z 
 <o37 
 
 DDQ135601flE 
 
Class„ 
 
 Book__ b 
 
 CopightN°_ 
 
 CDHfRlGIIT DEPOSIT. 
 
Landscape Architecture 
 
 A COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 
 
 FOR BOOKS, PLANS, PHOTOGRAPHS, NOTES 
 
 AND OTHER COLLECTED MATERIAL 
 
 WITH COMBINED 
 
 ALPHABETIC TOPIC INDEX AND LIST 
 
 OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 BY 
 
 HENRY VINCENT HUBBARD 
 
 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LANDSCAPE. ARCHITECTURE 
 AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 AND 
 
 THEODORA KIMBALL 
 
 LIBRARIAN OF THE SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 19-20 
 
Landscape Architecture 
 
 A COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 
 
 FOR BOOKS, PLANS, PHOTOGRAPHS, NOTES 
 
 AND OTHER COLLECTED MATERIAL 
 
 WITH COMBINED 
 
 ALPHABETIC TOPIC INDEX AND LIST 
 
 OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 IIS& 
 
 BY 
 
 HENRY VINCENT HUBBARD 
 
 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 AND 
 
 THEODORA KIMBALL 
 
 LIBRARIAN OF THE SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 1920 
 
.LI2.I 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1920 
 BY HARVAHD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 MAK 20 1920 
 
 ©CU566152 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Preface and Guide to the Use of the Classification 5 
 
 Definition of the Field of Landscape Architecture ... 5 
 
 Usefulness of the Classification 5 
 
 Practical Application of the Classification to Arrange- 
 ment of Existing Material 6 
 
 This Classification in relation to other Classification 
 
 Schemes 7 
 
 Preliminary Landscape Architecture Scheme ... 7 
 
 City Planning Classification 7 
 
 Library of Congress Classification 8 
 
 Adaptations to other Systems of Classification . . 9 
 
 Organization of this Classification 9 
 
 Headings 9 
 
 Numbering 10 
 
 Indentation H 
 
 Explanatory Notes 11 
 
 Cross-references 12 
 
 Summary Outline 12 
 
 Geographical Table 12 
 
 ' The Index and List of Subject Headings 13 
 
 Acknowledgments 13 
 
 Summary Outline 15 
 
 Classification Scheme 21 
 
 Geographical Table 91 
 
 General 91 
 
 Estates and Gardens 93 
 
 Alphabetic List of Subject Headings and Index to the 
 
 Classification Scheme 97 
 
 Introductory Note 97 
 
 List and Index 99 
 
PREFACE 
 
 AND GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE CLASSIFICATION 
 
 DEFINITION OF THE FIELD OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 " Landscape Architecture is the art of fitting land for 
 human use and enjoyment. 
 
 " The Landscape Architect designs and advises regarding 
 the arrangement, and directs the development, of land and 
 the objects upon it in connection with private grounds and 
 gardens, institutions, public parks, playgrounds and squares, 
 cemeteries, streets and parkways, residential communities, 
 and problems of city and regional planning." L 
 
 USEFULNESS OF THE CLASSIFICATION 
 
 This is the first comprehensive classification of the field 
 of Landscape Architecture. It attempts to show in detail 
 both the subjects making up the field, as far as possible in 
 their logical relations and as regarded from various points of 
 view, and also the relation of the field itself to tangent fields. 
 The profession of Landscape Architecture is now so well 
 established, with a background of accomplishment, and pub- 
 lic familiarity with the subject and with its literature is now 
 so general, that a classification can be produced with the 
 reasonable certainty that its main divisions will remain per- 
 manently useful, and that future developments of the sub- 
 ject can find logical places within the present outline, with 
 changes, if at all, only in some of the minor headings. This 
 classification has been worked out primarily for use with the 
 extensive collections of the Harvard School of Landscape 
 Architecture Library, and has proved increasingly satis- 
 factory through eight years of development and adaptation. 
 
 The Classification Scheme should prove useful to libra- 
 ries, to offices of practitioners, and to students, who need an 
 organized scheme under which to file and record the data 
 
 1 From Official Statement of Professional Practice, American Society of 
 Landscape Architects, Adopted September, 1919. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 they are collecting, and a logical analysis of the subject 
 showing as a whole the ground which their education may 
 eventually cover. 
 
 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE CLASSIFICATION TO EXISTING 
 MATERIAL 
 
 In collections relating to landscape architecture the fol- 
 lowing forms of material are useful for reference : published 
 literature, including books, pamphlets, reports, periodical 
 articles, and clippings ; graphic material, published or in orig- 
 inal form, including maps, plans, drawings, photographs, 
 plates, postcards and miscellaneous pictorial matter; manu- 
 script material, including notes and bibliographical refer- 
 ences. In order that one outline of the subject shall cover 
 material in such various forms, clearly certain sections must 
 provide more particularly for books or pamphlets, and cer- 
 tain other sections more particularly for pictorial material. 
 The several parts of this classification scheme are therefore 
 developed according to the amount and form of material 
 to be classified under each. 
 
 The classification scheme has been developed also to pro- 
 vide alternative places to classify material when considered 
 from various points of view or with certain special uses in 
 mind. For example, photographs of walls, fences, hedges, 
 and shrub borders enclosing gardens might be classified 
 respectively in the places provided for them as physical 
 objects; i.e., under Structures, 3300 + , and under Plan- 
 tations, 1827, etc., 2424; or again they might be grouped 
 in 4327, being considered as boundaries of a garden. And 
 a selection of a dozen photographs of various subjects, each 
 classifiable elsewhere, might be brought together in 1174, as 
 examples of landscape composition. In the design collec- 
 tion of photographs at the Harvard School of Landscape 
 Architecture Library, it has been found desirable to classify 
 the bulk of photographs according to their actual object 
 classification, but to select groups of photographs suggestive 
 in designing for classification under Landscape Composition, 
 Garden Design, etc. 
 
 There are similar possibilities for arranging manuscript 
 notes from various points of view, with cross-references as 
 
 6 
 
PREFACE 
 
 necessary. In fact, for the student, the classification scheme 
 has unusual value for the filing of notes; and an up-to-date 
 alphabetic index to the notes may be maintained in the 
 printed index to the classification scheme by making a 
 check mark against the topics used. 
 
 THIS CLASSIFICATION IN RELATION TO OTHER CLASSIFICATION 
 SCHEMES 
 
 Preliminary Landscape Architecture Scheme 
 
 In the January 1913 issue of the quarterly Landscape 
 Architecture, the authors of this comprehensive Landscape 
 Architecture Classification published a " Scheme for the 
 Classification of Reference Material in a Landscape Archi- 
 tect's Office," based on the fuller scheme in preparation. 
 The differences between that short scheme and the summary 
 outline of the present classification are the outcome of ex- 
 perience in classifying large quantities of material since the 
 earlier publication. 
 
 City Planning Classification 
 
 While this Landscape Architecture Classification is a 
 reasonably complete and independent scheme within itself, 
 it is nevertheless planned definitely to interlock with the 
 City Planning Classification already published. 1 In an 
 office or library collecting material extensively on the public 
 problems of the landscape architect, the two schemes should 
 be used together, as they are at the Harvard School of Land- 
 scape Architecture Library, where they have been developed 
 and applied simultaneously. Fulfilling the promise made in 
 the preface to the City Planning Scheme, in this Landscape 
 Architecture Scheme numerous cross-references to the City 
 Planning numbers have been made, with an indication of 
 what has proved the more convenient place to classify ma- 
 terial covered by both schemes. 
 
 1 City Planning: A Comprehensive Analysis of theljjubject, arranged for 
 the classification of Books, Plans, Photographs, Note™ and other collected 
 material; with Alphabetic Subject Index; by James Sturgis Pray, Chairman, 
 School of Landscape Architecture, Harvard University, and Theodora Kim- 
 ball, Librarian, School of Landscape Architecture, Harvard University. 
 Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1913. 103 pages. Paper. 
 Price, $1.00 postpaid. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Library of Congress Classification 
 
 In the Preface to the City Planning Classification (pp. 9 
 and 10) will be found a full explanation of the selection of 
 the Library of Congress Classification principle as the basis 
 for both Landscape Architecture and City Planning Schemes. 
 To quote: "It is comprehensive, generally known through 
 the wide circulation of printed catalogue cards numbered 
 according to it, and adapted in principle to serve as a basis 
 for the arrangement of the special field of the Library. This 
 principle is a combination of logical subdivision with con- 
 venient sequence, allowing a maximum of elasticity in de- 
 velopment. Its simple sequential system of numbering was 
 found easy to use in the Library, and convenient of applica- 
 tion to the outline of the subject without forcing. In cor- 
 respondence with Mr. Charles Martel, then Chief Classifier 
 of the Library of Congress (now Chief of the Catalogue 
 Division) a place was assigned the subject in the general 
 Library of Congress scheme (in which no adequate provision 
 for Landscape Architecture or City Planning existed) in 
 Class N, Fine Arts. Landscape Architecture and City 
 Planning were erected as independent sub-classes co- 
 ordinate with and immediately following Architecture, num- 
 bered NA. As the sub-class designation NB was already in 
 use, it was necessary to use a three-letter combination which 
 would assume Architecture to be NA(A), Landscape Archi- 
 tecture NAB, and City Planning NAC. Although City 
 Planning is not primarily a fine art its fundamental esthetic 
 aspect and its close connection with the practice of Land- 
 scape Architecture and Architecture were considered to 
 justify its position in class N." 
 
 A library using other portions of the Library of Congress 
 Classification may wish to make use of the cross-references 
 to them inserted in the Landscape Architecture Scheme (as, 
 for instance, to SB and SD, Horticulture and Forestry, TE, 
 Roads, etc.); but the ordinary professional office should not 
 find this necessary, and should be able to group its material 
 conveniently under the numbers afforded by the Landscape 
 Architecture and City Planning Schemes. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Adaptations to other Systems of Classification. 
 
 The outline of the subject of Landscape Architecture as 
 given in this classification can be used in connection with 
 other systems of classification in general use. For instance, 
 for the meager section beginning 710 in the Dewey Decimal 
 Classification, the following outline might be substituted: 1 
 .01-08 Bibliography through Museums, .11-. 17 Collected 
 Works through General Special (or these form headings 
 could be rearranged to conform with general decimal classi- 
 fication practice); .2 Landscape improvement movement; 
 .3 Legislation; A Study and teaching; .5 Theory of landscape 
 design; .6 Methods of technical procedure; .7 Elements and 
 materials of landscape and landscape design; .8 Types of land- 
 scape designs, according to use; .9 Geographical arrangement. 
 Subheads could be adjusted and similarly numbered in deci- 
 mal fashion. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION 2 
 
 Headings 
 
 The first series of main headings (see the Summary Out- 
 line) through 300, General special, have been selected from 
 those in general use by the Library of Congress. They might 
 be termed " form headings," since they refer particularly 
 to the form in which the material appears, e.g., a Periodical, 
 a Dictionary, The phrase " General special " is used as a 
 heading for material, which, though general, is not com- 
 prehensive but deals with some special phase of the general 
 topic, e.g., under the general subject Landscape Architec- 
 ture, the topic 305, Purpose and utility, appears under Gen- 
 eral special. This heading has been used consistently 
 throughout this scheme, sometimes with subheads, but often 
 merely with a gap in the numbering to permit the insertion 
 of future subheads if desired. 
 
 The second series of headings beginning with 500, Land- 
 scape improvement movement, constitutes a systematic 
 subdivision of the field, adjusted to the demands of classi- 
 
 ' Cf. the suggestion for use of the City Planning Classification with the 
 Decimal System (Preface, p. 11). 
 
 : ' Since the organization of this scheme and of the City Planning scheme are 
 on the same principle, much of the following explanation has been taken from 
 that given in the Preface to the City Planning Classification. 
 
 9 
 
PREFACE 
 
 fying kinds of material which, as physical objects, can stand 
 in the files only in one place. As has been stated earlier in 
 this preface, certain headings apply more to literature and 
 certain others more to pictorial matter. Use of the topics 
 will soon reveal this distinction. Certain subheads have 
 been provided uniformly under many analogous headings; 
 beyond this, an exact uniformity of phrase under all sub- 
 heads has not been sought: it has seemed better to use 
 whatever phrases were most expressive in the given instance. 
 
 However, as far as possible, corresponding parts of the 
 outline itself have been constructed as uniformly as possible, 
 to offer mnemonic advantage, as for instance, under Plants 
 (see explanation on p. 39). 
 
 In order to present the subject clearly, each major sub- 
 division of the outline is developed to a certain proportion, 
 even if the subheads are given only as cross-references, e.g., 
 Landscape construction and maintenance, 1400 + . In 
 minor cases, however, only typical topics have been given 
 under a heading, often in order to make clear the kind of 
 material which should be classified there. These type sub- 
 heads have been generally chosen because they represented 
 actual existing material. Gaps have been left in the num- 
 bering for the insertion of other similar subheads. 
 
 In arranging a series of subheads, a coherent sequence has 
 been preferred to an alphabetic arrangement, on account of 
 the advantage gained for pictorial material, e.g., Pleasure 
 buildings and other pleasure structures, 3150 +. In general, 
 the sequence of the actual material as arranged by this 
 scheme has been carefully considered. 
 
 Numbering. 
 
 The numbering system is that employed by the Library 
 of Congress, a sequence of simple cardinal numbers, with 
 gaps left between the numbers assigned the topics given, in 
 order to allow for the insertion of new topics. Further ex- 
 pansion may be provided for by the use of decimals, as in 
 section 1850+ of this scheme. In addition to the expansion 
 of the scheme by decimals, numbers for new subheads may 
 be added on the decimal principle as follows : — g, geo- 
 graphic, gf5-grl84 (see p. 91) ; m, material, wl-m9 (see p. 57) ; 
 
 10 
 
PREFACE 
 
 c, exact cross-subordination, for any series of existing topics 
 in the scheme useful as subdivisions under another topic, 
 e.g., Planting in relation to steps, 1840c3375. The letter is 
 used instead of a decimal point. 
 
 The numbering of the Scheme was done loosely, since the 
 subject was growing so rapidly, and might develop at an 
 unexpected point or in an unexpected way. Several hun- 
 dred numbers have been left open to provide for such emer- 
 gencies. Sections of the scheme now numbered closely 
 represent subjects which have developed during the eight 
 years in which this scheme has been in preparation. 
 
 In classifying material in a library using the Library of 
 Congress Classification, the numbers of the outline would be 
 preceded by NAB, the general class designation for Land- 
 scape Architecture. For a collection wholly on landscape 
 architecture and using only this scheme, NAB need not be 
 used, since the numerical designation is sufficient. In a col- 
 lection using the City Planning Scheme (NAC) and this 
 scheme (NAB), B might be used for Landscape Architecture 
 and C for City Planning, or whatever other mnemonic de- 
 vice seemed preferable. 
 
 Indentation 
 
 It has not been possible to express exact coordination and 
 subordination of heads and subheads by the indentation. 
 Often importance or bulk of material has pulled a logically 
 subordinate topic into a more important place. Further- 
 more, indentation by exact logical arrangement would make 
 many of the headings too far to the right of the page for 
 convenient printing; and the insertion of headings to show 
 theoretical relations, where not necessary for clearness, 
 would render the outline clumsy for use in classifying 
 material. 
 
 Explanatory Notes. 
 
 Notes have been given throughout the scheme explaining 
 the meaning of a heading and what material should be classi- 
 fied under it, wherever the authors felt that these points 
 were not self-evident. 
 
 11 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Cross-references . 
 
 Cross-references have been freely made between headings 
 containing related material, and further to call attention to 
 headings under which the same material might be arranged 
 from different points of view. In making these cross- 
 references, where there has been no doubt as to the connec- 
 tion, the number referred to has been given alone without 
 the corresponding heading. In doubtful cases, the heading 
 referred to has been given in addition to the numerical ref- 
 erence. The authors did not feel that it was advisable to give 
 referred-to headings except in doubtful cases, on account of 
 the great increase in bulk which the headings for the very 
 large number of cross-references would have caused. In 
 making the numerical cross-reference to a topic, the initial 
 number only has been used, followed by a plus sign (e.g., 
 1800+) if the topic occupies more than one number. 
 Throughout the scheme the numbers and topics given in 
 curves followed by a reference to some other number show 
 where material might be classified if desired for some special 
 purpose, but where the authors do not think it as well 
 placed from a general point of view as under the number re- 
 ferred to. The Index may be used to supplement cross- 
 references in the text. 
 
 Summary Outline 
 
 Besides the full Classification Scheme, the authors in- 
 clude a Summary Outline, consisting of the main heads and 
 subheads. This Summary shows the general construction 
 of the Scheme, and also may serve as a briefer basis for ar- 
 rangement of material for a small collection. The topics 
 given in the Summary Outline are printed in capitals in the 
 full scheme, both for emphasis and to facilitate reference 
 from the Summary to the Scheme itself, and these topics are 
 starred in the alphabetic index. 
 
 Geographical Table 
 
 The Geographical Table given with this Classification is 
 explained in a note on p. 91. It is accompanied by a special 
 table for use in classifying local material on Estates and 
 Gardens (p. 93). 
 
 12 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The Index and List of Subject Headings 
 
 A full index to the classification scheme has been com- 
 bined with a set of standard subject headings to be used for 
 card indexes or library catalogues. The use of the Index 
 and Subject Headings is explained in the Introductory Note 
 on p. 97. As has already been suggested, the index may be 
 made a record of a personal collection by check marks against 
 topics on which material has been assembled. In a very 
 small collection, assembled in a vertical file, it may be ad- 
 visable to use only an alphabetic arrangement of material, 
 disregarding the classification numbers, and using the sub- 
 ject headings as a standard series of topics for filing. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 The authors gratefully acknowledge constructive sugges- 
 tions received from many sources both in the earlier stages 
 of the preparation of the Landscape Architecture Classi- 
 fication and during its development and application, especi- 
 ally from Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted, Professor James 
 Sturgis Pray, Professor Fiske Kimball, Mr. Fletcher Steele, 
 Mr. Bremer Whidden Pond, Mr. Elbert Peets, Mr. Charles 
 Martel of the Library of Congress, and Mr. Stephen F. 
 Hamblin who is largely responsible for the Horticultural sec- 
 tion of the Scheme (numbered 1850-1874). Since, however 
 permanent its main structure may be, no scheme is final in 
 detail, the authors of this scheme welcome further construc- 
 tive criticisms arising from the testing of the scheme in per- 
 sonal collections, special libraries, or offices of practising 
 landscape architects. 
 
 Henry Vincent Hubbard, 
 Theodora Kimball. 
 
 Cambridge, Mass., 
 
 December 30, 1919. 
 
 13 
 

Landscape Architecture Classification 
 
 Summary Outline 
 
 Only the more important headings are given here. If used in 
 
 connection with the Library of Congress Classification, prefix 
 
 NAB to numbers. 
 
 (0) 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 
 
 (1) 
 
 Periodicals. 
 
 
 
 (15) 
 
 Yearbooks. 
 
 
 
 (20) 
 
 Societies. 
 
 
 
 (40) 
 
 Congresses. Conferences. 
 
 Conventions. 
 
 (50) 
 
 Exhibitions. 
 
 
 
 (70) 
 
 Museums. 
 
 
 
 180 
 
 Collected Works. 
 
 
 
 190 
 
 Encyclopedias, dictionaries, 
 
 etc. 
 
 
 195 
 
 Directories. 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 Biography. 
 
 
 
 210 
 
 History. Historic styles of landscape 
 
 design 
 
 250 General works. 
 
 300 General special, including name, field, professional 
 opportunities, etc. 
 
 500 Landscape improvement movement. 
 510 Organization. 
 540 Education of public. 
 560 Forms of improvement. 
 
 700 Legislation. Legal aspects of landscape architec- 
 ture. 
 
 900 Study and teaching. 
 
 910 Subject matter. 
 
 930 Methods. 
 
 960 Special countries. 
 
 980 Special professional schools. 
 
 1000 Theory of landscape design. 
 (1005) (Economic theory) See 4000 + , Types of landscape 
 designs, according to use. 
 15 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Theory of landscape design (continued). 
 
 1010 Esthetic theory (General). 
 
 1020 Taste. Ideals. Appreciation. Criticism. 
 
 1030 Style in landscape design. 
 
 1050 Landscape character. 
 
 1060 Landscape effect. 
 
 1100 Landscape composition. 
 
 1115 Forms of order in composition. 
 
 1130 Characteristics of objects, and circumstances 
 
 modifying their appearance, in landscape 
 composition 
 
 1170 Landscape compositions and their composi- 
 
 tional elements. 
 
 1200 Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
 sional practice. 
 
 1210 Professional conduct and relations. 
 
 1230 Organization and equipment of office. 
 
 1240 Collection of data. 
 
 1246 Office procedure in design. 
 
 1250 Presentation of design. 
 
 1355 Superintendence of construction and maintenance. 
 
 1400 Landscape construction and maintenance. 
 
 1500 Elements and materials in landscape ' and 
 
 landscape design. 
 1600 Ground forms. Natural forms of ground, rock, 
 
 and waters. 
 1605 Design. 
 
 1640 Geologic origin of ground forms. 
 
 1650 Special forms and units, according to natural 
 
 character. 
 1800 Plants. Vegetation. 
 1805 Design. Planting design. Plantations. 
 
 1850 Planting and culture. Horticulture. 
 
 1875 Description. Plants as materials of landscape 
 
 design. 
 (Special forms of plants). 
 2100 Trees. 
 
 2400 Shrubs. 
 
 16 
 
CLASSIFICATION — SUMMARY OUTLINE 
 
 Elements and Materials in landscape and land- 
 scape design (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 
 2700 Herbaceous plants. 
 
 3000 Structures, in landscape. 
 
 3005 Design. 
 
 3040 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 (Special forms of structures). 
 
 3050 Buildings for residence and other major uses. 
 
 3100 Service buildings and other service structures, 
 
 including farm buildings, service yards, 
 etc. 
 
 3150 Pleasure buildings and other pleasure struc- 
 
 tures, including pavilions, arbors, garden 
 theaters, stadiums, tennis courts, etc. 
 
 3225 Terraces, embankments, structural shore 
 
 treatment. 
 
 3300 Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. 
 
 3400 Minor accessory structures. 
 
 3405 Primarily for service purposes. Service 
 
 accessories. 
 
 3425 Primarily for ornamental and pleasure 
 
 purposes. " Garden furniture." 
 
 3490 Canals, moats, etc. 
 
 3495 Dams. 
 
 3500 Bridges. 
 
 3550 Tunnels. 
 
 3600 Roads, paths, etc. 
 
 3700 Pipes, conduits, wires. 
 
 3900 Types of landscape. Landscape characters. 
 Natural scenery. " Free land- 
 scape." 
 
 3910 Types according to dominant ground forms and 
 topography. 
 
 3920 Types according to dominant vegetation. 
 
 3930 Types according to climate. 
 
 3940 Types according to effect of human occupation and 
 activities. 
 
 3975 Types according to locality. 
 
 17 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 4000 Types of Landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples. 
 
 4200 Gardens. 
 
 4700 Private estates. 
 
 5100 Country club grounds. 
 
 5150 Hotel grounds, country, seashore, etc. 
 
 5180 Recreation camps. 
 
 5200 Hospital, asylum, sanatorium, etc., grounds. 
 
 5250 College, university, private school grounds. 
 
 5300 Church grounds. 
 
 5400 Factory grounds. 
 
 5450 Railroad grounds, including station grounds and 
 rights of way. 
 
 5500 Grounds of public buildings. 
 
 5510 Capitol, city-hall, court-house grounds, etc. 
 
 5530 Library and museum grounds. 
 
 5550 Public school grounds. 
 
 5600 Exposition grounds. 
 
 5650 Fair grounds, state, county, and other. 
 
 5700 Amusement parks. 
 
 5730 Open-air concert gardens. Tea gardens. Outdoor 
 restaurants. 
 
 5750 Zoological parks. 
 
 5800 Botanical gardens. 
 
 5850 Arboretums. 
 
 5900 Cemeteries. 
 
 6000 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, play- 
 grounds, and other outdoor public rec- 
 reation facilities. 
 
 6100 Reservations. 
 
 6125 Forest and water-supply reservations. 
 
 6200 Scenic reservations. 
 
 6240 Places containing special natural features and 
 
 features of historic interest. 
 
 6250 Reservations for preservation of animal and 
 
 bird life, and plant life. 
 
 6260 Reservations for defence. 
 
 6300 Large parks, including large landscape parks. 
 
 6400 Small parks. Neighborhood parks. Commons, 
 
 etc. 
 
 18 
 
CLASSIFICATION — SUMMARY OUTLINE 
 
 Typks s of Landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, etc. (contin'd). 
 (5500 Playgrounds, athletic fields, and provisions for 
 
 special sports. 
 6600 Water parks. Recreational waterfronts. 
 
 6800 Parks of special countries and cities, including 
 
 reports of park commissions, arranged 
 geographically. 
 
 7000 Landscape designs in larger public problems 
 
 of the arrangement of land. 
 
 7100 Land subdivision, for residential purposes. 
 
 7500 Town and city planning. 
 
 8500 Regional planning. 
 
 8700 Rural planning. 
 
 8900 State planning. 
 
 9000 National planning. 
 
 19 
 
Landscape Architecture Classification 
 
 If used in connection with Library of Congress Classification, 
 prefix NAB to numbers. 
 
 Bibliography. 
 
 General only. Special bibliographies go with special subjects. 
 Cf. Library of Congress Class Z (Bibliography). 
 
 Periodicals. 
 
 Subdivided by language. Only general periodicals to be classi- 
 fied here; e. g., periodicals relating to Parks go in 6002. See 
 Index under Periodicals. 
 
 (1) (General.) 
 
 2 American and English. 
 
 4 French. 
 
 5 German. 
 
 14 Other. 
 
 15 Yearbooks. 
 Societies. 
 
 Proceedings, sets of publications. For works on formation of 
 landscape improvement societies, their activities, etc., see 513. 
 
 (20) 
 
 (General.) 
 
 21 
 
 International. 
 
 22 
 
 United States. 
 
 23 
 
 Latin America. South America, Central America, 
 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 25 
 
 British Empire. 
 
 28 
 
 France and Belgium. 
 
 29 
 
 Germany, Austria. 
 
 31 
 
 Hungary, Bohemia. 
 
 32 
 
 Italy. 
 
 33 
 
 Scandinavia, Holland. 
 
 35 
 
 Spain and Portugal. 
 
 36 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 39 
 
 Other. 
 
 21 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Congresses. Conferences. Conventions. 
 
 Proceedings, etc. 
 
 (40) (General.) 
 42 Permanent. 
 
 Arranged alphabetically by name of congress. 
 46 Occasional. 
 
 Arranged chronologically. 
 
 Exhibitions. 
 
 Exhibitions in connection with Congresses go here, but with 
 cross-reference from Congresses. Cf. 546, 940. 
 
 (50) 
 
 (General.) 
 
 52 
 
 International. 
 
 
 Local. 
 
 55 
 
 United States. 
 
 60 
 
 Europe 
 
 65 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Museums. 
 
 (70) 
 
 (General.) 
 
 
 Local. 
 
 75 
 
 United States. 
 
 80 
 
 Europe. 
 
 85 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Collected works. General series 
 
 180 
 
 Several authors. 
 
 185 
 
 Individual authors. 
 
 190 Encyclopaedias, dictionaries, glossaries, lists of 
 terms, etc. 
 
 195 Directories. 
 
 Biography. 
 200 Collective. 
 205 Individual. A-Z. 
 
 History. Historic styles of landscape design. 
 
 Cf. (4280), (4477), 4701 + . Only the more clear-cut styles, 
 and those on which literature has appeared, have been chosen 
 for mention here. Other minor styles may be fitted into the 
 outline, if desired. 
 
 If it is desired to distinguish between a style in the country 
 of its origin and its influence or development in other coun- 
 tries, the letter a may be added to the subdivision number, 
 e. g., 236a, Style of Le Notre abroad. 
 
 22 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 History. Historic styles of landscape design 
 (continued). 
 210 General. Comprehensive. 
 
 Occidental. 
 212 General. 
 
 Ancient. 
 215 General. 
 
 217 Egyptian and Mesopotamia^ 
 
 219 Greek and Roman. 
 
 224 Other. 
 Mediaeval. 
 
 225 General. 
 
 226 Monastic. Cloister garths. 
 
 227 Feudal. Mediaeval pleasances. 
 
 228 Communal. 
 
 Cf. NAC 225. 
 
 Modern, including Renaissance. 
 
 230 General. 
 
 231 Mohammedan. Moorish in Spain. 
 
 Cf. 246. 
 
 232 Italian Renaissance. Baroque. 
 
 233 French Renaissance. 
 
 234 English Renaissance. Tudor. Elizabethan. 
 
 235 Dutch. 
 
 236 Style of Le Notre. French Grand Style. 
 
 237 English " Landscape School." 
 
 238 French informal. 
 
 As developed in France subsequent to the vogue of the 
 English " Landscape School." Cf. 237a. 
 
 239 American landscape style, 1850-. Style of 
 
 the elder Olmsted and its influence. 
 
 240 German formal. 1897-. 1 
 
 242 Other. 
 Oriental. 
 
 243 General. 
 
 244 Chinese. 
 
 245 Japanese. 
 
 246 Persian. 
 
 ' 1897 is date of the Hamburg Gartenbau-Ausstelhing, where Lichtwark's 
 formal plan was notable. (Gothein. I 
 
 23 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 History. Historic styles of landscape design 
 (continued) . 
 Oriental (continued) . 
 
 247 Indian. Moghul. 
 
 248 Other. 
 
 249 By country. 
 
 Use Geographical Table, with g; e.g., 249flS7, England; 
 249^6 American Colonial. Cf. 4701+. See note on p. 91. 
 
 General works. 
 
 250 Comprehensive treatises. 
 
 254 Outlines, syllabi, charts, diagrams, etc. 
 
 Including classification schemes. 
 
 258 Pocket-books, tables, etc. 
 260 Partial works. 
 
 Treating two or more subdivisions of the general subject. 
 
 Essays, addresses, lectures. 
 
 Cf . 542. Text, programs, announcements of addresses and 
 lectures (other than from the landscape improvement 
 point of view) go here. 
 
 265 Collective. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 270 Single. 
 
 When general; specific go with subject. 
 
 (280) General collections of material in special forms. 
 " Libraries." 
 
 Classify here only material which it is desired to keep to- 
 gether as a collection rather than to distribute by subject. 
 
 282 Atlases and general collections of plans. 
 
 284 Portfolios and general collections of paintings, 
 
 drawings, sketches, etc. 
 286 Albums and general collections of photographs, 
 
 prints, plates, postcards, etc. 
 
 288 General collections of lantern slides. 
 
 290 General collections of clippings, excerpts, etc. 
 
 292 General collections of manuscripts, notes, etc. 
 
 294 General collections of books and pamphlets. 
 
 Chosen as typical; e.g., "ten books on landscape archi- 
 tecture for an office library. " 
 
 300 General special. 
 
 302 Name. Definition. Use of terms. 
 
 Landscape architecture, landscape gardening, landscape 
 design, etc. 
 
 24 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 General special (continued). 
 305 Purpose and utility. 
 
 Landscape design as promoting outdoor life, health, efficiency, 
 pleasure, etc. 
 
 310 Field, scope. Relation to other arts, sciences and 
 professions. 
 Landscape architecture as an art, science, or pro- 
 fession. Requirements and opportuni- 
 ties. Professional opportunities. 
 
 320 General. 
 
 322 General special. 
 
 323 War service of landscape architects. 
 
 324 Women in the profession of landscape archi- 
 
 tecture. 
 
 Landscape improvement movement. 
 
 Cf. NAC 500 + , City-planning movement. Civic improve- 
 ment. 
 
 500 
 
 General. 
 
 505 
 
 General special. 
 
 
 Purposes, activities, progress, etc. 
 
 
 Organization. 
 
 510 
 
 General. 
 
 513 
 
 Societies. 
 
 515 
 
 University extension work. 
 
 519 
 
 Other. 
 
 Education of public. Educational campaigns. 
 
 Cf. 51.5, University extension work, above. 
 
 540 General. 
 
 542 Lectures. 
 
 Cf. 265+. 
 
 544 Publications, propaganda. 
 
 546 Demonstrations, exhibitions. 
 
 Cf. (50)+, 940. 
 
 548 Teaching in public schools. 
 
 Cf. 900 + . 
 
 Forms of improvement. 
 560 General. 
 
 565 " Yard improvement." " Garden contests." 
 
 Cf. 4200 + , 4900+. 
 25 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Landscape improvement movement (continued). 
 568 Improvement of public and semi-public grounds. 
 
 Cf. 5200-5590. 
 
 570 Road and roadside improvement. 
 
 Cf. 1848, 3605 + . 
 
 573 Countryside improvement. 
 
 Cf. NAC 580 + . 
 
 575 Billboard removal. 
 
 Cf. NAC 3880. 
 
 585 War memorials. 
 
 Cf. 3440. 
 
 590 Other. 
 
 700 Legislation. Legal aspects of landscape archi- 
 tecture. 
 
 Put here only general or collected legislation relating to 
 matters within the field of landscape architecture. Legislation 
 relating to professional practice goes in 1213; relating to 
 Parks, etc., in 6014. Cf. NAC 700+, and notes. 
 
 Study and teaching. 
 
 For popular education in landscape improvement, see 540 +. 
 
 900 General. 
 
 905 General special. 
 
 Subject matter. 
 
 910 General. 
 
 911 Theory and practice of landscape design, eco- 
 
 nomic and esthetic. 
 
 Study of typical landscape units. Problems. Criti- 
 cism. Cf. 1000 + , 1246. 
 
 912 Theory. 
 
 914 Practice. 
 
 915 Presentation of design. 
 
 Drawings, reports, etc. Cf. 1250 -f. 
 917 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 Including grading, planting, etc. Cf. 1400 + . 
 
 919 Elements and materials of landscape and land- 
 
 scape design. 
 Cf. 1500 + . 
 
 920 Special contributory subjects. 
 
 E. g., Geology, Forestry, Architecture. 
 26 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 
 Study and teaching (continued). 
 
