Class L \3 2 ,g-Afc. Book- ."Bl [ j ui:si:.n"ii;i > i:y 2.C.O VT9 SCHOOL STORIES AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO SCHOOL SUBJECTS OF INTEREST COST OF ILLUSTRATIONS The original cost of such half tone plates as are used for this report varies from 10 cents to 20 cents per square inch, plus the cost of photographs. Many superintendents report that illustrations pay large dividends because they interest and con- vince taxpayers as well as school trustees. They certainly make it easier for newspapers and magazines to describe school needs and school work. Most of the illustrations were loaned by the schools or organizations whose names are mentioned in the legends. fubl '09 School Playground : Newark, N. J. SCHOOL STORIES Does a comparison of the space given by our public jour- nals to churches and higher education, to theatrical and sport- ing events, police courts, minor politics and private charity with the space given to public schools prove That the space heretofore given by newspapers and magazines to school problems and events fairly repre- sents the power of these subjects to -interest their readers ? That publishers are more eager to give publicity to the unexpected about prize fights and divorces than to the not-yet-understood about twenty million school children? That publishers would rather print comments on indus- trial education by labor leaders, university presidents and social workers than by school officials? Is it not rather that It is easier for writers and publishers to obtain news about society, charity, colleges and sports than to obtain in- teresting school items? To help editors, special-story writers, public education asso- ciations, school teachers and officials, as well as those who vote funds, consider these reasons, the Bureau of Municipal Re- search has indexed the last report of New York City's superin- tendent of schools (690 pp. with appendixes) for the year ending June 31st, 1908, — published in March, 1909. dated December 31st, 1908. This index, as printed, requires nearly 29 octavo pages, and is planned to serve the double purpose of pointing the way to readable school stories and of proving that school reports will be vastly more serviceable when properly indexed. Omitting proper names and condensing to the requirements of regular re- porting this index could have been printed on 10 pages, much less space than the report indexed gives to the unnecessary repetition of salutations and such phrases as "respectfully submitted," and but one page more than the admirable index for City of Cleveland's report one-fourth as large. Many topics having the merit of perennial or special novelty, and others which at this particular time are not sufficiently under- stood by the general public, are indexed in black-face type. For example : Aid in studies after school hours ; use of metronome for speed in teaching business arithmetic ; fee to improve evening school attendance ; baths not in operation ; good citi- zenship clubs; teachers doing clerical work; folk dancing; Children^ St. Joseph, Mo., Reproducing Millet's "Feeding Her Birds' 4 girls' athletic league ; prevalence of nervous diseases ; Brook- lyn students' drawings on exhibit in London; evening courses in architecture ; the Russell Sage Foundation's work for back- ward children ; how the newsboy law works ; co-operation with trade unions. The recommendations listed number 130, and are indexed to 176 places. If a Taxpayer The item "taxpayer" is never so important to taxpayers as the item "cost." That word is indexed but refers you to "ex- penditures," and tells parenthetically that "educational records as yet show money spent, not cost incurred." Is this the way your school and other public records are kept? If so, payment of this year's bills may be deferred until next year or this year's payments may include goods purchased and used last year. Purse strings cannot be controlled by you if such is your city's method. Under "expenditures," however, the in- dex refers to different "activities" and to uses of "bond issues," to "economies," "general school funds," "summary of expendi- tures" and "maintenance of truants." If a Parent You will wonder what the four pages cited tell about meet- ings of parents, mothers' clubs, and truancy due to parental ne- glect. Is there parental neglect in your city? Has your school superintendent or principal attempted to organize mothers' clubs, and parents' meetings? The item "popular evening lectures," refers to the fact that New York spends $134,000 in 178 centers, totaling 1,208,000 attendances in 1908. Lest you wonder why so little is said in the report about these lectures, the index tells you that a separate report on this subject is published by the supervisor of lectures (at educational headquarters, Park Avenue and 59th Street). If a Social Worker, Civic Leader, Minister, Clubwoman, or Popular Lecturer You will find a host of suggestions which will enable you to get quickly to the center of your local school problem and of many other social problems. The mere fact of your becoming intelligently interested in so many different questions at one time would show your school board new possibilities of securing public support for any plans that clearly explain their difficulties and endeavors. If a Mayor, Comptroller or Other Holder of Public Purse- Strings You will find a short route to means of fitting yourself to ask intelligent questions of boards of education and superintendents of schools. If, as is frequently said, New York City's example is emulated not only by large cities but by school officials in small communities, it will well be worth your while to estimate what it would cost or save your school district, county, city or state, in money and in school energy, to put into effect the 130 recommendations here indexed. Their adoption would mean for New York an immediate outlay of many millions, and, so long as executed, an annual outlay of other millions. What they would pay hack in power and even in money you will be interested to compute. If a Writer of School Reports You will probably determine not only to index your next re- port, but to seek audience for the facts and ideas which you will be proud to index. You will wonder why men and women having to do with school children have so long left to persons not connected with public education the chief part in shaping- general sentiment with regard to school questions. The opin- The First of the New York Children's Aid Society's Three Dental Clinics for School Children. The Story of the "Dental Awakening" is Both Helpful and Thrilling. Rural and Urban District Schools Need Leadership and Following in Dental Hygiene ions advanced by school