■'-^0^ ^'^/r^^:. ''>:t^v '-^0 i'ii''» ^■i: '5^/ ^^ ,%^%i/h.: ^» "v " vy 'U „v ^■i^. ^^^.^^ A^ **f,-ff?^: 5.0 V^. .V-^ i;*^ .^>S>;-. ''^ ^*' •*-o. "^ V .■i^. •>-_ ':^o^ xO-n,. ,?5^?,' ■^rr' /^>\\S;i^ -i- * ' aV -^ _-^ -1- ' * A^ *!#- -^^J^''.* ¥:V ,/ ^. \^^v y ^^ ^-vi^^v .^^ --. -m^s y^^ Wm- ^/ -^ V-O^ vP "3 c-V" "V-^^ v^^ ^^: .\" ) \ . — -- — i - i^g^Sc y^^> 1 Vv\STO^^^ -OF- CUYAHOGA COUNTY, OHIO. PART FIRST. -GENERAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY. PART SECOND. -HISTORY OF CLEVELAND. PART THIRD. -HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIPS. r^i U "iiith portraits anH l|togra^hfi:al ^ketche^ ITS FK^OILvdlllsrElTT n^EHSr ^LIsTID ZPIOlsTEEI^S. COMPILED BY CRISFIELD JOHNSON. ^ PUBLISHED BY D:,:"W. ENSIGN & CO. -1879. ;0w, ^^.., tA IK f PRESS OF LEADER PRINTING COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO. CONTENTS. HISTOI^ia^L. HISTOET OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. PART FIRST. General History of the County. CHAPTER I.- II.- III.- IV.- V.- VI. VII.- VIII.- IX.- X. XI.- XII.- XIII.- XIV.- XV.- XVI.- XVII.- XVIII.- XIX.- XX.- XXI.- XXII.- XXIII.- XXIV.- XXV.- XXVI.- XXVII.- XXVIII.- XXIX.- XXXI- XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV.- XXXV.- XXXVI.- XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX, XL. XLI. XLII.- XLIII.- -The Situation in 1626 -Prehistoric Speeulations .... -The Erics and their Destruction . -Disputed Dominion -English Dominion ..... -The Period from ]78;i to 1794 -Sale and Survey ...... -The Period from H'JS to ISOO -The Period from 1801 to 1806 -The Period from 1807 to 1812 -The War of 1812 -From the War to the Canal .... -Progress, Inttalion, and " Hard Times" -The Period from 1840 to 1861 -During and since the War .... -First and Fifth Infantry .... -Seventh Infantry ...... -Eighth, Fourteenth, and Seventeenth Infantry -The Twenty-third Infantry .... -Twenty-fourth. Twenty-seventh, and Thirty-sev enth Infantry, etc. ..... -Forty-first Infantry ..... ■Forty-second, Forty-third, and Fifty-second In fantry ....... -Fifty-fourth, Fifty-eighth, and Sixtieth Infantry -Sixty-first, Sixty-fifth, and Sixty-seventh In- fantry .... -Eighty-fourth, Eighty-sixth, and Eighty-seventh Infantry, etc. ...... -One Hundred and Third Infantry, etc. -One Hunilred and Seventh Infantry, etc. -One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infantrv . -One Hundred and Twenty-fifth and One Hundro and Twenty-eighth Infantry -One Hundred and Twenty-ninth and One Hundrei and Fiftieth Infantry -The One-Year Infantry Regiment -The .Sharpshooters -Second and Sixth Cavalry, etc. -Tenth and Twelfth Cavalry . ■First Light .\rtillery, etc. -The Independent Batteries, etc. -The Press .... -Colleges .... -Various Societies, etc. . -The National Guard, etc. -Census Notes -Cuyahoga County Civil List -CJcology .... XLIV.- XLV.- XLVI.- XLVII.- XLVIIL- XLIX.- L.- LI.- LII.- LIII.- LIV.- LV.- LVI.- LVII.- LVIII.- LIX.- LX.- LXI.- LXII.- LXIII.- LXIV.- LXV.- LXVI.- LXVII.- LXVIII.- PART SECOND. The City of Cleveland. -The First Four Years . -The Village from 1800 to 1815 -The Village from 1815 to 1825 -From 1825 to the City Charter -An Outline of Later Years . -Protestant Episcopal Churches -The Methodist Churches -The Presbyterian Churches . -The Baptist and Disciple Churche; -Roman Catholic Churches, etc. -The Congregational Churches -Evangelical and other Churches -Benevolent Institutions -The Masons .... -Odd-Fellows and Knights of Pythias -Foresters, Knights of Honor, and Clubs ■Board of Trade, Banks, etc. . -Miscellaneous Departments and Institut -Manufactures -Schools and Libraries -The Cleveland Bar -Cleveland Civil List ■Biographical Sketches " " (continued) PART THIRD. The Townships. 130 LXIX.- -Bedford . 139 LXX.- -Brecksville . LXXI.- -Brooklyn . 140 LXXIL- -Chagrin Falls . LXXIII.- -Dover . 151 LXXIV.- -East Cleveland 15.3 LXXV.- -Euclid . 161 LXXVI. —Independence 163 LXXVII. -.Mavfield 170 LXXVIII. — Middleburg . 174 LXXIX. —New burg 181 LXXX. — Olmstead 188 LXXXL —Orange 202 LXXXII. —Parma . 204 LXXXIII. — Rockport 207 LXXXIV. — Royalton 210 LXXXV. — Solon 210 LXXXVI. — Strongsville . 214 LXXXVIL — Warreusville . 223 229 236 240 259 263 268 272 278 285 289 293 297- 301 306 310 317 321 .327 348 374 416 125 13a 443 452 460 466 484 491 520 528 B Z O C3- 1?. JL ^^ HI X O ^ 3Li. John W. Allen . Sherlock J. Andrews William W. Armstrong Elbert Irving Baldwin Melancthon Barnett . (leorge A. Benedict Hamilti>u Fisk Biggar William Bowler . \\\n Bradley Francis Branch . Gains Burk Stevenson Burke 327 327 329 329 330 330 331 332 333 334 .334 335 Leonard Case Selah Chamberlain Henry Chisholm William Chisholm Ahira Cobb •Tames M. Coffinberr' William Collins . Edwin Weed Cowle.- Edwin Cowles . Samuel Cowles . D. W. Cross John Crowcll PAOK 336 337 337 338 338 340 CONTENTS. BIOGI^^miO^Hj. John Henry Deveicux 34S \YilUani II. Doan 350 Daniel P. Eells 351 Sylvester T. Everett 352 James Farmer .......... 353 Seneca 0. Griswold ......... 354 Edwin B. Hale 354 Truman P. Handy 355 Benjamin Harrington ........ 356 Henry J. Herrick ......... 357 Rensselaer R. Herrick 358 Orlando J. Hodge 359 Geo. William Howe 360 James M. Hoyt . . 361 Hinman B. Hurlijut 362 John Hutchins .......... 363 Levi Johnson .......... 3G3 Alfred Kelley 364 Thomas M. Kelley 365 Charles Gregory King ........ 366 Zenas King 366 Jared Potter Kirtland 367 David Long ... ...... 367 Robert F. Paine 36S Richard C. Parsons 369 Henry B. Payne 370 Frederick William Pelton 371 Jacob Perkins .......... 372 Nathan Perry .......... 373 Houston H. Poppleton 373 Thomas Quaylc 374 Daniel P. Rhodes 375 Ansel Roberts 377 John P. Robison 378 William G. Rose 379 James Henry Salisbury 379 John C. Sanders ." 381 PACK William Johnson Scott ........ 382 Elias Sims ........... 383 A braham D. Slaght 383 Amasa Stone .......... 384 Andros B. Stone 385 Worthy S. Streator 38B Peter Thatcher 387 Amos Townsend 388 Oscar Townsend 389 Jephtha H. Wade 390 Samuel Williamson . . . 392 1 Hiram V. Willson 393 , Rufus King Winslow 394 Reuben Wood 395 Timothy Doane Cruckc] 395 Rufus P. Ranney 397 Theodore Breck lacing 410 Moses Hunt " 412 Moses Mathews •■ 414 Isaiab W. Fish ■•416 Martin Kellogg ■• 422 Abel 8. Hinckley 424 Harvey W. Curtiss 434 L. 6. Porter facing 440 John Doane .......... 450 Col. Ezra Eddy facing 46S Frederick Willson 470 .John Baldwin facing 472 Henrv Parker ........ " 476 A. P."Knowlton •• 47S David .Johnson Stearns ........ 491 Amos Boynton .......... 495 John P. Spencer facing 504 Lewis Nicholson ........ " 506 Israel D. Wagar 509 Aianson Pomeroy ......... 527 IIjLTJSTK.J^TIOnSrS. FAOE Cuyahoga County Court-Houses (Frontisjiic'e) . facing title.^ Portrait of R. R. Herrick (steel) Outline Map of Cuyahoga County 13 .V " E. I. Baldwin '• Portrait of Nathan Perry (steel) 52 " H. F. Biggar " H. V. Willson " 56 J " William Bowler '• -/ •• A. Bradley John Crowell 60 " S. J. Andiews '• 64 A. Cobb " R. P. Ranney " 68 D. W. Cross H. B. Payne 72 J. H. Devcreux '■ " Stevenson Burke (steel) 78 S. 0. Griswold •• William Collins 82 11. J. Herrick '■ Geo. A. Benedict " ISS George W. Howe ■* R. C. Parsons 192 C. G. King Edwin Cowles " between 194. 195 R. F. Paine . •' Edwin W. Cowles " 194. 195 . 11. H. Poppleton (steel) "^ •■ Thomas Quayle " Jacob Perkins " lacing 202 J. P. Robison " 20(1 Ansel Roberts " Amos Townsend 210 J. H. Salisbury " W. S. Streator 212 J. C. Sanders Geological Map of Cuyahoga County 214 <■ Elias Sims Portrait of John Hutchins (steel) 216 A. D. Slaght Profile Section Across the Cuyahoga \ ■alle . 217 Francis Branch Portrait of Gen. Moses Cleavcland facing 223"^ Oscar Townsend S. Williamson (steel) " 236 T. D. Crocker " B. Harrington " 240 S. V. Harkness S. Chamberlain " 244 Theodore Breck Z. King 246 Moses Hunt . H. B. Hurlbut " 256 Moses Mathews " James Farmer *' 27G Isaiah W. Fish J. H. Wade 280 Martin Kellogg Danl P. Eells " 282 Abel S. Hinckley . W. H. Doan 284 H. W. Curtiss(stcclj Peter Thatcher (steel) 288 L. G. Porter . T. P. Handy 296 '• John Doane (steel) E. B. Hale 298 Col. Ezra Eddy S. T. Everett " 300 '• Frederick Willson (steel) D. P. Rhodes 304 John Baldwin . A. B. .Stone " 306 Henry Parker . William Chisholm (steelj between 308, 309 A. P. Knowlton Henry Chisholm " 308, 309 Gaius Burke . A. Stone facing 310 David J. Stearns . J. M. Coffinberry •' 316 John P. Spencer James M. lloyt " " .320 *• Lewis Nicholson F. W. Pelton 322 " Israel D. Wagar (steel) Wm. G. Rose 324 " Aianson Pomeroy PASE facing 326 328 330 332 •' 334 3.38 344 " 348 " 354 " 356 " 360 366 " 36S 372 374 376 " 3-.S " 3S0 " 382 .384') " 381> 388 396 " 400 " 410 412 414 416 422 425 .r facing 434 440 450 468 470 472 476 478 482 491 504 506 508 526 NTRODUCTION, rr^iTE Rnl)iecfc of our history comprises tiic ]iresont -*- lorritory of tlie county of Cuyaliogii :iiire.seiit city of Erie to that of Cleveland. 'J"o the southward there wa.s a vast t)peii s)iac('. al- ternately the hunting ground and the battlctield of rival tribes, over which the I'Jries could range with more or less ditiiculty, to the confines of the Chuctuws and Clierukees. On the west and northwest were the lands of tliei)owerfnl Of/a/i'ds, Fulluwattomies, thiji- pewitx and Mi«inis. It will be nuderstood that the word "powerful " is used in a relative .sense, meaning [lowerful for a tribe of Indians. 'J'he SciurUD, the strongest of the Five Ndtioiis, had luit about a thou- sand warriors, and it is not i)robahle that either of the western tribes, including the Eries, had more than that number. Less is known of the Fries than of most other In- dian tribes, for during the middle [lart of the seven- teenth century the French missionaries and fur-traders were generally deterred by the enmity of the Jnn/uuis from taking the route to the West by way of Lake Lric, and ere that route was opened to European travel (he Erie nation was blotted out of existence, as will hereafter be described. From the slight ac- counts which have reaciied us, liowever, it is evident that they did not differ materially from the other In- dian tribes which surrounded them, and whose char- acteristics are so well known to Americans. 14 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Pierce, cruel and intractable, the men spent their time in hunting and lighting, while the women not only performed their domestic labors, but bore all burdens when attending their masters, and planted, tended and gathered the maize, the pumpkins and the beans, which were the principal vegetable food of the tribe. Slight indeed were the bonds of govern- ment imposed on these most democratic of republic- ans. A few of the elder men were known as sachems, a position rather of honor than of jwwer, though they exercised a gentle authority in maintaining order at home, and determined whether there shonld be peace or war with neighboring tribes. In war, the leadership of the tribe devolved on younger men, called war-chiefs, but even these had no authority resembling that exercised by the ofiicers of a civilized army. War being once declared, any ambitious chief could raise a party of volunteers to go on a raid against the enemy. They usually fol- lowed his guidance, but in case they refused to obey him there was no punishment known to Indian law which could be inflicted upon them. Even if one of them showed cowardice, the severest chastisement visited upon him was to call him a "squaw," and de- bar him henceforth from the honors and privileges of a warrior. This, however, was a terrible punishment to men whose only idea of glory or fame was in con- nection with warlike prowess. Sometimes, in cases of great importance, the chiefs called the whole nation to arms, but even then those who failed to respoud were merely designated as "s(|uaws," and left in com- pany with the squaws. Of civil government there was little need. Fero- cious as the Indians were against their enemies, the members of the various tribes seldom (juarreled amono- themselves. There was not much for them to quar- rel about. There was ahnost no individual property save the stone tomahawk, the bow and the arrows which each man could nuiiiufacture for himself; so there were no contests arising from the sin of eovet- ousness. The marriage bond sat lightly ui)on tjiem, although they were not a j)eculiarly licentious race. They were merely apatiietic in that respect, and mar- ital iulidelity did not awaken the anger often felt among barljarous nations no purer than the Indians; so there were few i|uarrels about women. Licpior had not been introduced among tliem, and thus another large cUiss of troubles was avoided. True, they had ferocious and malignant tempers, but it was not necessary to exercise them at home, and until after the introduction of liquor they seldom did so. If a number of Eric braves felt their native fierceness gnawing in (heir breasts till it must have vent, it was needless for them to slay each other; they could get up a war party, go forth and scalp a few Ol/aint women, or burn a eai)tuied Sciicm warrior, and be happy. The whole Indian system was opjiosud to the idea of stringent government. Parental restraint over children was of the lightest kind, though great def- erence was paid to age in both men and women. The little copper-colored rogues ran about in naked bless- edness, doing whatsoever they liked; the girls, as they a])proached womanhood, expecting nothing else than to share the labors of the wigwam and cornfield, while the adolescent boys eagerly trained themselves to be- come hunters and warriors. When the Un'et: were the lords over the territory of Cuyahoga county there was ample opportunity for the young braves to exercise themselves there in the ex- hilarating duties of the chase. The level or gently undulating ground, composed of sandy soil near the lake and a clayey loam farther back, was covered with a gigantic growth of beeches, ma])les, oaks, elms, etc., probably unsurpassed on the continent. The Indians were in the habit of burning off the underbrush so that they could more readily see the game, and this killed the small trees, but caused the large ones to attain magnificent proportions. Here the deer wandered in great numbers. Here and there, in some aged and hollow tree, the black bear made his hermitage through the wintry days, coming forth in tiie spring to feed on roots and ber- ries, and, later, on the ample supply of nuts and acorns aifordcd by the forest. Here, too, was occasionally heard the fierce scream of the American ])anther, at which even the hardy Indian youths shrank back in dismay, leaving the task of confronting that dreaded foe to the bravest warriors of the tribe. Numerous birds flitted among the trees, on which tiie children could test the strength of their tiny bows and their own accuracy of aim, while at long intervals the lordly eagle soared far overhead, or circled swiftly downward to seize his ]jrey, usually defying with ini- jiunity the arrows even of the most renowned bowmen of the forest. Upon the earth, among many hann- less congeners, crawled the deadly rattlesnake, which, however, was easily avoided by the dark youth, shod with wariness and bnskined with cunning. Life was even more abundant in the water than on shore. The lake swarmed with pike, pickerel, stur- geon, whitefish, etc., etc., some of which found their way into the river, where they were met by the gleam- ing trout from the u})land streams. Such was Cuyahoga county and its inhabitants at the time when the first jiccouuts regarding this locali- ty came to the knowledge of the whites. Even then, those accounts were very vague, but, as they have been eked out by suhsei|uently aecpiired knowledge, one is able to bring u}) before the mind's eye a toler- ably accurate picture of this ]>rimeval period. Befori', however, we move forward from this standpoint, it is l)roj>er to make brief mention of that long, vague period whi(^h antedates all reliable information, and is commonly called the pre-historic era. PRE-IIISTOUIC Sl'KCULATIONS. 15 CHAPTER II. PRE-HISTORIC SPECULATIONS. Ri-lii-s ill Norllu'i-nOliio— The Mound Hciil(liTs-(llil KoTtillcaliiins of this Itt-uii'ii— Works in Cleveland — In Nowlmrtc In Imlepenilence— At Ihc Forks of KiH-ky Uivcr— Outside the (Nmnty— In Western New York -Ahsenre of lAtrge Mounds — Coffins iit (Miasrin F.alls-Evi licnce .of Modor.ite Sized Ancients— The Jaw Kone Theory-Indian I'aHsailes— Their Superiority to Breastworks— Ahseiice of Melal In si ruini'iiljs- Conclusion in Favor o{ Ancient Indian Occupancy. So I'AU its is :it'tu;illy kiKiwii, l-lic /Jriis niiulit liaxc l)(H'n hi've ten yciirs, or u liiindiuil yi'iir.s, or a t.liou- saml ydiirs. licforc tlicy were heard of l)y tlio French. 'I'ct I he restless and hclli£;erent. (diaracltM- of the ,\inci'ii'an Indian.s makes it. iniiirohaiiic^ iJiat any l.i-ilie would remain many contiirio.s in llie same liicalilv, and doiiliLless the £"/•(>« gained their title to lliis region liy the good old ])roeess of driving away or exterminating the preecdiiig lord.s of the land, whose rights were similarly gronnded upon slaughter and rnu(|uest.. Itut. aside from the prohahle oeeiipaney of theeonii- ti V liy successive tribes of red nu^n, there are works and relies still extant in Cuyahoga county, as well as in other parts of northern Ohio, in IVnnsylvania and in New York, which have led many to believe that a race of a much higher grade of civilization than the Indians once inhabited these regions. Those old in- habitants are supposed to have been akin to the cele- liialcd though somewhat mythical "Mound-Hiiihlcrs" iif the Ohio valley. But the works attributed to the iatl(n' people are of a far different character from those of their northern neighbors, including not only exten- sive fortilications capable of sheltering ten, fiftc^eu or even twenty thousand men, but enormous mounds, sometimes seven or eight hundred feet in circiiin- ference at the base and .seventy feet high, and suji- |)()sed to have been devoted to religious sacrilices. Without entering into any discussion on the char- acter or origin of the " Mound-Builders," which would be entirely foreign to the purpose of this vol- ume, it is safe to say that the works extant in Cuya- hoga county and the rest of the lake region bear no indicat ions of having been erected by a race superior to the American Indians. Nay, they show strong attirma- tive evidence that their architects were mil superior to the red men discovered here by tlio Europeans. The works in (piestion arc mostly fortifications of moderate extent, the enclosed space rarely exceeding live acres. In a majority of cases advantage lias been taken of a strong natural jiosition, where only a small amount of labor was necessary to fortify it. Such is the ease at one of the best ])rescrved of these embankments in Cnyalioga county. It is within the limits of Cleveland city, but in what was formerly the town of Newburg; being between IJroad- wiiy and the Cuyahoga river, and only a short dis- tance from tliat stream. The natural position con- sisted of a peninsula surrounded on three sides by ravines nearly sixty feet deep, with stcc]), clayey sides, and joineil to the main land on the south by a nar- row islhinns. (tii this isthmus, .it the narrowest point, the occupants of the sitnation built two em- bankments, the outer one extending completely across the neck, the inner one reaching nearly but not (piite across the isthmus, leaving a narrow entrance-way on the west side. The bight of both embankments is about two feet, and each has a ditch on its out(M'side, now very shallow, but ap|iaii'iitlv at one lime some til ice feet deej). The space thus enclosed contains about five acres, and, although the land outside the ravines is of the same bight as that within the "fort," yet foemen would have fiuind it dilliciilt to .send their arrows to llie center of the enclosed space through the natural growth of trees, even supixisiiig th;it, the defenders knew nothing of the art of building palisades, itants of this region were of the same nice as the Indians, or an inferior one, is the fact that no metal instruments, not even of copper, have come down to us from the pre-historic era. Flint arrow- heads, fiint knives, stone hatchets, there are in abun- dance — all of the same kind as those used by the THE RRIES AND THEIR DESTRUCTION. ir Indians — and if nielal instniiiicnts bad existed some of Uioni would certainly liavo reniaint'd to Mio present day. Bftwoc'ii the borders of ivakc Krie anil tbe valleys of soutberii Obio, tbere is a tract wbieb lias been well desi.<,niated by Colonel Wbittlesey avS a neutral ,<>rouiid lictween tiie inhabitants of those localities. Without .■iltenii)ting to cross this open space and risk ourselves among tlic shades of the mythical " Mound-Uuilders," jjnt. looking only at the region of the great lakes, we may consider ourselves on tolerably iirni ground. 'I'lie Indians were here when the white men first came; I ho relics of ancient times generally show not superi- ority over, but inferiority to, the works of the red men, and tiio very strong probability i.s that some of tlie numertuis tribes of Indians, in a more or less ad- vanced state, were the masters of this region from the lime it first had hiiman occupants until they gave w.iv t(i tlu' insatiate invaders from Eurojie. CIIAPTKU III. THE ERIES AND THEIK DESTKUCTION. The Eries littli- kniiwu to the French— Power of the Iroiiuois— Destruc- tion of the Kahquahs— Iroquois Tradition Regardinc the Overthrow of the Eries— The I^atter hear of the LeaRue of the Five Nations— An Athletic C^ontest with the Senecas— Bloody Work— An Attempted Sur- I>rise— A (ireat Battle— Defeat of the Eries— Probability of the Story Considered— Another Accounl^-Butcherj' of the Erie Ambassadors— Burning of an Onondaga Chieftjiin- Wrath of the Confederates— Tlie Next Spring they Set Out— Appioaching the Stronghold— Description of the Warriors— The Assault— The Victory— Vengeance-Return of the Iroipjoia. DruiNii the first ipiarter of a century after the ex- istence of the Erii'tt became known to the French, very little occurred wiiich has become matter of his- tory or even of tradition. Tbe Gallic explorers with undaunted footstejis m:ide their way to the shores of Lakes Huron and Ontario, but Lake Erie was almost an unknown sea l-o them. Hetween its waters and I lie French settlements in Canada were the homes of the fierce, untamable Iroqiioix, against whom Cham- plain, the founder of Canada, h;id needlessly waged war, ,Mii(l who had become the most implacable enemies of the French colonists. These celebrated confederates, already the terror of surrounding tribes, were rai)idly rising to still wider dominion, ])artly on aeconnt of the strength deri\ed trom their well- planned union, and partly on account of l\w facility with wliich they could obtain fire-arms and amtnuiii- lion from the Diitcii on the Hudson river, who were very glad to have so good a guard located between them and the adventurous Frenchmen of Canada. Ivpiipped with these terrible weapons, and strong in their five-fold alliance, the Irorjitois wreaked terrible \engcance not only on the countrymen of Champlain, but on their numerous foes of their own race, little foreseeing that the destruction of their Indian rivals would only leave themselves the less able to resist the advance of the Europeans. There was occasional warfare between the lr(ii:iind the Onouddf/ng, wliose chief had suffered the last punishment of savage hate, were even more so. The approach of winter })revented an immediate movement against the Eriex, bnt in the spring of 10,")-t nearly all tiie Iroquois warriors were summoned to the held. An army was litted out which Le Moine, a Jesuit missionary then among the Oiioiidagas, esti- mated at eighteen hundred men — an immense num- ber when compared with an ordinary Indian war party. The Erics, sensible of their danger, had retreated to the western part of their territory — probably to the vicinity of Cleveland — and had there fortified themselves with palisades, strengthened by an abattis of forked trees. The Iroquois estimated the number of the Erie warriors at two thousand, but this was |iiobably one of the nsual exaggerations of an enemy. The Senvcas, by far the most j)owerful of the Five Xdtioiis, could only muster a thousand warriors, and there is no reason to su))pose the Erics were stronger. I'robably they were weaker. After a long march through the forest, the Iroquois approached the stronghold of their enemies. A few carried muskets or anpiebuses, and ammunition, either purchased from the Dutch or captured from the French. Two wore French costumes, doubtless stripped from the l)odies of slaiu enemies. At length the long column of the confederates arrived in front of the fortress of the Eries, and sjjiead themselves out inline. Other armies have Ijeen larger and better |iean nation, succeeded in the intervals of active warfare in insinuating themselves among those fierce warriors, and securing a foothold for their fur-traders and even for their missionaries. It is highly probable that some of those classes, intent on the interests of com- merce or religion, made their way to the south short! of Lake Erie soon after, if not before, the destruction of the unfortunate people who resided there; for the Jesuit map of ICOO j)roves that the members of that order had at least traced the chain of waters from Lake Erie to Lake Supei'ior. Very little is known, however, of the locality un- der consideration. According to a biography of liie celebrated La Salle, by an anonymous author, yet bearing many evidences of credibility, that remarka- ble adventurer came into the country south of Lake Erie in lOOlJ, discovered the Ohio and descended it to the rapids where Louisville now stands, where he was abandoned by his men and compelled to return alone. What La Salle was doing at this period is not posi- tively known, and such an exploit would be in perfect harmony not only with his dauntless courage and boundless love of adventure but with his uniform lack of tact in managing his subordinates. A nnq) attributed to La Salle, issued in 1572, calls the great body of water which bounds Cuyahoga county on the north, " Lake Tejocharonting, com- monly called Lake Erie." But it was not until 1671) that Lake Erie was fully exi)l(n'ed by European eyes and its waters plowed by a vessel built by European hands. The leader in this important enter[)rise was the brilliant adventurer al- ready named, Robert Cavelier de la Salle. This gen- tleman, a Frenchman of good family, then thirty-five years old, was the boldest and most successful of all the gallant men who attempted to explore the interior of North America. Some adventurers had made short excursions inland from the co;ist, others had trodden the shores of the St. Lawrence, others still had traced the cotist of the Gulf of Mexico and discov- ered the mouth of its principal river; it was given to La Salle to glide from the northeast to the southwest over three thousand unknown miles of land and wa- ter, to unravel the great enigma of the Mississippi, and to span the whole eastern portion of the conti- nent with the bow of triumi)hant discovery. Having left his native Rouen at the age of twenty- two. La Salle had for thirteen years been leading a life of varied adventure in America, and had in 1G78 received a commission from Louis the Fourteenth to DISPUTED DOMllSION. 21 discover tho western part of New France. In the winter and spring of 1078 and 1G79 he built a vessel of sixty tons on the Niagara river, above the falls, to which he gave the name of the "Grillin." After long waiting, to perfect his preparations, I^a Salle sailed up Lake Erie from the head of tiie Niagara on the seventh day of August, KJTS. ll is not certain on which side of Lake Erie the •• (irillin " sailed, nor whether it crossed tho watery portion of Cuyahoga county; tho presumption, how- ever, is tiiat it went on the north side, which was not (inly the shortest but was least likely to be infested by the hostile Iroquois. Nevertlioless, the oj)eiiing of thr great inland sea, on which the county borders, to th(^ knowledge and the commerce of Europe is an event of such importance to all who live on its shores as to merit more than a passing notice. La Salle occui)ied four days in making the voyage from the site of Bullalo to the head of the lake, where lie entered into the straits which lead to Lake Huron. There were thirty-four men on board tho "tiriIMn," all Frenchmen with two or three exceptions. La Salle himself is represented as a handsome, blue-eyed cavalier, with smooth cheeks and abundant ringlets, ai)parently better fitted to grace the salons of Paris than to dare the dangers of the American wilderness, yet in reality standing in the foremost rank of all those who opened the new world to the knowledge of the old. The second in command was Henry do Tonti, an Italian by birth, son of the inventor of the "Tontine" jilan of insurance, who had served valiantly as a sol- (1 er in tiic Sicilian wars, who had been exiled from his native land by revolution, and who showed, throughout his career under La Salle, the most un- wavering Contempt of danger and the most devoted loyalty to his chief. Another distinguished voyager on the ''(irillin" was the celebrated Father llcnnej)iu, a Franciscan friar of Flemish birth, but French by education and lan- guage, who was at once the (irie.stand tiie historian of the expedition. " With sandaled feet, a coarse, gray capote, and peaked hood, the cord of St. Francis about his waist, and a rosary and crucifix hanging at his sid(\ the father set forth on his memorable jour- ney."* He was attended by two coadjutors, and they carried with them a light poi'table altar, which could be slrajiped on the back like a knapsack or set up in the wilderness at a moment's notice. Father llrniiepin was destined, in the conrse of the wide wanderings on which he was then entering, to display the most unswerving courage, and the most devoted zeal in the conversion of the savages to UhrislJanity, but was also to acipiire the less enviable reputation of being one of the most mendacious of the many un- trustworthy I'jiiropean travelers in America. v .\s the little bark with its gallant commander, its zealous priests and its swarthy crew, swept westward before the favoring breezes, all doubtless believed that they were ojjening the new lake to the com- merce of France, and that its fertile shores would in time be occui)ied by the subjects of Louis le (I rand or his successors. To all apiiearances the F'rench had obtained the complete dominion of all the waters of the St. Lawrence, and the career of La Salle Wiis to extend still farther the sway of their magnificent monarch. The most vivid and prophetic imagination could not have jiictured the shores of the great lakes j)assing from the dominion of F'rance to that of Eng- land, (whose king, Charles the Second, was then the mere vassal of Louis the Fourteenth), and again, after a brief interval, becoming a part of an independent country, whose j)ower was to rival that of either of the great nations which had preceded it in the i)atli of empire. La Salle named the waters over which he was jiass- ing the " Lae do Conti," in honor of one of his jjat- roiis, the Prince de Conti, but Father Hennepin called it Erie, mentioning at the same time that the Indians termed it '' Erie Tejocharonting." The "Grittin," though the j)ioneerof all the immense commerce of Lake Erie, was itself the sjiort of disas- trous fate. It went to Green Bay, where La Salle, Tonti and Hennepin left it; start.ed on its return with a cargo of furs, and was never heard of more. Whether it sank with all on board amid the storm- tossed waters of Lake Michigan or Huron, or was driven upon the shore of Lake Eric and its crew mur- dered by the revengeful Iroquois, has been a suljject of frei|Uent but unavailing investigation. Numcroiis relics of shipwreck have been found near the mouth of Rocky river, in Cuyahoga county, and it is possi- ble, not probable, that some of them came from tlir long lost '"Griflin." With greater proiiability it Ikis been deemed that the scene of the '' Grithn's " ship- wreck was discovered, near the lieginningof this centu- ry, by the settlers in the southwest jiart of Erie county. New York; for there were cannon found there with French mottoes' upon them, which certainly gives color to tlio theory that that was the theater of tlie " Gritlin's " disaster. There arc, however, other ways of accounting for those relics, and it is (piite likely, as i)efore stated, that the pioneer vessel of the upper lakes sank amid their turbulent waters with all of its unfor- tunate crew. After the "Grillin" had sailed, La Salle, with the majority of his companions, went into the Illinois country. There they built two trading posts, but a.s, after long waiting, the "(Jritlin" did not return, the indomitable chief, with three comrades, performed the extraordinary feat of returning on foot to the siiores of the St. Lawrence, subsisting entirely upon the game they ])rocured with their muskets. It has generally been supposed that La Salle and his com- panions went, on the southern side of Lake Erie across the territory of Cuyahoga county, but there are good roiusons for believing that they crossed the Detroit river and skirted the northern shore of the lake, 23 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. wliere they would be iu less danger from tbe ever- dreadod lroqiioi><. La 8allo afterwards returned to the Hlinois region, iiiid in 1CJS3, with a handful of men, descended the Mississippi to the sea, thus achieving the greatest feat of discovery ever accomplished in the interior of America, and adding tlie vast territory of Louisiana to tlic dominions of France. Wliile endeavoring, however, to colonize these newly discovered lands, he met with continual disasters, and was at length mur- dered by some of his own followers, in what is now tbe State of Texas. For a long period afterwards there is very little to relate regarding the county of Cuyahoga. The French waged long wars witb the En^dish under King William and (^ueen Anne, and the Iroqiiuis were generally in alliance with the latter jieople. Nevertheless the French, whose powers of insinuation among savages were unrivaled, obtained considerable iutiuence among tlie Scnecax, and were enabled to make many profitable voyages after furs upon Lake Erie. Fort Ponchartrain was built on the site of Detroit in 1701. By the peace of Utrecht, concluded at the end of " Queen Anne's War" in 1713, the Five Natious (or the Six JVatiutis, as they became about that time by the admission of the 'Tuscaroras into the confederacy), were acknowledged to be subjects of the crown of Great Britain, but no definite boundaries were assigned them. From that time forth the Eng- lish claimed to own as far west as the Cuyahoga, on the ground that the Six Niitiuiis had long been the proprietors to that point, while the French, by right (if discovery and possession, claimed both shores of tlie great lakes, together with the whole valley of the Mississijjpi. As for the Irotjuois, tliey repudiated tiic pretensions of the English as scornfully as they did those of tlie French, and asserted their own ownership by virtue of their conquest of the Kahqidihs and Erics. In fact they were becoming, perhaps, more Jealous of the English than of the French, since the former were continually obtaining large tracts of Indian lands for tlie purpose of colonization, while the latter only wanted posts for their fur-traders and stations for their missionaries. French traders from Canada scoured the whole West iu search of furs, as did also the Dutch and English of New York. At the period in question the French considered Ohio as a part of Louisiana. That jirovince was di- vided into four jiarts, each in charge of a military commandant; all being suliject to the council-general of Louisiana. One of these subdivisions nominally included all the territory northwest of the Ohio. In fact, however, the would-be rulers exercised very little authority outside the walls of their rude fortresses. In 1725, the French obtained permission of the Ini'iuois chiefs to build a "stone house " at the mouth of the Niagara, on the east side, where the Marquis de Denonville had previously planted a French post, which had been speedily abandoned. The "stone house" was at once begun, and finished the next year; assuming, by the time it was completed, tiie propor- tions of a strong frontier fortress. This was a very important proceeding, as it gave the French, to a great extent, the command of the whole ui)per lake region. There was a great deal of intriguing among the Iroquois chiefs on the part of both the French and the English, and it is sometimes difficult to learn which was in the ascendency; though, as a general rule, the English influence was predominant. The French were most successful with the Senecas and one or two other western tribes of the confederacy, while the Mohawks and Oneidds, who lived on the English frontier, were usually faithful to their inter- est. The ancient bond of tiie " Uedonosaunee," or People of the Long House, as the Iroquois called tiiemselves, was evidently weakening under the stress of foreign intrigue. But the French did not have it all their own way even with the western tribes. The same year that Fort Niagara was completed seven of the principal sachems of the Senecas, C'nt/ii(/as and Onoiulai/as made a deed of trust to the King of Great Britain and his successors, of their lands, extending in a belt sixty miles wide from the foot of Lake Ontario, all aljiig that lake, the Niagara river and the " Lake Oswego," [Erie] to die "creek called Canahogue," which was the original form of Cuyahoga. The deed also included the " beaver hunting-grounds" of those natious, the boundaries of which were not described, but which are supposed to have been on the Canadian peninsula. The king was to hold the lauds forever, I but solely in trust for the tribes above_nanied; the ob-' I Ject being evidently to give the English an excuse for witiistandiiig the j)reteiisions of the French to the same territory. It is doubtful whether the seven chiefs had any authority to deed away the lands of their people, even " in trust," and it is jirobable that they represented only the English faction, while it was the French faction which had given that nation authority to build Fort Niagara. The officers of King Louis and King George now maintained the conflicting claims of their respective masters to the country east of the Cuyahoga with more pertinacity than ever before. It will have been observed that in the above deed Lake Erie is called " Oswego," that being the same name which about the same time was applied to the locality on Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the Onon- daga, now Oswego. On a map in Colden's History of the Five Nations Lake Erie is called "Okswcgo," and this appellation is also used in Washington's jour- nal, iu 1753, and on Pownal's map, ajs late as 1777. This name, like most Indian names, has received many different explanations. The most plausible, considering that the expression was used in regard to two such widely separated localities, is that of " boundless view," or, as the Indians express it, "look everywhere — see nothing." Such an ajtpellation DISPUTED DOMINION. 2.1 would bo applicable to almost any point along the lakes, or to cither of the lakes itself. The lake on which C!uyah()ga county bonlcrs was, however, more often called by its old name of " Erie," and this finally su|)orseded all others. Notwithstanding the intrigues of the French and English, tliat part of Cuyahoga couTity cast of the river continued in peaceable jjosscssion of the Six Xd/inns, wlio used it only as a hunting ground, while the western part was occupied for the same purpose by the ()//iiwas, Chippfiioas and Po/tawdtiamies. The only white men seen within its bounds were occasional P'rencii fur-traders, or, less often, an extremely daring English one, and perchance, now and then, a dark- gowned .lesuit, abandoning case and risking life to spread the faith of his church among the savages of tiie Far West. In the war between France and F]ngland, begun in 174-t:, and concluded by the treaty of Aix la Cliapelle in 174S, the Si.r Xalioiix generally maintained their neutrality, and the contest had no effect this far west. In the last named year, however, an association called tlie Ohio C'omitany was organized under the authority of the government of Virginia, for the jiurpose of settling tiie lands which that colony claimed west of tlie AUeganies. It numbered fourteen members, all Virginians except one, (a Londoner), among whom were Lawrence and Augustine, elder brothers of George Washington. Tiie Virginia authorities gave it a grant of half a million acres west of the AUega- nies, but without any definite location of boundaries; if the owners could maintain themselves on the Ohio or the shores of Lake Erie, they were welcome to do so. The peace of Aix la Chapelle was little more than an armed truce, so far as America was concerned, and the intrigues of both French and English for the ex- tension of their frontiers were more active than ever. In 1749, the Count de la Galissonicre, the governor- general of Canada, ordered Monsieur Celeron de 15ien- ville to set forth from Detroit with three hundred men. to visit all important points, east and southeast, as far as the AUeganies, and to take formal possession of the (u)untry in tlie name of tiie king of France. \)o Bienville obeyed his instructions, and at each iin- l)ortant locality he buried a leaden plate, engraved witli the arms of France, and also made one of those curious records, called a "proves rwrbal,'' which con- sisted of a solemn written declaration of the officer, duly at tested before a notary puiilic, to the etfoct tiiat he did then and there take possession of the surround- ing country, in the name and for the benefit of the king of France. As tiie mouth of the Cuyalioga had long been recog- nized as one of the principal places in the West, especially ius being the boundary between the (SV.'C Xit- lions and their western rivals, it is liighly probable'" that Celeron de Bienville buried one of his plates and drew up one of his " prnrrs vprlxil" at that point, but there is no direct evidence to tiiat etleet. 'J'he next year the French followed up the movement they had begun, by building a fort near Sandusky Iniy. In 1753, the Manpiis do Diii)iiesne de Menncville was ai)i)ointcd governor-general of Clanaila, and ju-o- cecded to carry out the aggressive jiolicy of his [irede- cessor. The Indians of all the tribes became seriously alarmed, and in a council held below Pittsliurg, that year, they inquired where the Indian lands were, since the French claimed all on the west side of the Ohio and the English on the east. The next year the French ix>gan to carry out tiieir long planned scheme of connecting Uikc Erie and the Ohio river by a chain of posts, which sliould at once mark tlie boundary of the Frencii possessions and defend them from inva- sion. Posts weru accordingly established at Pres(pi' Isle, (Erie), Le Boeuf (French Creek) and Venango, all in the present State of Pennsylvania. If the movement was successful and the English accpiiesccd in it, Cuyalioga county, with all the rest of the West, was to become French territm-y. The English and tiieir colonics took tlic alarm ; a small garrison was ordered to tiie forks of Ijie Ohio, and young Major George Washington was sent by the governor of Viiginia to' remonstrate with the com- mandant at LeBoeuf and demand his wilhdrawa'. The latter proceeding was entirely futile, as was doubtless expected, and the next spring the French went down with a heavy force, drove away the little garrison at the forks of the Oliio, and built a fort there which they called Fort Dufpiesne. Thus the chain of posts was complete, and for the first time Cuyahoga county was fully inclosed within the French lines. The same year another fort was built on the Saiidiisk)\ About the same jieriod, perhaps a little earlier, a French post of some kind was established on the Cuyahoga. It is shown on Lewis Evans' map, of 1755, as a '• French house,'" five or six miles up the river on the west side. The language would indicate a trading-house, but it was probably siitricicntly for- tified to resist a sudden attack of hostile Indians. This was the first European estaiilisliiiient within tlie limits of Cuyahoga county. By this time all the colonies were much excited, and a meeting of their representatives — the first. American congress — was lield at Albany to devise some means of united action against the common en- emy. Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Pennsyl- vania, proposed a plan of union among the colonies, which, however, was not adopted. Immediately afterwards Franklin, in his paper at Piiiladelpliia, jirojioscd a plan for defending the frontiers. Two joint-stock comiianies were to be formed, each share- holder in which was to receive a certain number of acres of land from the government; one of the com- panies being bound to plant a colony on the Niagara frontier, and the other to establish one north of llie Ohio. For the protection of the latter he ])ioj)osed a temporary fort on French creeek, and another at. t he motilJi of the "Tioga" [Chiyahoga] on the south side of Lake Erie, " wiiere a [lost should be formcil and a u GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COtJNTY. town eieoLed for tlie trade of the lake." This was, so far as known, tlie first suggestion ever made look- ing to the hnilding (tf a town on the site of Cleve- land. But Franklin's i)lan necessitated that the govern- ment should first drive the French away from the head-waters of tlie Ohio and tlie south shore of Lake Erie, and this was a very difficult thing to do. When it should be accomplished the problem of defending the frontiers would have been substantially solved, whether the projioscd colonics were established or not. In that year (1754) Washington, by attacking a French party which was spying around his camp, struck the first overt blow in the mo§t important war which had yet been waged in America. The French rallied their numerous friends among the western In- dians, and these came gliding down the lake in canoes, resplendent in war-paint and feathers, ready to aid their great father, the king of France. Some went to Prescpr Isle (Eric), and thence to the posts in the interior, but some went up the Cuyahoga to the " French hou.se," thence to the portage, and so on direct to Fort Duquesne. • In 1755, a crowd of these western savages defeated the disciplined army of Braddock, and the valley of the Ohio and the shores of Lake Eric appeared to be more fii-mly fixed than ever in the power of the French. Their grasji was loosened in 1758, when Fort Duquesne was surrendered to General Forbes, but was by no means entirely relinquished. The next year, at the same time that Wolfe was seeking glory and a grave under the walls of Quebec, General I'j-ideaux and Sir William Johnson, with a considera- ble force of English, Provincials and Iroqiiois, came to besiege Fort Niagara, justly considered the key of the whole upper-lake region. Again the western In- dians were called on, and again they hastened down the lake to the assistance of their French brethren. D'Aubrey, the commander at Venango, gathered all he could of both white and red, and hastened to the relief of Niagara. He was utterly defciited and captured, however, close to the walls of that post, and the fort itself was immediately surrendered to the English. When this news came westward, fol- lowed quickly by the intelligence of the fall of Quebec, the few reniainina; Frenchmen alone' the lakes sadiv foreboded the speedy transfer of this broad domain to the power of the hated English. In September of the next year (1700), the Marquis de Vandreuil, gov- ernor-general of Canada, surrendered that province to the English, including all the forts of the western country. This ended the long contest for dominion over the territory of northern Ohio, for no one could doubt that, with the French once subdued, the Eng- lish would be the virtual lords of the whole country, although they might permit the various tribes of In- dians to assert a nominal ownership. CHAPTER V. ENGLISH DOMINION. Major Koj^ei's and his Rangers sent to Detroit— The Command at the "ChOKage" — Location of that Stream— A Band of Ottawas— Questi4tn as to the presence of Pontiac— Kogers' description of the Meeting, and of subsequent Events— Sir William Johnson at the Cuyahoga — First British Vessel on Lake Erie— Conspiracy of Pontiac— Wilkins' Expe- dition—Location of the Disaster which befell it — Bradstreet's Expedi- tion—Its arrival in Ouj'ahoga County- Description of the Scene— The Command proceeds up the Lake— Its Return- Wreck of the Flotilla - Location of that Event— Destruction of Boats— Putnam and his Men ' return on Foot — Relics found near Rocky River— A Mi»und full i*f Bones— Query regarding its Occupants— Subsequent Events— Hard- ships of Early Navigation— Ohio annexed to the Province of Quebec — Lord Dunmore's War — The Revolution — Indian Forays — Murder of Moravian Indians — Meeting of Commissioners to negotiate Peace- Proposition to give Ohio to Great Britain — Its Defeat — Duration of English Dominion. As soon as the surrender of Canada had l)een en- forced, the British commander-in-chief. Gen. Amherst, felt that it was important to send a body of troops immediately to take possession of the western French posts, especially of Detroit, which had been looked on as the headquarters of French power oh the upper lakes by numerous warlike tribes, who would hardly believe that England was victorious as long as they saw the Gallic (lag flying from the battlements of that fortress. He selected for that purjjose the force reported to be the bravest body of partisans in the Anglo-American army—the celebrated New Hamp- shire Rangers, commanded by their renowned leader. Major Robert Rogers. Major Rogers had served throughout the war which was just closing, usually having a separate force with which he operated against the Indians or annoyed the French, and act- ing much of the time in concert with Israel Putnam, of Connecticut, whose fame as a partisan was second only to his own; each of them having done more daring deeds and experienced more hair-breadth escapes than would sutlico to fill a volume. This hardy backwoods leader, with his battalion of '•Ranger-s,' set out from Fort Niagara in October, 1700. The command moved up the Niagara and set forth upon Lake Erie in the large bateaux, holding fifty men each, with which white troops usually navi- gated the great lakes at that period. On the 7th of November the battalion arrived at the mouth of a river which Rogers, in his published journal, calls the "Chogage." It has generally been assumed that this was the Cuyahoga, but weagree with Col. Whittlesey, the author of the Early History of Cleveland, in think- ing that it was much more probably the "Cheraga," as the Grand river was then called, according to the old maj)s; a name which has since become Geauga. Major Rogers, in his journal, gave the distances which he sailed nearly every day, and these, as stated after he left Presqu' Isle (Erie), would bring him just about to Grand river. "Chogage" is much more like Cheraga than it is like Cuyahoga or Canahogue, and as the Cuyahoga river was one of the best known streams in the western country, and was laid down ENGLISH DOMINION. on nil the maps of this region, it is certainly strange if Major Rogers, a man of marked intelligence, did not know its name and location. At this point Rogers met a band of Attawdira {Ot- liiwd) Indians, just arrived from Detroit. In Rogers' ••Journal," jjublished in 17G5, nothing is said of Pon- tine or any other celebrated chief as being present on this occasion, but in his "Concise Account of the War," also published in 1705, it is stated that Pontiac was the leader of the jiarty and that he haughtily forbade the English from i)roceeding. Rogers was a good deal of an adventurer, and some have imagined that after Pontiac became celebrated tiie major added tlie account, of their meeting to give interest to his story. It is, however, one of those discrepancies which indicate truth rather than falsehood. If Major Rogers had inter|)olated the iiccount of Pontiac, he would have carefully made his two book.s harmonize oil that point; they being both, as we have said, pub- lished in the same year. It has been suggested that, as the Cuyahoga was the eastern boundary of Pon li- ne's territory, he would not have halted Rogers at (irand river. But it should always be remembered that Indian boundaries are not as clearly defined as those of the white man; and though the Cuyahoga was generally considered the boundary between the Iro- ([Hoix and the western Indians, yet the old maps show an Oltdwa village on the east side of that stream, in the present townsiiip of Independence; so it may well be that the haughty Pontiac claimed as far east as (J rand river or even fartiier. We nuxy add that the great authority of P:irkman is decidedly in favor of the credibility of Rogers' account. According to that account the first delegation of Indians informed the major that the great chief, Pontiac, was not far off, and requested him to wait until that dignitary could see " with his own eyes" tiie Anglo-American commander. Accordingly Pon- ti;io soon met Rogers, demanded his business, and asked him how he dared to enter that country without his, Pontiac's, permission. Rogers ar.swered that he hail no design against the Indians, but should remove the French, the common enemy of both the whites and the Indians, at the same time giving a belt of wami)um. Pontiac said: '•I stand in the path you travel in until fo-niorrow morning;" thus forbidding the Americans to proceed, and emphasizing the command by the presentation of a wampum belt. Rogers continues: "When he departed for the night he inc|uirod wlietiier I wanted anything l-iiat his country afforded, ami he would send for it. 1 assured him that any provisions they brought should be paid for, and the next day we were su])plied by tiiem with several bags of parched corn and some otiier necessaries. At our second meeting he gave me the pij)e of peace, and both of us by turns smoked with it, and he assurcon the. corpses. Certainly a most startling picture of the terrors attending tlie early commercial operations on Lake Erie. In 1774 an act of Parliament declared the whole territory northwest of the Ohio to be a part of tlie province of Quebec, thougli without prejudice to the rights of other colonies. Lord Dunniore, the royal governor of Virginia, however, declared the act to be in derogation of the rights of his province, and pro- ceeded to grant large tracts of land northwest of tiie Ohio. For other reasons the patriot leaders of tbe colonies were strongly opposed to a law which trans- ferred the whole Northwest to a province which had no constitutional government, and was arbitrarily ruled by the crown. This was the period of "Lord Dunmore's War," in which the Indians occupying the present territory of Ohio, western Pennsylvania and western Virginia, under the lead of the celebrated Logan, were defeated by the N'irginians at Point Pleasant, at the mouth of the Kanawha. It does not appear to have changed in any resjiect the condition of affairs on the shores of Lake Erie. The next year the Ilevolution broke out, but tliis locality was too far from the frontier to be the scene of any portion of that conflict. The nearest Ameri- can settlement was at Pittsburg, tlie village which had grown up around Fort Pitt, distant about a hun- dred and twenty miles in a straight line from the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Many of the western In- dians, however, were persuaded to take arms in favor of the British, mainly by persuasion of the Frencli leaders whom they liad long been accustomed to ad- mire and to follow, and who were employed by tlie English for that purpose. War jiarties accordingly fre(|uently passed down the lake; some going on to join the English forces in Canada — others turning off at the Cuyahoga and going uii its valley, whence they made their stcaUhy way to the Ohio and struck bloody blows at the settlers around Pittsburg. The inspiration of these expeditions came from the Brit- ish post at Detroit, whence the Indians received arms, ammunition and jiresents of various kinds, to encour- age them to continue in their bloody work. So numerous did these outrages become that in 1 ^ 7S an expedition was projected against Detroit, intended to break up the nest where so many murders were hatched. As preliminary to this a force was sent out from Pittsburg against the Sniidiiiikt/ Indians, but it only went as far as the jircsent county of Tuscara- was, where Fort Laurens was built, but abandoned the next year. The expedition against Detroit was given up. Other attacks upon the hostile Indians were made nearly every year. In 1782 occurred the celebrated murder of about a hundred peaceable Moravian Indians in the terri- tory of Tuscarawas county, liy a force of frontier militia under Colonel Williamson. After this shock- ing event the hostile Indians became more bitter than ever, and many wlio had jireviously been neutral now united with the infuriated friends of the iniirdered Moravians. Meanwhile the English had been taught by a score of defeats that they could not concpier America, and in 17S3 commissioners met in Paris to consider the terms of peace. One of the most important fpies- tions was that of the boundary between the British provinces and the United States. Coinmissioner Os- wald, one of the representatives of (Jreat Britain, proposed the Ohio river as the boundary line; claim- ing the northwestern territory as jiart of the i>rovince of (Juebec under the law of 177-t. This i>roposition was also secretly favored by Vergennes, the French minister. It was vehemently opjiosed by the Ameri- can commissioners, headed by .John Adams, and the line was finally fixed in the middle o( the great lakes and their connecting rivers. The definite treaty of peace, recognizing the indepemlcnce of the United States, was signed in the fore part of 178:5, and all this region ceased by law to be under English do- minion. it will be seen that uiKpiestioiied British authority over the territory of Cuyahoga county only lasted from the surrender of Canada in 17G0 to the peace of Paris in 1783 — twenty-three years. 30 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAUOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER VI. THE PERIOD PROM 1783 TO 1794 Dttentiun of Western Posts by the Briti h— Dissensions Among Ihe States About the Northwest— Origin of Contticting Claims— The Fii-st Englisli Charter— The Seeond Charter for Virginia-The Plymouth Charter— Annulment of the Virginia Charter— Grant of Massachu- setts by the Plymouth Company- -Grant of Connecticut to Earl War- wick by the same Company — Its Boundaries— Its Conveyance to Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brooke and others— The New York Claim— Views of Ihe Slates without Claims -New York fii-st cedes her Claim to the United States — Virginia follows— Also Massachusetts — Connecticut cedes her Claim to all but the Western Reserve — The Indian "Right of Occupancy " — The Iroquois cede all East of the Cuyahoga— Treaty with the Wyandots. Delawares and others — First Trade from Pitts- burg — Primitive Engineering — First House in Cleveland — The Mora- vians in Cuyahoga County- Outline of their Past History— Their Con. version— Their Peaceful Conduct — The Massacre— Wandering of the Survivors— They arrive at the Mouth of the Cuyahoga— Locate in the present Independence — Call their New Home Pilgerruh— Their Course during the Year— Speech of an Apostate— Connecticut attempts to sell the Reserve— Wreck of the "Beaver"— The Crew winter on the Site of Cleveland— The Moravians Leave the County— Their Subse- quent Fortunes— Organization of the Northwestern Territory— Form- ation of Washington County— Another Indian Treaty— An old French Trader— Defeat of Harmar and St. Clair— Conveyance raek- inaw" was impracticable, Ijeeanse the nioulb was closed by a sand-bar. Ft was opened by a veiy sim- ple jtiece of engineering. The men made some wood- en shovels, waded ont n])on the sand-bar. and dng a ditch Ibrongh which I be walei- ran with snllicient force Id cl(>ar a channel navigable for the •"Macki- naw." Having sailed np to the dcsii'cd locality, they made ciillars for their horses out of Idankets, and tngs out of the raw elk-hide tent-ro]>es, drew together some small logs, anil built a cabin near the spring before mentioned. This is the first house that is known with certainty to have been erected on the site of the city of (!lev('land, though it is iiuite probable that there had previously been a temporary trading-jiost on one side or the other of the Cuyahoga at its month. The traflic described by Mr. llillman continued Ibronghont the season; siv round trips being made by the trains. We infer fi-om the langinige of a letter from Mr. llillman. pidilisbeil in the Early History of ('le\ eland, that some nlber goods besides flour and bacon were taken to (be month of the Cuyahoga, and that sonu' furs were trans|)orted back to IMlts- biirg. SouLC of the ui>ward-bound freigld. was taken to Hetroil. by water and some by land. Meanwhile, and almost simultaneously with the be- ginning of thistrallie, the first set tienient was made in (hiyahoga county by peojile who designed to de- vote themselves to the arts of ])eace and civilization, though most of them were not of the proud Caucas- ian race. It was about the Ttii of June, 1780, that a weary liand of travel-worn men and women crossed the western border of Cuyahoga county, and nnidc their way along the lake shore toward the month of tbe Cuyahoga river. They arrived there on the Sth, and almost at the same time a flotilla of canoes came down the lake, with the old men and women and some of the children belonging to the households, whose more vigorous members had nuirched on shore. Tlie schooner " Mackinaw" had just ])reviously brought their heavy luggage and the most inlirm of their mendjers. All, save two leaders, Avere of uniinxcd Indian blood, yet they Ijore upon their tawny features an ex})ression rarely seen among those fierce, relentless denizens of the forest — an expressiim of mildness, of ])atiencc, of resignation, lightened up only by occasioTud gleams of religious enthusiasm. Their l)rincipal leaders were two sturdy, broad-shouldered men, with the unnustakable round, (Jerunin physiog- nomy, but whose fair Teutonic complexuju had been bronzed by long exposure almost tf) the aboriginal line. These were .lohn Ileckcwelder ami David Zeis- bergcr, and their followers were the remnant of that celebrated band of Moravian Indians, who.se cruel fate fcu'ms at once one of the saddest and one of the darkest, pages of American hist(MT. (!onvert,ed to (Christianity by the efl'orts of the Mo- ldavian missiomiries, they had established themselves in the fci'tile valley of the Muskingum before the Uevolidion. where, unmoved by the sneei'S of their brethren of the woods, they sought to live by agri- culture and the chase, eschewing war, [terformiug the duties of their religion, and nuinifesting every evi- dence of a sincere abhorrence both for the theoretical errors and practical crimes of i)aganism. During the Iievoluti(ni they were objects of distrust to both par- ties, though, so far as can be ascertained, without cause on the part of either. As the war w'ent on, nu- merous outrages were committed on the frontier of Pennsylvania by Imlians, especially by /)e/iiir(irei<, to which tribe a large part of the Moravian Indians hail belonged. The fierce Scotch-Trish froidiersnien were furious for revenge, and they eared little on whom il fell. It was ea.sy to concoct stories that the Moravian Indiiins hai'bored and aided the nuirauders, though all the circnmstances showed that such was not the case. At the same time the pagan Indians and the British officers insistinl that the Moravians shoidd move hiu-k farther into the wilderness, where they could not be of any assistance to the Americans. This thej' in fact did in 178"2, Imt a. portion of them returned to the Muskingum to take care of (heir crops. In the sum- mer of that year a liattalion of militia, under Col. Williamson, mai-ebed swiftly lo I he Moravian towns, disarmed the hunters, got all of the people into their power under false pretenses, and then in cold blood murdered the whole number — over a humlred men, women and clnldi'cn. No more infamous atrocity was ever i)erpetrated by the worst of those who are com- monly called savages. Vet those who had not returned to the Muskingum, together with some who were at another village ;ind thus escaped the massacre, nearly all still adhered to their religion. A few. oidy, joined the hostile Imlians and clamored fiercely for revenge — a.s might well be exi)ccted. But the main body gathered sadly together on the Sandusky, under the leadership of their de- voted missionaries, I lecke welder and Zeisberger, and again devoted themselves to the arts of peace and the duties of religion. But iiere they were constantly jiersecuted by their kinsmen, the Itrhiiraros, and other savage Indians, and were taken under the jiro- 34 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. tection of the British comniiimler at Detroit. They established tliemselves near tliat post, where tliey re- niaiued until the spriug of 1780. They then delcr- mined to locate themselves on the Cuyahoga, appar- ently hoping to be allowed to establish themselves at their old home on the Muskingum, for which they al ways manifested a strong attraction. The schooners "Beaver" and "Mackinaw,"' belonging to the North- west Fur Company, were employed to bring them, but occupied so much time on account of adverse winds that the "Beaver" was ordered back from Sandusky. The "Mackinaw," as has l)een stated, brought the lug- gage and tlie infirm, while the rest came on foot or in Ciinoes, under the leadership of Hecke welder and Zeisberger. They pitched their cami> on tlio site of Clleveland. One of their number proceeded to Pittsburg to ob- tain provisions, and Zeisberger set forth to explore the river and find a suitable location. On the second day he came to a lofty plateau on the west side of the river, a little below the mouth of what is now called Tinker's creek, where had once stood the Oftau'a vil- lage of which mention has previously been made. There being already sonic partially cleared ground Iiere, and the locality being high and healthy, the missionary selected it as the proper place for his peo- ple. The latter immediately removed their camp thither, and began to erect huts and plant corn, ex- pecting to go to the Muskingum after harvest. TJiey named their temporary abiding [ijace Pilgerruh. By the end of June they were, as they considered, (|uite comfortably housed. Congress had voted them live hundred l)ushels of corn, but it was to be deliv- ered at Fort Mclntosli in the vicinity of the Mus- kingum valley, and thither they never went. They were almost destitute of jirovisions, but tiiey devoted them,selves assiduously to the chase, and with good success — numerous elks being especially named as among the victims of their skill. The man sent to Pittsburg also returned with an order from Duncan & Wilson, directing the agent in charge of their pack- train to sell Zeisberger, on credit, all the flour the Indians needed. A large quantity of goods also arrived, which had been devoted to their use by the Moravian churches at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, three years before, but had failed to reach them on account of their distant wanderings. Thus their immediate wants were relieved, and on the i:3th of August they celebrated the Lord's Supper, lint their friends at Pittsburg assured them that they could not return to their lauds on the Muskingum without great pro- bability of another bloody outbreak on the part of the frontiersmen. So they concluded to remain, at least through the winter, on the Cuyahoga. The good missionaries were sadly troulilc^l about those Indians who had formerly Ijelonged to their congregation, but who had apostatized to paganism. In September Zeisberger sent to the apostates some of his most trusty converts, bearing a very pathetic "speech,'" beseeching them to return; but all in vain. Samuel Nanticoke, one of Zeisberger"s delegates, met his brother, who had apostatized, and added his own entreaties to those of the missionary, but the son of the forest fiercely rejected his pleadings, saying: "By the waters of the Tuscarawas the whites gained the end for which they strove so long. There lie all our murdered friends. I avoid the whites and flee from tiieni. No man shall induce me to trust them again. Never, while I live, will I unite with you Christians. If your town were near, I might perhaps visit you, but that would be all. Our fore- fathers went to the devil, as 3'ou say, and wl)ere they are I am content hereafter to be."' In October the houses of the Moravians, rude Imt comfortalde, were completed, and promised sullieient shelter through the coming winter. llecke welder thereupon left the mission, with which he had so long been connected, for the East; leaving Zeisberger in charge, assisted by a lately arrived brother named William Edwards. Ileckewelder con- tinued to labor as a minister until his death, many years afterward, and was the author of a valualde work on the Indians, from which most of these facts, relating to the transient Moravian colony in Cuya- hoga county, have been derived. Zeisberger was fearful lest the Indians under his charge should become a burden on tlie Moravian mission board, and, having labored l)eyond his strength to prevent it, fell seriously ill. The mission l)oard heard of this with deep regret, and united in a remonstrance, urging him to draw on them for what he might need. After their cabins weiv coin- pleted. the Indians labored zealously to build a chapel, in which divine service inight be held. It was soon finished, and was consecrated on the lOlh of November. As stated a short distance l)ack, it was in this year (ITSt!) that Connecticut ceded to the Confederation ail the western lands which she claimed, except what now constitutes the "Western Reserve." This ces- sioji was made on the 14th dayof September. About the same time the legislature of that State authorizeil three of its citizens to sell all that part of the l>e- serve lying east of the Cuyahoga river and the port- age jiath; that is, all to which the Indian title had been extinguished. It was to be sold in townships of six miles square, at not less than three New England shillings {(ilty cents) per acre. Five hundred acres were to be reserved in each township for the sui)port of ministers, and five hundred for the support of schools. 'I'he first minister in each township was also to receive two hundred and forty acres besides. Until a republican government should be established there, the law declared that the general assembly of Connecticut should provide for the maintenance of order among the settlers. It was evident that that State still claimed not only the title to the land of the Western Reserve, but the political jurisdiction over its inhabitants. But the land was so far from the older settlement that no sales of anv extent could THE PEKIOD FROM 17s;i TO i;'.i4. 35 be made, the surveys were not executed, and the wliole scheme fell to the ground. Lalo in the autumn of 1780, the two selioouers of (ho Northwestern Fur Ooiniiany, the " Beaver" and the "Mackinaw," were coming up the lake, on their way to Detroit. It wa.s snowing fast when they arrived, late in the afternoon, in tlie vicinity of the tUiVuhoga. and tliey both tried to run into that river foi- .sliellcr. Both failed. The; '• licavcr," com- manded by Captain 'riiorn, was driven asiiore near liie |)resent foot of Willson avenue, in the city of Cleveland; but, so far as we can judge from the vague accounts which have come down to us, without loss of life. The captain and crew of the "Mackinaw" were not aware of tiie wreck of the " Beaver," and after tiiey had ridden out the storm sailed away to Detroit. This was the last trip of the season, and the lake would soon be frozen up;soCai(tainThorn and his men did not tiiink it advisal)le to attempt escaping until ,-;|iiiiig. They accordingly built a cabin on the bank of Ihe lake, opposite the wreck, and prepared to winter there. There were three small brass (ield-pieces on I he schooner, as seems to have been the custom on the Fur Company's vessels, which fiv([uently had to visit regions which might be infested with hostile Indians. These were taken ashore, greased, plugged up, wrapped in pieces of sail, and buried on the shore between the wreck and the cabin. From Ca))t,ain Thorn's subseipient statements it ap- jiears there was then an India'i-trader by the name of \\ illianis at the mouth of liocky river, from whom he hiiught provisions when the stock taken from the ves- sel ran low. Mr. Williams is mentioned in no other aeeount, and it is not known how long he had been at the point nienlioned. From the fact that he is not spoken of by Mr. Hillman, who came to the mouth of till' (luyahoga six times during the summer of 178li, and would undoubtedly have hoard of him if he had then been at Uocky river, it may be presumed that Mr. Williams did not locate there until the fall of that year — but this is (piite uncertain. Ca[>tain Thorn also bought some provisions of the Moravians, lie and his crew remained through the winter, but left with the opening spring, lie con- tinueil to sail the lakes or to live near them all his life, lie was a Canadian, but took the side of the United States during the warof 1S1"3. lie afterwards resided on the St. Clair river, in Michigan, uidil his death, which occurred about twenty years ago; he being then nearly a hundred years old. He was well known to many of the early settlers of Cleveland, especially to Captain Allen (iaylord, from whose man- uscript stalement, pn.'servi^d in the archives of the Historical Society, the above facts are mostly ob- tained. .Meanwhile Zeisberger and his followers were in great perplexity as to what they should do next. Pilgerruh was not considered a desirable residence. They would all have been glad to return to the .Mus- kingum, but feared attacks both from frontiersmen and hostile Indians. Their kindred Ddatoares of- fered them an abiding place at Sandusky. At length iJiey determined to go to the mouth of Black river. They celebrated Lent and Easter at Pilgerruh, and then prepared for their journey. On the 19th of April the persecuted little band as- sembled for the last time at their chajiel, and joined in i)rayer to God with hearts apparently still devoted to their religion, notwithstanding all they had suf- fered from those who called themselves the chainjiions of that faith. Their simple service being concluded, they immediately set forth. One party went by land undi'r Zeisberger, while the rest entered their canoes and followed the lead of Edwards down tlio river. Ei-e they could reach the lake a great storm checked their progress; so they remained to fish. The chron- icler of their movements narrates that in one night's work with torch and spear they obtained three hun- dred lisli of good ipiality, weighing from three to lif- leen iHuinds each. What they did not want to eat they ilried for future use. They then [iroceeded to their destination, where both jiarties arrived on the 24th and 2.5th of April, having dwelt in the territory of Cuyahoga county about ten months and a half. Their fortunes, after leaving our county, were al- most as sad as before. Scarcely had they reached Black river when they were driven on to Sandusky by the hostile Ddawarvs. They remained there till 17'J0, when, being again ordered by their jealous kinsmen to remove into the western wilderness, they besought the aid of the British commander, who took them to the banks of the Thames river, in Canada. In 171)7 the lands they had occupied on the Mus- kingum were conveyed to them by the United States, and a part of them returned thither. These, too, subseiincntly soltl their lands and improvements to the United States and returned to Canada, where their descendants still reside. In .Inly, 17S7, the Congress of the Confederation passed an ordinance organizing the vast district be- tween the Ohio, the great lakes and the Mississippi, under the name of the "Northwestern Territory," and providing for civil government over it. They also elected (Jeneral Arthur St. Clair as governor, together with a secretai'y and three judges. The ordinance was drawn by Nathan Dane, of Ma.ssachusetts, and pro- vided that from all the territory thus organized slavery should be forever excluded. Connecticut j'rotested against the iiu-lusion of the Western Keserve in the new Territory, but without elfect. It was not till the next spring (1788) that the first white settlement was [ilanted in the present State of Ohio; the location being at Marietta, at the mouth of the Muskingum. When Covernor St. Clair and the judges (in whom the temporary legislative power was vested) arrived in the new Territory, they ])roceede<1 on the 27th of July, 1788, to form the county of Wash- ington, of which Marietta was made the county .scat, and which extended from the Ohio to Lake Erie, with the Cuyahoga river and the portage path as its west- 30 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. eru bouncliiry; thus embracing tlie eastern 2)art of the present county of Cuyahoga. The section thus in- cluded was a hundred and fifty miles distant from the county seat, at Marietta, but as no one resided here that was of little consequence. In 1789 the first congress under the Federal Con- stitution re-enacted the ordinance of 1787; thus giv- ing the Northwestern Territory a permanent position in the new political arrangement. The same year another treaty was made at Fort Ilarmar, by which the Indians again ceded to the United States the country west of the Cuyahoga and the portage path. .About this period, or a little later, one Josei)h Du Chatar had a trading post on the west side of the Cuyahoga, some nine miles above the mouth. Jean Baptiste Fleming and Josci)h Burall were with him a part of the time. Du Chatar, then in middle age, ]>ad been from his youth in the employ of the North- western company, and afterwards described the mouth of the Cuyahoga as having been one of their princi- pal points for the sale of goods and purchase of furs. At the time mentioned, however, he wtis trading for himself. Large profits were usually made by the early fur- traders, but there were some serious drawlnicks. At one time Du Chatar and his companions had a sharp conllict with some Indians over the ownership of a rifle. At another time a number of then> demanded liiiuor, which Du Chatar refused to let them have, either because they could not ])ay for it or because he thought tiieni already too well supplied. They at- tacked his cabin, which he and his men defeuded with their rifles. Some of the Indians were killed and the rest retreated. It would seem to have been very dan- gerous to remain in the country after that, but the French had ways of conciliating the savages which hardly any one else could imitate. In 1790, the western Indians engaged in open hos- tilities against the frontier, and General Ilarmar marched against them, only to be defeated. This was followed the next year by the defeat of Governor St. Clair, at the head of anotlier army. The Indians became extremely elated, and it began to look as if the course of westetn emigration was to be i)erina- ncntly checked. Of course, under these circumstances, there was no sale for frontier land, and the Western Iteserve remained on the hands of the Stale of Con- necticut. In 1792, that State gave five hundred thousand acres off from the west end of the Reserve, for the l)eiiefit of those of her citizens who had suffered from the burning of their pi'operty by tlie British during the Revolution. This tract was commonly called the " Fire Lands," and has been considered as a distinct section under that inme ever since, although a part of tiie original Western Reserve. Meanwhile, the administration of President Wash- ijigton was making constant efforts to conciliate the Indians, and secure a j)ermanent jieacc. In 17'.i3, General Benjamin Lincoln, Hon. Beverly Randolph, and Colonel Timothy Pickering, jiostmaster-general of the United States, commissioners ai)pointed by the President, passed up the south shore of Lake Erie, on their way to Detroit, still held by the British, to endeavor to make a treaty with the hostile Indians. This effort, like all the others, was in vain. But in 1794:, JIad Anthony Wayne went out to the West, at the head of a well appointed army, and inflicted a terrible defeat on the horde of warriors who ventured to confront him. Another treaty was made, which, being authorized and sanctioned by victory, was well observed by the red men. So far as this part of the Territory was concerned, AVayue's treaty merely eonfirmed the line previously drawn along the center of the Cuyahoga. All the eleven tribes who joined in the treaty agreed to acknowledge the United States as their sole sni)erior, and never to sell any of their land to any one else. CHAPTER YIL SALE AMD SUKVEir. Connecticut sells Three Milliiiu Acres in a Botlj'— Names of the Pur- chasers-Formation of the ConnecUcut Land Company— A Deed of Trust— The Excess Company — First Directors of the Connecticut Com- pany— The plan of Survey and Division decided on--The first Survey Party— Its Leadei*s and Surveyoi's — British Annoyance— A Council at Buffalo— Arrival at Conneaut— Trouble among the Employees— How it was Settled- Beginning: of the Surveys— Gen. Cleaveland conies to the Cuyahoga- The Firet Wliite Family— Tracing the Coast Line- Laying off Townshij^s - Chagrin River mistaken for the Cuyahoga— Organization of Wayne County — Directors Impatient— Laying out of Cleveland— A Bear in the liiver— The Party stArt east but return- Formal Agreement to let the Surveyors have Euclid— Rough Weather —The Return— Persons left at Cleveland -Gen. Cleaveland's subse- quent Career— Poller's Later Life— Annual Meeting of the Land Com- pany—Failure of the Excess Company— Alexander Henry's Claim— The survey Party of irUT-Its Officers, etc-lt goes to the Reserve- The Fii'st Funeral - Rations for the Survey<-»rs- Kingsbury, Carter and Hiiwley— The First Marriage-D. & G. Bryant and R. Edwards— Form- ation of Jefferson County — Atwater's Adventure- Tinker's Creek— Sicknesss— Health on the Ridge. Wayne's victory and treaty caused many eyes to turn toward the Western Reserve, as a more secure and desirable place of residence than it had previously been considered. At the session of 1795, the legisla- ture of Connecticut abandoned the idea of dividing up the Reserve in small tracts and selling it out, and adopted a new system. A commission of eight citi- zens was appointed, one from each county, who were authorized to sell three million acres adjoining Penn- sylvania for not less than one-third of a dollar per acre; the whole to be solil before any part of it was conveyed. The jiurchasers were to take all risks, and were to receive their deeds by shares, not by acres; being then obliged to divide the land among them- selves ;is best they could. The scheme seems to have been ijuite popular, and the commission succeeded in selling the whole tract by the first of Sei)teinber, 1795, at forty cents per acre making the total amount one million two hun- dred thousand dollars. The purchasers were Joseph SALK AND SUnVEY. 