 
 Methods. 
 
 930 
 
 General. 
 
 935 
 
 Courses of study in universities, colleges, tech 
 
 
 nical schools. 
 
 
 Cf. 548. 
 
 939 
 
 " Correspondence courses." 
 
 940 
 
 Study in libraries, collections, exhibitions. 
 
 
 Cf. (50)+, 546. 
 
 945 
 
 Observation and travel. 
 
 946 
 
 Travelling fellowships. 
 
 947 
 
 Study tours. Itineraries. 
 
 950 
 
 Experience in offices of practitioners. 
 
 
 Special countries. 
 
 960 
 
 United States. 
 
 962 
 
 England. 
 
 964 
 
 France. 
 
 966 
 
 Germany. 
 
 978 
 
 Other. 
 
 Special professional schools. 
 
 Including catalogues and bulletins. Note: word " School " 
 is used in the sense of institution, not in the sense, e.g., 
 English " Landscape School." 
 
 980 
 
 United States. 
 
 982 
 
 England. 
 
 984 
 
 France. 
 
 986 
 
 Germany. 
 
 998 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Theory of Landscape Design 
 
 1000 
 
 General. 
 
 1002 
 
 General special. 
 
 (1005) (Economic theory.) See 4000 +, Types of land- 
 scape designs, according to use. 
 
 Esthetic theory (General). 
 1010 General. 
 
 1015 Psychological basis. 
 
 1020 Taste. Ideals. Appreciation. Criticism. 
 
 27 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Theory op Landscape Design (continued). 
 Style in landscape design. 
 
 1030 General. 
 
 1031 General special. 
 
 Effect of climate, topography, social customs, etc. 
 
 1034 Categories. 
 
 1035 Formal and Informal. 
 
 1036 Formal. 
 
 Including styles termed " Regular," " Archi- 
 tectural, " Geometrical," " Symmetrical." 
 
 1037 Informal. 
 
 Including styles termed " Gardenesque," etc. 
 
 1038 Humanized and Naturalistic. 
 (1039) (Humanized). 
 
 1040 Naturalistic. 
 
 1041 Classic and Romantic. 
 
 1042 Classic. 
 
 1043 Romantic. 
 
 (1047) (Examples.) 
 
 (1048) (Individual styles.) For discussion of in- 
 
 dividual designer not included in His- 
 toric styles, see 205. 
 
 (1049) (Historic styles.) See 210 +, History, in- 
 
 cluding Historic styles. 
 
 Landscape character. 
 
 This term is used to designate the sum of the qualities 
 of a natural landscape, which give it recognizable in- 
 dividuality. Cf. the term Style, as applied to man- 
 made landscape designs. 
 
 1050 
 
 General. 
 
 (1055) 
 
 (Examples.) See 3900 + , Types of landscape. 
 
 
 Landscape characters. 
 
 
 Landscape effect. 
 
 1060 
 
 General. 
 
 1063 
 
 Categories and examples. 
 
 1064 
 
 Historic examples. 
 
 1065 
 
 The " Beautiful." 
 
 1066 
 
 The " Picturesque." 
 
 1067 
 
 The " Sublime." 
 
 1068 
 
 Other effects discussed in the older litera- 
 
 
 ture of landscape design. 
 
 
 E. g., the melancholy, the gay, etc. 
 
 
 28 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Theory of Landscape Design (continued). 
 Landscape effect (continued). 
 1070 Effects due mainly to style or landscape 
 
 character. 
 
 E. g., grand. 
 1075 Effects due mainly to transitory conditions 
 
 of weather, light or darkness, hour of 
 day, etc. 
 
 E. g., gloomy. 
 
 1077 Effects due mainly to association of ideas. 
 
 E. g., romantic. Cf. 1043. 
 
 1079 Other effects. 
 
 Landscape composition. 
 
 1100 General. 
 
 1105 General special. 
 
 1107 Comparison with landscape painting. Land- 
 
 scape architecture in painting. 
 
 1109 Unity and attraction of attention, extent 
 
 of composition, consideration of visual 
 angle, etc. 
 
 1111 Emphasis, contrast, variety, climax, domi- 
 
 nance. 
 
 Forms of order in composition. 
 1115 General. Harmony. Unity. 
 
 1117 General special. 
 
 1120 Repetition. 
 
 Including Monotony. 
 
 1121 Sequence. Rhythm. 
 
 1123 Balance. 
 
 1124 Symmetrical balance. Symmetry. 
 
 1126 Unsymmetrical balance. Occult balance. 
 
 Characteristics of objects, and circum- 
 stances MODIFYING THEIR APPEARANCE, 
 IN LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION. 
 
 1130 General. 
 
 1132 General special. 
 
 1134 (Material.) See 1500 +, Elements and ma- 
 
 terials in landscape and landscape design. 
 29 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Theory of Landscape Design (continued). 
 Landscape composition (continued). 
 
 1137 Shape. Form (in its restricted sense). 
 
 1138 Silhouette. 
 
 1140 Size. Scale. 
 
 1141 Absolute and relative scale. 
 1145 Texture. 
 
 1147 Color. 
 
 1150 Light and shade. 
 
 1152 Orientation. 
 
 In general. Cf. 30.50 + , Buildings. 
 
 1153 Shadows. 
 
 1154 Night effects. 
 
 1 155 Perspective. 
 
 1156 Atmosphere and Atmospheric perspective. 
 
 Aerial perspective. 
 
 Cf. 1540. 
 
 1157 Seasonal effects. 
 
 The abbreviations Sp., Su., A., W., may be used hero 
 for subdivisions if desired, for Spring, Summer, Au- 
 tumn, and Winter. 
 
 1158 
 
 Movement. Effect of wind, etc. 
 
 1159 
 
 Other. 
 
 1160 
 
 Illusions (as to characteristics) in landscape 
 
 
 composition. 
 
 
 Landscape compositions and their compo- 
 
 
 sitional ELEMENTS. 
 
 1170 
 
 General. 
 
 1172 
 
 General special. 
 
 1173 
 
 Choice of viewpoints. 
 
 
 Pictorial compositions. 
 
 1174 
 
 General. 
 
 1175 
 
 Elements in their space relations. 
 
 1177 
 
 Enf ramement . 
 
 1178 
 
 Foregrounds. 
 
 1179 
 
 Backgrounds. 
 
 1180 
 
 Planes of distance. 
 
 (Examples.) 
 1182 Balanced compositions. Axial arrange- 
 
 ments. 
 
 30 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Theory of Landscape Design (continued). 
 Landscape composition (continued). 
 Pictorial compositions (continued). 
 1185 Vistas. 
 
 Cf. 2130 + . 
 
 Objects in landscape composition according 
 
 to their design value. 
 
 1190 General. 
 
 1192 As inclosure. Boundaries and entrances. 
 
 Cf. 1824 + , etc., 3300 + , 4327. 
 
 1194 As surface decoration. 
 
 Cf. 2733, 3217. 3615, 4331. 
 
 1196 As marking points of interest. Accents. 
 
 Cf. 1821, etc., 3425 + , 4335. 
 
 1197 Other. 
 
 As marking points commanding views. Outlooks, etc. 
 
 1199 Other. 
 
 Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
 sional practice. 
 
 1200 General. 
 
 4 
 
 1205 General special. 
 
 Professional conduct and relations. Profes- 
 sional reputation. 
 
 1210 General. 
 
 1211 Code of professional ethics. 
 
 1212 Charges. 
 
 1213 Legal relations of the landscape architect. 
 
 Legislation relating to professional prac- 
 tice. 
 Cf. 700. 
 
 1215 Registration and examinations. 
 
 1216 Relations with special parties. 
 
 1217 Clients. 
 
 1218 Private. 
 
 1219 Public. 
 
 1220 Other practitioners. Cooperation of practi- 
 
 tioners. 
 Including cooperation with architects, engineers, etc. 
 Cf. NAC 875. 
 
 31 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
 sional Practice (continued). 
 Relations with special parties (continued). 
 Contractors. 
 
 1221 General. 
 
 1221.5 Construction contractors. 
 
 1221.8 Labor. 
 
 1222 Nurserymen. 
 
 1222.5 Other. 
 
 Including gardeners. 
 
 1223 Advertising and publicity. 
 
 1224 Announcements of practitioners. A-Z. 
 
 1225 Competitions. 
 
 For collected material on competitions. Competitions 
 on special subjects may be filed by subject. 
 
 1228 Competitive examinations. 
 
 Organization and equipment of office. 
 
 1230 General. 
 
 Including location of office, accommodations required, and 
 office management. 
 
 1231 Office force. Draftsmen, etc. 
 
 1232 Field force. Inspectors, etc. 
 
 1233 Field and office equipment. 
 
 1233.1 Furniture. 
 
 1233.2 Instruments. 
 
 Cf. 1251.5. 
 
 1233.3 Special labor-saving devices. 
 
 1233.4 Supplies. 
 
 Including tracing cloth, etc., pencils, etc. 
 
 1233.5 Blank forms. 
 
 Including plant order lists, time cards, etc. 
 
 1234 Accounting systems. 
 
 1235 Filing and arrangement of drawings and other 
 
 material. 
 
 Including correspondence, reports of field force to office, 
 ' etc., record of office work planned or executed, etc., etc. 
 
 1236 Office reference material. 
 
 Including standard details, records of dimensions, plant 
 lists, dealers' catalogues and lists including nursery 
 catalogues, books, pamphlets, photographs, etc., etc., 
 and indexes to the same. 
 
 1238 Dealers' catalogues and lists. 
 
 32 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
 sional practice (continued). 
 Collection of data. 
 
 1240 General. 
 
 Visits to the ground. 
 
 1241 Topographical maps. Surveying, Photographic 
 
 surveying. 
 
 Includes methods of representing topographical informa- 
 tion, hachuring, contouring, designation of cultivation, 
 ground cover, etc. Cf. Library of Congress Class TA. 
 
 1242 Sketches. 
 
 1243 Photographs. Photography. 
 
 1244 Aerial photographs. Aerial photography. 
 
 1245 Reports of visits to ground. 
 
 1246 Office procedure in design. 
 
 Presentation of design. 
 
 1250 General. 
 
 Drawings. Drafting. Rendering. Freehand 
 drawing. Landscape drawing, painting, 
 etc. 
 
 1251 General. 
 
 1251.5 Drawing instruments and materials. Draft- 
 
 ing-room instruments and materials. 
 
 Including planimeters, etc. Cf. 1233.2. 
 
 1252 Drawings for special technical uses. Plans. 
 1263 Studies. 
 
 1266 Preliminary plans. 
 
 1270 Perspectives and elevations. 
 1272 Elevations and silhouettes. 
 
 1274 Perspectives. 
 
 Including birdseye perspectives, " birdseye 
 views." 
 
 1276 General plans. 
 
 1278 Grading and construction plans. Con- 
 
 struction details. 
 1282 Profiles and sections. Cross-sections. 
 
 1285 Planting plans. Planting details. 
 
 Cf. 1348, Planting lists. 
 
 Special kinds of presentation, of drafting, 
 rendering, etc. 
 1288 General. 
 
 33 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
 sional practice (continued). 
 Presentation of design (continued). 
 
 1289 Drawings. 
 
 1290 Line. 
 
 1291 Pencil. 
 
 1292 Pen and ink. 
 
 1293 Wash. 
 
 1294 Monochrome. 
 
 1295 Color. 
 
 1296 Pastel. Crayon. 
 
 1299 Other. 
 
 Reproductions of drawings. Kinds of 
 prints. 
 
 1300 General. 
 
 1301 Direct or contact prints, from original 
 
 or direct-printed translucent negative. 
 
 Blue prints, Van Dyke prints, etc. 
 
 1303 Photographs (by use of lens). 
 
 Including direct prints from such negatives; i. e., 
 glass and film negatives, photostat negatives. 
 
 1304 " Black-line " prints. 
 
 Transfer of printer's ink from gelatin surface. 
 
 1305 Photolithographs. 
 
 1307 Line cuts. 
 
 1308 Half-tone cuts. 
 
 1309 Other. Rubbings, etc. 
 
 1310 Lettering. Titles. Alphabets. 
 
 1313 Titles. Cartouches. Legends, notes, etc. 
 
 1315 Graphical scales, Northpoints. Key maps, 
 
 etc. 
 
 Presentation of special landscape forms. 
 Representation of landscape forms. 
 
 For representation of topographical information, 
 see 1241. 
 
 1320 General. 
 
 1321 Sky. 
 1321.1 Water. 
 
 1322 Ground forms, hills, etc. 
 
 1323 Ground surface. 
 
 34 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 
 Methods of technical procedure. Profes- 
 
 
 sional practice (continued). 
 
 
 Presentation of special landscape forms . . . 
 
 
 (continued) . 
 
 1324 
 
 Vegetation. 
 
 1325 
 
 Trees. 
 
 1326 
 
 Shrubs. 
 
 1327 
 
 Herbaceous plants. 
 
 1328 
 
 Structures. 
 
 1329 
 
 Buildings and minor structures. Archi- 
 
 
 tectural forms. 
 
 1330 
 
 Roads, paths, etc. 
 
 
 Models. 
 
 1331 
 
 General. 
 
 1332 
 
 Special methods of construction. Special ma- 
 
 
 terials. 
 
 1333 
 
 Models of special landscape forms. 
 
 1334 
 
 Ground forms. 
 
 1335 
 
 Plants. 
 
 1336 
 
 Structures. 
 
 
 Models of special landscape designs. 
 
 1337 
 
 General. 
 
 1338 
 
 Estates and gardens. 
 
 1339 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Written material. Reports, specifications, lists, 
 
 
 etc. 
 
 1340 
 
 General. 
 
 1342 
 
 Reports to clients. 
 
 1344 
 
 Contracts and specifications. 
 
 1346 
 
 Estimates. Calculations of quantities and 
 
 
 costs. 
 
 
 Cf. 1402. 
 
 1348 
 
 Planting lists. 
 
 
 Cf. 1285. 
 
 1355 
 
 Superintendence of construction and main- 
 
 
 tenance. 
 
 
 Cf. 1400 +. 
 
 1356 
 
 Construction. 
 
 1357 
 
 Maintenance. 
 
 35 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Landscape construction and maintenance. 
 1400 General. 
 
 See also the subdivision Construction and maintenance 
 under Types of landscape designs, 4000 + . 
 
 1402 Cost of construction and maintenance. 
 
 Cf. 1:346. See also the subdivision Cost under Types of 
 landscape designs, 4000 + . 
 
 1403 Construction. 
 
 1404 Maintenance. 
 Construction. 
 
 (1405) (General). Prefer 1400. 
 
 1406 Tree cutting. Tree protection. 
 
 Cf. 2110, 3925. 
 
 1410 Clearing the ground. Removal of rubbish. 
 
 (1418) (Ditching and drainage.) See 3730 + . 
 
 (1420) (Pipe laying for storm water drainage, subsoil 
 
 drainage, sewer, water, gas.) See 3710. 
 (1426) (Conduit laying, for electricity.) See 3710. 
 
 (1429) (Pole line construction, spacing, bracing, clear- 
 
 ance, etc.) See 3718. 
 Grading and earthwork. 
 
 Cf. 3225+, 3608. 
 
 1431 
 
 General. 
 
 1432 
 
 Rough grading. 
 
 1433 
 
 Finished grading. 
 
 1434 
 
 Rock cut and fill. Rock excavation. Blasting. 
 
 (1436) 
 
 (Preparation of the soil for planting. Applica- 
 
 
 tion of fertilizers. Cultivation.) See 1853. 
 
 (1437) 
 
 (Planting.) See 1850 + . 
 
 (1440) 
 
 (Road construction.) See 3610. 
 
 (1445) 
 
 (Masonry construction and foundations. Mas- 
 
 
 sonry walls, etc. Shore protection.) See 
 
 
 3000?»3-6, 3250 + . 
 
 (1450) 
 
 (Wooden construction. Wooden fences, etc.) 
 
 
 See 3000rol. 
 
 1460 
 
 Protection of work from damage. 
 
 
 Cf. 1406. 
 
 1464 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Maintenance. 
 
 1465 
 
 General. 
 
 1466 
 
 General special. 
 
 
 36 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Landscape construction and maintenance 
 (continued) . 
 
 1470 Maintenance of special elements. 
 
 1471 Ground forms. 
 
 1472 Water shores. 
 
 1475 Plants. 
 
 Cf. 1S70. 
 
 1476 Tree areas. 
 
 1477 Shrub areas. 
 
 1478 Flower beds. 
 
 1479 Lawns. 
 
 1480 Structures. 
 
 1481 Buildings and minor structures. 
 1483 Roads, paths, etc. 
 
 Maintenance of special types of landscape de- 
 signs, according to use. 
 1485 General. 
 
 (1490) (Special types.) See the special Types, e.g., 
 
 Estates, etc. 
 (1495) (Management. Estate management. Farm 
 
 management, etc.) See the special Types, 
 e. g., Estate management, Farm manage- 
 ment, Park administration, etc. 
 
 Elements and materials in landscape and land- 
 scape DESIGN. 
 1500 General. Collective. 
 1540 Atmosphere, sky, clouds, etc. 
 
 Cf. 1156. 
 
 1550 Sky, clouds, etc. 
 
 Ground forms. Natural forms of ground, 
 rock, and water. 
 1600 General. 
 
 1602 General special. 
 
 1605 Design. 
 
 For Ground forms as motiving planting and structures, 
 prefer 1836, 3050. 
 
 1608 Economic considerations. 
 
 1610 Composition. (Esthetic.) 
 
 1625 Character of ground forms. 
 
 Cf. 1050, Landscape character. 
 
 37 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Ground forms, rock, water (continued). 
 1640 Geologic origin of ground forms. Geology, 
 
 etc. 
 
 Cf. 1852.1. For construction, cf. 1431 +, 3225 + . 
 
 1650 Special forms and units, according to nat- 
 
 ural CHARACTER. 
 Waterbodies and their shores. 
 1655 General. 
 
 1658 General special. 
 
 1660 Water in landscape. 
 
 Compositional value, reflections, etc. 
 
 1665 Shore protection. 
 
 Cf. 3250 + . 
 
 1670 Sea and seashore. 
 
 Cf. 6205 +, 6655. . 
 
 1680 Lakes, ponds, and their shores. 
 
 Cf. 6210+, 6660. 
 
 1684 Lakes. 
 
 1686 Ponds. 
 
 1690 Streams and stream banks. 
 
 Cf. 6215 + , 6665. 
 
 1692 Rivers. 
 
 1693 Naturalistic canals. 
 
 1694 Brooks. 
 1696 Waterfalls. 
 
 Cf. 3450,Cascades (artificial). 
 
 1700 Types of shores. 
 
 1701 Shore outlines. Bays, promontories, etc. 
 
 1702 Beaches. 
 
 1703 Sand. 
 
 Cf. 6631. 
 
 1704 Gravel. Shingle. 
 
 1705 Boulder. 
 
 1707 Rock and cliff shores. 
 
 1709 Marshy, sedgy shores. 
 
 1710 Islands. 
 1720 Marshes. 
 
 1724 Salt. Tidal marshes. 
 
 1726 Fresh. 
 
 38 
 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 
 Ground forms, rock, water (continued). 
 
 1740 Plains. Plateaus. 
 
 1750 Valleys. 
 
 1760 Hills and mountains. 
 
 Cf. 6230 + . 
 
 1764 
 
 Hills. 
 
 1765 
 
 Sand dunes. 
 
 1766 
 
 Mountains. 
 
 
 Rocks. Rocky cliffs, ledges, caves, etc 
 
 1770 
 
 General. 
 
 1771 
 
 Boulders. 
 
 1772 
 
 Rock outcrop. 
 
 1773 
 
 Ledges. 
 
 1774 
 
 Cliffs. 
 
 1775 
 
 Artificial rockwork. 
 
 1780 
 
 Naturalistic banks and slopes. 
 
 
 Cf. 3225+, 3608. 
 
 1782 
 
 Boulder banks. 
 
 1784 
 
 Earth slopes. 
 
 1785 
 
 Minor modulations of ground surface. 
 
 1790 
 
 Other. 
 
 Plants. Vegetation. 
 
 For convenience in a minute classification of information 
 relating to plants, the sections on Trees, Shrubs, and Her- 
 baceous plants have been constructed to correspond as far 
 as possible to the topics used under Plants, three hundred 
 numbers having been assigned to each section, and the last 
 two figures of the Classification numbers in nearly all 
 cases being the same for the same topic as applied either 
 to Plants or to Trees, etc.; c. g., 1824, Mixed border plan- 
 tations, 2424, Shrub borders; 1905, 2205, 2505, 2805, 
 Foliage. If a less minute classification is desired, the user 
 may discard many of the subtopics under Trees, Shrubs, 
 etc., and concentrate his descriptive material in 1875-2069. 
 Cross references have not been given in the text for these 
 repeated descriptive topics. See Index under Plants. 
 
 Outline of subdivisions as applied to Plants in gen- 
 eral, AND SIMILARLY TO TREES, SHRUBS AND 
 
 Herbaceous plants. 
 General. 
 
 Design. Planting design. Plantations. 
 Planting and culture. 
 
 Description. Plants as materials of landscape design. 
 General. Collective. 
 
 (Plants) of special countries. Geographical arrange- 
 ment. 
 Systematic arrangement, according to Bailey's Cy- 
 clopedia of Horticulture (Decimal subdivisions). 
 
 39 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ..." in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants. Vegetation (continued). 
 
 Special groups (e. g., Vines, Bulbs, etc.)- Use espe- 
 cially for herbaceous plants, both grouped and 
 monographs, preferring systematic arrangement 
 for trees and shrubs, including monographs, un- 
 less particularly otherwise grouped. 
 
 According to characteristics (form, color, etc.). 
 
 According to fitness for certain environments and 
 requirements. 
 
 According to fitness for certain uses. 
 
 1800 General. 
 
 Including dictionaries, such as Bailey's Cyclopedia of 
 Horticulture. 
 
 Design. Planting design. Plantations. 
 
 1805 General. 
 
 1806 Theory of planting design. 
 
 1808 Economic considerations. 
 
 Cf. 2030 + . 
 
 1810 Composition. (Esthetic.) 
 
 1816 Style and character in planting design. 
 
 1818 Formal. 
 
 1819 Naturalistic. 
 
 1820 Examples of plantations. 
 
 Composed of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, 
 or any mixed plantations not to be classified under 
 trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants. 
 
 1821 Plantations of specimens. 
 
 Cf. 2121, 2421. 
 
 1822 Topiary work. 
 
 1823 Tree and shrub groups. Clumps. 
 
 Cf. 2123, 2423. 
 
 1824 Border plantations. Boundary planta- 
 
 tions. Inclosing plantations. 
 Cf. 2124, 2424, 2724. 
 
 1825 Screen plantations. 
 
 1827 Hedges, hedgerows, edgings, etc. 
 
 General. Cf. 2127, 2427, 2727. 
 
 1834 Plantations in relation to other elements. 
 
 Including seasonal effects in plantations. The 
 subdivisions suggested here may be used; or, for 
 very exact classification, the numbers 1835 and 
 1840 may be followed by c and the classification 
 number of the element as it appears in the 
 full scheme, e. g., Planting in relation to fences, 
 1840c3340. 
 
 40 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Planting design (continued). 
 
 Plantations in relation to : (continued) . 
 
 1835 Ground forms, including water. Plant- 
 
 ing in relation to topography. 
 
 1836 Ground forms. Hills, valleys, slopes, 
 
 etc. 
 
 1838 Water. Shore planting. Waterside 
 
 planting. Water planting. 
 
 Cf. 1996 and 1997, 4354, 4442. 
 
 1839 Seashore planting. 
 
 Cf. 2000, 2011, etc., 4355. 
 
 1840 Structures. 
 
 1841 Buildings. 
 
 1843 Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. 
 
 1845 Minor accessory structures. 
 
 1847 Bridges. 
 
 1848 Roads, paths. Roadside planting. 
 (1849) (Planting of types of landscape designs.) 
 
 With cross-classification by type. In general, it is 
 better to put planting design of Gardens with Gar- 
 dens — Design; of Estates, with Estates — Design, 
 etc. 
 
 Planting and culture. Horticulture. 
 
 Cf. Library of Coneress Class SB. 
 
 1850 
 
 General. 
 
 Plant environment. 
 
 
 1851 
 
 General. 
 
 
 1851.1 
 
 Climate. 
 
 
 
 Latitude, altitude, humidity, rainfall, 
 
 sun and 
 
 
 shade, winds, temperature. 
 
 
 1851.5 
 
 Planting seasons. 
 Soil. 
 
 
 1852 
 
 General. 
 
 
 1852.1 
 
 Origin. Geology. 
 Cf. 1640. 
 
 
 1852.2 
 
 Character. Analysis. 
 
 
 1852.3 
 
 Physical. 
 
 
 1852.4 
 
 Chemical. 
 
 
 1852.5 
 
 Soil bacteria. 
 
 
 1852.6 
 
 Soil for special crops. 
 
 
 1852.7 
 
 Soil surveys. 
 41 
 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements 
 
 ... IN LANDSCAPE . . . (contifll 
 
 1853 
 
 Plant 
 
 culture {continued). 
 Methods of soil improvement. 
 
 1853.1 
 
 
 Fertilizers. 
 
 1853.2 
 
 
 Manures. 
 
 1853.3 
 
 
 Chemicals. 
 
 1853.4 
 
 
 Compost. 
 
 1853.5 
 
 
 Green manures. 
 
 1853.6 
 
 
 Cultivation and tillage. 
 
 1853.7 
 
 
 Preparation for special crops 
 
 1853.8 
 
 
 Rotation of crops. 
 
 1854 
 
 
 Drainage and sub-irrigation. 
 
 Cf. 3745-3753. 
 
 
 1854.1 Watering. Irrigation. Sprinkling. 
 
 Lawn sprinkling. 
 Plant origin and growth. 
 1855 General. 
 
 Character and manner. Cf. 1933, etc. 
 
 1855.2 Pollination. 
 
 1855.3 Seed dispersal. 
 
 1855.4 Germination. 
 Horticultural processes. 
 
 1860 General. 
 
 1860.1 Propagation. Seedage, division, layering, 
 
 cutting, grafting, budding, etc. 
 
 1860.2 Hybridization and selection. Plant breed- 
 
 ing. 
 
 1861 Planting and transplanting. Tree moving. 
 
 1862 Pruning and training, staking. 
 
 1862.1 Acclimatization. Plant introduction. 
 
 1862.2 Digging and packing. Cold storage. Ship- 
 
 ment and handling. 
 
 1862.3 Protection. Winter protection. 
 
 1863 Tree repair. Mechanical injuries. 
 
 Cf. 2020, etc. 
 
 1864 Greenhouses, hot beds and cold frames, 
 
 pits. Forcing. 
 
 Cf. 3140, 3145. 
 42 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plant culture (continued). 
 Plant diseases and pests. 
 1865 General. 
 
 Including diseases and pests of Trees, Shrubs, Her- 
 baceous plants, Vegetable gardens, etc. Cf. 2020 +, etc. 
 
 Control. 
 
 1865.1 
 
 Preventives and remedies. G 
 
 1865.4 
 
 Plant quarantine. 
 
 
 Diseases. 
 
 1866 
 
 General. 
 
 1866.1 
 
 Special types. 
 
 1866.2 
 
 Fungous. 
 
 
 Cf. 2022, etc. 
 
 1866.3 
 
 Surface. 
 
 1866.4 
 
 Internal. 
 
 1866.5 
 
 Physiological. 
 
 1866.8 
 
 Preventives and remedies. 
 
 
 Pests. Insect pests. 
 
 1867 
 
 General. 
 
 
 Cf. 2021, etc. 
 
 1867.1 
 
 Susceptibility. Immunity. 
 
 1867.2 
 
 Special types of insect pests 
 
 1867.3 
 
 Leaf eaters. 
 
 1867.4 
 
 Sap suckers. 
 
 1867.5 
 
 Scales. 
 
 1867.6 
 
 Borers. 
 
 1867.7 
 
 Galls. 
 
 1867.8 
 
 Other. 
 
 1867.9 
 
 Other types of pests. 
 
 
 E. g., mice, etc. 
 
 1868 
 
 Preventives and remedies. 
 
 1868.1 
 
 Methods. 
 
 
 Spraying, etc. 
 
 1868.2 
 
 Machinery and materials, 
 
 1868.3 
 
 Parasites. 
 
 1870 
 
 Plantations: development, main 
 
 Control. 
 
 Control. 
 
 General only. For care of special planta- 
 tions, see the names of the plantations, 
 e.g., Lawns; Gardens, Rock; etc. 
 
 Cf. 1475. 
 43 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plant culture (continued). 
 
 1871 Nurseries. 
 
 Horticultural tools and implements. Equip- 
 ment. 
 
 1872 General. 
 
 1872.1 For special purposes. 
 
 1872.2 Tillage. 
 
 1872.3 Cultivation and maintenance. 
 
 Including lawn mowers, pruning tools, etc. 
 
 1872.4 Transportation. 
 1872.9 Other. 
 
 1873 Plant labels. 
 
 (1874) (Plant names. Plant nomenclature.) See 
 
 1876. 
 
 Description. Plants as materials of land- 
 scape AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN. 
 
 1875 General. Collective. 
 
 1876 Plant names. Plant nomenclature. Codes 
 
 of plant names. 
 
 Discussions of form of plant names, etc. 
 
 1877 Plants of special countries, states, cities, lo- 
 
 calities. Geographical arrangement. 
 
 Use Geographical Table with g. 
 
 1878 Systematic arrangement, according to Bai- 
 
 ley's Cyclopedia of Horticulture. 
 
 Use as decimals. 
 
 1880 Special groups. 
 
 1885 Vines. Climbers. Creepers. 
 
 1890 Association groups. 
 
 Put here plants grouped from points of view not 
 classifiable elsewhere, e. g., plants mentioned by 
 Shakespeare, plants of the colonial garden, plants 
 associated with persons, etc. 
 
 1895 Plant curiosities. " Freak " plants. 
 
 1900 According to characteristics. 
 
 1902 Tabulations and plant lists. " Planting 
 
 tables." 
 1905 Foliage. 
 
 Including " foliage plants." 
 44 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plant description (continued). 
 
 According to characteristics (continued). 
 
 1900 
 
 Persistence. 
 
 
 1907 
 
 Evergreen. 
 
 Evergreens. 
 
 
 1908 
 
 Narrow-leaved. 
 
 
 1909 
 
 Broad-leaved. 
 
 
 1910 
 
 Deciduous. 
 
 
 1914 
 1916 
 
 Form of leaves. 
 Texture. 
 
 E. g., shiny, rough. 
 
 
 1917 
 
 Color. 
 
 
 1918 
 
 Seasonal color. 
 
 Subdivide if desired with abbreviations 
 Su., A., W. See note under 1157. 
 
 Sp., 
 
 1920 Flower. 
 
 Including Flowering plants. If further subdivision is 
 necessary, the four succeeding numbers may be used 
 respectively for Form, Color, Time of bloom, Scent. 
 
 1925 Fruit. 
 
 If further subdivision is necessary, the four succeed- 
 ing numbers may be used respectively for Form, 
 Color, Time of maturing, Edibility. 
 
 1930 
 
 Bark. 
 
 1933 
 
 Rate of growth. 
 
 1935 
 
 Form. Size. Shape. Habit of grow 
 
 1937 
 
 Natural. 
 
 1838 
 
 Special shapes. 
 
 
 Pyramidal, spherical, etc. 
 
 (1947) 
 
 (Vines, climbers.) See 1885. 
 
 1954 
 
 Modified. 
 
 (1955) 
 
 (Topiary work.) See 1822. 
 
 1960 
 
 Texture. 
 
 
 Form and arrangement of leaves. Cf. 1905 + . 
 
 1965 Color. 
 
 General only. For color of foliage, flower, etc., see 
 1917, 1920 + , 1925+. 
 
 1970 Scent. 
 
 Scented plants. Cf. note under 1920. 
 
 1975 Seasonal appearance. 
 
 Cf. 1918. 
 
 45 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 
 
 Plant description (continued). 
 
 
 Seasonal appearance (continued). 
 
 1976 
 
 Spring. 
 
 1977 
 
 Summer. 
 
 1978 
 
 Autumn. 
 
 1979 
 
 Winter. 
 
 1980 
 
 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
 
 
 environments and requirements. 
 
 1981 
 
 Climate. Temperature. 
 
 1982 
 
 Tropical. 
 
 1983 
 
 Subtropical. 
 
 1984 
 
 Temperate. 
 
 1985 
 
 Arctic. 
 
 1986 
 
 Sun and shade. 
 
 1987 
 
 Sun. 
 
 1988 
 
 Shade. 
 
 1990 
 
 Soil and physical conditions. 
 
 1991 
 
 Moisture contents. 
 
 1992 
 
 Arid and desert. 
 
 1993 
 
 Irrigated. 
 
 1994 
 
 Dry sunny fields. 
 
 1994.5 
 
 Dry woods. 
 
 1995 
 
 Rich moist woods. 
 
 1996 
 
 Bog and marsh. Stagnant or springy. 
 
 1997 
 
 Aquatic. Running or still water. 
 
 
 Cf. 2792. 
 
 1998 
 
 Physical conditions. 
 
 1999 
 
 Sand. 
 
 2000 
 
 Sea beach. 
 
 
 Cf. 2011. 
 
 2001 
 
 Heavy clay. 
 
 2002 
 
 Intensive cultivation. 
 
 2003 
 
 Alpine. 
 
 2003.1 
 
 Prairie. 
 
 2004 
 
 Chemical characteristics. 
 
 2005 
 
 Acid. 
 
 2006 
 
 Alkaline. 
 
 2007 
 
 Humous. 
 
 2008 
 
 Limestone. 
 
 
 46 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 2009 
 2010 
 2011 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plant description (continued '). 
 According to . . . environments . . . (continued). 
 Volcanic. 
 Exposure. 
 Salt spray. 
 
 Cf. 2000. 
 