journals and by school superinten- dents as individual theorists, will shortly come to be consid- ered less reliable and less interesting indexes of school experi- ence, than official reports which raise questions and tell the greater part of the truth about all public school children. If a Reader of Newspapers and Magazines You will be convinced by this index that there is no reason why school topics should not be "live wires," and will perhaps be moved both to help and to induce your newspaper editors and school officials to give to you reading matter about school progress and school hindrances that will both inform and interest you. If You Give Large Sums to Education and Philanthropy You will ask yourself numerous questions which will leave you somewhat in doubt as to whether, at the present time, higher education and private charity can compete with studies of public education in paying dividends on future large gifts. At least, you may wonder if the time has not come for some philanthropist to show the public how the gap may be filled up between what everybody wants our public schools to do and what those schools get done. Two significant efforts to hasten social progress by get- ting things done through established agencies are indicated by the Junior League of New York City and by a gift of its former president, Miss Dorothy Whitney, to the Bureau of Municipal Research for making known everywhere and trying to get done everywhere what is known to be necessary every- where for the physical welfare of school children. The gift will be applied throughout the coming year to studies, publi- cation and correspondence about school children. Many of America's great foundations, as well as many forms of private charity on smaller scale, are creating prob- lems for cities and states without alwaj^s showing how to solve them. The free public library is a continuing tax as well as a continuing opportunity. To discover laggards in the school lodges a burden upon tax payers to remove the causes. When a cure for meningitis is discovered boards of health are ex- pected to provide that cure upon call. Showing that ignorance and unclean milk are chiefly responsible for infant mortality induces the taxpayer to instruct mothers and to inspect milk. Yesterday's private tuberculosis clinic is becoming to-day's reason for a comprehensive anti-tuberculosis program. There- lore the need for educational work which will show communi- ties how to get done what they are convinced ought to be dune. To this end school stories are one indispensable agency. Rural as Well as Urban Patients, Self Supporting as Well as Dependent Families Are Making Ever Increasing Demands for the Visiting Nurse. For Her Part in Fighting Tuberculosis Address National Asso- ciation for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, New York City Why Schools Must Tell Their Own Story So long as newspapers and magazines are business enterprises they must choose the easier way to secure interesting news. If their audience does not discriminate between news items, articles and illustrations that come in at no cost, and matter of equal in- terest that costs $C> a column, 5 cents a word, or $5 a picture, they will in the long run render the greater service by printing the free material. Any newspaper that would rather pay for news than get that same news for nothing will be so badly managed and edited that it will end by paying for news that is good for nothing. Between two news items entailing no outlay, newspapers fre- quently print the less interesting item because it comes to them in a more attractive form, or requires less rewriting. Because publishers have stationary offices, and because each editor or writer has but two eyes and two feet, their product must be largely influenced by what comes to editorial desks. In a crowded day men may be sent to only a limited number of places. Time spent in traveling cannot compete with time spent in writing up news that comes by telegraph or mail. An editor who receives from the outside a hundred suggestions or "tips" will work out more combinations and see more pos- sibilities of interest than an editor of equal capacity who re- ceives half as many suggestions or none at all. For these reasons almost every type of laudable effort except public schools, and certain other branches of civil gov- ernment, is seeking a carefully worked out "short circuit" to 1 How Press Cooperation Is Sought The progressive private charity endeavors to make its annual report appeal to heart and pocket-book. But after all the arts of rhetoric, indentation, italics, fantastic type, coloring and illustra- tion are exhausted, these reports are supplemented by personal note, telephone call or visit to make sure that the "good stories" do not escape the editor's eye. Additional advantage is taken dur- ing the year of appealing incidents, to secure press notice for their commendable work and to solicit funds. Spectacular as is the Hudson-Fulton Memorial celebration, or a political campaign, or a great strike, only a fraction of their stories would appear in the newspapers unless memorial, campaign and strike committees organized means of forcing story possibilities upon the attention of editors. School News Now Costs Too Much The press itself has through syndicates, press bureaus, etc., attended to the "short circuit" for police and divorce courts, society and stock market, military and foreign news, because experience shows that news of human vital interest is not only manufactured there, but may be easily found there. Heretofore to have done this for schools, would have cost too much. Not only have the schools failed to send interesting items to the edi- tor's desk, but they have also failed to make it easy for writers, by going to them, to get their stories. An adequate school report — clear, complete, interesting, sound, true — would partially serve the purpose of press agent, news syndicate or literary broker, and prove a strong competitor of other classes of specialized and exploited news. q Commenting on the foregoing paragraph one Eastern publisher and editor wrote : The newspapers would get a lot of material out them- selves from reports, if it was more clearly and forci- bly presented. * * * * The greatest difficulty is that the news of the schools is not set forth attractively. As you have pointed out in your foreword, school reports are frequently full of facts that make the most interesting sort of news stories, but they are so buried in verbiage and so poorly presented that they do not strike home. To attract newspaper attention (or school directors'?) the important and interesting things should be "thrown up" as we say in the newspaper business, and