E475 ^ 
 
 .55 ' 
 
 LINCOLN 
 
 AT 
 
 PETTYSBURG 
 
cr 
 
 4-' 
 
 'J\C 
 
PUBLISHED 
 
 IN CONNECTION AVITH 
 
 THE EXHIBITION 
 
 OF THE HISTORICAL PAINTING OF 
 
 LINCOLN AT GETTYSBURG, 
 
 BY 
 
 ALBION H. BICKNELL, 
 
 Conta'uxing ^iatni^-oxu l^ife-^ije portraits : 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, 
 John A. Andrew, 
 Bsnj. F. Butler, 
 Salmon P. Chase, 
 Frederick Douglass, 
 Edward Everett, 
 Wm, P. Fessenden, 
 
 U. S. Grant, 
 Horace Greeley, 
 Hannibal Hamlin, 
 Oliver 0. Howard, 
 Andrew Johnson, 
 Geo. B. McClellan, 
 George G. Meade, 
 
 Oliver P. Morton, 
 Charles Sumner, 
 Edwin M. Stanton, 
 Horatio Seymour, 
 William H. Seward, 
 Gideon Welles, 
 Henry Wilson, 
 
 DOLL & RICHARDS^ 
 
 No. 2 Park Street, Boston. 
 
 COPYRIGHT. 
 
 1879. 
 
TT is proposed to publish a fine steel-plate engrav- 
 ing of " Lincoln at Gettysburg," and arrange- 
 ments have been made whereby the work is under way, 
 and will be completed, it is expected, in 1881. The 
 plate, exclusive of margin, will be 24 x 39^ inches in 
 size, and will be executed in the best manner in line 
 and stipple. No pains will be spared to make it the 
 leading American engraving of an American subject 
 by an American painter. 
 
 There will be four grades, viz. ; — 
 
 Artist's Proof . . . . $30" 00 
 
 * Autograph Proof . . . • 20 00 
 
 India Print . . . . 15 oo 
 
 Print 10 00 
 
 * * Your subscription is respectfully solicited. 
 
 Doll & Richards. 
 
 * The autograph proof will include fac-similes of the signatures of all 
 represented in the picture. 
 
LINCOLN AT GETTYSBURG. 
 
 jN the 19th of November, 1863, a little 
 over four months after the tide of war 
 had been turned at Gettysburg, and 
 the civil strife had received its death-blow on 
 Northern ground, a great and peaceful throng 
 gathered on the field, from which the blood- 
 stains had hardly been washed, to dedicate a 
 national cemetery for the loyal men who had 
 there given up their lives for their country. 
 
 The idea of a military cemetery at Gettys- 
 burg was probably first broached in public by 
 Mayor F. W. Lincoln, of Boston, who, on 
 July 23d, twenty days after the battle, sent a 
 special message to the city council, recom- 
 mending that action be taken towards the 
 purchase of ground on the battle-field and 
 adjoining the rural cemetery of Gettysburg, 
 as a burial-place for the Massachusetts dead. 
 
4 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 This idea speedily developed into a project 
 for a national cemetery, and on Nov. 19th the 
 ground was dedicated, the invitation to the 
 ceremonies being extended by Gov. Curtin, 
 of Pennsylvania, seconded by the governors 
 of eighteen other States. 
 
 The mild, Indian-summer day witnessed one 
 of the most notable gatherings ever assembled 
 in the United States, and the artist has availed 
 himself of the opportunity presented by the 
 occasion to group around the grand central 
 figure of Abraham Lincoln some of the most 
 prominent of the statesmen and soldiers of 
 the war period, — the Cabinet ministers Sew- 
 ard, Stanton, Welles, and Chase ; Vice-Presi- 
 dent Hamlin ; the war-governors Andrew of 
 Massachusetts, Seymour of New York, Mor- 
 ton of Indiana, and Johnson of Tennessee ; 
 the statesmen Everett, Sumner, Fessenden, 
 Wilson, and Greeley ; Frederick Douglass, 
 representing the race made free in the strug- 
 gle ; and the generals Grant, Meade, McClel- 
 lan, Howard, and Butler. It would be difficult 
 to select twenty-one men more representative 
 
Lincoln at Gettysburg. 5 
 
 of the elements, both miUtary and civil, united 
 in defence of the Union. 
 
 It is worth while to note the relations in 
 which some of these men afterwards . stood 
 towards each other. McClellan was the op- 
 ponent of Lincoln in the presidential cam- 
 paign of 1864, and we behold Gen. Grant, 
 together with the opposition candidates for 
 the Presidency both of 1868 and 1872, — Sey- 
 mour and Greeley. Andrew Johnson is here, 
 with many of the men who subsequently be- 
 came his bitterest political enemies. In the 
 picture are three Presidents, — Lincoln, John- 
 son, and Grant ; and three Vice-Presidents, — 
 Hamlin, Johnson, and Wilson. 
 
 The moment represented is just at the close 
 of Everett's oration, Lincoln having arisen 
 and being just about to begin that brief but 
 famous dedicatory address, which, for concise- 
 ness, force, 'and simple eloquence, is regarded 
 as one of the masterpieces of oratory. 
 
LINCOLN'S ADDRESS. 
 
 FELLOW-CITIZENS : Fourscore and 
 seven years ago our fathers brought 
 forth upon this continent a new 
 nation, conceived in Hberty and dedicated 
 to the proposition that all men are created 
 equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil 
 war, testing the question whether the nation, 
 or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, 
 can long endure. We are met on a great 
 battle-field of that war. We are met to dedi- 
 cate a portion of that field as a final resting- 
 place of those who here gave their lives that 
 that nation might live. It is already fitting 
 and proper that we should do this. But in a 
 larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot 
 consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. 
 The brave men, living and dead, who strug- 
 gled here, have consecrated it far above our 
 
