Information 
 
 ... ABOUT ... 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 PortsmoutH 
 
 BerKley 
 
 Virginia 
 AND VICINITY 
 
 THe THree Cities -wKose in- 
 d\jistrial ^ro-wtH and common 
 commercial interests bid fair 
 to res\ilt, tKroxj^H civic union, 
 in ^wKat nxay be called 
 
 Greater NorfolK. 
 
■•I 
 
 ISSUED BY THE 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE 
 
 AND 
 
 BUSINESS MEN^S ASSOCIATION 
 
 OF 
 
 NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. 
 1905. 
 
 H. N. CASTLE, 
 
 Statistician. 
 
 Burke & Gregory, Print. Norfolk, 
 
FOREWORD. 
 
 Some time between 1630 and 1649, upon 
 the banks of the Elizabeth river and its 
 branches, all being arms of the Chesapeake 
 bay, in the extreme southeastern part of 
 the state, the earliest settlers of Tidewater 
 Virginia made their homes. From these 
 early settlements there came into being lit- 
 tle towns, which have grown since that pe- 
 riod into connected settlements, still bear- 
 ing different names, but practically united 
 by one community of interests. 
 
 The oldest charter granted was to 'Nor- 
 folk Borough, issued in 1736, and supersed- 
 ed by the *city charter in 1845. ^^ 1752, 
 Portsmouth was incorporated as a city, and 
 in 1890 Berkley obtained its charter as a 
 city. While these are the principal cities, 
 others have grown up, such as West Nor- 
 folk, South Norfolk, Port Norfolk, Lam- 
 berts Point, Pinners Point, Sewells Point, 
 Huntersville, Tanners Creek and others, all 
 component parts of one residential and 
 business community. As we now hear of 
 the Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, 
 of Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond as in- 
 tegral parts of "Greater New York," so 
 in the near future we shall hear of the Bor- 
 oughs of Norfolk, of Portsmouth and of 
 Berkley as component parts of what we 
 may for convenience call ''Greater Nor- 
 folk." 
 
As imperceptibly the boundaries of the 
 separate communities have become merged 
 in their residential and industrial union, so 
 in time will come their corresponding 
 civic union. 
 
 A little more re-adjustment, a little more 
 blending of interests, the realization that 
 will finally come, that a united city of 
 125,000 people can save in the marketing of 
 its bonds, from one to two per cent, over 
 what can be obtained by the separate cities ; 
 the realization that the city expenses can 
 be minimized and its improvements enlarg- 
 ed under one governing and controlling 
 head — then "Greater Norfolk," ''The 
 Golden Gate of the Atlantic," "The 
 'New York of the South," will be an ac- 
 complished fact in its civic union, as it has 
 already become in its industrial life. 
 
 The great lumber and fertilizer interests 
 of Portsmouth and Berkle}^ are intertwined 
 with the financial interests of Norfolk. 
 
 The manufacturers and jobbers of Nor- 
 folk supply the wants of the Berkley and 
 Portsmouth merchants and residents, and 
 all three cities alike are proiud of the 
 ''Norfolk Navy Yard," on the Ports- 
 mouth side of the river, the largest in 
 area and destined to be the largest in im- 
 portance in the United States. 
 
 Eight great trunk lines of railway have 
 their terminals located, some on one side of 
 the river, some on the other, and all 
 connected by a uniting Belt line. The Trans- 
 Atlantic and Coast Steamship lines have 
 their wharves on both sides of the river ; so 
 
while for convenience and comparison, the 
 figures of the three largest cities will be 
 given separately, as well as combined, yet 
 it should be borne in mind that they are 
 parts of ONE composite whole, of ONE 
 business community. Their civic union is 
 merely a matter of time and compelling 
 necessity. 
 
 Nature has been lavish in the opportuni- 
 ties offered to make this section the great 
 distributing point of exports and imports, 
 for nowhere between the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence and the Gulf of Mexico is there lo- 
 cated so commodious a harbor, such an 
 abundance of anchorage ground, such 
 splendid dockage facilities. No harbor up- 
 on the Atlantic coast is so near the great 
 North-Western, Central and South-Wesl- 
 ern manufacturing cities of St. Paul, Chi- 
 cago, Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis and 
 Kansas City and their contributing terri- 
 tory, and it is the natural outlet for their 
 products and for the great grain growing 
 and cattle raising districts. 
 
 Within twelve hours ride of Greater 
 Norfolk are the agricultural and manu- 
 ufacturing products of 21,000,000 of people, 
 and within twenty-four hours ride there live 
 and move and have their being and in- 
 dustrial life 39,000,000 people. The expan- 
 sive growth of the South will probably 
 show in the next census, that within 
 twenty-four hours ride of Greater 'Norfolk 
 there will be fully one-half the population, 
 and over half the manufacturing industries. 
 
 All indications point with certainty to 
 
the conclusion that as the South and South- 
 west turn from a purely agricultural sec- 
 tion to the development also of mines and 
 manufactories, the concentration of rail- 
 roads at Norfolk, will make it the port for 
 a vast commerce, and just as the develop- 
 ment of the West and Middle West have 
 built up New York, Philadelphia and Bal- 
 timore, so the development of the South 
 and Southwest will build up Greater Nor- 
 folk. She has had her ups and downs, her 
 periods of progress and disaster, but 
 through it all there has been an evolving 
 advance. 
 
 An optimistic feeling of present strength 
 and future greatness has always inspired 
 her citizens, which augurs much for her 
 ultimate destiny. 
 
 THE HARBOR. 
 
 Connected by electric lines, ferries and 
 railroads with all points on its shores, 
 Hampton Roads becomes the larger har- 
 bor for Greater Norfolk and the cities of 
 the Roads, Newport News, Hampton and 
 Old Point, aggregating a total population 
 of 1 60,000 to 165,000. 
 
 The outer harbor contains an anchor- 
 age ground of forty to fifty square miles, cr 
 nearly 40,000 acres with a depth of fifty 
 feet, while the Elizabeth River and its 
 branches form the smaller or inner harbor 
 with a depth of about thirty feet, and 
 cover about 1,000 acres, which dredging is 
 steadily increasing. 
 
About thirty miles of wharf front are 
 now available, and when the smaller 
 branches are dredged there will be an avail- 
 able water front of sixty to sixty-five miles 
 out of a total port warden's line on Hampton 
 Roads of approximately one hundred miles, 
 constituting one of The Best Harbors in 
 THE World, large enough and deep enough 
 to float, at one time, all the navies of the 
 world. 
 
 Already the Captains of Industry have 
 selected Hampton Roads as the great ship- 
 ping point for that commodity, indispen- 
 sable to industrial life — coal — and its next 
 door neighbor, lumber; and who may fore- 
 tell what the future shall bring forth, 
 when these same Captains of Industry have 
 eliminated the transshipment expenses of 
 the products of the iron furnaces of Vir- 
 ginia, Tennessee and Georgia, and of the 
 coal mines of Virginia and West Virginia 
 and their united i^roduct, the steel rails of 
 Maryland and Pennsylvania mills and 
 combining the iron and the coal, at the 
 point of their natural convergence in the 
 great steel works upon the shores of Hamp- 
 ton Roads, return the steel rails, to build 
 the railways of the South and the South- 
 west in the same cars that brought the raw 
 products; and when there shall be brought 
 to the smelting works of Greater Norfolk, 
 the lead and zinc, the copper and tin, the 
 silver and gold ores of Virginia, Tennessee, 
 North and South Carolina, who may limit 
 the possibilities of industrial growth? That 
 these are more than mere possibilities of 
 
realization is not unknown to those in 
 
 closest touch with the ground-swell of 
 
 progress that has shown its strength in 
 the increased industrial activity. 
 
