A GUIDE 
 
 TO 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL POINTS IN AND ABOUT 
 THE CITY. 
 
 
 Contain I N(. I^Tll Statistics in Reference to the Manu- 
 
 [ \( Tl'RlNli AND COMMERCIA! I .>lfERESTS, ThE ChURCHES, 
 
 Public Institutions, Etc., and a History 
 OF tfie City of Augusta. 
 
 I L L U STH AT ED . 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 .70HN L. MAXWELL, 
 CUf/ Editor of the Chronicle and Con»titHtloruiU)-t . 
 
 PLEASANT A. BTOVALL, 
 
 CUy Editor of the Evening Sentiitri. 
 
 T. R. GIBSON, 
 
 (Htf/ Editor of the Evening Neux. 
 
 AUGUSTA, G A.: 
 
 ;.>,.Nich <\ii(i r„nMUu.tionalist Book and Joh i'rintntij Eshn'ltxhuinU. 
 
 1878 
 
Class. 
 Book 
 
 Pa^ 
 
 i(^ih 
 
 — * 
 
 / 
 
 J.!L 
 
 ^ 
 
^Vy 
 
 mA W00k 0f ^iii^Bsta. 
 
 A GUIDE 
 
 TO 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL POINTS IN AND ABOUT 
 THE CITY. 
 
 Containing Full Statistics in Referlnce to the Mani 
 
 EACTURING AND COMMERCIAL INTERESTS, ThE ChUKCHES. 
 
 Public Institutions, Etc., and a History 
 OF the Citv of Augusta. 
 
 U 
 
 ILLUSTRATED,, "y ^^< 
 
 \ 
 
 >ILET) BY 
 
 'Vs!^r 
 
 JOHN L. MAXWELL, 
 
 City Editor of the Chronicle and ConstitiUionalint. 
 
 PLEASANT A. STOVALL. 
 
 City Editor oj the Evenitig Sentind. 
 
 T. K. GIBSON, 
 
 City Editor of the Evening iXeirx. 
 
 AUGUSTA, C.A.: 
 Chronicle and Comtitntionalist Book and Job Printinf/ E>itahh><hm(ut. 
 
 1878. 
 
Her Past Histobt. 
 
 CHAPTER I, 
 
 THE PAST HISTORY OF AUGUSTA-FROM AN IN- 
 DIAN TRADING POST TO A LARGE AND PROSPER- 
 OUS CITY. 
 
 A little over one hundred and fifty 3^ears ago the place where Augusta 
 now stands was a wilderness, peopled by Indians and wild beasts. Moca- 
 sined feet pressed the soil over which the commerce of the city now passes 
 and the savage war-whoop resounded a;ong the banks of the Savannah. 
 The town was laid out in the year 1735, under authority from the govern- 
 ment of Great Britain, and in the following year a British garrison was 
 stationed in the place. In a short time the embryo city became a place of 
 considerable importance as a trading settlement. A frontier outpost, it 
 was the resort lor scouts, and trappers and Indian traders, who bartered 
 with the savages. The annual fair of these traders was held every spring, 
 and to it the tribes resorted in great numbers. It is computed that over two 
 thousand pack horses aed six hundred men visited the place annually. It 
 went through the various phases incident to a picneer settlement until the 
 commencement of the Revolution. The town was the theatre of a severe 
 battle in 1780, wlien Col. Elijah Clarke made an unsuccessful attempt to 
 take the post from the British garrison under Col. Brown. An attack 
 made later in the war by Lee, Pickens and Clarke, resulted in the capture 
 of the place with the troops and their commander. One of the means used 
 by the Americaus to effect this result w^as a tall tower of logs, which over- 
 looked the fort and enabled the besiegers to fire down on the besieged. This 
 tower was located near where Broad and Lincoln streets now intersect. A 
 cannon ball used by the Americans was found imbedded in the earth close 
 to where the tower was erected, only a few years since. Three of the 
 cannon that were mounted on Fort Cornwallis, the principal British work, 
 are still in existence. One is used as a corner" post at the intersection of 
 Reynolds and Jackson streets, another does duty as a tombstone over the 
 grave of a revolutionary soldier in the City Cemetery, and the third is in the 
 possession of the Washington Artillery, mounted and in active use by that 
 
amaiiitMM I II I itiii t ' 
 
 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 corps. Augusta emerged from her baptism of fire, and still in embryo, 
 jogged along through the eighteenth century and into the nineteenth. The 
 members oi the first council were George Walker, James Pearce, Robert 
 Cresswell, Andrew Tunis, Isaac Herbert and William Longstreet. Imme- 
 diately after their election they met at the house of Mr. Nathaniel Durkee 
 and chose Thomas Gumming, as Intendant, and Jf)seph Hutchinson, Clerk. 
 In the fall of 1776 there were not more than forty or fifty houses in 
 Augusta, most of them built of logs. The river was then crossed by a ferry 
 boat owned by a Mr. Hicks. Harrisburg was a plantation, but houses 
 were raised there about 1794 Soon after the termination of the Revolution 
 people flocked here in scores. In 1805 there were no buildings west of 
 Campbell street. Around the site of the upper market was a cluster of 
 houses called Springfield. The lower part of the town was then the most 
 populous and fashionable. Ashton's Retreat, lower part of Broad street, 
 was the resort for the fashionables of the day. The public houses were 
 the Eagle Tavern, on Reynolds street, and the City Hotel, where DeGraaf 's 
 furniture establishment is now located. There were no warehouses for the 
 reception of cotton at this period. Each purchaser of cotton weighed it 
 before hi3 own door, where it remained, piled up between the trees on the 
 sidewalks, until sent off in boats. Barter was then much in vogue and the 
 proportion of the amount in goods v/hich the seller would take, would 
 frequently control the price of the article sold. At three or four gin houses 
 in the town much of the cotton raised in the vicinity and in Burke was 
 ginned. One of these was near the corner ot Broad and Washington streets. 
 The old court house was on the river bank, and here the Legislature of 
 Georgia assembled for some years, when Augusta was the capital of the 
 Stare. In 1785 Judge Walton, in his address to the jury, mentions that the 
 Legislature is soon to assemble iu Augusta and asks where they are to sit, 
 since thcire are no public buildings. It is probable from this, that the court 
 house that existed previously to that period, was destroyed during the war. 
 On the evening of April 3d, 1829, the "great fire" occurred. About 3 
 o'clock in the afternoon of that day tlames were discovered bursting from 
 the roofs of houses immediately in the rear of McMullin's buildings, situated 
 on the south side of Broad street, about six doors above Centre. The 
 houses on Broad street were soon on fire, and the wind blowing almost a 
 tornado from west to northwest, with frequent gusts from every quarter 
 of the compass, very soon blew the fire in floating flakes to parts of the 
 city distant at least three or four squares from the scene. In the compass 
 of the conflagration there were between ten and eleven squares, mostly well 
 built, and many of them stocked with dry goods and groceries, which last 
 were consumed as readily in the middle of the street, whither they were 
 removed, as if they had been permitted to remain in the burning stores. 
 The lower market house, a commodious and elegant building, was burned 
 at an early stage of the conflagration. A vast quantity of corn was destroy- 
 ed. The number of houses burned was estimated at from four to five 
 
Heb Past History. 
 
 5 
 
 huDdred, and the total loss at one million dollars. A third part of the town 
 was in ashes. Hamburg became comparatively densely populated in conse- 
 quence of the fire, many of the sufferers flocking to that place. The town, 
 however, soon recuperated and belter buildings were erected than those 
 that were destroyed. 
 
 Augusta escaped invasion during the late war between the States, and 
 became a city of refuge for thousands of people from New Orleans, Mobile 
 and other places occu]'it;d l)y the Federal armies. The population was 
 nearly double at that timt' what it was in 1860, but at the close of the war 
 the refugees returned home and the city was left to its original inhabitants. 
 While Sherman was on his march to the sea, and it was thought that he 
 would come to Augusta, thousands of bales of cotton were piled in the 
 streets and were freely offered at a dollar a bale in gold. In many instances 
 people took the risk of purchasing and made small fortunes in consequence, 
 as Sherman's troops gave Augusta the go-by. After the war the city settled 
 down and endeavored to make the best it could of the situation. For some 
 time it was under control of a military mayor and council, appointed by 
 Gen. Pope, but in 1868, when an election was held, Hon. Henry F. Russell, 
 the Democratic candidate for mayor, was elected by a large majority, 
 together with all the candidates for members of council (m the ticket with 
 him, good and substantial citizens. Since that day of deliverance the city 
 has been in the hands of her own people and has been enjoying good gov- 
 ernment, quiet and prosperity. Such, in brief, is a history of the beautiful 
 Fountain City, which, with its broad avenues, its magnificent arcades of 
 live oaks and elms, its handsome buildings and its healthy climate, is the 
 pride of its own people and the admiration of strangers. 
 
 It is probable that at the beginning of the century Augusta did not 
 contain more than 2,000 people. In 1845 a census, taken by the city 
 authorities, showed a population of 7,503—3,948 whites and 3,554 colored. 
 Another census in 1850 gives a total of 12,104. The United States census 
 of 1860 made the total number of inhabitants 12,493. The census of 1870 
 gave us 15,389, but a city census of 1872 placed the number at 19,985. 
 Another census in 1878 gave a result of 23,768 — whites 15,136, colored 
 8,632. The publishers of this work are satisfied that the present population 
 of the city and the adjoining suburbs is not less than 30,000. 
 
 General Washington visited Augusta on the 18th of May, 1791. Gov. 
 Telfair acted as host on the occasion and every preparation was made to 
 receive the Father of his Country. The citizens turned out en masse and 
 speeches were made welcoming the great chieftain to the town. A grand 
 ball and supper were given in the evening in honor of his visit. 
 
 The first bridge across the Savannah River was built by Wade Hampton 
 and was " ashed away by the Yazoo freshet in 1796. Previous to the 
 construction of the present bridge at the foot of Centre street, Walter Lee 
 and Edward Russell ovvned what is termed a push pole ferry, having held the 
 right of crossing the river at that point for many years. They were loth 
 
The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 to give it up, but finally yielded their consent to Messrs. Schultz'and Mc- 
 Kinue,'in consideration of the privilege of crossing upon the bridge free 
 with their families, negroes, stock, etc., for a period of thirty years. This 
 having been settled, the bridge was commenced in 1812 and completed in 
 1815. An interesting event is connected with the inauguration of the 
 bridge. Upon the day of its opening the news reached Augusta of General 
 Jacksons victory at New Orleans. In honor of this great triumph of the 
 Am(irican arms, the bridge was handsomely decorated and at night bril- 
 liantly illuminated. 
 
 In Jar.uary, 1798, Augusta was incorporated as a city. The executive 
 continued to be known as the Intendant until 1818, when the city was 
 chartered. The name of the chief magistrate was then changed to 
 "Mayor" 
 
 The first theatre was built in 1798, and stood on the river bank, near 
 Elbert. It was under the management of Charles Young when destroyed 
 by fire in 1833. We are told that shortly before its destruction the elder 
 Booth played here. Other celebrated actors played in this theatre. Soon 
 after its destruction another theatre was built on Ellis street, near Centre. 
 In this building the now famous Joe Jefferson, well known as " Rip Van 
 Winkle" played when a young man before his talents had become developed. 
 This place of amusement was burned on April 3d, 1829, during the " great 
 fire" and was succeeded by (Concert Hall, which was situated on Ellis 
 street, above Jackson, with the entrance on the former street. This build- 
 ing was afterwards enlarged and improved, and is the present Augusta 
 Opera House. 
 
 The first steamboat on the Savannah River made its appearance in 1817, 
 was called the Enterprue, and caused great wonder and consternation all 
 along the banks of the stream, people who had not heard of its coming, look- 
 ing upon it as some terrible marine monster. In Augusta, where it was 
 expected, its arrival was hailed with joy by the crowds who had assembled 
 to welcome it. The stores in the city were closed and hundreds of people 
 from the neighboring counties came to the city to see this great work of 
 ingenuity. Great curiosity was evinced to inspect its works, and many 
 paid one dollar, the fee charged for that privilege. 
 
 The comer stone of Masonic Hall was hiid with imposing ceremonies on 
 the 2d of June, 1828. An oration was delivered by the Hon. Wm. Schley. 
 The mayor and members of council were present. 
 
 The first religious worship was instituted in Augusta in 1757, when the 
 citizens built a church near the fort and offo red to build a parsonage, culti- 
 vate the glebe and pay a minister £20 .i year. Rev. Jonathan Copp, a 
 native of Connecticut, having been oi\lain'3d deacon and priest, accepted 
 the appointment and came to Augusta. He found a congregation of nearly 
 one hundred persons, but no parsonage or glebe land and very little pros- 
 pect of getting the £20 a year oif ered by the committee. He continued the 
 
Her Past History. 
 
 work for five years, after which he accepted the rectorship of St. John's 
 parish, where he died. 
 
 The first cemetery was St. Paul's churchj'ard, where many of the first 
 settlers of the place are buried. It was succeeded in 1818 b}"^ the present 
 City Cemetery. 
 
 Augusta sent nearly everj' available man to the front, in the armies of 
 the Confederate States, during the war. Eleven companies went forward 
 in three months, commencing April 1, 1861, and ending July 1, of the 
 same year. Up to July 1, 1862, the county had sent twenty-four compa- 
 nies to the field as follows : 
 
 Oglethorpe Infantry Co. A., 69 men; Walker Light Infantry, 60 men; 
 Washington Artillery, 64 men ; Blod ^ett Volunteers, 95 men ; Confederate 
 Light Guards, 76 men; Clinch Rifles, 94 men; Irish Volunteers, 80 men; 
 Letcher Guards, 80 men ; ludepcndcat Blues, 54 men; Davis Musketeers; 
 Montgomery Guards, 77; Richmond Hussars Co. A., 86 men; Schley Ri- 
 fles ; Crawford Rangers ; Isisbor Volunteers ; Oglethorpe Infantry, 
 Compan B., 66 men; Vigilant Rilles; Richmond Rough and Readys ; 
 Baker Volunteers ; Georgia Light Guards, 94 men ; Wilson Tigers, 116 
 men; Richmond Hussars, Co. B., 90 men; Augusta Rangers; Miiledge 
 Artillery. 
 
 There were a number of other companies organized after this and which 
 went actively into the field. Tliere were at least thirty companies in all 
 raised in Richmond county during tlie four years of the war. Not lest than 
 two thousand men out of a total white population of about ten thousand, 
 were in the service of the ConffKleracy, from Richmond coimty. , Of these, 
 292 were killed or died in service. 
 
Hbr Present History. 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 THE PRESENT OF AUGUSTA-ITS POPULATION, 
 >VEALTH, AND MANUFACTURING CAPACITY. 
 
 Beautiful Augusta! Home of refinement, of education and of thrift, 
 it sprung not up like a mushroom, with the exhalations of a night, but 
 growing^teadily and strongly like the oak, it increases in strength and 
 beauty with the progress of the years. Its genius sports in the rushing 
 waters which turn the wheels of its factories and its mills, nestles in the 
 white wealth of its cotton bales, delves, gnome like, in the hills that dot its 
 horizon, spans the streams with railroad bridges and rattles in the clajk of 
 the iron horse. Its merchants are famed for their probity and promptness, 
 and its commerce is laid on a solid basis. , 
 
 The city is situated on the Savannah River, at the head of nivigalion. 
 It is regularly laid ofe in squares and its streets are wide and level. Broad 
 and Greene streets are two of the finest boulevards in the Un on. The 
 width of the former is one hundred and sixty-seven feet, with substantial 
 pavements on either side. Spacious and well lighted stores linc^ it from 
 Centre to Marbury street, a distance of a mile. Among these are several 
 wholesale establishments which carry on an extensive trade with the sur- 
 rounding country, merchants *)om the towns and villages along the lines 
 of the different railroads purcht.sing their goods here in preference to going 
 elsewhere. The retail business is correspondingly great, and the volume of 
 trade in both amounts annually to many millions of dollars. 
 
 The city is one of the most important of the interior cotton ports, and 
 receives every year nearly 200,000 bales of the great stai)le. This branch 
 
JO The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 of business alone brings from ten to twelve millions of dollars into the city 
 during the twelve months, and gives employment to a large number of 
 people. The warehouses are located on Reynolds, Campbell, Jackson and 
 Mcintosh streets, and have ample accommodation for the crop. Of the 
 money received for cotton, it is fair to say that at least half a million of 
 dollars remains in Augusta in the way of commissions, storage fees, insur- 
 ance and other incidentals connected with the handling of the staple between 
 the producer and the manufacturer. Several large houses and manufacto- 
 ries of the North and in Europe have agents here who purchase thousands 
 of bales tor their principals. 
 
 The last city digest gives the total valuation of property at $14,455,792. 
 Of this amount $9,593,825 is in real estate. The tax assessed is one and 
 fifty-eight and one-third one hundreths per cent., which jields an annual 
 revenue of $228,883 37. In May, 1877, the City Council created a Sinking Fund 
 Commission for the purpose of retiring the city bonded debt, and this commis- 
 sion already holds $60,000 of bonds. One quarter of one per cent, of the 
 tax annually assessed is turned over to the commission to be used in the pur- 
 chase of city bonds. The interest on all bonds in the hands of the commis- 
 sion is paid annually by the city government, thus increasing the resources 
 and decreasing the debt in a more rapid ratio. The connnission was created for 
 fifteen years, and it is computed that at the end of that time^ it will have 
 retired more than a million dollars of the city's indebtedness, leaving less than 
 a million in existence. The bonds already command par in the market. 
 The interest, seven per cent., is paid promptly and regularly, and the faith 
 of the corporation will be sustaiued to the last cent by the people. Augusta 
 has always been a place upon whose integrity outsiders could rely. It has 
 never repudiated any of its indebtedness, and never will, but intends in the 
 future, as it has in the past, to pay its debts and maintain its credit untar- 
 nished. The city government consists of a mayor and tvv elve councilmen, 
 three from each of the wards. The former is elected for three and the 
 latter for one year. The salary of the mayor is $2,500 per annum. The 
 position of councilman is honorary, no compensation attaching to it. 
 
 The streets are kept in excellent condition and several of them have been 
 macadamized. The city is two miles and a half in length, and one mile and 
 a half in width. Its northern boundary, which is also the boundary of the 
 State, is the Savannah River, which is navigable during the greater part of 
 the year to this point, steamers plying regularly between Augusta and 
 Savannah. An effort is now on foot to induce Congress to grant an appro- 
 priation of a hundred thousand dollars for the purpose of improving the 
 channel of the stream, and rendering it navigable for at least a hundred 
 miles above Augusta, so that the rich and fertile valley of the Savannah, 
 naturally tributary to this city, may pour its wealth imo her lap. With the 
 active co-operation of our distinguished Representative in Congress, Hon. 
 A. H. Stephens, there is every hope that this project will prove successful. 
 
Her Present History. H 
 
 Mr. Stephens, at the solicitation of the mercantile comniunity, is also 
 endeavoring to secure from Congress an appropriation of one hundred 
 thousand dollars for the erection of a Government building here. This 
 building is to be used for a post-office, revenue offices and United States 
 court house. 
 
 There are forty-four stre.;ts in the city, all wide and generally bordered 
 by magnificent trees. Greene street and the lower and upper portions of 
 Broad street, especially, are noted for their splendid ayenues of oaks and 
 elms, and the stranger visiting the city never fails to speak of them in terms 
 of admiration. 
 
The Canal Enlakgeaient. 13 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 THE AUGUSTA CANAL— HISTORY AND PROGRESS 
 SIZE AND CAPACITY— COST OF ENLARGEMENT. 
 
 If there is one thing of which Augusta has a right to he proud above 
 others, it is her magnificent Water Power. The Augusta ("anal, which 
 cost from first to last, nearly two millions of dollars, is f)ne of the 
 greatest works of the kind in existence. It was projected originally by several 
 public-spirited citizens, prominent among whom may be mentioned the 
 late Colonel H. H. Cumming, the late W, M. D'Antignac, and Hon. 
 John P. King. These gentlemen, with six others, were elected by the 
 City Council of Augusta, a Board of Commissioners, " for the pur- 
 pose of constructing a canal from a point in the Savannali River, about 
 seven miles above, to the city of Augusta, for manufacturing purposes, 
 and for the better securing of an abundant supply of water to the city." 
 The work was commenced in 1845, and completed early in 1847. Th^ 
 dimensions were 40 feet surface width, 20 feet bottom, and 5 feet deep, 
 affording a total mechanical effect of about 600 horse powers. 
 
 It soon became evident that the canal was too small to supply the 
 demand for power, and the increasing demand for fire, doriK^stic and other 
 purposes, consequent upon the growth of the city. Temporary expedients 
 were devised and carried into effect from time to time in order to increase 
 the supply, and after the banks ol the canal had been raised so as to furnish 
 7 feet depth of water, its ultimate capacity was reached, and yet the 
 quantity furnished was entirely inadequate to supply the demand. 
 
 Under these circumstances the enlargement of the canal to its present 
 dimensions was decided upon by the City Council, and in March, 1872, the 
 work was commenced, and in July, 1875, was completed. 
 
 The dimensions and capacity of the canal are as follows : Length of 
 main canal or first level, 7 miles, and including second and third levels 9 
 
14 The Hand Boob: of Augusta 
 
 miles. Minimum water way, 150 feet at surface, 106 feet at bottom, and 11 
 feet deep, making an area of cross section of 1.408 square feet. The bulk- 
 head, locks, dam and other structures, are composed of stone-masonry 
 formed of granite rock, laid up in hydraulic cement mortar, and are of the 
 most substantial character. The area of openings for the supply of the canal 
 amounts to 1,463 square feet, and the entire waters of the Savannah River 
 are made available for maintaining the supply. There are about 275 acres 
 ot reservoirs exclusive of the canal proper and the pond above the bulk-head 
 and dam. Thei'e is a bottom grade or descent in the main canal of one 
 hundredth of a foot, in 100 feet, giving a theoretical mean velocity of two 
 and seventy -four one hundi*edths feet per second, or a mechanical effect 
 und^r the minimum fall between the first and thiid levels, or between the 
 first level and the Savannah River, below Rae's Creek, of upwards of 14,000 
 horse powers, not including available supply from the surface of the reser- 
 voirs. Of this immense power, but 1900 horse powers are contracted for, leav- 
 ing at least 13,000 horse-powers to be disposed of. The present price charged 
 for the water is $5 and 48-100 per horse power. The canal is owned by 
 the City of Augusta, and is under control of its council, and more immedi- 
 ately of the Canal Committee of that body. On the first level the city owns 
 from Thos. Heckle's line to Rae's Creek, a distance of nearly a mile. This 
 tract has been divided into two tiers of water lots most eligibly located for 
 using water. Parallel with the canal and adjacent thereto, is a street, sev- 
 enty feet wide, including the towing path of the canal. Four hundred feet 
 Irom this it is proposed to lay out another street parallel thereto, between 
 which and the river there will be a tier of lots upon which the water can be 
 used and discharged, with very little cost, directly into the river. The city 
 also owns on the opposite side of the canal a tract of land extending from 
 the Washington road nearly to Rae's Creek, containing ninety acres, ex- 
 ceedingly well located for the erection of dwellings for the use of opera- 
 tives. This land will be sold to lessees of water power at very low rates. 
 The total cost of the enlaigement of the canal was $822,866.69. 
 
• (trioN M ANrFACTORiES, Mills, Foundries, Etc. 15 
 
 CHAPTER IV, 
 
 COTTON MANUFACTORIES IN AND ABOUT AUGUSTA 
 MILLS AND FOUNDRIES— GAS COMPANY. 
 
 AUGUSTA FACTORY. 
 
 The Augusta Factory was the pioneer in the manufacture of cotton goods 
 in this section, and it has had an uninterrupted career of prosperity. C'om- 
 niencing business under the present management, in the year 1858, it stands 
 now a monument of enterprise and success, the pride of Augusta. The 
 capital stock of the company is nominally $600,000, but it is really 
 $1,000,000, as the property of the corporation is fully worth this amount. 
 Of this capital the stockholders have never paid in but $60,000. So great 
 was the success of the factory from the very start that no more was required, 
 aud the property has gone on increasing from year to year until it has 
 reached its present figure. Since the close of the war, the company has 
 paid in dividends to its stockholders the lai'ge sum of $1,326,000, more than 
 double its capital, aud over twenty times the amount paid in by the stock- 
 holders. For nine years its dividend was twenty per cent, per annum, and 
 it is now paying a regular annual dividend of eight per cent., two per cent, 
 a quarter. The last report of the President, Mr. W. E. Jackson, gives the 
 following as the result ol the preceding year's operations : 
 
 Goods Manufactured from 16th june, 1877, to 15th Juxe, 1878. 
 
 Poimds. Pieces. Yards. 
 
 4-4 2,165,794 147,210 6,498,336 
 
 7-8 700,930 50,688 2,517,361 
 
 3-4 574,088 50,770 2,571,964 
 
 30 Inch Drill 647,355 38,946 1,880,566 
 
 37 Inch Drill 557,941 27,264 1,309,110 
 
 4,646,108 314,878 14,777,837 
 
16 
 
 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 Bales of Manufactured Goods. 
 
 4-4 
 
 7-8 
 
 3-4 30inDr STinDr Total 
 
 On hand June 16th, 1877, 50 
 
 Made to June 16th, 1878, 5,970 
 
 23 
 
 3,066 
 
 23 
 
 3,038 
 
 13 
 1,999 
 
 1,394 
 
 130 
 13,467 
 
 6,030 2,089 
 Sold and consigned to 15th 
 June 1878 5,974 
 
 3,060 3,013 1,416 13,597 
 
 3,059 3,037 1,986 1,385 13,441 
 
 On hand June 15th, 1878, 46 30 33 36 31 156 
 
 Cotton consumed (equal to 11,819 bales 456 lbs. each) 5,389,485 lbs. 
 
 Average cost cotton 10.03 
 
 Average number looms running 770 
 
 Average number yards per loom per day 61.90 
 
 Average number hands employed 640 
 
 Aggregate wages paid $163,090 38 
 
 Aggregate sales $885,033 41 
 
 Average per day per warp spindle 10.05 oz 
 
 The main building is five stories high, five hundred feet in length and fifty 
 feet wide at the end, and ninety-two in the centre. There are besides two 
 L's, each five stories high and one iumdred and twenty feet long by forty- 
 four wide, and a mill in the rear three siories high, eighty feet long and 
 seventy-two wide. All are built of Augusta made brick. The total number 
 of spindles in the factory is 34,160. The manufacturing capacity is sixty- 
 two yards per loom per day of eleven hours, and the speed is one hundred 
 and ninety-five picks a minute. The cU)th manufactured is brown sheeting 
 and shirting. The operatives are all white, the majority of whom are 
 women, and all natives piinci pally of Georgia and South Carolina. 
 
 Mr. Wm. E. Jackson, the President of the company, has held that posi- 
 tion for twenty years. Mr. Francis Cogin, the Superintendent, is one of the 
 most experienced manufacturers in the United States, and a practical busi- 
 ness man. He has held his present position nineteen years. 
 
ii..\ \[ \\rF\cTOBiEs. Mills, Foundries, Etc. 
 
 17 
 
 ENTERPRISE FACTORY. 
 
 Augusta's chief reliance for progress in wealth and population ia upon her 
 manufactories, in esae and in futuro. Each loom put up adds to her im- 
 portance, and it is, therefore, not to be wondered ar that her citizens look 
 with interest to every new enterprise. People outside are fond of declar- 
 ing that Augusta is "slow;" that she lacks energy and go-aheadativeness, 
 characteristics so eminently belonging to the American. As an answer to 
 all this, without going further, we point to the Enterprise Factory as a 
 practical refutation. On the tenth day of March, 1877, a manufacturing 
 company was organized in this city, with a capital of one hundred and tifty 
 thousand dollars, under the title of the Enterprise Manufacturing Company, 
 having in view the manufacture of cotton goods. Major Geo. T. Jackson, 
 a prominent and enterprising citizen of Augusta, was elected President, and 
 measures were at once set on foot to erect a factory building. The mil^ 
 property of Geo. T. Jackson & Co., kuowu as the Granite Mills, was pur- 
 chased by the company as a site for the new factory. An excellent move 
 was made in the very beginning by engaging the services of Mr. J. S. 
 Davis, of Holyoke, Mass., as architect and superintendent. Mr. Davis is a 
 gentleman of extensive experience, and has had chai'ge of a number of fac- 
 tories in Massachusetts. The company certainly could not have made a 
 better selection for superintendent. Mr. Davis drew the plan for the new 
 building and superintended its erection. The first bricks for the new fac- 
 tory were laid on the 22d of March, but work was not commenced in earn- 
 est until the 1st of April. The job was pushed rupidl}' forward by Mr. 
 Wellington, who had cnarge of the carpenter work, and Mr. Judd, who 
 was in charge of the masonry department. The factory is an exceedingly 
 handsome structure, and retlects much credit upon the company. The 
 well known Granite Mill, which has long been a kndmark. and the brick 
 addition which was made a few years ago, have been preserved intact, and 
 form a part of the factory. The new building forma a right angle with the 
 old mill, and extends toward Greene street. The old building is four sto- 
 ries in height, and is 120 feet long b}' 40 wide. The ne w building is 236 
 feet long by 74 wide, and is threestories high. The first and second sto- 
 
18 
 
 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 ries are each 13|^ feet in height, and the third is 15 feet. A large number 
 of windows of uniform size give light and ventilation to the building. In 
 the centre of the new building is a very pretty tower 100 feet in height. 
 All the workmanship about the building is first-class. Every door is so 
 hung that it can be opened by pushing it from either side, thus rendering 
 escape easy for the operatives in case of fire or accident. Every convenienc 
 is supplied. 
 
 The first story of the new building is devoted to the carding machines. 
 The second floor, one immense hall, is the weaving room, and the third 
 is the spinning room. In this room are ten mules (don't start, uninitiated 
 reader; ;we don't mean live, kicking mules, but educated machinery), 
 which do the spinning, and wonderful looking affairs they are. On the first 
 floor of the old building is located the picker room. The boiler room, 
 which is tire proof, is located at the northeast corner of the new building, 
 and has a chimney 96 feet in height. The company manufactures cotton 
 goods of about four yards to the pound — more of the character of what we 
 call s^a island goods. The Enterprise Factory has been put in operation 
 at a cost of about twenty dollars per spindle or fully one-half less than it 
 cost other companies in the past. The Factory has 13,892 spindles and 
 242 looms in operation. 
 
 THE GRANITEVILLE FACTORY. 
 
 Twelve miles from Augusta in Aiken county, S. C, on the line of the 
 Charlotte; Columbia and Augusta Railroad, is situated the large and hand- 
 some factory of the Graniteville Manufacturing Company. It is decidedly 
 one of the most imposing and best built structures in this section and is the 
 life giving spirit of the thriving village which surrounds it. The stnicture 
 is built of stone, in the most substantial and compact manner. It manu- 
 factures brown sheetings and shirtings which find ready sale in the Northern 
 markets. Its President, Mr. H. H, Hickman, of Augusta, is one of the 
 most progressive and successful men of the day and much of the success of 
 the company is due to his able management. The total capacity of the 
 factory is 23,728 spindles and it employs 600 operatives, natives ot the 
 stction in the immediate vicinity. The factory is supplied with a fire 
 department and has every appliance for extinguishing a fire on a moment's 
 notice. The machinery is of the most improved description. 
 