37 Ilowliiud, Daniel L. Coit, Elias Morgan, Caleb At- \v;i(er, Daniel llolbrook, Josi'j)li Williams, William Ixivc, William Jiidd, Kiislia Il.yiie, Uriali 'J'nK'cy, Jaiiios Johnson, Samuel Mallier, Jr., E|iliraim Kirliy, l"]|ijali Boartlman, Uriel Holmes, Jr., Solomon (iris- wold, Oliver I'hclps, Gitleon (Jran^er, Ji-., William Hart, llonry Clianipion, 2nd, Aslier Miller, Uolierl ('. .lolinson, Epliraim Root, Nehemiali lliihhard, Jr., Solomon Uowles, Asaliel Hathaway, John Caldwell, I'l'leL;' Sanford, Timothy Unrr, Luther Loomis, Ehen- e/.er Kinu, Jr., William Lyman, John Stoddard, David Kin<;, Mo.se.s Cleaveland, Saninel P. Ijord, li'ducr Newberry, Enoch I'erkins, Jonathan Hraei', Lphraim Starr, Sylvanus (Jriswold, Joseb Stoekiiii;', Joshua Slow, Titus Street, James Hull, Aaron Olni- sUd, .John Wylcs, Picrjioint Edwards. 'I'he subscriptions were of all sizes, from oiu' of onc^ lliDUsand six hundred and eighty-three dollars, made by Sylvanus Criswold, up to that of Cliver I'lielps, who subscribed one hundred and sixty-eight thousand one hundred aiul eighty-live dollars alone, and eighty thousand dollars in company with (Jideon (i ranger, Ji-., but were generally in sums of from ten tlum- sand to thirty thousand dollars. Henry Champion, >'nr the com|tany. It will be understood that a large part of the three million acres purchased was known to be on the west side of the Cuyahoga, and it was, thei'i'fore, known that it could n(jt be divided until (he Indian right of occupancy was extinguished by purchase. It was supposed, howevei', that there was considerably more than three million acres in the Re- serve, exclusive of the "Fire Land.s," and several gentlenuMi jjroposed to lake the balance from the State. They were commonly called the "Excess Company," anil until the huul was surveyed it was supposed they would secure a large tract. By the articles of association, the maiuigement of the company's concerns was intrusted to seven direi;- tors, who were instructed to proceed as rapidly as ])ossible to sell that portion of the tract east of the Cuyahoga. For the purpose of electing (dlicers and nuiking assessments, the whole was divided into four hundred shares of three thousand dollars c^ach; dis- tributed among the various ])roprietors in pro[>ori.ion to (he amounts they had subscribed. The lirst board of directors consisted of Oliver l'hel|is, Henry Champion, 2d., Moses CleavelamI, Samuel W. John- son, Ephraim Kirby, Samuel Mather, .Jr., and Itoger Newberry. The articles of association also i)rovidc(l ihiit the tract should be surveyed into townships live miles sipiare; that part- east, of the (Cuyahoga as soon as possible, and the ivst. when the Indians wi're bought out,. Six townships of the I'ormei' port ion were to be S(dd to pay the general ex|)enses. l<'our moi'e were to be divided into a hundred lots each, nniking four humlrcd lots of a huiulred and sixty acres each, which were to be conveyed to the ownei-s of the four liundred shari's res[)ectively. The remaindir of (he tract east of the Cuyahoga was to be divided into jiortions, of wiiich the best township was (o form the basis; other townships to be brought up (o the standard liy dividing some of them into fractions, and adding them to the rest. The jjart'west of the river was subseijuently to be divided in the same way. 'I'lie board of directors selected Gen. Mo.ses Ck'aveland, a lawyer of Canterbury, Windham county, thenalMiul forty years old, to act as tlu' general agent of the com|iany and numage the survt^ys easi of the Cuya- hoga, which it was expected would all be coniiilcted the next year. During the winter of i;'.i-">-i( further |u-e[iara( ions were made, and in the spring of the latter yeara large surveying party was oi'ganized. (leneral Cleavelatid was superiiit,endent; Augustus Porter, who was a na- tive of Connecticut but had been engaged for many years on important sui'veys in western New York, was (he principal surveyor ami deputy superin(endenl : Seth Pi'ase was astroiu)nu'r and surveyor; Amos Spat- ford, John M. Holley, l.'ichard M. StoddanI and Moses Warren were the surveyors; Joshua Stow w;is the commissary, and Dr. Theodore Shepard was the j)hysician of the parly There were also thirty-six other (Mni)loyees, including chainuK'n, axemen, cooks, e(c. 'i'he exi>edit ion .set fordi in May. CeiU'ral Cleave- land and most of the members came by way of Alba- ny, Syracuse, (Janandaigua, etc., (o Buffalo. Mr. Slow, with several men, took the provisions, instru- ments and oilier freigiit in four large boats by way of the Oswego river. Lake Ontario and the Niagara 38 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOCxA COUNTY. river. Oswego, like the other frontier posts, was still in the hands of the British, and their officers seemed anxious to annoy tlie Americans in every possible way. Mr. Stow applied to the commandant at Oswe^^o for permission to pass with his boats, but was ])eremptorily refused. In vain he rei)resentcd tliat without the instruments and provisions which he had witli him tlic survey party could not begin work, and tiiat the greatest inconvenience would be sure to result; tlie otTicer was inexorable. Finally, Mr. .Stow ai)parently gave up the contest, and retired up tiie river with his boats. The first dark night, liowcver, the flotilla sped quietly down tlie stream, glided undiscovered jiast the sleepy sen- tinels, and escaped into Lake Ontario. Tlie deten- tion, however, caused the boats to be cauglit in a severe storm on tiie lake, in wliicii one of tliem was stove up and another uf theui seriously injured. What made the alfair more provoking w;is that both Fort Ontario, at Oswego, and Fort Niagai'a, at the moutli of tiie river of that name, were about to be delivered to the United States, under the provisions of Jay's treaty. Fort Ontario was thus surrendered on the fourth day of July following, and Fort Niag- ara still earlier; so that when the boats of the survey party approached the latter post the men saw with delight the stars and stripes floating over its ramparts. On the 31st of June the Sir. Natiuns held a council at Buffalo, at which General Cleaveland was present, together with some whom the surveyors called west- ern Indians, but whom from the circumstances we should infer to have been Miiltnirkx, who lived west of Buffalo, in Canada. Notwithstanding the numer- ous treaties by which the claims of these Indians to the country east of the Cuyahoga were supposed to be extinguished, they si ill put forth some preten- sions to it, and it was thought better to conciliate than to o})pose them. The celebrated Joseph Brant, or Thayendenegea, was the principal manager on the part of the Six Nutions, and gave General Cleaveland a "speech" in writing, but the ecpuilly distinguished Red Jacket was the principal orator. The council was adjourned over the 3"2n meridians, as hefore stated, began to run jiarallels fniin (he Pennsylvania line to the Cuyahoga. Warren ran the line between townships six and seven (Hed- I'oicl •Mild VVarrensville); I'case between t.ownshii)S seven anil eight (Warrensville and Euclid): S|i,ilfi)ril anil Stoddard between (owiishiiis eight- ami nini', (Maylieldand Willoughby); and HoUey still farther mirth. Pease's line ran through the present city of < 'leveland. No one knew anything about the Chagrin river, and every surveyor, when he I'eached it in run- ning his ]iarallcl, suiijiosed it to be the Cuyahoga and Went down to the mouth hefore discovering his mis- take. We may mention, in j>assing, tliat Wayne county was organized by the authorities of the Northwest Territory on the 15th of August in this year, nonii- nally embracing the whole tract from the Cuysihoga westward and northward hcyond Detroit, which place was made the county scat. Thus the (Miunty seats ( Marietta and Detroit) of the two counties (Washing- (iiii and Wayne) which then embraced the ])rcsent Cuvahoga were over three bund rcil miles apart. As all of this county west of the river was still Indian land, the formation of Wayne county had no practical ell'eel here; nor was any jiart of I his county ever ac- tiiallv oi'gaiii/.eil in ciinnecl ion witheillier Washington or \\ ayiie. .August and Sejitember ]iasscd raiiidly away in the task of surveying the various lines. Ilolley and Pease left journals describing their lalmrs, hut, of eoui'se iiuly a small ])orlion of them were peii'oniieil in ('ny- ahoga county, and, moreover, the mere deiails of the distances .ami courses whirli they ran on sueeessivc days would hardly he interesting to our readers. .As indicative of the |)riiiiitive utensils employed in their traveling kitidicn, we may notice Ilolley "s memoiaii- iliim that at tlie( Ihagrin river the cook got mad heeausc I he liark would not jieel, so that he had nothing to niiv hread on, and declared that he could give the jiarly nothing to eat. One of the men, however, solved the dirticulty by mixing the Hour in a bag, thus restoring serenity to the cook and food to the party. .Meanwhile the board of directors at Hartford he- came impatient to have the land divided among the prnprietors, and on the 2(ith of August wrote to Cli^aveland, constituting him. Stow, Porter and the four other surveyors a committee to eipiali/.c and di- vide the land ea.st of the Cuyahoga, according to the plan already mentioned, and urging him to accoin- lilish the work that season if possible. 'J'his, how- ever, w;us entirely impracticable. It had from the lirst been determined by the direc- tors to lay out one '-eaiiital town," or city, at the most eligible place on the Reserve, the township around which was to be cut into smaller lots than the rest of the tract, which were to be sold to actual setlfers. The select ion was doiihlless left to (ieneral ("leavcland, to he iiiailc on the ground. lie selected the site at the mouth of the Cuyahi>ga. Porter ran out the streets of the eiiihryo city, and left Ilolley to survey it into lots. Only twelve streets and lanes were then laid out. uhieh might fairly he considered siilbcient, as there was not a solitary permanent resident of the "city." Cleaveland bestowed his own name upon the place, and it was forthwith dubbed the '"City of Cleaveland.'* The township around it, however, was at lirst (tailed "Cuyahoga town," The locality at the mouth of the river is also sometimes nienlioned in the surveyors' minutes as "Cuyahoga," but after Septem- ber. ITOC), is always "Cleaveland." The morning of the 31st of Sc])tenihcr the survev- ors. to the number of about thirty, who had collected at the "city," found themselves without meat, and with only a little Hour, two cheeses and some choco- late, in the way of jirovisions. It would not do to start into the woods again, nor even to wait long where they were. While they were wondering at the non- arrival of expected provisions from Conneaut, and debating as to what next should be done, a shout was hoard, and a bear was discovered swimming across the river from the west side. Instantly every man was on his feet. Poitcr anil Ilolley jumped into a canoe and paddled toward the shaggy visitor; anoth- er mail went up the shore with a, gun, and (rhe rest of the shouting emwd assemliled to stop the brute as soon as he should reach the land. They succeeded only too well, for the noise and confusion were such that the animal took the alarm, swam hack to the western shore and esca[)eil. .Vs a eoinpcusatien for this loss, Ilolley's journal notes imiiuHliately afterwards: "Miinson caught a rattlesnake, which we lioiled and ate." l>y I they had liccomc so well assured thai no provisions were coming from Conneant that they all set out for that place in two boats and a bark canoe. After sailing about eight miles, however, they met a party with cattle and provisions, and returned to the Cuyahoga with much lighter hearts than when they left it. On arriving after dark t hey saw a lire hla/.ing on the western shore. As they passed it, they dis- charged a Volley from their ritles hy way of a salute, in honor of the sojourners who had built the lire, and in aeeordance with a custom wliicli seems to have been (|iiit(' common on the frontier, among both whites and Indians. The travelers were discovered to bo a parly of (irand river Indians, who had been west, hunting. After a week more of surveying in the vicinity of the river, the whole party a.ssenililed at its mouth on the .'50th of Septenibcr, when the informal agreement made at Conneaut, in tlie forepart of July, was re- duced to a written (;ontract. in which " Cleaveland " is lirst mentioned as the name of the embryo city at the moiiLli of the Cuyahoga. Muses Cleaveland 40 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. signed the eon tract on tlie jiart of the company, while forty-one of tlic employees put their hands to it in their own l)elia]f. Six of tlie employees, including Joshua Stow, were iiot parties to the arrangement. The towushi]) which tliey selected was number eiglit in tiie eleventh range, lieing the one next down tiie lake from Cleveland. With great propriety, consid- ering tiiat tliey were all surveyors or assistants, and that surveying is eminently a mathematical profes- sion, they gave to their new township the name of the great Greek mathematician, P]uclid. The sug- gestion is credited hy Mr. Holley to Moses Warren. Each (if the men was to serve the company faithfully till the end of the season, and was to have an eipial share in the township at. a dollar an acre, on making certain improvements, 'i'hese were carefully speci- fied in the contract, and are more fully set forth in tlu^ township history of Euclid. On the same day the em|)loyees held a meeting, at which they ai-ranged the order in which they would make their imjirovemcnts, and transact other husi ness.. The record of their proceedings was also dated at the "City of Cleaveland,"and the locality has ever since retained that name, except that the "a" has Imtm discarded. (Ill the teiilh of Oct.oher, Surveyor llolley imtes in his journal (Jiat he willi his l)arty "left Cleaveland at the iiioiith of the ( 'iijahoga, to finish dividing the east part of the township into lots." By the sixteenth the weather hegan to iiilriiVre seriously with their Work. Oil tlial day .Mr. 11. metions that they came into caiiii) wel and cold, hut after "pushing the bot- tle and getting a tire and some sujiper, all wei'c as merry as grigs." Hut Gen. Cleaveland evidently thought that, considering the long Journey before them, it was time to lie starting homeward. He and the majority of the men appear to have left about the sixteenth, and on the eighteenth Porter, Holley, Pease, Stoddard, Atwater and nine others set out for their distant and much-longed-for homes. The only white persons left on the Reserve were .lob N. Stiles and Tabilha his wife, and Joseph La.n- don. These were siip[ilied with jirovisions for the winter, and then abandoned to a solitude almost as complete! as that of Selkirk on his island. To be sure there were plenty of Indians and squaws, but consid- ering that many of the former had been, not long be- fore, in arms against the United States, and were liable at any moment to break out again, it would seem as if their absence woulil have lieen more desir- able than their company. The object in leaving Mr. and Mrs. Stiles in this isolated locality is not certainly known, but it was ])robably thought that the buildings would be less lia- ble to be destroyed if some one was in charge of them, and if any tools or other property were left behind, it was absolutely necessary that some one should kee}i watch of tlieni: for the noble red men, though civil enough in their ordinary intercourse with the sur- veyors, would certainly have lieen unable to resist the temptation presented by any thing they could con- veniently carry off. I Landoii, who had been connected with the survey I party, proliably inlcnded to trade with the Indians. He soon left, however, his place Ijeing taken by Ed- ward Paine, afterwards known as General Paine of Painesville, who hoarded with Stiles, and was cer- ■ tainly at that time an Indian-trader. He was the first resident in the county unconnected with the silrvey- party. The nearest white neighbors were at a settle- ment made that fall in the [)resenttown of Willougli- liy, Geauga eonnly. Tradition asserts that the first white child born in this county came to light in the cabin of Job and Tabitha Stiles, in the winter of 17!)0-7, and that a sipiaw acted as its nurse, but tliere is no positive evidence. All the party, except those who remained at Cleve- land, I'eached their distant homes withoutmore serious dilliculty than was necessitated by a journey of six or .seven hundred miles, largely through the wilderness. Neither General Cleaveland nor Mr. Porter ever re- turned to the Reserve, unless possibly t.he latter may have done so as a casual traveler. General Cleave- land continued to [iractice his profession in his native town of Canterbury, sometimes representing it in the State legislature, and always occupying a prominent position among his fellow citizens, until his death in ISik;. Though, as before stated, he never returned to the Reserve, yet he always manifested a warm in- terest in its welfare, and especially in the village which he had founded and which bore his name. Oiu' cannot luit regret that he was not spared to .see at least the beginning of its greatness as a city. Augustus Porter soon after settled at Niagara Falls, where he became one of the leading men of western New 'i'oik. He erected extensive mills there, and was also the first man who built a bridge from the mainland to Goat Island. In isos, he was apjiointed the first lu-esiding judge of the court of common pleas of Niagara county, New York, (of which Hiitfalo was then the county seat), a post which he held for thir- teen years. He died at Niagara Falls at a very advanced age. Judge Porter was an elder brother of Peter 15. I'orter, the distinguished general in the war of 1812, and secretary of war under President J. t^. Adams. In .January, IT'.lT, the members id" the C'onuectieut Land Conijiany held their annual meeting. There was much complaint of the large cost of the work of the past year, but after an investigation by a commit- tee the i)roceedings of the directors and superintend- ent were entirely apjiroved. Cleaveland's agreement with Brant and the other chiefs at Buffalo was also ratified. The stock liolders were seriously discomiiosed by another matter. Mr. IVn-t.er. having during the sea- son made a travei'se of the line of the Reserve along Lake Erie, now reju)rtcd that the total contents of the original tract were only three million four hun- dred and fifty thousand seven hundred and fifty- SALE AND SUnVEY Ijircr ;icivs, ami tliat, ul'lcr ilciliicting the five liuiulrcil tlioiisaml acrus granted to tlie sniTerers by Britisli K|i<)liation, (coiniiionly ("illoJ the Fire Laiuls,) there remained only two million nine hnndred and lifly Ihniisand .seven hnndred and lifty-thrcc acres for the ( 'iiiinecticut Laud Coinj)any. This was about fifty Ihonsand aeres less than they had bought. Aforeover, the ''Excess Company," the mend)ers of which had been jiaying fant^y }iriee.s for a share in the snr|)lns of the Western Reserve above three million acres, (l((\sides the "Fire Lands") .snddeidy fonnd that there was no surplus, and many of them bcranu! bankrupt on accounl, of the discovery. Fault- was l'i>nnd with l'orter"s snrve\-. but siibscrpient woik show('(l that the estimated ainount- was too large rather tlian too small; a very clo.se computation by Leonard Oa.se making tiie whole amount in the Re- serve, besides the Fire fjands, two million eight luin- dred aniiig-Mill~Kingsbupy's Hand Grist- mill—Lack of Medicine- Annual Indian Hunts in Cuyahoga County — Annual Drunks- C'arter's Quarrel with Indians -His Influence over thera-Fishiug at Rocky River— The First Gristmill-The Surveyor give up Euclid— The Fii-st Sawmill The First School -Formation ot Trumbull County -First Klection in it —First Court of Quarter Sessions ot Trumbull -First Justices of the Peace from the Present Cuyahoga -Organization ot Civil Townshi|is -Boundaries of Cleveland— First Constables— Kirtland's Remonstrance against High Prices. As before stated, it liad been decided by the direc- tors to take some of the most valuable townships as the standard, aivd bring the others up to that stand- ard by the addition of fractions. Those selected by the committee as the most valuable in the vehole Re- serve (outside of those chosen to be sold for the gen- eral benefit), were townships five, six and seven of range eleven, and townshii) eleven of range seven; now, respectively, Middleflcld in Summit county, Bedford and Warrensville in Cuyahoga county, and Perry in Lake county. At their annual meeting on the 2.Sd ui January, 1798, the stockholders confirmed the action of the directors, in giving a city lot, a ten-acre lot and a hun- dred-acre lot to Mrs. Stiles, a hundred-acre lot to Mrs. Gun, and a hundred-acre lot to James Kingsbury; also a city lot to Nathaniel Doan, conditioned on iiis living on it as a blacksmith. At the same time an- other assessment of twenty dollars a share was ordered ; thirty-five dollars a share having already been raised during the preceding summer. The question of political jurisdiction was still not quite decided, but the stockholders offered all their po- litical authority, more or less, to Congress; at the same time requesting that the authorities of tiie Northwest Territory should form a new county, to embrace the AVesteru Reserve. Some small donations of land were also offered to actual settlers. A committee reported in favor of building a road near Lake Erie from the Pennsylvania line to Cleveland, with a branch to the salt springs in the present county of Mahoning. The stockholders voted that the fifteen hundred dollars promised to the Lidians, through Brant, should be paid to the United States superintendent of Indian affairs, to bo divided among the Six A'dfiiHin as he siiould think just. On the 39th of the same month tlie stockholders were again convoked by the directors to receive the report of the committee on partition, consisting of Pease, Spafford, Warren and ITol brook. Six town- ships were to be sold for the general benefit; two ot them being Euclid and Cleveland (then including Newburg) and four being outside of Cuyahoga county. Four other townships (Warrensville, Bedford and twi) outside tiie county) were drawn in four hundred parcels, one to each siiare. All tiu^ rest of the Re- serve east of the Cuyalioga was drawn in ninety- three jiarcels; each consisting of a towiisbi[i or more. These, as before arranged, were received by the ]iro- prietors, who clubbed together in groups for the pur- pose; each group dividing its portion among its mem- bers as they could agree. This ended the direct connection of Mr. Pease with the Connecticut Land Company. He was afterwards employed by the " Hol- land (!iuiipany " in surveying its land, which com- prised six or eight of the westernmost counties of New York. When his brother-in-law, Gideon Gran- ger, became j)ostniaster-general of the United States in 1801, Mr. Pease was made assistant postmaster- general. While holding that position he was employed by the government to relocate the south line of the Western Reserve, in 1800. The stockholders were still in trouble because Con- gress had failed to take any special action regarding their territory, and again petitioned the legislature of Connecticut to afford them relief, but that body wisely decided to make no movement which might bring it into collision with the national authorities. Tiie com{)any also voted to give two hundred dollars, or loan five hundred, to any one who would put up a gristmill near the Cuyahoga, and likewise to others, to do the same in other localities. Two more assess- ments were levied, often dollars jier share each. In the spring of 1798 a party of eighteen came out to the Reserve and built a road from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, near the lake shore, which occu- pied tiiem the greater part of the season. The same year Doan, (who had returned from the East to settle,) Edwards, Stiles and Gun followed the example of Kingsbury and located tiiemselves four or five miles each from the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Doan made his home at the point long known as Doan's Corners, and the others along the ridge south from tiiat point. Tiio object of all of them was to escape the ague, then so terribly prevalent in the "city," and to a great extent tliey succeeded. T'lieir removal left the "city" to the occupancy of Mr. Carter, Mr. AmosSpaft'ord, (who came there the same year) and their families, and to Joseph Landon and Stephen Gilbert who cleared land and sowed some wheat. The early accounts speak frenrchased "in bulk " of the nearest trader, with which the Indians would retire to some forest nook and there celebrate their frantic orgies. Sometimes they bought it by the drink; increasing the amount and the frequency as the hours [irogressed. Whichever way was adopted a terrific scene was the result. The warriors, as the whisky mounted t,o their brains, threw off all the usual stolidity of their demeanor; told with braggart shouts of the wars in which they had been engaged aud the number of scal|is they had taken; tore off even the scanty gar- ment they generally wore; rent the air with blood- curdling yells, and often fought among themselves with nature's weapons or such clubs and stones as they could jiick u|i. At such times they frecpiently sought zealously for the knives and rifles of which they had pi'cviously disjiossessed themselves, but the .s 46 GENERAL IILSTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. the tradition goes, diluted the whisky with larger and larger ((iiantities of water, as his customers became more and more intoxicated. The result was tiiat tliey became sober long before they exiiected, and knew that a fraud had been perpetrated. Nine of them came to Carter's cabin in a great rage; swearing vengeance because tliey had l)eeii ciieated out of a part of their drunk. Luckily all their arms were still in the possession of the s(|uaws. They ((uickly burst open the cabin door, but the burly trader, standing behind it, knocked down three or four of tliem as they entered, sprang over their prostrate forms, rushed upon those outside, and drove tlicni, unaccustomed to fist-fights, in tumultuous disorder to their canoes. Ere he returned to the cabin, his other foes gathered themselves up and sli]iped (piietly away. For a while Carter was somewhat anxious lest they sliould all return with their weapons, but instead of that, after a considerable time had passed, a deputa- tion of s(piaws appeared and professed themselves desirous to make peace. The tradei' readily assented, walked over alone to the camp of his enemies, and easily succeeded in pacifying tliem. Wlietiier he was able to convince ti)em that it was a highly moral transaction to water an Indian's whisky when he was getting too drunk, and then knock him down for resenting it, history saith not, but there is no doubt that he exorcised an immense influence over the Indians, and could take liberties with tliem which no one else could. His bold, rough-and-ready ways, his great physical strength, and his expertness as a marksman and hunter, far sujjerior to tlieir own, were all attributes which naturally gained the intense admiration of the rude, untntored children of the forest. Some of them declared he was a magician, and could kill an animal with his riile without breaking its hide. On their way to and from their summer residence, the Indians usually stoj)ped at Rocky river to fish, and this was also a favorite resort of the whites. The former generally fished at night in their canoes, with torclilight and spears; the whites used these means, l)ut also fre(iuently resorted to the hook and line, and sometimes managed to construct a small seine. In the spring, summer and fall of 17!I'.J, W. W. Williams and Major Wyatt built the first gristmill in the present county of Cuyahoga. It was located at the falls of Mill creek, in what was long known as the village of Newburg, but is now a i)art of the city of (Jleveland. 'I'lie Land Company gave the ])roprie- tors a luiiidred acres of land aud all the irons for their mill, in consideration of their ))ntting it up. The irons were the most important part of the struct- ure, as it was absolutely necessary to bring them from the East, while all the rest of the apiiliances could be procured in the vicinity. The water was conveyed in a trough dug out of logs to an undershot wheel, "twelve feet over," which had but one set of arms, with brackets fifteen inches long, running inside the trough. David and Gilman Bryant, who were still engaged in their grind- stone trade from Vermillion river, made the mill- stones out of material obtained by the side of the creek, half a mile below the mill. By this time it had become evident that almost all the surveyors had given up tlieir idea of settling in Euclid, and about all that remains in evidence of their design is the name of the great mathematician, api)lied by tlieni to their favorite township. Other settlers, however, came into that townshiii and Cleve- land, of whom more particular mention will be made in the township histories. The next year, J800, Williams and Wyatt built a sawmill, near their gristmill, on Mill creek; the former, like the latter, being the first institution of its kind in the county. As in the case of tlie first mill, too, the irons for the sawmill were presented by the company. This year was also distinguished by the establish- ment of the first school in the county. It was kept by Miss Sarah Doan in the Kingsbury neighborhood, which, as before stated, was long a part of Newbui-'>-, but has now been absorbed in the omnivorous city. Some important movements were made regarding the fee-simple and the political jurisdiction of the Western Reserve. The United States at length for- mally conveyed all its title to the soil of that terri- tory to the State of Connecticut (by which State it had been legally v.ested in the members of the Land Conij)anyand in the ''Fire Lands" jiroprietors), while on the other hand the State formally released to Hie United States all its claims to the political jurisdic- tion of the territory in question. On the lOth of July, 1800, the legislature of Ohio formed a new county out of parts of Jefferson and Wayne, comprising all of the Western Reserve, in- cluding the "Fire Lands" and the neighboring is- lands in the lake. To this county was given the name of "Trumbull," in honor of Jonathan Trum- bull, then governor of the State of Ccmnecticut, and a son of thecelebrated Revolutionary governor of the same name, who was the original " Brother.Jonathan." The county-seat was located at Warren; the most of the settlers, who were very few, being in the soiilh- eastern corner of the Reserve. On the -i-Znd of September, ISOO. Gov. St. Clan- issued his proclamation, directed to David Abboft, who had been appointed sheriff of Trumbull county, and who lived near the mouth of Chagrin river in the present county of Lake, reiiuiring him to hold an election at Warren on the second Tuesday of October, for the purpose of choosing a representative in the Territorial legislature. The election was duly held at the time and place specified, when only forty-two votes were cast for the whole county of Trumbull; that is to say in the whole Western Reserve. As it was about sixty miles from the county-seat to Cleve- land and the same distance to Conneaut, it is quite probable that some of the voters stayed at home. Edward Paine, whom we have mentioned as living THP] IM*;ilI()I) FROM 18(11 TO lS(ir,. 47 with Ihc Stiles family diuiiijj; the lirst winter tliut Gleveliuul was occupied by wliitc people, received thirty-eight of the forty-two votes, and was declared duly elected. This was the first election in which the settlers on the Reserve had taken part, and they were highly pleased to lind themselves once more perform- ing the accustomed duties of citizens. Afeanwhile, however, the lirst c^ourt of (puirlcr ses- sions had been held at Warren, on the fourth Monday of August, 1800, by the judge of i)robal(^ and the "justices of (|norum"'of the new county. The for- mer was John [icavitt. The latter were .John Young, Tinliand Kii'tland, Camden Oleayeland, HIiphalet Austin ami Janu'S Kingsbury; the last named being the only member fi'om the present county of Cuya- hoga. 'I'be lirst justice of the peace not "of (pio- runi," from tliis county, was Amos Spaiford. The court appointed a commission consisting of Amos SpalTord, David Hudson, Simeon Perkins, John Mi- nor, A, Wheeler, Edward Paine and Benjamin David- son, to report a proper division of TrnmbuU county into townsiii[)S with convenient boundaries. On their report the county was organized in eight linvnships, of which Cleveland was the westernmost. It com|)rised all of Cuyahoga county, together with the townships of Chester, Russell and Bainliridge in Geauga county. It also embraced the wiiole Indian country to the western boundary of the Reserve, (in- cluding the Fire Lands,) which was also the western boundary of the county. Its jurisdiction over the tract west of the Cuyahoga was, however, merely nominal; as there were no white men there to govern, and no one in those days thought of subjecting the Indians on tlieir own ground to civil law. Thus the township of Cleveland had an area of aliout two thou- sand three hundred and forty s<|uare miles; of which, however, only about two hutulred and sixty sipiare miles were oi)en to occupation by the whites. 'I'he next township east of Cleveland was Painesville. The distinction between survey townshi|)s and c:i\ il townships .should always be boriie in mind iiy those studying tlie early histin-y of this section, 'i'hus, while the civil township of Cleveland embraced the immense territory above described, the survey town- ship of the same name comprised only a small district aliout five miles by eight, out of wiiich were after- wards formed the civil townships of (Jlevelaud and Newburg. After the county had been thus divided into town- ships, the court appointed constables for them; thr)sc for f^evelaud lieiiig Stephen (Jilbert and fjorcnzo Carter. In this year Turhand Kirtland, writing to (ii-neral Cleaveland from the town wkich bore the name of the latter, declared that the prices of land were too high; objecting especially to the demand of twenty- live dollars per acre for city lots. lie stated that ibe crop.s were extremely good, the .settlers iiealthy and in good s|)irils, and their numbers increasing as rapidly as could be expected. There was a universal scarcity of cash, however, which of course made pay- ments dillicult. T'he .settlers were anxious that the company should build a store, and take grain and other produce in jiayment for thi-ir land. This, iiow- cver, was not done. CHAPTKR IX. THE PERIOD FROM 1801 TO 1806. Saincii'l lIunliTiKton -No I.aw.s— Oranrt Fimrth of July Ci-li'liralion— (lilrimn nry.ant anil his Lady— The Ball— A Tiav«liiig Minisli'r— First Town .McRtiiiif— First Township Offlceis— Mr. Hnntinglon ninilc .Ins- tion w-Thri> its of Revenge— A Compromise- Two Gallons of Consolation Organization of Militia— (^artt»r elected Captain — A Useless Protest — The Captain promoted to Ma.ior The Sloop Cuyahoga Packet -Purchase of th(> Land West of th(^ Cuyahoga — Proposed Council .at Cleveland -Indians stay Away— Coluicil at San- dusky— Terms of the Treaty Silver in Payment-First Post-Dtllce— Collection-District of Erie— Settlement of Mayndd— Another Mliitia Election— List of Voters- Formation of Geauga County— Survey of West-Side Lands— The Perils of the Lake— A Terrible Scene— Rescue of "Ben" — Loss of the Schooner "Washington." E.vitLY ill the spring of 1801, Samurj Iliint ington, of Connecticut (a nephew of the governor of that State of the same name), who had been examining the lands on the Reserve during the previous summer, and had at the same time obtained admission to the bar of the State, came to Cleveland and selected that point as his future homo. He immediately employed workmen to build him a large, hewed-log hou.se, which, notwithstanding its humble materials, ap- peared fpiite aristocratic in comparison with the cai)ins of the other settlers. He also employed Mr. Samuel Dodge to bnild him a framed l)arn; this being the first framed edifice in the county. The boards were of course oi)tained from Williams and Wyatt's mill at Newburg. Mr. Huntington was the first lawyer in the county. He did not, hcuvever, obtain any considerable prac- tice; for the immigrants from the land of steady haljits were not litigious, and were too few in number to make much business for an attorney. Huntington was evidently ahead of his time, as were many others, in expecting that Cleveland would soon be a large town. In fact no one could have appeared more in- congruous among the rude settlers, the red Indians, the log cabins and the frowning forests of this ex- treme frontier than the slight, dapper counselor, thirty-live years old, about five feet eight inches tall, highly educated, and having actiuired in European travel not only a knowledge of the French language l)ut alislied by Colonel Whittlesey, the appearance and mode of travel of himself and his lady, in terms doubtless applicable with some modifications to many others of the guests. The youthful knight, only seventeen years old, waited on "Miss Doan. who had just arrived at Doau's Cor- ners four miles cast of Cleaveland," and who w;is ]u-obably the daughter of Timothy l»o;ui, who came thither that year but afterwards removed to Euclid. The lady was hut fourteen years old. The cavalier attired himself gorgeously, in what he assures us was the prevailing mode; wearing a suit of gingham, a good, wool hat and a i)air of siihstantial, brogan shoes, llis long hair was bound behind in a (pieue about as long and as thick as an ordinary corn- col), tieil round with ayard and a half of black ribbon, below which the hair extended in a small tuft. Those were the days of jjowdered wigs among the gentry. and the youth came as near the genteel standard as he could by annointing his hair with tallow. anarty success in Ohio, willingly contributed to the advance- ment of the ambitions Cleveiaiuler. who thus mounted rajiidly to high honors. In July, 180,^, Mr. Badger again visited this ]iai't of the Reserve. In his account of his former journe\ he makes no mention of preaching within the limits of Cuyahoga county, hut this year he preached to the live families whom he found at Newhurg, which name had already been given to the settlement around I he mills on Mill creek. Even there, the reverend gentleman coidd liiid no apparent piety. Jn Cleve- land he states there were but two families, though we cannot make out less than three. Fn Euclid, al- together, there were four or live families. About this period the six township.s, reserved as before stated for the general benefit of the Land C'om- pany, were put uj)on the market. The company was grievously disapjwinted at the results, for only very little land was sold and very low prices were obtained. ••t!ity lots" also fell fnmi lifi \ dollars each in cash to lueiity-live dollars on credit. P^migration, at least into I his part of the K'eserve, was very slow — slower IIkhi into almost any other newly op(!ned portion of th(^ lIiiit(Hl States sinc(! tln^ Uev(dutioii. The reason is evident,. When the Conned iciil, Laml Comi)any iumiIc its givat pMrcbasi'. il, w:i,s e\- pec'tcd that large nnmbei's (jf emigi-aiils ucmiM go to New (.!(uiiiecticut by \v:t\ of Laki^ Krie. I!ut erelong the great tract of scvei-a! niillidus of acres in western New York, known iis I he Holland rurchase, was bought from the lndi:iiis aneditions up the river. The sipiMWs bought the gaudiest calicos they ciuild lind ami s(\-irfs of tlu^ brightest hues, and were not averse while ti'ading to exchanging amorous glances with the traders, who were great men because they had so much calico. The warriors, more simple in their desires, bought whisky. 50 GENERAL HISTORY OF CU YAHOO A COUNTY. Among the Indians who frequented the little group of cahins was a Seneca, called by the whites " Big Son," a brother of a chief named Stigwanisli; the latter being a person of considerable influence, to whom was given tlie distinctiveappellation of Seneca — he being considered the especial representative of that powerful Trorjnoi.i tribe, of wlioni only a few were settled in tliis section. Big Son's wife fell sick, and lie employed as iier physician a " medicine-man " be- longing to the Chippewa tril)e, whose name was Mcnompsy— generally abbreviated by the whites to " Nobsy." The squaw died and the disconsolate hus- band attributed her death to the medicine-man. Big Son made some threats, but he was generally consid- ered a coward, oven by his brother, Stigwanish, who had treated him with great coldness in consequencej and it was not supposed there would be any serious results. Late one afternoon Menompsy was in Carter's tav- ern, when the subject of Big Son's threats was intro- duced. " Me no fraid," said the medicine man; "me charmed — no ball, no knife can kill me. See!" he exclaimed, throwing open his blanket and displaying several ugly scai's on various parts of his body, "see where Indian cut me; another Indian shoot me, and me no dead man yet — me no dead man yet.* Shortly afterwards he went down to one of the trading-houses at the foot of the hill. There he met Big Son, whose grief for his defunct spouse had been greatly stimulated by deep potations of Bi'yant's fiery whisky. A fierce altercation ensued, in which the Seneca renewed his threat and Menompsy again re- jieated: "Me no 'fraid — me no 'fraid." They went out of the store together, and asoended the path which wound up the bluff, where Union lane had been laid out and now runs. It was then becoming quite dark. When partly up the hill Big Son held out his hand, as if to shake hands in token of reconciliation. The same instant he drew his knife and plunged it into the side of the unguarded medi- cine-man. The latter fell to the ground, while the Seneca speedily made his way to the encampment of his brethren, below Carter's. An outcry was raised, and several white men came running to the scene— among them Mr. Cartel'. The wounded man looked up in his face, saying: "Me dead man now — yes, Nobsy broke now," and soim afterwards expired. In a short time some (Jliij)pewan took up the body and carried it across the river. There a grand pow- wow was held over it, and yells of revenge resounded through the forest hour after hour. The whites on the cast side were in extreme fear lest the savage Chipjwwas should attcmiit revenge on the small num- licr of Senecas, in which case the settlers were liable to be assailed in the drunken rage of the two parties. The next morning the CMfpewa warriors were seen •This part of the account is derived from Mrs. Miles, before men- tioned, who heard it from lier uncle. Major Carter, immediately after the murder. with their faces painted black in token of war, while it was not doubted that the Otlawast would stand liy their friends against the arrogant Iroquois. Messrs. Carter and Sjjafford interposed, and after some negotiations the wrathful Chippeuuis were in- duced to forego their vengeance on very reasonable terms; to wit, in consideration of a gallon of whisky, which Bryant was to make for them that day. It was agreed, however, that the Indians should remove their fallen brother to Rocky river before going through with the funeral ceremonies; as it was rightly supposed that an Indian "wake " at Cleveland, under the existing circumstances, might be even more dan- gerous than a declaration of war. For awhile tlie warriors waited patiently for the expected wiiisky. But Mr. Bryant, who happened to be busy at something else, with singular recklessness neglected to manufacture the promised peace-offering, and toward night the savages liecame more wrathy than before. They departed for their camp across the river, muttering threats of vengeance, which this time distinctly included the faithless whites. They were again followed by the principal men of the settlement, who solemnly promised that in view of their disai)i)oiiitnient the amount of the peace-otfering should be doubled, and they should certainly receive two gallons of whisky the next day. This time Bryant did not fail to perform, and the Chippewas obtained their consolation in time to remove the body to Rocky river the second day after the murder, accompanied by their friends, the Ollawas. When the mournful but fantastic ])rocession passed out of sight into the western woods, the whites breathed much more freely than they had during the previous forty-eight hours. Meanwhile the murderer and his brother Senecas do not appear to have troubled themselves much about the threats of the western Indians; apparently relying on the valor and warlike skill which jtertaiiied to them as a fraction of the all-conquering Iroquois. No one seems to have doubted that they would have defended Big Son against any attempt at vengeance on the part of the CJiipjmras. So far from being detested as a murderer by his countrymen, the lately despi.sed coward had suddenly become a hero in their eyes. The treacherous method in which vengeance was taken did not affect the glory of the deed, and Stigwanish promptly received his brother into high consideration. Early in 1804 we find the first movement made to organize the militia of this section; an event at that time of considerable imjiortance. The "trainings" were holidays attended by the whole population, and to be a captain or major of militia added in no slight degree to the consequence of the fortunate official. On the sixth of April Major-General Wadsworth issued an order dividing his district into two brigade-dis- tricts, the second of which consisted of Trunifiull county. This again Avas subdivided into two regi- mental districts, the first of which embraced all that part of the county north of the north line of town- sliij) five in the several r;inges; that is, north of North- THE PERIOD FROM ISOl TO ISOG. 51 ik'ld, Twinsburg, etc., iiiid including all of the present Cuyahoga county east of the river, together with Lake, Aslitabiila, Geauga and part of Triinibull coun- ties. It contained eight couijjany districts, the fourth of which comprised the civil township of C'ievuland; tlie boundaries whereof at tliat time have already been described. By the same order the com- ])anies were directed to hold elections on the second of .May following, at which the members of each were to choose their own company oHicers. Accordingly, on the ap])ointed day tlie meml)ers of (he fourth company, first regiment, second l)rig- ade, fourth division, Ohio State militia, assembled at the house of James Kingsbury for the i)urj)ose just mentioned. James Kingsbury, Nathaniel Doan and Henjaniin Gold were elected judges. Tliere was a hot contest for the honors of tlie day, bill the judges decided and certified that Lorenzo C'arter was duly elected captain, Nathaniel Doau lieuteuaut, and Samuel Jones "ensign;" the latter oHicer corresjiouding to a second lieutenant at tlie present time. A protest was, however, put on record l)y eight voters, including several leading citizens, requesting the major-general to set aside the election. They alleged that persons under eighteen, and others not liable to military duty, had voted for the successful men, as well as some who did not reside in the town- shi|i. I'hey also declared Garter ineligible, firstly because he had given spirituous l:i[Uors to the votei's, and secondly because he had frei[uently threatened to set the savages on the inhabitants. The first charge, considering the customs of the period, may be taken fur granted without any evidence, but the latter is so [ireposterous, in regard to a man as pojjiilar as Carter evidently was, that it may safely be peremptorily rejected. N'eiy likely, however, the loud-voiced cap- tain, who, in modern phrase, "talked a good deal with his mouth," may have used some jesting ex- pression in his convivial moments, which could be distorted into sucii a threat. The i)rayer of the ]ii(>- test was not granted by the major-general, and in the liilbtwing August Captain Carter was elected major of the regiment; thus receiving the title by which he was known the remainder of his life. I n this year the sloop "(Juyahoga Packet," of twenty tons, was built at the mouth of Cliagrin river; being the first sail vessel erected in this part of tlie country, though Ijuilt just outside the present liniil-s of the county. The other vessels of American build at this time running on the lake were the " Wasiiinglon," of sixty tons, the " Uarleijuin," the "Good Intent," the " Adams," tlie " Tracy," the " Wilkinson " and the "Contractor." There were also some ves.sels of Canadian build. The most important event of the year ISd."* w;is the making of a treaty, extinguishing the Indian right of occupancy to that part of the Reserve west of the Cuyaiioga river. The lii'st council was agreed to be held at CIcYeland, and was to be attended not only by the western Indians but by a deputation from the Six Nalion.t, who still kept up a kind of shadowy claim to the lands, even west of the Cuyahoga, over which they had once inarched as con(pierors. Accordingly in June thirty Iroquois chiefs, accom- panied by their interpreter, Jas[ier Parrish, came to Cleveland to attend the council. The commissioner for the United States, under whose auspices the whole business was conducted, was Colonel Charles Jewett, a large, powerful man, to whom the Indians lo(jkcd up with the resjiect they seldom refuse to great physical strength. The representatives of the Connecticut Land Company were General Henry Cliaiii[)ion, the first president of the company, Oliver Phelps, and Gideon Granger, jwstmastor-general; while the ])ro])rietors of the Fire Lands were repren- sented by Koger A. Sherman, a distinguished Connec- ticut lawyer, J. Mills and William Dean. For some unknown reason, but probably to enhance the price of their lands by appearing to hold back, the western Indians neglected to come to Cleveland according to their previous agreement. After wait- ing a few (hiys, the commissioners sought out the chiefs of the Chijipviras and Ottawas, who, with a show of reluctance, finally agreed to meet in council with the whites, at what was called Ogontz' Place, now Sandusky City. The usual ceremonies and speech-making were there gone through with, result- ing at length, on the •1th of July, 1805, in the cession by all the Indians of their right to that part of the lieservc west of the Cuyahoga, including the Fire Lands. It was said, at the time, that after the signing of the treaty many of the warriors wept at the thought that they must now yield up their ancient hunting-grounds. A barrel of wliisky was however dealt out to them, which doubtless soon caused their tears to disajipcar. By the treaty, the projirietors of the Fire Lands and the Connecticut Land Comj)any jointly agreed to pay the Indians seven thousand dollars in cash, and twelve thousand dollars more in six equal annual payments. The United States goveiiimentalso .igreed to pay the interest on thirteen thousand seven hund- red dollars forever, to the WyaHilata, the Muiisevs, and to those Seiwcas actually occupying tiie laud. The C/iippewa.s and Ollawas appear to have had no share in the latter payment. William Dean, one of the commissioners, reported the expense of the treaty, aside from the payments, to be ai)out. W^m thousand dollars. This included rum, tobacco, bread, meat, i)re.sents, "expenses of se- nii/liii," and commissions of agents and contractors. Meanwhile the seven tliousand dollars in silver, pro- vided l)y the proprietors to make the first i>ayment on the land, came through from Pittsburg in a wagon, iiy way of Warren to Cleveland, under the escort of seven resolute men, among whom was Major Carter. At C!leveland it was sliipped on boats, and taken to Sandusky. It arrived tiiere the day the treaty was signed, and the next day, together with an ample 53 PxENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. supply of inferior presents, was distributed among the Indians. During this year the first post-office in the county was e.stablished at Cleveland, and on the 33nd of October Elisha Norton was appointed postmaster. Tiie same year the collection-district of Erie was established; embracing the whole southern shore of Lake Erie, with headquarters at Erie, Pennsylvania. Previous to this time there has been no collection of revenues along the lake; tlie amount of trade being too small to justify the expense. The mouth of the Cuyahoga was made a port of entry at the same time, to be under the charge of an assistant collector. John Walworth, of Painesville, was aj)])ointed to that, office, and soon after removed to Cleveland. Another event of the year, showing the gradual spread of the population into the wilderness, was the first settlement in survey towiisiiip number eight, in range ten, now the civil township of Mayfield. On the'^Oth of May, 1805, another military eleer.ion was held for the same company before mentioned, which, however, was now designated as the seventh eomjiany of the second battalion; the regiment, brig- ade and division remaining as before. Nathaniel Doan was elected cai)taiii in place of Carter, promoted to major of the battallion. Samuel Jones was chosen "leuftenant" (as the record says) and Sylvanus linvk (of Euclid) ensign. The judges were Major Carter, W. W. Williams and William Krwin. 'I'iie wIk.Ic number of votoa iiresent was thirty, tweiily-nine of whom voted for Doan and Jones; each of the wortjiv candidates declining teudicular (/m5^^^ (T^ I THE PERIOD FROM Kso: TO 181-2. 53 bliifT, lliey M climbed up tlio rocks as far as they coitlil, and there tliey waited with tlie cokl waters of tlie lake beating coiitiiiiioiisly over tliem, hoping and praying that some chance traveler on tlie Idnff above them might hear their cries, or some jiassing vessel might alford them relief. I'.iil no lra\cler came through the darksome lorest. and, as tlie storm iiii-reasiMl, all vessels remained wilhin the i>ro(ectioM (it the harbors. They were wrecked on Frid;iy. On Saturday the sionn grew more violent, and llielwo ciiildren ])er- islied from I lie chilling effect of the waters which washcil over I hem. On Siimhiy Mrs. Ilnnter snc- ciimlied I o the same angry element and t'\|iired. On Monday her hnshand, exhausted by cold and hunger, also died, leaving the coloreil man. Ken, clinging alone to the wreck and l)reasting the storm, which, however, was now abating. Slill another niglil he remained in his terrible position. (_»n 'I'ursday soiiu' Freiicii traders, who had started in a boat from Cleve- land for Detroit, saw poor J?en on his dismal pendi. took him on board, tni-ned about and ciii-ried him back to Clevelaml. 'I'licy left him at the tavern of Major Carter, who treated him with the generosity he usually bestowed on outcasts of every desci'iption. Hen's toes were frozen so that they came off, and the terrible sntTerings he had undergone brought on tlu' rheumatism, which twisted his limbs out of shape, so that he was hardly able to crawl around throughout the whole of the succeeding season. In the sjiecial history of tileveland will be found an account of the after adventures of ilajor Carter, [loor Ben and his Kentucky master. Another sad adventure of the year 18(MJ was the loss of the schooner " Washington," though only slight- ly connected with this county. It received om^ of the first elearanct'S from the new port at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, sailed out ujion the lake and was never hearil of more. c II A r T E i; .\ . THE PERIOD FHOM 1807 TO 1812. Formation of Cuyalio^'a Cniinl.v— U.-i linuii.laiies— Still altivilu-il to (ieauga-Murilei- of Mohawk ami Niiksaw— Kxcitomt'nt in this Conn ty— Ueniaiui of Stij^wanisli for .Justice— "Snow cannot lie"— Dc- scrip' ion of Stigwanisli — Scheme to open Rivers and make Portage Roail— A I^rttery authorized for that Pnr| io.se— fine I'romises— No Performance— Draft of Land west of Ciiyalioga -Jnd);e Huntiiiglnn elected («.>vernor— Another Disast4»r— Wrecked under a HlnfT AS'Ui's Bravery— .\ DilTieult Resciie— Numenius Oeattis by Drowning— C'Irve lanil made the Seat of Justice of Cuyahoga— A Primitive Bill for Serv- ices— A United States Senator fioni Cuyahoga County— An Early Mail Route —Carrying the Mail under I >itliculties— Organization of the Coun- ty— Kirst (Jfllcers— Huron County attached to Cuyahoga -Tin' ^'i^st t-*ourt- Census of ISIO— Kirst Physician — Kii-st Practicing Attorney- Fears of luilian llostilities-K.\tension of the WesU-rn Bounds of Cuyahoga— Increased Excitement regarding War A Murder by In- dians — Trial of Omic — ilis Bravado after Conviction- Mrs. Long's Kriglit-Tlie K.vecution— Major .(oness Perplexity— Omic's Terror— A Bargain to be hung for Whisky — More Trouble- More Whisky —Hung al last — Removal of the Body— Declaration of War. Wk begin this chapter with an actual Cuyahoga county, ill place of " the territory of Cuyahoga coun- ty," which has hitherto been the scene of our story. On the Kith day of Feliruary, 1807, the legislature passed an act creating three new counties — Ashtal)nla, Portage and Cuyahoga. The latter included all that part of Geauga county west of the east line of range (on — that is, the east line of Solon, Orange, MayfiiHd and Willoughl)y, then called Chagrin. Hoth east, and west of the river the southern boundary of the county was the same as now, but the western boundary ran along the western siileof range fourteen (Strongsville, Middleburg and liockport). In short the boundaries of the county were the same on its first formation as now, e.\cei)t.that it included Willonghby, now in Lake counry, and cirlm/cil Dover and i\er. Then the whites were anxious that Mohawk should be deinamled from the Indians and punished for his crime. At the same time it was suggested l)y some of the leading men that Darrow and Williams should be arrested and punished for their crime. But tln^r neighbors bitterly oppo.sed this, and threatened death to any olficcr who should attempt to arrest them. The excitement spread ii;to this county, where some of the whites were opposed to the arrest of |t;iirow ami Williams, while others looke(l askance at the In- dians still ene;im|i(Ml aci'oss t he rivei- from Clevehind, and were aii\ious above all else for a, course which would keep the peace with those few but daii;:eroiis enemies. On the tenth of February Judge Huntington wrote to (ieneral Wadsworth that he had seen Stigwanisli, (or Seneca as he was commonly (-ailed) the same chief before mentione(l as the brother of " Big Son." and who was usually regarded as the head of all the ,SV'/(''- (7/.V in this section. Seuecasaid he wanted justice for both sides. He was not content to sec all the power of the whites used t3 inflict punishment of John Mo- hawk, while they were rt.s'/w/M'egarding the murder of an innocent Indian. He offered to deliver up Mohawk when the slayers of Nicksaw were secured. Referring to the fact, to which Carter and Campbell certified. 54 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. that there was no evitlence of resistiiuccon the part of Nicksaw, Seueca said : •' White man may lie — ludiaii may lie — snow ean- not lie." He declared he did not want war, but did want jus- tice. The result of the whole excitemenL was that neither party obtained justice; Mohawk was not given up by the Indians and the murderers of Nicksaw were uot punished by the whites. The chief Stigwanish, or Seneca, was much re- spected by the whites. General Paine lauded him in extravagant terms as having the honesty of.Aristides, the dignity of a Rouuui senator and the benevolence of William Fenn. Unlike tiie average '• noble red man," he never asked for a gift, and when one was voluntarily made to him ho would always return it by another of equal value. The general also stated that he abjured all spirituous liquors, but was obliged to add that this abstinence was caused by his having, in a drunken fury, split ojien the head of his infant child with a tomahawk, while aiming a deadly blow at his squaw, on whose back the child was strajjjied. It is difficult, after learning this, to look with very intense admiration upon the general's hero. Stigwanish was killed in Holmes county in ISIG, by a white man who said that the chief had fired upon him; so we are left in doubt whether the Ijenevolentand senatorial Seneca had not relapsed iato his former habits. About this time a scheTue was set on foot to clear the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers of logs and other obstructions, so as to make them passable for large boats, and at the same time to construct a good wagon road over the j)ortage between the two streams ; thus forininga continuous communication for heavy freight between Lake Erie and the Ohio river. As was cus- tomary in those days, the legislature was called ou to authorize a lottery in order to raise tiie needed cash. It was rare indeed that any important public work was attempted in the forepart of the present century without a lottery being organized to provide tiie whole or a part of the funds. In this case the managers were authorized to issue twelve thousand tickets, at five dollars each; making a total of sixty-four thousand dollars. This was done, and in return they olfered one jjrize of five thousand dollars; two of two thousand five hundred each; five of one thousand each; ten of five hundred each; fifty of a hundred each; a hundred of fifty each, and three thousand four hundred of ten dollars each. This made the total amount of the prizes sixty-four thou- sand dollars; just the value of all the tickets. A deduction of twelve and a half per cent., however, was to be made from the various prizes, which, supposing that all the tickets were sold, would furnish eight tiiousand dollars with which to pay the expenses of the lottery, clear out the rivers and build the portage road. This docs not appear like a very liberal allow- ance, considering the amount likely to be swallowed up by the expenses of the lottery and the probability that many tickets would be left unsold; so that, aside from the moral qualities of the scheme, it does not impress one very favorably regarding the business shrewdness of our primeval financiers. Twelve commissioners were appointed by the legis- ature to conduct the enterprise, of whom six were from this county. These were Hon. Samuel Hunt- ington, judge of the supreme court (who, however, removed to Painosville the same year). Major Amos S|ialford, Hon. John Walworth, Major Lorenzo Car- ter, James Kingbury, Es(|., and Timothy Doan, Es(i. Hon. John Walworth, of Cleveland, was appointed general agent. Agents for the sale of tickets were also appointed in Zanesville, Steubenville, Albany, New York, Hartford aud Boston, who were autiiorized to pay prizes in those places — when they should be drawn. But, despite the list of civil and military notables concerned in the scheme, that time never came. It was found inij)ossible to sell more than a fourth of the tickets. The drawing was postponed from time to time in the hope of an increase oi funds, and even as late as 1811 was still expected to take place. Fi- nally, however, it was entirely given up and the money already paid in was returned, without interest, to the purchasers of tickets. Thus ended the first scheme of internal improvement connected with Cuy- ahoga county. On the second day of April in this year took jilaee the "draft" of the Land Conijiauy's laud west of the Cuyahoga; that is, the townships were distributed by lot among groups of owners, who thereupon received deeds from the trustees. The subdivision of the townships into lots by tlie owners was still to be made before tiie work of settlement could well commence. Although, as before stated. Judge Huntington re- moved to Painesville (now Lake county) this year, yet he was so thoroughly identified with the early history of Cuyahoga county as to make it eminently [iroper to notiedition to tlie Maumee river. A colored \V(Uiiaii called Mary was also (in l)oai'd the boat as a passenger, intending to stop at Uiack river, where Major Nathan Perry was keojiing a trading-house, and where some goods lie- longing to him were to he put on shore. A Mr. White, of Newburg. and two sons of Joseph Plumb, who had expected to go on the boat but were too late, took the Indian trail to Black river, expecting to get on board there. In the western part of the present town of Dover, hearing cries of distress, they looked down to the foot of the bluff, and saw sixty feel beneath them the boat in which their friends had set sail, bottom side up, while near it was the elder Mr. Plumb, the sole survivor of tiie crew. He told them that the boat had capsized a mile from shore. The woman was drowned at OTice. All the others ex- cept Plumb were good swimmers and had struck out for shore, but tlie water was so cold that one after another their strength failed them and they sank to rise no more. Plumb, being unable to swim, got astride the boat and was thus driven ashore. He was seriously hurt, however, and was scarcely able to move, on account of his immersion in the extremely cold water of the lake. His friends hardly knew what to do, :is he could not climb up the almost perpendicular blutr and they coidd not get down to him. It was (piickly decided, however, that Mr. White and one of the young men should hasten on to Black river, some twelve miles distant, to obtain aid and ropes, while the other son remained to comfort his father. The latter was .so overcome with cold, and so discouraged liy the circum- stances in which he found himself, that the young man determined to reach him at all hazards. Climbing part- ly down the blutf he found an inuiwood sapling which grew out partly over the beach. Young Plumb crawled upon this to the outermost hushes, and the tough ironwo)d bent far down beneath his weight. Suspending himself by his hands to the lowest-i-each- jng l)ranches, the brave young man finally let go, dropping over twenty feet to the sandy bea(;li below, and fortunately escaping unhurt. He made his father as comfortable as jiossible, and together they aw;i,ited the coming of aid. Darkness came on and still no. relief ajipeared. At length, when the night was well advaiu'cd, shouts were heard and lights were seen on tlie blulf above. White and young Plund) had returned, accom|)anied by Major I'erry and t^iiintus F. Atkins, wh.i probaVily ('omi)rised the whole male population at Black river at that time. They brought ropes and lanterns, but their t;usk was still one of considerable difficulty. The elder .Mr. Plumb weighed some two hundred and twenty pounds, and it was no easy task to raise him by sheer strength up that sixty-feet blulT. How- ever, one end of the rope was made fast to a tree, the other was let down to the men below, and fastened by young Plumb under his father's arms. The four men above then began to '"haul in," and ])y exerting their united strength finally landed the old gentleman at the top of the blulT ; ho and they being alike almost exhausted by the operation. The young man was then drawn up with comparative ease. Such wore the dangers from the turbulent lake and the rork bound coast that out of the eighteen deaths of residents of Olcveland, occurring during the twelve first years of the settlement, no less than eleven were by drowning. It will be seen that, notwithstanding the evil reputation of the locality as to health, there was not a very large pi-o|)ortion of deaths by disease. In fact the ague seldom killed; it only made people wish (hey were dead. In the spring of ISO'.l a commission was apjiointed by the State to select a location for the seat of justice of Onj'ahoga county. The only place besides Cleve- land which had serious claims to this honor wa.s Ncwljurg, which had as large a population as the former village, or larger, and was a much more healthy and thriving locality. However, the j'osition at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, with its possibilities of future greatness, carried the day in s|)ite of the ague, and Cleveland was duly selected. The time emjiloyed by the commissioners and the salary paid them are both shown by the following extract from the bill presented by one of the honorable commissioners, from Colum- biaiui county, which also gives a hint of the ortliog- rapliy often practiced among the otlicials of the day: '•'A Leven Days, Two Dollars \\cv day. Twenty-two dollars.'" In an accompanying letter to Abraham Tap[)en t he commissioner reijuested that he present the bill to the " Nixt Cort," by which he wouhl miu-li oblige '' vour hundjie Sarvent." In the sjjringof ISO'.l another citizen of Cuyahoga county was elevated to the new senator expressed the opinion that this would l)e a good loca- tion for a ])hysician; there being none in the county, and none of any eminence within fifty miles. Still, he .said, a doctor would have to keep school a ])art of the time in order to make a living, until there was a larger population. Senator (iriswold only .servey the act creating it was the same as the western boundary of the present townships of Strongsville, Middlcburg and Rockport, was car- ried from ten to fifteen miles farther west. Begin- ning at the southwest corner of the present township of Eaton, Lorain county, (township five, range six- teen,) the new line ran thence north to the north- west corner of that township; thence west to the middle of Black river, and thence down the center of that stream to the lake. The tract thus united to Cuyahoga county consisted of the present townships of Dover and 01 instead, which have ever since re- mained in it, and the townships of Avon, Ridgeville, Columbia and Eaton, and parts of Sheffield and P]lyria, now in Lorain county. Despite of Indian troubles, emigr;itioii was still flow- ing south and west, and in this year townshiji live, range twelve, now known as Brecksville, was sulidi- vided into lots ready for settlement. During the forepart of 181'3 the excitement on the frontier became intense; for it was known that tlie question of declaring war was being continuously de- bated in Congress, and no one knew at what moment its fury might be unchained. This locality was one of j)eciiliar danger; for not only were the Indians threatening massacre a short distance to the westward but the whole broadside of the county lay open to t:^.A^la^^c^ < I THE PEIilOl) FllOM 1807 TO 1813. 57 Tjako Erie, iuid on Lake Eric the Britisli had several armed vessels while the Americans had none. Tiie prevailing uneasiness was increased by the nuir- dcr of two wliite men by tlirce Indians in Huron county, ah.hougli the crime was committed solely to obtain the furs of the victims, and had no connection with any general hostile movement. The people of the vicinity, discovering the bones of the victims be- neath the ashes of their cabin, which the Indians had fired, turned out in jnirsnit and cajitured all three of the murderers, with the property of the murdered men ill their possession. One of them, a mere boy, was allowi'il til escape. Another, named Semo, after he was arrested ])laeed the muz/le of his gun uiuler his chin, pulled the trigger with his toe and instantly killed himself. The third was a young Indian who bad lived in the vicinity of Cleveland, and was com- monly called Omic, and sometimes as John Omic, to distinguish him from his father who was known as Old Omic. He was only about twenty-one years old, very hardy and athletic, and already well known for his vicious disposition; having several times committed offenses, some of which are related in the history of Cleveland city, in this work. Huron county being attached to Cuyahoga for judi- cial jiurposcs, Omic was brought hither for trial, and the subsecpicnt proceedings in his case are perhaps more clearly remembered by the few survivors of that period, and are more fully detailed in history, than any other events occurring hei-e during the first ([uarter of this century. There being neither court-house nor jail, the criminal was confined in Major Clarke's ball-room, in charge of the worthy major himself, who was duly de]>utized for the purpose. He had more iniluence with the Indians than any one else in the county, and it was dt)ul)tless thought there would be less danger of an onlbi-eak on their part if the culprit were under bis charge than otherwise. Strong irons were itlaced on Oniic's ankles and fastened by a chain to a joist. Mrs. Jliles, l)efore mentioned, tells of going to see him there, and talking with him. She had been well af Great Britain. C! IT A P T E R XI. THE WAR OP 1812. A Qiiiet hut Anxious Beginnintr— News of HulPs Surrender— Great Excitements -Reported Approacli of Indians— General Alarm — l^ep- arations for Fight — The WaUth at Night— An .