 This is the central and pivotal portion 
 of a great internal water-way system, ex- 
 tending from New York to South Caro- 
 lina. It is a port that remains free from ice 
 and open from the begiiining to the end of 
 the year. It is nearest to the great agri- 
 cultural and manufacturing districts of the 
 West. It is the most accessible port to the 
 great coal and mineral fields of Virginia, 
 West Virginia and the natural shipping 
 port of those products of Tennessee, North 
 and South Carolina. It is the center of a 
 district containing the hardwoods of the 
 North and South, and of the Southern pine. 
 It is the center of the greatest trucking dis- 
 trict of the country. It is the terminus of 
 eight great trunk railway lines and will be 
 the terminus of another. It is equipped 
 with warehouses and docks of magnificent 
 proportions that will compare favorably 
 with those of Boston, New York, Phila- 
 delphia and Baltimore. It is the most con- 
 venient point of distribution of these varied 
 products of the fields, the forests and the 
 mines and of manufactured products of 
 every kind and description. Well may one 
 ask to what extent this port will grow, 
 when what is already so great, appears to 
 be but the beginning of the growth. 
 
CLIMATE. 
 
 "Greater Norfolk" is located in lati- 
 tude 36 degrees and 50 minutes, north, and 
 in longitude 76 degrees and 19 minutes, 
 west, and is surrounded by arms of the 
 sea which render more equable the heat of 
 summer and the cold of winter. It is 
 blessed with a climate so delightful, so 
 mild and healthful, ^that sunstroke is almost 
 unknown, and very rarely in the coldest 
 days of winter have there been deaths from 
 extraordinary exposures to cold. Penetrat- 
 ed by the salt air from the ocean, and 
 washed by the tides which rise to a height 
 of three to five feet, it has always been free 
 from climatic complaints that have trou- 
 bled other portions of the country not so 
 advantageously situated. 
 
 Such a climate is of incalculable value, 
 not only in the prevailing healthfulness of 
 its citizens, but also in the economic sav- 
 ing of expense through the uniformity of 
 conditions in the agricultural and manufac- 
 turing industries; and in these days when 
 profits are calculated by the fraction of a 
 cent upon a large output, small savings 
 often are controlling factors in producing 
 or augmenting dividends to satisfied stock- 
 holders. 
 
 When a high maximum temperature is 
 reached, usually of one day's occurrence, it 
 is uniformly followed by a "breathing 
 spell" of cooler weather, accompanied by re- 
 freshing showers; when, in exceptional 
 years, a low minimum temperature occurs, 
 
it is followed by a rising temperature of nor- 
 mal, comfortable weather. 
 
 Tables I to VI, covering- a period of fif- 
 teen years, show an average maximum 
 temperature of 9747 degrees ; an average 
 minimum temperature of 13.13 degrees; 
 and an average mean of 59.27 degrees for 
 this entire period, accompanied by an aver- 
 age precipitation of 46.27 inches. This is 
 the best evidence of uniformity of tempera- 
 ture and bountiful rainfall. 
 
 THE PEOPLE. 
 
 The descendants of the hardy settlers 
 contemporaneous with Captain John Smith 
 and his associates, followed by the Cavaliers 
 that settled in Virginia, are to be found, 
 now as then, foremost in the business, 
 social, religious and political affairs. 
 
 From them have sprung those who have 
 made for themselves names that are point- 
 ed at with pride in the conduct of state and 
 national affairs. Though known as the 
 ''Mother of States" because of the settle- 
 ment of the newer lands by her children, all 
 were not tempted to leave their birthright 
 of fair lands and fair skies, nor to leave a 
 state that has been the "Mother of Presi- 
 dents" as well as being foremost in the 
 making of American history. 
 
 After the conclusion of the Civil war, 
 many from the North, who had seen these 
 fertile fields, had lived in the comfortable 
 climate and had learned to know the ster- 
 ling worth of its people, and who had seen 
 
the great business opportunities ofifered in 
 the development of its resources and in the 
 rehabilitation of its industries, came and 
 cast their lot with the people of the South ; 
 so that the union of the Cavalier and the 
 Puritan became an accomplished fact, in 
 business, in church, in family and in state, 
 to their mutual advantage, and gave an ad- 
 ded impulse to material and social progress. 
 
 The hereditary courtesy of the Southern 
 man has softened the brusqueness of his 
 'Northern neighbor, which, in turn, has 
 quickened his own business activity ; and 
 the stern practicality of New England's 
 teachings, as shown by her daughters, has 
 been made no less practical, but none the 
 less softened, by the gentler graces of the 
 daughters of the South, who in turn have 
 learned valuable lessons from their North- 
 ern associates. 
 
 For the rougher work of the field and 
 forest, of shop and mine, of construction 
 and transportation, under the guiding hand 
 of the white race, there is an abundant sup- 
 ply of cheap labor in the 37 per cent of the 
 population in the colored race, which still 
 abides in the land of its ancestry, since its 
 emancipation from slavery in 1862. And 
 yet there is no dearth of employment for 
 the industrious, intelligent laborer. For the 
 indolent, there is no room, be he rich or 
 poor, white, black or brown. 
 
 10 
 
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 For nearly two and one-half centuries 
 there has been the conduct of business, inci- 
 dent to a seaport town and a growing city. 
 
 The people were not trying to build up 
 great business monopolies, or all-absorbing 
 trusts. They were satisfied to "live and to let 
 live;" to enjoy, and to let others enjoy the 
 blessings of life. It had for them far more 
 attractions than the amassing of gigantic 
 fortunes and the accumulation of untold 
 millions, perchance a much more rational 
 idea of life than has obtained elsewhere. 
 
 But with the union of Southern oppor- 
 tunities and 'Northern capital, there has 
 been, since 1880, a rapid acceleration in the 
 growth of business industries in every di- 
 rection. The census of 1900, Table VII, 
 shows that Greater Norfolk, with a popu- 
 lation of 106,582, had 660 manufacturing es- 
 tablishments, employing a capital of $17,- 
 787,194.00. She paid out annually in wages 
 $4,790,450, to 11,239 employes, and the 
 value of the manufactured product was 
 $19,549,540. 
 
 This increase has resulted from factors 
 which necessarily make for growth, viz : 
 
 1st. Good sites for manufacturing es- 
 tablishments contiguous to water and rail, 
 of which there are plenty yet obtainable. 
 
 2nd. Nearness to raw material and 
 cheap transportation of the same. 
 
 3rd. Cheap power. 10 cents to 4J cents 
 per kilowatt for electric power, according 
 
 11 
 
to amount used, and $2.75 per ton for coal 
 by the car load to manufacturing consum- 
 ers. 
 
 4th. Nearness to market for the manu- 
 factured products. 
 
 5th. Cheap rates of transportation both 
 by water and rail, to and from a natural dis- 
 tributing point. 
 
 6th. An equable climate the year round, 
 thereby lessening the cost of production. 
 
 7th. Cheap labor. 
 
 8th. Moderate living expenses. 
 
 9th. Freedom from strikes and other 
 labor troubles. 
 
 loth. An increasing "near by" market 
 caused by the rapid development of the 
 South and Southv^est, thereby calling for 
 increased amounts of manufactured goods 
 from the nearest supply point. 
 