Lincoln s Address. y 
 
 poor power to add or detract. The world will 
 little note nor long remember what we say 
 here, but it can never forget what they did 
 here. It is for us rather to be dedicated here 
 to the unfinished work -that they who fought 
 here have thus far so nobly carried forward. 
 It is rather for us here to be dedicated to the 
 great task remaining before us ; that from 
 these honored dead we take increased devo- 
 tion for that cause which they defended with 
 their lives; that we here highly resolve that 
 these dead shall not have died in vain; that 
 this nation, under God, shall have a new birth 
 of freedom, and thatci^e government from the 
 people, for the people, and by the people, shall 
 not perish from the earth. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 
 BRAHAM LINCOLN was bom in a 
 part of Hardin County, now included 
 in Lerue County, Kentucky, Feb. 12th, 
 1809. In 1 8 16 his parents removed to what 
 is now Spencer County, Indiana, where he 
 spent ten years in hard farm-work. His 
 entire school-training amounted to about one 
 year. In 1830 he removed with his father to 
 Macon Cdunty, Illinois. He helped in build- 
 ing a flat-boat, and went to New Orleans on it, 
 whither he had already made one voyage. 
 On his return he became clerk in a store at 
 New Salem, Illinois. He joined a volunteer 
 company in the Black Hawk war, and was 
 elected captain, served three months, returned, 
 was nominated as Whig candidate for the 
 
Biographical Sketches. 9' 
 
 Legislature, but was defeated, although his 
 own precinct gave him two hundred and 
 seventy-seven votes to seven against him. 
 He was appointed postmaster of New Salem, 
 and at the same time began to study law. 
 He also did some work at surveying. In 
 1834 he was elected to the Legislature, and 
 was re-elected in 1836, 1838, and 1840. He 
 began to practise law in 1836, and removed 
 to Springfield in April, 1837, where he entered 
 into partnership with Major John F. Stuart, 
 and soon became eminent in his profession. 
 In 1844 he canvassed the State for Henry 
 Clay, and in 1846 he was elected a represent- 
 ative in Congress, taking his seat in Decem- 
 ber, 1847, where he stood on the anti-slavery 
 side, and opposed the annexation of Texas. 
 At the Whig National Convention, in 1848, 
 he advocated the nomination of Gen. Taylor. 
 At the Republican Convention, in 1856, his 
 nomination for the Vice-Presidency was vainly 
 urged by the Illinois delegation. In June, 
 1858, he was unanimously nominated by the 
 Republican State Convention as candidate for 
 
10 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 the United States Senate, in opposition to 
 Stephen A. Douglas, and the two stumped 
 the State in company. The general verdict 
 was that Lincoln was the master in argu- 
 ment, and on the popular vote he had a 
 plurality of over 4,000, but the Democrats 
 had a majority of eight votes in the Legis- 
 lature, and Douglas was re-elected. On May 
 1 8th, i860, he was nominated for President by 
 the Republican National Convention at Chi- 
 cago, with Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President, 
 and was elected in the following November. 
 In consequence of this result the Southern 
 States seceded, and on April 8th, 1861, a 
 little over a month after his inauguration as 
 President, the civil war actually began with 
 the attack on Fort Sumter. To tell the story 
 of Lincoln's wise administration during the 
 most critical period of the nation's history, 
 pages would have to be devoted to the recital 
 of events with which nearly everybody is 
 familiar. The Proclamation of Emancipation, 
 giving freedom tQ^all slaves in the Confederate 
 States after Jan. ist, 1863'P'was issued on Sept, 
 1 
 
Biogi'apJiical Sketches, ii 
 
 22d, 1862, five days after the battle of Antie- 
 tam. Lincoln was renominated by the Re- 
 publican National Convention in Baltimore on 
 June 8th, 1 864, with Andrew Johnson for Vice- 
 President, and they were triumphantly elected. 
 The tide had long been turned in favor of the 
 North, and the speedy success of the Union 
 arms was assured. Only five days after the 
 surrender of Gen. Lee had substantially ended 
 the war, and all the loyal States were filled 
 with rejoicing, President Lincoln fell a martyr 
 to the cause he had guided to victory. On 
 the evening of April 14th he was assassinated 
 in Ford's Theatre, Washington, by the actor, 
 J. Wilkes Booth, and he died the next morn- 
 ing. The news caused the most intense and 
 sincere manifestations of popular sorrow which 
 the country had- ever known. His body was 
 buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery, near Spring- 
 field, Illinois, where his grave is now marked 
 by an elaborate monument, dedicated on Oct. 
 15th, 1874. 
 
12 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 JOHN ALBION ANDREW. 
 
 John Albion Andrew, the '' war governor 
 of Massachusetts," was born in Windham, 
 Maine, May 31st, 1818. He graduated at Bow- 
 doin College in 1837, went to study law in 
 Boston, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. 
 Pie was particularly active in the defence of 
 fugitive slaves, and was early identified with 
 the anti-slavery party. In 1858 he was elected 
 to the State Leg^islature from Boston, and in 
 i860 he was chosen governor of Massachu- 
 setts by an immense popular vote. Foresee- 
 ing the civil war, he had the militia placed 
 on such a footing that within a week after the 
 President's call for troops, five infantry regi- 
 ments, a battalion of riflemen, and a battery 
 of artillery had been despatched to the seat 
 of war. He served as governor through the 
 war, and his services were invaluable to the 
 Union cause. He prepared the address to the 
 President, adopted by the conference of gov- 
 ernors of the loyal States, held in Altoona, 
 
Biographical Sketches. 13 
 
 Penn., in September, 1862. In 1865 he de- 
 clined a fifth re-election, and resumed the 
 practice of law. He died in Boston, on Oct. 
 30th, 1S67. It was felt that a great statesman 
 had been lost, to whom, had he lived, almost 
 any position in the land would have stood 
 open. A statue of Gov. Andrew has been 
 placed in the Doric Hall of the State House 
 in Boston, and another marks his grave in the 
 cemetery at Hinghara, Mass. 
 