made perfectly clear by the simplest sort of lan- guage. A Western editorial writer who does much for uplift work of every kind wrote: The press cannot get material to make readable articles regarding the progress of the public schools. While the schools are one of, if not the most important factor in making the citizen of the future, and while they are supported by public taxation, it is impossible to arouse general interest concerning them. Yet there is a wealth of interest in their educational and financial management. I feel that publicity would help toward better schools. To continue the education of 178 groups of adults, New York's board of education spends about $134,000 a year on popu- lar evening lectures. No annual bill is paid more willingly by that city's taxpayers. A similar amount spent in the course of five years in publishing "live news" about America's schools, such as this index calls for, would revolutionize school finance and school administration in every section of the country. Such an investment would pay enormous direct dividends too. Taxpayers, when better informed, will gladly spend additional sums upon education vastly exceeding the huge incomes from our large private foundations, such as the General Education Hoard, the Russell Sage Foundation, the Jeanes Fund and ( arnegie Foundation. 5*. a" CfQ Cfq B.o d 3 ^ - rO O- S?T SI- P3 'S a ■C: («i r*> Oi H » B* a. 01 p! P h-»« m". cs O fcJ P* O V; IT) vr o oo o cr crq Journalism Is The Greatest Educator For 100 per cent, of American citizens over 20 years of age and for all but 3 per cent, over 14, the most constant and most effective educator is journalism — the newspaper, the weekly and monthly magazine, the trade or class journal, etc. In fit- ting children for life, schools should fit them for later educa- tion by press and magazine. If this later schooling is to build upon the preliminary training of school and college, it is neces- sary that schools put their story within easy reach of those who conduct newspapers and magazines. School officials who do not enable journalists to help the schools cannot prepare children to be helped by journalism. An Appeal for Adequate School Reports It not infrequently happens that the most intelligent strata of societv, judged by conventional and academic standards, are least informed upon questions necessary either to efficient citizen- ship or to proper administration of public schools. It is hoped that this school index will be studied by many shapers of public opinion so that they may enlist the country's press and other edu- cational agencies in a crusade for progressive educational descrip- tion of school work and school needs. New York School Playground INDEX TO SCHOOL SUBJECTS OF INTEREST Tenth Annual Report, City Superintendent, the City of New York, for Year Ending July 31, 1908 For examples of school reports with topical indexes consult those for Alexandria, Va. Altoona, Pa. Atlanta, Ga. Augusta, Me. Bayonne, N. J. Berkeley, Cal. Beverly, Mass. Boston, Mass. Brockton, Mass. Camden, N. J. Charleston, W. Va. Chelsea, Mass. Chicago, 111. Cincinnati, O. Cleveland, O. Columbus, Ga. Columbus, O. Council Bluffs, Iowa Covington, Ky. Denver, Col. Detroit, Mich. Elizabeth, N. J. Erie. Pa. Fall River, Mass. Ft. Wayne, Ind. Grand Rapids, Mich. Harrisburg, Pa. Holyoke, Mass. Jamestown, N. Y. Kalamazoo, Mich. Kansas City, Mo. Da Crosse, Wis. Dawrence, Mass. Little Falls, N. Y. Maiden, Mass.' Marlboro, Mass. Meadville, Pa. Memphis, Tenn. Newark, N. J. New Britain, Conn. Newport, Ky. New Rochelle, N. Y. Norfolk, Va. North Adams, Mass. Oklahama, Okla. Oshkosh, Wis. - Paterson, N. J. Pawtucket, R. I. Pontiac. Mich. Portland, Me. Portsmouth, Va. Racine, Wis. Reading, Pa. Roanoke, Va. Worcester, Mass. Rochester, N. Y. Rock Island, 111. St. Louis, Mo. St. Paul, Minn. San Jose, Cal. Schenectady, N. Y. Somerville, Mass. Springfield, Mass. Springfield, O. Steubenville, O. Syracuse, N. Y. Tacoma, Wash. Trenton, N. J. Troy, N. Y. Washington, D. C. Watertown, N. Y. Waterville, Me. Waukegan, 111. T3 Overcoming Fear of ''''Nature''' in Next) York Abnormal children, see defectives Accommodations, see sittings blind, classes needed 113 elementary schools needed 51, 94, 193 high school 93-94, 273-274, 281-282 kindergartens needed 103, 253 kitchens needed 103-107 vocational schools needed 124-125 workshops needed 103-107, 123, 125, 253 buildings, present, new 20-22 deaf and dumb, present 113 fire risk reduced 46 elementary industrial school, new 536 industrial night schools, needed 124 schools, number and kind 18-19, 20 sites, expenditure for 156 Additional teachers returned to class work 265 economies possible 190, 268 Additions, see accommodations Pages 1-163 refer to portion signed by the city superintendent; pages 164 ff. to reports submitted to him by division superintendents, directors of special branches, etc. This index was compiled by Bureau of Munici- pal Research for the educational purposes set forth in the foreword. 15 Adenoid growths, prevalence 139 ungraded class pupils 606 Adler, Prof. Felix, on ethical instruction 109 Afternoon playgrounds, see playgrounds Ages of pupils, above normal 60 all schools, by sex 52 elementary schools, by grades 54-59 elementary school graduates 65-66 high school graduates 84 Ahearn, Borough President 515 Law 378 Aid in studies, after school hours 91 Albro, Henry F., vs. board of education 377 Anaemia, prevalence 138 Annuitants under retirement law 427 Appeals, unsuccessful candidates 249 Appendixes, by division superintendents, etc 5, 167-690 Applied mechanics, see physics Appointments, teachers, principals, etc 266 Architectural course, evening high schools 258 Arithmetic, business 175 metronome used for speed 172 teaching 169, 213, 225 unsuccessful pupils drilled by successful 173 higher, evening high and trade schools 552 Art, see domestic arts, drawing Brooklyn drawings in London 470 vacation schools 519 Assignment, nomination and transfer 16, 265-269 Assistants to principals, licensing unsatisfactory 277 not teaching 36 termination of appointments 266 Associate city superintendents 15, 16, 17, 167-225 Athletics, assistant inspectors licensed 246 co-operation of teachers 170, 432 girls' athletic league 438 Attendance, see compulsory education "attendance school" recommended 205 average daily, all schools children's court co-operates 211 comparison, boys and girls, by boroughs 29 discipline class established 225 evening schools since 1903 539 fee to improve, evening school 134, 163 increase, yearly, since 1899 30, 153 individual schools 619-687 reorganization of officers 373 regularity, by boroughs since 1899 30 16 17 Atypical children, see defectives Ayics, Leonard P., retardation