 The production of the Mill from February 25lh, 1877 to March 2d, 1878, 
 inclusive — 53 weeks — was as follows : 
 
 4-4 Sheeting 1,565,520 lbs 99,424 pieces. 4,655,000 yds. 
 
 7-8 Shirting 817,183 " 62,957 " 2.965,000 " 
 
 7-8 Drilling 557,575 ^' 36,353 " 1,667,000 " 
 
 3-4 Shirting 305,666 " 28,022 " 1,391,000 " 
 
 40 in. Sheeting 77,051 " 4,569 " 205,888 " 
 
 Total 3,322,095 lbs 231,325 pieces. 10,883,888 yds. 
 
Cotton Manufactories. Mills, Foundries, Etc. 
 
 19 
 
 The consumption of cotton was an aggregate of 8,901,057 pounds, or 
 8,669 bales of 450 pounds each, of the cost value ot $411,765 40— an 
 average cost of 10 56-100 cents per pound. 
 
 The following tabular statement shows the production of the factory, 
 dividends paid, net profits realized and losses incurred during the past ten 
 years. The several sums named imder the head of "Losses" express rather 
 the sums drawn f jom the profits of previous years to complete the divi- 
 dends paid in those years. In other words, the profits were the dividends 
 less the losses : 
 
 
 Pounde i Yards of 
 of Cloth 1 Cioth 
 Manufact'd, Manutact'd. 
 
 Av'ge 
 Lbs. pr 
 Week 
 
 Average 
 
 Y.ls. pr 
 
 Week 
 
 Dividends 
 
 Profits 
 
 Losses 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1878 
 1874 
 1S75 
 
 2,642,242 8,614,459 
 2,570,800 8,648.280 
 2,705,117 8,954.875 
 2,839,030 9,572,882 
 2,946,762 9,889,400 
 2,981,069 9,743,00U 
 3,151,105 10.536,500 
 3,199,394 10,663,293 
 3,039,461 9,974,794 
 8,322,995 10,883,888 
 
 29,898,975 97,479,471 
 
 50,880 
 49,438 
 52,021 
 54,597 
 56,668 
 57,328 
 60,598 
 61,527 
 58.451 
 63,904 
 
 165,720 
 166.217 
 172,209 
 184,094 
 190,180 
 187,365 
 202,625 
 205,068 
 191,828 
 209; 805 
 
 71,650 00 
 57,820 00 
 57,320 00 
 60,902 50 
 107,475 00 
 71,650 00 
 96,000 00 
 60,000 00 
 24,000 00 
 48,000 00 
 
 $654,317.50 
 
 61,842 13 
 20,063 86 
 99,756 40 
 164,494 87 
 84,753 95 
 86,542 01 
 
 15,417 16 
 37,872 97 
 
 1,772 12 
 
 55,062.25 
 
 1876 
 
 
 1877 
 1878 
 
 T'tl 
 
 18,296 65 
 535,249.37 
 
 From this exhibit it appears that the production of the mill has increased 
 year after year, excepting two years of the period under review, and attests 
 the fact that judicious expenditures have been made in the purchase of ad- 
 ditional new machinery, and in the substitution of new for old machinery. 
 Dividends have also been paid of the aggregate per centum of more than 
 109 per cent, of the present capital stock, or nearly 10 91-100 per cent, per 
 annum, whilst the surplus has been increased from $6,664.27, February 
 29th, 1868, to $480,187.12, March 1st, 1878. Of this latter sura $153,909.25 
 were appropriated to the purchase and subsequent cancellation of $116,500 
 of the former capital stock. The surplus now amounts to the sum of $832, 
 902.14. 
 
 To form some adequate idea of the vastness of the work which has been 
 done, it is only necessary to adduce the additional fact that the expenditures, 
 provided for out of the gross receipts since March Isi, 1869, amount to 
 $330,720.59. The taxes alone foot up $87,035.01. Including dividends, 
 net profits and expenditures, the gross profits amount to more than one 
 million and a half dollars. The capital stock is $000,000. 
 
 The Superintendent, Mr. J. H. Rowland, is a gentleman of long experi- 
 ence in manufacturing. 
 
 The Company has recently erected a large mill at Vaucluse, S. C, three 
 miles from Granitville, with a capacity of ten thousand spindles. The 
 building is constructc d of brick, on a stone foundation. Number jf opera- 
 tives, 225. 
 
The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 THE LANGLEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
 
 Was organized March 21st, 1870, under a charter granted by the State of 
 South Carolina, and the office of President was unanimously tendered to 
 Mr. Wm. C. Sibley, then a merchant, living in New Orleans, who was also 
 alloAved to do any business on his own account, that did not conflict with 
 the interests of the company Mr. Sibley accepted the position of Presi- 
 dent and removed to Augusta, in May, 1870. The mill of the company is 
 located at Langley, South Carolina, about eight miles from Augusta, on the 
 South Carolina Railroad. Operations were commenced immediately to 
 complete the village, dam and mill. In July, 1871, the dam was carried 
 away, which delayed opei'ations, and the mill was not in full operation 
 until March, 1873, and has been successfully rui^ since that time, earning 
 the iDorst year over seven per cent., and has earned in one year over twen- 
 ty-five per cent. 
 
 When the mill was complete, the companj-^ had spent some $415,000, or 
 about $15,000 more than their capital, for a debt to commence with, and 
 no commercial capital, and consequently, for several years paid out large 
 sums of money for interest. Notwithstanding which, the profit from man- 
 ufacturing the five years, from 1872 to 1876 inclusive, was $318,833.64 ; 
 less interest paid these five years, $25,107.80 ; leaves a profit for five years, 
 $293,725.84; to which add profit from manufacturing in 1877, $366,946; 
 to which add profit from interest, etc. in 1877, $518.02; profit from manu- 
 facturing in six years, from 1872 to 1877 inclusive, $330,940.82 ; less bad 
 debts charged off for the six years, $5,532.36 ; leaves net profit from man- 
 ufacturing in six years, $325,407.96. 
 
 The company has now in operation 328 looms and 10,560 spindles and 
 have increased their production from 46 yards of cloth per day in March, 
 1872, to an average of 62 15-100 yards per loom per day, for the six months, 
 ending December 31st, 1877. 
 
 Their production for the year 1877, ^"^as 130,107 pieces, 2,033,562 pounds 
 or 6,221,512 yards of brown sheeting, shirting and drills, and they consumed 
 in that year, 5,426 bales of cotton, weighing 2,460,800 pounds. 
 
 The paid up capital of the mill, is $400,000, which was invested in the 
 village, mill, water power and about 4,500 acres of land since, 1872. The 
 company has built some twenty houses. Lave added 28 looms, 960 spindles 
 and other machinery to the mill. All of which together with the $15,000 
 spent originally in excess of their capital, has been charged to profit and loss; 
 and after paying their last dividend in July, the company had a surplus 
 fund of $150,000. 
 
 When the company was organized in 1870, probably half a dozen souls 
 covered t le population of where the preseiit village of Langley is located, 
 and the population is now 825, and a happy people in a thriving village, 
 which was a barren spot a few years back, and would be nothing more to- 
 
Cotton MANnFAcroRiEs, Mills, Foundries, Etc. 21 
 
 da}', but for this niannfacturing enterprise which has been so successfully 
 managed, and during the most depressed period this country has experi- 
 enced financially for very many years. 
 
 The company has water power to run 10,000 additional spindles and 300 
 additional looms, and it is expected at no distant day that they will 
 avail of it to increase the capacity of their mill to that extent. The 
 Company has just completed an addition to their warehouse, large enough 
 to hold 1,500 bales more of cotton, and is is now first-class in every respect, 
 having sprinklers and steam beside, and other appliances for quenching 
 quickly au}-^ fire. 
 
 The village is neatly laid out an,] kept in perfect order, under the super- 
 vision of the Superintendent, Mr. M. F. Foster. The mill and village are 
 well worth a visit from those who feel an interest in such enterprises and 
 can be easily reached by rail. 
 
 THE AUGUSTA COTTON TIE COMPANY. 
 
 Few people in Augusta, perhaps, are aware that our city numbers among 
 its industries a manufactory of iron ties for fastening cotton bales. The 
 factory is located in a brick building in the yard of the old Goodrich work- 
 shop. It is operated by Messrs, R. G. Stewart & Co., w^ho are manufactur- 
 ing the " Augusta Cotton Tie," the invention of Mr. Stewart, and patented 
 by him. The peculiar feature of the tie is its fastening, which is a simple 
 screw, easily adjusted. This season the firm will manufacture 10,000 bundles 
 of ties, which are sold at $2 15 per bundle. They employ nineteen hands, 
 principally colored men. Next season the firm expect to purchase new 
 machinery and to greatly enlarge the capacity of the factory. They find 
 ready demand for all the ties manufactured. The firm is composed of 
 Messrs. R. G. Stewart, E. J. O'Connor and Mathew Rice, all of this city^ 
 The punches used to make the holes in the ties were invented by Mr. 
 Stewart. The firm is preparing, also, to manufacture the Rice carving and 
 moulding machine, invented by Mr. M. Rice. 
 
 THE DUBLIN MILLS. 
 
 Among the new enterprises before the people is the Dublin mills, an or- 
 ganization for which was perfected in December, 1877, by the election of a 
 Board of Directors and a President, Mr. James A. Gray. The building in- 
 tended for the factory is located on Jackson street on tiie second level. It 
 is built of brick, is 50 by 100 feet in length and breadth, and was origi- 
 nally constructed for an osnaburg factory, but later used for the manufac- 
 ture of machinery. It three and a half stories high, the walls of great 
 thickness and of ample strength to bear with perfect safety the machinery 
 of the factory into which it is to be converted. It is now unoccupied, 
 
The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 is in a good state of repair, has a metalic roof, is located near the bank of 
 the canal, has a raceway and wheel pit already constructed. The whole 
 structure can be made as good as new by vhe expenditure of a few hun- 
 dred dollars. Near this, on the right, is another strongly built brick build- 
 ing, one story high and 50 by 150 feet, intended and now well adapted for a 
 warehouse. Like the other or main building its walls are strong and in a 
 fine state of preservation. There are other minor improvements upon the 
 grounds, but perhaps none of them can be utilized by the new company. 
 The lot is 700 by 400 feet, nearly seven acres. 
 
 The grounds occupy just one square of that end of Augusta, and are 
 bounded as follows : East by Jackson street, south by Adams, west by 
 Campbell, and north by D'Antignac, The canal runs right through this 
 square, affording an abundance of water now, and promising it for al' 
 time to come. Another great advantage the location has, it is within ^ 
 stone's throw of the depots where all our railways centre. Freights to and 
 from the factory can be landed and taken away by the cars nearly at its 
 doors, or at least will have to be carted only a few yards. 
 
 There is ample room upon the reservation, or ground, which Mr. Gray 
 subscribes to the capital stock, to enlarge the factory in future to great size 
 and capacity, and plenty of room for the erection of operatives' and such 
 other houses as may be necessary for the proper running of it. It is right 
 in the general neighborhood of the great Augusta Factory and all our other 
 works along the canal. The city is rapidly advancing in that direction, as 
 is well known. Indeed, many of the dwellings erected in Augusta during 
 the past three or four years have been put up out that wa3^ It is, perhaps, 
 the most eligible place which could be selected for the proposed enterprise, 
 and the buildings already up and which can be put up in readiness to receive 
 the looms and spindles in a few weeks, give the company, most certainly, a 
 good send off. There is ample space in the main structure for the receptacle 
 of oie hundred looms and other macLineiy in proportion. 
 
 Mr. Gray values the buildings and grounds at f 50,000, and takes the 
 amount in stock of the company. The capital stock is fixed at $150,000. 
 
 It is contemplated to make checks, suca as are manufactured by the 
 Eagle and Phoenix Mills of Columbus or the mill at Athens. It is well 
 knovrn that these goods always meet ready sale, and at forty-five to fifty 
 cents per pound, which they usually sell for, are very profitable. We have 
 no mill i':i Augusta or in South Caroli la which makes this class of goods. 
 We will have enough demand right around home here for all that the fac- 
 tory can turn out. 
 
Cotton Manxtfaotoeies, Mills, Foundries, Etc. 23 
 
 AUGUSTA OIL COMPANY. 
 
 The Augusta Oil Company's works are located in the old Paragon Mills, 
 which were almt)St entirely rebuilt and put in fine condition. The brick 
 mill is three stories in height. A large wooden warehouse attached is used 
 for the storage of cotton seed. The seed are carried up through elevators 
 to the third story of the mill, where they are divested of all the cotton 
 which adheres to them after they have gone through the ordinary gin itX the 
 plantation. Quite an amount of lint cotton is thus secured. While this 
 lint is not of verv long staple, it is still a very fair article. After leaving 
 the gin the seed go down to the hnllers, where the husk is broken away 
 irom the kernel. The mass then goes up stairs again to the separator, 
 where the husks and kernels are separated. The kernels now take a second 
 journey to the second floor and are passed between heavy rollers, which 
 mash them into a sort of pulp. The latter is put into large iron heaters and 
 thoroughly cooked. Afrer undergoing this process it is emptied into bags, 
 which are put between hair mats. These, with their contents, are then 
 placed in a hydraulic press and an inmiense pressure applied. Tlie oil runs 
 into a long trough and thence into a tank, from which it is dipped out and 
 put into barrels. This crude oil is either sold to refiners or shipped to the 
 mill, at Nashville, to be refined. The pulp which remains in th 3 sacks is 
 cornpressed into^hard cakes. A portion of these are ground into ine meal, 
 to-6e used either as stock feed or a fertilizer. The ^ cakes are exported 
 largely to England, where they are in great demand as stock feed, A ton 
 of cotton seed produces about thirty-iwo gallons of oil and 1,000 pounds of 
 meal, besides the husks and lint. 
 
 THE GLOBE MILLS. 
 
 The Globe Cotton Mills, owned by A. K. Clark, situated on the sec" 
 ond level of of the canal, near Marliury street, manufactures cotton yams 
 and carpet warp. Its capacity is 1,728 spindles. The Sterling Mills, with a 
 somewhat smaller capacity, manufacture the same goods. 
 
 GAS LIGHT COMPANY. 
 
 The Gas Light Company of Augusta, of which Dr. L. A. Dugas is 
 President, owns extensive w^orks on Jackson street, the capacity of which 
 is 200,000 cubic feet per day. The gas is made from coal, and is of a very 
 supeiior quality. It is sold at four dollars per one thousand cubic feet* 
 The mains of the company traverse nearly every street. The city is lighted 
 at night with the gas made by this company. The works are of the most 
 improved description. Mr. G. S. Hookey, the energetic '^Supf-rintendent of 
 the company, looks after its interests carefully, and, as he is a i::entleman 
 
24 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 of large experience, and understands the manufacture of gas, in all its de- 
 tails, sees to it that the customers of the company are supplied with the 
 very best article. The light is clear and brilliant, and gives general satis- 
 faction. The works are among the most extensive in the South, and the 
 managers keep up with all the latest improvements. It is their aim to 
 please the patrons of the institution, while, at the same time, making it pay 
 a dividend to the stockholders on their investment. The works have every 
 facility for manufacturing gas, and the supply is never failing. The com- 
 pany is one of the popular institutions of the city. 
 
 ICE COMPANY. 
 
 The Augusta Ice Company's Works are located on Twiggs street. The 
 Company manufactures about 18,000 pounds of ice, daily, which retails 
 at one cent a pound. 
 
 TWO PICTURES— THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH AS MANUFAC 
 TURING CENTRES. 
 
 We at the South claim that we can successfully compete with the North 
 in certain manufactures, and not only compete, but practically absorb the 
 entire business. We refer, now, principally to such well known fabrics as 
 standard sheetings and shirtings, brown, or uobleached heavy goods, which 
 constitute iu a great measure the products of all Southern cotton mills. We 
 propose to show that such is the case, not by mere theory or speculation, 
 but facts gathered from the best sources, from experienced men, who are in 
 a situation to know whereof they speak. 
 
 We interviewed Mr. Francis Cogin, Superintendent of the Augusta Fac- 
 tory, Mr. H. H. Hickman, President of the Graniteville Factory, and Mr. 
 Wm. C. Sibley, President of the Langley Mills, with the following result : 
 
 WHAT MR. COGIN SAYS. 
 
 Interviewer— What is your experience in regard to the relative advanta- 
 ges of the North and South for the location of cotton manufactories ? 
 
 Mr. Cogin— There is no question but that the South possesses vastly su- 
 perior advantages in many ways. We have one of the best climates in the 
 world. The atmosphere has just the proper humidity for manufacturing 
 purposes. Now, at the North, the air becomes so dry that steam has to be 
 introduced into ihe weaving room to dampen the atmosphere, so as to pre- 
 vent the threads from breaking. We never have any such trouble as that 
 here. Again, the mills often have to stop because the water courses are 
 frozen up. This \niver happens at the South, and we can therefore run un- 
 interruptedly. We can get a plenty of excellent white labor. In fact, it is 
 luuch better than that which the Northern mills now have. It is equal to 
 the "Yankee" labor the Northern mills used to have, but wiiich they don't 
 
Cotton Manufactories, Mills, Foundries, Etc. 25 
 
 get now. We can make more yards of cloth per loom than they can, run- 
 ning the same number of hours as they do, and we can, therefore, afford 
 to sell it cheaper. Our water power is plentiful, and cheaper on the ave- 
 rage than at the North. They can't begin to compete with us where they 
 have to use steam. It costs less than six dollars per horse power here for 
 water, while at Fall River, where steam is used, the cost is forty-two dol- 
 lars per horse power. It would nt pay the Augusta Factory, for instance, 
 to use steam instead of water, if all the necessary fuel was put down at the 
 factory free. The Atlanta Factory has been referred to as an instance of 
 failure at the South, but it should be remembered that that factory has 
 never been at work yet. It will be in operation in a short time, and then 
 we will be able to see what it can do. The operatives in the Augusta Fac- 
 tory work eleven hours a day. There is a superabundance of white labor 
 here, and we never have had a machine stopped for the want of help during 
 the nineteen years I have been with the Augusta Factory. If we were to 
 start a mill of the same size of ours to-day, we would have sufficient skilled 
 labor in two weeks to run it. 
 
 This testimony, coming from such a source, is very important. Mr. 
 Cogin is a Northern man who has had practical experience with Northern 
 cotton factories, as well as at the South, and therefore, speaks by the 
 book. 
 
 MR. HICKMAN ON THE SUBJECT. 
 
 In all the country. North or South, there has been no more successful 
 enteiprise than the Graniteville Factory under the management of Mr. H. 
 H. Hickman, as President. Mr. Hickman is a close observer and shrewd 
 busicess man and he-never speaks unless he has the facts and figures before 
 him upon which to base his assertions. What he has to say, therefore, 
 must necessarily have much weight. 
 
 Mr. Hickman, in response to a request, proceeded to state some facts in 
 regard to the subject under consideration which threw considerable light 
 upon it. In reference to cotton manufactories, Mr. Hickman said there 
 could be no comparison between the North and South. The Soutli will 
 eventually drive the North out of the market in brown goods, standard 
 sheetings and shirtings. It is practically doing it now. The North is 
 building no new mills for the manufacture of these gooods. When North- 
 ern mills were com]}elled to sell their goods at cost he could sell at a fair 
 profit. He had no commissions to pay agents to buy cotton as Northern 
 mills did, because he bought it himself, more than half of it right at the 
 mill. Getting the cotton right here, he had, of course, no freight to pay. as 
 was the case with Northern mills, and he was satisfied that he could buy 
 cotton to a better advantage than the agents of those mills ; in fact he was 
 assured that he made a half a cent a pound in this way. He could get a 
 plenty of white labor and cheaper than Northern mills could. His opera- 
 tives could live one-half the expense of those at the North. The latter used 
 
26 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 four times as much fuel, at twice the price per cord, while provisions were 
 as cheap here as in Massachusetts. To sum up then, first, labor is cheaper; 
 second, the operatives can live cheaper ; third, he has no coramisssions to 
 pay for buying cotton ; fourth, he has no freight to pay on cotton ; fifth, 
 the larger proportion of goods are sold without paying commissions, and 
 sixth, he can run his mill all the year. The Graniteville mill has not stop- 
 ped work two weeks in eleven years on account of water or weather. He 
 finds sale for eighty per cent, of his products at home. He has sold sixty 
 thousand dollars worth of goods to Knoxville, alone, in one year. He has 
 built the ndw mill at Vaucluse with the surplus of the Graniteville company 
 without calling on the stockholders for a dollar, and he will be able to run 
 it at three-fourths of the expense, in proportion to its size, that it costs to 
 run Graniteville, because it is a modern mill, with all the modern improve- 
 ments. Graniteville is one of the most difficult mills in the country to run, 
 because it has been pieced from time to time, and yet people can see how 
 successfni that has been. It costs less to build a mill than ever before. 
 Labor an.'i material are cheaper. 
 
 MR.' Sibley's statement. 
 
 Mr. W. C. Sibley, the energetic and able President of the Laugley Mills, 
 has conducted the affairs of that company with so much vigor, in an inter- 
 view, said that the mills in tliis city had sold, within the past three years, 
 some five thousand bales of goods, that w^ere delivered ia New York for 
 export to England, the continent of Europe, Africa and South America. 
 The United States have aw^arded the contract for sheeting needed for the 
 Indian supplies to the Langley standard sheeting, made in this vicinity, for 
 three years. This contract is let out in New York and the goods delivered 
 there, thus competing successfully with goods made in New England. In 
 regard to the labor he says ; " As to the labor. I have been President of the 
 Langley Manufacturtng Company of South Carolina, since its organization 
 in 1870, and have had no difficulty in getting as good and reliable white 
 labor as there is in New England, and who cheerfully work eleven hours 
 per day, and could obtain more if we had any use for th(im, and many of 
 them are Southern born and have learned their trade in our own mill." He 
 challenges any mill in New England to show as great a production of goods 
 per loom and yarn per spindle (on the same style of goods) or a cheaper 
 cost of manufacturing. He concludes by saying that the South has the best 
 climate for manufacturing ; the water power, the cotton, the men and the 
 women necessary to successful manufacturing. She lacks the capital, but 
 notwithstanding that she has competed successfully with New England in 
 the manfac!iure of brown sheetings, shirtings and drills, both for the home 
 and foreign trade. 
 
Cotton Manttfactokies, Mills, Foundries, Etc. 27 
 
 PENDLETON & BROTHER. 
 
 This firm, composed of William autl John Pendleton, both well known 
 citizens, are proprietors of one of the largest and best machine shops and 
 foundries in the South. Their works are on Kollock street, opposite the 
 mills of George T. Jackson & Co., and get water power from the second 
 level of the Augusta canal, which is now utilized to the extent of fifteen 
 horse poM'er and can be increased indefinitely. 
 
 Messrs. Pendleton commenced their works in 1865, without any material, 
 machinery or a single pattern, and with small and poorly arranged shops 
 and now they have large and commodious shops and well arranged machin- 
 eiy, and at least $5,000 worth of patterns. 
 
 This firm is well known among the most substantial business men in 
 Augusta, and they fill orders in all parts of the couniry. Between thirty 
 and forty men are employed constantly in the machine shops and foundry 
 and their work is well done and of the best style. 
 
 The variety of articles is as noteworthy as their excellence and, among 
 the more important manufactures may be classed, steam engines and general 
 mill finding and gearing, leather and gum belting, brass work of all kinds 
 and piping for water or steam. Boilers and engines are repaired and mechani- 
 cal tools of all descriptions made or repaired. Turbine water-wheels, reaping 
 and UKAving machines, wood working machinery, threshing and farming 
 machines are manufactured and gin and gear are also made. Castings for 
 mills, pans, pumps, shaftings pulleys and hangers are made in the best style 
 while iron fronts and railings are gotten up in especial taste. In tact 
 everything in the mechanical line is manufactured and orders are promptly 
 filled. Thoroughly reliable, they do work very cheap and the machine 
 shop of Pendleton & Brother is not only worth seeing and patronizing, but 
 is one of the most imj ortaut industries of Augusta. 
 
 FORREST CITY FOUNDRY AND MACHINE WORKS, 
 
 GEO. K. LOMBARD & CO., PROPRIETORS. 
 
 Augusta is fast demonstrating to the world by its factories, machine shops 
 and manufacturing interests that it can produce everything necessarj" for 
 the succeessf ul and prosperous advance in every branch of industry, or in 
 other words is illustrating by its home manufactures its independence of 
 the old time orders from the North and different sections of the country. 
 Prominent among these experiments of our home manufactures stand the 
 firm oi Geo. R. Lombard & Co. The firm is one of the most substantial in 
 the city, Mr. Lombard beinir a 3^oung man of business ability and one who 
 gives his works his strict and undivided attention. Mr. Harman Rowley is 
 interested financially, and he is one of the strongest capitalists in the State. 
 Mr. Lombard, who manages the large foundry and machine shops on Fen- 
 wick St., near the Augusta Factory, although quite a young man, is thor- 
 
28 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 oughly experienced, having taken charge of tlie works early in 1870. At 
 that time the works were small and not properly fitted, and only fifteen 
 hands were employed. They now are among the largest and best fitted 
 in the South, and steady employment is offered for forty hands. The 
 outfit is complete and each department I'eflects the care and perfect order 
 of the proprietor. Some of the finest machinery in the South is stored in 
 these shops, Mr. Lombard having the largest lathe in the city for turning 
 pulleys, locomotive drive wheels, etc., and the finest shafting lathe in the 
 South. Numerous lathes for general work, planes, shaping machines, gear 
 cutters, for making fine factory gear, boring and slotting machines, drill 
 presses and other tools all go to make up the magnificent net work of ma- 
 chinery daily employed in turning out every description of iron work. In 
 connecti(m with the foundry is one of the finest and largest collection of 
 patterns in the whole country. 
 
 The iron for the foundry is brought from North Georgia, and obtained 
 from the Cherokee Iron Co. This ore is as good and pure as any in the 
 world. About 3000 pounds of casting is done each day, and a large cupola 
 is used when extra large castings are to be made. The largest casting ever 
 made in Augusta was at this foundry, consisting of a bed plate for the hy- 
 draulic press in the Augusta Factory, weighing 6,000 pounds. The capaci- 
 ty for casting is however over 10,000 pounds. 
 
 Every thing in a mechanical way for use or ornament is turned out in the 
 best style, from the finest, most delicate and intricate factory work to the 
 heaviest railroad material. Railroad and factory work, mill work, casting 
 for pumps and general repair-s and iron works of every description are man- 
 ufactured, while the iron fronts and fencing cast at the Forest City Found- 
 ry are particularly fine. More saw mill work is done here than at any shops 
 in the South as material is furnished and all repairs made. Gin ribs and 
 gear never before made in this section are manufactured and many classes 
 of fine work hitherto oixlered from Northern shops and foundries. Messrs. 
 Lombard »& Co. keep their own stock of bar iron, thus making the filling of 
 orders cheaper and (juicker and obviating the exti'a profit charged by those 
 who order elsewhere. Sugar rollers and kettles, and pumps for mines and 
 general use ai-e among the finest castings made, and in fact, Lombard & Co. 
 are prepared to till orders for anything in their line. All work for the Au- 
 gusta, Langley, Graniteville and Jewells Factories and part for the Enter- 
 prise Factory, work for the Georgia Railroad and Port Royal Railroad, the 
 Georgia Chemical Works and all the flour mills in Augusta, is done at Lom-- 
 bard's foundry and machine works, and orders are filled for every part of 
 the country. These facts show the estimation in which the shops and the 
 proprietoi-8 are held, and it is a matter of congratulation that Augusta has 
 such a worthy home enterprise as Lombai'd's foundry and machine works. 
 
The Chemical Works. 29 
 
 GEORGIA CHEMICAL WORKS. 
 
 Immediately after the war, wheu the sale of fertilizers first became an 
 important trade witli the Southern farmer, the Patapsco Guano of Balti- 
 more began to grow in popularity. One of its first agencies was established 
 in Augusta by Mr. G. W. Gratflin, wlio placed his fertilizer under the 
 management of Gen. M. A. Slovall. The etlicieucy of the fertilizer was 
 marked, and year by year the demands for those grades so increased in 
 Georgia and Carolina, that finally the idea arose of forming a Georgia 
 comp'any, building a factory in Augusta which could assist the Baltimore 
 mills in supplying the South with Patapsco Guano. Accordingly, in 1876, 
 the company was organized with a paid up capital of $300,000, Hon. Benj. 
 C. \ancey being elected President, and Gen. M. A. Stovall, Treasurer, and 
 mills were built. These works are the most extensive of the kind in the 
 South, and are supplied with every convenience and appliance for the manu- 
 facture of fertilizers of various grades. 
 
 The manufacturing facilities amount to 12,000 tons per annum, and dur- 
 ing the busy season, tnese mills ship 150 tons per day to all parts of the 
 States of Georgia, Alabama, and North and South Carolina. The Georgia 
 farmers, especiallv, are using great quantities of them, patronizing them 
 not only as a home industry, but on account of their intrinsic merits, and 
 find them as valuable to place upon their grain crops as in their cotton 
 rows. The State Commissioner of Agriculture, in a recent report on the 
 commercial value of fertilizers, thus classes the grades prepared by the 
 Georgia Chemical Works : 
 
 The first grade is the Patapsco Guano, containing 11.28 of available phos- 
 phoric acid'i 3.41 of ammonia, 2.38 of potas^h, with a commercial value of 
 $44 28. The second is the Grange mixture: 11.40 available phosphoric 
 acid, 2.15 ammonia, 2.52 potash; commercial value, $40 27. The third is 
 Low'e's Georgia Formula: 11.84 available phosphoric acid, 1.45 ammonia, 
 3 10 potash r commercial value, $39 81. The fourth is Patapsco Acid 
 Phosphate: 13.60 available phosphoric acid, 2.58 potash; commercial 
 
 value, $38 13. 
 
 The Georgia Chemical works are located ab(mt one mile and a half from 
 the business portion of the city, and are managed by Mr. C. B. F. Lowe, a 
 distiu^nrished young chemist from Baltimore. The acid chamber of the 
 factory is one of the lar-gest and finest in the South, and keeps the mill well 
 supplied with sulphuric acid, a highly important element in the manufac- 
 ture of the guano. 
 
 The company is composed of Hon. B. C. Yancey, a pr-onrinent farmer 
 and politician, President, with ex-Governor Arnold, of Rhode Island ; Mr. 
 J. I. Middleton, Mr. G. W. Graftlin, of Baltimore : and Gen. M. A. Stovall, 
 Mr. Alfred Baker and Juo. S. Davidson, Esq., of Augusta ; and Benj. C. 
 Yancey, Esq., Directors. 
 
30 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 Under the resident management of Gen. M. A. Stovall, who is also 
 Treasurer of the company, the affairs of the corporation liave been pros- 
 perously conducted, and it now ranks among the most important of Au- 
 gusta's manufacturing interests. Mr. Jno. L. Stovall, a most accurate and 
 thorough youag accountant, is bookkeeper for the company, while Mr. B. 
 A. Stovall, an energetic and very experienced traveling agent, attends to 
 the interests of the company in the country. 
 
 The Patapsco Guano and kindred grades manufactured here are now 
 recoguizedl}' among the most reliable and best of all guanos used by South- 
 ern farmers. It is a product of home industry, and its great success upon 
 the arable lands of Alabama, Georgia and Carolina, shows that domestic 
 enterprises are appreciated in the land. As yet, the company is a young 
 one, but its reputation is growing, and its interests broadening so, that in afew 
 years it will, undoubtedly, rank among the first products of Southern skill 
 and Southern labor. 
 
