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Class __]ilM_ 
 liook .QsW^ 
 
 PKESKNTIOI) UY 
 

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 '^J'^HE rivers run over golden sands, 
 i and over the orolden sands run 
 rivers of gold into golden lands. 
 
 
 TO other" Agricultural Colony or 
 
 ^ x\ enterprise in the United States 
 
 ^ has such a large- amount 'of cement 
 
 and iron pipe in use for irrigating 
 ^. purposes as Ontario, 
 fjj _ ^ _ _ • ^^ 
 
 
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ONTARIO. 
 
 Healtli in Southern California. 
 
 BY DB. J. P. WIDNEY. 
 
 [From the Los Angeles Herald, Dec. 18, 1884.] 
 
 In an article first published In the Calijor- 
 ■nlan for November, 1880, and which has been 
 frequently republished, I then spoke of the 
 climatic belt. 
 
 "Along the base of the Sierra back of Pas- 
 adena, and on eastward, back of San Gabriel, 
 above Pomona, past Cucamonga with its 
 noted vineyards, and on beyond San Ber- 
 nardino, growing warmer as it recedes in- 
 land from the sea, is a belt of foothills above 
 the fog-line, facing out towards the noonday 
 sun, looking down across the plains and the 
 hills of the Coast Range upon the warm 
 southern sea, and yet fanned daily by an 
 ocean breeze that has no harshness. I do 
 not say that there is no more perfect climate 
 than this belt affords, but I have never seen 
 one." 
 
 The mesa lying midway in this belt at the 
 mouth of the San Antonio Caiion, back of 
 Ontario, possesses many features which 
 make it exceptionably favorable for the pur- 
 poses of a health resort, even when contrast- 
 ed with the other portions. Among these 
 may be mentioned: 
 
 1st— A more equable temperature than 
 either the eastern or the western extremity. 
 This is a result of its medium distance from 
 the sea, the ocean breeze being more tem- 
 pered than at the western extremity, while 
 the snmmer heat is more moderate than at 
 the eastern extremity. 
 
 2d— An entire exemption from the north- 
 ers, which at times touch slightly upon 
 many other portions of the belt. The great 
 elevation of Cucamonga peak, back of the 
 mesa, deflects the northerly current off east- 
 ward through the Cajon Pass. 
 
 3d — The mesa here forms a natural back- 
 bone between the plains sloping eastward to 
 the Santa Ana river and westward to the 
 San Gabriel: while the great incline of the 
 plain facing off southward towards the sun 
 reaches an elevation of over 2000 feet before 
 merging into the mountain chain. The 
 effect of this contour and elevation in de- 
 flecting local wind currents is well marked. 
 
 4th— This high sloping divide, formed in 
 the course of ages by the washing of the San 
 Antonio Canon, reaches almost across the 
 valley at this point, forcing the Santa Ana 
 river, with its low lands, its wind currents, 
 its night vapors and fog-lines, many miles 
 away. 
 
 5th— A perfect under-drainage is afforded 
 
 to the mesa by the coarse substratum of 
 gravel and boulders from the washing of the 
 canon, while the surface drainage is equally 
 good from the warm sandy soil of the evenly 
 sloping plain. 
 
 6th— The abundant and unfailing supply 
 of pure, soft, running water from the San 
 Antonio creek. 
 
 7th — The varied and beautiful scenery of 
 plain, mesa, caiion and mountain, with 
 proximity to fine hunting and fishing 
 grounds, thus affording diversion and 
 healthful exercise to invalids. 
 
 8th— Nearness to the pine forests of the 
 San Antonio Caiior. and mountain slopes, 
 where invalids may camp amid the balsamic 
 odors. Many persons suffering from asth- 
 matic, tuberculous and other troubles now 
 camp each year about the caiion with much 
 benefit. The great value of the locality as a 
 health resort is yearly becoming more evi- 
 dent. 
 
 The mesa lying at the east side of the 
 mouth of the canon should be reserved as a 
 location tor a sanitarium, while the sloping 
 bench which leads back along the side of 
 the creek ought to be laid out in lots for li, 
 village site where invalids might live in de- 
 tached cottages. 
 
 The suggestion of Dr. Widney in 
 the foregoing article to use the loca- 
 tion referred to for a health and 
 pleasure resort, is deemed so valuable 
 that the company has decided to act 
 upon it. Instead of devoting that 
 piece of land to ordinary horticultural 
 purposes, where only a few families 
 could receive the benefit, the tract 
 will be laid off for a pleasure park in 
 which will be erected in time a large 
 and fine hotel structure. Adjoining 
 this will be laid off acre lots far resi- 
 dences which will be sold by the Com- 
 pany. Water in iron pipes will be 
 furnished for domestic use. Alternate 
 lots will be sold at three hundred 
 dollars each, the others will be sold 
 at four hundred dollars each during 
 the next six months. This is one of 
 the most romantic and picturesque 
 locations in California and will un- 
 doubtedly become a famous resort. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 Its History, Description, and Resources. — Its Public and Pri- 
 vate Improvements. — Its Water Supply and Educational 
 Advantages, — Its Euclid Avenue and Shade Trees. — 
 Its Attractiveness for Health, Pleasure and 
 Profit. — Valuable Information for those 
 seeking Homes in Southern California. 
 
 PREFAB ED BY R. M. WIDNEY. 
 
 LOS ANGELES., CAL. 
 
 RIVERSIDE : 
 
 PRESS Xfrn HORTICULTURIST STEAM PRINTLNG nOUSB. 
 
 1884. 
 
^'^, 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 The Future Value of Laud. 
 
 Will tlie lii{j;li prices toward which land 
 is advanciu}^ be permanent? Will they 
 continue to pay interest rates on high 
 figures? Will not the markets be over- 
 supplied? 
 
 Tlie answer to tliese questions brings us 
 lo a paradox. Yes and no. 
 
 The destiny of the race is food, clothing 
 nnd education. As the |)opulation of the 
 world increases the labor of eaih j^erson 
 is directe(l to |)rodncing a sustenance. In 
 China, India, and other densely populated 
 districts the result of ilie labor of the indi- 
 vidual is l)is living. Vaty few in the 
 older civilizalifins go beyond this. This 
 living is best obtained from the soil. 
 When this dense population comes upon 
 this section, as it will come upon all the 
 earth in time, then the man who has a ten- 
 acre laiin can from its products feed, 
 clothe and educate his family. That is, 
 by carefully cidlivating the soil b\' the 
 square foot, and raising thereon the food 
 his own family consumes, and raising 
 textile products for clothing, and using 
 his family's lal)or working up the raw 
 material into merchantable articles for 
 sale at low prices, he will feed, clothe and 
 educate his family. When such a time is 
 reached land will bear a higher jnice llian 
 «yer. Xo sum of money can prodvce the 
 necessaries of life, and he who has land 
 from which he supports his family would 
 exchange it for no small sum of money. 
 Therefore for the purpose of sustaining 
 life land wilt not be too high. For the 
 purpose of raising products for market 
 and repurchasing the necessaries of life it 
 may not pay. 
 
 ONTARIO, 
 San Bernardino County, Gal. 
 
 The gem owes much to its setting. 
 
 Each locality on the globe partakes 
 largel\ of the general characteristics of the 
 country in which it is. 
 
 Ontario cannf>t be fully pictured with 
 the pen as it was, is and will be without 
 tirst tilling in the background witli sketch- 
 ings of California generally. 
 
 The early mariners who ga/.ed upon the 
 brown landscape of valleys, mesas and 
 mountains saw nothing desirable, and 
 sailed away to other lands in search of 
 gold and health auvl cereal riches. 
 
 The rivers ran over golden sands. The 
 mountains had built into their founda- 
 tions the shining yellow ore. The gold 
 hunters came and climbed every moun- 
 tain, prospected every ravine, river, creek 
 and hill, and camped on eveiy plain on 
 the Paci tic Slope from the burning south 
 to the cold north. They said the land was 
 only tit for gold, that it was unhealthy, 
 barren and unproductive. When the gold 
 was gone they disappeared from the fields 
 that to them were void of further use. 
 They saw not the transmutation of the 
 products of the soil into gold. 
 
 The rivers run over golden sands, and 
 over the golden sands run rivers of gold, 
 into golden lands. The agriculturist and 
 horticulturist came and by handling 
 the elements as nature intended that 
 they should l)e handle<l they attained re- 
 suits in rapid growth, luxuriant products 
 and prolitic yield that were marvelous. 
 The land that was supposed to be worth- 
 less was demonstratefl to be of the most 
 productive quality. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 Outo the dry plaius and luesa^ man 
 turned the streams of water, and through 
 the products of the soil turned the water 
 into gold. The dream of the alchemist 
 l)ecaaie a fact. In every stream in Cali- 
 fornia golden waters flow over the golden 
 sands. 
 
 Tlie agricultural experience of a score 
 of years has thrown a flood of light and 
 Jinowledge upon the value of soils, local- 
 ities, methods and products. While the 
 whole Stale can excel in everything as 
 <!ompared with other States, yet it has 
 l)een found that each locality- is a specialty' 
 in some things and productive in all. 
 
 Now no one, except the inexperienced, 
 thinks of blindly venturing into the culti- 
 Aation of the soil with promiscuous prod- 
 ucts. Jjocalities are selected R'ith a ^•^ew 
 to the products to be cultivated. 
 
 THE SKI.KCriOX OF OXTAIUU. 
 
 Messrs. George and \Vm. B. Chaftey, 
 .formerly of Ontario, Canada, came to this 
 land of developing and undeveloped won- 
 ders and settled at Riverside, San Bernar- 
 dino county, and gave their time, money 
 and thought to the problems of this new 
 iand. After a number of years experience 
 in practical husbandry, they became aware 
 of the facts above stated and at once set 
 about the selection of a locality, if such 
 were to be found, where the maximum 
 results could be attained from the soil. 
 It was no easy tix-sk. It involved the se- 
 lection of suitable land, in suitable cli- 
 mate, in a good commercial position, with 
 abundance of good water. 
 
 On the southern slope of the Sierra Ma- 
 •dre mountains, where San Bernardino 
 •oonnty joins I^os Angeles county, bouud- 
 •ed on the south by the sieel rails of the 
 Southern Paciflc transcontinental railroad, 
 watered by the clear waters of the San 
 Antonio canyon, which come leaping 
 downi from the perpetual snows of the 
 mountain peaks, free from frost, with a 
 soft, rich, mealy soil, a hundred feet 
 -<ieep, is Ontario. We will not at this 
 time give a detailed theoretical state- 
 ment of the productive merits of the 
 plaoe, for in the subsequent pages will 
 -appear the more valuable evidence of 
 what has actually been done. It is sufli- 
 ''•ient to say that the Chalfey Brothers se- 
 
 lected this place as having the greatest 
 numl^er of desirable elements and the 
 fewest objectionable ones. 
 
 The warm sun from a clear, semi-trop- 
 ical sky pouring its rich rays upon the 
 mountain sides and peaks of the Sierra 
 Madre Mountains, covered with eternal 
 snows, sends down tiie canyons a crystal 
 stream filled with life, health, pleasure 
 and wealth. The beautiful rides in its 
 pine forests are rich with the charms of 
 the primeval groves. 
 
 The invalid whose lungs are panting for 
 the pure air of the high mountain alti- 
 tudes, free from dust and irritating impuri- 
 ties, can here find all that he desires in 
 liealth assistance, blended with the grand 
 and beautiful in nature's mountain .sce- 
 nery, far, far above the pines in snows 
 tliat f^ll ages ago on these mountain 
 heights. 
 
 A PLAX NECESSARY. 
 
 The most of the colony enterprises in 
 this and other States have been perma- 
 nently injured in the defective plan ad- 
 opted in the origin of the work. To take 
 a iiiece of land and sell it out ciuickly at a 
 low price and bring together an inharmo- 
 nious settlement with no concurrence of 
 public action or improvement is one 
 thing (and not a desirable thing either). 
 To take a tract of land, and mature a plan 
 that will work out the greatest common 
 and individual benefit is quite another. 
 
 After land is sold in small tracts to 
 many persons they can never be united 
 in common expenses for the general good 
 be^'ond a very limited extent. There is 
 only one practical way, and that is for the 
 first owners and organizers to carry out a 
 line of improvements that will be for the 
 community good and add the cost thereof 
 to the price of the land. Those who wish 
 that class of improvements pay their part 
 when they buy the land; those who do 
 not want them go to some other place to 
 buy. 
 
 THE OXTAUIO PLAN. 
 
 The Chaffey Brothers matured, after a 
 careful examination of the various colony 
 enterprises of Southern California, the 
 most perfect plan ever adopted by a colo- 
 ny in thus State. It was briefly as follows : 
 
 p"ii-st — Distribute the water for irrigating 
 purpo.ses over the whole tract and to each 
 
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ONTARIO. 
 
 7 
 
 farm lot in eoncretc and iron pipes, re- 
 quiring some forty miles of piping. 
 
 Hecond— Improvo the main tliorough- 
 /are so that it will be a thing of ])eanty 
 and usefulness forever. 
 
 Thn-d — Furnish a college for the educa- 
 tion of tlie people of the colony. 
 
 This of course involved tlie outlay of 
 vast Slims of money before sales could be 
 made. The reader would naturally en- 
 <iuire, 
 
 WHAT HAS BKKN HONK? 
 Two HUNDRKO AND TjIIRTY-KlOHT 
 
 Thousand Four Hundukd and Ninktv- 
 NiNE 77-100 dollars have been spent Ijy tlio 
 company up to July, 1884, in preparing 
 Ontario for lileasant and profitable homes. 
 All of which remains at Ontario benefit- 
 ing those owning or purchasing lands in 
 that place. Of the foregoing amount 
 there has been spent 
 
 .Seventeen Thousand Six Hundred 
 AND Sixty 18-100 dollars in improving 
 streets, planting trees and grading. Tlie 
 most noticeable is Euclid Ayeniie. It ex- 
 tends from the depot due north seven 
 miles to the mountains; is 200 feet wide; 
 is graded with a fine, hard double drive- 
 Avay its entire length. A row of j^oung 
 Eucalyptus trees (the giant trees of Aus- 
 tralia, the largest in the world are of this 
 kind) many of which are nearly 15 feet 
 high, is set out along the sidewalks of this 
 avenue. In the center of the avenue are 
 two rows of palms extending the entire 
 length. In a very few years this avenue 
 will be the grandest, most beautiful and 
 most romantic avenue in the world. 
 
 Thirtv-three Thousand Seven Hun- 
 dred AND Fourteen 24-100 dollars have 
 been expended m constructing a tunnel 
 to tap the subterranean How of the San 
 Antonio Canj'^on, as a reserve and addi- 
 tional water supply for these lands, and 
 in constructing G,000 feet of ditch. It is 
 constructed of stone laid in cement and 
 has a capacity of 1,000 inches of water. 
 
 For the purpose of using the waters of 
 the San Antonio Canyon 
 
 TW'ENTV-SIX AND ONE-HALF MiLES OF 
 
 Cement Pipe have been laid tlirough the 
 
 lands and avenues for irrigating purposes, 
 
 costing Forty-three Thousand dollars. 
 
 Ten Thousand Five Hundred dollars 
 
 Jiave been expended in laying Three and' 
 ONK-HAEF MiEEs of four-iuch, lap-weld^ 
 screw-joint iron pipe which will stand a^ 
 pressure of 5,000 tt)s per s(|uare inch, to 
 supply the town site with water. Several 
 miles of smaller pipe have been laid or are 
 on hand for conducting water into houses,, 
 etc. 
 
 Thirtv-tive Hundred dollars have 
 been expended in the construction of the 
 depot and side-tracks. In addition to this 
 the S. P. R. K. Co. have just linished an 
 extensive freight depot and store room. 
 
 Twenty-five Hundred dollars hav& 
 been expended in constructing a dam in 
 the canyon to turn out the surface waters, 
 and in constructing roads. 
 
 Nine Thousand Six Hundred and 
 Twenty-five dollars have been expend- 
 ed in other small improvements and in- 
 cidental expenses. 
 
 One Hundred Thousand dollars worth 
 of lands -were donated by the Chaftey 
 Brothers to Trustees for the erection and 
 endowment of the Chatt'ey College of Ag- 
 riculture of the University of Southern 
 California. The foundations of the build- 
 ing have been laid. Over 400,000 brick 
 are in the kiln for building with, and the 
 contract is ready to let for the erection 
 of the edifice. 
 
 A steam planing mill has been estab- 
 lished at Ontario by W. J. Waddinghani; 
 and is littcd up to do all kinds of work in 
 wood, such as doors, blinds, sash, etc. 
 
 The Southern Pacific llailroad has built 
 a large freight warehouse for the accom- 
 modation of shippers of freight and has- 
 established an agent at Ontario for the 
 sale of tickets. 
 
 A large grain warehouse lias also been 
 put up by Mr. W. J. Waddingham and 
 the same is now full of wheat and barley 
 raised without irrigation on the mesa 
 lands surrounding Ontario. 
 
 Over four miles of telephone line extend 
 over the tract for the (!onvenience of the 
 public. 
 
 Water for irrigating is delivered in pipes 
 to the highest corner on each ten-acre lot 
 ready for use. 
 
 No other agricultural colony or enter- 
 prise in the United States has such a large 
 amount of cement and iron jjipe in use for 
 irrigating purposes as Ontario. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 THE ONTARIO HOTEL. 
 
 EiGHTKEN Thousand dollars have been 
 ' expended in the construction and furnish- 
 ing of this hotel and some adjacent build- 
 ings. 
 
 This hotel is titled up in a style to com- 
 pare with the best hotels in Southern Cali- 
 fornia. The carpets and furniture are of 
 .the very best quality and entirely new 
 throughout. The tables are furnisheil 
 Avitli the best the market affords and it is 
 .j:)repared by most competent and lirst- 
 class cooks. Tourists and travelers and 
 those wlio arc seeking liomes in California 
 ■will lind this a good i>lace to stop as head- 
 fiuarters. Good fishing and hunting in 
 the mountains a few miles distant, .f. H. 
 Fawcett is the mana2;ev. 
 
 We ha\e bricJly sketched what has been 
 done at Ontario in the short space of two 
 years, showing its magical growth from a 
 useless stretch of waste land to a garden 
 of l>eauty. The reader would naturally 
 say: "Well, if the place is as represented 
 it must be that many sales have been 
 made to those who have seen the place. 
 Who and wliere are they, and what price 
 did they pay for tlieir land?" 
 
 We herewith fnrnish a list of purchas- 
 ers, with former and present address, so 
 that any one can write to them and ascer- 
 tain the facts. We invite the reader to 
 communicate with these persons for any 
 further informalion. 
 
8 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 THE ONTARIO HOTEL. 
 
 TLroiiTEEX Thou.sam> doUar.s have ))een 
 ■ expended in the construction and fnvnish- 
 ing of this hotel and some adjacent liviild- 
 ings. 
 
 This hotel is litted up in a style to com- 
 pare with the best hotels in Southern Cali- 
 fornia. The carpets and furniture are of 
 .the very best (juality and entirely new 
 throughout. The tables are furnished 
 Avith the best the market att'ords and it is 
 .prepared Ijy most conipetent and tirst- 
 class cooks. Tourists and travelers and 
 those who are seeking homes in California 
 will lind this a good place to stop as liead- 
 quarters. Good fishing and hunting in 
 the mountains a few miles distant, .f . H. 
 Fawcett is the manasev. 
 
 \\t' ha\ e brieily sketched what has been 
 done at Ontario in the short space of two 
 years, showing its magical growth from a 
 useless stretch of waste land to a garden 
 of l:>eauty. The reader would naturally 
 say: "Well, if the place is as represented 
 it must be that many sales have been 
 made to those who have seen tiie place. 
 Who and where are they, and what price 
 did they pay for their land?" 
 
 We herewith furnish a list of purchas- 
 ers, with former and present address, so 
 that any one can write to them and ascer- 
 tain the facts. We invite the reader to 
 communicate with these persons for any 
 further information. 
 

■I 
 
 
 
 •u: 
 
 
i'li 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 liist of Property Owners at Ontario. 
 