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BUTLER. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin Butler was born in 
 Deerfield, N. H., Nov. 5th, 181 8. He graduated 
 at Waterville College, Maine, in 1838, and, 
 three years after, began his legal career at 
 Lowell, Mass. He entered into politics as a 
 Democrat, was elected as a representative to 
 the State Legislature in 1853, and as State 
 senator in 1859. In i860 he was a prominent 
 member of the Democratic National Conven- 
 tion at Charleston, and, in the same year, 
 
14 Lincoln at Getty sbnrg. 
 
 was the candidate of his party for governor of 
 Massachusetts. When the war broke out, he 
 was brigadier-general of miUtia, and he im- 
 mediately took an active part. While in 
 command of Fortress Monroe, he refused to 
 deliver up some fugitive slaves on the ground 
 that they were *' contraband of war," — a phrase 
 which made the expression " contraband " a 
 familiar one for escaped slaves. He captured 
 Forts Hatteras and Clark, on the North Caro- 
 lina coast, in August, 1861, and then returned 
 to Massachusetts to recruit an expedition for 
 the Gulf of Mexico. The fleet under Farra- 
 gut having opened the way,jGen. Butler took 
 possession of New Orleans on May ist, and 
 ruled it with an iron hand until November, 
 when he was recalled. Towards the end of 
 1863, he was placed in charge of the depart- 
 ment of Virginia and North Carolina, after- 
 wards called the Army of the James. He 
 made an unsuccessful attack on Petersburg 
 while Gen. Grant was marching on Richmond, 
 and in December, 1864, he was repulsed in 
 an attempt to take Fort Fisher, off Wiiming- 
 
BiograpJiical Sketches. 15 
 
 ton, N. C. In 1866 he was elected to Con- 
 gress by the RepubHcans, and was re-elected 
 in 1868, 1870, and 1872 ; and in 1868 was the 
 most prominent of the managers appointed by 
 the House of Representatives to prosecute 
 the impeachment of President Johnson. In 
 1 87 1 and 1873 he made bold but unsuccess- 
 ful attempts to obtain the Republican nomi- 
 nation for governor of Massachusetts. In 
 1874 he was again the Republican congres- 
 sional candidate from the Essex district, but 
 was defeated. In 1876 he was elected from 
 the Middlesex district. In 1878 he left the 
 Republican party, and obtained the nomina- 
 tion for governor from a majority of the Dem- 
 ocratic Convention, but was defeated at the 
 polls. 
 
 SALMON PORTLAND CHASE. : 
 
 •J 
 
 Salmon Portl'and Chase was born in 
 Cornish, New Hampshire, Jan. 13th, 1808. ] 
 When twelve years old he went to live with • 
 his uncle. Philander Chase, in Worthington, : 
 
1 6 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 Ohio. After a year at Cincinnati College, he 
 returned to his mother's home in Keene, New 
 Hampshire, and in 1824 he entered the Junior 
 Class of Dartmouth College, where he gradu- 
 ated in 1826. He shortly after started a 
 school for boys in Washington, meanwhile 
 studying law. In 1829 he was admitted to 
 the bar of the District of Columbia. In 1830 
 he returned to Cincinnati, where he soon gained 
 a high reputation in his profession. In 1837 
 he defended a colored woman claimed as a 
 fugitive slave, and thenceforward was promi- 
 nent in the anti-slavery movement. In 1841 
 he was one of the principal originators of the 
 Liberty party in Ohio, and he wrote the ad- 
 dress to the people issued by the convention 
 which organized the party. In August, 1 848, he 
 presided over the Buffalo Free-Territory Con- 
 vention which nominated Martin Van Buren 
 
 for President and Charles Francis Adams for 
 
 * 
 Vice-President, In 1849 ^^ ^^^^ chosen United 
 
 States senator from Ohio. In 1852, when the 
 
 Democratic party abandoned its opposition to 
 
 slavery, Mr. Chase withdrew from it. He was 
 
Biographical Sketches. ly 
 
 elected governor of Ohio, in 1855, by the op- 
 ponents of the Pierce administration. In 1856 
 he was a prominent candidate for the Republi- 
 can nomination for the Presidency. In 1857 
 he was re-elected governor of Ohio. In the 
 Republican presidential convention of i860, 
 Mr. Chase was one of the prominent candi' 
 dates for the nomination. In i86r he was 
 appointed Secretary of the Treasury, and held 
 the office until July 30th, 1864. when he re- 
 signed. The financial policy of the war period 
 was mainly his work, including, as it did, the 
 issue of greenbacks and of coupon bonds, and 
 the national banking system. In October, 
 1864, Mr. Chase was appointed successor of 
 Chief Justice Taney. In March, 1868, he 
 presided at the impeachment trial of President 
 Johnson. Having become dissatisfied with 
 the course of the Republican party, he was 
 proposed as a candidate for the Democratic 
 presidential nomination in the same year, and 
 he also acted with the Democratic party in the 
 campaign of 1872. He died in New York on 
 May 7th, 1873. 
 
1 8 Lincoln at Gettysburg, 
 
 FREDERICK DOUGLASS. 
 
 Frederick Douglass was born a slave at 
 Tuckahoe, Talbot County, Maryland, about 
 1817. His father was a white man, and his 
 mother a negro slave on the plantation of Co!. 
 Edward Lloyd, where he lived until he was 
 ten years old, when he was sent to a relative 
 of his master in Baltimore. Here he secretly 
 taught himself to read and write. He ran 
 away from slavery on Sept. 3d, 1838, and went 
 to New Bedford, where he lived for three 
 years, marrying in the mean while and sup- 
 porting himself by day labor. In 1841 he 
 made a speech at an anti-slavery convention 
 in Nantucket, and thereupon was offered the 
 agency of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery 
 Society, which he accepted. He spent four 
 years lecturing in New England, and in 1845 
 published his Autobiography. In the same year 
 he went to Europe and lectured on slavery 
 throughout Great Britain, being enthusiasti- 
 cally received. In 1846 his English friends 
 
Biographical SketcJies. 19 
 
 raised ;£r50 that he might purchase his free- 
 dom in regular form. *In 1847 he returned 
 and began the pubUcation of a weekly paper 
 in Rochester, New York, which he continued 
 for several years. In 1859, on account of a 
 requisition from the governor of Virginia be- 
 cause of his suspected connection with the 
 John Brown affair, he fled from Michigan, 
 where he was at the time, to England. After 
 a few months he returned to Rochester and 
 continued his paper. When the war broke 
 out he urged immediate proclamation of eman- 
 cipation and the employment of colored troops, 
 and in 1863, when such action was finally de- 
 termined on, he was active in organizing 
 colored regiments. In 1S71 he was secretary 
 of the San Domingo Commission, and on his 
 return he was appointed a member of the ter- 
 ritorial council of the District of Columbia by 
 President Grant. In 1872 he was chosen a 
 presidential elector at large by the State of 
 New York. In 1877 President Hayes ap- 
 pointed him Marshal of the District of Colum- 
 bia, which oflice he now holds. 
 