 2013 
 2015 
 2020 
 
 Wind. 
 Air. Dust. Smoke. Gases. 
 Relation to disease, injury, insect and 
 
 fungous attack. 
 
 Cf. 1865 + . 
 
 2021 
 2022 
 2030 
 
 2035 
 
 Insect. 
 Fungous. 
 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
 uses. 
 Specimens. 
 
 Cf. 1821, 2121, 2421. 
 
 2038 
 2040 
 
 Tub plants. Pot plants for ornamental 
 
 outdoor use. 
 Window box plants. 
 
 Cf. 2795. 
 
 2042 
 
 Greenhouse and house plants. 
 Cf. 2796. 
 
 2045 
 
 Plants suitable for street planting. 
 Cf. 2345. 
 
 2048 
 
 Plants suitable for naturalizing. 
 Cf. 2789, 4439. 
 
 2050 
 
 Ground cover. Soil binders. 
 
 Cf. 2350, 2650, 2950. 
 
 2055 
 
 Hedges and windbreaks. 
 
 Cf. 1824 +, 2124 + ,2424 + . 
 
 2057 
 
 Industrial crops. 
 E. g., basket willows. 
 
 2059 
 
 Bird-attracting plants. 
 Cf. 1925, etc. 
 
 2060 
 
 Bee-attracting plants. 
 
 Cf. 1920, etc. 
 
 2067 
 
 Medicinal plants. 
 47 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plant description (continued). 
 According to . . . uses (continued) . 
 20G9 Plant nuisances. Poisonous plants. Dan- 
 
 gerous plants. 
 
 Cf. 2969. 
 
 Trees. 
 2100 General 
 
 
 In classifying photographs of trees for ready reference 
 when making drawings of Trees, it may be found useful 
 to insert the following topics: 
 
 2101 — Nearby foliage and foliage details. 
 2101.5 — Flower details. 
 
 2102 — Trunks. 
 
 2103 — Distant Trees. 
 
 Design. Arrangement of trees. Tree plan- 
 tations. 
 2105 General. 
 
 2110 General special. 
 
 E. g., thinning, effect of grazing line, effects from use 
 of large trees moved in, etc. 
 
 2120 Examples of tree plantations. 
 
 2121 Specimen trees. 
 
 Cf. 1821. 
 
 (2122) (Topiary work.) See 1822. 
 
 2123 Tree groups. Clumps. 
 
 Cf. 1823. 
 
 2124 Border and screen plantations of trees. 
 
 Cf. 1824. 
 
 2127 
 
 Hedges. 
 
 
 Cf. 1827 
 
 2130 
 
 Allees. Avenues of trees. 
 
 2131 
 
 Clipped. 
 
 2133 
 
 Pleached alleys. 
 
 2135 
 
 Espalier trees. Trained fruit trees. 
 
 2140 
 
 Orchards. 
 
 2145 
 
 Woodlands. Bosquets. Wood interiors 
 
 
 For naturalistic woodlands prefer 3925. 
 
 2150 
 
 Planting and culture. Arboriculture. 
 
 
 Cf. 1850, Horticulture. 
 
 
 Description. 
 
 2175 
 
 General. Collective. 
 
 
 48 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 Trees (continued). 
 
 2177 Trees of special countries. Geographical 
 
 arrangement. 
 
 See note under 1877. 
 
 2178 Systematic arrangement, according to 
 
 Bailey. 
 
 Let attract. Put monographs here. 
 
 (2180) (Special groups). 
 
 2200 According to characteristics. 
 
 2202 Tabulations and lists of trees. " Plant- 
 
 ing tables." 
 2205 Foliage. 
 
 Put here discussions of characteristic shade- 
 casting qualities. 
 
 2206 
 
 Persistence of leaves. 
 
 2207 
 
 Evergreen. 
 
 2208 
 
 Narrow-leaved. Evergreen coni- 
 
 
 fers. 
 
 2209 
 
 Broad-leaved. 
 
 2210 
 
 Deciduous. 
 
 2214 
 
 Form of leaves. 
 
 2216 
 
 Texture. 
 
 2217 
 
 Color. 
 
 2218 
 
 Seasonal color. 
 
 
 See note under 1918. 
 
 2220 
 
 Flower. 
 
 
 See note under 1920. 
 
 2225 Fruit. 
 
 General discussions of fruit trees may go here. 
 See also note under 1925. 
 
 2230 
 
 Bark. 
 
 2233 
 
 Rate of growth. 
 
 2235 
 
 Size. Height. 
 
 2236 
 
 Form. Shape. Habit. 
 
 2260 
 
 Texture (form and arrangement of leaves) 
 
 
 Cf. 2205 + . 
 
 2265 
 
 Color. 
 
 
 In distance. Color effect. Cf, 2217. 
 
 
 49 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 Trees (continued). 
 
 2270 
 
 Scent. 
 
 2275 
 
 Seasonal appearance. 
 
 
 Cf. 2218. 
 
 2276 
 
 Spring. 
 
 2277 
 
 Summer. 
 
 2278 
 
 Autumn. 
 
 2279 
 
 Winter. 
 
 2280 
 
 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
 
 
 environments and requirements. 
 
 2281 
 
 Climate. Temperature. 
 
 
 Use same subdivisions as 1981 +. 
 
 2285 
 
 Sun and shade. 
 
 2290 
 
 Soil and physical conditions. 
 
 
 Use same subdivisions as 1990-2009. 
 
 2291 
 
 Moisture contents. 
 
 2298 
 
 Physical conditions. 
 
 2304 
 
 Chemical characteristics. 
 
 2310 
 
 Exposure. 
 
 2311 
 
 Salt spray. 
 
 2313 
 
 Wind. 
 
 2315 
 
 Air. Dust. Smoke. Gases. 
 
 2320 
 
 Relation to disease, injury, insect and 
 
 
 fungous attack. 
 
 
 Cf. 1865 + . 
 
 2321 
 
 Insect. 
 
 2322 
 
 Fungous. 
 
 2330 
 
 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
 
 
 uses. 
 
 
 Trees for uses not covered above. 
 
 (2335) 
 
 (Specimens.) See 2121. 
 
 (2338) 
 
 (Tub trees.) See 2038. 
 
 2340 
 
 Shade trees. 
 
 2345 
 
 Street trees. 
 
 Cf. NAC 4885. 
 
 2350 Forest trees. 
 
 Cf. 6126 +, and Library of Congress Class SD. 
 50 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 
 Shrubs, including shrubby vines and arbores- 
 cent plants. 
 2400 General. Collective. 
 
 Design. Arrangement of shrubs. Shrub 
 plantations. 
 
 2405 
 2410 
 2420 
 2421 
 
 General. 
 
 General special. 
 
 Examples of shrub plantations. 
 
 " Specimen " shrubs. 
 Cf. 1821. 
 
 (2422) 
 2423 
 
 (Topiary.) See 1822. 
 
 Shrub groups. Clumps. Shrub beds. 
 
 Cf. 1823. 
 
 2424 
 
 Border plantations. 
 
 Cf. 1824. 
 
 2427 
 
 Hedges. 
 
 Cf. 1827. 
 
 2429 
 
 Edgings. 
 
 Cf. 1829. 
 
 (2450) 
 
 2475 
 
 2477 
 
 (Planting and culture.) See 1850, 2150. 
 Description. 
 
 General. 
 
 Shrubs of special countries. Geographical 
 arrangement. 
 
 See note under 1877. 
 
 2478 
 
 Systematic arrangement, according to 
 Bailey. 
 
 Put monographs here. 
 
 (2480) 
 2485 
 
 (Special groups.) 
 Shrubby vines. 
 
 Cf. 1885. 
 
 2486 
 
 Garden roses. 
 
 Cf. 4418. 
 
 2500 
 2502 
 
 According to characteristics. 
 Tabulations and lists of shrubs." Plant- 
 ing tables." 
 
 
 51 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 Shrubs (continued). 
 
 2505 Foliage. 
 
 2506 Persistence of leaves. 
 
 2507 Evergreen. 
 
 2508 Narrow-leaved. Conifers. 
 
 2509 Broad-leaved. 
 
 2510 Deciduous. 
 2514 Form of leaves. 
 
 2516 Texture. 
 
 2517 Color. 
 
 2518 Seasonal foliage. 
 
 See note under 1918. 
 
 2520 Flower. 
 
 See note under 1920. 
 
 2525 Fruit. 
 
 See note under 1925. 
 
 2530 Bark. 
 
 2533 Rate of growth. 
 
 2535 Size. Height. 
 
 2536 Form. Shape. Habit. 
 (2547) (Vines.) See 2485. 
 
 2560 Texture. (Form and arrangement of 
 
 leaves.) 
 Cf. 2505 + . 
 
 2565 Color. 
 
 Cf. 2517. 
 
 2570 Scent. 
 
 2575 Seasonal appearance. 
 
 Cf. 2518. 
 
 2576 Spring. 
 
 2577 Summer. 
 
 2578 Autumn. 
 
 2579 Winter. 
 
 2580 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
 
 environments and requirements. 
 
 2581 Climate. Temperature. 
 
 Use same subdivisions as 1981 +. 
 
 52 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 Shrubs (continued). 
 According to . . . environments (continued). 
 
 2585 
 
 Sun and shade. 
 
 2590 
 
 Soil and physical conditions. 
 
 Use same subdivisions as 1990-200!). 
 
 2591 
 
 Moisture contents. 
 
 2598 
 2604 
 
 Physical conditions. 
 Chemical characteristics. 
 
 2610 
 2611 
 2613 
 
 Exposure. 
 Salt spray. 
 Wind. 
 
 2615 
 
 Air. Dust. Smoke. Gases. 
 
 2620 
 
 Relation to disease, injury, insect and 
 
 
 fungous attack. 
 Cf. 1865+. 
 
 2621 
 
 Insect. 
 
 2622 
 
 Fungous. 
 
 2630 
 
 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
 
 
 uses. 
 
 Shrubs for uses not covered above. 
 
 2635 
 
 (2638) 
 
 2650 
 
 (" Specimens.") See 2421. 
 (Tub plants.) See 2038. 
 Ground cover. 
 
 Herbaceous plants, including herbaceous 
 vines. 
 2700 General. 
 
 Design. Arrangement of herbaceous plants. 
 Herbaceous plantations. 
 2705 General. 
 
 2710 General special. 
 
 2720 Examples of herbaceous plantations. 
 
 Use 2720 for two or more of the topics given 
 below, e. g., Herbaceous beds and borders. 
 
 2724 Borders. Herbaceous borders. 
 
 Cf. 1824. 
 
 2729 Edgings. 
 
 Cf. 1829. 
 
 53 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 
 Herbaceous plants (continued). 
 
 Examples of herbaceous plantations (cont.). 
 2731 Flower beds. Herbaceous beds. 
 
 2733 Carpet beds. Carpet bedding. 
 
 Cf. 3217. 
 
 2735 Lawns. 
 
 Term used here in sense of design-unit, — area 
 covered with turf. Cf. 2788. 
 
 2736 Turf panels. 
 
 (2741) (Wild gardens.) See 2789 or 4439, ex- 
 
 cept for photographs. 
 
 2750 Planting and culture. Floriculture. 
 
 Cf. 1850. 
 
 Description. 
 2775 General. 
 
 2777 Plants of special countries. Geographical 
 
 arrangement. 
 
 See note under 1877. 
 
 (2778) (Systematic arrangement, according to 
 
 Bailey.) 
 
 2780 Special groups. 
 
 Put monographs here, alphabetically under each 
 group. For Gardens composed of special groups 
 of herbaceous plants, see 4430 + . 
 
 2781 Annuals. 
 
 Cf. 4431. 
 
 2782 Biennials. 
 
 2783 Perennials. Border Perennials. Peren- 
 
 nials not otherwise included, etc. 
 Cf. 4433. 
 
 2785 Herbaceous vines. 
 
 Cf. 1885. 
 
 2787 Bulbs. 
 
 Including lilium, gladiolus, dahlia, etc. Cf. 4437. 
 
 2788 Grasses. 
 
 Including lawn grasses. 
 
 2789 ' Native and naturalized plants. 
 
 " Wild flowers," " wild gardening." Cf. 2048, 
 4439. 
 
 54 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 
 Herbaceous plants (continued). 
 Description (continued). 
 
 2790 
 
 Ferns. 
 
 2790.5 
 
 Mosses, lichens, etc. 
 
 2791 
 
 Rock and alpine plants, Wall plants. 
 
 
 Cf. 4441. 
 
 2792 
 
 Water plants. 
 
 
 Bog and marsh plants go in 2896. Cf. 4442. 
 
 2793 
 
 Cut-flower plants. 
 
 
 Cf. 4525. 
 
 2794 
 
 Bedding plants. 
 
 
 Cf. 2733, 4444. 
 
 2795 
 
 Window box plants. 
 
 
 Cf. 2040. 
 
 2796 
 
 Greenhouse (Hothouse) plants. 
 
 
 Cf. 2042. 
 
 2797 
 
 House plants. 
 
 
 Cf. 2042. 
 
 2798 
 
 Sweet herbs. 
 
 
 Cf. 2870, 4448. 
 
 2799 
 
 Vegetables, including decorative use. 
 
 
 Let 4525, Vegetable gardens, attract. 
 
 2800 
 
 According to characteristics. 
 
 2802 
 
 Tabulations and lists of herbaceous 
 
 
 plants. Plant lists. " Planting tables." 
 
 2805 
 
 Foliage. 
 
 2814 
 
 Form. 
 
 2816 
 
 Texture. 
 
 2817 
 
 Color. 
 
 2820 
 
 Flower. 
 
 2821 
 
 Form. 
 
 2822 
 
 Color. 
 
 2823 
 
 Time of bloom. 
 
 2824 
 
 Scent. 
 
 2833 
 
 Rate of growth. 
 
 2835 
 
 Size. Height. Form. Shape. Habit. 
 
 (2847) 
 
 (Vines.) See 2785. 
 
 
 55 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 
 Herbaceous plants (continued.) 
 Description (continued) . 
 2860 Texture. (Form and arrangement of 
 
 flowers and leaves.) 
 
 Cf. 2805 + . 
 
 2865 Color. 
 
 Cf. 2814, 2821. 
 
 2870 Scent. 
 
 Cf. 2824. 
 
 2875 Seasonal appearance. 
 
 2876 Spring. 
 
 2877 Summer. 
 
 2878 Autumn. 
 
 2879 Winter (for southern climates). 
 
 2880 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
 
 environments and requirements. 
 
 2881 Climate. Temperature. 
 
 Use same subdivisions as 1981 +. 
 
 2886 
 
 Sun and shade. 
 
 2890 
 
 Soil. 
 
 
 Use same subdivisions as 1990-2009. 
 
 2891 
 
 Moisture contents. 
 
 
 For bog gardens, cf. 4443. 
 
 2898 
 
 Physical conditions. 
 
 2904 
 
 Chemical characteristics. 
 
 2910 
 
 Exposure. 
 
 2911 
 
 Salt spray. 
 
 2913 
 
 Wind. 
 
 2915 
 
 Air. Dust. Smoke. Gases. 
 
 2920 
 
 Relation to disease, injury, insect and 
 
 
 fungous attack. 
 
 
 Cf. 1865 + . 
 
 2921 
 
 Insect. 
 
 2922 
 
 Fungous. 
 
 2930 
 
 According to fitness or unfitness for certain 
 
 
 uses. See also Special groups, 2780- 
 
 
 2799. 
 
 
 56 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Plants (continued). 
 
 Herbaceous plants (continued). 
 
 According to . . . uses (continued). 
 2950 Ground cover. 
 
 Cf. 2050. 
 
 2969 Weeds. 
 
 Cf. 2009. 
 
 Structures, in landscape. 
 3000 General. Collective. 
 
 Special materials of construction. 
 
 To be used in any subdivision of structures desired as 
 subarrangement with m. Note special adaptation of 
 this table for use under 3610, Roads, etc. For Earth, 
 see 1431 +, 1784, 3225+, and 3610ro8.5. 
 
 3000ml Wood. 
 
 ml.5 Rustic. 
 
 ml. 8 Thatch. 
 
 ml Stucco on wood or metal lath or brick or tile. 
 
 mZ Masonry. 
 
 mA Brick. 
 
 mb Stone. 
 
 ra6 Concrete. Cement concrete. Reinforced 
 
 concrete. 
 ml Terra cotta. Pottery. Tiles. Tesselated 
 
 work. Mosaic. 
 
 Bronzework. 
 
 mS 
 
 Metal. Ironwork. Leadwork. 
 
 m\) 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Combinations, etc. Turf. 
 
 3005 
 
 Design. 
 
 3008 
 
 Economic considerations. 
 
 3010 
 
 Composition. (Esthetic.) 
 
 3025 
 
 Styles and character. 
 
 3040 
 
 Construction and maintenance 
 
 Buildings for residence and other major 
 
 USES. 
 
 3050 General. 
 
 Buildings in landscape compositions. Considerations 
 of site. Adaptation to topography, etc. 
 
 3054 Building groups. 
 
 3054.5 Residential building groups. 
 
 57 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Structures (contimied) . 
 3055 Special buildings. 
 
 Cf. Library of Congress Class NA, Architecture. 
 In general, buildings will be adequately cared for by 
 Type of landscape designs, according to use, 4000 + , 
 where they appear in connection with their grounds, 
 or as general illustrations of Location, Adaptation 
 to topography, etc. The quantity of material on 
 " The House " makes it worth while here to assign 
 that topic a special number. 
 
 3060 
 
 Residences. Houses. 
 
 Cf. 4905.1 
 
 House location 
 
 3062 
 
 Small houses. 
 
 
 3064 
 
 Suburban houses. 
 
 
 3066 
 
 Country houses. 
 
 
 3090 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Service buildings and other service struc- 
 tures. 
 
 Cf. 6036, etc., and N AC 3568, 3670 +. 
 
 3100 General. Collective. 
 
 3105 Farm buildings. 
 
 Stables and stable yards, barns and barnyards, 
 sheep-folds, piggeries, henhouses, ice-houses, etc. 
 
 3115 Dovecotes, bird-houses, etc. 
 
 Cf. 5765. 
 
 3117 
 
 Apiaries, beehives. 
 
 3120 
 
 Windmills, water-towers, etc. 
 
 3125 
 
 Gate-lodges. 
 
 3130 
 
 Garages and garage yards. 
 
 3132 
 
 Service yards. 
 
 3134 
 
 Laundry yards. 
 
 3138 
 
 Gardener's yards. Compost yards. 
 
 3140 
 
 Greenhouses. Plant windows. Conserva- 
 
 
 tories. Hothouses. Potting sheds. 
 
 
 Cf. 1864. 
 
 3145 
 
 Hot beds and cold frames. 
 
 
 Cf. 1864. 
 
 3149 
 
 Other. 
 
 Including public comfort stations in parks, etc. Cf. 
 6036. 
 
 58 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in Landscape . . . (continued). 
 3150 Pleasure buildings and other pleasure 
 
 structures. 
 3153 Outlook towers, gazebos, pagodas, etc. 
 
 3155 Pavilions, shelters, etc. 
 
 Including casini, tempietti, garden temples, tea houses, 
 " summer houses," garden houses, " ruins " in Ro- 
 mantic landscape designs, etc., etc. 
 
 3157 Playhouses. 
 
 3159 Bandstands. 
 
 3160 Pergolas, arbors, etc. 
 
 3164 Decorative colonnades, free-standing. 
 
 3170 Boat-houses. 
 
 3171 Boat-landings. 
 
 3172 Bath-houses. 
 
 Cf. 3449, 6532, 6637. 
 
 3180 Orangeries. Stanzoni. 
 
 3185 Grottoes. 
 
 3190 Mazes, labyrinths, etc. 
 
 3195 Garden theaters. 
 
 3198 Amphitheaters. Music courts. Outdoor 
 
 theaters. Stadiums. 
 
 3205 Tennis courts. 
 
 Cf. 6590. 
 
 3208 
 
 Croquet lawns. Roque courts. 
 Cf. 6592. 
 
 3211 
 
 Bowling greens. 
 
 Cf. 6592. 
 
 3212 
 
 Archery lawns. 
 Cf. 6592. 
 
 3217 
 
 Parterres. 
 
 
 Cf. 2733, 2734. 
 
 3219 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Terraces, embankments, and 
 
 
 SHORE TREATMENT. 
 
 3225 
 
 General. 
 
 
 Cf. 3331, 3631. 
 
 
 Terraces, etc. 
 
 3230 
 
 General. 
 
 3232 
 
 Terraces. 
 
 3234 
 
 House terraces. 
 
 
 59 
 
 STRUCTURAL 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Terraces, embankments, etc. (continued). ' 
 3240 Sunk panels. 
 
 3243 Mounts (as in Tudor gardens). 
 
 3245 Embankments. 
 
 Structural shore treatment. Shore embank- 
 ments. 
 Cf. 1665. 
 
 3250 General. 
 
 3255 Piling. Bulkheads, e'.c. 
 
 (3260) (Retaining walls.) See 3332. 
 
 3263 Groynes. 
 
 3265 Rip rap. 
 
 Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. 
 
 The subject Steps has been put here rather than with 
 Ways, since it has been found that most of the material 
 treats steps primarily as architectural structures. Pho- 
 tographs go much better here. Cf., however, (3648). 
 
 3300 
 
 General. 
 
 
 Special materials. 
 
 3300ml 
 
 Wood. 
 
 ml.2 
 
 Rail. 
 
 ml. 3 
 
 Lattice. Latticework. 
 
 
 Cf. 3430ml. 3. 
 
 ml. 5 
 
 Rustic. 
 
 m2 
 
 Stucco on lath. Stucco on brick or tile 
 
 m3 
 
 Masonry. Stone, brick, etc. 
 
 m6 
 
 Concrete. 
 
 ml 
 
 Terra cotta. 
 
 m8 
 
 Metal. 
 
 m9 
 
 Combinations. 
 
 3310 
 
 Special uses. 
 
 3311 
 
 Parapets. 
 
 
 Cf. 3315 + . 
 
 3314 
 
 Details. 
 
 3315 
 
 Balustrades. 
 
 3316 
 
 Railings. 
 
 3316.5 
 
 Grilles. 
 
 3317 
 
 Copings. 
 
 60 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. (continued). 
 
 3318 Posts and post-finials. 
 
 3319 Niches. 
 
 
 Walls. 
 
 
 Cf. 4441. 
 
 3320 
 
 General. 
 
 
 Special materials and constructions. 
 
 3320m2 
 
 Stucco on brick, tile, wire lath, etc 
 
 m4 
 
 Brick. 
 
 m5 
 
 Stone. 
 
 m6 
 
 Concrete. 
 
 m9 
 
 Combinations. 
 
 3330 
 
 Special uses. 
 
 3331 
 
 Retaining walls. 
 
 
 Cf. 3225 + . 
 
 3332 
 
 Sea walls. Shore protection reti 
 
 
 walls. 
 
 3335 
 
 Foundation walls. 
 
 
 Fences. 
 
 3340 
 
 General. 
 
 
 Special materials. 
 
 3340ml 
 
 Wood. 
 
 ml. 5 
 
 Rustic . 
 
 w8 
 
 Metal. 
 
 m8.2 
 
 Wire. 
 
 m9 
 
 Combinations. 
 
 
 Including garlands between posts, etc. 
 
 3345 
 
 Special uses. 
 
 3346 
 
 Sunk fences . ' ' Ha-has . ' ' 
 
 3348 
 
 Back stops, for tennis courts, etc. 
 
 
 Cf. 3205, 6590, etc. 
 
 
 Gates and gateways. 
 
 3350 
 
 General. 
 
 
 Special materials. 
 
 3350ml 
 
 Wood. 
 
 ml 
 
 Stucco on brick, lath, etc. 
 
 m3 
 
 Masonry. 
 
 m4 
 
 Brick. 
 
 
 61 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . {continued). 
 Walls, fences, gates, steps, etc. (continued). 
 Gates and gateways (continued). 
 Special materials (continued). 
 ra5 Stone. 
 
 mQ Concrete. 
 
 mS Metal. 
 
 to9 Combinations. 
 
 3360 Special uses. 
 
 3361 Entrance gates and gateways. 
 
 3362 Garden gates. 
 
 Cf. 3472. 
 
 Lych 
 
 3363 
 
 Covered gates and gateways 
 
 
 gates. 
 
 3370 
 
 Stiles. 
 
 3373 
 
 Turnstiles. 
 
 
 Steps, ramps, perrons, etc. 
 
 
 Cf. (3648). 
 
 3375 
 
 General. 
 
 3376 
 
 General special. 
 
 3377 
 
 Steps in relation to traffic. 
 
 
 Sizes, etc. 
 
 3378 
 
 Steps as architectural elements. 
 
 
 Special materials. 
 
 3380ml 
 
 Wood. 
 
 ?»4 
 
 Brick. 
 
 m5 
 
 Stone. 
 
 to6 
 
 Concrete. 
 
 m9 
 
 Combinations. Turf. 
 
 3390 
 
 Special forms of steps. 
 
 3393 
 
 Special forms of slope steps. Pen 
 
 3395 
 
 Special forms of ramps. 
 
 
 Cf. 3451, Water ramps. 
 
 
 Minor accessory structures. 
 
 3400 
 
 General. 
 
 3405 
 
 Primarily for service purposes. 
 
 Service 
 accessories. 
 
 Cf. 3700 + , subtopics: Details. 
 
 3418 Hitching posts, mounting blocks, etc. 
 
 62 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Minor accessory structures (continued). 
 Primarily for service purposes (continued). 
 3419 Drinking fountains, watering troughs. 
 
 Cf. (3447.1). 
 
 3420 
 
 Tree guards, tree gratings 
 
 3421 
 
 Lawn guards. 
 
 3424 
 
 Other. 
 
 Primarily for ornamental and pleasure 
 purposes. " Garden furniture." 
 3425 General. 
 
 For printed matter, let 3425 attract over 3000 even 
 if a book has a few pergolas and fences in it. 
 
 3428 General special. 
 
 Details of design, e. g.,- Pedestals. 
 
 3430 
 
 Special materials. 
 
 3430ml 
 
 Wood. 
 
 ml. 3 
 
 Lattices, trellises, treillage, etc. 
 
 ra3 
 
 Stone. Concrete. Terra cotta, etc 
 
 mi 
 
 Brick. 
 
 mh 
 
 Stone. 
 
 niQ 
 
 Concrete. 
 
 ml 
 
 Terra cotta. Pottery. 
 
 
 Garden pottery. 
 
 mS 
 
 Metal. 
 
 to9 
 
 Other. 
 
 3440 Monuments. 
 
 Commemorative structures which are not statuary, 
 fountains, etc., or collective material, including 
 statuary, etc. Cf. 5916. 
 
 Fountains, pools, basins, cascades, aque- 
 ducts. Architectural and sculptural 
 water features. " Ornamental water." 
 
 3445 General. 
 
 3446 Fountains. Water jets. 
 
 3447 Wall fountains. 
 
 (3447.1) (Drinking fountains.) See 3419. 
 
 63 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Minor accessory structures (continued). ' 
 Primarily for ornamental and pleasure 
 purposes (continued) . 
 Fountains, pools, basins, etc. (continued). 
 
 3448 Pools, basins, garden canals (if simply 
 
 elongated basins), " fish ponds," etc. 
 Cf. 1686. 
 
 3449 Swimming pools. 
 
 3450 Cascades. 
 
 Artificial. Cf. 1696. 
 
 3451 Water ramps. 
 
 3452 Garden aqueducts. 
 
 Monumental aqueducts would be classified under 
 Bridges, 3500 + . 
 
 3455 Well-heads. 
 
 3458 Bird-baths. 
 
 3460 Statuary, etc. 
 
 3461 Allegorical statuary. 
 
 3462 Human figures. 
 
 3463 Hermae. 
 
 3464 Animals. 
 
 3465 Urns, vases, etc., ornamental plant pots, 
 
 and boxes. 
 
 3466 For herbaceous plants. Flower pots and 
 
 boxes. Window boxes. 
 Cf 2040, 2795. 
 
 3467 For trees and shrubs. Tree boxes, pots, 
 
 etc. 
 
 C. 2038. 
 
 3468 Lanterns. 
 
 E. g., Japanese. 
 
 3469 Gazing globes. 
 
 3470 Sundials. 
 3472 Garden arches. 
 
 (3475) (Trellises, treillage, decorative lattice work.) 
 
 See 3430ml. 3. 
 3480 Outdoor seats, tables, etc. 
 
 Cf. 6037, etc. 
 
 3482 Seats, benches, etc. 
 
 3484 Exedrae. 
 
 3486 Tables, etc. 
 
 64 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 
 3490 Canals, Moats, etc. 
 
 3491 Canals. 
 
 Cf. Naturalistic canals classified under Rivers, 1693, 
 and Garden canals, 3448, 3452. 
 
 3492 
 
 Moats. 
 
 3495 
 
 Dams. 
 
 
 Bridges. 
 
 3500 
 
 General. 
 
 
 Special materials. 
 
 3500wl 
 
 Wood. 
 
 ml. 5 
 
 Rustic. 
 
 mZ 
 
 Masonry, etc. 
 
 m4k 
 
 Brick. 
 
 mb 
 
 Stone. 
 
 w6 
 
 Concrete. Reinforced concrete. 
 
 m8 
 
 Metal. 
 
 m9 
 
 Combinations. 
 
 3505 
 
 Design. 
 
 3510 
 
 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 3515 
 
 Special forms. 
 
 Following Library of Congress Classification, 
 subtopics occur as follows : — 
 
 3516 
 3517 
 
 3518 
 3519 
 
 3520 
 3521 
 3522 
 3523 
 
 3524 
 
 Arches and arched bridges. 
 
 Beams and girders. 
 
 Trestles. 
 
 Trussed bridges. 
 
 Cantilever. 
 
 Tubular. 
 
 Suspension. 
 
 Draw. 
 
 Other. 
 
 3525 
 
 Special uses. 
 
 3526 
 
 Road. 
 
 3527 
 
 Foot. 
 
 3529 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 3534 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Tunnels. 
 
 3550 
 
 General. 
 
 3556 
 
 Road tunnels. 
 
 3557 
 
 Foot. 
 
 3559 
 
 Railroad. 
 
 3564 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 65 
 
 where 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . {continued). 
 Roads, paths, etc. Ways. 
 
 Cf. NAC 2050 +, and Library of Congress Class TE. 
 
 3600 General. 
 
 3601 General special. 
 Design. 
 
 Cf. 570. 
 
 3602 General. 
 
 3603 Topographical considerations. 
 
 Adaptation to topography in location, form, and 
 gradient. 
 
 3604 Traffic considerations. 
 
 Adaptation to traffic in form, width, and surface. 
 
 3605 Form on plan. Curves, turns, angles and 
 
 junctions. 
 
 Cf. 3627. 
 
 Cross-section. Width. Crown. 
 (Surface treatment.) See 3610 + . 
 Roadside grading. 
 
 Including berins. Cf. 1780. 
 
 (Roadside planting.) See 1848. 
 Construction and maintenance. Pavements. 
 General. 
 
 Including questions of types of road surface, dura- 
 bility, ease of repair, relation to traffic, water run-off, 
 heat and cold, etc., and also choice of color, texture, 
 etc. Cf. 3615. 
 
 Special materials. 
 
 Adapted, with as little change as possible, to 
 avoid conflict with table given 3000ml, etc. 
 
 3606 
 
 (3607) 
 3608 
 
 (3609) 
 
 3610 
 
 3610?nl 
 
 Wood. 
 
 w4 
 
 Brick. Tile. 
 
 mb 
 
 Stone. 
 
 m6 
 
 Cement. Cement concrete. 
 
 >«6.2 
 
 Asphalt. Bituminous. 
 
 m6.5 
 
 Coal tar. 
 
 rra7.5 
 
 Broken stone. Telford. Macadam 
 
 m8.5 
 
 Earth, gravel, cinder. 
 
 m9 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Turf, tan bark, shells, etc. 
 
 3613 
 
 Road binders. Dust prevention. W 
 
 
 ing. 
 
 
 66 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Roads, paths, etc. (continued). 
 
 Construction and maintenance, etc. (conlin'd). 
 3615 Decorative surface treatment. Ornamental 
 
 pavements. 
 
 In general, including ornamental pavements of 
 courts, etc. Cf. note under 3610 above, and 3642. 
 
 3620 Details. 
 
 E. g., Planting strips. Curbs. Gutters. Buffers. 
 Cf. subdivision: Details under Pipes, etc., 3728, 3733, 
 3743, etc. 
 
 3622 
 
 Road signs. 
 
 
 Roads. 
 
 
 Cf. 6039, etc. 
 
 3625 
 
 General. 
 
 3627 
 
 Entrance roads. Approach roads. En- 
 
 
 trance turns. " Front turns." Turn 
 
 
 arounds. 
 
 
 Cf. 3605. 
 
 3627.1 
 
 Forecourts. 
 
 3628 
 
 Service roads. Service turns. 
 
 
 Cf. 3132, 3605. 
 
 3631 
 
 Causeways. 
 
 3632 
 
 " Woodroads." 
 
 3633 
 
 Lanes. 
 
 3634 
 
 Bridle paths. 
 
 3635 
 
 Bicycle paths. 
 
 3636 
 
 Trails. 
 
 
 Footpaths. Paths. Walks. 
 
 
 Cf. 4331, 6039, etc. 
 
 3640 
 
 General. 
 
 3642 
 
 Ornamental pavement of walks and paths. 
 
 
 Cf. 3615. 
 
 3643 
 
 Entrance walks and paths. 
 
 3645 
 
 Paths for rock planting. 
 
 3646 
 
 Stepping stones. 
 
 (3648) 
 
 (Steps.) See 3375 + . 
 
 
 Pipes, Conduits, Wires. 
 
 
 Cf. NAC2850 + . 
 
 3700 
 
 General. 
 
 3710 
 
 Pipes. Piping. Subsurface utilities. 
 
 Including electric conduits. 
 67 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . {continued). 
 Pipes, Conduits, Wires {continued). 
 3715 Wires. Wiring. 
 
 3718 Overhead wires. Pole lines. 
 
 (3720) Special utilities. 
 
 Water supply. 
 
 Water pipes. 
 