 Name of Purchaser. 
 
 Alias. F. L 
 
 Averill, W. W 
 
 Auzerais. .1. E 
 
 Boggs, ^^'. W 
 
 Boggs, Geo. W 
 
 Boggs, A. \V 
 
 Borthvvick, A 
 
 Bortliwick, J. P 
 
 Buffinglon, M. C 
 
 Buckler, I. B 
 
 Bodkin, .T.. J 
 
 Barlow, Cieo 
 
 Burdette.f. W 
 
 Brown, Kev. 1) 
 
 Bradford, .las 
 
 Bradford, M.\ 
 
 Bowers, M. V 
 
 Calkins, A. H 
 
 Calkins, .J. S 
 
 Chaflev, ('. F 
 
 Chafley, Dr. E 
 
 Cavalier, H 
 
 Craig, Jas 
 
 Connelly, .Jas 
 
 Dyar, L. S 
 
 Dunlap, .T. C 
 
 Davidson, A 
 
 Dwindle, Prof 
 
 Drew, Edred 
 
 English, Mrs 
 
 Elliott, H 
 
 Ferdinand, P. J 
 
 Fleming, Rev. S. J... 
 
 Gill, N. G 
 
 Garcia, J. S 
 
 Green, P. M 
 
 Gargan, P 
 
 Graves, L. D 
 
 Holmes, N. O 
 
 Harris, C. T 
 
 Hutchins, T 
 
 Hawes, E. A 
 
 Holbrook, G. R 
 
 Holmes, Joseph 
 
 Holt, L. M 
 
 Holmes, .T. H 
 
 Holmes, Thos 
 
 Holdridge, A 
 
 Harker, W. R 
 
 Hidden, II 
 
 Hou.sekeeper, S. II. 
 
 Heacock. H. B 
 
 Jolliffe, .J. H 
 
 Jones, I). T 
 
 Klippel, Geo 
 
 Leeke, W. T 
 
 Lefevre, L 
 
 Leach, E. E 
 
 Mason, R 
 
 Mclntyre. G. R 
 
 Morgan, H. H 
 
 May, W. H 
 
 McCutcheon, R 
 
 McMannis, E 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 liOs Angeles 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Riverside 
 
 (Jlasgow, Scotland... 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 I.iberty, N. \' 
 
 Orange 
 
 Belle Phiine, Iowa... 
 
 Burlington, Iowa 
 
 liHS Vegas, N. M 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 C;hicago. Ill 
 
 liOS Angeles 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Kingston, Canada.... 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Petaluma 
 
 Berkeley 
 
 C)ntario 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Pa.sadena 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Orange 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Anaheim 
 
 San Bernardino 
 
 Ontario 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Bly, Oregon 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa 
 
 Kellogg, Iowa 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Red Monnd, Wis 
 
 Ontario 
 
 IjOs Angeles 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Former Residence. 
 
 No. of 
 Acres 
 
 Town 
 Lots. 
 
 Pontiac, III... 
 
 Redlauds 
 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Burlington. Iowa. 
 
 Riverside. 
 Jamaica ... 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Klamath, Oregon. 
 San Bernardino... 
 
 Exeter, Canada 
 
 Toronto, Canada..., 
 King.ston, C'anada 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Etiwanda.. 
 
 Riverside 
 
 New Orleans, La... 
 Toronto, Canada. . 
 
 Riverside, Me . 
 Riverside, Cal. 
 Loda,Ill 
 
 Loda, 111 
 
 Carliu, Nev. 
 Orange 
 
 Illinois . 
 
 Meade, Mich. 
 Buflfalo, N. Y 
 
 France. 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Catlin, Colo 
 
 Cucamon^ 
 
 20 
 10 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 10 
 20 
 
 lu 
 
 20 
 20 
 40 
 10 
 
 T23- 
 (50 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 30 
 
 oi 
 
 10 
 
 12}^; 
 
 20 
 10 
 20 
 20 
 
 10 
 12 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 20 
 20 
 
lO 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 List of Property Holders at Ontario — Concluded. 
 
 Name of Purchaser. 
 
 Kosidence. 
 
 Former Residenee. 
 
 No. of 
 Acres 
 
 Town 
 Lots. 
 
 Price. 
 
 Moore, J. G 
 
 Moores, J. B 
 
 Madson, A 
 
 Meek, W. T 
 
 Moore, Dr. II 
 
 Mansfield, J. L 
 
 Nicol, Dau'l 
 
 Neal, Cath 
 
 Nicholson, W. G 
 
 Newman, .las 
 
 Noland, C. K 
 
 Newniark, H 
 
 Olrich, .1 
 
 Oakley, H 
 
 Payne, A. E 
 
 Piddington, A 
 
 llubio, A 
 
 Rice, C. T 
 
 Shepherd, B. C 
 
 Sykes, Dr. C. R 
 
 Stewart, John 
 
 Sweet, O 
 
 Sherman, C. E 
 
 Stowell, N. W 
 
 Stein, John 
 
 Stratford, H.C 
 
 Strong, S. W 
 
 Shaw, D. A 
 
 Steele, S. W 
 
 Smith Bros 
 
 Sykes, A. J 
 
 Turner, A. M 
 
 Tays, J. B 
 
 Tays, Rev. J W 
 
 Tays, J. A 
 
 Taylor, Leon 
 
 Walford, A.. 
 
 Whittaker, J. W 
 
 Waddingham, W.... 
 
 Weaver, S. P 
 
 Widney, R. M 
 
 Woodbury & Hatch . 
 Westwood, .T 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 San Jose 
 
 Anaheim 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Pomona 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Brockville, Canada. 
 
 Chicage, 111 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Jan Jose 
 
 Caliente 
 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Romeo, Mich. 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Ontario 
 
 El Paso 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Los Angeles.. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Los Angeles... 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Ontario 
 
 De Luz .., 
 Downey , 
 
 Kingston, Canada . 
 
 Riverside 
 
 Kingston, Canada. 
 Kingston, Canada . 
 
 London, Canada.. 
 N. Clarendon, Pa.. 
 Toronto, Canada... 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Ottawa, Canada.... 
 
 Oneonta, N. Y 
 
 Medicine Lodge, Ks 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Cu(!amonga 
 
 Anaheim 
 
 El Paso, Texas. 
 
 El Paso, Texas 
 
 Cliino 
 
 London, England , 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Kingston, Canada. 
 
 Los Angeles... 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 20 
 40 
 10 
 12 
 20 
 
 20 
 5 
 123i 
 20 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 ir, 
 
 40 
 20 
 10 
 
 10 
 20 
 10 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 $ 300 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 90(» 
 
 1,500 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,425 
 
 2,500 
 
 4,000 
 
 8.000 
 
 l,50a 
 
 ;},175 
 
 4,000 
 
 100 
 
 (JOO 
 
 0,125 
 
 4,000 
 
 750 
 
 2,350 
 
 3,000 
 
 »j,000 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 4,000 
 
 300 
 
 4,150 
 
 >s,000 
 
 4,000 
 
 1,500 
 
 100 
 
 1,500 
 
 4,000 
 
 1,500 
 
 5,000 
 
 150 
 
 1,500 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 I E 
 
 List of Lots Sold with Estimated Value of Improvements Thereon, 
 by Private Parties, July, 1884. 
 
 Name of Owner. 
 
 J. B. Tays 
 
 W. B. Chaftey 
 
 J. S. Garcia 
 
 M. C. Bufflngton.... 
 
 F.L. Alles 
 
 W. B. Chaftey 
 
 .1. C Dunlap 
 
 A. Piddington 
 
 J. P. Borthwick 
 
 D. T. Jones 
 
 L. 1). Graves 
 
 M. V. Bowers 
 
 Smith & Moores 
 
 W. G. Nicholson.... 
 
 J. Connelly 
 
 P. Gargan 
 
 K. McManius 
 
 J. B. Moores 
 
 Geo. Mclntyre 
 
 E. McManius 
 
 (ieo. Mclntyre 
 
 F. I£. Cavaiier 
 
 John Stein 
 
 S. II. Hou.sekeeper. 
 
 W. H. May 
 
 H. Niedecl^en 
 
 .loseph Holmes 
 
 S. P. Weaver 
 
 K. E. Leach 
 
 H. Oakley 
 
 <;. Holbroolt 
 
 I. W. Whittaker 
 
 S. W. Strong 
 
 Dr. Chattev 
 
 M. V. Bradford 
 
 Wm. Hall 
 
 H. Elliott 
 
 E. H. Jollitte 
 
 D. A. Shaw 
 
 K. O. Holmes 
 
 H. Holmes 
 
 a. Mclntvre 
 
 J. B. Tays 
 
 .\. Davidson 
 
 J. B. Tays 
 
 A. Davidson 
 
 C. R. Svkes 
 
 V. ("haffey 
 
 J. W. Tays 
 
 .\. Rubio 
 
 J. Westwood 
 
 It. Mason 
 
 I. B. Buckley 
 
 (". H. Dwindle 
 
 A. W. Boggs 
 
 W. W. Boggs 
 
 G. W. Bogg.s 
 
 Ontario Land Co.:. 
 t)ntario Land Co... 
 Ontario Land Co... 
 Dan Nicol 
 
 9 town lots.. 
 2 town lots.. 
 
 40 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 2';^ acres 
 
 30 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 1 town lot... 
 
 2 town lots.. 
 
 3 town lots.. 
 3 town lots.. 
 2 town lots.. 
 2 town lots.. 
 1 town lot... 
 1 town lot... 
 
 1 town lot... 
 
 2 town lots.. 
 
 1 town lot... 
 
 2 town lots.. 
 1 town lot... 
 
 10 acres 
 
 5 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 100 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 40 acres 
 
 1 town lot... 
 
 2>2 acres 
 
 1 town lot... 
 
 10 acres 
 
 40 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 .") acres 
 
 .") acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 40 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 ft town lots. 
 
 (50 acres 
 
 10 acres , 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 2'v acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 1 town lot... 
 10 acres 
 
 VaUie of 
 
 trees, vines, 
 
 etc. 
 
 $ 300 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 2,000 
 
 300 
 
 500 
 
 SOO 
 
 House and barn.. 
 
 Barn 
 
 House and barn.. 
 House and barn.. 
 House and barn.. 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 House and barn.. 
 
 House 
 
 House 
 
 Store 
 
 Store 
 
 Barn 
 
 Stable 
 
 House 
 
 House 
 
 House 
 
 Two stores 
 
 500 
 300 
 
 1,600 
 
 10,000 
 
 2,000 
 
 1,000 
 500 
 1,500 
 1,000 
 2,500 
 3,500 
 
 750 
 5,000 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,800 
 
 1,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 .500 
 
 500 
 
 2,000 
 
 1,200 
 
 3,000 
 
 l,.50O 
 
 700 
 
 Buildiugs and fenc- 
 
 House 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 House 
 
 House 
 
 Two houses 
 
 House and barn. 
 
 House 
 
 Barn 
 
 House 
 
 House 
 
 House 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 House, etc 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 House 
 
 House 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 House 
 
 Fence . 
 
 Barn 
 
 House. 
 iBain ... 
 
 200 
 
 3,000 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,.500 
 
 500 
 
 500 
 
 150 
 
 1,000 
 
 Fencmg, etc. 
 
 Hotel 
 
 Boarding house.. 
 
 Ottice 
 
 House 
 
 1,350 
 tiOO 
 
 3,-500 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,200 
 
 4,000 
 400 
 150 
 500 
 
 1,500 
 (J50 
 (iOO 
 500 
 500 
 200 
 
 1,000 
 900 
 (550 
 
 2,000 
 150 
 .350 
 350 
 150 
 250 
 200 
 
 1,500 
 
 2,500 
 200 
 :500 
 175 
 
 1,000 
 400 
 300 
 
 4,750 
 250 
 100 
 300 
 350 
 
 1 ,000 
 150 
 
 (50 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 200 
 
 1,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 1 .500 
 
 1,900 
 
 (300 
 
 Total Valu« 
 
 of luiprove- 
 
 inents. 
 
12 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 List of Lots Sold -^.-ith Estimated Value of Improvements Thereoa, 
 by Private Parties, July, 1884— Continued. 
 
 Nawk of Ownek. 
 
 J. A. Tays 
 
 A. Holdridge 
 
 L. S. Dvar 
 
 L. 8. Dyar 
 
 Thos. Holmes 
 
 W. W. Averill 
 
 P. (iargaii 
 
 Ij. Tayloi' 
 
 W. Wa(ldiuj>baui... 
 
 W. B. Chatrey 
 
 10. ITavvo.s 
 
 \V. Neal 
 
 Jl. ('. Stratford 
 
 .1. H. Favvcett 
 
 L. M.llolt 
 
 ■^r. lliUchiiis 
 
 N. a. am 
 
 W. T. Leeke 
 
 If. H. Morgan 
 
 N. W. iStovvell 
 
 .S. W. .Steele 
 
 A. Borthwick 
 
 <;. Olrieh .* 
 
 S. J. Fleming' 
 
 J. G. INIoore 
 
 J. J. Bodkin 
 
 B. ('. Shepherd 
 
 AV.J. Waddinghani 
 
 T.. M. Holt 
 
 Ontario Nurserv 
 
 20 icres- , 
 
 1 town lot... 
 
 20 acre.s 
 
 2' 2 acres 
 
 20 acre.^ 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 aci'es 
 
 20 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 1 ttnvn lot... 
 
 10 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 2}^' acres.... 
 
 10 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 1 town lot... 
 
 10 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 2':^ acres 
 
 1 town lot.., 
 
 20 acres 
 
 2' J acres 
 
 1 town lot.., 
 
 2 town lots.. 
 40 acres 
 
 Value ot 
 
 trees, vines, 
 
 etc. 
 
 ,000 
 ;")0 
 
 ,:;oo 
 
 200 
 ,0(K) 
 .000 
 000 
 ,000 
 
 ,or)0 
 ,000 
 r)00 
 
 ,000 
 .000 
 000 
 (iOO 
 000 
 
 ,.100 
 ,0{wj 
 
 ,(100 
 .'500 
 
 100 
 
 ;'.oo 
 
 10,000 
 
 Buildiuss and feac- 
 
 House . 
 House. 
 House. 
 
 Fencing .. 
 Barn, etc. 
 
 Fence 
 
 Fence 
 
 Value of 
 Buildings. 
 
 .-,00 
 
 .•;.30 
 
 120 
 
 400 
 
 ()0 
 
 (>0 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 House, etc 
 Fence 
 
 .•;o(i 
 
 1,200 
 120 
 
 Hou.se ■. 
 
 ;'.oo 
 
 
 
 Fence 
 
 120 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 r,()0 
 
 .Shop 
 
 l.")0' 
 
 
 
 Hou.se 
 
 2-")0 
 
 
 
 Barn 
 
 l.'iO 
 
 
 
 House 
 
 2,000 
 
 Shop 
 
 17-i 
 
 House 
 
 1,0.')0 
 
 
 
 Total Value 
 of Improve- 
 ments, 
 
 $2,.500 
 400 
 
 2,(jr>o 
 
 200 
 
 2,120 
 
 1,400 
 
 OHO 
 
 1,000 
 
 l,0.->0 
 
 2,000 
 
 -'300 
 
 300 
 
 2,200 
 
 2,120 
 
 900 
 
 600 
 
 1,200 
 
 1,.'>00 
 
 1,120 
 
 .500 
 
 150 
 
 1 ,000 
 
 2.')0 
 
 :^.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 100 
 
 2,:100 
 
 17.5 
 
 l,a50 
 
 10,000 
 
 Total value of trees, vines, etc., $93,200; total value of buildings, $<i.'J,140; total value 
 of improvements, $156,n40. 
 
 Ontario Nursery. One thou.sand ornamental trees. 
 
 One thou.sand two hundred fruit trees 
 
 Fortv thousand seedling poach trees for i'^^ orchard. 
 , 1 1- ■ Sixteen thou.sand grape cuttings in vine- 
 
 budding. . y^j.j_ 
 
 Twenty thou.sand seedling pear tree.s for 
 
 grafting. W. B. Ohafiky, Esq., Dear iSir:—All 
 
 Fifteen liiou.sand seedling apple trees the above nunsery trees were planted last 
 
 for graftin"-. stpriug, and they have all made a good 
 
 (Sixteen thousand apple graft.s. growth, much better than I expected. 
 
 One thou.sand cherry grafts. Yours truly. 
 
 One thou.sand pepper trees. Ontario, Aug. 1, 18S4. D. A. Sha'»v. 
 
Pine Forests of San Antonio Canyon^ above Ontario. 
 
14 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 The Price of Land at Ontario. 
 
 Are not tlie prices too high? Cannot 
 equally good lands be bought for less 
 money? 
 
 Yes, equally good lands can be bought 
 in Africa, or South America, or Mexico 
 for less money; and there are remote, 
 isolated places m California wliere land 
 can be bought for less money. 
 
 But in the two cases what do you buy? 
 At Ontario the land without the water and 
 the other public benefits is worth only 
 $7") to f 100 per acre; but in buj'ing, the 
 purchaser's land is enhanced in value by 
 the 1238,409 spent by the company m pub- 
 lic improvements, in which every pur- 
 chaser is a joint beneficiary^ as much as if 
 he held an absolute title to his part. 
 
 Ij«nd in New York C-itj^ is worth thou- 
 sands of dollars per foot. Why? Because 
 of the surroundins circumstances of com- 
 merce, business, society and civilization. 
 Aside from sucli circumstances, land in 
 New York City is worth but a few dollars 
 per acre. 
 
 The same rules apply at Ontario. The 
 value of property is fixed and made by 
 the combination of circumstances which 
 nature and monej' liave pi'oduced — pro- 
 ductive, exhanstless soil, abundance of 
 water, irrigating dams, ditches, tunnels, 
 pipes, avenues, hotels, railroads, colleges, 
 liealth, civilization, good society, live, en- 
 ■ergetic, wealthy settlers — all combine to 
 inake the land reasonable at its present 
 prices. 
 
 If a person wants this combination 
 around liis homo and familj' he must ex- 
 pect to pay for it in some form. Here it 
 ^ilready exists, and is paid for by the own- 
 ers of the land, and is added to the ordi- 
 nary price of land — each purchaser paying 
 his proportion. 
 
 If a person wisliosland without these 
 ■circumstances of liealth, civilization and 
 ■education he can get it in other portions of 
 the world; but let him remember that 
 when he has so purcliased the cheap lands 
 it will cost him vast sums to add to it 
 these things whicli alone elevate and build 
 up the human race into higher culture, 
 enjoyment and civilization. F-ands at any 
 4>rice witliout these aids are far dearer 
 
 than Ontario lands are at their present 
 prices, with the auxiliaries existing. 
 
 Men of good business judgment and 
 foresight see these facts and unhesitatingly 
 purchase here for their homes. We ven- 
 ture the statement that in the State of 
 California there is not a collection of men 
 who will average in wealth, business 
 ability, judgment and foresight as high as 
 the purchasei's of land at Ontario. 
 
 A person lacking in these qualities never 
 purchases in Ontario. He is the only one 
 who, after seeing, says lands are too high. 
 
 Our men of best ability classif^^ Ontario 
 lands as reasonable in price and destined 
 to advance in rapid strides to |I000 per 
 acre. ^ 
 
 $16,000 an Acre. 
 
 J. A, Carit, of San Bernardino, Cal., a 
 native of France, but for several years a 
 resident of Central America, and more late- 
 1}' of this county, mentions the fact that 
 vineyard projierty near Bordeaux, France, 
 has sold recently at as high a figure as 
 $16,000 per acre, and that the vines only 
 bear about 2li pounds each of grapes. 
 Where is the price of land going to yet in 
 this country? — Presfi and JlorticHlturist. 
 
 Ontario Prices. 
 
 In answer to a number of inquiries for 
 our opinion of the prices of Ontario land, 
 we answer: 
 
 The prices asked for lands may seem a 
 little high, but when everything is taken 
 into consideration, with a guarantee of 
 every promise made being fulfilled to the 
 letter, we consider the lands very reason- 
 able.— 7'*(rrt/, Ckdijorniau, 1S82. 
 