 If there has been the same proportionate 
 percentage of growth from 1900 to 1905 as 
 obtained from 1890 to 1900, Greater 'Nor- 
 folk, with a population of 127,384, at the 
 present time, has about 750 manufacturing 
 establishments employing a capital of over 
 $23,000,000, pays out in wages to some 
 20,000 employes more than $8,000,000, and 
 turns out a product of over $34,000,000. 
 
 THE LARGER INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Steadily, almost imperceptibly, there 
 have grown a number of industries that 
 now rank amongst the very largest in the 
 United States and in the world. Greater 
 Norfolk's coal shipments aggregate nearly 
 
 12 
 
3,000,000 tons, and the enlargement of 
 existing facilities and the building of new 
 lines now in process of construction, indi- 
 cate a conservative estimate of shipments 
 from Hampton Roads of 10,000,000 tons 
 annually. 
 
 Greater Norfolk's lumber interests are 
 the largest in the South, aggregating some 
 600,000,000 feet of sawed and re-handled 
 product, and exporting logs, squared timbers 
 and staves to the amount of an additional 
 80,000,000 feet.The recent sale of one of its 
 lumber plants and accompanying timber 
 lands for $1,250,000, and their consolidation 
 with others into a still larger establishment, 
 indicates the size of this industry. 
 
 Its peanut market is the largest in the 
 world, some 3,500,000 bushels being han- 
 dled at the various peanut factories during 
 the year. Its trucking interests roll up an 
 aggregate value of $8,000,000 annually. Its 
 stock yards bring the distinction of be- 
 ing the largest market for horses in the 
 South, handling them to the amount of 
 $2,500,000. Its 3,500,000 bushels of oysters, 
 engaging its attention a portion of the 
 year, keep about 4,000 employes busy. 
 
 Its winery, the largest east of Califor- 
 nia turns the native grapes into 1,000,000 
 gallons of the best of wines. Its cotton ex- 
 ports place it fourth in the handling of 
 this product, the shipments for the year 
 ending August 31st, 1905, aggregating 
 822,930 bales, breaking all previous records 
 and involving a money worth of some 
 $40,000,000. 
 
 13 
 
It handles and manufactures some 
 200,000 tons of fertilizers each season, 
 which places it in the front rank in this 
 industry. As a side issue it ships fish and 
 game to the amount -of $1,000,000 annually. 
 
 In all the industries that occupy its atten- 
 tion it gives steady employment to 40,000 
 employes at remunerative wages that en- 
 ables them to build their own homes and to 
 educate their children. 
 
 OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES. 
 
 Aside from the 40 to 50 concerns that 
 comprise these larger industries, it has 
 some 250 to 260 additional ones engaged in 
 the jobbing or manufacturing trades and 
 distributing their goods over a more or less 
 enlarged district, widening as they increase 
 their facilities of trade. The nearly 300 
 concerns embrace the lines of trade enumer- 
 ated on pages 15 and 16. 
 
 The smaller retail businesses engage the 
 activities of about 1650 of Greater Norfolk's 
 citizens, as shown in the lists of the mer- 
 cantile agencies. These embrace every va- 
 riety and kind of retail activity. 
 
 There is opportunity for the enla'-gcment 
 of existing. institutions and the installation 
 of new enterprises, large and small, to keep 
 pace with the rapid growth of local popula- 
 tion, which naturally seeks to supply its 
 commercial needs at this most convenient 
 port, whence it also seeks to send abroad 
 the varied products of its agricultural and 
 manufacturing industries. 
 
 14 
 
Manufacturing, Jobbing and Wholesale In- 
 dustries of Greater Norfolk. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL IMPLE- 
 
 MENTS. 
 AWNINGS & TENTS. 
 BAGGING & TIES. 
 BAKERS GOODS. 
 BARBERS SUPPLIES. 
 BARRELS. 
 BASKETS. 
 BED SPRINGS. 
 BLACKSMITH SUPPLIES. 
 BLANK BOOKS. 
 BLOCKS & PUMPS. 
 BOATS. 
 BOILERS. 
 
 BOTTLING WORKS. 
 BRASS FOUNDRIES. 
 BREWERIES. 
 BRICK. 
 BROOMS. 
 
 BUILDERS HARDWARE. 
 BUTTER. 
 BUTTER DISHES. 
 CARRIAGES & WAGONS. 
 CHEESE. 
 CHEMICALS. 
 CIGARS. 
 
 CIDER & VINEGAR. 
 CLOTHING. 
 COAL. 
 
 CONFECTIONERY. 
 COMFORTABLES. 
 COLLAR PADS. 
 CORNICES. 
 CORN MILLS. 
 COTTON. 
 
 COTTON COMPRESSES. 
 COTTON MILLS. 
 
 COTTON FIBRE. 
 COTTON OIL. 
 COTTON SEED. 
 COTTON YARN. 
 CRATES. 
 
 CREOSOTING WORKS. 
 CUTLERY. 
 
 DENTISTS SUPPLIES. 
 DEVILED CRABS. 
 DISTILLERIES. 
 DRUGGISTS SPECIALTIES. 
 DRUGS. 
 DRY GOODS. 
 EGGS. 
 
 ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES. 
 ENGINES. 
 EXTRACTS. 
 FARM SUPPLIES. 
 FEED, HAY & GRAIN. 
 FENCES. 
 FLOUR. 
 FERTILIZERS. 
 FISH & GAME. 
 FRUIT. 
 FURNITURE. 
 GAS FIXTURES. 
 GROCERIES. 
 GUANO. 
 
 HARNESS & SADDLERY. 
 HARDWARE. 
 HARDWOODS. 
 HATS & CAPS. 
 HIDES. 
 HOSIERY. 
 ICE. 
 
 IRON FOUNDERS & 
 MACHINISTS. 
 
 15 
 
MANUFACTURING, JOBBING AND WHOLESALE 
 INDUSTRIES OF GREATER NORFOLK.— Con. ' 
 
 KNITTING MILLS. 
 
 LADDERS. 
 
 LATH. 
 
 LAWN MOWERS. 
 
 LIME & CEMENT. 
 
 LOCOMOTIVES. 
 
 LUMBER. 
 
 MACHINERY. 
 
 MANTELS & GRATES. 
 
 MARINE ENGINES. 
 
 MARBLE WORKS. 
 
 MATTRESSES. 
 
 MEAL. 
 
 MEATS. 
 
 MILL SUPPLIES. 
 
 NOTIONS. 
 
 OFFICE FIXTURES. 
 
 OILS. 
 
 OYSTERS. 
 
 PAINTS. 
 
 PAPER. 
 
 PAPER BOXES. 
 
 PATENT MEDICINES. 
 
 PATTERN & MODEL 
 
 R MAKERS. I 
 
 PAVEMENTS. 
 
 PEANUTS. 
 
 PEANUT BUTTER. 
 
 PEANUT SPECIALTIES. 
 
 PICKLES. 
 
 PIANOS & ORGANS. 
 
 PICTURE FRAMES. 
 
 PLATING WORKS. 
 
 PLUMBERS SUPPLIES. 
 
 POULTRY. 
 
 PRODUCE. 
 
 PROVISIONS. 
 
 RAILROAD SUPPLIES. 
 
 REGALIAS. 
 
 ROOFERS. 
 
 RUBBER GOODS. 
 
 RUBBER STAMPS. 
 
 SAIL MAKERS. 
 
 SALT DEALERS. 
 
 SASH & DOORS. 
 
 SCREENS. 
 
 SEEDS. 
 
 SHINGLES. 
 