\iiproaching Vessel— " Who are you"— Prisoners of Hull's Army— A Militia Company- Copy of its Roll— Captain Gaylord's Riflemen— General Rally of tlie Militia— Colonel Cass— Obtaining Provisions and Forage— Generals Perkins and Beall— A Succession of Kugitives— Elisha Dibble- His Detachment of Scouts— The Battle of the Peninsula— Building a Court-House— Winter— Preparations in the Spring — Major Jessup — Governor Meigs— Captain .Sholes's Regulars— Fort Huntington- Ap- proach of the Bi'itish Fleet — A Calm— A Storm— A Foraging Party in Euclid— General Harrison— Attack on Kort Meigs— Appearance of Periy's Fleet— The Commander on Shore— Mrs. Stedman's Recollec- tions—Guns and Men of the Fleet— At work on the Court-Ho.:se— A Distant Round— "It's Perry's Guns"— Off to the Lake Shore- Listening—-' Hurrah for Perry '—News of Victory— General Exulta- tion-Harrison's Victory— Harrison anh Williams, Matthew Williamson, John Wrightman, William Wiiite, Jo- seph Burk, Robert Prentice, Benjamin Ogden. These went into service on the 23d of August, 1812, and remained in service until the 14th of De- cember of the same year. They do not, however, ap- pear to have been very closely confined to their mili- tary duties; for at tiie time the roll in (juestion was made out not less than twenty-two out of the fifty- six officers and men were marked " absent on f'ui- lough," besides eight absent sick. Another company, raised principally at Newbiirg and vicinity, and composed of rillemen, was com- nuinded by Captain Alleu Gaylord of that town, luit the roll has not been preserved. Although the first great alarm had proved un- founded, yet there was no knowing when an invasion might occur either by lake or land, and the efforts to put the country in readiness for such an event were strenuously continued. General Wadsworth, after ordering all tlie militia of his division into the field, started from Canfield on the 23d day of August, with a company of horsemen as escort. Passing through Hudson, Bedford and Newburg, and endeavoring to allay the apprehensions of the hundreds of frightened people whom he met, he rode into Cleveland with his horsemen al)outfour o'clock in the afternoon of tiie 2-4th; to the great joy of the few men assembled there. Other militia soon followed, and so far as numbers were concerned there were enough to con- front the whole British army on the frontier. Benjamin Tappen and Elisiia Whittlesey, botii subseijuently very distinguished men in the councils of the nation, were General Wadsworth's aids. The same evening that the detachment Just mentioned arrived at Cleveland, Colonel Lewis Cass, afterwards General Cass, the celebrated statesman, came to tiie same point from Detroit. Having been in command of a regiment under Hull, he was bitterly indignant at the surrender, and never failed to denounce the cowardly general in the most virulent terms, lie was on his way to Washington on military business, and was accompanied from Cleveland by ex-Governor Huntington, of Painesville, who had hastened to liis former home at the first note of danger. The last named gentleman bore a letter from General Wadsworth to the war department, in wiiich he stated that he had called out three thousand men, but that they were largely destitute of arms, ammuni- tion and eipiipments, and that it would even be difficut to feed theni. He urged the dej)artment to give him aid, but did not wait for it to come. He appointed tliree commissioners of supplies, to pur- cha.se provisions and forage from the people, wlio. trusting in the good faith of the government, sold as cheaply as for coin. The commissioners gave cer- tificates stating the <|naiitity and value of the article furnished, and promising to pay for it when the government should remit the necessary funds. Many of the frightened people had gone east, abandoning their crojis on the ground or in barns. T'hese were taken by tlie commissioners, apjiraised, and tiie owners creilited with the value. Fatigue parties of soldiers harvested the crops and hauled them to camp, and the owners were afterwards remunerated for them. On the 20th of August Brigadier (ieneral Simon Perkins arrived at Cleveland with a large body of militia. General Wadsworth sent him forward to Ilinoii with a thousand men, to build block-houses and protect the inhabitants. General Reazin Beall was soon after sent westward with another body of troops on a similar errand. General Wadsworth soon received dispatches from Washington, emlorsiug iiis course, urging vigorous action and promising sup- port. The major general himself soon went westward witii nearly all tiie rest of his men; being first under command of General Winchester, and afterwards of the hero of Tij)pecanoe, General William II. Harrison. The same circumstance was noticeable here as at other points on the frontier, and at other times as well as at this one; nearly all the inhabitants for a long distance back from the scene of trouble thought they must move, but were apparently satisfied by tiie act of moving. Thus, while some of the people of Cuyalioga county lied twenty, thirty or forty miles eastward, tliey found tiiere homes abandoned by those who had gone still farther on. These they could, and often did, occupy: feeling themselves safe in the same }ilaces from which others had fled in terror. In like manner, people coming from Huron and be3'ond thought they liad fled far enough when they readied the mouth of tlie Cuyahoga, and made themselves at home in localities only a few days before abandoned by tlie previous residents. Among those who thus came from the west was Elisha Dibble, father of Cajitain Lewis Dibble, of Cleveland, who brougli this wife and eight ciiildren; together with another family, in a boat, to Cleveland, shortly after Hull's surrender. His former location had indeed been one of great danger, being on the River Raisin, near the present city of Monroe, Mich- igan, and not far from the scene of the celebrated "massacre of the River Raisin," which took place the same autumn. On reaching Cleveland he concluded he had gone far enough, and located himself in the house of Rudolphus Edwards, near the jiresent corner of Woodland avenue and Woodland Hills avenue. Being a stirring, energetic man, he determined to raise a detachment of mounted rangers, or scouts, for service against the enemy, and soon accomiilished his object; the men being from all i)arts of the county, and some of them being doubtless, like himself, fugitives from western homes. Captain Dibble marched with eilcd ills return home, wliere lie died the next year. After (iencral Harrison took coniinand in tlie Niii'tliwest. (ienoral Perkins was placed in coinnuuul 111' live hundred men and stationed near tlie mouth of the Union, remaining there nearly two months. \\ liilc there a conflict took jilace hetween a detach- MHiit of General Perkins' men and a force of Britisli Mild Indians, who had made tlieir way tiiat far east, eil her on scouting duty or in search of plunder. This is known in local annals as " the haltle of the Penin- siihi." A [lortion of tlic Cuyahoga county men were engaged in it, and the roll of Captain Murray's com- jiany sliows that one of his men, James S. Kills, was killed in the conflict, and that two others, John Carl- loii and Moses Eldred, were wounded there. [luring the season Mr. Samuel Dodge was eiig.iged in liuilding vessels for the government, holh in the tUiyahoga and at Erie, Pennsylvania. Notwithstanding all Uie din of war, the alTairs of peace were not entirely neglected. In the fall or Lite in the summer of 1812 the county commissioners, Messrs. AV^right, Ruggles and Miles, made a contract with Mr. Levi Johnson, a young carpenter of Cleve- land, to huild a court-iiouse on the northwest corner of the puhiic s(pnire. It was to be of wood, two stories liigh, and to consist of a jail and jailer's residence in the lower story, and a court-room in the ujiper one. Mr. Jolmson immediately began obtaining the timber, hut the building was not raised till the next year. As winter ap[)roached, the war-excitement subsided. Both armies went into winter-ipiartcrs, most of tlie militia was dismissed in Uecember, and only a small guard was nniintained at Cleveland. Ill the spring of 1813 active invparatioiis for iios- tilities were again made on both sides of tin; frontier, and Cleveland again became a depot of sujiplies, and to some extent a remle/.vous for troop.s. Major Thomas S. Jessup, (jf the regular army, afterwards highly distinguished as (Jeneial Jessup, was placed in command, though at first he hail only a few compa- nies of militia under hisciuirge. Later Hon. Return J. Meigs, governor of Ohio, came to inspect the l)re])arations nniking for war. On the lOth of May, while the latter was still there, a company of regular soldiers marched into town under the command of Captain Stanton Slides. These were the tirst and about the only regular troops stationed in Cuyahoga county during the war. They were met by (Joveriior Meigs, anil warmly wel- comed by him as well as by the citizens of the place. There were a number of sick and wounded soldiers there, with very poor accommodations, some of whom had been there since the time of Hull's surrender. Captain Slioles immediately set some carpenters be- longing to his company at work, and in a short time they erected a neat, framed hospital, about twenty feet by thirty, though without the use of a nail, a screw, or any iron article whatever; the whole being held together by wooden jiins. It was covered with a water-tight roof and floored with chestnut bark. To this the invalids were speedily removed, to the very great iiujirovement of their comfort. Then all the men of the comjiauy were set at work building a small stockade, about fifty yards from the bank of the lake, near the jiresent Seneca street. Cut- ting down a large number of trees twelve to fifteen inches in diameter, they cut off logs some twelve feet long each. These were sunk in the ground three or four feet, leaving the remaining distance above the surface. The sides of the logs adjoining each other were hewed down for a few inches, so as to tit solidly together. TJiis made a wall impervious to small arms, and the dirt was heaped up against the outside so as somewhat to deaden the effect of cannon balls. Next a large number of trees and brush were cut down, and tiie logs and brush }iiled together near the brink of the lake; forming a long aliatis, very diffi- cult to climb over, and which would have exjiosed any assailing party who attemiited to surmount it to a very destructive fire from the fort while doing so. The post was named Fort lluiitiiigton, in honor of the ex-governor. Meanwhile vessels were building in tlie Cuyahoga, and a large amount of public stores accumulating on the banks. Scarcely had Captain Sholes got his little fortress in good condition when, on the l!)tli of June, the British fleet, consisting of the "Queen (!har- lotte " and '"Lady Provost," with some smaller ves- sels, appeared off the coast and a|)proached the mouth of the river with the apparent intention of landing. Major Jessup had left, but expresses were sent out to rally the militia, and as soon as possible every man in the vicinity was hastening with musket on his shoul- der toward the endangered locality. When the fleet had arrived within a mile and a half of the harbor the wind sank to a perfect calm, and the vessels were compelleil to lie there until afternoon. Meanwhile the little band of regulars made every [U'cparation they could to defenil their post, and a considerable body of militia was arrayed near by. There was a small piece of artillery in the village, but it was entirely unprovided with a carriage. .Iiidge James Kingsijury, at that time a paymaster in the army, as we are informed i)y his daughter, Mrs. Sted- man, then eight years old, took the hind wlu'cls of a heavy wagon, mounted the little cannon on them, after a fashion, and placed it in position to pour its volleys into the enemy's ranks if he slioukl attc^mpt to land. The vessels in the Cuyahoga and (lie public stores were all, as far as possible, moved to " Wal- worth point," some two miles up the river. At length the calm ceased, but the succeetling weather was no more propitious to the would-be in- vaders. A terrific thunder-storm spratig iij) in the west and swept furiously down the lake, and the little fleet was soon driven before it far to tlie Ciust- 62 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY^ ward; relieving the Clevelauders of all fear of an at- tack, at least for tliat day. When the storm abated, the fleet lay to, ojiposiio Euclid creek, in the town of that name, where a boat's crew went asliore. Tliey killed an ox there, cut it up hide and all, and took it ofE to their com- rades on shi[>board. Witii more courtesy than could have been expected, however, they left a golden guinea in a cleft stick at the place of slaughter, with a note ai)ologizing be( ause in their Iiaste they had to spoil the hide, and adding that if it liad not been for the thunder shower they would Juive eaten their beef in Cleveland. Eitlier the commander thought that during tlie delay too large a force for them to meet had assembled, or else their presence was required elsewhere; at ,dl events they sailed ofP down the lake, and their vessels never again appeared on the siiore of Cuyahoga county except as the captured spoils of the gallant Perry and his comrades. About the middle of July, General W. H. Harrison, commander-in-chief of the Northwestern army, and the only general who had gained any fame as a sol- dier on this frontier, came to Cleveland on a tour of ins2)ection, accompanied by his statf officers, Governor Huntington, Major George Tod (father of the late David Tod), Major T. 8. Jessnp, and the gallant Colonel Wood, afterwards killed at Fort Erie. The general was cordially welcomed, and many came from the townships in the vicinity to sec and to show their respect to the hero of Tippecanoe, who it was hoped would redeem the tarnished fame of the American arms in the Northwest. After a tlirec-days' stay, spent in careful examination of the juiblic stores and means of defense, the general returned to his army, at the mouth of the Maumee. Immediately afterwards there was another alarm spread along the lake shore, when a force of British and Indians attacked Fort Meigs, on the site of the city of Fremont. Some again packed up their house- hold goods for flight, but as a rule the people had by this time become pretty well seasoned to rumors of war, and they generally waited for farther advices. Two entire di\ isioiis of militia, residing southward and southeastward I'rom Fort Meigs, were ordered out by the governor, but tiiose on the lake shore were rigiitly considered as having enougii to do to defend tlieir own localities, and were not required to take the licld at that time. The gallant Major Croghan with his little band successfully defended the fort, and compelled the withdrawal of the enemy before any of Governor Meigs' levies arrived; and again, for a while, t!)ere was a period of comparative quiet. But the British fleet was still mistress of the lake; no movement against Canada was likely to be success- ful until Ihat fleet could be overcome, and no one knew at what moment an invading force migiit be landed at any point on our long and feebly defended frontier. All eyes were anxiously directed toward the harbor of Erie, where a young lieutenant of twenty- six, called commodore by courtesy, was straining every nerve to equip his little fleet, get out to sea, and settle by actual combat the question whether the stars and stripes or the red cross of St. George should float vic- torious over Lake Erie. At length, on the 5th day of August, Perry took his fleet out of tiie harbor and immediately sailed in search of the foe. In a few days he passed up the lake, feeling sure that he would soon bring the enemy to battle. The fleet lay to off the mouth of the Cuya- hoga to get supplies, and the youthful commodore came ashore. Little Diana Kingsbury was in the village at the time with her father, and the venerable Mrs. Sted- man still retains a vivid recollection of the tall, slender, erect young man, in the glittering uniform of the United States navy, with noble bearing and hand- some, radiant face, on whom more than on any other man, at that moment, rested the fortunes and honor of America in the Northwest. The ol)ject of the brief delay having been accom- ])lished, the commander returned to his flag-ship, the fleet spread its sails to the favoring breeze and stood away to the westward in gallant array. There were the "Lawrence," the commodore's flag-ship, with twenty guns; the " Niagara," with twenty guns, under Lieu- tenant F^lliott; the "Caledonia," with thi'eo guns, under Lieutenant Turner; the "Ariel," with four guns, under Lieutenant Pickett; the "Scorpion," with two guns, under Lieutenant Champlin; the "Somers," with four guns, under Sailing-master Honry; the " Porcuiiine," with one gun, under Mid- slii[iman Senat; the "Tigress," with one gun, under Midshipman Conklin; the " Trippc," with one gun, under Midshipman Holdup. In long procession they swept past the shores of Brooklyn, Rockj)ort anoa(," was the general shout, and with ringing cheers the jjcople welcomed the first vessel propelled by steam which had ever traversed the waters of Lake Erie. The keel had been laid at Black Rock, near Butt'alo, in November, 1817, and the vessel had been built during the spring and summer of 1818. It had re- ceived the luime of " Walk-in-the- Water," from a Wyandot chieftain who was formei'ly known by tliat appt^llation ; which was also extremely appropriate as applied to a vessel which did indeed walk in the water like a thing of life. This harbinger of the numerous steam-leviathans of the upper lakes, and of the immense commerce carried on by them, was of three hundred tons burden, and could carry a hundred cabin passengers and a still larger nnml)er in the steerage. Its best sjjced was from eight to ten miles per hour, and even this was considered something wonderful. All Cleveland swarmed on board to examine the new craft, and many of the leading citizens took passage in it to Detroit, for which place it soon set forth. The work of improvement, as we have said, was all the while going on at a rapid rate although umler w FROM THE WA1{ TO THE C'AKAL. fi5 fjroiil. (lillicult.ies. Iliirdsliip w;is Llic expected lot of tlio pioneers, but even in tlie older sections of tiio county, where good farms liad been cleared up, llic agriculturist found his vocation an unprofitable one on account of the ditticulty of finding a market for his pmducts. In fact, for grain there was almost no market; the only i)urchaser.-i in this vicinity being the few Imndrcd traders and mechanics wiio were concen- trated at Cleveland and Ncwlmrg. Hardly a bushel of wheat or a barrel of tlonr was shipped down the lake until after the opening of the Erie canal in 1835; the expense of transportation being so great as to "eat up" the whole j)rice of the article. .Some cattle wei'e driven overland to l'liiladeli)hia or New York, and hides in considerable (|uaiitities, be- sides the furs of wild animals, were sent down the lake. From an old marine record we find that the articles going down the lake at this period (1815 to 18"J0) taking one vessel after another, comjjrised furs, fish, cider, furs, paint, dry goods, furniture, scythes, furs, grindstones, skins, furs, cider, paint, furs, fish, household-goods, grindstones, skins, scythes, coffee, fish, l)uilding-stoue, crockery, hardware, pork, scythes and clothing. It is difficult to imagine where the coffee and some other articles came from, but probably they had been sent up the lake from the East and were returned for lack of a market. It will be observed tluit neither potash, pearhish nor " black salts," figure in the list of exports, though these are mentioned by most of the early settlers I have met as being the ])rincipal cash articles they could produce. It is prob- al)le that it was not till after 1816, (the date of the fiiregoing list) that black salts, etc., became articles of export from northern Ohio. Tiie upward bound fi-eight at the same time con- sisted of whisky, dry goods, household goods, naval stores, dry goods, groceries, hardware, salt, fish, spirits, household goods, mill-irons, salt, tea, whisky, liutt,er. wiiisky, coffee, soap, medicines, groceries, liouseiiold goods and farm utensils. It will be seen that a good many classes of articles went l)oth ways, l)ut no furs nor skins went up the lake. Tiie lake vessels of (lie period in i|Ucstion were almost all schooners, the following bring a nearly complete list: The schooners '•Holpliin," "Diligence," " Krie," " Ponifret," " Weasel," " Widow's Son," " Meri'y Calvin,'" "Firefly." "Paulina." ".Mink," "Merchant." ■•rilot,,'" "Ilacrhel," "Michigan, " "Neji- tune," "Hercules," "Croghan," "Tiger," "Anrora," "Experiment," "IJlaek Snake,'' "Hanger," •■Fiddler" Mild "(Miampion;" also the sloops "Venus," "Ameri- can Kagle," "Perseverance," " Nigiitingale " and " HIack Iliver Packcl." 'I'lie solitary sleainer has already been mentioned. Whatever freight was brought to (!lcveland at this period from the adjoining counties was carried (ex- cejit when there was sleighing) on big vehicles, called " Pennsylvania '" or " CJonestoga " wagons, drawn by four or six horses. A solid vehicle and a strong team were absolutely necessary, especially in sju^ing and autumn, to make any headway at all along the ftarfiil roads, covered knee-deep or more with iiiiid, which traversed northern Ohio. Even in summer these rude highways were by no means easy to travel. It is narrated that in 1810 a resident of Hudson, Summit county, who had ;i fine team of which he was especially proud, drovt^ up to the door of Noble II. Merwin'.s hotel in Cleveland, just as the guests of the latter were sitting down to supper. "Ah!"' said the landlord, "are you just from Hud- son ?" "Yes,"" replied the traveler. "How long have you been on the road?" ((uericd Merwin. "Oh, I came through to-day," responded the other with manifest pride. "What!" exclaimed mine host, "came tlirough from Hudson in one day — you don't say so?"' " Fact, upon honor," res])Oiided tlu^ owner of the team. "Come out here; come out here," cried the excited landlord to the occupants of the suj)per table; " here is a man who has come through from Hudson to- day;" and forthwith all rushed out to gaze on this extraordinary phenomena. As the distance from Cleveland to Hudson was only twenty-four miles, it may be presumed that the roads must have been something terrible to make such a day's journey seem remarkable. The second newspaper in the county, and the oldest one now surviving, was the Cleveland llcnihl, wliieh was first published in 1819. In the early files we have found many incidents bearing upon the history of the county at that period. The militia was then an institution of much more conse<|nence than at present, and the number of divisions, brigades and regiments, with their cor- responding major-generals, brigadier-generals and colonels was something almost tremendous. Among numerous other cases we notice that in June, 1820, Colonel Daniel Miles was elected brigadier-general in place of (leneral Lewis K. Dille, of Euclid, resigned. T'he "general training" of those days was next to the 4tli of July the great holiday of the suumiei- season. When a regiment of four hundred or five iiundred men, dres.sed iu sheep's gray and i)liie jeans, and many of them in their shirt sleeves, armed with lilies, muskets and fowling-pieces of every pattern, stood in irregular line in some convenient meadow, while the eolor.ul, glorious in brass buttons, with epaulets as l.irge as tea-plates, and a cocked hat of tremendous circumference, dashed uj) and down the lines on the best farm horse to be obtained for love or money — ah, (hen indeed the assembled boyhood of all the country round felt that the acme of glory liad been reached, and that with such defenders Columbia was .safe from all her foes. Hut tiie most dangerous foes of the people of Cuya- hoga at this time were not the embattled legions of 66 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAKOGA COUNTY. Europe, but the wolves which devoured their sheep and the bears which ate up their hogs. To reduce the number of these enemies, to obtain their skins and to supply themselves with venison, as well as for the sport afforded, hundreds of young and middle- aged men made a sjiecialty of hunting during the winter mouths. But there were in some localities large tracts which, usually on account of their swampy nature, were the especial resort of wild animals. Occasionally, after the farmers' sheep had suffered severely from wolves which harbored in such a tract, the people would turn out from far and near to surround and clear out the haunt of the marauders. The most celebrated of all these grand haltues in this part of the State was the "Hinckley hunt," which took place in December, 1818. The township of Hinckley, which was the scene of the great raid, was just outside of Cuyahoga county; lying immediately south of Royalton, and being now the uortheasterumost township of Medina county — yet as huntsmen i^rticipated in it from all parts of Cuyahoga, even from as far as Euclid, we have chosen it as a specimen of the onslaughts occa- sionally made on the denizens of the forest by the pioneers of northern Ohio. Notice having been given throughout Cuyahoga and Medina counties, including the pi-esent county of Summit, nearly five hundred hunters, all eager for the fray, assembled one cold morning in December on the borders of the wolf-haunted townsliip. A com- mander in chief was chosen by universal -suffrage, as well as four captains, one for each side of the area to be enclosed. 'Squire Ferris, of Royalton, was the captain on the northern side. Then the commander sent his companies to the right and left, and in due time the whole township was enclosed by what in mil- itary phrase would be called a skirmish line, witli the men fifteen or twenty rods apart. There was at tliat time only one family living in Hinckley ; so that the assailants had a clear field. Next, the word was started from the northeast cor- ner of the township, "All ready.'' "All ready," repeated the men, one after another, and the word quickly went around the townshiji and came back to the northeast corner. " Forward march ! "' shouted the chief. " Forward march I " repeated the men in succession, and the four lines moved forward toward the center of the township. At intervals along the line good woods- men were placed, with special instructions to take a straight direction to the center of Hinckley, to whose movement the others were directed to conform, grad- ually closing up as they progressed. The venerable Abial Haynes, of Strongsville, though then but a youth, was one of the linesmen, or "guides,"' and has given us a description of the principal events of this exciting day. Ere tlie lines had niarclied a mile toward the center a few deer were seen, a part of wliich were killed while others sped away in the oj^posite direction from the crackling rifles. After tlie first mile bears began to be observed. Mr. Haynes and John Ililliard met one and lioth fired at once, at a distance of a few rods. Both balls struck him and he fell, but immediately scrambled up and "loped" back into the forest. He was soon killed, however, and was found to weigh six hundred jjounds ; being almost as heavy as a small ox. The lines marched on and deer became extremely numerous, while bear were quite frequent. There was a continuous fusilade along the line as bucks, and does, and fawns fell in rapid succession before the rifles of the hunters. Tiiose that did not fall gener- ally ran back from the line of death-dealing riflemen, but occasionally some brave old buck would fling his antlered head aloft, burst through the line of his foes, perchance escape their bullets, and dash away to seek a more healthy residence. Turkies, too, flew up in enormous numbers; so that it was said in somewhat exaggerated phrase that every bullet fired that day killed a turkey. Turkies and deer were so numerous that their deaths caused no excitement, but when a bear curled up to die a tri- umphant shout was raised by his conqueroi-s. which was echoed far along the line. All this while not a wolf was to be seen ; the wary rascals snuffed danger from afar and retreated as fast as possible from the sound of the deadly rifles. As wolves were the very animals it was most desirable to kill, some disappointment was felt at their non-ap- pearance, but the old iiuuters were certain they had retreated toward the center and encouraged the others to press on. When within about two miles of the middle of the township the fun became fast and furious The men were now but four or five rods apart and it was "very difficult for anything to escape between them. Never- theless, at one time fifty or sixty deer, in one fright- ened herd, made a dash at the line ; the antlered lead- ers bounding five or six feet from the ground, and .all snorting with frantic terror. Most of them escaped, in spite of the rattling fusilade with which tlw;y were assailed on either side. Scarce a moment passed in which a deer was not seen bounding with all the speed of terror through the forest, or a bear lumbering along at his best pace, but far too slowly to escape the vengeance of his unsparing foes. Crack ! crack ! went the rifles with scarcely a moment's intermission; corpses strewed the ground on every side and the ex- cited hunters, with all the enthusiasm of victorious soldiers, pressed forward with flying feet. Still no wolves. When the last square mile in the center of the township was reached the deer had entirely disap- peared ; all were slain or had broken through the lines and escaped. The bears, too, had become scarce; only three or four being killed on the last square mile. The men were now within a few paces of each other, and eager as so many bloodhounds. At length a gaunt gray form was seen gliding among the trees. FROM THE WAK TO THE CANAL. 67 "A wolf ! a wolf ! " cried those who saw it. Half a dozen rilles were Gred at once, and the enemy of the sheep-fold was numbei'ed with the slain. Another and another were soon seen and dispatched. As the deadly lines, now closing into a circle, pressed forward to the center, the grisly prowlers were seen running hitiier and thither, as terrified as the lambs tiiey had formerly pursued. Caution was now necessary lest the bullets of the hunters should wound their friends on the other side of the circle, but caution was a dif- licult virtue among such an excited and jubilant crowd. However, it must have been exercised to some extent ; for none of the hunters were killed or wounded. At last the triumphant rillemon closed swiftly in together, the last wolf went down beneath their bullets, the circle became a band, and a succession of ringing cheers gave vent to their excited feelings. Ou counting up their victims, eight wolves were found (all killed on the last square mile); a number which, though not large in compai-ison with that of the other animals, was sullicient to carry destruction into hundreds of tlocks of sheep. Twenty i)ears were also found "weltering in their gore " on the field of battle, eighteen of which were drawn together and flung into a shaggy heap. Of deer, no less than two hundred and sixty were drawn together in the same manner. The hunters certainly could not comj)!ain that this was " not a good day for deer." As we have before mentioned, many of liiese fleet-footed foresters escaped, but Mr. Haines slated that he believed that all of the bears and wolves in the township were killed. At all events the hunt completely broke n[) the haunt of wolves which had previously existed there, and for a time, at least, there was [)eace for the neighboring sheep. There were other grand balluesoi the same descri}!- lion in and near the county, but the Hinckley hunt was the most celebrated and most successful of them all, and its description will suffice for either of the lit hers. In 18'i(( a sfeji farther in advance was made when a line of coaches was put on the route fi'oin Cleveland to Columbus, piissing through the townships of Brook- lyn, Parma, the corner of Royalton, Strongsville, and so on through Medina county. Those were dire- ful times for travelers. In summer the big coaches bowled along with comparative ease, save wiien one of the wheels jolted over the root of an overshadowing oak, or collided with the stump of a lately felled beech. Even these disturbances did not prevent the closely packed passengers from beguiling their way with many a pleasant tale, until " stage-coach stories '" have become renowned for their wit and jollity. In winter, too, by curling uj) in the bottom of the sleigh, surrounded with plenty of buffalo and bear skins, the travelers could generally manage to jierform their journey with considerable rapidity, and without more discomfort than an occasional " frosted" ear or nose. But alas for the unfortunate man doomed to a stage-coach journey in the spring or fall. He was sure to be called ou to go on foot a large portion of the time, and was often expected to shoulder a rail and carry it from mudhole to mudhole, to pry out the vehicle in which he was in theory sujiposed to be rid- ing. "To go on foot and carry a rail," and to pay a stage company for the privilege, was a mode of trav- eling very widely celebrated but extremely unpleasant. Not only were roads poor but bridges were scarce. There was not one across the Cuyahoga river in the county. A notice was published in April, IS'IO, by which "all having an interest in or wishes concerning the building of a bridge across the river at or near Cleveland are requested to meet at the court-house, to consult in relation thereto." As a marked examijle of what must seem to our readers the extreme slowness with which the news was carried in those days, we may mention that while King George the Third, of England, died on the 20th day of January, 1830, the announcement of his death was not made in the Cleveland Heralil until the 38th of March, (two months lacking a day after the event took place). The commerce of the lake slowly but steadily in- crea.sed. The Herald of April 35, 1830, reported the following clearances at the " port of Cuyahoga" in a single week: Cleared; schooner "Fairplay," Johnson master, loaded with pork, flour, whisky and passen- gers; schooner " Commodore Perry," Tayler master, for Detroit, loaded with Hour, beef, cattle, etc.; schooner "American Eagle," Gaylord master, loaded with produce; schooner "Friendship," Kelly master, also loaded with produce. The arrival of some of the same vessels from Detroit was noted, but the nature of their cirgoes was not mentioned. It will be observed that flour is spoken of as going both up and down the lake. In the latter case it was doubtless used by the garrisons of the posts on the upper lakes, or by the settlers of Michigan who had not yet raised crops. This was about the beginning of the great trade in grain and breadstulis along the ui)per lakes, which has already grown to such enor- mous proportions. In this year (1830) the first legislative action was taken in regard to the construction of a canal from Lake Erie to the Ohio river. An act was passed by the legislature providing for the apjjointment of three canal commissioners, who were authorized to employ a competent engineer and assistants, for the purpose of making preliminary surveys of soiue of the routes considered most available for the proposed work. In 1833 Hon. Alfred Kelly, of Cleveland, was ap- pointed one of the canal commissioners, and for many years thereafter was l)usily and zealou.sly engaged in forwarding the construction of the canal, and in other public services. Hon. James Geddcs, of New York, one of the principal engineers of the Erie canal, was emjiloyed to make a survey of the routes of the Ohio canal. 68 GENERAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Prices of all kinds of farm produce were exceeding- ly low; the following being a list of the prices paid in Cleveland in Januarj^, 1823: Flour, two dollars and a half per barrel; wheat, thirty-seven cents to fifty cents per bushel; rye, thirty-one cents; corn, twenty- five cents; oats, nineteen cents; beans, fifty cents; flax seed, fifty cents; peas, forty- four to fifty cents; rye, thirty-one cents; butter, eight to ten cents per pound; cheese, four to six cents; lard, four to five cents; pork, two to three and a half cents; beef, three to four cents; tallow, eight to ten cents; whisky, twenty to twenty-six cents jjer gallon; wood, thirty to fifty cents per cord; hay, six to seven dollars per ton. It was pretty hard to raise wheat and sell it for tliirty-sevea cents a bushel, but ou the other hand with whisky only twenty cents a gallon the people were doubtless reasonably hapi)y. For there is no use in evading the unquestionable fact — the sturdy jiioneers who destroyed the wild beasts, leveled the forests and subdued the virgin soil of Cuyahoga county, were as a general rule decidedly fond of whisk}^ Every township had one or more distilleries, where the article was manufactured in the cheapest possible manner, and each had plenty of customers in its own vicinity. Whisky was aa important item at every "raising" or "logging-bee," or other assem- blage of the people, and was in frequent use in the houses of the most reputable classes. It should be remembered, however, that men who spent twelve hours a day chopping, logging, plowing, splitting rails, etc., could more easily "work off" the effect of frequent drams of li(|uor than could their degenerate descendants, who think eight hours consti- tutes a hard day's work, and many of whom do no hard work at all. General training was one of the occasions at which a liberal use of whisky was considered to be the proper thing, notwithstanding the requirements of discipline. The officers couldn't keep whisky out of camp, although there was an abundant supply of those dig- nitaries. This was a part of the ninth division, Ohio militia. Among the numerous notices and orders which appeared within a few months, in 1832, we observe one directing the members of the first com- l)any of cavalry, second brigade, ninth division, Ohio militia, to hold an election for company officers at the court-house; signed by the brigadier-general, per John W. Wiley, aide. Also one requiring the first artillery company of the first regiment, fourth brigade, etc., to meet to elect officers; signed by P. M. Wed- dell, captain. Another ordering the company officers of the first regiment, etc., to meet to elect a major; signed by P. Baldwin, colonel. A short time afterwards the following staif and non-commissioned-staff officers of the first regiment were announced by H. AVellman, colonel: Donald Mcintosh, surgeon; S. A. Henderson, surgeon's mate; Runey R. Baldwin, adjutant; John H. Camp, (|uartermaster; Horace Perry, paymaster; William S. Chapman, sergeant-major; John 0. Millard, fife- major; Barzilla B. Burk, drum-major. Capital of all kinds was scarce, and this fact of course retarded the general progress of the county. Yet the absence of large amounts of capital encour- aged men with a little money to embark in various small industries, in different parts of the county, which have now passed away. If a man wanted to start a little business of any kind, and had barely enougli to begin with, he could go ahead in compara- tive safety; there was no danger of any " bloated cap- italist" crushing out his enterprise by driving him into a hopeless competition. Tiius Leonard Marsilliott, of Euclid, for a long time maintained a stoneware factory in that township, which had a wide reputation for the excellence of its productions. A little later there was a ship and boat- building establishment in the same township, more fully described in the special history of Euclid. An- other industry of the period (1823, etc.) — a somewhat curious one — was a castor-oil factory, situated in tiie township of Brooklyn, a mile from Cleveland. That fragrant business, we imagine, has entirely passed away from the county. We now come to a material change in the western boundaries of Cuyalioga county. By a law j)assed on ttie 3Gth day of December, 1833, the county of Lorain ■ was established. It embraced a large part of Huron county, and took from Cuyalioga the townsliips of Troy (now Avon), Ridgeville, Eaton, Columbia, and the west ])art of Lenox (now Olmstead). It will Ijc observed that Troy (Avon) and Ridgeville then ex- tended to Black river, which was the western bound- ary of Cuyahoga county. Tlie new county was not organized at that time, and tlie townships named in the last paragraph re- mained temporarily attached to Cuyahoga county. A list of tlie civil townships of the latter county, which appciired in October, 1833, was as follows: Cleveland, Chagrin (now Willoughby), Brooklyn, Brecksville, Bedford, Columbia, Dover, Euclid, Eaton, Independ- ence, Mayfield, Newburg, Orange, Ridgeville, Royal- ton, Rockport, Strougsville, Troy (Avon), and War- rensville. Nineteen in all; the same number as there are at present (aside from Cleveland) — the number of those which have been detached having been made good i)y new formations. On the first d;iy of April, 183-1. Lorain county was duly organized, and the territory above described was permanently detached from Cuyahoga county. The west half of Lenox (Olmstead) was then made a i)art of Ridgeville, Lorain county, while the east half was attaciied to Middleburg, Cuyahoga county. We said the territory in question was " perma- nently "detached from Cuyahoga count}'. That is to say, the detachment was intended to be permanent, but in regard to the west half of Lenox it was not so. The residents of Lenox were much dissatisfied with the decree which had cut their thriving young town- ship in twain, and had placed the severed halves in :/"^f FUOM THE WAR TO THE (!ANAL. 69 two different counties, and three years later they pro- ciirod the passage of an act, dated January 29, 1837, by whicli the west half of the townsliip in question was set back into Cuyahoga, whore the two portions, once more united, became the townsliip of Olmstuad, as narrated in its special iiistory. The facts men- tioned in this paragraph are a little in advance of the ])i.'riod allotted to the present chapter, but we want to close the account in regard to the western boundary (if the county. No changes have been made in it I'nim the reannexation of the v.'cst half of Lenox to the present time. From a casual record we loani that the white males, over twenty-one years of age, resident in Cuyahoga county in 1823, numbered sixteen hundred and fifty- tive; an average of eighty-seven to each of the nine- teen townships. Another record of the same year mentions that the State had directed the laying out of a '"free road"' from Cleveland through Newburg, Bedford and Solon, and so on southeast, striking the Ohio river in Columbiana county. Samuel Cowles, Es((., of Cleve- land, was one of the commissioners to lay it out. The first movement was also made this year to turnpike the stage road running from Cleveland southwest through Brooklyn, Parma and Strongsvillc; and thence through Medina to Wooster, the county seat of Wayne county. A company was formed, called the Wayne, Medina and Cuyahoga Turnpike Comjiany, and in April, 1823, the books were opened to receive subscriptions to the stock. The move- ment was a success, and the turnjiike in question became one of the great highways of the State. By this time, thirteen years after the advent of Ur. David Long, the first physician in the county, the doctors of this aTid Medina counties (which, by a law of the State, constituted the nineteenth medical dis- trict of Ohio) had become sufficiently numerous to organize a medical society, and did so in May, 1823. Dr. Long w;us the first [iresident. In the autumn of 1824 took place the great quad- rangular contest for the presidency between Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun. The last named gentlenuin received no votes in this county. Of the others, strange as it may seem, Jackson received vei'y few votes; the strength of the county being divided between Clay and Adams, with the former as a decided favorite. The following table shows the vote by townships. The township of Chagrin (now Willoughby) was included in the list, casting iiiiiety-eight votes, but we have omitted it in order to show the number Ciist in the territory now ccHistituitng Cuyahoga county, except the west half of Olmstead, then attached to Lorain county, and containing but very few voters. TOWNSHIPS. CLAY. ADAMS. JACKSON. TOTAL. Bedford 20 . 20 Brooklyn S9 .5 .. 14 Brecksville :i8 IS M Cleveland fi4 43 r, 11^ Dover Si II .. :« Euclid 38 75 10 V£l Independence ID ~ 21 Slayfield 14 1 ir. Middleburg 13 Mi Newburg .57 4!l I'Hi Orange '..''-J 'H Roukport iili 1 '.i? Royalton +4 . . II Stningsville Si 1 -H \Vanen.sville 4 la 4 a) Aggregate -l-W 21S 25 085 It will, perhaps, surjirLse some of our readers to learn that as late as 1821 the township of Euclid cast seventeen votes (about fifteen per cent.) more than Cleveland, but such was the fact. While the agri- cultural townships made steady jirogress after the war of 1812, the growth of Cleveland was >3.\tremely slow down to the year 182.">. It should be remembered, however, that Euclid at ihat time ineliuled the greater part of tlie present towiislii[) of East Cleve- land. In this year (1821) an act was passed directing the laying out of another State road; running from Cleveland through Warrensville and Orange, and thence nearly due east to Kinsman, on the eastern line of the State. It was called the Kinsman road, and the westernmost part of it is now known as Kinsman street, in the city of Cleveland. The winter of 182-1-5 was celebrat.ed for its mild- ness, and the Cleveland Herald of December 8tli re- cords that violets, pinks and marigolds were then in bloom, that pea vines had pods half-grown u[ion them, and most remarkable of all that rij)e strawberries, grown in the open air, had lately been liroiighl- into the office. During the previous five years engineers had been at work, more or less, making prelimiiuiry surveys for the great Ohio canal. Pui)lic opinion, too, had been steadily growing more favorable to the proposed enterprise, and at length, on the 4th of Fel)ruaiy, 1825, a law was passeil authorizing the canal com- missioners to build a canal along the Scioto and Musk- ingum valleys, and thence north to Lake Erie. The commissioners were left free to choose, as to the northern part, between the route by the Cuyahoga valley to Cleveland, and that through Wooster, and down the valley of Black river to its mouth. 'I'lie seven commissioners (of whom Alfred Kelley, of Cleveland, was one of the most infiuential), reported in favor of the superior cheapness and convenience of the Cuyahoga route, and it was formally adopted. This oiiens a new era in the history of the coufity, and wc will, therefore, at this point begin a new chapter. 70 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XIII. PROGRESS, INFLATION AND "HARD TIMES." Work bej^uD on the Canal— Growth of Cleveland— Completion of Erie Canal—First Appropriation for Harbor— The " Superior "—Increasing Business— *■ Black Salts "—Cleveland any himself and his neighbors, went no farther than the next township, where it w.is quietly kept till the storm had blown over, in the stable of some re- spectable justice of the j)cace or venerable deacon of the church. The less courageous or more skillful rascals usually devoted themselves to the manufaeliire of counterfeit money. The "dollar of our fathers" was very apt to l)e a bogus article. Tlicrc were reported to be places where bad money was coined in Brecksville, in Royalton, in Middleiinrg, and doubtless in other secluded localities. The machinery of the Middle- burg institution was found, long after it had been abandoned, on a small island in the midst of a large swamp in that township. Counterfeit half-dollars were the favorite productions of these nnlawfnl mints, though other silver coins were frequently imitated. It was said that large orders for bad silver came from Pennsylvania, where no bank-bills of less than five dollars were allowed to circulate. Prosecutions were extremely ditticult, as the criminals were frequently men of some local and political influence, and "straw bail" was readily aeceiited by the officials. Wedo not learn so much about counterfeiting liank- bills in those days; partly, doubtless, because that business re(piired more expense and skill than was available in this region, and partly because Ohio bank bills were so poor that it was not very profitable to counterfeit them. The ordinary discount on them iu n genp:ral history op cityahoga county. 1830 was from twenty-five to thirty per cent., and in some cases it was much larger. A respectable rascal would naturally be ashamed to counterfeit such money as that. Debts against individuals were frequently even less valuable than these heavily discounted bank-bills. We have noticed in a previous chapter that a repre- sentative from Cuyahoga county made the first movement ever made — so far as known — looking to the abolition of imprisonment for debt. By 1830 Ohio had gone to the extreme of liberality toward debtors, and by means of stay-laws and provisions for appraisals had made it almost impossible to collect an account under any circumstances. A Cleveland merchant had a claim of seventy- five dollars against a resident of Middleburg. Being unable to collect it, he sued it, obtained a judgment and directed a Middleburg constable to sell the per- sonal pi-operty of the defendant. At the time fixed for the sale the Clevelander went out on horseback to attend it. By law the constable was authorized to appraise the property at what he might consider a reasonable price, and below which it could not be sold. When the creditor arrived, he found tiiat the complaisant official had appraised an old watch, worth about five dollars, at twenty dollars; a dog, probably worth five cents, at ten dollars; a lot of rails at ten cents each, and other things in proportion. Of course a sale was impossible, as no oiie would bid half of the appraised value, and the unlucky creditor returned ijome in disgust; the only result of the trip being that his liorse had torn off, on the corduroy which formed a large portion of the I'oad, three of the four new shoes which guai'ded his feet on starting. Among the various cessions of laud occurring in connection with the final settlement of the title to tiie Northwestern Territory, congress assigned fifty- six thousand acres in what was known as the Virginia Military District, for the benefit of the schools of the Western Reserve. In 1831, Harvey Rice, Esq., of Cleveland, was appointed an agent by the State to convert them into money. He opened an office at Millersburg, Holmes county, in the district in ques- tion, and in three years sold all the lands and paid into tlie treasury of the State about a Iiundred and fifty tliousand dollars, to be devoted to the exclusive purpose of educating the children of the Western Re- serve. By 1831, land liegan to rise throughout the country, in consequence of the stimulus supplied by internal imj)rovements, especially canals, which were being constructed in numerous localities. The rise was especially noticeable wherever it was supposed that a city might be constructed, and the point at the mouth of the Cuyahoga was not neglected. An association of Buffalonians, known as the Buffalo Company, bought a tract on the west side of the river, and soon afterwards "Ohio City" was laid out at that point. Farmers, too, began to think that they were to be- come wealthy by the rise of their land, and at every little village, especially along the canals and rivers, people began to discuss the probability of the con- struction of a large town there. In 1833, the Ohio canal was finished from Lake Erie to the Ohio river, and its commerce ra})idly in- creased to large proportions. In two years after its completion the freight carried upon it amounted to half a million bushels of wheat, a hundred thousand barrels of flour, a million pounds of butter and near seventy thousand pounds of cheese, with other things in proportion. Even this would not be considered very remarkable now, but at that time it made the people stare with wonder and filled their minds with hopes of unlimited riches. In 1834 a proposition was made to incorporate a city which should include both Cleveland and Ohio City, but the leading men on the two sides of the river were unable to agree on the terms of union or the boundaries, and the whole project fell through. In 1835 the first railroad, the Cleveland and New- burg, was incorporated in the count}'. It was built soon afterwards, and was operated for several years, tliongh only Ijy horse power ; being used for hauling stone and lumber, and occasionally for the carriage of passengers. The Cleveland and Bedford railroad was also incorporated the same year, but was never built. It will be seen that the first beginnings of railroad- ing in this region were very modest, and such were generally its characteristics throughout the country. People planned canals hundreds of miles in length, and constructed tiiem according to the plans, but railroads were awe-inspiring undertakings, and men usually built them from one village to the next one ; if that operation worked well tiiey extended the work to another village, and so on. But in this wide-awake region they soon grew more enterprising; as will speedily be seen. Another cautious attempt at railroading was made about the same time by constructing a tramway, with wooden rails and operated by horse-power, running from the public square at Cleveland uji Euclid street, (avenues were then unknown,) and out on the Euclid road, four miles, to the " Doan's Corners'' of tlie early settlers, which "high-toned" people then began to call " East Cleveland." But the tide of enterprise and even of reckless speculation was rapidly rising, and a much more am- bitious project, rather an exception to the usual rail- road enterprises of the day, was soon set on foot. Tliis was the '* Ohio Railroad," designed to run from the Pennsylvania line to Toledo, close along the lake shore ; a large part of it being intended to be on piles. Considerable work was done on it, but no iron was laid, and it was abandoned at the time of the great crash which will be mentioned a little farther on. Its corporate rights were transferred to the Junction Rail- road Company, and through it to the Cleveland and Toledo, and finally to the Lake Shore and Southern Michigan Company. PnOdRKSS, INFLATION AND "IIA1H3 TIMES. At the same prolific period a project was started for a railroad from Cleveland to Cincinnati. The late Hon. John Barr visiled Cincinnati, getting up [)eti- tioius in favor of the road, and also spent considerable lime at ('olunilnis. The legislature of 1830 readily granted a charter for the proj)osed road, and also one for the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road, and Mr. Uarr brought the first copies of both charters to Cleveland. The last mentioned road was to run from Cleveland through Warren to the State line, connect- ing there with a road to Pittsburg, or to any other jjoint on the Ohio river. Its charter was extremely liberal, and is a good specimen of the kind of legislation prevalent in those halcyon days. It allowed the i)resident and directors to create and sell stock as in their judgment the occa- sion might require, without limit as to amount, except that it must not exceed the needs of the company. They had also full power to select a route, condemn land, occupy the road, and transport persons or prop- erty by steam, animal or other power. The projectors were as modest in the estimate of cost, however, as eciuld well be desired. They calculated the expense at seven thousand dollars per mile, though in fact it wiis more likely to have been twenty thousand. These were the celebrated "flush times; " the period when speculation raged more fiercely — when every one got richer on paper — than was ever the case in the United States either before or since. John Law's Mississippi scheme and South Sea bubble, as exploit- ed among the excitable French, could alone outdo the great land-speculation and business-sjiecnlation of 1835, '30 and '37. The closing of the United States Hank had lieen followed by the chartering of an iniinense number of Slate banks, some of which had a small amount of ea|iilal, more of which had a still smaller amount, and most of which had substantially no capital at all. In the West and South t liis was peculiarly the case, lliough the F'iast was liy ini means free from it. Tlu^ pdnrer a region was the more banks it had. Their paper was accepted cvei-ywhere with the most sublime contidenee; private credit was almost unlimited, busi- ness was going ahead at a tremendous rati^, and evcry- liody was getting rich — in imagination — with unpar- alleled speed. Eras of inflation, somewhat similar in general eliai-aeter lo that one, have been known since then, but iiDiu' that apprnaeheil it in the degree of expansion. Of course any place marked out liy nature for the site of a great city was, with its vicinity, the scene of an especial energy of s|>ecnlation. The location at the nnnith "f the Cuyahoga was not only thus desig- nated b\ nal lire, but, by the construction of the canal, haolton, (afterwards Judge Bolton,) a prominent law- yer, indignant at this violation of justice, made the same re(|uesl, and, not being an Abolitionist, was at once admitted. lie consuUed with the negroes, and announced his intention of defending them. So strong was the feeling against anything that could bo called Abolitionism that much indignation was cx- l)ressed against Mr. Colton in conscing, and procured the dis- charge of the negroes. The event had a great effect in breaking up the habit of sending off negroes with- out an investigation, and for twenty years no more slaves were taken back to the South from Cuyahoga county. On the 2!lth day of January, 1841, lots seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, in the southwest corner of the township of Russell, in (Jeauga county, were annexed to Orange, in this county; the object being to include the wiiole of the rising village of Chagrin Falls, which had previously been cut in two, almost in the center, l)y the county line. At the same time a strip ninety rods wide, lying along the north half of the oast line of Orange, was annexed to liussell as a compensation for the former transfer. On the 11th of January, 1843, the strip just mentioned was reannexed to Orange, this being the last change in the much-dis- torted boundaries of Cuyahoga county. So iicavy were the burdens caused by unwise s])eculation and financial disaster, and so eager were ilemagogues, then as now, to seek [lopularity by plundering the public creditor, that tiiere was a strong feeling in the legislature of 184"-i in favor of repudi- ating the debt of the State. Me.mwhile an instal- ment of interest was coming due, and there was no money in tho treasury to pay it with. lion. Alfred Kelley, of Cleveland, who was then State; fund-commis- sioner, went to New York and raised half a million dollars on his own security, to meet the payment. For several years after tiie great crash of 1837 the jieople of Cuyahoga county were willing to plod along very quietly; only striving that if possible they might recover from that tremendous shock. But al)out 1844 they began to talk about railroads again. In that year Hon. John Barr wrote a sketch of Cleve- land and a description of its trade, for the Natioiial llcvit'w, i)ublished in New York. In 1845 Cleveland voted to loan its credit for two hundred thousand dollars, to aid in building a railroad to Cincinnati, and for one hundred thousand dollars to build one to Erie. The same year the charter of the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road was revived; the directors being authorized to build it on the nearest and most practicable route from Cleveland to the Ohio river. The old, lapsed charter of the Cleveland, Colum- bus and Cincinnati project was also revived, and a new company was organized, with Hon. J. W. Allen, of Cleveland, as president, and Richard Uilliard, John M. Woolsey and H. B. Payne as the other Cleveland directors. The act reviving the charter contained a clause permitting the city of Cleveland to subscribe two million dollars to the stock of the company. This was promptly done, but private sub- scriptions were slow and few, and the prospects of the enterprise were not at all brilliant. In March, 1846, the Junction railroad company was incorporated, with an imaginary capital of three million dollars, and authorized to build a road from the Cleveland to the west line of the State, on such route iis might be chosen. About the same time the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland railroad company was incorporated, with authority to build a road from Toledo by Norwalk to connect with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin- nati road in either Huron or Lorain county. In 1847, so dark was the prospect that it was almost determined to abandon the Cleveland, Colum- bus and Cincinnati road for a time. Its friends, however, made a desperate rally; H. B. Payne and R. Uilliard volunteering to work three months for its interest. Tho late Leonard Case subscribed five hun- dred thousand dollars; sixty-five thousand dollars was obtained from other sources, and the friends of the road determined to stand by their colors. The next year a contract to build the road from Cleveland to Columbus was let to llarbeck. Stone and Witt; that being the largest contract which had then been made by any party or firm in the United States. The next year, 1848, an act was pa.ssed incorjwr- ating the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula com- pany to build a road from Cleveland to the Pennsyl- yania line, and iu 1849 it was surveyed. Thus the county aiijiroaches the end of the first half of this century, with its inhabitants almost as excited as they were in the "flush times," though with a much more solid basis for their hopes. Four important railroads, intended to concentrate at Cleve- land and to traverse all parts of the county, were iu various stages of progress, but none were completed. Tills seems a proper time, therefore, to take a glance at the county as it was before the days of railroads. These were the great days of steandioats on the water and of stage coaches on land. From the time the ice w;us out of the lake in the spring till the time it came back in the autumn there was hardly an hour in which two or three stately white steamers, with their trailing crests of smoke, were not to be seen 76 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. crossing bhe watery portion of Cuyahoga county. From the East to the West they went loaded with pas- sengers. From the West to the East they carried some passengers and some freight — tliough the time of car- rying hirge quantities of grain and otlier freight hy steamboat had not yet come. Western produce was generally carried east in sloops, schooners and brigs, the white sails of whicli were to be seen swelling gracefully before the wind, as the deeply laden hulls jiloughed through the waters of the county. Many of these steamers were of great size, and were fitted up with palatial magnificence. The fol- lowing is a list of the principal ones which were on Lake Erie in 1850, with the tonnage, origin and fate of each, taken substantially from a pamphlet called Marine History of the Luke Ports, published at De- troit in 1877: " De Witt Clinton," of four hundred and ninety- three tons; built at Iliinjn in ISIJil; sunk at Dunkirk in 1851. "Hliuois" (First), of seven hundred and fifty-five tons ; built at Detroit in 1837; lost on Lake Huron in 18C8. "Rochester," of four hundred and seventj'-two tons; built near Fairport in 1837; wrecked at Erie in 1853 — seven lives lost. "Cleveland" (First), of five hundred and eighty tons ; built at Huron in 1837; burned at Tonawauda in 185-1. "Bunker Hill," of four hundred and fifty-seven tons, built at Black River in 1837; burned at Tona- wanda in 1857. "Anthony Wayne," of three hundred and ninety tons ; built at Perrysburg in 1837 ; exi^loded in 1850. "Detroit," (Second), of three hundred and fifty tons; built at Newport in 1840; sunk in Saginaw bay in 1854. "Missouri," of six hundred and twelve tons; built at Erie in 1840; converted into a propeller barge in 1868. " Empire," of eleven hundred and tiiirty-six tons; built at Cleveland in 1844, lost on Long Point in 1870. " New Orleans," of six hundred and ten tons; built at Detroit in 1844; lost at Thunder bay in 1853. "St. Louis," of six hundred and eighteen tons; built at Perrysburg in 1844; wrecked on Lake Erie in 1853. U. S. steamer " Michigan," of five hundred and eighty-three tons; built at Erie in 1844; wrecked. "Niagara" (Second), of ten hundred eighty-four tons; built at Buffalo in 1845; burned on Lake Michi- gan in 1856 — sixty lives lost. "<}. P. Griffitli,"^ five hundred and seven tons; built at Buffalo in 1845; burned on Lake Erie in 1850, with a loss of two hundred and fifty lives. "Albany," of six hundred and sixty-nine tons; luiilt at Detroit in 1846; wrecked at Presq' Isle, Lake Huron, in 1853. " Hendrick Hudson," of seven hundred and fifty- nine tons; built at Black river in 1846; liurned at Cleveland in 1860. " Louisiana," of nine hundred tons; built at Buffalo in 1846; wrecked at Port Burwell in 1854. "Saratoga," of eight hundi'ed tons, built at Cleve- land in 1846; wrecked at Port Burwell in 1854. " Canada," of eight hundred tons; built at Chiji- pewa in 184G; lost on Lake Michigan in 1855. " Baltic," of eight hundred and twenty-five tons; built at Buffalo in 1847; made a barge in 1863. " Sidtana," of eight hundred tons; built at Trenton in 1847; wrecked in 1858. "A. D. Patcliin," of eight hundred and seventy tons; built at Trenton in 1847; wrecked at Skillagalee in 1850. " BaUimore," of five hundred tons; built at Mon- roe in 1S47; wrecked at Sheboygan in 1855. " Diamond," of three hundred and thirty-six tons; built at Buffalo in 1847; broken u]) at Detroit in 1S60. " Pacific," of five hundred tons; built at Newport in 1847; lost on Lake Michigan in 1867. "Ohio" (Second), of six hundred tons; built at Cleveland in 1847; dismantled at Erie in 185!). " Southerner," of five hundred tons; built at Tren- ton in 1847; wrecked on Lake Erie in 1863. "Arrow," of three hundred and fifty tons; built at Trenton in 1848; condemned in Green Bay in 1863. "Alabama," of six hundred tons; built at Detroit in 1848; sunk near Buffalo in 1854. " Franklin Moore," of three hundred tons; built at Newport in 1848; broken up in 1803. "J. D. Morton," of four hundred tons; l)uilt at Toledo in 1848; burned on St. Clair river in 1863. "Empire State," of seventeen hundred tons; buiP, at St. Clair in 1848; made a dry dock at Buffalo in 1858. " Queen City," of a thousand tons; built at Buffalo in 1858; lost on Lake Huron in 1866. " Globe," of twelve hundred tons; buill at Detroit in 1848; converted into a propeller. "Charter," of three hnndredand fifty tons; built at Detroit in 1848; lost on Lake Erie in 1854. "John Hollister," of three hundred tons; built at Perrysburg in 1848; burned on Lake Erie; rebuilt, and lost on Lake Huron. " Atlantic," of eleven hundred tons; built at New- port in 1849; sunk at Long Point — a hundred and fifty lives lost. " Mayflower," of thirteen hundred tons; built at De- troit in 1849; wrecked at Point an Pelee in 1854. " Keystone State," built at Buffalo inl849; sunk in Saginaw bay in 1861 — thirty-three lives lost. We have included in the above list none of less than three hundred tons. Thus it will be seen that, aside from numerous smaller ones, there was in 1850 a fleet of thirty-nine steamers afloat on Lake Erie, ranging from those of three hundred tons up to the great leviathan "Empire State," of seventeen hundred tons. THE I'KlilOl) FROM 1840 TO ISO] 77 Gay times were those. The stoiimboat, in good weather, was as provocative of sociability as the stage- coach, and furnished a great deal mure enjoyment. Tiie lake steamer was devoid of the monotony of the (leeaii vessel, and a voyage of from two days to a week, through changing lakes, and rivers, and straits, witli all the splendid accessories of the model lake steamer, l>y passengers excited with the hope of western fortunes, or joyous over their return to eastern homes, was an event long to hv. remembered on the calendar of pleasure. Hut, there was another and much darkerside to the picture. Out of the thirty-nine steamers above nu'u- lioued, no less than thirty closed their career by be- ing burned or wrecked. To be sure many of them sailed ten or fifteen years, and made hundreds of vovages before being lost, but the disaster, when it eanic, was sometimes appalling. The two hundred ami fifty lives lost on the " G. P. Griitith," and the four hundred lost on the " Lady Elgin," furnished the most terrible but not the only examples of the dangers of lake navigation. We have called especial attention to the Heel alloat in ISotl, because that was the iueo|)le all alive with business and confident of future greatness. When the steamboats were not running, the stages on the lake shore road were loaded and doubly loaded with passengci-s; three, four, aiul even five coaches often passing over the route each way in a single day. The vehicles of the line running over the great turniiike through Brook- lyn, Parma and Strongsville to Columbus were simi- larly crowded in both summer and winter, while those on other routes through the country were only loss heavily loaded. The close of the last half of this century may be regarded as marking the distinction between the old and the new in this county. The wolves and the bears had already become extinct, and about this per- iod the last of the deer disajipeared l)L'fore the ad- vance of civilization. Certainly they did not wait to hear more than one or two shrieks of the locomotive. To an old pioneer, with a taste for hunting, Cuyahoga county with no deer in iL musl, have seamed like a, new and undesirable world. At this pariod, too, nearly the last of the log houses which had sheltered the pioneers gave way to the more comfortable frame residences of the farmers and the brick mansions of the thriving citizens. Twenty years before, in at least half of the townships, log houses had been the rule aiul framed ones the excep- tion. The fornur had gradually bjen given up, and in 1850 could only be found in some very secluded lo- cality. In such })laces, even yet, one may now and then be seen, a striking memento of the pioneer days of sixty years ago. By the census of 18.50, the papulation of the county was forty-eight thousand ami ninety-nine, distributed as follows: Cleveland. 17,034; Bedford, 1,853; Brecks- villc, 1,UC; Brooklyn, 0,375; Chagrin Falls, 1,'^50; Dover, 1,103; East Cleveland, 2,313; Euclid, 1,447; Independence, 1,485; Maylield, 1,117; Middleburg, 1,490; Newburg, 1,542; Olmstead, 1,210; Orange, 78 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1,0G3; Parma, 1,339; Rockport, 1,441; Royalton, 1,253; Solon, 1,034; Strougsville, 1,1'J9; Wiii-rens- ville, 1,410. On the very tliresliold of the second lialf of the century, Cuyahoga county received the benefits, more or less, of railway communication; being one of tlie very first counties in the West to be invaded of the iron conqueror. On tiie 1st day of February, 1851, a train came through from Columbus over the (Cleve- land, Columbus and Cincinnati road, bearing tlie State authorities and the members of the legislature, when of course a grand jollification was held. On the 2'ind of the same month tlie road was formally opened for business. The Cleveland and Pittsburg road was completed forty miles the same month, tak- ing it outside the bounds of the county. Tlic other enterprises before mentioned went for- ward as rapidly as could be expected. The Cleveland and Pittsburg road, and the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula road (from Cleveland to Erie) were opened for through business in 1852. The Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland railroad was completed in .January, 1853; forming the last link in the chain of railways between Boston and Chicago. The Cleve- land. Painesville and Ashtabula road was at first run in connection with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati road, but in 1855 its management was separated from that of the latter, and the former naturally fell into close relations with the other roads forming the great line along the lake shore commiiui- cation from the East to the West. In the latter part of this decade a new communica- tion was opened between Cuyahoga county and the outer world. It originated in a schooner called the " Dean," built by Qn lyle and Martin, of Cleveland, for C. J. Kershaw, of Chicago. It was loaded at the latter post and sent direct to Liverpool (by way of the Welland canal and the St. Lawrence river) where this stranger from the Far West naturally created much surprise. It was sold there. The ne.xt year the barque "' C. J. Kershaw " was constructed by the same builders, and sent to Liverpool by D. C. Pierce, loaded with staves and lumber; coming back with crockery and iron. Direct trade between Chicago and Liver[)ool soon f tiled, but in 1858 a fleet of no less than ten vessels was sent fiom Cleveland to Euroi)e. It consisted of the"D. C. Pierce," sent to Liverpool by Pierce & Barney; the " Kershaw," "Chieftain" and " Black Hawk," sent to London by the same parties; the " II. II. Harmon," sent to Liverpool by T. P. Handy; the " D. W. Sexton," sent to London, and the "J. F. Warner" to Glasgow, b:)th by Mr. Handy; the " H. E. riowe," to Liverpool, by II. E. Howe; the " Correspondent." to Liveri)j-)1, by N. M. Standart; and the "Harvest," to Hamburg, by C. Reis. All were loaded with staves and lumber ; their total capacity being three thousand six hundred tons. The cargoes of all were sold to good advantage, and six returned successfully with cargoes of crockery, iron and salt. Some of these vrssels attracted es])eeial attention when thrown among a lot of English ships which were wind-bound at Land's End. The latter were entirely unable to beat around the point, but the American vessels, by their sujjerior sailing qualities, were able to run close to the wind, unload, reload, and sail on another voyage before one of the others could make its way around the " End." Direct trade with Europe jironiised to be an im- portant part of the commerce of the country, but it was driven by the rebellion into English hands. In 1858 it was found that the brick court-house, built thirty years before, was entirely inade(inate to the rising business of the county, and it was not thought desirable any longer to incumber the public square of Cleveland with county buildings. Accord- ingly, in that year, a substantial stone edifice, of two stories, was erected on ground on the north side of Rockwell street, facing the northwest corner of the S(|uare. The panic of 1857 had liad a depressing Intlnence upou Cuyahoga county, as ujion the rest of the conn- try, but it was so light in comparison with the finan- cial earthquake of 1837 that old stagers did not con- sider it as a very serions matter. By 1860 all busi- ness interests were in the way of rapid recovery. By the census of that year the population of the county was seventy-seven thousand two hundred and six, of whom forty-three thousand four hundred and seventeen were in the city of Cleveland, while the re- mainder occupied the various townships in the fol- lowing numbers: Bedford, 1,098; Brecksville, 1,024; Brooklyn, 5,358; Chagrin Falls, 1,479; Dover, 1,284; East Cleveland, 3,011; Euclid, 1,709; Independence, 1,003; Mayfield, 1,079; Middleburg, 2,592; Newburg, 2.810; Olmstead, 1,410; Orange, 1,095; Parma, 1,480; Rockport, 1,793; Royalton, 1,397; Solon, 1,1109; Strongsville, 958; Warrensville, 1,554. xVmong the events of the year the most interesting was the celebration of the anniversary of Perry's vic- tory, and the erection of a monument to that hero. The idea originated with Hon. Harvey Rice, who in troduced a series of resolutions to tliat effect in June, 1857, into the City Council of Cleveland, which unaii- imonslyadopted them. A committee of five members of the Council was authorized to contract for the erection of the monument, and to solicit subscrip- tions to meet the exjjense; it consisted of Harvey Rice, chairman; 0. M. Oviatt, J. M. Coffinberry, J. Kirkpati'ick, and C. D. Williams. In the aniumn the committee contracted with T. -Jones and Sons, proprietors of marble works at Cleve- land, who agreed to provide all materials and erect a monument surmounted with a statue of Perry, in the best style of the sculptor's art, subject to the a]q)roval of the committee, in time for the celebration on the tenth of Sei)tember, 1800. The price was to be six thousand dollars, if so much could be obtained bj ^^^..wc::^. THE PEUIOJ) Fi;(»M 1840 TO ISfil. 79 sul).scrii>tion from the citizens of Cleveland, as to wliifli tlie contractors took all the risk. After corresponding with various artists, Messrs. .lones and Sons procured the services of Mr. William Walcutt as the sculptor of the statue. A hlock of rough Carrara marble was imported from Italy, and (he entire work of shaping the statue was performed ill the studio of Messrs. Jones and Sons at Cleveland. On account of the increiused cost of the monument, as linallv apjirovcMl, the contract price was increased to eigiit thousMud dollars — always provided it could !)(' obtained ijy subscription. The work went forward, and in the forepart of lS(iO the council sent out a larger number of invita- tions to the approaching fete. These included the son, daughter and other relatives of Commodore I'eirv; all the survivors of the battle, the governoi-. State officers, etc., of Oiiio, the governor. State otliccrs and legislature of Rhode Island (the State of Perry's residence), and numerous distinguished individuals throughout the country. It was determined to locate the monument in the center of the public S(|uare, at (Mcvehmd. The celebration was fixed for Monday, the lOtli of September, 18(10. On Saturday, the 8th, Governor Spragne, of Riiode Island, witii his staff, the State officers and many members of the legislature of that State, and the Providence Light Infantry, arrived at Cleveland; being received with a speech of welcome by (iovernor Dennison, of Ohio, who was already in tile city. Immense crowds of people also came by all the railroails, so as to be ready for the celebration on Monday. Thousands upon thousands also came by teams on Saturday and Sunday, from all the country round. During Monday forenoon every railroad brought an almost continuous succession of trains; all the cars Ijeing loaded with people, inside and out. After careful comp'utation it was estimated l)y caiitimis ;ind experienced men that at least one hundred Ihniisand visitors wrvr in the city during the aftermidii of .Monihiy. The procession was of great length; General J. W. Fiteh being marshal of the day. It was headed by eighteen companies of uniformed militia, of wiiich the folowing were of this county: Cleveland Light Artillery regiment, under Colonel Janu-s Harnett and Lieutenant Colonel S. li. Sturges, consisting of eom- l)anies A, B, 1) and E, commanded respectively by (Japtains Simmons, Mack, Rice and Heckiran; the l>rooklyn Light Artillery under Captain Pelton; the (nevoland fjight Dragoons, under Captain Ilaltnorth: the Cleveland Grays, under Captain Paddock; the Clevelanil Light Guards, under Captain Sanford. The military was followed by Govs. Dennison and Spragne and their staffs ; the guests from iJliodc Island; the mayor and common council of Cleveland; Messrs. Jones and Sons, contractors ; otHcers and soldiers of the war of 1813; survivors of the battle of Ijake Krie; descendants and relatives of Commodore Perry; William Walcutt, the sculptor; George Ban- croft and Dr. Usher Parsons (surgeon in the battle,) orators of the day; and the judges and clergy of the vicinitv. Following these came a very large number of the Masons of northern Ohio and neighboring States, marshaled by their respective officers; the In- dei)ondent Order of Odd Fellows; and a long array of citizens and strangers. Among the distinguished persons present, besides those already named, were Oliver Hazard Perry, the son of the Commodore; Rev. Dr. G. B. Perry, a rel- ative of the commodore, and chaplain of the day; Commodore Steiihen Champlin, a cousin of Perry, Mild commander of the " Scorpion " in the battle; and Capt. Thomas Brownell, jiilot of the "Ariel." The monument and statue had been set up in the piililic square, which since that time, and in honor of the occasion, has been called Monumental Park.* The services were held there; the statue Ijeiug unveiled by the scul^itor. The pedestal is of Rhode Island granite, twelve feet high, while the statue, of Italian marble, is eight feet two inches in liight. Of course it faces the lake which was the scene of the great victory. On the lake front of the monnment is a representa- tion, in fiUn rclicro, of the celebrated scene when the hero passed amid a shower of bullets from the deck of the stricken "Lawrence" to that of the "Niag- ai'a." The statue itself is very spirited in design and execution, and, while we do not feel competent to speak of those technical points which a sculptor would observe, yet we can truly say that not only was it highly satisfactory to those who knew the commodore, as a piece of life-like portraiture, but it is in exact harmony with all American traditions regarding the brave, handsome, dashing, liigh-spirited victor of the battle of Lake Fa-'ic. Since the ce'ebration two smaller figures by the same artist, a " Sailor Boy "' and a "Midshipman," have been placed on the nionu- iiiiMit, on either side of the chieftain. George Bancroft, the distinguished historian, de- livered the principal address, and Dr. Usher Parsons narrated the events of the battle, as they came under his (ibscrvatidu. The proceedings at the square were closed bv the imiiressive ceremonies of the Masonic orasmodic efforts, the Aid Society prevailed on a large number of citizens to make pledges of small, regular amounts weekly, on which the oflicers couhl rely to supply increasing needs. After the capture of Fort Donelson, a thousand sets of lios|)it,al clothing and a hundred and sixty boxes of supplies were sent forwanl. But it wjis after the bat- tie of Pittsburg I>anding that the greatest excitement prevailed. Nearly every regiment from the Western Ueservc was present, hundreds of men from Cuya- hoga county were among the killed and wounded, and the wliole community felt the shock. Thou- sands of conti'ibutions of every descripiiim Howcd in upon the ladies of the society, by whom they were forwarded to the sulTering soldiers. By the first of July, 1803, there were three huudicd and twenty-five societies organized as branches of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio. These associations collected funds and su|)plies in their own way, receiving suggestions from the Northern Ohio Society as to what was best to be done. The suj)- l)lies were then forwarded to the latter association which sent, them to whatever points they were most needed. The officers of the Northern Ohio Society refused to rcu-eive money from any of the snl)ordinale organizations; thinking it bettei" that it should be in- vested in material, prepareoin(ed chief geologist of tlie State of Ohio. As such, with a corps of assistants, he made an exhaustive geological survey of the State, omijodied in several valualile volumes. 