investigation 61,144,145,567-598 B Backward pupils, see defectives, retardation Bardwell, Darwin L 12 Barlow, Magistrate 355 Barnstone, Rachel, vs. board of education 378 Barrows, Dr. Samuel J., death 183 Basketry, vacation schools 518 Baths, in operation 174, 224, 517 not in operation 218 caretakers needed 218 recreation center and playground work 137 Baum, Miss Millicent 181 Best, Lyman A 14 Biology, syllabus under revision 276 Blackmar, Justice 416 Blacksmithing and tinsmithing, evening schools 552 Blind, see defectives Chicago Class with Blind Children (X) among the Seeing. New York Now Has Such Mixed Classes iS ir 1 o a W 5' ►d w tr !9 Board of education, members, regulations 7-9 Board of examiners, members, powers, duties 14, 155 reports 229-249 Board of health, see health Board of retirement, see retirement 14, 15, 425-428 Board of superintendents, committees 5-6, 16-17 members 10 organization 15 regulations 10 Bond issues, uses 152, 153, 156 Bookbinding, vacation school course 518 Bookkeeping, evening high schools 541, 552 Books, report of committee 259-262 Borglum, Gutzon 461 Botanical garden, experimental lectures at 201 Botany Instruction at First Hand for New York's Children Breathing defects, prevalence Brett, Anna, vs. board of education Brice, Hon. W. Kirkpatrick Britton. Dr. X. L Brooklyn evening technical and trade school, Brooklyn teachers' association, exhibits , Buchanan, John L., death 138 378 180 201 542 470 279 o E n S O t a a- O oj S3 <■ a -3 5 <3 o u Buildings, see accommodations. Separate report frequently il- lustrated, by superintendent of school buildings. Expendi- tures for repairs and operation, by board in special report Bureau of labor, reports illegal employment 370 Bureau of Municipal Research 144, 146, 147 Burnt wood, vacation schools, recommended 518 . Byrnes, J. C 14, 229-232 C "C" classes, see special classes Cabinet-making, evening schools 258, 542, 552 Campbell, William A 204, 211, 213 Cardiac diseases, prevalence 138 Carpentry, evening schools 542, 552 Casteneda, Senorita Estafania 446 Caswell, Albert S 479-483 Catton, Mary E., vs. board of education 379, 421 Certification, high school pupils 82 Chair caning, vacation schools 518 Chemistry, evening schools 133, 258, 542, 552 Chickering, John J 12 Child labor law 364 Children's court, co-operation 211, 212 diversities of practice 356 Citizenship and civics clubs in playgrounds 516 evening high and trade schools 521-523, 552 "good citizens" clubs in playgrounds 516 recreation centers 521 public duties, lessons on 188 school state 183 City history, vacation schools 520 City superintendent 10, 11, 13, 14, 15-162, 167, 178, 182, 191, 204, 216, 222, 229,233, 239, 246, 253, 259, 265, 273, 287, 338, 341, 351, 364, 377, 381, 399, 425, 431, 443, 446, 447, 448, 453, 465, 471, 479, 482, 484, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 498, 513, 523, 535, 555, 557, 561, 567, 568, 601, 602 Civil service, preparation for 541 Clark, Justice 415 Clarke, Sir C. Purdon 462 Classes, blind, recommended for 113, 162 part-time, see index pupils per teacher 23, 41-44 high schools 87 reduction in size 167, 168 work described 199 Clerical work by teachers 188, 202, 265, 268 Clerks, total salaries 156 Clubs, day schools 169-170 hospital league, branch of 183 recreation centers 521-522 pupil government 183 23 Colleges, high school graduates entering 284 Collins, Frank H 471-475 Commercial courses 75, 133, 541, 552, 556 Committees, board of superintendents 5-6, 16-17 compulsory education 17, 351-374 course of study 17, 253-262 defectives, classes for 17 evening schools 17, 535-557 high schools 17, 273-286 nomination, transfer and assignment 16, 265-269 records, forms and reports 17 school management 17 text books, libraries, supplies 17, 259-262, 503-509 trade and evening schools 121-126, 535-557 training schools 17, 341-348 vacation schools, recreation centers, etc 17, 513-532 vocational schools and defectives. . .17, 121-126, 535-557, 601-615 "Communal work" in P. S. 5 200 Comparison, similar classes tested 185 Composition, see English Compulsory education, see attendance 351-374 absences due to parental neglect 367 bureau of labor, cases reported by 371 changes in law recommended 363 commitments to truant schools 368 committee 17, 351-374 comparative statistics 357-360 courts and 354 district superintendents' work 371 evening school attendance 370 expenditure for enforcement 156, 160 illegal employment of children 366 June and September, inclusion recommended 363 law, definition recommended 363 non-attendants 369 number, children under 53 parental duty under, definition recommended 363 parental neglect 354-355 retardation and lower age limit 578 seventh year, inclusion, recommended 363 superintendent in charge 16 truancy, method of checking 168, 184 Conferences, teachers and principals 182,470,492,543 Congestion, see consolidation, part time Colliding, Miss Carrie W 468 Conlon, Mary A 43S Consolidation of schools, economical 35, 36, 179, 188, 202 Constructive work, see drawing 24 Making Jack a "Bright" Boy : Detroit 25 26 Cooking 491-494 chemical laboratories suggested for 492 conference of teachers 492 directors assigned 37 domestic science, a better title 493 elective in high school 276 evening high schools 258 extension of course recommended 492 licensing of teachers 100, 103 public school 79, Manhattan 176 salaries of teachers 154 salary increases deserved 492 Cord work, see sewing Cornell, Magistrate 355 Corporal punishment, restoration defeated 163 Corporate schools, expenditures for 155, 688-690 MB a ■ w •-. " V ■■■=■>: %c" <■ —■ ^ . Summer Outings for Corporate School Children Given by the New York Children's Aid Society, 105 P'ast 22nd Street, New York City Corrigan, Magistrate 355 Cost, see expenditures (educational records, as yet, show money spent, not cost incurred) Cost per capita, see per capita Coudert, Frederic R., commissioner 126 27 Course of study, committee 17, 253-262 architecture 258 culture 541 electives in high school 75 elementary schools 108 evening high school 541, 552 syllabuses, biology, Latin 276 Courts, see compulsory education, litigation Crampton, Dr. C. Ward 143-150, 438 Crane, Magistrate 355 Crippled children, see defectives Curtis, Miss Fanniebelle 448-449 Curtis, Miss Mary E 14 Cycle of teaching, recommended 108 D "D" classes, see special Damrosch, Dr 183 Darlington, Dr. Thomas R 144, 146,147,149 Davis, George S., resignation 18,167 Davis, John W | 12,191, 201 Davis, Miss 44S Deaths, summary 266 Barrows, Dr. Samuel J 183 Buchanan, John T 150, 279 Davis, Catherine V 151 Fairlamb, J. Remington 487 Goldey, William J 151 Griinenthal, Philip H 151 Johnson, Frank L 150 Decisions of courts, see litigation Decoration, school 206 