 SHIRT & OVERALL 
 
 FACTORIES. 
 SHOES. 
 SHOE LASTS. 
 SILK MILLS. 
 SPORTING GOODS. 
 STEAMSHIP SUPPLIES. 
 STEEL SHUTTERS. 
 STATIONERY. 
 STAVES. 
 
 STENCIL CUTTERS. 
 STOVES. 
 TABLES. 
 TALLOW. 
 TANKAGE. 
 TEAS & COFFEE. 
 TIN & SHEET IRON 
 
 WORKERS. 
 TOBACCO. 
 TOYS. 
 
 TRUNKS & VALISES. 
 UMBRELLAS. 
 
 UNDERTAKERS SUPPLIES. 
 UNDERWEAR. 
 WINERY. 
 
 WINES & LIQUORS. 
 WOODENWARE. 
 
 16 
 
TRUCK FARMING. 
 
 From a variety of causes, truck farming 
 has become one of the principal industries 
 of Tidewater Virginia. The equable cli- 
 mate, the fertile soil, the regular rainfall, 
 the nearness to an unfailing and ever in- 
 creasing market, the reasonable rates of 
 transportation, have combined to make 
 Greater Norfolk the outlet of the greatest 
 trucking region and shipping point in the 
 South. 
 
 The U. S. Census of 1900 states that the 
 value of farm products in Norfolk county 
 from 6,607 acres, was $705,059 for the year 
 1899, or about $107 per acre. 
 
 Record of shipments and intelligent es- 
 timates of this growing industry, place the 
 annual trucking products at between 
 $7,000,000 and $8,000,000, from more than 
 150,000 acres, and this product is not con- 
 fined to one season but scattered through- 
 out the entire year. 
 
 The truck gardener gathers and ships his 
 cabbage, kale, onions and spinach to the 
 northern cities in mid-winter, oftentimes 
 realizing $300 to $500 per acre, gross sales. 
 He sends his lettuce and radishes by the 
 ship-load in the early spring, while in the 
 North the ground is still frozen. In April 
 and May he reaps a rich harvest from the 
 luscious strawberries, gathered while the 
 northern berries are not yet in bloom. In 
 June and July he sends train-loads and 
 ship-loads of potatoes to that ever-demand- 
 ing and never-supplied market of Boston, 
 
 17 
 
Providence, New York, Philadelphia, Bal- 
 timore and Washington. Later the canta- 
 loupe and watermelon find a hearty wel- 
 come amongst the 21,000,000 people with- 
 in twelve hours ride of Greater Norfolk. 
 Nor are the standard agricultural products 
 lacking, all producing abundantly and 
 bringing remunerative prices either in the 
 market at home or abroad. Live stock of 
 all kinds and poultry, as well, find a con- 
 genial clime and reward their owners with 
 abundant productiveness and a ready de- 
 mand. And when the truck farmer has 
 laid aside the activities of the field in the 
 fall, he gathers the harvest of the sea from 
 the oyster grounds adjoining his farm and 
 thus completes the circle of the year ir 
 making every month yield its quota to his 
 income. 
 
 COST OF LIVING. 
 
 As much or as little as one chooses, will 
 give the extremes. Industry, economy and 
 good health will bring its reward to the 
 man of good sense and good habits in the 
 shape of a substantial living and a con- 
 stant increase in his possessions here in 
 Tidewater Virginia as in the wilder and 
 less accessible portions of the country. 
 Should one locate upon one of the five or 
 ten acre tracts of land that can be purchas- 
 ed for $25.00 to $100.00 per acre, within 
 twelve miles of the city, and some still near- 
 er, he could procure fish, clams and soft 
 shell crabs from the near-by waters; within 
 sixty days from planting, he could gather 
 
 18 
 
fresh vegetables from his garden ; within a 
 few months he would find the beginnings of 
 his gatherings of berries and small fruits; 
 in three to five years he could, pluck grapes 
 from his vines and fruit from his trees, and 
 literally "sit under his own vine and fig 
 tree," while the limit of his gathering 
 would be restricted only by the size of his 
 fields and by his own industry. After de- 
 ducting his own needs, his surplus products 
 find a ready market which will pay for his 
 clothing and farm improvements and with- 
 in a decade he can have a valuable home, a 
 substantial bank account and good credit, 
 as many another has done before him. 
 
 With capital to aid, he can, of course, ac- 
 complish all this in a much shorter time 
 proportionate to the extent of his financial 
 ability. Land located at from five to 
 twenty-five miles from the city he can pur- 
 chase for $25.00 to $6a.oo per acre, accord- 
 ing to the improvements and accessibility. 
 Within the past few months (July, 1905) 
 there have been sold to actual settlers, in 
 tracts varying from 10 acres to 318 acres, 
 more than 2,000 acres of improved and un- 
 improved farming and truck land, at prices 
 from $20.00 to $75.00 per acre, the average 
 being $48 per acre. 
 
 Likewise in the city, should he wish 
 there to make his home, he would find all 
 sorts of locations with prices correspond- 
 ing to his choice and the extent of his finan- 
 ces. Should he wish to rent residence prop- 
 erty, he could meet his requirements at fig- 
 ures ranging from $10.00 to $60.00 per 
 
 19 
 
NORFOLK. PORTBMOUti 
 
 month, a few being obtainable at $8.00 per 
 month and some renting as high as $70.00, 
 $75.00 and $100.00. 
 
 In the newer additions, contiguous to 
 electric lines with a five cent fare, he can 
 purchase lots ranging in price from $200 
 
 20 
 
BERKLEY AND VICINITY. 
 
 to $800 per lot of 25 by 100 feet. In the 
 older_ portions of the city and in the nearer 
 additions, within walicing distance of the 
 business center, he will find desirable 
 locations at from $600 to $4,000 per lot of 
 like size. He will find facilities for bnild- 
 
 21 
 
ing a modest home upon the payment of 
 $200 to $300 as his first payment, and addi- 
 tional payments in monthly installments 
 in amounts but little exceeding what he 
 would pay in rent, and at the expiration of 
 five to ten years, according to the cost of 
 the property and the ratio of his monthly 
 payments, he will own his own home. 
 Should he have the means to build for him- 
 self, he will find reliable contractors to erect 
 an eight to a ten room house, with ordinary 
 comforts, at $1,500 to $2,500, or a dwelling, 
 with all modern conveniences, at prices 
 ranging from $3,500 to $15,000 and upward. 
 He can purchase improved property at 
 prices ranging from $600 to $6,000 and up- 
 ward. His taxes would be $2.05 per $100, 
 upon a conservative valuation, in the city, 
 and $1.05 in the county adjacent. Good 
 fire departments of recognized efficiency, 
 place Greater 'Norfolk in the class of "fav- 
 ored risks," with correspondingly low rates. 
 His fuel at $7.00 per ton for hard, and $6.00 
 per ton for soft coal, his lighting and fuel 
 gas at $1.00 per 1,000 cu. feet and city 
 water at less than rates ordinarily charged 
 in cities of like size. The cost of clothing, 
 groceries, provisions and vegetables he will 
 find at the usual rates and procurable at 
 great department stores and public mar- 
 kets and from the smaller corner stores. 
 
 BUSINESS EXPENSES. 
 
 Store room costs from $25.00 to $500 per 
 month, according to size and location. Of- 
 fice room can be secured at $10.00 to $50.00 
 
 32 
 
per month. In the newer buildings with 
 elevator service, water, heat and janitor 
 service, 75 cents to $1.35 per square foot of 
 office space per year, will be a fair average. 
 If in the manufacturing line, he will find 
 ready assistance in securing a desirable 
 location, convenient to railroad and water 
 shipment facilities. A recently chartered 
 organization proposes to purchase desirable 
 sites and hold them at such figures as 
 will induce the establishment of manufac- 
 turing industries. A helping hand is gladly 
 extended by participation in the organiza- 
 tion of bona fide enterprises, non-specula- 
 tive in their character. 
 