15y the census of 1870 the population of the county, notwithstanding the war, had reached the number of one hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred and three. Of these ninety-two thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight wei'e in Cleveland, while tile remainder were to be found in the respective townships as follows: Bedford, 1,788 ; Brecksville, 1,007; Brooklyn, 3,713; Chagrin Falls, 1,331; Dover, 1,145 ; East Cleveland, .5,044; Euclid, 3,188; Independence, l,7(il ; Maylield, 81(3 ; Middleburg, 3.fWi3; Newbiirg, G,337; Olmstead, 1,570; Orange, 1,S03; J'aruui, 1,433; Uock])ort, 3,001; Royaton, 1,(189; Solon, SU'.J; Strongsville, 890; Warrensville, 1,43C. It will be seen that, while the agricultural tdwnship had increased very little, and some of them liad decreased, since the previous census, the poj)ula- lion of Cleveland liad more than doubled, besides tlie lai'gc number who had located in the adjoining towns, so as to become in fact suluiiban residents of tiie city. In 1873 the same causes, inllation and spccuhition, wliich had brouglit about the financial crash of 1837, produced another, far less violent than the one men- tioned but more injurious tlian that which occurred in 1857. business and improvements of all kinds received a severe check, five years saw but slight progress, and it is only during the present season tliat a decided change for the lictter has been oliserved. In 1875 tlu? fourth eourt-hous(! of Ciiyalioga county was b(igun, and so far completed in 187(> as to be used l)y the courts and for other public juirposes. The court-house erected in 1858 is also still in use. It is ■somewhat diflicult to describe the new one; for one liardly knows whether to give its dimensions and apiiearance as it is, or as it is to be. Probaljly tlic former is the safer method, with a brief reference to what, it may lie. The present liuilding, tlien, is of stone, and fronts on Seneca street, extending back nearly to the eourt- liouseof 1858. Its width is seventy-five feet and its depth ninety-two feet. There is a iiigh biisement story, occiqiied by some of the county ollicers and for other purposes. On the first story above this is a wide liall, with the rooms of tlic probate judge and sherilT on either side. On the second fioor is the criminal court room, sixty-eight feet long, sixty feet wide and thirty-five feet high, and very elaborately finished. On the third, or Mansard, floor are rooms for the use of juries and for other purposes. The proposed north wing is to be thirty-four feet front and eighty-four feet deej). The south wing is to be forty-nine feet front and eighty four feet deep, and it is expected that in due time it will be sur- mounted by a tower a hundred and twenty feet high. The wings, when coiupleted, are to be occupied by the various courts and county officers who are now located in the building of 1858. A very large and strong jail was also built in 1875, on the same ground (nortli of the court house), for- merly occupied by the jail of 1851, which was removed to give place to its successor. The new jail, very substantially built of stone, has three departments, respectively for men, women and boys. The men's department is sixty feet wide by a hundred and thirty feet long, with one hundred and twenty cells. The boys' dejjartmeut is twenty feet by twenty-four, with sixteen cells. The women's department is in the same building as the sheriff's residence, and like- wise has sixteen cells. The whole building last men- tioned is ninety feet by thirty-seven, and three stories high. Notwithstanding the financial closeness since 1873, numerous local improvements have been made throughout the county, which are noticed under their appropriate heads. We now close the consecu- tive record of Cuyahoga county for the purpose of presenting our readers with sketches of various or- ganizations pertaining to it, beginning with the regiments and batteries representing that county in the war f(;r the Union. CHAPTER X VI. FIKST AND FIFTH INFANTKVT. Organization of Fii-st Infantry— The Cleveland Orays— Vienna -Bull Run— KeorKanization for Three Years— Cnyahojia C'ompanies— In Kentueky anil Tennessee— t'ittsburg LandinK— A Fight at Iluntsville — Stone River— I'll ickamanga— Orchard Knob— Capture of Mission Ridge— llesaca— Burnt Hickory— Number of Kiigagenients— Muslered Out— Members from Cuyahoga County — The Fifth Infantry — Connec- tion with Cuyahoga County— .Meu Transfen-od from Seventh — List of Membci-s. l'll!ST IXFANTltY. The First Infantry w;is organized in April, ISGI, in response to the President's first call for troops. The Cleveland Grays, an old and highly esteemed militia organization, formed one of its companies, under Captain T. S. Paddock, and Lieutenants Jeremiah Ensworth and J. B. Ilampson. So pronijit was the answer to the call that within sixty hours afterwards the u'giment wa.s on its way to tiie capital. It was attached to (ieneral Schenck's brigade and was eii route to Vienna when its first engagement witii the eneiuy was had. The rebels fired into the train, wlieii the First cjuickly formed on the side of the 84 GENERAL IIISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. track, followed by the other regiments, aud made so effective a resistance as to be enabled to retire with but small loss. In the battle of Bull Eun the regi- ment took no active part, but rendered excellent ser- vice in guarding the retreat. In August, 1861, the reorganization of the regi- ment for three years' service was begun, but not completed until October. Company D was largely from Cuyahoga county, as well as a few men from companies F, G and I. In November the regiment was made a part of the Fourth Brigade of the Second Division, under General McGook. From December 17th, 1861, until February 14th, 1863, it remained in camp at Green River, Kentucky. On the 17th the brigade marched to Nashville; arriving five miles out on Franklin Turnpike it went into camp. On the .31st it crossed Duck river and moved toward Sa- vannah. On the morning of A[)ril Gtli the march was re- sumed. Savannah reached at lialf past seven p.m., and Pittsburg Landing at daylight the next morning. At six a.m., the First moved to the front and formed in line of battle. After fighting until noon, rejteatedly charging the enemy and recapturing Gen- eral Sherman's headcfuarters, the regiment retired to procure ammnnition. This being obtiiined, it again advanced and participated in the general charge on the enemy's front. The First was tJien sent to assist Colonel Gibson's command; arriving just in time to re])el a vigorous attack. In this battle the regiment was commanded by Colonel B. F. Smith, and lost sixty officers and men. On May 37th six companies of the Fii-st, under Major Bassett Langdon, had a sharj) fight at Bridge Creek. At lluntsville they took tlie cars and reached Boiling Fork, a tributary of the Elk river, July 1st. On tlie 38th the regiment moved to Altamont, and Sejitember 1st to Nashville, i)assing through Man- chester, Murfreesboro and Lavergne. At Dog-walk, on the 9th of October, the First took part in tlie bat- tle, and lost several men. On the 11th it joined General Buell's forces at Perryville. On December 31st the battle of Stone river com- menced. The First was stationed on tlie right of K. W. Johnson's division. A half hour's brisk skirmish- ing followed, and tlie enemy was promjitly checked. A heavy force appeared and made an attack on the First, compelling it to fall back. In doing this, much confusion occurred and the whole riglit wing was forced back. At the Nashville and Chattanooga rail- road re-enforcements arrived, and the enemv was driven back. After many Jiard marches and a number of sharp skirmishes, tlie regiment reached Stevenson, Alabama, August ;iOth, 1SG3, to take part in the Chickamauga campaign. On the 19th of September it reported to General Thomas, and was placed in the front line under lieavy firing. A charge was made on the ene- my. General Baird's position retaken and several l)ieces of artillery captured. A most terrific fight ensued in the darkness, and the First was compelled to change position. In doing this they fell back about one hundred and fifty yards. The enemy soon retired and the battle ceased for the night. The next afternoon the First and the Louisville Legion charged and put to rout a body of the enemy, but at length shared in the general disaster which befell the army. The regiment lost in this fight one hundred and twenty men. On the 30tli of October the First formed a part of the force that surprised and captured the ridge be- tween Lookout valley and Racoon mountain. On November 23d the regiment engaged in the bat- tle of Orchard Knob, and on the 2.5tli rendered noble service at the capture of Mission ridge. The entire loss of the Seventh during this battle was five officers and seventy-eight men, killed and wounded. On January 17th, 1864, during the East Tennessee cam- paign, the regiment had a brisk engagement at Straw- berry Plains, losing some men. On the Atlanta cam- paign. May 10th, 1864, at Buzzard's Roost, several were wounded and three killed. May 14th, at Re- saca, Georgia, two were killed and sixteen wounded, and the next day four were killed and twelve wounded. At Adairsville the regiment had a sliarp skirmish; losing two killed and two wounded. At Burnt Hick- ory, May 37th, eight men and two officers were killed and seventy-one men wounded. June'17th, at Keiie- saw, eight men were wounded. At the crossing of Chattalioochie river two men were killed. During its term of service the First was engaged in twenty-four battles and skirmishes, and liad five hundred and twenty-seven officers and men killed and wounded. The last man of the regiment was mus- tered out October lltli, 1S64. memii?;rs from cuyahqcja cohntv. FIELD AND STAFF. Edward .1. CoIIiua, enrolled August 17. 1861; promoted to First Lieuten- ant March '2^, 1863, aud to Regimental Quartermaster May 8, 1803. Mustered out with regiment September 34, 1864. William A. Davidson, enrolled as Corporal August ^, IStil ; promoted to Quartermaster. Mustered out with the regiment. .James Hill, enrolled as Regimental Quartermaster August 2:i, 18(jl; pro- moted to First Lieutenant and transferred to Company H .May 8, 1883. Resigned October 17, 1863. NOS-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Andrew J. Mabb, enrolled August 18, 1801; prtimoted to CNuumissary Sergeant. Mustered out with regiment. COMPANY D. .James B. Hampson, enrolled as Captain August 17, 1861 ; promoted l)e- ceruber 31, 1802, to Major 124th Regiment. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Georgia, May 27, 1864. (ienrge L. Hay ward, enrolled as First Lieutenant August 17, 1801; pro- moted to Captain December 10, 1862, to Lieutenant Colonel 12ULh Regiment .July 27th, 1863. Sylvanus S. Dixon, enrolled as First Sergeant August 20, 1861: promoted to Second Lieutenant June 21, 1802, and to First Lieutenant Novem- ber 1.5, 1863. Killed near Dallas. Georgia, May 27, 1H64 Alexander Varian, enrolled August 20, 1801 ; promoted to Second Lieu- tenant May 20, 1862, and to First Lieutenant December 10, 1862. Died June 2, 1861, of wounds received at Resaca, Georgia. William M. Clarpenter, enrolled as Second Lieutenant August 17, 1861; promoted to First Lieutenant May 26, 1862. Resigned April 10, 1863. Willard C. Prentiss, enrolled as Corporal August 20, l-Slil ; promoted to Second Lieutenjnt December 10, 1803. Resigned .June 10, 18(ii. Charles Wherritt, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861. William Duncan, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861. Henry Galloway, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861. SEVENTH INFANTRY. 85 Rtifiis A. Hampson, enrolled as Corporal September 1, 1861. Orriii .1. Hrown, eiirolloil as Corporal August 21), 1«CI. Oeorge A. Wilson, euniUed as Corporal August 30, 18(il. Killeil at tin hattle of Resaca, Georgia. Liavitl Alilricli, enrolled as Corporal August 31), 1801. CluincMil H. FariiT, enrolled as Corporal August 30, ISGl. Joli.i Mullen, enrolled as Mnsieian August 20, 18lil. James B. De Land, enrolled as Musloian August 30, 1801. Charles H. Anderton, enlisted August 17, 1861. Sanuiel M. Bearby, enlisted August 20, 1861. Killed. John L. Bueti B. Kelley, enlisted August 19, 1861. Albert C. Leach, enli.sted August 19, 1S71. Samuel A Lamoreaux, enlisted August 18. 1H6I. Jitseph C. Merrick, enlisted August 18, l^'61. Chester C. Pulver, enlisted August 17, 1861. Lonis W. Pick, enlisted August 17, 1861. Engeue Roberts, enlisted August 19, 1861. Charles L. Soobie, enlisted August 18, 1861. Frederick Scau, enlisted August 18, 1861. James M Sala, enlisted August 20, 1861. Benjamin Sala, enlisted August 20, 18hu A. Wilkinson, enlisted August 30, 1861. Julius C. Watterson, enli ted August 19, 1861. RolwrtF. Watterson, enlisted August 19, 1861. Frederick Zimmerman, enlisted August 18, 1861. William Hall, enlisted December 11, 186:1. Transferred to Company H. .lames McCJee, enlisted November 23, 1863. Transferred to Com pany H Simon Keck, enlisted Sept .luber 30, 18;! I. Dischnrgod November 1, 1865. J.aoob Welch, I'idisted SeptenilH'r 29, 1S61 Discharged October 1, 186.5. Ebene/.er Clark, enlisted January ."), 1861. Transferred to Couii)any H, Septi-mberl, 1861. Mustered out May 18, 1865. John Cartwright. enlisted January 1 1, 1864. Transferred to t'otnpany H, Septeinber 1. 1861. (leorge A. Joiee, enlisted January .■>, 18IV4. Transferred to Company II, September 1. 1861. Henry Lowes, enlisted December38, 1863. Transferred to Company 11 Si pt 1, 1861. Francis Moses, eldisted January 7, 1861. Transferred to Company II, September 1, 1861. Claytt)n E. Worden, enlisted December 19, 18(>i. Transferred to Com- pany II, September 1, 1864. FIFTH INFANTRY. TIk^ priiiiipiil CDnnectioii of this ro-jiiiu'iit willi Cuy:iliog;i comity arises from the fact that tliirty men of tiie Seventh Infantry, resident.s of tliat county, were transferred to the Fifth from tlie Seventh In- fantry, wlien the hitter was mustered out of service; the terms of tho.se men not having expireil. Al- tiiough tlie Seventh was musteretl out in June, 18G4, tlie tninsfcr was not consummated until October. With tlie Fifth they marchcil with Sherman on this grand eamptiig-i to tlie Sea, acconiiianied him through the Carolinas, and took part in the great review at Washington. Tlienec the regiment was sent to Louis ville, Kentucky, wlicrc it was mustered out of service on tlie 20tli day of July, 1805. .MK.MItKKS IRO.M CIVAIIOGA COUNTY. COMPANY O. AlUcrt Berger, enlisted August-'IO, 1862. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Henry Alexander, enlisted September 8, 1863. Mustered out .July 26, IHfWi. Solomon Brob-t, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus- tered out .June 31, 1.865. James C. Brooks, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out .Tune 21, 1865. Ed. A. Crosby, transferred from 7th Infantry OctoberSl, 1861. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Frank J. Covert, transferred from 7th Infantry Octi>ber 31. 1801. Mus- tered out June 21, 186.i. Peter M. Hardman, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1.861. Mus- tered out June 21 1865. James Lovelessrtransferreil from 7th Infantry October 31, 1K64. Dis- charged July 14, 1865. Jonathan Moore, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Dis- chai-ged July 7, 1865. Otis Martin, ti'ansferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 31, 1865. George W. Oliver, transferred from Tth Inlantiy OetoberSl, 1S6I. Mus- tered out June 31, 185.5. Abiaham Ramalia, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus- tered out June 21, 1865. James Hunt, transferred from 7tli Infantry October 31, 1861. Discharged May 39, 1865. Theod ire W. Pratt, transferred from 7tli Infantry October 31, IHIU. Mus- tered out June 21, 1865. William Stanford, tranferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus- tered out July 36, 1865. Charles Zimmerman, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mustered out June 21, 18t"i5. Charles Walley, transferred from rih Infantry October 31, 1M61. Mus- tered out Juno 31, 1865. Sigo Tyroler, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 31, 18(i5. Jacob Schneerberger, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Franz Schaedler, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus- tered out January 25, 1865. Michael Schmidt, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus- tered out July 3. 1865. Martin Saizer, tran-sferred from 7th Infantry October31, 1861. Clustered out June 31, 1865. John Schirssler, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1861. Joseph Rowe, transferred from 7tli Infantry October31, 1861. Woun.l.d June 37 Mustered out August 3, 1865. Henry Hoflfman, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1804. David F. Dove, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 18iU. Coney Doit/,, transferred from 7th Infant y October 31, 1861. Mustered out July 30, 1865. t;onrad Bnchm.in, transferred from 7lli Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus- tered out July 26. 1865. Willi.im Weber, traiuiferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1861. Andrew Rick, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, Mil. (Muistian Ottinger, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus- tered out May 31, 1865. Herman Tetzer, enhsted 1861. MnsU;red out .lune 2(, 1865 CIIAPTHK XVII. SEVENTH INFANTRY.* l>rgani/.ed for Three Months-First Field OHleers — Reorganized for Three Yeai-s Number from Cuyahoga County— Sent to West Vir- ginia—Its First Loss-Tlie Disaster at Cross Lanes — Goes east- Breaks up a Uelwl Camp— Battle of Winchester- Port Republic— Suc- cessive Repulses of the Enemy— Retreat of the Union Army— Cedar Mountain— Terrible Loss of the Seventh - Antietam — Driving the Enemy— Defeating Hampton at Dumfries Chancellorsville Gettys- burg—Ordered west-Missiim Ridge Taylor's Ridge— A Disastrous Repulse Deaths of Creighton and Crane Losses of the Ri-ginu^nt- - Its Services in 1861 -Pumpkin Vine Creek —Onlered Home— Grand Reception at Cleveland Mustered Out. The Seventh Infantry was organized for three months .«ervice, at ('amj) Taylor, Cleveland, in the latter part of April, 1801; three comiianies being •Condensed from Major O. L. Wood's "Seventh Regiment." 86 GENERAL IILSTOKY OF CUYAHOGA (.'OUNTY. from Cuyahoga county, and the remainder from other counties of the Western Reserve. It soon went to Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati. On the 11th of May the regiment elected E. B. Tyler, of Ravenna, as colonel; W. R. Creightou, of Cleveland, as lieu- teuant-colonel; aud J. S Casement, of Paincsville, as major. Three days later, on the three years call being submitted to the men, about three-fourths enlisted for that term. The others were discharged, recruiting officers were sent home, and on the I'Jth and 30th of June the Seventh Ohio Infantry, with full ranks, was mustered into the service fur three years. Companies A, B and K were i)rincipally from Cuy- ahoga county; Conii)any A, during the war, having a hundred and fifty-four men from that county; Com- pany B, eighty-four men, and Comjiany K, a hundred and sixteen. Besides these, Company C had twenty- seven men from Cuyahoga during the war; Company D, twenty-three; Company E, three; Company F, six; Company G, si.K; Company H, fourteen; and Company I, four; the (otal in the regiment, with field and staff, being four hundred and thirty-seven. In the last days of June the Seventh was ordered to Clarksburg, West Virginia. While there, a stand of colors was presented to it on behalf of the German Turners Society, of Cleveland. The first severe march was made from that |)lace to Weston, thirty miles distant, on the last afternoon aud night of June. After scouting in this vicinity a short time, the Seventh marched to the Gauley valley. On the 1.5th of August it took post at Cross Lanes, where its suffered its first loss. Cajitaiu Schutte and fourteen men of Comi)any K, while on a scout, were ambushed; the cajitain being mortally wounded, and all but four of the men being also killed or wounded. Having retired from Cross Lanes, aud being or- dered to return, it reached there alone on the even- ing of August 25th. N.ext morning it was vigorously attacked by a heavy rebel force, and some of the com- panies thrown into confusion. Captain Crane, with Company A, made a charge, piercing the rebel line and capturing a stand of colors. His detachment was cut off from the main body, however, aud obliged to escape through the mountains to Gen. Cox's army at Gauley Bridge. Four hundred men under Major Casement, being nearly surrounded by an overwhelm- ing force, also escaped through the mountains. Others escajied singly or in sipiads, but the regiment had twenty-one men kilii'd and uciunded, and ninety- six taken prisoners. The last of October the regiment tciok i)art in driv- ing the rebel Gen. Floyd from his intrenchments on Cotton Hill, but without loss. In December the Seventh moved to Romney, near the Potomac, and in the forepart of January, 1802, with several other regiments, made a vigorous and successful movement, breaking up the intrenched camp of a rebel colonel in the mountains, and killing and capturing about a hundred of his men. During the remainder of the winter the Seventh served under that brave and enterprising leader. Gen. Lander, and after his sudden death passed under the command of Gen. James Shields. On the 11th of March liis command occupied Winchester, and on the 27th the Seventh took part in its first severe battle, that of Winchester. After the enemy's plans had developed themselves, the Third brigade, with the Seventh Ohio at its head, was sent to charge a battery, holding an important j>ositioii, in Hank. A heavy rebel force was stationed in sujjport, behind a ravine and a stone wall. The column charged gallantly, and, although unalile at once to drive the foe from his strong position, held its ground aud maintained a desperate conflict. Re- inforcements came up on both sides, and the two armies were soon fully engaged in furious strife. Near night the rebels began to retreat. The Union army made a charge along its whole line and the re- treat soon became a rout. Two pieces of artillery and four caissons were captured by the Third brigade. The enemy was pursued the next day, but could not be overtaken. The Seventh had fourteen killed ami fifty-one wounded in this battle. After various marches in the valley of the Shenan- doah, the regiment took part in the battle of Port Republic on the '.tth of June. While it was support- ing a section of Huntington's battery, the enemy charged the guns. The Seventh lay hidden by a grow- ing field of wheat until the rebels were within easy range. Then the ringing tones of the gallant Crcigh- ton were heard, giving the order to rise up aud fire. A shower of bullets riddled the lines of the atlvanc- ing column. It staggered and halted. The Seventh dashed forward, and after a short but desperate con- flict tiie foe was driven back, followed by the victori- ous men of Ohio. Another charge on the extreme right was also rei>elled by the Seventh and some other troops. The fiery Jackson was in command of the Confederates and a third assault was soon made on the Union center, which was repulsed with still more loss than before. Another attack was made, and a Ijattery captured on tlie Union left. The Fifth and Seventh Ohio were directed to regain it. Under a tremendous fire they dashed up a hill and drove the rebels from the guns. Five color-bearers of the Seventh were shot down in as many rods. Lieutenant King seized the flag as the fifth man fell, pressed forward and was followed bv the regiment, which drove the enemy to the shel- ter of a neighboring hill. From this, too, they were driven by the gallant Seventh and their comrades. At this time large reinforcements joined the enemy, and as General Shields, with a portion of the Union army, was several miles in the rear, General Tyler, who was in command, thought it best to retreat. In this conflict the Seventh had nine men killed, and SEVENTH INFANTRY. 87 two officers and fifty-ei<;lit men wounded; one of the olliccrs l)cing C;ii)(:iiii Woixl. aiiUioi- of tJit; liisloiy of I lie refjinient. Cdloiiel Tylor having received a brigadier's star, Liciilouant-Colonel (!reigliton liad boon made colonel, :iiid daptaiii Crane, of (Company A, major. IV'iug sent to Alexandria, tiic icgimcnl I'omained Micro a month, and then joined McDowell's forces in central N'irginia. On the OtJi of August the brigade to which tlie Seventh belonged, then commanded by (ieneral Geary, was with Ranks at Cedar Mountain. In (lie afternoon the Seventh, which was stationed on 'i'clcgraph Hill, was ordered forward uiulcr the fire of I hilly pieces of artillery, to oc(!upy a cornfield in front (if it. Tliougli its ranks were torn by cannon balls and slu^ll, and its men were falling at every step, it moved steadily forward aiul occupied the assigned position. At four o'clock it moved into a meadow, and alone engaged in a desperate conflict with a vastly superior force of the enemy. Creighton was wounded and forced to retire. Crane was disabled. Captain .Molyneaux took command. At length, when out of tlircH hundred and seven men a hundred and eighty- one, nearly two-thirds of the whole number, wove kilh'il or wounded, the little liand who remained nn- iiijiired shtwiy and sullenly fell back to a safer jiosition. Even then its losses were not ended, for at night it was sent out on picket, and while advancing was fired on by heavy forces in front, ami on both Hanks, and was forced to retire. During the night lianks' entire corjjs withdrew to the position it had helil before the i)attle. Three otliccM's and twenty-seven men of the Seventh were killed in this battle, and eight otlicc^rs and a hundred anil forty-three men wounded. The regiment next retreated with ro|ie"s command to Washington, but was not engaged during the time. Soon moving north with McClellan, on the 17th of September the depleted band, scarcely to be called a regiment, took part in the battle of Antietam. Ordered to attack the enemy, strongly posted behind a rail fence in the edge of a wood, the Seventh with other troops maintained a lierce eonllict with mus- ketry for an liour and a half, then chai'gcd and 1. Promoted to Major May 26, 1S02, and to Lieutenant Colonel March 2, 1863. Killed at Mission Ridge November 27, 1883. Morris Baxter, enrolled as Corporal April 22, ISCil. Promoted to Ser- geant June 20, 1861; to Second Lieutenant Company H, June 1, 18(i:j; and to Adjutant September 1, 1803. Died November 30, 1863, from wounds received at RingRold, Georgia, November 27, 1803. John C. Ferguson enrolled as Assistant Surgeon May 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment July 8, 1864. John Morris, enrolled as Quarter Master April 2'), 1861. Resigned De" cember21, 1861. Dean C. Wright, enrolle1 ; promoted to Ser- geant Novenib'-T 2(), 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. John IL Mallory. enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant May 14 1862. Mustered out with the regiment. Francis WiUiams, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant September 1, 186:j. Mustered out with the regiment. John H. Galvin, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal September 1, 1862, and to Sergeant January 16, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment. Albert Bishop, enlisted lune 17, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Joseph McClain, enlisted .June 19, 1861; made Bugler July 22, 1862. Mus- tered out with the regiment. Hiram V. Warren, enlisted June 10, 1861; promoted to Cori>oral May 14, 1862. Mustered out with the regiment. Henry A. Blaiklock, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the n^g- imeut. Joseph T. Brightmore, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Frederick W. Brand, enlisted Jime 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg- iment. Carlos A. Burroughs, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg- iment. .John Cronin, enlisted June 10, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Andrew J, Crippen, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Henry C. Eckert, enUsted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Jacob F Houek, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Benjamin Hatfield, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Robert B. Johnston, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Luther W. I^nomis, enlisteil .luni- 19, 1861. Mustereil out with the regi- ment, Alonzo J. Morg.m, enlisted Jiuia 19, 1801. Mustered out with the regi- ment. SEVENTH INFANTRY. 89 CharlPR E. Prehlo, cnlistml June Ifl, 18(11. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Charles W. Powell, eiih.steil .June I'.l, 18lil. Mustercil out willi tlie regi- ment. Tlionms V. Shorwootl, enlisted June 111, IHHI. Mustered out with the reg- iment. Alfred W. Smith, enlisted June 10, ISfil. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Edward A, Swayne, enlisted June l!l, lsi;i. Musteml out with the regi- mi-nt. ('harles W. Smith, enlisted Juno I'l, I'^il. Mustered out with the regi- ment. William H. Thurston, enlisted June 1(1, 1R6I. Mustered out with the reg- iment. (leorge K. Vaughn, enlisted June 10, IHIM. Miistei-erl out with the regi- ment. .lames White, enlisted Jtme 19, 18111. Left in hospital at Cincinnati. Kichard I^. Wilsilon, enlisted June lit, isiil. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Townley Oillett, enlisted June 1(1, 18111 ; promoted to Corporal. Killed at Port Repnblie. Virginia, June 9, 1882. Alfrerl Austin, enlisted ,Iinie 19, 1801; promoted to Coqioral September 11. INfil, Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 28, 18ti.i. John D. Craig, enlisted June 19, Isill ; promoted to Corpora 1 October .Sii, I8(il. Killed at Clmncellorsville, Virginia. May 2, 18G:). John ('. Collett, enlisted June 19, 1^61; promoted to Corporal. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 186.-). .Joseph Hlaekwell, enlisted September 20, 18151. Killed at Cedar Moun- tain, Virginia, August 10, 1802. John B!indle, enlisted June 19, 1801. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, May 2, 1802. Charles II. Cheeney, enlisted August 7, 1862. Killed at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 1, 180:1. Henry A. Pratt, enlisted June 19, 1801. Killed at Chancellorsville. Vir- ginia, May 3, 180:i. Charles Stern, enlisted Jime 19, ISOl. Killed .at Winchester, Virginia, March 2:j, 1S02. Adolph Snider, enlisted June 19, 18*11. Killed at Port Republic, Vii-ginia, August 9, 1802. Ki>hr.aira M. Towne, enlisted June 19, 1801. Killeil at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 186;). Morris J. Holl.v, enrolled as Corporal .Time 19, 1801 ; promoted to Ser- geant: taken prisoner July 22, 186.3. Mustered out December 17, 1804. William Kehl, enrolled .lune 19, 1961. Missing since battle of Winchester, Virginia, March 2:1, 1802. l^onanl Waeker, enlisted June 19, 1861. Missing since battle of Cedar Mo'jntain, Virginia. August 9. 1862. Teeodore Lecomjite, enrolled as Sergeant .June 18, 1801. Died ai Sutton, Virginia, July 28, 1801. Henry J.Brown, enlist<.-d June 19,1861; promoted to Corporal. Died August 20, 1802. at Alexandria, Virginia, of wounds received at Cedar Moimtain, August 9, 1802. I'",dward T. Kelley, enlisted .lime 19, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Died April 20, 1802, from wounds received at Winchester. Francis 1. Werji, enlisted June 19, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Died January .">, 183:1, at Alexanilria, Virginia, from wounds received at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 18<;2. Morrison J. Cannell. enlisted September 11, 18(il. Died at Newbtirg, Ohio, Novend>er 18, 1801. Thomas Dowse, enlisted August 14, 1862. Die«l at Chattanooga, Tennes- .see, December 19, 186:1, from woimds received at Ringgold, G*'orgia, Novemljer 27th. Abraham Ointer, enlLsterl June 19 1861. Died at Alexandria, Virginia. September 1, 1862, from wounds re«eived at Cftdar Mountain, An gtist 9th. JiM-emiah C. Jones, enlisted June 19, 1801. Died at iiriilgeport, Alabama. Ki-hruary 22, 1861. Willis K. McLain, eidisted June 19, 1801. Died at (fauley Ridge, Virginia. S*'ptember 27, 1801, from accidental wound. Michael McCaime, enlisted October .10, IKOI. Dieil at Charleston, Vir ginia, November 8, 18'U, of accidental wound. Thomas Shepley, enli.sled June 19, 1801. Died at Carnifax Ferry, Vir- giuia, September 2, 1861, from woimils reeeiveer 27. Chester W. Brmlley, enlist<*d August 8, 1802; taken prisoner at Dumfries, Virginia, December 27, 1861; was paroled and exchangeil. Mustered out May 10. 180.5. Simon J. Chelsey, enlisted August i:i, 1S02. Furloughed June 1, 18l« and never rejoined the regiment. Evan Evans, enli.sted June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Cross I^nes, Vir- ginia, August 26, 1802; paroled and exchanged hut never rejoined the regiment. 12 Andrew J. Scovill, enlisted June 19, 1801 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1802; ])aroled and exchanged but never rejoined the regiment. Carlos A. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1801; promoted to Sergeant. Dis- charged for disability December 21, 1801. Frank Dutton, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1801. Discharged for disa- bility caused by wounds received at Cross Lane August 27th. Milton D. Holmes, enlisted June 19, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis- charged Jamiary 6, 18tJ.3. Aaron C Lovett. enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged September 11, 1802, for ilisahility caused by wounds receive1. Discharged for disability Decem- ber 24, 1802. J.-imes J. Lloyd, enlisted June 19, Isoi. Discharged for ilisabiiity Jan- uary 2. 186:). William Lucas, enlisted September 8, 1802, Discharged fi>r disability February S, 1863. Fred. G. McDowell, enlisted June 19, |80I. Discharged for disability February 1, 1862. Joseph Miller, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability July 10, 1802. Isaju- Masclleld, enlistcil June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Janu- ary 10, 1803 Stephen Mills, enlisted August 11, 1802. Discharged for disability Feb- ruary 9, 186). .John II. Prestage, enlist.d June 19, lMi;i. Disiliarged for disability December 2:), 1801 J.ilm (i. Parsons, enlisted .lune 19, l.SOl. Discharged for disaliility January 8, I8t>3. Charles H. Ranney, enlisted June 19. 180]. Dischargeil for disability October li. 18<(I. Thomas Riehell. enlisted June 19, 1861. Disi-hargeil for disability Sep- tember 30, 1803. Edward St. I..awrence, enliste1. Discharged for disability March 31, 1863. Ford W. White, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Octo- ber 20, 1861. William Saddler, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861; promoted to Ser- geant. Transferred to the invalid corps January 1.5, 1SB4. John H. Bower, enlisted June 19. 1861. Transferred to the invalid corps September 1, iWi. Theo. F. Hammond, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to invalid corps July 1, 186.3. Jacob Heege, enlisted August 11, 1862. Tranterred to invalid corps September 1, 1863. Frederick Ehode.s, enlisted August 8, 1808; transferred to invalid corps January 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 180,5. Isaac Stratton, enlisted April 20, 1861. Transferred to Company F, June 20, 1861. Myron H. Whaley. enlisted June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1861. Exchanged and transferred to 8d United States Cavalry. Albert D. Forby, enlisted August 31, 1862; transferred to Company B, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1804. Mustered out May 30, 1865. William Southwell, enlisted August 26, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861; promoted to Sergeant November 23, 18M: mustered out June 5, 1865. Stephen Averill. enlisted August 5, 1.S62. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, and promoted to Corporal October 31, 1864; mus- tered out May 29, 1865. Thomas Ryan, enlisted July 2, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; promoted to Corporal March 1, 1865; mustered out June 5, 1805. Edwin L. Wright, enlisted August 25, 1802. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, and promoted to Corporal October 31, 1801; mus- tered out Jime 5, 1865. Ilichard L. Barber, enlisted August 80, 1802; Transferred to Company B. Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out May 30, 1865. John Eucher, enlisted August 31, 1802; Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804; mustered out July .5, 186.5. John Gear, enlisted August 2, 1802; Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804; mustered out June 5, 1805. William Horn, enlisted August 1, 1802. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31. 1864; mustered out June 5, 1.865. Jacob Ott, enlisted August 19, 184. Mustered out .January, 22. 1865. Samuel E. Gordon, enlisted April 32, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Janu ary 1, 18a2. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1808. Mustered out July 0, 1864 Edward E. Stebbins, enrolled as Drummer, June 80 1861. Mustered out J>dy 6. 1861. Andrew AttofE. enlisted April 83, 1801. Taken prisoner at Dumfries, Virginia, December 87, 1802. Rejoined the Company, June 5, 1863. Mustered out July 0, 1864. Daniel T. Boyle, enlisted June 6, 1861. Taken prisoner at Cross Lanes. Virginia. August 26, 1861; released lune 6, 1868. Wounded at Cban- cellorsville. May 3, 1863. Transfered to Invalid Corps, September 30. 1863. Lucius Aley, enlisted June it). 1861. Mustered out July 6. l.^l. Charles F. Chase, enlisted June 7, 1861. Transferred to Battery I, Fii-st Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861. Jacob A. Carson, enlisted August 82. 1862. Wo\mded at (ieltysbiu-g, July 3, 1.863. and at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 19, 1801. Trans- ferred to (Nnnpany B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1801. Discharged June 5. 1865. Sylvester Carter, enlisted August 7, 1862. Womided at Dumfries. Vir- ginia, December 27, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regi- ment. October 31, 1801. Mustered out May 30, 1805, Edward Case, enlisted September 3:!, 180:i Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Absent at Hospital since 84th April, 1865. Francis Clifford, enlisted June 80, 1861. Mustered out July 6, 1804. John F Gordon, enlisted August 13, 1863. Taken prisoner at Dumfries, Virginia, December 27, 1803 Released and rejoined the C'ompany. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 180:3. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment October 31, 18(il. Mustered out July 36, 1865 George H. Simmonds. enlisted June 10. 1,861. Transferred to Battery I. First Ohio Light Artillery. December 5, 1801. Albert A. Wooley, enlisted June 5, 1801 . Transferred to Battery I, First Ohio Light Artillery, Decembers, 1861. Guslavus A. Zirnier, enlisted June 8, 1801. Discharged for disability December 5, 1802. Ernest A. Zwicker, enlisted April 83, 1861. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1802, Discharged October 25, 1862. Renssalear R. Peebles, enlisted May 30, 1861. Discharged November 30, 1861. Albert E. Withers, enlisted June 6, 1861. Wounded at Winchester, Vir- ginia, March 3:i, 1.803. Dischar ed October 84. 1803. George A. Wood, enlisted June 6, 1.S61. Wounded at Antietam, Mary- land, September 17, 18ij3. Discharged October 24, 1862. Mitchell St. Ange, enlisted June 11, 1861 . Wounded at c:hancellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 1863. Leg crushed in railroad accident. Discharged January 23, 1864. Duncan Reid, enlisted June 8, 1861. Wounded at Winchester, Virginia. March 2:). 1802. Discharged July .30, 1803. Joseph G.asser, enlisted .June 80, 1861 . Wounded at Winchester, Vir- ginia, March 83, 1803. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Frank Ilenrich, enlisted Jime 30, 1861. Wounded at Cedar lilouulain. Virginia, August 9, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864. SEVENTH INFANTRY. 91 Joseph Kubler, enlisted June 30, 1801. Wounded at Antietam, Septem- ber 17, 1803, aud ot Chancollorsville, May 3, 18G3. Mustered out July 0, ISiil. Bernard Mulgrew, eulisUnl June 30, 18B1. MusU^red out July C, 1H«4. Tlionias C. Kiddle, enlisted June 20, ISfil. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August !», 1S63. Mustered out with the Regiment JulyU, ma. K. M. MoClainin, enlisted June 30, ISlil, Wounded at (Settysburg, July 1, 18Ki. Mustereil out with the Resiment. David Kussell, enlisted June 30, 1801 Mustered out with the Kegimeut. Juhnsou Russell, enlisted June 30, Wil. Mustered out with the Regi- ment. Ueorge t'. Robinson, enlisted Juno 30, 18U1. Taken prisoner at Cross Lanes. Virginia, August 30, l.Stil. Released June 0, 1»03, but never rejoined the Company. (Jeorge Sti'iiiberger, enlisted June 20, ISOl. Wounded at Antietam, Jlaryhind. Sei>lember 17, 1803. Clustered out with the Regiment. Krederiek Spencer, enlisted June 20, 1801. Mustered out with the Reg' iment . (inslavus Sehmidt, enrolled as Sergeant June 30, 1801. Mustered out witli the regiment. James E. Wyalt, enlisted June 20, 1801. Mustered out with tlie regiment. George W. Williams, enlisted June 20, 1801 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes. Virginia. August 30, 1801 ; released January 6, 1862. Mustered out with the regiment. Starr B. Woml, enlisted April! 33, 1801; deserted December 10, 1801; re- joined the company September 11, 1H03; wounded at Dallas, Georgia, May 35, 1801. Mustered out with the regiment. Thomas C. Brown, enlisted April ti. 1801; promoted to Corporal. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August !>, 1H03. Claik L. Wilson, enlisted June 30, 1801; |)r .moted to Corporal. Killed at C:edar Mountain, Vii'ginia, August » 1803. William Adams, enlisted June 30, 1801. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Au- gust !), i8ti2. James Carroll, enlisted June 20, 1801. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1,S03. Allien C. Lamb, enlisted June 30. 18til. Killed at Winchester, March 33, 1803. KUeridge Meacham, enlisted April 33, ISOl. Killed at Antietam, Mary- land September 17, 1803. Kdgai G. Meekins, enlisted March 7, 1803. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Virginia. August 0, 1802. tieorge O. Sperry, enlisted June 20, 1801. Killed at Antietam, Maryland, September 17, 1803. Grant Goodrich, enlisted Juno 30, I.S01. Died in hospital at Alexandria, Virginia, July 39, 1803, James McCabe. enlisted June X. 1801 ; taken Drisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 30, 1801 . Paroled and died at Cleveland, Ohio, while on furlough January — , 1803. Morris Uaxter, see Field and Staff. Asa H, l'"itch, enrolled as Sergeant April 33, 1801; wounded at Winches- ter, Virginia. March 2:i, 1803. Discharged December 19, 1873. Neliemiah O. Kddy, enlisted AprU 33, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis- charged July 1 1, 1803. David I. ICnekial enrolled as Corporal June 20, 1861 ; promoted April 18 1803, to Sei-geant . William E. Smith, enrolled as Corporal June 30, 1801; wounded at Win- chester, Virginia, March 33, 18, 18(;3. Discharged October 18. 1803. Charles Cunningham, eulisted April i'i. 1801. Discharged September 10, 1803. William Council, enlisted June 30, 1801 ; wounded at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1803. Discharged Oclolicr 18, 1802. Charles L. Chapman, enli-ted A|iril 33, 1801. Taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1801. Released January 13, 1863, aud discharged. • lohn Coyle, cnllste03. Discharged for disability Feb- ruary 2, 1803. Kugene W. Elliott, enlisted June 30, 1801. Discharged July 10. 1803. Charles Kagan, enlisted June aJ. 1801; wounded at Winchester, Vir- ginia. March ■£>. 1.803. Dischargeil January I, 1863. Leonard Geitz, enlistcnl June 30, 1861. Discharged May 2.). 18(i3. .losiah M. Holt, enlisted April 2:), 1801. Dischai-ged .lanuary 'J, 1803. riiny E. Hill. enllsU-d June 20, 1861 ; wounded at Cedar Mountain, Vir- ginia, August 9, 1803, and at Antietam, Maryland, September 17, 18ia. Dischargeil October 3."i, 1863. ,lohn Hayli>r, enlisted June 20. 1801. Dischargeil November 13, 18B2. Benjamin Haahtield, eulisttd June 30, 1881; wounded at Cedar Moun- tain, Virginia, August 9, 1863. Discharged November 0. 1863. John D. .lones. enlisted Juue 30. 1.861. Dischargeil February 1, 1862, William F. Latch, enlisted April 23, 1801; wouuiled at Ci^dur Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1802. Dischai-ged January 29, 186:1. Edward L. Marble, enlisted April 33, 1861. Discharged February 1, 1802. Roswell E. Mathews, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged for disability November 38, 1802. Martin Nicholas, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged January 9, 1803. Charles Cowan, enlisted April 22, 1801 ; discharged at hospital, March 1, 180:t; re-enlisted September 25, 1803; wounded July 30, 1.S04; trans ferred to Company B., 5th Regiment, October 31, 1804. Mustered out July 30, 1805. C0M1'.\NV I,'. Llewellyn R. Davis, enrolled as Cori>oral .June 19, 1801. Promoted to Second Lieutenant Company D, May 1. 1803; to First Lieutenant Company E, November 2, 1803; to Captain Company C, March 30, 1804. Taken prisoner at Dallas, Georgia, May 35, l.SGl. Discharged December 19, 1801. Re-onlisted as Lieutenant Colonel of tho One Hundred and Eighty Seventh Regiment, Marcli|3, 1805. Mustered out January 23, 1800. Charles E. Wall, enlisted August 23, 1803. Killed at Ringgold, Geoi-gia, November 37, 18*i3. Joseph McCauon. enlisted August 35, 1862. Died July 23, 1863, from wounds receiveil at Gettysburg, July 3. Levi Myers, eidisted August 30, 1803. Died in hospital at Nashville, De- cember 30. 1803. Thouuis Sweet, enlisted August 39, 1803. Died November 30, 1803, of wounds received at Ringgold, November 37. Nicholas Gaflett, enlisted September 10, 1803. Discharged February 18, 1863. Philip Grigsby, enlisted September II, 1863. Discharged July »1, 1803, because of wounds received at Dumfries, Virginia, December 37, 18(i2. Edward E. Kelsey, enlisted February 27, 1-02. Discharged March 23, 1804. True Raud, enlisted August 30, 1803. Transferred June II, 1804, to Com- I)any B, Fifth Infantry. John I'hillips, enlisted September 8, 1802; wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1803. Transferred Juno 11. 1804, to Company B, Fifth Infantry. William O. Barnes, enlisted August 15, 1803; wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 37, 1863. Transferred to Fifth Regiment, Com- pany B, October 31, 1864. Discharged for disability. Freeman Bunker, enlisted August :10, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804, and promoted to Corporal. Mus- tered out June 5, 1805. Alfred T. Dann, enlisted September 13, 1803. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Mustered out Juiu- 5, 1805. John Finneran. enlisted September 4, 1803. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, ISOl. Mustered out July 36, 1865. Daniel P. Wood, enlisted August 13, 1803. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 37. 186:1. Benjamin L. Sevey, enlisted August 33, 1803. Discharged for disability February 5, 180:). R. C. Van Orman, enlisted August 30, 1863. Discharged for disability February 15, 18iM. James W. Raymond, enlisted August 6, 1863. Promoted to Corporal. Wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 186:j. Transferred Juue II, 1804. to Fifth Infantry, lames C. Bartlett, enlisted August 18, 1863. Transferred June 11, 1864 to Fifth Infantry. Franklin M. Forbes, enlisted August 14, 1803. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged. Silas Gleason, enlisted Augu 1 9, 1803. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment. October 31, 1804. Mustered out May 30, 1805. William Grant, enlisted August 11, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Transferred again to Veteran Reserve Corps . Owen Hicks, enlisted August 30, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment. October 31, 1804. Promoted to Fii-st Sergeant June 180.5. Mustered out July 30, 1805. .lohn T.,owrey, enlisted August :M, 1802. Transferred to Comi)aiiy B, Fifth Regiment. Octol)er 31, 1804. Mustered out Jidy 30, 1805. James T. Myers, enlisted August :iO, 1803. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861. Mustcri'd out June ii, 1865. William Proctor, enlisted August :», 1803. Transferred to Company B_ Fifth Regiment. October 31, 1801. Transferred agam to Veteran Reserve Corps. Joseph M . Stowc. enlisted August 30, 1802. Transferred to Company B> Fifth Regiment Oct<)ber31, 1801. Mustered out May l."i, 1863 Mitchell H Sheldon, enlisted August io. 1803. Transferred toCompany B. Fifth Regiment OcUiber 31, 18iH, and promoted to Sergeant Mustered out Jinie 5, 1805. COMPANY 1). George Shively . enlisted August 25, 1808. Discharged fordisability Jau- uarj' 13, 180:1. John B. Wirts, enlisted August 14, 1803. Discharged for disability Feb- ruary 19, 1803. FrcHlerick Bose, enlisted March 20, 1802. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, Octolier 31, 18(H Disehai-god March 30, 1863. Edwin Green, eidisted August lu, 1863. Transferred Juno 11, 1801, to Fifth lufrntry. 92 GENEKAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. William J . Hutcliiuson, enlisted August 15, 1863. Transferred to Com- pany B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, lbU4. Mustered out June 5, 1S65. Westal W. Huut, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, WIH. Mustered out June 5, 1M!5. George Henrick, enlisted August 25, 1862. Transferred to Company B. Fiftli Regiment, Octuber 31, ISW. Mustered out July 12, 1865. Sherman R. Norris, enlisted August -S. lH*i2. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, m'A. Mustered out June 5, 18(i5. Albert W. Nash, enlisted August 2(1, 1H62. Transferred to Comjiany B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Mustered out July 26, 1865. Samuel R. Pullman, enlisted August 13, 1S62. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. George Valleau, enlisted October ri, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861. Discharged for disability. John A. B'ranks, enlisted June VJ, 18iil: taken prisoner May 3, 1863; re- .ioined the Company November 5, 1863. Mustered out July 7, 1864. Alfred E. Smith, enlisted June 7, 1861. Mustered out with the Company July 7, 1861. Perry H. Smith, eulisted Juno 7 1861. Mustered out with the Company. Norraau L. Norris, enlisted April 2;i, 1861 ; promoted to corporal. Died at Alexandria, Virginia, September 4, 1862, from wounds received at Cedar Mountain August iilh. Emory W. Force, enlisted us sergeant Jime 19, 1861. Discharged for disability May 10, 1862. Amos C. Fisher, enlisted June l!l, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis charged for disability May 10, 1862. John A. Cutler, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 22, 1863. Thomas M. Lander, enlisted June 111, 1861. Discharged October 27, 1862. John Rowe, enlisted June HI, 18<)1. Discharged October 11', 1862. .Tames A. Rubicon, enlisted June I'J, 1801. Discharged for disability Oc- tober 30, 1862. Stephen A. Smith, enlisted June 7, 1861. Discharged for disability June 16, 1S6S. COMPANY E. Oliver Griunell, enlisted August 30, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1863. Daniel Floro, enlisted September 3, 1862. Died at Alexandria, Virginia, Januarys, 18&i. Jesse Floro, enlisted September 3, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Mustered out June 5, 1865. COMPANY F. Albert C. Burgess, transferred from Company A. Promoted to Captain November 25, 1861 . Resigned July 'J, 1862. Oscar W. Sterle, enrolled as Sec'»nd Lieutenant of Company K June 17, 1861. Promoted to First Lieutenant February 2, 1863, and trans- ferred to Company F. Resigned April 18, 1863. Harlow Camp, enlisted August SI, 1862. Died at Harper's Ferry, Vir ginia, November 25, 1863. John Rohr, enlisted June 30, 1861. Discharged for disability October 1, 1862. Re-enlisted October 23, 1802. Accidentally wounded, and dis- charged July 3, 1803. John Bergin, enlisted October 10, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry. William Stanford, eulisted March 28, 18tM. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Isaac Stratlon, enlisted April 20, 1861, in Company A. Transferred to Company F, June 20, 1861 . Promoted to Sergeant February 28, 1863. and to First Sergeant September 1, 186^1. Wotmded slightly at Chan- cellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 186^1. Lost left eye at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 25, 1864. Albert Stedman, eulisted March 27, 1802. Killed at Port Republic, Vir giiua, Junea, 1802. Enoch M. Douthett, enlisted August 8, 1862. Died at Dumfries, Virginia, March 4, 1863. George H. Clark, eulisted. September 13, 1863. Transferred to the Inva- lid Corps August 15, 1803. Tunis S. Danforth, enlisted Jidy 2ti, 1802. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Ephraim FUckinger, enUsted August 11, 1802. Transferred to Invalid Corps, August 11, 1863. John Garrison, eulisted August 8, 1868. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865. Christian Nesper, enlisted in Company K, April 22, 1861. Promoted to Second Lieutenant, July 25, 1862; to First Lieutenant, November 1. 1883, and to Captain; traustei red to Company H, April 23, 1864- Mus- tered out July 7, 1864. Amnion D. Baruum, enlisted August 21, 1802. Died at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, February 12, 1863. Samuel H. Bamum, enlisted August 20, 1802. Died at Washington, D. C, May 17, 186;3, from wounds received at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 3. William H. Fox, enlisted August 26, 1862. Discharged November 30, 1863, for disabili y caused by wounds. Solomon Bi-obst, enlisted September 6, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. James C. Brook.s, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company 0. Fifth Regira. ut, October 31, 1864. Ed. A. Crosby, enlisted August 13, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Frank .1. Covert, enlisted August 33, 186'2. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Peter M. Hardman, enlisted August 37, 1862. Transferred to Company 0, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. James Loveless, eulisted August 38, 1802. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, Octiiber 31, 18IU. Jonathan Moore, enlisted August 38, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Otis Martin, enlisted August '23, 1863. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. George W. Oliver, enlisted August 11, 1863. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Abrabaiu Kamalia, enlisted August 33, 1862. Transferred to Comiiany O, Fifth Regimeut, October 31, 1864. James Hunt, enlisted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Ctiuipany G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Randall B. Palmer, enlisted December 17, 1861. Discharged for disa- .ibility July -ii, 1862. Thomas B. Dorau, enlisted June 111, 1861. Transferred to Veteran Re- serve Corps, March 16, 18i>4. George Metcalf, enlisted December 17, 1861. Transferred to Comjiany B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged at end of term, December 17, lS(i4. Theodore W. Pratt, enlisted December 17, 1861. Transferred to Com- pany G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. COMPANY K. John T. Schulte, enrolled as Captain April H-i, IWil. Killed in skirmish near Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1861. E. T. Krieger, enrolled as First Sergeant April 2-2, 1861; promoted to First Lieutenant April 13, 1862, and to Captain February il, 1863. Mustered out jiily 0, 1864 L, F. Mitchelm, enrolled as First Lieutenant June 17, 1861. Resigned April 13, 1802. Christian Nesper. enli-sted April 22, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant July 25, 1862; to First Lieutenant November 1, 1863, and to Captain Company H April 33, 1864. Oscar W. Sterle, enrolled as Second Lieutenant June 17, 1861; promoted to First Lieutenant February 2, 186'2, and assigned to Company F. Charles Ludwig, enlisted June 3, 1861 ; promoted to P'irst Sergeant Feb- ruary 1, 1861. Mustered out with the Company July 7, 1861. George Sold, enlisted April 32, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Blustered out with the company. John Hacfele, enlisted April 'H, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the company. Conrad Sommers, enrolled as Corporal April 32, 1861. Mustered out with the company. John Schott, eulisted April 22, 1861; promoted to Corpural. Mustered out with the company. Charles Zinunernian, eulisted August 2, 1802. Transferred to Company G. 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Charles Walley, enlisted August 9, 1862. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Charles Haehkel, enlisted April '23, 1861. Transferred to Mississippi Ma- rine Brigade. Sigo Tyroler, enlisted August 25, 1802. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Jacob Schneeberger, enlisted October 7, 1861. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Franz Schaedlor, enlisted October 7, 1861. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1804. Michael Schmidt, enlisted August *27, 18(>3. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Martin Saizer, enlisted August 30, 1802. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. John Sohurssler, enlisted June 3, 1861. Transferred June 11, 18(V4, to — . Joseph Rowe, enlisted August 21 , 1862. Transferred to Company O, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Henry Hoffman, eulisted August 35, 1802. Transferred June II, 1861, to . David F. Dorr, eulisted August '20. 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864, to SEVENTH INFANTRY. 93 Coney Deitz, enlisted AugiisfcSO, 1802. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, ISGI. Conrail Bnchman, enlisted llecemljer i8, ISda. Transf'erreil lot'ompany G, Fifth llegiment, OctolierSI, IKIU. William Weber, enlisted August 27, 1862. Promoted to Corporal . Trans- ferred June 11, IfWI, to . Andrew Riek, enlisted October 5, 1861. Promoted to Sergeant. Trans- ferred June 11, 1864, to Christian Oeltinger, enlisted Julie 3, 1861. Transferred to Company G, I ifth Kegimeut October 31, 1861. Herman Tetzer, enlisted March 28, 1862. Discharged Juno 14, 1864, for disability causehn Bauer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company, July 7, mu. Fi-ideriok Bock, enlisteil April 22, 1861 Albert Burgur, enlisted Juno 3, 1861. Henry Kaubol. enlisted April 22, 1861 Kngelbcrt Fen/., enlisted June 3, 1861 Tobias Flabbig, enlisted June 3, 1861. Christian llahn, enlisted June3 1861 Geor-ge H..IT. September Mustered out with the Regiment. Mustoi*ed out with tlie Kegiment. Mustered out witli the Itegiment. Mustered out, witli the Kegiment. Mustered out with the Regiment. Mustered out with tiie Company, enlisted April 22, 1861 . Lett sick at Washington D . C . , , 1868. Solomon Rentz, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company. John L. Riimo', enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with tho Company. George Ruckler, enlisted April 22,1861. Mustered out with the Com- pany. Ferdinand Kchlegel, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Company. Fred. H. Schmidt, enlisted April 22, 1862. Mustered out with the Com- pany Hiury Schmidt, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company. Jolm Schwenck, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Com- pany. Frank Miller, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company. George Raquette, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Com- pany. Frederick Selbach, enlisted April 22, ISUl. Mustered out with the Com- pany. George Wandel, enlisted April 22,1871. Mustered out Willi I lie Com- pany. Jacob Wenner, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with tlie Company. George Zipp, enlisted Ai>ril 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Company, Henry Sehlattmeyer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability. John Smith, enlisted June 3, 1801. Discharged for disability July 30, 1862. John Stegmeyer, enlisted April 23, 1861. Discharged for disability No- vember 27, 18S2. Fred. W. Steinbauer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged because of wounds February 2. 1862. John T. Voelker, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability Febru- ary 18, 1863. George Weissenbach, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged July 21, 1862. Julius Wolf, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 30, 1862. Anthonisius Zitlsniann, enlisted June 3, ISCl. Discharged July 30, 1862. John Volker, enhsted October 7, 1801. Discharged for disability July 7. 1862. William Lantcrw assar, enrolled as Sergeant April 22, 1861; promoted to 1st Sergeant. Died at Washington, July 3, 1862. from wounds re- ceived at Port Republic, June U. Henry Ackermau, enlisted June 3, 1861, Killed at Ciianceilorsville, May .'iO, 1862. Frank Dietrich, enlisted April 22. 1861. Killed at Wiijcliester, March •a, l.'<62. John Doll, enlisted June 3, 1861. Died September 10. \t»il, from wounds received at Cross Umes, Virginia, August 26th, 18(il. Henry Frank, enlisted June 3, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August 'J, 1862 1861. Killi'd at Winchester, Vii Frank Karbacher, enlisted Apri ginia, March '2:1, 1862. Frank Lorenz, enlisted October 8, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Virginia. March 2:!, 18ss Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1861. Vincent Meader, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August il, 1802. John Muiitz, enlisted Octulwr 8, 1861. Died at Cumberland, Maryland, February 21, 1863. Jacob Noik, enli.sted April 32, 1801. Died April 2, 1862, from wounds re- ceived at Winchester, March Zi. William Pfahl, enlisted April 23, 1861. Kdled at Ringgold, Georgia, No- vember 27, 186:!. Victor Perlev, enlisted August 25, 1863. Killed at Ciianceilorsville, Vir- ginia, May 2, 186:1. William Russell, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died at Frederick, Maryland ■Tune 1, 1862, from wounds received at Winchester, Virginia. March 2.3^ John Reber, enlisted October 7, 1861. Killed at Port Rejiublie. June 11, 1862. John Schuibs, enlisted Ajiril 22, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, June (i, 1803. John Stern, enlisted April 22. 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August !i, 1862. .fosepli Seibel. enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, March 2:^, 1802. Franz Weber, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died at Gallipolis, Ohio, Septeni- lier 2, 1802. John Wiegand, enlisted Aiwil 22, 1861. Died while a jiris. ner, Septeni ber 13, 1802. John Weiland, enlisted October 17, 1861 Killed at Cedar Mountain. August !», 1863. Frederick Schinkel, enrolled at Sergeant, April 22, 1801. Missing since battle of Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August t). 1802. John Leiitky, enlisted October 5, 1861. Missing since battle of Port Re- public, June 9, 18ti2. William Voges, enro'led as Sergeant, April 22, 1861. Killed at Port Re public, June!), 1862. Adolphus Rohlmann, enrolled as Sergeant, April 82, 1861. Died at New Orleans, while jirisoner, November 13, 1.862. Elmore Hinkston, enrolled as Sergeant, .lune 3, 1861. Promoted to f-'irst Sergeant. Dieil at Chattanotjga, Tennes.see, January 21, from wounds received in action. James Grebe, enrolled as Corporal April 23, 1861. Promoted to Ser geant. Died at Alexandria, Virginia, August 27, 18*i2, from wounds received at Cedar Mountain, August 'J. Cliarles Rich, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discliarged July 26, 1862. William Ritchie, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged February 2. 1862, for disability caused liy wounds. Henry Roshotte, enrolled as Corporal April 82, 1861: promoted to Ser- geant. Discharged for disability July 10, 1862. William Butzman, enrolled as Corporal April 22. 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant. Discharged for disability February 18, 1863. Henry Strachle. enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Ser geant. Discharged for disability Nove-nber 26, 18ii2. Herman Schaub, enlisted June 3, 1801 ; promoted to Sergeant. Discharged for disabiUty April 3, 180:1. Jacob Kurtz, enlisted June 3, 1801; promoted to Sergeant. Discharged because of wounds April 10, 18!i:l. VVi liani Lehr, enlisted April 22, 18(ii ; jiromoted to Corporal. Discharged on account of wounds July 3, 1802 George Denzel, enlisted April 22, 1801 ; proi on account of wounds July 21, 1S62. Christian Reisse, enrolled as Corporal Jii count of wounds July 21, 1862. John numraell, enlisted April 22, 1801; p charged on account of wounds October : Peter Kind, enrolled as musician April 23, 1861. Discharged for disa bility October 2, 1861.' Phillip Anthony, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on account of wounds September 1, 1862 Constantine Arnibrunster, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disabil- ity February I'J, 1863. Simon Bell, enlisted April 23, 1861. Discharged July 38, 1802. Charles Breitenbach, enlisted April 23, 1S61. Discharged on account of wounds December 11, 1862. Fred. Brinckelmeyer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 21, 1862. John Colbrun, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged July II), 1862. Louis Dehmel, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged. Edwin Dunton, enlisted June :i 1861. Dischai'ged. Emil Glanser, enlisted June 3, 1861. Dischargetl. Charlis Graiter, enlisted Juno 3, 1801. Discharged on acccount of woiuuis December 111. 1863. Gottlieb Grucnowald, enlisted June 3, 1801. Discharged July 26, 18(i2. Jacob H. liege, enlisted April 23, 1801. Dischargeil July 21, 1862. Fred Gassand, enlisted June .i, 1*>1. Discharged July 21. lNi2. Henry Lehr, enlisted June 3. I8til. Dischai'ged June '27, l.sO-2, Andrew Malichiis. enlisted April it, 1861 Discharged beeau'e of wounds, October II. 1861. Matthias Herkel, enlisted June 3, 1861. nischan;ed February 28. l.sr,;). Fred. Mitchell, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discliai^ed on account of wounds Novemlier'21, 1863. Theodore Miller, enlisted June 3, 1801. Dis«rhar(,ed. Gottlieb Popp, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability October 2. 1801. otedto Corporal. Discharged <■ 3, 1861. Discharged on ac- oteil to Corporal. Dis- 94 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XVI 1 1. EIGHTH, FOURTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH INPANTKY. Ciiinpuiiy H, of till- EiRhtli — Ortraiiized tor Three Months — Re-orRan- i/.>'d for Three Years — In West Virginia — Loss from Sickness- Romney and Hanging Rociv — Blooniing Gap, Cetiar Creek and Stras- bnrg — Battle of Winchester — Numerous Skirmishes — South Moun- tain and Antietam — F ed jricksburg — Cliancellorsville — Gettysburg — Heavy Loss — Skirmishes at Bristow Stfilion, Mine Run, etc.. in ISSl- Tlie Bitlle of Martins Foixl- The Battle of the Wilderness- Cold Harbor and l*etersbui-g — Mustered Out — Members from Cuya- hoga County - Fourteenth Infantry — Mention of its Services- Its Membere from this Cmoted to First Lieutenant September 2-3, 1883. and to Captain March 3. ISiVI. Mustered out with the re^-iment July 13, 1864. VVillianr Delaney, eul. as First Lieutenant .\pril 18, 1801; wounded at Antietam September 17, 18id. Died September *)d, 18C2. Thomas F. Galway. enr. as Sergeant April 1."*. 1801 : promoted to Second Lieutenant September 7, 1863. and to First Lieuteaant Januaty 30, 1.81)3. Mustered out with the regiment. John Lautry, enl. as Second Lieutenant April 18. 1861. Killed at Antie- tam September IS, 1863, John HenneBsey, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. John G. Fairchild, enr. as Sergeant AprU 18,1861; pi'omoted to First Sergeant. Wounded July 3, 1864. Charles McCartney, enr. as Corporal April IS, ISUI. Mustered out with the regiment. John Tracey, enr. as Corporal April 18. 1861; promoted to Sergeant. IHa charged for disability December 'iij, 1863. Chauneey Lathrop, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1862. Discharged for dis- ability November 36, 1863. Edward J. Newell, enr. as Corporal April 18. 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant ; wounded May 18, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment. James Kell,v, enr. as Corporal April 18, 186!; promoted to Sergeant. Died of wounds, July 7, 186:i, received at Gettysburg. Richard ORourke, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. In hospital at Wash- ington May 13, 1864. Patrick O'Leary, enr. as Corporal April IS, 18'J!; promoted to Sei-ge^nt. Mustered out with the i*egiment July 13, 1864. John Reedy, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. Discharged September 3;i ' 1863. William H. Alderman, enl. June 19, 1861. Discharged for dis;tbility Jan. uary 6, 186;}. Joseph Burton, enl. June 17. 1S61. Discharged for disability November 3:3, 1863. John Burk, enl. June 18, 1861. Wounded July 3, 1863. William Brown, enl. June 13, 1861. Killed at Gettysl)ui-g, .July 3, 186:3. Henry Black, enl. June 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. James Brown, enl. June 14. 1861. Mustored out with the Regiment. Lewis Buhran, enl. June 8. 1861. Discharged for disability November 20, 1862. Samuel Brown, enl. June 23, 1861; promoted to Corporal same day. Mustered out with the Regiment. William Cones, enl. April 18. 1861. Discharged October 25, 1863. John E. Chichester, enl. May 35, 1861. Died December 28, 1863, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Virginia. EIGHTH, rouuTEENTn and seventeenth infantry. 95 Patrick Cashon, enl. June 17, ISfil. Mustered out with the Regiment. ] Stephen .1. Carr, enl. June 8, 1K61. Killed Di?fcembcr 39, 18l!l, at Wire Bridff**, Virginia. Fn-derick Coiuielly, enl. J une 1.3. 1801 . MusU-red out with the lleRinient. William Campion, enl. June 15. 1881. Killed Septemlwr 17, 18(12, al battle of Aniietam, Maryland. James I'onlaii, enl. June 9, 18«l; promoted to Serjeant: wounded al Wilderness. May 10. 18(it. Mustered out with the Kegiment. .lames Penief, enl. April IH. ISfil. DiscliarKed October i"), l««!i. J. dm Dumphey, enl. June 10, ISCI. Transferred to Invalid Corps July 15, IStB. Jiiseph Kvans, enl. June LI, l.'Sfil; promoted tx) Corporal. Mustered out with Hie Kegiment. Jneob Kralier, enl. June 13. 18IJI. Must.ered out with Ihr, regiment. Charles (lallagher. enl. June 11, 18U1. Muslerctl out with the regiment. Edward Gibbons, enl. June 11, ISIU. Diseh irged October ai, 1H(W. Edward Gorman, enl June ■-►i, IHHl. Transfeireil l.> Invalid Corps, May II, 18ftt. Kdward Greer, enl. April 18, 18(;i. ,Iohn Hogan. enl April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25. 1802. James Hardway. enl. April 18, 1801. Discharged for disability. May 11, 18«:), Henry Hall. enl. June 17, ISfd. Discharged October 25, 1802. James Iliggins. enl. June 9. 18Si. Died October 24, 1801. at New Creek, Virginia. Simon Hogan. enl. June n, ISfll. Discharged for disability, August 20, lS(i-). William Joyce, enl. April l.H, 1801. Discharged for disability .lanuary 5, 180:1. Francis Kidly, enl. June 11, IROl. Discharged October 35, lKO:i. Eugene Lalinre, enl. April 18, 1801. Joseph Lloyd, enl. April 18, 1801. Mustered out with the regiment. James Ijieper, enl. June 13, 1801. Discharged for ilisability October 20, 1801. Thomas Largee, enl. Jime 15, 1801. Mustered out with Ihi' lii'giment July 13, 18114. Peter Mainans, enl. April 18. 1801. Promoted to Cor|ioral; niu.stered out with the Regiment. Joseph Moonshine, eid. April 18, 1861. Discharged for disability March 21, 180.3. Henry II, McKeever, enl. April IS 1801- Discharged for disability Feb- ruary 17, 1863 Hernaril Milvey, enl. June 11, 1.%1. Disi barged for disability April 18, ISlll. ,lolin Jlalone, enl. June 11, 1801. Promoted to Corporal; woimded May 15. 18111. Left in Hospital in Rhode Island. John I). McNamarn, enl June 9, 1801. Discharged fur tlisability De- eend>cr 17, 1.S02. Alexander MeLain, enl. June 21. l.'Wll. Discharged for disability .\ti gust 13. 1S02. Allen McDougiill, enl. June II. 1801. Discharged fur disability Novem- ber 13, 1S(,2. Thomas Mmison, enl June I. 18(11. Discharged for disabilily August 13, 1803 William McDonald, enl. June 18, 1801 Discharged for disability I)e- eemljer 21). 1801 . Bernard McGuirc, enl. ,Iune 22, 1801. Died, July 10, 180.3. of wounds received atGeltysbuig Keyt.in Niggle, enl June in. IKiii Discharged f.ir disability July 0. 1801 . William o'Hallem. enl. April 18, 1811. Discharged f.)r disability May 3, 1S02. Thomas (J'Kelly. enl. April 18, 18(il. Dis hnrg.-il for .lisabilily May 2, isftl. .lames O'Ncil, enl. June 9, 1801. Tran.iferred to Invalid (^1^ps August 11, 1803. ( Innliner Oaks, eni. June 11 1801 . Disch.irged October 25, 1802, John (juinn, enl. June 14, 1811. Killed .at Spottsylvnnia. May •il. 18C4. .lames C. Rogers, enl. April is. iSdi Discharged for disability April II, 180.3. Thomas S<|Uires, enl. Jnne 10. ISOl. Discharge.! October S.5, 1X03. John Sheridan, enl. June 17, ISOI. Discharged October 25, tmi. John Sliepheiil, enl. June 17, 1801. Killed at Aniietam, Maryland Sepiendier 17, 1803. George T. Upright, enl. April 18, 1801. Wounded July .3, 1803. George R, Wils«m, enl. ,June 14, 1801. Killed at Qeltysbiirg. July 3, 1803. Alfred Wood, enl. June 14. 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Charles F. Wamekey. enl. April 18, 1801. Discharged for disability at Cumberland, Maryland. David Wilson, enl June 1, 1801. Mustered out with the Regiment. ,lohn Garvey, enl. ,ltme 5, 1801 ; transferred to and commis-sioned in 7th Virginia Volunteers. Killed at .Antietam. Maryland, Seplember 17, I8(i3. .lohn Hawley.enl. October 31, 1861; transferred to 4th Ohio nailal ion, Com]>any B., .June 24, 1801. Discharged at enil of term. N.ivem ber 28, 1804. COMPANV n. Joseph Dewalt, enl. June .3, 1801, Mustered out with the Kegirueru July 13. 1801. I'oriiTKKN Til 1 N'FAXTKV. 'I'lio nu'inliors (if I his iTninicnt, from Ciiyalioira couiitv, iiiiif in iiimibt'i-, wore enlisted in l.SO-l in Co.s. A. I anil K. As menilxM-s of llic FoiirteenMi tliey engafiei] wiUi the regiment in the battle at .lonesboro, jnirsiieil Ilood'.s troops on their advance into T'ennes.see, joined Slierman"s forces at Atlanta, and particiiiated in the " .March to the Sea," and throiigli the Carolinas to Goldshoro'and Haleigh. T'he regiment was mustered out at Louisville in July, 1S(;.5. MFMIUCKS I'liOM ( IVAHOCA COINTY. Thomas Hines. enl, Seplemlier 27. IHdl, Disndier 15, istvi. Discharged .lune lu, 1805. Joseph StuU, enl. Septemler 2:). 1801. Discharged June -3, 1865. SF.VEXTEICNTH INFANTRY. The members from Cuyahoga county in the Seven- teenth were ten in number, nine of whom were en- listed in Co. E in ISiJ-t. and saw but very little service that could lie called severe. Tln\v followed Sherman through the ('tirolinas, passed in review before the President at Washington, and were mustered out at Louisville in July. lS(;.'"i. MK.MIIFKS I'KdM CI VAIIOCA COINTV. FlKI.n AND STAFF. Henry .1 Herrick. enrolled as Assistant Surgeon February 14, is<,_' Promoted to Surgeiin December 12, 1802. Resigned September 3(i. Isoi. COMPANV S. .Iiilian Berbinger. enlisted Seiitembcr 36, 1804 . Diini at Savannah, Geor gia, March 3, 1805, Walter H. Teeple. enl. Septembers?, 1864. Died at Goldsboro, North Carolina. March 24. 1802. .lames UcBriile, enl. Septcmlwr 22, 1864. Discharged June 7, 1865. William Neville, enl September 23, 1S(H. Dischaigeil June 7, 1805. Henry Stark, enl . September 20, 18(M. Discharged .(une 7. 1805. Archibald Scott, fnl Septle obstacle, but Colonel Hayes, the brigade commander, plunged in, and, altliough his horse several times fell in the mud, urged him on and reached the farther shore, the first one across. The brigade followed, many men being drowned in the treacherous morass, but most of them reached the farther shore, formed their lines, dashed upon the enemy and drove them back. This was repeated several times: the cavalry charging every time, and capturing a large number of prisou- 08 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUXTY. ers. The division commander was wounded and car- ried from the field; leaving Colonel Hayes in com- mand, who led the division during the remainder of the battle with the most reckless gallantry — half of the time being in advance of the line of infantry. The result of the whole battle was a complete vic- tory for the Union arms, eight battle flags and several thousand prisoners being captured, of which the Twenty-Third took two hundred. At the battle of North Mountain, Hayes" brigade charged with such fury that the rebels made almost no resistance and were driven in utter rout from their intrenchments, while the Unionists suffered very little loss. On the 19th of October the Twenty-Third took part in the battle of Cedar Creek; the conflict which has become celebrated throughout the country by the meteor-like appearance of Sheridan on his coal-black steed to retrieve the fortunes of the day. The enemy having stolen across an unguarded ford, Crook's com- mand and the Nineteenth corps were driven back with heavy loss. At length, however, they established themselves on a new line, and were awaiting develop- ments when Sheridan dashed np from Winchester. A roar of cheers greeted him, and, after making the necessary arrangements, he ordered the advance of the line. Another great victory was the result; the infantry driving back the enemy again and again, and the cavali-y, as before, charging eacii time and capturing prisoners by the thousand. Colonel Hayes was promoted to brigadier general and Lieutenant-Colonel Comly to colonel for their part in the battle of Cedar Creek; their commissions both dating from that day. The regiment remained in the valley and in West Virginia during the remainder of the war, but was not called on to take part in any important conflicts. It was mustered out on the ^oth of July, 1865, and then proceeded to Camp Taylor, Cleveland , where the men were paid off and discharged. 3IE11BEKS FROM CUYAHOGA COIXTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Russell Hastings, enr. as Second Lieutenant Company I, May 2i, 1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant March 23, ISIH; to Captain Company K August S 18KJ: and to Lieutenant Colonel March S, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. James P. Mcllrath. enr. as Captain May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Major November 3, 18153. Mustered out at end of term, June 11, 1864. Harry Thompson, enr. as First Sergeant May 18, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant July 34. I,^'61 ; to First Lieutenant September 24, 1862: to Captain June 14. 1864; and to Major March 8, 1863. Mustered out with regiment. NOX-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Jehial L. Chamberlain, enr. as Corporal Company A May 18, 1861 ; pro- moted to Sergeant November .30, 1863, and transferred to Non Com- missioned Staff, with rank of Commissary Sergeant January 12, 1863. Mustered out with the regiment July 26. 1863. Edward V. Spring, enr. May 18. 1861: transferred to Nou-Commissioned Staff as Chief Musician July 1, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865. James Thompson, enl. May 18, 1861; transferred to Non-Commissioned Staff as Commissary Sergeant July 1, 1864; promoted to Quarter- Master Sergeant January 12, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865. Eugene Clark, transferred from Company I, and made Captain Company A May 1, 1863. Mustered out July 26, 1865. Wallace J. Woodward, ^nr. as First Lieutenant May IS. 1861. Promoted to Captain Company G July 24, 1861. Benjamin Killam, enr. as Corporal May 18, 18!il ; promoted to Sergeant November 30. ]81'3; to Second Lieutenant January 14. 1864; and to First Lieutenant July 1 1804. ' Mustered or.t with the rtgiment. John F. Wall, enr. as Second Lieutenant May 18. 1861: promoted to First Lieutenant July 24, 1861. Resigned September 19, 1861. George W. Hicks, enr. as Sergeant May IS, ItSI; promoted to Second Lieutenant Fel)ruary 8, 1862, and to First Lieutenant November 20, 1862. Resig'.ed June II. 1864. William P. Chamberlain, enr. as Corporal May 18, 18t51; promoted to Sergeant; to Second Lieutenant November 3, l?fi2; and to First Lieu- tenant August 8, 1863. Mustered out at end of term, June 11, 1864. Frederick Thompson, enr. as Corporal May )8. 1861; promoted to Sei^ geant November 30, I8ta; to Second Lieutenant October 11, 1-864; and to First Lieutenant April 20, 1863. Mustered out with the regiment. Orville W. Richards, enr. as ■■ oiporal May 18, 1861; promoted to Ser- geant; to Second Lieutenant August 18. 1863. Mustered out with the regiment. Charles H. Moore, enr. as Sergeant May 18, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant Jul}' 14, 1864. Resigned .September 2:i, 1864. Chai'les A. Willard, enr. May 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant November 30, 1863; and to Second Lieutenant April 30, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. Charles H Moigan, enr. May 18. 1861; promoted to Sergeant; and to Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863 Transferred to Company D May 1, 1865. Leander H. Lane, enr. as Corporal Company D May 20, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant November ^, 1863; to Second Lieutenant of Compan.v A July 24. 1864; to Firet Lieutenant Company G July 21. 1864. Hugh McCanna. enl. May IS, 1861; ijromoted to First Sergeant May 1' 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. July 26, 1885. Cassius L. Mather, enl. May 18. 1801 ; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1803; and to Sergeatit April 20. 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865. James Hays enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal November :Wi 1863; and to Sergeant May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. Nathan L Kelley, enl. May 18, lt61; promoted to Corporal November 30. 1803: and to Sergeant May 1, 1865. Slustered out with the regiment, Jolm K. Wise, enl. May 18. 1861; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1863. Mustered out with the regiment. Eli H. Botstord, enl. May 18. 1861; promoted to Corporal October 1, 18(3. Mustered out with the legiment. Charles Biscut, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal November 30. 1863. Mustered out with the i-eginient Charles Hartman, enl. Maj- 18, 1801 : promoted to Corporal January 24, 1805. Mustered out with the regiment. John Black, enl. as private May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal May 1 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. David T. Howe. enl. May IS, 1861: promoted to Corporal May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. Thomas Bowra, enl. May 18, 1801. Mustered out with the regiment. John Biscut, enl. February 5, 1805. Mustered out with the regiment. Hugh Cameron, enl. December 31, 1803. Mu.stered out with regiment. John H. Clute, enl. January 5, 1864, Mustered out with the regiment. Joseph C, Caldwell, enl, Kovemberl, 1663. Mustered out with regiment. Charles E. Dermott, enl. Dec. 22, 1.803. Mustered out with the Regiment. Charles E, Dibble, eul. Feb. 34, i:S04. Mustered out with the Regiment. James B Greenup, eul. Feb, 24.1864. Mustered out with the Regiment. James A. Hill, enlisted May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Johnson Black, enl. Njv. 29. 1803. Mustered out with the Regiment. Albert G. Bently, eul. Dec. 26, 1863. Mustered out with theRegiment Norman H. Bull, enl. Feb. 19, 186-4. Mustered out with the Regiment Frederick Hanna, enl. May 18, 1.801. Mustered out with the Regiment. Francis Halpin, enl. May 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment . Oren S. Hoyt, enl. May 18, 1801. Mustered cut with the Regiment, Levis, Harper, eul. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with theRegiment, Fatrick Hogan. enl. January 8, 1,S64. Mustered out with the Regiment. John Kalbriumer, enl Dec 3, I,sij3 Mustered out with the Regiment. William Lett, enl. Decembers, 1S0.3. Mustered out with the Regiment Edward Lynch, enl. March 34. 1861, Mustered out with the Regiment, George Kempf, enl May 18. 