The Augusta Land Company. 31 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 THE AUGUSTA LAND COMPANY-LAIVD IN THE CITY 
 AND VICINITY— BUILDING RESOURCES 
 
 The Augusta Land Company was organized in October, 1873, with a 
 capital of one hundred thousand dollars. It is managed by a President, 
 Hon. Charles Estes, and a Board of Directors. The company owns a level 
 and fertile tract of land containing four hundred and seventy-one acres, 
 immediately west of the city. This tract is laid off into streets and squares. 
 There are sixty-six streets, all of them wide and bordered by trees. The 
 laying off of the streets, and the building of sewers and drains cost ten 
 thousand dollars. A large portion of the tract— 364 acres — has been divided 
 into lots, for whica the company asks from two to four hundred dollars 
 each. Seventy -five of these lots have been already sold They are from 
 forty to sixty feet wide, and from one hundred and twenty-five to one hun- 
 dred and sixty deep. The company requires ten per cent, of the purchase 
 money to be paid in cash, and the remainder in forty-five monthly payments, 
 without interest. The lots are all easy of access and conveniently located 
 Several of the streets are traversed by large covered brick sewers, by which 
 the land is well drained. 
 
 The possessions of the company attract general attention from strangers. 
 Beautiful trees border the squares, and wide streets intcM'sect each other 
 regularly, giving the place the appearance of a well laid off town, as in 
 reality it is. A broad road runs along the south side of the tract, from the 
 city to Summerville, having been opened under the direction of Mr. Estes, 
 the wide awake and energetic President. This road is very popular, and a 
 large number ot people use it in preference to the Augusta and Summer- 
 ville plank road. Since Mr. Estes has had charge of the company, it has 
 not only got entirely out of debt but has a surplus, showing the result of 
 good management. There are no more desirable lots anywhere in the city or 
 
32 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 the vicinity than those ot the compaiij% and they are held at very reasonble 
 rates, and the terms of payment are very easy. The location is exceeeingly 
 healthy. Any of the lots are close to the street railroad, and the centre of 
 the city can be reached in ten minutes. The Board of Directors is consti- 
 tuted as follows : Hon. Chas. Estes, President ; Mr. W. C. Sibley, Mr. J. 
 M. Clark, Mr. W. H. Barrett, Mr. F. Uogin. 
 
 Lots in the city are held at from ten to fifty dollars per front foot, accord- 
 ing to location, except on the business portion of Broad street, where prices 
 are much higher. 
 
 Land a few miles from the city can be bought at from five to twenty dol- 
 lars an acre. The principal products of the county are grain, corn, water- 
 melons and sweet potatoes. Some cotton is also made. The watermelons 
 are the finest in the United States, and the crop sells for about fifty thous- 
 and dollars annually. The melons sell in Augusta at from five to fifty cents 
 each. Those sold at the latter price weigh from fifty to seventy -five pounds 
 apiece. 
 
 Wood is retailed in the summer at from three to four dollars a cord, and 
 in winter from four to five. Coal, anthracite and bituminous, retails at nine 
 dollars a ton. Gas is sold at four dollars per thousand cubic feet. 
 
 There are three brick yards in the city, producing altogether twelve 
 millions of brick a year, which are sold at from six to eight dollars a 
 thousand. 
 
 There are four lumberyards receiving annually about twelve million feet 
 of lumber, which is sold at from eight to fifteen dollars a thousand feet. 
 
 The Augusta Real Estate and Building Association, a co-operative society, 
 has built a large number of houses in Augusta during the past few years, at 
 a cost of over a quarter of a million of dollars. The association builds or 
 buys houses for its stockholders, who pay back the purchase money in ten 
 years, ;^ with interest added, in monthly instalments. The owner of ten 
 shares, for instance, is entitled to an advance of five thousand dollars, from 
 which, five hundred dollars commission is deducted. He thus receives four 
 thousand five hundred dollars, and he pays back six thousand seven hundred 
 and fifty dollars in one hundred and twenty monthly instalments. 
 
Flour and Gkist Mills. 
 
 33 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE FLOURING AND GRIST MILLS. 
 
 One of the most prominent structures in the city is the Augusta Flouring 
 Mills, owned by John M. Clark & Co. The building which is built of 
 brick, is located on the first level of the Augusta canal, not far from the 
 Augusta Factory and sends out annually nearly fifty thousand barrels of 
 fine Hour, and two hundred thousand bushels of meal. There are five runs 
 of stones in the mill and these are kept almost constantly busy throughout 
 the year. About eight hundred bushels of wheat per day are used, and 
 from this between one and two hundred barrels of flour are mauufac- 
 
34 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 tured. The fancy brand of flour "Gilt Edge" made at this mill is very 
 popular and a large quantity of it is sold in Augusta. The demand for flour 
 made in Augusta is not from the city alone, however; it comes from differ- 
 ent sections of the country. The Augusta Mills are a standard institution 
 of the city. 
 
 Below the Augusta Mills, on the second level of the canal, are the 
 Excelsior Mills, owned and operated by George T. Jaci^son & Co. The 
 building which is constructed of Augusta made brick, is four and a'half 
 stories high, eighty feet in length and fifty wide. The mills have five runs of 
 stones and manufacture one hundred and fifty barrels of flour and four hun- 
 dred bushels of meal per day, of twenty-four hours. During August and Sep- 
 tember, they turned out twenty-five hundred barrels of flour per month, using 
 ten thousand bushels of wheat for the same period. The "Gold Medal" 
 brand turned out by the establishment takes a high rank both with dealers 
 and consumers, for its excellence. The owners are enterprising men and 
 have worked successfully to make the Excelsior one of the best mills in the 
 South. 
 
 The Crescent Flour Mills on the third level of the canal, nearly opposite 
 to the Ice Factory, are owned by J. F. & L. J. Miller, well know merchants. 
 The mills are built principally of wood, but are substantial and well con- 
 structed. The establishment grinds five hundred bushels of wheat per day, 
 producing eighty-five barrels of flour. This is manufactured by a new 
 process. During the twenty-four hours the mills also grind Ave hundred 
 bushels of corn into meal and pearl grits. The owners find ready sale for 
 all their products and carry on a large business. 
 
 Thus it will be seen, the mills of the city turn out daily, four hundred 
 and fifty barrels of flour and about fifteen hundred bushels of meal and 
 hominy or grits. 
 
Railroads. 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 
 RAILROADS— A ISEW ENTERPRISE, 
 
 There are already six great lines of railways termiDating at Augusta and 
 another is in process of consti nction Tliose in operation, are the Georgia 
 Railroad, extending from Angnsta to Atlanta; the Central Railroad, from 
 Augusta to Savannah and Macon ; the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta, 
 from Augusta to Columbia, S. C, and Charlotte, N. C; the South Carolina, 
 from Augusta to Charleston and Columbia ; the Port Royal from Augusta 
 to Port Royal, Charleston and Savannah; and the Macon and Augusta, 
 from Augusta to Macon. All of these do a large business. The line in 
 process of construction is the Aiigusta, Knoxville and Greenwood Railroad, 
 extending from Augusta to Greenwood, in South Carolina, a' distance of 
 sixty-tonr miles. The President of the company is Mr. W. T. Wheless, 
 one of the most prominent, active and enterprising business men of Augusta. 
 It was chietly through his energy that the subscription to the stock was 
 raised, and the company enabled to proceed with the grading. The road is 
 destined to be one of the most important and valuable to the conmiercial 
 interests of Augusta. Running through a beautiiul and fertile country, 
 now cut off from railroad communication with any city, it will be of incal- 
 culable benetit to the planters in that section. ' It is estimated that at the 
 very lowest calculation twenty-five thousand bales of cotton additional, 
 annually will be brought to Augusta when this road is completed. This 
 amounis in lound numbers, at the lowest piice iur cotton, to $1,250,000. 
 
The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 Of this large sum it is safe to say that at least $100,000 will remain in 
 Augusta. For instance : 
 
 The commissions on 25,000 bales of cotton, foot up $37,500 
 
 Buyers 12,500 
 
 Drayage 6,500 
 
 Shippers 2,500 
 
 Insurance 1,250 
 
 Total $60,250 
 
 Not less than one-third of the proceeds, say $400,000, will be spent here 
 by the planters. Putting the profits on the goods sold at ten per cent., this 
 would give $40,000, which added to the $60,250 above makes the sum total 
 of $100,250. The total cost of grading and bridging the road will not exceed 
 $100,000, and this will represent the capital stock of the company. We see, 
 therefore, that the road will actually bring to the city in clear profits in one 
 year, the full amount of its capital or actual cost outside of the iron and rolling 
 stock. Bonds to the amount of $350,000 will put on the iron and the rolling 
 stock. Thus at a cost of less than a lialf million of dollars, a road extend- 
 ing sixty-four miles through one of the most fertile and productive sections 
 of the South, will be put in operation. It will be the cheapest wide gauge 
 road ever constructed, costing not more than $7,000 per mile. The interest 
 on the bonds at 7 per cent, per annum, will be $24,500, and the interest on 
 the capital stock at the same rate, 7,000, so that the road will only have 
 to make $31,500 above actual expenses, in order to pay the interest on the 
 bonds and a handsome dividend to the stockliolders. The line will probably 
 be in operation by October 1st, 1879. The work on this side of the Savan- 
 nah River is superintended by Mr. A. J. Twiggs, a talented young engineer, 
 and that on the Carolina side is under the direction of Gen. P. H. Bradley, 
 a citizen of Greenwo d. The laborers employed on the Carolina section 
 are convicts supplied by the State, which takes stock in the road in payment 
 of hire. The contract on the Georgia side was awarded to W. D. Grant 
 & Co., who also use convicts. Prominent among the promoters of the 
 enterprise, in addition to the president, are Messrs. John M. Clark, Eugene 
 F. Verdery, W. C. Sibley, W. H. Barrett, Chas. Estes, L. J. Miller, H. 
 Franklin, J. V. H. Allen, Robt. H. May, J. H. Alexandei-, Jas. A. Gray, 
 M. V. Calvin, and J. L. Maxwell. 
 
 The Augusta and Summerville Railroad is a line for hoi-se cars, extending 
 from the city to the Augusta Arsenal, at Summerville, and through 
 McKinne, Broad and Lincoln streets, to the City Cemetery. 
 
The Fire Department and Police. 37 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 
 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT AND POLICE FORCE. 
 
 The Fire Department of Augusta is proverbial for its efficiency. It is 
 onducted on the volunteer system and consists, with two independent 
 companies, of twelve companies, of which four have steamers, seven hose- 
 reels and one hook and ladder truck. A tire has but little chance to make 
 headway before this array. Tiie fire plugs to which the hose companies 
 attach their hose, throw a large stream a sufficient distance to reach the top 
 of the highest house in the city. The last report of the Chief Engineer 
 showed that the total number of the fire alarms during the preceding year 
 was twenty, four only of which were false alarms. The total loss from 
 fires during that period was abont $30,000, one-half of which was covered 
 by insurance. The total number of men on the rolls is about four hundred. 
 
 The police force of the city is composed of thirty privates, five sergeants, 
 two lieutenants and a chief. The men aie u liformed in grey and the force 
 is noted for its efficiency. Chief Chiistiati has held his present position for 
 many j^-ars and conunands the respect of all classes of citizens. He is the 
 finest looking police officer in the United States. Lieutenant W. W. King 
 has been on the police force of Augusta time "'whereof the memory of 
 man runneth not to the contrary," and this of itself is sufficient evidence of 
 his excellence as an officer. Lieutenant Prather's connection with the force 
 is of a more recent date but he is none the less a good officer. 
 
Churches. 39 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 CHURCHES— DATE WHEN THE PRESENT BUILDINGS 
 WERE ERECTED-SEATING CAPACITY. 
 
 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This church is situated on the southwest corner of Greene and Jackson 
 streets, in very nearly the exact geographical centre of the city. The 
 founder of the church was Rev. Dr. V^ni. T. Brantley, Sr., who at the time 
 of its organization, 1819, was the Rector of the Richmond Academy, on 
 Telfair street. Its constituent members numbered only twenty, and in this 
 little band there were but one or two persons who were able to do anything 
 for the support of the church. The lot on which the church stands was 
 purchased by Dr. Brantley on his own responsibility for $1,500. The edi- 
 fice was erected at a cost of $22,000, a considerable portion of it having 
 been collected by its pastor from Baptists in other parts of the State. 
 
 In 1826 the church had grown so much in numbers and material prosperi- 
 ty—that it was enabled to pay a salary of $1,200. This was the income of 
 Rev. James Shann, who became Dr. Brantley's successor. He served the 
 church three years and then resigned to become professor of Ancient 
 Languages in the University of Georgia. The third pastor was Rev. Chas. 
 D. Mallary. During his ministry the church numbered one hundred and 
 twenty members. He was succeeded after a ministry of five years by Rev. 
 W. J. Hard, who was at one time a professor in Mercer University— and 
 for mauy years a teacher in this city. His pastorate was quite brief and at 
 its termination, Rev. W. T. Brantley, Jr., son of the founder of the church, 
 and now pastor of the Seventh Baptist Church, Baltimore, Md., was called 
 to preside over the congregation. After a pastorate of seven years, he re- 
 signed to become Professor of Belles Letters at the University of Georgia. 
 The other pastors liave been Rev. N. G. Foster and Rev. Mr. Gillette, both of 
 
40 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 whom served but a brief season and arc now deceased ; Rev. Dr. J. 
 G. Binney, who was twice in charge, and for many years afterwards the 
 President of the Missionary College, Rangoon, Burmah; Rev. Mr. Ryerson, 
 deceased; Rev. A. J. Huntington, D.I)., now professor in Columbian Col- 
 lege, Washington, D. C. ; Rev. J. H. Cuthbert, D. D., Pastor First Baptist 
 Church, Washington, D. C, ; Rev. James Dixon, D.D. and Rev. M. B. 
 Wharton, D.D. The present Pastor is Rev. Wm. Warren Landinim, a na- 
 tive of Georgia, but for two years pastor at Shreveport, La., from which 
 city lie came when called to Augusta. 
 
 The church to-day numbers 400. From it have issued colonies, who 
 formed the Second Baptist Church on Kollock street, the First Ward Bap- 
 tist Church on Greene street, and the Curtis Baptist Church on Broad street. 
 It has, at present, eight deacons, D. R. Wright, H. H. Hickman, Z. McCord, 
 W. J. Owens, Jas. C. C. Black, W. J. Steed, McKinne Law and Fred. T. 
 Lockhart. John Coskery is Treasurer and Jas. P. Verdery, Clerk Its 
 membership includes many of our most prominent citizens, in all the honora- 
 ble callings, while throughout the entire denomination with which it is con- 
 nected, the First Baptist Church enjoys an enviable reputation for intelli- 
 gence, piety and practical benevolence. 
 
 The new lecture room, fronting on Jackson street, the handsomest in the 
 city, was erected at a cost of ten thousand dollars. TJie main building has 
 been greatly beautified recently, and a magnificent organ costing three 
 thousand five hundred dollars, placed in the gallery. Its church yard is laid 
 off in beds of roses and verbenas and surrounded by a beautiful hedge of 
 box wood. The value of the entire property is estimated to be sixty thous- 
 and dollars. 
 
 ST. PAUL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 St. Paul's Church is closely identified with the early history of Augusta. 
 The town was laid out in 1735, but for a number of years there was no min- 
 ister of the Gospul resident in the place. At length, a memorial from the 
 principal inhabitants, setting forth their spiritual destitution, was for- 
 warded to the "Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
 Parts," in London, and the Rev. Jonathan Copp was appointed missionary 
 to Augusta, A. D. 1751. Before his arrival, the gentlemen interested h>id 
 built "a handsome and convenient church" opposite one of the curtains of 
 the fort, on the bank of the Savanna] . River. They also agreed to build a 
 parsonage, cultivate the glebe, and pay -£20 a year towards his salary. 
 Mr. Copp found a congregation of nearly one hundred persons and eight 
 communicants. He labored faithful!}' at liis post until 1750, when he took 
 charge of a parish in South Carolina. By Act of the General Assembly of 
 Georgia, dated March 17th, 1758, it was provided that "the District of 
 Augusta shall be and continue forever a Parish by the name of the Parish 
 of St. Paul," and that the church erected in the town of Augusta, with the 
 
Churches. 41 
 
 cemetery or burial place thereto belonging, shall be the parish church and 
 burial place of St. Paul." 
 
 Some years after Mr, Copp's removal, the Kev. Samuel Prink was sent 
 to St. Paul's Parish by the S. P. G. The population of Augusta, as given 
 in his first report to the Society, 1704, was /)40 whites, 501 slaves, and 
 about 90 Chickasaw Indians. After three years' ministry, he was succeeded 
 by the Rev. Edward ElHngton. Tiiis faithful mi^^sionary reported, in 1768, 
 that St. Paul's Church was the only place of worship within a hundred 
 miles of Augusta, iu any direction. Ills labors in supplying the religious 
 destitution were remarkable. He generally left home on Mondd}"", traveled 
 thirty or forty miles, and held service and preached at three different 
 places, ten miles apart, on the fallowing days, and returned home on Fri- 
 day. During his three years' ministry in Augusta, he traveled three thous- 
 and miles in the discharge of duty; baptized 428 persons, mostly children ; 
 married sixty-two couples, and raised the number of communicants to 
 forty. There is no record of any settled minister in the parish for some 
 years after Mr. Ellington s removal iu 1770. During tiie war of the Revo- 
 lution the church building was destroyed, and the glebe was confiscated and 
 appropriated to the endowment of an academy. 
 
 Under the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly, passed in 1782, 
 setting apart a lot, and appropriating money from the sale of other lots for 
 the erection of a church, the second St. Paul's Church was built in 1786, on 
 the site formerly occupied by the first. The only clergyman named as hav- 
 ing charge of the parish after this time is the Rev. Mr. Boyd, who gener- 
 ally officiated here for some ten years, when he removed to Natchez or New 
 Orleans. In the al)sence of a titled rector, the church was "open to all de- 
 nominations of Christians," and the Episcopalians, as a Christian society, 
 being unable to supp(>rt their own mode of worship, made no show of life 
 for many years. 
 
 In December, 1816, certain persons were incorporated by the Legislature 
 as the "Trustees of the Protestant Episcopal Society of the City of Au- 
 gusta and County of Richmond." This measure led to the removal of the 
 second St. Paul's church and the erection of 'the third on the same lot. 
 This building, which still stands, is of brick, and was, at the time of its 
 election, considered a very worthy specimen of church architecture. It 
 was completed early in the year 1820, and consecrated by Bishop Bowen, of 
 South Carolina, March 20th, 1821. The Rev. Hugh Smith was called to 
 the parish some time in the Summer of 1819, and entered upon his duties 
 the following March. He remained in charge twelve years, and then re- 
 moved to Hartford, Conn. Mr. Smith was succeeded by Rev. Edward 
 Eugene Ford, then in Deacon's Orders. This honored clergyman began 
 his work at St. Paul's in April, 1832. It was' his first, his last, and his only 
 parochial charge, and he gave to it all his powers of body, soul and spirit. 
 He died on the eve of the Nativity, 1862. His remains were laid under the 
 altar at which he had so faithfully served. Dr. Ford was succeeded by 
 
42 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 Rev. Win. H. Clarke, who died in Aupjust, 1877, while in attendance at the 
 bedside of a dying parishioner. He was succeeded by Rev. Chauncey C. 
 Williams, the present Rector. 
 
 The first Convention of the Diocese of Georgia was held in St. Paul's 
 Church, January 27th, 1823. The church is situated at the conier of 
 Reynolds and Washington streets. 
 
 T]ie Church of the Atonement (Episcopal) is a handsome little church, 
 built in the Gothic style of architecture. It is in the form of a cross, and 
 is coveied with ivy. It is at the corner of Telfair and Kollock streets. 
 The Rev. W. B. Walker is the present Rector. 
 
 METHODIST CHURCHES. 
 
 There are nine Methodist churches, served by as many pastors. Five of 
 these are constituted of white members, and four are colored. Unitedlj^ 
 they have a membership of above twenty-seven hundred members. 
 
 ST. John's 
 Is the first, and is situated on Greene street, between Jackson and Melntosh, 
 near the bell tower. It is among the oldest of the churches in the State. 
 
 Methodist ministers began to preach in Augusta and the surrounding 
 country on their extensive circuits (which were reall}'^ evangelistic tours) a 
 few years after the close of the American revolution. Rev. Hope Hull, 
 distinguished for his scholarship and powerful eloquence, was one of these 
 early missionaries. In 1801, Rev. John Garvin, of this city, was put in 
 charge, and during that year the meeting house was built on the lot where 
 the present church stands. Some improvements were made on the original 
 buildings at different times and in 1844 which Rev Geo F. Pierce (now 
 Bishop) was the pastor, the brick building now used for worship was 
 erected. St. John's is frequently mentioned as the Mother of Churches. 
 As population spread westward, many of her members went out and be- 
 came centers of other churches. In 1855, the flourishing St. James' Church 
 was built, and the membership of St. Johns' were divided between the two. 
 In 1859, another church was e.stablished, known as the Asbury Church, 
 with its large membership. This church began through the labors of Rus- 
 sell, Castleberry, Scofield and other zealous members of St. John's. For 
 many years a large colored membership was held in St. John's, tut'_in 1849 
 the church called Trinity was built and is now a strong body of colored 
 Methodists. With all these draughts upon its numbers, the church main- 
 tained its strength, and seems of recent years to be renewing its youth. In 
 1877, during the pastorate of the present minister. Rev. Clement A.;Evan8, 
 very important improvements were begun, and are in course of construc- 
 tion. The interior of the church ha.^ been entirely remodelled and made 
 very attractive. The parsonage has be(;n considerabl}'^ enlarged, and the 
 lecture room has been also made much more spacious. The plans of the 
 
CmiRrnER. 43 
 
 new hiiililiug show an xccedingly handsome elevation, and the arrangenfients 
 provitk- for JSuinlay School and Bible Classes, with church parlor, pastor's 
 study and other rooms for various purposes. Many honored names are on 
 the roll of the old church, both of pastors and members. Hull, Garvin, 
 Lovick Pierce, Dunvvoody, Bishop Andrew, Bishop Pierce, and a host of 
 others served this diarize. It is now in its fourth generation, preserves its 
 long roll of 2,C50 luenibers, looks back on a wide path of usefulness, and 
 forward to g*'ll greater successes. 
 
 ST. JAMES, 
 
 On Greene street, between Centre and Elbert, was organized in 1855. It 
 was formed by a division of the membership of St. John's. Its present 
 house of worship was built the same year. Its Sunday school had been 
 organized a year before under the superintendence of W. C. Derry. He 
 still holds and tills that imi)ortant ottice. From its organization this church 
 has had a living membership and a living Sunday school. Rev. Wm. M. 
 Crumley was its first pastor. Since then it has been served by the Rever- 
 ends E. W. Speer, Thomas Jordan, W. F. Cook, A. T. Mann, Lovick 
 Pierce, H. J. Adams, George R. Kramer, G. H. Patillo, H. H. Parks, J. E. 
 Evans and A. J. Jarrell. 
 
 It owns also the beautiful parsonage on corner of Walker and Elbert 
 streets, which is a monument to the enterprise of its members and especially 
 to the memory of the lamented Mrs. E. W. Doughty.- 
 
 The communicants of this church now number over six hundred. The 
 cenotaph on Greene street in honor of the Confederate dead of Richmond 
 county, was erected through the enterprise of St. James' Sunday School. 
 
 THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 
 
 This church was organized in the year 1835. The membership at that 
 time consisted of but few names, and they met for worship during several 
 years either in private parlors or in rented rooms. It was not until 1842, 
 upon the completion of the neat and for the time, commodious church 
 building on R<'ynold Street, that the attention of the public was attracted. 
 This house was the gift of Mrs. E. H. Tubman, who is still a member of 
 the congregation, and who^e generous liberality, so signally displayed in 
 the beginning, has continued from then till now. The tirst pastor of the 
 church was Dr. Hook, a minister ot eminent piety, and many and varied 
 gifts of head and heart, that caused him to be deeply loved by the little 
 tlock, while they trusted in him as a wise and prudent and faithful shepherd. 
 
 After the retirement of Dr. Hook from the pastorate in 1845, the church, 
 under the administration of different ministers, continued to make steady, 
 though for sev(?ral years, not rapid progress. At lengtb, about 1873, it had 
 became so large that it was deemed necessary to build a more commodious 
 house in the central part of the city. Mrs. Tubman again came to the 
 
44 The Hand Book of Axtgusta 
 
 front, and entirely at her own cost, erected the present beautiful and ele- 
 gant house of worship on Greene street. This building, in which, since 
 January, 1876, the congregation have been meeting, and where they have 
 been greatly prospered in their work, is at once an ornament to Augusta, 
 and a monument to one of her oldest and most honored citizens. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 This venerable church has an interestmg history. It was organized in 
 1804, and is, therefore, 74 years of age. The first pastor was the Rev. 
 Washington McKnight, who died in 1805. After being a year vacant, the 
 congregation, on 3d July, 1806, called the Rev. Jolm R. Thompson as 
 their pastor, who was rector of the Richmond Academy and a Licentiate of 
 New York Presbytery. 
 
 Until now the church had only three ruling Elders, but under Mr. 
 Thompson's ministry, Messrs. Oswell Eve, Thomas Cumming and Augustus 
 Moore were added to the session. The church was at this time named and 
 known as "St. Pauls Church," because they worshiped in a building be- 
 longing to the Richmond Academy, and then called -'St. Paul's Church," 
 which stood where St. Paul's Church (Episcopal) now stands. 
 
 At the end of 1809, the Board of Trustees of the Richmond Academy 
 declined renting the St. Paul's Church to the Presbyterians. Being thus 
 ejected from the place of worship in which they had enjoyed many happy 
 days and precious ordinances, the Presbyterians set to work to procure a 
 site to erect a place of worship for themselves. 
 
 The spirit and energy with which they commenced their labors and prose- 
 cuted tliem to a triumphant issue, may be found in a pungent resolution re- 
 corded in the Session Book in 1809. 
 
 A charter of incorporation was obtained from the Legislature of Georgia, 
 under date 16th December, 1808, which bears the signature of Jared Irwin, 
 Governor of Georgia. 
 
 After obtaining this Act, a public meeting having been called, the follow- 
 ing gentlemen were elected a Building Committee : John Murray, David 
 Reed, Robert Creswell, Oswell Eve and Ferdinand Phinizy. 
 
 The corner stone was laid on 4th July, 1809, by John Mundy, M. D., in 
 presence of the Board of Trustees and subscribers, the Intendant and 
 members of the City ('ouncil, trustees of the Richmond Academy, and a 
 large assembly of citizens. 
 
 The building was completed and dedicated on 17i,h May, 1812. 
 
 It was not until 1818 that the tine spire and clock which ornament the 
 building were erected. 
 
 In 1816, Rev. Mr. Thompson died, leaving the church for four years 
 without a pastor. 
 
 On ftth February, 1820, the Rev. Mr. Moderwel was called, and held the 
 pastorate until 16th July, 1826, when the Rev'ds Dr. Davis and Talmage 
 
Churches. 45 
 
 wtM(« iinitod for twelve nx) iths in the co-pastorate of the church, under the 
 call of the congreg;itiou and the sanction of tlie Hopewell Presbytery. 
 
 On the 12fh Dcceniher, 1885, Mr. Tahnage accepted a call to the Ogle- 
 thorpe University, which left the church vacant, and in May 1887, Rev. A. 
 N. Cunningham was called, and was succeeded in 1842 by R(;v. C S. Dod, 
 who resigned on 6th December, 1846. 
 
 On 23d March, 1867, the Rev. Ebeuezer P. Rogers was invited to supply 
 the pulpit, and on 3d Sabbath of December, sime year, was inducted as 
 pastor. Dr. Rogers remained several years in charge of the pulpit, and 
 after him, other clergymen of standing, until 1870, when the pulpit was 
 vacated by the translation of the Rev. .las. R. Wilson, D. D., to the chair 
 of Pastoral Theology, in the Seminary of Columbia. 
 
 In November, 1870, the Rev. Dr. R. Irvine, the present pastor, was 
 called from Knox's Church, Montreal Canada. Diiring his ministry the 
 congregation and Sabbath schools have greatly increased. At present the 
 Presbyterians have one grand central Sabbath school, a flourishing school 
 at the river side, in a chapel fitted up by Josiah Sibley, Esq., an up town 
 mission, and a new church, nearly completed, on upper Greene street— one 
 of the handsomest church buildings in our city— and a splendid brick 
 church at Summerville, erected by the trustees of the will of the late Ro- 
 bert Reid, M'ho bequeathed the lot and model to build the church, to the 
 Presbyterians of Summerville. 
 
 The Presbyterians of Augusta have now three mission churches besides 
 the venerable old parent church in the grove, around which there is a halo 
 of glory. 
 
 They have one central and three mission Sunday schools, with an excel- 
 lent colored school, under the active and efficient superintendence of Cap- 
 tain W. H. Warren. The scholars of these schools aggregate over 500 in 
 number. 
 
 During Dr. Irvine's ministry, which commenced on 22d December, 1870, 
 three church i)uildings have been erect.'d for Presbyterian j^urposes, and 
 there has been added to the communion roll 81 members, by letter, and 
 224 by profession of faith. 71 adults and 189 infants have been baptised. 
 The church is managed by an eldership of seven, and a deaconate of 
 twelve members. The property is managed by a Board of Trustees, who 
 act under the provisions of a charter of incorporation. 
 
 CATHOLIC CHURC^HES. 
 
 St. Patrick's Catholic Church, on the corner of Telfair and Jackson 
 streets, is one of the handsomest buildings in the city. It was completed 
 in 1862, and was built by coutributions from the congregation. The church 
 which preceded it was located on the same square, and was built about the 
 
46 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 year 1800. It was in the form of a cross, and for over halt a century was 
 the only Catholic church in the city. Such distinguished prelates as 
 Bishop Eugluud and Bishop Bany preached to devoat congregations in the 
 old church, ond it was associated with so many memories of the past that 
 numbers of people saw it pass out of existence with regret. St. Patrick's 
 School now occupies the site of the old church. The present church will 
 seat about twelve hundred people. Rev. C. C. Prendergast is its pastor 
 with Father Browne as assistant. 
 
 The Church of the Sacred Heart, on Ellis street, above McKinne, was 
 built by the Jesuit Fathers, and was completed in October, 1874. It will 
 seat about six hundred people. Its pastor is Father Butler, assisted by 
 Fathers Heidenkamp and Desribes. 
 
The Orphan Asylum. 
 
 47 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 ORPHAN ASYLUM AND OTHER CHARITABLE IN- 
 STITUTIONS. 
 
 The Augusta Orphan Asyhun oiiiiinatccl m the desire of certahi benevo 
 lent persons to provide a lionie for Orphans in the City of Augusta. In 
 lurtherauce of this desire, the Legislature of the State of Georgia, by Act 
 
48 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 approved January 23, 1853, incorporated " Thomas W.Miller, Henry H. 
 Cumming, Edward F. Campbell, John Milledge, Artemas Gould, Lewis D. 
 Ford, and John R. Dow, and all others who may associate with them and 
 their successors," "a body politic and corporate by the name and style of 
 the Augusta Orphan Asylum," and authorized the City Council "to make 
 a donation of either lots of land in said city, moiiey, or the bonds of said 
 city to such amoiml as they may deem proper, to the Augusta Orphan Asy- 
 lum, to be used for the purposes of the said Association." In May, 1854, 
 the tirst Board of xVlauagers, composed of Artemas Gould, President ; 
 Thomas W. Miller, Lewis D. Ford, James Gardner, K. H. Gardner, Dr. 
 James Mackie and John K. Dow, adopted a Constitution and By-Laws. 
 