Defectives, see physical defects, retardation 601-615 abnormal children reported 602-603 examined 601-603, 609-615 ages, by boroughs 58 blind, schools for, recommended 113, 162, 256 classes, number and register Ill classes, recreation centers 522 committee 17, 601-615 co-operation with hospitals needed 608 medical 605 cripples, classes 180 register and promotion 68 deaf and dumb 100, 113, 143, 239, 240 health conditions of 605 inspector, licenses 103 licenses 103, 239, 245 2S 2 9 u o be 30 Defectives — Continued mental, classes Ill nurses 112, 607-608 physical defects of 112 number 139 nurses 112, 607-608 register and promotion 68-72 study, by teachers recommended 112, 162 in training schools 162 teachers, assistant, licenses 103 overtaxed by visiting 605-606 salary increases 608 De Haven, Frank 461 Delineator, article by city superintendent 492 Dental school, graduates entering 284 Department of health, see health Dictionaries, needed in upper grades 260 Directors, see activities Design, industrial, in evening trade school 542 Discipline, see attendance Dismissals, number, sex and grade 266 Dispensaries, co-operation with schools 608 Districts 11, 12, 16 District superintendents 12-13, 371, 513, 535, 543 Divisions of city for school administration 16 districts 16 superintendents' names 16 reports , 107, 167-225 Domestic arts, evening high schools 133, 541 kitchens, need of more 103-107 speedy placing 276 work, sufficient provision for 222 Domestic science, see domestic arts evening high schools 133, 541, 552 Donnelly, Samuel B 126 Drawing and constructive work 453-475 alternatives, recommended 455 architectural, evening schools 502, 542, 552 directors, assignment 37 conferences, teachers' 470 course, changes 108 craft classes for especially skilled pupils 463-464 defects of teaching 471, 472, 474 departmental teaching, recommended 473 evening high schools 133, 502, 541, 542, 552 exhibitions 469-470, 474 free hand, evening schools 552 grammar grades, unsatisfactory 471 improvement 176 licenses renewed and made permanent 100, 103 3i Drawiug — Continued limited time and material 455 mechanical, advance 461 for trade schools 542 statistics, evening schools 552 museums used 4G1-462 salaries 54 scholarships, special talent 404 shops, number 453, 454. 465, 471 staff, changes in 468 teachers, deficient 472 more recommended 39, 466, 472 special, number 471 vocational training 456, 458 workshops, new 468 schools without 468 7i " m Combining Cinderella and Drawing Lessons in New York City Dressmaking, in evening high schools 258, 552 Droege, Magistrate 355 Dwyer. John 12, 191, 199 E "E" classes, see special Economies, consolidation 35, 36, 179, 188, 202 class duty by teachers 190, 268 Edsall, James M 12 Edson, Andrew W 269, 341 Education, board of, members, regulations 7-9 Electricity, courses 133, 253, 542, 552 Elementary schools, ages of pupils 52, 54-59, 60, 65 ages, number above normal 60 attendance 23, 43 3 2 Elementary Schools — Continued buildings 18-20 needed 51 new 20-22 used by high schools 34 consolidation 35, 36, 188, 202 course of study, changes 108, 253 enrollment 24, 41, 43 equipment, special, by schools 627 expenditure, per capita 154, 159 graduates 65, 66, 74, 77 heads of departments 23 libraries 25, 111 licenses for teaching 98, 102 part-time, see index principals, number of 23, 35 promotion of pupils 68-73 pupils per teacher 23, 43 register 23, 30-34, 39, 40, 43 sittings compared with register 22, 30-34 statistics, general 626-687 teachers, number of 23, 35, 36 Elementary evening schools, see evening Elgas, Matthew J 17, 12, 535-557 Eligible lists 14 Employment certificate, conditions of granting 364-365 number children applying 364 preparation in "D" classes 168, 198 vacation school aid 517 English as study, applicants deficient in 235, 238 composition ; 169 contests 200 out-of-school correspondence 181 school quarterly 224 critical state in schools 238 evening schools 552 foreigners study, evening schools 540 high and trade schools, evening 552 normal classes, evening, urged 556 reading, literarj^ gems at assembly exercises 183 methods, McC'loskey 175 nature culture series 171 Newark 169 Ward .' 175 phonetic drills 224 separate tests for teachers 238 spelling, list of 2,000 words 176 vacation schools 517 English speaking adults, evening schools 544-546 Enlarged glands, prevalence 138 35 Enrollment, see attendance, register all schools, increase by boroughs 25 compared with population 27 defined 25, 537 increase since 1903 and per cent 2G net, all schools, increase 22 Epileptics should be excluded 432 Equal pay 269 Equipment needed 105-107, 174, 217, 557 Ethical instruction 10S-111 "Ettinger part-time plan," results 173 Evans, Admiral 181 Evening elementary schools, attendance 24, 538, 548, 552 borough distribution 129 enrollment 24, 535, 539, 544-54(5 expenditures 155, 156, 160, 553 foreigners, study English 540 lectures for 540 industrial schools 53G, 537 extension recommended 543 for negroes 543 janitors' salaries 553 number 24, 535, 536 per capita expenditure, complete, not computed 157 register 548, 552 salaries, janitors, principals, teachers 155, 553 supplies, expenditures for 553 teachers, number, salaries 24, 155 term, longer, recommended 536 waiting list 537 Evening high and trade schools, register and attendance 551 subjects, respective, register and attendance 552 Evening high schools 535, 536, 547 attendance 538, 547 civil service, preparation for 541 commercial subjects 541 Cooper Union, pupils prepared for 541 courses of study, changes 258, 541 culture, general 541 diplomas given 542 domestic art and science 541 expenditures for 155, 160, 553-554 normal classes recommended 554-556 per capita expenditure, complete, not computed 157 register 547, 551 registration, more scientific 555-556 supplies 553 Evening high school teachers' association vs. bd. of ed 414 Evening recreation centers, see recreation 36 k I d o i-t K m >-* rt u H (Tl A U rfl o o JH - u m Efl u 3 C < T3 n w 3 C u -I s >. n - Pm — - nj z; en c OJ CO _!■■- — a-3 ■> H ■\ i -< J>e5k T — ( ? 1 V J \ f ** 1 n V $1 J 1 T 1 nL J 5> N L, 4' 1 — i *S N n i ' J J ' . J, i i br , , 1 1 '1 . B— -H u g [^ -f] Y r* L 1 *^ i i 7 Y !