 3725 General. 
 
 3728 Details. 
 
 E. g., Hydrants. Cf. 3445 + . 
 
 Sewerage, drainage, and irrigation. 
 
 Sewer and drain pipes. 
 
 3730 General. 
 
 3733 Details. 
 
 E. g., manholes. 
 
 Sewerage and sewage treatment. 
 3735 General. 
 
 3738 Details. 
 
 Surface drainage. Storm-water drainage. 
 
 3740 General. 
 
 3741 Rainfall data. 
 3743 Details. 
 
 E. g., Drain-inlets, catch-basins, culverts, etc. 
 
 Subsurface drainage. 
 
 Cf. 1854. 
 
 3745 General. 
 
 3748 Details. 
 
 Irrigation. 
 
 Cf. 1854 +. 
 
 3750 General. 
 
 3753 Details. 
 
 Lighting, heating, and power. 
 3755 General. 
 
 3758 Details. 
 
 3760 Lighting. 
 
 3762 Heating. 
 
 3763 Central heating. 
 
 68 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Elements ... in landscape . . . (continued). 
 Pipes, Conduits, Wires (continued). 
 
 Lighting, heating, and power (continued). 
 (3704) (Power.) See 3773. 
 
 3768 Gas lighting and heating. 
 
 Gas pipes. 
 
 3772 Electric lighting, heating and power. 
 
 Electric conduits, poles and wires. For over- 
 head wires, let 3718 attract. 
 
 3773 
 
 Electric power supply 
 
 
 Telephone. 
 
 3775 
 
 General. 
 
 3778 
 
 Details. 
 
 
 Other. 
 
 3795 
 
 General. 
 
 3798 
 
 Details. 
 
 3800 Other elements. 
 3815 People. 
 
 E. g., crowds as an element in design, as at Versailles. 
 
 3825 Animals. 
 
 E. g., Sheep in the landscape, Waterfowl, etc. 
 
 3840 Other. 
 
 Types of landscape. Landscape characters. 
 Natural scenery. ' ' Free landscape . ' ' 
 
 Cf . 1050. A few examples only are given to suggest the kind 
 of topics which may be added by the individual user. 
 
 3900 General. 
 
 3905 General special. 
 
 3910 Types according to dominant ground forms 
 
 and topography. 
 3915 Prairies. 
 
 3920 Types according to dominant vegetation. 
 3925 Woodland types. Esthetic forestry. 
 
 Cf. 2145. 
 
 3930 Types according to climate. 
 3935 Tropical landscape. 
 
 69 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape (continued). 
 3940 Types according to effect of human occupa- 
 tion AND ACTIVITIES. 
 
 3945 Pastoral landscape. Pastures. 
 
 3948 Meadow landscape. Meadows. 
 
 3975 Types according to locality. Geographical 
 arrangement. 
 
 Use Geographical Table, with g.; e.g., New England, 
 3975ffl0. 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples. 
 
 4000 General. Collective. 
 
 4001 Special countries. 
 
 Use here Geographical Table with g, which may also be 
 used throughout types for local material, including plans 
 and photographs. E. g., a portfolio of German designs of 
 various types would be 4001(799. 
 
 Gardens. 
 4200 General. Collective. 
 
 4202 General special. 
 
 Including definition of term " garden." 
 
 Pleasure gardens. 
 4225 General. 
 
 Put here light and very general literature; e. g., the 
 garden in poetry, etc. 
 
 4320 Special aspects. 
 
 Use of gardens for social purposes, fetes, etc. 
 
 Design. 
 4250 General. 
 
 See note under 4700, which number should be al- 
 lowed to attract books on estate as well as garden 
 design. Cf. 490.5.3. 
 
 
 Theory of design as applied to gardens. 
 
 4260 
 
 General. 
 
 
 Styles of gardens. 
 
 4270 
 
 General. 
 
 4272 
 
 Formal. 
 
 4273 
 
 Informal. 
 
 4274 
 
 Naturalistic. 
 
 
 Cf. 4439. 
 
 70 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 
 including examples (continued). 
 
 Gardens (continued) . 
 
 Pleasure gardens (continued). 
 
 Design (continued) . 
 
 Styles of gardens (continued) . 
 
 (4280) (Special styles.) See 210 + , History 
 
 and historic styles of landscape 
 
 design. 
 If, however, a special collection on gardens is 
 being made, the same relation of numbers as 
 in 210+ can be used here to develop the history 
 of gardens in detail. 
 
 Composition of the garden. 
 4320 General. 
 
 4325 Compositional elements. 
 
 4327 Boundaries. Entrances. 
 
 Cf. 1192. 
 
 4331 Surface decoration. Beds, turf areas, 
 
 paths, etc. 
 
 Cf. 1194. 
 
 4335 Objects marking points of interest. 
 
 Cf. 1196. 
 
 4350 Gardens in special environments. 
 In relation to : 
 
 4351 Climate and atmosphere. 
 
 E. g., Tropical gardens. 
 
 4352 Topography. 
 
 4354 Waterside gardens. 
 
 Cf. 1838, 1996-1997, etc., 4442, etc. 
 
 4355 Seashore gardens. 
 
 Cf. 1839, 2000, etc., etc., 2011, etc. 
 
 4358 Gardens on flat topography. 
 
 4360 Gardens on uneven, rough, rocky 
 
 topography. 
 4362 Hillside gardens. 
 
 Terraced gardens. 
 
 4364 Hilltop gardens. 
 
 (4370) (Plants. Vegetation.) See 4400 +. 
 
 71 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Gardens (continued). 
 
 Pleasure gardens (continued) . 
 Design (continued). 
 In relation to (continued) . 
 4380 Structures. 
 
 4382 Dooryard gardens. 
 
 4384 Backyard gardens. 
 
 4386 Courtyard gardens. Interior court 
 
 gardens. 
 4388 Roof gardens. 
 
 4390 Gardens at special seasons or hours. 
 
 4391 Seasons. Seasonal effects. 
 
 Cf. 1157, 1834, 1975, etc. 
 
 4392 Spring. 
 
 4393 Summer. 
 
 4394 Autumn. 
 
 4395 Winter. 
 
 4396 Hours. 
 
 4397 Day. 
 
 4398 Night. Night effects. 
 
 Including lighting of gardens. Cf. 1154. 
 
 4400 Gardens of special plant materials. 
 
 Cf. 1800 + . 
 
 4405 Exhibition gardens. Specimen gardens. 
 
 Cf. 1821, etc., 5800+. 
 
 4410 Special kinds of plants. 
 
 4411 Trees. 
 
 4412 Topiary gardens. 
 
 Cf. 1822. 
 
 4413 Wildernesses. (Historical term.) 
 
 Cf. 2145. 
 
 4414 Orchard gardens. Fruit gardens. 
 
 Cf. 2140. 
 
 4416 Shrubs. 
 
 4418 Rose gardens. 
 
 Cf. 2486. 
 
 Herbaceous plants. 
 4421 General. 
 
 4426 Special plants'. 
 
 72 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Gardens (continued). 
 Pleasure gardens (continued). 
 Design (continued). 
 
 Gardens of special plant materials (cont'd) . 
 Herbaceous plants (continued). 
 
 4430 Special groups. 
 
 4431 Annuals. 
 
 Cf. 2781. 
 
 4433 Perennials. 
 
 Cf. 2783. 
 
 4437 Bulbs. 
 
 Cf. 2787. 
 
 4439 Native plants. Wild gardens. 
 
 Cf. 2789. 
 
 4441 Rock and alpine plants. Rock 
 
 gardens. Wall gardens. 
 
 Cf. 2791. 
 
 4442 Water plants. Water gardens. 
 
 Cf. 2792. 
 
 4443 Bog and marsh plants. Bog 
 
 gardens. 
 
 Cf. 2896. 
 
 4444 Bedding plants. 
 
 Cf. 2794. 
 
 4448 Scented plants. 
 
 Cf. 2870. 
 
 4450 Special color groups. 
 
 Color effects in gardens. 
 
 4455 Gardens of special sizes and shapes. 
 
 E. g., Small gardens, Sunken gardens (arranged alpha- 
 betically). 
 
 4460 Gardens for special classes of people. 
 
 E. g., Architects' gardens, Children's gardens, School 
 gardens, etc. (arranged alphabetically by name of 
 class). 
 
 4465 Other special kinds. 
 
 E. g., " Bird gardens," gardens of Shakesperian plants, 
 " Old-fashioned gardens," etc. 
 
 4470 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 Cf. 1850 +, 2750 + ■ 
 
 4472 Cost, 
 
 73 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued) . 
 Gardens (continued). 
 Pleasure gardens (continued). 
 Examples. 
 4475 General. 
 
 (4477) (History.) See 210 + . 
 
 4480 Description, by special countries. 
 
 Use Geographical Table with g. This classification 
 number may be used for plans and photographs, 
 but not for books. Class these with Estates in 
 4701 + ■ 
 
 Service gardens. Vegetable gardens. Kitchen 
 gardens. Reserve gardens, cut-flower 
 gardens, etc. 
 4525 General. 
 
 4536 Design. 
 
 Material on decorative vegetable gardens may be 
 classified here. 
 
 4545 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 (4575) (Botanical gardens.) See 5800 + . 
 
 Private estates. 1 
 
 Put with the books on estates, 4700 + , the garden books in- 
 cluding also estates; e. g., Mawson's Art and Craft of Gar- 
 den Making. 
 
 4700 General. Collective. 
 
 4701- Examples. Special countries and localities. 
 
 4004 To include local garden books. See Geographical arrange- 
 
 ment, p. 93. 
 
 4900 Design. 
 
 For books, irrespective of size of estates discussed. 2 
 
 4905 Elements. 
 
 Put here only discussion of these units as elements of 
 the estate. Otherwise use subdivisions in 3000 +, as 
 noted below. 
 
 4905.1 House and house terrace. 
 
 Cf. 3060 +, 3234. 
 
 1 Arrange material on single estates under name of place in which it is 
 situated, then by owner, e. g., large estate of C. S. Sargent, Brookline, Mass. 
 
 NAB 5045g27 
 Brook — Sar 1 
 
 2 This same relation of numbers may be used for subdividing Design under 
 the Types according to use, numbered 5105, 5155, 5205, 5255, 5305, 5405, 5605, 
 5705, 5805, 5855, 6025. In the case of subdivisions of the other Types of land- 
 scape designs, the same relation of numbers may be used as a decimal. 
 
 74 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Private estates (continued). 
 Design (continued). 
 Elements (continued) . 
 4905.3 Pleasure buildings and areas, including 
 
 pleasure gardens. 
 
 Cf. 3150+, 4250+. 
 
 4905.5 Service buildings and areas. 
 
 Cf. 3100 + . 
 
 4905.7 Lawns, woods, etc. Natural character 
 
 units. 
 
 Cf. 2735, 3900 +. 
 
 4905.9 Access and entrances. Circulation. 
 
 Cf. 3600 + . 
 
 4906 Estates in special environments. Choice of 
 
 site. 
 
 Cf. 4351+. 
 
 4907 Climate. 
 
 4908 Topography. 
 
 4909 Waterside. 
 
 4910 Seashore. 
 
 4911 Flat. 
 
 4912 Irregular, rough, rocky. 
 
 4913 Hillside. 
 
 4914 Hilltop. 
 
 4915 Estates for special classes of people. 
 
 Cf. subdivisions according to cost in City Planning 
 Classification, NAC 1694 + . 
 
 4918 Estates designed collectively. 
 
 Cf. 4930 + , 4980 + , 7100, and NAC 3000 + . Lot the 
 land subdivision numbers attract. 
 
 4920 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 Estate management may be classified here. Cf. (1495). 
 
 4922 
 
 Cost. 
 
 
 House lots (up to one acre). 
 
 4925 
 
 General. 
 
 4930 
 
 Designed collectively. 
 
 Cf. 491S. Prefer 7100. 
 
 4935 
 
 Special countries. 
 
 
 75 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Private estates (continued). 
 
 House lots (up to one acre) (continued). 
 (4940) (Designed individually.) See 4900+ . 
 
 4945 Special countries. 
 
 Plans and descriptions of individual estates. 
 
 Suburban estates. Small estates (one to ten 
 acres). 
 4975 General. 
 
 4980 Designed collectively. 
 
 Including Summer colonies. Cf. 491S. Prefer 7100. 
 
 4985 Special countries. 
 
 Plans and descriptions of individual estates. 
 
 (4990) (Designed individually.) See 4900 + . 
 
 4995 Special countries. 
 
 Country estates. Large estates (over ten 
 acres) . 
 5025 General. 
 
 5045 Special countries. 
 
 (5046) (Special kinds.) 
 
 5047 Castle grounds. 
 
 5048 Private estate reserves. Private parks. 
 
 Game preserves. Deer parks. 
 
 Cf. 6122. 
 
 Farms. 
 5050 General. 
 
 5055 Design. 
 
 5070 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 Farm management may be classified here. Cf. (1495). 
 
 5075 Examples. 
 
 5100 Country club grounds, golf clubs. 
 
 Cf. 6.589, golf courses. 
 
 5105 Design. 
 
 5120 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5125 Examples. 
 
 5150 Hotel grounds, country, seashore, etc. Sum- 
 mer hotels. 
 5155 Design. 
 
 5170 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5175 Examples. 
 
 76 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 5180 Recreation camps. 
 5185 Design. 
 
 5190 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5195 Examples. 
 
 5200 Hospital, asylum, sanitarium, etc., grounds. 
 
 Further subdivision may be made here if desired for special 
 types of asylums, sanitariums, etc. \e.g., Poor farms, Animal 
 homes, etc. Prefer NAB 5200+ to NAC 4645 in a library 
 using both NAB and NAC Classification Schemes. 
 
 5205 Design. 
 
 5220 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5225 Examples. 
 
 5250 College, university, private school grounds. 
 
 5255 Design. 
 
 5270 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5275 Examples. 
 
 5300 Church grounds. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 4650. Cf. 5900 + . 
 
 5305 Design. 
 
 5320 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5325 Examples. 
 
 5400 Factory grounds. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 4655. 
 
 5405 Design. 
 
 5420 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5425 Examples. 
 
 5450 Railroad grounds. 
 
 Including station grounds and rights of way. Prefer to 
 NAC 2487, etc. 
 
 5455 Design. 
 
 5470 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5475 Examples. 
 
 Grounds of public buildings. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 4623. 
 
 5500 General. Collective. 
 
 5510 Capitol, city-hall, court-house grounds, 
 
 etc. 
 5515 Design. 
 
 5520 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5525 Examples. 
 
 77 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Grounds of public buildings (continued). 
 5530 Library and museum grounds. 
 
 5535 Design . 
 
 5540 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5545 Examples. 
 
 5550 Public l school grounds. 
 
 Cf . 4460, School gardens, and 6560, School playgrounds. 
 
 5555 Design. 
 
 5560 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5565 Examples. 
 
 5590 Other. 
 
 5600 Exposition grounds. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 3724. 
 
 5605 Design. 
 
 5620 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5625 Examples. 
 
 5650 Fair grounds, state, county, and other. 
 
 5655 Design. 
 
 5670 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5675 Examples. 
 
 5700 Amusement parks. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 4290. 
 
 5705 Design. 
 
 5720 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5725 Examples. 
 
 5730 Open air concert gardens. Tea gardens. 
 Outdoor restaurants. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 4280. 
 5735 Design . 
 
 5740 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5745 Examples. 
 
 5750 Zoological parks. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 4270. 
 
 5755 Design. 
 
 5765 Buildings, including Aviaries, Aquariums, etc. 
 
 1 The word /mblic is here used in the American sense. The great British 
 " public schools " should be classified with private schools, 5250 + . 
 
 78 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape design, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Zoological parks (continued). 
 5770 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5775 Examples. 
 
 5800 Botanical gardens. " Museum " gardens. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 4265. 
 
 5805 Design. 
 
 5820 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5825 Examples. 
 
 5850 Arboretums. 
 
 5855 Design. 
 
 5870 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5875 Examples. 
 
 Cemeteries. 
 
 Prefer to NAC 4480 + . Cf . 5300 +. 
 
 5900 General. Collective. 
 
 5902 Proceedings of societies, conferences, etc. 
 
 5903 Administration. Regulations. 
 Design. 
 
 5905 General. 
 
 5907 Styles. 
 
 5908 Formal. Architectural. 
 
 5909 Informal. Park cemeteries. 
 
 5910 Elements. 
 
 5911 Ground forms, including water. 
 
 5913 Plants. Cemetery planting. 
 
 5914 Lots. 
 
 5915 Structures. 
 
 5916 Monuments. 
 
 Including headstones and markers. Cf. 3440. 
 
 5917 Buildings. Chapels. Columbariums. 
 
 Mausoleums. 
 
 5918 Roads and paths. 
 
 5920 Cemeteries in special environments. 
 
 5921 According to climate. 
 
 5922 According to topography. 
 5929 According to race, religion, etc. 
 5940 Construction and maintenance. 
 5945 Examples. 
 
 79 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 
 including examples (continued). 
 
 Drill grounds, etc. 
 Cf. NAC 4395. 
 
 5950 General. 
 
 5955 Design. 
 
 5960 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 5965 Examples. 
 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 playgrounds, and other outdoor 
 public recreation facilities. 
 
 Cf . the classification of Parks and reservations provided 
 in the NAC Classification Scheme, 4000 + . A library 
 using both NAB and NAC Schemes, should prefer NAB 
 6000+ for matters of internal design; but park systems, 
 relation of parks to distribution of population and to 
 other elements of the city plan should be classified in 
 NAC 4000 +. 
 
 6000 General. Collective. 
 
 6001 General special. 
 
 Including Nomenclature. 
 
 6002 Periodicals. 
 
 6005 Proceedings of Societies, Conferences, etc. 
 
 6009 Statistics. 
 
 6010 Special aspects. 
 
 E. g., sociological, economic. Use of parks. 
 
 6014 Legislation. 
 
 Creating parks, etc. 
 
 Administration. Management. 
 
 6015 General. 
 
 6016 Commissions. 
 6018 Regulations. 
 6020 Reports. 
 
 Discussions of form or value of park reports, etc. In- 
 dividual local reports go in 6800+. 
 
 6022 Concessions. 
 
 Granting of privileges, etc., e. g., camping privileges. 
 Cf. 5180+, 5730+. 
 
 6025 Design. 
 
 The subarrangement of topics under Park design, 
 General, is repeated under Large parks, 6325+, and 
 Small parks, 6425+, to provide for a minute classifi- 
 cation of notes, if desired. For an ordinary collection 
 6025+ will'be found more convenient in use. 
 
 80 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 etc. (continued). 
 Design (continued). 
 
 6026 Sites. 
 
 6027 Styles. 
 
 6028 Formal. 
 
 6029 Naturalistic. Landscape parks. 
 
 Cf. 3900 + . 
 
 6030 Elements. 
 
 6031 Ground forms, including water. 
 
 6033 Plants, Park planting. 
 
 6034 Picnic groves, music groves, etc. 
 6034.5 Gardens. Displays of herbaceous plants. 
 
 6035 Structures. 
 
 6036 Buildings. 
 
 Including rest houses, shelters, band stands, 
 restaurants, service buildings, etc. Cf. 3105, 
 3150+. 
 
 6037 Park furniture. Lighting, seats, etc., 
 
 statuary and monuments in parks. 
 
 6038 Bridges. 
 
 6039 Roads, paths, entrances, etc. 
 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6040 General. 
 
 6041 Cost. Cost accounting. 
 6045 Special considerations. 
 
 E. g., Soil fertility, sprinkling. Cf. 1853 + . 
 
 Reservations. 
 
 Public reserved land not developed for intensive recre- 
 ative use. Prefer to NAC 4150 + . 
 
 6100 General. 
 
 6103 Administration. Regulations. 
 
 6107 Examples according to ownership. 
 
 6110 National. 
 
 National parks and " National monuments." Cf. 
 6135, National forests. 
 
 6115 State. 
 
 Provincial for Canada, etc. 
 
 6120 County, metropolitan, and municipal. 
 
 General only. Local reports go in 6800 + . 
 81 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (contimied). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 etc. (continued). 
 Reservations (continued) . 
 
 Examples according to ownership (contimied). 
 6122 Private. Club. Proprietary. 
 
 E. g., reservations of Appalachian Mountain Club. 
 
 6124 Other. 
 
 Forest and water-supply reservations. 
 
 6125 General. 
 
 Forest reservations. 
 
 6126 
 
 General. 
 
 6128 
 
 Administration. Regulations. 
 
 6130 
 
 Design. 
 
 
 Cf. 3925. 
 
 6131 
 
 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 
 a. 2350. 
 
 6132 
 
 Examples. 
 
 
 According to ownership. 
 
 6135 
 
 National. 
 
 
 National forests. Cf. 6110, National parks. 
 
 6137 
 
 State. 
 
 6139 
 
 Municipal. 
 
 6141 
 
 Private. 
 
 6144 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 Water-supply reservations. Watershed 
 
 
 reservations. Reservoirs. 
 
 6150 
 
 General. . 
 
 6155 
 
 Watershed reservations. 
 
 6158 
 
 Administration. Regulations. 
 
 6160 
 
 Design. 
 
 6161 
 
 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6162 
 
 Examples. 
 
 6165 
 
 Reservoir reservations. 
 
 
 Cf. 6210+, Lake reservations and parks. 6165 
 
 
 is for material from special point of view of 
 
 
 water supply. 
 
 6168 
 
 Administration. Regulations, 
 
 6170 
 
 Design. 
 
 
 82 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 etc. (continued). 
 Forest and water-supply reservations 
 (continued) . 
 Reservoir reservations (continued). 
 
 6171 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6172 Examples. 
 
 6190 Scenic reservations. Preservation of land- 
 
 scape. 
 Shore reservations. 
 
 Cf. 6600 +. Shore reservations, as distinguished 
 from Recreational waterfronts, are areas not de- 
 veloped for intensive recreation but preserved 
 primarily as naturalistic landscape. 
 
 6200 
 
 General. 
 
 6203 
 
 Administration. Regulations. 
 
 6205 
 
 Seashore reservations. 
 
 Cf. 1670, 6655. 
 
 6207 
 
 Design. 
 
 6208 
 
 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6209 
 
 Examples. 
 
 6210 
 
 Lake and pond reservations. 
 
 Cf. 1680+, 6165, 6660. 
 
 6212 
 6213 
 
 Design. 
 
 Construction and maintenance 
 
 6214 
 
 Examples. 
 
 6215 River reservations. Stream reserva- 
 
 tions. Waterfall reservations. 
 
 Cf. 1690-1696, 6665. 
 
 6217 Design. 
 
 6218 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6219 Examples. 
 
 6230 Hill and mountain reservations. Hilltop 
 
 reservations. 
 Cf. 1760 +. 
 
 6232 Design. 
 
 6233 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6234 Examples. 
 
 83 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 etc. (continued). 
 Places containing special natural fea- 
 tures AND FEATURES OF HISTORIC IN- 
 TEREST. 
 
 For " National monuments " as the term is used 
 in the United States, prefer 6110. 
 
 6240 General. 
 
 6244 Natural features. Natural monuments. 
 
 Cf. 6126+, 6200 + . 
 
 6246 Historic features. 
 
 6250 Reservations for the preservation of 
 
 animal and bird life, and plant life. 
 6252 Animal life. 
 
 6254 Bird life. Bird sanctuaries. 
 
 6256 Plant life. 
 
 Reservations for preservation of typical flora. 
 
 6260 Reservations for defence. Military 
 
 reservations. 
 6270 Reservations for other special purposes. 
 
 Large parks. 
 
 Prefer to NAG 4240. 
 
 6300 General. 
 
 6310 Special aspects. 
 
 Use. Uses for purposes other than the primary use, etc. 
 
 6315 Administration. Regulations. 
 
 6325 Design. 
 
 See note under 6025. 
 
 6326 Sites. 
 
 6327 Styles. 
 
 6328 Formal. 
 
 6329 Naturalistic. Large landscape parks. 
 
 Country parks. 
 
 6330 Elements. 
 
 6331 Ground forms, including water. 
 
 6333 Plants. Park planting. 
 
 6334 Picnic groves. Music groves, etc. 
 
 84 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 etc. (continued). 
 Large parks (continued). 
 Design (continued). 
 Elements (continued) . 
 
 6335 Structures. 
 
 6336 Buildings. 
 
 6337 Park furniture. Lighting. Seats, etc. 
 
 Statuary and monuments. 
 
 6338 Bridges. 
 
 6339 Roads, paths, entrances, etc. 
 
 6340 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6341 Cost. 
 6350 Examples. 
 6353 Formal. 
 
 6355 . Naturalistic. Landscape parks. Country 
 
 parks. 
 
 Small parks. Commons, garden squares, 
 neighborhood parks, public gardens. 
 
 
 Not developed for active recreation. Prefer to NAC 
 
 
 4250 +. 
 
 6400 
 
 General. 
 
 6415 
 
 Administration. Regulations. 
 
 6425 
 
 Design. 
 
 
 See note under 6025. 
 
 6426 
 
 Sites. 
 
 6427 
 
 Styles. 
 
 6428 
 
 Formal. 
 
 6429 
 
 Naturalistic. Small landscape parks. 
 
 6430 
 
 Elements. 
 
 6431 
 
 Ground forms, including water. 
 
 6533 
 
 Plants. Park planting. 
 
 6435 
 
 Structures. - 
 
 6436 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 6437 
 
 Park furniture, etc. Statuary, mon- 
 
 
 uments, etc. 
 
 6438 
 
 Bridges. 
 
 6439 
 
 Roads, malls, paths, entrances, etc. 
 
 
 85 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 etc. (continued). 
 Small parks, etc. (continued). 
 
 6440 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6441 Cost. 
 6450 Examples. 
 
 Playgrounds, athletic fields, and provi- 
 sions FOR SPECIAL SPORTS. 
 Prefer to NAC4300 + , 
 
 6500 General. 
 
 6502 Periodicals. 
 
 6505 Proceedings of societies, etc. 
 
 6509 Statistics. 
 
 6510 Special aspects. 
 
 E. g., Physiological and social value of playgrounds. 
 
 6515 Administration. Regulations. 
 
 Playground management. 
 
 6520 Games, etc. Theory of play, etc. 
 
 Cf. 6580 + . 
 
 Design. 
 
 6525 General. 
 
 6526 Sites. 
 
 6527 Styles. 
 
 6530 Elements. Equipment, in general. 
 
 6531 Ground surface. Surfacing. 
 
 6532 Swimming pools. Wading pools, etc. 
 
 6533 Plants. Playground planting. 
 
 6535 Structures. 
 
 6536 Buildings. Gymnasiums, fieldhouses, 
 
 etc. 
 
 6537 Fences. Screens. Details, etc. 
 
 6538 Apparatus. 
 
 6539 Other. 
 
 Including lighting of playgrounds. 
 
 6540 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6541 Cost. 
 
 6550 Examples according to types of use. 
 
 6555 Recreation centers. Neighborhood centers. 
 
 Combining provision for all ages. 
 86 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 etc. (continued). 
 Playgrounds, athletic fields, etc. (cont'd). 
 6560 School playgrounds. 
 
 6564 Roof playgrounds. 
 
 6565 Playgrounds for little children. Block in- 
 
 terior playgrounds. 
 6567 Home playgrounds. 
 
 6570 Restricted playfields. 
 
 6575 Playfields. Athletic fields. 
 
 Fields for special sports. Grounds for 
 sports and games. 
 
 Cf. 3198. Data on sports and games may be 
 grouped here. 
 
 6580 General. 
 
 6581 Football. Football. fields. 
 
 6582 Baseball. Baseball fields. 
 
 6583 Cricket. Cricket grounds. 
 
 6584 Field and track. Areas for field events. 
 
 Running tracks. 
 
 6585 Racing. Race-tracks. Race-courses. 
 
 6586 Motor race-tracks. 
 
 6587 Polo. Polo fields. 
 
 6588 Aviation. Aviation fields. 
 
 6589 Golf. Golf courses. Golf links. 
 
 6590 Tennis. Tennis courts. 
 
 Cf. 3205. 
 
 6592 Bowling greens, grass rinks, archery 
 
 lawns, etc. 
 
 Cf. 3208-3212. 
 
 6593 Provision for winter sports. Areas for 
 
 coasting, tobogganing, etc. Ice skat- 
 ing rinks, hockey rinks, etc. 
 
 6594 Other. 
 
 Put here such provision for sport as hockey fields, 
 basket-ball fields, casting pools, etc. 
 
 6595 Playgrounds, etc., of special countries, cities, 
 
 including special playground reports. 
 
 Use Geographical Table with </. 
 87 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Types of landscape designs, according to use, 
 including examples (continued). 
 Public and semi-public reservations, parks, 
 etc. (continued). 
 Water parks. Recreational waterfronts. 
 
 Cf. 6200 + ■ Water parks are developed for intensive 
 use. NAC 4370+ may be used instead of NAB 0600+, 
 if it is desired to keep Recreational and Commercial 
 waterfronts in close sequence. 
 
 6600 General. 
 
 6615 Administration. Regulations. 
 
 6625 Design. 
 
 6630 Elements. 
 
 6631 Shores. Bathing beaches. 
 
 Cf. 1703. 
 
 6633 Plants. Waterfront planting. 
 
 6635 Structures. 
 
 6636 Recreation piers. 
 
 6637 Bath-houses (Public). 
 
 Cf. 3172. 
 
 6638 Boat-houses (Public). 
 
 Cf. 3170 
 
 6639 Other. 
 
 6640 Construction and maintenance. 
 
 6650 Examples. 
 
 6655 Seashore parks. 
 
 Cf. 1670, 6205 +. 
 
 6660 Lake and pond parks. 
 
 Cf. 1680+, 62104-. 
 
 6665 River parks. 
 
 Cf. 1690+, 62154-. 
 
 6799 Other. 
 
 6800 Parks of special countries and cities. Geo- 
 
 graphical arrangement. 
 Including reports of park commissions. Use Geographical 
 Table, p. 93, changing the initial 47 in each case to 68 
 and 48 to 69; e. g., Park reports of cities in the United 
 States should be numbered 6827. The Geographical 
 Table given in the NAC Classification, p. 77, will be found 
 even more convenient, as it can be used for local park re- 
 ports exactly as it stands, prefixing NAB. 
 
 88 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 Landscape designs in larger public problems 
 of the arrangement of land. 
 7000 General. 
 
 7100 Land subdivision, for residential purposes. 
 
 Cf. NAC 1675+, 3380 + . The NAC numbers should be 
 preferred to NAB 7100 in any collection dealing consider- 
 ably with public problems. 
 
 7500 Town and city planning. Village planning. 
 
 Cf. NAC Classification. See description on p. 7 of the 
 preface to this NAB Scheme. 
 
 8500 Regional planning. 
 
 Or material may be classified in NAC 5560 (a new num- 
 ber). 
 
 S700 Rural planning. 
 
 Or material may be classified with NAC 5560. 
 
 8900 State planning. Provincial planning. 
 
 Or material may be classified with NAC 5560. 
 
 9000 National planning. 
 
 Or material may be classified with NAC 5560. 
 
 9200 National roads. 
 
 Cf. Library of Congress Class TE. 
 
 (9400) (National parks, forests, etc.) See 6110, 6135, 
 
 etc. 
 
 89 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 CLASSIFICATION 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL TABLE 
 
 Adapted from Table II given in N Classification Scheme of the Library of CongresB, and 
 corresponding to the geographical table used in the City Planning Classification (NAC. See 
 note on p. 77 of that scheme). Owing to the fact that some of the changes in boundaries caused 
 by the World War may not prove durable, and also that almost no recent material has appeared 
 from the countries most substantially affected, it has seemed best to repeat the Table prac- 
 tically as used for NAC, giving the countries as they existed on January 1, 1914, but italicizing 
 those areas now undergoing essential territorial change. 
 
 01 
 
 America. 
 
 
 West Indies (continued). 
 
 03 
 
 North America. 
 
 957 
 
 Porto Rico. 
 
 05 
 
 United States. 
 
 058 
 
 Other. 
 
 <?6 
 
 U. S. Colonial.* 
 
 059 
 
 South America. 
 
 
 By sections. 
 
 061 
 
 Argentine Republic. 
 
 
 To be used only if desired. 
 
 063 
 
 Bolivia. 
 
 
 See note under ff27, Cities. 
 
 
 
 
 below. 
 
 065 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 fflO 
 
 New England. 
 
 067 
 
 Chile. 
 
 <7ll 
 
 South. 
 
 069 
 
 Colombia. 
 
 ffl4 
 
 Central. 
 
 071 
 
 Ecuador. 
 
 »17 
 
 West. 
 
 073 
 
 Guiana. 
 
 gl9 
 
 Pacific States. 
 
 075 
 
 Paraguay. 
 
 025 
 
 States A-Z. 
 
 077 
 
 Peru. 
 
 027 
 
 Cities A-Z. 
 
 j79 
 
 Uruguay. 
 
 
 It is most convenient to arrange 
 
 081 
 
 Venezuela. 
 
 
 material alphabetically by cities 
 
 083 
 
 Europe. 
 
 
 as far as possible. 
 
 085 
 
 Great Britain, England 
 
 ?29 
 
 Canada. 
 
 087 
 
 England. Local. 
 
 931 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 089 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 S33 
 
 Central America. 
 
 091 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 035 
 
 British Honduras. 
 
 093 
 
 Wales. 
 
 ff37 
 
 Costa Rica. 
 
 095 
 
 Austria-Hun gary . 
 
 ff39 
 
 Guatemala. 
 
 097 
 
 France. 
 
 gil 
 
 Honduras. 
 
 099 
 
 Germany. 
 
 S 43 
 
 Nicaragua. 
 
 0101 
 
 Greece. 
 
 945 
 
 Salvador. 
 
 0103 
 
 Italy. 
 
 ff46 
 
 Panama. 
 
 0105 
 
 Netherlands. 
 
 9 47 
 
 West Indies. 
 
 0107 
 
 Holland. 
 
 949 
 
 Bahamas. 
 
 0109 
 
 Belgium. Flanders. 
 
 951 
 
 Cuba. 
 