 Material for the construction of buildings 
 and full equipment with power can readily 
 be obtained locally at prices that will meet 
 outside competition. 
 
 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Table VI shows the uniform, steady 
 growth of this essential factor in the busi- 
 ness development of Greater Norfolk. As 
 the pulse of business life, it indicates how 
 strong and vigorous or how feeble has be- 
 come the commercial body. When in 1893 
 and the years immediately following, other 
 portions of our country were shaken by the 
 failure of banks and other financial institu- 
 tions, the banks of Greater 'Norfolk pursued 
 the even tenor of their way, without a break. 
 The market value of their stock standing at 
 25 per cent, to 250 per cent, above par, 
 their record of regular and satisfactory 
 
 33 
 
dividends, their gratifying showing of a 
 steadily accumulating surplus and increas- 
 ing depositsi, evidence their solidity and 
 conservative management. The varied 
 and all-the-year-round industries of Tide- 
 water Virginia keep in circulation and 
 profitable employment the capital, surplus 
 and deposits of all the banks, and trust 
 companies of Greater Norfolk at a uniform 
 rate of 6 per cent, upon real estate and com- 
 mercial loans, thereby insuring a reason- 
 able rate for industrial development and re- 
 munerative returns to financial institutions. 
 When there has been added to the in- 
 vesting capital of Greater Norfolk a needed 
 $3,000,000, the largtr commercial loans 
 that now find ready accommodation at 4 
 per cent and 4^ per cent, in the money cen- 
 ters of the North, will remain here, where 
 they properly belong. 
 
 CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 "A city that provides for the education 
 of its children as shown by such school 
 buildings, is a good community to live in," 
 siaid a gentleman who came and saw and 
 returned to his home in the North to close 
 up his business and to bring on his family 
 to become residents of Greater Norfolk. 
 
 The same can be said of the churches. In 
 addition to the figures given in table XI 
 there are kindergarten schools, both public 
 and private, also private schools and aca- 
 demies of many years standing. 
 
 34 
 
Figures, though eloquent, cannot give, in 
 their mere presentation of results accom- 
 plished, a complete realization of the years 
 of toil, thought and planning which have re- 
 sulted in building the many institutions that 
 here make for a higher civilization, the elim- 
 ination of poverty, and for a progressive and 
 elevating environment. Mere material pros- 
 perity, without these, would be a failure and 
 worse than a failure. Hence when one sees 
 from the accompanying tables, how the 
 better things of life have kept pace with 
 material growth, he notes the symmetrical 
 development and feels that the city has been 
 well builded. 
 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 The Colonial dwelling in its simple 
 beajUty, and the modern edifice with its 
 more pretentious showing, are here to be 
 found side by side, to say nothing of the 
 modern flats and apartment houses, while 
 the moss-covered, solid-timbered ware- 
 house, weather beaten by the storms of 
 more than a century, challenges the endur- 
 ing ([ualities of the fourteen-story sky- 
 scraper that has come to take its place. 
 
 The austere simplicity of the habitat of 
 the ''Gentleman of the old school" may still 
 be found, and by its side the modern struc- 
 ture with its conveniences of elevator serv- 
 ice, hot and cold water, steam heat and 
 electric lights. The beauty of the older 
 public buildings, with their Doric, Ionic 
 and Corinthian columns, is giving way to 
 
 25 
 
an architecture more economical of space, 
 combining strength and utility, yet not 
 devoid of grace and adornment. The addi- 
 tion of 600 to 800 office rooms in the new 
 fire-proof buildings now erecting which 
 will be ready for occupancy in the fall of 
 1905, is an index of normal and healthful 
 growth. The New South shows in her new 
 constructions, that the best is none too 
 good for her use. 
 
 SUMMER AND WINTER RESORTS. 
 
 One may truthfully say that Greater 'Nor- 
 folk is both a summer and winter resort, 
 and there are many locations especially 
 fitted for the comfort, convenience and 
 rest of those seeking change from the ex- 
 tremes of climate and from the wear and 
 tear of business life. 
 
 Old Point Comfort, Virginia Beach and 
 Pine Beach, all open the year round and 
 readily accessible, are the best known and 
 of National reputation. Ocean View and 
 Pine Beach are respectively the ''Atlantic 
 City" and "Coney Island" of Greater Nor- 
 folk, affording wholesome and restful re- 
 sorts for the toilers of the city. Willoughby 
 Beach, Sewell's Point, Buckroe Beach, 
 Cape Henry and other places, easily acces- 
 sible, are the natural and inexpensive places 
 which break the monotony of daily toil, re- 
 fresh and invigorate by ocean baths and 
 breezes, and furnish unlimited sport to the 
 followers of Isaak Walton. 
 
 26 
 
PLACES OF INTEREST. 
 
 Greater Norfolk is upon historic ground, 
 a part of the Old Dominion State, where 
 were enacted the earliest great events in 
 American history. Near by, within a few 
 hours ride by boat or rail, can be seen the 
 ruins of the first settlement of 1607 at 
 Jamestown ; the foundation of the House 
 of Burgesses at Williarasbm'g and the 
 halls of the college whose history dates but 
 a year later than that of Harvard, the oldest 
 in America; also the University so wisely 
 planned and founded by the Sage of Monti- 
 cello and the old historic churches of Wil- 
 liamsburg, Smithfield, Hampton, Glouces- 
 ter, Richmond and Greater Norfolk. 
 
 One can stand upon the spots consecrat- 
 ed by those patriots whose names are house- 
 hold words in American history and revered 
 by every lover of his country, the names of 
 Washington and Jefferson, of Patrick 
 Henry and John Marshall, of Madison and 
 Monroe ; can see the monuments com- 
 memorative of events from the landing of 
 Sir Christopher Newport at Cape Henry in 
 1607, through the stirring events of 1776 
 ^„4jhrough the later historical epoch of i860 
 and 1812, Yorktown and Great Bridge, and 
 o 1865, when Manassas and Fredericks- 
 burg, Richmond and Petersburg, the Shen- 
 andoah Valley and the Wilderness, were 
 enriched by the blood of the heroes who 
 fought with Lee, Jackson and Grant in the 
 most sanguinary strife the century had 
 seen ; can view the spot where occurred 
 
 27 
 
 ^^< 
 
the memorable fight between the Monitor 
 and Merrimac-Virginia which revolution- 
 ized battleship construction and naval 
 warfare. One can look upon nature's won- 
 ders in the sparkling waters of Lake Drum- 
 mond, in the midst of the Dismal Swamp, or 
 the Natural Bridge and caverns in the 
 highlands of the Appalachian chain ; the 
 sand dunes of Cape Henry or the peaceful 
 scenes in the valley lying at the base of the 
 Blue Ridge. 
 
 She may not count her historic places by 
 a millenium of years, but what is far bet- 
 ter, Virginia can point to their tremendous 
 influence on human advancement and for 
 a higher civilization, an incentive to a 
 broader liberty and to an unselfish, helpful 
 growth. 
 
 JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION. 
 