* I I n r ~\ 1 X L_ o J ( i ' f- o i i \ I f ( T * i 1 r i Y % 1 II J J L u ^ — ¥ ¥ 5 1 > I* 1 IT Plan or Standard School-room, showing Location of lights. For an Excellent Study of Lighting, School Room Colors, etc., See the 1907 Report, Boston 5i M McCabe, James J 12 McCloskey reading method » 171, 175 McHench, Mary J., vs. board of education 11G, 397-399 Mclhtyre, Charles 421 McMurray reading method 171 McNulty, Cecelia J., vs. Maxwell 11G, 399-404 Machine shop practice 258, 542, 552 Maddox, Judge 380, 381, 416 Malnutrition, prevalence 138 school lunches to remedy 140, 165 ungraded class children 606 Manhattan truant school 361 Manual training, see cooking, drawing, industrial, vocational assignment of directors 37 communal work 176 licenses 239 change in requirements recommended 243 purposes 457 vacation schools 518 vocational training, relation to 456 Marean, Justice 379 Marking, abuse 218 high school, change recommenced 291 Mathematics, see arithmetic 287-337, 541, 552 evening preparation for Cooper Union 541 Maxwell, William H., see city superintendent Mechanical drawing, advance in 461 evening schools, statistics 552 trade schools 542 Mechlin, Miss Madeleine G. W., vs. board of education. .. .116, 404-406 Medical inspection, see hygiene Medical school, graduates entering 284 Meleney, Clarence E 15, 16, 17, 204-215, 259-262 Mental defectives, see defectives children examined 139, 601-615 hospitals' co-operation needed 60S investigation recommended 608 reports, adequate, recommended 601 teachers should understand 1 12, 162 should have higher pay 608 training school curriculum 112 ungraded classes 601, 609-615 Men teachers, no definite policy 269 nominated since 1904 266 Merrill, Miss Jenny B 443-447 Millinery 258, 552 Model schools, use by training schools 346 52 53 Moore, Miss Frances E., vs. board of education 406-409,421 Moran, Miss Kate L., vs. board of education 115, 391 Morris, Eugene C 480 Morris, George, vs. board of education 116,409-414 Moscow polytechnic school 454 Moss, Magistrate 355 Mothers' clubs, see parents' meetings Murphy, Miss N. Ruth, vs. board of education 391 Museums, trips to 170, 183 Nature Study in New York's Museum of Natural History. To Symbolize the Absence of Restraint the Elephant is Dubbed "Teacher" Music 479-487 assignment of directors 37 comment of teachers on 480-481,484-485 course, covers regents' requirements 482 readjustment recommended 486-487 defectives, good effect on 481, 486 departmental plan recommended 479, 486 dulcitone recommended 482 54 55 Music -Continued evening normal classes needed 556 expenditures for , 154 increase in pupils 479 licenses 100, 103, 246, 249 orchestras, voluntary 485-486 organs for ungraded classes 482 salaries for teachers 154 special teachers, more needed 485 uniform tests recommended 486 N Nash, Dr. G. V 201 Nature study 171, 176, 224, 519 Educational Trips to New York City's Zoological Garden Nautical school 156, 160, 561-563 Negroes, evening industrial school 543 Nervous diseases, prevalence 13S, 606 Net enrollment, see enrollment Newark method of reading 169 Newsboy Law 354 New York Catholic protectory 361 Noises, suppression of unnecessary 254 Nomination, transfer and assignment 16, 265-269 Non-attendants, see compulsory education, truancy Norcutt, Miss Lottie A 177 56 . mm ~ "i i . -7* - f t> '*»%•* Jjs^ Wkititm [W \ .*<**' 1'' '§ [T! ~fBp] '.- '^wT^ ' ' IT jM re - 3 C to p to £-" IS * 52 -- fi n> O £ S 5" re 3 E P JH 57 Normal college, h. s. graduates entering 284 Number of pupils, see attendance, classes, enrollment, register Nurses, ungraded classes, recommended 112, 608 O O'Brien, Stephen 421 O'Brien, Thomas S 15,16,17, 114, 115,182-190, 377-421, 425-428 O'Connell, Jerome A 14, 239-245 O'Gorman, Judge 387 Ohmstede, Emil C, vs. board of education 387 Open air playgrounds, see playgrounds Orcutt, Miss Hortense M 443 O'Reilly, Magistrate 355 Orr, Miss Mary Moore 206 Orthopaedic defects, prevalence 138 O'Shea, William J 12 Over age children, see retardation P Palmer, A. Emerson 7 Parental school, occupancy anticipated 36G Parents', meetings 171, 183, 212, 213 neglect, absences due to 367 Park, trips to 170 Part time 45, 47-50, 167, 178, 192-195, 216, 223 "Ettinger plan" 173 schools having 618-687 Payne, Miss Bertha 445 Peckham, Miss Ruth 607 Penmanship 170, 172, 184, 199, 218, 222, 225, 256 "Penny Theatres," cause of truancy 352 Pensions 113-115, 425-428 Per capita expenditure, see activities and topics all schools 157-162 Physical defects, see defectives, hygiene, retardation ages of children having 586,590, 592 normal and above normal 589 decrease with age 588, 594-596 fewer in backward children, reasons 588,595 grades, distributed by 586, 591 medical co-operation, means of obtaining 605 mental defectives 605 number having 138-139 retardation, relation to 61, 63, 137-140, 585 sex, per cent, by 593 5§ Crippled Children Off for a Drive Little Joe at Sea Breeze Little Joe's Smile Gave an Impetus to Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis Everywhere by Adding the Child's Appeal for the Destruction of the White Plague. Crippled Children at School Generally Mean Tuberculosis at Their Homes. For Informa- tion Address Sea Breeze Hospital for Children Suffering from Bone Tuberculosis, Coney Island, or Crippled Children's Driving Fund, 105 East 22nd Street, New York City 59 One of New York's Three School Boats for Tuberculous Children A Ferryboat Class of Tuberculous Children 60 V # 1 -k f6> ^r&aidil k 4 Card of Pictures for Testing Vision of Children Who Cannot Read Dr. S. W. Newmaver, Philadelphia 6i Physical examinations, see detectives, hygiene, retardation children examined ungraded classes department of health criticised truants Physical training assignment of directors department, should teach hygiene equipment inadequate in high schools folk dancing gymnasiums give new impetus high schools licenses, needs of, for thorough efficiency personal hygiene problems listed syllabus revised teachers, enough to cover all schools needed Physics 133, 258, 287-337, 541-542, Pierce, Miss Francis B Playgrounds, vacation schools, recreation centers afternoon 525, all day 514 attendance 24, 136 ; .138-139 609 141-150 365 431-439 37 439 436 439 225 435-438 39,439 437-438 432 433 435 439 552, 556 471 513-532 527,529 524-525 524-530 'Baborak" (Bohemian Folk Dance) at the National Playground Association's Second Congress. Pittsburgh, 1908 62 63 Playgrounds — Continued baths 136, 517 evening roof 516, 525 excursions 515 exhibits 516 expenditures 155, 161 "Good Citizen" clubs 516 indoor 530 manual training in 518 mothers' and babies' 515 per capita expenditure 161 schools having 527-529 statistics 524-532 supplies, handling of 514 Plumbing 258, 542, 552 Plus classes 198 Political science, see history and, citizenship Popularization of schools 171, 183, 212-213 MONSTER SCHOOL BOND RALLY TO-DAY 8000 School Children March in Stirring Pageant to Mass Meeting $100 WILL BUY SHARE IN SCHOOL BOND [$720,000 FOR SCHOOL ACCOMMODATIONS] 400 Pack Auditorium from Pit to Dome — Los Angeles Examiner \ Sept . 