20 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 EDWARD EVERETT. 
 
 Edward Everett was born in Dorchester 
 (now part of Boston), Mass., April nth, 1794. 
 He graduated from Harvard College at the 
 age of seventeen, and in 18 13 became pastor 
 of the old Brattle Street Church, in Boston. 
 In 1 8 14 he was made professor of Greek at 
 Harvard College. He travelled and studied 
 in Europe until 18 19, when he assumed the 
 duties of his professorship, and also became 
 editor of the " North American Review." In 
 1824 he was elected a representative to Con- 
 gress, where he served for ten successive 
 years. In 1835 he was chosen governor of 
 Massachusetts, and held the office for four 
 years, but in 1839 he was defeated by a major- 
 ity of one vote. In 1840 he was appointed 
 minister to England by President Harrison, 
 Daniel Webster being Secretary of State at 
 the same time. He was largely instrumental 
 in the negotiation of the Webster-Ashburton 
 Treaty, which settled a number of troublesome 
 
I 
 
 Biographical Sketches. 21 
 
 questions between England and the United 
 States. In 1845 he was chosen president of 
 Harvard University, but after a term of three 
 years, was compelled by ill health to resign. 
 On the death of Webster, in October, 1852, he 
 was appointed Secretary of State, .and held 
 the office during the last four months of Presi- 
 dent Fillmore's administration. In the mean 
 while he was elected United States senator 
 from Massachusetts, and was prominent in 
 his opposition to the " Kansas-Nebraska Bill" 
 for the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. 
 In 1854 he resigned his seat on account of 
 ill health, and, after a few months, he took an 
 active part in the movement for the purchase 
 of Mount Vernon by private subscription, 
 raising by his speeches, writings, and indi- 
 vidual efforts over ^100,000. In i860 he was 
 candidate for Vice-President on the " Union " 
 Bell and Everett ticket. During the civil 
 war he took a patriotic part, and at the conse- 
 cration of the Gettysburg cemetery he deliv- 
 ered the oration. In 1864, at the election 
 of Lincoln and Johnson, his name headed the 
 
22 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 Massachusetts electoral ticket. On Jan. 9th, 
 1865, he delivered an address in Faneuil Hall, 
 Boston, in aid of the movement for sending 
 food to the Savannah sufferers. This was his 
 last public appearance, and he died on the 
 following Sunday, Jan. 15 th. 
 
 WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN. 
 
 William Pitt P'essenden was known as 
 Maine's great senator, and belonged to the 
 same political generation as Sumner, Wilson, 
 Seward, and Chase. He was born in Bos- 
 cawen, N. H., Oct. i6th, 1806 ; attended Bow- 
 doin College, where he graduated in 1823 ; 
 remained in Maine, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1 827, settling at Bridgeton. He removed 
 to Portland in 1829, and soon became promi- 
 nent in politics, as well as in law. He was a 
 member of the Whig party, and was elected 
 to the State Legislature in 1832 and 1840. 
 From 1 84 1 to 1843 he was a representative in 
 Congress. In 1845-6 and 1853-4 he was 
 
Biographical Sketches. 23 
 
 again in the Legislature, and in the latter year 
 he was chosen a United States senator, by a 
 union of Whigs and Free-Soil Democrats. 
 With but a short interruption he remained 
 senator until his death. Thg movement which 
 brought about his election was the beginning 
 of the agitation which led to the formation of 
 the Republican party in Maine, and Mr. Fes- 
 senden was one of its chief organizers. He 
 was a member of the " Peace Congress " in 
 1 86 1. In 1864 he succeeded Mr. Chase as 
 Secretary of the Treasury, but he resigned in 
 1865, and resumed his place in the Senate, 
 where he was very prominent in financial and 
 national questions. He was chairman of the 
 Special Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 
 and was author of its report recommending an 
 amendment of the Constitution. When Pres- 
 ident Johnson was impeached, he was one of 
 the few Republican senators who voted for 
 his acquittal. He died in Portland, Sept. 8th, 
 1869. 
 
24 Lmcoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 ULYSSES SIDNEY GRANT. 
 
 Ulysses Sidney Grant was born in Point 
 Pleasant, Ohio, April 27th, 1822. He entered 
 West Point Military Academy in 1839, grad- 
 uating in 1843. He served in the Mexican 
 war, at the end of which he was brevet-cap- 
 tain. In 1852 he went with his regiment to 
 the Pacific coast, and while there was com- 
 missioned full captain. In 1854 he resigned 
 and engaged in business in St. Louis. When 
 the war broke out he was in the leather trade 
 with his father at Galena, Illinois. He en- 
 listed as captain of volunteers, and was soon 
 promoted to be brigadier-general. He was 
 prominent, in the movement on Fort Henry, 
 and won the great victory of Fort Donelson, 
 on Feb. 15th, 1862, which gained him the title 
 of major-general of volunteers. He turned 
 defeat into victory at Pittsburg Landing, and 
 was placed in command of the department of 
 West Tennessee. He began the siege of 
 Vicksburg, May i8th, 1863, and the city sur- 
 
biographical Sketches, 25 
 
 rendered to him on July 4th, of the same year, 
 in consequence of which he received the title 
 of major-general in the regular army. Thence- 
 forth he was the great hero of the war, and a 
 gold medal was voted him by Congress. On 
 March ist, 1864, ^e was appointed lieutenant- 
 general, and he was placed in command of the 
 national army. He planned the two cam- 
 paigns, one against Richmond and the other 
 against Atlanta under Sherman. He con- 
 ducted the former himself, and after desperate 
 resistance and temporary successes on the 
 part of the rebels under Gen. Lee, he captured 
 Petersburg early in April, 1865, and on the 
 9th of the same month received the sword of 
 Lee at Appomattox Court House, the surren- 
 der practically closing the war. He was ap- 
 pointed general of the army, July 25th, 1866. 
 In August, 1867, he was appointed Secretary 
 of War ad interim during the suspension of 
 Stanton by President Johnson. He was 
 unanimously nominated for President, with 
 Schuyler Colfax for Vice-President, by the 
 Republican Convention at Chicago, May 21st, 
 
26 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 1868, and was elected by a large majority 
 over Seymour and Blair. He was re-elected 
 in 1872, with Henry Wilson as Vice-Presi- 
 dent, over Horace Greeley and B. Gratz 
 Brown. At the close of his second term in 
 I Z'j'j he went abroad, and has since been hon- 
 ored with flattering ovations in all the coun- 
 tries which he has visited. 
 