1861 , Mustered out with the Regiment. James S . Mitchell, enl. May 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment . Martin McGrath, eul. Jan. 14, 1864 Mustered out with tlie Regiment, Oliver R, Mosley, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment. Edward A Parmalee, enl. January 28, 1864 Mustered out with the Reg- iment , Ednard J, Stephens, enl. January 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg- iment . Alexander Stew art, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regimei.t. Charles Stahl. enl. May 1-8, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment, William H, Sawyer, enl, Ma.v 18. 1801. Mustered out with the Regiment. Bernard Schmitz, eul. May 18, 1801. Blustered out with the Regiment. Charles P. Smith, enl May 18, ISOl Mustered out with theRegiment Joseph Zelenka, enl. May 18. 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment, James Palmer, enl. May IS, 1861; promoted to Corporal and to Sergeant January 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Regiment. Henry L. Braddish, enl. May 18, 1861. Taken prisoner 3Iay 9, 1864. TWE.NTY-TillKl) IXFAXTHY. 99 Ira Burlinganie. enl. January 5, ISM. Mustered out with the Regiment. Jolin Caldwell, enl. January 25, 1864 Left, sick, at WiueUester. Vir- ginia, May 5, IHiio. Franklin Giles, enl. January 4, 18W. Taken prisoner. George Watson, enl December 3.3, 1S63. Left, sick, at Harpers Ferry, Virgniia. . Sheridan E. Bull. enr. as Corporal May IS. 1801. Killed at Autietam, Maryland. Se|itember 17. 1863. Michael Butler, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Killed in ac tion. May 0, 18W Joshua L. Barnes, enl May 18. 1S61. Killed at South Mountain. Mary- land, September 14, l.'ei. George S. Ayres, enl. Dec. 30, 18C.3. Killed in action, July 34. I8«. John Dunn, enl. May 18.1861. Killed at South Mountain, Miryland, September 14. 1S63. Charles H. Hickox, enl. May IS. ISr.l. Killed at Cloyd Mouutaiu, Vir- ginia. May 9, 1., 1804. David H. Kimberly, enl. M ly 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Jime 11, 1864. Washington Litch, enl. May 18, 1861, Transf. to Co. H, March 13. 1864. Clustered out June .30. 1864. Henry C. Lufkin. enl May 18, 1861 Trausf. to Co. H, Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1S61. William G. Lee, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch for disability June 5, 1865. Edgar G. Meekius. enl. May 18. 1861. Disch. for disability June 1.1862. Edwin F. Parker, enl. May 18. 1861. Disch, atend of terra, June 11. 1864. James K. Rudolph, enl. May 18, 1861. Di.1. Joseph Smith, enl. May 18. 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1K04. William A. Till, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 11, 1862. Isaac ninian, enl. .May 18, 1861. Disch. January 30, 1863, m order to enlist in the Cavalry. Henry S. Wenbau, enl. May IS, 1861. Transferred toOompany H March 13, 1864. Mustered out June -30, 1864. William Wallace, eul. May 18, 1,S61. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864. Heury K. Wise. enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability. Thomas J. v\ higam, enl. May 18, 1881. Disch. tor disability Jan. 21, 1862. Philip C. McU.ath, enr. as Sergeant May 18, 1861. Transferred to the Brigade Band September 1, 1801. Edwin B. Campbell, enl. May 18, 1801; promoted to Sergeant October 1, 1862. Was discharged and re enlisted in the Tenth Cavalry, Com- pany M, as Second Lieutenant, July 2.5, 1803. Albeit Tucker, enl. Februiry 34, 1864. Died at Germantovvu, Pennsyl- vania, October 24, 1804. D. B. Ainger. eul. December 17, 1863. Mustered out July 26, 1865. Charles \V. Chapman, eul, lanuary 5, 1864. Transferred to the Brigade Baud January 0. 1864. John Brunei-, enr. as Musician December 12, 1863. Discharged for disa- bility June 14, 1805. WilUam Pettibone, enl. Jan. II, 1864. Disch. for disabiUty June 13, 1865. Seth I. Rhodes, enl. December 17, 1.S61. Died at FayetteviUe, West Vir- ginia, April 36, 1863. Lorenzo D. Hunt. enl. Dec. II, 1861. Disch. for disability June 1, 1863. James Olds, enl, Dec. 17, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Dec. 17, 18(>4. Asa Smith, enl. Dec. 17, 1861. Disch. at end of term. Dee. 17, 1804. Edward W. Roscoe, enl. May IS, 1861. Traiiiter.ed to Comijauy H March 13, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Augustus Berschig, eul. Jan. 3, 1864. Disch. for disabiUty Jan 5. 1865. COMPANT B. Charles H. Morgan, enl. May 18, 1801, Company A; promoted to Ser- geant; and to Second Lieutenant August 18. 1803. Transferred to Company D. and promoted to First Lieutenant May 1, 1805; and to Captain Company B May 39, 1805. Mustered out with regimeut. Heury Richardson, enr. Second Lieutenant Company D May 20. 1861; promoted to First Lieuteuant Company B July 34, 1861; to Captain Company H, Fifth-Fourth Infantry, February 1, 1832. COMPANT C. Benjamin Jackson, transferred from Company I and ma le 1st Lieuten- ant of Company C, June 1. 18;3. Muitered out with the Regiment. John F. Cutler, enr. as Sergeant .May 2), 1801; prom ited to 2d Lieuten- ant July 23, 1861. Resigned September 22, 1861. COMPANY D. Howard S. Lovejoy, enr. as Captain, May 20, I80I ; wounJed at Autietam, Maryland, September 1S02. Resigned Feb. 13, 1803. Charles H.Morgan, enlisted in Company A May 18, 1861; trans- ferred to Company D and made 1st Lieutenant May I, 1865. Trans- ferred to Company B May 29. 1865. John T. Ogden. enr. as Corporal May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant, to 2d Lieutenant April 20, .1864, and to 1st Lieutenant May ;iO, 1865. Mustered out with the Regiment July 26, 1865. Henry L. Hood enl. Company G as 1st Lieutenant, June 7. 1861; trans- ferred to Company D Jlarcb 31. 1862. and September 4th returned to Company G. Abram A. Hunter, enr. as 1st Lieutenant May 20, 1861; promoted to Captain Company K March 1. 1S62. Henry Richardson, eor. as 3d Lieutenant May 2'), 1861; promoted to 1st Lieutenant Company B July 24. 1861. Edward Cameron, enl. May 20, IStil; promoted to Sergeant and to l.st Sei-geant .March 4, 1863. Mustered out with Ihe Reg. July 26. 1863. John Gorman, enl. May 20. 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the regiment. Edwin Hawes. enl. May 20, 1S61. Mustered out with the regiment. George W. Penn. enl. Way 2>, lj61; promoted to Musician and mustered out with the regiment. Corydou Bassett. enl. May 30. 1S6I. Mustered out with the regiment. William Oraeber. enl. May 20, lS. to Capt. April 13. Wa JIustered out with the Reg Walter Blythe, enr as Q M Sergt Au?. 23. 1861 Promoted to 2ud Lieut April 1.3. 1M62, to 1st Lieut Oct 1, 1862. Mustered out Julv 9, 186.3, William E, Booth, enr. as Com Sergt. Sept. 21, 1861, Promoted to 2nd Lieut Sept. », 1862 and to 1st Lieut, May 29. 186;J. Resigned Sent 22, 1864 ' Charles W. Hills, enr. as Corj). Aug. 34, 1861 Promoted to 2nd Lieut, Jan, 18M, to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864, Resigned Oct. 28, 186). Frank McDonald, enl, Oct. 1, 1862. Disch. May 16. 186,5, Archibald Skinner, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. May 19, 1865. Daniel Bennett, enl. .iug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disability July 1, 1862. Joseph M. Bennett, enl, Aug, 24, 1861, Disch, for disability May 13, 1862 Morgan Hale, enl, Aug, 24, 1861, Disch, for disability Sept, 15, 1862, Augustus F, Hills, enl. Aug. 24. IWil. Disch. for disability May 11, 18S3. Hiram Keesler, enl. Aug 24, 1861, Disch. tor disability, 1863. Richard Worts, Jr., enl, Aug, 24, 1861, Disch, tor disabUity Aug, 29, 1865. Julius A, Cutler, enr, Aug, 24, 1861, Disch. tor disability, 1864, W, J, Richmond, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Died at .Mound City April 13. 1862 frcm wounils received at Shiloh Christopher W. Gee, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 15, 1865. COMPANY B. Luther Ballart. enl, Aug. 30, 1862, Died Nov, 30, 1863. Lyman Harrington, enl Aug, 16, 1,862, Died Nov, 22, 1862, Louis R Bartlett, enl, Aug, 16, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Charles W. Blakeslee, enl. Aug, 16, 1862. Disch. for disability June 1 1865. Lewis A. Chamberlain, enl. Aug. 16, 1862, Disch, tor disabihty May 18 1865, ' Henry Devoice, enl. Sept, 8, 1862, Disch, for disability March 22, 1863. John Goole, enl. Aug. 16, 1,862. Disch. tor disability Feb, 8, 1865.' Leonard P, Hammond, enl, Aug. 16, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865, Christopher Kubi.ar, enl . Aug. 30, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865, Charles P. Bail, enl. Aug. 30. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 6, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1863 Orange Fisher, enl, Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. April 18, 1863. James 31. Foster, enl. Aug. 30. 1862. Mustsred out June 12, 1863. L. Goult, enl. Aug. 30. 1862. Disch. for disability Shubal Nease, enl. Aug, 30. It62. Mustered out June 13, 1863. Addison Smith, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Mu.stered out June 13. 1865, E. M Sanborn, enl Aug. ST, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865, COMPANY C H, S. Caswell, enl. Aug. 30, 1862, Died at Nashville Dec. 1, 1862, William Weiker, enl. .-Vug, ;S0, 1862, Disch. Jan. 17, 1863, Edward Hillman, enl. Dec, 19, 1861, Promoted to Corporal Dec, 15, 1862, Died July 27, 1863, from wounds received at Fort Wagner, July 18th, Abraham Bennett, enl, Nov, 8, 1861, Disch, for disability Oct. 24, 1862. Saunders Cornwell, enr. as Musician Dec, IB, 1861, Disch, Oct. 8 1862. Charles Jenks. enl, Dec. 19. 1861. Transf. to 1st Penn, Battery Jan. 23, 1861, Hiram L, Rounds, enl, Nov. 8. 4861. Disch, tor disability May 8, 1862. Sanford Russell, enl. Nov. 26, 1S61. Disch, for di.sability Oct. 2,5, 1862, Andrew Sherman, enl, Nov, 26, 1861. Mustered out with the Co, Dec 7 1865, Albert Russell, enl, Deo, 26, 1861, Promoted to Corporal Jan. 1, 18tk4. Wounded Oct, 13, 1864, Disch, Oct, 31. 1865. COMPANY D. James H. Cole, enr. as Capt. Sept. 27, 1861. Resigned March 17, 1862. Harvey E. Proctor, enr, as 1st Lieut, Sept, 27, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Sept 9, 1862, Made Chaplain March 1, 1862. Became Major in a Colored Reg, Robert L Kimberly. (See Field and Staff,) George C. Dodge, enr, as Sergt, Oct. 2, 1861 Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. to 1st Lieut, Oct 12, 1864, and to Captain Nov, 26. 1864. Resigned Dec. 27, 1864. Lloyd A. Fisher, enr as 1st Sergt, Sept, 27, 1861. Prom to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 20, 1862. and to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864, Hon. disch. May 27, 1864. Charles Hammond, enr. as Corp, Oct 27, 1861, Prom, to Sergt, July 1, 1862: to 1st Sergt. March 27, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. March 28, 1865 Mustered out with Regt. 26th Nov, 1865. Peter Herrift, enl Sept. 2, 1861. Prom. Corp, April 28, 1863; to Seigt. March 25. 1864; to 2nd Lieut, April 28, 1863; and to 1st Lieut, June 1, 1863. .Mustered out with the Reg. Anson B. Ward, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 18B1. Wounded Oct, ii, \M>i. Disch. Nov. 5, 1864, at end ot service, Daniel Trowbridge, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 Promoted to Corp, Sept, 27, 1861 . Died May 19, 1862, from wounds received at Shiloh April 7th James W, Ashborn. enl Sept 2, 18il. Promoted to Corp. Sept, 27, 1861, Disch. near Mt, Pleasant, Teno, Abel V Roscoe, enr, as Drummer Oct, 22, 1861, Disch. Aug. 4, 1865. Eiius Pease, enr as Fiter, Oct, 27, 1861, Disch, April 30, 1863. Edward Clifford enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. near Springbill, Tenn Elisha C W.>od'. enr as Sergt. Oct. 28, 1861 Disch, Oct, 22, 1862. Henry M. Billings, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. July 11. 1863 Burr Fisher, enr. as Corp. Sept 27, 1861, Promoted to Sergt Feb. 12 1862. Disch. Jan. 12. 186:}. ' 112 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. William H. H. Flick, enl. Sept. S, 1861. Promoted to Corp Sept. 27, 1861. Wounded at Shiloh. April 7, 1862. Disch. Dec. 11, 1862. Emory Davis, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. Oct. 83. 1862. Allen Atherton. enl. Sept. 18th, 1861. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Elon O. Boughton, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. May 19, 1862. Wounded at Mission Bidge, Nov. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 13, 1865. John D. Butler, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 . Transf . to 1st Engineers, 1864. Thomas Butler, enl. Sept. 21. 1861. Promited to Corp. Dec. 13, 1862; and to Sergt. March 27, 1864. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863 and Pickett's Mills. May 27, 1864. Disch. June IT, 1865. Asa P Carr, enl. Sept. 14, isBl . Disch. at end of term Nov. 5, 1864. George H. Claskey, enl. Sept 17, 1861. Wounded Sept. 19, 1863. Mus- tered out June 13, 1865. Edward F. Corkell, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Died at luka. Miss., May 18, 1862. John F. Cowan, enl. Sept. 10. 1861. Disch. Feb. 14, 1863. Jesse Davidson, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Died at Louisville, Ky . , April 22, 1862.. Joseph Davidson, enl. Sept. 2. 1861 , Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. WilUam Deisman, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Wounded Dec. 31, 1862, at Stone River; Sept. 19. 1863 at Chiekamauga, and May 27. 1864, at Picketfs Mills, Qa. Promoted to Corp. April 1. 1865. Disch Aug. 13 1865. William Dunkee, 'enl. Sept 18, 1861 Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1862 Killed at Mission Ridge. Nov. 35, 1'63. Arthur Emerson, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 13, 1862, to Sergt. Dee. 9 1864. to 1st Sergt. April 1, 1865. Wounded at Shiloh -ipril 7, 1862, and Mission Ridge Nov. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. S. F. Fancher, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 24, 1864, and to Seret. July 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Josiah Flich. enl. Sept. 37, I86I. Disch. Dee. 6, 1862 Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Dec. 8, 1863. of wounds rec'd at Orchard Knob Nov. 23. John Gardner, enl. Sept, IT. 1851 Killed at Mission Ridge, Tenn., Nov. 2.5, 1863. Francis Gibbons, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Disch. July 14, 1862. Theodore Gregory, enl. Sept. 3d, 1861. Wounded at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May '37, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. William Glasgow, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1862. Disch. Nov. 3. 1862. Francis Harris, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., March 25, 186i. Martin Harris, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. July 29, 1862. Albert Herriman, enl. Sept. '35, 1S61, Promoted to Corp July 1, 1865 Mustered out with the Reg. Johnson C. Hewitt, enl. Sept. 14. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 8, 1862. Wounded Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out at Nashville. Alexander Hornig, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 5, 1864. Hugh Hart, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded AprU 7, 1862, at Shiloh. Disch. Oct. 11, 1862. Joseph Hir.st, enl . Oct. .3, 1861. Died Jan. 2S, 1863, at Nashville of wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 3, 1862. Erastus P. Ives, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky. , Feb. 20, 1862. David M. Jones, enl, Sept. 37, 1861. Died at Bedford, O., Feb. 6, 1863. Julius Jones, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Deo. 9, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Reg. Edward M Kelley, enl Sept. 3, 1861 . Wounded at Chiekamauga Sept. 19, 1863, and taken prisoner. Died in Andersonville prison Aug. 15, 1864. Jason Lockwood, enl. Sept 27, 1861. Promoted to i.'orp. March -34, 1864, and to Sergt. April !, 1S65. Wounded at Chattahochie River July 5, 1.S64. Mustered out with the Reg. Levi .Mead. enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., April 7, 1862. William H. Marshall, enl. October 5. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864, and to Sergt. July 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Orson C. Mathews, enl. Oct. 9, 1,S61. Taken prisoner Oct. 23, 1864. Disch June -33, 1865. Benjamin Needham, enl . Sept. 18, 1861 . Wounded April 7, 1862, at Shi- loh, and at Orchard Knob Nov. 23. 1833 Disch. for disabilitv July 6, 1864. James F. Newcomb, enl. Sept. 31, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg Michael O'Bryan, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Disch. Jan. 30, 1862. Orwin Osborne, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 8, 1863. Disch. Aug. 15, T862, Thomas Pearce, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Disch. Jan. '30. 1863. William Powers, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Reserve Corps. James Pease, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded at Orchard Knob Nov. 23, 1863. Mustered out at end of term Nov. 5, 1864. Julius Raue, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. July 13. 1862. Luther Richardson, enl. Sept. 3, 1801. Killed at Picketts' Mills, Ga , May '27. 1864. ■Virgil Richmond, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dee. 9, 1864. Wounded at Chiekamauga, Sept. 19, 1S6;3 Mustered out with Reg. William H. Rattles, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27. 1864. William Simpson, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. June 12, 1862. OUver Slocum, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. Nov. 29, 1862. Emerson W. Smellie, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to C^rp, Feb. 11 1863. Died Nov. 26, 1863, of wounds rec'd at Mission Ridge the day before. Spencer A. Sawyer, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 24, 1864, and Sergt. Dec. 9, 1864. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862, and at Pickett's Mills May 37. 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Samuel Sampson, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Thomas Studer, enl. Oct. 5. 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 16, 1863. William E. Smith, enl. Oct. 15.1861. Wounded De-. 31, 1862. Mus- tered out June 13, 1865. John S. Tennis, enl. Sept. 14. 1861. Disch. Feb. 14, 1863. George J. A. Thompson. (See Field and Staff.) Andrew Trump, enl. Sept 14, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. Daniel R. Underbill, enl, Sept. 10, 1861. Died at Camp Wicklifte. Ky., Jan. 15, 1862. Charles 'Venoah, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Wounded at Readyville, Tenn., Feb. 19, 1863, and at Mission Ridge Nov. 33, 1863. Disch. at end of term Nov. 29, 1864 John Wakefield, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 24, 1861, and to 1st Sergt. April 37, 1863. Wounded at Chiekamauga Sept. 19, 1863, and Pickett's Mills May 37, 1864. Mustered out at end of term Nov. 4, 1864. Zenas Wheeler, enl. Sept. -37, 1861. Disch. Nov. 19, 1862. William Wick, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Nebemiah Flick, enl. March 1,1864. Promoted to Corp, July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Verneuel Button, enl. Feb. '39, 1864 Mustered out with the Reg. Benoah Kellogg, enl. March 3. 1864. Wounded at Pickett's Mills, Ga , May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Jonathan Minor, enl. 1864. Wounded at Nashville, Tenn . Dec. 16, 1864. Disch. with the Reg. William Woods, ent. Feb. '35, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Royal Dunham, enl, Feb. 29, ISM. Killed at Picketts' Mills, Ga., May 37, ISW. Moses Tompkins, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Died June 31, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn,, of wounds received at Picketts' Mills, May 27. William Cowan, enl. Oct. 8. 1862, Disch. March 6. 1863. John Mier, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. Disch. June 13, 1865, Leonard Presing, enl. Sept. 33, 1864. Wounded at Bull's Gip. Tenn., April 1, 1865. Disch. June IS, 1865. Frank D. Stone, enr as Capt. Sept. 30. 1.861. Resigned Jan. 33, 1862. William J. Morgan, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. "37, 1861. Promoted Jan. 3ti, 1863, to Capt. Resigned March 24, 1863. Ferdinand D. Cobb, enl. as 1st Sergt. Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to ■3d Lieut. March 17, 1862, to 1st Lieut. May 21, 1862, and transf. to Co. E. Woundedat Nashville, Dec. 16. 1864. Musteredout with the Reg. Harry W. Jones, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. .30, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. 8, 1862. Disch. Oct. 1, 1862. Frederick A. McKay, enl. as Sergt. Sept. 3J, 1861. Promoted to 3d Lieut. Nov. 24. 1863. Resigned Nov. 22, 1864. Albert E. 'V'irgil, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 13, 1861. Died from wounds re. ceived at Shiloh April 7, 1862. Arthur Eckert, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864. Henry Simons, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 37, 1861. Killed at Stone River Dec 31, 1862. William Lynch, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27. 1861. Disch. at Columbus, O. William Edwards, enr. as Corp. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. Feb. 21, 1863. Cyrus Williams, enr. as Corp Aug. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. William Drum, enr. as Corp. Sept. 13, 1831 . Promoted to Sergt. Jan 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Samuel Colby, enrolled as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Nov. 2, 1864. John Cullen, enr. as Corp. Sept. 18. 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Thomas Powers, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Sept. 16, 1862. William Langell, enr. as Corp. Aug, 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. John Neville, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Discharged at end of term, Nov. 2, 1864. Sylvester W.Winchester, enr as Fifer Oct. 4, 1861. Killed at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. James Arnott, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Transf. to the Veteran Reserve Corps. Seaman Annis. enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Alexander Beard, enl. Aug. '37, 1861. Disch. Nov. 8, 1862, Jervis Barber, enl, Sept. 3, 1861 . Disch. May 12, 1862. Caswell Barber, enl. Oct. '27, 1861. Disch. May 12, 1862. Henry S. Coykindall, enl. Aug. 27, 1361. Disch. at end of term, Nov. 2, 1864. Jacob Cressinger, eul. Aug. '37, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Thomas Conway, enl. Aug. 27. 1861 . Disch . at end of term Nov. 3, 1864 . Henry Conway, enl. Aug. '37, 1861. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn. FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 113 Timothy Corbit, enl. Aug. 2V, 1861. Died of wounds received at Stone River Dec. 31. 1862. Dennis Corbit, enl. Sept. ■), 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864. John Caldwell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Lovisville, Ky . David Cochran, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864 Michael Chalk, enl. Oct. 6, 1861. Died June 18, 1862, from wounds rec'd at Shiloh .\rril 7. Robert Davidson, enl. Sept. 30. 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864. James Evans, enl. Sept. 8. 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 30, 186.5. Patrick Flannagan, enl Sept. 14, 1801. Mustered out with the Reg. Ensign Fullweller, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 10, 1802, tor disability caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. Edward Fitzpatrick, enl. Sept. 12, 1801. Disch. Aug. 22, 1862, for disa- bility caused by wounds rec"d at Shiloh April 7. Patrick Farrell, enl. Sept. 0, 1861. Disch. at end of term Feb. 28, 186.5. John Gordon, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Columbus, O. Michael Griffin, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Disch. at end of term Feb. 21, 1805. John Halpin. enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20, i8ti;3. Fiederick Hodge, enl .\ng. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 6, 1862, Oliver Hobart. enl. Aug. 27, ISOl. Disch. March 31, 1803. Daniel Hogan, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Aug. 5, 1862. William Hiland, enl. .\ug. 27, 1861. Died of wounds rec'd at Mission Ridge Nov. 2.3, 1863. Alirani Hulibell, enl .Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at Camp Wickliffe, Ky. Urson Harvey, enl. Oct. fl. 1861, Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20, 18IW. John Hayes, enl. Sept 1-2, 1861. Died June 15, 1862, at Cincinnati, from wounds received at Shiloh April 7. Charles Herling, enl. Oct. fl, 1.861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., Nov. 27, 1804. Edward Johnson, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 12. 1804. John Kepler, enl. Sept. 10, 1801. Died at Nashville, Jan. 18, 1863. James Labier, enl. Sept 1, 1801. Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862. John Lobdell, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Robert Lamb, enl Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. Jan 2-2, 1863. Andrew MatUson. enl Sept 12,1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 15, 1862, Anthony Montreal, enl . Sept. 4, 1861 . Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862. James Murra.v, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1804. Joseph Moses, enl. Sept. 15, 1861. Disch, May 18, 1802. Richard Neville, enl. O-'t. 2, 1861. Disch. at enl of term Nov. 2. 1864. William Naly, enl. f^ept. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Richard O'Reilly, enl. Aug. 27,1861. Disch. Jan. 20, 1803. William Oviatt, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20, iKi;3. David Phillips, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Jan. 2, 1863. George Partridge, enl. Aug. 27. 1861. Lett at Chattanooga, sick, March 1, 1861. John Palmer, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. June 13, 1865. William Partridge, enl. Oct. 2. 1861. Promoted to Serg. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2. 1864. .John Price, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 10, 1864. Jesse Quack, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Killed at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. John Ryan, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps. John Rawlings, enl. Aug. '27, 1801. Mustered out with the Reg. Alva Smith, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 . Died at Nelson's Furnace Ky . Cornelius Striker, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Chattanooga, Tenn. Nelson Stebbins. enl. Sept. 1, 1861 . Disch. at end of term Nov. 3, 1864. Abram Strock. eul Aug. 27, 1861. Died June 20, 1S64, at Chattanooga from wounds rec'd at Resaca, Ga., -May 14. Samuel Spon.seller, enl. Aug. 27, 1801. Honorably discharged to date July 2, 1803. William Such, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by wounds, reed at ilission Ridge, Nov. 23, 1863 Cyrus Singletary, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky . Lyman Treat, enl. .\ug. "27, 1861. Killed in skirmish at Chattahoochie River July .5, 18W. James Tompkins, enl. Aui. 87, 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. -20, 1863. Beiijaniin Wood, enl. Sept. 87,1861. Promoted to Serg. Jan. '20, 18W. and to 1st Serg. June 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Clyde Waussen. enl. Sept. 16, 1802. Mustered out with the Reg. Charles Chesley, enl. Aug. -27. 1862. Killed at Mission Ridge Nov. -ii, 1863. John Canfleld, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 15, 1865.; George Van Tassell, enl. Feb. -29. 1864. Di.sch. .May 20, 1865. Daniel Sullivan, enl, Aug. 27. 1802. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps. William F errell, enl. Aug. 27, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Reserve Corps. April 1. 1865. Charles Randall, enl. Oct. 2, 1862. Promoted to Corp . Deserted June U. 1805. Michael Howard, enl. Aug. 23. 1862. Disch. at Nashville. Tenn. Michael Kane, enl , Aug. 26, 1862. Disch. June 13, 1805. James Maroney, enl. Sept. 2, 1862. Disch. at Cleveland, O. Mitchell Miller, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 14, 1865. Henry Rithcker, enl. Aug. 18, 186'2. Disch. July 21, 18«:J. .Matthew B Chapman, enl. Feb. 29. 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. George Fluett. enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. 15 Thomas Nay, enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Delos Treat, enl. Feb. 29, 1804. Mustered out with the Reg. COMPANY F. Daniel S Leslie, enr. asCapt. Sent '2, 1801. Wounded at battle of Shiloh April 7, IS02. Resigned Sept. 9, 1862. Ephraim S . Holloway . i See Field and Staff ) John D. Kirkendall, enr. as •2nd Lieut Sept. 2. 1801. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Jan. 9, 1862. Philo A. Beardsley, enl. Oct. 10. 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 20, 1864; to 1st Sergt. Dec. 9, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. March 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg Ferdinand D. Cobb, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. March 17, 1S62; to 1st Lieut. May 21, 1862. Charles Cooper, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability March 25, 1 803. Jacob Renner, enr. as Sergt. Sept. S, 1861. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. Job Burnham, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 20, 1861. Mus- tered out with the Reg. Warren L. Ripley, enl. Oct 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. -20, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. John Pennell, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted toCorp. Jan. 20, 1864, and to Sergt. Dec. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Orestes T. Engle, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 20, 1864, and to Sergt. July 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Iram Kilgore. enl. Oct. -29, 1801. Promoted to Sergeant Sept. 1, 1862. Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Was taken prisoner and died. Charles Shoemaker, enr. as Corp. Sept. 2. 1801. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1803. Thomas P. Baker, enl. Sept. 2, 1801. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19- 1803. Joseph Bouvia, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. John M. Blanden, eul. Feb. 29, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, May -27, 1864. James Davis, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Killed at Stone River. Dec. 31, 1862. Andrew Edney, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. Frank Gornia, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. KiUed at Pickett's Mills.lGa., May 27 1864. S. B. Kidwell, enl. Sept. '3, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Joseph Parish, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Abraham J . Rice, enl, Sept. 18, 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Andrew Gault, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 20, 1864. Died from wounds received at Pickett's Mills. Ga., May '27, 1864. Orlando P. Kilmer, enr. as Corp. Sept. 2, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Died from wounds received at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Walter Smith, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 10, 1M6I . Died at New Haven, Ky., Feb. 2, 1862. Augustus Nieding, enl. Sept. '2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. July 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Charles Edney, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corporal July 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Older, enl. Oct. 10, ISOI. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 12, 1864. Mus tered out with the Reg. George A. Webb. enl. Oct. 21, 18'Jl. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 12, 1864 Mustered out with the Reg. WdliamT. Hazel, enl. Sept. 3. 1861. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Alexander Gault. enl. Nov. 4. 1802. Promoted to Corp April 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Edgar Atkinson, enl. Feb. 36, 1861. Wounded at Pickett's .Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864 .Mustered out with the Reg. George W Bridge, enl. Sept. i, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg Frederick Brucker, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg Benjamin Darby, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg Dillon P, Duer, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg Julius F. Gaff, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg William Keck. enl. Oct. 10, 1801 . Mustered out with the Reg. Joseph Lee, enl. March 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Ward Ripley, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . .Mustered out with the Reg. William Ryan, enl. Sept 2, I.S61 . Mustered out with the Reg. Jacob Shirley, enl. Sept. 2. 1801. Mustered out with the Reg. Reuben H. Aylesworth, enl. Sept. 2. 1801. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1 1862. Died from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1883. Frank Maser, enr. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1801. Died at Nashville, Tenn. March ■2.3, 1802. Isaac Flaugher, enr. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1801 . Died at Nelson's Barracks, Ky., Feb. 13, l.^S. James S. Clary, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Lost on the steamer Sultana. Thomas Duer, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Died at Cincinnati May 4, 1862. Malhias Hageraan, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Died May 12, 1802, from wounds rec'd at Sniloh. .\pril 7. Marshall La Fountain, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Nashville, Jan. '27, 1863. Alexander Lehman, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . Died of wounds rec'd at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Adam Miller, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Disch. for disabihty 114 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Charles Newton, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 Diseh. Aug. 5, 1S62, for disabilitj- caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh. \pril 7. John Peter, enl. Sept. 2, ISdl. Disjh. for disability .May 23, 1362. Joseph R, Remley, enl. Oct. 31, 1S61 . Disch. for disability Oct. IT, 1S6-J. Henry Sanderson, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Diseh. for disability June 3. 1863. John A. Standen, enl. Sept. i. 1861. Disch. tor disability caused by wjunls ree'd at Shiloh, April 7, l8j-3. David Shaeffer, enl. Oct. 13. 1861. Disch. as being under age Benj. F, Willbur, eur. as Drummer Sept. 2, 1861. Disch for disability May 21, 1862. John T. Wait, enl. Oct. 1, 1861 Disch. for disability Aug 5. 1S62. Joseph VVorden. enl. Sept. 8, 1861, Disch. June 21. 1365. Matthias Frederick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps . James Sharkey, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps. Henry Braunstetter, ear. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 19, 1862. Charles Newburg, enl. Feb. 24, 1854. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. Thomas H. Bellard, enl. Oct, 10, 1361. Disch. for disability Dec. 20, 1862. Alexander Sauteur, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Hosp. at St. Louis, Jan. 15, 1362. Lyman C. Billings, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 3, 1362. Eli Shisler, enl, Oct, 10, 1861. Lost on Steamer Echo June 10, 1865. Charles Smith, enl. Oct. 21, 1831. Died at Covington. Ky., May 10, 1862, Benjamin N Snyder, enl. Sept. 18, 1851. Died at Nelson's Barracks, Ky, JlarchlS, 1862. Homer Spaulding, enl. Oct. 10, 1361. Died Dec. 2, 1862, from wounds rec'd at Shiloh. April 7. Plimpton Stewart, enl. Oct. 10, IS'il. Died in Hosp. near Corinth, Miss., .rune 21, 1862. Frank B. Shirley, enl. Sept. 2. 1801. Died April 24, 1862, from wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. ■William Weitzell, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 Died at Cincinnati May 10, 1862, from wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7, Alexander Bushong, enr. as Corp. Oct 10, 1861. Disch. tor disability Nov. 4, 1862, William M. Guthrie, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp . March 17, 1862. Disch. tor disability Dec. 18, 1862. James W. Perkins, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 17, 1862, Disch tor disability Aug. 29. 1862. John Eckenroad, enl. Oct 22, 1861. Disch. to» disability Jan. 18. 1864. Dauiel Eckenroad, enl, Oct. 22, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov, 25, 1862. Albert Faber, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. Sept. 3, 1862, for disability caused by woimds rec'd at Shiloh April 7, Peter Frederick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 29, 1864. James B. Gibson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 21, 1865. Charles Green, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Disch for disability March 10, 1862. Henrj- Herriff, enr as Fifer, Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disability July 34, 1863. James Hughes, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865. WiUiam Iry, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. Match -30, 1863, tor disability caused by wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Anthony Kreekle, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 29, 1864. John C. Chapin, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 20, 1864, to Sergt. Dec, 12, 1804, and to 1st Sergt. March 23, 1865, Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865. Robert A. Gault, enr, as Corp, Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 8, 1862. to Sergt. Ma], May 1, 1863, and transf. to Co. G. Henry G. Delker, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1361 . Promoted to 1st Lieut. and transf. to Co, H Dec. 5, 1864. COMPANY G. Robert .A. Gault, enr. as Corp. Co. F, Oct. 10, 1361. Prom, to Sergt. Dec. 8, 1862; to Sergt. Maj. May I, 1863; to 1st Lient. Co. G Nov. 26, 1864; and to Capt. March 28, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865. Henry Coon, enr. as Corp. Oct. 17, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Feb. 14, 1862, and transf, to Co. K. Resigned April 17, 1862, George Hill, enl. Aug. '35, 1862 5Iustered out June 13, 1865. Albert W. Miller, enl. March 1, 1864, Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865, John Snetheu, enl. Feb. 13, 1364. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865. Bridgeman Snetheu, enl. March 1, 1864. Died from wounds July '25, 1864. Allison Varney, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Mustered out May 16, 1865. William Alexander, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27,1864. COMPANY H. Henry G. Delker, enr. as Sergt. Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861 . Prom, to 1st Lieut. and transferred to Co. H, Dec. 5, 1864, and to Captain March 18, 1865. Wounded in left arm and side Dec. 16, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865. Albert Whittlesey, enl. Oct. 10, 1864. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 7. 1862, and to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864. Resigned Nov. 20, 1864. William J. Holcomb, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865 Levi Turner, enl. Feb. 6. 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865, William Tooze, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Norton T. Worcester, enl. Feb, 24, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 37, 1865. Richard Hudson, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. George Butson, enl Feb. 6, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga.. May 27, 1864. John Clark, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. James McMahon, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 16, 1861 Transf. to Co. I. COMPANY I. James McMahan. enr. S rgt. Co. H. Sept. 16, 1%1. Transf. to Co. I and made 2nd Lieut. Dec. 21. 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864. and to Capt. Nov. 26, 1864. Res. Feb. 31, 1865. John D Kirkendall enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. F, Sept. 2. 1861. Piom. to 1st Lieut. Jan. 9, 1862, and transf. to Co. B. and to Capt. Co. I. Jan. 1, 1863. Dis. Nov. 10, 1864. George D. Pai-ker, enr. as Corp. Oct. 3, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky , Dec. 2B, 1861. Shepard Scott, enr, as Drummer Oct. 2. 1861. Missing after battle of Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1862. Josephus .\ckley, enl. Aug. 27. 1861. Mustered out March 29, 1865. John Clark, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Disch. for disability, July 25, 1864, John Kennedy, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 11, 1862. Louis Duvoo, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out at end of term. Nov. 14, 1864. Charles Ellsworth, enl. Sept 14. 1861 . Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 4, 1864. James Fitzgerald, enl. .Aug. 27th. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 30. 1865 Mustered out with the Reg. Frederick Gouch, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Readyville, Tenn., April 31, 1863. WiUiam Goddard, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 1, 1862. Uriah Haddock, enl. Sept. 22, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 31, 1.862. Henry Holmes, enl. Oct. 2. 1861. Mustered out at end of term Nov. 1, 1864. John W. Hall, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Poe's Tavern, Tenn., Sept. 1'2, 1863 Charles Wells, enl Sept. 14, 1861. Mustered out June 17, 1865. George Warren, enl. Oct 82, 1861. Discharged tor disability Jan 26, 1865. Adam Zjaley, enl. Oct. 5, 1331. Died at Belmont Furnace, Ky., Feb. 20, 1862. William Chapman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered ojt with the Reg, James E. Chapman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. .Mustered out with the Reg. George E, Lauger, enl, Nov. 1. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 4, 1863, Disch. tor disability July 3, 186:^ COMPANY K. Henry Coon ear as Corp. Co. G Oct. 17, 1851, Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb 14, 1862. and transf, to Co. K. Res, April 17, 1862. Re-enhsted in 0th Regt. Aug. ;30, 1862. Mustered out June 8, 1865. Albert L Bliss, enr as Sergt. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 39, 1863. John Oi'r, enr. as Corp. Oct. 3, 1861. Promoted to 1st Serg. Died Jan 3, 1863, of wounds rec'd at Stone River. Newton Battles, enl, Aug. 84, 1861. Died at Camp Wickliffe, Ky , Dec. 30. 1861. James M O'Brien, enr. as Corp. Oct. 3, 1881. Promoted to Serg. De- serted Oct. 1, 1883. William Babcock, enr. as Fifer Oct, 8, 18B1. Mustered out with the Reg. James Miller, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 19, 1862. James Alpin. enl. Oct, 25, 1861, Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864, Lafayette Brown, enl. Oct. 4, 18^1. Disch. for disability Jan. 21, 1862. Edward Daltou, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Prom, to Corp. Deserted Oct. 1, 1862. John Donaldson, enl, Oct, 10, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 10, 1864. Darwin Henry, enl. Oct. 6. 1.861. Disch. tor disability Aug. 8, 1862. John F. Kelley, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 11, 1.864. William McEacharn, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by wounds rec'd in battle , Milton Miller, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. tor disability . William Price, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Died at Chatta- nooga of wounds rec'd in battle John Pendleton, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. tor disabiUty Sept. 2, 1862. Arthur Quinn, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 18, 1862. Daniel ttegau, enl. Oct. 7, 1361 Transf. to Vec. Reserve Corps. Jacob Rusher, enl. Oct. 21. 1861. Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862. WilUam P. Rodick, enl. Oct. 9, 1361. Disch. March '20, 1865. Benjamin F. Rand, eul. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 14, 1863. WiUiam Reeve, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 21, 1863. John Stuart, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. i ied in Hos. at Chattanooga , 1863. Conrad Schock, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Deserted April 11, 1863. Dennis Sexton, enl. Aug. 37, 1861. Disch. Asahel Thayer, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Died in Hosp. at Bowling Green, Ky., Oct. 13, 1863. Nicholas Wagner, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Died at -Athens, Ala., July 16, 1862. Henry Wagner, eul. Oct. 9, 1861. Disch. Matthew White, enl. Oct. 1'2, 1361. Disch. for disability March 16. 1863 LeanderM. Lovelace, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 18, 1861. Died at Cincincati, April 34, 1862, from wounds. Marcus Synod, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 15, 1864 Henry Ai nold, enl. Oct. 14, 1861 . Disch. for disability caused by wounds rec'd. at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 186:3. Rawson H, Bradley, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. tor disability, 1865. FORTY-SECOND AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS. CU AFTER XXII. FORTY SECOND FOHTY-THIRD AND FIFTY- SECOND INFANTRY Company ti, Forty-second Infautry-Tlie First Colonel— VVbipping Humphrey Marshall— Driven from Cumberland Gap— Storming Chick- asaw Bluffs— Defeated -Capture of Arkansas Post— Battle of Port tiibson— Champion Hills and Big Black- Assaults on Vicksburg— Siege and Capture— In Louisiana— Mustered out— Us Losses— Its Members from Cuyahoga County- Forty-third Infantry— In the ' Ohio Brigade" —Its Subsequent Services— Its .Members from This County— One Mem- ber of the Forty-fltth Infantry— Fiity second Infantry- Its Gallantry at Perryville— Saving the .Ammunition at Stone River- The Battle of Chickamauga— Severe Duty before Lookout— Mission Ridge— Relief of Knoxville— Resaca and Kenesaw— Subsequent Services— Mustered out —Members from this County. FOHTY-SECOXD IXFAXTRY. CoMPAXY G of this regiment was piiucipally from Cuyahoga couuty: the records showing sixty-four men from that county on its rolls, and seven more on those of Companies H and K. The various compa- nies were mustered at Camp Chase during the autumn of 18G1; the regiment being completed by tlie muster of Companies G, H, I and K, on the 26th of Novem- ber. The first colonel was the now celebrated states- man, James A. Garfield. The Forty -second moved to Kentucky in December, and on the 10th of January, 1862, with other troops, was engaged in a sharp fight vrith several thousand rebels under General Humphrey Marshall. During the following night Marshall burned his baggage and fled, leaving his dead on the ground. After consid- erable other duty against guerrillas, the Forty-second was made a part of General G. W. Morgan's command, with which it inarched to Cumberland Gap, taking possession of that renowned stronghold on the 18th of June. On the 6th of July the brigade to which it belonged was attacked by a heavy body of Confederates a short distance south of the Gap, and forced back to that point. General Morgan finally withdrew his whole command through Kentucky: the Forty-second acting as rear-guard in a very exhaustive march. After a short excursion into Western Virginia, the regiment went down to Memphis, in November, 1862. In December it i)roceeded to the vicinity of Vicks- burg. and on the 29th of that month was one of the regiments which stormed tiie rebel intrenehments at Chickasaw Bluffs. It rushed forward in the face of a terrific fire with the utmost gallantry, but the storm of shot and shell and musketry was so murderous that it was obliged to retire, as was the rest of the assailing force. Early in January, 1863, the troops before Vicks- burg went up the Arkansas river and attacked Arkan- sas Post. After four hours' cannonading and several unsuccessful charges, another charge was made in which the Forty-second led the advance, but soon after it got under fire the enemy surrendered. Seven thousand prisoners were captured. Returning to the vicinity of Vicksburg the regiment, in the latter part of April, took a prominent part in the movement against the rear of that city. In the battle of Port Gibson it twice cliaroed the iiitivncli- ments of the enemy and was compelled to fall back with heavy loss, but its courage was still unbroken and, being moved to another position, it again made a charge and carried the rebel works. The enemy then abandoned the field. This regiment lost more heavily than any other in the corps. The Forty-second was slightly engaged at Cham- pion Hills and Big Black river, and suffered severely in the unsuccessful attacks on Vicksburg on the 19th and 22d of May. It participated in the hardships and glories of the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and soon afterward was ordered to the department of the Gulf. During the winter of 1863-4, it was stationed at Plaquemine, Louisiana. It was engaged through the siu-iug and summer of 1864 in arduous service, (though without much fighting), in Louisiana and Arkansas, and was mustered out in the fall, as the terms of the various companies expired. Duriug its three years" service the Forty-second had one officer and twenty men killed, and eighteen offi- cers and three hundred and twenty-five men wounded. ME.MBEIiS FROM CUYAHOGA COfXTY. COMPANY Q. Charles P. Jewett, ear. as Capt. Sept. 19, ISiil. Res. July 11, 1863. Calvin Pierce, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Pro. to 2d Lieut. May 08, 1863; to 1st Lieut. May 25, 1884. Jlustered out with Co. Dec. 2. 1864. Edward B, Campbell, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861. Pro. to 8d Lieut. March 20, 1862; to 1st Lieut. June 5, 1862; to Capt. May 37. 1863. Transt. to 96th Reg. as Capt. Co. E Oct . 22, 1853. Must, out July 7, 1865. Andrew J. Stone, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 19, 1861. Died March 9. 1862. Noble B. Wiggins, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 Pro. to 1st Sergt. July 5. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Hull, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861 Mustered out with the Co. D. J. Wilder, enr. as Corp. Sept. 19,1861. Pro. to Sergt. Mustered out with Co. John W. Hofste, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co . Daniel Mulverhill, eul. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Sergt July 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. .\lfred D. Stryker, enl. Oct. 22, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Henry ColUns, enlisted Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, ISM. Mustered out with the Co. CharlesS. Anderson, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Carlin, enl. Oct. 4, 1861 Mustered out with the Co. Charles Corcoran, enl Oct. 4, 1861 Mustered out with the Co. AmasaS. Garfield, enl. Sept. 19, 18^1. Mustered out with the Co. George M. Kelley, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. James McGregor, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. John McGregor, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. James McGuire, enl Sept 19,1861. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Murphy, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. George M Phelps, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Seymour Ruggles. enl Sept. 19, 1881. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick J. .Switz, enl. Sept 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Shevlin, enl Oct. 4, 1851 .Mustered oat with the Co . Harp)ld Shattuck. eul. Oct. 4. 18alley, enl. Jan. T, 1863. John Devine, enl. Jan. 80, 1808. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 80, 1864. Taken prisoner July iS, 1864. Disch. June 19. 1865, George F, Gale, enl, Jan, 8, 1862, Isaac GUinter, enl, Dec. 28, 1861. Thomas Gahan, enl. Jan , 83, 1862. James Hudson, enl, Dec, 88, 1861. George W, Hoag, enl, Dec. 84, 1861. Mustered out at end of term March 83, 1S65, Patrick Hart, enl. Jan. 10, 1863. Alfred L, Jago, enl, Jan. 4, 1868. H.irace Knapp, enl. Jan. 8, 1802, James Kinkaid, enl, Dec. 81. ISHI. .lohn Kenney, enl, Jan, 13, 1868, James Lytle, enl, Jan, 10, 1888. Hoxie Lamphear, enl, Feb, 3, 1862, Reuben Mitchell, enl, Jan, 10. 1862, William Mat.y, enl, Jan 6, 1862, John Maples, enl, Jan, 4, 1868, John Mead, enl, Jan. 16, 1868, John Nelson, enl, Jan, 6, 1868, Hugh Nelson, enl, Jan. 6, 1S62. Frederic Nicola, enl, Jan. 23, 1862. 118 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUXTY. Charles Olmsted, enl. Dec. 27, 1861. Albert Parmenter, enl. Feb. 1, 1868. Joseph Risinger, enl. Jan. SO, 1862. Lawrence Eixinger, enl. Jan. 7, 1862. Roger Ryan, enl. Jan. 7, 1862. Jackson Smith, eul. Jan. 4, 1868. John Skeene, enl. Jan. 12, 1862. John Sandy, enl. Jan. 7, 1863. John Tiernan. enl. Jan. 4, 1862. William H. Vaughn, enl. Jan. G, 1862. Wallace Wass, enl. Dec. 21, 1861. Jonathan Winslow. enl. Jan. 7, 1S62. FIFTY-flFTH IXFAXTRY. COMPANY D. Charles Stillman, enl. Sept. 13, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergeant Oct. 20 1861 ; to 2d Lieut. Ott. 2, 1862. Resigned March 10, 1864. FIFTY-EIGHTH IXFAXTRY. This was a German regiment, raised in the autumn of 1861 and the following winter, and containing eighty-three men from Cuyahoga county, scattered through six companies, from E, with twenty-five men, down to F, with five. It was sent to the front early in February, 1862, and had the distinction of being the only regiment wjth a Cuyahoga representa- tion which took part in the capture of Fort Douelson. Arriving at the scene of conflict on the 13th of Feb- ruaiT, after a fatiguing march, the soldiers bivouacked in sight of the fort, slept soundly, and the next morn- ing found themselves covered with three inches of snow. Shaking off the snow, the men moved forward. The enemy came out of his works and attacked them, but was driven back into his intrenchments with heavy loss. The Fifty-eighth then held its position till night. On the 16th the fort surrendered. Proceeding up the Tennessee, the regiment went into the battle of Pittsburg Landing on the 7th of April, and was warmly engaged until the enemy retreated; its loss being nine killed and fortv-three wounded. After serving principally on the Mississippi during the summer and autumn of 1862, the Fiftv-eighth went with Sherman's army to Chickasaw Blufl's, where it charged the rebel works most gallantly; being the first to reach the line of rifle pits. Like the rest of the command, it was driven back, however; having nearly half its number killed and wounded. This defeat was partially compensated by the capture of Arkansas Post, in which the Fifty-eighth took part. It was then jilaced by detachments on various iron- clad steamers, where it did good service along the rivers; being on the fleet which achieved the exciting feat of running past the blazing batteries of Vicks- burg on the occasion of Grant's movement to the rear of that stronghold. The regiment landed at Grand Gulf, and lost heavily in the battle which was fought there; afterwards taking jiart in the various expedi- tious in Louisiana. From Sei)tember, 1863, till De- cember, 1861. it was on provost duty at Vicksburg, and was then sent home and mustered out. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Jacob Eggiman, enl. .-ipril 30. 1864. Mustered out with the Co., Sept. 16, 1865. William Schwandt, enl. May 2, 1864. Clustered out with the Co. John Spaeth, enl. Feb. 13. 1864. Promoted to Corporal March 1. 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 24, 1864, and tolstSergt. Junel, IS'io. Mus- tered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865. Thomas Abel. enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John G. Hammerly, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Kens, enl, March 30, 186 1 . Lost on the steamer Sultana April 27, 1865. August Matthews, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David Schwinghatner. enl. March 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. John Schneider, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Sihraidt, enl, March 30, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. Fred Schwinghatner, enl . March 23, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. COMPA.VV c. John W. Hughes enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to .\sst. Surg. tSth Reg. U.S. A., Aug. 5, 1864. George Butler, enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. l»i, 1865. Jacob Weber, eul. Feb. 27, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co . Charles E. MeMahon, enl. Jan. 2!i, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Berrick. enl. Feb. 22. 1864. Mustered with with the Co. Israel Beck, eul. Feb. 23, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Cummings. enl. Feb. 29. 1364. Mustered out with the Co. George P. Dahash, eul. Feb. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Julius Haines, enl. March 12, 1864. Muste;ed out with the Co. George Haislet, enl. Feb. 23. 1804. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Klein, enl . Feb . 0, 1804 . Mustered out with the Co. John Keaver. enl. Feb. 5. 18H4. Mustered out with the Co. Matthew Lawless, enl. Feb. 11, 1S64. Mustered outwith the Co. Charles Lutz. enl. Sarch 1.1804 Mustered out with the Co. John Sander, enl . Feb . 2fi. 1804. Mustered out with the Co . Henry Schlattmej-er. enl. Feb. 17. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Wolfkammer, enl. Feb. 5. 1861. Mustered with the Co. Walter Heffrou, enl. March 28, 1864. Died at Vicksburg. Miss., July 7. 1864. John Wurster, enl. Feb. 3, 1864. Died at Cairo, 111., 1 ec. 1. 1864. Jacob Elmer, enr. as Musician Dec. 20, 1861 . Mustered out Jan. 14, 1805. Andrew Waller, enl. Dec 31. 1861. Disch. Nov. 38, 1862. John C. Bauer, enl. March 31, 1864. Lost on the steamer Sultana. Aprij 27, 1865. Henry Cornell, enl. March 16, li:64. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 16, 1,865. George J. Kohner, enl. March 4. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Mohr, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Peck, enl, Feb. 26. 1864. Mustered out Sept. 16. 1865. William Sheehau, enl. March 24, 18W Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Palmer, enl. March 5, 1854. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 30, 1864. COMPANY E. Robert Speeht. enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. .Ian. 8, 1862; and to 2d Lieut. Sept. 21. 1862, Resigned Dec. 20th, 1863. Charles Stoppel. enl. Dec. 9. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 7, 1862; to 2d Lieut. Nov. 14, 1863; and to 1st Lieut. May 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jan. 14th, 1865. Henry Manzelman, enl. Oct. 29,1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered out with the Co . Adolph Mauzelmau, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Piomoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. William Holtz. enl. Oct 28, 1861. Mustered out with the Co Emanuel Schadler, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Wounded at Shiloh April ~, 1802 and sent to the Qeu. Hosp. Henrj' Wurtinghauser, enr. as Musician Oct. 26, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Dill, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 19, 1862. Philip Boade, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Loston the steamer Sultana, April 37, 1865. Charles A. Bolin, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Chandler, enl. Jan. 14. 1864. Transferred to the Invalid C'oiijs March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Conrad Frodrith, enl. Jan 15, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. Hugh Hart, en). Nov. 30. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Hugo, enl. Jan. 6, ISOl. Mustered out with the Co. Benjamin Lewis, eul. Jan 20, 1.804. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Mullen, enl. Nov. 24, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Michael O'Morrow, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Clustered out with the Co. FIFTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REULMEXTS. 119 FrieJricU Rentz, eal. Feb. I, ISiH. Jlustered out with the Co. Johu Ruth, enl. Fel). 1, 18(U. Mustei-ed out with the Co. Alfreil Syu.es, enl. Jan. 14, 18Gt. Pr..motecl Corp. March 1, l-th Co. Sharpshooters Oct. 31, 1863. Promoted March 15, 1804. to Capt. Co. G, Ortth Inf., and to .Maj. Aug. 16. 1864. Resigned April 18. 1865, Charles E, .\mes, enl. as Sergt. April 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. July 28, 1865. NON-COMMIS.SIONED STAFF. John D, Schoonmaker, enl. March 31, 1864. App. Hosp. Steward May 16, 1864. Killed in action before Petersburg, Va., March 39, 1865. Daniel Lechleittr, eni. Co. I May 3, 1864. Promoted to Com. Sergt. Dec. 1. 1SB4, Mustered out with Reg. John Jamison, enl. Jan. 19, 1865. Mustered out July 24. 1865. James McGloan, enl, Jan. 0, 1865. Mustered out July 24. 186.). COMPANY D. Edwin Cress, enl. Feb. 17, 1864, Co. G. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. June I, 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Co. D March 25. 1865. Resigned June .30, 1863. Christopher C, Gray, enl. Jan. 30, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865. Dosson Finch, eul. March 25, 1864. Died at Fairfax Seminary Hosp. May 15. 1864 John Hutchins. enl. March 33, 1864. Jlissing since action of June IT, 1864, in front of Petersburg. Va, COMPANY E A G. Quintrell. enr. as 2nd Lieut, March 9, 1S64. Promoted to Capt. April 18, 18i)4, Missing since action of June IT, 1864, and thought to have been killed. Franklin Paine, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. H March 16, 1864. Promoted Dee. 31. 1864, to 1st Lieut, Co E, and to Capt. July 25. 1863. Mus- tered out with Reg. BenJ. F. Taylor, enr. as Sergt. 5Iaroh 13, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Sick in Hosp. at Muster out. James A. Wilson, enr. as Sergt March 28, 18i)4. Mustered out with Co July 28, 1865. Robert Gillmore, enl March 19, 1364. Promoted to Corj). Mustered out with Co. Joseph Wilson, enl March 28, 1864 Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with Co. William J. Beatty, enl. March 30. 1864. Mustered out with Co. Timothy Bacon, enl March 31. 1364. Mustered out with Co. James W Brouse. enl. April 13, 1864. Harvey Brouse, enl. March 33, 1864. .Mustered out with the Co. Henry O. Brouse, enr. as Corp. March 23, 1864 William G. Carpenter, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Martin V. Fay. enl. April 8. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William G. Gillmore. enl. March .30. 1864. Peter McCabe, enl March 26. 1864. Robert G. SIcElhaney. enl. March 30. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James S Morrow, eul. Feb. 10, 1363. Mustered out with the Co. Francis .\. Priest, enl March 31. 18«;4. Mustered out with the Co. William W. Root, enl Feb. 10. 1803 Mustered out wit the Co. Horace C. Treat, enl. Mar h -il. !8';4. .Mustere4. Disch, June 82, 1864. 120 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Ephraim W. Moss, enl. March 31, 1864, Disch. May 30, 1865. James Johnston, enl. March 3S, 1S64. Disch. July 9, 1865. William H. Farrand, enl. March 14. 1864 Promoted to Sergt. Maj. July 15, 18M, and to 2nd Lieut. Co. I. March 25, 1863. Edward C. Stevens, enl. March 30, 1864. Trausf . to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 16, 1864. John D. Schoonmaker. (See Xon-commissioned Staff.) Gordon H. Potter, enr. as Musician March 16, 1864. Died in Hosp. Sept. 36, 1864. Philip Ruckle, enl. March 20, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Killed before Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864. Frank R. Beardsley, enl. March 21, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died ot wounds at City Point, Va., Aug. 12, 1864. Arthur J. Parkis, enr. as Corp. ilarch 15, 1864, Died in Hosp. Aug. 1, 1864. George B. Pritchard, enl. March 28, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died Jan. 19, 1865, in rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C. Samuel Marks, enl, April 12, 1864. Missing since action of June IT, 1864 and supposed killed. Nelson R Stevens, enl. March 38, 1864. Killed before Petersburg, Va., .iug. 8, 1864. COMPANY G. Norman D. Meacham, enr. as 1st Lieut. Feb. 26, 1864. Prom to Capt. Nov. 6, 1864. Mustered out July 3, 1865. Orlando W . Havnes, enr. as Corp . Feb. 23, 1854 . Promoted to 3d Lieut . March 18, 1865. and to 1st Lieut. July 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 28. 1865. Ira W Wallace, enr , as Corp. Feb. 17, 1864 . Promoted to 1st Sergeant . Mustered out with the Co . Henry M. Kirkpatrick. enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Clustered out with the Co. Lewis .'?. Thompson, enr. as Corp. Feb. 16. 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Porter M Weylie, enr. as Corp Jan. 39, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Ames. enl. March 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Solomon H. Lee, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out w,th the Co. William Snrns. enl. March 31, 1864, Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Edgar M. Reublin, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co . John .\lbers, enl. Jan. 88, 1S64. Mustered out with the Co. John Davis, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James R Estminger, en!. Jan. 37, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ely Fry, enl. Feb. .3, 1861. William H. Judkins. enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Sent to Hosp. Aug. 6, 1864. Walter Lewis, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William H, Lacy, enl. Feb. 29 1864. Accidentally wounded. Ferdinand Lord, enl, March 3, 18&4. Mustered out with the Co. Lyman H. Luke, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Wagoner, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Wounded May 2, 1864. Henry Wagner, enl. Feb, 2.3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Philip Warner, enl. Feb, 39. 1864 George H. Walberry, enl. Feb. 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sidney E, Wright, enl. Feb. 24. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William .\mes. enl. Jiarch 31, 1864. Disch for disability May 23. 1865. Stephen W. Harrington, enl. Feb, 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Disch. for disability May 34, 1865. John H. Curtiss, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865. William C. Curtiss, enl. March 9. 1864. Mustered out June 22, 1865. Edward Gray. enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Disch. for disability June 12, 1865. Alfred Herold, enl. Feb. 15. 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Wilbur F. Hildreth, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865. Elmer G. Lacy, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. for disability. Roswell B. Moore, enl. March 39, 1864. Disch. for disability May 24, 1865 Thomas D. Miller, enl. Jan. 28, 1864. Disch. for disability March 20 1865. Avery Peabody, enl. Jan. 35, 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 17, 1864. James H. Powers, enl. Feb. 32, 1864. Disch for disability June 6, 1865. Grenville Thorp, enl March 39. 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 8, 1864. John Foster, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps March 15 1865. William Pickett, enl. March 31. 1864. Transf to Vet. Res. Corps. Lewis R. Willey, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 15, 1864, Promoted to 1st Sergt. Died April 3. 1865. from wounds rec'd in action. William W. Wilder, enr as Corp. Jan. 18, 1864. Died of wounds March 13. 1865, at City Point. Va, John K McReynolds. enr. as Corp. Jan. 8, 1864. Died of wounds Dec !7. 1864. Wilbur F. Detchon, enl, Feb. 39. 18M. Died ot wounds Aug, 16, 1864. Lyman R, Hamilton enl. Jan. 37, 1864. Died in Hosp. June 5, 1864. Ben.i F, Hoffman, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Died of wounds March 26, 1865, at Baltimore, Md. William E. Jackson, enl. March 39. 1864. Died at City Point, Va., June 20,, 1865, Benj. F. Purine, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Killed in action May 25. 1865. John Schopp, enl. Jan . 25, 1864. Died in reb el prison at Salisbury, N. C. Feb. 27, 1865. Hiram Sippy, enl. March 4, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C, Nov, 3, 1864. PhineasJ. Vannes?, enl. .March 15, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, Aug. 34, 1864. Henry Cooper, enl. Jan. 32, 1804. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. July 28. 1865. Edward G. Disbro, enr. as Corp. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Gassner. enl, Jan, "l"!. 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865. Charles E. Sutton, enl, Jan. 22, 1864. Died Aug. 15, 1864, at Fort Schuy- ler. N. Y. Walter Yarham. eni. Jan. 32, 1864. Died by reason of wounds. Henry R. Stevens, enr. as Capt. .March 33. 1864. (See Field and Staff. ) John H. Miller, enr. as Sergt March 28, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt, Mustered out with the Co. July 28, 1865, Elmer J. Bennett, enl. March 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Orrin Jewell, enr. as Corp. Feb. 29, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Baker, enl. March'22, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Charles J. Green, enr. as Corp. March 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Richard Bond, enl, Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Roy, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Babcock, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew J Taylor, enl. Feb. 37, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Reg. Albert Albertson, enl. March 7, 1854. Promoted to Corp JIustered out with the Co. Rinaldo Baxter, enl. March II. 1864. Left sick in Hosp. May 13, 1864. Albert M. Bishop, enl. March iS. 1864. Was taken prisoner and paroled. William Canfleld, enl. Feb. 35, 18G4. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Doty, enl. March 31, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. John S, Durgin, enl. March 23. 1864. Mustered out with the C . James Gregory, enl Feb. 24. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. .\den Grover. enl. March 1.5. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Emory G. Hardy, enl. Feb. iS, 1864 , Mustered out with the Co . Levi Leggett. enl. April 4. 1864. Mustered out with th" Co. George W. Phelps, enl. March 33, 1864. Jlustered out with the Co. Reuben Pooler, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Reiner, enl March 28, 1864. Wounded and sent to Hosp. May 12, 1864. Charles Rhode, enl. March 26. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Roche, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles D. Scott, enl. Jiarch 17, 1864 Taken prisoner Aug. 21, 1864, and escaped in March, 1865. George Sheffer, enl. March 32, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles W. Stanhope, enl. March 31. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Robert F. Thompson, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Missing since action of Aug. 21, 1864. Amasa G. Taft, enr. as Corp. .March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Tucker, enl. .April IK. 1864. Sick in Hosp. since .April 39, 1864. William L, Truax, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Waterman, enl. Match 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ephraim Wood, enl. March 13. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Franklin Paine. Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt. March 16, 1864. Promoted Dec 31, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. E. Daniel L. Whipple, enl. March 11, 1864. Discharged for disability Oct. 20. 1864. Warren D. Belden, enl. March 30, 1864, Disch. June 8, 1865. Isaac Elwell, enl. March 18, 1864. Disch. for disability Jan. 4, 1865. Homer C. Jewett, enl. Feb. 23. 1864. Disch. for disability Feb. 6, 1865. Peter Martin, enl. March 26.1864. Disch June 5, 1865. Delos E. Manly, enl. March .31. 1864. Disch. June 5 1865. John R. Swartout. enl. March 4, 1864. Disch. May 31, 1865. Ezekiel B. Van Nostrand, enl. March 15, 1864. Disch. for disability Sept. 9, 1864. WilliamG. Waterman, enl. March 29, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865. George H. Webster, enl. March 38, 1864. Disch. June 21, 1865. Charles D, Giberson, enr. as. Sergt. March 7, 1864. Killed at Salem Mills, Va , June 1 , 1864. Henry W. Hardy, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Fredericksburg, Va., May 12, 1864, from wounds rec'd at battle of the Wilderness, May 6, John Bryan, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1864. Killed before Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864. SIXTY-FIRST AND SI.XTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC. m John B. McAlvey. enr. as Corp. March 11, 1864. Died at Washington, D. ('.. .June 17, ISM William H. Duntoii, enr. H9 Corp. Feb. S-S, l.'M. Died in Hosp. Jan. 1, 1SG5, Nathaniel A. Shipman, enl. March 14, lfe4 Promoted to Corp. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 5, 1864. Harrison Bennett, enl. Feb. S3, 1884. Killed at Salem Mills, Va. June 1. 1864, Horatio Storrs, enl. Feb -JJ, ISIU Promoted to Corp Died in prison at Salisbury. N. C, .ran. 34, 18ii.i. Lawrence T. Pepoon, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Died at Philadelphia, Pa.. July 34, 1864. from wounds rec'd before Petersburg July T. Frederick Chetlin, enl Mareh -30, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 29, 18&4. Thomas W. Carpenter, enl. March SO. Ik:4 Died in prisrn at Salisbury N. C. Nov. 3, 1804. John A Clague, enl March 14. 1864. Died at Philadelphia, Pa , Aug. 7, 18W. George R. Cowles. enl March 18, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Decs. 18tH. Henry M. Eells, enl. March 33, 1864. Died in prison at Richmond, Va,, Oct 8, 1864, John W. Green, enl. March 32, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 13, 18W, James H Hardy, enl. Feb. 2:3. 1864. Died at Washington, D C, June 31, 1864, from wounds rec'd before Petersburg. June IT. Charles Langton, Jr.. enl. March 34, 1864. Killed at Spottsylvania, Va.. May 9, 1864. William Lewis, enl. March 11. 1864. Killed before Petersburg. Va., June 17, I8t>4. George Moore, enl. Feb. 26, 1864, Died at Washington, D, C, Sept. 13, 1864. .\runah Norton, enl March 19, 1S61 Died in prison at Salisbury, N C, Nov 3, 18ty. Alexander Wicks, enl March 3il. 1864 Disch, for disability June IT, 1865. COUPA.NY I. William H f arrand, enl. Co. E, March 34, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. July l.i. 1864; and to 2d Lieut. Co. I, March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 2,8, 1865. George K. Alstadt, enl. May 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp and to Sergt June 1, 1865. .Mustered out with the Co. July 3S, 1865. Milton D. Allen, enl. May 10. 1864. -Mustered out with the Co. Monroe Glick, enl. May T 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Peter C. Hine, enl. May T, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel H, Brooks, enl May 3, 1864, Disch. May -ia, 1865. William Buckheier. enl. April 18, 1864. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Frank Hickok, enl. April 16. 18ti4. Mustered out with the Co. July -iS, 1865, Patrick Harrington, enl April 18, 1864, Transt. to Vet. Res. Corps, March ii, 18«.-), C H A P T E R X X I \' . SIXTY FIRST, SIXTY-FIFTH AND SIXTY SEVENTH INFANTRY. Cuyahoga in the Si.vtyfirst Its First Fight— Second Bull Run-Pro tecting Washington— Chancellorsville Gettysburg— To the .\rmy of the Cumberland— bight in Wauhatcbie Valley, Etc —Resaca— Hard Battle at Peachtree Creek— Guarding Bridges— Down to the Sea — Through the Carolinas— Consolidated— Mustered Out— Members from Cuyahoga - The Sixty-fifth and its Cuyahoga Men— In Kentucky, Mississippi. Etc.— After Bragg— Wading Stone Kiver— .\n Eight Hours Battle— Chlckamauga— The -Atlanta Campaign- Mention of the Battles— Large Percentage of Losses— In Texas— Mustered Out- List of Cuyahoga County Men —Forty-fifth and Sixty-seventh Consoli- ilated— Cuyahoga in the Sixty -seventh— In Virginia— Gallant Conduct at WinehestiT- Numerous Skirmishes -Port Royal and Port Republic —A Gale at Sea— .-V Fourth of July Battle— In South Carolina— A Seven Months Siege — Forty Days under Fire— Storming Wagner— Desperate Courage -Capture of Wagner— Veteran Furlough— Battle of Chester Station— Ware Bottom Church— Under Fire for Month*— Storming the Works at Signal Hill— Other Fights— Reviewed by President Lincoln- Storming Fort Gregg— .\ppomattox—Sxunmer Duty— Out in December —List of Cuyahoga's Representatives. SI XT V-FI KST I -N FA XTK V . This regiment, which contained momheis from iilmost erery county in the State, had thirty-nine from Ciiyahotra county in Company D, and three in Com- pany G. It joined Fremont's army in June, 1862; soon afterwards passing under the command of Pope, and having its first fight at Freeman's Ford, on the Rappahannock in July, ISi'yi. It al.^o had a shar]> con- flict at Sulpliur Springs on tiie 23d and 24th of August, and another on the 25tli at Waterloo Bridge. At the sec:ind Bull Run battle it was warmly engaged for a short time ; having twenty-five killed and wounded. It was not broken up, like so many regi- ments, in that battle, and aided in covering the retreat of Pope's demoralized army. During the subsequent operations of that year the regiment was part of the reserve held for the protection of Wash - ington. After lying in winter iiuarters for several months, the Sixty-first moved south with Hooker and was actively engaged in the disastrous battle of Chan- cellorsville, where it had four ofKcers wounded, and five men killed and about thirty wounded. Its next battle was Gettysburg, v/here it was sent forward on the skirmish line and was driven back with iieavy loss. It then took a position on Cemetery Hill, wiiich it held till the victory was won. In September, 186.3, the Sixty-first went witii the Twelfth Corps to tlie Army of the Cumberland. On the night of the 28th of October it was engaged in a brisk fight in the Wauhatchie valley, driving the rebels across Lookout creek. On the 23d and 25th of November, it was engaged in the battles of Look- out -Mountain and Mission Ridge. After remaining at Bridgeport through tlie winter and enjoying a veteran furlough in March, 1864, the Sixty-first set out early in May on the Atlanta cam- paign. It v;as twice sharply engaged near Resaca, and again at Dallas on the 25th of May, when twenty- three of the men wei'e killed and wounded. After numerous skirmishes, and a sharp fight near Kenesaw Mountain, it crossed Peachtree creek w^ith Hooker's corps on tlie 20th of July, and engaged the enemy. The latter made a furious effort to drive it back across tlie creek, but was repulsed with heavy loss. Xinety- five officers and men of the Sixty-first were killed and wounded. After this, the regiment was on duty in the rear, guarding bridges, etc., until after the cap- ture of Atlanta. The regiment then niiirilied with Sherman to the sea and through the Carolinas. At Goldsboro, North Carolina, it was consolidated with the Eighty-second Infantry; the name of the latter being retained by the combined force. Tiie Eighty-second was mus- tered out about the 1st of September, 1865. MEMBERS FRO.M ( lYAHOGA COLXTY. COMPANY D, John D. Bothwell, enr. as Capt. Feb. 10, 1862. Res. Dec. 33, 1863. James Armstrong, enr. as 1st Lt. Feb. 10, 1863. Res. Dec. 'ii, 1863. George H. Williams, enr. as Sergt. March 38, 18«3. Disch. George Morrison, enr. as Sergt. Feb. "35, 1863. Disch. Charles W. Foster, enr. as Sergt. March 33, 1862. Disch. George M. Pell, enr. as Sergt. March .3. 1863. Disch. March 14, 1863. John Savoy, enr. as Corp, March 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1862 Henry Jenkins, enr. as Corp. Feb. 31, 18W. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 10,1863. Trar.sf. to83dReg. March 31, 18«5. Must, out July 14, 1865. 122 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Edward G Ranney, enr. as Corp. March U. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Killed at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. Richard Evans, enr. as Musician March 3, 1862. Disch April 2T, 1863. Charles C. Armstrong, eul. March 31, 1862. Uisch. Oct. 6, 1862. George Barrett, enl. April ad, 1862. Disch. March 12, 1863. Philip W. Bradford, eul. March 3, 1862. Disch. July 9, 1862. Sq;iire Hallas, enl March 7. 1862. Jacob Haller. eul. March 3, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1862. Died in Hosp . Xov. 28. 1.863. William H. HoUey, enl. March 22, 1862. Died June 12, 1865. George Lambacker, enl. March 1, 1S62. Transt. to 82d Reg. March 31. 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865. George W. Mains, enl. April 2. 1862. Disch. April 29, ISftJ. Edward MeCue. enl. March 20. 1862. Xeal MoCullough, enl. March 31, 1862. Disch. Oct. 18, 1862. Bernard McGouldrick, enl. March 31, 1S62. John Mclntyre, enl. March 3, 1862. Disch. Sept. 1, 1863. Patrick McGuire. enl. March 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 15, 1862. Patrick Murphy, enl. March 14, 1S62. Disch. George W. Xugent. enl. March 6. 1862. Conrad Reich, enl. March 3. 1862. Died in Hosp. Jan. 18, 18&4. William Ritter, enl. April 1, 1862. Died in Hosp. March 21, 1863. Comfort Ranney, enl . April 2, 1862. Jacob Schnurer. enl. March 7. 