 Already the eyes of the country and of 
 the world are turning toward this section, 
 where in 1907 will be held the great inter- 
 national celebration commemorating the 
 first permanent Anglo Saxon settlement in 
 America in 1607, at Jamestown, Va. Exten- 
 sive building construction is now in prog- 
 ress, backed by appropriations of the United 
 States government and by many of the 
 State legislatures, and here will be held the 
 greatest naval demonstration ever held in 
 America and probably in the world. With ex- 
 position rates, what better opportunity could 
 be afforded to visit the cradle of America's 
 first settlements and view the harbor, bear- 
 
 28 
 
ing upon its bosom the gathered navies of 
 the world, to behold the white wings o^ 
 commerce, to see the growing cities and 
 their extensive industries, to experience the 
 salubrious climate, to realize the tremend- 
 ous natural resources of this region, to meet 
 the people and know their warm hospitality, 
 to view the government and municipal 
 structures, school buildings, churches, hos- 
 pitals and libraries, to visit the summer re- 
 sorts and places of interest and to spend 
 sufficient time to appreciate how a New 
 South has been builded and how a new era 
 has dawned upon the fairest of climes and 
 lands. 
 
 Wherefore if you are doubtful of all this 
 growth and remarkable showing of what 
 has already been accomplished, as shown 
 by the accompanying tables, "come and 
 see." 
 
 Then when you have seen and believed 
 and know the reality, act as any wise man 
 should act, and participate in the life, com- 
 forts and profits that are to be found in 
 this portion of the ''Queen" of States, Tide- 
 
 water Virginia. 
 
 29 
 
Table I.— NORFOLK, VA. 
 Record of United States Weather Bureau. 
 
 
 Years. 
 
 Temperature. 
 
 Rainfall. 
 
 Maxim'm 
 
 Minimum 
 
 Average. 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 1895 
 
 1896 
 
 1897 
 
 1898 
 
 1899 
 
 1900 
 
 1901 
 
 1902 
 
 1903 
 
 1904 
 
 96 
 97 
 99 
 95 
 97 
 100 
 98 
 96 
 96 
 99 
 100 
 100 
 98 
 97 
 94 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 19 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 2 
 11 
 11 
 15 
 
 3 
 13 
 16 
 18 
 14 
 12 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 58 
 58 
 60 
 59 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 59 
 61 
 58 
 59 
 59 
 57 
 
 50.22 
 50.63 
 49.24 
 57.90 
 53.09 
 45.41 
 44.22 
 42.66 
 53.14 
 38.41 
 39.34 
 42.61 
 38.48 
 46.10 
 42.60 
 
 15 
 
 97.47 
 
 13.13 
 
 59.27 
 
 46.27 
 
 30 
 
Table II.— NORFOLK, VA. 
 Record for 1890 of U. S. Weather Bureau. 
 
 ..... 1 
 
 Months 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Rainfall 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Average 
 
 January .... 
 February . . . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September. . 
 October .... 
 November . . 
 December. . . 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 81 
 84 
 86 
 95 
 96 
 93 
 89 
 88 
 79 
 64 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 22 
 38 
 47 
 58 
 60 
 58 
 59 
 37 
 30 
 25 
 
 51 
 52 
 
 48 
 57 
 67 
 77 
 77 
 75 
 72 
 61 
 53 
 41 
 
 1.13 
 1.98 
 4.06 
 3.70 
 4.03 
 2.79 
 6.33 
 9.36 
 6.64 
 3.96 
 0.23 
 6.01 
 
 Table III.— NORFOLK, VA. 
 Record for 1895 of U. S. Weather Bureau. 
 
 Months 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Rainfall 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Average 
 
 January. . . 
 February. . . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September. . 
 
 October 
 
 November. . 
 December. . 
 
 70 
 68 
 76 
 84 
 96 
 99 
 95 
 95 
 100 
 76 
 80 
 69 
 
 15 
 
 2 
 29 
 39 
 44 
 58 
 63 
 63 
 54 
 42 
 28 
 24 
 
 40 
 40 
 47 
 
 58 
 64 
 76 
 76 
 79 
 77 
 59 
 53 
 45 
 
 4.30 
 2.62 
 5.36 
 6.07 
 8.60 
 2.39 
 4.36 
 2.58 
 0.19 
 1.99 
 3.41 
 3.54 
 
 31 
 
Table ^ IV.— NORFOLK, VA. 
 Record for 1900 of l). S. Weather Bureau. 
 
 Months 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Rainfall 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Average 
 
 January. . . 
 February. . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August. . . . 
 September. 
 October . . . 
 November . 
 December.. 
 
 65 
 70 
 70 
 82 
 94 
 92 
 100 
 100 
 98 
 88 
 78 
 70 
 
 13 
 13 
 22 
 35 
 46 
 56 
 65 
 66 
 57 
 43 
 33 
 24 
 
 ^ 42 
 40 
 45 
 56 
 67 
 75 
 81 
 82 
 76 
 66 
 55 
 43 
 
 2.13 
 3.75 
 4.16 
 4.43 
 2.74 
 2.52 
 6.51 
 3.37 
 1.92 
 2.22 
 3.34 
 2.25 
 
 Table V.— NORFOLK, VA. 
 Record for 1904 of U. S. Weather Bureau. 
 
 Months 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Rainfall 
 
 Max. 
 
 Min. 
 
 Average 
 
 January . . . 
 February. . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August. . . . 
 September . 
 
 October 
 
 November . 
 December. . 
 
 68 
 76 
 78 
 84 
 90 
 94 
 94 
 92 
 90 
 86 
 69 
 69 
 
 14 
 12 
 28 
 33 
 50 
 56 
 65 
 62 
 51 
 43 
 30 
 20 
 
 36 
 36 
 
 48 
 55 
 67 
 74 
 
 77 
 76 
 72 
 60 
 49 
 39 
 
 3.19 
 3.56 
 3.67 
 1.13 
 2.62 
 4.17 
 6.56 
 4.24 
 4.02 
 2.26 
 1.96 
 •5.22 
 
 32 
 

 SS§8 
 
 88S 
 
 Oi(MrH(N 
 
 oooo 
 
 to lO o o 
 
 o 
 
 • o o < 
 
 
 
 1S§8 
 
 ;S88 
 
 "O O lO 
 
 Lo'i-To'* 
 
 88^ 
 
 O'OC 
 
 Lo""— I o «o 
 ^^ oro C5 
 cocq LO 
 
 CO 0000 CT> C55t 
 
 C-q ^ ^ ^ CO C 
 
 (M iC <M O C^ - 
 
 882 g 
 
 ^O OI^ 
 
 CO 1^ 0><N 
 ■^ t^ lO CO 
 00 I- '-I t- 
 
 rQ~co"t->r 
 
 1^ 10-* 
 
 oco cnio 
 
 <ooco 
 
 H lOCO 
 
 CO 10-* CO 
 
 IC CO CO 1-1 
 
 lO lO ^ cs 
 00 CO (M-^ 
 
 .-HOlOt- 
 
 (MiOCOO 
 cTi-r (N 
 
 C0(MO>-^ 
 00 t^ CO (M 
 00 OCOCO 
 
 OOOLO^' 
 iCCOOOQ 
 
 (MOOO 
 OJ 00 O --I 
 05CO <M lO 
 
 lOOO"* 
 CO CO t- o 
 
 cocoirTco 
 
 
 o 55^2 
 0)0 
 
 IBJldBQ 
 
 (NCO 00 
 
 
 sn|djns 
 
 i(M 
 
 •-0 CO lOOO 
 
 lO (M 
 
 (N coco O 
 
 od"r-r O 
 
 ■<»< rt CO 05 
 t>CO(N(M 
 
 •-o"i-r 00 
 
 (^ "O 0(N 
 
 COiOOfM 
 
 (M lOO t^ 
 
 OrHOnJ 
 
 CO 00 o 
 
 t^O'OCO 
 
 lOCO 
 
 iJ <^ K^ 2 
 
 O O <Do 
 S^ISOdSQ 
 
 O ■ a> 
 
 -; H © -r^ 
 
 O O O o 
 
 SUBOl 
 
 
 bco. 
 