 Since the above was printed the i)rom- 
 ises have been carried out, as hereinbe- 
 fore shown. 
 
 Is One Inch of Water to Ten Acres 
 Enough ? 
 
 Pasadena uses about one inch to 20 
 acres; Riverside, one inch to ti acres; Po- 
 mona, one inch to 10 acres; Los Angele* 
 city, about one inch to 10 acres; Long 
 Beach, one inch to ir> acres; Ontario, one 
 inch to 10 acres. 
 
 One inch of water is worth $1000 tc* 
 $1500. In time it will be worth double 
 that. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 «5 
 
 ONTARIO WATER RIGHTS. 
 
 "Water Contract Between the Chaffey 
 Brothers and San Antonio Water 
 Company. 
 
 The foUowiuK contract is the basis of 
 the water rights of settlers in the Ontario 
 tract: 
 
 Agreement made and entered into this 
 2;Jd day of November, A. I). 1882, between 
 Geo. Chatt'ey, Jr., and William li. Chatt'ey, 
 parties of the first part, and the San An- 
 tonio Water Company, a corporation or- 
 ganized under the laws of the State of 
 California, party of the second part, wit- 
 nesseth: That, whereas, the parties of the 
 first part are the owners in certain water, 
 water rights, water i^rivileges and appur- 
 tenances, (lowing from the Cucamonga 
 mountains, in San Bernardino county, 
 <"alifornia, in and through the San Anto- 
 nio canxon and creek to the extent of one- 
 half of all the water in the same, and party 
 ^>f the second part is desirous of obtaining 
 title to the same; 
 
 Now, therefore, in consideration of the 
 ♦•ovenants and agreements hereinafter 
 mentioned, and of one dollar in hand paid 
 each to the other b\^ the parties hereto, 
 tlie receipt of which is hereby acknowl- 
 ■edged, the said parties mutually covenant 
 and agree as follows, to-wit: 
 
 I'irst, The parties of the lirst part will, 
 at their own cost and expense, construct a 
 reservoir on the northern part of the col- 
 ony of Ontario, in said county, upon a site 
 Whicli shall be mutually agreed upon, and 
 which reservoir shall be substantially 
 constructed, and of a capacity to hold a suf- 
 ficient supply for distribution over the 
 Jands sold and to be sold in said colony 
 1)}'^ parties of the first part, and will Hume, 
 pipe or by by other means conyey the one- 
 half of the water from said canj^on or 
 •creek, and of the waters to be developed 
 theioin into said reservoir as rapidly as 
 the land sold by parties of the (list j)ait 
 shall be ready for irrigation to the highest 
 corner on each ten-acre lot owned by ihe 
 stockholders of the party of the second 
 part, placing on each line of pipes turn- 
 outs so constructed as to measure accur- 
 ateh' the water to be delivered to each 
 tract, and also to and over the town tracit 
 o( Ontario, as located by said parties of 
 
 the first part, in said colony, containing 
 one hundred and sixty acres of land. 
 The pipes to supply said town with water 
 shall be laid on all streets running north 
 and south from a point which will give 
 sufficient pressure for a twentj'-foot head 
 at the north line of said town, and said 
 parties of the lirst part will, on the ir>th 
 day of Juh', 1883, convey by deed of 
 grant to said parties of the second part all 
 the waters to the extent of one-lialf there- 
 of, and all of the waters to be develo[)ed 
 Mowing in and through said San Antonio 
 canyon and creek, and the rights ^.nd 
 privileges appurtenant ^thereto, and also 
 the reservoir heretofore mentioned, and 
 the flumes, pipes, or other modes of con- 
 veyance built for conducting tlie said 
 water to the reservoir, and the right of 
 waj'^ therefor, and also the right to take 
 and use all necessary materials from the 
 adjoining lands to repair or reconstruct 
 said reservoir. It being understood that 
 parties of the first part may use the water 
 at any point or points above the reser- 
 voirs for milling or mechanical purposes, 
 or any purpose requiring power; provided 
 that the same shall be returned into the 
 reservoir without waste of the original 
 supply. 
 
 Second, That said parly of the second 
 jjart will, on or before the 15th day of 
 July, 188:!, on demand issue to the said 
 parties of the first part shares of stock of 
 the San Antonio Water t^ompany, to be 
 estimated as follows, to-wit: 
 
 All water flowing from said San Antonio 
 canyon or creek shall, on the 15th day of 
 Jul\', 188;?, be measured at the place of 
 discharge into the said reservoir. iVn inch 
 of water for all purposes mentioned herein 
 is defined to be a stream which will flow 
 through an aperture one inch square in a 
 one-inch plank under a four-inch pressure 
 from the center of such aperture. One 
 share of stock shall be issued for each one- 
 tenth of an inch of water so measured. 
 The stock subsci-ibed by the corporators 
 of party of the second part shall be in- 
 cluded in and l^e a part of the said issue- 
 and shall be delivered jirevious to said 
 15th day of July, 1883, either to said sub- 
 scribers or to the parties of the first part 
 on demand to the extent of two thousand 
 shares. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 There shall be issued to R. M. Widney, 
 of Los Angeles, one hundred and sixty 
 shares of the stoek of said (lorporation, 
 to be held by him in trust for the town of 
 Ontario aforesaid; and the inhabitants of 
 said town sliall be entitled to the use of 
 sixteen inches of water for.tlie j>urpoises 
 set forth in t)ie eertiticate of incorporation 
 of siiid San AntoniO Water Company, and 
 subject to all rules, rei^ulations and 
 charges ol saul lorporation; provid»'d that 
 should it be found a less number of inches 
 of water w ill supply said purposes, then 
 said shares sl)aU be reduced so as to rep- 
 resent the number of inches actually re- 
 quired, and the overplus, if any, shall be 
 issued for tlu; benellt of and to the parlies 
 of the lirst part in accordance with the 
 terois of this agreement. 
 
 Third, From and after July 15ih,- 1883, 
 the parties of the tirst part ma3' improve 
 or further develop water in said canyon or 
 any other canyon in the vicinity or at any 
 other land owned by them, or obtain 
 water, by purchase or otherwise, from 
 any party, provided that the water so de- 
 veloped, purchased, or owned can be put 
 in the said reservoir by pipes or Humes as 
 hereinbefore described; and at the end of 
 each year for fifteen years, on each suc- 
 ceeding loth day of July, the additional 
 water so delivered in the said reservoir 
 over and above that measured in the j^re- 
 ceding year, shall be measured in the 
 same manner us sot forth in article second 
 herein, and additional shares of stock 
 shall be issued therefor upon the same 
 basis as above set forth, provided that the 
 said parties of the tirst part shall at the 
 same time convey by deed of grant to 
 party of the second part all land and 
 water so developed, purchased or owned, 
 and the pipes or flumes appurtenant 
 thereto, and the right of way therefor. 
 It being understood that further develop- 
 ment can be continued on the same land 
 or on that purchased f)r owned in each 
 year for Jifteen years from the loth day of 
 July, 1883, by said parties of the lirst part, 
 and additional shares of stock issued to 
 them for the same, upon the same basis 
 and subject to the same conditions and 
 provisions as hereinbefore set forth. It 
 being further understood that said parly 
 of the second pan have possession of and 
 
 lull control over all distributing pipes 
 from the reservoir as soon as the same 
 shall be constructed and laid. 
 
 Foarth, During the aforesaid term of 
 fifteen years from the 15th day of Julj ', 
 )8S.'i, the said jmrty of the second part 
 hereby binds itself not to issue or dispose 
 of any stock in its company (o any other 
 jierson or persons than those hereinabove 
 mentioned. It being understood that on 
 the 15th of Jul3% 1897, the partiesof the sec- 
 ond part shall be iu the full possession by 
 deed of grant, front tlie jiartios of tlie (irs( 
 part of all sources of water supply, ali 
 water aiid water rights, i-eservoirs, Humes, 
 and pipes of supply and disti-ibution, amJ 
 all rights of way therefoi-, herein men- 
 tioned, and after said 15th of July, 18517, 
 the said party of the se<*ond part «hall 
 have the exclusive right to developo water 
 on the tracts of land hereinbefort! de- 
 scribed, and may purchase any water or 
 w ater rights after said last date, from any 
 person or persons and develop the same- 
 paying therefor in stock or otherwise. If 
 in stock, then at not less than upon the 
 same basis as hereinbefore set forth, antl 
 no slock shall be solil or disposed of t(* 
 any person except upon ihe basis of on<" 
 share for each one-tenth of an inch of 
 water so purchased or for any olhei- con- 
 sideration than for further water supply; 
 and parties of the tirst part agree that 
 right of way over and through any land 
 owned by said parties of the lirst psirt 
 shall be granted free of cost for all watei- 
 >o developed or purchased. This agree- 
 ment shall bind the heirs, executors, ad- 
 ministrators, successors and assigns of the 
 respective parties hereto. 
 
 In witness whereof the parties cif the 
 rirst part Irave hereunto signed their 
 names. 
 
 [Signed] Geo. CHAFFtv,. Jk.. 
 
 W. B. Chappkv.. 
 
 And the party of the sec^ond part has 
 signed its name and afhxed its corporate 
 seal, being lirst duly authorized by a reso- 
 lution of its Board of Idrectors. 
 
 San Antonio Watkh t'oAirANV. 
 
 [SKAL.] K. M. WlDNKV, PlCS't. 
 
 Attest: L. M. Holt, Sec'y. • 
 
 Extract frosn minutes of meeting of 
 
 Board of Directors, Saii Antonio Water 
 
 Company. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 DlREC'TOR.s' MEEflN-Gt. 
 
 Ontario, Nov. 23, I8s2. 
 Remlved, That the agreement to be en- 
 tered into on the ^-iirdav of November, 
 1882, between George C'halley, Jr., and 
 
 ■ W. B, t'hattey, of the one part, and the 
 
 ' rSan Antonio Water t'onipany on the other 
 part 1)6, and the same is hereby ratified in 
 all its parts, and the President and Secre- 
 tary of the corporation are hereb3^ author- 
 ized to sig-n, acknowledge and affix the 
 
 ' corpor«,te seal of this corporation to said 
 
 ■agreement. 
 
 I certify tlie above to l:)e a true, fnll and 
 • correct copyof a resolution as recorded in 
 the minutes- of the record book of a meet- 
 ing of Directors -of this corporation. 
 
 L. M. Holt, Sec'y. 
 
 What an Incii of Water Will Do. 
 
 '■ People gerterall^-., and Eastern people in 
 •particular, have a very vague idea re- 
 garding an incb of water. For the benefit 
 of such we present a few facts relative 
 iliereto). 
 
 lu discussing water rights in Soutiieru 
 California it has become customary and 
 convenient to speak of an inch of water to 
 a certain number of acres of land. For 
 instance, Riverside has been using one 
 inch of water to six acres of land, and 
 •wastiKgas much more through its waste- 
 S-u'iL systems of open ditches. Redlands 
 and Etiwanda are using one inch to eight 
 .acres; Ontario and Pomona, one inch to 
 ' cen'aOVfes, ■•vvhile Pasadena last season had 
 one hvAi to l(i<> acres, but now they have 
 put up a pumj> at a cost of ^12,000 and are 
 furnishing the settlement with more wa- 
 ter, but have also spread their supply 
 ' oyer'ViM'Cre land. Los Angeles has liad 
 ' »»e*^iach to from seven to ten acres. 
 
 An inch of water is the quantity which 
 ilows through an aperture one inch square 
 an a one-inch plank, under a four-inch 
 pressure, measuring from tlit* center of 
 .the aperture. 
 
 Fifty inches of water will furnish a 
 cubic foot of water per second. 
 
 A stream of water is said to contain a 
 certain number of inches of water for irri- 
 gating i)urposes, based uix>n a measure- 
 ment in midsummer, say the loth of 
 July or the 1st of August. The stream 
 will be much larger during April, Ma.y 
 and June, ami the stream will commence 
 to increase in volume again by the 1st or 
 
 ISth of September, altliougii iiO J'ains may 
 fall for several months after those dates. 
 
 An inch of water flowing twertty-four 
 hours will fill a cubical cistern 10 feet 
 square and 17,'i feet deep. 
 
 On a basis of one inch of water to eight 
 acres of land each eight-acre lot would re- 
 ceive 390,000 gallons of water each month. 
 The average number of trees to eight 
 acres is 576; therefore the ground sur- 
 rounding each tree would receive 677 
 gallons iier month or about twenty-two 
 barrels of water in thirty days. 
 
 This basis of one inch of water to eight 
 acres of land is equal to a rainfall of one 
 and three-fourth inches during the driest 
 month, and from two to three inches per 
 month during April, Maj- and June; also 
 duiing October and November. — Press 
 avd HordcnUnrhSt. 
 
 How to Estimate the ileal Value of 
 Land. 
 
 The intrinsic or real value of land is 
 determined by comparing its net nicome 
 with tlie rate of intei'est at that place. If 
 after deducting all exi^enses land gives a 
 net yield of |U per acre, and the ctin-ent 
 rate of net interest is 6 per cent., then the 
 land is worth $100 per acre. 
 
 If the rate of interest goes down to 3 per 
 cent., then the same land is worth |200per 
 acre. 
 
 If tlie rate of interest reniains at 6 per 
 cent., and the net income from the land 
 runs up to §i30 per acre, then the value of 
 the land is §300 per acre. 
 
 Land in orange trees frequently gives 
 f 600 net profit per acre, which would gixe 
 as the valine of the land $10,000 per 
 acre. There are orange groves in South- 
 ern California that tlie owners would not 
 take $10,000 per acre for, 
 
 \'ineyards for raisins or wine will give 
 a net profit of as high as |>300 per acre, 
 which would put the value at $5000 per 
 acre. Lands in Ontario and in many 
 places in Southern California will in fruits 
 3'ield a net profit of from $i)0 per acre up 
 to $600, and are intrinsically worth from 
 $1000 upwards. 
 
 Home seekers are beginning to come in 
 already and a large einigraftion may be 
 looked for this winter. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 19 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 Interesting History — Early Days at 
 Ontario — Laying the Corner Stone 
 of the Chaffey College of Agricul- 
 ture. 
 
 When this occurred Ontario had just. 
 been .started. Not a settler upon it, and 
 not an acre of land cultivated. The fol- 
 lowing is from the Los Angeles Daihi 
 Herald of March 18, 1883: 
 
 The programme for Saturday, March 
 17tli, 1883, made Ontario, the new fruit 
 colony, the objective point. At 8:30 the 
 Press Excursion and others embarked by 
 rail at the Kiver.side depot and proceeded 
 to Coiton. At 9 o'clock a special train, 
 chai-tered by Chattey Brothers, took the 
 people and started for Ontario where the 
 train .side tracked for the day. At this 
 point scores of people had assembled to 
 take the people to the mesa at the foot of 
 the mountains, some seven miles distant. 
 A portion of the conveyances were loaded 
 up at once and started up Euclid Avenue, 
 which lias been graded for a distance of 
 six and a half miles. The excursion had 
 but just got awaj- from the station when 
 another train arrived from Los Angeles, 
 bringing another large crowd of people, 
 but there were teams enough for all. 
 
 By 11:30 o'clock all had arrived on the 
 picnic grounds, which consisted of a table- 
 laud at the foot of the mountains at the 
 head of the Ontario tract. There are in 
 this elevated plateau some 80 acres of the 
 finest land to be found in the State, and 
 it is here that it is proposed at no \evy 
 distant day to erect a fine hotel after the 
 style of Sierra ISIadre ^'illa in Los Angeles 
 count.>'. The location is about 800 feet 
 above the town of Ontario, on tlie railroad, 
 and about 1800 feet above the sea level, 
 and tlie view from this point is one of the 
 finest to l>e found in Southern California. 
 Had this mesa been laid ofl into five-acre 
 tracts the whole could have been .sold at 
 high figures on sJiort notice to those 
 present. 
 
 There had l.>een jnepared liere a fine 
 lunch, which was .spread on a long table, 
 and at a signal from William H. Barnes, 
 Manager of the Press Excursion, wlio 
 took his place at the head of the table, the 
 
 company soon fell into line and all helped 
 themselves until five hundred appetites, 
 sharjiened by the pure mountain air, were 
 entirely satisfied. 
 
 After lunch Mr. Bai-nes'mounted a box, 
 blew lus whistle, and in a few minutes 
 had the Press As.sociation around him, 
 together with a large and attentive audi- 
 ence of other people. He addressed them 
 briefly, referring to the enterprise and 
 hosi3italit3' of the Chattey Brotliers — a 
 firm that advertised more liberallj' than 
 any other on the coast. 
 
 Mr. L. P. McCarthy, of the San Fran- 
 cisco Statistician, Secretary of the Pacific 
 Coast Press Association, tlien introduced 
 tlie following resolutions: 
 
 Whereas, The spirit of enterprise and 
 energy should ever be recognized by 
 "press" and "i^eople," therefor, be it 
 
 Resolved, That the ideas to ])e illustra- 
 ted in tlie proposed Colon.y of Ontario and 
 the intended settlement of said tract by 
 an intelligent and thrifty people merits 
 and is entitled to the cordial ai>probatioa 
 of every reflecting mind. 
 
 Resolved, That the Chafte.v Brotliers, in 
 this enterprise, have tlie sincere wishes of 
 all here present for their entire success in 
 each and eveiy particular. 
 
 Resolved, That for the generous and lib- 
 eral hospitality this day extended, we 
 hereby evidence our heartj' appreciation 
 and close with the sentiment "that we 
 ma J- be spared to return to this spot five 
 years from ttiis date and find instead of 
 an uninhabited plain, a happy colony of 
 handsome women and gallant men living 
 in comfortable homes beneath their own 
 vine and fig tree, basking in the sunshine 
 of a golden prosperity." 
 
 Resolved, That a copy of tiiese resolu- 
 tions be ijresented to the Chattey Brothers 
 and that the same be inscribed upon the 
 pages of the record book of th.e Pacific 
 Coast Press Association. 
 
 President Barnes invited all to vote up- 
 on the resolutions, when they were adopt- 
 ed with a shout that fairly made the 
 mountain canyons ring back their echoes. 
 
 The multitude then took to the wagons, 
 and soon a procession several inilfes long 
 was returning down the avenue, headed 
 for the college campus on the west side of 
 the avenue, one mile from the railroad 
 track. Here they found the foundation 
 walls of the college building already laid 
 and the corner-stone in readiness for the 
 final ceremonies. 
 
20 
 
 ONTARI(3. 
 
 "ftev. A. M. Hough cmjc^I the imetins; to 
 order, aft^r which the grand anthem, 
 
 was finely renrlered by Mr. ,!. H. >took, 
 Mrs. IvOiiise 1. Heesoii ;i!ui Mrs. A. K. 
 Pomeroy. Prayei wn/^ Lheu (jj'ered tiy 
 Rev. M. F. Colburn, of l{iverside. 
 
 Mr. K. J. Wiukson, of the Pari.Jic lla.ral 
 Prt^n, delivered a carefully piepared ad- 
 dress, of \vhii-,h tht^ following is the jiro- 
 logue — the address we oinil for want of 
 of sijaee: 
 
 homes, an institiHion the aim of whieb 
 shall be to bring to the inmates of those 
 homes the improving inrtnencjos of mental 
 and moral <'ulture, and at the .>ame time 
 dissemiTiate among them a better under- 
 standing of methods and means which 
 may acJvance their material jjrosperitj'. 
 Thus, while they are establishing homes, 
 you establish in the midst of them an in- 
 (hience toward home improven^ent; while 
 they ar<i (;onfiden(ly making investment: 
 and putting forth (iftbrt to secure for them- 
 selves and their i-hildren the blessings and 
 
 Chaffey College '>f Agriculture. 
 