24, 1909 An Example of the Schools' Appeal 64 66 Upright columns represent number of children at each age; hatched portions the number in private and parochial schools; black portions the number not in any school School Census Results in Springfield, Mass. as Graphically Shown in " Laggards in Our Schools " by Mr. Leonard P. Ayres, Russell Sage Foundation Population, compared with enrollment 27-28 Powers, Minnie M., vs. board of education 414, 421 Principals 23, 34, 97-98, 102-103, 150-152, 177, 246-248, 266 evening schools, conferences 543 names 618-687 salaries 154, 553 special classes, should form more 64 Printing and typesetting 552 Private institutions, care of truants in 362 Promotion by grades 68-73 rapid .173, 198 teachers' continuance with classes 188 Public Education Association 176 Public lectures, see lectures Pulmonary diseases, prevalence 138 Punctuality, good averages 184 Pupil government, see citizenship 67 Qualifications and examinations for licenses 229-249 Reading, see English, libraries Readjustment of schools 187, 191 Recommendations (130 here indexed to 17G places) abnormal children, systematic study 605, G08 accommodations, elementary 51, 177, 179, 193-195, 204-206,217,273 high schools, additions 93-94, 274 two new 94 Jamaica training school, addition 345 Wadleigh annex, move 276 art talent, developing 464 attendance officers' work reorganized 373 attendance school 205 blind, classes for 113,162 One Occupation in Which the Blind Succeed : New York Association 68 Tf Pb > hd pu re Cb i-l n n 3 co E? 0) X >! n a> & 5 n o < 0) o < K B IW gi» in ^ B CO CLi fl) £g> 8> o <-► i-t vo a ?°^ jj- TJ 0) ^ a l-H O i-l S 69 '/) +2 !? ■ H v " 8 Bn hi 1. •■ 1 1 % 1 I 1 L!i ' IE? _**. -$' CT|s • 5* <*fl^ f •fc^T^ * <«"& ' - "^f ^1 v« ... f •<** m ■33 i**--J''M L 1 i For Facts Regarding Summer Classes, Recreation Centers, and Individual Instruction for New York City Mothers, Address the Department of Education, 59th Street and Park Avenue, and the Division of Child Hygiene, 55th Street and Sixth Avenue Recreation Centers — Continued committee -. .17, 513-532 debates 521 expenditures 154, 15G, 1G2 foreigners, read aloud 522 misrepresentations corrected 522 visitors, commend 522 funds, shortage" 137 gymnastic training 521 literary programs 521 number 520 per capita expenditure 162 reformatory agency 521 salaries 155 substitute for evil resorts 520 session 520 social functions 521 study rooms 522 Rector, Miss 174 ■' , 77 Christmas Tree Actually Found in a New York Home Shows Opportunity for School's Cooperation with Organized Charity. Loaned by Children's Aid Society 78 Register, see attendance, enrollment 22-24, 73 compared with sittings 31-34 definition ." 537 expenditure, per capita basis 157-158 high school, by boroughs 286 statistics, detailed 618-690 Regulations of board of education 9 retirement 14 superintendents 10 Reigart, John F 506 Relief work for poor 181, 224 Repairs, expenditures 156 fire 48 Reports, see topics and table of contents Resignations 18, 167,266, 279 Retardation, see defectives aid through vocational training 126 Ayres, Leonard P., investigation by ....61-05,144-145,567-598 causes 575 conclusions 596 home visiting 607 investigation 61-65, 567-598 nationalities, relation to 583-584, 597 physical defects, of retarded fewer than of normal.... 588 relation to 585 * physical examination, those having 587 time in grades by terms 581 time in school by grades 580 transfers, effect 581-585, 597 vacation school classes 137 Retirement 14, 15, 151-152, 425-428 Richman, Julia 12, 388 Rix, Frank A 484-487 Roberts, Miss Hester A 438 Rogers, Miss Josephine C 14 Rollins, Dr. Frank, resignation 279 Roof playgrounds 514, 525-530 Rooms, vacated to safeguard against fire 46 Royal college of art encourages talent 464 Rusby, Dr. H. H 201 Russell Sage Foundation, investigation of retardation 61-65,567-598 Ryan, John Henry, vs. board of education 415 79 V 3 a C cS a >> o 8o s Salaries, see expenditures, activities insufficient 245, 278, 448, 492, 608 Schauffler, Alfred T 12, 183-i86 Scholarships for pupils of artistic talents 464 School gardens 170, 176, 223, 225, 519 School management, see committee 17 School supplies 156, 160, 514, 523 School year, duration 20 Science, addition to course 254 Self government, see citizenship Sewing, see manual training 491-499 after-hours instruction 496 defectives' work 496 departmental instruction 498 expenditures 154 extension recommended 163, 496 garments made 499 licenses 239, 244 Shallow, Edward B 15, 16, 17, 178-181, 351-374 Shiels, Albert 12 Shimer, Edgar Dubs 12 Shopwork 222, 225, 542 Singing, see music assembly 183 festival 180 Sites, see accommodations 156, 179, 193, 217 Sittings, see part time 30-34 boroughs 32 districts 32 new buildings 20-22 schools 627-688 Skin diseases, prevalence 138 Smart, Dr. Isabelle Thompson 608 Smith, George J 14, 246-249 Social work, by teachers 181, 224 "Society for improvement of negroes" 543 Spanish, evening high and trade schools 552 Special, branches 36, 100, 155, 266, 439, 485 classes "C", "D", "E" 58, 59, 61, 64, 168, 196 equipment lacking 219 for foreigners, justified 177, 207 increase needed 64 one-third who fail 208-211 supervision 219 subjects, girls in vacation schools 519 Spelling, see English Spencer, Miss Mary 468 Spooner, Commissioner, 515, 562 8i The top chart shows in black how many in each hundred pupils reach the highest elementary grade. The middle chart shows how many of each thousand began when six years old. The bottom chart shows how many of each thousand remained until 15 years old. (* Colored schools) School Mortality and Survival in 39 Cities as Shown by "Laggards in Our Schools" 82 State department of education, officers 10 State examinations in high schools, discussed 93 Statistics, see activities and topics assistant recommended for superintendent 65, 162 Stenography, evening high school 541, 552 Stereopticon, commended 169, 174, 225 Stern, Abraham 14 Stevens, Edward L 10, 15, 1G, 17, 273-286, 338 Stevens, Plowden, Jr 201 Stevenson, Miss Beulah E 468 Stewart, Seth T 204, 206, 212, 213, 214 Stitt, Edward W 12, 178, 181 Strachan, Miss Grace C 12, 157, 204, 207, 212, 214 Straubenmuller, Gustave 15, 16, 17, 167-177, 222-225, 253-258, 535 Students' aid to employment 280 Study hall experiment 173 Substitute teachers clerical work, number performing 265 supply insufficient 189 Sullivan, Cornelius J 14 Sullivan, M. J 126 Summer playgrounds, see playgrounds Summer schools, high, recommended 94, 162 immigrants, evening, recommended 136 Superintendents, board cf, members 10, 15 committees 5-6, 16-17 district, list 12 division, notice of reports 107 number of 23 reports, see contents salaries, total : 155 Supervision, advance in, conferences 182 evening schools 543 teachers' attitude favorable towards 189 Supervisors, list, number 16, 35 numerical relation to teachers 35 Supplies 17, 156, 259-262, 514, 523, 553 Syllabuses, see