 §21 
 
 O 3 03 
 
 !-. oCO 
 
 m« 
 
 
 3 a 
 
 •fits; 
 
 03 O 
 
 0+-m 
 
 33 
 
1 
 
 
 
 t^ 
 
 o 
 
 'o 
 
 
 
 Sg 
 
 f^ 
 
 ao >— 1 rJ 
 
 lSfe^S?£5^§ 
 
 ci 
 
 1- 
 
 
 cct^ 
 
 §S^ 
 
 Tt< 
 
 'J' 
 
 
 OiCO 
 
 CO 05 O lO lO lO --H 
 
 
 <N 
 
 1 
 
 W 13 
 
 uo"^ 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 
 Is 
 
 ^J 
 
 ^.^-.^.^.^A 
 
 
 5< 
 
 pj o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 <J « 
 
 
 lOt^ 
 
 OrH(N(NCOOr 
 
 
 TlT 
 
 +J 
 
 >Ah 
 
 «©(N 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 C5 
 
 (N 
 
 05 
 
 
 
 ?5S 
 
 III 
 
 <N t^ -il< IM 00 'S' .-1 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 is 
 
 
 lOOi 
 
 
 
 '"' o 
 
 Iv^ 
 
 ooo 
 
 ^cou-ToToo 
 
 
 ,^ 
 
 ^ii 
 
 O 
 
 i« 
 
 t^ 00 00 LO Oi 05 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ->1 
 
 O^tS 
 
 
 
 
 §0 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 rH,-l 
 
 '"' rH -^ 
 
 
 CC 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '-'o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 lO 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 
 ClOi 
 
 
 'f Tf O ^ r-l 05 CO 
 
 lO 
 
 t^ 
 
 
 o^fe 
 
 lOi-H 
 
 02COC0 
 
 CO lO 00 Oi I- CO o 
 
 CO 
 
 (M 
 
 2 ^ 
 
 t-iO 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 '"' 
 
 c^Tir 
 
 v^--r<>ror^-^ 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .gc3 
 
 
 
 <X) 
 
 OD 
 
 Tfl 
 
 
 d-S 
 
 
 'X.^ 
 
 "* Oi <M 
 
 C5 ■* Oa t^ lO ^ i-I 
 
 CO 
 
 IC 
 
 , Q 
 
 i-»o 
 
 Oi ^ — 1 O CO 03 o 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 |a 
 
 iJ H 
 
 cqo 
 
 
 Or-HOlOOrt i-H 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 i§ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 bc- 
 
 ooi 
 
 r^(^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^g 
 
 
 c^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 ,"l 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 coo 
 
 yTr-TrH^C^lC 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1? 
 
 1 
 
 
 CO 
 
 t^ 
 
 -* 
 
 "~ 
 
 •S^M 
 
 IS 
 
 ^§^ 
 
 ^g^^goo 
 
 ^ 
 
 Po 
 
 C;=^42 
 
 
 CO'OC^^ 
 
 Tt< rt O 
 
 
 t- 
 
 t3+^ 
 
 x-^S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dg 
 
 O cC ® 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C3g 
 
 -d-;3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 §2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 g 
 
 I: 
 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 © 
 
 
 fl 
 
 43 ft 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _(-! 
 
 o 
 
 ri 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■+3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 
 'H ■ 
 
 H 
 
 ^ 
 
 Q> 
 
 Sh To 
 
 o 
 
 Q 
 
 M 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 II 
 
 
 rC 
 
 
 .* -s tA g 
 
 S3 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 M 
 
 5§ 
 
 M 
 
 i^ 
 
 >0 o . 
 
 o3 
 
 II 
 
 5 
 
 O p 
 
 O a a3 
 
 o o CD . ^ d S 
 
 S3 
 
 
 
 
 ;^^ 
 
 :?H^ 
 
 ;z; Ph pq t) pq W p^ 
 
 PLi 
 
 H 
 
 
 H- 
 
 H— 
 
 
 
 Jt 
 
 
 pj 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 8 
 
 S5§ 
 
 g 
 
 -1-* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K-i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
Table VIII. 
 Growth of Greater Norfolk=U. S. Census. 
 
 < 
 
 Cities and 
 
 r^riTTMTV 
 
 Population 
 
 Per Cent Gain 
 
 Number 
 
 Total 
 
 Years 
 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 1880 
 1890 
 1900 
 1905 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Portsmouth . 
 Berkley. 
 
 21, 966 
 11,390 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bal. County. 
 
 25, 301 
 
 58, 657 
 
 
 
 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Portsmouth.. 
 
 Berkley 
 
 Bal. County.. 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Portsmouth.. 
 
 Berkley 
 
 Bal. County.. 
 
 34, 871 
 
 13, 268 
 
 3,899 
 
 25, 000 
 
 
 59.2 
 16.5 
 
 
 
 
 77,038 31.3 
 
 
 46, 624 
 17,427 
 
 4,988 
 45, 792 
 
 
 33.7 
 
 112.3 
 53.0 
 
 "96.'8' 
 
 
 31.3 
 27.9 
 49.0 
 
 
 114,831 
 
 fNorfolk 
 
 fPortsmouth. . 
 
 fBerkley 
 
 *Bal. County.. 
 
 64,500 
 
 29, 400 
 
 9,800 
 
 56, 187 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 159, 887 
 
 
 
 UNDERWRITERS' INSPECTION BUREAU. 
 
 N u mber of Record Pages Descriptive of Business 
 and Manufacturing Property. 
 
 
 
 
 Date of Publication | 
 
 
 
 1894 1 1895 1 1900 1 1904 
 
 1 1905 
 
 Noi 
 
 •folk . . 80 
 
 tsmouth 
 
 
 
 285 
 
 179 
 
 35 
 
 350 
 
 Por 
 
 
 50 
 
 Ber 
 
 kley 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 f Directory estimate. 
 
 * Estimated by addition of same proportionate 
 percentage of gain as obtained in Census from 1890 
 to 1900. 
 
 35 
 
Table IX. 
 Showing Land Assessments from Tax Lists. 
 
 Cities and 
 County 
 
 Assessed 
 Value 
 
 Total 
 
 Per Cent Gain 
 IN Years 
 
 5 I 10 I 20 
 
 1880 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Berkley 
 
 Norfolk Co. 
 
 $8,765,492$ 
 2, 706, 985 
 210, 876 
 3, 227, 721 
 
 14, 911, 074 
 
 1885 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Berkley 
 
 Norfolk Co- 
 
 ll, 988, 560 
 3, 464, 960 
 647, 664 
 4, 218, 92020, 320, 104 
 
 36.6 
 
 28.0 
 
 207.1 
 
 36.2 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 1 oon Portsmouth 
 ^^^ Berkley 
 
 Norfolk Co.. 
 
 14, 305, 335 
 
 3, 895, 750 
 
 1, 176, 369 
 
 4,755,30924,132,763 
 
 19.3 
 12.4 
 66. 
 21 .'7 
 
 63.2 
 31.5 
 8 
 61.8 
 
 2457 
 
 1895 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Berkley 
 
 Norfolk Co.. 
 