 Early in 1855 a house was rented and placed in charge of a matron, and 
 four orphans admitted lo the privileges of the Asylum. 
 
 A liberal bequest made the Society in the will of Isaac S. Tuttle, Esq., 
 who died in December 13, 1855, leaving the house formerly occupied by 
 him, on Walker street, and other property amounting in all to $50,000, for 
 the use of the Association. 
 
 This gift, added to the annual income from two hundred shares of Geor- 
 gia Railroad stock, previously appropriated to the Asylum by the City 
 Council upon the recommendation of Mr. Miller, then Mayor of the city, 
 provided amply for the institution in its infancy. 
 
 The "Tuttle House" was at once titted up for an Orphans' Home, and, 
 with subsequent additions, occupied as such about seventeen years. 
 
 On the 9th of January, 1859, Dr. George M. Newton, step-son of Mr. 
 Tuttie, died, leaving to the Asylum property valued at $200,000. This large 
 addition to its resources opened to the society a fifld of usefulness wholly 
 beyond the expectations of its fouudt-rs and early friends. An amendment 
 to its charter was obtained from the Legislature December 3, 1859, allowing 
 the Board of Managers, at their discretion, to receive children who were not 
 orphans, and from evoy county in the State. 
 
 The subject of removal was carefully weighed in all its bearings, and an 
 eligible site tinally agreed upon, being a place fronting the Georgia Rail- 
 road, between Harper aud Boundary streets, near the Western boundary of 
 the city. 
 
 The piesent Orphan House was built by Mr. Wm. H. Goodrich. It was 
 begun in December, 1870, and completed sutficiently for occupation in 
 September, 1873. A portion of the interior is still unfinished. 
 
 In its present condition, the building will accommodate one hundred and 
 ten children, with the necessary officers aud employes. It is one of the 
 handsomest structures in the city. 
 
 Four hundred and fifty children have received into the Asylum since its 
 establishment. The property of the Association, including the Orphan 
 House imd grounds, is estimated at about $400,000. The houst and grounds 
 
Okphan Asylums. 49 
 
 cost #169,647 86. The income of the ABSOciation is about $15,000 a year 
 the expense of maintaining the orphans f 10,000, leaving $5,000 to be 
 added to the permanent property. 
 
 The St. Mary's Orphan Asylum and Sacred Heart Orphan Asyhmi are in 
 charge of the Sisters of Mercy, and are supported by the congregations of 
 St. Patrick's Church and the Church of the Sacred Heart. 
 
50 
 
 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 THE CITY HOSPITAL. 
 
 Jllililllllllll!llll!lilliiWiil!»te* 
 
 The City Hospital, on Walker str<'el, is under Ihe nianagement of tlic 
 Facnlty of thn Medical College and the Sisters of Mercy. It has on an 
 average, thirty patients in its wards. The expense of maintaining the in- 
 stitution is borne by the city. 
 
 The Freedman's Hospital is located on the South Commons and is main- 
 tained by the city. 
 
Monuments, Public Buildings, Etc. 61 
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 
 MONUMENTS-PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITU- 
 
 TIONS. 
 
 Facing the City HaU'is the monument erected to the memory of Hall, 
 Walton and Gwinnett, the Geori^aa si-ners of the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence. It was completed in 1851, cost $3,000, is in the shape of an obelisk 
 and is fiftv feet in height. It was erected by the city of Augusta. 
 
 A square below the above monument, on Greene street, frontmg the St. 
 James Methodist C^hurch, is the cenotaph erected by the St. James Sunday 
 School to the memory of tliose who were once teachers and scholars m the 
 school and fell during the war as soldiers in the Southern armies. There 
 are twenty-three names of these engraved on the cenotaph which is a 
 beautiful shaft of Itahan marble and was uuveiled in January, 1874. The 
 names of all the Confederate dead of Richmond county are inscribed on 
 the shaft. These number 2i)3 of whom 25 were commissioned and 32 non- 
 commissioned oliicers. 
 
 The Confederate Monument, in memory of the dead of Richmond 
 county who fell in the Southern armies, is on Broad street, in front ot the 
 Central Hotel. It was erected bv the Ladies' Memorial Association and 
 cost $17,331.35. It was unveiled October 31st, 1878, amid imposing cere- 
 monies. The monument is seventy-two feet high. On the lop is a 
 Btatue of a Confederate private soldier, at rest, and at the top ot the hrst 
 section, twenty feet from the base, are statues of Generals R. E. Lee, 
 SlonewallJackson, Thomas R. R. Cobb and AVm. Henry Walker. Ibe 
 second section above the statues, contain Confederate emblems in bcu relief. 
 The monument was designed in Phih.delphia and the work was execute d at 
 4 — =r=— = 
 
52 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 Carrura, Italy. The base of the monument is granite and the shaft and 
 statues are pure Italian marble. The inscriptions are as follows : On the 
 North side — 
 
 "No nation rose so white and fair, 
 None fell so pure of crime ! " 
 
 On the South side: 
 
 WORTHY 
 
 TO HAVE LIVED AND KNOWN 
 
 OUR GRATITUDE; 
 
 WORTHY 
 
 TO BE HALLOWED AND HELD 
 
 IN TENDER REMEMBRANCE : 
 
 WORTHY 
 
 THE FADELESS FAME WHICH 
 
 CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS 
 
 WON. 
 
 WHO GAVE THEMSELVES IN LIFE. 
 
 AND DEATH FOR US ; 
 
 FOR THE HONOR OF GEORGIA, 
 
 FOR THE RIGHTS OF THE STATES, 
 
 FOR THE LIBERTIES OF THE PEOPLE, 
 
 FOR THE SENTIMENTS OF THE SOUTH, 
 
 FOR THE PRINCIPLES OF THE -UNION, 
 
 AS THESE WERE HANDED DOWN T0;THEM 
 
 BY THE FATHERS OF OUR COMMON COUNTRY. 
 
 On the East side : 
 
 CONFEDERATE DEAD. 
 
 On the West side: 
 
 ERECTED A. D., 1878, 
 
 BY THE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATON OF AUGUSTA, 
 
 IN HONOR OF THE 
 
 ]MEN OF RICHMOND COUNTY 
 
 WHO DIED 
 
 IN THE CAUSE OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES. 
 
Monuments, Pub.mo Buildings, Etc. 55 
 
 The oration at the unveiling was delivered by Colonel C. C. Jones, and 
 was one of the most eloquent addresses ever heard in Augusta. At least, 
 ten thousand people were present at the ceremonies, and there was an im- 
 posing military display. 
 
 At one o'clock the cavalry regiment formed in front of the Hussar Hall, 
 under command of General G. J Wright, as Colonel. The gallant veteran 
 sat on his horse at tirmly as he did in tlie days of yore when he led the boys 
 in grey into the thickest of the battle. Captain Millar, of South Carolina, 
 Captain E. T. Craig, of the Confederate Survivors, aud Lieutenant Thiiyer, 
 of the Richmond Hussars, acted as Aids, with Cap. J. W. Clark as Adjutant. 
 Captain Markert, of the Edgefield Hussars, acting as Lieutenan:-Colonel, 
 and Captain Young, of the Cavalry Survivors, as Major. The regi nent 
 was composed of the following companies : Richmond Hussars (1st Com- 
 pany) 25 men, Lieutenant Fleming; Wilkins Cavaliers, 40 men. Captain J. 
 P. Thomas. Silverton Club, 52 men, Captain Cobb ; Beech Island Club, 40 
 men. Captain Miller ; Color Guard, o3 men ; Cavalry Survivors, 50 men, 
 President W. B. Young ; Burke Hussars, 23 men, Captain Fulcher ; Sum- 
 mer Hill Club, 30 men, Captain Butler ; Beech Island Rangers, 44 men, 
 Captain Dunbar ; Edgefield Hussars, 35 men, Captain Markert; Richmond 
 Hussars, (2d Company) 20 men, Lieutenant Twiggs. With the Richmond 
 Hussars were nine men of the Chialeston Dragoons, under command of 
 Lieutenant Legare. The whole command numbered 379 men. After the 
 regiment was organized it proceeded to the rendezvous at the Bell Tower. 
 
 The C(mfederate Survivors, 75 men, under command of Vice-President 
 Eve, formed in front of Hussar Hall. Two bullet torn Confederate tattle 
 flags floated over them. One was the headquarters flag of General Thomas 
 R. R. Cobb, borne by Colonel li. D. D. Twiggs, in his uniform as a Colonel 
 in the Confederate army. The sash in which General Cobb was buried, 
 was one worn by General Twiggs, aud by him presented to Colone.^ Twiggs. 
 The other flag wa::; the battle flag of the Twenty-seventh Virginia regiment, 
 borne by Mr. J. A. Loflin. 
 
 The Volunteer Lattalion formed in front of Masonic Hall at one o'clock, 
 under command of Lt-Col. W. Danie', composed of the Oglethorpe Infantry, 
 25 men, Lieutenant Miller; Clarke Light Infantry, 45 men, Lieutenant 
 Cohen. Clinch Rifles, 40 men, Captain Ford; Irish Volunteers, '^8 men. 
 Captain Smyth. The Oglethorpe Infantry carried a handsome CVmfederato 
 flag presented to the Stephens 1/ight Guard, by the ladies of Gre^neslioro, 
 at the beginning of the war. It was in the hands of General Bartow when 
 he fell at the first battle of Mana?ses. The Clinch Rifles carried the flag of 
 the Fifth Georgia Regiment. The Words, " Santa Rosa, Muif reesboro, 
 Chickamauga," were written on its folds. The Irish Volunteers bore as the 
 Battalion colors, the Fifth Virginia Infantry 'flag. The battalion escorted 
 the Confederate Survivors to the rendezvous on Greene street. 
 
 The procession was formed at the Bell Tower at two o'clock. The other 
 organizations in line beside those mentioned above, wtie the fcchnttzcn 
 
56 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 Club, 40 men, Presideut Spaeth ; the Aiken Schuetzen, 10 men, President 
 Hahn ; the Alert Fire Company, 30 men, Captain Denning ; and the Blen- 
 nerhassett Fire Company, Captain Jones, 15 men with the reel. The Vigi- 
 lant steamer, Gazelle steamer, and the old and new steamers of the Clinch 
 Fire Company, were also in the line. The steamer of Vigilant was fes- 
 tooned with a Confederate flag. 
 
 Governor Colquitt rode in a carriage di'awn by four beautiful white 
 horses driven by Mr. Heggie. Dr. Janes, Mayor Meyer, Major Allen and 
 Chief Robbe rode with the Governor. Mrs. Stonewall Jackson rode in a 
 carriage with Mr. and Mrs. John M. Clark. There were sixteen carriages 
 in the line. The procession was under the command of Hon. James C. C. 
 Black, Marshal of the Day, assisted by Messrs. W. J. Steed; R. J. Wilson, 
 J. J. Hickok, O. G. Ganter, W. H. Dickerson, James P. Verdery, W. A. 
 Clark, Fee Wilson, Jas. L. Fleming, and P. Gallaher,as Aids. The splendid 
 band of the Thirte(3nth United States Infantry preceded the Volunteer 
 Battalion. The Schuetzen Band marched immediately in front of the 
 Schuetzen Club. 
 
 The procession moved off about half-past two o'clock, and marched up 
 Greene to Kollock, through Kollock to Broad and down Broad to the plat- 
 form, where the different organizations were grouped, so as to wttness the 
 ceremonies. The balconies and windows, pavements and streets were 
 crowded with spectators as the procession marched, and everything moved 
 with it towards the monument, so that when the exercises commenced 
 Broad street, from Jackson to Mcintosh, wrs literally packed with people. 
 All the stores and places of business were closed soon after 12 o'clock, and 
 there was a general outpouring of the people to witness the interesting and 
 imposing spectacle. The sun shone brightly but a cold wind prevailed^ 
 flapping the banners violently to and fro, and chilling those on the shady 
 side of the street. 
 
 On the platform were Governor Colquitt, officers of the Ladies' Memorial 
 Association, Confederate Survivors' Association, orator of the day and 
 others, The Stonewall Brigade, Washington Artillery war flag, Eighth 
 Georgia flag, Twenty-seventh Virginia flag and Cobb Legion flag waved 
 from the platform in addition to the blended United States and Confederate 
 flags. In front the monument rose white and fair, its statues veiled. 
 
 After prayer by Rev. C. A. Evans, Colonel Jones delivered the oration. 
 This was followed by prayer by Rev. Chauncey C. Williams, and the 
 services concluded w4th the benediction by Rev. James S. Lamar. 
 
 It is woman's heart that keeps ensbrlned forever the memory of gallant 
 deeds and brave souls ; Avoman's hands rhat tenderly care for the graves of 
 the dead heroes and scatter flowers over the silent breasts of the boys in 
 grey. No I she does not forget though the din and turmoil of war have 
 passed away forever ; though the cares and anxieties of life almost blot 
 from man's mind the recollections of that glorious past until they seem like 
 the fancies of a dream. It was her self-abnegation, her patriotism that 
 
MoNiTMKNTS, Public Btiildings, Etc. 57 
 
 nerved so many arms in the troublous days when war filled the land ; her's, 
 now, the tender, loving heart that remembers how they died and in what 
 cause they fell. The conquered banner and all that, it recalls is sacred in 
 her eyes, and her mission it has been to erect in remembrance of those who 
 yielded up their lives for it, a monnment worthy of them and their deeds 
 of valor. 
 
 While the war was going on the ladies of Augusta organized a Ladies' 
 Relief and Hospital Association, and to this society of benevolent women 
 many a poor wounded or sick soUiier was indebted for kind nursing and 
 comfortable clothing. When the was closed and militaiy hospitals disap- 
 peared, this society took upon itself the duty of decorating with flowers the 
 soldiers' graves in the City Cemetery. In 1868. the Ladies' IVIemorial Asso- 
 ciation having for its object ihe care of these graves as well as the erection 
 of a nionumeut tr) the Confederate dead, organized by the electi(m of Mrs. 
 Dr. John Carter as President; Mrs. Dr. H. PL Steiner as Vice-President, 
 and Mrs. John T. JMiller as Secretary and Treasurer. The depression pre- 
 vailing in business just after the war and the death of the President and 
 Vice-President, prevented the Association from doing more than meeting 
 the expenses of caring for the soldiers' graves. But they knew no such 
 word as fail. 
 
 In March, 1873, a reorganization was effected, and the following officers 
 were elected ; President, Mrs. M. E. Walton (now Mrs, F. A. Timberlake;) 
 Becreiaryand Treasure)'. Mrs. John T. Miller; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. J, M. 
 Adams, Mrs. M. E. Whitehead, Mrs. A. E. Dortic, Mrs. J. J. Cohen, Mrs. 
 J. S. Lanmr, Mrs. DeSaussure Ford, Mrs. H. W. Hiliiard, Mrs. J. T. Derry, 
 Mrs. John M. Clark, representing the different church organizations in the 
 city. The present oflScers are : President, Mrs. F. A. Timberlake ; Secretary 
 and Treasurer. Mrs. J. Miller; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. E. M. Whitehead, 
 Mrs. J. M. Adams, Mrs. J. J. Cohen, xAIrs. Campfield, Mrs. John M. Clark, 
 Mrs. M. A. Danforth, Mrs. W. H. Barrett, ^Mrs. J. T. May, Mrs. Breden- 
 berg, Mrs. D. T. Castleberry, Mrs. M. B. Moore, Mrs. J.J. Thomas. These 
 ladies at once set to work energetically to accomplish the object for which 
 they had organized. Their worthy efforts met with a generous co-operation 
 on the pait of the male portion of the conununily. and their funds were 
 soon sufficient to justify them in taking the initiatory steps in their great 
 work. The fir^t thing to be done was the permanent putting in < rder of the 
 soldiers' section in the City Cemetery. The Confederate dead were gathered 
 together and buried in the section, the latter was enclosed with a substantial 
 stone coping, the section was turfed and a fountain erected in the centre. 
 Over each gi-ave was placed a slab (»f marble, bearin the name, company, 
 regim.nt and State of the sleeping soldier beneath. The sod soon grew, 
 flowers bloomed amid its verdanc3% and Mehiorial Day became a holiday 
 sacredly observed by eveiybody. And now the ladies began to prepare for 
 the culmination of their labors. It was determliied to erect a marble shaft 
 in some public place in the city, to the memory of the Confederate dead of 
 
58 
 
 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 Richmond county. At a fair given by the Association a vote was taken in 
 order to decide upon the location. The majority was in favor of Broad 
 street, between Jaclvson and Mcintosh, and this, therefore, was the spot 
 selected b}^ the Association. In the beginning of 1875 the Association 
 advertisc'd for designs for the monument and iiom a number presented, that 
 forwarded by Van Gnnden & Young, of Philadelphia, was purchased. The 
 cost of the design was $500. The general satisfaction evinced, and the 
 many encomiums bestowed upon the monument, demonstrate the good judg- 
 ment of the ladies in their selection. 
 
 The design accepted, the contract for eracting the cenotaph was awarded 
 to Mr. '^r. Warkwalter, of Augusta. The maible portion of the monument 
 was executed at Carara, Italy. 
 
 The Association has raised, since its first oiganization, the sum of 
 $20,934 04. This amount has been expended in tlie following manner : 
 Soldiers' section, $2,606 46; design of monument, $500; foundation and 
 laying the corner stone of the monument, $1,156 34; incidental expenses 
 during the past ten years, $413 86; monument, $14,490 ; granite steps, and 
 coping, $1,185. Making the total exdendtUires to date, $20,351 QQ, and the 
 total cost of the monument, $17,331 34. Through the efforts of Hon. A. 
 H. Stephens and Colonel Charles C. Tones, Jr., the ladies were saved the 
 expense of paying customs duties on the marble. 
 
 YOUNG MENS LIBRARY. 
 
 The Young Men's Library Association building is at the corner of Broad 
 and Jackson streets. The Association was organized was organized in Jan- 
 nary, 1848. and commenced in a small W'ay. In October, 1878, it moved 
 nto its present quarters having purchased the building at a cost of $20,000, 
 a few months befoi'e. The rooms and hall are beautifully furnished and 
 convenient arranged. The books number about 7,000 and are many of 
 them very rare and valuable works. The subscription price is four dollars 
 per annum and this entitles the subscriber to the full privileges of the 
 institution, including that of voting for President and Directors at the 
 annual election. Books can be taken out and be kept two weeks. A 
 longer period subjects the party to a fine of three cents per day. All of 
 the most popular periodicals and newpapci's are taken by the Association. 
 
 The Library has been arranged with a view to the comfort and conven- 
 ience of subscribers. The upper portion of the large front door opening 
 on Broad street, was cut away and glass substituted, on which the words, 
 " Young Men's Library Association," have been printed in handsome gold 
 letters. The hall just behind this is covered with a pretty pattern of oil- 
 cloth, and the same is also placed on the stairway. The hall on the second 
 floor is covered with a Brussels carpet, and the two large rooms to the west 
 of this, have the same material, of a different pattern, on the floor. Saelves 
 are placed against the east wall of the hall. In the large rooms the shelves 
 
Public Buildtng8 and Institutions. 59 
 
 are arranged in the form ot alcoves, and are very convenient of access. 
 The rooms are well furnished. Pictures adorn the walls on evtry side. In 
 the first room is frescoed a full length representation of Apollo, the god 
 of the Muses, while directly opposite is Minerva, the goddess of Wisdom. 
 The titles of the different classes of books are inscribed in gilt letters on 
 the arches over the alcoves. The whole presents a very rich and comforta- 
 ble appearance. All tlie latest fashion periodicals and cmTcnt magazines are 
 kept on tables in the front room, Avhich is specially devoted to the ladies. 
 In rear of the Library is the leading room for gentlemen. In this are 
 placed all the most prominent newspapers irom all sections of the country, 
 chess and checker tables, and magazines and periodicals. It is comfortably 
 furnished, and is one of the most convenient rooms in the building. Gen- 
 tlemen can obtain access to this either from Broad or Jackson street, as 
 there are two entrances. In the rear of this apartment is the Directors 
 meeting room. The third floor has not yet been fitted up, as the Directors 
 have determined to leave this to the ladies, well knowing their good taste 
 and judgment in such matters. 
 
 THE CITY HALL. 
 
 The City Hall is one of the most imposing structures in the city. It is 
 situated in a park on Greene street, between "Washington and Centre, li 
 was built in 1824 and is three stories high, 120 feet long and 60 wide. 
 
 CITY CEMETERY. 
 
 Organized in 1817, James A. Bryan, sexton and keeper, located between 
 Watkins and Hale streets north and south, Houston and Lincoln streets 
 east and west, embracing upwards of forty-one acres. Principal entrances 
 on Lincoln, numbered from 1 to 12 inclusive. From each of these gates a 
 broad avenue leads to the eastern boundary. A corresponding avenue runs 
 north to south through centre of grounds. The sections are laid out in 
 squares, varying in size from thirty-two^and a half to thirty-tour feet — a 
 walk five feet in width surrounding each. The soldiers' section— larger 
 than the others— has a beautiful fountain in the centre, and is enclosed by a 
 low granite wall. At the head of each of the five hundred and forty 
 graves is a small marble slab bearing the name and place of nativity of the 
 soldier, save in two or three instances, where they are marked " Unicnown." 
 Evergreens, magnolias, roses, etc., abound in the greatest profusion. 
 
60 The Hand Book of Augusta. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 AUGU8TA SAVINGS INSTITUTIONj 
 
 No 249 Broad street, organized May, 1875 Alfred^Baker, President ; Jo- 
 seph S. Bean, Jr., Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 COMMERCIAL BANK, 
 
 No. 241 Brond street, chartered 1863. Capital $200,000. William T. 
 Wiieless President. 
 
 GEORGIA RAILROAD AND BANKING COMPANY, 
 
 Nos. 195 and 197 Broad street, organized 1829. Capital $4,200,000. E. P. 
 Alexander, President. 
 
 PLANTERS LOAN AND SAVINGS BANK, 
 
 No. 223 Broad street, chartered October, 1870. Capital $100,000. Thomas 
 P. Branch, President. 
 
 THE BANK OF AUGUSTA, 
 
 No- 247 Broad street, chartered March, 1866. Capital $350,060. Wm. S. 
 Roberts, President. 
 
 THE NATIONAL BANK OF AUGUSTA, 
 
 No. 201 Broad street, organized December, 1865. Capital $500,000. AVm. 
 E. Jackson, President. 
 
 THE NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK OF AUGUSTA, 
 
 No. 249 Broad street, incorporated August, 1871. Capital $300,000. Alfred 
 Baker, President. 
 
Thk Medical College. 
 
 61 
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 
 MEDICAL COLLEdlE OF GEOKGIA-MEDICAL DEPART 
 MENT OF THK UNIYEKSITY OF GI OKUIA. 
 
 The Medical College of Georgia has long occupied a high position among 
 medical schools in this country. It was founded through the energies of 
 Dr. Milton Antony, who was afterwards one of the faculty during the first 
 sessionsof the college. The act of incorporation was i^assed by the L(\gislature 
 of Georgia on the 20th of December, 1828. .The institution grew in strength 
 and reputation, and during the three or four years just prior to the war thg 
 number of students in attendance lauged from one hundred and fifty to two 
 hundred. This institution has given diplomas to thirteen hundred and fifty- 
 
62 
 
 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 four graduates, and many students have attended lectures besides, amount- 
 ing in all to over six thousand. Since Franklin College became the Univer- 
 sity of Georgia, this college has become the Medical Department of the 
 University. 
 
 The library contains about 5,000 volumes, enjbracing the most approved 
 works on medicine and surgery, and contains many fine collections of ana- 
 tomical plates and engravings. The Chemical Laboratory is very extensive, 
 and its excellent arrangement offers faciHties for study equalled by few 
 institutions in the country. There is a complete cabinet of materia medica 
 in the museum. 
 
 Attached to the college is the City Hospital, which affords an abundant 
 supply of material fur clinical lectures, and gives the students ample oppor- 
 tunity to become familiar with the practical treatment of diseases. 
 
 This hospital also furnishes a number of patients every year needing sur- 
 gical operations, many of which are of a very interesting character, as also 
 does the Freedman's Hospital, a large building, near the Waynesboro 
 depot. 
 
 The museum is a very fine one, furnishing every facility for the study of 
 anatomy, physiology, etc. 
 
 The annual course begins on the first Monday in October, and ends the 
 1st of March. 
 
 FACULTY. 
 
 I. P. Garvin, M. D., Emeritus Professor of Materia Medica and Thera- 
 peutics. 
 
 Lewis D. Ford, M. D., LL. D., Professor of the Institutes and Practice 
 of Medicine. 
 
 Joseph A. Eve, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women 
 and Infants. 
 
 L. A. Dugas, M. D., LL. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of 
 Surgery. 
 
 Geo. W. Rains, M. D., Professor of Medical Chemistry and Pharmacy. 
 Henry F. Campbell, M. D., Professor of Operative Surgery and GynsBCol- 
 
 DeSaussure Ford, M. D., Professor of Descriptive and Surgical Anato- 
 my, and Dean of the Faculty. 
 
 Edward Geddings, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Pathology. 
 
 Robert C. Eve, M. D., Professor oi Materia Medica and Medical Juris- 
 prudence, and Secretary of the Faculty. 
 
 George C. Dugas, M. D., Adjunct to the Professor of Surgery. 
 
 George A. Wilcox, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Prosector to 
 the Professor of Anatomy. 
 
 Thomas R. Wright, M. D., Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. 
 
The Medical College and Richmond Academy. 
 
 ("LINIOAI. ASSI^IANIr* AND LKCTURBKS ON SPECIAL 8FB.TECTR. 
 
 George C. Dugas. iVI. D., Minor Surgery. 
 
 George A. Wilcox, M. D., Nervous Diseases. 
 
 Thomas K. Wiight, M. D., Diseases of Chest. 
 
 Charles W. Hickman, M. D., Opthalmology. 
 
 E. C. Goodrich, M. D., Exauthematous Diseases. 
 
 A. E. Dugas, M. D., Diseases of Male Organs of Generation. 
 
 A. H. Baker, M. D., Diseases of Female Organs of Generation. 
 
 Joseph Eve Allen, M. D., Diseases of Children. 
 
 Charles T. Rich. Janitor. 
 
 RICHMOND ACADEMY. 
 
 The Richmond Academy, which is located on the south side of Telfair 
 street, between Washington and Centre, is one of the most ornate buildings 
 in the city and attracts the attention of every stranger The institution 
 was incoiporated by the General Assembly of the State before the close of 
 the revolutionary war, that is on the 31st of July, 1783, and hence is 95 
 3''ears old. Its origin, however, dates back to the Colonial Government, 
 when large tracts of land were set apart in each parish for educational pur- 
 poses, and the establishment of churches, under the control of Trustees ap- 
 pointed by the Crown. A large building on the ])ubTic lot, which embraced 
 that portion of the town extending from Washington to Mcintosh streets, 
 ond on which the Church of St. Paul now stands, was existing at that time, 
 and was u.sed by the Truetees as an Academy, with two smaller or tenement 
 houses for the teachers, until a new structure should be erected. 
 
 This building must have been erected during or preceding the war, proba- 
 bly ihe latter, as this portion of Augusta was the scene of some sanguinary 
 conflicts about the forts and entrenchments there erected. 
 
 The Kichmond Academy appears to be the oldest incorjiorated institution 
 of learning in the United States, with but four exceptions: Harvard, of 
 Massachusetts; William and Mary, of Virginia; Yale, of Connecticut, and 
 Princeton, of New Jersey. By the act of incorporation, a Board of Tru.s- 
 tees, or Commissioners, for the Richmond Academy and town of Augusta, 
 were created, who were required to erect a church and a building for an 
 Academy. For this purpose and for the support of the latter, the unoccu- 
 pied land called the common, and the ferry franchise were placed in their 
 possession. The 13th of July, 1784, the contracts for building the Academy 
 and church were let out ; both buildings were to be of wood, and two or 
 three years were consumed in their construction. 
 
 On the 2oth of March, 1785, "Mr. William Rogers, late of the State of 
 Maryland, having been well recommended as being of good fame and suffi- 
 ciently learned in the sciences," was appointed Master of the Academy, at 
 
Richmond Academy and Public Schools. 65 
 
 a salary of two hundred pounds a year, with the use of the tenement buildings 
 and the garden on the premises He was required to teach Latin, Greek and 
 the English languages, and the common practical branches of mathematics. 
 The tuition of the highest class of pupils was fixed at ten dollars per quar- 
 ter. The Master, as he was called, had the assistance of one, and after- 
 wards of two tutors. The country suffering from the effects of the war, 
 it soon became necessary to lower tlie amount charged to the pupils. On 
 the 4th of April, 1765, the contractors bi-ing prepared to commence the 
 erection of the Academy, and desiring to know where to place it, the 
 Trustees had the public lot Irtid off into three equal parts; the one nearest 
 Mcintosh street was reserved for the Academy; tne centre division for the 
 church, and the one next to Washington street for the house of the Pres- 
 ident of the Trustees. They also ordered the leveling of the fortifications 
 and enclosing the whole. 
 
 On the visit of President Washington to Augusta in May, 1791, he atten- 
 ded a grand ball given in the large ro(»m of the old Academy; he also was 
 present at the examination of its students and "expressed liimself hand- 
 somely of their performance." 
 
 On November 1st, 1803, the present academy building was sufficiently 
 completed to be opened for iusti'uction, and it continued in operation from 
 that time until the latter part of the late war, when it was used by tne Con- 
 federate authorities as a hospital. 
 
 On the tei'miualion of the war it was taken possession of by the United 
 States, who retained it without leave or compensation for more than a year 
 and a half; it was then restored to the trustees, who began an active resto- 
 ration of the building and grounds, having first removed the temporary hos- 
 pital structures on the premis(!S. At the close of the Fall of 18G7, Colonel 
 G. W. Raines was appointed R(;genl of the Academy, w.ith the request to 
 get the institution into operation on the 1st of January ensuing; this was 
 done accordingly and an extended piogramme of studies adopted and 
 teachers provided. 
 
 THE PLFBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 The educaticmal interests of the county are in the hands of a Board of 
 Education, a local organization creat(^d by Act of the Legislature, and has 
 now been in existence six years. It consists of three members from each city 
 ward, country district and incf)rporated village, and the Ordinary of the 
 county, who is a member ex officio. Th<; total me-nbeiship is thirty-four. 
 The Board elects its President and S.'cretary. The latter officer is also 
 County School Commissioner, and has the j)ractical management of the 
 schools. The members of the Boaid in the city have organized into a City 
 Board of Trustees, for convenience, ami manage all the schools in the city 
 in connnon. The schools are di\ided into primary, intermediate, grammar 
 and liigh school grades. There in the citv a girls" hiifh school for whites. 
 