 HORACE GREELEY. 
 
 Horace Greeley was born in Amherst, 
 N. H, Feb. 3d, 181 r. He was early distin- 
 guished for a love of learning, and he read 
 everything within his reach. In 1826 he fol- 
 lowed his inclination, and became a printer, 
 entering the office of the " Northern Spectator," 
 in East Poultney,Vt., as apprentice. After em- 
 ployment in New York State and in Pennsyl- 
 vania, he went to New York City in 1831, and 
 worked as journeyman until 1833, when, in 
 partnership with Francis V. Story, he pub- 
 lished the " Morning Post." After publishing 
 various newspapers with more or less success. 
 
Biographical Sketches. 27 
 
 he started the " Daily Tribune," which soon 
 became a great power in journalism. In 1848 
 he was elected to Congress to fill a vacancy. 
 He was early a foe to slavery. He made 
 short trips to Europe in 185 1 and 1855. In 
 i860 he attended the Republican Convention 
 at Chicago, where he opposed the nomination 
 of Seward. Just before the war, he was for 
 allowing the Southern States to withdraw, 
 but after fighting had begun, was a strong 
 friend of the Union. In 1864 he was a pres- 
 idential elector. In 1867 he went bail for 
 Jefferson Davis. In 1872 he had become 
 dissatisfied with the administration, and he 
 joined the Liberal Republican movement, re- 
 ceiving the presidential nomination of that 
 party, with B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri, for 
 Vice-President. These nominations were sub- 
 sequently adopted by the Democrats at Balti- 
 more. His exertions during the campaign 
 and the disappointment of his defeat had so 
 broken his health that he died, after a brief 
 illness, on Nov. 29th, 1872. His funeral, which 
 was an imposing one, was attended by Presi- 
 
28 Lincohi at Getty sbitrg, 
 
 dent Grant, Vice-President Colfax, Vice-Presi- 
 dent-elect Wilson, and many other distin- 
 guished citizens. 
 
 HANNIBAL HAMLIN. 
 
 Hannibal Hamlin was born in Paris, Me., 
 Aug. 27th, 1809. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1833. In 1836 he was elected to the 
 Maine Legislature, and was Speaker of the 
 House of Representatives from 1837 ^o 1840, 
 In 1842 he was elected to Congress by the 
 Democrats, and was re-elected in 1844; and, 
 in 1848, he was chosen to fill a vacancy in the 
 United States Senate, and in 185 1 was re- 
 elected. He was one of the organizers of the 
 Republican party, and was elected governor 
 of Maine in 1856, but, on being re-elected 
 senator, he resigned the governorship. In 
 i860 he was elected Vice-President of the 
 United .States on the same ticket with Lin- 
 coln. In 1865 he was appointed collector of 
 the port of Boston, but he soon resigned. In 
 1869 he was again elected to the United 
 States Senate, and in 1S75 was re-elected 
 
Biographical Sketches. 29 
 
 OLIVER OTIS HOWARD. 
 
 Oliver Otis Howard was born in Leeds, 
 Maine, Nov. 8th, 1830. After graduating at 
 Bowdoin College in 1850, he entered West 
 Point, where he graduated in 1854. In 1857 
 he was appointed instructor in mathematics 
 there. In June, 1861, he resigned his com- 
 mission as lieutenant, and took command of a 
 Maine regiment. He commanded a brigade 
 at Bull Run, and was appointed brigadier- 
 general of volunteers in the following Septem- 
 ber. He lost his right arm in the battle of 
 Fair Oaks, June ist, 1862. After Antietam he 
 commanded a division of the Second Corps, 
 and at. Chancellorsville the Eleventh Corps. 
 After the death of Reynolds he commanded 
 at Gettysburg during the first day, until the 
 arrival of Gen. Hancock, and afterwards was 
 appointed major-general of volunteers. He 
 was at Lookout Valley, at Chattanooga, and 
 in the movements for the relief of Knoxville, 
 in 1863. He took command of the Army of 
 the Tennessee on July 27th, 1864. He was 
 
30 Lincoln at Getiysbnrg. 
 
 prominent in the campaign against Atlanta, 
 and commanded the right wing of Sherman's 
 army in its march to the sea. On March 13th, 
 1865, he was appointed brevet major-general 
 in the regular army, having, a short time 
 previously, been appointed brigadier-general. 
 On May 1 2th, 1865, he was made commissioner 
 of the Freedmen's Bureau, and held the office 
 until the bureau was abolished, in 1872. On 
 March 19th, i Z^J, he was appointed a trustee of 
 Howard University, became president of the 
 institution, April 6th, 1869, and resigned in 
 1873. On March 6th, 1872, he was appointed 
 special commissioner to the Indians. Gen. 
 Howard is now engaged in the operations 
 against the hostile Indians in the extreme 
 West. 
 
 ANDREW JOHNSON. 
 
 Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh',''? 
 North Carolina, Dec. 29th, 1 808. At the age of 
 ten years he was apprenticed to a tailor, and, 
 becoming extremely interested in listening to 
 
BiograpJiical Sketches, 31 
 
 a gentleman who used to visit the shop and 
 read to the journeymen, he determined to learn 
 to read, and devoted all his leisure time to 
 this object. In 1826 he went to Tennessee, 
 taking with him his mother, whom he sup- 
 ported. He settled in Greenville, where he 
 married, and learned writing and arithmetic 
 from his wife. He became interested in 
 politics, was successively elected alderman 
 and mayor of the village, and in 1835 was 
 elected to the Tennessee Legislature as a 
 Democrat. In 1839 ^^ "^^^ again elected to 
 the same place, and in 1841 to the State Sen- 
 ate. In 1843 he was elected to Congress, and 
 held his seat for ten successive years. In 
 1853 he was elected governor of Tennessee, 
 and in 1855 was re-elected. In 1857 he was 
 elected to the United States Senate, where he 
 became very prominent in his party. In the 
 presidential campaign of i860 he supported the 
 ultra Democratic ticket, — Breckenridge and 
 Lane. But when the question of secession 
 came up, he was strongly on the side of the 
 Union, and was thenceforth active in its sup- 
 