1862. Disch. June 15, 1865. Edmond C. Sprague. enr. as Musician April 2, 1862. Transt. to S2d Reg. March 31. 1865 Mustered out July 24, 1865. Alfred G. Thompson, enl. March 14, 1862. Missing since Oct. 28, 1864. Lucius Tryon. enl . March 13. 1862. Smith Tryon, enl March 13, 1862. George Voght. enl. March 22, 1862. Albert White, enl. March 7. 1862. John White, enl. April 2, 1862. Transf. to 82nd Reg. March 31, 1865 Mustered out July 24, 1865. A. H. Williams, enl. March 24. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9. 1862. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Ransom White, enl. April 1. 1862. Died at Washington. D. C. Sept. 1, 1862. Robert Wright, enl. March 17, 1862. Died near Stafford Court House. Va, March 6, 1863. Charles Wucherer. enl. March 26, 1862. Wounded at Freeman's Ford, Va.. Aug. 22, 1862. Transf. to 82nd Reg. Jlarch 31. 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865 COMPANY G. Thomas Costello, eul. Feb. 10. 1862 Disch. March 21. 1863. John Higgins. enl. Feb. 1. 1862. Michael Xolau, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. SIXTY-SECOXD IXFAXTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Augustus C. Barlow, enr. as Surgeon March 10, 1863. Appointed Bre- vet Lieut. Col. March 13, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 1865. SIXTY-FIFTH IXFAXTRY. This regiment, which was mustered into service on the 1st day of December, 1801, contained sixty-nine Cuyahoga men in Company E. twenty-nine in Com- pany I and three in Company C. It served in Ken- tucky through the winter, and in April, 1862, was present at the battle of Pittsburg Landing but was not actively engaged. The regiment was on service in northern Mississippi and Alabama and southern Tennesse until August, when it marched to Kentucky iu pursuit of Bragg. At the battle of Stone River, the Sixty-fifth crossed the river with its brigade on the night of the 20th of December, the men often in the water to the armpits, while the enemy was plying them with a heavv fire in front. They formed line on the farther bank, but SIS the supports did not come up the brigade was ordered to retire. The brigade was not actively engaged the next day, but on the morning of the 31st it was ordered to support McCook's corps, which was | being driven back. It was hotly engaged for eight | hours, and its efforts were at last crowned with vic- tory. It had three officers and tliirty-eight men killed, and seven officers and a hundred and six men wounded. Remaining in the vicinity till June, 1863, the regi- ment advanced with Rosecrans and in September fought at Chickamauga. It was in reserve nearly all the first day, but on the second fought long and with varying success; sharing at length, however, in the defeat of the whole army. It had three officers and thirteen men killed, and five officers and sixty men wounded. At Mission Ridge the Sixty-fifth liad fifteen men killed and wounded. The Atlanta campaign was hardly less than a long battle, and the Sixty-fifth was as continuously engaged as any regiment whose records we have observed. " At Resaca it had twenty-eight killed and wounded; at Dallas, six; at Marietta, twelve; at Kenesaw twelve; at Peachtree creek, four. After the capture of Atlanta the Sixty-fifth moved north iu pursuit of Hood, and on the 29th of Novem- ber took part in the battle of Springfield, Tennessee; having twenty-seven officers and men killed and wounded. The next day, in the battle of Franklin, it liad twenty-three killed and wounded. These numbers do not look large, but really rep- resented a large percentage of the regiment; for, after the discharge of the non-veterans on the 3rd of Octo- ber, it contained only a hundred and thirty men. This squad of war-worn soldiers remained at Nashville until June, 1865, when it went to Texas. It served there until December, and was mustered out at Co- lumbus on the 2d of January. ISGG. MEMBERS FROM ClYAHOGA COLXTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Horatio N. Whitbeck. enr. as 2d Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 2. 1861 Promoted to Capt. Nov. 2, 1.861: to Major Oct 7. 1862. and to Lieut. Col. April 3, 1863. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862, at Chickamauga_ Sept. 19, 1863 and at Kenesaw Mt. June 27. 1864. Disch. for disa- bility caused b.v wounds Aug. 16, 1865. Wilbur F. Hinman. enr as 1st Sergt. Co. E. Oct. 12. 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. 7. 1862; to Capt Co. F, June 27. 1S64: to Maj. Oct. 10. 1865, and to Lieut. Col. Nov. 4. 1865. Wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19. 1863. Mustered out with Reg. William H. Massey, Oct. 16. 1861. Transt. to 65th Inf and made 2d Lieut. Junes, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut, and Adj't Feb. 7, 1863. Died April 7, 186:3. of wounds reed at Stone River Dec 31, 1862. Thomas Powell, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 9. 1831. Promoted to Capt. Dec. 1, 1862; appt. Reg. Chaplain July 14. 1864. Clustered out with the Reg NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. James P. Mills, enl. Oct. 24. 1861. Co. E. Promoted to Com Sergt. May 1, 1863. and to Q M. Sergt. Aug. 1. 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Melville C. Porter, enl. Co. E. Nov. I 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 1. 1863, to Pr. Musician Jan. 1, 1864, and to Sergt Maj. April 6. 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Nov. :i0. 1865. COMPANY c. M. W. Dickerson, enl. Mareh 30. 1864. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn , Nov. 29, 1864. Disch. for disability June 22, 1865. Charles C. Files, enl. March 21, 1S64. Died iu Hosp. at Cleveland, O.. Jan. 25, 1865. George Gilger. enl. March 16, 1864. Disch. at Nashville. Tenn., Nov. 28. 1864. COMPANY E. George N. Huekins. enl. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 16. 1861 Pronioted to 1st Lieut. Feb 26. 1862. Died at Nashville April 2. 1862 Wilbur F. Hauxburst, enl. March 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1. 1865. SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH IXFAXTIiY, ETC. 123 Diiiiiel H IViiy, enl. Manli i'l, 18154 Promoted to Coi-p. Oct. 1, 1865. Musieied out with the L'o. Not 30, 18ii5. Wilbur F. Hitiman. (See Fieldand Staff .) Ansel AthertMU. eul. October 13, 1X62. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, IWH, and to Sergt. March 1, 18t)5. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 13, 18B5. Ko.val Edson, enl. Oct 88. 186S. Mustered out June 20. 186.'>. Robert S. Hudson, enl . Oct . 30, 1882 Mustered out at end of term Oct . 29. 1803 Wallace Walrath, enl Dec. 35, TfiS. Wounded at Reseca, Ga., May 15, I8i;i. Disch. for disability soon after Hiram A. Vaughn, enl March 23. 18i;i. Transf to Vet. Res. Corps March 23. 1863 .Michael Turney, enl Oct. ». ISfil. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 186.5. Left sici in Hosp at New Orleans George C Thompson, enl Oct. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1861. Killed at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1864. Edward (i. Fowell. enr. as Corp. Oct. !l, 1861 . Transf to Co. F. Thomas Powell (See Field and Staff I Thonia« Tompkins, enr. as Sergt , Oct 'J, 1861. George Clement, enr. as Corp. Oct. i'. 1861 , Winfleld S. Cady. enl. Oct. 0, 1861. George Lee. enl. Oct, i), 1861 William H Money, enl Oct. ii, 1861. George W. Need, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 Edward Stanley, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. ,Tohn T. Mansell, enl. Oct. 22, 1861. Komanzo Sumrt, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Thomas Clayne, enr. as Corp Oct. 18, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 1, 1S62. and to 1st. Sergt. Jan. 1, 1805. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 28, 1.864. Mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. Oliver Simmons, enl. Nov 2. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co Nov. 30, 1865. Joseph H. Willsey, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 9, 1861 . Transf. to Co. G. Peter Gassner. enl Oct. 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864, and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 4, 1865 Edwin Crocker, enl. Oct. IS, 1S61. Wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 18tl3. Transf. to Vet, Res. Corps. Thomas Kclley. enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 20. 1S63. Lost on the Sultana April 27. 1865, Charles Hanckerson, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Captured at Chickamauga. Sept. 20, 186:3. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865. Jacob Keeler, enl . Oct. 19, 1861. Captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 22, 1S64. Simeon S. Canniff, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 5, 1861. John Cooper, enr. as Corp. Oct. 5, 1861. William Clark, enr as Corp. Oct 24. 1861 . George Hepburn, enr as Corp. Oct. 15, 1861. John F. Russ, enr. as Corp. Oct. 22, 1881. John N. Baumbah, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Thomas C Ault. enl. Oct. 14.-1861. Truman Drake, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Jacob Dibert.enl. Oct. 9, 1861 Henry S Daggett, eul. Nov. 6. 1861. James Fitzgerald, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Wilbur F. Hulet. enl. Oct. 19. 1861. William Johnson, enl. Oct. 29, 1861. Marston V. B. Knowles, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Russell Lewis, enl. Oct. .5, 1861. Julius Leftlngwell, enl, Oct. 22, 1861. William Leinakar, enl, Nov. 4, 1861. William H. Leinakar, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Lawrence Myer. enl. Oct. 19. 1861. JamesP. Miller. iSee Non-commissioned Staff.) Charles H. Nickerson, enl Oct. :i0. 1861. William Pumphrey, enl. Oct. 18, 1861. Stanley (i. Pope, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. James O. Pague. enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Frederick Shreat, enl. Oct 84. 1861. David D. Schaub, enl. Nov. 9. 1861. Louis Schneider, enl. Nov. 6, 1861, William J Varham.enl. Oct. 3, 1861. ThomasC. Aldrich, enl. Oct. 24,1861. 17. 1.S62. George A Whitney, enl. Oct. 24, 1801 17, 1S62. Charles V. Wheeler, enl. Oct. 24, 1,801. 17. 1862. Horatio N Whitbeck Iay 2:). 18(53, and to Capt. and A. Q. M. April 10, 18()4. :\Iustered out Dee. 7, 1865. .NOS-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Edwards. Allen, enr. as Musician Nov. 11, 1861. Promoted to Drum Major. William Sorse. enr. Dec. 17, 1801, Co. G. Prom, to Sergt, Wounded at Fort Wagner, .July 18, 1863. Prom, to Sergeant Major Jan. 11, 1865. i Wounded April a, 1863. [ COMPANY B. ; Ebenezer Sumner, enl Dec. 16. 1863. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. : WMIliam Sumner, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Left in Hosp at Philadelphia, May 1, 1864. COMPANY C. George L. Childs. enr. as '.^nd Lieut. Oct. 15, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut, and to Adj. Oct. 9, 1863, and to Capt. May S3, 1864. Wounded at Ft. Wagner July 18. 1863, and Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. |! Dec. 7. 1865. f 8IXTY-F1KST A.M> SIXTV-FIF'J'II 1M-'ANT1!Y, ETC. 1;J5 J.ilin L . McCorniick. eiil Jan . 2, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. July 17, 1885. Jacob Hiller. eiil Oi-I. !l. 18(51. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865. Joshua I.ovegrove. enl. Xov. .•). 1883 Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Miller, enl. Nov 1, 18(51. Promoted to Corporal Feb. 18, 1864. Wounded near Petersburg, .\piil S, 18t'5. Disch. for disability Aug. ill. ISO.'). Charles Ellis, enl. March 'i6. If64. Wounded near Petersburg. April 3, 18(JJ. Disch. June 16. 1865. Kinnldo A. Gray, enl . Dec. -^7, 1861 . Disch. for disability March 31. 1869. .\ndiew Krieger. enl Oct. 13.1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 87, 1865. Caleb Turner, enl. Oct 38, 1861. Disch. for disability May 8. 1862. Charles Whitehead, enr as musician Dec. 53, 18(51. Disch. Oct. 10 18(53. George W. Young, enl. Oct. 19, 1861 Transf. to U. S. Navy Aprils, 1.864. Ji'hn Fo.v. enl. Oct. 38, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Va., March 33, leUS Peter Galvin, enl. Nov. 91, 1861. Died in Hosp. Oct. 6, 1862. Rnbert Teare, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Va.. March 33, 1863. James Williams, enl. Dec. S6, 1861. Transf. toCo. E. Jan. 7, 1862. James Watson, enl. Dec 36, 1S61. Transf. to Co. E Jan. 7. 18ti3. Charles Hornsey. enl. Feb. 93,1864. Promoted to lorp. Nov. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George E. Herrinuid. enr ns Sergt. Nov. 30, 1861 . Alnion R. Baldwin, enr, as Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861. Wellington Smith, enr as Cor]). Dec. 10. 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded May 10. 1864. John Gnodman. enr. as Corp. Dec. 16, 1861. Seth .^brams. enl. Dec. 16. 1861. Jacob Bogardus. enl. Dec. 17. 1861. Patrick Corkins, enl. Dee !l. 1801. Taken prisoner at Deep Bottom. Va.. Aug. 18. 1864 Jacob Gilbert, enl Dee 34. 1861 Edward Hawkins, enl. Dec. !l, 1861. Promoted to Corp. June 91, 1863; to Sergt Aug. SO. 1864. and to 1st Sergt. March 37, 1865. Transf. to Co. B Aug. 3. 1863. Mustered out Dec 7. 1S63. John Rornsby enl. Dec 2. 1861. John W Heniii. enl. Dec. 10, 1861. L. T. Hancock, enl. Dec. 33 1S61. .lohn Jay. enl Dec. 18 18iil . Tom Maber. enl. Nov. 38. igni Joseph Ryan, enl Dec. 34. 18«1 Oliver StalTord. enl. Dec 30. 1861. Joel Van. enl Nov. m. 1861. Henry C. Williams, eul. Nov 30, 1861. William Wright, enl. Dec. 22. 1861. John Hood. enl. Oct. 31. 18(54. Transf. to Co B Aug. 3, 18(55. .Mustered out at end of term Oct. 36, 1865. Henry Johnson enl March 5. 1864. Wounded Aug. 16, 183. Mustered out Dec 7, 1865, Philip Foles. enl, Nov. 18. 1861. Henry Frantz. enl. Nov. -28. 1861. John Gais. enl Dec. 17. 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 18. 1863, and at Chester, Va,. May 9, 1864. Alexander Gordon, enl. Dec 18. 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863. William T. Green, enl. Nov. 39, 1801. Charles Gibbard, enl, Dec 5, 1801. John Hoaft. enl Dec. 97. 1861. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. Charles Hancock, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. David Holliday. enl. Nov 13. 1861, Truman Kidney, enl. Dec. 93, 1801. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3. 1865. Mus lered out Dec. 7. 1865. William Kimball, enl. Dec. 3. 1861 William Keille. enl Nov. 13, 1861. Paul Kamerer. enl . Dec. 33. 1861 . Louis t.'. Lyon, enl. Nov. 3. l.'iOl. Edwin S. Libbey. enl. Nov. -35. 1861. W. Lucas, enl. Nov. 10, 1861 John Loch, enl Oct. 30. 1861. Ed. J. McDonald, enl Dec. 3. 1861. Dallas Moon. enl. Nov. 3. 1861. Levi .A. Meacham. enl. Nov 4. 1861. George E. Morgan, enl Nov. 7, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch. from Hosp. July 20. 1865. Alex. Muchler, enl. Nov 7, 18(51. Peter Mormon, enl. Dec. 12. 1801 Peter McGue, enl. Dec. 15, 18(51 Michael Madden, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Constantine Olga. enl Nov. 18. 1861. William Ody. enl, Dec. 11. 1861. Wounded M»y 9, ;1864. Promoted to Corp siept 14, 1864. Transf . to Co C. Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, l.Mio. Albert Oldham enl. Dec. 18. 18(51. Samuel Plai^ter. enl. Xov. 13, 1861. George Pike, enl Dec. 28. 1>61 . Henry A. 1 hilip. enl Dec 23. 1861. Solomon Pntchanl. enl. Nov. 30, 1861. Jonathan Ring. enl. Nov. 36, 1861 Jacob Roath. enl. Nov. 16. 1861. Milford Roi-inson. enl. Dec, 18, 18CI. August Reisland. enl. Nov. 18, 1851 . 126 GEXERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Lewis Stattlemeier, enl. Dec. 17, 1861 William Sorge. (See Non-com. Staff.) Mark Shafe, eul. Dec. US, 1861. Taylor E. Str<5ud, eul. Nov. 16, 1S61. Promoted to Coi-p. Oct 14, ISW, and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. John Seulby, enl. Nov. 8. l.sOl. Wounded at Fort Wagner .July 18, 1863. David Twitcliell, enl. Nov. U, 1861. Lafayette Taylor, enl . Nov. 18. IMiil Jacob Traenis. enl. Jan. 8. 1862. Sidney J. Varney. enl. Nov. 1.3, 1S61. Wounded at Fort Wagner Julv IS, 1863. Augustine Winter, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. \\'ounded at Fort Wagner Julv 18. 1863. Henry Wirsch, enl. Dec. 5, 1661. Christian Wagoner, enl. Deo. 13, 1861. Killed at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863. James Wait. enl. Nov. 18, 1861. George Winfield. enl. Nov. 23, 18UI. Orlando Emerson, enl, Dec. 31. 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Transt. to Co. C Aug. .3. 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. Charles Nicholas, enl. Dec. 31. 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Herman Uhler, enl. March 11, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865- Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. John Demaline, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf to Co. C. Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. Charles Fuller, enl. March 25, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865 Mus- tered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865 George Heward. enl. JIarch 15, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865, Mus- tered out with the Co Amos Hodgman. enl. Feb. iO. 1N64. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus. tered out with the Co. Michael Joice, enl. March 23, 1864. Left sick at Camp Dennison Sept. 27, 1864 Jacob Hallett. enl. March 9, 1864. Transf. to Co C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. John Miller, enl. March 33, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. .3, 1865. Mus tered out with the Co. Samuel Richman, enl. Feb. -14. 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. oseph Studer. enl. Feb. 39. 1864, Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3. 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Edward Sumner, eul. Jan. 4, 18';4. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Allen Wheeler, enl, Jan. 2, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Rodney J. Hathaway. (See Field and Staff.) Samuel Burd. eul. Nov. 14. 1.861 COUPANV H. John B. Spafford. enr. as and Lieut. Oct. 3, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Dec 18,1861. Resigned Feb. 3. 1863, Sidney G. Brock, enl, Nov. 18. 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Dec. 18. 1861, to Capt. Oct. 3. 1S63. Mustered out Jan. 25, 1865. John Evarts, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. Disch. Charles Lewis, enl. Dec. 24. 1861 Disch. Sept. 11. 1862. COMPANY I. John R. Straus, enl. Sept. 33. 1864 Died at Chapins Farm. Va , Dec 3 18154 , COMPANV K. John Baker, enl Feb. 8. 1864. Transf. to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7. 1.865. William H. Kelley, enl. Nov. 16. 1864. Transf. to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865. Disch. at end of term Nov. 17, 1865. Joseph Horn, enl. Nov. 17, 1864. Trans, to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865. Disch. at end of term Nov. 17, 1865. James B. Garner, enl. Oct. 17, 1864. Disch. at end of term Oct 18 1865. John R. Brokan, enl. Oct. 18. 1864. Disch. Sept. 2, 1865. Almeron Pangborn, enl. Oct. 18. 1864. Died in Hosp. at Fortress Monroe, Va., .\ug. 24. 1865. SEVENTY-SEVENTH IXFAXTKV. COMPANY K. John J. Calvert, eul. Nov 20, 1861, Charles W. Delany. enl Nov. 35, 1861 CHAPTER XXV. EIGHTY-FOUBTH, EIGHTH-SIXTH AKD EIGHTY- SEVENTH INFANTHY, ETC. The Eighty-fourth goes forThree Months— Two Strong Companies from Cuyahoga— Services in Virginia— Cuyahoga County Men— Two Regi- ments of Eighty si.-vth Infantry— Services of the Three Months' Men at Clarksburg, West Virginia- Cuyahoga Soldiers— The Six Months' Regiment in West Virginia— Capture of John Jlorgan— Capture of Cumberland Gap— Mustered Out— List of Soldiers from this County- Eighty -seventh Infantry— Its Surrender— Men frciu this County— Eighty-eighth Infantry— Its Duty at Camp Chase— Cuyahoga Men. EIGHTY- FOURTH INFANTRY. This was a three mouths" reoiuient, raised in May and June, 1862, to meet a pressing emergency. Com- panies D and E, a hundred and ninety-seven men in all, were from Cuyahoga county. On the 11th of June it proceeded to Cumberland, .Maryland, where it remained until September, guarding the lines, cheek- ing guerrillas, etc. It garrisoned the fort and village of Xew Creek a short time, preventing a threatened attack by General Imboden, and then, after about four months" service, returned home and was mustered out. MEMBERS FROM CCYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF John J. ^^ iseman, enl. as Lieut. Col. June 7, 1862. Detailed on special service at Washington. D. C. Sept. 13. 1862. Mustered out after the Reg. Frank H. Hiuman. enl. as 3nd Lieut. Co, D May 36, 1863, App, .\djt, .\ug 18. 1863. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Daniel R. Taylor. Q, M, Sergt, , Royal A, Muusell, Com, Sergt, COMPANY D, JohnN, Frazee, Captain, F.li Ely. 1st Lieut. Frank H . Hiuman. (See Field and Staff ) Thomas Goodwillie (1st Sergt. \ David S. Whitehead (Sergt.), William Morgan (Sergt.), Reuben A. Field (Sergt. i, George W. Armstrong (Sergt.). Jacob J. Lohrer (Corp. i. Austin H. Waters iCorp.), William E Murray (Corp.), Isaac W. Severance (Corp.). Pierson D. Briggs (Corp ). Albert G. Carpenter (Corp. i. Edward S. Warner (Corp.), (Iscar W. Han- cock (Corp.), William A. Diefenbach, James Covert, Frank Baker, Olcott Barrett, James Bemis, Charles A Bolton, Quincy Bradley. Ed- win E. Beeman. Charles E. Brown. John F. Brunner. John Banton, Angus R. Braden, John Crowell, Jr., William H. Chamberlain. Robert L Chamberlain. Benj. F. Chapman. William H. Chaffee, Michael Car- roll, \N alter Coates, John Dugan. Edward Dangerfield, John R. Evans. Hamilton Fordyce, .\ddison J. Farrand. William H. Farrand. James Gettings, Henry Glenville. Thomas Guy, Charles H. Gill. Lewis Gross. Robert Gould Asa A. Goodwin. Charles A. Goodno. Henry Hollev. George S. Holden. Henry H. Hawthorne, Edwin T. Hamilton. Frederick T. Hard, James A. Hartness. Edward Hudson, Halsey J Hawthorne, Paul B. Harris, Seymour G, Hunt, Earl Herrick. Peter Kuntz, Frederick Kinsman. .Jr.. David C, Ketchum. Thomas Lemmon. David L, Lowrie, John A, Loomis. Henry E, Lowrj% .\ustin B, Leonard, Theodore J, Leitz. Chauncy B, Lane. Josiah .Morris. William E. McBride. Robert E. Murray, Charles W. McReynolds, John T, Mead, John W, O'Neil. Lloyd G, Parker. William H. Pepperday, John T, Pinkney. George S, Paine, Charles Pinkney. Charles Quiggin. George S. Quayle. F. L. Reese. Omar S. Richardson. John H. Rose. Frederick Stokes, Joseph Speddy, Theo- dore Sterritt. Edward C. Smith. Samuel Starkweather, Jr.. Lewis Stein. Edward Sewer. Edward C Tinker. George R Tice, Daniel E. Taylor (See Non-Com. Staffi, James .\. Willson, Geoi-ge Watkins, John B, Wade, A B. Woodruff. Charles White, Thomas Whitehead, Joseph Zuber, Wyllis S Stetson. EIGHTV-FOrHTH AND EIGHTY -SI. XT II IXFAXTUY, ETC. 127 COUPANy. E. . I limes Pickarid^. Captain, Viih'il C. Taylor, 1st Lieut. Henry T. Nash, -M Lieut. Samuel L. Allen (1st Sergt.), .James McGinness iSergt.), Judson M. Bishop (Sergt.), Eben S. Coe (Sergt.), Frank J. Ford (Sergt.), Theron C. Baldwin (Corp.), Theodore A. Andrews (Corp.), Lyman I). Hunt (Corp.). Frank S. Chamberlain (Corp i. Elijah H. Norton ((.'orp.), Ben,j. H. Smith (Corp.), George Wilkinson (Corp ). S. H. Waring (Corp.). Charles D. Camp, .lames J. Adams. Daniel J. Altheu, Hannilml A Beeson, William .11. Barnes. William O. Barnes, Charles E. Bnigham, Eugene W Benhani, .John K. Batchelder. William Calahan. Thomas Chevring- ton, William W. Castle, Charles D. Collins, David K. Clint, Thomas J. Crooks, .Alexander H. Cobb. Myron E. Cozzem, Orlando .M. Caimei', Charles W. Cook, Charles W. Diehl, Peter Deatry, Charles Evans, Ellei'y C. Ford, Nathan C. Fleming, Theodoi-e Foljambe, George Gar- rettson, LewisB. Gentz, Patrick W. Grineley, George M. Heard. Michael Hogan, Daniel Henricle, William E. Herrick. Samuel H Harrison, Henrj- A. Harvey, William Holmes, Henry J. Hoyt, Justin Juch, Wil- liam A. Knowlton, Edwin J. Kyser, Henry C. King, William \V. Kim- ball, Jacob Krch, Edwin N. Locke, Walter J. Lowman, Albert Means. Charles D Morse, William D. Mather, Royal .i.. Munsell (see Non-com- missioned Staff I, Theodore Odell. Lewis D. Oviatt, George W. Potter, Henry Phillips, Edward S. Page, Timothy H. Kearden Daniel Roberts, Lemuel O. Rawson, James C. Ryan, Horace W. Strickland, Frank W. Smith, Lyman I Smith, George Spangler, Basil S. S|iangler, Henry Sa.\ton, Gustavus K. Tupper. Hervey B. Tibbetts, Charles M. Voroe, Cary A. Vaughn, Delos O. Wickham, William H. W^yman, Charles E Wilber, Walter F. Wells, Theodore M. Warner, Alfred T. Webber, Oscar Wade, Henry A. Woodward, Henry A, Welch, Edward E. Young. EI(;nTY-Sl.\TH INFANTRY. Two organizations bore this name; one raised for three mouths in Ma\- and June, 1863, and one for six months in June and July, 1863. Cuyahoga was siiglitly represented in both, as appears by the annexed record. The first regiment went to Clarksburg, West Virginia, in June, 1862, and remained there most of the time during the summer, guarding the raih'oad, and defending that place and Orafton from the threatened attacks of guerrillas. It was mustered out on the 25th of September. The si.\ months organization was completed just as tlie celebrated guerrilla, John Morgan, was making his great raid through southern Oliio. The regiment was immediately dispatched to Zanesville to help capture him. One battalion skirmished with a part of Morgan's force as it crossed the Ohio, while the other, in connection with Colonel Shackleford's coni- iikiikI. assisted in the capture of the redoubtable [lartisan himself. The Eighty-sixth soon went to Kentucky, where it joined an expedition under Colonel E)eC'ourcy against Cunil)erland Ga]); reaching a position in front of that stronghold on the 8th of September. At the same time General Burnside, in accordance with the pre- viously concocted plan, came up from East Tennessee on the South. The Eighty-sixth and other regiments were sent forward in line of battle, and every arrange- ment was made for an attack from both sii'es, but, on a demand being made, the rebel general consented to surrender. The regiment remained at the Gap until its term expired, when it returned to Cleveland, lieing mustered out on the 10th of February, 1864. CrVAllii(i.\ MKN IN IHK THRKI-:-MO\TH.'< HKiUMKNT. COMPANY O. Almon 0. Bruce. Edwin Ewing. COMPANY K. William N. Hubl)Bll (Corp.), Solomon H. Gleason, John A, Field, Lo- renzo Strong, John E. Coleman, Edward M. Kellogg. Conrad Schade, Ira D. Williams, John White CfYAlKKJA MEN IN THE SIX-.MOXTHS REGIMENT. COMPANY C. Samuel H Boyelten, David Green. COMPANY F. Henry W. Monell, COMPANY O. Charles E. Crowe, Larmou Cohvell, James Miller Michael D. DeWyani. Jeremi.vh S. Dunscomb. Charles Goodsell, Estel Jackson, lieorge Linsey. John Whi^e Roger Willia:ns, H. B. Steele 'transf to l-,".tth Inf ) EKillTY-SEVENTlI INFANTRY. This was another three months reguneiit, and was more unfortunate than either of the foregoing. It went from Ohio to Baltimore in June, 1862, remained there till the latter part of July, and then rejiorted to Colonel Miles, at Harper's Ferry. In the forepart of September that otiicer surrendered his wjiole force to Stonewall Jackson. As the term of the Eighty- seventh had expired, its men were released from then- paroles and the regiment was sent home; being mus- tered out on tlie 2iith of September, 1862. .MEMBERS FROM CIYAIIOGA GOIXTY. COMPANY O. Christopher Keary, ad Lieut William Crawford, Peter Keary, Richard Barringer, William M. Cur ran, Thomas Deiter, Thomas Fitch. Edward D Frame, Charles Frame, Robert Garvey, John A. Godfrey, Henry J. Howlett, John Miller, John W. Mayhew, Patrick McLaughlin, Joseph Moley, .tiidrew McCartney, Frederick M. Preston. Christopher Rath, Toney Siegel. David Shaugh- nesy, Andrew Winner, John W. Warr, Thomas Kenaly. EIliHTY-EIGHTH IXFANTRY. This was a three-years regiment ; the first four companies being raised as the "Governor's Guards" in July, 1862, and the others a year later. It was kept almost all the time of its service guarding rebel prisoners at Camp Chase, and though always ready was never engtiged with the enemy, Ir was mustered out in July, 186.5, .MEMBERS FRO.M (fVAHoGA COfXTY. COMPANY C. Wolcott F. Ciane, enl. July 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 3. IWio. Andrew McGregor, enl. June 30, 18B3. Mustered out with the Co. Willis P. Storrs, enl July 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY H. John H. Irwin, enl. July (i, 18«3 Promoted to Sergt Mustered out with the Co. July 3, ISfl."). Charles A Jaycox. enl June iS. ISItl Mustered out with the Co. George W. Johnson, eul July 18. 1S«3. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Welton. enl July 15, lS>a. Jlustei-ed out with the Co. July 3, 1S(m N IN ET V-THIKI) 1 N l'\ NTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Martin L. Brooks, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aprd .3, ISia, Mustered out with the Reg June S, 18(m. 128 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XXVI. ONE HtJNDRED AND THIHD INFANTRY, ETC.* The Rally in lS62_Ten Companies Reaily for the Field— Six of them from CuyahoKa— First Officers of the One Hundred and Third— Off for Kentucky— After Buell— Sickness— The Stay at Frankfort— South- ward in the Spring— On the Cumberland— With Burnside to East Ten- nesee— Terrible Roads— Great Hardships— Delight of the Loyal Ten- nesseeans— Special Enthusiasm at Greenville— Up the Tennessee Val- ley—Skirmishes at Blue Springs- Marches and Countermarches— Con ■ centrating at Knoxville— Longstreet beseiges the City— Attack on the Pickets— A Desperate Fight— Gallantry of the One Hundred and Third —The Rebels repulsed— Increasing Hardships— Sleeveless Blouses and Legless Pantaloons— A Dollar for a " Hard Tack "—Approach of Suc- cor—Retreat of the Enemy— Pursuit— The Acme of Wretchedness- Back to Knoxville- Food and Clothes— Jlore Marching— The Atlanta Campaign- Resaca— Charging Breastworks— Lying down under Fire —"Charge Bayonet"— Carrying Two Lines of Works— The Next Day's Battle— Retreat of the Enemy — Ptmipkin-vine Creek — " Forward "-- A Wretched Sight— The Rebels retreat— Heavy Skirmishing— A Dash- ing Exploit — Before Atlanta— Evacuation of Atlanta — Rest at Decatur — Heavj- Losses— Made Headquarters Guard— After Hood— Defending the Train at Spring Fill— Defeating the Enemy— A Flag from Cleve- land Ladies— A Long .Tourney— Arrival in Xorth Carolina— Capture of Wilmington, etc— Off for Home— A Sad Accident— Ovation at Cleve- land-Mustered Out — Members from Cuyahoga County--Men of the One Hundred and Fourth After the flisii.«ters of the Peninsular campaigrn in Jnne. 1862, and the consequent call of the President for three hundred thonsand more men, it is well known that, notwith.«tandino- the many severe drains which the North had had to hear, its sons asain ral- lied with nndannted fortitnde in defense of their country. Cnyahoga, Lorain and Medina connties had done their fnll share in sending- out the one hundred and twenty thonsand men which already represented Ohio in the field, but when recruiting otfices were opened in them for a new regiment, the farmers, me- chanics, clerks and professional men of these counties promptly responded,. and by the middle of July ten companies with full ranks were in the camp of ren- dezvous at Cleveland. Of these, six companies. A, B. C. D. E and G, were principally from Cuyahoga county. During the war Cuyahoga county was represented in Company A by eighty-one members; in Company B by eighty- two members; in Company C by seventy-two; in Com- pany D by ninety-three; in Company Eby eighty-nine; and in Company G by eighty-four. These, with five in Company H and fourteen in Company I, made a total of five hundred and twenty men from Cuyahoga county in the regiment during its term of service. Nine-tenths of these were recruited during the months of July and August, 18fi2. In the latter part of August the ten companies were organized into a regiment under the name of the One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry, with John S. Casement, of Psiinesville, as colonel ; James T. Ster- ling, of Cleveland, as lieutenant-colonel, and Dewitt C. Howard, as major. On the 3rd of September the new regiment set out for Cincinnati, and after a brief stay at Covington, on the o]iposite side of the river, made its first march, on the 0th of September, to Fort Mitchell, three miles from the latter city. On the eighth of September the regiment was duly mus- *Principally from Col. P. C. Hayes" "Journal-History" of the Regi- ment. tered into the United States service; there being then nine hundred and seventy-two olficers and men in its ' ranks. On the ISth of September the One Hundred and Third, having been united with Buell's army, started in pursuit of the retreating forces of Bragg. The next day it was placed in the advance and took its first lesson in skirmishing. At Snow's Pond, where the regiment camped during the latter part of September and the forepart of October, the men sufl'eied much from sickness, caused by the stagnant water they were obliged to use, nearly half the regiment being sick at once, though fortunately few cases were fatal. On the 6th the One Hundred and Third moved for- ward as a part of the brigade of General Quincy A. Gilmore, but was soon separated from it and ordered to Frankfort, the capital of Kentucky. It remained there five months (except during a trip of a few days to Louisville), a period which is described as very comfortably spent, and as being fruitful of the most pleasant relations with the citizens of that ancient Kentucky city. On the 5th of April, 1863, the One Hundred and Third moved southward, becoming part of the force of Gen. S. P. Carter, operating against the rebel Gen- eral Pegram. After considerable skirmishing at vari- ous points, the rebels attempted to make a stand at ]\ronticello, beyond the Cumberland river but were easily defeated by the Union cavalry, before the in- fantry could come up. The command, however, was ordered back to the Cumberland river, which was made the southern line of defense by the Union forces. After a few weeks spent on the north bank of the river, and some very severe marching in the forepart of July, nearly all the rebels having been driven out of Kentucky, a large body of Union troops was concentrated at Danville and organized into the Twenty-third army corps, under Major General Hartsuif, for the purpose of marching to the relief of the Unionists of East Tennessee. On the 17th of August General Burnside took the chief command, and on the next day the army, numbering about twenty thousand men, set out on its way. The march over the mountains was one of extraor- dinary severity. Southern roads, as all soldiers of the late war well know, are of the most detestable description, and Southern mountain roads are per- fectly abominable — resembling cow-paths in which there have been no cows for twenty years. The men were obliged not only to carry their knapsacks, guns, cartridge-boxes, canteens and haversacks along these wretched trails, but to build bridges, lay corduroy roads, and help along the artillery and wagons, day after day and night after night, and all on half ra- tions, or even less. Still, however, they struggled on, with extraordi- nary patience under the circumstances, passing Crab Orchard, Burnside's Point, Emery's Iron Works, etc., to Concord in East Tennessee. The enemy fled be- fore them, and after reaching Tennessee the labors of ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC. 139 the troops were less severe. The loyal Tennesseeans were wild with delight at the appearance of the old flag and its defenders. Every little village was pro- fusely decorated with the long-concealed National flags, while the people — men, women and children — tlironged in crowds along the line of march to wel- come and to l)less the soldiers of the Union. After taking jiossession of Knoxville, the principal place in East Tennessee, on the 1st of September, the Virginia and Tennessee railroad was utilized by the troops; the One Hundred and Third and other regiments going by rail up the valley a siiort distance northeast of (ireenville. At the latter place the enthusiasm reached its cli- max. All the people for miles around flocked to the depot, and nearly every one brought a basket of re- freshments — pies, cakes, meats, etc., — for the benefit (if the men who had come to protect them from rebel rule. Not only were the soldiers in a body greeted with tlie wildest cheers as they arrived, but hundreds of individuals were seized, shaken by the hand, blessed and wept over by the excited inhabitants. And this was only a more striking example of what was felt and expi'essed throughout East Tennessee by the persecuted, plundered Unionists of that devoted region. After sevei'al marches and countermarches in the vicinity of Greenville, the command moved up the valley, in the latter part of September, to Johnson's station and the Watauga river. After some skirmish- ing the enemy retired, and the command moved back to Greenville, and thence to Bull's Gap. On the 9th of October an advance was made to Blue Springs, where the rebels were met and companies A and D of the One Hundred and Third were sent forward as skirmishers. They came upon a large foi'ce of the enemy which charged and drove them back; killing, wounding and capturing a considerable number. Other companies of the regiment were sent to the relief of those mentioned, but Gen. Bnruside was not yet ready for a general engagement, and the whole com- mand was soon ordered back to Bull's (iap. Ere long, however, he was ready, and on the eleventh of October he ordered a general advance. A smart engagement took place at Blue Springs, and the One Hundred and Third lay on their arms all night ex]iecting a battle. The enemy, however, fled under cover of the darkness. Numerous other marches, forward, backward and sideways, were nnide in the dismal autumn weather, but they were not of sufficient importance to be recorded here. Early in November all the Union forces in East Tennessee were concen- trated at Knoxville, to repel a threatened attack by Gen. Longstreet. The One Hundred and Third reached that city on the fourth. About the fifteenth Longstreet appeared and sat down before the place with the evident intention of capturing it; at the same time, by means of his numerous cavalry, cutting off all communication between the Union forces and their comrades in other localities. He pushed his advance close to the Union picket line, and a constant firing between the two sides was the natural result. Numerous fortifications were built by the rebels to facilitate the siege, and the Unionists responded with eqnal zeal, until every hill around Knoxville was seamed with breastworks and bristled with cannon. On the morning of the 25th of November Gen- eral Longstreet sent forward a division of his best troops to attempt a surprise of the pickets while being relieved, to be followed by an assault upon the breast- works. A hostile movement of some kind was ex- pected, and six companies of the One Hundred and Third were ordered out to relieve the two which had previously been considered sufficient. There was some accidental delay, and the relief did not reach the post until about one o'clock in the afternoon. Just as the six companies were being stationed, the enemy charged with a yell and a volley. As this was the first time the regiment had been in a serious fight, it was very natural there should be some wavering. The men quickly recovered, how- ever, and volley after volley, closely aimed, soon tes- tified to the coolness and courage of the sons of northern Ohio. Heavy firing ensued on both sides for about an hour and a half. The One Hundred and Third was assisted by the pickets of the Twenty- fourth Kentucky and the Sixty-fifth Hlinois, and at length, by the whole strength of those regiments. The struggle grew hotter, but finally the rebels were seen to waver, when the Union commanders gave the spirit-stirring order "charge bayonets," and with a thundering cheer the whole line went forward at full speed. Before they could be reached, the sons of chivalry broke and fled to their works on a neighbor- ing hill, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. Our men then resumed their old position. This was known as the battle of Armstrong Hill, and was the first severe conflict of the One Hundred and Third Ohio. The companies engaged had about thirty-five men killed and wounded. The siege continued, and its hardships speedily increased. Overcoats and superfluous clothing had all been thrown away during the toilsome marches of summer, the blouses and pantaloons with which the men had started from Kentuckv had been worn out, the broken communications had prevented the issue of new articles, and in many cases, while the cold had rapidly become more severe, the men were reduced to shirts and drawers, with the addition of blouses with- out sleeves, and with pantaloons with no legs below the knees. Rations, too. which had been of only iialf the regu- lar amount since the command entered Tennessee, were now reduced to a quarter size, or even less, and the men were on the verge of starvation. They reme- died this to some extent, however, by excursions after corn up the French Broad river, a section which Long- street had been unable to invest. Even this resource was exhausted in time, and hunger became the daily 130 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. companiou of all the infantry of the command. Those who had money could occasionally purchase food, fre- quently giving from half a dollar to a dollar for a sin- gle army-cracker, commonly known as a "hard tack." and from a quarter to half a dollar for an ear of corn. Those who had no money did the best they could on their quarter rations. Fortunately the time of the worst suffering was not of long duration. The victory of Mission Eidge warned Longstreet that he could only gain Knoxville by a desperate venture, and the defeat of his attack on Fort Saunders showed him that the venture had failed. On the ith of December six regiments of Union cavalry evaded the enemy and rode into Knox- ville, bringing news that the victors of Grant's army were on their way to the relief of the beleaguered city. Longstreet, too. heard the news, abandoned the hope- less task and retreated up the valley of the Tennessee toward Virginia. Deep was the joy and wild were the cheers when the defenders of Knoxville learned that the enemy had fled, and that they were once more free. The command was soon ordered to pursue the enemy, and did so, though in very wretched circum- stances as to clothes and rations. The men had been paid off, but supplies could not yet be furnished. Terrible indeed were the marches to and fro in the valley of the Tennessee, and the cold and rainy New Year's day of 1864 was' long remembered by the half- clad, half-fed, tentless soldiers as the very acme of wretchedness. At length, on the 17th of January, Longstreet started to retreat out of the State from Dandridge, and the Unionists, deceived by his ma- neuvers, also beat a hasty and most dismal retreat to Knoxville. Here they were furnished with ample supplies, for the first time in over six months, and were allowed a month to rest. During March and April there was more marching up and down the Tennessee valley, with few or no results, but in the latter part of the last named month the Twenty-third corps was concentrated at Charles- ton under General Schofield: the One Hundred and Third being in the second brigade of the third divis- ion of that corps. On the 3d of May the whole army set forth on Sherman's grand campaign against At- lanta. On the 13th of May, the Twenty-third corps came in front of Easaca, which Gen. Johnson had strongly fortified to resist the advance of Sherman. The next day, after various maneuvers, the Twenty-third corjis was brought, about noon, in front of the rebel works. An open field, nearly a mile across, lay spread before the ej'es of the L'nion soldiers, through which ran a small creek. On the high bank on the farther side of this stream lay the reliel infantry, ensconced behind three lines of formidable breastworks, while a large number of cannon were massed on a small elevation, well situated for giving full sweep to their grape and canister. Soon after taking their position the Second and Third divisions of the Twenty-thii'd corps (the One Hundred and Third being included in the latter) were ordered to charge the works. Away they went across the open field, the enemy's cannon and rifles tearing tlie ranks at every step and cutting down the men by the hundred. Still they pressed on until they reached tlie foot of the hill which was crowned by the rebel breastworks. Here the assailants were ordered to lie down, and for nearly half an hour remained in that position. They were somewhat covered from the enemy's fire, but were in the most trying position to the nerves which a soldier can well occupy, lying in- active on the ground, with a storm of rifle bullets and grape shot continually whistling over them, .solid shot plunging by with resistless fury, and vengeance-seek- ing shells bursting in every direction. At the end of the time mentioned, the order, "charge bayonet," rang from tlie lips of the com- mander, and was repeated by the line officers. The men sprang to their feet with a thundering cheer, and rushed up the hill. The hail of bullets, canister and grape was redoubled, the soldiers fell thicker and faster at every step, but the survivors swept on with increasing pace, captured the first line of works the moment they were reached, pursued the flying foe into the second line, and cleared that, too, at the point of the bayonet. But in the meantime the second Division had been stopped by an unexpected swamp, thrown into con- fusion, and compelled to retreat with hea?y loss. All the enemy's fire was then concentrated on the Third division, and it was found utterly impossible to ad- vance against the third line. But the men held the ground they had won: keeping a constant fire on the rebels until nearly night, when thev were relieved by other troops. In this, the second battle of the regi- ment, more than a third of the number engaged were killed or wounded: captains W. W. Hutchinson and J. T. Philpot being slain on the field. The next day the battle raged furiously at various points along the line, but the One Hundred and Third was not engaged. The enemy sufliered so severely that he retreated during the night, leaving his elab- orate fortifications to the triumphant Unionists. The latter pursued him through Cassville, Cartcrsville, etc., and drove him from his works on Pumpkin Vine creek, where the One Hundred and Third, thougli under heavy artillery and picket fire, was not serious- ly engaged until the 2d of June. On that day the regiment was ordered forward and came to an open field, guarded on the farther side by a heavy line of rebel pickets behind strong breast- works, " Forward'' was the instant order, and for- ward went the depleted regiment, under quite a heavy fire, which wounded nine or ten of the men, easily capturing the advanced w^orks, and driving their oc- cupants back to the main line. Though the One Hundred and Tliird was not required to attack this line, vet a tremendous rain storm made the succeed- ing night, spent so close to the enemy that no fires ONE HUNDRED AND TIIIKD INFANTRY, ETC. 131 tuukl be allowed, one of the most wretchedly menior- alile ill the history of the regiment. At daylight thev discovered that the foe had withdrawn under cover of the darkness, and the way was once more clear, at least for a short distance. On the loth uf .June the command again moved forward, and on the I'.ith the regiment was engaged in heavy skirmishing all day; having eight men killed or wounded and driving ihe enemy back to ilorse's Creek. The next day a small, select body of men, of which tlie One Hundred and Third furnished five, dashed across a bridge in face of the enemy, se- cured a foothold on the farther side and opened a path of which the brigade promptly availed itself. During the night the rebels again retreated. On the 8th of July the One Hundred and Third crossed the Chattahoochie river, the foremost troops of Sherman's army, and on the 20th of the same month, after innumerable marches and maneuvers among the mountains of Georgia, came into position before the celebrated city of Atlanta. On the 32nd the brigade made a desperate forced march to take part in the battle in which McPherson fell, but the Seventeenth corps had whipped the enemy before the reinforcements could arrive. On the 1st of August the brigade moved to the extreme right, and for sev- eral days was kept on the move for purposes unknown to anvbut the commander-in-chief. On the 28th of August the regiment, with other troops, abandoned its position north of Atlanta, moved clear around the city to the south, and began tearing up the railroad running in that direction. On tile 3rd of September these operations forced the evacuation of Atlanta by the enemy, and one of the greatest and most ditticult campaigns in the history of warfare was brought to a glorious and successful ter- mination. Immediately afterwards the One Hundred and Third marched to Decatur, where the men ob- tained a few weeks of much needed rest. Though it iiad not been in so many severe engagements as some regiments, yet the numerous marches and skirmishes and constant service under fire had terriljjy depleted the ranks; for, out of between four hundred and fifty and five hundred men with which the regiment started on the campaign, there were now but a hundred ami ninety-five for duty. At this time (September 10, 1864,) Lt. Col. Sterling resigned his position and Capt. Pliili]) C. Hayes was commissioned in his place. Shortly after its arrival at Decatur the gallant little regiment was detailed as General Schofield's headiiuarter guard, and after that, except on one oc- casion, did no more fighting. The Twenty-third corps went northward in pursuit of Hood, and, after Sherman returned to make his grand " march to the sea," went on in company with the Fourtlr corps to reinforce Gen. Thomas. At Spring Hill, Tennes- see, the enemy threatened tiie wagon train of the two corps just mentioned, when a division was interposed to check them. The One Hundred and Third, which was, of course, with the headquarter train, was or- dered to support a battery. As was expected, the rebels made a fierce attack, so fierce, in fact, that the division was driven back in considerable disorder. The battery and the One Hundred and Third, how- ever, held their ground, and by their deadly fire checked the advance of the foe until the division could rally, when the rebels were obliged to retire. The regiment was warmly complimented by both Gens. Schofield ami St;iuley for its brave and op- portune conduct. The regiment continued with the Twenty-third corps, but was prevented by its duty at headipiarters from taking part in the l)attles of Franklin and Nash- ville. After those great victories, the corps followed Hood for a time, but without important results. In January. 1805, at Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee, the One Hundred and Third was pi-esented by the ladies of Cleveland with a new flag, in place of the riddled and worn out banner, of which only a few tatters fluttered over the heads of the color-bearers. On the 1.5th of .January the Twenty-third corps started on one of those long expeditions which were so common during the war for the Union, but which, considering the ease and rapidity with which they were executed, had no example in the wars of the old world. After a trip by way of the Tennessee river, Cincinnati, Washington, etc., of nearly three thou- sand miles, the corps brought up at Fort Fisher, North Carolina. It then took part in the capture of Wil- mington, and the movements which led to the sur- render of Gen. Johnston and the final collapse of the rel)elliou, but the One Hundred and Third was not again brought under tire. On the 30th of April Col. Casement resigned, and Lt. Col. Hayes was commi-ssioned as colonel. On the 12th of June the regiment started for home. It met with a most unfortunate accident on the 1st of July the train; on which it was traveling being thrown off the track while crossing the mountains of Pennsylvania, and twenty-seven men being more or less injured — three or four of them fatally. The regiment reached Cleveland the same day, when it received an enthusiastic ovation and a generous ban- quet from the citizens. It mustered but about three hundred men all told, out of the gallant thousand who left the .same place, less than three years before. On the 22nd of July, 186.5. the last payments were made, and the One Hundred and Tliird Ohio Infantry was mustered out of tiie service of the United States. SIEMIiKRS FROM ilVAIKHiA lOl'N'TY. FIELD AND STAFF. Phlip C. Hayes, eur. as Capt. July 16, ISiiJ Promoted to Lieut. Col. Nov. 18, IWH; to Col. June li, ISiW. Mustered out with Reg. James F. Sterllug. eur. Capt. Co. B. Ttli Inf. Promoted Sept. 1. im2, to Laeut. Col 103d Inf Resigned Sept. 10, 1864. Henry S. Piokands, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug 14. 1S63. Promoted to Capt. Dec. 9. 1*;3. to .Major May 18. 18<)3. and to Lieut. Col. May 28, 18t5. Musteivd out with the Reg. John S. White, enr. as Adjt Aug. 18, 1883. Res. Oct. 1, 1864. George O Butler, enr as Asst. Sui-g. Aug. 19, 1S6-3. Res. May^J, 18i:3. Oeoi-ge A. Hubbard, enr. as Chaplain, Aug, 15, 186i. Res. Oct. 1, 1864. 133 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Barnabas Brown, enr. as Sergt. Co. D, Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Com. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1863. Edward J. Dewe.v, enl. Aug. 9, Co. B: app. Hosp. Steward at Camp Nelson, Ky. COMPANY A. Franklin A. Smith, enr. Co. D. as 1st Sergt. July 3T, 186-2. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. A. Aug. 15. 1863. and to Capt. Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. June 13. 1K65. Michael Duncan, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 15, 1.S63. Promoted to 1st Sergt. July 1. 1863, and to 1st Lieut. May 39. 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. June 13, 1865 James M. McWilliams, enr. as Sergt. July 36, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt . , and 3d Lieut . May 9. 1863. Resigned March 18, 1864 . DeWitt C. Hotchkiss, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 33, 1863. Promoted to 3d Lieut. Nov. 34, 1863. Transf. to Co. H. James D Markell. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 8, 1863. Elias L. Bradley, enr. as Corp. July 7, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1863. MusteredoutMay 3, 1865. Charles O. Rol.erts, enr. as Corp. Aug. S, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. July 1. 1863. Wilson H. Burrell, enl. Aug. 8. 1863. Disch. June 32, 1865. William Ross, enl . Aug. 16, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 1, 1863, Ira Henderson, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1863 William Stowell, enl. Aug. 39, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Joseph Perry, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Promoted to Corp. John McKeen, enl. .\ug. 13, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Michael Collins, enl. July 7, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Ezra Brewster, enl. Aug. 31. 1863. Promoted to Corp. Charles Cole, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Promoted to Corp. John B. Abraham, enl. Aug, 14. 1863. George .\sbelger. enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Alfred Adair, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Disch. March 3, 1863. David Boyd. enl. .Tuly 38, 1S63. John Brennan. enl. July 38, 1803. Francis Bromley, enl. .Aug. 18. 1863. William Bear. enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Taken prisoner at Mill Springs, Ky,, Oct. 5, 1863. Paroled Jan. 16, 1865. Disch. June 30, 1865. William C. Benedict, enl. Aug. 8, 1863. Died at Walton, Ky., Oct. 8, 1863. Joseph P, Card. enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Transf. to Co. C. James Canfleld, enl. July 28, 1863. Mustered out May 33. 1865. Robert Crawford, enl. Aug 12, 1863. Charles M. Caldwell, enl. July 38, 1863. Killed in action at Knoxville, Tenn,, Nov. 25. 1,863. Thomas M. Connell, enl. July 31, 1863. Mustered out May 30, 1865. Peter Conland, enl. Aug. 13, 1803, Mustered out May 19, 1865. John Crane, enl, Aug, 14, 1.S63. .Joseph Carson, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Robert Doyle, enl, Aug, 13. 1863. Taken prisoner, Henry Dycker, enl. .Aug. 5, 1863. John Derr. enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Albert Esty, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Disch. May 18, 1865. Otis Eddy, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. William Eldridge, enl. Aug. 14, 1868. Died from wounds Dec. 29, 1863. Adam Furnace, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. John Goudy. enl. Aug, 15, 1862. Hugh Goudy. enl. Aug. 15. 1862. Matthew Gooby, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Franklin Gould, enl. July 38. 1862 Martin C, Gee. enl. Aug. 7, 1863, Oliver Hartzell, enl. July 3'i, 1862. Mustered out Tune 20, 1865. John Hoffman, enl. .Aug. 22, 1863 Lucas Hannum. enl. Aug. 13. 1863. Edward Howard, enl. Aug, 22, 1?63. Charles Harrigan, enl Aug. 14, 1863. Charles S, Johnson, enl. July 34. 1863. Horace Jerome, enl. Aug. 4. 1862. William Kirschner. enl Aug. 14, 1862. Died from wounds at Knoxville, Tenn,, Dec. 3, 1863 Alexander Leese. enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Henry Lush, enl. Aug. 5, 1863 Harris P. Losey. enl .\ug, 8. 1863 Albert Lawrence, enl, Aug. 1. 1863. John D. McKenzie. enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Disch. Sept. 13, 1863. James Mote. enl. .Uig. 15, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Nov . as, 1863. Taken prisoner Dec. 1863. Paroled and disch. June 13, 1865. Daniel McCauIey, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Wilham McMannis, enl. Aug. 12. 1863. Disch. Jan. 8, 1863. Elisha Martin, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. William Muchler. enl, Aug. 15, 1863. Daniel O'Brien, enl, July 30, 1862. Disch. May 18, 1865. Sherwood Parks, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Jerry Reinhart, enl. Aug. 13. 1862. William Silver, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Daniel Seabourne, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. George W. Shepherd, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Joseph Snyder, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. John Stubbs, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Benj. F, Thompson, enl Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out July 15, 1865. Basil Tiers, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Dorsey Viers, enl, Aug. 11, 1863, Josiah Weigel. enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Hiram B. Ward. enl. Aug. », 1862. Taken prisoner. Caleb Weaver, enl, Aug 4, 1862. Disch. Jan. 8, 1863. Thomas Williams, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Jesse Walton, enl. Aug. 13 1863, Rudolph Werkmeister. enl. Aug, 21, 1662. James Watkins, enr, as Corp, Aug. 13, 1862. Asa B. Watkins, enl. .Aug. 13, 1.863. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 36,1863. Solomon S. Drake, enr, as Corp, Aug. 8, 1863, Disch, Jan. 8, 186:3. Wiilliam M. Hutchinson, enr. as Capt, Killed at Resaca, Ga,, May 14, 1864. Albert H Spencer, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to 3nd Lieut. Dec, 4, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Feb. 17, 1864, and to Capt. May 38, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. June 13, 1865. Hernus Burt, enr as 1st Lieut. July 10, 1863. Died Dec. 4, 1862, at Frankfort. Ky. CorwinJ. Holt, enr. as 2nd Lieut. July 10. 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865 Joseph C. Merritt, enr. a< Sergt Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Transf. to Co. F, 1st Tenn. Artilleiy and made 1st Lieut. Jan 1, 1864. EdgarW Piper, enr. as Sergt, Aug, 4, 1862. Detached as clerk at Com- missary Hd, Qrs. Nov, 35, 1862. Dennis Lynch, enr. as Sergt. July 17, 1863. Detached as clerk Hd. Qrs. 23d A. C Oct. 16,1863 H. F. Smead, enr. as Corp. July 26, 1882. John .Merua, enr. as Corp. Aug. 2, 18S2. Detached as R. R. Guard Jan. 11, 1864. James Scarr, enr. as Musician July 13, 1863. James Erwin, enr, as Musician Aug. 18, 1863. Dwight M. Cobb, enl. Aug. 32, 1863* Promoted to Sergt. William A. Goslin, enl. Aug, 8, 1863. Promoted to Sergt, and to Q. M, Sergt. July 31, 1863. Benton S. Hayes, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan. .8, 1863. Charles H . Jones, enl , Aug. 4, 1862. Albert Hill, enl. Aug. 11. 1863. Transf. to Invalid Coi-ps. Henry Kennard. enl. July 17, 1862. Sherwood H. Stilson, enl. .Aug 6, 1863. Detached as clerk at Hd. Qrs. Dep of the Ohio, Knoxville, Tenn . James W Stuart, enl. .\ug. 11, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. George W. Dyer, enl. July 33, 1862. Hiram R. Ferris, enl. July 15. 1863. Joseph L Heitz, enl. Aug. 9. 1862. Mustered out May 19, 1865. Matthew Hoetlinger, enl Aug. 11, 1863. Albert K. Quayle, enl. July 15, 1863. Charles Burt, enr. as Corp. Aug. 9, 1862. Edwin A Barnard, enl Aug. 9, 1862. Hiram Bradford, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Charles Brown, enl. Aug. 13. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Charles L. Bonney, enl Aug 16, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 22. 1864. Mustered out June 29, 1865. Andrew J. Cook, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 2, 1864. Mustered out June 39, 1865. Wilham B. Cook. enl. Aug, 16, 1862. Caleb H. Cook, enl. Aug. 16, 1863. Ozro Dwinnell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Charles H. Knapp, enl. Aug. 9. 1862. Disch. for disabiUty Jan. 8, 1863. Albert D Knapp, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Detailed as clerk Hd. Qrs. Dept. Ohio. Charles F. Miller, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Henry B Northrop, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. William E. Romp, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Theodore Ridaker, enl, Aug. 15, 1862. Theodore Schneider, enl , Aug. 4, 1862. Thomas Stokes, enl, Aug. 15, 1863. John Ridaker, enl. Aug. 33. 1863. George J. Sheldon, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt Reuben W. Stockwell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1863. Laites B, Page, enr. as Corp. Aug. 13, 1863. George Baker, enl. July 31, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Stephen Burton, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Died at Wartburg, Tenn., Sept. 4, 1863. Charles F. Chapman, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Edward J. Dewey . (See Non-commissioned Staff. ) James H. Edmonds, enl. .Aug. 14, 1863. James S, Hendrickson. enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Marshal F. Hulet, enl. Aug. 16, 1863, Heman F. Jones, enl, Julj 36, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. William Johnson, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. William Lussenden, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. William Locke, enl. July 18, 1862. ONE HUXllKED AND TIIIKM) IXFAXTKY. ETC. 133 Royal W. Lane, enl. Aug. 8. 1868. Diseh. for disability AprU 20, 1863. Warren Lane. enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Detached as nurse at Camp Cleveland Oct. 12. 1882. William J. Lawrence, enl. Aug. 11, 1S62. Mustered out May 11, 1R6.-| .\rtemus T. Mills, enl. Aug 22. 1863. Julius Nichols, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Diseh, for disability .Ian. s, 1861. Lewis Prindle, enl. Aug. II. 1862, Promoted to Sergt. Thomas J. Poole, enl. Inly 21. 1S62. David A. Pardee, enl. Aug. 15. If 62. Died at Danville. Ky., .July :3, 18C.3. .lolui Pieper. enl. Aug 13. 1H62. William D. Ray. enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Rodolphiis X. Sabin. enl, Aug. 9. 1862. Fredeiick .Scbroeder, enl. Aug. 5, 1S62- Jautes D Segur. enl. Aug 11, 1862. William K Sutton, enl, Aug. S. 1862. Cassius M. Warner, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Frederick Roniun. enl. .\ug. 9, 1862, Aldus Cody. enr. as Corp. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to ,Sergt. George W, Brightman. enl. ,\ug. 7, 1862. Lewis Brooker. enl Aug. 6, 1862. James B. Carpenter, enl Aug. 12. 1862. Promoted to Adjt. 1st. Tenn. Artillery Sept. IT, ]8«i. Nicholas Boyer, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, Died at Tazewell, Tenn., Jan. 4, 1864. Louis Bartlett. enl. Aug. 6. 1862. Benj. F. Brinkerhoff. enr. as Corp. .Aug. 7, 1862. Milo H Barnum, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 Alfred Beck, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Elisha A. Osborn, enl. Aug. 7. 1862. Priimoted to Corp. John L. Seniple, enr. as Capt. July IS. 1,862. Resigned Jan. «, 1863. Francis M. Thomas, enr. as 1st. Lieut. July 16. 1S62. Promoted to Capt. Jan. '.). 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865. Jiihn F, Kennedy, enr as 2d Lieut. July 16, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lievit. Jan. 9. 1863. Resigned July I, 1864. Joseph P. Card, enl Co. A .Aug. 15, 1862 Promoted to Sergt. Maj. ; to 2d Lieut. Co. C Jan. 9. 1K63. and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 17. 1864. Res. Dec. 23, 1864. Edward B. Reynolds, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Richard S. Blossom, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 31, 1862. Diseh. for disability Dec. 2. 1862. .lames Burt. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6. 1862. Transf. to lasd Reg. Co. H July 5. 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. .lohn Scoville. enr. as Sergt. .\ug 6. 1862. William Haskins, enr. as Corp. Aug. 16, 1862 Diseh. for disability Jan. H. 186.3. Thomas J. Cottrell. enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. .Ian. 13. 1863. Charle» Smiih. enr. as Cor]). July 30. 1862. Diseh. for disability Jan. 8, 1.863. Henry B. Lockwood. enr. as Corp. July 31. 1862. Promoted to Ser^t. July 1. 1863. William C. Nagle. enr. as Coip. Aug. 1. 1862. Diseh. for disability Aug 17, 186:j. Isaac S. Moore, enr. us Corp. July 28. 1662. Charles R. Beckwith. enr as Corp. Aug. 'II, 1862. Orlando W. Wilson enr. as Corp. July 30, 1862. Diseh. for disability Oct. 27 1862. John >\ illiams, enr. as Drummer Aug. 1. 1862, Diseh, for disability .Ian. 27. 1863. Jesse Thayer, enr. as Fifer Aug. 18. 1862. Sylvester Allen, enl Aug. 15, 1862, Charles Bullock, enl. Aug 7, I8ti2. Diseh. for disability March 11, 1863. Knoch Braiaard, enl. .Aug. 8. 1862. Diseh. for disability Jan. 8. 1863. Robert Bates, enl. August 14. 1862. Charles Beynor. enl. Aug. 19. 1862. James Bennett enl. July 31. 1862. Richard Cattell. enl. Aug 7. 1862. Promoted to Corp Felix Click, enl Aug. 14. 1862. Thomas Cassidy, enl. Aug. 18, 1862, Promoted toCorji, James Cunningham, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Transf. to 183rd Reg., Co. H July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Edmond F. Denison, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Mustered out May 24, 1865. Silas Dean, enl .Aug. 14. 1862. Promoted to Corp Richard Doran, enl, Aug. 22, 1862. Benj. S. Franklin, enl. July 21, 1862. Thomas Fell. enl. July 31. 1862. Promoted to Corp Henry Fretter. enl Aug 9 1862 Died at Frankfort. Ky., April 8, mvi. John P. Fitzpatrick, enl .Aug. 11. 1862. John Oswald, enl. Jan. 4. 1865. Transf. to 183rd Reg.. Co. H.July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17. 186.5. John Gordon, enl. Aug II. 1862 ThomasGribben, enl Aug, 22, 1862. Mustered out June 5, 1865. Joseph A. Homing, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Charles Hammon.enl. Aug. 9, 1862. 17 i John Hodson, enl Aug. 13, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky.. Dec 24, 1862. James B. Hart, enl. Aug. 13. 1863. David Hughes, enl Aug. 18, 18<>3. Famcis M. Hazen. enl. Aug. 14. 1862. Diseh. for disability Jan. 8. 1863. Thomas Irvine, enl. Aug. 11,1862. Died at Knoxville. Tenn.. Nov. 26, 186.3. from wounds rec'd in action the day before. Henry Knowles enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Henry Logan, enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Charles A. Morrison, enl. July 29, 1862. Transf. to 183d Reg. July 5. 1865 Promoted to Corp. Mustered out July 12, 1865. Timothy Metzger, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Joseph Majo. enl. Aug. 4. 1862. John Mor.tanye, enl. Aug. 14. 11-62. Died at Le.xington, Ky., April 5, 1863. Jacob Nodine. enl. July 23. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Kayden N'e^gli. enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Diseh. for disability Jan. 8, 1861. James Peasnell, enl. Aug. 12. 1802. Louis Rolling, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Diseh. for disability Nov. 22, 1862. John Sullivan, enl. July 29. 1862. William P. Southern, enl. July 31, 1862. Thomas J. Scoville. enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 13. 1863. Charles Schultz, enl. Aug. II, 1862. Edward Strong, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Killed at seige of Knoxville, Nov. 25, 1863. Frederick Smith, enl. .Aug. 13, 1862. Transf to l.S.3rd Reg. Co H. July 8, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Benjamin Sweet, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Diseh. for disability Jan. 10. 1863. Jacob Vomoss, enl, July 29, 1862. Mustered out May 18, 1865. Andrew Wager, enl July SO, 1862. Promoted to Corp. James Welch, enl. .Aug. 1. 1862. John Welch, enl. Aug. 19. 1862. Arthur Ward, enl Aug. 22, 1862. Died at Knoxville. Tenn.. Dec. 4. 186.3, from wounds received in action Nov. 25. Davis Webster, eid. Aug. 23, 1862. Diseh. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Archibald M Young, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Coi-p. Duncan McNeil, enl. .Aug. 1, 1862. Stephen Whitney, enl July 30, 1862. Alexander Wright, enl . Aug. 4, 1862. Joseph Lovely, enr. as JIusioian March 6. 1864. Transf. to 183rd Reg. Co. C. July .5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Patrick Kelley, enl. March 17, 1864. Transf. to 183rd Reg. JulyCo. H, 5. 1865. .Mustered out July 17, 1865. John T. Philpot. enr. as Capt, July 15. IHiU, Killed at Resaca, Oa., May 14, 18(i4. L J. Neville, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. J, lfc62. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 2, 1862. Res. Feb. 9. 186:). Alanson R. Dixon, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6 1862. Clustered out May 25, 1865. Hilon R. Horton, enr. as Corp. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 28, 1865. John C. Anthony, enl. Aug. 5. 1862. Diseh. Oct. 8. 1862 John Hunt. enl. July 22, 1862. William Rothen, enl. July 22. 1862. James Richmond, enl Aug. 9, 1862. Thomas Fell, enl. Aug. 8. 1863. John Conway, enl. .luly :iO. 1862. Wesley Trowbridge, eul. .Aug. 13. 1862. Mustered out May. 30, 1865, Morreil E. Seeley. enl. .Aug. 5, 1862. Franklin A. Smith, enr. as 1st Sergt. July28. 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. A, Aug. 15, 1,863. Wilbur M. Sturtevant. enr. as Sergt, .Aug, 4. 1863. Promoted to;ist Sergt. ; and to 2d Lieut. Ang. 25. 1863. Resigned Aug. 14, 1861. Barnabas Brown. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) Samuel M. Armour, enr. as Corp. Aug. 4. 1862. Transferred to A'et. Res' Corps April 1, 1865. Mustered out July 10. 1865. George D. Upham. enr. as Corp. Aug. 4, 1862. Charles B. Niece, enr. as Musician Aug. 4, 1802. Died at Blue Springs Tenn., Oct. 7, 1863, from wounds rec"d Oct. 5. Seth A. WiUey, enr. as Musician Ang. 4, 1862. Mustered out June 10. 1865. Josiah Averell, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. William M. Bosworth. enl. .Aug. 6, 1862. Charles H Bancroft, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. William H. C'aley. enl Aug. 4. 1862. David Cooper, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Martin Frisby. enl. -Aug. II, 1862 Arthur O. Ford, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. George B. Ford, enl. Aug. 4. 1862. O. A. Gleason. enl. Aug. 6, 1863. R. C. Glea on, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. D. R. Gleason. enl. -Aug. 6. 1863. Almon H. Griswold. enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. George B. Goodsell. enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. LuciUsO Harris, enl. Aug. II, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Charles 1 1 . Hubbell, enl. Aug. 6, 1802. Mustered out .May 30, 1865. Jason Kilby. enl. Aug. 6. IS<12. Abner C. King. enl. .Aug. 6. 1862 Promoted to Serg. 134 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COrNTY. Franklin Lampson, enl. Aug. 4. 18^2. Pisch. Jan. 30. 1863. Harvey B. Nash. enl. Aug. 6, 1362. Dmriel L. Ozmun, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. Jan. 6. 1863. Augustus H. Rogers, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out May 24. 1865. Robert Schuyler, enl. Aug 13. 1862 Henry Schuyler, enl. \ug. 6. 1862. George W. Sheffield, enl. Aug. 20. 1862. Edwin Valkenburgh. enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Daniel W. Baker, enl. Aug. 21. 1862. Alvin Barker, enl. Aug. 21. 1862. Cornelius Courter. enl. Aug. 13. 1862. Henry S. Devoe. enl. Aug. 11. -862. Transt. to 2nd Battalion Tet. Res. Corps. Mustered out at end of term. Sept. 8. 1865, Henry M. Frizzell. enl. Aug 11, 1862. Mustered out May 35. 1865. Frederick Home. enl. Aug. 11, 1862 Mustered out June 13, 1S65. Ira Lowdon. Jr.. enl Aug. 11, I8«;2. Promoted to Corp. Died at Som. erset, Ky.. June 15, 186:1 Franklin Lewis enl. Aug. 8. 1862. Ferdinand G. Parr, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Constantine Eddy, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Co. 1 Not. 16, 1863. Henry Russell, enl. Aug. 15. 1862. Mustered out May 24, 1865. Earl Fisher, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Died at Frankfort. Ky.. Feb. 28, 186:5. Thomas Martin, enl. Aug. 6. 1862, Hamil'.on D. Dickey, em-, as 1st Lieut. Aug. 9. 1862. Resigned Dec. 3. 1862. Edn-in M. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 6. 1862. Miles M. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Died at Frankfort. Ky.. April 20, 186:S. Hiram M. Glasier. enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Augustus Kellogg, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Elijah G. Matthews, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Porter Wells, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Thomas Budd. enr. as Corp. July 28, 1862. John Barber, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. William Budd. enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Julius Burton, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. 1 isch. March 30, 1863. John Cotaper, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Andrew DiUou. enl. Aug. 11, 1862. George Giftord. enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Perry Mapes, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. James Sickles, enl. Aug. 11, 18 i2. Moses C. Cate. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4. 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. William F. Hannaford, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 7, i862. Mustered out May 11, 1865. Fenner Bosworth. enr. as Corp. Aug. 7, 1862. Promoted to Segt. Mus- tered May a.i. 1865. WiUiam R. Higby. enr. as Corp Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. Jan, 8, 1863, Melville Bull. enl. Aug. 7. 1863. C>tis Button, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Clustered out June 19, 1865. Worthy F. Bull, enl. Aug. 6. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out May 15. 1865. Wallace Baldwin, enl. .Vug. 6. 1862. Moses Barker, enl. July 22, 1862. Martin V. Deady, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Almon Dewey, enl. Aug. 7. 1862. Page M, Gore. enl. Aug. 6. 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., March 7, 1863. Lyman B. Hannaford, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. James M. Harvey, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Earl Kennedy, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. George H. Lowry, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Patrick McGuire. enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Rufus Sibley, enl. July 24. 1862. Henry Shepherd, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Henry Trowbridge, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Burk E. Ward. enl. Aug. 9. 1862. C01IPA>T K. George W. Tibbetts, enr. as Capt. July 16, 1862. Resigned Feb. 9, 1863. Charles E. Sargeant. enr. as 1st Lieut. July 16. 1862. Promoted to Capt. Feb. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. June 12. 1865. Levi T. Scofleld. enr. as 2d Lieut. July 16. 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. 9. 186:3, and to Capt. Nov. :», 1864, Mustered out with the Reg. Lewis S. DiUe, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 22. 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb. 9, 1863. Detached as Brig. Commissary Aug. 3, 186 i. Promoted to 1st Lieut- March 21, 1864, and to Capt. May 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. John E, Vought, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 21, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Feb. 9, 1863. and to 1st Lieut. May 29, I860. Mustered out with the Reg. Orrin M. Gates, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Chauncey W. Meade, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4. 1862. George F. Ransom, enr as Sergt. July 18. 1862. Transf. to Tet. Res. Corps April 1. 1365. Mustered out July 7. 1865. John B. Fergus-^n. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. for disability Sept. 14. 1863 Lucien D. Whaley, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for disabihty Jan, 5. 1863. Oscar D. Holloway, enr. as Corp. July 18, 1862. Jay F. Galentine. enr. as Corp. Aug. 5, 1862. Martin Streibler. enr. as Corp. Aug. 11. 1862. William C. Perkins, enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Promoted to Corp. and to Sergt. James Whalen, enr. as Corp. Aug. 5, 1863. Sent to Hosp. at Islington. Ky.. Oct. 24. 1862. Charles E. Wallace, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1863. Transf to Inv. Corps Nov. 1. I86.3. Lucius B Laney, enr. as Musician Aug. 13, 1863. Ansel Perkins, enr. as Musician July 23. 1862. Abel M. Wilder, eul. Aug. 22. 1863. Detached for special duty Feb. 2, 1864. John Andrews, enl. Aug. 14. 1862. Died at Lexington, Ky.. Nov. 7, 1863. -Alexander B. Allen, enl. Aug. 6. 1863. Detached for duty at Dept. Hd- Qrs. Nov. 34. 1863. James M. Abbott, enl, Aug. 22, 1863. Died at Stanford, Ky.. April 25. 186:1 .\ndrew Bauder. enl. Aug. 13. 1863. Thomas H. Barrett, enl. July 19, 1862. Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn.. Jan. 18. 1864. Frederick Bigler. enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. for disabiUty Jan, 8. 186:3. David Builer. enl, A^g, 30. 1863, Disch. for disability Jan. 5. 186:3. Thomas Breiman. enl. Aug. 5, 1863. Jacob B)wer, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf to 19th Ohio Battery Aug. 15, 136:3. WUliam S. Brown, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Patrick Campbell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Argalous T. Cooper, enl. Aug. 14, 1362. Detached with Eng. BattaUon July -33, 1863. Mustered out June 20, 1865. Charles M. Cobb. enl. Aug. 13. 1862. Died at Frankfort. Ky .. Dec 13. 1863. Andrew J. Cobb, enl. Aug. 13. 1863. James Cobb. enl. Aug. 3, 1862. Andrew R. Klingman. enl, Aug, 8. 1363. Isaac Carpenter, enl .\ug. 4 1862. James Camp. enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Joseph Colber:. enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Died at Frankfort. Ky., Feb. 27. 1863. Addison B. Cotterell. enl. Atig. 9, 1862. Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn.. Jan. 18, 1864. James DeL.^ng. enl. Aug. 8. 1862. Transf to Q. M. Dept. Nov 7. 1863. Peter Dismond. enl. -\ug. 9, 1863. John P. Dawson, enl, July 17. 1863, Stebbins B. Ely. enl. Aug. 15, 1863. James Freer, enl. .Vng. 8. 1862, John A. Freer, enl. Aug. 4, 1862, Edward L, Farr. enl. July 31, 1862, Frederick Hinckley, enl. Aug. 22. 1863. Don. D. Hendershott, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Transf. to Inv. Corps Nov. 1, I8«:J. William C. Johnston, enl. July 30. 1862, Disch, for disabiUty Jan. 8, 1863. Allen T. Jordan, enl, Aug, 14. 1863, James Kiely, enl, July 32. 1862. Edward C. Kelley. enl, Aug, 16, 1863, Hosea J. Lewis, enl. Aug. 15. 1862. Mustered out May 18. 1865. Nicholas G. Lundeberry. enL Aug. 11. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to the Com, Dept, Nov, 7, 1S63, Darius Manchester, enl. Xug. 21, 1862. Seth 5Iapes. enl. Aug. 11, 1863, Jame- M. Maple, enl. July 38. 1862. Henry Mott, enl. .\ug, 15, 1362. Walter T, Meeker, enl. Aug. 33. 1863. Disch. for disability Dec. », 186-3. Albert McDrath. enl. Aug. 6. 1663. Robert Neville, enl, Aug, 13, 1362, Thomas O'Connor, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn.. Jan. 13. 1364. Jer-sme Percival. enL Aug. 15. 1362. Disch. tor disability Jan. 2:3. 