66 The Hand Book of Augubta 
 
 six grammar schools for whites, and two for colored children ; six interme 
 diate schools for whites and four for cok»red; eight primary for whites and 
 four for colored. The boys high school is the Richmond Academy, not under 
 control of the Board. Both in this and the girls high school the nominal 
 tuition fee of titeen dollars per scholastic year is charged each pupil. There 
 is no charge in any of the other grades. The schools are supported by a 
 tax levied by the Board, and which amounts to $21,000 per annum. In 
 addition to this, is the county's proportion of the State school fund and 
 the Peabody fund, making the annual revenue of the Board about |!28,Ono. 
 The scholastic year is ten months, (jr from the 1st of September to the 1st 
 of October. Tlie total school population of the city is 4,912—2,824 whites, 
 and2,088 colored. Of these, 1,820 whites and 696 colored were enrolled in the 
 different schools during the last year. The teachers are subjected to a close 
 examination by the Commissioner, who is himself a graduate of the State 
 University, unless they hold diplomas of some recognized institution of 
 learning. In passing applicants for teachers' positions, both moral charac- 
 ter and competency are considered, and no one can obtain a position under 
 the Board withcmt possessing these. The colored schools are taught by col- 
 ored teachers. T,;e Board has revolutionized the educational interests of the 
 county. When it came into existence, there was no free school system in 
 the county. Children were educated entirely at pay schools, and the number, 
 consequently, who attended, was comparative small.. There was absolutely 
 no system of education, and every school had a different set of text books. 
 Now this is all changed. The- system administered by the Board works 
 admirably, the schools are prospering, and pay institutions, with the excep- 
 tion of the Richmond Academy, have disappeared. Rich and poor, high 
 and low, attend and what little prejudice exists in the minds of a few, is 
 rapidly passing away. The Board has prescribed a complete course of 
 study for the schools. The primary school course embraces three years, 
 the intermediate two, the grammar two and the high school three, making 
 ten years in all. 
 
 The Houghton Institute, an elymosynary institution, founded by Mr. 
 Houghton, is a graded school from the primary to the high school. It is 
 under the control of the Qity Council, whi(;h elects the teachers annually. 
 Tuition free. The roll of pupils contains about three hundred names on an 
 average. 
 
 The St. Mary's Academy and Sacred Heart Academy, schools for girls, 
 are in charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The attendance is excellent at each. 
 
 St. Patrick's school is controlled by the Christian Brothers, and has a 
 daily average attendance of about three hundred. Four of the Brothers 
 are paid by the County Board of Education. 
 
 il 
 
School Statistics. 67 
 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 I— POFULATION— (U. S. CEN8US, 1870. 
 
 Population of County. 
 
 White 13,157 
 
 Colored 12,505 
 
 Total 25,722 
 
 *Fopulation oj City. 
 
 White 8,957 
 
 Colored , 6,432 
 
 Total 15,389 
 
 •Ckmbus ok 1877.— Population of City-White, 15,136; colored, 8.622; total, 23,768. 
 Estimated present population of county, 84,000. 
 
 SCHOOL CENSUS, (takkx 1874.) 
 
 Number of Children in County between 6 and 18. 
 
 White 2.372 
 
 Colored 3,973 
 
 Total 8 345 
 
 Number of Children in City between 6 and 18. 
 
 White 2,824 
 
 Colored 2,088 
 
 Total 4,913 
 
 II— SCHOOLS. 
 
 I'ubman, High School, for Uirh. 
 
 ♦Number of teachers— male, 1; female, 1 3 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled 101 
 
 Average number belougiug 77 
 
 Average daily attendance v 61 
 
 Per cent, of dally attendance 85.9 
 
 Average pupils to teachers 35 
 
 •nstructors in Penmanship,— male, 1;— 1. 
 
 Hephzibah High School, for Boytt and UirLs. 
 
 Number of teachers — male, 1 1 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled— boys, 10; girls, 15 25 
 
 Average number belonging ' 19 
 
 Average daily attendance 16 
 
 Percent, of daily attendance 84.2 
 
 Average pupils to teacher 19 
 
The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 II — CITY COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 Term 9 months ; number of school days, 187. 
 
 White. 
 
 Number of teachers — male, 9; female 11 20 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled— male, 680; female, 640 1,320 
 
 Average number of pupils belonging 913 
 
 Average daily attendance 782 
 
 Percent, of daily attendance ^ 85.6 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher 46 
 
 tPer cent, of school population enrolled 46.7 
 
 X Inc.uding pupils? in City High Schools, 53.3. 
 Colored. 
 
 Number of teachers— male, 2; female, 8 10 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled— male, 334 ; female, 362 696 
 
 Average number belonging 440 
 
 Average daily attendance 374 
 
 Percent, of daily attendance 85 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher 44 
 
 Per cent, of school population enrolled 33.3 
 
 AGaREGATE. 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled in City Common Schools, white and col- 
 ored 2,016 
 
 Average number belonging — 1,353 
 
 Average daily attendance 1,156 
 
 Percent, of daily attendance 85.4 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher 45 
 
 Percent, of school population enrolled 41 
 
 III— COUNTRY COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 11 9^^ District. 
 Average term 6 1-5 mouths. 
 *Number of teachers— white, 3; male, 2; female, 1; colored, 2; male, 
 
 1; female, 1 5 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled -white, 96 ; male, 56; female, 40 ; colored, 
 
 90; male, 28; female, 62 186 
 
 Average number belonging — white, 67; colored, 48 115 
 
 Aveiage daily attendance— white, 50; colored, 42 92 
 
 Percent, of daily attendance— white, 74.6; colored, 87.5 80 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher— white, 22; colored, 24 28 
 
 Percent, of school poinilatiun enrolled— while, 43; colored. 55.9 48.4 
 
 *One joiut (jchool inclack-tt. 
 
SonooL Statistics. 69 
 
 12Ut District. 
 Average term 5 months. 
 ♦Number of teachers — white, 12 ; male, 5 ; female, 7; colored, male, 1, 1^ 
 Number of pupils enrolled — white, 297; male, 153 ; female, 144 ; col- 
 ored, 69; male, 30; female, 39 366 
 
 Average number belonging— white, 213; colored, 56 269 
 
 Average daily attendance — white, 154; colored, 48 202 
 
 Percent, of daily attendance — white, 72.3; colored, 85.7 75.1 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher— white, 18; colored, 45 21 
 
 Percent, of school population enrolled — white, 80.6; colored, 26.9.... 60.8 
 •Two joint white schools iucluded. One joint colored school not included. 
 
 123(^ District. 
 Average term 5 4-9 months. 
 ♦Number of teachers— white, 5; male, 2; female, 3; colored, 4; male, 
 
 3; female, 1 9 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled — white, 134; male, 58 ; female, 76; col- 
 ored, 278 ; male, 156; female, 122 412 
 
 Average number belonging — white, 80 ; colored, 178 264 
 
 Average daily attendance — white, 66; colored, 139 205 
 
 Percent, of daily atte;3dance— white, 76.7; colored, 78.1 77.6 
 
 Average of pupils to tcache?; — white, 17; colored, 44 29 
 
 Percent, of school population enrolled— white, 58.0; colored, 44.1.... 47.8 
 •One joint school not Included. 
 
 124^/i District. 
 Average term 6 6-10 months. 
 Number of teachers— white, 8; male, 4; female, 4; colored, 2; male, 
 
 1; female, 1 10 
 
 Number of pupils em oiled— white, 212; male, 115; female, 07; col- 
 ored, 86; male, 42; female, 44 ^598 
 
 Average number belonging— while, 127; colored, 70 197 
 
 Average daily attendance — white, 103; colored, 54 157 
 
 Percent, of daily attendance — white, 81.1; colored, 77.1.... 79.7 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher — white, 16; colored, 35 20 
 
 Percent, of school population enrolled — white, 64.2; colored, 23 42.3 
 
 1,269^// District. 
 Average term 8 1-4 months. 
 
 Number of teachers— while, 3; female, 3; colored, 1; feme^e, 1 4 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled — white, 139; male, 83; female, 56 ; col- 
 ored, 51; male, 20 ; female, 31 - 190 
 
 Average number belonging — while, 87; colored, 36 12i> 
 
 Average daily attendance— white, 07, colored 29 96 
 
 Per cent, of daily attendance, white 77.0, colored 80 6 78.0 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher, white, 29; colored, 36 81 
 
 Per cent, of school population enrolled, white, 75.1, colored, 24.0 49.1 
 
70 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 VILLAGE OF f^UM^EYILLE. 
 
 Average term, 9 months. 
 
 Number of teachers— white, 1 female ; colored, 1 female 2 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled— white, 55 ; male, 23, female, 32, colored, 
 
 73; male, 24, female, 49 128 
 
 Average number belonging— white, 50; colored, 45 95 
 
 Average daily attendance — white, 43; colored, 38 81 
 
 Percent, of daily attendanoe— white, 86; colored, 84.4 85.2 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher — white, 50 ; colored, 45 47 
 
 Percent, of school population enrolled— white, 30.4; colored, 36.1.... 33.4 
 
 VILLAGE OF HEPHZIBAH. 
 
 Average term 6 1-2 months. 
 
 Number of teachers— white, 1 male; colored, 1 female 2 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled, white, 17 — male, 9, female, 8 ; colored, 49 ; 
 
 male, 25, female, 24 66 
 
 Average number belonging — white, 12, colored, 23 35 
 
 Average daily attendance — white, 9, colored, 19 28 
 
 Percent, of daily attendance— white, 75, colored, 82.6 80 
 
 Average of pupils to teacher— white, 12, colored, 23 17 
 
 Percent, of school population enrolled — white, 32.7, colored, 98 64.7 
 
 FINANCES. 
 
 RECEIPTS. I EXPENDITURES. 
 
 Balance on hand from 1876, in | County School Board expenses 
 
 bank $ 1,507.36 
 
 Proportion of State School Fund . . 3,156.34 
 From County lax Collector on 
 
 Levy of Board 21,530.00 
 
 Tuition in High Schools 1,864.50 
 
 Tuition of non-residents in City 
 
 Common Schools 117.00 
 
 PoUTax 2,730.90 
 
 Peabodv Fund, (placed to credit of 
 
 High Schools) 1,800.00 
 
 Total $32,706.10 
 
 (incladiu<,- Commissioner's sal- 
 ary, per diem of members, 
 
 printing, etc $ 2.263 39 
 
 City Schools, (all expenses) 13,597.08 
 
 119th Dit.trict •' *' 963. '20 
 
 121st " " " 1,777.40 
 
 123d '' " " 1,60.00 
 
 124th " " •' 1,614 34 
 
 1269th " " '• 1,136..'54 
 
 Summerville " " 933.50 
 
 Hephzibah " '• 234.30 
 
 High Schools " " .... 6,623 84 
 
 Total $30,770.59 
 
 Balance in Bank. 1,935.51 
 
 $32,706.10 
 
 OOST OF HIGH SCHOOLS TO COUNTY. 
 
 OB. DR. 
 
 High Schools $6,623.84 
 
 High School tuition fees $1,864.50 
 
 Peabody Fund $1,800.00 
 
 $3,664.50 
 
 Balance $2,959.34 
 
School Statistics. "jfl 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Number of teachers in High Schools— White, 7, male, 6, female, 1... 7 
 Number of teachers iu City Common Schools — white, 20; male, 9, 
 
 female, 11; colored, 10— male, 2, female, 8 30 
 
 Number of teachers in Countrj' Common Schools— White, 31, male, 12, 
 
 female, 19; colored. 12; male, 6, female, 6 43 
 
 Instructor in penmanship and book-keeping in City High Schools and 
 
 White Common Schools 1 
 
 Total number of teachers in h\\ sbhools 81 
 
 Number of pupils enrolled in all schools 3,^88 
 
 Average number belonging to all schools 2,616 
 
 * Average daily attendance in all schools 2,160 
 
 Per cent, of daily attendance iu all schools 82.5 
 
 " " school populati >n enrolled in all schools 46.5 
 
 Cost per month per pupil on total enrollment in all schools $ .98 
 
 Cost per month per pupil on average enrollment in all schools 1.49 
 
 Cost per pupil per month in City Common Schools on total enrollment .79 
 
 On average enrollment 1.18 
 
 Cost per month per pupil in High Schools on total enrollment 3.27 
 
 On average enrollment 4.46 
 
 Real cost to county on total eurollment 1.31 
 
 Real cost to county on average enrollment .^.... 1.79 
 
 • The average daily attendance in each school is baned on vianthly reports and hence 
 is less t ban it would be if the reports were made weekly. 
 
 COURSE OF STUDY. 
 
 PEIMARY SCHOOLS, 
 
 First Tear. 
 
 Reading — Alphabet and its combinations into words and eyllables. Sterl- 
 ing's Pictorial Primer. Washington's Chart. Object lessons. 
 
 Spelling— Words on c'aart ind in reading lessons. 
 
 Slate Exercise— Fnntmg letters, words and sentences by copying from 
 chart and blackboard. Simple exercises in Dictation. 
 
 Arithmetio — Counting. N )tation and numeration of comtnoud numbers 
 to hundreds. Addition and sabstraction of small numbers. Roniajl n&m- 
 bers as far as reading le&sons extend. 
 
 Oral Instruction. 
 
 Second Tear. 
 
 Bgading— Stirling's First Reader. Washin^oh's Chitrl. 
 Spelling— 'iH&ely's Speller. 
 
 Slate Exercises— Wrltitn exercises from Reader. Words and §feifttfeh(ies 
 from Dictation 
 
72 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 Arithmetic — Notation and numeration of common numbers extended to 
 thousands. Addition and substraction. Multiplication tables. Division of 
 small numbers. Roman numbers extended. 
 
 Oral Instruction. 
 
 Third Year. 
 
 Reading — Sterling's Second Reader. Washington's Chart. 
 
 Spelling — Nceley's Speller. 
 
 Writing — On sla'^e and with lead pencil in blank books. 
 
 Arithmetic — Through Long Division. 
 
 Geography — Cornell's Primary. 
 
 Oral Instruction. 
 
 TNTEEMEDIATK SCHOOLS. 
 
 First Tear. 
 
 Beading— %iG,r:\mg's Third Reader. 
 Spelling — Neely's Speller, (oral and written.) 
 Composition— T>2&CYi-^i\0M of familiar objects. 
 ■ Penmanship — Copybook No. 1, with pen and ink. 
 Geography — Cornell's intermediate begun. 
 Arithmetic— l^\iYO\xg\i Fractions, common and decimal. 
 Oral Instruction — Including explanation of elements of Grammar. 
 
 Second Year. 
 
 Reading — Sterling's Fourth Reader. 
 
 Spelling — Neely's Speller reviewed and special attention given to rules. 
 Composition — Hart's Elementary Composition, with exercises* in Dicta- 
 tion. 
 Penmanship — Continued. 
 Geography — (yornell's Intermediate completed. 
 Arithmetic — Sanford's Intermediate completed. 
 History — Derry's History of United States, Part First. 
 Oral Instruction — As in previous year, though extended. 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. 
 
 First Year. 
 i?eacfm^— Sterling's Fifth Reader. 
 Spelling — Worcester's Comprehensive Speller. 
 
 Composition — Hart's Elements reviewed. Exercises in Dictation, letter- 
 writing and short essays. 
 Penmanship — Continued. 
 Geography— Mzxnys, Manual begun. 
 
 Arithmetic— ^Q^niovCC^ Common School Arithmetic as far as Percentage. 
 Eistory-Dervy's History of the United States, Part Second. 
 Grammar — Butler's Introductory Grammar. 
 Declamation a?id Recitation. 
 
School Statistics. 78 
 
 Second Year. 
 
 Reading — C'athcart's Literary Reader. 
 
 Spelling— ^w'mxon'?. VVord Analysis. 
 
 Compot<iliorh—D\QXi\X\in-i and Essays. 
 
 PenmanHhip — Continued. 
 
 Geograp/iy—M&nry's Manual completed. 
 
 Arithmetic — Sandford's Common School Arithmetic completed. 
 
 J7i«<ory— Markliain's History of England. 
 
 Graf/iitiar—BuUers Practical Grammar. 
 
 /Sci^Tice— Peterson's Science of Familiar Things. 
 
 Declamation and Recitation. 
 
 girls' high school. 
 
 First Year. 
 
 Arithmetic, Spelling and Defining, Latin, Fiench, Rhetoric, Natural 
 Philosophy, Penmanship, Reading, History. 
 
 Second Year. 
 
 Arithmetic, Algebra, Synonymes, Latin, French, Rhetoric. Natural 
 Philosophy, Physical Geography, Penmanship, Reading, Hisiory 
 
 Third Year. 
 
 Algebra, Geometry, Latin, French, English Literature, Physical 
 Geography, Chemistry, Astronomy, Penmanship, Reading, History, Criti- 
 cal Course ;n Parsing. 
 
 Recitation and Composition throughout the Course. 
 
 A pupil is required to study only one of the languages, Latin or French. 
 
74 
 
 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 P. H. LYNCH, MERCHANT TAILOR, 253 Broad. 
 Mr, Lynch has been in business in Augusta for many years, and is well 
 known to every citizen of Augusta. Long experience has enabled him to 
 understand fully the wants of the community in his line, and we have never 
 heard of an instance where he failed to give complete satisfaction to his 
 customers. He keeps an excellent line of fine goods which are purchased 
 by himself and are chosen with good taste. These goods are made up in 
 the latest stvles, and in the best manner. 
 
 PLANTERS HOTEL. 
 B. F. Brown, P j^ o p k i e t o r . 
 Corner of Broad and Macarlen streets. One of the first questions about 
 a city is in reference to its hotels, and it is universally conceded that good 
 hotels go a long way in making a town, and are the prime requisite and 
 chief beauty to the traveling public. The Planters Hotel, as managed by 
 Mr. Brown, is certainly one of the finest in the South, and one of the best 
 kept houses in the countiy. Its popularity is attested by the people of 
 Georgia and the neighborhood of Augusta, while it is the main resort of 
 all northern travelers in the Winter season who come to our beautiful city. 
 Mr. Brown is ably assisted in his management by Mr. R. C. Rogers, who is 
 one of the best posted hotel men in Georgia, and a young man of great 
 popularity. In outfit and appointments, the Planters is the equal of the 
 best. Its apartments newly fitted up and elegantly kept, its menu unex- 
 celled South, and everything characterized by neatness and perfectness, 
 make this hotel indeed a delightful resorl. Every convenience and im- 
 provement is attached, including telegraph and reading rooms, billiard 
 rooms, etc., for gentlemen ; and the hotel itself is conveniently situated 
 for railroad facilities, and in the business and prominent portion of the 
 city. 
 
Brokers, Restaurant, BuiLDmQ Material, Etc. 75 
 
 JOHN J. COHEN, BROKER, 213 Broad. 
 Mr. Cohen is a youDg man who has deservedly won the confidence and 
 esteem of everybody who knows him. Active and energetic, he under- 
 stands thi.roughly how to buy stocks, and has given perfect satisfaction to 
 all who have placed business in his hands. Parties who have securities to 
 sell, or who desire to purchase, will find Mr. Cohen capable and reliable. 
 He is First Lieutenant of the Clarke Light Infantry, and one of the best 
 volunteer officers in the Slate. 
 
 LEXIUS HENSON, LADIES' AND GENTS' RESTAURANT, 
 
 Corner Ellis and Mcintosh. 
 Augusta has long needed a first-class restaurant, and Lexius has fully 
 supplied the Avant. His establishment is now equal to any in the South, 
 and up to the standard of excellence maintained by the best restaurants in 
 New York and other large cities. The ladies' restaurant, which is entirely 
 separate from the rest of the establishment, is very handsomely fitted up. 
 A fine Brussels carpet is on the floor, lace curtains adorn the windows, and 
 the tables are dazzling with snowy linen and bright silver. Everything that 
 the New York, Savannah, Charleston ami Augusta markets affoid, may be 
 called for by the patrons of the lestaurant. The articles are cooked in ex- 
 cellent style and the prices charged are reasonable. The visitor to Augusta 
 will find as good a breakfast, dinner, supper' or lunch at Lexius' as\iny 
 where in the South. 
 
 ,so..;^, q 
 
 NIHGMILL^yBMB£RVAR& 
 
 THOMPSON & HEINDEL, MANrPAtrrUKERS OF DOORS. SASHES, 
 BLINDS. ETC., HALE STREET, AND NO. 43 JACKSON. 
 This firm run a large planing mill on Hale street. It is one of the 
 largest establishments of the kind in the South, and turns out annually a 
 large quantity of doors, sashes, blinds, mantels, balusters, newels and stair 
 rails. Dressed lumber is always on hand. The^irm r(H;<.'ive about 3,000,000 
 feet of lumber every year. At their store, on Jackson street, they keep a 
 full supply of builders' hardware, including locks, window gla.ss, screws, 
 etc. Tliey also have for sale paints and oils. 
 
76 
 
 The Ha-nd Book of Augusta 
 
 CHRONICLE AND CONSTITUTIONALIST JOB OFFICE. 
 
 The visitor to Augusta who pays a visit to that department of the exten- 
 sive establishment of the Chronicle and Constitutionalist, presided over 
 by Mr. M. M. Hill, one ot the most accomplished job printers in the 
 Union, will at once admit that it is as complete as any in the South. It is 
 supplied with all the latest improv^ements and is prepared to execute any 
 style of job work as well as it can be done any where else. Many very 
 handsome jobs have been turned out from the office, and it bears a deserv- 
 edly high reputation. 
 
 243 BROAD STREET. 
 
 Since the earliest days of hardware business in this city, some member of 
 this vvell known family has been prominently engaged in this pursuit, and 
 the large fine apartments of Mr. H 'ury Moore are filled with every variety 
 of staple and fancy articles of hardware and cutlery. His outfit and stock 
 are among the finest to be found, and Mr. Henry P. Moore, now conduct- 
 ing the business, bids fair to keep the house in its steady and prosperous 
 cha .nel of popularity. 
 
Repkesentativb Business Men and Houses. 77 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN AND HOUSES. 
 
 A GRELL, CHAS., Bookkeeper in the Bank of Augusta. 
 -^"^ Mr. Agrell is fully established among the business young men of 
 Augusta, and in keeping the books of this prominent institution he 
 shows ability and firm business qualities. His many fine qualities 
 make him respected by all who know him. He is a first-class book- 
 keeper and one of Augusta's rising young men. ' 
 
 ALLEN, GEORGE HENRY (J. V. H. Allen & Co.), 227 
 Broad. Connected with his father in the insurance business, Mr. Allen 
 is making a fine reputation, while his steady character and popular 
 manners make him a geneml favorite. Quite a young man, he bids fair 
 to rise in his business, and follows well in the worthy footsteps of his 
 distinguished father. 
 
 ALEXANDER, J. H., Druggist, 212 Broad. 
 
 The stand occupied by Mr. Alexander has long been familiar in Au- 
 gusta as a drug store. The present proprietor is looked upon, and not 
 without reason, as one of the most energetic and successful business 
 men in the city. His stock of drugs, medicines, paints, oils, brushes, 
 garden seeds, etc., is full and complete, and the establishment has a 
 very large patronage. Mr. Alexander is publishej* of the "Two States 
 Almanac," regarded as one of the very best works of the kind ever 
 compiled. 
 
 ALEXANDER, W. F., Cotton Broker, corner Reynolds and 
 Jackson. 
 
 6 
 
78 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 ALLEN, J. V. H. & CO., 227 Broad, Agents for Georgia 
 
 Home lusiirauce Company, Royal iDSurance Company, Imperial and 
 Northern Insurance Co., New York Underwriters Agency, Insurance 
 Co. of North America, Virginia Fire and Mario e Insurance Company, 
 Niagara Fire Insurance Company, London and Lancaster Insurance 
 Conpany and Manhattan Life Insurance Company. Major J. V. H. 
 Allen, the senior member of the firm, is one of the most prominent and 
 highly respected citizens of Augusta. During the war he was Major 
 of tlie Sixty-Third Georgia Regiment, and was noted as an able and 
 gallant officer. In the progress of one of the desperate battles around 
 Atlanta, the lamented General Wm. H. Walker rode up to where Major 
 Allen's command was engaged in the thickest of the fight : "Ami 
 right, General," said Major Allen. " Yes," was the reply, "You are 
 always right." Major Allen was a member of the Russell Council in 
 1858, and in 1869 was elected Mayor. He was one of the prime movers 
 in the enlargement of the Augusta canal, and reorganized the police 
 force, uniforming it and making it a credit to the city. He is a public 
 spirited citizen, and is always in the front rank when anything is to be 
 done which has the interest and advancement of Augusta for its 
 object. 
 
 ANDERSON, W. T. & CO., Dry Goods, 242 Broad. 
 
 Mr. Anderson is one of the livest dry goods men in the South, and 
 his business, therefore, is large. His store is constantly crowded with 
 ladies, while his wholesale department is much patronized by country 
 dealers. His stock is extensive and v^aried. Everything in the dry 
 goods and notion line can be found in it, and the prices are low enough 
 to suit the most exacting. He has also, in addition to his other at- 
 tractions, a full line of carpets, including beautiful Brussels, at 75 
 cents a yai'd. Mr. Anderson is a valuable member of our community, 
 and Augusta is proud to claim him among her citizens. 
 
 APEL, J. W., Shoes and Dry Goods, Broad. 
 ARCHER, WM., Tailor, 50 Jackson. 
 ARMSTRONG, THOMAS, Grocer, 308 Broad. 
 ASHER, A., Clothing, 176 Broad. 
 
Rbpresentative Business Men and Houses. 79 
 
 AUGUSTA EVENING NEWS, office 235 Broad. 
 
 This daily paper was commenced in November, 1877, and has been 
 running with increased popularity and favor ever since. Well gotten up 
 and printed, and full of life, it is recognized everywhere as a line and 
 first-class paper, and in Augusta it is one of the institutions of the times. 
 It has a large and increased circulation, and as an evidence of healthy 
 growth, it commenced in October, 1878, a beautiful eight-page weekly. 
 The proprietors are Messrs. James L. Gow, John M. Weigle and Wm. 
 H. Moore, all substantial business men, full of energy and the spirit of 
 the times. The business manag(nnent of the paper is in charge of Mr. 
 John M. Weigle, one of the most experienced printers and business 
 men in Augusta, and the Evening News is ably edited by William H. 
 Moore, one of the best known and most popular journalists in the 
 South. 
 
 AUGUSTA FACTORY OFFICE— Wm. E. Jackson, 
 President, 199 Broad. 
 
 AUGUSTA GAS LIGHT CO., office over 210 Broad. 
 
 BAILIE, JAS. G. & BRO., Carpets 274 Broad, and 
 GroceriFS 205 Broad. The Messrs. Bailie established themselves in 
 Augusta before the late war, and from the first became prominent and 
 useful citizens. Mr. Jas. G. Bailie has been a member of the Board of 
 Education of Richmond county since its inception, and has done much 
 to contribute to its efficiency. The firm has recently established a new 
 store for carpets, oil cloths, shades, and similar goods, next to the Opera 
 House Arcade, and does a thriving business. 
 
 BALK, H. L. A., Dry Goods, 174 Broad. 
 
 BANSLEY & HICKEY, Barbers and Hair Dressers, Jack- 
 son, under Globe Hotel. There are thousands of barbers in the United 
 States, but there are few who understand how to give one a comfortable 
 shave. Among these few Bansely & Hickey take a prominent place. 
 No where in the Union will our readers find barbers more skilled or 
 accomplished in their art. So careful are they, so keen their razors, 
 and so skillful t!\eir manipulations, that he who is getting shaved feels 
 that there is nothing moi-e to desire. They also understand hair cutting 
 to perfection and give satisfaction in all cases. 
 
80 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 BARRETT & LAND, Druggists, 270 Broad. 
 
 This is one of the largest drug houses in the city, and does a very 
 large wholesale business, receiving orders from druggists in different 
 parts of Georgia and South Carolina. The goods are of standard 
 excellence, and parties sending orders may rely upon receiving full 
 justice. The members of the firm are gentlemen of experience in 
 their line of business, and understand how to meet the requirements of 
 the trade and of the public. In their stock can be found everything usually 
 contained in a first-class establishment of this kind, such as paints, 
 oils, brushes, medicines, fine teas, and other articles "too numerous 
 to mention." It is the oldest drug house in the Slate. 
 
 BARRY, EDWARD, M. D., 261 Broad. 
 
 Dr. Barry is well known as one of the oldest and most prominent drug- 
 gists in Augusta. Besides his large drug store in the city, Dr. Barry is 
 proprietor of Barry's Chemical Works, situated on the Georgia Rail- 
 road, just outside the city limits, and Barry's Chemical Fertilizer is 
 noted as one of the finest made. It is largely used all over Georgia, 
 and is made under the personal superintendence of Dr. Barry himself. 
 He employs a large force in his store and works, and is one of the 
 most prominent and useful citizens in Augusta. 
 
 BAUM, A., Dry Goods, 351 Broad. 
 
 BAUM, J., Dry Goods, 363 Broad. 
 
 BEAN, JOSEPH S., Jr., Treasurer of the Augusta Savings 
 Institution, is generally admitted to be one of our most thoroughly 
 successful young men. At an early age, he was elected Treasurer of 
 the Savings Institution, and has since that time so ably managed the 
 affairs of the bank, that not one dollar has ever been turned from profit 
 to loss upon its books. He is both capable and public spirited, is 
 at the head of several worthy organizations in the city, and is fast be- 
 coming one of Augusta's prime representative and solid men. A gentle- 
 man of fine classical and literary training, and well stored mind, he can 
 be but as great an ornament to society as he is an important factor in 
 the commercial community. 
 
 BEAN, T. S., Lawyer. 
 
 Mr. Bean was admitted to the bar about eighteen months ago, and bids 
 fair to take a prominent seat among the jurists of Richmond county. 
 He is well capacitated for his profession, by a liberal education and cul- 
 tured training, and has shown considerable vim and aptitude in the Court 
 room and office. 
 
Representa-mvk Business Men and Houses. 81 
 
 BEHRMANN, WM., Grocer, 95 Broad. 
 
 BENNETT &FLYNN, Grocers, corner Campbell and Dugas. 
 
 BENNETT & HOWARD, Grocers, corner of Telfair and 
 Campbell . 
 
 BENSON & MERCIER, No. 4 Warren Block, Cotton and 
 Commission Merchants, are now among the firmly established houses in 
 Augusta's most valuable business. They are located in the heart of 
 Cotton Row, have excellent storage and warehouse facilities, and by 
 prompt, fair dealing, have won enviable places in a business way. 
 Both members of the firm are fine merchants and are highly thought of 
 here. 
 
 BENSON, WM. E., Merchant Tailor, 229 Broad. 
 
 Mr. Benson has been in the business at his old stand for many years, 
 and pursues strictly and purely the terchant tailoring business. He 
 uses the finest goods, employs the most skillful workmen, and making 
 a specialty of fitting clothes, has naturally given eminent satisfaction- 
 Mr. A. T. Stewart, his affable young assistant, attends carefully to the 
 numerous orders from the country, and readily accommodates callers 
 at their store, 
 
 BESSMAN, JOHN, Wholesale Dealer in Liquors, 298 
 Broad. Mr. Bessman is one of the most popular of our German citizens. 
 He has been in Augusta for many years, and during the whole of that 
 period has enjoyed the confidence and respect of the community. He 
 . has one of the largest wholesale liquor houses in the 8outh and 
 carries on an extensive business. He is agent for John Gibson's Son & 
 Co.'s popular brands of whisky, of which a large quantity is sold in 
 this section. He is also agent for several noted breweries, and brings 
 out many car loads of beer annually. Mr. Bessman is a member of 
 the Democratic Executive Committee of Richmond County. 
 