32 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 port. On March 4th, 1862, he was appointed 
 mihtary governor of Tennessee, which he 
 ruled vigorously and in a way that greatly 
 strengthened and developed the loyal senti- 
 ment in the State. On June 7th, 1864, he was 
 nominated for the Vice-Presidency of the 
 United States by the RepubUcan Convention 
 at Baltimore, and was elected, becoming Presi- 
 dent on the assassination of Lincoln. His 
 reconstruction policy was so opposed by the 
 majority Cf the Republican party that, at last, 
 he received the support of the Democrats, 
 and, after various disagreements with Con- 
 gress, on Feb. 22d, 1868, the House of Rep- 
 resentatives passed a resolution impeaching 
 the President for high crimes and misdemea- 
 nors. On May 26th, President Johnson was 
 acquitted, the vote in the Senate standing : 
 guilty, 35 ; not guilty, 19, — a two-thirds vote 
 being required for conviction. He failed of a 
 nomination by the Democratic Convention in 
 1868, and was succeeded in the Presidency by 
 Gen. Grant. In 1875 he was elected to the 
 United States Senate from Tennessee. He 
 died on July 31st of the same year. 
 
Biographical Sketches. 33 
 
 GEORGE BRINTON McCLELLAN. 
 
 George Brinton McClellan was born in 
 Philadelphia, Dec. 3cl, 1826. He studied at the 
 University of Pennsylvania and entered West 
 Point in 1842, graduating in 1846. He served 
 in the Mexican war and was promoted to the 
 rank of brevet-captain. After the war he was 
 engaged in various engineering enterprises in 
 connection with the army, and in 1855-56, 
 being captain of artillery at the time, he was a 
 member of the mihtary commission appointed 
 to visit the seat of war in the Crimea. He 
 resigned his commission June 1 6th, 1857, and 
 became chief engineer of the Illinois Central 
 Railroad. In i85o he was made president of 
 the St. Louis and Cincinnati Railroad. He 
 entered the civil war as major-general of 
 Ohio volunteers, and was appointed to the 
 same rank in the regular army May 14th, 1861. 
 He won decisive victories in West Virginia, 
 and on July 15th received the thanks of Con- 
 gress. On July 22d, the day after the defeat 
 at Bull Run, he was placed in command of the 
 
34 Lincoln at Gettysburg, 
 
 division of the Potomac, and on the retirement 
 of Gen. Scott, on Nov. ist, he was made general- 
 in-chief of the Union armies. After his de- 
 feat at Malvern Hills, July ist, i362, he was 
 superseded by Gen. Halleck, and was made 
 the successor of Gen; Pope as commander of 
 the forces in and about Washington after the 
 defeat of the latter at the second battle of 
 Bull Run. After the repulse of Lee at the 
 battle of Antietam, Gen. McClellan caused dis- 
 satisfaction by the slowness' with which he 
 pursued him, and on Nov. 7th, just as he was 
 about to make an attack, he was superseded, 
 and ordered to Trenton, New Jersey. He 
 took no further part in the war. On Aug. 31st, 
 1864, he was nominated for the Presidency by 
 the Democratic Convention at Chicago, with 
 George H. Pendleton for Vice President, but 
 was defeated. He resigned his commission in 
 the army on Nov. 8th, 1864. He shortly after- 
 wards went to Europe, whence he returned 
 in 1868 and engaged in various engineering 
 enterprises. He was elected governor of 
 New Jersey in 1878. 
 
BiograpJiical Sketches. 35 
 
 GEORGE GORDON MEADE. 
 
 George Gordon Meade was born in Cadiz, 
 Spain, Dec. 30th, 181 5, where his father was at 
 the time engaged in mercantile pursuits. He 
 graduated at West Point in 18-5, served in 
 the Florida war, and resigned from the army 
 in 1836. He then engaged in engineering, 
 and in 1842 he rejoined the army as second 
 lieutenant of topographical engineers. He 
 served with distinction in the Mexican war, 
 was brevetted first lieutenant, and on his 
 return received a sword from the citizens of 
 Philadelphia. He was made captain of engi- 
 neers in 1856, and until 1861 had charge of 
 the surveys on the Northern Lakes. He 
 went into the war in 1861 as brigadier-general 
 of Pennsylvania volunteers. He took part in 
 various battles of the Virginia campaign, and 
 was severely wounded at Frazier's Farm, on 
 June 30th, 1862. At Antietam he was slightly 
 wounded, and had two horses shot under him, 
 and in November he was made major-general. 
 On June 28th, 1863, he succeeded Gen. Hooker 
 
36 Lincoln at Getty sbiLvg, 
 
 as commander of the Army of the Potomac, 
 and on July*-ist-3d he won the grand victory 
 of Gettysburg. On the last day of the battle 
 he was made brigadier-general in the regular 
 army. From May 4th, 1864, down to the end 
 of the war, he was in command of the Army 
 of the Potomac under Gen. Grant, and was 
 made major-general in the regular army Aug. 
 1 8th, 1864. On Jan. 28th, i856, he received a 
 vote of thanks from Congress for his victory 
 at Gettysburg. He died i:i Philadelphia, 
 Nov. 6th, 1872, and after his death a fund of 
 ;^ 100,000 was subscribed for his family. 
 
 OLIVER PERRY MORTON. 
 
 Oliver Perry Morton was born in Wayne 
 County, Indiana, Aug. 4th, 1823 ; graduated at 
 the Miami University, and began the practice 
 of law in 1847. He soon became active in 
 politics, so that in 1852 he was elected a cir- 
 cuit judge. He was a member of the Repub- 
 lican party from the start, and was nominated 
 for governor of Indiana in 1856, but was de- 
 
Biographical Sketches. 3^ 
 
 feated. In i860 he was elected lieutenant- 
 governor; and in 1861, on the election of 
 Governor Lane to the United States Senate, 
 he became governor, and held the office 
 through the war, being elected for a second 
 term in 1864. In 1865, having been stricken 
 with paralysis, he visited Europe in search of 
 health, but returned in the following year and 
 resumed the governorship. In June, 1866, 
 although so ill that he was obliged to keep 
 seated in his chair, he delivered a powerful 
 speech, which was received with great en- 
 thusiasm, and of which over a million copies 
 were printed. In January, 1867, he was 
 elected to the United States Senate. In 
 1870 he declined the mission to England 
 proffered him by President Grant, and in 
 1873 he was re-elected to the Senate. He 
 belonged to the radical wing of the Re- 
 publican party, but after the inauguration 
 of President Hayes he warmly supported 
 the President's policy. He had been in deli- 
 cate health for years, but his naturally robust 
 constitution and remarkable mental vigor en- 
 
38 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 abled him to rise above these obstacles and 
 exert a powerful political influence. But his 
 health broke entirely down in the autumn of 
 1877, and after a painful illness he died in 
 Indianapolis on Nov. ist. President Hayes, 
 who was his warm personal friend, visited his 
 bedside shortly before his death. 
 