 JMt. President, Gfntlcinen oj the Board of 
 Trustees of thr Chaffey College of AqrL- 
 ctUture : 
 
 We are assembh-d to-day to mark by 
 appropriate ceremonies the inception of 
 an undertaking which we trust will result 
 in an important contribution to the edu- 
 cational and industrial advanc^ement of 
 the State. You plant in a fruitful region, 
 whiclii W'-^ expect will be filled with happy 
 
 benefits of industrial success, you have 
 undertaken to build up an agency which 
 shall help to make the attainment of that 
 success more sure. The effort is one emi- 
 nently fit to be made, and it reflects credit 
 upon you as devoted friends of intellectual 
 and industrial advancement, and upon 
 those by whose generous enterprise you 
 are furnished with materials for the work 
 you have ii:ndertaken. May your effort 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 21 
 
 he crowned with the fullest success. May 
 it bo yours to rememltfr with pride when 
 this grand districrt of our State shall he 
 fully clotlied with the green and {jold of 
 w;rowth and fruitage, that you stood here 
 when the fields \vere hare and pledged 
 yourselves to the upholding of an institu- 
 tion which proved itself an inij)ortant fac- 
 tor in the development \\ hi<ij your eyes 
 shall see. 
 
 Judge II. M. VV'iduoy, (.^liairinan of the 
 Board ol" Directors of the I'niversity, then 
 ■<lelivered the follf)wiiig address: 
 
 [When this address was delivered Onta- 
 rio was an unbroken waste; not a settk^r 
 -'"ui il, uoi an acre cultivated.] 
 
 AUI)Kj;sS OV Jl'UG'K WIDNKV. 
 
 I, adieu and (IcntUnnm: Many centuries 
 .ago a Syrian king b\' night surrounded a 
 city in which was one of the Prophets of 
 3srael whom he wished to kill. When 
 the morning dawned, a 3'oung man who 
 was with the prophet, .stseing the Syrian 
 army, cried out in despair, "Alas, my 
 master, what shall we do?" Mlisha prayed 
 that the I/ord would open the eyes of the 
 young man that he miglit see, and his 
 •eyes were opened; "and he saw; and be- 
 liold, the mounlain was full of horses and 
 •chariots of lire around and abtmt Elisha." 
 With the natural eye you look upon these 
 surrounding uncultivated and unsettled 
 plains, and you 'ay, "Why lay the foun- 
 dation stone and build a college here and 
 Jiow? it is premature and must fail."' 
 But let us draw aside the vail and behold 
 llie unseen future. I pray that your eyes 
 may be opened and that you may see the 
 things "that must shortly be." 
 
 The United States is rapidly jHjpulating 
 h\ every part. I{y immigration and birth 
 the country will be a.s densely populated 
 as the countries of Europe. 
 
 The desirable places where climale, 
 Ncenery, soil, water. cx>mmerce and edu- 
 cration comljine, will settle uj) most 
 quickly. The.se circumstances combiuctl 
 f re long will populate Ontario with homes 
 iind a teeming population. Not only 
 Ontario, but all these extended plains 
 stretched out before you will be densely 
 populated in the years to come. Water 
 will be stored in these mountain canyons, 
 or drawn from deep well.s, or brought in 
 
 pijHjs from distant mountain streams and 
 rivers, and clause those valleys to blossom 
 as the Garden of the Lord. Not only i.s it 
 true of this place, but of all Southern Cali- 
 fornia. A heavy population will 5'et tread 
 this sunny southern land. 
 
 About half a century ago (jne of the 
 strong minds of Europe wrote a little book 
 called the "Vestiges of Creation," treating 
 of the growth and development of the hu- 
 man race. lie i)rop!iesied, his eyes were 
 opened and he saw into the future. Of 
 the I'nited States he said: "The United 
 States might be expected to make no great 
 way in civilization till they be fully i)eo- 
 pled to the Pacitic, and it iiiight not be 
 unreasonable to exiiect that when that 
 event has ocieurred, the greatest civiliza- 
 tion of that territory will be found in the 
 I*ninsula of California and the narrow 
 strip of country beyond the Koeky Moun- 
 tains." This day, with your natural eyes, 
 .\ou behold that prophesy being fulfilled. 
 
 We build these foundations and lay in 
 place this corner-stone, not for the present 
 alone, but looking down the flowing tide 
 of years we .see the coming millions and 
 we build for them as well. The demand 
 of our own day and society must be met. 
 Those who settle here want the best edu- 
 cational facilities for tlieir chfldren, at 
 their own door. 
 
 The earth will be the home of our de- 
 scendants for thousands of years after we 
 have passed away. We should do all we 
 can to make the earth most beneficial to 
 them. The literature, enlightenment and 
 comforts that we enjoy are the results of 
 the educational work of our ancestors. 
 They erected colleges and universities in 
 the past centuries, and froin them came 
 the educated and trained minds, which by 
 scientitic investigation and invention have 
 produced tiie astounding works and eivil- 
 zation of this nineteenth century. We 
 owe it to posterity to do for them as has 
 been done for us. 
 
 It becomes necessary then to educate 
 men in agriculture, so" that they may 
 know how to increase the productive 
 character of the earth and thus provide 
 for the support of the dense population 
 that is to be. 
 
 lu the Garden of Eden the command 
 wa.s given to man "to subdue the earth," 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 He caa not wilh his puny physical 
 strength subdue the earth. It can only 
 be done by his intellect. By it he has 
 been subduing the forces of the air, earth 
 and -water. And now we look upon pow- 
 ers and forces and velocities as our obedi- 
 ent servants. 
 
 The establishment of this Agricultural 
 College will give to those who shall iread 
 its halls in pursuit of knowledge that 
 power which is specially necessary to 
 solve the agricultural questions that shall 
 be presented when the (doming civilization 
 shall be here in its glory. 
 
 Those of us who labor and have labored 
 to establish the University of Southern 
 California have looked into the future and 
 seen and believed the coming future des- 
 tiny of man in this garden spot of earth. 
 
 This Chatt'ey College of Agriculture is 
 one of its branches destined to accomplish 
 its great mission for the race. In their 
 liberality they have done that which will 
 hand their names down in most grateful 
 remembrance to the latest family of man. 
 If they accomplish no more than tliis, 
 they will have done a work that is an 
 honor to a life time. 
 
 Though the tide of prosperity may ebb 
 and flow in Southern California, and 
 tliough in dark times some may say as 
 did the young man with Elisha, "Alas, 
 what shall we do," yet the friends of tliis 
 great work, looking into the faces of the 
 pleading ones of the future, will stand by 
 this work vintil success crowns its eftbrts. 
 Many of you present wield that mightier 
 power than the sword, the pen. This 
 power came to you through the colleges 
 and universities of the land. You can aid 
 in this work and repay to some extent the 
 benefits you have received. You speak 
 to the millions aud the millionaires. For- 
 ever wield your pens actively and ener- 
 getically to build up all institutions of 
 learning, that their benetits may flow down 
 the tide of time. Wealth and laurels left 
 to children too soon disappear and poverty 
 is upon them. Leave them these educa- 
 tional facilities and their children, though 
 poor, may come within these halls of 
 learning aud go forth the peer of any man 
 in intellectual strength and power. To 
 aid in accomplishing this great work, we 
 this day lay tais corner stone. 
 
 At the conclusion of the address of 
 Judge Widney, Hon. E. F. Spence, Chair- 
 man of the Board of Directors of the 
 University of Southern California, was 
 called on for a speech and spoke as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 ADDRESS OF MR. SPENCK. 
 
 Tradition informs us that It was resolved 
 in the councils of the Most High that a 
 house should be built. From* the sacred 
 writings we learn that the desire perme- 
 ated the great, the good, the far-seeing and 
 progressive mind that a house should be 
 built. Nations, peoples, states, communi- 
 ties are actuated by the same impulse. 
 The enquiring mind asks why and where- 
 fore such desire. The reply comes re- 
 sponsive from the olden time and finds a 
 lodgment in the human breast that the 
 loftiest aspiration of man is to worship 
 God. Still the unsatisfied enquirer asks, 
 why and wherefore? And still again 
 comes the reply that it is in accord with 
 our higher nature that God should be 
 worshipped according to the light shed 
 upon us by His books. The doubting yet 
 eager mind still persists and asks, what 
 are his books? We reply that a part of 
 liis books are always with us. We see 
 them in the sunshine and in the storm, 
 the ceaseless surges of our Pacific, the 
 (juiet murmur of the smallest rivulet that 
 gushes forth from the mountain brow, the 
 life and health-giving breezes that sweep 
 over our southern plains, the soil upon 
 which we stand, the sturdiest tree that 
 graces the Sierra's side, the tiniest floweret 
 that blushes upon earth's carpet, are all 
 leaves in the book of God, To-day we lay 
 the corner-stone of a house dedicated to 
 the reading and understanding of tliis 
 book. Our sincerest desire is that the 
 students who shall in the coming years; 
 occupy it may so usefully employ their 
 time that the influences of the knowledge 
 received of the earth upon which we live, 
 its capabilities and possibilities, may be^ 
 felt for good for coming generations. 
 
 Rev. M. M. Bovard, President of the 
 University of Sotithern California, then irk 
 a few well chosen remarks, 
 
 LAID THE CORNER-STONE. 
 
 The audience then joined in singing 
 "America," after which the benediction 
 
OxNTARIO. 
 
 was pronouiioed by Rev. Mr. Fariisworth, 
 of Pasadena. 
 
 Following is a list of articles deposited 
 in the corner-stone: 
 
 A copy of the Phkss and IIorticulti:- 
 KisT of :^[arch 10, IHbS, the tirst edition 
 ))rinted on the new steam power press 
 after tlie tire. 
 
 A copy of tlie resolutions adoj^jted by tlie 
 Press Association and olliers at tlie picnic 
 regarding Ontario tlie tiriii of Chattey 
 lirothers. See resolutions above. 
 
 Los Angeles Daily Times, Los Angeles 
 Daily Herald, Los Angeles Daily Express, 
 Los Angeles Daily Coirunercial. 
 
 .San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco 
 Call and Post. 
 
 Record book with names of those pres- 
 ent. 
 
 Files of Ontario Fruit Grower to date. 
 
 Christian Advocate, Sau Francisco. 
 
 Pacific Rural Press, San Francisco. 
 
 Postal Index, San Francisco. 
 
 Illustrated Herald, 1882. 
 
 Ontario Pamphlet. 
 
 Downey Signal. 
 
 Names of singers— Mrs. Louise I. Bee- 
 son, Mrs. A. E. Pomeroy, J. H. Book. 
 
 Files of University paper. 
 
 Copies of blank deeds, contracts, checks 
 and warrants used by the Trustees in 
 transacting business of the University. 
 
 Invitations to the laying of the corner 
 stone of the University'building and also 
 for this occasion. 
 
 Postal card. 
 
 Programme of Editorial Press excursion. 
 
 Ticket to Southern California Citrus Fair 
 at Riverside, 1883. 
 
 Ten-cent piece, 1875, by H. W. Buck, 
 ]Mt. Ayr, Iowa. 
 
 Three-cent stamped envelope. 
 
 Five-cent piece, L. P. McCarty. 
 
 Copper cent, A. T. Hatch, Suisun. 
 
 Badge of Pacific Coast Press Association. ' 
 
 Half-dollar, found in Virginia City In- 
 ternational Hotel after the late fire, by 
 W. H. H. Scott. 
 
 Smooth half-dollar, F. E. Little. 
 
 Mule shoe, D. Nealon, Cucamonga. 
 
 Catalogues of Southern California Uni- 
 versity entertainments up to present time. 
 
 Brief of Laura de Force Gordon on the 
 subject of allowing women to vote ^at 
 school elections. 
 
 Stanza by Madge Morris. 
 
 Map of Ontario. 
 
 Copies of the deed and contract between 
 Chaftey Brothersand the Trustees of the 
 College. 
 
 Minutes of the M. E. Church Conference. 
 
 Photograph of the Chati'ey Brothers. 
 
 A book containing the autographs of 
 about two hundred ef the persons present. 
 
 CARDS. 
 
 Daily and Weekly Tidings, Grass Val- 
 ley; W. E. Beeson, Grangers' Business 
 Association, San Francisco, by A. T. 
 Hatch; Rural Californian, Geo. Rice, edi- 
 
 tor; Geo. E. Jones, Iowa; California Pa- 
 trons, San Francisco; San Jose Pioneers,, 
 Hixson, Justi iS: Co., Hoiton House, San 
 Diego; Alfred J. Howe, Sentinel, Santa 
 Cruzf W. J. Cook, "Normal Worker,'" 
 Vacaville, Cal.; A. R. Martin, Riverside, 
 and Canadian 5-cent jiiece; Bartling &, 
 Kimball, .Siin Francisco; AV. H. Barnes,, 
 San Fra)icisco Call; W. G. Phelps, Stock- 
 ton; Joseph Winterburn, San Francisco; 
 J. R. Brooks, Denver, and silver dollar, 
 1881; badge of Santa Clara Pioneers, A. P. 
 ^Nlurgotten ; Joseph Dorretj', Prang's 
 Agent, San Francisco; W. H. Jessup, Hay- 
 wards; A. F. Hatch, "Fruit Grower;" 
 Santa Cruz Lodge, F. & A. M., by T. S. 
 Schwartz; Duncan ^NlcPherson, Santa 
 Cruz; Los Angeles Business College, C. 
 W. LaFetra; N. W. Stowell, contractor for 
 pipe in Ontario; A. Powell, Vallejo, Cal.; 
 H. S. Spaulding. 
 
 As the box was being placed in the stone, 
 Miss Madge Morris, the brilliant corre- 
 spondent of the San Jose Mercury, com- 
 posed and threw into the stone the follow- 
 ing verse: 
 
 • What is thy destiny, O corner stoue, 
 
 That we have gathered here to see laid down? 
 Will it be lost in disappointment's moan. 
 Or heralded in glory's glittering crown? 
 A thousand eyes await thy fate to see. 
 Which shall it be? 
 
 The Chaftey College of Agriculture has 
 been endowed by the Chaftey Brothers- 
 with 320 acres of land in the Ontario Col- 
 ony, located on each side of Euclid avenue, 
 to be sold for the benefit of the College. 
 They also give twenty acres of land for 
 the College and campus. The building 
 will cost $20,000. 
 
 The edifice will be brick, with concrete 
 foundation, and two and a half stories 
 high, with a central tower and dormer 
 windows. It will be a very fine looking 
 building, and a good advertisement of the 
 settlement- A fine wood cut of the build- 
 ing is published herewith. 
 
 S. P. R. R. Depot. 
 
 The railroad company has recently com- • 
 pleted for freight purposes at Ontario a 
 platform 38x150 feet, on which is erected a 
 storehouse 38x90 feet. As the S. P. R. R. 
 Co. never make useless expenditures or 
 build in advance of business, the reader 
 here has the practical business judgment 
 of the ablest and most careful bxisiness 
 men on the coast as to the future of On- 
 tario. 
 

 |\u^^>;*7;,jr% .VI V: 
 
 ■-^>«..i 
 
 
 
 /u 
 
 . iff* ;j '^ "'■" ^ -^ ■> 
 
 
 San Antonio Canyon, Seven Miles from Mouth. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 25 
 
 Chaflfey College of Agricuitxire-— Depd 
 of Trust. 
 
 We herewith reprint the deed of trust 
 for the C!hafl'ey College of .\grioulLure as 
 it WHS finally accepted by all the parties 
 in interest, some chances having been 
 made in it since printed in a former num- 
 ber. This deed, and its acceptance by the 
 Trustees and Directors, completes the 
 legal transaction. Under the articles of. 
 incorporation the Directors of the I'ui- 
 versitr are vested with final and absolute 
 power to receive and estal)lish colleges as 
 parts of the TTniversity. There is no su- 
 j)ervising or appellate jiower on the sub- 
 ject. The deed is as follows: 
 
 DKKI) OT- TKUST. 
 
 This indenture made this 8th da\- of 
 December, 1882, between (reorge r'haiTey, 
 -Tr., and W. 15. C'hattey. parties of the first 
 part, anil A. M. llongh, J. P. Widney, K. 
 V. Speuce, G. J>. Compton, C. K. White 
 and K, M. Widney, partie.s of the second 
 part, as trustees of tlie express trust here- 
 inafter .set out, and the "(^haftey College 
 of Agriculture of the University of South- 
 ern (California," at West Los Angeles, 
 ^'alifornia, which College of Agriculture 
 -aid second parties agree to cause to be 
 *-stablished and put in operation as here- 
 iMiafter more fully provided, beneficiary 
 ihercin. party of the third pari, wit- 
 piesseth : 
 
 That whereas said second j>artit?s aic 
 'vejiirous of providing and establishing 
 <:vid College of .\griculture and an Kn- 
 tlownicnt Fund for the support and main- 
 lenance thereof, the tliird party herein, 
 the yearly income from which ICndow- 
 iricnt I'^ind alone is to be used for such 
 support and maintenance, and is to be 
 j^>aid to the Regents of .said college by .said 
 .second parties as hereiafter set out. Now. 
 therefore, said first parties liereby grant 
 to sai<l second jnuties Im trust, all of the 
 .following described lots, pieces and par- 
 rels of land in }<an liernardino county, 
 state of California, and being that j)ortioii 
 of the town and villa site called "(Ontario." 
 being in sections 11>, 20, 20 and 30, township 
 ••>nc soutii, range seven west, San Uernar- 
 nardino Meridian, descr!l)ed as follows, 
 do-wit: 
 
 All the od^-numbere<l lots in the busi- 
 
 ness and residence blocks uumbored from 
 block 1 to block 59 both inclusive, ex- 
 cluding block 53— in all 384 lots. Also 
 the ten-acre lots, so called, or villa lots 
 numbered 821, 823, 825, 827, 845, 847, 849, 
 851, 870, 881, 883, 885, <Mi, 005, 007, THW, 037, 
 030, 957, 050, 987, 989, 1007, 1037, and 1039 
 — in all twenty-five lots containing about 
 250 acres of land. Also farm lots numbers 
 707 and 70S, containing twenty acres of 
 land, together with the water right for the 
 said twenty acres, as shown l>y the maps 
 and surveys of said premises; together 
 with similar water rights and water stock 
 that may now be, or may be hereafter, 
 given to any similar lots or lands in 
 Ontario, as shown by the contract with 
 the S.an Antonio Water t.'ompany, which 
 agreement is hereby made a part hereof, 
 to which reference is herebv made, re- 
 corded in Book , i>. — , of San liernar- 
 dino County Kecords. to liave and to hold 
 in trust for the following uses and pur- 
 l)oses, to-wit: 
 
 Fi)\<t, Said second parlies shall proceed 
 to sell and convey any and all of said lots 
 or parcels of land at such times and for 
 such price and on such terms of payment 
 as said second parties may deem best, save 
 and except TiOts 707 and 708, containing 
 twenty acres of land, which is and shall 
 lie reserved a^ the college site or campus 
 for said college, on which shall be located 
 and maintained the main college build- 
 ings of said College of Agriculture, unless 
 it become expedient to erect said buildings 
 on some adjacent suitable property. The 
 said site or campus may be conveyed to 
 tlie said Regents to hold iu trust for such 
 site or campus. 
 
 Necrmd, Tiie fuiuls received from the 
 sales of said lots or lands, less costs of 
 sales and expenses and improvemerit«, 
 not to i^xceed fifteen per cent, of the price 
 received, shall be and forever remain an 
 Endowment Fund, the net income from 
 which shall be for the use and support of 
 said Chaftey College of Agriculture, pro- 
 vided that from tlie sales of said property 
 a sum not to exceed -^500 may be used for 
 expenses of properl}- plticing the property 
 on the market, and from the net money 
 received $12,000, a little more or lesi?, shall 
 be used for the purpose of erectmg a 
 suitable college building on said campus, 
 
26 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 and iu furnishing the same. Said build- 
 ini? shall be of brick, and commenced and 
 completed as soon as sufficient funds are 
 on hand to pay for the same. 
 
 Third, Said second parties and their 
 successors shall invest said Endowment 
 Fund in State, county, city or national 
 interest-bearing bonds or securities, such 
 as may be safe, or said fund may in whole 
 or in part be loaned on first security on 
 real estate with good title, but such loans 
 shall not exceed forty per cent, of the ac- 
 tual cash value of the property on which 
 the loan is made. No loan shall be made 
 on any property of the beneficiary herein. 
 No part of said property herein conveyed 
 shall be mortgaged or encnmlsered while 
 belonging to or held by said second par- 
 ties. No mechanics' lien shall be valid or 
 binding against the title or interest of 
 said second parties in said land, or the 
 interest of said third party therein. 
 