 BISELL, KENT & CO., 4 Jackson, opposite Warren block, 
 are destined to become one of our most popular firms of meat and pro- 
 duce brokers and commission merchants. Mr. Kent Bisell, the senior 
 member of the firm, has been for several years doing business in our 
 city, where he is well and favorably known, while Thomas W. Porter, 
 Esq., is among our most active and popular young gentlemen. 
 
 BLACK, J. C. C, City Attorney, law office over 206 Broad. 
 
83 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 BLAISDELL, FRANK, Broker, corner Mcintosh and 
 Ellis. Mr. Blaisdell is an experienced broker, and has full knowledge 
 of every detail of his business. None understand better than he does 
 how to buy and sell stocks, bonds and other securities, to negotiate 
 loans and sell real estate. He has just fitted up a new and convenient 
 office and is prepared to attend promptly to all business entrusted to his 
 care. 
 
 BLIGH, T. C, 297 Broad, has one of the best estabHshed 
 crock erj^ houses in the place. His store is always a model of neatness 
 and order, and his supply of glass and china ware, lamps, chimneys, 
 lanterns and reflectors, contains everything needed in that line. Mr. 
 Bligh is a high-toned, genial gentleman, and makes friends of every one 
 he meets, by low prices, accommodating efforts and fair dealing. His 
 influ"iice will be felt in the community. 
 
 BONES, DOUGHERTY & CO., 281 Broad, successors to 
 the old and well known firm of Bones, Brown & Co. Messrs. Bones, 
 Dougherty & Co. are leading merchants in the hardware business and 
 have a large stock of their line of goods. Gentlemen of strict business 
 habits and integrity, they sustain the reputation of this, one of the 
 oldest houses in Augusta and the State. Thej^ employ a large force 
 in their hardware business, and all \^i&hing to get first class goods 
 would do well to call at the old corner of Broad and Campbell streets. 
 
 BOWE, R.J. & W, F., Builders, Architects and Contractors, 
 135 Broad. 
 
 BO WEN, W. D., Gunsmith, 290 Broad. 
 
 BRAKE, H. A., Watches, Clocks, Diamonds and Jewelry? 
 206 Broad. There are fewer names more familiar in this section than 
 that of Mr. Brahe. Years ago, in 1842, Mr. F. A. Brahe established a 
 jewelry store in this city and soon acquired an extensive trade, obtain- 
 ing a well merited reputation for fair dealing and excellent goods. 
 When he was succeeded by his son, the patronage so long extended to 
 him w^as continued to the new establishment, and the jewelry store of 
 H. A. Brahe, corner of Broad and Mcintosh street s, is one of the most 
 noted institutions in the city. Mr. Brahe is an enterprising merchant 
 and a good citizen. 
 
 BRANCH, SONS & CO., Cotton Factors, Campbell, near 
 Reynolds. 
 
Rbprksentativk Business Men and Houses. 83 
 
 BRANDT, ADOLPH, Lawyer, Mcintosh. 
 
 Mr. Brandt has practiced law in Augusta for some years, and has estab- 
 lished a fine reputation and practice with the bar and citizens. He is 
 Grand Master of Odd Fellows for the State, which is a distingi ished 
 honor to be conferred on so young a man. His ability in the discharge 
 of high office is universally commended, and he is one of the rising 
 yonng men of the State. 
 
 BRANDT, p., Notions, 324 Broad. 
 
 BREDENBURG, J. J., Grocer, 36 Broad. 
 
 BRIGHAM & DICKS, Grocers, 127 Broad. 
 BRISLAN, JOHN, Dry Goods, 382 Broad. 
 BROOKS, H,, Clothier and Shoe Dealer, 182 Broad. 
 BROWN, JAMES, Grocer, corner Campbell and Hopkins. 
 
 BROWN, Dr. J. P. H., Dentist, 271 Broad. 
 
 Dr. Brown is one of Augusta's most prominent dentists, and his work is 
 first-class and guaranteed. Besides his distinction as a dentist, he is 
 well known as a prominent horticulturist, and also as a cultivator of 
 bees, and honey producer. He is President of the Richmond county 
 Horticultural Society. His farm and bee culture is carried on about 
 five miles from the city in Summerville. In all his work and positions 
 he is a genial and pleasant gentleman, and is highly respected by all. 
 
 BURCH, J. W., 166 and 306 Broad. 
 
 In mentioning representative men, Mr. J. W. Burch is substantially 
 present. A fine citizen and thorough business man, he represents 
 well the shoe trade, and has two of the finest establishments in the city. 
 His down town store is under his personal attention, and is tilled with 
 a substantial and complete stock of boots, shoes, etc., while his up 
 town store is managed by Mr. J. J. Broome. In both he has as fine, 
 as durable, as exquisite and as heavy foot covering as can be purchased 
 in the South, and his prices are down at the bottom. 
 
 BURDELL, J. M., Cotton Factor, 6 Warren block. 
 
 BURKE HOUSE— boarding, over 172 Broad. 
 
 BURNS, B., Dry Goods, 130 Broad. 
 
84 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 BURUM, P. G., & CO., 259 Broad, rank among the livest 
 grocery aud produce firms in this community. Their store, in season 
 and out of season, is a scene of ceaseless activity, and their local and 
 country trade, excellent. The head of the firm is yet a young man, but 
 is esteemed as one of the soundest, safest and shrewdest in the business. 
 He is assisted by Burt O. Miller, whose business capacity is well-known 
 to all of our citizens. This house is one of long standing and fine 
 record, and has the confidence of all classes of commercial men. 
 
 BUSH, STEPHEN, Butcher, Centre, near Broad. 
 
 pALVINS, 46 Centre. 
 
 ^^ The "little store around the corner," as Calvins' is familiarly known, 
 is one of the busiest places in the city. It is noted for its excellent and 
 cheap family groceries, and has a large number of customers. The pro- 
 prietors work upon the principle that the best goods, small profits and 
 quick returns pay, and their success show that the maxim is a good one. 
 They give the exact change, and send articles to any part of the city, 
 free of charge. The house is very popular, and it deserves its popu- 
 larity. 
 
 CAMPBELL, Dr. H. P., Physician, over 207 Broad. 
 
 CAPERS, T. W., Lawyer, 22 Jackson. 
 
 CARGILL, D. F., Cotton Shipper, with W. F. Alexander, 
 cotton shipper. 
 
 CARROLL, M. P., Lawyer, office over L. Sylvester's clothing 
 store, Broad. Mr. Carroll is a native of Maryland, and a distant rela- 
 tive of that illustrious signer of the Declaration of Independence, 
 Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. During the war, Mr. Carr>)ll cast his 
 fortunes with those of the Confederacy, and was one of its most ardent 
 and gallant sons. He is a gentleman of education and refinement, 
 thoroughly posted in his profession, of great legal acumen and clear 
 judgment. His name is often associated with those of some of the 
 most distinguished members ot the profession in the State in the man- 
 agement of difticult cases. 
 
 CASSIN, G. b.. Grain and Provender, 141 Broad. 
 CATHOLIC YOUNG MEN'S SOCIETY, over 53 Jackson. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 85 
 
 CENTRAL HOTEL, south side of Broad, between Mcin- 
 tosh and Jackson. There are fewer places in the South better known 
 than the I'entral Hotel. Mrs. W. M. Thomas, the proprietoress, is a 
 lady who understands how to keep a good Hotel and that she does so 
 is evidenced by the large patronage whic > it receives. Those dis- 
 tinguished Georgians, Hons. A. H. Stephens and Robt. Toombs, are 
 always guests of the Central Hotel when they come to Augusta. Its 
 cuisine is excellent and its rooms are comfortable and well fitted up. 
 
 CHRONICLE AND CONSTITUTIONALIST, Ellis, near 
 Mcintosh The two journals which were consolidated under the above 
 name, were among the oldest in the United States, the Chronicle and 
 Sentinel having been establislied in 1785 and the Constitutionalist 
 in 1789. The two were consolidated March 18, 1877. The Chronicle 
 AND Constitutionalist is one of the ablest and most intluential papers 
 in the South. Conservative in tone, devoted to the interests of Georgia 
 and of the South, it commands a high place in the affections of the 
 people. It is filled daily with the latest news from all parts of the 
 country, and is in every respect a live newspaper. 
 
 CLARK, D. M., Drugs, corner Twiggs and Calhoun. 
 
 CLARK, N. BRUM, 251 Broad., is proprietor of one of 
 the most elegant and complete millinery houses in the city. The stock 
 is always of the newest selection, the styles of the most exquisite, and 
 the taste, which controls the extensive business, faultless. Mr. Clark 
 is one of our best citizens, a gentleman of broad views and liberal 
 culture and indulges occasionally in very meritorious literary diver- 
 sions. Several pieces of his poetry have been published, with fine 
 effect, in our city papers. 
 
 CLARK, O. M., 380 Broad. 
 
 CLARK, R. P., Confectioner, 314 Broad. 
 
 COFFIN, CHARLES E., National Exchange Bank, Broad, 
 is Teller of this large institution, and is a most capable and reliable 
 bank official. Capt. Coffin is a Carolinian by birth, and coming to 
 Augusta after the war, became rapidly identified as an accountant of 
 remarkable skill and faithfulness. He has been as prominent in ir.ilitary 
 circles as he has ranked high in the financial comnuinity, and is now 
 Captain of the Oglethorpe Infantry, tht first corps reorganized after the 
 war. A most genial gentleman and true man, his friends are legion, and 
 honor awaits him everywhere. 
 
86 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 COHEN, G ARSON, Varieties, 150 Broad, residence 153 
 Ellis. Mr. Cohen is one of our most noted Jewish citizens, who is 
 thorough}}^ identified with the interests of Augusta. His stock of 
 goods includes a variety of articles, among which we may mention 
 guns and pistols, watches, clocks, jewelry, etc. Mr. Cohen under- 
 stands how to suit purchasers, and sells at bottom prices. 
 
 COHEN, JNO. J. & SON, 181 Broad, are ever active 
 sentinels in matters financial here. Their experience in the bond and 
 atock business is unsurpased, and their skill and celerity in availing 
 themselves and customers of daily fluctuations are well known. Besides 
 their extensive operations, they have a good run of deposits. Philip 
 L. Cohen is one of the most thoroughly active and best informed men in 
 the community, and knows an opportunity when it comes; while the 
 venerable senior of the firm is in every way competent and experienced. 
 
 COLCLOUGH, M., Grocer, 325 Broad. 
 
 COLLINS, P., Grocer, 375 Broad. 
 
 COLLINS, Mrs. V. V., Crockery, 280 Broad. 
 
 CONNER, J. P., Mattress Maker 106 Broad. 
 
 CONWAY, G. W., Livery Stable, 252 Broad. 
 
 COMMERCIAL BANK— W. T. Wheless, President, 241 
 Broad, 
 
 COOKE'S CLOTHING STORE, A. W. Blanchard, 
 
 manager, 203 Broad. This popular clothing establishment is not only 
 one of the oldest stores in Augusta, but is the oldest clothing house in 
 the South. It is known all over the State, and its popularity is universal. 
 Clothing, hats and complete outfits can be had here at the lowest 
 prices, and whatever comes from Cooke's is substantial. This house is 
 now managed for J. C. Ludlow & Co. by Mr. A. W. Blanchard, one of 
 the best business men in Augusta, who is also assisted by Charles and 
 Frank Cooke, sons of the former proprietor, 
 
 COSTELLO, E. J., corner Washington and Fenwick. 
 
 CRONIN, Mrs., Grocery, 207 Greene. 
 
 CRUMP, S. H., Clerk of Richmond County Superior Court. 
 Major Crum|)'s long connection with the oflicial records of the county, 
 has made him a public institution, and his knowledge of Court 
 proceedings, and their correct keeping, insures him the place of Court 
 Clerk for life. He is one of the most popular officers that RichmoLd 
 connty ever had and one of Augusta's best citizens. 
 
Repre8entatite Business Men and Houses. 
 
 87 
 
 CURRY, G. P. & CO., igi Broad, has one of theoldest and 
 most reliable bankinsr and broker's institutions in the State, keeps con- 
 stantly on hand a full store of stocks and l)onds, the choicest of 
 Southern securities and cream of the n>oney markets. Mr. G. P. 
 Curry is one of the most wide-awake and energetic brokers in the 
 city, while Mr. R. F. Curry is known as a shrewd and sagacious 
 banker. The tirin are in every wa}' worthy of trust. 
 
 CUTTER, Mrs. ELLEN, Grocery, corner Campbell and 
 Fenwick. 
 
 DALY & ARMSTRONG, Dry Goods, 224 Broad. 
 
 The sign of the firm is new on Broad street, but the names which 
 compose it are as familiar to the public as if it had held its place for 
 a century. Messrs. Daly & Armstrong are young men, but tliey belong 
 to that army of progressive Americans who seek to improve the com- 
 merce of their country and to place it at the top of the roll of nations 
 for enterprise. Both are experienced in the line of business which they 
 have entered into, and they intend to keep goods which will speak for 
 themselves, and by their excellence commend them to the public. 
 
 DALY, HENRY, Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 138 Broad. 
 Mr. Daly has been in the shoe business in this city for a number of 
 years, and has never i ailed to give satisfaction. ' Courteous and polite, 
 he takes pleasure in trying to oblige his customers, and he generally 
 succeeds most admirably. Uuderstauding the wants and the needs of 
 the community in his line of business, he selects splendid stocks, and 
 sells his goods at prices to suit the times. 
 
 DANIEL, W., Cotton Factor, Reynolds, near Jackson. 
 
 Colonel Daniel is one of the most prominent cotton factors of the city, 
 and is located at the corner of Jackson and Reynolds street. He is 
 an active and useful member of the City Council, from the Second 
 Ward, and Lieutenant Colonel of the Independent Volunteer Battalion 
 of Augusta. He is an energetic business man, and a deservedly poi)u- 
 lar citizen. He was a gallant Confederate soldier during the war. 
 
 DAVIDSON, JNO. S. & WM. T., law office over No. i 
 Warren Black, now rank among the leading law firms of the Richmond 
 bar. They practice in all the State and Federal couits and make a 
 specialty of business in Carolina also. The senior member of the firm, 
 besides being President of the County Board of Education, is Worship- 
 ful Master of Webb Lodge, F.& A.i\L, and is treasurer of tlie Episcopal 
 Diocese of Georgia. He is a most reliable legal adviser, able advocate, 
 
88 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 and ranks among the most eloquent men in the country. Mr. Wm. T. 
 Davidson, the junior member, is one of the most industrious and pro- 
 found ot our young lawyers. 
 
 DAY, TANNAHILL & CO., 225 Broad. 
 
 This well known and extensive firm conducts a large and growing car- 
 riage and wagon repository, manufacturing and harness shops, 
 and for the past fifteen years have been prominent in business history. 
 Their establishment, added to which is a thorough repairing depart- 
 ment, is one of the finest and most extensive in the country, and their 
 stock is of the best make. The firm is composed of experienced mer- 
 chants and well known citizens who have always been prominent in 
 Augusta. 
 
 DEAS & PALMER, Butchers, 105 Broad. 
 
 DEAS, W. A., Butcher, Campbell, near Telfair. 
 
 DEEGAN, MIKE, Cotton Shipper, with Zizinia & Galatto. 
 
 DELPH, W. I., 265 Broad, the prominent young proprietor 
 of the old reliable stove house, is one of the best known men for his 
 years, in the city. His long store and spacious warehouse are filled 
 with one of the most caref ull}^ selected and highly complete stocks of 
 stoves and tin w^are in Augusta, and his repairing department is very 
 thorough. Mr. Delph is Adjutant of the Augusta Volunteer Battalion, 
 and is one of the most popular gentlemen in the South. His business 
 record is an excellent one, and his future is bright. 
 
 DENNING, D. H. & J. T., 171 Broad. 
 
 Messrs. Denning are among the most prominent merchants in Augusta, 
 and their store and warerooms are headquarters for supplies and 
 builders' material. Mr. D. H. Denning is one of the principal contrac- 
 tors for brick work and plasterer's materials in Augusta, and Captain 
 .T. T. Dinning, a prominent representative of the First City Ward in 
 the Municipal Council, is well known as one of the representative men 
 of Augusta, and his broad and liberal views have their full effect in 
 the progress and advancement of the city. Messrs. Denning are con- 
 nected with many of the most important enterprises in Augusta, and 
 both are prominent leaders in the Augusta Fire Department. 
 
 DENNING, S. T., Groceries, southeai=t corner of Jackson 
 and Watkins. 
 
 DENNIS, JNO., M. D., Patent Medicine, 119 Broad. 
 DERRY & LAW, Grocers, 277 Broad. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 
 
 DODGE. GEORGE R., 123 Broad. 
 
 Mr. Dodge is proprietor of the largest dyeing and cleaning establish- 
 ment in the city. He is an enterprising man, and work sent to him 
 receives prompt and careful attention. Located in a business part of the 
 city on the principal business street, his rooms are accessible to all, and 
 his business always well attended to. Mr. Dodge has every facility for 
 the dyeing and cleaning busiu'-ss, and his store is very popular with 
 every one. Mr. Dodge has been long identified with his business, as his 
 father was before him, the leading dyer in Augusta 
 
 DONLON, M., Grocer, corner Calhoun and Mcintosh. 
 
 DORIS, B., Grocer, southwest corner Marbury and D'Antig- 
 
 nac. 
 DORIS, P., Grocer, corner Marbury and D'Antignac. 
 
 DORIS, R, Groceries and Liquors, corner Walker and Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 DORR, A., 222 Broad. 
 
 Among the business houses of Augusta, there is none that stands higher 
 than that of A. Dorr, merchant tailor, 232 Broad street. Mr. Dorr 
 buys the best materials, and they are made up in the latest styles by 
 accomplished tailors. The visitor will always find, also, at this estab- 
 lishment, a full line of furnishing goods and hats. Mr. Dorr's estab- 
 lishment is extensively patronized, and it certainly deserves it all. 
 Filled with beautiful goods, having among its corps skilled cutters and 
 tailors, there is good reason for its popularity. Mr. Frank T. White 
 and Mr. Frank Dorr are always ready to wait on customers. 
 
 DORSEY, GEO. R., Grocer, corner Fenwick and Marbury. 
 
 DOSCHER, H. W., Grocer, corner Centre and Fenwick. 
 
 DOUGHTY, J. P., Cotton Shipper, of J. J. Doughty & Co. 
 
 DOUGHTY, WM. IL, Jr., M. D., office corner of Ellis 
 and Washington. Dr. Doughty is a graduate of the State University 
 and of the Medical College at Augusta, and is now connected with his 
 father, Dr. W. H. Doughty, in the practice of medicine. 
 
 DREYER, JOHN, Grocer, corner Lincoln and Telfair. 
 DUGAS, A. E., Physician, office and residence 47 Broad. 
 
90 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 DUGAS, EDWARD C, Grocer, 330 Broad, residence 47 
 Broad. Mr. Dugas is an eaterpi-ising young merchant, who has recently 
 commenced business at his present stand. His motlo is '" quick sales, 
 small profits and cash." He keeps first-class goods, and retails them at 
 the lowest possible prices. Mi'. Dugas is a native of Augusta, and one 
 of the energetic business men of the "young South." Since Mr. Dugas 
 started in business he has met, most deservedly, with a large patronage, 
 people understanding and appreciating the fact that he keeps good arti- 
 cles in every department of his business. His store is a place well 
 worth visiting. 
 
 DUGAS, L. A., M. D., LL. D. 
 
 Among the medical profession in the State and the Union, the name of 
 Dr. L. A. Dugas is in the very first rank. His opinions on any question 
 are listened to with the highest respect. His experience is large, his 
 judgment most accurate, and his knowledge extensive. He is professor 
 of the principles and practice of surgery, in the Medical College, and 
 his lectures are heard with the closest attention by the students. As a 
 citizen, no one is more highly esteemed. Dr. Dugas is a member of the 
 Board of Health, and President of the Gas Light Company of Augusta. 
 Identified w ith the city, having a deep interest in its prosperity, he is 
 regarded by every citizen as one upon whom the utmost dependence 
 can be placed. For years he has been prominent in the history of the 
 city as one of its most eminent physicians and useful citizens, and no 
 man holds a higher place in the estimation of the community. 
 
 DUGAS, L. A., Jr., Solicitor County Court, office Law 
 Range. Mr. Dugas is one of the rising young men of Augusta, a 
 member of the Richmond County Bar, to which he was admitted a few 
 years since, aftei' a very creditable examination. He has done yeoman 
 service for the Democratic party of the county and State at a time 
 when such services were needed. He has recently been appointed 
 Solicitor of the County Court, and makes an able and eflicient officer. 
 
 DUNBAR, CLARK & Co., Grocers, 278 Broad. 
 
 This is one of the new firms of the city, composed of young men. Mr. 
 Wm. M. Dunbar, the senior, is a one-armed Confederate soldier, and 
 that he possesses the confidence of the community, is evidenced by the 
 fact that he has several times been elected County Treasurer. Mr. 
 Frank R. Clark, the junior, is a son of Mr. John M. Clark, one of our 
 best known citizens, and a young man of energy and business talents. 
 His personal popularity and fine manners add much to his success. 
 
 DUNBAR & SIBLEY, Cotton Factors, Reynolds. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 91 
 
 DUNBAR, E. A., Grocer and Commission Merchant, 151 
 Broad. 
 
 DUNN, Mrs. C. C, Millinery, 310 Broad. 
 
 DUNNE, Mrs., Milliner, 146 Broad. 
 
 DUTCHER, SALEM, Solicitor General, office over 188 
 Broad. 
 
 DUVAL, L. D., Lawyer, over 272 Broad. 
 
 DVVYER, K., Clothier, 122 Broad. 
 
 "PSTES, CHARLES, office on Ellis st., between Campbell 
 ^-^ and Jackson. There is no man in Augusta who has borne a more 
 prominent part in the politics and the improvement of Augusta than 
 Hon. Charles Estes. A shrewd business man, alive to the exigencies of 
 the occasion, never putting off until to-morrow that which can be done 
 to-day, and a perfect encyclopedia of information as regards anything 
 connected with the city, he is looked upon with good reason as one 
 of its most useful citizens. Chosen Mayor of Augusta, in December, 
 1870, he was five times re-elected, making six terms in all. During his 
 continuance in office he exerted himself daily for the improvement and 
 advancement of the city. The enlargement of the Augusta canal, 
 which bids fair to add so much to the prosperity and growth of the 
 place, was commmenced and completed under his administration, and 
 the work was personally superintended by him during the greater portion 
 of the time it was going on. He knows every foot of the canal, from 
 Clark's mill to the Locks. He has been elected President of the Gum- 
 ming Manufacturing Company, a corporation which proposes to build a 
 large cotton mill on the site of the old Confederate Powder Works. 
 Mr. Estes is also President of the Augusta Land Company, an organi- 
 zation which owns a large tract of valuable land adjoining the city. 
 
 EVANS, J. K., Cotton Shipper, with Russell & Potter. 
 
 EVE, W. F., Judge of the County Court. 
 
 Judge Eve, who for three years filled the position of Solicitor of the 
 County Court with satisfaction to the people, was appointed Judge of 
 that Court upon the resignation of Judge. Snead. His recommendation 
 was signed by about fifty members of the Bar and several hundred 
 prominent citizens. Judge Eve is a native of Augusta, a gentleman of 
 talent and legal acquirements, and presides with dignity and ability. 
 
92 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 pALKS, Dr., Dentist, over 251 Broad. 
 FARR, W. J., Lamp Man, 143 Broad. 
 
 FEAREY, J. H., 221 Broad. 
 
 Mr, Fearey is known as one of the most expert and trusted jewelers in 
 Augusta. His workmanship, as attested, is of the finest order, and his 
 patronage is extensive. Work from his store is always guaranteed, and 
 his collection of w^atches, clocks and jewelry is beautiful and choice. 
 Mr. Fearey is well known to all in Augusta and his work will always 
 please, and those wishing jewelry or work in his line would do well to 
 call on him at his excellent store. 
 
 FENSER, C. A., Furniture Repairer and Cabinet Maker, 129 
 Broad. 
 
 FERBER, K., Baker, 354 Broad. 
 
 FERRIS, J. C, Merchant Tailor, under Law Range. 
 
 Mr. Ferris is proprietor of one of the best fitted up tailoring establish- 
 ments in the city. He has been in the business for years, has splendid 
 taste, and makes his selections of goods with judgment. His materials 
 are of the best description, and are cut and made up in the very latest 
 styles and warranted to be good fits. Mr. Ferris has recently moved 
 his manufacturing department into the large hall recently occupied by 
 the Library Association. 
 
 FISHMAN, JAS. (col.), Barber, Campbell, between Telfair 
 and Walker. 
 
 FLEMING & LOFLIN, Grocers, 266 Broad. 
 
 This firm, which is composed of rising young men, who know the 
 people of the section in which they live and are known and respected 
 by them, transact a very large retail business in choice family 
 groceries. Appreciating the fact, that in order to be successful in any 
 branch of trade, those who engage in it must aim to satisfy those wit^ 
 whom they deal, the firm make excellence a specialty, and therefore 
 none but articles of the best description are found in their establishment, 
 and in consequence the name of their patrons is legion. 
 
 FLEMING, C. A., Butcher, 103 Broad. 
 
 FLEMING, J. A., Lawyer, office over 202 Broad. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 93 
 
 FLEMING, T. P., 318 Broad, opposite Planters Hotel. 
 
 Mr. Fleming? is proprietor of a most unique and thoroughly fitted up 
 drug store in the upper part of Rroad street, and has maintained a 
 steady share of public patronage by the freshness and purity of his 
 goods as well as from the piomptness and accuracy with which 
 prescriptions are there propounded. Mr. T. Tischer, an experienced 
 pharmaceutist, is always on hand to serve the public in this impor- 
 tant art. 
 
 FLEMING, PORTER, Cotton Factor, 162 Reynolds. 
 
 FLEMING, W. H., residence Summerville, office 274 Broad, 
 Superintendent of Education. For the past two years Mr. Fleming 
 has managed the public schools of Richmond County as Commissioner 
 and Secretary of the Board of Education, and although quite a young 
 man has given proof of so mucli ability that he is no: only very popular 
 but has placed the public schoolsof Augusta and Richmond county on as 
 high gradt! and basis as any in the country. Mr. F. is a graduate of 
 the University of Georgia, and will ultimately join the legal profession. 
 
 FOG ARTY, THOS., Grocer, corner Fenwick and Twines. 
 
 FORCE, A. C, 285 Broad, Auction and Commission Mer- 
 chant. 
 
 FOSTER, Dr. W. H., Physician, iii Broad. 
 FOSTER, H. C, Lawyer, office over 202 Broad. 
 
 FOSTER, M. P., Lawyer, office over 206 Broad. 
 FOX, Miss, Milliner, 160 Broad. 
 
 FRANKLIN BROS., Cotton and Commission Merchants, 5 
 Jackson. 
 
 FREELAND, C. H., Jeweller, 202 >^ Broad. 
 
 FREEMAN, J. W., Jeweller, 171)4 Broad. 
 
 FRP:NCH ST0RE~J. Rival, proprietor, Confectionery, 230 
 Broad. 
 
 FULLERTON, D. L., Stoves and Tin Ware, 192 Broad. 
 Mr. Fullerton has been located in Augusta for a number of years and 
 has made a host of friends. Quiet and unassuming, but an enter- 
 prising business man, alive to everything that goes on in the world and 
 
 7 
 
94 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 keeping pace M'itli all tlie improveineuts in his line, he is a useful and 
 valuable member of the community. His stock is composed of the 
 best goods, and he guarantees and never fails to give satisfaction. A 
 visitor, who desires to buy anything in I^Ir. Fallerton's line, will be sure 
 to find what he w^ants at that gentleman's large and complete establish- 
 ment. 
 
 G 
 
 A.LLAHER, Mrs. E. F., 289 Broad. 
 The well known store of Edw. F. Gallaher is now carried on by Mrs. 
 Gallaher, and efficiently managed by Mr. Jno. J. Gallaher. He is a young 
 man of strict business habits, and walks worthily in his father's foot- 
 sieps. He is increasing the reputa;ioa of the store, and will make a fine 
 businessman. In his store will always be found a splendid stock of 
 boots, shoes and hats, which, for beauty, strength and durability, 
 cannot be surpassed. This shoe house has one of the best trades in 
 
 GALLAHER, JAMES, Dry Goods, 379 Broad. 
 
 GALLAHER, JOHN, Dry Goods, 377 Broad. 
 
 GALLAHER, P. & M., Dry Goods, 190 Broad. 
 
 Thes(i gentlemen have been engaged in the dry goods business in 
 Augusta for a number of years, and have won the confidence of the 
 community by their fair dealing. Their store is well filled with an 
 excellent stock of goods, and they sell at reasonable prices. A mem- 
 ber of the firm purchases goodb, personally, in New York. Their stock 
 is selected with care and judgmenr, and their gO"ds, therefore, are 
 always of the very best description. Thtir store is a popular institution, 
 and any stranger wdio visits it, and s^os the be.iutiful articles on every 
 side, will not be surprised that such is the case. Mr. P. Gallaher was a 
 gallant Confederate soldier during the war, and received honorable 
 v/ouuds in the service of the South. 
 
 GARY, W. T., Lawyer, 206 Broad. 
 
 j\[ajor Gary is a native of Edgefield county. South Carolina, and a true 
 type of the high toned chivalric people of the Palmetto State. A gtdlant 
 and distinguished soldier during the war between the States, and true as 
 steel since, he is a son of whom any Slate might well feel proud. As 
 a lav/yer. Major Gary is a close student, and an able speaker. He has 
 been very successful in his cases. He has a host of friends in Augusta. 
 Major Gary is President of the recently organized South Carolina 
 Society. 
 
MfaUdAMiiAi 
 
 Representative Business Men and Houses. 95 
 
 GEDDINGS, Dr. EWD., Physician, office over 224 Broad. 
 
 GEORGIA RAILROAD BANK— corner Broad and Mc- 
 intosh. 
 
 GERATY & ARMSTONG, Groceries, 291 Broad. 
 
 GERHKEN, D & BRO , Grocers, 112 Broad. 
 
 GIBSON, THOMAS H.. Lawyer, office No. 10 Mcintosh. 
 Mr. Gibson pi-acticcd law in VVari-eu county for some years before 
 coming to Aligns: a, and was very successful. Coming to Augusta some 
 years since, he has since continued Un practice of liis profession in our 
 cily. Sound in thought and practical in his work, he is well thought of 
 by all who liuov/ him, and is csa cviK-d by his profcsdonal brothers. 
 
 GIBSON, WM., Judge of Vae Augusta Circuit, has for a 
 lo:ig time 'ijld this res;;onsljb " ' >"\ '-' ■• ' • : -r '^^ o'-o^to 
 the people. He was a law p ; y;os 
 
 first appointed "- ' ' ' - ; _,, ,. . ,. Oobb, 
 
 and has sln;^.e / le a war record 
 
 as cc,n be iun . vnggie as a private 
 
 and was stiLsc a Georgia Regiment, 
 
 where he serve;! pill^iul/ iAv..d^'^ ;au v.'i:ir. lio was senior Colonel in 
 " Wr'ght's invincib'c brigade," which be commanded in General 
 Wright's absence. It was while leading this brigade on the hei'dits of 
 Gettysburg that Colonel Gibson recuivcd several wounds, and was cap- 
 tured, and held for a long time in prison. He represented Warren and 
 Richmond couniles in the Legislature, and was at one time President of 
 the Senate. Judge Gibson has many friends in the State, and is one of 
 the most pr)pular men in the district. 
 