 CHARLES SUMNER. 
 
 Charles Sumner was born in Boston, Jan. 
 6th, 181 1. He studied at the Latin School, 
 and graduated at Harvard College in 1830. 
 Being admitted to the bar, he was soon ap- 
 pointed reporter of the United Slates Circuit 
 Court, and rapidly gained a brilliant reputa- 
 tion, especially *as an authority on constitu- 
 tional law and the law of nations. He went 
 abroad in 1837, and remained three years, 
 enjoying extraordinary social honors. He took 
 no active part in politics until 1845, when, on 
 the Fourth of July, he delivered a lecture on 
 " The True Grandeur of Nations," denouncing 
 war, and advocating the settlement of interna- 
 
Biographical Sketches, 39 
 
 tional disputes by arbitration. He then ear- 
 nestly opposed the annexation of Texas, and 
 took a strong anti-slavery stand. On April 
 24th, 185 1, he was elected to the United States 
 Senate, and retained his seat until his death. 
 His first great speech was on the unconstitu- 
 tionality of the Fugitive Slave Act. On May 
 19th and 20th, 1856, he delivered a great 
 speech on " The Crime against Kansas," which 
 so enraged Preston S. Brooks, a representative 
 from South Carolina, that on May 22d he at- 
 tacked Mr. Sumner in his seat, beating him 
 on the head with a gutta-percha cane, until he 
 fell insensible to the floor. His injuries were 
 so severe that he did not fully recover for 
 several years. In January, 1857, he was re- 
 elected almost unanimously, there being only 
 seven negative votes in the lower House and 
 none in the Senate. He made two trips 
 abroad for his health, in 1857 and 1858. In 
 the campaign of i860, he spoke several times 
 in favor of Lincoln and Hamlin and during 
 the war ; he steadily opposed all compromise 
 with slavery, advocating emancipation as the 
 best way to bring the conflict to an end. As 
 
40 Lincoln at Gcttysbin'g. 
 
 chairman of the Committee on Foreign Rela- 
 tions, he had an important influence in keep- 
 ing the country out of foreign comphcations. 
 In April, 1 869, his speech on our claims against 
 Great Britain caused great excitement in Eng- 
 land, where active preparations for war were 
 immediately begun in consequence. His 
 opposition to the San Domingo Treaty led to 
 a breach with President Grant, and finally 
 to his separation from the Republican party 
 and his support of Horace Greeley, with the 
 Liberal Republicans and Democrats, in the 
 campaign of 1872. In September of that year 
 he was nominated governor of Massachusetts 
 by the Democrats and Liberal Republicans, 
 after he had sailed for Europe, but he declined 
 as soon as he heard the news. The Legis- 
 lature of Massachusetts passed a vote of cen- 
 sure on him for a resolution which he intro- 
 duced in Congress, for the removal from the 
 regimental colors and the army register of the 
 names of battles in the civil war. The vote 
 was rescinded in 1874, shortly before his 
 death, which took place in Washington on 
 March nth. 
 
Biographical Sketches. 41 
 
 EDWIN McMASTERS STANTON. 
 
 Edwin McMasters Stanton was born in 
 Steuben ville, O., Dec. 19th, 1814. He studied 
 two years at Kenyon College, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1836. In 1847 he removed 
 to Pittsburg, Penn., and gained such a large 
 practice in the Supreme Court of the United 
 States that he removed to Washington in 
 1856. In 1858 he w^ent to California as gov- 
 ernment counsel in important land cases. In 
 December, i860, he became attorney-general 
 of the United States, and served through the 
 rest of President Buchanan's term. In Janu- 
 ary, 1862, he was appointed Secretary of War, 
 in which position he instituted some of the 
 most important measures of the war. He 
 continued Secretary under -President Johnson ; 
 but his opposition to the President's policy 
 led to various difficulties, and in August, 1867, 
 his resignation was requested. The Tenure- 
 of-0*ffice Act had taken away the President's 
 power of removal, and Mr. Stanton refused, 
 but he gave way under protest to Gen. Grant 
 as Secretary ad interim. He was reinstated 
 
42 * Lincoln at Getty sbitrg. 
 
 by the Senate in January, 1868 ; and the diffi- 
 culties with the President continuinsf, the lat- 
 ter was impeached. Mr. Stanton resigned 
 when the President was acquitted, May 26th, 
 and received a vote of thanks from Congress. 
 He resumed his law practice, and on Dec. 20th, 
 1869, was appointed by President Grant an 
 associate justice of the United States Supreme 
 Court, but his health had been so destroyed 
 by his duties as Secretary that he died on 
 Dec. ■ 27th, before his commission had been 
 made out. 
 
 HORATIO SEYMOUR. 
 
 Horatio Seymour was born in Pompey, 
 New York, May 3 ist, 18 10. He studied at va- 
 rious private schools, adopted the legal pro- 
 fession, and was admitted to the bar in 1832, 
 but in consequence of his falling heir to his 
 father's large estate, he soon withdrew from 
 practice. From 1833 to 1839 ^'^^ served on 
 Gov. Marcy's military staff, and in 1841 he 
 was elected by the Democrats to the State 
 Assembly, was three times re-elected, and was 
 chosen Speaker in 1845. In 1850 he was de- 
 
Biographical Sketches. 43 
 
 feated as the Democratic candidate for gov- 
 ernor, but was elected in 1852. In 1854 l^e 
 was renominated and defeated. In 1862 he 
 was elected as a Union Democrat. He was 
 in New York City when the draft riots took 
 place in July, and took active measures for 
 their suppression. In 1864, in a message to 
 the Legislature, he advocated the payment of 
 the interest on the State bonds in gold, but 
 his policy was not adopted, and in conse- 
 quence the bonds depreciated. In August he 
 presided over the Democratic National Con- 
 vention at Chicago, which nominated Gen. 
 McClellan as President. He was nominated 
 for the Presidency by the Democrats in 1868, 
 with Francis P. Blair for Vice-President, but 
 was defeated by Gen. Grant. 
 