186:3. Jabez G. Puffer. enL July 28. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Henry Puffer, enl. .\ug. 13, 1863. John Quayle. enl. Aug. 4. 1363. Left sick at Somerset July 5. 1863. Harmon Reed, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn., Jan. IS. 1364. Died at -Vndersonville. Ga.. May 25, 1364. Augustus Ruby, enl. Aug. 3, 1363. Bingley Russell, enl. July 28. 1362 Delos Shaw. enl. July 22. 1862, Taken prisoner at Dandridge. Tenn.. Jan. 13. 1364. William Smith, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Taken pri&;»ner at Dandridge. Tenn., Jan 18. 1864. Henry Slater, enl. .Vug, 23, 1863. John SUbum, enl. .Vug. 11. 1863. Promoted to Corp. Daniel Smith, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Died at Frankfort. Ky., .Vpril 31, 1863. Abram H. Stafford, enl. Aug. 9. 1862, Promoted to Corp Augustus Thiemer. enL July 29, 1863, Iiied at Danville. Ky., -Vug. 17. 1363. William Thomas, enl, Aug, 13, 1863, Frederick Towsey, enl, Aug, 1:3, 1362, Disch. for disabiUty Jan. 8, 1363. Joseph P. tucker, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Eli T. Wells, enl. Aug. 14. 1362. James G. Watson. enL Aug. 4, 1362. Promoted to Corp. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC. 135 Albert J. Wetberbee, enl. Aug. 15, 1802. Freeman W. Western, enl. Aug. 15. 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky.. Feb. Vi. ISS-S. Thomas Worthy, enl. Aug. 1.5, 18«2. G.orge Weidman, enl. Aug. 21, 18ii2. George W. Simmons, enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Peter Wallace, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out July II, 1865. George H Weeks, eul. Aug. 11. 1862. COMPANY F. Con.stantine Eddy, enr. as Corp. Co. D, Aug, 8, 1802. Prom to 2nd Lieut Co. F, Nov. 16, 1863. and to 1st Lieut. Sept. 1. 1SH4. Mustered out with the Regt. June 12. 1865. COMPANY o Moses L. M. Pei.votto. enr. as Capt. July la, 1862. Resigned Dec. a, 1862. Henry s. PickanJ. (See Field and Staff.) Charles D Rhodes, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug 4, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Dec. 9, 1802. and to Capt. .May 25, 1804. Resigned April. 30, 1865. William Hall. enr. as Ist Sergt. Aug. 15. 1>62. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 24, 18&J, and to 1st, Lieut. Sept. 8, IHW, Mustered out with the Reg Henry C. Seymour, ear. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 18t!2 Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 9. 1862. Resigned July 29. 1863. Shennan B. Taft. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. .Tan. I, 1804. William H. Wheelock, enr. 4s Sergt. Aug. 14. 1862. Adonijah Elliott enr. as Sergt. Aug 18, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in 1st U. S. Col. Heavy Art. Feb. 29, 1864. Frank Busbmau. enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1802. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 9. 1862. Robert L. Heury. enr. as Corp. .\ug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864. Theodore Kemer, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Sergt, March 1, 1864. Lemuel T. Denuison, enr. as Corp. Aug. 10, 1862. JIustered out Jlay 11, 1805, William D, Field, enr. as Corp. .\ug. 0, 1862. Disch. for disability Jlay 0, 1NI3, Thomas R, Babb. enr. as Corp. July 26, 1862. William H. Leggett. eul. Aug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, April 1, 1865. Mustered out Atig. 19. 1865. Nathan W. Hawkins, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Taken pris- oner Jan, 18. 1.S64. Thomas Farmer, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Delos W. Turner, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Robert Woo*ti3. from wounds rec'd Nov. 25. Peter Leoschot, enl. Aug. 16. 1862. Robert Logan, enl. Aug. 21, 1862 Disch. Sept. 29. 186.3. Adam Miller, enl. .Vug. 13. 1862. Taken prisoner Jan. 18, 1804. John H. McCormick, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Charles McOuire, enl. Aug. 18. 1862. Mustered out May 12, 184. Mustered out Oct. 17, 1864. ONE HINDRED AXD FOIRTH IXFAXTRY. Daniel M. Stearns, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 27, 1803: to 1st Lieut. )Iay 9. .864. and to Capt. Co. F Feb. 28, 1805. Miller Fording, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Transf. to Co. I, 183d Reg., June 23, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1805. John Henry, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Transf. to Co. I, 183d Reg.. June 22, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. COMPANY F, Daniel M. Stearns, promoted from Co. A to Capl. Co. F Feb. 28, 11-05. Mustered out with the Reg. COMPANY B. Daniel Boyer. enl . Feb 5. 18iM. Transf. to 183d Reg , Co. O, Jtme 15, 1^65. Mustered out July 17, 186.5. James Howard, enl. Feb 27, 1864. Transf. to 183d Reg., Co. G.. June 10, 1865, Mustered out July IT. 1865. Adam Rhinehart, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Transt. to 183d Reg , Co. O, June 15, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. 136 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER X X \' 1 1 . ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH INFANTEY, ETC. When raised — Companies B and E from Cuyahoga — In Kentucky — For- tifying Washington— Chancellorsville— Crushing Disaster— Heavy Loss — Surgeon killed— Gettysburg— The First and Eleventh Corps driven back— Loss of the One Hundred and Seventh— Early's Attack, onthe Second of July— His repulse— Ftirther Loss— Capture of the Flag of the Louisiana "'Tigers" — Wounded Officers — A Hundred and Eleven Muskets left— C>1T to South Carolina— Thence to Florida— Back to South Carolina — Skirmishes at Devaux Neck— Capturing Artillery- On Pro- vost Duty— Mustered out and sent Home. The One Hundred and Seventh was a German regi- ment, raised in July and August, 18tD".i. and mustered in at Camp Taylor, (Cleveland,) on the 25th of the latter month. Company B was entirely from Cuya- hoga county; having a hundred and eight names on its roll during the war. Company E was principally from the same county: having sixty-sis Cuyahoga men in its ranks. These, with a few each in Compa- nies A, D, F, G, H and 1, made a total of two hun- dred and fifteen members of the One Hundred and Seventh from this county. The regiment moved to Coviugton, Kentucky, op- posite Cincinnati, in the latter part of September, but remained there only a short time. It was soon taken to Washington. D. C, and set to building for- tifications. Early in November it moved into Vir- ginia, and was soon made part of the Eleventh corps, commanded by Gen. Sigel. After several unimpor- tant marches in Northern Virginia, and after being- encamped at Brooks' Station during the winter, the Eleventh corps, then under Gen. Howard, marched with Hooker to the disastrous field of Chancellorsville. On that field the corps was assailed by the fiery legions of Stonewall .Jackson, its line broken and all its regi- ments hurled back in swift retreat. The One Hun- dred and Seventh had about a hundred and fifty men taken prisoners, besides about seventy-five killed and wounded. One of the few cases of a surgeon's being killed in action occurred at this time; Dr. C. A. Hartman, of Cleveland, the surgeon of the One Hun- dred and Seventh, being the victim. After a short rest the remainder of the regiment marched rapidly northward to aid in driving Lee from Pennsylvania; reaching Gettysburg on the morn- ing of the first of July. It was stationed on the right of the advanced lines of the LTuion army, and was speedily attacked by the enemy. As is well known, the two advanced corps, (the First and Eleventh, ) notwithstanding some successes in the beginning, were driven back after the death of Gen. Reynolds through the village of Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill; taking up a position there, in the afternoon, in which they eventually won the victory. While thus falling back before the enemy, about two hundred and fifty out of the^five hundred and fifty men of the One Hundred and Seventh were killed, wounded or taken prisoners. When the army turned to bay on Cemetery Hill, under the leadership of Hancock and Howard, the shattered regiment steadily maintained its position, and lay on its arms during the night. On the '2d of July this regiment, with its corps and the whole Union army, firmly held the position as- signed to it. Just before sunset Early's command made a desperate assault upon the Eleventh corps, but was driven back after a furious hand-to-hand con- flict with very heavy loss. In this charge the One Hun- dred and Seventh had about a hundred and fifty more men killed and wounded. The celebrated Eighth Louisian "Tigers"' assailed the position held by this regiment, but found their masters in the sturdy Ger- mans of northern Ohio. In the melee Adjutant Peter F. Young, (now police judge of Cleveland) captured the battle-flagof the "Tigers, "'but was himself severely wounded. In the course of the battle Lieut. Col. Mueller was severely wounded, as were also Captain Steiner, (mortally) Captain Speyer, Captain Fisher, and several other officers. On the third day of the battle the One Hundred and Seventh was not seriously engaged. When the regiment joined iu the pursuit of the rebel army, it carried but a hundred and eleven mus- kets. With these it accompanied the forces of Gen. Meade into Virginia, but, as is well knov.-u. nothing was done to prevent the escape of Lee. About the 1st of August the One Hundred and Seventh, now somewhat stronger but still very feeble, sailed to South Carolina. It was stationed on Folly Island until Febniary, 1804, though making two brief excursions on to other islands in the vicinity. In the latter part of February it moved to Jackson- ville, Florida, where it remained most of the time until December; the monotony of camp life being un- broken save by a few skirmishes, and by a mid-sum- mer expedition of a month to Fernandina, iu tlie same State. The latter part of December the regiment was taken back by sea to Devaux Neck, in South Carolina. It remained only a few weeks, but during that time had several skirmishes with the enemy, in which five men were killed and fifteen wounded. After brief service at Pocataligo Station and other points in the vicinity, it marched to Charleston, and thence went by boat to Georgetown. On the 23d of March the regiment defeated a rebel force at Sumterville, capturing three pieces of artill- ery. Its last exploit was to capture and destroy a train of cars near Singleton's Plantation, with thirteen locomotives and a large ijuantity of ammunition, etc. Soon after the surrender of Lee's army the regiment returned to Charleston, where it acted as provost guard until the 10th of July. It was then mustered out, sent back to Cleveland and discharged. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COVSTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Seraphim Meyer, enr. as Col. Sept. 16, 186-3. Resigned because of physL cal disability Feb. 8, 1864. Charles Mueller, enr. as Lieut. Col. Aug. S2, 1868. Wounded at Gettys- burg. Resigned on account of disability. Oct, 32. 1863. George Arnold, enr. as Capt. Co. H, 34th Inf. April U. 1861. Promoted to Maj. lorth Inf. Aug. 86. 1868, Resigned .\ug. 81, 1863. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH IM-'AXTRY. ETC. 137 August Vignos. enr. as Capt. Co. H, Sept. 6, 1862. Lost right arm at Gettysburg. Promoted to Maj. Aug. 21, 1863. Res. because of disa- bilit.v Sept. »\ 1864. Charles A. Hartman, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 20, lSfi2. Killed on duty at Chancellorsville, Va., Ala.v 2, 1.S63. Franz Schill, enr. as .\sst. Surg. May 13, 1864. Mustered nut with the Reg. July 10. ists. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Jacob W. ^langold, enl. Sept. 25, IKtVJ. Promoted to Hosp. Steward Dec. 2ii, iwl Mustered out with the Reg. Augustus Sch.vlander. enl. Sept. ft. 1862. Promoted to Hosp. Steward Sept. in. 1862 Disch. h>-eause of disability June 1, 1864. William C. Huy, enl. Sept. 30, 1.H6J. Promoted to Chief Musician Nov. i, 18ta, Mustered out with the Reg. Henry N'eytheus, enr. as .Musician Aug. H, 1862. Promoted to Chief Musician Xov. 1, 186;?. Mustered out July 10. INti.'i. Joseph Muller, enl. Sept. 2:1. 18ia. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 1.3, WS. Mustered out April 30. 1866. John G. McCauley, enl. Sept. 25. 1863. Transf. to 2Sth Inf. July 13, 1865. Mustered out April 30, 1866. Jacob Ernst enl. Oct. 5, 1863. Disch. on account of disability at .Jack- sonville. Fla . June 11. 18tH. Jacob W. Mangold. (See Non-commissi<'»ned Staff.) COMPANV 11 August J. I)ewaldt. enr. as Capt. July 28, 1862. Wounded at Chancel- lorsville. Res. on account of disability March 28. 1864. Peter F. Young, enl. as 1st Sergt. .\ug. 15, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 15, 1862 to 1st Lieut. March 6, 1863, and to Capt. Dec. 1, 1863. Hon. disch. Dec. 11, 1864. .\nton Millert. enl. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Jan. 12. 1S63. to 1st Lieut. Aug. 11, 18M, to Capt. March 18, 1865. Mustered out July 10. 1865. John H. Brinker, enl. as Corp. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1. 1863, to 2nd Lieut. Oct. 16. 1863, to 1st Lieut. Jan. 15. 1864, to Capt. Nov. 3. 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865. J. Julius Sebastian, enl. as 1st Lieut. July 30, 1862. Resigned on account of disability March 8, 186.3. Gerhard H, .\lbers, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 12, 1863, to Sergt. Jan 1. 186 1. to 1st. Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864, to Ist Lieut. Nov. .3, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1S65. Conrad I>eubel. enl. .Vug. 14. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 26, 1862, to 1st Sergt. Sept. 1. 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Nov. 3, 1854. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Christian Schreiner. enj. Aug. 20, 1862. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. Sept. 9. 1862, to 2nd Lieut? Nov. 14, 1862, to 1st Lieut. Feb. 22, 1863. Res. Dec. 10, 1863. John Mohr, enr. as 2n(l Lieut. July 25, 1862. Res. Nov. 16, 1662. Jacob Windelspecht, enr. as Corp. Aug. 14. 1862. Prom, to Sergt. Jan. 1 18IV4. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Thomas A. Griffln. enr. as Corp. .\ug. 11, 1862. Prom, to 1st Sergt. Nov. 21, 1864. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1. 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Peter Kramer, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. I'rom. to Sergt. July 1, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Fridolin Hirz, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Prom, to Corp. June 1, 1863, and Sergt. Nov. 21, 1864. Mustered out July 10, iw.5. William F. Fathaner, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Nov. 1, 1863, and Serge. .Sept. 3, 18i>4. Wounded at Devaux Neck Dec. 29, 1864. Mus- tered oui July 10, 1865. Charles F. Bruggemeier. enl. Aug. 22. 1862. Prom, to Cori>. Nov. 12. 186:). Mustered out July 10, 1865. Augustin Penser, enl. .\ug. 19. 1862 Prom, to Corp Jan. 1, 1.864. Mus- tered out July 10, 1865. John Rothermel. enl. .Aug. 18. 1862. Prom, to Corp. May 1, 18«. Mus- tereil out July 10. 1865. Daniel Seachrist. enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Prom to Corp .May 1, 1864. Mus- tered ont July 10, 1865. Andrew Lieber. enl. .\ug. 18, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Sept. 3, 18f4. .tlus- tered out July 10, 1865. Emil Zeidler, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Nov. 1, 18tM. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Edward Weiss, enl. Aug. ", 1862. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 15, 1865. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Conrad F. Hornung. enr. as Musician Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. .lohn .\lhert, enl. .\ug. 19, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1, 186:i. Rejoined the Co. Oct. 20. 1863. Mustered out July 13, 18«5. -Melcheor Amsler, enl. Aug. lit, 1862. Wounded at Chancellorsville 5Iay 2, 1863. Henry Althoff, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Gottlieb Brown, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out July 13, 1866. Jacob Bless, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. 18 Charles Bohn, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Martin Diehlman, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 186.5. Henry Eichler, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Wounded at Devaux Neck Dee. 29, 1864. Mustered out July 10. 1865. .Jacob Furst, enl Aug. 12. 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Andre Hug, enl. .\ug 9. 1H02. Mustered out July 10, 1865, Converse J. Hill, enl. Aug. 17, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865, .Mathias Hildebrand, enl. Aug 13, 1862 Mustered out July 10, 1865. John H. Hill, enl Mig. 22, 1862. Mustered out July, 18T5. Jean Hodel, enl Sept. 9. l'?62. Mustered out July 10, 1865. John Hemmei ling, enr. as Sergt. Xug. 18,1862. Mustered out July 10- 1865. Henry Henshen, Aug. enl. 23, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1,1863 Rejoined the Co. Oct. 20, 1863. Mustered out .July 10,1865. Valentine Ki sel, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 Mustered out ,fuly 10, 1865. Peter Koch. enl. .\ug 8, 1862. Mustered out July 10. 1 63. Michael Kirchner, enl Aug 18. 1.862 Mustered out July 10, 1863. William F. Krug, enl. Aug. 16. 1862. Missing since battle of Chancellors- ville. May 2, 186;. Lewis Watson, enl. .\ug. 20, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Jobst H. Mueller, enl. .\ug. 22, 1862. Missing since Gettysburg Henry Splate. enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. .\ugust H. Stohlman. enl. Aug. 22. 1862. Mustered out June 13. 1865. John H. 8tiegelweier, enl. Aug. 22. 1862. Mustered out July 10. \»a. John Stahl. enl. .\ug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Augustin Selig, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out July 10. 1865. Henry Stehr. enl. .\ug. 18. 1862. Mustered out .July 10, 1863. .John Schneider, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Mustered ou» .July 10, 1S63. Frederick Fitzemeier, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Mustered out July 10. 1.S63. Philip G. Vosselmann, enl. Aug. 21. 1862. Mu^^tered out July 10. 1865. Lewis H. Weisenborn, enl. .\ug. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Peter Weber, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out Jidy 10. 18(i5. Henrj- Wacker, enl. Aug. 20. 1862. Mustered out July 10. 1865. Conrad Weiss, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Mustered out June 30. 1865. Lewis Able. enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. on account of disability March 11. 1803. Peter Hoffman, enl. .4ug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp, .4pril 1, 1862. Dis- charged because of wounds received at Gettysburg. July 2, 1863. Adam Biadenstein. enl. Aug. IS, 1862. Disch. for disability May 15. 18:!6. Saul Demoline. enl. Aug. 2 , 1863. Disch. for disability Dec. 4, 1862. Christopher Goetz, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. fordisability July -23. 186:5, Martin Holzbauer. enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1863. Joseph Kol. enl. .\ug. 1.3. 1862. Disch. for disability March 18, 1863. Frank Lang. enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 5, 1864. John Law, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. for disability April 2;-, 1863. Gustav Priefer, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability June 10. 1864. Wounded at (iettysburg.'July 1, 186-3. Frederick Rok, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Disch. for disability July 24, 1863. Leonhart Reinhart, enl. Aug. 19,1862. Disch. for disability March 18, 1803. Gerhart H. Schreiber, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Disch. for disability June 15, 1865. Frederick H. Toensing. enl. Aug 22, 1862. Lost a leg at Gettysburg, July 1st, and ivas disch. in consequence July 15, 1863. Abraham C. Langacre, enl. Aug. 16. 1862. Disch. for disability June 25, 1865. Joseph Livingston, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out July 13, Ihib. Henry Young, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 16, lf62. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Was transf. March 7, 18f4 to the Invalid Corps. John W. Joven. enr. as Musician JIarch 17, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered out 30th .\pril. 1866. Stephen Alge, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 186.3. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2. 18t!5. Disch. at expiration of term Oct. 9, 1865. John Fry, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Mustered out July 18. 1865. Gustav A, .\ugspuiger, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. Jul.v 2, 1865. Disch. at end of term Oct. 9, lf65. Patrick Calalian, enl. March 17, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered . ut .\piil 30. 1866. Alois Daul, enl. .\ug. 13, 1862. Transf. Marc h 15. 1m;4, to Invalid Corps Mustered out.mne 26, 18ii5. Patrick Dillon, enl. Nov. 12, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch Feb. 24, 1866. Ernst H. Fblhauer, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1. 1863. . Trans. Jan. 10, 1865, to Invalid Corps. Mustered out June 17. 1865. Gabriel Fertig, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Transf. to -i'lih Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus tered out .\ug. 1, 18(K. Henry Fight, enl. Dec. 21, IMS. Transf. to 2.">th Inf. July 2, l.%.j. Mus, tered out .Vpril W. 1H66. James Goudy. enl. Nov. 27, \Ha. Transf. to illh Inf. July 2, 1N6S. Mus- tered out .\pril 30. lwi6. Andrew Ganter, enl. Aug. 1, I^C4. Trantf. to 2.5th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out .Vpril 30, 1866. Peter Hirz, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Transf. to 2".th Inf. July 2. 1H65. Mustered out -Vug. 26, ISKi. Anton Hillerick, enl. Nov. 21. 1fH3. Transf. to 23th Inf July 2. 1865. Disch. Nov. 4, 186.5. 138 GENERAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. John H. Hqrst, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Traust. to 2och .uf. July 2, 1863. Disch. Nov. 4, 1863. William C. Huy. (See Xon-commissioned Staff.) William Lauchly, enl. Dec. 13, 1863. Transf. to 35tli Int. July i. 18^5. 5Iustered out April 30, 1866. Michael Maloney. enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to Soth Inf. July 2, 1863. Died at Chester, S. C, Oct. IS, 1865. John McCormick, enl. Nov. 29. 18e3. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2. 1865. Mustered out Api'il 30. 18613. George Mueller, enl. March 15, 1864. Tiansf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865, Mustered out April 30, 1866. Christoph Mario, enl. Dec. 30, 1^63. Transf. to 23th Int. July 2, 1865. Died Aug. 3, 1865. William Pluss. enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2. 1865. Mus- tered out Aug. 1. 1863. Samuel Pfister, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. loasth Int. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out April 30, 1866. William Pendleton, enl. Die. 31, 186.3. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered out .\pril 30, 1866. James Pendleton, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3. 1865. Disch. Nov. 11, 1865. Frederick Prasse, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2. 1865. Mus- tered out Aug. 4. 1865. Henry Rasp. enl. Oct. IT, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Nov. 26, 18ia. Clustered out Aug. 2, 1863. Frank Rothermel, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg. Transf. to Invalid Corps March 14, 1864. Frederick W. Schaffer, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Transf. to Invalid Corps Jan 10, 1863. John Schaab, eol. Oct. 20, 1862. Transf. to 83th Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch. at end of term Oct. 30, 1865. John Schu-ehl, enl. Sep:. 30, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch. Sept. 30, 18C5. Gottlieb Schwartz, enl. Sept. 30. 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2. 1865. Mustered out Aug. 1, 1865. Julius Schoeueweg. enl. Jan. 18, 1864. Transf. to 35th Inf. July 2, 1863. Mustered out 30th April, 1866. John Traxel, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 35th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- teied out 30th April. 1866. Christian Wanger. enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mustei-ed out 30ih April. 1866. John Wanger. enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 2.5th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mus- tered out 30ih April, 1866. Hermann Wehagen. enl. Jan. 6, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mustered out 30th April. 1866. Frederick W. Weber, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Wounded at Chaucellorsville. Transf. to Invalid Corps March 15. 1864. Matthias Fry. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 17, 1862. Died July 18, 1.863 of wounds received at Gettysburg July 1st. Frank H. Prasse, enl. Aug. 32, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 28, 1862. Killed at Chaucellorsville May 2, 1863. John I. err, enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Killed at Devaux Neck Dec. 29, 1864. William H. Heiss, enl. Aug. 22. 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Died of typhoid fever Aug. 22. 1863. John Jacob, enl. AUg. 6, 1862. Died in hospital at Cincinnati, April 22, Frederick Kroll. enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg, and died in prison at Richmond, Va., Nov. 3, 1863. Christoph Riehm, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Died at Folly Island, S C Sept 18, 1863. Matthias Wokaty, enl. Aug. 14. 1863. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1.1863 Died at Annapolis. Md, April 2, 18ft4. Christian Rebman, enl. as Coip. Aug. 12, 1863. Missing from May 2, 1863. COMPANY D. John T. Lohn, enl. Aug. 23 1863. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1 1863. COMPANY E. Otto Weber, enr. as 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Prom, to Capt. Dec. 33. 1863. Resigned on account of disability March 6, 1863. Re-commissioned as Capt. April 3. 1863, and mustered out with the Reg. John M. Lutz, enr. as 3d Lieut. July 28, 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Oct. 13. 1862. and to Capt. May I, 1863. Resigned on account of disability Aug. 30, 1864. John J. Houck, enl. as Sergt. Aug. 19, 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Aug. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. 10th July, 1863. i3eorge Kunz. enl. Aug. 8, 1,862. Prom, to Corp. Oct. 14, 1862; to Sergt. Nov. 1, 1.863; and to 1st Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with Reg. Philip Geist. enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 14, 1862, and to Sergt, Dec. 16. 1862 Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Deuble. enl. as Corp. Aug. 5, l-r62. Prom, to Sergt. Aug. 34, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. John A. Feuerstein, enl. as Corp. Aug 13, 1862. Prom, to Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out w.th the Reg. Sigmund Rosenfeld, enl as Corp. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out with Reg. John Fenz, enl. as Corp. Aug. 5, 1,862. Mustered out with the Reg. John Buechler, enl. Aug. 12, 18ii2. Prom, to Cor]). Jan. 18, 1863. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Joseph Rothgesy, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Prom, to Corporal Feb. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. John B. h Hen, enl. as Corp. Aug. 18, 1662. Mustered out with the Reg. John Busick. enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Keg. Charles Buertner, enl. Aug. 32. 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Froehlick, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Feldkamp enr. as .Sergt. Aug. 14. 1862. Mustered out with Reg. Jacob Jucker, enl. Aug. 7. 1862. Muste: ed out with the Reg. Adam Kleinsmidt, eul. Aug. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Ernst Loock, enl. Aug. 18, 1,863. Missing from Gettysburg, .luly 1, 1863. Henry Ruhl, enl. Aug. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Emil Umlauft, enr, as 1st Sergt. Aug. 2, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg, Jacob Weislogel, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg, Philip Zenger, enl. Aug. 82, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. July 10, 18(». John Schrink. enr. as Capt. .July 3,1 1863, Resigned because of disabil- ity Nov. 30. 1862. Christian Greenwald, enl. Aue. 4, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 5, 1863. Marx Haberer, enl. Aug. 22. 1863. Disch. for dij-ability Feb. 23, 1863. Louis Ras, enl. Aug. 80, 18.>3. Disch. tor disability Nov. 29. 1862. Ferdinand Schrink, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Disch. for disabihty Dec. 16, 1862. John Sanders, eul. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability July 15, 1883. Frederick Timm. enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. for disability March 12, 1863. Carl Beyerly. enl. Aug. 2, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, Nov. 19, 1863. Philip Schwartz, enl. Aug. 19, 1.862. Mustered out July 8, 1865. John Brown, enl. Jan. 37, 1864. Transf. to 35th Inf. July 8, 1865. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1865. Plait Benjamin, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Transf. to 85th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1865. John Crane, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Transf. to SSth Inf. July 2, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. Reported sick in Hospital March 1, 1866. Jocob Danzer, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. .30, 1863. George Ellsworth, enl. ,ran. 5, 1864. Transf. to 23th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mustered April 30, 1866. Christian Gobel, enl. Sept. 3), 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 1, 1863. Mustered out June 2S. 1865. George Hugiil, enl. April 6, 18W. Transf. to 33th Int. July 3, 1865. Mus- tered out July 86, 1863. Henry Hoffman, enl. Aug. 15. 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps July 87, 1863, Clustered out June 36, 18(i5. Jacob Hanri. eul. Aug. 32, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 23, 18&4. Jacob Luder, enl. Aug. 11,1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 15, 18t>4. John Mueller, enl. Aug. 21, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 39, 1,S65. George Ody. enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Transf. to 35th Inf. July 3, 1H65. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1865. Joseph Sheppard, enl. Oct. 16, 1863. Claus Verseman, eul. Aug. 32. 1863. Trans*, to Vet. Res. Coi*ps March 31, WW, Mustered out June 27, 1865, Gotf ried Weidenkopf, enl. Oct. 16, 18i)2. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 15, 1865. John Zahn, enl. Aug. 32. 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corjjs March 15, 18t)4. Christian Faifel, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 14, 1863. Died July 18, 1863, from wounds received at Gettysburg, July 1. Jacob Hof, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died July 4, 1863 from wounds rec'd at Gettysburg. John A. Lamly, enl. Aug. 2, 1863^ Died at Brook's Station, Va., May 19, 1863. Anton Martin, enl. Aug. 83, 1862. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Martin Schmidt, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Died at Spafford C. H., Va., Jan. 84, 1863. Jacob Snyder, enl. Aug. 19, 1853. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Henry B:iukmau, enl. Aug. 30. 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1863. Andrew Gaul, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Jacob Kaspars, eul. Aug. 22, 1862. Clustered out July 10, 1865. -Miles Jlullen, enl. .\ug. 20, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. John A, Beltz, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Disch. for disability Sept. 23, 1863. Michael Tolman, enl. Aug. 32. 1862. Disch. for disability July 84, 1863. John Oswalt, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Reg. July 10, 1865. William Peter, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry L. Norris, enl. Aug, 33, 1863, Disch, for disability June 10, 18G4. Jacob Nau, enl. Aug. 10. 1863. Disch. for disability April 18, 1863. Frank Ruppender. enl. Aug. 5, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 19, 1863. and to Sergt. July 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. July 10, 1865. Jacob Bash, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Promoted to Corporal January 18, 1863. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Michael Frank, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg Jacob Halfalder, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. John Puchola, enl, Aug, 13. 1862, Mustered out with the Reg. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOLinil INFANTRY. 139 Martin Ruppender, enl. Aug. 9. 18(i2. Mustered out with tlie Reg. Christian Linlj. enl. Aug. 15. ISiii. Disch. because of physical disability Marcli 19, lSii3. Albert Mueller, enl. Aug. 10. IsiK Traiist. to Vet. Res. Corps March 15, 18i>l. Henry NVaichenand, enl, July 31, 1862. Transf . to Vet . Res. Corps Sept. 1. l«i:i. Charles Jones, enl. Jan. 29. 1864. Transf. to 2oth Inf. July 2, 186.5. Mus- tered out SOth .\pril. lf<66. COMPiNV F. John G. Fott, enl. Aug. I, 1862. Mustered out 10th July, 1865. Matthias Wagner, enl, .^ug. 22. 1862. Mustered out 10th July, 1865. Klaus Dienst, enl Jan. i:i, 1865. Transf. to 25th Int. July 2, 1^65. 1 isch. at end of term Jan. 13. 1866. Henry Neytheus, (See Xon-coni. Staff.) William F, Emmert, enl. Aug 14, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug. 25, 18»>1 Re-enlisted and promoted to Corp, Aug. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. July 10, 1865. Peter Schoiles, enl. .\ug. 18, 1862. Mustered out March IT, 1865. William Paol. enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Bechtel, enl. Sept, 13, 1.862. Killed at Gettysburg July 1, 186;i. Christian Berger, enl. Aug, 14, 18r2 Died at Folly Island, Oct. 8, 1^63.] Christian Meier, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Died in Hospital at Charleston. S. C, April 19, 1865. COMPANY G. John Bahl, enl. Sept, 19, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg, George Rahrig, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Wounded at Chancellorsville. May 2. i>m. Rudolph H. Schimpflf, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Disch. because of disabihty Nov. 2. I8W. Charles Wimar, enr. Sergt. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch, April 9, 1863, Thomas Walter, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 5, 1864, George Jlerrick, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Coips, Aug. 'M, 18ti8. Reinhard Creeger, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Captured at Chancellorsville May 2, ISKJ. Gottfried Zisky. enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Disch. for disability July Hi, 1863. Edward Johnson, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered out April 30, 1866. Charles Lynes, enl. Nov. 16, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865 Disch, Nov. 15, 1865. Joseph Juchern. enl. Oct. 29, 1802. Killed at Gettysburg. July 1, 1863. COMPANY H. August Vignos. 1 See Field and Staflf , 1 Augustus Sohylander. (See Non-Corn. Staff.) Theodore Baldinger, enr. as Musician March 26, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch. for disability Aug. 1, 1885. Louis Schoeneweg. enl. Sept. 9. 1862. Disch. Aug. 18, 1863, on account of disability. Re-enlisted in Co. B as priv. Dec. 24, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 15. 1865. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Gottlieb Muntz, enl. Oct. 2. 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. June 2, 1865. Disch Oct. 2. 1M65. John Schorr enl. Nov. 1, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. June 2, 18t)5. Disch. Nov. 1. 1865. Gottlieb Aftolder, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 186;). Mustered out June, 1865. Gordian Speck, enl .\ug. 5, 1862. Promoted to Corp. .^pril 18, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Richard Feederle, enr. as Capt. Sept. 6, 1862. Res. May 12, 1863. Robert Dietzold, enl. Oct. 20, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1865. John Ley, enl. Oct. 11, 18e3 Transf. to 26th Inf July 2, 1865. Mustered out .\ug. 2, 18ti5. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. This regiment liad but thirteeu members from Cuy- ahoga couuty. It served from the autumn of 18G3 to tlie summer of I860, in Kentucky aud Tennessee, iK'iug divided into detachments, some of wliich were employed to garrison block-houses, wiiile others were mounted and sent to chase guerrillas. The rebels several times attacked the block-houses garrisoned by the One Hundred and Fifteenth; capturing them aljout half the time, and being defeated the other lialf. A l>attalion of tliis regiment was at Murfiees- 1 boro when it was attacked by Gen. Buford, in De- cember, 1864, and aided in utterly defeating the rebels. Eighty-three paroled prisoners of the regi- ment lost their lives by the explo.-;iou of the steamer Sultana, on the Mississippi, near Memphis. Dis- banded in July, 1865. MEMHEKS FHOM rUYAHDGA COf.VTV. COMPANY C, Orin A. Bishop, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 18Sth Reg. June 2T, 1865. Harmon H. Bliss, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, IWith Reg. June 27, 1865. JIustered out Sept. 21, 1S65. Francis W. Bliss, enl. Feb. 13, 1885. Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg. June 27, 1865. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865. Jeremiah H. Craumer, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg. June 27, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1885. Barney Conley, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 15, 18W. Abraham Truby, enl. Feb. 24, 1.864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864. John Wilkins, enl Feb. 15, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg. June 27, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865. James L. Cook, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 18M. Mus- tered out May 20, 1865. Washington Moon, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1884. Mustered out May 20, 1865. James C. Cook, enl. Aug. 20, 1854. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864 Lost on tlie Sultana .\pril 27, 1885. John Fitzwater, enl. Feb, 36, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864. Died in prison ai Meredian, Miss., Jan. 1, 1865. Christopher Maley. enl, Aug, 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865. Albert A. Herkner, enl. Jan. 12, 1.865. Transf. to Co. G. 183th Reg. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out Sept 21, 1865, William Peat, enl, March 8, 1864 CHAPTER XXVIII. ONE HUNDKELi AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. One of the Largest Three-Years Contingents from Cuyahoga— Number in the Regiment and in the Companies— Slow Recruiting— The Field Officers— Stationed at Franklin — .\ Dangerous Reconnoisance— The Unionists defeated— The Regiment saves the Artillery, etc.— Sickness- Moving to Manchester- Over the Mountains— The Begiuniug of chick- amauga— Furious Firing— Steadiness of the One Hundred and Twenty- fourth— Change of Position— The Front Line gives way— Slowly falling back— The Next Day— Building Breastworks- Repelling the Enemy— Helping Harker— The Rebels again Repulsed— 'c|uent Services— Mustered out and disbanded One of the largest contingents furnished by Cuya- hoga county to any three-years regiment was tiiat which entered the ranks of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry. The total number dur- ing the war was four hundred and eigluy-eigiit; of whom a hundred and ten were in Co. A; three in Co. B; eighty in C: twenty-five in D ; tliirty-three in E; sixty-eight lu F ; twenty-one in O ; seventy-four in H ; si.\ in I ; aud si.\ty-tn'o in K. There were also seven in the field and staff, on the original roster, l)e- sides those subsenuently transferred from the com- panies. Thus it will be seen that Cuyahoga was rep- resented in every company; even in Co. I, wiiich was 140 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. raised in Cincinnati. All the other companies were recruited in northern Ohio. Owing to the immense drain already made on the county, the raising of the regiment was a slow and arduous task; having been begun in July, 1863, and being hardly completed on the first day of January, 1863, when the command marched into Cleveland from its rendezvous at Camp Taylor and took the cars for Kentucky. Its field officers were Oliver H. Payne, colonel : James Pickands, lieutnant-colouel : and James B. Hampson, (previously a captain in the First Infantry,) major. It had but seven hundred and fifty men when it left Cleveland, but the addition of the Cincinnati com- pany brought it up to the minimum regimental size. After a short stay at Elizabethtown and Louisville, Ky., the regiment went by st«amer down the Ohio and up the Cumberland to Nashville. Thence it marched to Franklin, Tennessee, which place was the headquarters of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, until the following June. On the 5th of March the regiment as a part of a temporary brigade com- manded by General Colburn, while on a reconnoisance to the southward, was met by a heavy force of the enemy and a hard battle of two hours length ensued, in which the Union forces were badly defeated. The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was ordered to guard the ammunition train, and did so with great fidelity, but, on that account, was not engaged in the main part of the fight. Although General Colburn and more than half his men were captured, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth succeeded in saving not only the train but the artillery. During the remainder of its stay at Franklin the regiment suffered severely from sickness, but never- theless made great progress in its drill, and also aided in building several important fortifications. On the 2nd of June it moved forward, and after a mouth's marching and countermarching went into camp at ^lanchester, Tennessee. At Readyville, just previous to this, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourtli was assigned to Gen. Hazen's celebrated brigade, the for- tunes of which it afterwards shared. The regiment, being in a rich agricultural country, lived well while at Manchester, recovered its healtli, and at the same time maintained a high standard of military efficiency. On the 16th of August the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth moved forward with Rosecrans" army, crossed the Cumberland mountains, rested a fortnight in the Sequatchie valley, forded the Tennessee river on the night of the 9th of September, and the next day camped at Lee & Gordon's mills. After another week of waiting and reconnoitering, on the morning of the 19tli of September the battle of Chickamauga begun. While the One Hundred and Twenty-fourtli was standing to arms on the State road, heavy firing was heard on the left front. At eleven o'clock the regi- ment took ground to the left and then advanced toward the enemv. In a short time the rebel bullets began to whistle over the heads of the soldiers. The regiment immediately deployed into line of battle with great coolness, although every instant the rebel fire increased, becoming murderous by the time the line was completed, and although this was the first time the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth had been seriously engaged. The battle now raged with deadly energy. The regiment which is the subject of this chapter stood up to its work as steadily as the best-seasoned veterans of the army, and for hours returned the rebel fire with volley for volley, until all its ammunition was expended and it was relieved foi- the purpose of allowing the men to replenish their cartridge-boxes. This being done, they again advanced and directed their fire against the enemy. After another period of furious fighting, the regi- ment was placed on the left of the brigade, in the sec- ond line. Scarcely was this done when the front line gave way for a long distance, and a crowd of de- moralized men came rushing back through the ranks of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, followed by the exultant confederates, who made the welkin ring with the well-known "rebel yell." Yet the regiment still stood firm, and returned their fire with deadly aim; being aided by two batteries on its left. On its right, however, the second line had also given way, and the One Handred and Twenty-fourth was also obliged to retire. It did so, however, slowly and in good order, delivering volley after volley, and com- pelling the rebels to halt and reform their lines; thus giving to the L^nionists time to rally, and in fact per- manentlv checking the Confederate advance at that point. Just at dark heavy firing war again heard on the left, and the regiment moved in that direction. But the darkness soon put a stop to the battle, and the wearied men of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth lay down to rest with their arms by their sides, only a short distance from the front of one of the rebel divisions. The next morning the men were up at dawn, and immediatelv improvised a breastwork of logs and rails, from behind which to check the foe. The latter soon appeared, and again the battle began. The rebels came rushing on with all their well-known impetuos- ity; striving with desperate energy to carry the breast- work and to capture a battery which was stationed on the right of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth. But the grape and canister of the battery and the bullets of the regiment were too much for even the fiei7 valor of the Southern legions, and again, and again they were driven back with terrible loss from the slight but well-manned rampart of logs and rails. About three o'clock in the afternoon they gave up the task and retired. The regiment was then moved to the right in sup- port of Barker's brigade, and was soon in front of the enemy. He was crowding hard upon the brigade just mentioned but an accurate and sustained fire ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOrRTH INFANTRY. Ul from the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth soon caused him to retire. The same result followed when he ajipeareil on tiie right: the regiment chang- ing front and pouring in its vollies witii deadly effect. But it was now nearly dark, and the battle as a whole iiad been extremely disastrous to tlie national arms. Many regiments were entirely broken up, and both Crittenden's and McCook's corps were so badly shattered that a retreat v/as deemed absolutely ne- cessary. Accordingly, after dark, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth with numerous other regiments took the road to Rossville: lying in line of battle at that point during the night. The next day it was in line under artillery fire, covering the withdrawal of the trains. It again retreated at night, and on the next day — the 'i'id of September — encamped with the rest of the army at (."hattanooga. The entire loss of the already thin regiment, in killed, wounded and miss- ing, during tiie battle, was one hundred atid forty; the cvmimander, Colonel Payne, being among the wounded. At Chattanooga, the army was on half rations for a short time, but was relieved on the appearance of Grant, Sherman and Hooker, with large reinforce- ments from Vicksburg and the East, when communi- cation was opened with the north. The regiment took i>art, on tiie night of the 26th of October, in the important movement of Hazen's brigade which enabled Hooker to reach Chattanooga. The oommand slipj)ed quietly down the Tennessee past the rebel sentries, landed, and in spite of the heavy fire opened ujion it as soon as it was discovered, rushed up the acclivity and took possession of Racoon mountain, a short distance below Lookout. A pontoon bridge was quickly built over the river — notwithstanding several vigorous but fruitless attacks of the enemy made in the etfort to prevent it — on which Hooker's two corps crossed, and passed on to Chattaooga. After returning to Chattanooga and lying there nearly another month, the One Hundred and Twenty- fourth advanced in the front line of battle on the ■23d of November, and aided in capturing the range of hills lying in front of ^Mission Ridge driving away the enemy, taking possession of his works, and imme- diately throwing uji fortifications facing the other way, toward the frowning heights of Mission Ridge, from which the men were annoyed, but not much retarded, by a heavy fire of artillery. Hooker's battle of Lookout Mountain occupied the next day, but on the afternoon of the 25th the whole army advanced, at the signal of si.\ cannon shots fired in rapid succession, and moved swiftly toward the great rebel stronghold of Mission Ridge, one of the strongest positions in the world by nature, and fortified by Bragg's army through months of labor. The advanced works of the Confederates were situ- ated at the foot of the ridge. In front of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth there was an open field, over a third of a mile wide, which was swejit by the 18 a fire of the enemy. The regiment pushed rapidly for- ward over this space, firing as it advanced, and soon had the satisfaction of seeing some of the rebels re- treat up the mountiiin. The men rushed forward with a cheer, cajitured the works in an instant, and at once opened a heavy fire on the retreating Confed- erates. The latter, however — those of them who did not fall before the Union bullets — soon reached the shelter of the works on the top of the ridge, and the occupants of the latter soon opened a mur- derous artillery fire on the position of the One llun- di'ed and Twenty-fourth. The situation was precarious. The commander of the regiment did not understand his orders to reach beyond the capture of the works at the foot of the I'idge. But the men did not feel like lying there un- der fire long, and in a very short time officers and soldiers by a unanimous impulse raised a shout and began scrambling up the mountain. Ciunon balls, grape, canister and rifle bullets came tearing amongst them, but on they, went, cheered by the sight of their comrades on either side engaged in the same task, and ill a short time the whole long but irregular line reached the top of the ridge, dashed forward against the rebel breastworks, carried them with scarcely a moment's pause, and turned the cannon which had defended them against their late possessors. Seven ])ieces of artillery were the prize of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio. Twenty-three men were killed in the charge and only four wounded. This was a remarkable reversal of the usual results, as there were generally four times as many wounded as killed. It was probably due to the fact that the rebels, stationed on the moun- tain, generally shot over their opponents, but when they did hit them hit their heads or the upper parts of their bodies, inflicting fatal injuries. Only five days afterwards the regiment set out to relieve Kno.xville. Longstreet, however, abandoned the seigc before the relieving army could arrive. The" One Hundred and Twenty-fourth remained in East Tennessee during the winter of 1SG3-4, suffering the numerous hardships which have made that winter memorable to so many Union soldiers. In May, 18G4, the regiment set forth on the Atlanta campaign. It was warmly engaged at Rocky Face Ridge, suffering severely in a charge against the en- emy's intrenchments, as it did also at New Hope Church, where Lieutenant Colonel Pickands was badly wounded. At Pickett's Mills Major James B. Hamiison was killed while serving on the staff of General Wood, the commander of the division. About the 1st of July General W. B. Hazen, to whose brigade the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth still belonged, was ])romoted to the command of a division, and Colonel Payne took his place as brigade commander. With its comrade regiments the regi- ment took part in the siege of Atlanta, and the flank- ing movement to Jonesborough which compelled the surrender of the former place. With them, also. 14-2 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUXTY. it mai'c4,ed northward, at first in the rear of Hood and then passing by him. as described in the sketch of the Forty-first Infantry, and reaching Nashville the last of November, 1864. On the loth of December it moved forward with Thomas' army to attack Hood, and on the following day took an active part in the decisive battle of Xash- ville, which resulted in one of the most complete vic- tories won by the Union arms. After following Hood to Huntsville and remaining there several months, the regiment was sent to East Tennessee. Thence after another uneventful period it was ordered to Xashviile. where it was mustered out on the 9th of July. It was immediately sent home to Clevehnid, paid off and disbanded. MEMBERS FROM rlY.\HO(;A rOVXTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Oliver H. Payne, ear. as Lieut. Col. Sept. 11. 1863. Promoted to Col. Jan. 1, 1883. Resigned Oct. io. 1864. James Pickands, enr as Major Oct. 25. 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Col. Jan. 1, 186:3. Mustered out July 9, 1865. James B. Hampson. enr. as Major Jan. 1, 1863. Kilted in action at Pick- ett's Mills May 27. isej. William Treat, enr. as Sergt. Co. A Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Q. M. S., to 2d Lieut. June 17. 186:j. and to 1st Lieut, and Reg. Q. M. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out .vitli Co. June 12, 1865. Dewitt C. Patterson, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Surg. May 3. 1863. Mustered out July 9. 1865. James W. Smith, enr. as Surg. Aug. 20, 1862. Resigned Jan. 31, 1863. Seth D. Bowker, enr. as Chaplain Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Sept. 9, 1883. Albert Lewis, enr. as R. Q. M. Pee. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 3, 1863. NO.V-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Charles C. Leonard, enr. as Corp. Co. A Aug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. May 1, 1864. Mustered out July 9, 1865. William A. Reed, enl. Co. A. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Com. Sergt- Oct. 1. 1S63. Mustered out July 9, 1863. Charles D. Collins, enr. Corp, Co. H Oct. T. 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. and to Com. Sergt. June 9. 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865. James Powell, enr. as Corp. Co. H Sept. 16, 1862. Promoted to Com. Sergt. Dec. 1, 1862. Peter R. Granel. enl Sept. 13 1862. App. Hosp. Steward Nov. 19. 1862. Mustered out July 19, 1865. Eugene L. Stryker, enr. as Musician .\ug. 8, 1862. Trans, to Staff as Prin. Musician July 1, 18(>3. Mustered out June 9, 1865. George Foster, enr. as Musician Aug. 14, 1862. Appointed Prin. Musi. cian July 30, 186;i. Mustered out .June 9, 1865. . Clark A. Fish, enr. as Musician Feb. 28, 1864. Promoted to Chief Musi- cian June 1, 1S65. Mustered out July 9. 1865. COMPANY A. William Wilson, enr. as Capt. July 25, 1863. Resigned Feb. IS, 1865. Haskell F. Proctor, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. F July 26, 1862. Promoted to ;2d Lieut. Co. G May 10, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Sept. IS, 1864, and to Capt. Co. A Jau, 8, 1865. Mustered out June 9, 1863. Cleveland Van Dorn. enr. as 1st Lieut. July 26, 1862. [See Co. D.] Alexander C. Caskey, enr. as Corp. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Oct. 13, 18i>4. .Mustered out with to Co. July 9, 1865. George Doubleday. enr. as 2d Lieut. July 26, 1862. Resigned June 13, l«i>3. Charles D. Hammer, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. G May 23, 1863. Andrew OBrien, enl. Nov. 18, 1803. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. William O. Finney, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Died at Clinton Cross-roads Feb. 1, 1864. Thomas Maskall, enl. Nov. 9, 1863. Died at Nashville June 27, 1864. Jacob Segmeier, enl. Oct. 20, 1(J62. Died at Manchester, Tenn.. July 31, 1863. Edward Sweeney, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Oct. 25, 1864. Waiiam Barberic, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Disch. Aug. 2, 1864. Samuel Carpenter, enl. Feb, 15, 1864. Disch. .\ug. 29, 1864, on account of wounds. John C. Durian, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. Samuel Bates, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1.865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Nicholas Ex, enl. Oct. 28, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Hudden. enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Richard Hudson, enl. Nov. 5, 1803. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1863. Mus- tered out with the Co. William Jewett. enl. Nov. 22. 1863, Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. John McGurk. enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Dars Oltolder, enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Left in Hosp. at Nashville June 1. 1865. John Sweeney, enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1863. Mus- tered out with the Co. Arthur Webster, enl. Nov. 16. 1863. Transf . to Co. D June 8, 1863. Mus- tered out with the Co. July 9, 1865. Thomas Stevenson, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. June 9. 1865. William Schubert, enl. Aug. 13. 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1864, and to Sergt. June 3. 1865. .Mustered out with the Co. William Empson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, 1863. Par- oled May 22, 1865. Mustered out June 2:J, 1863. Isaac H. Gould, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Herbert T. Green, enl. Aug. 5, 1862, Mustered out with the Co. Jonn W. Gould, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Died in Andersonville prison Sept. 12, 1»64. Elijah Trow, enl. .Aug. 12. 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 9, 1863. Edwin .\, Kent, enl. Aug. 12. 1862. Disch. William H. Clague, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf. to Eng. Corps .\ug. 13. isw. Thomas Cowley, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Eng. Corps Aug. 13, 1864. Samuel H. Quayle, enl. Aug. 6. 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Eugene L. Stryker. (See Non-Com. Staff, i George E. Goodrich, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862. Transf to Vet. Res. Corps. Nov. 21, 1864, Charles C. Leonard. (See Non-Com. Staff.,) George W Wing, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Died Oct. I, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19. Thomas Gifford, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Killed at Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864. George F. Parsons, enl. Aug. 10, 1862, Promoted to Corp. Killed at Pickett's Mills May 37, 1864. Edward G. Bartlett, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died at Nashville Aug. 3, 1864, from wounds rec'd in action. John H, Bartlett. enl. .\ug. 14, 1862. Died at at Franklin, Tenn., March 10. 1863. Adelbert L. ^'> ing, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. June 9, 186.5. Richard Wykes, enl, Aug. 6. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Elisha M Holden, enl. Aug. 6. 1862, Wounded at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. JIustered out May 15. 1863. Adrian C. Stone, enl. Aug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1,'<64 Mustered out with the Co. Stephen P. Wing, enl. Aug. 10. 1862. Died at Middlehurg, O., Jan 6, 1865. Frederick J. Bartlett, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Transf. to U. S. Col. Troops and promoted to Lieut Orlando H. Church, enl. Xug. 7, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. George H. Foster, enl. Aug. 6, 1862, Promoted to Corp. because of w-ounds, Isaac Hardy, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. May IS, 1863. for disability caused by wounds William Treat. (See Field and Staff.) Oliver E. Ellsworth, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 10, I8ii3, and to Sergt. May 1, 18i>4. Mustered out with the Co. John E, Duncan, enl. July 27, 1862. Promoted to Con'. May 1, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Zera Ellsworth, enl. July 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1864 Mustered out with the Co. Franklin Fuller, enl. July 31, 1862 Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. John P. Lamb. enr. as 1st Sergt. July .30. 1862. William H. Selover, enr. as Sergt. July 31, 1862. Died Sept. 25, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga. Elam .\. Smith, enr. as Corp. July 30, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga. , May 27, 1864. Edwin N, Gates, enl. Aug. 3 1862. Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Clustered out June 12, 1865. David Z. Herr, enl. .\ug, 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Cr. William F. Losey, enl. July 27, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, I8(a. Henry Schnerrer, enl. Ang. 7, 1863. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, 1863. Willis Cornwall, enl. Aug. 13. 1862, Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Henrv Kenfield, enl. .iug. 9. 1862. Killed at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19. 1863. John Litchfield, enl. .\ug. 14, 1862. Killed at Mission Ridge, Tenn., Nov. 23, 1863. Adam Sipe. enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Benjamin Herr, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Died at Nashville Aug, 12, 1864. Hiram Thompson, enl. Aug. 11. 1863 Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 1>6-). David Yost, enl. Aug. 12. 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., .April 11, 1863. Edward Brainard. enl. Aug. 14. 1863. Disch. Sept. 12, 1864, ONE nUxN'DKEI) AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 143 (iforge J. Duncan, enl. July 27, 1868. Disch. July 13, 1883. HeMi-ge H. Gat«s. fill. Aug. 14, ISHi. Disoh. at Manchester, Tenn. Cliristiaii Lin«lei-. enl. Aug. 3, ISBi. Discb. May 11. isii.'i. Theodore A. Selovi-r, enl. July 27, im-i. Disch. Feb. 10. \m3. Heuiy B. Wallace, enl. Aug. 3. ix&i. Disch. June 16, is«.j. Sauforil R Braiiiaid. enl. .\ug. 5. 18i>-3. Tiaiisf. to the Invahil Corps. George W. Brown, enl. .\uk. 11. ISM. Transf. to the Invalid Corps. Edwin Foote, enl. Aug. 14. 1*6-.'. Transf. to Invalid Corps Feb au, 1804. George Foster. (See XonCom. Staff, i Daniel Herr, enl. Au^. 7. 18«i. Trans, to VeL Res. Corps. Ralph H. Shepard. enl. Aug. 14. 186-3. Transf. 1 1 Vet. Res. Corps. Michael Beck, enl, Xov. 18, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out Julv 9, 1SB.V Ellen W. tiarzee, enr. as Corporal Aug. 11, 1882. Died at Chattanooga, Teuii., Nov. 12. 13(!3, from wounds reed in action. Leivis .M. Watkins, enl. Aug. 14. 1.S62. Mustered out with Co. June 9, 1865. Charles Ciibbs, enl. Aug. 10, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 2, 1884. .Mustered out June 39. 1863. Jacob Vo-ler, eul. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Kno.\ville, Tenn. March 4, 1864. Gottlieb Reuss, enl. .\ug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corporal April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. June 9, 186.). Wilbur F. Russell, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 17, IStB. Oscar Van Avery, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with Co. June 9, 1863 Elvert M. Shepard, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Charles E. .\ustin, enl. Aug. 14, 1802. Disch. from Hosp. Orlando Austin, enl. Aug. 14, I8ii2. Disch. from Hosp. Samuel H. .\iiies, enl. .\ug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Chauncy D Hall, enl. Aug 11, 1862. Disch. ,lob Hamlin, enl. Aug. 14, :.862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 21, 1804. Thomas Hammond, eol. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 3, 1H63. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Kyser, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Gilbert C. Porter, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. May 28. 1805. William A. Reed. {See Non-Com. Staff.) Andrew K. Rose, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1804, and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Ozias C. Smith, enl. Aug. II, 1862. Disch. Aug. 13, 1863, for disability. Harrison F. Henry, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6. 1S62. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 186.3. Andrew Crittenden, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 1. 1864. Taken prisoner ,Jan. 19, 1865. ,1'ilin Lovejoy, enl. Aug. 15. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William Bryan, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1803. Sent to Hosp. at Cleveland. O. John Hogeman, enl. Aug. 9, 1802. Mustered out with the Co. Gottlieb Schwartz, enl .\ug. 9. 1802. Mustered out with the Co. Jonathan Wyeth. enl. .\ug. 4, 1802. Died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 2, 1863. George N. Miner, enl. Sept. 5. 1S62. Disch. Jan. 19, 18»)5, on account of wounds COMPANY B. Charles D Hammer, enr. Sergt. Co A, Aug. 4, 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Co. G. May 23. 186:1 Transf to Co. B June 3. 1805 Mustered out June 9, 1863. Alfred Bowman, enl. Sept .30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. June 9. 1863. John M. Bowman, enl. Oct. 2(1, 1862. Transf. to Co. E Mustered out June 30, 180.^. COMPAXT C. Robert Wallace, enr. as Capt. Oct. 13, 1862. Resigned May 19, 1803. Daniel Straltou, enr as 1st Lieut. Oct. 15, 1862 Promoted to Captain Jlay 20, 18ft). Resigned Oct. 25, 1863. .lohn B. Irwin, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. G. Nov. 13, 1862. Prom, to Capt. Co. C, April ». I8ft4. Died June 24. 1864, of wounds received in action June 12th. James T. McGinness, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Sept. 29. 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut Co. F, April 17. 1S6:!, and to Captain Co. C. Jan. 20, 186,5, Mustered out July 9, 1565. Samuel B. Payne, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Aug. 2, 186:). Prom, to 1st Lieut. Co. 0, Sept. 18, 1864. Killed in action at Nashville, Dec. 16, 18114. John O'Brien, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 13. 1862. Resigned April 21, 186,3. John P. Lamb, enr. 1st Sergt. Co. A, July :jO, 1802. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Co. C, May 19. WiS. Resigned June 20, 1S63. John Stevens, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 20, 1862. David Shaughnessey, enl. Oct. 16. 1862. Promoted to Sergeant Dec. 10 1S0,3. Mustered out with the Co. July 9. 1865. William Rediiep, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Promoted to Sergeant Feb. 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Montgomery, enr. as Corj). Sept. 30, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. June 1, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Edward Murphy, enl. Sept. 27, 1862. Promoted to Corporal Feb. I, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Roche, enl. Dec. 2<>. 1802. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, IS<>3. Mus- tered out with the Co. Melvin L. Shepard, enl. Sept, 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1808. Mustered out with th« Co Isaac Taylor, enl, Sept. 25. 1862, Promoted to Corp. June 1. 1805 Mus tered out with the Co. Joseph Benson, enl. Feb. 10, 1884, Promoted lo Corporal June 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel J. Brown, enr. as Musician Sept. :)0, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William Lathrop, enr. as Musician Feb, 8. 1864. Mustered out with Co George W. Andrews, enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Davis, enl. Nov. 20, 1862. Mustered out May :)0, 1863. Lyman Fuller, enl Dec. 17, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1863. Frederick Goode, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Luke Green, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Joyce, enl. Dec. 3, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. George Lingera, enl Jan 27, 1804. Mustered out June 24. 1865. Richard Lee. enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James McDonald, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 19. 180:1. E.ichanged and sent to Camp Chase, O., May 3, 1805. Mus- tered out I uly 8, 1803, Timothy Mahoney, enl. Dec. 3, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Newnham, eul. Nov. 29, 1862. Wounded Dec. 10, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 180). William Quigley, enl. Sept. :)0, 1802. Captured at Dandridge, Tenn. Jaoi 19. I.'i64. Exchanged and sent to Camp Chase Dec. 1, 1864. Mustered out May 29, 1803. Riley L. Rood, eul. Feb. 20. 1804. Mustered out with the Co, Jacob Ryde, enl. Sept. 30, 1W02. JIustered out with the Co. William tjhanley, enl. Jan. 14. 18ii4. Mustered out with the Co. Charles E. Styre, enl. Dec. 20, 1.863. Mustered out with the Co. Martin Smith, enl. Sept 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. AmosC. Sexton, eul. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Robert K. Wilde, enl. Sept. 30, 1K02, Mustered out with the Co. John Lynch, enr. as Corp. Sept. 17, 180;. Died in rebel prison at At- lanta, Ga., Aug. 13, 1864. Reuben B, Abbey, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died at Nash- ville, Tenn., Feb. 10, 1864. Orange E. Bushon, enl. Feb. 13, 1804. Killed in action May 27, 1804. Michael Ducey, enl. Jan. 16, 1864. Killed in action May 27, 1864. James W. Forsyth, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Died in hospital at Cleveland, O., Nov. 25, 1862. John Fritz, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Died Nov. 28, 1863, of wounds received at Chattanooga. Samuel Ferguson, enl. Feb. 2, 18ii4. Died at Jeffersouville. Ind,. May 31, 1804, John Hopwood. enl. Oct. IT, 1802. Died at Nashville. Tenn,. Aug., 1864 from wounds received in action, Thomas Johnson, enl, Sept. 17, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Feb. 28. 1.S64. Charles A. MoBane, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn. James MoCort. enl. Sept. .30. 1862, Died at Nashville. Tenn., June 29, 1864, from wounds received in action, James Mcintosh, enl. Dec. 29. 1802. Died at Chattanooga Nov. 20. 1863. Arthur Quinn, enl. Sept. 30, 1802. Died at Dover, Tenn., Feb. 5, 1863. Patrick Jlurphy, enl. May 17, 1804. Died in Anderspnville prison .^pril 14. 1863, John Ray, enl. Aug. 1, 18C3. Killed in action at Nashville. Tenn., Dec. 10, 1804. Thomas Willey, eul. Nov. 22, 1H02, Died from wounds reed at Chicka- mauga, Dec. 10, 1863. Egbert Hicks, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 22. 1864. Josiah M. Holt, enr. as Sergt. Sept. .30, 1862. Disch. for disability May 20, 186:). Frank Roche, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability, John R, Tudor, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug. 1. 1864. Thomas C. Ault, enl. Sept. 30, 1882. Disch. June 10. 1805. William W. Gushing, enl. Sept. ,30, 1803 Transf. to liith Inf John D. Cole. enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. on account of wounds reed in action, March 5, 1863. James Cullerton, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability. July 19, 1864. John A. Dodion. enl. Nov. *), 1863. Disch. for disability. May 10th, 1865. Henry L. Engleson. enl. Jan. 28, 1884. Mustered out May 13, 1865 Thomas S. Gardner, enl. Jan. 8, 186:). Disch. for disability March 18, 1863, Alfred L. Jago. eul. Sept .30, 1862. Disch. for disability March 10, 1864, John H, Jennings, enl. Sept, .30, 1862. Disch. Nov. 22, 1862. John McWilliams. enl. Jan. 22. 1884. Disch. for disability. Patrick Joyce, enl Dec. 3, 1863. Disch. on account of wounds reed in action May 24, 1865. William A. Lowrie. enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Disch. April 15, 1865. Hugh McGuckin, enr. as Corp. Sept. 10. 1862. Diseh. because of wounds. Reuben Ritter. enl. Sept. :jrt, 1862. Disch. for disability. William Rayen. enl. Oct. 30. 1862. Disch for disability April 10, 1863. Franklin Stillson. enl. Sept. :)0. 1862. Discu. for disability Nov. 16, 186:). Henry Slack, enl. March 1, 1864. Disch. fordisabiliiy Sept 8, 1884. Wallace Walworth, enl. Dec, 30, 1863, Disch, May 2H, 18IS5, 144 OEXERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUXTY. Dexter Lane, enr. as Sergt. Sept. iT, 1863. Trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. George Fox, enl. Sept. 30, 1868. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Clark A. Fish. [See Non-commissioned Staff.] Jacob Money, eol. Sept. 30, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Richard Putt. enl. Sept. 36, 1863. Wounded and sent to Columbus, O.. Sept. 4. 1861. James Walsh, enr. as Corp. Sept. 30, lf62. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 38. 1864. Mustered out Aug. 1, 1865. John Anderson, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 10, 1864. COMPANY D, Cleveland Van Dorn. enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. .A .July 36, 1862. Promoted to Capt, Co. D Aug. 8. 1864. Mustered out with Co. June 9, lSt;.5. Hiram H. Bowman, enl. Dec. 34, 1863. Promoted to I'orp. Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1865. Herbert W. Ashford. enl. Dec. IT, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Herman E. Beckwith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore R. Evans, enl. Dec. 29, WA Mustered out June 23. 18fS. Albert E. Hudson, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Jones, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Left in Hosp. at Cleveland, O., Dec. 13, ■ 1864. George Johnson, enl. Dec. 22. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Mossier, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ananias Mossier, enl. Ian. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Franklin Myers, enl. Dec. 27. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Arthur JIurphy. enl Dec. 38, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Orlando Porter, enl. Dec 1", 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Augustus Raser, enl. Dec. 34, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Redecar, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Uo. Henry Schoenholtz. enl. Dec 11. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nelson Vond, enl. Dec. 21. 1863. Mu.stered out with the Co. Charles Watkins, enl. Jan. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Hudson, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. Edward Homan, enl. Aug. 23, 1863. Died at Bulls Gap, Tenn., April 33, 1865. Michael O'Donovan, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Disch. (or disability Dec 27, 1864. Daniel DriscoU, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Disch. for disability Maroh 39, 1865. Frank W. Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Disch. June 7. 1865. John King. enl. Jan. 23, 1864. Disch. on account of wounds rec'd May 16, 1865. COMPANY E. Thomas J. Carron enr. as 1st Lieut. Oct. 89, 1863. Resigned Jan. 10, 1864. Terence A, Dempsey, enl. as Sergt. Co. H Sept. 19, 1862. Promoted to 3nd Lieut. Co. D June 19. 1863. and to 1st Lieut. Co. E March 8, 1864. Killed before Nashville. Dec. 16, 1864. William Carron, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 20, 1862. Died June 23, 1863. Josiah Flick, enr. as Corp. Oct. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. for disability May 8, 1863. Peter Burkett, enr. as Corp. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Feb. 13, 1865. Frank Hartman, enr. as Musician Oct. 13, 1863. Disch. June 13, 1865. Albert Alleman. enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 186.5. Harold A.. Cores, enl. April 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Sholl, enl. May 15, 186,3. Promoted to Corp. Feb. «, 1865. Mustered out with the Co . James Benson, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. John M. Bowman, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Euchre, enl. May 12. 1863. Taken prisoner May 27, 1864. Christopher Houghton, enl, Oct. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. John W. Harper, enl. Feb. 14, 1863. William Lawless, enl. .luly 6. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Louis Mogler, enl. May 23, 1863. Mustered fiut with the Co. Jacob Sutton, enl. .April 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Spangler, eol. Oct. 10. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. George Turner, enl. April 2;^, 186:3. Mustered out with the Co. James Thomas, enl. May 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Myron Crocker, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Died at Nashville, March 3D, 1863. CarroUton Romengoburg, enl. May 19, 1863. Killed near Dallas, Ga., May 27, 1864. Zenas Parker, enl. April 18, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Sept. 14, 1864. Ira Wade, enl. April 35, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1864. Thomas Baker, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability July 6, 1,864. William T. McDowell, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. from Ho-p. March 25, l.-ieil at Nashville. Tenn., March 17, 1863. Joseph Hoklen. enl. Dec. 10. isia. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jlay 1. istn. Haskell F. Proctor, enr. as 1st Sergt. July aii, 1863. Joseph Reisinger, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Transf. to Co. G Nov, 1, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Gordon Shurtliff, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Mus- tered out June 9, 1865. James Williams, enl. Oct. 59, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Killed at Pickett's Mills. Ga., May 27, 1864. Thomas Waltham. enl. Sept. 16, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Nov. 1. 1!^13. Mustered out June 28, 1865. .lohn N Mitchell, enl. 5larch 24. 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 30, 1864. Robert Bennett, enl Oct. 8. 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 9, 1863. COMPANY G. William A. Powell, enr. as Capt. Nov. 13, 1S62. Resigned April 23, 1864. James Brennan, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, 1862. Resigned April 28, 1863. John B. Irwin, enr. as 2d Lieut. Nov. 13, 1862. Promoted to Capt. Co. C, April 8, 1864. Thomas Burke, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 20, 1862. Disch. June 7, 1863. George Evans, enl. Oct. 10. 1862. Disch. Dec. 5, 1863. Nelson Shurtliff. enl. Nov. 20, 1862. Disch. May 1, 1863. John Miller, enl. Nov. 1, 1^62. Trantf. to Co. F, Jan. 1, 1863. Disch. April 22, 1863. Patrick Welsh, enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Trarsf. to Co. C. Jan. 1, 1863. Mus tered out May .3il, 1865. Alexander Vanderniark. enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Transf. to Co. B, Jan. 1, 1863. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. John Linden, enl. Oi t. 28, 1862. Died at Louisville, Ky., June 10, 1863. James Hennessey, enl. Nov. 20, 1862. Transf. to Co. H, Jan. 1, 1863. Disch. June 10, 1863. William M. Parker, enl. Sept. 17, 1862. Transf. to Co. H, Jan. 1, 1863. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga. Sept. 19, 1863. Died in Anderson- ville prison Aug. 11. 1864. William L. Reed. enl. April 11, 1S63. Promoted to Corp. July 25, IS6.3. Mustered out with the Co. Christopher Fudron, enl. April 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Ranch, enl. April 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Hiram B. Stevens, enl. April 17, 18153. Mustered out with the Co. William Ball. enl. March 28, 1863. Died at Nashville. Aug. 1-3, 1863. AlexanderBaird, enl. April 10,1863. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, IsfiS. Burton Hayes, enl. April 16, 1863. Disch. Nov. 10, 1863. James L. Lloyd, enl April 11, 186:j. Disch. John Boyle, enl. March 28, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Transf to Vet. Res. Corps May 23, 1864. COMPANY H. Ehen S. Coe, enr. as Capt. Nov. 17, 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Col. I96th Inf. March 26, it<65. John Sterrus, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. C, Sept. 20, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Co. H, June 30, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. B, Sept. 17, 1864, and to Capt . Co. H, April 11, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865. James T. McGinness, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 29, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. F, April 17, 1863. Samuel B. Payne, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 2, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. C, Sept. 18. 18C4. James Dillon, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 2, 1864, and to Sergt. June 10. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Allen Blether, enl, Sept. 23, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Robert A. Denham, enl. (!)ct. 