 GILLETTE, S. O., Omnibus Stables, corner Walker and 
 Campbell. 
 
 GIRARDY, Miss, Millinery, 299 Broad. 
 
 GODIN, JULES, French Watchmaker, established 1871, 
 offica and residence 320 Broad, opposite Plantc-rs Hotel. Fine assortment 
 of watches, clocks, jewelry and spectacles on hand and for sale at prices 
 wh'ch defy competition. Florichi curiositivs a specialty. Goods war- 
 ranted as represented. Watches, clocks and jewelry work done in 
 the best style of the art. 
 
 GOETCHIUS & CO., C. T., Druggists. 118 Broad. 
 
96 The Hand Book of Augusta. 
 
 GOODRICH, GEO. E., Grocer, 311 Broad. 
 
 GORMAN, J. O., Groeer, corner Fenwick and S. Boundary. 
 
 GOW, J AS. L., 255 Broad. 
 
 Among the established citizens of Augusta Jas. L. Gow ranks promi- 
 nent. Thoroughly identified with its progress, he has taken a pubhc 
 spirited interest in the city and its organizations. He is a prominent 
 Odd Fellow, has one of the largest job printing establishments in the 
 city, and is one of the proprietors of the Augusta Evening News. He 
 turns out none but the best work from his job department and keeps 
 in his store a varied stock of books, stationery and fancy articles for 
 use and ornament. 
 
 GRAHAME, M., Cotton Buyer, over No. 4 Warren Block. 
 
 GRAHAM, D., Grocer, corner Centre and Telfair. 
 
 GRAHAM, J., Grocery and Liquors, corner Centre and 
 Calhoun. 
 
 GRANDJEAN, D,, Confectioner, 57 Jackson. 
 
 GRAY, C. &C0., Dry Goods, southeast corner Broad and 
 Mcintosh. Mr. Chris. Gray is one of the most widely known merchants 
 in the South, as his establishment is one of the largest in this section. 
 He buys his goods himself in New York, and as he understands how to 
 make judicious purchases, is enabled to sell bargains. Few ladies 
 would think of going out shopping wishout calling at the store of C. 
 Gray & Co. The Augusta establishment is in charge of Mr. Andrew 
 Gray, a gentleman of ability and good j udgment. 
 
 GRAY, JAMES A., Dry Goods, 194 and 196 Broad, 
 residence Greene, northwest corner Mcintosh. Mr. Gray is proprietor 
 of one of the largest dry goods est xblishments in the city, and his store 
 is noted for its architectural beauty. It is one of the most prominent 
 buildings in the city. Mr. Gray is a popular and public spirited citizen. 
 A staunch Democrat, he has always been interested in the cause of 
 good government. Commencing at the front of the establishment, 
 with llie immense show windows, glittering with beautiful articles, the 
 visitor finds himself in one of the largest and most complete dry goods 
 establishments in the South, and hours pass almost before he is aware 
 of it, in the contemplation of the splendid stock. 
 
 GUESS, Dr. J. M., Physician, 360 Broad. 
 
 GUTHRIE, A., Shoemaker, 46 Jackson. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 
 
 97 
 
 H 
 
 ABERSHAM, E. M., Lawyer, 22 Jackson. 
 
 HAHN, J. D., Baker, 120 Broad. 
 
 HANSBERGER, P., 210 Broad, has a for a long time been 
 among the leaders of tobacconists in Augusta. His goods are as choice 
 and fresh, as constant importation and incessant home manufacturmg 
 can mal^e them, and he furnishes the tinest smoldng equipments for 
 lovers of vapory ease. Mr. John Tischer, well versed in the business, 
 assists Messrs. Hansberger & Son in the conduct of an extensive and 
 popular business. 
 
 HARKER, Dr. E. W., Dentist, 137 Broad. 
 
 HARP, J. M., Lamp Dealer, 144 Broad. 
 
 HARRIS, C. W., 219 Broad. 
 
 Mr. Harris has a finely regulated insurance office, bemg Agent for 
 some of the soundest companies in the country, and besides a good 
 share of the broker's business, which he prosecutes with keenness and 
 energy, a progressive real estate agency also occupies his attention. 
 He is noted as one of our live, whole-souled citizens, j)OBsessing 
 hosts of friends. 
 
 HARBIG, G., Jeweler, Jackson. 
 
 HARPER & BRO., Lawyers, over 225 Broad. 
 
 HARRIS, R., Dry Goods, 132 Broad. 
 
 HATTON, Dr. JOS., Druggist, ^^y2 Jackson. 
 
 HEARD, I. T., Cotton Shipper, with Wm. M. Read. 
 
 HEGGIE, R. C. & CO., 275 Broad, Auction house. 
 
 HENRY, T. W., Shoe Dealer, 237 Broad. 
 
 HERTZ, D., Clothier, 155 Broad. 
 
 HESS, H., Eruit and Vegetables, 125 Broad. 
 
 HICKMAN, C. W., M. D., office over 239 Broad, residence 
 Sunmierville. Dr. Hickman graduated at the Medical College, in 
 Augusta, and completed his medical education in the colleges and hos- 
 pitals of Europe, where he had great advantages. He is now located 
 in Augusta, and is cme of the adjunct professors in the Medical College 
 at Augusta, and lectures on the special subject of optlmlmology. 
 
The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 HILL, B. T., Grocer, 329 Broad. 
 
 HILL, F. W., Cotton Shipper, with Nowell & FrankHn. 
 
 HOLM AN, W. H., Butcher, Bredenburg's new building, 
 Centre, near Broad. Mr. Hoi man is an enterprising young man who 
 has established a first-class meat shop on one of the principal thorough- 
 fares of the cit}''. Those in search of good meats of all kinds, will 
 always find the best at his stand. He kills fat beeves, sheep and hogs, 
 and his meats are tejider and juicy. He is very popular, and deserves 
 his popularity. 
 
 HOLSONBAKE, A., Druggist, Campbell, between Telfair 
 and Walker. 
 
 HOOK, JAMES S., Lawyer, office over the Post-Office, 
 residenco Summerville. Judge Hook has acquii'ed a national reputation 
 as a brilliant lawyer and eloquent speaker. Pie has been engaged in 
 some c»f the most celebrated criminal and civil cases in the State, and 
 has been uniformily successful even when opposed to such distinguished 
 members of the profession as Robert Toombs and A. H. Stephens. 
 His management of the "Pounds murder case," a cause celehre waS 
 universally commented upon, and he received some of the highest 
 encomiums ever bestowed upon a lawyer, iu couuection with it. He 
 was f or severa,! years Judge of the Superior Court of the Middle Circuit, 
 and his decisions stand as monuments of legal ability and learning. 
 
 HOOKEY, GEO. S., Coal Dealer, 210 Broad. 
 
 Mr. Iloolcey possesses a reputation for business energy and enterprise, 
 that is fully deserved. He has recently done what has never before 
 been attempted in Augusta, brought thirty-five hundred tons of coal to 
 the city at one time. He is know^) as a "fair and square " dealer, giving 
 good measure and selling none but the best coal. Suoli men deserve 10 
 be encouraged, and he certainly receives a liberal share of patronage. 
 He is one of the most solid and respected ci'dzens of the place, a gen- 
 tleman of the hlgbest character. Mr. Hookey has been superintendent 
 of the Gas Light Company of Augusta for a number of years. 
 
 HOWE SEWING MACHINE COMPANY, 346 Broad. 
 
 HUDSON cb STU3r.3, Grocers, 178 Broad. 
 
 HULSS. JAS. H., Dyer, 53 Jackson. 
 
 HYMAN, J. C,, 359 ^road. 
 
Repeesentative Business Men and Houses. 
 
 99 
 
 HYAMS, M., Real Estate Agent, 25 Mcintosh, between 
 Broad and Reynolds. Mr. ITyams controls and manages one? of the 
 largest and most important industries connected with the j:;:-owta of 
 Augusta. The real estate business is now one of the leading branches 
 of business in large cities, anddrpots or general agencies are es abl'shed 
 that are regarded as headquarters, not only for buying and selling real 
 estate and property of all kinds, and renting the same, but as bureaus 
 of inforn^ation. One of the most important of these in the whole 
 country is at Augusta, and is nanagcd by Hyams, whose name as a 
 large real estate dealer is known all over the Union. Together with 
 his°rc;tl estate and renting business, he negotiate loans, is agent fcr the 
 Aui-usta Land Company, the. Atchison and Santa Fe Railroad Ciimpany, 
 Kansas- Texas Land War rj?.nts, the Phoenix Mercantile and Collection 
 Association, and also for W. J. Rutherford's celebrated Augusta bricks. 
 His business is important- and very extensive, and has done much in 
 advertising Aususta as one of the principal chies of the Union, while 
 in the city itself he has done a great deal by bringing to Av.gusta 
 Northern capitalists, and thus developing its resources and advancing 
 its o-rovvth. 
 
 JACKSON, DAVENPORT, Lawyer, off.ce over Sylvester's 
 clothing store, Broad. Mr. Jackson is one of the shining lighis of his 
 profession, a gentleman of extensive legal acquirements and clear judg- 
 ment. While he wa? Solicitor of the Augusta Cii cuit, which office he 
 held four years with complete satisfaction to bar and people, he man- 
 aged the most dimcult cases with consununate ability, winning for :nm. 
 self a most enviable reputat;on as an able lawyer. Criminals were sure 
 of punishment, and the county looked on in approval as he protected 
 the interests of its good peopk". Declining to be a candidate fo -appoint- 
 ment when his term expii'.id, he entered actively into practice on the 
 civil side of the Court. He possesses the confidence and esteem of 
 everybody. 
 
 JANSEN, Mrs. C, Groceries, corner Watkins and Twiggs. 
 
 JAWORSKY, EDWARD, Grocery, 337 Broad. 
 
 JOHNSON, T. N., Cotton Shipper, with Wright & Crane. 
 
 JONES & EVE, (C. C. Jones, Jr.", & F. Edgworth Eve), 
 lawyers, office over Commercial Lank, Broad. ColouelJ(.ncs, the senior 
 of this firm, is known not only throughout Georgia, but in numy other 
 
100 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 . States of the Union, as a laAvyer and an author. He was admitted to 
 the bar in 1856, and was afterwards a member of the law firm of Ward, 
 Jaclvson & Jones, of Savannah. When the war commenced he was 
 Mayor of Savannah, but resigned that position in order to enter the 
 mihtary service of the Confederacy. He was at the head of all the 
 artillery in Georgia at one time, and afterwards commander of the Fifth 
 Military District of South Carolina. In 1866, he went to New York 
 and remained there ten years as a member of the law tirm of Ward, 
 Jones and Whitehead. A{ the unveiling of the C<mfederate Monument 
 in Augusta, on October 31st, 1878. Colonel Jones delivered the oration, 
 w^hich Avas a model. Captain F. E. Eve, the junior of the firm, was 
 admitted to the bar a few years since, and is a gentleman of much 
 promise. He was captain of a company of cavalry during the war, 
 and was noted as a gallant and dashing officer. 
 
 JONES, M. J., M. D., Physician, Northwest corner Telfair 
 and Campbell. 
 
 JORDAN, HENRY S., Clothier, 238 Broad, residence 201 
 Greene. What Mr. Jordan doesn't know about clothing isn't worth 
 knowing. He has been in the business for so many yeais that he 
 thoroughly understands the wants of the people of Augusta and the 
 adjacent country, and buys according. The visitor to the store will 
 find a full assortment of everything usually kept in a first-class clothing 
 store, and he will be hard to satisfy if he doesn't get what he wants. 
 
 JOWITT & SHAVER, Job Printers, Opera House Arcade. 
 This firm is composed of Mr. Thad. C. Jowitt and D. Shaver, both of 
 whom have long been in the printing business. Mr. Jowitt is an expe- 
 rienced job printer, thoroughly capable. The job oflSce is supplied 
 with all the latest improvements, ijcludiug an elegant press, and the 
 firm is prepared to do any kind of work in their line. 
 
 IZ'APLAN, G., Pawnbroker, 311 Broad. 
 
 KAUGHMAN, J. B., Clothing and Dry Goods, 162 Broad. 
 
 KEEN AN, P., Shoes, 226 Broad. 
 
 KEENER, J., Butcher, Jackson. 
 
 KENALLY, JOH*N, corner Telfair and Jackson. 
 
Representativr Business Men and Houses. 101 
 
 KENRICK, F. D., Druggist, 322 Broad. 
 
 KERNAGHAN, GEO. H., proprietor of the Palace Livery 
 and Sale stables. The name of George Kernagban is familiar to all who 
 ever rode behind a fine horse, and to say that he is proprietor of the 
 neatest and best arranged hiring stable in Augusia, or in the State, 
 would be the truth. His stables are extensively patronized, are well 
 kept, and ably managed. He has as fine stock as the State affords, and 
 his carriages and buggies are the best kept and finest made. In seasons 
 he sells mules and horses, and deals extensively with Kentucky drovers. 
 
 KOENIG, Miss L. M., Milliner, 330 Broad. 
 
 KRUG, C. A., Baker, Campbell, near Telfair. 
 
 T ABOUSEUR & EYE, grocers, 114 Broad, Brcdenburg's 
 
 -■— ' new building. 
 
 LAMBACK, G. F., Confectioner, 163 Broad. 
 
 LA TASTE, ANDREW G. , Cotton Factor and Cominission 
 Merchant, No. 4 Warren block, Jackson street. Mr. Li Taste is well 
 known to all business men in Augusta, and has been long connected 
 with the cotton trade and its ^vorklngs. He is known as a business 
 man, and a thorough gentleman, and gives his strict personal attention 
 to all business entrusted to his charge. Orders for goods promptly 
 filled, and his commission business is a large accessory to his cotton 
 ))uying and selling. Planters are leferred to him as worthy of the 
 highest trust. 
 
 LASS, WM., Baker, corner Centre and Ellis. 
 
 LECKIE, Mrs. L. J., Milliner," 183 Broad. 
 
 LEE, J. J., Grocer, corner Fenvvick and Marbury. 
 
 LEE & BOTH WELL, Grocers, 171 Broad. 
 
 LESSER, S., Cotton Dealer, 170 Reynolds. 
 
 Mr. Lesser is one of tlie busiest merchants on that busy .street, where 
 his ottice is located, and his establishment is generally the scene of 
 activity and bustle. Mr. Lesser, knowing the wants of the trade and 
 appreciating the fact that Augusta should have every species of 
 
102 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 industry in its midst, has built and runs a cotton press, where loose 
 cotton is neatly baled. He j-ays the highest cash prices for loose 
 cotton. Mr. Lesser is an enterprising citizen and has an amount of 
 vim and go-a-headitiveness that is bound to win success in any com- 
 munity. 
 
 LEVY, ABRAM. 
 
 Mr. Levy is senior member of the firm of Abram Levy & Son, clothiers, 
 218 Broad street. He is one of tlie most popular citizens of the place, 
 as is evidenced from the fact that he has been for a number of years 
 President of the Clinch Fire Company, one of the crack organizations 
 of the Augusta Fire Department. Mr. Levy's partner is his son, Mr. I. 
 C. Levy, who is noted for his business enei'gy. Their store is sup- 
 plied with a splendid stock of clothing. 
 
 .LEVY, SAMUEL. 
 
 Judge Levy was elected Ordinary of Richmond county in 1868, and 
 was re-elected in 1872. While m office he gave satisfaction to the people 
 of the coifnty. His oiuoc was a marvel of neatness and order, and any 
 paper in it could be found in a moment. He was admitted to the Bar a 
 short time after his second term expired, and is now practicing his pro- 
 fession. 
 
 LIEBSCHER, E., Fish and Game and Ice House, corner 
 Jackson and Ellis. 
 
 LITHEY, JNO. , Woodyard, corner Fenwich and Kollock. 
 
 LOMER, THOS. F., Grocer, corner Campbell and Adams. 
 
 LOO, CHUNG, Teas, 147 >^ Broad. 
 
 LOOK UM YOU, Teas, 328 Broad. 
 
 LOVv^ERY, J. H., proprietor of the Lowery Wagon and 
 Machine shops, corner of Eliis ami Ca.upboll streets. Mr. Lowery is 
 known as one of the solid men, and his personal superintendence of his 
 work, assisted by his son, Mr, Harr}-- Lowery, is a guarantee of good 
 work and proper atteniion. Wagons, carts, harness and anything in 
 the line of a wagon factoiy or running gear for plantatior use, is turned 
 out in the best and most substantial style. The Lowery shop is an 
 Augusta institution, and everything in his large shop is home made, and 
 he deserves tlie large patronage that the public bestows. 
 
 LUDEKINS, Miss E., Millinery, 25 Jackson. 
 LUHRS, C. H., Grocer, 108 Broad. 
 LYONS, ELLIS, Dry Goods, 373 Broad. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 103 
 
 "TV/TcANDREW, Mrs. JAS., Groceries, 342 Broad. 
 
 McCANN, Mrs., Grocery, Campbell, between Telfair and 
 Walker. 
 
 McCORD, Z., Wholesale Grocer and Provision Dealer, 294 
 Broad, residence corner Greene and Mcintosh. . Tlie sign of Z. McCord, 
 at the corner of Broad and Campbell streets, has long been a landmark 
 in Augusta. Mr. McCord very justly enjoys a high reputation for 
 sterling character in all his dealings with his fellow men. He is one of 
 those of whom it can trulbfuli}'^ be said, " his word is as good as his 
 bond." Keeping pace with the enterprise of the age, alive to Augusta's 
 interests, and ready ill ways to assist in advancing her prosperity, he is 
 one of her most useful and influential citizens. 
 
 McDERMOTT, M., Grocers, 357 Broad. 
 
 McDONNALD, J. C., Cotton Shipper, with F. W. Reid. 
 
 Mcknight & VVHITTENDALE, Shoe.s, etc., 267 Broad. 
 
 McLAVVS, A. H., Real Estate Agent, No. i Law Ran,^e, 
 residence country. Major McLaws is known to ever}' man in Rich- 
 mond county and is popular with everybody. He was a gallant olRcjr 
 in the Confederate army, and served the Lost Cause faithfully to the 
 end. For several yeais he was County ScIkxjI Coinniissioner and 
 Secretary of the Board of Education and was an efficient omcer, liked 
 and esteemed by teachers and pupils. Major McLaws knows every 
 foot of ground in Richmond county, and therefore possesses great 
 advantages for buying and selling real estate. 
 
 McLAWS, WM. R., Lawyer, 23 Jackson. 
 McLEMORE, Mrs., Milliner, 188 Broad. 
 MACARTHY & SHEAHAN, Grocers, 40 Jack.son. 
 
 MARCUS, M. J. 
 
 jMr. IMarcus is known as one of the horsemen of Augusta. His stables 
 in wiater season are filL-id with clioioe mules and hor^s from Ken- 
 tucky and Tennessee, and he is among the leading men of the slock 
 trade of Augusta. Representing a business largely carried on in 
 Augusta in winter; he sells numbers of the fleet and siu'e footed 
 animals. Mr. Marcus is a young man yet, and reprebents well his calling 
 and business. 
 
104 The Hand Book of Augusta • 
 
 MARKWALTER, THEO., 133 Broad. 
 
 Has one of the fiuest Marble Yards Souih and keeps always on hand 
 monuments, tombstones and marble work generally, a selection of 
 which is ever ready for lettering and delivery at snort notice. He has 
 several hundred of the choicest and newest designs of modern styles, 
 which he furbishes at low prices. His workmanship is elegant, and the 
 Confederate Monument in Augusta stands as a tribute to his skill, 
 energy and excellence. Mr. Markwalter is one of Augusta's best 
 citizens and is well known throughout the State. 
 
 MAST, J. B., Locksmith, 115 Broad. 
 MAY, R. H. & CO., 208 Broad. 
 
 One of the largest establishments in the South for the sale of carriages, 
 buggies, wagons and harness is that of Robert H. May & Co. The firm 
 sells annually a large number of vehicles, and its customers are found 
 in nearly every part of Georgia and South Carolina A visitor to the 
 establishment, if he is in search of a buggy, a carriage or a wagon, is 
 bound to get suited. On every hand vehicles are arranged in long rows, 
 embracing those of every description and price, from the buggy with 
 harness and whip, at ^S5 for the outfit, to that at $300. The smaller 
 priced vehicle is no humbug— but a substantial, handsome affair, with 
 excellent appointments. The firm manufacture a substantial and com- 
 fortable farm wagon, which is sold, with harness, for fifty dollars. 
 Three hundred of these are made every year, and ready sale is found for 
 all that can be turned out. Mr. Robert H. May, the senior of the firm, 
 is one of the most prominent citizens of Augusta. He was Mayor of 
 the city for five years, from April, 1861, to April, 1866. 
 
 MAYNAHAN, PAT., Grocer, Twiggs near Walker. 
 MERCHANTS AND PLANTERS BANK— T. P. Branch, 
 
 President, 223 Broad. 
 MERZEAU, L., 52 Jackson. 
 MEYP:R, J. H., Beer and Cigars, 316 Broad. 
 MICHAEL, L, Dry Goods, 156 Broad. 
 MHXER & BUSSEY, Grocers, 283 Broad. 
 
 MILLP2R & DANIEL, Grocers and Commission Merchants, 
 235 Broad. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 105 
 
 MILLER, JAMES, 239 Broad. 
 
 The old reliable dry goods house of James Miller is one of the main 
 institutions, ai d Miller's corner is one of the landmarks in Augusta's 
 history. Mr. Miller is one of the leading men, and is well known as 
 the oldest dry goods merchants in the city. He keeps in his corner 
 store one of the largest and best selected stocks of dry goods to be 
 found anywhere, and has a big wholesale business with country mer- 
 chants. His trade in city and country is as big as his reputation, and 
 everybody knows that the old, reliable is to be trusted. 
 
 MILLER, J. R., Planter. 
 
 Mr. Miller is the oldest son of Mr. James Miller, and is conducting one 
 of the largest farms in Richmond county, about four miles from the 
 city. He is noted as having raised the largest watermelons in Rich- 
 mond, which is celebrated for fine melons. He keeps a fine lot of 
 selected seed of the rattlesnake variety for sale. Mr. M. resides in 
 Augusta and is one of its representative young men. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, J. H., Lawyer and Real Estate Agent, 
 over 4 Warren Block. 
 
 MOORE, HENRY, Hardware, 243 Broad. 
 
 Since the earliest days of hardware business in this city, some member 
 of this well known famih' has been promineqtly engaged in this pur- 
 suit, and the large fine apartments of Mr. Henry Moore are filled with 
 every variety of staple and fancy articles of hardware and cutlery. 
 His outfit and stock are among the finest to be found, and Mr. Heury 
 P. Moore, now conducting the business, bids fair to keep the house in 
 its steady and proj^perous channel of popularity. 
 
 MOORE. JOHN BONES, Hardware, 185 Broad. 
 
 MOORE, J. J., Groceries, 372 Broad. 
 
 MOORE, THOS.,;Bar Room, corner Waker and Campbell. 
 
 MORRIS, S., Clothing, 292 Broad. 
 
 MURPHEY, E. T., Grocer, 170 Broad. 
 
 MURPHEY, N. &C0., Shoes, 168 Broad. 
 
 MULHERIN, WM., 293 Broad. 
 
 Mr. Mulherin is proprietor of one of. the largest shoe houses in 
 Augusta, and is regarded as one of Augusta's solid business men. He 
 keeps always on hand a well assorted and varied stock and can please 
 all classes. His goods are guaranteed and his large trade shows how 
 
106 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 he is appreciated. Mr. Miilherm also carries, in addition to his fine 
 stock, shoes and hats for plantation purposes, and he receives a large 
 patronage. Durable boots and shoes are a specialty with Mr. 
 Mulherin. 
 
 MULLARKY, A. & CO., Dry Goods, 262 Broad. 
 
 The head of this house, Mr. Austin Mullarky, is very deservedlj^ one 
 of the most popular citizens of Augusta. He is a prominent member 
 of tlie Democratic Executive Committee of Richmond County, and at 
 the time when Georgia was misruled, did his part to restore to her the 
 blessings of good government. He is an experienced merchant, and 
 the shelves of the firm are fided with the best goods that can be 
 procured. The store is always thronged with customers. 
 
 MYERS & MARCUS, Wholesale Dealers in Dry Goods, 
 etc., 288 Broad. 
 
 MYERS, SIMEON, Clothier, 107 Broad. 
 
 ]VTATIONAL BANK OF AUGUSTA— Wm. E. Jackson, 
 
 Presidect, 201 Broad. 
 
 
 NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK— 249 Broad, Alfred 
 Baker, President. 
 
 NEES, WM., Boot Maker, 390 Broad. 
 NELSON, Jno. S., Tailor, 42 Jackson. 
 NEWBY, J. M., Crockery, 157 Broad. 
 
 NEW YORK MILLINERY STORE— Miss Nellie Purcell, 
 232 Broad. 
 
 NOWELL & FRANKLIN, Cotton Factors, over No. 6 
 Warren Block. 
 
 NURNBURGER, A., Grocery, I58>^ Broad. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 107 
 
 /^'BRIEN, J., Shoemaker, 46 Jackson. 
 
 O'CONNER, Mrs. M. J., Milliner, 186 Broad. 
 
 O'DONNELL & BURKE, Grocers, 276 Broad. 
 
 Messrs. Eclw. O'Donnell and Jas. Burke, the members of this firm, are 
 natives of Ireland, but like all their countrymen wlio come to America, 
 are staunch and excellent citizens of their adopted country. Mr. 
 O'Donnell is a member of the City Council, and also of the Board of 
 Education of Richmond County, and does good work in both positions, 
 to each of which he has several times been elected. 
 
 O'DOWD, S. C, Dry Goods, 347 Broad. 
 
 OELRICH, J. C. H., Grocer, corner Centre and Calhoun. 
 
 OETJEN & BRO., Grocers, 40 Broad. 
 
 OETJEN & DOSCHER, Grocers, 174 Broad. 
 
 The members of this firm, C. 11. Ov.-'.jcn and J. Doschcr, are well known 
 German citiz-ns, gentlemen who add to the wealth and prosperity of 
 the community and who rightly have the reputation of being lovers of 
 order and good government. They keep a large and well selected stock 
 of goods and do an extensive business. 
 
 OSWALD, Z., Shoemaker, 20 Jackson. 
 
 OTIS, PATRICK, Liquors and Cigars, Jackson near Bi-oad. 
 Mr. Otis keeps a fine stock of first-class liquors and cigars which he 
 sells at reasonable prices. He never fails to give satisifaction to his cus- 
 tomers. Attached to the liquor salo(.n is a billiard room, with several 
 excellent tables. Mr. Olis has also incorporated with his ostabli^hment, 
 a room where whisky, brandy and other liquors of the finest brands 
 can be bought in bottles. 
 
 OWENS. ALFRED, Grocer, 100 Broad. 
 
 OWENS, S. E., Bar Room, opposite Union Depot. 
 
108 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 pANKNIN, J. W., Druggist, 134 Broad. 
 
 PARKER, J. W., Grocer, 102 Broad. 
 
 PEARCE, ANDERSON & CO., Cotton and Commission 
 merchants, 2 Jackson. 
 
 PELOT & COLE, Photographers, 192 Broad. 
 
 The photographs taken by this firm very justly possess a reputation for 
 excellence in every detail, second to none in the United States. Mr. 
 Pelot is an accomplished photographer, who keeps pace with all the 
 improvements which science introduces into the art, and in many 
 instances improves upon later discoveries himself. Lieutenant J. D. 
 Cole, his partner, is a skilled colorist, and the photographs which come 
 from his brush possess the life like tints of oil paintings. As an officer 
 of the Clinch Rifles, Lt. Cole is one of the prominent military men in 
 Augusta. 
 
 PENDLETON, A. P., Bookseller and Stationer, 224 Broad, 
 residence Elbert, northwest corner Ellis. Mr. Pendleton occupies a 
 stand in one of the most eligible locations in the city and does an 
 excellent business, which he richly deserves. He has one of the most 
 complete book stores in the South, and his tables are always filled 
 with the latest illustrated papers, magazines and other periodicals. 
 Mr. Pendletcm is an accomplished typo, and when in the business was 
 noted for being one of the best job printers in the city. 
 
 PEUFFIER, Mrs., Bakery, 341 Broad. 
 
 PHINIZY & CO., Cotton Merchants, i Jackson. 
 
 PHINIZY, J. H., Insurance Agent, 213 Broad. 
 
 PIERCED, R, L., Lawyer, over 176 Broad. 
 
 PISER, H., Dry Goods, 142 Broad. 
 
 PLANTERS HOTEL— B. F. Brown, proprietor, corner of 
 Broad and jMacartin streets. One of the first questions about a city is 
 in reference to its hotels, and it is universally conceded that good hotels 
 go a long way in making a town, and are the prime requisite and chief 
 beauty to the traveling public. The Planters Hotel, as managed by Mr. 
 Brown, is certainly one of the finest in the South, and one of the best 
 kept houses in the country. Its popularity is attested by the people of 
 Georgia and the neighborhood of Augusta, while it is the main resort 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 109 
 
 of all northern travelers in the winter season who come to our beautiful 
 city. Mr. Brown is ably assisted in his management by Mr. R. C. Ro- 
 gers, who is one of the best posted hotel men in Georgia, and a young 
 man of great popularity. In outfit and appointments, the Planters is 
 the equal of the best. Its apartments newly fitted up and elegantly 
 kept, its menu unexcelled south, and everything characterized by neat- 
 ness and perfectness, make this hotel indeed a delightful resort. Every 
 convenience and improvement is attached, including telegraph and 
 reading rooms, billiard rooms, etc., for gentlemen ; and the hotel itself 
 is conveniently situated for railroad facilities, and in the business and 
 prominent portion of the city. 
 
 PLATT BROTHERS, Furniture Dealers, 214 Broad. 
 
 The name which is inscribed on the sign over the front door of the 
 handsome and commodious store of this finn, is one of the most familiar 
 in Augusta. The Messrs. Piatt have been engaged in the furniture 
 business in this city for over forty years, and during the whole of that 
 long period have been noted for the sterling quality of their goods. It 
 is something for them to be proud of, that they have been before the 
 people for nearly half a century, and are as popular to-day as ever. 
 They have in their large establishment one of the largest stocks ever 
 brought to the South, and it embraces a splendid variety. The Messrs. 
 Piatt are also undertakers, and keep on hand a full supply of goods in 
 that line. 
 
 POULLAIN ANTOINE, Cotton Factor, 8 Jackson. 
 PRAGER, A. M., Clothing store, 184 Broad. 
 
 PRIMROSE, P. H., Butcher, Bredenberg's new building, 
 Centre. 
 
 PRONTAUT, J. H., Jeweler, 236 Broad, residence Telfair, 
 near Elbert. Mr. Prontaut is successor to his father, i\Ir. A. Prontaut, 
 whose establishment next to the Augusta Hotel, was so long one of the 
 landmarks of the city. Mr. Prontaut is a sterling and energetic young 
 man, with a thorough knowledge of the business in which he is 
 engaged. His stock is large, complete and well selected, and he never 
 fails to give satisfaction to his customers. 
 
 PURCELL, CHARLES & JOHN, Grocers, corner Fenwick 
 and Twiggs. These young men have lately opened their establishment, 
 and they have met with the success which they so well deserve. Active 
 and energetic, they have devoted themselves heartily to the enterprise 
 in which they have embarked. They aresons of Captain E. B. Purcell, 
 one of the most popular railroad men in the South. They keep a full 
 line of choice family groceries, and have a large and increasing busi- 
 ness. 
 