 Fourth — The annual net income from 
 said Endowment Fund shall be subject to 
 the payment of warrants, in their order, 
 drawn thereon by authority of the Re- 
 gents of said college, said income to be used 
 in establishing and supporting said col- 
 lege. The outstanding warrants shall not 
 be in excess of the income for the year in 
 which they are drawn ; all others shall be 
 void. 
 
 Fifth, Said Trustees, second parties 
 herein, shall have the power to elect or 
 appoint their successors, and to fill any 
 and all vacancies occlirring in their num- 
 ber. A written appointment, signed by a 
 majority of the Trustees holding oftice at 
 the date of signing shall constitute a valid 
 appointment herein as Trustees. In case 
 of entire vacancy in said trusteeship, the 
 Southern California Conference of the M. 
 E. Church, if in session, may fill the va- 
 cancies, or if said vacancy shall not^ then 
 be filled, then any court of record may, 
 upon petition of any person, fill said va- 
 cancy. A majority of said Trustees shall 
 be members of the M. E. Church. The 
 action of a majority of said Trustees shall 
 be sufficient to make valid any contract 
 within the scope hereof, said action to be 
 in writing, signed by each ^of said major- 
 ity. After three years the office of 
 one of said Trustees shall become vacant 
 
 annually on the first Monday of June of 
 each year, so that one vacancy may be 
 filled each year, the order of vacancy to 
 occur Jin the order in which the names 
 first occur herein. Each Trustee shg,ll hold 
 ofiice for six years after appointment as 
 aforesaid. Unexpired terms shall be filled 
 only for the unexpired part thereof. 
 
 Sixth, For any misappropriation of said 
 funds, or conversion thereof, directly or 
 indirectly, by permission or gross neglect 
 or carelessness, the Trustee or Trustees 
 Ijlamable therefor shall be personally 
 responsible to repay and make good the 
 amount thereof, so that said fund may 
 never be diminished, and so that the 
 income thereof may be used as herein 
 stated. 
 
 Seventh, Said Trustees, second parties 
 herein, shall annually appoint five inem- 
 bers of a Board of Regents, consisting of 
 eleven persons. The other six of said 
 Board of Regents shall be annually ap- 
 pointed by tlie Board of Directors of the 
 University of Southern California afore- 
 said from their number. Said Regents 
 shall hold oflice for one year and until 
 their successors enter upon the discharge 
 of their duties. Said Board of Regents 
 shall have full power to manage and con- 
 trol the educational interests of said col- 
 lege, except as otlierwise herein provided. 
 The compensation of the President of 
 the Faculty shall be not less than 10 
 per cent, on the first $1000 net incomej 
 and 8 per cent, if $2000 be the net income, 
 and C) per cent, if $3000 be the net income ; 
 when the net income is J4000 or over no^ 
 less than 5 per cent, thereof shall be such 
 compensation of said President, on the 
 annual income. 
 
 Eighth, Said Regents of said college 
 shall have no power to contract or incur 
 any debts for or on behalf of said college, 
 nor to make or cause any lien or incum- 
 brance on any of the jjroperty thereof. 
 They shall have the right of inspection 
 into the accounts, books and records of 
 said Trustees, and into the condition of 
 said Endowment Fund and its securities, 
 and the income thereof, and on behalf of 
 said third party, may maintain any action 
 necessary to preserve said fund as herein 
 designed against said Trustees, or either 
 of them, for any misappropriation or con- 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 27 
 
 version of said tund or any part thereof, or 
 to prevent any such misappropriation or 
 conversion, or to prevent any act that 
 would so result. Any one or more of said 
 Trustees, or any one or more of the Direc- 
 tors of tJie University of Southern Cali- 
 fornia aforesaid, may in like manner 
 inspect said accounts of said Trustees, or 
 maintain any action necessary for the pur- 
 pose of preseiving and protecting said 
 fund and the income tliereof for the use 
 and purposes herein intended. 
 
 Ninth, Said Trustees shall not receive 
 as compensation for their services to ex- 
 ceed 5 per cent, of tlio annual income re- 
 ceived. All expenses 'are to be kept down 
 to the lowest reasonable amount. 
 
 'Tenth,' The University of Southern Cali- 
 fornia shall by proper resolutions accept 
 said college as "The Chafltey College of 
 Agriculture of the University of Southern 
 California" aforesaid, and shall have sole 
 power to confer any and all degrees upon' 
 the graduates of said college and all its 
 departments. It shall also establish the 
 regular college course of study. The 
 President of said University shall be de 
 facto President of the Faculty of said Col- 
 lege. 
 
 Eleventh, The College building herein- 
 before referred to shall cost not less than 
 -$10,000, and the furnishing not to exceed 
 12000; provided, however, that either of 
 said amounts may be increased from 
 funds not belonging to said Endowment 
 Fund. 
 
 [seal] Geo. Chaffey, Jr., 
 
 [seal] W. B. Chaffey, 
 
 By his attorney in fact, 
 [seal] Geo. Chaffey, Jr. 
 
 Witness, R. M. Widney.J 
 
 The undersigned, as Trustees, party of 
 of the second part in and to the foregoing 
 deed of trust, hereby accept the trust and 
 enter upon the discharge of the same. 
 
 December 22, 1882. 
 
 A. M. Hough, 
 J. P. Widney, 
 C. E. White, 
 E. F. Spence, 
 
 G. D. COMPTON, 
 
 R. M. Widney. 
 The University of Southern California 
 hereby accepts the College herein provided 
 for as the "Chaffey College of Agricul- 
 
 ture" of the "University of Southern Cali- 
 fornia," at West Los Angeles, California, 
 on the terms and conditions set out in the 
 foregoing deed of trust. 
 
 In Avitness whereof, by resolution duly 
 made, it has authorized its President and 
 Secretary to sign hereto the corporate 
 name and to affix their private seals, the 
 corporation having adopted no seal. 
 
 December 22, 1882. 
 [seal] The University of Southern Cali- 
 fornia. 
 [seal] E. F. Spence, President, 
 
 [seal] John B. Green, Secretary.. 
 
 The Board of Regents are Rev. J. B. 
 Green, Rev. R. W. C. Farnsworth, Rev. 
 Chas. Shelling, E. F. Spence, S. C. Hub- 
 bell, Hon. P. M. Green, Mr. L. S. Dyar, 
 Mr. Geo. Chaffey, Jr., Mr. W. B. Chaffey, 
 Rev. H.Sinsabaugh, D. D., President; Rev. 
 S. J. Fleming, Secretary. 
 
 Questions Answered. 
 
 By K. M. Wiilney. 
 
 The residents of this part of the State 
 are constantly pressed with various ques- 
 tions in form of letters from persons in 
 other parts of the world. To answer 
 these and many others, we will give iii 
 short paragraphs answers to such ques- 
 tions, omitting the questions. 
 
 CLIMATE. • 
 
 In temperature, the extreme cold is a 
 light white frost with a formation of ice 
 about one-fourth to one-half inch thick in 
 exposed, low, damp places. This cold is. 
 reached only on two or three nights ini 
 November or December; and again fox" 
 two or three nights each in February and 
 April. 
 
 Extreme cases occur in occasional years 
 wlien the frost may be classed as a toler- 
 ably heavy frost. There are many clioice, 
 protected localities where frost never fall. 
 
 The strong and healthy never feel the- 
 need of a fire, summer or winter. Those 
 in fair health prefer fire in the the winter- 
 evenings and on cold days. But in such, 
 cases the fire is a very moderate one. 
 
 Those who are sick will require more or 
 less fire from December to May. 
 
 In the summer season the heat is such 
 that nearly all persons wear light woolen 
 
m.T 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 29 
 
 garments. There is really no ♦mervating 
 heat here. 
 
 From April to Novenit^er, <lry, 8oft, 
 balmy, clear weather, with a cooling, 
 invigorating breeze from the ocean, soft 
 as eider down. There are about four or 
 five spells e-Mih year, rolled "hot .spells," 
 of three days each, wliich, in some cases 
 reach six days. .A.t such times the air is 
 hot and dry, the thermometer in the 
 shade reaching StG degrees each day from 
 about 11 .4k. M.to3 I'. M. These are fol- 
 lowed by moist, refreshing cuirenis of air. 
 
 )5ArNS. 
 
 Rains, commence to fall here in Novem- 
 ber — consisting of one or two days rain. 
 Then, usually, clear weather until about 
 December tiOlh; tiien rains in .spells of one 
 to live days, alternating with cJear days, 
 until January lath. Then short rain spells 
 of from a few hours to a day until in 
 March. Showers of rain on occasional 
 days during March and April. 
 
 There are years called dry years, occur- 
 ring once in about live j'ears, with two dry 
 years in succession, occurring once in ten 
 to twenty years. 
 
 In these years the winter raiiifall is 
 from seven to ten inches. In good yeans 
 the rainfall is about sixteen inches. A 
 fall of twelve inches will give good crops. 
 
 Since tJie country has been cultivated 
 the rainfall has perceptibly increase^!, and 
 there is a fair prospect that the dry ye^irs 
 will almost entirely disappear. 
 
 Los Angeles county has a. frontage on 
 the Pacific Ocean of nearly a hundred 
 miles. On any part of this coast line small 
 boats and lighters c^n land passengers or 
 freight. The breakers reach a height gen- 
 erally of about ii to 3 feet at low tide, and 
 4 to 6 feet at high tide. 
 
 No severe coast storms ever appear. In 
 the last thirteen years only one or two 
 small schooners have been driven on to 
 the shore by winds, and no vessel has 
 ^ ever been sunk by a storm on the Los 
 Angeles frontage. This ocean frontage is 
 marked by an inland curved hne bearing 
 from N. W. to S. E. 
 
 The water in running streauis is soft 
 water from the rain and sncw fall on the 
 
 mountains. Some wtvUs reach hard water, 
 some reach soft wat«r. 
 
 The cost -of sinking a well, including 
 7-inch pipe, is (when not in stones) $1 .5ti 
 per foot for the first 100 feet; after that, 50 
 c^nts per^foot exti-a is added to each new 
 run of 50 feet. 
 
 In the r^os .Angelos \ alley there art^ 
 about 300,000 acres of land, of a rich, sjindy 
 loam, where the water is from 5 to Iti fee^ 
 irom the surface. B3'^ cultivating the soil 
 —keeping it free from weeds — the moisture 
 will remain all the year within two inches 
 of the surface. 
 
 All deciduous fruits do remarkably well 
 <>u this class of laud without irrigatimi. 
 This land really needs no irrigation for all 
 ordinary purposes, .\rtesian water is had 
 on this land at a depth of 60 to 100 feel. 
 
 TJie next grade of land is rolling and 
 table land, with the surface above the 
 water le\ el from 12 to 30 feet. This land 
 is a Avarm. rich, sandy soil, free from all 
 drawbacks except the occasional frosts. 
 On it grow in tropical vigor the orange, 
 lemon, lime and other citrus fruits. 
 
 The foothills embrace an area of some 
 300,000 acres. On this the surlace is from 
 50 to 200 feet above water. With irriga- 
 tion from the mountain streams it is the 
 highest-priced land in the county. 
 
 Water right for irrigation is worth 
 about $20 per acre on the first class of 
 lands above described. On the second 
 class of lands the water right is worth 
 about $.50 per acre; while on the third 
 class of lands a water right is worth from 
 $;75 to filOO per acre. This is owing to the 
 fact that the first class of lands need \eYj 
 little irrigation. The second class, by 
 reason of frost, is somewhat limited in its 
 products; while on the third class of 
 lands, with water to irrigate, the yield of 
 fruits is superior in quality. 
 
 The cost of rough lumber here is $27 50 
 I>er M; rustic, $45 per M; other lumber at 
 corresponding rates. Hardware and all 
 merchandise rate at San Francisco prices: 
 these prices are the same as Eastern prices 
 witti freight here added. 
 
 Cost of living is very litUe different 
 from prices ruling in the Northern States. 
 The family cost for good, healthy food, 
 including fruits and vegetables, per 
 
30 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 'grown person, cost of cooking, etc., is 
 •about }!i> per week. By addition of luxu- 
 ries this cost can be increased to any ex- 
 -tent. 
 
 House rent is at the rate of about $4ppr 
 room for neat, hard finished, plain dwell- 
 ings. More expensive and stylisli houses 
 -and grounds rent at higher rates. 
 
 Tlie cost of building neat, plain houses 
 is about $200 per room of 9x12 feet, and 
 about $250 per room of 12x14. Much 
 eheai^er houses can be erected, but they 
 are classed as temioorary dwellings, de- 
 signed for future use as out-buildings. 
 
 Crood horses cost an average price of $50 
 for weights of less than 900 pounds. 
 Horses weighing from 900 to 1100 pounds, 
 •cost fix)m $75 to $150 or $200. These are 
 common laboring animals. Fancy stock 
 costs more. 
 
 Good cows cost from $40 to $50; blooded 
 dairj^ stock from $75 to $100; sheep cost 
 from $2 to $3; hogs at 5 cents per pound. 
 
 All fruits sell at very profitable prices 
 for the producer. 
 
 The result of careful, judicious cultiva- 
 tion of agricultural or horticultural pro- 
 ducts is iirofltable, some products yielding 
 a profit of $50 per acre. The small profit 
 is from grain crops; tlie large profit ;is 
 from fruit crops. 
 
 In fruits one man can j^rotitably culti- 
 vate and market twenty acres of land, 
 leaving sufficient time to proi>ei-ly care for 
 poultry and animals needed to use up ordi- 
 nary fallings about the place. 
 
 All deciduous fruits, nuts and berries, 
 and all seirii-tropical fruits, do well here. 
 
 Farm help receives from $20 to $30 per 
 month and board. Extra competent and 
 careful men, wno can do good, reliable 
 work without haying to be watched, can 
 generally' command from $30 to $40 per 
 month. In a few words, all men are paid 
 just about what they really earn. 
 
 This country is of such a chai-acter that 
 each twenty-acre tract of our lands fit for 
 cultivation, b3'- proper cultivation and a 
 capital of say $2000 to $3000, invested in 
 improvements, will support and educate 
 a family — not in extravagance, Init with 
 the comforts and necessaries of life. 
 
 Those who possess a capital of from 
 f 3000 up will do best here. All others will 
 have as good a chance here as elsewhere. 
 
 except thosS "who want public lands t() 
 settle on. Vast liumbers of men came 
 here with no capital who to-day are worth 
 from $4,000 to |50,000; but they were men 
 who were not afraid to work hard, early 
 and late — who lived within their income 
 and saved annually. For such there 1h 
 still room. 
 
 In a commercial point of view, Los An- 
 geles is probably second to none on this 
 coast. All products here command 8an 
 Francisco prices in the streets of Los 
 Angeles. 
 
 A glance at the lines of transportation 
 will show that this will probably lie i>er- 
 manent. 
 
 The harbor of Wilmington, on the coast 
 of this county, twenty-one miles by rail- 
 road from this city, furnishes facilities for 
 shii^ping to all parts of the world. 
 
 Five lines of railroad radiate from Los 
 Angeles C'it3\ One west, IG miles, to Santa 
 Monica harbor; one south, to Wilmington 
 harbor; one southeast, 30 miles, to Orange; 
 one east, through the vast mineral regions 
 of Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado, 
 connecting with the Southern railroads of 
 the United States. 
 
 These lines in Los Angeles county run 
 through the richest and most fertile land 
 in the county. They bring produce to 
 the city, and from there distribute it over 
 the whole United States by railroad. Over 
 the ocean sails any of our produce fgr 
 which a foreign market makes a demand. 
 Yearly cargoes of gram are transported to 
 England and Europe. 
 
 All the religious denominations are well 
 represented here, and either have or are 
 securing suitable places for worship. 
 
 In educational matters there is a thor- 
 ough sj'stem of graded public schools, 
 culminating in a graded High School in 
 this city. Tliese schools are in constant 
 and efficient oi>e ration. 
 
 The State appropriated $50,000 with 
 which to erect a branch State Normal 
 School in this place, which is now c6m- 
 pletedand school in operation. 
 
 The University of Southern California 
 has recently been started here. It is under 
 the general care of the M. E. Conference, 
 but it is undenominational and unsectarian 
 in its instruction. Its object is to give a 
 thorough intellectual, moral and phj'sical 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 training to students of both sexes. The 
 general doctrines of the Bible are incul- 
 cated as the sure and firm foundation of a 
 moral cliaracter; but the dogmas and isms 
 of denominations ai'e treated as non- 
 essential, and as being modes and forms, 
 and not as principles. 
 
 Vineyards. 
 
 It may interest some to know something 
 of the cost, as also the profits. Assuming 
 that the land has been bought, starting 
 with one-year-old vines, the total exjien- 
 ses for the first j^ear would be per aci'e: 
 
 680 roots 1 year oUl. 2 cents each $13 60 
 
 Plaiitiug aiid care of same 30 00 
 
 Water for same 3 50 
 
 Staking and incidentals 10 00 
 
 Total $57 10 
 
 ijabor and water, second year 25 00 
 
 Returns after two years: 
 
 Third year, ,TO boxes per acre, at $1.G0 $ 80 00 
 
 Fourth" year, 150 boxes 210 00 
 
 Fifth year, 200 boxes 3<;0 00 
 
 Sixth "year, 250 boxes 400 00 
 
 Total $1,040 00 
 
 Thus in less than six years the balance 
 sheet in oi'dinary circumstances would 
 stand : 
 
 First year's expenses $ 57 10 
 
 Five years, $2i) per acre per year 125 00 
 
 Trays, sweat-boxes, etc 88 00 
 
 Expenses of picking, packing, etc SiiO 00 
 
 Total •• $(i60 10 
 
 Sale of raisins, six years $1,040. 00 
 
 Total expenses, six years 660 10 
 
 Net profit, six years $379 90 
 
 The demand for the raisin is increasing 
 in tlie United States and Canada much 
 more rapidly than its production. In one 
 {(frm or another it is coming into daily use 
 of some sixty millions of people. The 
 grapes from whicli it can best be made 
 grow successfully only within a limited 
 area of the State of California. Therefore 
 the varieties adapted to the puriiose, the 
 methods of cultivation and manufacture, 
 are certainly worthy of the closest study 
 and investigation by the people of those 
 localities. It is only Ijj' these, accompa- 
 'nied by intelligent and tboroughly con- 
 ducted experiments that the best results 
 may be obtained, with the greatest cer- 
 tainty and at the least expense. Much 
 has been written in regard to this impor- 
 tant industry', but much more will be nec- 
 essary before it can be said that all the 
 
 principles that govern the planting, culti- 
 vation and pruning of the raisin grape 
 are thoroughly understood and practiced 
 by our people. 
 
 LOCALITIES AXD SOILS BEST ADAPTED TO 
 RAISIN VINEYARDS. 
 