course of study T Taylor, Joseph S 12, 191, 200, 201 Teachers, see activities advise pupils selecting h. s. course 75 clerks returned to class work 190, 202, 265 cycle of teaching, recommended 108 improvement, studies 112, 214 insight deepened by special classes 168, 208 litigation 115, 377-421 men, suggested distribution 268 §3 8 4 necrology 150-151,427 nominations since 1905 , 265 physicians examine candidates 14 promotions, elementary schools 265 pupils per 23, 41-44, 87 retired 151-152, 427 superfluous 221 supervision of special 219 supply sufficient 269 visits, to homes overtaxing 608 to other schools 214 Technical courses, see industrial 75 Teeth defective, prevalence 139, 606 Text books, libraries and supplies 17, 207, 259-262 Tilden, Joseph M., vs. board of education 415 Tonsils, enlarged, prevalence 139, 606 Trade schools, see evening, industrial, vocational committee 121-126, 535-557 Training schools for teachers attendance 23, 41, 95 buildings, new 22 committee 17, 341-348 co-operation with teachers 214 expenditure 155, 159-160 graduates 96 high school graduates applying to 336 kindergarten course discontinued 348 model schools, method of using ; 346 per capita expenditure 159, 160 statistics .- 618-625 Transfer, nomination and assignment 16, 265-269 Transfer of pupils, effect on retardation 63-64, 584-585, 597 conditions attending bettered 64 Transportation problems for Brooklyn h. s 281 Truancy, see compulsory attendance 351-374 cases few 168 causes 352 checking methods 168 classes in District 1 168 comparative statistics 363-372 maintenance of truants 361 "newsboy law" 354 physical examination 365 private institutions, expenditure 361 special squads of officers 351, 353 truant schools 103, 239, 362 truants, per capita expenditure 160, 361, 363 85 u-v Ungraded classes, see defectives, retardation Vacation playgrounds, see playgrounds Vacation schools art room influences all classes 519 attendance 24, 136, 517, 524-532 backward children, classes for 137 basketry, advance in 518 bookbinding added to course 518 burnt wood work, extension recommended ~>ix chair covering 51S city history study 520 excursions to landmarks 520 committee 17, 513-532 connecting classes 519 deficient pupils aided 517 discipline 520 English classes 137, 517 expenditure 161, 514 gardens 519 girls, special subjects for 519 kindergartens 519 leather modeling, extension recommended 518 manual training 518 mercantile papers 517 nature study and gardens 519 number 517, 529 per capita expenditure 161 schools having 529-531 teachers, number 517, 529-531 specialists 520 term, length 517 Venetian iron work 518 wood work flourishing 518 Van Laer, Alexander T 461 Ventilating, teachers to understand 187 Vision, defective, prevalence 138 Visitors frequent 174 Vocational training, see industrial, trade, manual 117-128 committee 17, 117-128 courses, plan 128, 458 evening schools 543 high school mortality and 91 manufacturers, co-operation with 127 manual training 456 schools 17,25, 121-126, 128, 163, 535-557 skilled workmen 127 trade schools 177 trades unions, co-operation with 127 86 J3: o 3 NUV W-Y Wade, Joseph H 12 Walsh, John H 15, 16, 17, 216-221, 513 Walsh, Magistrate 355 Ward, Mrs. Humphrey, commends evening centers 522-523 Ward method of reading 172, 175 Weaver, E. W 280 \\ i myss-Burns, Miss U. E 481 Westchester temporary home 361 Whitney, Miss Evangeline E 12, 137, 513-532 Wilkin, Judge 356 Williams, Miss Anna W 448 Williams, Miss C. Augusta 471 W'illiams, Miss Mary C 491-494 Winthrop, Egerton L., Jr., president 7, 14 Woman's health protective league 516 W T ood, Howell R., vs. board of education 117, 416 Wood work, vacation schools 518 Working papers, see employment certificate Workshops, see vocational training equipment recommended in detail 253 location on top floor recommended 253 need for more L03 schools without 105-107,123 Yerbury, Charles S 480 School Playground : Newark, N J. IfcFe '10 / ■BiaiBBC^ni Illustrated Guide to School Subjects of Interest Price, 25 Cents BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH 261 Broadway \ New York November, 1909 CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 3 Topical Index to the Tenth Annual Report for New York City Schools (690 pp.). Issued by the City Superintendent in March, 1909, for the School Year Ending July 31, 190S ■ . 15 BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH January, 1906 Organized as "Bureau of City Betterment" May, 1907 Incorporated as "Bureau of Municipal Research" PURPOSES To promote efficient and economical municipal government; to promote the adoption of scientific methods of accounting and of reporting the details of municipal business, with a view to facilitating the work of public officials; to secure constructive publicity in matters pertaining to municipal problems ; to collect, to classify, to analyze, to correlate, to interpret and to publish facts as to the administration of municipal government. (Articles of Incorporation) PRINCIPAL REPORTS, JANUARY, 1906 to OCTOBER, 1909 8 A Department of Municipal Audit and Examination 30c. 9 Making a Municipal Budget ; Functional Accounts and Records for the Department of Health 60c. 1 1 The Park Question, Part I, Critical Study and Constructive Suggestions Pertaining to Administrative and Accounting Methods of the Department of Parks: Manhattan and Richmond $1.10 12 The Park Question, Part II, Critical Study and Constructive Suggestions Pertaining to Revenue and Deposits of the Department of Parks : Manhattan and Richmond 60c. 13 Memorandum of Matters Relating to New York City's Debt that Suggest the Necessity either for Judicial Ruling or for Legislation 30c. 14 Bureau of Child Hygiene 40c. 15 Questions Answered by School Reports as They Are 16 New York City's Debt : Facts and Law Relating to the Constitutional Limitation of New York's Indebtedness 35c. 17 Collecting Water Revenues: Methods Employed by the Bureau of Water Register, Manhattan, with Suggestions for Reorganization 50C. Digest of same, free on application 18 What Should New York's Next Mayor Do ? 10c 19 School Progress and School Facts 25c. 20 Tenement House Administrati on : Steps Taken to Locate and to Solve Problems of Enforcing the Tenement House Law 50c. Digest, free on application 21 What Should New York's Next Comptroller Do ? 5c. 22 Business Methods of New York City's Police Department $1.00 23 How Should Public Budgets Be Made ? 10c. REPORTS IN PROGRESS, OCTOBER, 1909 First Year's Test of Division of Child Hygiene Real Estate Transactions, Department of Finance Series of Reports : New York as Revenue Producer, as Budget Maker, as Operator of Shops, etc. The Administration of the Civil Service Law Administrative Aspects of the City Debt