 8 
 
110 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 R 
 
 AMEY, J. D., Grocer, 313 Broad. 
 
 RAMSEY, W. A., 338 Broad. 
 
 M*. Ilarasey is one of the best known men in Augusta. All his life 
 connected with the place, and thoroughly interested in the city, and a 
 man of genial manners, he is greatly respected by every one. Mr. 
 Ramsey has been one of the largest dealers in Augusta, and now keeps a 
 line and selected stock of groceries, fruits, etc. Situated in a growing 
 and popular part of Augusta, his store will increase M'^ith the city. His 
 groceries and fruits are very fine, and he calls especial attention to his 
 stand. 
 
 RAPPOLD, JNO., Bar Room, 99 Broad. 
 RATLIFF, J. W. & CO., 164 Broad. 
 
 READ, WM. M., Cotton Buyer and Secretary and Treasurer 
 
 of Cotton Compress Company, over No. 7 Warren Black. 
 
 REANEY, J. F., Grocer, corner Telfair Campbell. 
 REID, Miss LUCY J., Millinery, 344 Broad. 
 REIMANN, Dr. L., Physician, 153 Broad. 
 RENKL, G., Variety Store, 160 >^ Broad. 
 REYNOLDS, P. , Marble Works, Campbell near Telfair. 
 RHODES & PREVAL, Grocers, corner Ceutreand Calhoun. 
 RHODES, T. R., Grocery and General Produce, 154 Broad. 
 RICE, Mrs. W., Milliner, 189 Broad. 
 
 RICHARDS V. & BRO., Dry Goods Dealers, and Proprie- 
 tors of the now famous Frederickburg dry goods store, 301 Broad 
 street. As one of the results of an earnest endeavor to serve their cus- 
 tomers with none but the best qualities of goods, and at the lowest 
 prices, coupled with that close attention to business essential to success, 
 this house has become a land-mark in the South, and its familiar 
 name, Fredericksburg store, is synonymous with fine goods, low 
 prices, fair dealing and satisfaction throughout our land. Viva voce, 
 our people agree that we have an institution of solid worth, represented 
 by the names of V. Richards & Bro. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. Ill 
 
 RICHARDS, W. T. & SON, 263 Broad, arc now proprietors 
 of one of the oldest book stores in the country. The house of Thomas 
 Richards is in the schoolboy recollection ot some of the oldest inhabi- 
 tants, and the firm have maintained a reputation for taste in selection 
 of books and stationery, which an untarnished business integrity has 
 bolstered up and age has crowned with honor. Their goods to-day 
 abound with the freshest editions of the literary press, the finest supply 
 of school and business stationery in Georgia. They rank justly high 
 among our solid firms. 
 
 RIGSBY, J. W., 279 Broad. 
 
 ;Mr. Rigsby has recently opened his shoe house, but has always been 
 well known to the people of Augusta. Since the establishment of his 
 house his trade has kept him busy and its popularity is assured. He 
 has a choice and large stock of fine boots and shoes, and splendid hats 
 and umbrellas. His stock is complete and everything is of the best 
 make. Before purchasing it would be well to call on Mr. Rigsby and 
 examine his elegant stock, 
 
 ROBBE, C. A., Plumber and Gas Fitter, Ellis near Jackson 
 Mr. Robbe is one of those men who became thoroughly identified in a 
 well conducted and long established business ; and is as intimately ac- 
 quainted with practical detail as he is with its liberal management. Mr. 
 Robbe is chief of the fire department, having served two years at 
 this important post with great satisfaction to the city and to the depart- 
 ment. He lias preserved harmony within the corps as well as 
 guaranteed security to the community by a judicious handling of tUe 
 department. He is proprietor of the Augusta Cement Works, now an 
 important enterprise on the canal. 
 
 ROBERTS, H. M., Artist and Sign Painter. 
 
 Mr. Roberts is situated on Mcintosh, rear of the Georgia Railroad Bank 
 A perfect gem of a painters's headquarters, and in addition to the car- 
 rying on of the house, sign and fancy painting, Mr. Roberts is an artist 
 of decided talent and exquisite taste. He is a native Georgian, and a 
 native artist, and a hard working man, and des(^rves well of the people. 
 His pictures are beautiful works of art, while his painting and regular 
 business are always the best and skillfully executed. He paints on walls 
 as well as canvas, and has ornamcnied a number of churches by his 
 art. 
 
 ROBERTS, WM. S., President of the Bank of Augusta. 
 Connected with some of the most prominent enterprises, Mr. Roberts 
 is recognized as one of the leading men in the city. He is President 
 of the Bank of Augusta, senior partner in the firm of Roberts *fc Co. 
 
112 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 one of the largest grocery houses in Augusta, and is also a member of 
 the firm or Roberts & Morris, cotton merchants. The Bank of 
 Augusta is on Broad street, the grocery house No. 2 Warren block, 
 and the cotton house on the corner of Mcintosh and Reynolds. In 
 all of these Mr. Roberts is a thorough business man, and an excellent 
 manager. He is universally respected for his goodness and gentlemanly 
 characteristics. 
 
 ROBINSON, GEO. O. & CO., 265 Broad. 
 
 Prominent among the lists of factories, foundries, and general empori- 
 ums, Augusta notes with pride the eminent success of "The Music 
 House of the South," presided over by Prof. George O. Robinson, one 
 of th(j best known and most wide-awaka men in the country. Com- 
 mencing in his music hall only a few years ago, Mr. Robinson, by his 
 associating with the finest American manufacturers, filled his hall 
 with the best instruments and latest music, which he was enabled to 
 sell at cheap cash rates, and upon easy terms to good customers. Added 
 to this he has, by a judicious and elaborate system of advertising, m- 
 vited buyers to his rooms, and kept his inducements constantly before 
 the people. The result has been commensurate with the effort, and his 
 music house, besides being popular rooms with Augusta people, have a 
 steady flow of visits from strangers. Prof. Robinson has the finest 
 makes of Mason & Hamlin's organs, and all the standard pianos, and 
 always keeps the stock large and complete. His delivery system is a 
 most accurate one, as orders every day for music, violin and guitar 
 strings, are promptly fiU'^d. From all parts of Georgia, Carolina, and 
 Alabama do these orders come, and Prof. Robinson, besides moving 
 two or three pianos every week, works a perfect net- work of trade in 
 the music line. 
 
 ROCHE, P., Shoemaker, 48 Jackson, 
 
 ROGERS, E. H., 245 Broad, keeps at the old stand a 
 fine a.ssortment of guns and pistols, among the best in the market. 
 His stock of ammunition is considered standard here, and to his store 
 do sportsmen repair for equipments of every kind. The repairing de- 
 partment of the shop has always been in the most skillful hands, and 
 gives general satisfaction. Mr. Rogers is one of our best citizens, has 
 served the people in various ways, and has been several times honored 
 by the First Ward with a seat in the Common Council. 
 
 RONEY, JAMES, Grocer, corner Campbell and Hopkins. 
 
 ROSENFELD, L., Clothing, 312 Broad. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 
 
 113 
 
 ROYAL, W. S., 231 Broad, proprietor of the Augusta Shoe 
 House. Mr. Royal's store might well be called the Augusta shoe 
 house, for it is immensely popular, and is always filled with a large and 
 well selected stock of the finest and best that can be bought in his line. 
 His stock of ladies' and misses' shoes cannot be excelled, while wear- 
 ing material for the feet of every style and for everybody is always 
 on hand. He sells his fine goods at bottom prices, and the full worth 
 of money is always gotten iTom Royals. 
 
 RUSSELL, JOB, Butcher, Marbury. 
 
 CABEL, JOS., Leather Merchant, 45 Jackson. 
 
 SAINSIMON & MORRISON, Job Printers, Mcintosh near 
 Broad. The gentlemen wjo compose this firm are well xnovn in 
 Augusta. Practical printers, who have long been in the business, tl ereis 
 nothing in the typographical art that they do not understand. They 
 have a neat and complete establishment, and are prepared to execute 
 work at low prices, and guarantee satisfaction to customers. Their jobs 
 will bear comparison with similar work done anywhere in the United 
 States. Their presses are new and of the most modem description, 
 and they keep up with all the new styles of type. 
 
 SANCKEN, D., Liquors, 152 Broad. 
 
 SAYRE, N, Confectioner, 184^ Broad. 
 
 SCHNEIDER, E. R., Dealer in Liquors, Cigars, etc., 161 
 and 256 Broad. Among the landmarks of Augusta none is more 
 familiar to residents and people of the vicinity than Schneider's ccrner. 
 Mr. Schneider has been engaged in business at this corner for :3iany 
 years, and is noted as one of the most successful merchants in the city. 
 He is not only an enterprising business man, but an excellent citizen. 
 Mr. Schneider imports his liquors, oils, pickles and other articles in 
 his stock, direct from Eui-ope, and his customers are always certain 
 that they are getting the best that the market affords. 
 
 SCHNEIKER & MYER, Grocers and Tobacco dealers. 116 
 Broad. 
 
 SHARKEY, Mrs., Varieties, corner Centre and Elh's. 
 
114 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 SHEAHAN, D. H., Grocer, corner Campbell and Gardner. 
 
 SHEAHAN, EDW., Soda Water manufactory, 205 Greene. 
 
 SHEFTON, ADAM (colored), Barber, 21 Jackson. 
 
 SHEHAN, D. H., Drugs, northwest corner Campbell and 
 Walker. 
 
 SHERMAN, W. L., Saddles and Harness, 336 Broad. 
 
 SHEWMAKE, JNO. T., Lawyer, office over Day. Tannahill 
 & Co., Broad. Judge Shewmake is one of the most learned and suc- 
 cessful lawyers in this section, and has a large practice. He appears as 
 counsel in very many of the cases on the Superior Court dockets of the 
 Augusta Circuit. In the days of the Confederacy, Judge Shewmake 
 represented the District of which Richmond constituted a part, in the 
 Confederate Congress, and won a well merited reputation as an able 
 legislator. After the war he devoted himself to the practice of his 
 profession. When the Board of Education was organized, he was 
 elected its President, and tilled the office with ability until he was 
 elected State Senator, when he resigned. When his term as Senator 
 expired, he declined a re-election. 
 
 SIBLEY & WHELESS, Cotton Factors, Reynolds. 
 
 SIMON, Mrs., Dry Goods, 126 Broad. 
 
 SINGER SEWING MACHINE— Agency 247 Broad, W. 
 H. Saul, agent. This well known company has, during the last year, 
 not only distanced all rivals in the race for popular favor, but exceeded 
 their own immense sales in the past, so that they now stand unrivalled 
 in the world of industry. What is true of the " great Singer" at large 
 is verified by the agency at this place. While other agencies have 
 drawn in the extensive offices and reduced their operations every way, 
 the Singer still holds undiminished sway, and is the pride of every 
 household. 
 
 SNEAD, CLAIBORNE. 
 
 Judge Snead is one of the most prominent citizens of Augusta and the 
 State. He at one time represented Richmond county in the Legislature, 
 and took a front rank in that body as an able and energetic member, 
 and for his zeal in behalf of the interests of the Empire State of the 
 South. As Judge of the County Court of Richmond county, he 
 acquired a merited reputation as an excellent judicial officer, fearless 
 and impartial in his decisions. He is a fine lawyer and elocfuent orator. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 
 
 115 
 
 During the war, Judge Snead was Colonel of the gallant Third Georgia 
 Regiment, and participated with it on many a hard-fought field. He 
 was captured by the Federals, and immured in a Northern military 
 prison, but through all his hardships remained the same brave soldier, 
 firm in his allegiance and love to his country. 
 
 SMITH, HACK & CO., 300 Broad, Produce and Com- 
 mission Merchants, successors to the well known firm of Blair, Smith & 
 Co., conduct one of the safest and steadiest businesses in Augusta- 
 Captain A. J. Smith, Mr. D. B. Hack and Mr. G. W. Crane, are well 
 known as experienced reliable men, and that they command a very fair 
 portion of produce and bagging trade, is not surprising. They make 
 specialities too of the choicest Virginia tobacco, and have their stock 
 ordered direct from the factories of the Old Diminion. 
 
 SMYTHE, E. D. & CO., Wholesale and Retail dealers in 
 crockery, china and glassware, kerosene lamps and fixtures, silver- 
 plated and Britannia goods, wood and willow ware, and a full line of 
 novelties in house furnishing goods, 258 Broad. This firm have one of 
 the most attractive stores south of New "York. When their show win- 
 dows are lighted up at night, crowds congregate before them, admiring 
 the handsome goods and the fine display. The store is stocked with a 
 great variety of beautiful articles in the crockery and house-furnishing 
 line, and these the firm propose to sell as cheap as they can be bought 
 in New York city itself. Mr. Smythe is an enterprising man, who keeps 
 pace with the improvements and the progressiveness of the age, and is 
 a valuable addition to any community. 
 
 SMYTHE, FRANK, 193 Broad, has his store well filled 
 with stoves and tin ware, guttering and tin roofing, and of repair- 
 ing material. He is entrusted with the most extensive and responsible 
 contracts of this description, besides job work in his Ime. Captain 
 Smythe is a gallant and prominent member of the fire department, and 
 at present is commanding officer of that veteran corps, the Irish Volun- 
 teers. 
 
 SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY- 
 
 perintendent, 179 Broad. 
 SPEARS, WM. E., Dentist, 330 Broad. 
 
 -H. Dempsey, Su- 
 
 SPAETH, CHARLES, Jackson, Northeast corner of Telfair, 
 wines, liquors and lager beer. Mr. S.paeth's name is a synonym for 
 all that is genial and generous. He is as good as his b<ni-, which is 
 saying a great deal. He is the agent in this city for one of the largest 
 breweries in Cincinnati, and sells a large quantity of the popular bever- 
 
 T' l-Ji-^x,.- 
 
116 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 age. Mr. Spaeth was a gallant Confederate soldier during the war. 
 He has been President of the Deutscher Schuetzen Club of this city 
 since its organization. Spaeth's Hall, corner of Jackson and Telfair 
 streets, is one of the noted points of Augusta. 
 
 STAFFORD, T. H., General Broker, i6 Jackson. 
 
 STALLINGS, J. M., Grocer, 128 Broad. 
 
 STEED, W. J., Commission Merchant, 319 Broad. 
 
 STELLING, D., Grocery and Variety store, 138 and 140 
 Broad. 
 
 STELLING, D. C, 327 Broad. 
 
 Mr. Stelling is one of Augustas young merchants. For about six 
 months he has carried on a grocery business on the northwest corne^ 
 of Broad and Cumraing streets and his success has been very great. 
 He has always on hand a fine and full stock of family groceries. He 
 receives a good share of patronage and is bound to succeed. The low 
 prices of his articles are facts well known, and the energy displayed by 
 him deserves a recognition by the public. He is located in a growing 
 part of Augusta, and will increase with the city. 
 
 STELLING, F. H., Grocer, 124 Broad. 
 
 STINSON, P., Grocer, corner Greene and Marbury. 
 
 STONE, O. M. & CO., corner of Reynolds and Mcintosh. 
 This is one of the soundest cotton houses in Middle Georgia, and 
 enjoys an unblemished reputation in the commission and warehouse 
 business. They are general agents for Gilletts' improved magnolia 
 cotton gins, Eigelow engines, Coleman's mills, cotton presses, horse 
 powers, grain separators, sugar mills and saw mills. These machines 
 are now being extensively used in this State and Carolina, and seem to 
 be all that their reliable agents represent them. 
 
 STOVALL, F. M., Dealer in Coal, Mcintosh. 
 
 Augusta, consumes a large quantity of coal every winter — anthracite 
 and bituminous, and it looks to the dealers in fuel to supply its needs. 
 Mr. Stovall has been engaged in the business for several years, and it 
 will be conceded on all sides that he has never failed to give satisfaction 
 to those who have favored him with their patronage. Straightforward 
 and conscientious in an eminent degree, he makes it a point that his 
 customers shall have good measure and good coal. His prices are 
 reasonable for both qualties. 
 
Representatiye Business Men and Houses. 117 
 
 STOVALL, M. P., Cotton Factor, 5 Warren Block. 
 SULLIVAN, JNC, Green Grocer, 461^ Jackson. 
 
 SULLIVAN, Miss MAGGIE, Groceries, Campbell, near 
 Walker. 
 
 SYLVESTER, L., Clothing. 272 Broad. 
 
 Mr. Sylvester stands high in the communit}^ for integrity and sterling 
 business qualities. He has been established in Augusta since 1865, and 
 has enjoyed a constantly increasing patronage since that time. His 
 stock is kept up to the standard of excellence expected in first-class 
 clothing establishments, and his prices are regulated to suit the times. 
 His goods are composed of the best materials, and are made up in the 
 latest styles, 
 
 SYMMS, GEO., Insurance Agent, Mcintosh street. 
 
 Mr. Symms is one of our most whole-souled and genial citizens, and is 
 now thoroughly identified with the insurance business, being agent at 
 Augusta for the Queen Insurance Comimny of England, Lancashire 
 Insurance Company of England, Manhattan Insurance Company of 
 New York. Merchants & Mechanics Insurance Company of Richmond, 
 Va. All having made the $25,000 deposit with the Comptroller-Gene- 
 ral of Georgia, as required by law. Gin house risks are also with him 
 a specialty. He is assisted in his work by Mr. George Symms, Jr., a 
 most competent and skillful young accountant, who has given every 
 evidence of promise and ability, and policy holdei s in these companies 
 could not be protected by better agents, 
 
 SWEIGERT. WM., Jeweller, 221 Broad. 
 
 npANT, I. S. & P. C, Butcher, 48 Jackson. 
 
 THOMAS, FLOYD, Butcher, no Broad. 
 
 THOMPSON & HEINDEL, manufacturers of doors, sashes, 
 blinds, etc.. Hale street, and No. 43 Jj^ckson. This firm run a large 
 plaining mill on Hale street. It is one of the largest establishments of 
 the kind in the South, and turns out annually a large quaniit}' of doors, 
 sashes, blinds, mantles, balusters, newels and stair rails. Dressed lumber 
 
118 
 
 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 is always on hand. The firm receive about 3,000,000 feet of lumber 
 every year. At their store, on Jackson street, they keep a full supply 
 of builders' hardware, including locks, window^ glass, screws, etc. They 
 also have for sale paints and oils. 
 
 THORNE, J. J. & CO., Hardware, 159 Broad. 
 THILEN, T., Grocer, corner Campbell and S. Boundary. 
 
 TIMBERLAKE, F. A. 
 
 Captain Timberlake is a member of the firm of F. A. Timberlake &Co., 
 commission merchants, at No. 1 Warren block. The house does an 
 extensive business in Western produce. Captain Timberlake is a 
 Tennesseean, and fought in the Confederate army as a volunteer from 
 that State. He was severely wounded, but served the Lost Cause un- 
 til the close of the war. He is respected by everybody who knows 
 him. 
 
 TOBIN, P. B., Bookkeeper. 
 
 Mr. Tobin is one of the best known young business men of Augusta. 
 Although quite a young man he is employed as bookkeeper in one of the 
 most prominent houses in the city — that of Bones, Dougherty & Co. 
 He is one of the finest and most competent bookkeepers in Augusta, 
 and one of the city's rising young men. His popularity with every- 
 one is a compliment that his good character and accomplishments 
 insure. 
 
 TRUMP, J. H., Fancy Goods and Notions, 220 Broad, 
 boards Central Hotel. Mr. Trump is one of those enterprising young 
 men, whose energy and business tact have made this Republic the great 
 commercial nation that it is. For several years Mr. Trump was mana- 
 ger of the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company agency in 
 this city, and became well known throughout Georgia and South 
 Carolina. His establishment is the depot for beautiful fancy goods 
 and notions, and is extensively patronized by the ladies of Augusta 
 and vicinity. 
 
 TURLEY, J. M., Dry Goods, 260 Broad. 
 
 Broad street would look strange without the sign of J. W. Turley, so 
 long has it h Id its place among the mercantile names of the city. Mr. 
 Turley's store is always well patronized during the busy season, and it 
 is known by everybody who knows anything about Augusta, that his 
 stock of goods is an excellent one in every particular. His shelves and 
 counters are tilled with beautiful goods, and his prices are marked to 
 suit the times. 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 119 
 
 l^AUGHAN & MURPHEY, Groceries, 273 Broad. 
 
 VAUGHAN, JOHN, J. P., over 46 Jackson. 
 
 VERDERY, EUGEXE P., Lawyer, office over 227 Broad, 
 is now one of the leading members of the bar, and one of the 
 soundest young men in the community. Entering the profession some 
 years after the war, Mr. Verdery devoted himself assiduously to his 
 duties, and has shown himself capable of managing the many impor- 
 tant interests with which he has been intrusted. But particularly in 
 the enterprise of the Augusta and Knoxville Road, has he exhibited great 
 firmness and tact, and his recent election as attorney for this vitally im- 
 portant enterprise, was a well-merited tribute to his energy and public 
 enterprise. 
 
 VERDERY, M. J. & Co., 274^^ Broad. 
 
 This popular young tirm, has in two years become one of the leading 
 houses of brokers in Augusta. Marion J. Verdery, the senior, is a 
 young man of line business reputation, and one of the leading young men 
 of Augusta. Mr. James U. Jackson, the junior, recently graduating 
 from the University, entered business with the finest prospects, and the 
 firm is now well established and centrally located. They always 
 keep on hand bonds, stocks, and the best securities of the financial 
 market. Their commission business is ver}^ large, and they are 
 intrusted with the sale of the most valuable property. They number 
 among their depositors and dealers some of the most prominent moneyed 
 men of Georgia, and their reputation for integrity and business man- 
 agement is held in high esteem by the people of Augusta. They are 
 among the foremost of Augusta's young business men, and their con- 
 tinued success is assured. Parties wishing to invest in stocks, bonds 
 and choice securities would do well to call on M. J. Verdery <te Co. 
 
 VOELKER, WM., Cabinet Maker, 104 Broad. 
 
 VOLGER, G., 195 Broad, has resided in Augusta since the 
 first puff of a cigar and the primitive pinch of snuff was taken, by the 
 English settlers, and is a prominent citizen. He is a very veteran in 
 the tobacco business, and has occupied his present stand for raanv 
 years. His stock is always among the freshest, and behind the smoky 
 clouds of the front store, shines a little gem of an office, where the 
 choicest Milwaukee foams at noonday, and sparkles at eventide. 
 
 VON KAMP, Mrs. F., Druggist, 131 Broad. 
 
120 The Hand Book of Atjgusta 
 
 TX/'ADE & SONS, Photograph Gallery over 208 Broad. 
 
 WALKER & MAN (colored), Barbers, 19 Jackson. 
 
 WALTON, D. (col.), Barber, Centre near Broad. 
 
 WALTON, EDWARD H., Cashier and Teller in the Bank 
 of Augusta. Mr, Walton is one of the best and most popular young 
 men in Augusta. Although quite a young man, he holds with credit 
 the very responsible positions of cashier and teller in the Bank of 
 Augusta, and the duties of the office are fully administered by him. 
 Besides being one of Augustas most competent business men, his 
 social qualities make him highly respected, and he is in every way one 
 of the leading young men of Augusta. 
 
 WALTON, MOORE & CO., Produce and Commission Mer- 
 chants, 169 Broad. 
 
 WARDLAW, J. P., Cotton Shipper, at Nowell & Fraklin. 
 
 WARDLAW, W. C, D. D. S., over 297 Broad. 
 
 Dr. Wardlaw has for seven years been a practitioner of the dental 
 science, and has given great satisfaction, by skill and judgment, in this 
 delicate art. He is not only held in high estimation by our community, 
 but ranks as one of the first men of Georgia in his profession. 
 
 WARNER, L., Dry Goods, 148 Broad. 
 
 WARREN, WALLACE & CO., Warren block. 
 
 These gentlemen are the agents in Augusta and vicinity for celebrated 
 fire and burglar safes and for Howe's famous scales. They keep a 
 variety of each at their warerooms, and have sold a large number in 
 Augusta. These have given satisfaction in every instance. Of the 
 safes, it may be said, that they are just what is claimed for them, abso- 
 lutely burglar and fire-proof. The truth of this has been demonstrated 
 on many occasions, where it seemed almost impossible that they could 
 have escaped unscathed. After the great Chicago fire, for instance, 
 these safes were found in cellars where they had fallen with the burning 
 timbers, and their contents were not even scorched, although the safes 
 had been subjected to the most intense heat for hours. 
 
 WEATHERSBEE, J. P., 349 and 351 Broad. 
 
 Among the prominent merchants of Augusta, and among those now 
 engaged in building up the town, J. P. Weathersbee will always be 
 named. In a tine part of the city, upper Broad, he has located two of 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 121 
 
 the fiuest and largest establishments used for business houses in 
 Augusta. His two stores are side by side and both under his personal 
 supervision. In one he keeps a large and finely selected stock of dry 
 goods, and it is always a headquarters for the ladies. Right next door 
 he has a large and first-clsss family grocery establishment. In both of 
 these he keeps the very best kinds of dry goods and ladies' material 
 and of family groceries and general supplies. His store is just the 
 place for the fanner, for he can get all his goods from one man with- 
 out the trouble of running around to other places. He occupies a 
 large space in the good opinion of the people of Augusta, and his long 
 expeiience of twelve years is a worthy commendation of a man who 
 has done well in and for the city. Mr. W. employs a large force of 
 assistants to sell his large and magnificent stocks of dry goods and 
 groceries in his twin stores. 
 
 WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH, 175 Broad. 
 
 The office of this company is centrally located and occupies the whole 
 of the first floor of one of the largest buildings in Augusta. The whole 
 is under the control of Mr. J. A. Brenner, the able Superintendent, 
 who is one of Augusta's solid business men. The corps of assistants 
 comprise twenty men, and they are employed day and night. The 
 oflSce in Augusta is one of the finest and best equipped in the country, 
 and controlled by Mr. Brenner, is the head o^ distributing office for the 
 Telegraph District of Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Although the 
 Western Union exercises a vast monopoly, the most perfect satisfac- 
 tion is given to every one. 
 
 WHEELER & WILSON, Sewing Machine Company, 51 
 
 Jackson. 
 
 WHELESS, WILSON & CO., 172 Broad. 
 
 This is one of the youngest and most vigorous firms on Broad street, 
 and the proprietors have shown a degree of energy and business apti- 
 tude which has crowded their stores with trade, and placed their credit 
 high. They are well known in Augusta and Richmond county as re- 
 liable, steady young gentlemen, and had not been in business one month 
 before they had turned over their entire stock. The firm is composed 
 Mr. W. S. Wheless, son of the President of the Commercial Bank, 
 Mr. Wilson well known here, and Mr. Carswell is of Hephzebah. 
 
 WHITE, J. B. k CO., Dry Goods, 228 Broad. 
 
 WHITE, Mrs. M. A. P., Crockery and Lamps, 334 Broad. 
 
 WHITEHEAD, GEO. A., agent for Central Railroad and 
 Southern Steamship Line, Reynolds, near Jackson. 
 
122 The Hand Book of Augusta 
 
 WHITNEY, S. M., Cotton Factor, i6o Reynolds. 
 
 WIEGAND, JNO., 28o>< Broad. 
 
 Prof. Wiegand is well and popularly known in Augusta as a most 
 accomplished musician and professor of the art that charms the soul. 
 He is agent for the celebrated Decker Bros, pianos, whose purity of 
 tone and sw^eetness and strength of sound is unsurpassed. These 
 instruments are recommended by the best professors and critics, and 
 that they are sold by Prof. Wiegand is a sufficient guarantee of their 
 worth. Prof. Wiegand is the organist for the Jewish Synagogue and of 
 the well known Choir of St. Paul's Church. He is the leader of the 
 Schuetzen Band, and is a composer of acknowledged merit. On any 
 occasion or at any public concert requiring the finest musical talent, 
 Professor Wiegand always has the first place. 
 
 WILLIAMS, C. A. & CO., 295 Broad, carry on one of the 
 oldest and finest meat businesses in the South. They rank among the 
 best of our merchants, and their stock of bacon is always of the best 
 and freshest, being in direct communication wdth their Chicago branch 
 house. They deal in bellies particularly, and are standards in lard 
 and general produce quotations. Captain T. J. Bostick, junior member 
 of the firm, is one of our best and safest business men and public 
 spirited citizens. 
 
 WILSON, R. J. 
 
 The Comptroller-General of the State has frequently had occasion to 
 compliment Colonel Wilson, who has been Receiver of Tax Re- 
 turns of Richmond County for a number of years, upon his promptness 
 and efficiency. And, indeed no County in the State can boast a better 
 officer than Colonel Wilson. His digests are made up promptly, and 
 accurately, and his courtesy is known to ever3'bod)\ He lost an arm 
 in the cause of the South, and was noted as a gallant officer. His oflice 
 is on Law Range, on Mcintosh street. 
 
 WINGFIED, T. T., Hardware, 321 Broad. 
 
 WINKLER, GEO. H., Dentist, office 217 Broad. 
 
 Dr. Winkler is one of the best known dentist in Augusta. He is not 
 only popular with all our people, but has a reputation among the lead- 
 ing dentists of the State ; and has made several inventions in his pro- 
 fession which rank him as distinguished, and the use of which will 
 ■ greatly assist in the advancement of dental science. He has patented 
 an automatic syphon for dental and other purposes, and he is improving 
 another invention, for wliich a caveat has already been taken, which 
 wall be sent to the patent office at an early day. This is called a dental 
 
Representative Business Men and Houses. 123 
 
 engine, and will be of great use and importance in dentistry. Together 
 with Dr. Curtis, he has invented a composition filling, which is far su- 
 perior to anj'thing now used by dentists, as it will stand acids and alkali 
 when the composition is destroyed. Dr. Winkler's inventive genius 
 mark him as one who will greatly advance the importance and interest 
 of the profession, while his practice in Augusta, since early in 1871, 
 has rendered him a favorite. 
 
 WOLFE, H. M., Dry Goods, 187 Broad. . 
 
 WOODS, M., Grocer, 54 Jackson. 
 
 W^RIGHT & CRANE, No. 7 Warren Block. 
 
 These gentlemen are worthy successors of the well known old firm of 
 Claghorn, Herring & Co. and bid fair to fill the footsteps of their 
 predecessors. They conduct the cotton commission business in all its 
 branches, and are agents for the celebrated giant guano. 
 
 Y 
 
 OUNG & HACK, Grocers, 296 Broad. 
 Capt. W. B. Young and Mr. D. B. Hack constitute this firm, which 
 does a large trade both in the city and with the adjacent country in 
 Georgia and South Carolina. Capt. Young represents the Third Ward 
 in the City Council, is Chairman of the Finance Committee of that 
 body and one of its most active and useful members. His name has 
 been prominently mentioned in connection with the Mayoralty at the 
 election in 1879. Mr. Hack is proprietor of the Richmond Factory, a 
 self-made man, and one of the most influential men in the country. 
 
 INN, Mrs. R. C, 139 Broad, residence same. 
 'Mrs. Zinn is one of the familiar and household words in Augusta, and 
 during the holiday seasons her store is a general re.sort for children and 
 everybody who wants the best and cheapest goods. A large and varied 
 stock of toys and interesting articles of use and amusement is always 
 on hand, and everybody who wants bargains for Christmas and all the 
 year round, visits Mrs. Zinn's shop. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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