 0110 
 
 Poland. 
 
 053 
 
 Haiti. 
 
 0111 
 
 Russia. 
 
 055 
 
 Jamaica. 
 
 0113 
 
 Scandinavia. 
 
 * Although an historical not a geographical subdivision, it is used here for convenience. 
 
 91 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 
 Europe — Scandinavia (cont'd). 
 
 
 Asia. The Orient (continued). 
 
 <7ll5 
 
 Denmark. 
 
 
 <7l51 
 
 Southern Asia. India. Ceylon 
 
 <7ll7 
 
 Iceland. 
 
 
 Sl53 
 
 Indo-China. 
 
 ?H9 
 
 Norway. 
 
 
 0155 
 
 French Indo-China. 
 
 0121 
 
 Sweden. 
 
 
 Sl57 
 
 Indonesia. Malaysia. 
 
 0125 
 
 Spain. Spain and Portugal. 
 
 0159 
 
 Dutch East Indies. 
 
 g\2b 
 
 Portugal. 
 
 
 0161 
 
 Philippines. 
 
 gl27 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 
 0163 
 
 Eastern Asia. 
 
 0129 
 
 Turkey. 
 
 
 0165 
 
 China. 
 
 ffl31 
 
 Other Balkan States. 
 
 
 0167 
 
 Japan. 
 
 3 133 
 
 Bulgaria. 
 
 
 0169 
 
 Northern Asia. Siberia. 
 
 S 135 
 
 Montenegro. 
 
 
 
 Russia in Asia. 
 
 9137 
 
 Rumania. 
 
 
 0173 
 
 Africa. 
 
 0139 
 
 Serbia. 
 
 
 0175 
 
 North. 
 
 ffl41 
 
 Others. 
 
 
 0177 
 
 South. 
 
 0143 
 
 Asia. The Orient. 
 
 
 0179 
 
 Australia. 
 
 g 145 
 
 Southwestern Asia. 
 
 Levant. 
 
 0I8I 
 
 New Zealand. 
 
 
 Asia Minor. Turkey 
 
 in Asia. 
 
 0183 
 
 Pacific Islands. 
 
 9147 
 
 Persia. 
 
 
 0184 
 
 Special A-Z. 
 
 ffl49 
 
 Central Asia. 
 
 
 
 
 92 
 
ESTATES AND GARDENS 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL ARRANGEMENT 
 
 See note under Geographical Table, p. 91. 
 
 4701 
 
 America. 
 
 
 South America (continued). 
 
 4703 
 
 North America. 
 
 4775 
 
 Paraguay. 
 
 4705 
 
 United States. 
 
 4777 
 
 Peru. 
 
 4706 
 
 U. S. Colonial.* 
 
 4779 
 
 Uruguay. 
 
 
 By sections. 
 
 4781 
 
 Venezuela. 
 
 
 To be used only if desired. 
 
 4783 
 
 Europe. 
 
 4710 
 4711 
 
 See note under 4727. Cities. 
 
 New England. 
 South. 
 
 4785 
 4787 
 4789 
 
 Great Britain. England. 
 England. Local. 
 Scotland. 
 
 4714 
 
 Central. 
 
 4791 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 4717 
 
 West. 
 
 4793 
 
 Wales. 
 
 4719 
 
 Pacific States. 
 
 4795 
 
 Austria-H unyary. 
 
 4725 
 
 States A-Z. 
 
 4797 
 
 France. 
 
 4727 
 
 Cities A-Z. 
 
 It is most convenient to arrange 
 
 4799 
 
 Germany. 
 
 
 material alphabetically by cities 
 
 4801 
 
 Greece. 
 
 
 'as far as possible. 
 
 4803 
 
 Italy. 
 
 4729 
 
 Canada. 
 
 4805 
 
 Netherlands. 
 
 4731 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 4807 
 
 Holland. 
 
 4733 
 
 Central America. 
 
 4809 
 
 Belgium. Flanders. 
 
 4735 
 
 British Honduras. 
 
 4810 
 
 Poland. 
 
 4737 
 
 Costa Rica. 
 
 4811 
 
 Russia. 
 
 4739 
 
 Guatemala. 
 
 4813 
 
 Scandinavia. 
 
 4741 
 
 Honduras. 
 
 4815 
 
 Denmark. 
 
 4743 
 
 Nicaragua . 
 
 4817 
 
 Iceland. 
 
 4745 
 
 Salvador. 
 
 4819 
 
 Norway. 
 
 4746 
 
 Panama. 
 
 4821 
 
 Sweden. 
 
 4747 
 
 West Indies. 
 
 4823 
 
 Spain. Spain and Portugal. 
 
 4749 
 
 Bahamas. 
 
 4825 
 
 Portugal. 
 
 4751 
 
 Cuba. 
 
 4827 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 4753 
 
 Haiti. 
 
 4829 
 
 Turkey. 
 
 4755 
 
 Jamaica. 
 
 4831 
 
 Other Ballcan Stales. 
 
 4757 
 
 Porto Rico. 
 
 4833 
 
 Bulgaria. 
 
 4758 
 
 Other. 
 
 4835 
 
 Montenegro. 
 
 4759 
 
 South America. 
 
 4837 
 
 Rumania. 
 
 4761 
 
 Argentine Republic. 
 
 4839 
 
 Serbia. 
 
 4763 
 
 Bolivia. 
 
 4841 
 
 Others. 
 
 4765 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 4843 
 
 Asia. The Orient. 
 
 4767 
 
 Chile. 
 
 4845 
 
 Southwestern Asia. Levant 
 
 4769 
 
 Colombia. 
 
 
 Asia Minor. Turkey in Asia 
 
 4771 
 
 Ecuador. 
 
 4847 
 
 Persia. 
 
 4773 
 
 Guiana. 
 
 4849 
 
 Central Asia. 
 
 * Although an historical not a geographical subdivision, it is used here for convenience. 
 
 93 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 
 Asia. The Orient {continued). 
 
 
 Asia. The Orient (continued) 
 
 4851 
 
 Southern Asia. India. Ceylon. 
 
 4869 
 
 Northern Asia. Siberia. 
 
 4853 
 
 Indo-China. 
 
 
 Russia in Asia. 
 
 4855 
 
 French Indo-China. 
 
 4873 
 
 Africa. 
 
 4857 
 
 Indonesia. Malaysia. 
 
 4875 
 
 North. 
 
 4859 
 
 Dutch East. Indies. 
 
 4877 
 
 South. 
 
 4861 
 
 Philippines. 
 
 4879 
 
 Australia. 
 
 4863 
 
 Eastern Asia. 
 
 4881 
 
 New Zealand. 
 
 4865 
 
 China. 
 
 4883 
 
 Pacific Islands. 
 
 4867 
 
 Japan. 
 
 4884 
 
 Special A-Z. 
 
 94 
 
ALPHABETIC LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 
 
 AND 
 
 INDEX TO THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 ALPHABETIC LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 TO THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 
 The following list of topics serves as an alphabetic index 
 to subjects eovered in the classification scheme and also as 
 a set of standard subject headings which may be used for a 
 card index or dictionary catalogue in office or library. The 
 standard form of subject heading selected to designate each 
 topic is indicated by the appearance of a number (or num- 
 bers) directly after the heading. From all other topics 
 given, cross-references (beginning, " see ") have been made 
 to these chosen subject headings. In addition " See also " 
 cross-references have been suggested for the user's con- 
 venience. In case a card index is made according to the 
 standard subject headings, these see also references would 
 point the way to books or pictures indexed under the affili- 
 ated topics referred to. 
 
 The parenthesis about numbers has been used to indicate 
 a place usually less desirable for classifying material than 
 the other number or numbers given for the same topic. In 
 the case of Plants, the construction of the classification 
 scheme makes it possible to classify very minutely, if de- 
 sired; but usually the numbers in parentheses for Plant 
 topics can be disregarded for ordinary library purposes. 
 Where two or more numbers (none being in parentheses) 
 are given for a topic, these alternative numbers should be 
 looked up in the Classification Scheme itself and a choice 
 made before materials is actually classified. 
 
 The chosen form of subject headings for topics appearing 
 in the Summary Outline to the Classification Scheme are 
 designated by double stars in this index. 
 
 Subheads have been shown in italic type, conforming to 
 Library of Congress practice. They should be underlined 
 when used in card index headings. 
 
 97 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 There are a number of standard subheads which may be 
 used with many major topics — such subheads as Bibliog- 
 raphy; Construction and maintenance; Construction and 
 maintenance. Cost; Design; Nomenclature; Plans; Statis- 
 tics; etc.; and similarly Geographical subdivisions. These 
 have been printed in the following list only where found 
 justified by amount of existing reference material. They 
 may, however, be used as freely as necessary, in a way 
 similar to that shown. See under Landscape architecture, 
 or Parks. 
 
 98 
 
ALPHABETIC LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS AND 
 INDEX TO THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME 
 
 References are to numbers of topics in the scheme. 
 
 A 
 
 Accents, in landscape composition, 
 set Landscape composition, 
 1196. 
 Access, see Roads; Paths, etc.; 3600- 
 (3648). 
 
 Accounting, Park, ace Parks — Con- 
 struction and maintenance. Cost 
 accounting, 6041. 
 
 Accounting systems in landscape 
 architect's office, see Land- 
 scape architecture — Profes- 
 sional practice. Office organi- 
 zation and equipment, 1234. 
 
 Addresses on landscape architecture, 
 see Landscape architecture; 
 Landscape architecture — Lec- 
 tures, 265-270. 
 
 Advertising, in professional practice 
 of landscape architecture, see 
 Landscape architecture — Pro- 
 fessional practice. Advertising 
 and ■publicity, 1223. 
 
 Aerial perspective, see Atmosphere — 
 In landscape composition, 1156. 
 
 Aerial photography, see Photography, 
 Aerial, 1244. 
 
 Aerial surveying, see Surveying, 
 Photographic, Aerial, 1244. 
 
 Alices. 2130-2131. 
 
 See also Pleached alleys. 
 
 Alphabets, see Lettering, 1310. 
 
 Alpine gardens, see Gardens, Alpine, 
 4441. 
 
 Alpine plants, sec Plants, Alpine, 2003. 
 
 American Colonial styles of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. A mencan ( 'olonial,249g6. 
 
 American landscape style, see Land- 
 scape design — Styles. Aim rican 
 landscape style. OlmsU d, 239. 
 
 Amphitheaters, 3198. 
 
 See also Stadiums; Theaters, 
 Outdoor. 
 
 Amusement parks,** 5700-5725. 
 
 Ancient history of landscape archi- 
 tecture, see Landscape archi- 
 tecture — History. Ancient, 
 215-224. 
 
 Animals — In landscape, 3825. 
 
 Animals * * — Reservations for protec- 
 tion, 6252. 
 
 Announcements, Professional, of the 
 landscape architect, see Land- 
 scape architecture — Profes- 
 sional practice. Announce- 
 ments, 1224. 
 
 Annuals (herbaceous plants), see Her- 
 baceous plants, Annual, 2781. 
 
 Apiaries, 3117. 
 
 Appreciation of landscape, see Land- 
 scape appreciation, 1020. 
 
 Aquariums, 5765. 
 
 Aquatic plants, see Plants, Water, 
 (1997), 2792. 
 
 Aqueducts, Garden, 3452. 
 
 Arborescent plants, see Shrubs, 2400- 
 2650. 
 
 Arboretums,** 5850-5875. 
 
 See also Botanical gardens. 
 
 Arboriculture, 2150. 
 
 Sec also Forests and forestry; 
 Horticulture; Tree planting; 
 Trees. 
 
 Arbors, 3160. 
 
 See also Peregolas; Pleached 
 alleys; Seats, Covered. 
 
 Archery lawns, 3212, 6592. 
 
 Arches, Garden, see Garden arches, 
 3472. 
 
 " Architectural " styles of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. Formal, 1036. 
 
 99 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Architecture (Library of Congress Backstops, 3348. 
 
 Classification, NA). 
 See also Buildings. 
 
 Architecture, Domestic (NA). 
 See also Houses. 
 
 Architecture, Public (NA). 
 See also Public buildings. 
 
 Arctic vegetation, see Vegetation, Arc- 
 tic, 1985, etc. 
 
 Artificial rockwork, see Rockwork, 
 Artificial, 1775. 
 
 Asphalt pavements, see Pavements, 
 Asphalt, 3610m6.2. 
 
 Asylums — Grounds, see Hospitals, 
 asylums, etc. — Grounds, 
 5200-5225. 
 
 Athletic fields,** 6575. 
 
 See also Playgrounds; Sports and 
 games — Grounds. 
 
 Atmosphere — In landscape composi- 
 tion, 1156, 1540. 
 See also Sky, clouds, etc. 
 
 Atmospheric perspective, see Atmos- 
 phere — In landscape compo- 
 sition, 1156. 
 
 Automobile camping grounds, see 
 Camps, Recreation, 5180-5195. 
 
 Automobiles, 3604. 
 
 See also Parks — Roads and paths; 
 Roads; Turnarounds. 
 
 Autumn foliage, see Plants — Foliage. 
 Autumn, 1918; Trees — Sea- 
 sonal appearance. Autumn, 
 2218. 
 
 Autumn gardens, see Gardens — Sea- 
 sonal effects. Autumn, 4394. 
 
 Avenues, see Allees, 2130; Roads, 
 entrance to estates, etc., 3627. 
 
 Aviaries, 5765. 
 
 Aviation fields, 6588. 
 
 Axial arrangements — In landscape 
 composition, 1182. 
 
 B 
 
 Babylonian gardens, see Gardens, 
 Ancient; Landscape architec- 
 ture — History. Ancient; Land- 
 scape design — Styles. Egyptian 
 and Mesopotamian; 217. 
 
 Backgrounds, in landscape composi- 
 tion, see Landscape composi- 
 tion, 1179. 
 
 See also Baseball grounds; Ten- 
 nis courts; etc. 
 
 Backyard gardens, see Gardens, Back- 
 yard, 4384. 
 
 Balance in landscape composition, see 
 Landscape composition, 1123- 
 1126, 1182. 
 
 Balustrades, 3315. 
 See also Parapets. 
 
 Bandstands, 3159 
 
 Banks (Earth), 1782-1784. 
 
 See also Beaches ; Boulder banks ; 
 Cliffs; Earthwork; Embank- 
 ments; Shores; Slopes. 
 
 Bark, see Plants — Bark, 1930, etc. 
 
 Barns and barnyards, see Farm build- 
 ings; Stables and stableyards; 
 3105. 
 
 Baroque (Italian) style of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. Italian Renaissance. 
 Baroque, 232. 
 
 Baseball fields, 6582. 
 
 Basins, see Pools, basins, etc., 3448- 
 3449. 
 
 Basketball fields, 6594. 
 
 Bath-houses, 3172. 
 
 Bath-houses, Public, 6637. 
 
 Bathing beaches, 6631. 
 
 Bays, see Shores, 1701. 
 
 Beaches, 1702-1705. 
 
 See also Bathing beaches, 
 
 " Beautiful," The, see Landscape de- 
 sign — Esthetic theory; Land- 
 scape effects; 1065. 
 
 Beauty, in landscape, see Landscape 
 design — Esthetic theory, 1010- 
 1079. 
 
 Bedding plants, 2794. 
 See also Carpet beds. 
 
 Beds (Plant) , see Bedding plants, 2794 ; 
 Carpet beds, 2733; Herbaceous 
 beds and borders, 2724, 2731; 
 Shrub beds, 2423. 
 
 Bee-attracting plants, see Plants, Bee- 
 attracting, 2060. 
 
 Beehives, see Apiaries, 3117. 
 
 Benches, Garden, sec Scats, Garden, 
 3482. 
 
 Berms, see Banks (Earth), 1782-1784; 
 Roadside grading, 3608. 
 
 100 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Berries, see Plants — Fruit, 1925, etc. 
 
 Bibliography of landscape architec- 
 ture, see Landscape, architec- 
 ture — Bibliography, 0. 
 
 Bicycle paths, 3635. 
 
 Biennials (herbaceous plants), see 
 Herbaceous plants, Biennial, 
 2782. 
 
 Billboards, 575. 
 
 Biography of landscape architecture, 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 Biography, 200-205. 
 
 Bird-attracting plants, see Plants, 
 Bird-attracting, 2059. 
 
 Bird-baths, 3458. 
 
 Bird gardens, see Gardens, Bird, 4465. 
 
 Bird-houses, 3115. 
 
 Bird sanctuaries,** 6254. 
 
 Birdseye perspectives, see Perspective 
 drawings, Birdseye, 1274. 
 
 Birdseye views, see Perspective draw- 
 ings, Birdseye, 1274. 
 
 Bituminous pavements, see Pave- 
 ments, Bituminous, 3610m6.2. 
 
 " Black-line " prints, see Reproduction 
 of drawings — Prints, 1304. 
 
 Blasting, 1434. 
 
 Block-interior playgrounds, see Play- 
 grounds, Block-interior, 6565. 
 
 Blue prints, see Reproduction of draw- 
 ings— Prints, 1301. 
 
 Boat-houses, 3170. 
 
 Boat-houses, Public, 6638. 
 
 Boat-landings, 3171. 
 
 Bog and marsh plants, see Plants, Bog 
 and marsh, 1996, etc. 
 
 Bog gardens, see Gardens, Bog and 
 marsh, 4443. 
 
 Bogs, see Marshes, 1720-1726. 
 
 Border plantations, 1824, 2124, 2424. 
 See also Windbreaks. 
 
 Borders, Box, see Edgings, Box, 2429. 
 
 Borders, Herbaceous, see Herbaceous 
 beds and borders, 2724. 
 
 Bosquets, 2145. 
 
 See also Woodlands. 
 
 Botanical gardens,** 5800-5825. 
 
 Boulder banks, 1782. 
 
 Boulder beaches, see Beaches, 1705. 
 
 Boulders, see Rocks — In landscape, 
 1771. 
 
 Boundaries, in landscape composition, 
 
 see Landscape composition, 
 1192. 
 
 Boundary plantations, sec Border 
 plantations, 1824, etc. 
 
 Bowling greens, 3211, 6592. 
 
 Bowling rinks, see Bowling greens, 
 3211, 6592. 
 
 Box edgings, see Edgings, Box, 2429. 
 
 Boxes, Plant, see Flower pots and 
 boxes; Tree boxes, pots, etc.; 
 Window boxes; 3465-3467. 
 
 Brick, 3000m4. 
 
 Brick pavements, see Pavements, 
 Brick, 3610ro4. 
 
 Bridges,** 3500-3534. 
 
 See also Parks — Bridges, 
 
 Bridges, Draw, 3523. 
 
 Bridges, Foot, 3527. 
 
 Bridges, Railroad, 3529. 
 
 Bridges, Road, 3526. 
 
 Bridle paths, 3634. 
 
 Broken stone (as material of roads 
 and paths), see Roads, Broken 
 stone, 3610m7.5. 
 
 Bronzework, 3000m8. 
 
 Brooks, 1694. 
 
 Buffers, 3620. 
 
 See also Gates and gateways, En- 
 trance to estates, etc. 
 
 Building groups, 3054. 
 
 Building groups, Residential, 3054.5. 
 See also Estates (Private) — 
 Grouping. 
 
 Buildings,** 3050-3090. 
 
 See also Cemeteries — Buildings; 
 Farm buildings; Parks — Build- 
 ings; Playgrounds — Build- 
 ings; Pleasure buildings and 
 structures; Public buildings; 
 Service buildings and struc- 
 tures. 
 
 Buildings — Adaptation to topography, 
 3050. 
 
 Buildings — In landscape, 3050. 
 
 Buildings, Plantations in relation to, 
 see Plantations — Relation to 
 buildings, 1841. 
 
 Bulbous plants, 2787. 
 
 See also Gardens, Bulb. 
 
 Bulbs, sec Bulbous plants, 2787. 
 
 Bulkheads, see Shores — Structural 
 treatment, 3255. 
 
 101 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Camps,** Recreation, 5180-5195. 
 See also Parks — Concessions. 
 
 Canals,** 3491. 
 
 Canals, Garden, see Pools, basins, etc., 
 3448. 
 
 Capitols ''—Grounds, 5510-5525. 
 
 Carpet beds, 2733. 
 
 See also Bedding plants; Knots; 
 Parterres. 
 
 Cartouches, 1313. 
 
 Cascades (Artificial), 3450. 
 See also Waterfalls. 
 
 Casini,. see Pavilions, shelters, etc. ,3155. 
 
 Casting pools, 6594. 
 
 Castles — Grounds, 5047. 
 
 Catalogues (Nursery and other deal- 
 ers), see Landscape architecture 
 — Professional practice. Office 
 organization and equipment; 
 Nurseries (Plant) — Catalogues; 
 1238. 
 
 Catch-basins, 3743. 
 
 Causeways, 3631. 
 
 Cement concrete, see Concrete, 3000m 
 6. 
 
 Cement pavements, see Pavements, 
 Cement concrete, 3610m0. 
 
 Cement stucco, see Stucco, 3000m2. 
 
 Cemeteries,** 5900-5945. 
 
 — Administration, 5903. 
 
 — Buildings, 5917. 
 
 — Construction anil maintenance, 
 
 5940. 
 
 — Design, 5905-5029. 
 
 — Lots, 5914. 
 
 — Monuments, see Monuments — 
 
 In cemeteries, 5910. 
 
 — Planting, 5913. 
 
 — Roads and paths, 5918. 
 
 — Societies, 5902. 
 
 Central heating, see Heating — Cen- 
 tral station systems, 3763. 
 
 Character, Landscape, see Landscape 
 character, 1050-1055. 
 
 Charges, Professional, of landscape 
 architect, see Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Professional prac- 
 tice. Charges, 1212. 
 
 Chemical fertilizers, see Fertilizers, 
 1853.3. 
 
 Children's gardens, see Gardens, Chil- 
 dren's, 4460. 
 
 Chinese styles of landscape design, see 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 Chinese, 244. 
 
 Churches ** — Grounds, 5300-5325. 
 
 Cinders (as material of roads and 
 paths), sec Roads, Cinder, 
 3010mS.5. 
 
 City-halls **— Grounds, 5510-5525. 
 
 City planning** (see complete sepa- 
 rate classification scheme, 
 NAC), 1 7500. 
 
 Classic styles of landscape design, see 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 Classic, 219, 1042. 
 
 Classification of landscape architec- 
 ture, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Classification, 254. 
 
 Clay soil, Plants enduring, see Plants, 
 Clay-loving, 2001, etc. 
 
 Clearing the ground, see Landscape 
 construction and maintenance, 
 1410. 
 
 Clients, see Landscape architecture — 
 Professional practice, 1217- 
 1219. 
 
 Cliffs, 1774. 
 
 Climate, Effect on landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Style, 
 1031 ; Plants — Environments, 
 1851.1, 1981, etc. 
 
 Climax, in landscape composition, sec 
 Landscape composition, 1111. 
 
 Climbers, see Vines, climbers, etc., 
 1885, etc. 
 
 Clipped allees, see Allees, 2131. 
 
 Clippings, Landscape architecture 
 (General collections), 290. 
 
 Cloister garths, see Gardens, Monas- 
 tic, 226. 
 
 Clouds, see Sky, clouds,etc, 1540-1550. 
 
 Clubs, Country, see Country clubs — 
 Grounds, 5100-5125. " 
 
 Clumps, see Tree and shrub groups, 
 1823, 2123, 2423. 
 
 Coasting grounds, see Winter sports, 
 Areas for, 6293. 
 
 Code of ethics of landscape architect, 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 Professional practice, 1211. 
 
 1 Described on p. 7. 
 
 102 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Cold frames, see Hotbeds and cold 
 frames, (1864), 3145. 
 
 College courses in landscape archi- 
 tecture, see Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Study mill teaching, 
 935. 
 
 Colleges,** schools (private), etc. — 
 Grounds, 5250-5275. 
 
 Colonial gardens, see Gardens — U. S. 
 Colonial, 4706; Landscape de- 
 sign — Styles. American Co- 
 lonial, 249ff6. 
 
 Colonnades, Free-standing, 3164. 
 
 Color — In gardens, see Gardens — 
 Color effects, 4450. 
 
 Color — In landscape composition, 
 1147. 
 .See also Gardens — Color effects; 
 Plants — Color. 
 
 Color — In representation, sec Render- 
 ing in color, 1295-1299. 
 
 Color of vegetation, see Plants — 
 Color, 1965, etc. 
 
 Commons, 6400-6450. 
 
 Competitions in landscape archi- 
 tecture, see Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Competitions, 1225. 
 
 Competitive examinations in land- 
 scape architecture, see Land- 
 scape architecture — Competi- 
 tive examinations, 1228. 
 
 ('( imposition, Landscape, see Land- 
 scape composition, 1100-1199. 
 
 Compositions, Pictorial, see Land- 
 scape composition, 1174-1185. 
 
 Compost, see Fertilizers, 1853.4. 
 
 Compost yards, see Gardener's yards, 
 3138. 
 
 Concert gardens, 5730-5745. 
 See also Music courts, 
 
 Concessions, see Amusement parks, 
 5702; Expositions — Grounds, 
 5602; Fair grounds, 5652; 
 Parks — Concessions, 6022. 
 
 Concrete, 3000?ra6. 
 
 Concrete pavements, see Pavements, 
 Cement concrete, 3610m6. 
 
 Conduits,** Electric, (1426), 3710. 
 
 Conferences on landscape architec- 
 ture, see Lansdcape architec- 
 ture — Congresses, (40)-46. 
 
 Congresses on landscape architecture, 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 Congresses, (40)-46. 
 
 Conifers, see Trees, Evergreen, 2208. 
 
 Conservatories, see Greenhouses 
 (1864), 3140. 
 
 Construction, Landscape, see Land- 
 scape construction and main- 
 tenance, 1400-U490). 
 
 Construction, Materials of, see Ma- 
 terials of construction, 3000m 
 1-9. 
 
 Construction plans, see Plans, Con- 
 struction, 1278. 
 
 Contractors, 1221. 
 
 See also Labor; Nurserymen, 
 
 Contracts and specifications, 1344. 
 
 Contrast, in landscape composition, 
 see Landscape composition, 
 1111. 
 
 Conventions on landscape architec- 
 ture, see Landscape Architec- 
 ture — Congresses (40)-46. 
 
 Cooperation in professional practice 
 of landscape architecture, see 
 Landscape architecture — Pro- 
 fessional practice. Cooperation, 
 1220. 
 
 Copings, 3317. 
 
 " Correspondence courses " in land- 
 scape architecture, see Land- 
 scape architecture — Study and 
 leaching, 939. 
 
 Cost estimates, see Estimates, 1346. 
 
 Cost of construction and maintenance, 
 see Landscape construction 
 and maintenance — Cost, 1402- 
 1404. 
 
 Country clubs** — Grounds, 5100- 
 5125. 
 
 Country estates, see Estates (Private), 
 Country, 5025-5048. 
 
 Country hotels, see Hotels — Grounds, 
 5150-5175. 
 
 Country houses, see Houses, Country, 
 3066. 
 
 Country parks, see Parks, Landscape, 
 (6029), 6329. 
 
 Countryside improvement, see Rural 
 improvement, 573. 
 
 County fair grounds, see Fair grounds. 
 5650-5675. 
 
 103 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 County parks, see Parks, Metropolitan I Dictionaries of landscape architec- 
 
 and county, 6120. 
 
 Court-houses — Grounds, 5510-5525. 
 
 Courts, see Courtyards, 4386; Fore- 
 courts, 3627.1; Music courts, 
 3198; Service yards, 3132; 
 Tennis courts, 3205, 6590; etc. 
 
 Courts, Entrance, see Forecourts, 
 3627.1. 
 
 Courts, Service, see Service yards, 
 3132. 
 
 Courtyard gardens, see Courtyards, 
 4386. 
 
 Courtyards, 4386. 
 
 See also Forecourts; Service 
 yards. 
 
 Crayon drawing, see Drawing, Crayon, 
 1296. 
 
 Creepers, see Vines, climbers, etc., 
 1885, etc. 
 
 Cricket grounds, 6583. 
 
 Criticism in landscape design, see 
 Landscape architecture — Study 
 and teaching, 911; Landscape 
 design — Esthetic theory, 1020. 
 
 Crop rotation, see Rotation of crops, 
 1853.8. 
 
 Croquet lawns, 3208. 
 
 Cross-sections, 1282. 
 
 Crowds — In landscape, 3815. 
 
 Culverts, 3743. 
 
 Curbs (Road), 3620. 
 
 Cut-flower gardens, see Gardens, Cut- 
 flower, 4525-4545. 
 
 Cut flowers, see Herbaceous plants, 
 Cut-flower, 2793. 
 
 D 
 
 Dams,** 3495. 
 
 Deciduous plants, see Plants, Decidu- 
 ous, 1910, etc. 
 
 Deer parks, 5048. 
 
 Defence, Reservations for, see Mili- 
 tary reservations, 6260. 
 
 Desert plants, see Plants, Desert, 
 1992, etc. 
 
 Design, Landscape, see Landscape de- 
 sign, 1000-1199. 
 
 Design, Planting, see Planting design, 
 1805-1849, etc. 
 
 Details, see Plans, Detail, 1278. 
 
 ture, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Dictionaries, etc., 190. 
 
 Directories of landscape architecture, 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 Directories, 195. 
 
 Diseases of plants, see Plants — Di- 
 seases and pests, 1865—1868.3. 
 
 Distance, Planes of, in landscape com- 
 position, see Landscape com- 
 position, 1180. 
 
 Ditching, see Drainage; Pipes and 
 pipe-laying; (1418), 3730-3753. 
 
 Dooryard gardens, see Gardens, Door- 
 yard, 4382. 
 
 Dovecotes, 3115. 
 
 Drafting, see Drawing, 1251-1330. 
 
 Drafting instruments, sec Drawing 
 instruments, 1251.5. 
 
 Drain-inlets, 3743. 
 
 Drainage, (1418), 1854, 3740-3748. 
 See also Irrigation. 
 
 Drainage, Storm water, see Drainage, 
 Surface, 3740-3743. 
 
 Drainage, Subsurface, 3745-3748. 
 
 Drainage, Surface, 3740-3743. 
 
 Draughting, see Drawing, 1251-1330. 
 
 Drawbridges, see Bridges, Draw, 
 3523. 
 
 Drawing, 1251-1330. 
 
 See also Painting; Rendering; 
 Reproduction of drawings; and 
 headings beginning: Repre- 
 sentation. 
 
 Drawing, Crayon, 129G. 
 
 Drawing, Freehand, 1251. 
 
 Drawing, Landscape, 1251. 
 
 Drawing, Line, 1290. 
 
 Drawing, Pastel, 1296. 
 
 Drawing, Pen and ink, 1292. 
 
 Drawing, Pencil, 1291. 
 
 Drawing, Wash, 1293-1295. 
 
 Drawing instruments, 1251.5. 
 
 Drawings, Reproduction of, see Re- 
 production of drawings, 1300- 
 1309. 
 
 Drill grounds, 5950-5965. 
 
 Drinking fountains, 3419, (3447.1). 
 
 Drives, see Roads, 3600-3636. 
 
 Dunes, Sand, 1765. 
 
 Dust prevention, 3613. 
 
 See also Road binders. 
 
 104 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Dutch style of landscape design, see 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 Dutch, 235. 
 
 E 
 
 Earth roads, see Roads, Earth, 3610m 
 8.5. 
 
 Earthwork, 1431. 
 
 See also Banks (Earth); Em- 
 bankments; Grading; Shores. 
 
 Economic theory of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Eco- 
 nomic theory, • 1005). 
 
 Edgings, 1827, 2429, 2729. 
 See also Lawn guards. 
 
 Edgings, Box, 2420. 
 
 Edgings, Herbaceous, 2729. 
 
 Educational campaigns for landscape 
 improvement, see Landscape 
 improvement — Educational 
 campaigns, 540 "vis. 
 
 Effects, Landscape, see Landscape 
 effects, 1060-1079. 
 
 Egyptian style of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles. 
 Egyptian and Mesopotamian, 
 217. 
 
 Electric conduits, see Conduits, Elec- 
 tric, (1426). 3710. 
 
 Electric lighting, 3772. 
 
 See also Conduits, Electric; Wires, 
 Overhead. 
 
 Electric power supply, 377:1. 
 
 Elements in landscape and landscape 
 design, see Landscape design, 
 and the special elements: 
 Ground forms, Plants, Struc- 
 tures, etc.; 1500-3840. 
 
 Elevations (drawings in elevation), 
 1270-1272. 
 
 Elevations (figures of elevation), see 
 Topographical maps, 1241; 
 Plans, Grading, 1278; etc. 
 
 Elizabethan style of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles. 
 English Renaissance. Tudor. 
 Elizabethan, 234. 
 
 Embankments, 3245, 3250. 
 
 Encyclopedias of landscape architec- 
 ture, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Dictionaries, etc., 190. 
 
 Enframements, in landscape composi- 
 tion, see Landscape composi- 
 tion, 1177. 
 
 Engineering (Library of Congress 
 Classification, T). 
 
 English " Landscape School," see 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 English " Landscape School," 
 237. 
 
 English Renaissance styles of land- 
 scape design, see Landscape 
 design — Styles. English Re- 
 naissance. Tudor. Elizabethan , 
 234. 
 
 Entrance drives, see Roads, Entrance 
 to estates, etc., 3627. 
 
 Entrance gates and gateways, see 
 Gates and gateways, Entrance 
 to estates, etc., 3361. 
 
 Entrance paths, see Paths, Entrance 
 to estates, etc., 3643. 
 
 Entrance roads, see Roads, Entrance 
 to estates, etc., 3627. 
 
 Entrance turns, see Turnarounds, 
 3627. 
 
 Entrances, Garden, see Gates and 
 gateways, Garden, 3362. 
 
 Entrances, Park, see Parks — En- 
 trances, 6039. 
 
 Entrances, Service, see Paths, En- 
 trance to estates, etc., 3643; 
 Roads, Service, 3628. 
 
 Equipment of landscape architect's 
 office, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Professional practice. 
 Office organization and equip- 
 ment, 1230-1239. 
 