 Raisins of the first class can only be 
 made from first-class grapes, and in local- 
 ities wliere the high temperature and dry 
 atmosphere will admit of their curing rap- 
 idly without the aid of artificial heat. To 
 secure these advantages you must com- 
 bine all the essentials of locality-, soil and 
 cultivation. It has been frequently said 
 that "3^ou can grow the raisin grape upon 
 this coast from San Diego to Mt. Shasta," 
 carrying the impression that a good raisin 
 can be made wherever j'ou can grow the 
 grape. Experience is fast showing, and 
 to the regret of many planters, that Mus- 
 cat grapes for raisins can not be grown 
 successfully in all localities with the wine 
 grape, and that when grown the croi^ is 
 frequently injured by rain and heavy fogs 
 at the period of diying. The Muscat of 
 Alexandria, from which our raisins are 
 made, is a native of Northern Africa. It 
 thrives best in a warm, dry climate, and 
 in a rich, warm, well-drained soil. It is 
 peculiarly sensitive to mildew and blight 
 from a damp, cold atmosphere, especially 
 'at the period of blooming. When this 
 occurs the berries as a rule fail to set; and 
 Mdien fr#qnent showers and heavy fogs 
 occur during the period of ripening the 
 fruit is liable to mildew and decay. It is 
 due principally to this excessive humidity 
 of the atmosphere that it can not be groAvn 
 in the southern portion of the United 
 States. It is also true that this grape has 
 succeeded fairly along the foothills bor- 
 dering the coast, and upon low moist land 
 in the interior valleys, but since 1876 we 
 have had very dry seasons, especialh' in 
 Southern California. Should a cycle of 
 wet seasons occur, it will be found that 
 mildew and rot will seriously damage if 
 not totalh' destroy the crop of fruit in 
 these localities. After the grajie is grown 
 it is verj' necessaiy, both on the score of 
 economy in diying, and for the purpose 
 of securing the best flavored raisin, to 
 have as dry a climate as possible in which 
 
fSi 
 
 K 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 33 
 
 to cure the grape. A shower or two if fol- 
 lowed by drying weather will not injure 
 the quality, though it may injure the ap- 
 pearance of the raisin; but when the 
 showers are followed by close, muggy 
 weather there is certainty of the destruc- 
 tion of the crop by mold and decay. 
 For these reasons the interior valleys of 
 Southern California are the best locations, 
 and the warm rich clay or gravelly loams, 
 well drained, are the best soils. Eastern, 
 southern and western exposures are the 
 best, though as far south as Riverside a 
 northern exposure will answer, but it will 
 retard the ripening o^ the grape, which 
 for raisin-making is a disadvantage. 
 
 IRRIGATION AND CULTIVATION. 
 
 Where irx-igation is necessary with bear- 
 ing vines, a thorough saturation of the 
 soil before the buds start, and one when 
 the fruit is about half-grown, are consid- 
 ered sufficient in the South of Europe and 
 in Algiers to mature a good crop of grapes. 
 More frequent irrigations than these pro- 
 duce a greater luxuriance of vine growth 
 and what is known here as a second crop, 
 which is secured at the material injury of 
 the first, as well as the ultimate and seri- 
 oiis injury of the vinej-ard. If we reflect 
 upon the tons of vines that are produced 
 each year upon the vineyards of River- 
 side and carted otf and burned, the greater 
 portion of which is unnecessarj^ in per- 
 fecting a fair and profitable crop of fruit, 
 we cannot fail to realize the immense drain 
 upon the resources of the soil and its rapid 
 depletion of the elements required for 
 healthy, vigorous vines. 
 
 The Spanish raisin-maker Is satisfied 
 with a production of two to five pounds 
 of grapes per vine, and finds a profit in 
 his work. Is it not better to secure here 
 a uniform crop of 20 to 25 pounds of first- 
 class grapes that will ripen two weeks 
 earlier than under our j)resent system, 
 that will not exhaust the soil as rapidlj', 
 and that will pay as well, if not better. 
 One cultivator this season experimented 
 with 190 vines, gave but two irrigations as 
 described above, and abstained from sum- 
 mer pruning with the corn knife, and ob- 
 tained more grapes without any second 
 crop, but with larger and better clusters 
 than under the other system. 
 
 The cultivation consists of one thorough 
 plowing during the winter months, or at 
 any time before the buds start, and as 
 frequent cultivation thereafter as may be 
 needed to keep the ground light and mel- 
 low and free from weeds. 
 
 It will be found beneficial to continue 
 this cultivation until the grapes begin to 
 ripen. 
 
 Ontario Picture. 
 
 The adjacent mountain ranges, which 
 diversify the face of the country, tower 
 above the snow line, and are crowned 
 with the pure snow of the north lands. 
 The sharp, keen air .and picturesque 
 trails, with romantic groves, grottoes, 
 streams, and waterfalls, invite the more 
 robust to climb into the pine forests that 
 clothe the mountain's brow. From this 
 loneh' grandeur look, and look over the 
 foothills, over the mesas, over the valleys, 
 oyer the silver streams, and plains dotted 
 Avith cities, villages, farms, and homes, 
 on, on to the ocean, and on oyer the sea of 
 silvery glass far away to the islands floating 
 on the bosom of the quiet sea like mon- 
 sters of the deep, and then on and on and 
 back again over the green plains, seeking 
 out the beauties of the loveliest i^anorama 
 that human eye has ever gazed upon. 
 Look upon it, study it, drink it in, com- 
 pare it ivith everything you have ever 
 seen, compare it to nothing you have ever 
 seen. Behold it again and again until 
 with awe and enthusiasm you exclaim, 
 "Surely this is the paradise for man!" 
 On the swift Avings of sight travel the 
 pictured land and sea o'er and o'er, and 
 with tired joy you sigh, "I am satisfied.''- 
 
 Prices of Land. 
 
 Town lots at Ontario are now selling at 
 §125 per lot for corner lots, and §100 per 
 lot for inside lots. Villa lots inside the 
 town plot |250 per acre, and other lands in 
 tract at from §150 to $200 per acre. Ad- 
 dress Chaffey Brothers, Ontario, Cal., or 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 We believe — no panic or calamity inter- 
 posing — that in the next ten years it will 
 be A'ery ditflcult to buy any desirable 
 lands with water, suitable for orange or 
 raisin growing in Southern California, for 
 less than §1000 per acre. 
 
34 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 THE ORANGE. 
 
 Citrus Fruit Culture in California. 
 
 By L. BI. Holt, late Secretary of the Southern Cali- 
 fornia Horticultural Society, and Editor of the 
 Kiverside Puess and Horticulturist. 
 
 The American people, as a rule, before 
 entering upon any business enterprise ask 
 the question- 
 First— Will it pay? 
 
 And after arriving at an affirmative 
 answer, tliey ask- 
 Second— How can the business be con- 
 ducted so as to make it pay best? 
 
 Under the head of citrus fruits are classed 
 the orange, lenion and lime. Whatever 
 may be said regarding location and culti- 
 vation of the orange, will usually apply 
 with equal force to the lemon and lime, 
 except that as the lemon is tenderer than 
 the orange, the latter will not stand so low 
 a degree of temperature as the former. 
 
 The orange was introduced into Califor- 
 nia by the mission padres manj^ years 
 before the occupation of the countiy by 
 Americans. They planted only a few 
 trees, however, around the missions estab- 
 lished by them in the southern portionsof 
 the State. 
 
 About forty years ago Wm. Wolfskill 
 
 planted the large orchard of twenty acres 
 
 in Los Angeles city, now extensively 
 
 AnoAVu as the Wolfskill orchard. This 
 
 / prejperty is now rnanaged by his son, J. 
 
 \ W. Wolfskill, under whose coittrol it has 
 
 •'. the reputation of being one of the best 
 
 . cared lor orchards in the State. 
 
 At a little later date L. J. Kose and the 
 ilate B. D. Wilson, of San Gabriel, planted 
 orange groves, which have since become 
 famous. Prior to the planting of these 
 orchards it was known that Los Angeles 
 svould successfully grow the orange, but 
 a)eyond the limits of that city everything 
 was considered to a great extent experi- 
 mental. The Rose and Wilson orchards 
 soon brought to the front the reputation of 
 San (iabriel oranges, and liOs Angeles 
 fruit took a secondary position in public 
 ^estimation. 
 
 In the meantime experimenlal trees and 
 orchards wore planted m various parts of 
 the Southern counties, which wei-e more 
 or less successful, according to the judg- 
 ment used by the owners in securing 
 
 favorable locations and giving thbm proper 
 cultivation. John Wolfskill planted quite 
 an orchard in Solano county', and General 
 G. M. Vallejo planted a small orchard in 
 the Sonoma Valley, and in this way the 
 seed of this industry was carried to Cen- 
 tral California. 
 
 About twenty-five years ago Anson Van 
 Leuven and others planted orange groves 
 at Old San Bernardino, and the superior- 
 ity of their fruit marked this locality as a 
 favorite one for orange culture. 
 
 It was not until about the year 1870 that 
 the orange fever spread in Southern Cali- 
 fornia, About this time semi-tropical 
 fruit nurseries were established, and 
 young orange, lemon and lime trees were 
 raised by the thousands. The San Fran- 
 cisco market was taking the fruits of the 
 few orange groves already in bearing at 
 prices whicli attracted public attention. 
 From $1000 per acre and upwards was be- 
 ing realized for the Wolfskill orange crop, 
 and the production of oranges on this 
 coast could not begin to supply the lim- 
 ited demand. 
 
 Upon the establishment of orange nur- 
 series at Los Angeles and elsewhere, a 
 more careful study of citrus fruit culture 
 was commenced. Budding and grafting 
 was resorted to to proiiagaie the better va- 
 rieties. Importations of the best varieties 
 of oranges and lemons were made from 
 foreign countries. The Navel was intro- 
 duced to Los Angeles county from Aus- 
 tralia, and has since become known as the 
 Australian Navel. Another importation 
 of the Navel was made to Rivorsidy by L. 
 C. Tibbetts from the Agricultural Depart- 
 ment at Washington, which has been 
 known as the Riverside or Washington 
 Navel. These trees were imported fi-oin 
 Bahia, Brazil, the home of the Navel, J\y 
 the Agricultural Department. 
 
 Importions were also made from Riv- 
 ers, of England, and Elhvanger & Barry, 
 of Rochester, N. Y., and from Florida. 
 Trees were also imj^orted from Italy, China 
 and other countries. By means of bud- 
 ding the nurserj-men were soon able to 
 place thousands of these choice varieties 
 on the market at very remunerative 
 prices. 
 
 Young orchards began to spring up all 
 over the country. Men were led to be- 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 35 
 
 Jieve that the "royal road to fortune" lay 
 througli an orange grove; that all that 
 was necessary was to buy a piece of land, 
 almost anj'where, buy from 1000 to 5000 
 trees at from ^1 to $5 apiece, plant them, 
 take care of them, and at the end of four 
 years the income would pay for the entire 
 investment, and leave the owner a prop- 
 erly worth from $3000 to $5000 per acre. 
 
 To clinch this argument, the would-be 
 orchardist was pointed to instances where 
 men had successfully traveled this road. 
 
 At that time, 1870, much of this work 
 was experimental, and many expensive 
 experiments were ti-ied. It was thought 
 that there were fortunes in almonds and 
 English walnuts, and many invested ac- 
 cordingly, only to be disappointed. A 
 few locations successfully raised the Eng- 
 lish walnuts, and still fewer locations 
 made the almond a pajing investment. 
 
 Everybody' went to raising orange trees, 
 and the high price of the trees induced 
 men to place everything in the shape of a 
 tree on tlie market, whether it were good, 
 "bad or indifterent, and many of the latter 
 class of trees found their way into orch- 
 ards. Where thousands of trees were 
 planted, but hundreds came into success- 
 ful bearing and met the expectations of 
 the owners. 
 
 THE ORANCiE BELT. 
 
 There are three things it is necessary to 
 consider in locating a piece of land on 
 which to plant an orange orchard. 
 
 First — Water. 
 
 Second— The lowest temperature of win- 
 ter must not be below 22 degrees above 
 zero. 
 
 Third — The summer must have a pre- 
 vailing dry atmosi)here, and a tempera- 
 ture that has a maximum daily range of 
 from 80 to 100 degrees above zero. 
 
 The question of water supply is an im- 
 perative one. It is not my intention at 
 the present time to discuss the question 
 of irrigation; that subject will receive at- 
 tention hereafter. Some claim that ti-ees 
 should be irrigated eveiy five or six weeks 
 during summer; otiiez's claim tliat two or 
 three irrigations are sufficient, and still 
 others belong to Dr. Cougar's school of 
 horticulturists, who believe that in many 
 localities no irrigation is necessary. These 
 
 theories will be discussed at the proper 
 time; but whichever one is adopted, it is 
 an absolute necessity to ^liave water for 
 use in case of emergency, in planting 
 trees and getting them started, for extraor- 
 dinary dry years, and for general use, 
 
 TEMPERATURE. 
 
 It is not sufficient that the average low- 
 est temperature of a locality shall be suffi- 
 ciently high; the average may be higher 
 than the average of the most successful 
 orange country in the world, and yet if 
 the extreme lowest temperature of winter 
 is below 22 degrees above zero it is almost 
 fatal; and the less the temperature gets 
 below freezing point the less damage there 
 will be to young trees. 
 
 On the 30th of December, 1880, the cold 
 wave which swept over Florida sent the 
 mercury in many places down to 18 de- 
 grees above zero. The result was that 
 many bearing orange orchards shed not 
 only their leaves, but al^ the entire crop 
 of fruit. 
 
 It will require much experience and the 
 loss of much money and labor to ascer- 
 tain the extent of conntry in which the 
 orange can be successfully raised; and 
 when this fact is once ascertained, and 
 the map of California is marked off with 
 isothermal lines whicli shall designate the 
 boundaries of these localities within which 
 the oranges can be grown, it will be found 
 that inner lines must be drawn to mark 
 the country that will successfully grow 
 the lemon, and that the area that will grow 
 the lemon will be much more circum- 
 scribed than that which will grow the 
 orange. 
 
 CLIMATIC LIMITS OF THE ORANGE. 
 
 When a self-registering thermometer on 
 a cold morning shows that the mercury 
 has been down to 23 degrees above zero, 
 the orchardist must expect to find all his 
 younger lime trees in orchard killed to the 
 ground. An orchard of large bearing 
 lime trees will be badly killed, but many 
 of tlie larger main branches will still be 
 alive ready to put forth a new top when 
 warm weather conies again. The bearing 
 lemon trees will be but little hurt, although 
 the smaller twigs maj' be cut back some, 
 and if the tree is in blooni or has its fruit 
 buds well developed the fruit crop for the 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 coming year will probably be lost, except 
 anew crop of buds are put forth, which 
 is frequently the case. Half-grown lemon 
 trees will be badly killed in proportion to 
 size, age, previous condition, etc., while 
 the smaller trees will be dead beyond 
 resurrection. Bearing orange trees will 
 not be hurt, and except the freeze comes 
 very late in the spring no damage will 
 result to the crop; small orchard trees 
 will be hurt but little, and only the very 
 smallest trees will be killed, if on orange 
 root; orange trees on lime, lemon, and 
 China lemon roots are nearly as tender as 
 the stock on which they grow. An orange 
 tree on lime root will suffer nearly as 
 much from the frost as the lime tree of the 
 same size would have suffered. The same 
 is true of the orange on lemon or China 
 lemon. If it is a fact, as some claim, that 
 the root does not affect the fruit of the 
 bud, this one fact alone should condemn 
 the lime, lemort and China lemon roots as 
 stocks for budding the orange, except the 
 trees are to be planted in a locality enjoy- 
 ing an almost entire immunity from 
 severe frost. 
 
 The question of lemon on orange root is 
 not so definitely settled, so far as injury 
 from frost is concerned; but if there be 
 any effect at all it would be for the better. 
 But the only question in this connection 
 is not how much cold will a tree live 
 through. Cold weather affects the quality 
 of the fruit. It causes a thick rind, a lack 
 of juice, and in the lemon a lack of citric 
 acid. Many localities will grow both the 
 orange and the lemon tree if protected 
 during the winter until they become quite 
 large,°.and yet the fruit is of an inferior 
 quality. 
 
 Very warm weather is absolutely essen- 
 tial to the raising of a good orange or 
 lemon; the more warm weather a climate 
 has the better will be the fruit. Hence a 
 climate to produce citrus fruits in perfec- 
 tion, must not only not have an extreme 
 low temperature below a certain point, 
 but it must have a high average tempera- 
 ture also. 
 
 The climate of the State of California is 
 warmer in the interior than on the coast; 
 hence we find Riverside (San Bernardino) 
 oranges quoted in the San Francisco 
 
 market from $5 to $10 per thousand higher 
 than the Los Angeles oranges. 
 
 A DKY WARM ATMOSPHERE NECESSARY. 
 
 But the third thing necessary to a good 
 location must not be lost sight of. The 
 common brown scale and the black dust 
 or fungus flourish in a cool, moist atmos- 
 phere, and can not be found in localities 
 where a certain degree of dryness and 
 heat prevail. The entire coast line from 
 Oregon to Mexico, is visited very regu- 
 larly by heavy fogs during the entire 
 summer season. The fogs are less dense, 
 and less frequent south of Point Concep- 
 tion than along the upper coast, and they 
 diminish in frequency from that point 
 southward. San Diego has less fogs than 
 the Los Angeles coast, and the Los Ange- 
 les coast has less fogs than Santa Bar- 
 bara. These fogs sweep inland from the 
 ocean, but usually disappear a few miles 
 back from the coast. The further inland 
 one goes the less fogs he will find and the 
 more warm weather. 
 
 The orange and lemon trees along the 
 coast, and back for a few miles, are almost 
 uniyei'sally afflicted with both the com- 
 mon scale and the black fungus. The 
 exceptions to this rule are rare. The fur- 
 ther one goes toward the interior the less 
 of those pests are to be found and the 
 more clean trees. 
 
 At San Diego they have the scale and 
 black dust but little, even on the coast, 
 and back ten or fifteen miles it entirely 
 disappears. 
 
 In Los Angeles county the coast yalley 
 is afflicted back to the range of hills, a 
 distance of over twenty miles in some 
 places. Back of this range of hills lies 
 the San Gabriel valley, in which are 
 located San Gabriel, Pasadena, Duarte 
 and Azusa. This valley has less of the 
 common scale than the coast valley, and 
 yet many of the older orchards show a 
 blackened foliage and fruit caused by 
 black dust. The higher portions of this 
 valley present trees with a cleaner ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Still farther eastward is another large 
 inland valley fifty miles long east and 
 west by twentj^-five miles wide north and 
 south. In this valley are located Pomona, 
 Cucamonga, San Bernardino, Riverside, 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 7 
 
 and other to\vn.-5 and settlements. In this 
 large valley the atmospliere is so dry and 
 warm in summer that the scale will not 
 be found on one tree in a hundred, and 
 the black fungus is unknown. 
 
 [Ontario is also located in this A'allcy, 
 four miles west of Cucamonga.] 
 
 Prof. J. H. Comstock, of the Agricultural 
 Department, in 1S80 visited the Pacific 
 Coast to study insects injurious and bene- 
 ficial to citrus fruits. He spent two or 
 three months in Southern California, visit- 
 ing various localities in pursuit of knowl- 
 edge. While in Riverside he said to the 
 writer: " I admire the valloj- and the beau- 
 tiful clean orange groves; but I cannot re- 
 main here long, as a thorough examina- 
 tion of several orchards has convinced 
 me that there are no insects hei'e to em- 
 ploy' my attention. I have traveled all 
 through Florida and many parts of Cali- 
 fornia; and this is the only valley I have 
 found in the United States where the or- 
 ange will grow without tlie scale. The 
 trees here are marvelously clean, and the 
 people here are to be congratulated." 
 
 This testimony is valuable because of its 
 source. Prof. Comstock will find, how- 
 ever, that in traveling up and down the 
 coast he will find a belt of country back 
 from the coast where the scale will not 
 grow. Within this belt, other things being- 
 equal, the choice oranges and lemons of 
 the future will be grown. 
 
 In answering the (xuestion "Will it pay 
 to grow the orange?" this question of loca- 
 tion is an important one. It is a verj^ seri- 
 ous question whether it will pay to plant 
 orange orchards seriously atiected with 
 the scale. It is true that good cultivation 
 will to a certain extent overcome the 
 eilects of the black fungus, as has been 
 demonstrated by Mr. Woifskill in his cele- 
 brated orchard, but as yet no process or 
 management will overcome its evil ettects. 
 The safest course to be pursued is to seek 
 a location that is free from both the scale 
 and the fungus before commencing the 
 work of planting an orchard. Such a lo- 
 cation can easily be found; the examina- 
 tion of orchards of any given section will 
 easil^^ settle the question for that locality. 
 
 THE MARKET. 
 
 The question being settled that oranges 
 can be raised successfully, the next ques- 
 
 tion arises is — Lau the fruit be sold at re- 
 munerative prices? 
 
 Thus far San Francisco has been about 
 the only market for California oranges. 
 The result has been that any little suri>lus 
 fruit has had a depressing effect on. the 
 price. 
 