 19, 981, 930 
 4, 411, 241 
 1, 189, 252 
 6,172,17731,754,600 
 
 39.6 
 
 13.2 
 
 1.0 
 
 31.1 
 
 66.6 
 27.3 
 84.2 
 56.2 
 
 1900^ 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Berkley 
 
 Norfolk Co... 
 
 22, 449, 970 
 
 5, 740, 200 
 
 1, 497, 605 
 
 9,162,23038,900,005 
 
 12.3 
 31.2 
 25.9 
 22.1 
 
 56.9156.7 
 68.9112.0 
 27.3610.2 
 61.1160.9 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 , OAK Portsmouth 
 ^^"^erkley 
 
 iNorfolkCo... 
 
 29, 129, 190 
 6, 264, 425 
 1, 615, 500 
 
 10, 189, 991 
 
 29. 
 9. 
 
 7. 
 
 45.8142.9 
 42.0 80.8 
 35.9|149.2 
 
 47, 199, 106 
 
 21.3 48.61132.3 
 
 30 
 

 ^^ i 
 
 ooo 
 
 o t-- t^ 
 
 ooo 
 
 0-* o 
 oo^oTio' 
 
 
 
 ;a^a 
 
 7— I t^-^ ( 
 
 ^ (N 
 
 O lO !£) ^ 
 lO lO t^ 00 
 
 CO 10 "tl ro 
 <ffl IM O Oi 
 
 000 iM lO 
 t^ t^ rt iC 
 
 OCD^OO 
 
 OO^C 
 
 T-l t^cC CO 
 
 OiO 
 
 COOi 
 
 
 I-0 05 
 
 
 -eindod 
 
 
 o o S o 
 
 3nu3A9y 
 
 IBlSOd 
 
 O 00 CO-* 
 
 rt t^Tt< CO 
 
 (N CO-* o 
 
 ■*"t^o cq" 
 
 (N CO O (M 
 
 05 <M CO 00 
 
 ■ "3 
 
 o o « o 
 
 |6U0SJ3d 1^ 
 
 |G9y s)uaiu 
 
 -SS8SSV 
 
 u?CO^ O 
 
 CO(M> 
 
 J^228 
 
 o6(M(M 
 
 lO <N O 
 
 10 0>0 
 
 og'o-^ 
 ■* c; CO 
 
 t^ t^ (M 
 
 (^^r-^l^i■ 
 
 ^ coo 
 
 OSTfi CD 
 T-(<MiO 
 
 »• t^ C^ 
 
 S tn"^ 
 
 
 WW. 
 
 <B CD 
 
 MIOjJON 
 
 
 
 37 
 
•SOTJ'BjqTT: 
 
 JO ON 
 
 ■SJ[J'BJ 
 
 JOOM 
 
 ■oaia JO ON 
 
 •snoT:t'8:^g | -o ^ cq o 
 
 9JTj[ JO ON i 
 
 •sSmpiing; 
 ^aiO JO ON 
 
 o^ 
 
 '^ lO O 05 
 
 03 lO o ■<»< 
 
 CDi-Tof 
 
 3 --o 
 
 o o 0^ o 
 
 >p: 
 
 X 
 
 o o 
 
 O C O o 
 
 38 
 
o >, 
 
 . o 
 
 saapjo 
 inaioAauag 
 
 JO OK 
 
 SUOT^. 
 --BTOOSSV 1 
 
 ^y'a JO ON 
 
 JO OK 
 
 ■S8U1T 
 
 (iTqsniiBeq.g 
 ' JO OK 
 
 •sauii 
 H H jo OK 
 
 suoiq. 
 -'bztii'bSjo 
 
 ■^uaui 
 
 -asntnv 
 
 JO seo-BiJ 
 
 •sp^oH 
 
 saadBd 
 
 -SiVvaK 
 
 srani 
 siB^idsoH 
 
 OC^«5 00 
 
 ■^ CO (M O 
 
 
 h > 
 
 
 
 ^X3 
 
 
 ssss 
 
 ^^ 
 
 O o <!> O 
 
 39 
 

INDEX. 
 
 Anchorage Ground 4, 6 
 
 Architecture 25, 26 
 
 B. & L. Associations, 39 
 
 Banks 23, 24, 39 
 
 Benevolent Orders 39 
 
 Berkley 1, 5, 20, 21 
 
 Board of Trade Building 
 
 (cut of) Back Cover 
 
 Bonded Indebtedness 39 
 
 Buildings 25, 26 
 
 Buildings Erected 37 
 
 Business Expenses 23 
 
 Churches 24, 25, 38 
 
 City Finances 39 
 
 Civic Union 2, 3 
 
 Climate 8, 9, 30, 31, 32 
 
 Coal 6, 13, 22 
 
 Colored Population per cent 10 
 
 CostofLiviBg 18, 19, 22, 23 
 
 Cotton 13 
 
 Early History 1, 9, 27 
 
 Fertilizers 14 
 
 Financial Institu- 
 tions 23, 24, 33, 39 
 
 Fire Stations 38 
 
 FishandGame 14 
 
 Greater Norfolk 1, 2 
 
 Greater Norfolk (map of)...' 5 
 Hampton Roads (map of) 
 
 20, 21 
 
 Harbor 3, 4, 6, 7 
 
 Harbor (map of ) 5, 20, 21 
 
 Horse Market 13 
 
 Hospitals 39 
 
 Hotels 39 
 
 Jamestovm Exposition. . .28, 29 
 
 Eandei^artens 25 
 
 Land Assessments 36 
 
 Libraries 38 
 
 Lumber 6, 7, 13 
 
 Manufacturing Industries, 
 ....11, 12, 13, 16, 16, 23, 34 
 
 Maps 5, 20, 21, 40 
 
 Markets 17, 18 
 
 Military Organizations 39 
 
 Municipal Buildings 38 
 
 Newspapers 39 
 
 Norfolk 1, 5, 20, 21 
 
 Oysters 13, 18 
 
 Parallel Growth 37 
 
 Parks 36 
 
 Peanuts 13 
 
 People 9, 10 
 
 Places of Amusement 39 
 
 Places of Interest 27 
 
 Population 3, 35, 37 
 
 Population (map of) 40 
 
 Portsmouth 1, 5, 20, 21 
 
 Postal Revenue 37 
 
 Railroads 2, 7, 39 
 
 Real Estate Sales 37 
 
 Real Estate Trust Deeds. ... 37 
 Real and Personal Assess- 
 ments 37 
 
 Rents 20, 21, 23 
 
 Retail Trades 14 
 
 Schools (private) 25 
 
 Schools (pubUc) 25, 38 
 
 Sewers (miles of) 38 
 
 Sinking Fund 39 
 
 Steamship Lines 39 
 
 Streets (miles of) 38 
 
 Street Railways 39 
 
 Summer Resorts 26 
 
 Table 1 30 
 
 Table II 31 
 
 Table III 31 
 
 Table IV 32 
 
 Table V 32 
 
 Table VI 33 
 
 Table VII 34 
 
 Table VIII 35 
 
 Table IX 36 
 
 Table X 37 
 
 Table XI 3S 
 
 Table XI (continued) 39 
 
 Taxes 22 
 
 Truck Farming 17, 18, 19 
 
 Truck Shipments 13, 17 
 
 U. S. Property 38 
 
 Wage Earners.... 11, 12, 14, 34 
 
 Wharf Facilities 6, 7 
 
 Wholesale Industries 14, 15, 16 
 
 Winery 13 
 
 Winter Resorts 26 
 
 Y. M. C. A 38 
 
^VifiS^*- 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING, 
 NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. 
 
 QUARTERS OF 
 BUSINESS MEN'S ASSOCIATION.