 Espalier trees, see Fruit trees, Trained, 
 2135. 
 
 Essays on landscape architecture, see 
 Landscape architecture, 265- 
 270. 
 
 Estate management, (1495), 4920. 
 
 Estates** (Private), 4700-5048. (Geo- 
 graphical subdivision to be 
 used.) 
 See also Land subdivision; Sum- 
 mer colonies. 
 
 Estates (Private) — Construction ami 
 maintenance, 4920. 
 See also Landscape construction 
 and maintenance. 
 
 105 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Estates (Private) — Design, 4900- 
 4918. 
 
 Estates (Private) — Grouping, 4918, 
 4930, 4980. 
 See also Building groups, Resi- 
 dential. 
 
 Estates (Private) — Planting, 1849. 
 
 Estates (Private), Country, 5025- 
 5048. 
 See also Castles — Grounds; Deer 
 parks; Farms; Game pre- 
 serves (Private) ; Houses, Coun- 
 try. 
 
 Estates (Private), Hillside, 4913. 
 
 Estates (Private), Hilltop, 4914. 
 
 Estates (Private), House-lot, 4925- 
 4945. 
 See also Houses, Small. 
 
 Estates (Private), Large, see Estates 
 (Private), Country, 5025-5048. 
 
 Estates (Private), Rocky, 4912. 
 
 Estates (Private,) Seashore, 4910. 
 
 Estates (Private), Small, see Estates 
 (Private), Suburban, 4975- 
 4995. 
 
 Estates (Private), Suburban, 4975- 
 4995. 
 See also Houses, Suburban. 
 
 Estates (Private), Waterside, 4909. 
 
 Esthetic theory of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Esthetic 
 theory, 1010-1079. 
 
 Estimates, 1346. 
 
 Ethics, Code of, of landscape archi- 
 tect, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Professional practice, 
 1211. 
 
 Evergreens, 1907-1909, 2207-2209, 
 2507-2509. 
 See also Shrubs, Evergreen; Trees, 
 Evergreen. 
 
 Examinations in landscape architec- 
 ture, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Competitive examina- 
 tions, 1228; Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Professional practice. 
 Registration examinations, 1215. 
 
 Excavation, 1431. 
 
 Exedrae, 3484. 
 
 Exhibition gardens, see Gardens — 
 Exhibitions, 4405. 
 
 Exhibitions of landscape architecture, 
 see Landscape architecture — > 
 Exhibitions, (50)-65. 
 
 Exhibitions of landscape improve- 
 ment, sec Landscape improve- 
 ment — Exhibitions, 546. 
 
 Exotic plants, see Greenhouse and 
 house plants, 2042, 2796-2797; 
 Plants, Tropical, 1982, etc. 
 
 Expositions** — Grounds, 5600-5625. 
 
 Extension work in landscape improve- 
 ment, see Landscape improve- 
 ment — University extension, 
 515. 
 
 Factories** — Grounds, 5400-5425. 
 
 Fair grounds,** 5650-5675. 
 
 Fall gardens, see Gardens — Seasonal 
 appearance. Autumn, 4394. 
 
 Farm buildings, 3105. 
 
 Farm management, (1495), 5070. 
 
 Farms, 5050-5075. 
 
 Fences,** 3340-3348. 
 
 Fences, Sunk, 3346. 
 
 Ferns, 2790. 
 
 Fertilizers, 1853.1-1853.5. 
 
 Field events, Areas for, 6584. 
 
 Field hockey, see Hockey fields, 6594. 
 
 Fieldhouses, see Playgrounds — Build- 
 ings, 6536. 
 
 Filing systems for landscape architect's 
 office, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Professional practice. 
 Office organization and equip- 
 ment, 1235. 
 
 Finals, Post, see Posts and post- 
 finials, 3318. 
 
 Fireplaces, Outdoor, 6037. 
 
 Fish ponds, see Lakes, ponds, etc., 
 1680-1686; Pools, basins, etc., 
 3448. 
 
 Floriculture, 2750. 
 
 See also Horticulture. 
 
 Flower, see Flowers (popular writings) ; 
 Plants — Flower, 1920, etc. 
 
 Flower beds, see Carpet beds, 2733; 
 Herbaceous beds and borders, 
 2731. 
 
 Flower color, sec Plants — Flower, 
 1922, etc. 
 
 106 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Flower gardens, see Gardens, Cut- 
 flower, 4525—1545; Gardens, 
 Herbaceous, 4421-444S. 
 
 Flower pots and boxes (Ornamental), 
 3466. 
 See also Urns, vases, etc.; Win- 
 dow boxes. 
 
 Flowers (popular writings), 1920. 
 
 Flowers for cutting, see Herbaceous 
 plants, Cut-flower, 2793. 
 
 Foliage, see Plants — Foliage, 1905- 
 19 is, etc. 
 
 Foliage plants, see Plants — Foliage, 
 1905, etc. 
 
 Football fields, 6581. 
 
 Footpaths, see Paths, 3640-(364S). 
 
 Forecourts, 3027. 1. 
 
 Foregrounds, in landscape composi- 
 tion, see Landscape composi- 
 tion, 1178. 
 
 Forest reservations,** 0126-0144. 
 
 See also Woodlands; and head- 
 ings beginning: Forests and 
 forestry. 
 
 Forest trees, see Trees; Forests* and 
 forestry; 2350. 
 
 Forests and forestry (Library of Con- 
 gress Classification, SD). 
 
 Forests and forestry, Esthetic, 3925. 
 See also Woodlands. 
 
 Forests and forestry, Municipal, 6139. 
 
 Forests and forestry, National, 6135. 
 
 Forests and forestry, Private, 6141. 
 
 Forests and forestry, State, 6137. 
 
 Form — In landscape composition, see 
 Shape — In landscape compo- 
 sition, 1137-1138. 
 
 Form of plants, see Plants — Habit 
 and shape, 1935-(1955), etc. 
 
 Formal design, see Landscape design 
 — Styles. Formal, 1036. 
 
 Formal gardens, see Gardens, Formal, 
 4272. 
 
 Formal grading, see Grading, 1431- 
 1433; Panels, Sunk, 3240; 
 Parterres, 3217: Terraces, 
 3230-3234; etc. 
 
 Formal parks, see Parks, Formal, 602s, 
 etc. 
 
 Formal styles of landscape design, sec 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 Formal, 1036; and ot her special 
 
 subdivisions relating to specific 
 formal styles, e.g., Italian Re- 
 naissance. 
 
 Foundations (of structures), 3335. 
 
 Fountain basins, see Fountains, 3446- 
 3447; Pools, basins, etc., 3448. 
 
 Fountains ' 3446-3447. 
 
 See oho Drinking fountains; Pools, 
 basins, etc. 
 
 Fountains, Wall, 3447. 
 
 " Freak " plants, see Plant curiosi- 
 ties, 1895, etc. 
 
 Freehand drawing, see Drawing, Free- 
 hand, 1251. 
 
 French curves, see Drawing instru- 
 ments, 1251.5. 
 
 French Grand style of landscape de- 
 sign, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. French Grand. Le 
 Notre, 236. 
 
 French informal style of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. French informal, 238. 
 
 French Renaissance style of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. French Renaissance, 
 233. 
 
 Front turns, see Turnarounds, 3627. 
 
 Fruit (of plants in general), see Plants 
 — Fruit, 1925, etc. 
 
 Fruit-culture, 2150. 
 
 Fruit gardens, see Gardens, Fruit, 
 4414. 
 
 Fruit trees, 2225. 
 
 See also Orchards. 
 
 Fruit trees, Trained, 2135. 
 
 Full-sized details, see Plans, Detail, 
 1278. 
 
 Furniture, Garden, see Garden furni- 
 ture, 3425-3486; Seats, Car- 
 den, 3482-3484; Tables, Gar- 
 den, 3486. 
 
 Game preserves (Private), 5048. 
 
 Games and sports — Grounds, see 
 Sports and games — Grounds, 
 6580-6594. 
 
 (lames for playgrounds, see Play- 
 grounds — Games, 6520. 
 
 1 If l lie City Planning Classification and 
 headings are also used, Fountains may be 
 divided into Garden and Civic. 
 
 107 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Garage yards, see Garages and garage 
 yards, 3130. 
 
 Garages and garage yards, 3130. 
 See also Service yards. 
 
 Garden arches, 3472. 
 
 Garden contests, see Gardens, Vege- 
 table, 4525; Yard improve- 
 ment, 565. 
 
 Garden entrances, see Gates and Gate- 
 ways, Garden, 3362. 
 
 Garden furniture,** 3425-3486. 
 
 See also names of special objects, 
 e.g., Fountains; Sundials; etc. 
 
 ( larden gates, see Gates and gateways, 
 Garden, 3362. 
 
 Garden houses, see Arbors, 3160; 
 Gazebos, 3153; Pavilions, 
 shelters, etc., 3155. 
 
 Garden pottery, see Pottery, Garden, 
 3430m7. 
 
 Garden seats, see. Seats, Garden, 3482- 
 3484. 
 
 Garden tables, 3486. 
 
 Garden theaters, see Theaters, Gar- 
 den, 3195. 
 
 Gardener's yards, 3138. 
 
 Gardeners, 1222.5. 
 
 " Gardenesque " style of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. Informal, 1037. 
 
 Gardening, see Gardens; Gardens — ■ 
 Construction and maintenance; 
 Horticulture. 
 
 Gardens,** 4200-(4575), 4701-4884. 
 (Geographical subdivision to 
 be used.) 
 See aho Botanical gardens; Con- 
 cert gardens; Estates (Private); 
 Plants. 
 
 — Adaptation to topography, 4352, 
 
 — Color effects, 4450. 
 
 — Construction and maintenance, 
 
 4470. 
 See also Landscape construction 
 and maintenance. 
 
 — Definition, 4202. 
 
 — Design, 4250-4465. 
 
 — Exhibitions, 4405. 
 
 — History and description, 4475- 
 
 (4480). 
 See also Landscape architecture 
 — History. 
 
 Gardens (continued). 
 
 — In literature, 4225. 
 
 — In parks, 6034.5. 
 
 — Lighting, 4398. 
 
 — Night effects, 439S. 
 
 See also Gardens — Lighting. 
 
 — Seasonal effects, 4391-4395. (Sub- 
 
 divide: Spring, Summer, Au- 
 tumn. Winter.) 
 
 — Styles (General), see Landscape 
 
 design — Styles, 4270-(4280). 
 For different kinds of gardens, 
 see headings beginning Gar- 
 dens, e.g., Gardens, Alpine; 
 Gardens, Formal. 
 
 — 17se, 4230. 
 Gardens, Alpine, 4441. 
 
 See also Gardens, Rock; Plants, 
 Alpine. 
 Gardens, Ancient, 215-224. 
 
 See also Landscape architecture 
 
 — History. Ancient; Land- 
 scape design — Styles. Clas- 
 sic; Landscape design — Styles. 
 Egyptian and M esopotamian. 
 
 Gardens, Annual, 4431. 
 
 See also Herbaceous plants, An- 
 nual. 
 
 Gardens, Autumn, see Gardens — 
 Seasonal effects. Autumn, 4394. 
 
 Gardens, Babylonian, see Gardens, 
 Ancient; Landscape architec- 
 ture — History, Ancient; Land 
 scape design — Styles . Egyptia n 
 and Mesopotamian; 217. 
 
 Gardens, Backyard, 4384. 
 
 Gardens, Bird, 4465. 
 
 Gardens, Bog and marsh, 4443. 
 
 See also Plants, Bog and marsh. 
 
 Gardens, Botanical, see Botanical gar- 
 dens, 5800-5825. 
 
 Gardens, Bulb, 4437. 
 
 See also Bulbous plants. 
 
 Gardens, Children's, 4460. 
 
 Gardens, Chinese, see Gardens — 
 China, 4865; Landscape design 
 
 — Styles. Chinese, 244. 
 Gardens, Colonial, see Gardens — ■ 
 
 U. S. Colonial, 4706; Gar- 
 dens, " Old-fashioned," 4465. 
 Gardens, Concert, see Concert gar- 
 dens, 5730-5745. 
 
 108 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Gardens, Courtyard, see Courtyards, Gardens, Monastic, 226 
 
 4386. 
 Gardens, Cut-flower, 4525-4545. 
 Gardens, Dooryard, 4382. 
 Gardens, Egyptian, see Gardens — 
 
 Egypt, 4875; Landscape design 
 
 — Styles. Egyptian and Meso- 
 polamian, 217. 
 
 Gardens, English, sec Gardens — 
 Great Britain, 4785; Land- 
 scape design — Stijles. Eng- 
 lish Renaissance. Tudor. Eliz- 
 abethan, 234. 
 
 Gardens, Fern, 4440. 
 See also Ferns, 
 
 Gardens, Flower, see Gardens, Cut- 
 flower, 4525-4545; Gardens, 
 Herbaceous, 4421-4448. 
 
 Gardens, Formal, 427-' 
 
 Gardens, French, see Gardens — 
 France, 4797; Landscape design 
 
 — Styles. French Renaissance, 
 233; Landscape design — StyU s. 
 French Grand. Le Notre, 236. 
 
 Gardens, Fruit, 4414. 
 
 Gardens, German, see Gardens — 
 Germany, 4799; Landscape de- 
 sign — Styles. German formal, 
 1897-, 240. 
 
 Gardens, " Hanging," see Gardens, 
 Terraced, 4362. 
 
 Gardens, Herbaceous, 4421-4448. 
 See also Herbaceous plants. 
 
 Gardens, Hillside, 4362. 
 
 See also Gardens, Terraced. 
 
 Gardens, Hilltop, 4364. 
 
 Gardens, Indian, see Gardens — India, 
 4851 ; Landscape design — 
 Styles. Indian. Moghul, 247. 
 
 Gardens, Informal, 4273. 
 
 Gardens, Italian, see Gardens — Italy, 
 4803 ; Landscape design — 
 Styles. Italian Renaissance. 
 Baroque, 232. 
 
 Gardens, Japanese, see Gardens — 
 Japan, 4867; Landscape de- 
 sign — Styles. Japanese, 245. 
 
 ( iardens, Marsh, see Gardens, Bog and 
 marsh, 4443. 
 
 Gardens, Mediaeval, 225-228. 
 
 See also Gardens, Monastic; Pleas- 
 ances, Mediaeval. 
 
 Gardens, Naturalistic, 4274. 
 See also Gardens, Wild. 
 Gardens, " Old-fashioned," 4465. 
 
 See also Gardens — U. S. Colo- 
 nial; Landscape design — 
 Styles. American Colonial. 
 Gardens, Orchard, see Gardens, Fruit, 
 
 4414. 
 Gardens, Perennial, 4433. 
 
 See also Herbaceous plants, Peren- 
 nial. 
 Gardens, Persian, see Gardens — Persia, 
 4847; Landscape design — 
 Styles. Persian, 246. 
 Gardens, Pleasure, see Gardens, 4225- 
 
 (4480). 
 Gardens, Public, 6400-6450. 
 Gardens, Reserve, 4525-4545. 
 Gardens, Rock, 4441. 
 
 See also Gardens, Alpine; Plants, 
 Rock. 
 Gardens, Roof, see Roof gardens, 4388. 
 Gardens, Rose, 4418. 
 
 See also Roses, Garden. 
 Gardens, Scented, 4448. 
 
 See also Plants — Scent. 
 Gardens, School, 4460. 
 Gardens, Seashore, 4355. 
 Gardens, Service, 4525-4545. 
 Gardens, Shakesperian, 4465. 
 Gardens, Shrub, 4416. 
 
 See also Shrubs. 
 Gardens, Small, 4455. 
 Gardens, Spanish, .see Gardens — 
 Spain, 4823; Landscape de- 
 sign — Styles. Moorish, 231. 
 (iardens, Specimen, 4405. 
 
 See also Botanical gardens; Gar- 
 dens — Exhibitions; Plants, 
 Specimen. 
 Gardens, Spring, see Gardens — Sea- 
 sonal effects. Spring, 4392. 
 Gardens, Sunken, 4455. 
 
 See also Panels, Sunk. 
 Gardens, Tea, 5730-5745. 
 Gardens, Terraced, 4362. 
 
 Sec also (iardens, Hillside. 
 ( Iardens, Topiary, 4412. 
 
 Sic also Topiary work. 
 ( Iardens, Tropical, 4351. 
 (iardens. Vegetable, 4525-4545. 
 
 109 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Gardens, Vegetable — Diseases nml 
 pests, 1865. 
 
 Gardens, Vegetable, Decorative, 4536. 
 
 Gardens, Wall, 4441. 
 
 See also Plants, Rock. 
 
 Gardens, Water and Waterside, 4354, 
 4442. 
 .SeeaZsoGardens, Seashore; Plants, 
 Water. 
 
 Gardens, Wild, 4439. 
 
 See also Gardens, Naturalistic; 
 Plants, Native; Plants, Wild- 
 garden. 
 
 Gardens, Winter, see Gardens — Sea- 
 sonal effects. Winter, 4395. 
 
 Gardens, Zoological, sec Zoological 
 parks, 5750-5775. 
 
 Garlands, between posts, 33 41 m'J. 
 
 Gas-lighting, 3768. 
 
 Gas-pipes, 3768. 
 
 Gate-lodges, 3125. 
 
 Gates** and gateways, 3350-3362. 
 
 Gates and gateways, Covered, 
 3363. 
 
 Gates and gateways, Entrance to es- 
 tates, etc., 3361. 
 
 Gates and gateways, Garden, 3362. 
 See also Garden arches. 
 
 Gateways, see Gates and gateways, 
 3350-3362. 
 
 Gazebos, 3153. 
 
 Gazing globes, 3469. 
 
 General plans, see Plans, General, 
 1276. 
 
 Geology, 1640, 1852.1. 
 
 .See also Ground tonus — In 
 landscape. 
 
 " Geometrical " styles of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. Formal. 1036 
 
 German formal style. 1S97-, see 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 German formal. 1897-, 210. 
 
 Glossaries of landscape architecture, 
 . see Landscape architecture — 
 Dictionaries, etc., 190. 
 
 Golf clubs, see Country clubs — 
 Grounds, 5100 5125; Golf 
 courses, 05S9. 
 
 Golf courses, 6589. 
 
 " Good roads," sei Roads Improve- 
 ment, 570. 
 
 Grading, 1431-1433. 
 
 .See also Roadside grading. 
 
 Grading plans, see Plans, Grading, 
 I27S. 
 
 Grafting, 1860.1. 
 Grand" style of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles. 
 1'rinch Grand. Le Ndtrc, 236. 
 
 Craphical scales, see Scales, Graphical, 
 1315. 
 
 Grasses, 2788. 
 
 Gratings, Tree, si e Tree grat ings, 3420. 
 
 Gravel (as material of mads and 
 paths), see Roads, Gravel, 
 3610m8.5. 
 
 Gravel beaches, >, lScachcs, 1701. 
 
 Grazing line, 2110. 
 
 Greek style of landscape design, see 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 Classic, 219. 
 
 Greenhouse and house plants. 2042, 
 2796-2797. 
 
 Greenhouses, (1864), 3140. 
 
 Greens, Bowling, see Bowling greens, 
 3211, 6592. 
 
 Grilles, 3316.5. 
 
 Grottoes, 3185. 
 
 Ground, sec Ground forms — /// Uiml- 
 scape; Ground surface model- 
 ling; 1600-1790. 
 
 Ground cover, 2050, 2050, 2950. 
 See also Grasses. 
 
 Ground forms** — In landscape, 
 1600-1790. 
 See also Geology. 
 
 Ground surface modelling, 1785. 
 See also Slopes. 
 
 ( ! rounds, see the subdivision: Ground.-: 
 under the special types of land- 
 scape designs (accordingto use), 
 e.g., Country clubs — Grounds, 
 etc. 
 
 Groves, see Bosquets, 2145; Music 
 groves, 6034; Picnic groves, 
 6334; Woodlands, 3925. 
 
 ( Iroynes, see Shores — Structural treat- 
 ment, 3263. 
 
 Guards, Lawn, Tree, etc., see Lawn 
 guards, 3120; Tree guards, 
 3421; etc. 
 
 (lull ers. 3620. 
 
 Gymnasiums, 6536. 
 
 110 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND I-NDEX 
 
 H 
 
 " Ha-has," see Fences, Sunk, 3346. 
 Habit of plants, see Plants — Habit 
 
 and shape, 1935-(1955), etc. 
 Half-tone cuts, see Reproduction of 
 
 drawings — Half-tone cuts, 1308. 
 Harmony, in landscape composition, 
 
 see Landscape composition, 
 
 1115. 
 Heating, 3762-3763. 
 Heating — Central station systems, 
 
 3763. 
 Hedges, 1827, (2055), 2127. 2427. 
 
 •See also Border plantations; 
 
 Windbreaks. 
 Henhouses, see Farm buildings, 3105. 
 Herbaceous beds, see Herbaceous beds 
 
 and borders, 2731-2733. 
 Herbaceous beds and borders, 2720, 
 
 2724, 2731-2733. 
 Herbaceous borders, see Herbaceous 
 
 beds and borders, 2724. 
 Herbaceous edgings, see Edgings, 
 
 Herbaceous, 2729. 
 Herbaceous gardens, see Gardens, Her- 
 baceous, 4421-4448. 
 Herbaceous plants,** 2700-2969. 
 Herbaceous plants — Diseases and 
 
 pests, 1865. 
 Herbaceous plants — Special colors, 
 
 2822. 
 Herbaceous plants — Special seasons, 
 
 2823. 
 Herbaceous plants, Annual, 2781. 
 
 See also Gardens, Annual. 
 Herbaceous plants, Biennial. 2782. 
 Herbaceous plants, Cut-flower, 2793. 
 
 Sec also Gardens, Cut-flower. 
 Herbaceous plants, Perennial, 2783. 
 
 iSee also Gardens, Perennial. 
 Herbaceous vines, see Vines, climbers, 
 
 etc., 2785. 
 Herbs, Sweet, 2798. 
 Hermae, 3463. 
 Hill and mountain reservations and 
 
 parks, 6230-6234. 
 Hills and mountains, 1760-1706. 
 Hillside estates, see Estates (Private), 
 
 Hillside, 4913. 
 Hillside gardens, see Gardens, Hillside, 
 
 4362. 
 
 Hilltop estates, see Estates (Private), 
 Hilltop, 4914. 
 
 Hilltop gardens, see Gardens, Hilltop, 
 4364. 
 
 Historic features** in landscape, 
 6246. 
 
 Historic styles of landscape, design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles, 
 210-249, (1049). 
 
 History of landscape architecture, see 
 Landscape architecture — His- 
 tory, 210-249. 
 
 Hitching posts, 3418. 
 
 Hockey fields, 6594. 
 
 Hockey rinks, see Skating rinks; 
 Winter sports, Areas for; 6593. 
 
 Home playgrounds, see Playgrounds, 
 Home, 6567. 
 
 Horticultural tools, see Tools, Horti- 
 cultural, 1872-1872.3. 
 
 Horticulture** (Library of Congress 
 Classification, SB), 1850-(1874), 
 1875, etc. 
 
 Hospitals,** asylums, etc. — Grounds, 
 5200-5225. 
 
 Hotbeds and cold frames, (1864), 3145. 
 
 Hotels** — Grounds, 5150-5175. 
 See also Recreation camps. 
 
 Hothouses, see Greenhouses (1864), 
 3140. 
 
 Hour of day, as affecting landscape 
 effects, 1070. 
 
 House grounds, see Estates (Private), 
 4700-5048; Yard improve- 
 ment, 565. 
 
 House lots, see Estates (Private), 
 House-lot, 4925-4945. 
 
 House plants, see Greenhouse and 
 house plants, 2042, 2797. 
 
 House terraces, see Terraces, House, 
 3234. 
 
 Houses, 3060. 
 
 Houses, Country, 3066. 
 
 See also Estates (Private), Coun- 
 try. 
 
 Houses, Small, 3062. 
 
 See also Estates (Private), House- 
 lot. 
 
 Houses, Suburban, 3064. 
 
 See also Estates (Private), Sub- 
 urban. 
 
 Hydrants, 3728. 
 
 Ill 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 i 
 
 Ice houses, see Farm buildings, 3105. 
 
 Illusions — In landscape composition, 
 1160. 
 
 Implements, Horticultural, see Tools, 
 Horticultural, 1872-1872.3. 
 
 Indian (Moghul) style of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. Indian. Moghid, 247. 
 
 Informal design, see Landscape design 
 — Styles. Informal, 1037. 
 
 Informal gardens, see Gardens, Infor- 
 mal, 4273. 
 
 Informal styles of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles. 
 Informal, 1037. 
 
 Insect pests, 1867-1868.3. 
 
 Instruments (general), for the use of 
 the landscape architect, see 
 Landscape architecture — Pro- 
 fessional practice. Office organi- 
 zation and equipment, 1233.2. 
 
 Instruments, Drawing, see Drawing 
 instruments, 1251.5. 
 
 Ironwork, 3000mS. 
 
 Irrigation, 1854-1854.1, 3750-3753. 
 
 Islands, 1710. 
 
 Italian styles of landscape design, see 
 
 Landscape design Styles. 
 
 Italian Renaissance. Baroque, 
 232. 
 
 J 
 
 Japanese styles of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles. 
 Japanese, 245. 
 
 Jets, Water, see Fountains, 3446. 
 
 Kitchen gardens, see Gardens, Vege- 
 table, 4525-4545. 
 
 Knots, 2734, 
 
 L 
 
 Labels, Plant, see Plant labels. 1873. 
 
 Labor, 1221.8. 
 
 Labyrinths, see Mazes, 3180. 
 
 Lake and pond reservations and parks, 
 6210-6214, 6660. 
 
 Lakes, ponds, etc., 16N0 1686. 
 
 Land subdivision,** Residential, 7100 
 
 Landscape,** 1050-1055, 3900-3975. 
 
 Landscape (continual ) . 
 
 See also Landscape preservation; 
 Reservations, Landscape. 
 
 Landscape** — Types, 3900-3975. 
 See also Meadows; Pastoral land- 
 scape; Tropical landscape; 
 Woodlands: etc. 
 
 Landscape appreciation,** 1020. 
 
 Landscape architect, see Landscape 
 architecture. 
 
 Landscape architect's office, sec Land- 
 scape architecture — Profes- 
 sional practice. Office organiza- 
 tion and equipment, 1230-1239. 
 
 Landscape architecture,** 250-294. 
 (General works, essays, out- 
 lines, tables, etc. i 
 
 ** — Bibliography, 0. 
 
 **— Biography, 200-205. 
 — Classification, 254. 
 
 — Competitions, 1225. 
 
 — Competitive examinations, 1228. 
 ** — Congresses, (40)-46. 
 
 — Definition, 302. 
 
 — Design, sec Landscape design, 
 
 1000-1199. 
 ** — Dictionaries, etc., 190. 
 ** — Directories, 195. 
 
 — Examinations, see Landscape 
 
 architecture — Competitive ex- 
 aminations, 122S; Landscape 
 architecture — Professional 
 practice. Registration examina- 
 tions, 1215. 
 
 **— Exhibitions, (50)-65. 
 
 See also Gardens — Exhibitions; 
 Landscape improvement — Ex- 
 hibitions. 
 
 **— History, 210-241). 
 
 Seealso Landscape design — Styles. 
 
 — History. Ancient. 215 224. 
 
 — History. Mediaeeal, 225-228. 
 
 — History. Modem, 230-242. 
 
 — History. Oriental, 243-248. 
 
 — Lectures, 265-270. 
 
 See also Landscape improvement 
 
 — Lectures. 
 
 ** — Legislation, 700. 
 
 Sic also Contracts and specifica- 
 tions; Landscape architecture 
 
 — Professional practice. Legal 
 , elations. 
 
 112 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Landscape architecture (continued). 
 **— Museums, (70)-85. 
 
 — Name, 302. 
 
 **— Periodicals, (1)-14. 
 
 — Professional opportunities, 320- 
 
 324. 
 ** — Professional practice, 1200-13.57. 
 See also Contractors; Landscape 
 architecture — Competitions; 
 Landscape architecture — Tech- 
 nical procedure; Nurserymen. 
 
 — Professional practice. Advertis- 
 
 ing and publicity, 1223. 
 
 — Professional practice. Announce- 
 
 ments, 1224. 
 
 — Professional practice. Charges, 
 
 1212. 
 
 — Professional practice. Cooperor 
 
 lion, 1220. 
 
 — Professional practice. Legal re- 
 
 lations, 1213. 
 See also Landscape architecture 
 
 — Professional practice. Regis- 
 tration. 
 
 — Professional practice. Office or- 
 ganization and equipment, 1230- 
 1239. 
 
 — Professional practice. Registra- 
 
 tion, 1215. 
 
 — Professional practice. Registra- 
 
 tion examinations, 1215. 
 
 — Professional practice. Reports, 
 
 1245, 1342. 
 
 **— Societies, (20)-39. 
 
 "*— Study and teaching, 900-998. 
 See also Landscape architecture — 
 Study tours; Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Travelling fellow- 
 ships; Landscape improve- 
 ment — Study and teaching 
 (Public schools) ; Landscape 
 improvement — University ex- 
 tension. 
 
 — Study tours, 947. 
 
 — Styles, see Landscape design — 
 
 Styles, 210-249, 1034-(1047). 
 **— Technical procedure, 1200-1357. 
 See also Landscape architecture 
 
 — Professional practice; Land- 
 scape construction and main- 
 tenance. 
 
 — Travelling fellowships, 94li. 
 
 Landscape architecture (continued). 
 — War service, 323. 
 ** — Yearbooks, 15. 
 Landscape character,** 1050-(1055). 
 
 See also Landscape — Types. 
 Landscape composition,** 1100-1199. 
 See also Atmosphere; Axial ar- 
 rangements; Color; Illusions; 
 Light and shade; Movement; 
 Night effects; Outlooks; Per- 
 spective; Scale; Seasonal ef- 
 fects; Shape; Silhouette; 
 Texture; Vistas. 
 Landscape construction ** and main- 
 tenance, 1400-(1490). 
 See also Subdivision: Construc- 
 tion and maintenance, under 
 Types (according to use), e.g., 
 Gardens, Parks, etc. 
 Landscape construction and main- 
 tenance — Cost, 1402-1404. 
 Landscape construction** and main- 
 tenance — Superintendence, 
 1355-1357. 
 Landscape design,** 911-915, 1000- 
 1199, 1246, 1346. 
 See also subdivision Design under 
 the special Types (according to 
 use), e.g., Gardens, Parks, etc. 
 ** — Economic theory, (1005), 1608, 
 1808, 3008. 
 See also Landscape designs — 
 Types, according to use. 
 **— Esthetic theory, 1010-1079. 
 
 See also Landscape character; 
 Landscape composition ; Land- 
 scape effects; Style — In land- 
 scape design. 
 **— Presentation, 1250-1346. 
 
 See also headings beginning: Rep- 
 resentation . 
 **— Styles,' 210-249, 1034-(1049). 
 See also Style — In landscape 
 design. 
 
 — Styles. American Colonial. 'M'Jgt't. 
 
 — Styles. American landscape. 
 
 Olmsted, 239. 
 
 1 The names of the styles following are those 
 most often recognized. Others may be added 
 in corresponding form. If it is desirable to 
 have an indication for styles occurring outside 
 the country of their origin, parentheses con- 
 taining the phrase, e.g., {in U.S.), (in Ger- 
 many), may be added. 
 
 113 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Landscape design (continued). 
 
 — Styles. Chinese, 244. 
 
 — Styles. Classic, 219, 1042. 
 
 — Styles. Dutch, 235. 
 
 — Styles. Egyptian and Mesopo- 
 
 tamian, 217. 
 
 — Styles. English "Landscape 
 
 School," 237. 
 
 — Styles. English Renaissance. 
 
 Tudor. Elizabethan, 234. 
 
 — Styles. Formal, 1036. 
 
 See also names of styles charac- 
 terized by formal design; e.g., 
 French Grand; Italian Renais- 
 sance. 
 
 — Styles. French Grand. Le Notre, 
 
 236. 
 
 — Styles. French informal, 238. 
 
 — Styles. French Renaissance, 233. 
 
 — Styles. German formal. 1S97-, 
 
 240. 
 
 — Styles. Greek, see Landscape de- 
 
 sign — Styles, 'Classic, 219. 
 
 — Styles. Indian. Moghul, 247. 
 
 — Styles. Informal, 1037. 
 
 See also Landscape design — 
 Styles. American landscape. 
 Olmsted; Landscape design — 
 Styles. English "Landscape 
 School "; Landscape design — 
 Styles. French informal; Land- 
 scape design — Styles. Romantic. 
 
 — Styles. Italian Renaissance' Ba- 
 
 roque, 232. 
 
 — Styles. Japanese, 245. 
 
 — Styles. Landscape, see Landscape 
 
 design — Styles. American 
 landscape, 239; — Landscape 
 design — Styles. English 
 
 " Landscape School," 237. 
 
 — Styles. Monastic, see Gardens, 
 
 Monastic, 226. 
 
 — Styles. Moorish, 231. 
 
 — Styles. Naturalistic, 1040. 
 
 See also Landscape design — 
 Styles. American landscape. 
 Olmsted; Landscape design — 
 Styles. Japanese; Landscape 
 design — Styles. Romantic. 
 
 — Styles. Persian, 246. 
 
 — Styles. Roman, see. Landscape 
 
 design — Styles. Classic, 219. 
 
 Landscape design (continued). 
 
 — Styles. Romantic, 1043. 
 Landscape designs** — Types, accord- 
 ing to use, 4000-6800 + . 
 
 See also names of types; e.g., 
 Gardens, Parks, etc. 
 
 Landscape drawing, see Drawing, 
 Landscape, 1251; Representa- 
 tion of landscape forms, 1320- 
 1330. 
 
 Landscape effects,** 1060-1079. 
 
 Landscape extension, see Landscape 
 improvement — University ex- 
 tension, 515. 
 
 Landscape forestry, see Forests and 
 forestry, Esthetic, 3925. 
 
 Landscape gardening, see Landscape 
 architecture. 
 