 WILLIAM HENRY SEWARD. 
 
 William Henry Seward was born in 
 Florida, New York, May 16th, 1801 ; gradu- 
 ated at Union College in 1820, and in 1822 
 began the practice of law in Auburn, where, 
 in 1824, he entered into politics in opposition 
 
44 Lincoln at Gxttysbiti'g. 
 
 to the Democratic party. In 1828 he favored 
 the re-election of President John Oaincy 
 Adams, and declined a renomination for Con- 
 gress. In 1830 he was elected a State sena- 
 tor on an anti-masonic ticket, and in 1833 he 
 made a short European trip. In 1834 he was 
 the Whig candidate for governor, but was de- 
 feated ; in 1838 he was elected by a majority 
 of 10,000. His administration was character- 
 ized by various judicial, political, and educa- 
 tional reforms. He was re-elected in 1840. 
 In 1 849 he was elected United States senator, 
 and became the leader of the administration 
 party, taking strong ground in opposition to 
 slavery. He was re-elected in 1855. In 1859 
 he went abroad again, and on his return, in 
 i860, he was a prominent candidate for the 
 Republican presidential nomination, receiving 
 the largest number of votes on the first ballot. 
 He was made Secretary of State by President 
 Lincoln, and by his diplomatic administration 
 of foreign affairs during the war, he kept the 
 country out of serious complications with 
 other nations. While confined to his bed 
 by the serious consequences of a runaway 
 
Biographical Sketches. 45 
 
 accident, on the night of Lincobi's assassi- 
 nation, April 14th, 1865, he was attacked and 
 wounded by one of the conspirators, who also 
 severely wounded Frederick W. Seward, as he 
 came to his father's rescue. He continued in 
 office under President Johnson, and became 
 unpopular by his support of the President's 
 reconstruction policy. He retired in 1869, 
 and visited the Pacific slope, including Alaska, 
 which had been purchased largely through his 
 exertions. In 1870 he set out on a tour 
 around the world, which lasted over a year. 
 He was everywhere received with the highest 
 honors. He died at his home in Auburn, 
 Oct. loth, 1872. 
 
 GIDEON WELLES. 
 
 Gideon Welles was born in Glastenbury, 
 Ct , July 1st, 1802. He was educated at the 
 Norwich University, and afterwards studied 
 law. In 1826 he became editor and proprietor 
 of the '' Hartford Times," a Democratic news- 
 paper, in the columns of which he advocated 
 the election of Jackson as President. From 
 
46 Lincoln at Gettysburg 
 
 1827 to 1835 he was a member of the Connec- 
 ticut Legislature. In 1836 he was appointed 
 postmaster of Hartford by President Jackson, 
 and kept the office until 1841. In 1842 he 
 was made comptroller of the State. From 
 1846 to 1849 he was chief of one of the 
 bureaus in the Navy Department at Washing- 
 ton. He opposed the movements for the 
 extension of slavery, and was a member of 
 the Republican party from its organization. 
 At the Republican National Convention at 
 Chicago in i860, he was chairman of the 
 Connecticut delegation, and, on the inaugura- 
 tion of President Lincoln, was appointed Sec- 
 retary of the Navy. He was at the head of 
 that department throughout the v/ar, the most 
 important period in its history, and remained 
 until the expiration of President Johnson's 
 term in 1869. He died in Hartford, on Feb. 
 nth, 1878. 
 
 HENRY WILSON. 
 
 Henry Wilson was born in Farmington, 
 New Hampshire, Feb. i6th, 18 12. He was 
 
Biographical Sketches. 47 
 
 originally named Jeremiah J'ones Colbath, but 
 he had his name changed when he was seven- 
 teen years old. When he was ten years old 
 he was apprenticed to a farmer, with whom he 
 remained until he was twenty-one, receiving 
 about one year's schooling during the time, 
 although he had read nearly one thousand 
 volumes. When he became of age he walked 
 to Natick, Massachusetts, where he worked at 
 shoemaking two years. He then returned to 
 New Hampshire, and studied at the academies 
 of Stafford, Wolfeborough, and Concord. In 
 1838 he returned to the shoemaker's bench at 
 Natick. He becam.e interested in politics, 
 and in 1840 he took the stump for Gen. Har- 
 rison. In the next five years he was- three 
 times elected representative to the Legisla- 
 ture and twice State senator. In 1845 he 
 v/as sent to Washington with the poet Whit- 
 tier to carry the great anti-slavery petition 
 from Massachusetts against the annexation of 
 Texas. In 1848 he left the Whigs, and was 
 prominent in organizing the Free-Soil party. 
 In 1850 and 1851 he was president of the 
 
48 Lincoln at Gettysburg. 
 
 State Senate. Ih 1852 he was president of 
 the Free-Soil National Convention at Pitts- 
 burg, and chairman of the National* Com- 
 mittee. In 1855 ^"'s ^vas chosen to succeed 
 Edward Everett in the United States Sen- 
 ate, where he remained until elected Vice- 
 President. For denouncing Brooks's assault 
 on Summer as "brutal, murderous, and cow- 
 ardly," in a speech in the Senate, shortly after 
 that event, he was challenged by Brooks, but 
 manfully declined to accept. Through the 
 war he was chairman of the Committee on 
 Military Affairs. In the session of 1861-62 he 
 introduced the bill for abolishing slavery in 
 the District of Columbia. After the war he 
 advocated the mildest measures towards the 
 Southern States. In 1870 he made a short 
 summer trip to Europe. In 1872 he received 
 the Republican nomination for Vice-President 
 and was elected. On Nov. loth, 1875, he was 
 prostrated by a shock of paralysis, and he died 
 in the national capital on Nov. 22d. He had 
 nearly finished a " History of the Rise and 
 Fall of the Slave Power in America." 
 
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