 Prices during the past winter — 1880-81 — 
 have reached a lower jsoint than usual and 
 yet good fruit brings a good price. A. J. 
 Twogood, of Riverside, is selling his crop 
 of 100,000 oranges at an average of ^30 per 
 thousand. Fine, clean oranges grown 
 withm the true orange belt will command 
 a good price, even though an inferior 
 fungus-covered orange is a drug in the 
 market at any price. 
 
 As yet the production of citrus fruits 
 has not been sufticient m the State of Cali- 
 fornia to supply home consumption, and 
 millions of oranges have been imported 
 from Mexico, Tahiti and Central America. 
 The fruit from these localities is very 
 much inferior to the choice California or- 
 anges. It is usually picked green of ne- 
 cessity and has an insipid flavor, in strik- 
 ing contrast with the highly flavored fruit 
 grown in California. 
 
 Several causes have operated to force 
 down the price of oranges in San Fran- 
 cisco during the past winter. 
 
 First — There has been an unusually 
 large crop the past season, and thousands 
 of young orange trees are now bearing for 
 the first time. Riverside will market of 
 the present crop about 750,000 oranges, as 
 against 75,000 last season. Orange, Pasa- 
 dena, Duarte and the new orange groves 
 of San Gabriel report a similar increase. 
 Hence the present crop is much in excess 
 of any previous one. 
 
 Secondly— The winter in Central ^and 
 Northern California has been unusually 
 wet and cold, and hence there has not been 
 the usual demand for this fruit; and, 
 
 Thirdly — The unusual floods blocked 
 transportation, causing the fruit to accu- 
 mulate in San Francisco. 
 
 Xew markets will soon be ^opened up 
 for Southern California. The new south- 
 ern railroad route, now completed, and 
 the prospect for two or three other inde- 
 pendent lines being finished to Southern 
 California Avithin the next two years, will 
 furnish, it is hoped, clieap transportation 
 
38 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 to tlie heart of the Mississippi Valley. 
 These routes will enable us to find a mar- 
 ket where millions of people will want 
 our fruit. 
 
 [The market for oranges to the eastward 
 has been successfully opened up, and new 
 oranges are being shipped into the Terri- 
 tories and Western States by the car-load 
 with profit. The orange crop of 1882-83 
 paid from $1 50 to $2 per box on the tree 
 — 150 to 200 oranges to the box.] 
 
 The California crop ripens from January 
 to June, and ought not to be shipped at 
 all before the first of March. At this sea- 
 son of the year the Florida crop is nearly 
 or quite all gone, so that there will be no 
 competition between the two States in 
 this product. 
 
 The California crop of oranges is also 
 placed in the Western market at a season 
 of the year when damage from freezing is 
 passed, and at a time when there is abso- 
 lutely no fresh fruit to compete with it. 
 
 An orange orchard in full bearing will 
 yield 100,000 oranges to the acre; $5 per 
 thousand will pay all the expenses of 
 taking care of the orchard and packing 
 and marketing the crop in San Francisco 
 or any other market to which the freights 
 are no greater. If the price should come 
 down from the present figure to |10 per 
 thousand — jobbing rates — there will still 
 be left $5 per thousand or $500 per acre for 
 the producer, which, on a ten-acre tract, 
 will satisfy the cupidity of the most ava- 
 ricious. Thei'e is scarcely a possibility 
 that the price of good clean oranges will 
 reach so low a figure as $10 per thousand 
 yet for years to come. 
 
 WHAT WILL IT COST TO GET SUCH AN 
 ORCHARD ? 
 
 As a guide to those who may desire to 
 figure on the probable expense of starting 
 an orange orchard, I give below some 
 figures which are applicable to Riverside: 
 they must be changed somewhat for other 
 localities. Land in Riverside settlement 
 is comparatively high. One year ago good 
 wild land could be obtained for $75 i^er 
 acre, and even at $60 per aci'e under the 
 canals. To-day there is none for sale at a 
 less figure than $150 per acre, and choice 
 land in good locations is held at $200 per 
 acre, firm. Lower priced lands can be had 
 
 in other localities, and in no place in 
 Southern California does it command as 
 high a figure as here in Riverside. In 
 applying these figures to other localities 
 the price of land can be figured'all the 
 way from $25 to $200 per acre. Following 
 are the figures for a ten-acre tract: 
 
 COST. 
 
 10 acres of land $1,500 
 
 1000 trees, budded or seedling 750 
 
 Planting and caring for same first season at 
 
 $30 per acre 300 
 
 Caring for orchard second year at $25 per acre 250 
 
 Third year, $25 per acre 250 
 
 Fourth year, $25 per acre 250 
 
 Fifth year, $25 per acre 250 
 
 Other exiienses incidentaljto work, say 550 
 
 Total for 5 years $4,100 
 
 Interest on investment 1,200 
 
 Total $5,300 
 
 This is the expense account. There will 
 
 be some receipts. If good budded trees 
 
 are planted the third year will give a 
 
 little fruit; the fourth year still more, and 
 
 at the end of the fifth year there will be 
 
 quite a fine crop. In order to be safe in 
 
 these calculations we will place the yield 
 
 and price at the lowest possible estimate: 
 
 Third year's crop, scattering oranges — a few 
 hundred or a thousand — not counted 
 
 Fourth year — an average of 50 oranges to the 
 
 tree— 50,000 oranges at $10 per thousand . .$ 500 
 
 Fifth year— 200 to the tree— 200,000 oranges at 
 
 $10 per thousand 2,000 
 
 All persons planting orange orchards 
 do not do as well as this, and some do 
 better. Those figures represent what can 
 be done with good judgment and thorough 
 work. If a man thinks to save bj' getting 
 cheap and incompetent work he may suc- 
 ceed in reducing the cost a few dollars, and 
 the receipts a few hundred dollars, or eveii 
 a fev/ thousand dollars. If he buys a poor 
 tree because he can get it for twenty cents 
 instead of paying the market price for a 
 good thrifty tree he will make anotlier 
 saving in cost of orchard, and in cost of 
 boxes in which to ship the fruit. 
 
 Elevation above the ocean at Ontario at 
 difierent points: 
 
 At Depot 960 feet 
 
 On Fourth street 1,053 feet 
 
 On Eighth street 1,178 feet 
 
 On Twelfth street 1,350 feet 
 
 On Sixteenth street 1,525 feet 
 
 On Twentieth street.... 1,680 feet 
 
 On Twenty-fourth street 1,850 feet 
 
 At mouth of canyon 2,125 feet 
 
 \ "^ 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 39 
 
 Ten Acres for Home and Profit. 
 
 BY C. F. PKASE, SAN BERNARDINO. 
 
 [The following Essay won the prize 
 from the Rural Ccdi/ornian.} 
 
 I am going to give you a little of my 
 experience in making a home for the 
 benefit of others wishing to settle here. I 
 came to this State about two years ago 
 from Colorado. My means were limited, 
 and I had to make a little money go as 
 far as possible. So I rented a farni the 
 first season, to learn as much about the 
 surroundings as possible. This is a good 
 plan; I would advise others to do the 
 same. At the expiration of my year of 
 renting I found I had means to buy ten 
 acres at §100 per acre, and to buy fencing, 
 young trees, cuttings for vineyard, one 
 liorse and wagon, a few tools, such as 
 plow, harrow, cultivator, lioe, rake, axe, 
 etc., two good cows, twenty-five chickens, 
 and lumber for a small barn, 10x30, with 
 two sheds on the sides. That took about 
 all my means— and no house. I built the 
 barn myself, and concluded to live in it 
 until I got able to build a house. The 
 lumber for it cost about $100. A hen-house 
 I built of lumber, lath and shakes, 10x20 
 feet, in two rooms, and a shed for shade 
 out of brush. A well was obtained with 
 little cost by digging twelve feet. Two 
 things I was very careful about selecting — 
 good soil and plenty of water for irrigat- 
 ing. My family consists of a wife and 
 three children, oldest aged nine years. 
 They did not like tlie idea of living in a 
 barn, but were willing to do it in consid- 
 eration of the mild climate. 
 
 I put out mulberry and walnut trees 
 along the lines of the road. The berries 
 are excellent for chickens and the tops 
 make good fuel. I put out three acres in 
 raisin grapes, mostly of the Seedless Sul- 
 tana; one acre in deciduous trees of all 
 kinds adapted to this locality for family 
 use; allotted one acre to house and barn, 
 which I put out in shade trees, both orna- 
 mental and useful; three acres in alfalfa, 
 and half an acre in strawberries and black- 
 berries. That left me one and a half acres 
 to cultivate. One acre I sowed in wheat, 
 harvested it and planted it in corn, of 
 Avhich I raised two good crops for the 
 
 chickens. The half acre that was left I 
 put into vegetables for family and market. 
 
 We have done all the work on the place 
 ourselves, with the help of a hired man 
 two months. I had to get into debt a little 
 for provisions during the first three 
 months. We have lived on our iiome one 
 year this month, and kept an account of 
 nearly all we sold and what we have paid 
 out, so I can tell what, or nearly what, it 
 has cost us to live. We feel very proud of 
 what we have accomplished. We have 
 had a great deal more than we have now, 
 but were never so contented and happy 
 before. 
 
 Our cows and chickens are now paying 
 better than the first year, and we wall 
 make three to four times as nmch from 
 them this year. The cows are feeding on 
 green alfalfa. Only think of it, good green 
 pasture up to the cows' eyes in December! 
 This is the best dairy country I ever saw. 
 Green feed the year around, and alfalfa at 
 at that— the finest forage plant in the 
 world. The old settlers here don't seem 
 to appreciate it as much as they should. 
 I could not get along without my ever- 
 green alfalfa. All kinds of fowls as well 
 as stock devour it eagerly and (fatten on it. 
 But I am digressing. 
 
 I was going to say why the cows and 
 chickens are going to pay better tins com- 
 ing year. We raised nearly one hundred 
 pullets, and part of them are now laying 
 and the rest will soon commence to lay. 
 We have been selling twenty dozen of 
 eggs per week for some time back. They 
 sell at forty cents a dozen. The lowest we 
 sold eggs at was twenty-five cents a dozen 
 for a month or so last spring. Tne two 
 cows are paying better and will continue 
 to pay better than hitherto, because when 
 I bought them one was farrow. She had 
 a calf last October. The other one gave 
 but little milk until last May. We now 
 get four eight-quart-pailfuls a day, and 
 after usmg all the cream and butter wo 
 want, sell from twelve to fourteen pounds 
 of butter per week at forty cents a pound. 
 Our neighbors say, "We ""on't, see how it 
 is you get so many eggs this time of the 
 year, Avhen we don't get hardly any; and 
 your chickens all look so nice and 
 healthy." "Yes," we tell them, "the 
 fowls look well, and pay Avell, as they 
 
40 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 lay about all the time except when we use 
 them for sitting, as their record will 
 show." There is no secret about it. Our 
 neighbors' fowls would do just as well 
 if they would take care of them as well. 
 Ours are a mixed breed, Brov/n Leghox-n 
 predominating. Our chickens roost in a 
 house that protects them from draughts 
 and storms. They have plenty of nests 
 uiade for them, such as they like, with a 
 china nest egg. Their house is cleaned 
 every week, and swept as carefully as a 
 house floor. The floor Is dirt, made hard 
 and smooth, mud being plastered all over 
 the bottom, then dried. The hen house is 
 whitewashed every time it is cleaned, or 
 sprinlded all over (nests also) with lime- 
 Avash. I slack about four quarts of lime 
 in a pail with boiling Avater, and sprinkle 
 it all over, using an old broom. We keej) 
 •sour milk by them, and fresh water in 
 their troughs. It pays me better to feed 
 the sour milk to the chickens than to pigs 
 and calves. I feed wheat in the morning, 
 and corn, buckwheat or oats at night. 
 About once a week they have a cooked 
 dinner, composed of anything we have on 
 hand, such as potatoes, squash, apples, 
 beets, pepper or ginger, a little sulphur, 
 cornmeal, scraps from the table, waste 
 meat from a butcher shop— all well mixed 
 and salted. We never have any sick 
 chickens — lost only one during the year. 
 Their door is closed every night so that 
 nothing can disturb them. Plaster or 
 lime and charcoal are put where they can 
 help themselves. About sixty per cent, 
 of the eggs we set hatched out. We sold 
 nine dozen roosters when ^three-fourths 
 grown for ^4.75 a dozen; have twelve left 
 and one hundred hens, old and young. 
 The chickens hatched in February and 
 March, commenced laying in six or seven 
 nionths, when eggs were bringing a good 
 price. I have said a good deal about tliis 
 little cliicken business, but it is very prof- 
 itable for the capital invested, and I will, 
 no doubt, make enough out of it to sup- 
 port my family this 3-ear. What I make 
 from my two cov/s and little farm will be 
 so much towards building our house. 
 Aside from what we use from the place, 
 it costs lis about one dollar a daj"- to live 
 here. 
 I sowed my alfalfa with barley, and cut 
 
 about nine tons of barley hay; cut the 
 alfalfa three times, getting seven and a 
 half tons, which is considered a good 
 yield for the first year. I planted the 
 three-acre vineyard in potatoes; then, 
 after plowing them out the last time, 
 about the 10th of June, I planted in 
 squashes between the rows in every third 
 row, so I got two fair crops from that 
 piece. I had ^bout twenty tons of 
 squashes. In my one-acre orchard I 
 sowed beets between the rows, and raised 
 about twenty-five tons. I raised a few 
 strawberriesfand had some to sell. One 
 acre I sowed in wheat, cut it, and planted 
 the same over in corn. I had two fair 
 crops for the chickens. They do their 
 own threshing 'and shelling. The half 
 acre left I planted in vegetables — sweet 
 corn, tomatoes, summer squash, melons, 
 cucumbers, lettuce, etc. I should have 
 mentioned while speaking of stock that I 
 have some bees. I purchased three 
 swarms; the increase was one swarm. 
 We made vinegar from some of the 
 honey, had what honey we wanted to use, 
 and sold 150 pounds. 
 
 Now, we will figure up and see how 
 much more than a living I have made 
 this year : — 
 
 EGGS SOLD. 
 
 December 7;dozen $ 2 80 
 
 January 22 " 8 80 
 
 February 18 " « 35 
 
 Marcli ; 20 " 7 00 
 
 April U " -4 20 
 
 May 9 " 2 70 
 
 June 21 " 6 30 
 
 July 39 " 1167 
 
 Aiigust 26 " 7 95 
 
 September .15 " 4 50 
 
 October 75 " 30 00 
 
 November 8i " 33 60 
 
 Total from eggs S125 57 
 
 BUTTEB SOLD. 
 
 D.ecember $11 20 
 
 January 'J 80 
 
 February 11 60 
 
 March 5 63 
 
 April 4 20 
 
 May 5 10 
 
 June 8 20 
 
 July 3 25 
 
 August i 30 
 
 September 4 70 
 
 October 7 80 
 
 November 21 60 
 
 Total frombixtter $96 83 
 
 Potatoes sold .* $207 40 
 
 Beets 30 00 
 
 Green corn " 15 25 
 
 Summer squash 15 GO 
 
 Green cucumbers and lettuce 12 40 
 
 Honey 10 92 
 
 Barley hay 45 00 
 
MMNi 
 
 III WW 
 
 
 (D^j 
 
 -.1 
 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 41 
 
 Squash W 00 
 
 Strawberries 13 50 
 
 Tomatoes 36 00 
 
 Melons 12 85 
 
 Pickles 76 32 
 
 Onions , 14 06 
 
 Two calves sold for 20 00 
 
 Nine dozen roosters 42 75 
 
 Add eighty-eight chickens more than I start- 
 
 ertwith a 00 
 
 Total amount of one year's sales $8G6 50 
 
 If I take my living expenses, say §365— 
 :i dollar a daj'- for the 5'ear— out of this, it 
 leaves §501.50 saved toward building our 
 house. 
 
 Now, if a man can do that well at the 
 first, what can he do when his oi'chard 
 and vineyard are jnelding full crops, say 
 $250 i)er aci-e for raisins; say other fruits — 
 strawberries, apricots, peaches, etc. — §300 
 more, making §1,050 to be added to the 
 other products? The money received from 
 my place was §866.50; adding the possible 
 return from fruits when in full bearing- 
 would make §1,910.50, There need not be 
 a failure of crops when water for irriga- 
 tion is available. 
 
 A Health Resort. 
 
 [The following letter was published a 
 few weeks since, but the demand for it has 
 been so great that it is republished.-^ED- 
 
 ITOR.] 
 
 Editok Fruit Geow'ee: During my 
 present stay in this colonj^ have chanced 
 to notice so many remarkable cases of im- 
 X)rovement in certain diseases, that it seems 
 a duty to others similarly afflicted to 
 briefly enumerate a few. My readers 
 will bear in mind that within the limits of 
 Ontario there is a variation in altitude 
 from 960 feet above sea leyel at the rail- 
 road station to 2,300 feet in Saa Antonio 
 Canj'on. 
 
 Mr. L. S. Dj^ar, a resident of Oregon for 
 several years until a chronic lung trouble 
 with hepatization made a change of cli- 
 mate imperative. After a tlioi'ough search 
 in several parts of this State, he finally 
 decided on Ontario, and after a year's resi- 
 dence here considers Ins lungs fully re- 
 stored. He will bring his family here 
 and remain permanentlj-. Altitude, JOoO 
 feet. 
 
 Prof. »A. G. Smith fought lung and 
 throat troubles for years, one lung hepa- 
 tized, had repeated and severe hemorr- 
 
 hages, and that peculiar hoarseness and 
 aphonia, indicating serious pulmonary dis- 
 ease. Says he has worn out four States. 
 Came to Ontario three months ago in a 
 worse condition than ever before; could 
 endui'e no fatigue; could walk but a few 
 steps, coughing constantly, etc. Has 
 gained nearly twelve pounds, has had no 
 more hemorrhages, cough all gone, except 
 a little at night; is much stronger, voice 
 nearly restored, can walk two miles, and 
 is in high hopes of full recoveiy. Alti- 
 tude, 1100 feet. 
 
 Mr. M. C. Buffington, of Burlington, 
 Iowa, became completely disabled for 
 work or business at home by throat and 
 lung disease, indigestion and general de- 
 bility. These culminated in or accompa- 
 nied clironic asthma, for which he could 
 get no perceptible relief. After a [short 
 stay in Ontario he began to improve, and 
 though not yet well he works (or hunts) 
 nearly every day; has raised a good crop 
 within the year here, and is very much 
 better in every respect. Altitude, 1500 
 feet. 
 
 Prof. Geo. R. Crowe, of Bloomington, 
 Illinois, wdio had sutiered severely from 
 chronic catarrhal asthma and sciatic rheu- 
 matism for several years, after about a 
 fortnight's stay in San Antonio Canyon, 
 said his rheumatism was almost entirely 
 gone, and his asthma was decidedly better 
 in less than an hour. 
 
 Mr. W. M. Stoddard, of New Jersey, but 
 for many years a. resident of San Fran- 
 cises and other parts of this State, says he 
 cannot live any whei-e outside of this same 
 canyon. His complaint is asthma of long 
 standing and of the severest type. Has 
 lived in the canj'on four yeai-s, and is there 
 entirely free from the grip of his old 
 enemy; but he .says, "Let me go to Los 
 Angeles and stay over night and I have it 
 bad as ever." He is well ^content to re- 
 main in this canyon t^ie rest of his life. 
 
 Col. W. H. Ma.y, another long-time suf- 
 ferer from asthma, and who has tried 
 several other places in vain, says San An- 
 tonio Canyon is the best place he has ever 
 found, and has made a permanent loca- 
 tion there. 
 
 Mr. J. W. Wliittaker came to Ontario 
 from San Francisco thirteen months ago, 
 a terrible asthmatic suffierer, with all the 
 
42 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 weakness, distress and debility which 
 usually accompanies this disease in its 
 worst form. He is now strong, in good 
 flesh, working right along, even in the 
 rain, and seems entirely cured. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Borthwick, of Pennsylvania, 
 came to California for his health. Indi- 
 gestion, sleeplessness, neuralgia and rheu- 
 matism were his ailments. Tried San 
 Francisco and Oroville six months, but 
 grew worse; then Los Angeles eighteen 
 months with some improvement, but now 
 after six months in Ontario experiences 
 almost entire recovery. 
 