 Landscape improvement,** 500-590. 
 See also Billboards; Roads — 
 Improvement; Roadside plant- 
 ing; Rural improvement; War 
 memorials; Yard improve- 
 ment. 
 
 ** — Educational campaigns, 540-54S. 
 
 — Exhibitions, 546. 
 
 — Lectures, 542. 
 
 — Societies, 513. 
 
 — Study and teaching (Public 
 
 schools), 548. 
 
 — University extension, 515. 
 Landscape maintenance, see Land- 
 scape construction and main- 
 tenance, 1400-U490). 
 
 Landscape painting, 1107. 
 
 Landscape parks, see Parks, Land- 
 scape, 6029, etc. 
 
 Landscape preservation,** 6190- 
 6230. 
 See also Landscape — Types; Res- 
 ervations, Landscape. 
 
 Landscape reservations, see Reser- 
 vations, Landscape, 6190- 
 6230. 
 
 " Landscape School," see Landscape 
 design — Styles. English 
 
 " Landscape School," 237. 
 
 Landscape style, see Landscape design 
 — Styles. American landscape 
 style. Olmsted, 231); Landscape 
 design — Styles. English 
 
 " Landscape School," 237; etc. 
 
 14 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Landscape superintendence, see 
 Landscape construction and 
 maintenance — Superintend- 
 ence, 1355-1357. 
 Lanes, 3633. 
 
 Lantern slides, Landscape architec- 
 ture (General collections), 288. 
 Lanterns, Garden, 3468. 
 Lattices, trellises, treillage, etc., 
 
 3300ml. 3, 3430ml.3. 
 Laundry yards, 3134. 
 Lawn grasses, see Grasses, 2788. 
 Lawn guards, 3421. 
 Lawn mowers, 1872.3. 
 Lawn sprinkling, see Watering — 
 
 Lawns, 1854.1. 
 Lawn tennis courts, see Tennis courts, 
 
 3025, 6590. 
 La w ns, 2735. 
 
 See also Bowling greens; Croquet 
 lawns, etc.; Grasses; Panels, 
 Turf; Turf. 
 Leadwork, 3000ra8. 
 Lectures on landscape architecture, 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 Lectures, 265-270; Landscape 
 improvement — Lectures, 542. 
 Ledges, see Rocks — In landscape, 
 
 1773. 
 Legal aspects of landscape architec- 
 ture, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Legislation, 700; Land- 
 scape architecture — Profes- 
 sional practice. Legal relations, 
 ■ 1213. 
 Legislation relating to landscape arch- 
 itecture, see Landscape ar- 
 chitecture — Legislation, 700; 
 Landscape architecture — Pro- 
 fessional practice. Legal re- 
 lations, 1213; Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Professional practice. 
 Registration, 1215; Parks — 
 Legislation, 6014. 
 Le Notre, Style of, see Landscape de- 
 sign — Styles. French (hand. 
 Le Notre, 236. 
 Lettering, 1310. 
 
 Libraries** — Grounds, 5530-5545. 
 Lichens, see Mosses, lichens, etc., 
 2790.5. 
 
 1 
 
 Light and shade — In landscape com- 
 position, 1150-1154. 
 
 Lighting, 3760. 
 
 See also Electric lighting; Gar- 
 dens — Lighting; Gas-lighting ; 
 Parks — Lighting; ' Play- 
 grounds — Lighting. 
 
 Line cuts, see Reproduction of draw- 
 ings — Line cuts, 1307. 
 
 Line drawing, see Drawing, Line, 1290. 
 
 Lithographs, see Reproduction of 
 drawings — Lithographs, 1305. 
 
 Lots, Cemetery, see Cemeteries — 
 Lots, 5914. 
 
 Lots, House, sec Estates (Private), 
 House-lot, 4925-4945. 
 
 Lych gates, see Gates and gateways, 
 Covered, 3363. 
 
 M 
 
 Macadam roads, see Roads, Mac- 
 adam, 3610m7.5. 
 
 Maintenance, Landscape, see Land- 
 scape construction and main- 
 tenance, 1400-U490). 
 
 Management of types of landscape 
 designs, according to use 
 (1495), see under the special 
 types, e.g., Estate manage- 
 ment; Farm management; 
 Parks — Administration; etc. 
 
 Manholes, 3733. 
 
 Manures, see Fertilizers, 1853.2, 1853.5. 
 
 Manuscripts, Landscape architecture 
 (General collections), 292. 
 
 Maps, Topographical, see Topographi- 
 cal maps, 1241. 
 
 Marine parks, see Seashore reserva- 
 tions and parks, 6655. 
 
 Marsh gardens, see Gardens, Bog and 
 marsh, 4443. 
 
 Marsh plants, see Plants, Bog and 
 marsh, 1996, etc. 
 
 Marshes, 1720-1726. 
 
 Marshes, Fresh, 1726. 
 
 Marshes, Salt, 1724. 
 
 Masonry, 3000m3-6. 
 
 Materials of construction, 3000. 
 
 See also Names of special mate- 
 rials, e.g., Brick, Concrete, etc. 
 
 Mazes, 3190. 
 
 Meadows, 3948. 
 
 15 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Mediaeval gardens, see Gardens, Me- 
 diaeval, 225-228; Gardens, 
 Monastic, 226; Pleasances, Me- 
 diaeval, 227. 
 
 Mediaeval history of landscape archi- 
 tecture, see Landscape archi- 
 tecture — History. Mediaeval, 
 225-228. 
 
 Mediaeval pleasances, see Pleasances, 
 Mediaeval, 227. 
 
 Medicinal plants, see Plants, Medici- 
 nal, 2067. 
 
 Metalwork, 3000m8. 
 
 See also Bronzework; Ironwork; 
 Lead work. 
 
 Metropolitan parks, see Parks, Met- 
 ropolitan and county, 6120. 
 
 Military reservations, 6260. 
 
 Moats, 3492. 
 
 Models, 1331-1339. 
 
 Modern history of landscape archi- 
 tecture, see Landscape archi- 
 tecture — History. Modern, 
 230-242. 
 
 Moghul (Indian) style of landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Styles. Indian. Moghul, 247. 
 
 Mohammedan styles of landscape de- 
 sign, see Landscape design — 
 Styles, subdivisions: Indian. 
 Moghul, 247; Moorish, 231; 
 Persian, 246. 
 
 Monastic gardens, see Gardens, Mo- 
 nastic, 226. 
 
 Monotony, in landscape composition, 
 see Landscape composition, 1 120. 
 
 Monuments, 3440. 
 
 Monuments — In cemeteries, 5916. 
 
 Monuments, National, see Historic 
 features in landscape, (6230) ; 
 Parks, National, 6110. 
 
 Monuments, Natural, see Natural 
 monuments, 6244. 
 
 Moorish style of landscape design, see 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 Moorish, 231. 
 
 Mosses, lichens, etc., 2790.5. 
 
 Motor race-tracks, see Race-tracks, 
 Motor, 6586. 
 
 Motoring, Provision for in large land- 
 scape parks, see Parks — Use, 
 6010; Parks — Roads, 6039. 
 
 Mountain reservations and parks, see 
 
 Hill and mountain reservations 
 
 and parks, 6230-6234. 
 Mountains and hills, see Hills and 
 
 mountains, 1760-1766. 
 Mounting blocks, 341S. 
 Mounts (in Tudor gardens), 3243. 
 Movement — In landscape composi- 
 tion, 1158. 
 See also Animals — In landscape: 
 
 Crowds — In landscape. 
 Municipal forests, see Forests and 
 
 forestry, Municipal, 6139. 
 Municipal landscape reservations, see 
 
 Reservations, Landscape, 6190- 
 
 6230. 
 Municipal parks, see Parks, Municipal, 
 
 6120. 
 Municipal water-supply areas, see 
 
 Water-supply reservations, 
 
 6150-6172. 
 " Museum " gardens, see Botanical 
 
 gardens, 5800-5825. 
 Museums** — Grounds, 5530-5545. 
 Museums of landscape architecture, 
 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 
 Museums, (70)-85. 
 Music courts, 3198, 6034. 
 Music groves, see Music courts, 6034. 
 
 N 
 
 Name of profession of landscape arch- 
 itecture, see Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Name, 302. 
 
 Names, Plant, see Plant names, ( 1874 I, 
 1876. 
 
 National forests, see Forests and fores- 
 try, National, 6135. 
 
 National monuments, see Historic 
 features in landscape, (6240); 
 Parks, National, 6110. 
 
 National parks, see Parks, National, 
 6110. 
 
 National planning,** 9000. 
 
 Native plants, see Plants, Native (and 
 note), 1877, etc., 2789. 
 
 Natural monuments,** 6244. 
 
 Natural scenery, see Landscape, 1050- 
 (1055), 3900-3975. 
 
 Naturalistic design, see Landscape 
 design — Styles. Naturalistic, 
 1040. 
 
 116 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Naturalistic gardens, see Gardens, 
 Naturalistic, 4274; Gardens, 
 Wild, 4439. 
 
 Naturalistic styles of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles. 
 Naturalistic, 1040. 
 
 Naturalized plants, see Plants, Wild- 
 garden, (2048), 2789. 
 
 Neighborhood parks, see Parks, Neigh- 
 borhood, 6400-6450. 
 
 Niches, 3319. 
 
 Night effects — In landscape compo- 
 sition, 1154. 
 See also Gardens — Night effects. 
 
 Northpoints, 1315. 
 
 Nuisances, Plant, see Plant nuisances, 
 2069, 2969. 
 
 Nurseries (Plant), 1871. 
 
 Nurseries (Plant) — Catalogues, 1238. 
 
 Nurserymen, 1222. 
 
 O 
 
 Offices of landscape architects, see 
 Landscape architecture — Pro- 
 fessional practice. Office organ- 
 ization and equipment, 1230- 
 1239. 
 
 " Old-fashioned " gardens, see Gar- 
 dens, " Old-fashioned," 4465. 
 
 Olmstedian style of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles. 
 American landscape. Olmsted, 
 239. 
 
 Orangeries, 3180. 
 
 Orchard gardens, sec Gardens, Fruit, 
 4414. 
 
 Orchards, 2140. 
 
 See also Fruit trees. 
 
 Oriental landscape architecture, see 
 Landscape architecture — His- 
 tory. Oriental; Landscape de- 
 sign — Styles. Chinese; Jap- 
 anese; etc.; 243-248. 
 
 Orientation, 1152. 
 
 " Ornamental water," see Water — In 
 landscape, 1660; Water features 
 (architectural and sculptural), 
 3445-3452. 
 
 Outdoor life, 305. (Landscape archi- 
 tecture as promoting.) 
 
 Outdoor recreation areas, see Camps, 
 
 1 
 
 Recreation, 5180-5195; Parks, 
 6000-6800+ ; Playgrounds, 
 6500-6595; Reservations, Pub- 
 lic, 6100-6260; Waterfronts 
 Recreational, 6600-6665. 
 
 Outdoor theaters, see Theaters, Out- 
 door, 3198. 
 
 Outlooks, 1197, 3153. 
 
 See also Gazebos; Towers. 
 
 Overhead wires, see Wires, Overhead, 
 3718. 
 
 Overlooks, see Outlooks, 1197, 3153. 
 
 Pagodas, 3153. 
 
 Painting, 1251. 
 
 See also Landscape painting. 
 
 Panels, Sunk, 3240. 
 
 Panels, Turf, 2736. 
 
 Pantagraphs, see Drawing instruments 
 1251.5. 
 
 Parapets, 3311. 
 
 See also Balustrades; Copings; 
 Railings. 
 
 Park accounting, see Parks — Con- 
 struction and maintenance. Cost 
 accounting, 6041. 
 
 Park cemeteries, see Cemeteries, 5909. 
 
 Park commissions, see Parks — Com- 
 missions, 6016. 
 
 Park furniture, 6037, (6337), (6437). 
 
 Park reports, see Parks — Reports, 
 6020. 
 
 Park seats, see Seats, Park, 6037, etc. 
 
 Parks,** 6000-6800+. (Geographi- 
 cal subdivision to be used.) 
 See also Playgrounds; Reserva- 
 tions, Public. 
 
 — Administration, 6015. 
 
 See also Parks — Commission*; 
 Parks — Regulations. 
 
 — Bridges, 6038. 
 
 — Buildings, 6036, (6336), (6436). 
 See also Parks — Restaurants; Pa- 
 vilions, shelters, etc.; Play- 
 grounds — Buildings; Service 
 buildings and structures. 
 
 — Commissions, 6016. 
 
 — Concessions, 6022. 
 
 See also Camps, Recreation; 
 Parks — Restaurants. 
 
 17 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Parks (continued). 
 
 — Construction and maintenance, 
 
 6040-6045, (6340-6345), (6440- 
 6445). 
 
 — Construction and maintenance. 
 
 Cost accounting, 6041. 
 
 — Design, 6025-6039, (6325), 
 
 (6425). 
 See also Gardens — In parks. 
 
 — Entrances, 6039, (6339), (6439). 
 
 — Legislation, 6014. 
 
 — Lighting, 6037, (6337), (6437). 
 
 — Nomenclature, 6001. 
 
 — Paths, see Parks — Roads and 
 
 paths, 6039, (6339), (6439). 
 
 — Periodicals, 6002. 
 
 — Planting, 6033, (6333), (6433). 
 
 — Regulations, 6018. 
 
 — Reports, 6020. 
 
 — Restaurants, 6036, (6336), (6436). 
 See also Restaurants, Outdoor. 
 
 — Roads and paths, 6039, (6339), 
 
 (6439). 
 
 — Shelters, see Parks — Buildings, 
 
 6036, (6336), (6436). 
 
 — Societies, 6005. 
 
 — Statistics, 6009. 
 
 — Use, 6010. 
 
 Parks, Amusement, see Amusement 
 
 parks, 5700-5725. 
 Parks, Country, see Parks, Landscape, 
 
 6029, 6329. 
 Parks, County, see Parks, Metropoli- 
 tan and County, 6120. 
 Parks, Formal, 6028, 6328, 6428. (Let 
 
 attract in preference to Large 
 
 and Small.) 
 Parks, Hill and mountain, see Hill and 
 
 mountain reservations and 
 
 parks, 6230-6634. 
 Parks, Lake and pond, see Lake and 
 
 pond reservations and parks, 
 
 6660. 
 Parks, Landscape, 6029, 6329, 6429. 
 
 (Let attract in preference to 
 
 Large and Small.) 
 Parks,** Large, 6300-6355. (Prefer 
 
 Formal or Landscape to Large, 
 
 if possible.) 
 Parks, Metropolitan and county, 6120. 
 Parks, Municipal, 6120. 
 Parks, National, 6110. 
 
 Parks, Neighborhood, 6400-6450. 
 See also Parks, Small; Recrea- 
 tion centers. 
 
 Parks, River, see River reservations 
 and parks, 6665. 
 
 Parks, Seashore, tee Seashore reserva- 
 tions and parks, 6655. 
 
 Parks,** Small, 6400-6450. (Prefer 
 Formal, Landscape, or Neigh- 
 borhood, to Small, if possible.) 
 
 Parks, State, 6115. 
 
 Parks, Water, see Waterfronts, Recrea- 
 tional, 6600-6665. 
 
 Parks, Zoological, .see Zoological parks, 
 5750-5775. 
 
 Parterres, 3217. 
 
 Pastel drawing, see Drawing, Pastel, 
 1296. 
 
 Pastoral landscape, 3945. 
 
 Pastures, see Pastoral landscape, 
 3945. 
 
 Paths,** 3600-3620, 3640-(3648). 
 
 See also Bicycle paths; Bridle 
 paths; Stepping stones; Trails. 
 
 Paths, Entrance to estates, etc., 3643. 
 
 Pavements, 3610. 
 See also Roads. 
 
 Pavements, Asphalt, 3610?«6.2. 
 
 Pavements, Bituminous, 3610?»6.2. 
 See also Pavements, Asphalt. 
 
 Pavements, Brick, 3610/«4. 
 
 Pavements, Cement concrete, 3610/«6. 
 
 Pavements, Concrete, see Pavements, 
 Cement concrete, 3610m6. 
 
 Pavements, Ornamental, 3615, 3642. 
 
 Pavements, Stone, 3610;«5. 
 
 Pavements, Tar, 3610m6.5. 
 
 Pavements, Tile, 3610ra4. 
 
 Pavements, Wood, 3610ml. 
 
 Pavilions, shelters, etc., 3155. 
 
 See also Arbors; Bandstands, 
 Bath - houses ; Boat - houses ; 
 Gazebos; Pagodas; Parks — 
 Buildings; Pergolas; Tea 
 houses. 
 
 Pedestals, 3428. 
 
 See also Monuments; Statuary; 
 Sundials; Urns, vases, etc. 
 
 Pen and ink drawing, see Drawing, 
 Pen and ink, 1292. 
 
 Pencil drawing, see Drawing, Pencil, 
 1291. 
 
 118 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Perennials (herbaceous plants), see 
 Herbaceous plants, Perennial, 
 2783. 
 
 Pergolas, 3160. 
 
 See also Arbors. 
 
 Periodicals on landscape architecture, 
 parks, etc., .see Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Periodicals, (1)-14; 
 Parks — Periodicals, 0002; 
 Playgrounds — Periodicals, 
 6502. 
 
 Perrons, 3393. 
 
 Persian style of landscape design, see 
 Landscape design - - Styles. 
 Persian, 246. 
 
 Perspective, 1270-1274. 
 
 Perspective — In landscape com posi- 
 tion, 1155. 
 
 Perspective, Aerial, see Atmosphere 
 — In landscape composition, 
 1156. 
 
 Perspective, Atmospheric, see Atmos- 
 phere — In landscape compo- 
 sition, 1156. 
 
 Perspective drawings, 1270-1274. 
 
 Perspective drawings, Birdseye, 1274. 
 
 Perspectives, see Perspective draw- 
 ings, 1270. 
 
 Pests, see Insect pests; Plants — 
 Diseases and pests; Trees — 
 Diseases and /lesls; etc.; 1865- 
 1868.3. 
 
 Photographic surveying, see Survey- 
 ing, Photographic, 1241, 1244. 
 
 Photographs (Reproduction of draw- 
 ings), see Reproduction of draw- 
 ings — Photographs, 1303. 
 
 Photographs, Landscape architecture 
 (General collections), 286. 
 
 Photography, 1243. 
 
 Photography, Aerial, 1244. 
 
 .See also Surveying, Photographic, 
 Aerial, 1244. 
 
 Photolithographs, .see Reproduction 
 of drawings — Lithographs, 
 1305. 
 
 Picnic groves, 6334. 
 
 See also Fireplaces, Outdoor. 
 
 Pictorial compositions, see Landscape 
 composition, 1174-1185. 
 
 Pictorial representation, see Repre- 
 sentation (Graphic), 1270-1274. 
 
 119 
 
 " Picturesque," The, see Landscape 
 design — Esthetic theory; Land- 
 scape effects; 1066. 
 
 Piers, Recreation, 6636. 
 
 Piggeries, see Farm buildings, 3105. 
 
 Piling, see Shores — Structural treat- 
 ment, 3255. 
 
 Pipe-laying, see Pipes and pipe-laying, 
 (1420), 3710. 
 
 Pipes** and pipe-laying, (1420), 3710. 
 ,S'ce also Aqueducts; Conduits, 
 Electric; Gas-pipes; Sewer- 
 pipes; Subsurface utilities; 
 Water-pipes. 
 
 Piping, see Pipes and pipe-laying, 
 (1420), 3710. 
 
 Plains, 1740. 
 
 Planes of distance, in landscape com- 
 position, see Landscape compo- 
 sition, 1180. 
 
 Planimeters, 1251.5. 
 
 Plans, 1263-1285. 
 
 Plans, Construction, 1278. 
 
 Plans, Detail, 1278. 
 
 Plans, General, 1276. 
 
 Plans, Grading, 1278. 
 
 Plans, Landscape Architecture (Gen- 
 eral collections), 282. 
 
 Plans, Planting, 1285. 
 
 Plans, Preliminary, 1266. 
 
 Plans, Show, see Landscape design — 
 Presentation, 1251. 
 
 Plans, Topographical, see Topographi- 
 cal maps, 1241. 
 
 Plant breeding, 1860.2. 
 
 Plant introduction, 1862.1. 
 
 Plant labels, 1873. 
 
 Plant lists,' 1902, 2202, 2502, 2802. 
 
 Plant materials of landscape design, 
 see Planting design; Plants — 
 In landscape; 1800-2969. 
 
 Plant names, (1874), 1876. 
 
 Plant naturalization, see Gardens, 
 Wild, 4439; Plant introduc- 
 tion, 1862.1; Plants, Wild- 
 garden, (2048), 2789. 
 
 Plant nuisances, 2069, 2969. 
 
 .See also Poisonous plants; Weeds. 
 
 Plant order lists, 1233.5. 
 
 i The term Plant lists has been U9cd for 
 lists of plants according to size, color, uses, 
 etc.. as distinguished from Planting lists to 
 accompany planting plans. 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Plant pots and boxes, see Flower pots 
 and boxes; Tree boxes, pots, 
 etc.; Window boxes; 3466-3467. 
 
 Plant quarantine, 1865.4. 
 
 Plant windows, 3140. 
 See also Greenhouses. 
 
 Plantations,** 1820-1849, 2120-2145, 
 2420-2429, 2720-2741. 
 See also Allees; Border planta- 
 tions; Bosquets; Carpet beds; 
 Edgings; Gardens; Ground 
 cover; Hedges; Herbaceous 
 beds and borders; Lawns; 
 Orchards; Panels, Turf; Plant- 
 ing design; Pleached alleys; 
 Roadside planting; Screen 
 plantations; Seashore plant- 
 ing; Shrub beds; Topiary 
 work; Tree and shrub groups; 
 Waterside planting; Wind- 
 breaks; Woodlands. 
 
 — Maintenance, 1870. 
 
 — Relation to buildings, 1841. 
 
 — Relation to roads, see Roadside 
 
 planting, 1848. 
 
 — Relation to structures, 1840-1848. 
 
 — Relation to topography, 1835. 
 
 — Relation to water, see Seashore 
 
 planting, 1839; Waterside 
 planting, 1838. 
 
 — Seasonal effects, 1834. (Subdivide: 
 
 Spring, Summer, Autumn, Win- 
 ter.) 
 .See also Gardens — Seasonal ef- 
 fects; Plants — Seasonal ap- 
 pearance, 
 
 — Thinning, 2110. 
 
 See also Tree cutting (Landscape 
 construction). 
 
 Planting, see Plantations; Planting 
 and transplanting; Planting 
 design; Plants; (1437), 1800- 
 2969. 
 
 Planting, Roadside, see Roadside 
 planting, 1848, 2045, (3609). 
 
 Planting about buildings; bridges; 
 etc., see Plantations — Rela- 
 tion to buildings; etc., 1841 ; etc. 
 
 Planting and transplanting, 1861. 
 See also Tree moving. 
 
 Planting design,** 1805-1849, 2105, 
 2405, 2705. 
 
 Planting design (continued). 
 
 See also Landscape character; 
 
 Landscape design. 
 Planting design — Color effects, 1960, 
 
 2260, 2560, 2860. 
 Planting design — Styles, 1816-1819. 
 Planting design — Styles. Formal, 
 
 1818. 
 Planting design — Styles. Naturalis- 
 tic, 1819. 
 Planting lists (to accompany plans), 
 
 1348. 
 Planting plans, see Plans, Planting, 
 
 1285. 
 Planting seasons, 1851.5. 
 Planting strips (Road), 3620. 
 Planting tables, see Plant lists, 1902, 
 
 etc. 
 Plants,** 1800-2969. 
 
 — Acclimatization, see Plant intro- 
 
 duction, 1862.1. 
 
 — Bark, 1930, 2230, 2530. 
 
 — Cold storage, 1862. 
 
 — Color, 1965, 2265, 2565, 2865. 
 
 — Digging, packing, and shipment, 
 1862.2. 
 
 — Diseases and pests, 1865-1868.3. 
 See also Gardens, Vegetable — 
 
 Diseases and pests; Herbaceous 
 plants. — Diseases and pests; 
 Insect pests; Trees — Diseases 
 and pests. 
 
 — Environments, 1980-2022, 2280- 
 2322, 2580-2622, 2880-2922. 
 
 See also Plants, Alpine; Plants, 
 Arctic; etc., etc. 
 
 — Floioer, 1920, 2220, 2520, 2820- 
 2824. 
 
 — Foliage, 1905-1918, 2205-2218, 
 2502-2518, 2805-2817. 
 
 — Form, see Plants — Habit and 
 shape, 1935-U955), etc. 
 
 — Fruit, 1925, 2225, 2525, 2825. 
 See also Fruit trees; Shrubs — 
 
 Fruit. 
 
 — Germination, 1855.4. 
 
 — Habit and shape, 1935-(1955), 
 2235-2236, 2535-2536, 2835. 
 
 — Hybridization, see Plant breeding, 
 1860.2. 
 
 — In landscape, 1800-2969. 
 
 — Injuries, 1863. 
 
 120 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Plants — Injuries (continued). 
 See also Trees — Injuries. 
 
 — Packing, see Plants — Digging, 
 
 packing, and shipment, 1S62.2. 
 
 — Pollination, 1855.2. 
 
 — Propagation, 1S60. 1. 
 
 — Protection, 1862.3. 
 
 — Rate of growth, 1933, 2233, 2533, 
 
 2833. 
 See also Trees — Rate of growth. 
 
 — Reservations for protection , 6256. 
 
 — Scent, 1970, 2270, 2570, 2S70. 
 See also Herbs, Sweet. 
 
 — Seasonal appearance, 1975, 2275, 
 
 2575, 2875. (Subdivide: Spring, 
 Summer, Autumn, Winter.) 
 
 — Seed dispersal, 1855.3. 
 
 — Shipment, see Plants — Digging, 
 
 packing, and shipment, 1862.2. 
 
 — Slaking, sec Plants — Training, 
 
 1862. 
 
 — Texture, 1960, 2260, 2560, 2860. 
 
 — Training, 1862. 
 
 See also Fruit trees, Trained. 
 Plants, Alpine, 2003, (2303), (2603), 
 2791, (2903). 
 .See also Gardens, Alpine. 
 Plants, Arctic, 1985, (2285), (2585), 
 
 (2885). 
 Plants, Bedding, see Bedding plants, 
 
 2794. 
 Plants, Bee-attracting, 2060. 
 Plants, Bird-attracting, 2059. 
 
 See also Bird sanctuaries; (lin- 
 dens, Bird; Plants — Fruit. 
 Plants, Bog and marsh, 1996, (2296), 
 (2596), 2896. 
 See also Gardens, Bog and marsh. 
 Plants, Clay-loving, 2001, (2301), 
 
 (2601), (2901). 
 Plants, Deciduous, 1910, 2210, 2510. 
 
 See also Trees, Deciduous. 
 Plants, Desert, 1992, (2292), (2592), 
 (2892). 
 See also Plants, Sand-loving. 
 Plants, Evergreen, see Evergreens, 
 
 1907, 2207, 2507. 
 Plants, Flowering, see Plants — Flower, 
 
 1920, etc. 
 Plants, " Freak," see Plant curiosi- 
 ties 1895. 
 
 Plants, Greenhouse, sec Greenhouse 
 and house plants, 2042, 2796. 
 
 Plants, House, see Greenhouse and 
 house plants, 2042, 2797. 
 
 Plants, Medicinal, 2067. 
 
 Plants, Native, 1877, 2177, 2477, 
 2777, 2789. (Geographical sub- 
 division to be used.) 
 
 Plants, Poisonous, 2069. 
 
 Plants, Prairie, 2003.1, (2323.1), 
 (2623.1), (2923.1). 
 
 Plants, Rock, (2003), (2323), (2623), 
 
 2791, (2923). 
 
 See also Gardens, Rock. 
 Plants, Sand-loving, 1999, (2299), 
 
 (2599), (2899). 
 See also Plants, Desert . 
 Plants, Scented, see Plants — Scent, 
 
 1970, etc. 
 Plants, Seashore, 2000, 2011, (2300), 
 
 (2311), (2600), (2611), (2900), 
 
 (2911). 
 See also Gardens, Seashore. 
 Plants, Shade-enduring, 1988, (2288), 
 
 (2588), (2888). 
 Plants, Smoke-enduring, 2015, (2315), 
 
 (2615), (2915). 
 Plants, Specimen, 1821, 2035, 2121, 
 
 2421. 
 See also Botanical gardens; Gar- 
 dens — Exhibitions; Gardens, 
 
 Specimen. 
 Plants, Subtropical, 1983, (2283), 
 
 (2583), (2883). 
 Plants, Succulent, see Bedding plants, 
 
 2794; Greenhouse and house 
 
 plants, 2796, 2797. 
 Plants, Tropical, 1982, (2282), (2582), 
 
 (2882). 
 See also Gardens, Tropical. 
 Plants, Tub, see Tub plants, 2038, 
 
 etc. 
 Plants, Water, 1997, (2297), (2597), 
 
 2792, (2897). 
 
 See also Gardens, Water and 
 waterside. 
 Plants, Wild-garden, (2048), 2789. 
 
 See also Gardens, Wild. 
 Plants, Wind-enduring, 2013, (2313), 
 
 (2613), (2913). 
 Plants, Window-box, see Window-box 
 plants, 2040. 
 
 121 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Plants, Woods, 1994.5-1995, (2294.5- 
 2295), (2594.5-2595), (2894.5- 
 2895). 
 See also Woodlands. 
 
 Playfields, see Athletic fields, 6575. 
 
 Playgrounds,** 0500-6595. (Geo- 
 graphical subdivision to be 
 used.) 
 See also Athletic fields; Recrea- 
 tion centers; Sports and games 
 — Grounds. 
 
 — Administration, 6515. 
 
 — Apparatus, see Playgrounds — 
 
 Equipment, 6538. 
 
 — Buildings, 6536. 
 See also Gymnasiums. 
 
 — Construction and maintenance, 
 
 6540-6541. 
 
 — Design, 6525-6539. 
 
 — Equipment, 6530-6539. 
 
 — Fieldhouses, see Playgrounds — 
 
 Buildings, 6536. 
 
 — Games, 6520. 
 
 — Lighting, 6539. 
 
 — Management, see Playgrounds — 
 
 Administration, 6515. 
 
 — Periodicals, 6502. 
 
 — Planting, 6533. 
 
 — Societies, 6505. 
 
 — Statistics, 6509. 
 
 — Surfacing, see Playgrounds — 
 
 Construction and maintenance, 
 6531. 
 
 Playgrounds, Block-interior, 6565. 
 
 Playgrounds, Home, 6567. 
 
 Playgrounds, Roof, 6564. 
 
 Playgrounds, School, 6560. 
 
 See also Schools, Public — 
 Grounds. 
 
 Playhouses, 3157. 
 
 Pleached alleys, 2133. 
 
 Pleasances, Mediaeval, 227. 
 
 Pleasure buildings** and structures, 
 3150-3219. 
 See also names of buildings and 
 structures for pleasure pur- 
 poses; e.g., Arbors; Boat-houses; 
 Gazebos; Pergolas; Tennis 
 courts ; Theaters, Outdoor ; 
 etc. 
 
 Pleasure gardens, see Gardens, 4425- 
 (4480). 
 
 122 
 
 Poisonous plants, see Plants, Poison- 
 ous, 2069. 
 
 Pole line construction, see Wires, 
 Overhead (1429), 3718. 
 
 Poles and wires, see Wires, Overhead, 
 (1429), 3718. 
 
 Polo fields (Equestrian), 6587. 
 
 Ponds, see Lakes, ponds, etc., 1080- 
 1686. 
 
 Pools, basins, etc., 3448-3449. 
 
 See also Aqueducts, Garden; 
 Fountains; Swimming pools; 
 Wading pools, 
 
 Postcards, Landscape architecture 
 (General collections), 286. 
 
 Posts and post-finials, 3318. 
 
 See also Balustrades; Fences; 
 Gates and gateways; Hitch- 
 ing posts; Urns, vases, etc.; 
 Walls. 
 
 Pot plants (for ornamental outdoor 
 use), see Tub plants, 2038. 
 
 Pots, Plant, see. Flower pots and boxes; 
 Tree boxes, pots, etc.; Urns, 
 vases, etc.; 3465-3467. 
 
 Pottery, Garden, 3430»i7. 
 
 Potting sheds, see Greenhouses, (1864), 
 3140. 
 
 Power, Electric, see Electric power 
 supply, 3773. 
 
 Practice, Professional, of landscape 
 architecture, see Landscape 
 architecture — Professional 
 practice, 1200-1357. 
 
 Prairies, 3915. 
 
 Preliminary plans, see Plans, Prelim- 
 inary, 1266. 
 
 Presentation of landscape design, see 
 Landscape design — Presenta- 
 tion, 1250-1346. 
 
 Preservation of scenery, see Land- 
 scape preservation ; Reserva- 
 tions, Landscape; 6190-6230. 
 
 Prints, see Reproduction of drawings 
 — Prints, 1300. i 
 
 Proceedings of congresses, societies, 
 etc., see Cemeteries — Socie- 
 ties, 5902; Landscape archi- 
 tecture — Congresses, (40)-46; 
 Landscape architecture — So- 
 cieties, (20)-39; Parks — So- 
 cieties, 6005. 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Professional practice of landscape 
 architecture, see Landscape 
 architecture — Professional 
 practice, 1200-1357. 
 
 Profiles, 1282. 
 
 Promontories, sec Shore's, 1701. 
 
 Propagation, see Plants — Propagotr 
 Hon, 1860.1. 
 
 Protection of landscape work from 
 damage, see Landscape con- 
 struction and maintenance, 
 1460. 
 
 Protection of plants, see Plants — 
 Protection, 1862.3. 
 
 Protection of shores, see Shore pro- 
 tection, 1665, 3250-3265. 
 
 Pruning, 1862. 
 
 Public buildings** — Grounds, 5500- 
 5590. 
 
 Public comfort stations, 3149. 
 
 Public gardens, sec Gardens, Public, 
 6400-6450. 
 
 Publicity for landscape architects, 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 Professional practice. Advertis- 
 ing and publicity, 1223. 
 
 Putting greens (Golf), see Golf courses, 
 6589; Grasses, 2788. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quarantine, Plant, see Plant quaran- 
 tine, 1865.4. 
 
 R 
 
 Race-tracks, 6585-6586. 
 
 Race-tracks, Motor, 65S6. 
 
 Railings, 3316. 
 
 Railroad bridges, see Bridges, Rail- 
 road, 3529. 
 
 Railroad gardening, sec Railroads — 
 Planting, 5463. 
 
 Railroads** — Grounds, 5450-5475. 
 See also Railroads, Subdivisions: 
 Planting, Rights of way, Station 
 grounds. 
 
 Railroads — Planting, 5463. 
 
 Railroads — Rights of way, 5450-5475. 
 
 Railroads — Station grounds, 5450- 
 5475. 
 
 Rain and rainfall, 3741. 
 
 Ramps, 3395. 
 
 Ramps, Water, see Water ramps, 3451. 
 
 Recreation areas, Outdoor, see Camps, 
 Recreation, 5180-5195; Parks, 
 6000 - 6800 + ; Playgrounds, 
 6500-6595; Reservations, Pub- 
 lic, 6100-6260; Waterfronts 
 Recreational, 6600-6665. 
 
 Recreation camps, see Camps, Recre- 
 ation, 5180-5195. 
 
 Recreation centers, 6555. 
 
 Recreation piers, see Piers, Recreation, 
 6636. 
 
 Reflections (in water surfaces in land- 
 scape), see Water — In land- 
 scape, 1660. 
 
 Regional planning,** S500. 
 
 Registration of landscape architects, 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 Professional practice. Registra- 
 tion, 1215. 
 
 Reinforced concrete, see Concrete, Re- 
 inforced, 3000ra6. 
 
 Renaissance styles of landscape design, 
 see Landscape design — Styles, 
 subdivisions : English Renais- 
 sance, 234; French Renaissance, 
 233; Italian Renaissance, 232. 
 
 Rendering, 1288-1299. 
 
 See also Representation (Graphic), 
 Decorative. 
 
 Rendering in color, 1295, 1299. 
 
 Repetition, in landscape composition, 
 see Landscape composition, 1 1 20. 
 
 Reports, Landscape architect's, see 
 Landscape architecture — Pro- 
 fessional practice. Reports, 
 1245, 1342. 
 
 Reports, Park, see Parks — Reports, 
 6020. 
 
 Representation (Graphic), 1250. 
 
 See also Drawing; Landscape de- 
 sign — Presentation. 
 
 Representation (Graphic), Decora- 
 tive, 1289. 
 See also Rendering. 
 
 Representation of architectural forms, 
 1329. 
 
 Representation of landscape forms, 
 1320-1330. 
 See also Drawing; Models; Ren- 
 dering; etc., and names of 
 specific forms, e.g., Trees. 
 
 123 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Representation of trees, see Trees — 
 
 Representation, 1325. 
 Reproduction of drawings, 1300-1309. 
 
 — Half-tone cuts, 1308. 
 
 — Line cuts, 1307. 
 
 — Lithographs, 1305. 
 
 — Photographs, 1303. 
 
 — Prints, 1301. (Subdivide if ne- 
 
 cessary into: Blue, Van Dyke, 
 etc.) 
 
 — Rubbings, 1309. 
 
 Reputation, Professional, of the 
 landscape architect, see Land- 
 scape architecture — Profes- 
 sional practice, 1210. 
 
 Reservations, Forest, see Forest reser- 
 vations, 6126-6144. 
 
 Reservations,** Landscape, 6190- 
 6230. 
 
 Reservations,** Public, 6100-6260. 
 (Public reserved land not de- 
 veloped for intensive recreative 
 use. Cf. Parks.) 
 See also Animals — Reservations 
 for protection; Bird sanctu- 
 aries; Forest reservations; 
 Military reservations; Parks, 
 National; Plants — Reserva- 
 tions for protection; Reserva- 
 tions, Landscape; Water-sup- 
 ply reservations; and Lake, 
 Hill and mountain, River, and 
 other landscape forms which 
 are publicly reserved. 
 
 Reservations, Water-supply, see Water- 
 supply reservations, 6150- 
 6172. 
 
 Reserve gardens, see Gardens, Re- 
 serve, 4525-4545. 
 
 Reservoirs, 6165-6172. 
 
 Residence groups, see Building groups, 
 Residential, 3054.5. 
 
 Residences, see Estates (Private); 
 Houses, 3060. 
 
 Restaurants, Outdoor, 5730-5745. 
 See also Concert gardens; Tea 
 gardens. 
 
 Restaurants, Park, see Parks — Res- 
 laurants, 6036. 
 
 Retaining walls, see Walls, Retaining, 
 (3260), 3331-3332. 
 
 Rhythm, in landscape composition, 
 see Landscape composition, 
 1121. 
 Riding paths, see Bridle paths, 3634. 
 Rinks, see Bowling greens, 3211, 6592; 
 
 Skating* rinks, 6593. 
 Rip rap, see Shores — Structural treat- 
 ment, 3265. 
 River reservations and parks, 6215- 
 
 6219; 6665. 
 Rivers, 1692. 
 Road binders, 3613. 
 
 See also Dust prevention. 
 Road signs, 3622. 
 Roads,** 3600-3636. 
 
 See also Bridle paths; Causeways; 
 Lanes; Pavements; Planting 
 strips (Road); Roadside grad- 
 ing; Roadside planting; Trails; 
 Turnarounds; " Woodroads "; 
 and NAC Classification, Streets. 
 Roads — Adaptation to topography and 
 traffic, see Roads — Design, 
 3603-3604. 
 Roads — Construction and mainten- 
 ance, 3610. 
 See also Pavements; Road bind- 
 ers. 
 Roads — Cross-section, width, etc., see 
 
 Roads — Design, 3606. 
 Roads — Design, 3602-(3609). 
 Roads — Improvement, 570. 
 
 See also Roadside planting. 
 Roads — Location, see Roads — De- 
 
 sign, 3603. 
 Roads, Broken stone, 3610?»7.5. 
 Roads, Cinder, 3610ra8.5. 
 Roads, Earth, 3610ra8.5. 
 Roads, Entrance to estates, etc., 
 3627. 
 See also Roads, Service. 
 Roads, Gravel, 3610m8.5. 
 Roads, Macadam, 3610w7.5. 
 Roads, National, 9200. 
 Roads, Parks, see Parks — Roads, 
 
 6039; etc. 
 Roads, Service, 3628. 
 Roads, Shell, 3610m9. 
 Roads, Tanbark, 3610m9. 
 Roads, Telford, 3610w7.5. 
 Roads, Turf, 3610m9. 
 Roadside grading, 3608. 
 
 124 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Roadside improvement, see Roads — 
 
 Improvement, 570; Roadside 
 
 planting, 1848. 
 Roadside planting, 1848, 2045, (3609). 
 
 See also Trees, Street. 
 Rock (factor in construction), 1434. 
 
 See also Blasting. 
 Rock (natural forms), see Rocks 
 
 ■ — In landscape, 1770-1775. 
 Rock gardens, see Gardens, Rock, 
 
 4441. 
 Rock planting, see Gardens, Rock, 
 
 4441; Plants, Rock, (2003), 
 
 2791. 
 Rock plants, see Plants, Rock, (2003), 
 
 2791. 
 Rocks** — In landscape, 1770-1775. 
 Rocky sites for estates, see Estates 
 
 (Private), Rocky, 4912. 
 Rockwork, Artificial, 1775. 
 Roman style of landscape design, see 
 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 
 Classic, 219. 
 Romantic styles of landscape design, 
 
 see Landscape design — Styles. 
 
 Romantic, 1043. 
 Roof gardens, 4388. 
 Roof playgrounds, see Playgrounds, 
 
 Roof, 6564. 
 Roque courts, see Croquet lawns, 3208. 
 Rose gardens, see Gardens, Rose, 4418. 
 Roses, Garden, 2486. 
 
 See also Gardens, Rose. 
 Rotation of crops, 1853.8. 
 Rubbings (of pencil drawings), see 
 
 Reproduction of drawings — 
 
 Rubbings, 1309. 
 Ruins (in Romantic landscape de- 
 signs), 3155. 
 Running tracks, 65S4. 
 Rural improvement, 573. 
 Rural planning,** 8700. 
 Rustic work, 3000ml. 5. 
 
 Sand beaches, see Beaches, 1 7()o. 
 
 Sand dunes, see Dunes, Sand, 1765. 
 Sandy soil, Plants enduring, see Plants, 
 
 Sand-loving, 1999, etc. 
 Sanitariums — Grounds see Hospitals, 
 
 asylums, etc. — Grounds, 5200- 
 
 5225. 
 
 Scale — In landscape composition, 
 1140-1141. 
 
 Scales, Graphical, 1315. 
 
 Scenery, Natural, sec Landscape, 
 1050-1055, 3900-3975. 
 
 Scenic reservations, see Reservations, 
 Landscape, 6190-6230. 
 
 Scent of vegetation, see Plants — 
 Scent, 1970, etc. 
 
 Scented gardens, see Gardens, Scented, 
 4448. 
 
 Scented plants, see Plants — Scent, 
 1970, etc. 
 
 School gardens, see Gardens, School, 
 4460. 
 
 School playgrounds, see Playgrounds, 
 School, 6560. 
 
 Schools, Private — Grounds, see Col- 
 leges, schools (private), etc. — 
 Grounds, 5250-5275. 
 
 Schools, Professional, of landscape 
 architecture, see Landscape 
 architecture — Study and teach- 
 ing, 900-998. 
 
 Schools,** Public — Grounds, 5550- 
 5565. 
 See also Gardens, School; Play- 
 grounds, School. 
 
 Schools, Public — Study and teaching 
 of landscape improvement, see 
 Landscape improvement — 
 Study and teaching (Public 
 schools), 548. 
 
 Screen plantations, 1827, 2127, 2127. 
 See also Border plantations. 
 
 Sculpture, see Statuary, 3460. 
 
 Sen and seashore', 1670. 
 
 .See also Beaches; Shores. 
 
 Sea walls, see Walls, Sea, 3332. 
 
 Seashore, see Sea and seashore, 1670. 
 
 Seashore estates, sec Estates (Pri- 
 vate), Seashore, 4910. 
 
 Seashore gardens, see Gardens, Sea- 
 shore, 4355. 
 
 Seashore planting, 1N39. 
 
 Seashore plants, see Plants, Seashore, 
 2000, 2011, etc. 
 
 Seashore reservations and parks, 6205- 
 6209, 6655. 
 
 Seasonal appearance of vegetation, see 
 Plants — Seasonal appearance, 
 1975, etc. 
 
 125 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Seasonal effects — In landscape, 1157. 
 See also Gardens — Seasonal ef- 
 fects; Plantations — Seasonal 
 effects; Winter effects — In 
 landscape. 
 .Seats, Covered, 34S3. 
 
 See also Arbors. 
 Seats, Gardens, 3482-3484. 
 
 Seats, Park, 6037, (6337), (6437). 
 
 Sections, see Cross-sections; Profiles; 
 1282. 
 
 Sequence, in landscape composition, 
 see Landscape composition, 
 1121. 
 
 Service accessories,** 3405-3424. 
 
 Service buildings** and structures, 
 3100-3149. 
 See also names of buildings and 
 structures for service purposes; 
 e.g., Bird-houses; Dovecotes; 
 Farm buildings; Garages and 
 garage yards; Gardener's yards; 
 Gate-lodges ; Greenhouses ; Sta- 
 bles and stableyards; Water- 
 towers; Windmills. 
 
 Service courts, see Service yards, 
 3132. 
 
 Service gardens, see Gardens, Service, 
 4525-4545. 
 
 Service roads, see Roads, Service, 3628. 
 
 Service yards, 3132. 
 
 See also Garages and garage 
 yards; Gardener's yards; Laun- 
 dry yards; Stables and stable- 
 yards. 
 
 Sewage treatment, 3735-3738. 
 
 Sewer-pipes, 3738. 
 
 Sewerage, 3735-3738. 
 
 Shade, Light and — In landscape com- 
 position , see Light and shade — 
 In landscape composition, 1150- 
 1154. 
 
 Shade, Plants enduring, see Plants, 
 Shade-enduring, 1988. 
 
 Shade trees, see Trees, Shade, 2340. 
 
 Shadows — In landscape. See Light 
 and shade — In landscape com- 
 position, 1153. 
 
 Shakesperian gardens, see Gardens, 
 Shakesperian, 4465. 
 
 Shape — In landscape composition, 
 1137-1138. 
 
 Shape of plants, see Plants — Habit 
 and shape, 1935-(1955), etc. ' 
 
 Sheepfolds, see Farm buildings, 3105. 
 
 Shells (as material of roads and paths), 
 see Roads, Shell, 3610m9. 
 
 Shelters, see Pavilions, shelters, etc., 
 3155. 
 
 Shingle beaches, see Beaches, 1704. 
 
 Shore planting, see Seashore planting, 
 1839; Waterside planting, 1838. 
 
 Shore reservations and parks, 6200- 
 6219. 
 See also Bathing beaches; Sea- 
 shore reservations and parks; 
 Waterfronts, Recreational. 
 
 Shore treatment, see Shores, 1665- 
 1709; Shores — Structural treat- 
 ment, 3250-3265. 
 
 Shores, 1665-1709. 
 
 See also Beaches; Sea and sea- 
 shore. 
 
 Shores** — Structuraltreatment, 3250- 
 3265. 
 
 Show plans, see Landscape design • — 
 Presentation, 1251. 
 
 Shrub beds, 2423. 
 
 Shrub gardens, see Gardens, Shrub, 
 4416. 
 
 Shrub groups, see Shrub beds; Tree 
 and shrub groups; 2423. 
 
 Shrub plantations, see Shrub beds; 
 Shrubs; Tree and shrub groups; 
 2405-2429. 
 
 Shrubs,** 2400-2650. 
 
 Shrubs — Diseases and pests, see Trees 
 — Diseases and pests, 1865. 
 
 Shrubs — Fruit, 2525. 
 
 Shrubs, Evergreen, 2507. 
 
 Shrubs, Specimen, see Plants, Speci- 
 men, 2421. 
 
 Shrubby vines, see Vines, climbers, 
 etc., 2485. 
 
 Signs, Guide, in parks, etc., 6037, 
 (6337), (6437). 
 
 Signs, Road, sec Road signs, 3622. 
 
 Silhouette — In landscape composi- 
 tion, 1130. 
 
 Silhouettes, 1272. 
 
 Site, choice for an estate, park, etc., see 
 Estates (Private) — Design, 
 4905; Parks ^Design, 6026; 
 etc. 
 
 126 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Size — In landscape composition, sec 
 Scale — In landscape compo- 
 sition, 1140-1141. 
 Skating ponds, see Lakes, ponds, etc., 
 1680-1686; Skating rinks, 6593. 
 Skating rinks (Ice), 6593. 
 Sketching, see Drawing, Freehand; 
 
 Drawing, Landscape; 1251. 
 Sky, clouds, etc., 1540-1550. 
 
 See also Atmosphere — In loud- 
 scape composition. 
 Slope steps, see Perrons, 3393. 
 Slopes, 1784. 
 Smoke-enduring plants, sec Plants, 
 
 Smoke-enduring, 2015, etc. 
 Social customs, Effect on landscape 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 Style, 1031. 
 Societies for landscape improvement, 
 see Landscape improvement — 
 Societies, 513. 
 Societies of cemetery superintendents, 
 etc., see Cemeteries — Societies, 
 5902. 
 Societies of landscape architecture, see 
 Landscape architecture — So- 
 cieties, (20)-39. 
 Societies of park superintendents, 
 park users, etc., see Parks — 
 Societies, 6005. 
 Societies of playgrounds, see Play- 
 grounds — Societies, 6505. 
 Soil-binding plants, see Ground cover, 
 
 2050, etc. 
 Soil improvement, 1853-1854.1. 
 Soil surveys, 1852.7. 
 Soils, 1852-1852.7. 
 
 Specifications, see Contracts and speci- 
 fications, 1344. 
 Specimen gardens, see Gardens, Speci- 
 men, 4405. 
 Specimen plants, see Plants, Specimen, 
 
 1821, etc., 
 Splines, see Drawing instruments, 
 
 1251.5. 
 Sports and games — Grounds, 6580- 
 6594. 
 See also Athletic fields; Play- 
 grounds; Winter sports, Areas 
 for; and the names of areas for 
 special sports, e.g., Football; 
 Field events, etc. 
 
 Spraying, 1868.1. 
 
 Spring gardens, see Gardens — Sea- 
 
 sonal effects. Spring, 4392. 
 Sprinkling, sec Watering, 1854.1. 
 Stables and stableyards, 3105. 
 Stadiums, 3198. 
 Stairways (Outdoor), see Steps, 3375- 
 
 3395. 
 Stanzoni, see Orangeries, 3180. 
 State fair grounds, see Fair grounds, 
 
 5650-5675. 
 State forests, see Forests and forestry, 
 
 State, 6137. 
 State parks, see Parks, State, 6115. 
 State planning,** 8900. 
 Statuary, 1 3460. 
 Stepping stones, 3646. 
 Steps,** 3375-3395. 
 
 »S'ee also Perrons; Ramps. 
 Stiles, 3370. 
 
 See also Turnstiles. 
 Stone, 3000to5. 
 
 Stone, Broken (as material of roads 
 and paths), see Roads, Broken 
 stone, 3610m7.5. 
 Stone pavements, see Pavements, 
 
 Stone, 3610ra5. 
 Stones (in Japanese gardens), see 
 Gardens — Japan, 4867; Land- 
 scape design — Styles. Japan- 
 ese, 245. 
 Storm-water drainage, see Drainage, 
 
 Surface, 3740-3743. 
 Streams. 1690-1696. 
 
 <See also Brooks; Rivers; Water- 
 falls. 
 Street planting, see Roadside plant- 
 ing, 1848, 2045, (3609). 
 Street trees, see Trees, Street, 2345. 
 Streets, see Roads, 3600-3636. 
 Structures** — In landscape, 3000- 
 3798. 
 See also Buildings — In land- 
 scape; Roads; etc. 
 Stucco, 3000ro2. 
 
 Study of landscape architecture, see 
 Landscape architecture — Study 
 and teaching; — Study tours; — 
 Travelling fellowships; 900-998. 
 
 1 If the City Planning Classification is used. 
 Statuary may be divided {like Fountains) into 
 Garden and Civic. 
 
 127 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Study of landscape improvement, see 
 Landscape improvement — 
 Study and teaching (Public 
 schools), 548; Landscape im- 
 provement — University ex- 
 tension, 515. 
 
 Style** — In landscape design, 1030- 
 (1049). 
 
 Styles of landscape design, see Land- 
 scape architecture — History; 
 Landscape design — Styles 
 
 (special subdivisions); 210-249, 
 1034-(1049). 
 
 " Sublime," The, see Landscape de- 
 sign — Esthetic theory; Land- 
 scape effects; 1067. 
 
 Subsurface drainage, see Drainage, 
 3745-3748. 
 
 Subsurface utilities, 3700-3798. 
 
 See also Conduits, Electric; Gas- 
 pipes ; Sewer-pipes ; Water- 
 pipes. 
 
 Subtropical plants, see Plants, Sub- 
 tropical, 1983, etc. 
 
 Suburban estates, see Estates (Pri- 
 vate), Suburban, 4975-4995. 
 
 Suburban house lots, see Estates (Pri- 
 vate), House-lot, 4925-4945. 
 
 Suburban houses, see Houses, Subur- 
 ban, 3064. 
 
 Succulent plants, see Bedding plants, 
 2794; Greenhouses and house 
 plants, 2796-2797. 
 
 Summer colonies, 4980. 
 
 Summer hotels — Grounds, see Hotels 
 — Grounds, 5150-5175. 
 
 " Summer houses," see Arbors, 3160; 
 Gazebos, 3153; Pavilions, shel- 
 ters, etc., 3155. 
 
 Sundials, 3470. 
 
 Sunk fences, see Fences, Sunk, 3349. 
 
 Sunk panels, see Panels, Sunk, 3240. 
 
 Sunken gardens, see Gardens, Sunken, 
 4455. 
 
 Superintendence, sec Landscape con- 
 struction and maintenance — - 
 Superintendence, 1 355- 1 357. 
 
 Surface decoration, in landscape com- 
 position, sec Landscape coin- 
 position, 1194. 
 
 Surface drainage, see Drainage, Sur- 
 face, 3740-3743. 
 
 Surveying (Topographical), 1241. 
 Surveying, Photographic, 1241." 
 
 See also Photography. 
 Surveying, Photographic, Aerial, 1244 
 
 See also Photography, Aerial. 
 Swimming pools, 3449. 
 Swimming pools, Public, 6532. 
 " Symmetrical " styles of landscape 
 
 design, see Landscape design — 
 
 Styles. Formal, 1036. 
 Symmetry, in landscape composition, 
 
 see. Landscape composition, 
 
 1124. 
 
 Tables, Garden, 3486. 
 
 Tanbark (as material of roads and 
 paths) of. sec Roads, Tanbark, 
 3610m9. 
 
 Tar pavements, see Pavements, Tar, 
 3610rrc6.5. 
 
 Taste, in landscape and landscape de- 
 sign, sec Landscape apprecia- 
 tion ; Landscape design — Es- 
 thetic theory; 1020. 
 
 Tea gardens, 5730-5745. 
 
 See also Restaurants, Outdoor. 
 
 Tea houses, 3155. 
 
 Teaching of landscape architecture, 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 Study and teaching, 900-998. 
 
 Teaching of landscape improvement, 
 see Landscape improvement — 
 Study and teaching (Public 
 schools), 548; Landscape im- 
 provement — University exten- 
 sion, 515. 
 
 Telephone 3775-3778. 
 
 See also Wires, Overhead. 
 
 Telford roads, sec Roads, Telford, 
 3610»»7.5. 
 
 Temples, Garden, see Pavilions, shel- 
 ters, etc., 3155. 
 
 Tennis courts, 3205. 6590. 
 
 See also Backstops (Tennis, etc.). 
 
 Terra cotta, 3000/»7. 
 
 Terraced gardens, see Gardens, Ter- 
 raced, 4362. 
 
 Terraces,** 3230-3234. 
 
 Terraces, House, 3234. 
 
 Texture — In landscape composition, 
 1145. 
 
 128 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Texture (continued). 
 
 See also Plants — Texture. 
 
 Texture of vegetation, see Plants — 
 Texture, 1965, etc. 
 
 Thatch, 3000ml.S. 
 
 Theaters, Garden, 3195. 
 
 Theaters, Outdoor, 3198. 
 
 See also Theaters, Garden. 
 
 Theory of landscape design (Esthetic, 
 or Economic), see Landscape 
 design — Economic theory, ( 1005) , 
 1608, 1808, 3008; Landscape 
 design — Esthetic theory, 1010- 
 1079. 
 
 Theory of landscape design (General), 
 see Landscape design, 1000- 
 (1199). 
 
 Thinning of plantations, see Planta- 
 tions — Thinning, 2110. 
 
 Tidal marshes, see Marshes, Salt, 1724. 
 
 Tile pavements, see Pavements, Tile, 
 3610m4. 
 
 Tiles, 3000ro7. 
 
 Titles (on drawings), 1313. 
 See also Cartouches. 
 
 Tobogganing grounds, see Winter 
 sports, Areas for, 6593. 
 
 Tools, Horticultural, 1872-1872.3. 
 See also Lawn mowers. 
 
 Topiary gardens, see Gardens, To- 
 piary; Topiary work; 4412. 
 
 Topiary work, 1822, (1955), (2122), 
 (2422). 
 See also Gardens, Topiary. 
 
 Topographical maps, 1241. 
 
 See also Surveying (Topographi- 
 cal). 
 
 Topography, see Ground forms — In 
 landscape, 1600-1790. 
 
 Topography, Effect on landscape de- 
 sign, see Landscape design — 
 Style, 1031. 
 
 Tours for study of landscape architec- 
 ture, see Landscape architec- 
 ture — Study lours, 947. 
 
 Towers, 3153. 
 
 See also Pagodas; Water towers. 
 
 Town planning, .see City planning, 7500. 
 
 Tracing, see Drawing, 1251. 
 
 Track and field events, Areas for, see 
 Field events, Areas for, 6584; 
 Running tracks, 6584. 
 
 Tracks, see Race-tracks, 6585; Run- 
 ning tracks, 6584. 
 
 Traffic considerations, see Paths; 
 Roads; 3600-(3648). 
 
 Trails, 3636. 
 
 Transplanting, see Planting and trans- 
 planting, 1861. 
 
 Travelling fellowships in landscape 
 architecture, see Landscape 
 architecture — Travelling fel- 
 lowships, 946. 
 
 Tree and shrub groups, 1823, 2123, 
 2423. 
 
 Tree boxes, pots, etc., 3467. 
 
 Tree cutting (Landscape construc- 
 tion), 1406. 
 See also Plantations — Thinning; 
 Forests and forestry, Esthetic. 
 
 Tree gratings, 3420. 
 
 Tree guards, 3420. 
 
 Tree moving, 1861. 
 
 Tree planting, 2150. 
 
 Tree repair, 1863. 
 
 Trees,** 2100-2350. 
 
 — Diseases and pests, 1865. 
 
 — Form, 2236. 
 
 — In landscape composition, 2105. 
 
 — Injuries, 1863. 
 
 >S'cc also Tree repair; Trees — 
 Protection from damage. 
 
 — Protection from damage, 1406. 
 
 — Rate of growth, 2233. 
 
 — Representation, 1325. 
 
 — Seasonal appearance, 2275-2279. 
 
 (Subdivide: Spring, Summer, 
 Autumn, Winter.) 
 
 — Thinning, see. Plantations — 
 
 Thinning, 2110; Tree cutting, 
 
 1406. 
 Trees, Deciduous, 2210. 
 Trees, Evergreen, 2207. 
 Trees, Forest, see Forests and forestry, 
 
 2350. 
 Trees, Shade, 2340. 
 
 See also Trees, Street. 
 Trees, Specimen, see Plants, Specimen, 
 
 2121. 
 Trees, Street, 2345. 
 
 See also Trees, Shade. 
 Trellises, treillagc, etc., see Lattices, 
 
 trellises, treillage, etc., 3430m- 
 
 1.3. 
 
 129 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Tropical gardens, see Gardens, Tropi- 
 cal, 4351. 
 
 Tropical landscape, 3935. 
 
 Tropical plants, see Plants, Tropical, 
 1982, etc. 
 
 Tub plants, 2038, (2338), (2638). 
 
 Tudor style of landscape design, see 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 English Renaissance. Tudor. 
 Elizabethan, 234. 
 
 Tunnels,** 3550-3564. 
 
 Turf, 3000m9. 
 
 See also Grasses ; Lawns; Panels, 
 Turf; Roads, Turf. 
 
 Turf panels, see Panels, Turf, 2736. 
 
 Turnarounds, 3627. 
 
 See also Forecourts; Roads, Serv- 
 ice. 
 
 Turnstiles, 3373. 
 
 Turntables, see Turnarounds, 3627. 
 
 Types of landscape, see Landscape — 
 Types, 3900-3975. 
 
 Types of landscape designs according 
 to use, see Landscape designs 
 — Types, according to use, 
 4000-6800 +. ■ 
 
 U 
 
 Unity in landscape and landscape de- 
 sign, see Landscape composi- 
 tion, 1100-1199; Landscape 
 design, 1000-U090). 
 
 Universities — Grounds, see Colleges, 
 etc. — Grounds, 5250-5275. 
 
 University extension work for land- 
 scape improvement, see Land- 
 scape improvement — Univer- 
 sity extension, 515. 
 
 Urns, vases, etc., 3465. 
 
 See also Flower pots and boxes 
 (Ornamental). 
 
 Utilities, see Subsurface utilities; 
 Wires; 3700-3798. 
 
 Valleys, 1750. 
 
 Van Dyke prints, see Reproduction of 
 
 drawings — Prints, 1301. 
 Variety, in landscape composition, see 
 
 Landscape composition, 1111. 
 
 Vases, see Urns, vases, etc., 3465. 
 Vegetable gardens, see Gardens, Vege- 
 table, 4525-4545. 
 Vegetables, 2799. 
 Vegetation, see Plants; Plantations; 
 
 1800-2969. 
 Viewpoints, in landscape composition, 
 
 see Landscape composition, 
 
 1173. 
 Views, in landscape composition, see 
 
 landscape composition, 1 109, 
 
 1170. 
 Village greens, see Commons, 6400- 
 
 6450. 
 Villages — Planning, 7500. 
 Villas, see Gardens — Italy, 4803; 
 
 Landscape design — Styles. 
 
 Italian Renaissance. Baroque, 
 
 232. 
 Vines, climbers, etc., 1885, (1947), 
 
 2485, 2785. 
 Vista points, see Vistas, 1185. 
 Vistas, 1185. 
 Visual angle in landscape composition, 
 
 see Landscape composition, 
 
 1109. 
 
 W 
 
 Wading pools, 6532. 
 
 Walks, see Paths, 3640-(3648). 
 
 Wall fountains, see Fountains, Wall, 
 
 3447. 
 Wall gardens, see Gardens, Wall, 4441. 
 Wall plants, see Plants, Rock, (2003), 
 
 2791. 
 Walls,** 3320-3335. 
 See also Niches. 
 Walls, Retaining, (3260), 3331-3332. 
 Walls, Sea, 3332. 
 War gardens, see Gardens, Vegetable, 
 
 4525-4545. 
 War memorials, 585. 
 
 See also Monuments — In ceme- 
 teries; Statuary; etc. 
 War service of landscape architects, 
 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 
 War service, 323. 
 Wash drawing, sec also Drawing, Wash, 
 
 1293-1295. 
 Water** — In landscape, 1655-1696. 
 
 130 
 
SUBJECT HEADINGS AND INDEX 
 
 Water — Ornamental use, see Water 
 — In landscape, 1660; Water 
 features (architectural and 
 sculptural ) , 3445-3452. 
 
 Wat it features (architectural and 
 sculptural), 3445-3452. 
 See also Fountains; Pools, basins, 
 etc.; Water ramps. 
 
 Water gardens, see Gardens, Water 
 and waterside, (4354), 4442. 
 
 \\ ater parks, see Waterfronts, Recrea- 
 tional, 6600-6665. 
 
 Water-pipes, 3728. 
 
 Water plants, see Plants, Water, 11)97, 
 etc., 2792. 
 
 \\ ater ramps, 3451. 
 
 Water-supply, 3725-3728. 
 
 Water-supply reservations,** 6150- 
 6172. 
 See also Reservoirs, 
 
 Water-towers, 3120. 
 See also Windmills. 
 
 Watercolor rendering, see Rendering 
 in color, 1295. 
 
 Waterfall reservations, 6215-6219. 
 
 Waterfalls, 1696. 
 
 See also Cascades (artificial). 
 
 Waterfronts,** Recreational, 6600- 
 6665. 
 See also Shore reservations and 
 parks. 
 
 Watering, 1854.1. 
 
 Watering — Lawns, 1854.1. 
 
 Watering — Roads, 3613. 
 
 Watering troughs, 3419. 
 
 Waterside estates, see Estates, Water- 
 side, 4909. 
 
 Wat erside gardens, see Gardens, Water 
 and waterside, 4354, 4442. 
 
 Waterside planting. 1838. 
 
 Ways, see Roads; Paths: etc.; 3600- 
 (3648). 
 
 Weeds, 2969. 
 
 Well-heads, 3455. 
 
 Willi flowers, see Plants, Native (and 
 note), 2777, 2789. 
 
 Wild-garden plants, see Plants, Wild- 
 garden, (2048), 2789. 
 
 Wild gardens, sec Gardens, Wild, 
 4439. 
 
 Wildernesses (historical term), 4413. 
 
 Wind — In landscape, see Movement 
 — In landscape composition, 
 1158. 
 
 Wind-enduring plants, see Plants, 
 Wind-enduring, 2013, etc. 
 
 Windbreaks, 2055. 
 See also Hedges. 
 
 Windmills, 3120. 
 
 See also Water-towers. 
 
 Window-box plants, 2040, 2795. 
 
 Window boxes, 3466. 
 
 Window gardens, 2040, 2796. 
 
 See also Greenhouse and house 
 plants; Window-box plants. 
 
 Winter effects — In landscape, 1157. 
 See also Gardens — Seasonal ef- 
 fects. Winter; Plants — iS'ea- 
 sonal appearance. Winter. 
 
 Winter protection of plants, see 
 Plants — Protection, 1862.3. 
 
 Winter sports, Areas for, 6293. 
 See also Skating rinks (Ice). 
 
 Wires,** 3715-3718. 
 
 See also Conduits, Electric; Elec- 
 tric power supply; Heating; 
 Lighting; Telephone. 
 
 Wires, Overhead, 3718. 
 
 Women in the profession of landscape 
 architecture, see Landscape 
 architecture — Professional op- 
 portunities, 324. 
 
 Wood, 3000ml. 
 
 Wood interiors, sec Woodlands, 2145. 
 
 Wood pavements, see Pavements, 
 Wood, 3610ml. 
 
 Woodlands, 2145, 3925. 
 
 See also Bosquets; Forest reser- 
 vations; Forests and forestry, 
 Esthetic; Plants, Woods. 
 
 " Woodroads," 3632. 
 
 Woods, see Woodlands, 21 15, 3925. 
 
 Woods plants, see Plants, Woods, 
 1994.5-1995, etc. 
 
 Yard improvement, 565. 
 
 Yards (Estate, etc.), see Garages and 
 garage yards, 3130; Gardener's 
 yards, 3138; Laundry yards, 
 3134; Service yards, 3132; 
 Stables and stable yards, 3105. 
 
 131 
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Yards (House), see Estates (Private), 
 
 House-lot, 4925-4945. 
 Yearbooks of landscape architecture, 
 
 see Landscape architecture — 
 
 Yearbooks, 15. 
 
 Z 
 
 Zoological gardens, see Zoological 
 
 parks, 5750-5775. 
 Zoological parks,** 5750-5775. 
 See also Aquariums; Aviaries. 
 
 132