 I have seen and talked with these par- 
 ties and have heard of several others 
 whose cases are worthy of report — all go- 
 ing to establish the value of this especial 
 portion of yoi;r State for climatic purposes. 
 It is scarcely necessary to add that in this 
 " model settlement" and immediate vicin- 
 ity there is not the least indication of ma- 
 laria. Hence the occurrence or existence 
 of all that large family of diseases having 
 this destructive element for their basis, 
 and which is so fatally frequent in many 
 places, can have no terrors here. Very 
 respectfully. Dr. C. R. Sykes. 
 
 Ontario, Cal., Feb. 4, 1884. 
 
 lie and sleep, or dream of sleep, and feel 
 the warm rays penetrating through and 
 through, until, renewed with strength, 
 you rise up from the accumulation of new 
 strength and vigor, not as one rises from 
 the sun bath of other lands, to shake with 
 chills and burn with fever, in whom the 
 sun's rays have but vitalized and caused 
 to germinate the miasmatic spores that 
 flow in ills blood. The air and sunshine 
 here are all that poetic glow has ever 
 given to them in the Eden of the past or 
 the El Dorado of the future. No pen, or 
 tongue, or penciled brush can ever portray 
 the exquisite radiant depth of azure blue, 
 softened into a haze whose very haziness 
 adds to its transparency, that fills the val- 
 ley from mountain-top to mountain-top. 
 Here no rigorous cold consumes the vital 
 forces qf the system, and no enervating 
 heat prostrates the organs and stops the 
 production of vitality. 
 
 Children who would languish and die 
 for lack of vital strength in other lands, 
 will here grow to health and strength. 
 Adults whose systems are annually dete- 
 riorating, will here prolong in health and 
 comfort the days of their sojourn. 
 
 Will the Fruit Market be Overdone? 
 
 Health at Ontario. 
 
 Situated near the Pacific Ocean shore, 
 the air comes wafted across the seas for 
 thousands of miles. Dashed by storms 
 into the jjure waters of the ocean, lifting 
 the mists and spray high above, until every 
 impurity is washed out, then warmed and 
 dried in the sunshine, the air comes in 
 fresh, pure and full of invigorating life. 
 No deadly miasma nor germs of contagious 
 disease can ever journey in the 'air from 
 other lands to this. The sun pours its 
 warm rays down through an ether of 
 most delicate azure, filling one's soul with 
 dreamy dreams of floating away into the 
 depths of space, with feelings of most pro- 
 found serenity and unconscious conscious- 
 ness. 
 
 The sun baths of Ontario are unsur- 
 passed by any that art has ever contrived. 
 Public balhs for the masses ! Here they 
 are for rich or poor, sick or Avell, old or 
 young. Lie down on the rich grass and 
 wild flowers in the full flood of sunshine. 
 
 A correspondent of the Xos Angeles 
 Semi-Tropic Cali/ornian thus discusses 
 the question o^ overstocking the fruit 
 market. 
 
 It is often asked, " Will the fruit busi- 
 liess not be overdone?" You might as 
 well ask, "Will there ever be too much 
 bread and meat produced?" You would 
 say "No," most emphatically. Bread and 
 the meats are produced in every country; 
 but how is it with the fruits that we pro- 
 duce in California? For instance, this is 
 the place where the apricot grows to per- 
 fection. There are but few places in the 
 world where the apricot grows at all, and 
 even here in California it grows and does 
 well only in certain localities. "And 
 where is our market?" Everywhere in 
 the ciyilized world. The demand increases 
 faster than the supply for canned apri- 
 cots. It is a matter of fact that the apricot 
 is one of, if not the best, of fruits canned. 
 It is sought after not only in onr own 
 country, but in Europe. Large quantities 
 are sent to England and to all parts of the 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 world, and the cry comes for more. And 
 for dried or evaporated apricots the de- 
 mand is much more than can be produced 
 for the next twenty years. The dried ap- 
 ricot can be kept or sent to market two 
 lour or six months hence, and the freight 
 is nominal compared to the freight on 
 green fruits. And what is said aboutapri- 
 cots can be said about other of our f ruits- 
 the French prune and nectarine. The 
 nectarine does not do well only m por- 
 tionsof California. It is good for canning, 
 and especially good for drying. The 
 French nrune is particularly good for dry- 
 ing, and always commands prices that pay 
 the producer a good protit. Then the 
 Bartlett pear is wanted to ship east to Chi- 
 cago, St. Louis, and further east to New 
 York, Philadelphia, Boston, and fioni 
 these places to be distributed to almost 
 every city and town in the United States. 
 Then the demand for canned Bartlett pears 
 is enormous, and the canneries want all the 
 ..ood Bartlett pears they can obtaui; and 
 Uie market for dried Bartlett peai^ is good. 
 But other pears are wanted for .shippmg 
 East at remunerative prices. Then certain 
 varieties of peaches are wanted, and the 
 canneries take all the good Early and Late 
 Crawfords, theLemon Cling,Orange Clmg, 
 White Heath Cling, Salway, and a few 
 other varieties of peaches. And still, not- 
 withstanding that there are such large 
 quantities of peaches canned, the demand 
 is not supplied. Tlien for dried peaches 
 the price is good. Mr. Hixson, of San 
 Francisco, was a month in Los Angeles 
 and San Bernardino counties trying to get 
 three carloads of dried fruit, but all he 
 could procure was 8,000 pounds. These 
 two counties should have produced twenty 
 carloadsof dried fruit. Last, but not least, 
 comes the apple. It is one of the fruits 
 that is next to bread and meat. It can be 
 used in so many ways that it cannot well 
 Sf dispensed with. Everybody uses he 
 apple in various ways-it is a part of the 
 Hv?nV It is like -all fruits, healthful. 
 
 Drfed apples are used by almost every 
 on? fndcvlporatedapplescomm^^^^^^^^^^ 
 rrioes in every market, and good gieeu 
 Monies in San Francisco have been worth 
 ffofpe?box, wholesale, all summer and 
 fail ^'Why i^s It?" One reason there is 
 a n-eat demand. A great many faousand 
 bo'xes are exported to New Zealand, Aus- 
 Sa, China; Japan and many other foi- 
 eign countries. 
 
 THE MUSCAT GRAPE ON SOUTH- 
 ERN MESAS. 
 
 Ontario Soil Analyzed— Better for Rai- 
 sins than Wine— Choice Fruit Lands 
 —Prof. E. W. Hilgard's Official Bul- 
 letin No. 17 — Examination of Soil 
 from Ontario Colony Collected by 
 C. H. Dwinelle at the Head of Euclid 
 Avenue. 
 
 Ontario occupies part of the slope at the 
 base of the Cucamonga mountain, and 
 originally formed part of the ranch of that 
 name; it adjoins on the west the well- 
 known Cucamonga vineyard. Euclid av- 
 enue is the central thoroughfare of the 
 colony, rising for six miles from 950 feet 
 at the southern end to 2200 feet at the 
 northern, where it terminates against the 
 foothills. The soil specimen examined is 
 taken near the foethill slope, and there- 
 fore represents in a measure the debri= 
 and "wash" of these hills. It is notec 
 that this soil, of which a belt runs alon^ 
 the foothills and part of the way down th( 
 slope, is sufficiently moist through th. 
 season to grow trees and vines with littl 
 or no irrigation-a circumstance doubtles 
 due, in part at least, to the observe^ 
 greater rainfall as compared with th 
 lower portions of the tract, but probabl 
 also influenced by the seepage from th 
 
 ^Unlike the usual mesa soils of tt 
 
 southern region this soil is of a blackis 
 
 gray tint, due, as will be seen, to an uui 
 
 sually high percentage of humus. Tl 
 
 surface soil to the depth of six inches 
 
 quite sandy and full of herbaceous rool 
 
 denoting a vigorous vegetation, and gli 
 
 tens witli mica scales. Lower down 
 
 becomes more compact, and at the sar 
 
 time shows an increasing amount of ro 
 
 fragments, and so it continues until at t 
 
 depth of five feet the latter forms qu 
 
 half or more of its mass, the finer porti 
 
 remaining, however, of nearly the sai 
 
 dark grayish tint as at one foot depi 
 
 The rock fragments, all angular, cons 
 
 mostly of schistose material, largi 
 
 gnessoid. The analysis of the soil, tai 
 
 to twelve inchesdepth,resultedas folio. 
 
 SOIL FROM ONTARIO COLONY. 
 
 53.2perc. 
 
 Fme Earth ••••• .g g 
 
 Stones and Coarse Sand »"-° 
 
44 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 ANALYSIS OJJ' FINE EAEIH. 
 
 Insoluble Matter 43.50 ) „f. ^ . 
 
 Soluable Silica 2S.01( ""•"'* 
 
 Potash 1.58 
 
 Soda .i3 
 
 Lime 2.77 
 
 Magnesia 2.87 
 
 j3r. Oxide of Manganese .06 
 
 Peroxide of Iron 5.58 
 
 Alumina 14.20 
 
 PLosphoric Acid .09 
 
 Sulphuric Acid .04 
 
 Water and Organic Matter 5.53 
 
 99.68 
 
 Ilumus 1.29 
 
 Available Inorganic .42 
 
 Hygroscop Moisture 4.44 
 
 Absorbed at degrees C. . . 12.00 
 
 From its composition this soil would 
 naturally be conjectured to be that of a 
 cienega. Its potash percentage is extraor- 
 dinary, exceeding that of any other Cali- 
 fornia soil thus far examined; and with 
 its relatively high amount of soda would 
 arouse a suspicion of "alkali," if that 
 were i)ossible in a location and soil natur- 
 ally so well drained. The extraordinaiy 
 percentage of "soluble silica" explains 
 the seeming anomaly in suggesting the 
 innocuous combination in Avliich these 
 substances doubtless exist. 
 
 The lime and magnesia percentages are 
 very high, as is, for that region, the itei« 
 of humus; and that of phosphorio acid, 
 while it would not generally be consid- 
 ered high, is so in comparison with other 
 mesa soils of southern regions. Consider- 
 ing, in addition, its depth, this soil should 
 be extremely productive — almost too 
 much so for the production of high qual- 
 ity of wine grapes, but well adapted to 
 that of raisins as well as of olives, and 
 doubtless, from its location, to that of 
 citrus fruits; all of which should in such 
 a soil require one or two good winter irri- 
 gations to secure both quantity and 
 quality. 
 
 Fruit and Raisins. 
 
 No article ever written in California, 
 probably' ever expressed a greater truth 
 in a better shape and has been so widely 
 published as the following from the pen 
 of Prof. E. W. Hilgard: 
 
 " I don't think that any country on the 
 American continent will ever compete 
 with California for grape-growing and 
 wine-making. In the raisin and wine 
 industry, I do not think you will have 
 any American competitors." 
 
 Abundance of Water. 
 
 The following certitieatc, issued pursu- 
 ant to the water contract, shows the meas- 
 ure of water in the Ontario ditch, flowing 
 in the lowest stage of water for the year. 
 This would irrigate 6773.5 acres per month. 
 By storing this supply during the eight 
 months in the year when v,-ater is not used 
 for irrigating, it will furnish water suflti- 
 cient for nearly 20,000 acres. The On- 
 tario lands, "to which this water be- 
 longs, include less than 10,000 acres. It is 
 also to be remembered that when this 
 measurement was inade not over half of 
 the Ontario water was turned into the 
 ditch: 
 
 Office op Fred Eaton, hydraulic] 
 
 ENGINEER, LOS ANC+ELES, CaL. 
 
 July 19, 1884. j 
 This is to certify that on the 15th day of 
 July, 1884, at 12 m. I measured the Avater 
 flowing in the Ontario ditch at a weir 
 placed in the waste gate at end of ditch, and 
 found the quantity to be 13.25 cubic feet 
 flowing per secon\l. There was a mean 
 velocity of 1.12 feet per second in the chan- 
 nel approacJiing weir, which Avas disre- 
 garded in the computation giving the 
 above flow. Taking into account the head 
 due to this approaching velocity, the flow 
 would ba 13.547 cubic feet per second, or 
 677.35 miners inches. Fred Eaton. 
 
 More Improvements. 
 
 Since the tabulated statement of July 
 was compiled buildings have been erected 
 by the following land-owners : 
 
 A. Piddington, dwelling § 5,000 
 
 T. S. Dowse, dwelling 3,000 
 
 Wm. Hall, dwelling 1,500 
 
 Miss Roberts, store 700 
 
 EdredDrew, store and dwelling 1,200 
 
 Jas. Newman, dwelling 500 
 
 W. J. Waddingliam, grain ware- 
 house 1,800 
 
 Thomas Hoimes, barn 350 
 
 W. J. Waddingliam, planing mill... 1,000 
 
 1. W. Wiiittaker, dwelling and barn 1,000 
 
 Total .*. §516,050 
 
 Mr. Joseph Waddingliam and Mr. L. S. 
 Dyar haye let contracts for two sub- 
 stantial cottage residences, which are to 
 be erected immediately. 
 
 The brick for the college building at On- 
 tario have been burned and work on the 
 building, to cost §20,000, has been com- 
 menced. 
 
 For purchase of college lands at Ontario 
 address R. M. Widney, Los Angeles, Onl. 
 
ONTARIO. 
 
 45 
 
 Found at Last. 
 
 There seems ever to have existed iu the 
 miuds of niGu the belief that in some place 
 on eartli there ^vas a spot which, in its 
 rich and fascinating beauty, in its luxuri- 
 ant and varied products, in its climate of 
 soft, invigorating freshness laden with life 
 and health, and in all that makes earth 
 desirable, surpasssed all other portions of 
 earth's fair surface combined. Our oldest 
 history tells u.s that man first awakened 
 to life and consciousness in such a place, 
 and calls it the Garden of Eden. The tra- 
 dition of it has ever run down with the 
 race as an inherited tradition, and the 
 most fertile imaginations have ever paint- 
 ed the surpassing loveliness of a i^aradise 
 on earth. Adventurers and explorers 
 have pushed out into the dangers of the 
 unknown region with anxious expecta- 
 tion, looking for the El Dorado, the 
 Fountain of Youth — in vain, all In vain. 
 
 The Creator made the first garden of 
 Eden. He was the husbandman and 
 horticulturist of that favored place of 
 which man proved unworthy. When 
 man was di'iven from it the divine Gar- 
 
 dener ceased his care, and the streams 
 that watered its vegetation ran in neglect- 
 ed courses, and for want of irrigation the 
 beauties and fruits of the place relapsed 
 into uncared-for wildness. Man must 
 prepare and make the second garden oj 
 Eden by his own labor. Ho will then ap- 
 preciate it. All that man can expect to 
 find is the soil, climate, and natural facili- 
 ties for re-making the garden of the Lord. 
 Where is that place? We think it is here, 
 Ontario. At least, if the re-making can 
 not equal the Avork of that Master- 
 workman and Artist, it can hero become 
 all that the limited power and knowledge 
 of man can produce. 
 
 A Prophecy of 1835. 
 
 The United States might be expected to 
 make no great way in civilization till 
 they be fully peopled to the Pacific; and 
 it might not be unreasonable to expect 
 that w^hen that event has occurred the 
 greatest civilization of the territory will 
 be found in the peninsula of California 
 and the narrow strip of country beyond 
 the rocky mountains. — The Vestiges of 
 Creation. 
 
 All kinds Rough and Dressed LUMBER constantly on hand. Cem^t, 
 Plaster, Lime, and Earthenware Chimneys in Stock. 
 
 Mill Work and fine Indoor Work a Specialty. 
 
 C^O TO 
 
 Waddingham's G-rain Warehouse and Feed Mills on Depot Block, On- 
 tario, if you wish to store grain or buy feed. 
 
46 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 smith & moores, 
 
 Livery & Boarding Stable, 
 
 A STREET, ONTARIO, CAL. 
 
 THSITORS to the Celebrated San Antonio Canyon should get 
 Conveyances here. The roads from other points to the 
 Canyon are not to be compared with the Euclid Avenue drive. 
 Parties met at Ontario Depot at all S. P. R. R. trains. 
 
 ORGE lyiclNTYR 
 
 ontractor and Builder. 
 
 Shop on Euclid Avenue, next door to the Boarding House, 
 
 ONTARIO, CAL. 
 
 Plans and Specifications drawn up at short notice. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 47 
 
 3Sr IE TXT 
 
 FURNITURE AND UHDERTAKIHC 
 
 WAREROOMS, 
 
 -i^t - - - - On.ta.rio, - - - Ca.1- 
 
 E. DREW 
 
 HAS ERECTED A NEW AND SUITABLE BUILDING ON EUCLID 
 
 niture, Carpets, Mattings, Wall Paper, etc. — all bought in the best markets — and is 
 prepared to sell as low as the lowest. He would invite the inspection of the surround- 
 ing public and solicit their patronage, as he is satisfied that he can make it an object 
 for them to buy, as he will not be undersold. 
 
 Agent for Pianos, Organs and Sewing Machines. Also prepared to Contract for 
 Buildings. Plans and Specifications furnished at shortest notice. 
 
 October 3(i, 188i. 
 
 E. DREl?5r, Proprietor. 
 
 D0N7BUYY0UR HARDWARE TILL YOU VISIT 
 
 Euclid Ay. ONTARIO California, 
 
 DEA.LEBS IN 
 
 BUILDERS' AND GENERAL HARDWARE, 
 
 Rubber and Cotton Plose; Tin, Stamp, Agate and Wooden Ware; Agricul- 
 tural Implements of all kinds, including Plows, Harrows, Cultivators, 
 Scrapers, etc.; Paints, Oils and Glass. 
 
 GUNS AND AMMUNITION A SPECIALTY. 
 
 Good Stock of Garden and Flower Seeds; Oil, Parlor, Heating and Cook- 
 ing Stoves; Carpenter and Blacksmith Tools. 
 
48 
 
 Euclid Aire., 
 
 
 
 ONTARIO 
 
 5 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 STATIONERY, 
 
 School Books, 
 
 Choice Confectionery, 
 
 Cigars and Tobacco, 
 
 Fancy Articles, 
 
 Ice Cream, 
 
 Soda Water, and 
 
 Fruit in its Season, 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 <i 
 
 1^ 
 m 
 
 H 
 
 ED. McMANNIS, 
 
 C Street, near Euclid Avenue, 
 
 ONTAKIO, 
 
 General Blacksmithing. 
 
 All Classes of Work Done Promptly. 
 
 Q 
 b 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 49 
 
 O'Bryan & Whipple 
 
 ONTARIO, CAK, 
 
 BRICK 
 
 AND CONTRACT FOE LAYING THE SAME. 
 
 Also will do all Plastering and Stucco Work in the most 
 durable and satisfactory style. 
 
 D. T. JONEST^ 
 
 DEALEK IN 
 
 DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES, 
 
 Clothing, Crockery, Hats & Caps, 
 
 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, Etc. 
 
 I intend not to be undersold b^' merchants doing business in neighboring villages 
 or in the city of Los Angeles. Come and examine my goods and prices before you 
 buy elesewhere. Liberal discounts on large orders. 
 
 Corner Euclid Avenue and A Street, opposite Ontario Hotel, 
 
 ONTARIO, CAL. 
 
** ^hc §vci^» aii3 ^cvtvcxvttvvxxzytJ*^ 
 
 FOR INFORMATION ABOUT 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 SUBSCRIBE FOR THE 
 
 PRESS AND HORTICULTDRIST 
 
 PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT 
 
 Riverside. San Bernardino Co.. Cal, 
 
 By L. M. HOLT. 
 
 ^5) 
 
 Its Motto — " The truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth concerning 
 Southern California, its soil, climate, re^iotirces, and sanitary attractions for the 
 invalid, louri.st, settler, and capitalist.'''' It makes a st^ecialty of the items con- 
 tained ill this niolto. 
 
 PRICE --$2 a year in advance. Sampla copies free. 
 
 Address L. M. HOLT, Riverside, Cal., inclosing Postal Note. 
 
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