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 18*35. Mustered out with the Co. Kugeue M. Cowdery, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 18i;5. Clustered out with the Co I Ijm a. Kriegman, enl. Oct. 29, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 19, 18i;.j. Mustered out with the Co. William M. Conolly, enl. Oct. 16, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Barllett, enl. Sept. 59, 1863. .Mustered out with the Co. Frank Drake, enl. March 19, 186-3. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel N. Dunning, enl. Nov. 30, 18ta. Mustered out with the Co. John Green, enr. as Corp. Sept. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Leo Herrick. enl. Sept. 30, 1S63. Mustered out with the Co. .lames Hays, enl. Nov. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas H. Jones, enl. Oct. 6, 184*2. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob H. Karker. enl. Dec. 1. I8i. Clustered out witii the Co. Joseph .Mitchell, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co Patrick McCarty, enl. Dee. 28, 186-3. Mustered out with the Co. Patiick Murray, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Mustered out July 18, 1865. Franklin Moore, enl. .^pril 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William McCaffrey, enl. Dec. 1. 186.3. Mustered out with the Co. 19 Peter Moore, enlisted Nov. 4, 1863. Left sick at Nashville Aug. 19, 1864. Casper Ohl, enl. Oct. 7. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Price, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Phelps, enl. Nov. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James Ryan. enl. Nov. 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Rogers, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John H. Reed, enl. Oct. 11, 1863. Lett sick at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 20, 1865. Daniel S. Critchfleld. enl. Dec. 11. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel B. Smith, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Mustered out May 19. 1863. Charles Smith, enl. Sept. 21. 1863. Left sick at (,'hattanooga Nov. 28. 1«63. Jacob Suitor, enl. April 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Wolf. enl. Dec. ii, 1863. .Mustered out with the Co. George Wilkeson. enl. May 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William W. Wilcox, enl. .March 22. 186;!. Mustered out with the Co. Henry E. Lowi ey, enr. as Corp. Oct. 7, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. Nelson Lent. enr. as Corp. Sept. 12, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. John Doyle, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 11, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Oct. 10, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19. Samuel H. Harrison, enr. as Corp. Oct. 6, 1862. Died at Manchester, Tenn., July 24, 1863. Edward Dangerfleld, enl. Oct. 27, 1862. Died at Cleveland, O., Jan. 4, 1803. Darwin L. Goble, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Died at Franklin, Tenn., March 5, 1863. Charles A. Gregoiy, enl. Dec. 15. 1863. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14. 1864. Sanmel Kemp, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Oct. 10, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga Sept 19. John McDermot, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Died at Nashrtlle. Tenn., Jan. 1, 1865. PhiUp Noll. enl. Jan. .5, 18W. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. William Nicholson, enr. as Corp. Sept. 17, 1862. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga.. May 27, 1864. John C. Huriey, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. Captured May 27, 1864. Died in An- dersonville prison Sept., 1864. David Sellers, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., .lune 2, 1864, from wounds rec'd May 9. Ephraim G. Staples, enl. April 6, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 1(1, 1863. Terence A. Dempsey, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1862. Gardner Barber, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Disch. Feb. '30, 1863. David W. Sturgiss, enl. Sept. 10, 186'2. Disch. July 18.;i863. William H. Pepperday, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 6, 1862. Disch. Sept. 15, 1863. Andrew Fridley, enl. May 25. 1863. Disch. Oct. 10. 1863. Basil L. Spangler. enl. Oct. 19, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in U. S. Col. troops Nov. 17. 1863. John A.. Foot, enl. Oct. 6, 1862. Disch. March 7, 1864. Jonathan L. Spencer, enl. May 21, 1863. Disch. May '23, 1864. Jonathan Wright, enl. Sept. 19, 1862. Disch. Oct. 10, 1863. William W. Webster, enl. Oct. '39, 1863. Disch. Dec. 31, 1864. John Nagle, enl. Oct. '35, 1862. Disch. May 23, 1865. Andrew Koll, enl. Sept. -39, 1863. Disch. June '38 1865. Charles D. Camp, enl. Oct. 10. 1862. Disch. Sept. 15, 1863. Thomas J. Crooks, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to 1st. Sergt. Wounded Sept. 19, isia. Transf. to Invalid Corps March 8, 1865. .Mustered out July 26. 1,805. Charles D. Collins. (See Non-Com. Staff.) James Powell. (See Non-Com. Staff. I Peter R. Granel. (See Non-Com. Staff i Henry JIcKinnon, enl. Sept. 23. 1863. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 26, 186 i. William Deitz, enl. Oct. '28, 186-3. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 20, 1863. Thomai A. Johnston, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 36, 1863. John Mooney, enl. Sept. 3, 1882. Transf. to Invalid Corps Dec. 11. 186;J. Tracy L. Barnes, enl. Nov. 17, 186'3. Transf. to Co. C. Jan. 1, 1863. Died in rebel prison at Richmond, Va., Oct. '37, 1863. COMPANY I. John C. Smith, enr. as 2d Lieut. Jan. 30. 1.863. Albert A. Wilson, enl. Dec. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Co., July 9, 1865. Edgar M. Tower, enl, Nov. 27, 186.3. Disch. Nov. 1, 1864. Martin Ellsner. enl. Dec. '33, 1862. Transf. to Co. E, Jan. 1, 1863. Disch. Aug. -34, 1864. George Henzen, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Transf. to Co. G, Jan. 1, 1S6;I. Died at Nashville, Tenn., April '3.!, 1863. George Reichert, enl. Aug. 23, 1863. Transf. to Co. G, Jan. 1. 1863. Pro- moted to Corp. Jan. 1, \>5. Promoted to 1st Lieut. June 1'3, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Frederick Hogendoble. enl. Co. A, l'38th Int. Dec. 30, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Co. K, 124th Reg. April 28. 1863. Resigned March 10, 1864. 146 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. William Clark, enl, June 11, 1S6.3. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865, and to Sergt. June 10, 1805. Mustered out -n-ith the Co. July 9, 1865, Charles Everett, enl. Aug. li, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. March I, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Oliver Casler, enl. Se])t. 3. 18li3. Promoted to Corp. June 1. 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. John Gibson, enl. Aug. 13, 1803. Promoted to drp. June 1. 1805. Mus- tered out with the Co. John J. Delehanty, enl. Aug. 1, 1803. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Orin Marvin, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June I, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Frederick Towser, enl. July 11, 1.S0.3. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1805. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Brainard, enr. Aug. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Loren Brainard, enr. July 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas .^.rn, enl. Aug. SJ, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Hugh Baxter, enl. July 31. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William C. Clark, enl. July 1, 1863. Absent sick since Jlay 18, 1864. John Dorn, enl. Sept. IS, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Peter Dorn, enl. Sept. 13. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Emerick, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Gibson, enl. May 18, 1863. Absent sick since Sept. l!l. 1863. William Gunshorn. enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Holshocker, enl. .\ug. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George R. Jumont, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Clustered out with the Co. John :>liller, enl. June 11, 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. IS, 1864. Jacob Xaigle, enl. Jan. 2 '. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Martin Quinn, enl. Sept. 12, 1.863. Mustered out with the Co. James Quinlan, enl. Aug. 24, 1863. Wounded Dec. 16. 1861. Jacob Shaub, enl. July 23, 1863. Iteubeu Spencer, enl. Aug. 18, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Melancton Teel, enl. Aug. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. AVilliam Vanness, enl. ,luly 16, 186:3. Henry Williams, enl. July 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Wallace, enl. Sept. 5, 1S63. David Young, enl. ,Iune 11, 18iW. Mtistered out with the Co. James Clark, enl. July 11, 18(i3, Killed in action May 9, 186 1. Hugh Gauntley, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Died at New Albany, Ind., Nov. 6, 1864. Joseph Martin, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Jtarch 21, 1865. William Martin, enl. June 14, 1803. Killed in action Sept. 19, l,'i63. Edward O'Neill, enl. Aug. IS, 1863. Died of wounds received in action June 24, 1864. John Rei, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison June 9, 1864. George Saunders, enl. Aug, 15, 1863. Died at Chattanooga Nov. 1863. Joseph Sims, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Died from wounds received in action Oct. 1863. Alexander Stewart, enl. July T, 1863 Killed at Resaea, Ga., May 14, 1864. Thomas Thompson, enl. July 3, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1S63. William B. Thompson, enl, July 3, 1863. Died of wounds received in ac- tion Feb. 2. 1865. James McUowd, enl. Sept. 1, 1863. Promoted to Sergt, Disch May 10, 1S63. John Walsh, enl. July 7, 1S63. Disch. Jlay 10, 1865. George Click, enl. July 13, 1.S63. Disch. for disability Aug. 28, 1864. John Ford, enl. July20, 186:!. Disch. Sept. 12, 1864. John Lloyd, enl. July 20, 1863. Disch. tor disability Aug. IS, 1864. Sage Nicharsou. enl. July 19, 18(»3. Disch. Nov . 7, 1863. William Sutton, enl. June l(i, 1,863. Disch. for disability. Frederick Waggoner, enl. June 11, 1863. Disch. for disabiUt,\- March 10, 1865. William Kearns, enl. June 1. 1S63. Disch. Nov. 7, 1863. William Santeman, enl. July 19, 1S6:S. Disch. Nov. 7, 1863. John I'. Hennie. enl Aug 12, 18i>J. Disch. May 3, 1863. Adam Zeigler, enl. July 10. 1S63. Disch. Jlay 30, 1865. John Connell, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Disch. May 18, 1,863. William Birch, enl. July 11, 1803. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. George Jlorrison, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out July 25, 1865. John Jlayberry, enl. Aug. 20, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Hes. Corps Oct. 7, 1864. James W. Lyttle, enl. Aug. 10, lS6:i. Mustered out July 17, 1,865. Andrew Mesmer, enl. Aug. 26, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 20 1864. John Mellen, enl. June 11, 1S63. Taken prisoner Jan. 1864. CHAPTER XXIX. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH AND ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. Formation of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth— The Cuyahoga Repre- sentation—Off for Louisville and Franklin— I)riving out the Rebels and holding the Town— The Battle of Chickamauga— The Victory of Mission Ridge— A Fight in East Tennessee, etc.— Heavy Loss at Dal- ton, Resaea. Lost Mountain and Kenesaw— Brilliant Success at Frank- lin— Gen. Thomas' Compliment — Subsequent Services— Mustered out — Members from Cuj-ahoga Countj-- The One Hundred and Twenty- Eighth as Guards— The Members from Cuyahoga— The Hoffman Bat- talion — Services of the Regiment— Mustered out — List of Cu.vahoga Men. ONE HUNDRED AND TWEXTY-FIFTH IXFANTKY. This regiiiieot was recruited for three years, in the autumn of 18ij"2, and on the oth of October was mus- tered in with eiglit full companies, of which Ciivaho- ga county furnished one hundred and eleven men, scattered in small numbers through all the companies. Col. Emerson Opdycke was it first commander. On the 3d of January, 1863. the regiment left Cleveland sis hundred and fity seven strong, for Louisville, where a stay was made until January 28th. followed liy a move to Franklin, Tenn. Tiiei-e the enemy was encountered, and after a sharp engagement dislodged from the town. Twice — on the i'th of March and 10th of April — the rebels attempted to recapture Franklin, but in both instances were rei)ulsed by the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth. Remaining in Franklin until June 21st, the regi- ment joined its command at Murfreesboro, and on the 24th began the memorable, dreary march to Hills- boro, whence it moved by slow stages to Chattanooga, where it arrived on the Oth of September, and in the vicinity of which it was engaged in sharp skirmish work until the 18th of that month. On the latter day the One Hundred and Twenty -fifth first took part in a general engagement. In the battle of Chickamauga, which opened on the 18tli, the regi- ment won such conspicuous honors that General Rosecrans personally complimented it, and General Woods cliristened it ''The Tiger Regiment of Ohio." On the 25th of November, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth entered the field of battle for the second time — on this occasion at Mission Ridge — and during that long and bloody fight, although it covered itself with glory, it sustained a severe loss in killed and wounded. Marching to Knoxville and thence to Dandridge, the regiment fell into an engagement with the enemy at the latter place, on the 1 Tth of December, and for the better part of two days performed severe and continu- ous work, during which it lost thirteen men in killed and wounded. Directlv after this affair the One Hun- ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTHY. ETC. 147 dred and Tweut3--fiftli retreated to Knosville. where its ranks were reinforced by the accession of Compa- nies I and K, recruited in Ohio after tlie regiment li:id left the State. The time from December 20, 18G3, til Mav 3, 1864, was passed in winter (juarters at Lou- don and C'levehind, Tennessee. Upon the hitter day the regiment moved out of camp as part of the Tiiird bricradc, Second division, Fourth corps, and set out for Georgia with General Sherman, who then entered upon his Atlanta campaign. In the engagement be- fore Dalton, on the 7th and 8th of May, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was in the thick of the fight and lost heavily. At Resaca and Lost Mountain the regiment distinguished itself, and at Kenesaw Moun- tain — when Colonel Opdycke's promotion to the com- mand of a brigade advanced Lieut. Col. Moore to the head of the regiment — there was more severe work and more severe regimental loss. After the fall of Atlanta, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was called to Nashville, then threatened by Hood, and took part in the battle of Franklin; winning high honor and capturing eighty prisoners and two battle-flags. Colonel Opdycke was in com- numd of the brigade in which the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth fought, and after the battle. General Thomas said to him: "Colonel Opdycke your brigade saved the army at Franklin, and saved Nashville. "■ During the battle of Nashville, the regiment ren- dered etfective service. On reaching Huntsville, Ala., •lanuary 6, 1865, it went into winter quarters, whence it emerged on the ^Sth of March. It moved without active service to Knoxville, and thence, by way of Nashville, to New Orleans; being mustered out of service in Texas on the 25th of September. It then returned to Ohio, and was discharged at Camp Chase on the ITth of October, 1865. MEMBERS FHOM CIYAHOG.V COfXTY. FIELD AND STAFF. George L. Wood, enr. as Major Nov. i7, isiia. Resigned April. 'SO, isi;:!, Henry McHeni-y, enr. as Surg. Oct. (i, IHia. Resigned June 1, 1.S60. Porter Yates, enr. as Asst. Surg. Oct. li. lsi',3. Resigned Ma.v li, iwi.'). John E. Darby, enr. as .\sst. Surg. Sept. *4, L-iiS. Trausf. to Wnd U. S. Col. Troops April 7, 181)4. NON-COMMISSIOSED STAFF. Lyman L. Herring, enr. as Hosp. Steward Nov. 14, lx6i. I^ied April 23, 18113. Benj. F. Y'oung, enr. as Priii Musician Oct. 23, I.Sia. Mustered out June 9, 1KI15. Peter Damme, enl. Nov. 14, ima. Prnni. to Prin. 5Iusician May 50. 1S63. Disch. for disability May 10, WIS. COMPANY A. Thomas Richmond, enl. March 22, IS(i4. Wounded May 14, 1S«4. Trausf. to Co. I, June 7, 1SB5. Clustered out Sept. 25, 18(i5. COMPANY D, Orsamus Fitch, enl. March 27, ISiM. Transf. to Co. C, June 20, IS«5. Musteretl out Sept. 23, 1S65. John W. King, enl. March 81, 1«(>4. Transf. to Co. C. June 20, lS(i5. Mus- tered out Sept. 25, IHflS, George Pigott, enl. 5Iarch 7, WA. Transf. to Co. C, Juue 20. isilj. Mus- tered out Sept. 13, 181)3. Edwin Jl. Reynolds, enl. Feb. 24, INK. Transf. to Co. C, June 20, ista. Mustered out with the Co COMPANY c. Sanford Armstrong, enl. Dec. 15, isii:). Clustered out Sept. 35, 18il3. John Handley, enl. Dec. 37, lSii3. Mustered out with the Co. Minos RadclifT, enl, Dec. 31, 1803. Wounded Jlay 14, 181(4. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Balver, enl. Nov. 1, I8(J2. Died .\ug. 29, 18(i3. Festus G. Tyler, enl. Oct. 23, 18(13. Died Aug. 25. I8114. Mark Shields, enl. ,Ian. 4, 18ii4. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Dec 29, 18tn. John Canii>bell, enl Dec. 28, 18113. Mustered out May Hi, 18(13. COMPANY I) Thomas Gilleii. eul. Oct. 13, 1863. Promoted to Corp, July 1, 18(13. Mus- tered out witli the Co. Sept. 23, 18(13. Andrew J. Gillen, enl. .\pril 8, 1804. Wounded May 14, 1804. George S. Hill. enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 27, 1865. David Keck. enl. Sept. 80, 1863. Wounded Nov. 30, 1864, and sent to Hosp. at I levelaud, O. John King. enl. March 31, 1803. Mustered out with the Co, John Putnam, enl, Oct, 17, 180-3, Wounded Jlay 14, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. John Walters, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Clustered out with the Co. Timothy Cooley, enl. Jan. 13, 1864. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1804. John H. Whittake(. enl. March 1, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1865. James Beggs, enl. March 1, 1864. Wounded Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. for disability May 17, 1863. Mortimer J. Fuller, enl. April 1, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 186.5. Edward JlcLane enl. Jan. 23, 1804. Disch. for disability June 31, 1863. George Pfaff, enl. March 3, 18W. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 24, 1804. John S. Williams, enr. as Corp. Oct. ;W, 1863. Promoted to Sergl Feb 1 1865. Almon Hitchens, enl. April lO, 1804. Promoted to Corj). July 1. 1S65. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1865. Frederic Allen, enl. Jlarch 10, 1804. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1. 1865. Clustered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1865. Hudson Fitch, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Sept. 1st, 1805. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1803. George Klein, enl, Nov. 22, 1862. Disch. May 10, 1.805. Charles Harbye, enl. Nov. 25, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. April 30, 1868. George Seigneur, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Disch. July 14. 1803. Henry Schneider, enl. Nov. 22, 1803. Disch. Jan. 11, 1805. Claude Clere, enl. Nov. 14. 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 1, Iso;). Mustered out Nov. 15, 1865. Joseph Grime, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Taken prisoner at Chickamanga Sept 20, 1803. COMPANY Q. Joseph E. Pero. enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864, and to 1st Sergt. Sept. 2, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1885. James Logan, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 2, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. John Simpson, enl. Nov. 4, 1862. Wounded at Iiandridge Jan. 17, 18((4. Promoted to Corp. same day for bravery, and to Sergt. June 1, 1804. Clustered out with the Co. Christoiiher Berry, enr. as Drummer Dec. 20, 1863. .Joseph Gaiety, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. .Mustered out with the Co. Edwin Hudson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. David Lyons, enl. Dec. 29, 1803. Mustered out witli the Co. James Wade, enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James Kelley, enl. Dec. 18, 1,863 Disch. May 19. IS(J5. Edward Nichols, enl. Jan. 11. 1804. Disch. Feb. 17, 1865. James Shay, enl. Dec. 13, 1863. Disch. May 19, 1X63. Charles Clodell, enl. March 29, 1804. .Mustered out with the Co.. Sept. 25, 1865. John Dailey enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Charles Knapp, enl. Dec. 24, 18*3. Wounded May 14, 1801. Robert W. Thompson, enl. Nov, 4, 1862. Mustered out July 1, 1805. COMPANY H. Charles Leimback. enl. Nov. 8, 1802. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 31, 1802, to 2d Lieut. March 3. 1804, to 1st Lieut. July 8. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Leroy Thompson, enl. Jan. 12, 1804. Promoted to Sergt. May 1, It^(:4. Mustered out with the Co., Sept. 25, 1865. Peter Damme. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) Nicholas Schmitz, enl. Nov. 12, 18(12. Missing since battle of Chickamau- ga, Sept. 20, 1803. Theodore Allardt, enl. Dec. 14, 186.3. Francis S. Krumni. enl". Oct. 17, 1863. Died at Blaine's Cross-Roads, Tenn., Dec. 2-t, 1863. Jacob Berner. enl. Feb. 2, 1804. Died at .\tlanta, Sept. 8-*. 1864. John Weller, enl. Nov. ii. Disch. April 30, I81U. William Dailey, enl. Dec. 24, 18(13. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 19, 1805. Disch. f.ir disability June 26. 1805. 148 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Valentine Pflueger, enl Jan. m. 1864. Disch. June 28, 1865. Charles Mueller, enl. Dec. 1", 186-3. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Wounded Nov. 30. 1864. Disch. May 2". 1865. Seymour O. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865. ■Warner M. Caldwell, enl. Oct. 17. 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865. Henry Schneerer. enl. Jan. 4. 1864. Disch. May 18. 1865. John Weier, enl. Jan. 8, lsi>4. Promoted to Corp. Disch. May 29, 1865. Frederic Wagner, enl. Dec. a*. 1863. Disch. for disability April IV, 1865. Conrad Weddell, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Disch. for disability May 9, 1865. Peter Zoller. enl. Dec. 21. 1863. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1865. Fredericlv Wolf, enl. Jan. 12. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Seifert. enl. Jan. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. August Pietsch. enl. Dec. .30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frederic Xanck, enl. Jan. ~, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. James L. Lowman, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Missing since action of June 27, 1864. Ernst Groehe, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Charles Eckerman, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Anselm Meyer, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1865. -Mustered out with the Co. Michael Elliott, enl. Dec. 5, 1863. Killed at Kenesaw, Ga.. June 27. 1864. Gottlieb Schultz, enl. Dec. 17. 1.S63. Killed at Kenesaw June 27. 18M. Jacob King. enl. Dec. 10. 1863. Died at Nashville, Aug. 3, 1864, from wounds. Henry Thiele, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Died at Nashville Aug. 21, 1863. Franz Esch, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Died at New Albany, Ind. Jan. 10, 1865. George Putnam, enl. Oct. 2, 1863. Died at Galveston. Texa.s, Aug. 1, 1865. William Somerby, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Disch. May 19, 1865. Ehinehard Sillfieisch. enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Patiick Murray, enl. Oct. 26. 18ti3. Disch. July 18, 1865. William W. Cushing, enl. Co. C. Sept. 30, 1862. Prora. to 1st Lieut. Co. rj. 125th Reg. Nov. 10. 1862. and to Capt. Co, I, May 18, 1864. Res. May 24. 1865. William Caughey, enl. Sept. 2,1863. Promoted to Corp. July 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1865. Patrick Donoghue, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 28, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865. Michael Goebel enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Died at Louisville, Ky., May 20, 1864, from wound of May 14th. Charles Miller, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Elden Porter, enl. Aug. 10, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Richard Roessler, enl. Sept. 5, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 23, 1865, and to Sergt. July 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Albert Radel, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Gustav Seydler, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. August Webber, enl. Aug. 25, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1K64. Mustered out with the Co. David Cary, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out May 22, 1865. James Prince, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out June 24, 1865. John Close, enl. Sept. II, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 20, 1865. Disch. July 19, 1865. COMPANY K. Alexander W. Cleveland, enr. as Coi-p. Nov. 21, 186.3. Died at Nashville. Tenn., March 16, 1864. Perry Coon, enl. Nov. 30, 1803. Died at Nashville, May 10, 1864. Jacob Fensterwald. enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Ernest Lutz. enl. Sept 16, 1863. Died at Loudon. Tenn., March 18, 1864. Lewis N. Robinson, enl. Nov. 27, 186-3. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 20, 1864. Mustered out Aug. -30, 1865. William Sleinel. enl. Oct. 21, 1863. Killed at Rocky Face Ridge, May 8. 1864. Henry Welling, enl. Nov. 27, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Disch. for disability Jan. SO, 1865. Charles Meeker, enl. March 1. 1-64. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Menen. enl. March 8, 186."). Mustered out with the Co. ONE IirXDKEI) AND TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. Although the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth was enlisted for three years of active field service, it was chiefly employed in guard duty within the State of Ohio; especially at the posts of Johnson's Island and Sandusky — tiie latter becoming, early in 1863, a depot for rebel officers detained as jjrisoners of war. Two hundred and ninety-nine men from Cuyalioga county enlisted in the reaiment, which, on the 25th of December, 1863, consisted of but four companies, previously known as "' The Hoffman Battalion." This battalion had been on duty principally at Johnson's Island since 1862, though it had furnished frequent detachments for field service — a brief campaign in pursuit of the rebels in West Virginia in 1862 being a part of the latter work. During its service in guard- ing Johnson's Island, the One Hundred and Twenty- eighth was actively, and sometimes arduously em- ployed, yet its discipline was kept to a high mark. While ever ready and eager to take the field, it never gained the opportunity for winning laurels in that direction, although some small detachments occasion- ally saw service. The discharge of prisoners having followed the rebel surrender in the spring of 1865, the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth left the island on tJie 10th of July, 1865, and on the 17th of the same month was mustered out at Camp Chase. MEMBEKS FROM CLYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Edward A. ScoviU, enr. as Major Sept. 1, 186^1 Promoted to Lieut. Col. Aug. 9, 1864. Disch. March 25, 1865. Junius R. Sanford, enr. as Capt. Co. E Nov. 21, 1863. Promoted to Major March 25, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Porter Yates, enr. as Asst . Surg. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Charles C. Starr, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. G Dec. 22, 1863. Prom, to R. Q. M. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. OrviUe P. Foster, enl. in Co. D. Sept. 8, 18S2. Prom, to Hosp. Steward Dec. 30, 1863. COMPANT A. Orlen S. Hayes, enl. as 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Dec. 22, 186:3. Prom, to Capt. Co. A June 29, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. John Bryan, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 20, 1865. John H. Brodbent, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 20, 18155. Thomas Burke, enl. Dec. -30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Feb. 16, 1865. Frederick Hogendoble, enl. Dec, 30, 1861. Peter Lent, enl. Dec. -30, 1861. Died at Sandusky, O., March 30, 1862. Marcus Lent, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 26, 1862. Eugene D. Jlitchell, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Charles E. Ross, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term. Jan. 20, 1865. Dewitt Rees,enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 20, 1865. William Ryan, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 20, 1865. Samuel A. Taylor, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 20, 1865. Edward F. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 20. 1865. Carlysle Whipple, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Disch. Aug. 10, 1863. COMPANY B. Edward E. Y'oung, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec. 23. 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. Dec. 20, IS'il, and to 2d Lieut. April 2. ;S65. Transf. to Co. K June 9. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Stephen E. Douglass, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 25, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Feb. 17. 1865. Samuel D. McElroy, enr. as Corp. Jan. 23, 1862. Robert Corlett, enl. Feb. 3, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 31, 1862. Thomas Goudy, enl. Jan. 21, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Feb. 17, 1865. Samuel F. Smith, enl. Jan. 21, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Feb. 17, 1865. Jacob Wagner, enl. Jan. 30, 1802. JIustered out at end of term Feb. 17, 1S65. Andrew F. Whitman, enl. Jan. 29, 1862. Disch. for disabihty Sept. 10, 1862. Alonzo D. Wilson, enl. -U, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Feb. 17, 1865. Warren Wooden, enl. Jan. 2.3, 1862. Disch. for disability Sept. 5, 1862. Daniel W. Smith, enl. Aug. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. OXE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC. U9 COMPANY C. Eugene D. Jlitchell, enl. Co. A. Dec. aS, ]«(il. Promotefl Dec. SI. 186:i, to Sil Lieut. Co. F. ami to 1st Lieut. Co. C, April «. lSi;5. Mustered out July 13. in«.i. COMPANY D. George Hutchinson, enl as 1st Sergt. Sept. .1, IKfiS. Pronioteil t" id Lieut. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, iwa. Charles A. Hunt, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 10, 1K63. Discli. for disability Dec. U. I«U. Jonathan B. Tuttle, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 11. isiv.' Isaac N. Rogers, enr. as Corp. Sept. 6, 1805 Promoted to .Sergt Dec. IT, 1802. Hugh Green, enl. Sept. il. 1W3. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out witli the Co. Charles F. Peck, enl. Sept. 5, 1803 Mustered out June 3, 1S65. • Lycurgns M. Poak. enl. Sept. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ebenezer King. enl. Jan. !>. 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 10, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13. I8a5. Charles C. Campbell, enr. as Corp. Sept. 8. 1863. Mustered out with th9 Co. July 13. lKG.i. Charles M. Ailaras. enl. Sept. 6. lsiJ3. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Edward W. Clark, enl. Sept. 10, 1863. .Mustered out with the Co. Scott rioane. enl. Sept. 6 1S63. Mustered out with the Co. Ambrose M. Gregor. enl. Sept. 9 1863. Mustered out with the Co. .lacob Miller, enl. Sept. 11. 1803. Disch. for disability Aug. 30. 1863. William Phillips, enl. Sept. 10, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Orlando Stafford, enl. Sept. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William Sherman, enl. Sept. 9. 1863. Mustered out June .3, 1865. Lucas Scott, enl. Sept. 9, 1863. Disch. for disability Aug. 20, 1863. Orville P. Foster. (See Non-commissioned Staff. > Franklin S. Ferry, enl. Sept. 8. 18i53. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. William G. Marshall, enl, Sept. 11. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Eli C, Holmes. enr.;as Corp. Sept. 8. 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. July 13. 1805. Isaac Buskirk, enl. Sept. 8. 1663. Mustered out with the Co. I'harles H. Bushnell. enl. Sept. 9. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel O. Crittenden, enl. Sept. 5, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Henry H. Penny, eid, Sept. 11, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY E. Junius R. Sanford. (See Field and Staff.) Henry H. Smith, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 31. isos. Promoted to Capt. April 33, I860. Mustered out with the Co July 13, 1865. Edward E. Young, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec. 33. 180.3. Lorenzo Horn, enr. as Corp. Dec. 18. 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. I, 18<'i5. Mustered out with the Co. Henry 51. Crocker, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 1.8, 186;i Promoted to 1st Sergt. Slay a. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Homer L, Blair, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan 1. l^iK Mus- tered out with the Co. William H. Railcliffe, enl. Dec. 18, 1803. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Spencer <). .\rnold, enl. Dec. 15, 1803. .Mustered out with the Co. Robert Nelson, enl. Dec. 18, 1803. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. George W. Harland enl. Dec. 18. I.'3. Mustered out with the Co. Eli Emmons, enl. Dec. 18, 18(S. Mtistered out with the Co. George W. Ford, enl. Dec. 16, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. William Goodyear, enl. Dec. 10, 1883. Mustered out with the Co. Seneca B. Hickox, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. JIustered out with the Co. Danford Hubliard. enl. Dec. 31. 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Mark Hebblethwaite, enl. Dec. 19. 186;J. Mustered out with the Co, .vdam Hart>vig. enl. Dec. 18. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. lieWitt Leslie, enl. Dec. 18. 186:3. Mustered out with the Co. All ner M. Leslie, enl. Dec. 18. isos. Mustered out with the Co. Allison D. Lutz. enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with" the Co. Allen McFarland. enl. Dec. IT. 180.3. Mustered out with the Co. James E. Newton, enl. Dec. 18. 1803. .Mustered out with the Co. Henry .V. Plato, enl. Dec. 18, 18iy. JIustered out with the Co. 19 a Solomon Parker, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Elijah Percival. enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael F. Palmer, enl. Dec. 16, 1803. Mustered out with the Co, George A. Patchen, enl. Dec. 1!>. 1803. Mustereil out with the Co. Salmon E. Piatt, enl. Dec. 16. 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Richard Rogers, enl. Dec. 18, 1803. JIustered out with the Co Washington G. Read, enl. Dec. 16, 1813. Mustered out with the Co. William G. Richards, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. .Mustered out with the Co. Joseph H. Redfleld, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. .\Ifred H. Sanford. enl. Dec. 15, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Greenbury Stevens, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Anson H. Silvernail, enl. Dec. 30, 1,803. Mustered out with the Co. Gottlieb Steible, enl. Dec. 18. 1803. JIustered out with the Co. John B. Taylor, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edward H. Thurston, enl. Dec. 14. 1803. Mustered out with the Co. James M. Weideman, enl. Dec. 18 1813. JIustered out with the Co. Joseph Wilford. enl. Dec. 30. 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Sterling Wing. eul. Dec. 18, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew W. Taylor, enl. Dee. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1805. David P. Badger, enl. Dec. 10, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Alvin Cole. enl. Dec. 8, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Demetrius Judd, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Promoted to Corp. JIustered out with the Co. John Jlerritt. enl. Deo. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James L. Oaks, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas J. Rodgers, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. James S. Viers. enl. Dec. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Wm. H. Thomas, enr. as Corp. Dec. 8, 1863. JIustered out with the Co., July 13. 1865, Newton Colson, enl. Dec. 10, 1862. Mustered out with Co. Almon Gleason. enl. Dec. 9, 18>3. JIustered out with the Co. Daniel Garman, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with Co. COMPANY F. Alfred N. Jlead. enr. as Capt. Dec. 31, 1863. JIustered out with the Co., July 13. 1805. John X. Harrington, i nr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 20, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Henry F. Hastings, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 19, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William W. Richardson, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 34, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John H. Way, enr, as Sergt. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out ^vith the Co. Edward Thompson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. April 6, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. ManleyC. Severance, enl. Dec. 15.1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co Wesley Gill, enl. Dec. 19. 1863. Promoted to Corp. JIustered out with the Co. .lared Gardner, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corj). Mustered out with the Co. John H. Harding, eul. Dec. 14, 1863. Promoted to Corp. JIustered out with the Co. Charles H. Rockwell, enl Dec. 18, 1803. Promoted to Corp. April 0, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Franklin H. Hosford, enr. as Musician JIarch 39. isr4. JIustered out with the Co. ytt') Allbright, enl. Dec. 14, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Charles \V. Andrews, enl. Dec. 14, 186). Mustered out with the Co. .\lonzo B. Akins, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry H. Akins, enl. Dec. 17, 186;i. Mustered out with the Co. .\lfred jVnnis, enl. Dec. 17, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. William W. Beckwith, enl. Dec. 31, 180:i. Mustered out with the Co. Orville Barchard, enl. Dec. 18, 18ia. JIustered out with the Co. Samuel Barchard, enl. Dec. 18, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Tyler R. Curtis, enl. Dec. 19, 18J3. JIustered out with the Co. Tobias Cover, enl Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Cuddeback, enl. Dec. 14, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. William Jl. Carter, eul. Dec. IT. 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Theodore Curtis, enl. Dec. 14, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Joseph Cahoon. f nl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William D. Cline, enl. Dec. 19. 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Gardner Cady enl. Dec. 30, 186.3. .Mustered out with the Co. Horace A. Durkee, enl. JIarch 7, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Adam Filker, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Frauds, eid. Dec. 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Francis, enl. Dec. 17, ISia. JIustered out with the Co. Henry G. Greenhoe, enl. Dec. 15, 186.3. Mustered out with the Co. William C. Greenhoe, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Greenhoe, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Greenhoe, enl. Dec. 14, 1808. .Mustered out with the Co. Merrltt Height, enl. Dec. 19. 1863. JIustered out with the Co. George Hahn, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. John Hall, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Jarrett, enl. Dec. 33, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Franklin Kreesler. enl. JIarch 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. 150 GENEKAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Horace Loucks. enl. Dec. 14. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Long. enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Langdon, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Mortimer E. Jlorgan, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joel Slarsh, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore Meister, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Mastin, enl. Dec. 17, 1883. Mustered out with the Co. Corw n Moon. enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out wiih the Co. William Matthews, enl. Dec. 18. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Oberlay, enl. Dec. U, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Paul Prince, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Parsons, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Anthony H. Parsch, enl. Dec. IT, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Benj. F. Rockwell, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co Peter Reilly, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Randall, enl. Dec 17, 1863. Clustered out with the Co. James B. Ruple, enl. Dee. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George G. Sherart, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Snider, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Romanzo E. Smart, enl. Deo. 17. 1863. Mustered out wiih the Co. John Sayer, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Sayer, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Shaffer, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel E. Thompson, enl. Dee. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Josep h Turney. enl. Dec 17.1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edwin R Wack. enl. Dec. 18, 1.863. Mustered otit with the Co. Henry Wagner, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Vernon Wagner, enl. Dec. 14. 1.863. Mustered out with the Co. Julius Walker, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Myron M. Keith, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Disch. for disability June i, 1864. Joseph Beckett, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Disch. for disability June 2, 1864. Nathan Bassett, enl. Dec. 12, 186.3. Disoh. for disability Aug. .30, 1864. Ezra Furniss. enl. Dec. 17. 1863. Disch. for disability Sept 33. 1864. Augustus Silverthorn, enl. Dec. 15. 1863. Disch. for disability Jan. IS. 1865. Thomas Bark. enl. Dec. 17. 1863. Disch. June 1, 1865. Calvin Keith, enl. Dec. 18. 1863. Disch June 1. 1865. John B. Lane. enl. Dec. 19. 1863. Transf. to the Navy April 13, 1864. Cyrus M. Baloh, enl. Dec. 18. 1.-63. Transf. to Co. A June 29, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13, 1865. John Hubbard, enl. Dec. 18. 1863. Transf. to Co. A June 39, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13, 1865. Ralph Peck, enl. Dec. 17. 1863. Transf. to Co. A June 39. 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Zachariah O'Xeil, enl. Dec. 13. 1863. Died at Cleveland, O., Feb. 15, ISM' Samuel Kenwood, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Killed by accident July 3, 1864. George W. Kelsey, enr. as Musician Deo. 14, 1863. Died Oct. 2, 1864. Frederick Myers, enl. March 9, 1864. Died Oct. 18. 1664. Oliver Rogers, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Died Oct. 31, 1864. Andrew R. Thompson, enl. Dec. 14. 1863. Died May 22, 1865. Luther E. Woodworth, enr. as Corp. Nov. 30, 1863. Clustered out with the Co. July 1.3, 1865. Joseph Lucas, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John J. Manor, enr. as Capt. Nov. 25, 1863. Detailed for special duty . July 10, 1864. Charles C. Starr. [See Field and Staff.] COMPANY H. Henry C. Reno, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 24, 1863. Samuel H. Young, enr. as Sergt. Maj. Jan. 4, 1864, Promoted to 2nd Lieut, July 26, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Thomas W. Gaskill, enl. Dec. 11, 18*3. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. George H. Benlehr, enl. Deo. II, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas A. Carson, enl. Jan. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas J. Hawes. enl. Deo. 11, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew D. Holford. enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William E. Parker, enl. Deo, 11. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. EUisha G. Parker, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Stough, enl. Jan. 8. 1864. Clustered out with the Co. Christopher Tostler, enl. Deo. 8, 1863. Clustered out with t!ie Co. Henry H. Lincoln, enl. Deo. 17, 1863. Disoh. for disability June 2, 1865. Lafayette Stough, enl. Jan. 8, 1.804. Transf, to the Navy April 22, 1804. George Wilson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Transf. to Co. A, June 29, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13, 1865. William M. Dowell, enr. as Musician .\pril 4, 18rj4. Clustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. COMPANY I. Samuel D. JIcElroy, enl. as Corp. Co. B. Jan, 23, 18133, Prom, to 1st Lieut, Co, I, Jan 5, 1804, Mustered out July 13, 1865. Edwin B, Fullmer, enl. Deo. 21. 1,863. Promoted to Corp Clustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Elizur Auger, eul. Dec. 21. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John S. Brinson. enl Dec. 31. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Bole. enl. Dec. 3.3, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Edgar L. Baker, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore D. Castle, enl. Dec. 23, 1.863. Mustered out with the Co. Watson Caley, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Mark E. Crow, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Crawford, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Carroll, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Ernst, enl. Dec. 18, 1803, Mustered out with the Co, William H, Garnsey. enl, Jan, 5. 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Augustus Heisner. enl. Dec. 6. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Hake, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Keeler, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Major 1. Leland, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Casper Lutz, eul. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alexander Malla. enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. ^liohael MoAvoy. enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Mans, eul. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out w-ith the Co. Charles E. Perkins, enl. Dec. 10, 1,863. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Rivers, enl. Dec. 19. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Darwin Ruple. enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Sweeney, enl. Deo. 9, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. David Sawyer, enl, Dec, 17, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, George Salmon, enl, Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ge. irge Titus, enl. Deo. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Turner, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew J. Taylor, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Wilford, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Al>raham Wartman. enl. March 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis H. Campbell, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 28, 1863. Disch. Aug. 30. 1864. Arthur O. Griswold, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 7, 1864. Promoted March 27, 1865, to 1st Sergt.. William Inman, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Disch. Aug. 30, 1864. Ora Titus, enl. Dec. 19. 1S63. Disch. May 2. 1864. William Roe. enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Died Aug. 29. 1804. George Brooks, enl. .\pril 2, 1864. Transf. to the Navy July 27, 1864. George Lanaghan, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Transf. to the Xavj- July 27, 1804. James B. Mun ay, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Transferred to Co. A. June 29, 1865 Mustered out July 13, l.%5, Isaac W. Phillips, enr. as Corp. Dec. 23, 1863. Died Aug. 12, 1864. Lorenzo Knapp, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Transf. to Co. A June 29, 1865. Mus- tered out July 1.3, 1865. Brown Dewilly. enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13. 1805. Henry Sproutbury. enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ezra B. Lee. enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Disch. Sept. 2:J, 1864. COMPANY K. Thomas C. Cunard, enr. as Corp. Dec. 11, 1863. Promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Lucius C. King, enr. as Corp. Deo, 11, 1863. Promoted to Sergt, April 5, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Ruel W. Silver, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Jonathan W. :\Iarvin, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Jefferson Walton, enl. Dec. 21. 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. John M. Egbert, enl. Dec. 19. 1863. Prom, to Corp. April 5, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Morgan Wiseman, enr. as Musician Deo. 11, 1863. Mustered out with Co Henry Boleuder. enl. March 9. 18()4. Mustered out with the Co. James Carley. enl. as Corp. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Orlando R. Clark, enl. Dec. 19. 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Madison Glasier. enl. Deo. 31, 186-3. Mustered out with the Co. Marks Hart. enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Warren T. Hayes, enl. March 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Americus J. Hubbard, enl. Dec. 31, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Silas H. Jennings, enl. Dec. 17, l.'*03. Mustered out with the Co. Saumel D. Kelty, enl. Dec. 18, 1803. JIustered out with the Co. John Lew. enl. Nov. 28. 1803. JIustered out with the Co. Birdsey D. Mudge, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Jleyej-s, enl. Nov. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ferdinand Reinhart, enl. Dec. 11, 1803. Clustered out with the Co. John Schuster, enl. Deo. 19. 1863. Mustered out wtth the Co. George A. Smith, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James G. Thatcher, enl. Dec. 21, 1.863. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Thomas, enl. Deo. 19. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James W. Underbill, eul. Deo. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John O. Underhill, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Russell J. Wells, enl Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph P. Woods, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William A. Woods, enl. Dec. 17, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Dudley A. Cozad, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Disch. June 2, 1804. Albert Gay, enl. Dec. 21, 1803. Disch. Feb. 25, 1865. Frederick Perrigo, enl. Dec. 18, 1803. Transf. to Co. A, June 29, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY, ETC. 151 James W. McNeelen, enl. Dec. 21, 18(3. Died in Hosp. at C'levelaud, 0. Feb. 3ii. ISIH. Andrew Garloch. enl. Dec. 19, 1861 Died June 15, 1864. Richard N. Thompson, enl. Dec. Hi, 1863. Died at Johns jns Island, O., Dec. 5. 1864. Clinton R. White, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died at Bedford, O., May 15, 1805. Louis P. Whittaker, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 21, 1S63. Mustered out with the Co, July 13, 1863. CHAP T E R X X X . ONE HUNDKED AND TWENTY-NINTH AND ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTBY. The One Hundred and Twentj'-ninth enlists for jSi.v Months — Thirty- eight Men from Cuyahoga— Oft for Kentucky— Capturing Cumber, land Gap— A Fight on Clinch River — Hard Service during the Winter- Mustered out in February — The One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry— Niue (.'ompauies from Cuyahoga— Sworn in for a Hundred Days— Off for Washingt:n— Garrisoning the Forts— Companies G and K m a Fight— Clustered out— List of Cuyahoga Members. ON'K lUXDRED AXD TWEXTY-XIXTH XXFAXTRY. The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth was mustered in August 10, 1863, at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, for a service of six months, and included in its ranks thirty-eight men from Cuyahoga county, all but one in Company E. On the day of organization tlie regi- ment set out for Camp Nelson. Ky. , where it was attached to the Ninth army corps. On the 20th of August the brigade moved to Cum- licrland Gap, and after the surrender of that place remained there until December 1st, when the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth was ordered to march in the direction of Clinch river. At the crossing of the Knoxville road over that streami t took part in an en- gagement with a division of Gen. Longstreet's corps. From the 2nd to the last of December, the men of the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth were engaged in almost constant skirmishing along the line of Clinch river, and during that severe portion of the winter they suffered many hardships, although exempt from the heavy loss of life visited upon other regiments in that vicinity. Upon the opening of the year 1864, the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth returned to the Gap, and on the Ist of February started for Cleve- land, being mustered out there in the following month. JIEMHKKS FROM CtVAIIOGA cOfXTY. < Itf.irge L. Hayward, eur. as Lieut. (,'ol. July 48. 186:). Mustered out with the Reg. March 7. 1864. H. B. Steele, enl. July 31, 1863. Co. I. 8«tl> Reg. Transf. to lS9tli Inf. Aug. 8, 1863, and made 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Mustered out with the Reg. March 10. 1861. Gustav C. E. Weber, enr. as Surgeon June 4.3, 1863. Res. Oct. 85, 1863. James W. Smith, enr. as Asst. Surg. ^Aig. 11, 1863. Promoted to Surg. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. John Campbell, enr. as .\sst. Surg. Aug. 10, 18<>3. Clustered out with the Reg NO.N-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Charles Y. Wheeler, enr. as Com. Sergt. July 15, 186;J. Mustered out .Marcli 10, 1864. COMPANV E. Ed win Taylor (1st Sergt.), Hammond Clapp (Sergt. i, Francis W. Fermin (Corp.), John M. Dillon. William Brooker, William Clapp. James Goss, Henry Holbrook, Ralph Hopwood, Edward Jones, John Karney, Robert Miller, Samuel Plank, Cscar Pease. Robert Parsons, George Robinson, Courtney Randall, Florence Reese, Samuel Richmond, .luhu Shafer, George Warren, Edward M. Bailey (Sergt.), Watson H. Barkdell (Corp.), Charles H. Tuttle (Corp.), Orrin Barber, Walter F. Pumphrey. Oliver H. Perry, Charles Scott, Jacob Pickard, John Sly (Died in service i, William Stewart. COMPANY I. Charles Luce, enl, .luly 2, isiis. Mustered out with tl>e Co. March", 186) OXE HUXDKED AND FIFTIETH INFAXTIiY, (NATIONAL GUARD.). Of the ten companies composing the One Hundred and Fiftieth, nine were from this county and the other from Lorain. The regiment was sworn in for a hundred days of service on the 5th of May, 180+, and at once left Camp Taylor for ^Yashillgton City, where it entered upon garrison duty in forts Lincoln, Saratoga, Thayer, Bunker Hill, Slocum, Totten and Stevens, which were in the line of fortifications sur- rounding the national capital. The regiment remained in the forts till the close of its term of service, during which companies G and K participated in the fight before Washington on the 10th and 11th of July; having five men killed and wounded. The One Hundred and Fiftieth was mus- tered out at Cleveland August 23, 1864, after a serv- ice of one hundred and eleven days. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. William H. Hayward, Colonel. John X. Frazee, Lieutenant Colonel, J. Dwight Palmer, Major. Thomas Goodwille, Adjutant. Herman M. Chapin, Quartermaster. J.inies M. Smith, Surgeon, Charles F. Dutton, Assistant Surgeon, James F. Armstrong, Assistant Surgeon. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. John H. Burton, Sergeant Major. Wilson L. I'odge. Quartermaster Sergeant. James P. Gardner, Hospital Steward. Louis H. Severance, Commissary Sergeant. Jackson McLelaud. Chief JIusician. COMPANY A. Thomas S. Paddock, Captain. Joseph .^I. Richards, Second Lieutenant. George W. Tibbitts, Firet Lieutenant. J. Benton Parsons (1st Sergt), William Morgan (Sergt.), Theron C. Baldwin (Sergt. J. EU Ely (Sergt.), George Wilkinson (Sergt), Horace E. Dakin. (Corp.). Robert Potter (Corp. ), Benj. W. Smith (Corp. i. Samuel L. Allen (Corp.), Pierson D. Briggs (Corp.), Frank E Th.jmas (Corp.), An- drew J. .Moulton (Corp.), Lemuel O, Rawsou (Corp.). George E. Dunlon, .\llen (.'. Xorth, James M. Allen, Charles E. Brown, John Bruner, Flavel J. Bingham, Charles E. Bingham. William M. Barnes. Lewis Black, Jud- son M. Brown, George D. Beck, Byron M. Brown, John A. Barstow. A. G. Curtiss, Jlichael Carroll, John J. Davis, Albert Dickinson, Charles S. Fairchild, Edward D. Fowler, Reuben A. Field. Orlando S. Gardner. Samuel N. Goodale. Thomas Guy. Alfred T. Goodman. Frederick Hitch- cock, George Hoyt, Charles D. Keeler, Erwin J. Kyser, William Kidd. Charles M. Lyman. Henry E. Luce, Thomas D. )laun. Hiram X. McLeod. Byi-on L. Mears, William J. McMary, Conway W. Xoble, Jacob G. Oitli. Jerome T. Perkins, George S. Paine, .\rthur H. Quinn, Joseph W. Roof. Albert .\. Smith. Spencer Skeels. Alfred E. Sterling. George Stevens. Royal P. Stiles. Charles W. Santord, Edward D. Sherwood, Sanford D. Simmons, .\ustin Thomas. William H. Taylor, Peter G. Van Wie, Frank Wade, John i.. Wigman. Theodore L. Wadsworth, John Whiting, Her- schell Welton, George Watkins, David S. Whitehead, Chas. L. Doolittle, Mendon L. Prentiss, Edwin Taylor, Henrj- Ormsby, Norman B. Pratt. 153 GENEKAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY B John Nevins, Captain. John C. Bull, First Lieutenant. Arthur H, Barrett, Second Lieutenant. John Haas (1st Sergt.), John P. McMahon (Sergt.), William H. Quayle (Sergt.), Nathan D. White (Sergt.), Ben.iamin F. Dexter (Sergt.), Lewis L. Davis (Corp.), Charles 51. Turner (Cor-p.), Joseph J. Schwind (Corp.), James A. Brj'an rCorp.) William Sims (Corp.), Marion A. Shane (Corp.). Walter W. McMahon (Corp.), William H. Merrick (Corp.), Isaac A. Tif- fany (Musician). Gaston G. Allen. James Brown. AlC. W. Bennett, Albert Brown, John W. Ball. William H. Brelsford, Peter J. Bochringer, John W. Blake, James G. Blake, William H. Crowl, Richard Carr, John Cow- ell, Charles R. Dailey, George W. Douglass, John Douglass, Charles D. Foote, Henry C. Fouts, Frederick Fav, Jr.. Andrew J. Farrand, Frank Granger. Joseph S. Grannis Philip Grotenrath. James E. Hoag. John G. Hasserot, Frederick Hoffman. Albert Hartzell, John Hertzog, George B. Hayn-ard, Charles Ingle, Frederick Kintz, Jacob King, John Logan, John Lynch, Benjamin Langell, Edward Lindsley. Frank Miller, Jacob Martin, Julius Miller, Frederick H. McGinness, Thomas Xeal, Erastus M. Norton, Albert Porter, Joseph C. Peterson, Edmund T. Peck, Henry Perrine, John P. Proudfoot. Charles W. Parmer. William H. Radcliffe. Charles W. Russell. Cornelius L. Russell, Theoeore C. Schenck, William N. Stevens, Benjamin Sanford, Michael Smith, William H. Stephens, Joseph Spier, Frank Townsend, John Thompson, Samuel Tyler, Arthur Wright, Sanford Wheeler. George W, Wilson, David H. Walters, Thomas J. Williams, Riall Perkins, Carlos Jones. COMPANY C. Louis G. DeFoiest, Captain. Marcus A. Hanna. First Lieutenant. Ebenezer B. Thomas ilst Sergt. i, Henry A. Harvey (Sergt.), Jay C. Moise (Sergt.), George W. Chapin (Sergt.), Charles H. Tucker (Sergt.). Perry Prentiss (Corp.). John J. Wightman (Corp.), Edward S. Page (Corp.), Henry T. Fenton (Corp.), Levi A. Sackett (Corp.), William H. Wyman (Corp.). Alex-inder H. Mcintosh (Corp.), George A. Brown (Corp.), Marcus Brockway. James Adams, Daniel M. Alvoid, Kirklin Alberty, Arthur Ash, George W. Andrus, Charles S. Brainard, Hiram M. Brown, George F. Bingham, Edward F. Baker, Titus A. Barnes. Rich- ard Bush, Charles H. Cannon, Charles C. Carter, Thomas Cook, David K. Clint, Linton Chantberlain, William Crowell, Orlando Carner, Cas- sius M. Clark. James 51. Coulter, Harvey H. Cos, Charles J. Dockstader, Arthur DeLair, Frank A. Derthick, Louis H. Delano. Charles Foljambe, Mark H. Ferris. William Ferguson, Henry J. Ford, Henry M. Fay, Isaac W. Gaylord, Charles T. Goodwin, IhomasE. Gill, Thomas Guy, Martin Harrington, Daniel Heinde, Edward H. Harvey, Edward P. Hunt, Frank W. Hoyt, Augustus F. Hills, Frank W. Hubby, Edward K. Hanscom, Richard M. Iddings, William \V. Kimball, William H. Kelley, George C. Lyman, William F. Latch, George W. McMillan, Henry E. Morrison, Henry E. Meyer, Wilham Morris, Charles D. Morse, Herman Norton, Elijah H. Norton, Nathan Payne, Chauncey Prentiss, Luther M. Pease, Charles Perkins, Charles J. Price, Andrew Porter, William P. Reid, Lo- renzo A. Strong, George W. Segur, Henry G. Segur, Cassius P. Shepard, Ashley D. Scott, George E. Stewart, William H. Stillman, Frank B. Sted- man, John S. Tennis, Ira D. Thorpe, Edmond Vaillant, Henry J. Virgil. Henry P. Wolcott. John W. Wheeler. Thomas Wall, Augustus W. Whit- timore. William R. Wall. Louis D. Wightman. William Ward, George H. Lang, Robert R. Papwurth, James Lang, Robert Lang. COMPANY D. John J. Wizeman, Captain. Jason Canfield, First Lieutnant. George W. Whitehead, Second Lieutenant. Alexander W. Davis (1st Sergt.). William Towner (Sergt.), Albert B. Smith (Sergt.), Horace S. Pettingill (Sergt.), Howard H. Merriam (Sergt.), Jacob P. Urban (Corp.), Xewell S. Cozad (Corp.), S. M. Davis (Corp. i, James A. Gibbon (Corp.), O. L. Gayette (Corp.), Carlos M. Sturtevant (Corp.), John L. Mcintosh (Corp.), John W. Gibbons (Corp. i, George W. Ansley, Samuel J. Baker, George Bell, William E. Bond, Frederick H. Bond, Gilbert H. Brayton, Charles C. Brown, Richard Chandler, William P. Chard, Frederick Crawford, Henry S. Call. Burton K. Cran- dall, Lewis H. Chavalia, Edwin R. Date, Owen Dean, Charles H. Den- zer, George E. Denzer, Charles DeWolf, Richard M. Dockstader, Win- fleUl S. Drake, William D. Dukes, George L. Englehart, Thomas Ester- brook, William H. Earnest, Leonard Finster, Frederick Foltz, William S. Foote, Edward F, Granger, Frederick C Haker, Garry L. Hardick, George Hester, James B. Higbee, Charles L. Hull, ti arris Jay nes, John Jacoby, Henry Krum, Alonz » Lac.v, Merrill W. Lang, John Lan- der, Edward Lewis, George H. Macey, Robert M. Murray, Smith A. Marvin, William Mottage, Jesse Nichols, Arthur Odell Edwin B. Par- rish, Edward L. Pettit, George W. Pettey, Alfred H. Powell, Lorenzo C. Powell. Frederick D. Pratt, Edward B. Rawson, Florance Reese, Hs-nry Rohrig, James W. Ross, James C. Ryan, James E. Ryder, Francis Rhinehart, Ernest L. Schinckel, Wilson \. Shannon, William P. Shep- ard, Henry R. Stegman, Charles E. Snyder, John J. Sebastian, Conrad Ulrich, Charles M. Vorce, Charles G. Wagner. Hobart M. Walker, Joseph S. Wier, Owen B. Wickham, Dudley B. Wick, Harmon J. Whaley, Charles J. Wibur, Jasper E. Williams, Edward O. Wolcott, John Williamson. COMPANY E. Joseph B. Molyneaux. Captain John G. Parsons, Second Lieutenant. Thomas A. Stow. Second Lieutenant. Patrick H. CarrcU (1st Sergt.) Judson M. Bishop (Sergt.), Thomas Whitehead (Sergt.), George E. Sanger i Sergt.), Michael Scaney (Corp.), George Young (Corp.), James Madigan, (Corp.), George Hopper (Corp.), William Denham (Corp.), Henry S. Page. (Corp.), George Bedford, (Corp.). Theodore B. Newcomb (Corp.), Daniel Ayer, Miles Beebe. Wil- liam H. Bush. Charles Brown, Louis Bodey, Erwin Brown, Caleb Billson- George Breymaier, George F. Chapman. John Coleman, William Con- nelly, Robert Congdon, William H. Date, Charles Dockstader, Andrew Duty, Richard H. Davies, Charles Drum, James Dickinson. James Dur- can, William W. Ellsworth, Samuel Evans, Joseph Fetger, Frederick Glaser, Henry Ganson, William J. Gleason, Henrj- A. Himt, Frederick Hempy, James Holly. John Hoffman. Fred. H. .'ones. Casper Kerner, Joseph Kreher, William Keller. Thomas B. Kelly, Thomas S. Lane, Frederick Lambert, Richard A. Milgate, John T. Miller. Alfred McClaim, Leander Mclntyne, John H. 5IcGuire, Russel Markler, William McBride. Alanson T. Osborn, Thomas A. Pearson, Harris Parker, Alfred H. Paine, Edwin L. Pettit, John 31. Rickey, Thomas H. Speddy, William F. Scot- ten. R. Freeman Thompson. Charles Tibbitts, George W. Tufts, John Wooldridge, Samuel White. William H. Wadsworth, Henry Walther George Warden, William Wilson, Edward J. Woodward, John Yarhous, George Johnson, John A. Norton. COMPANY F. Jeremiah Enswoi th. Captain. Edwin C. Rouse, First Lieutenant. Charles J. McDowell, Second Lieutenant. Frederick C. Farraud 1 1st Sergt.). Joshua B. Glenn (Sergt.), George, Spangler (Sergt. ),Chas. B. Fargo (Sergt.), Frederick Weidenkopf (Sergt.), Peter Diemer (Corp.), Henry W. Herwig (Corp.), Samuel P. Fox (Corp.), Sidney F. Dickerman (Corp.), George PoUyblankfCorp), Chas. P. Vaupel (Corp.), John Hart (C'oi-p.), Nicholas Weidenkopf (Corp.). John N. Stew- art, Otto Olker, Augustus A. Adams. Jr.. Thomas C. Bentley. Benjamin Britton. Frederick Buhne. John Boldy, Patrick Barrett, Johnson J. Bur- rows, James H, Bow-les, William Ctu-tis, Wilfred Creighton, Louis D. Clarke, George B. Christian, Jo.seph Conke.y, Charles H. Campbell, Henry 31. Dakin, Jlyron C. Douw, Henry Davis, Edwa d H. Frank, Saml X. Griffen, Wm. 31. Guy Edwin R. Guilford, Wm. A. Hopkins. Christian L. Henricle. Geo. W. Hobbs, George Holderman, Joseph Higleu, Albert Henry, George Johnson, Gustavus R. Janke, William H. Joyce, William H. Keller, 3Ioses Koch. Charles E. Kellogg. Hugh Lowry. Samuel Lock- wood. Elbridge J. JlcComber, William 3IcReynolds James 3IcKenzie, Samuel 3Ionteverdi, John A. Norton. James L. Newton, John Olker, Ivory Plaisted, Stephen B. Palmer. J. Porter Rogers. John J Ruedy, John T. Robinson. Iloyd R. Sullivan, William Sanderson, Martin B. Scott. Albert T. Slade. William Snyder, Caleb Turner, John C. Wiesman, August Wiesman, Martin L. Wright, 3Ioses G. Watterson, Frank Fair- banks. William A. Wire. Joseph Anderton, Alfred W. Fell. Frederick A. Skeels. 3IichaeI Williams, William Carman. COMPANY Q. W. R. Nevins, Captain. T. S. Lindsey, First Lieutenant. H. E. Chubb, Second Lieutenant. William Warmington (1st Sergt), Charles Purcell (Sergt.), William Redrup (Sergt.), 3Iartin House (Sergt.), W. L. Porter (Sergt.), Frank Weed (CoriJ.). George Kaighin (Corp.), William JIcNeil (Corp.), T. J. Lutz (Corp.). Isaac Ralph (Corp.), Robert Rhodes (Corp.), J. F. Allen (Corp.), Ira Sawtell (Corp.), Hoiace Allen. W. W. Alexander. O. P. Ackley. thas H. Bennett, Jacob Bennett, N. Bickford, C. Buckmaster, H. U. Bessett A. L. Beswick, J. C. Bixby. William Brooks. George Bell, John Crowl, George Cunningham, L. Cunningham. Wilbur Curtis, Edward Chubb, G. B. Carey, William Caldwell, W. K. Campbell, William Conn, Henry Davis. C. C. Edwards. J. B. Eastman, J. A. Eastman, A. B. French Louis Fisher, Samuel Folsom, J. N. Goulding, Henry George, William Hawthorn, H. A. Hicks. George Henry. A. Hastings. Frank Jones. Ed- ward Jenkins. A. Kidney. Charles Kaighin. David Lucas. T. C. Lambert. William More, H. C. Jlorse, William 3Iadison, O. 3Iayer, Samuel 3IcDou. gal, John 3Iartin, George Neville, W. P. Neeley, B. L. Pennington, S. E. Pennington, W. J. Pollock, A. Perrine, Frank Pennrich, J. Quellman, C. F. Spencer, Adam Schott, J. E. Stephens, Henry Skinner, H. W. Sackett, W. S. Thomas, Charles Tamblue, George Taylor, J. B. Updyke, D. Van Druver, Thomas Vickers, H. V. Wilson, C. H. WiUiams, A. P. Williams, A. R. Wilcox, H. H. Richardson, L. 31. Reise, D. Rosenkrans, J. H. Riskmeier, William Robbins, T. B. Conn, 3Villiam S. Chase. Plim- mon E. Bennett. COMPANY H. Samuel H. Baird, Captain. Frank Dutton. First Lieutenant. Edwin Dennison. Second Lieutenant. James 31. Gates (1st Sergt.), Mather J. Lownian (Sergt.), Charles G. Atwood (Sergt), William G. SIcNally (Sergt.), Dan'l T. Carpenter (Sergt.) THE ONE YEAR INFANTRY KE(;IMENTS. 153 Charles Lothman (Corp.), Daniel B. Andrews (Corp.), Israel B. Heller (Corp.). Wilfred H. Tinker (CoiT.), Stillman S. Scolt (Corp.). Ephraini Kloch (Corp.). William Button (Corp.), Oliver K. Brooks (Corp.), Jotham P. Abbott, John R. Armstrong, Allen T. Biiiistnade, Henrv Bohn, Chris- topher Borger. Charles R Butler, John R. Edwards, Myer Ehrlick, Alvin L. Emerson. William Ehrlick, James C. Ellis, George Fuller, Daniel Fowaigne. John H. Foote. William H. Ferriss, Harvey C. Gifford, George R Gale, Kelley N. Huston. Richard Horner. James C. Hall, John H. HcilTnieier, Frank Ingraham. Frank Kohn Thomas J. Kahoe. Sanford W. Lester John H. McGralh, Charles E. Merritt, James F Meredith, .Moses Marx. Edward N. Marx. John Messer. Charles C. Rogers. Jr.. Jonas Sloss, Jacob Schnurline, George R. Smith, Brutus E. Stockwell. Edgar C. Tinker. Robert Weisman, Michael M. Weiner, Elijah F. Young, George Zahn, Albert M. Parker, Darius S. Bowler, Wallace Baldwin, Hiram Chapman, Asa H. Chamberlain, Robert Carlysle, Almon Dewey, William B. Higby, Lorenzo Harris. John R. Hanford, Orrin Mills, Wil- liam J. McConoughey, Rollin R. Merrill, Frank Richards. Moses J. Richards, Abel W. Sawyer, Warner E. Smith, Alfred Stevens, Albert M. Smith, John F Thomson, Robert Tlionison. S. N. Wilson, Austin Church, Solomon H. Gleason, Chester Hill. Frederick H. Dunham, Elijah Sorter, George Strong, Vincent A. Taylor, Carlos M. stone COMPANY I. Edwin Farr, Captain. Jonas F. Rice. Fii-st Lieutenant. John G. Fitch, Second Lieutenant. Harvey Richardson (Corp.), Eli S. Martick (Corp ). Richarad Carpen- teriCor]).), .lames E. Parker (Corp. ), CharlesD. Knapp(Corp.), Joseph Banimer, George W. Carpenter. Herbert Fitch, Philip Finley. Herbert O. Kennedy, George W. Kennedy, Erastus Lilley, David Lewis, Robert Lattimer, Roswell McKenzie, Herbert S. Nelson, John Perkins, Cassius Stearns, Oscar D. Stearns, Asher Stearns. Henrj- E. Stearns. Comfort B. Taylor, Bloomer D. Underbill, i. harles L. Underbill, Albert Wright, Wm. Noble, Henry A. Ross, James P. Rice (1st Sergt. ), Junius Sperry (Sergt.), Daniel A. Brown iSergt.). Marvin O. Taylor (Sergt.). Charles I»oan (Corp.\ Charles G. Atwell, Lester Alexander, Chaimcey Alexan- der, Alex. Sorter, John S. Barker, Matthew Berry, Charles C. Bell, John M. Cooley, Thomas Clayne, Hiram W. Colton, Benjamin Chap- liell, John Colahan, Newell Ford. Lorenzo E. Frost, John Hawkins, Z. S. Hall, Reuben Hall, Harvey Knapp. Myron Kellogg, John Kirk, Edson H. McCarty. Philip Phillips. Oscar N. Parsons, James ('. Porter, James P. Reed, Amos Sperry, Hiram Smith. Jr , Joseph Stocking. Jr., George Standen, .ioseph Schillinger, Orpheus Smith. Frederick Tuttle. Clark Williams. Thomas Williams, Joseph White. Alfred Wolf, lames A. I'otter (Sergt.), Edwin ^lartiek (Corp.), William Andrews, Heze- kiah Dailey, Henry Y. Southworth, Martin Sawyer, William T. Sprague- Henry Steele, Daniel Winslow. ONE HUNDRED AXI) SIXTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. COVPiNT B. Charles F. Lee, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 9, 1864. Benjamin Worthington, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY F. Cyrus Arnett, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. !), 1864. Charles E. Burr, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles T. Brown, enl. May 2. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James N. Burdue. enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William C Davis, enl. .May 2, 18t>4. Mustered out with the Co. Carlos Norton, enl. .May i. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. ('II APT EH XXXI. THE ONE rEAH INFANTRY REGIMENTS. When and why they were raised— Their Previous Services One Hun- dred and Seventy-seventh Infantry— In Teunes-see— A Fight before Murfreesboro -Charging a Battery— Services in North Carolina— Home — Its Cuyahoga Men— One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Infantry— At Murfreesboro. Tullahamo and Nashville — Discharged— The Cuya- hoga .Members— One Hundred and Ninety third Infantry— In the Shen andoah Valley— Selected as Provost (iuard —Disbanded — The Men from t'uyah'>ga— One Hundred and Ninety-fonrth Infantry— In Vir- ginia In Garrison at Washington-Mustered out in October- The Cuy ahoga List— One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Infantry— .4t Han)er's Ferry and Winchester— On Provost Duty at Alexandria— Mustered out —Its Cuyahoga List— Men of the One Hundied and Ninety-sixth In- fantry—The One Hundred and Ninety -seventh the Last Regiment in the Field— Assigned to Ninth Army Corps— On Duty at Washington. Dover and Baltimore- Mustered out— The Cuyahoga Men— The One Hun- dred and Ninetyeighth—Incomplete— Disbanded and Sent Home— The Cuyalioga List. DuRiXG the autumn of 1804 and the following winter there wa.s great need of men to rcphice tho.-*e lost by bullets, disease and other casualties of war, yet the National authorities felt sure that with persis- tent efiort tlie already tottering confederacy could be overturned within a year. They therefore did what they had not before done, authorized the raising of regiments to serve for one year, to aid in giving the final blow to the slaveholder's rebellion. Twenty-six such regiments numbered from One Hundred and Seventy-three to One Hundred and Ninety-eighth in- clusive, were raised in Ohio alone. Nine of these contained representatives from Cuyahoga county, whose records are given in this chapter. A large pro- portion of the men and almost all of the officers iiad served in other organizations, so that the regiments, though new, were by no means "green," but able to play their part with credit from the very first. OXE HUXIiRED AND SEVENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Seventy-seventh was organ- ized at Cleveland in October, 1864, for one year's service, and included three hundred and fifty-one Cuyahoga-connty men. On reporting to Major Gen- eral Thomas at Nashville, the regiment was ordered to Tullahoma, where it did garrison duty until Hood's invasion, and then marched to Murfreesboro reach- ing that place on the 2iid of December. In an en- gagement with the Rebels before Murfreesboro on the 7th of that month the One Hundred and Seventy- seventh displayed the utmost readiness for the con- flict, and was for a brief period sharply engaged; Milroy"s command, of wliich it was a part, charging the rebels behind breastworks, driving them away and capturing two pieces of artillery. A few days after- wards, while on a foraging expedition the regiment charged a rebel battery and compelled it to retreat; having, itself, eleven men killed and wounded. After Hood was driven from Tennessee, the One Hundred and Seventy-seventh was ordered to Wash- ington, and was thence transported to Fort Fisher, N. C, where it arrived on the Tth of February, 1865. Subsequently the regiment participated in two attacks upon the enemy's works and was engaged in the flank movement which forced the rebels to evacute Fort Anderson. It also fought the enemy at Twin Creek and captured the entire command. Leaving Wilming- ton after the surrender of that place, it joined Sher- man at Goldsboro, and after the capture of Johnston proceeded to Clevelnnd, where it was discharged on the Tth of .July. ISH't. MK.MHKUS FROM CI Y.MIDtiA (OUXTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Arthur T. Wilcox, enr. as Col. Sept. 23, 1864. JIustered out with the Reg June 24. I8cB. W. H. Zimmerman, enr. as Lieut. Col. Sept. 23, 1864. Clustered out with the Co. Ernest J. Kraeger, enr. as Jlajor Sept. 23. 1864. Mustered out with Reg. George C. Ketchnin, enr. as Adjt. Sept. 27, 1864. Resigned May 20, 1865. George B. Huston, enr. as 2d Lieut. Co B. Sept. 7. 1884 Promoted to 1st Lieut, in Co. C, Jan. 28, 1868; and to Adjt. May 21. 1865. Clustered out June 24. 1865. James w Raymond, enr. as R. Q. M. Sept. 7, 1884. Detached as A. A. Q. M. upon Gen. Milroys StalT Dec. 19, 1864. 154 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Sylvester S. Burrows, enr. as Surgeon Sept. 20, 1804. Mustered out with the Reg. Richard Edwards, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 20, IStH. Mustered out with the Reg. W. A. Bivans, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 20, 1864. Resigned Nov. .30, 1864. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Erasmus B. Abt, enl. Aug. 18. 18B4. Prom, to Hosp. Steward April 1, 1865. .Mustered out with the Reg. Herman G. Norton, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 21, 1864. Prom, to Sergt. Major Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. William E. Edwards, em', as Sergt. Co. A Aug. 13, 1864. Prom, to Com. Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. James W. Wheelock, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 26. 1864. Prom, to Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Jacob Markt. enr. as Fiter Sept. 8. 1864. Prom, to Chief Musician Oct, 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. William C. Turner, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 16, ISM. Promoted to Capt. Sept. ~, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24. 1865. Henry J. Virgil, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co, June 24, 1865. Albeit J. Hamilton, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 19. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Arthur DeLair, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Hugh A. Rowland, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Promoted t, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Charles P. Nash, enl. Sept. li, 18ii4. JIustered out July 1, 1865. John J. Rounds, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Rugg, enl . Aug. 29, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. William B. Sickles, enl. .\iig. 31, 1864. Mustered out June 2, 1865. Daniel Shuliert. enl. Sept. 3, 18M. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph L. Sherman, enl, Sept. 6, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Jeremiah Smith, enl, Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. July ", I_865. Emanuel (Smith, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Hiram H. Thompson, enl. Aug. .30, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Jabez S. Tompkins, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Disch. June 20, 1865. Conrad Wege, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Joseph JVeis, enl. Aug. 22, 18i>4. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Wolgamot, enl. Sept. H, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Yax, enl. Aug. 30. lHti4, JIustered out with the Co. Hiram Beebe, enl. Sept. 12, 18W. JIustered out with the Co. JIarion Coggswell, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Died at Camp Denoison, O., Jan. 27, 1863. " .lonathan Reames. enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, Feb. 23, 1H65. .\lbert Hawkins, enl. Aug. 23 1864. Disch. for disability April 4, 1865. Thomas Smith, enl. Aug. 26, ISM. Disch. for disability May 11, 18ia. Joshua P. Todd. enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Disch. for disabiUty June 12, 1865. Erasmus B. .\bt. (See Non-com. Staff.) William Jenkins, eul. Oct. 3. 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 18ist Reg., June 15, W>b. JIustered out July 14, 1K65. Jacob JIarkt. (See Non-com. Staff.) Jacob G. Orth, enl. Oct. 5. 1S61. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg,, June 15, I8i;5. JIustered out July 14, 18ii3. Horace Upson, enr. as Drummer Aug. 12, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 1.5, 1865. JIustered out July 14, 1865. James W. Wheelock. (See Non-com. Staff.) Clark Decker, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 7. 1865. COJIPAXY c. Daniel Matthews, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, lSli.i, Walter J. Nelson, eul. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out w;tb the Co. COMPASY D. Franklin H. Carr, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, IHIi"). ,Jeremiah C. Moulton, enl, Sept. 1.5, 1H64. JIustered out with the Co. Peter Ryan, enl. Sept. 13, 1M64. Disch, for disability April 4, 1865. COMPANY E. Sherwood \Vilco.\, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24. 1865. Joseph L. Oviatt. enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 28, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. Jlay 3, 1865. Farrington Case, er r. as Corp. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George L. Andiews, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Jlorris Blodgett, enl. Aug, 29, 1864. Disch. July 6, 1863. Frank D. Bailey, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Emory Case. enl. Sept, 7, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Oliver E. iJewey, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ferris C. Hull, eul. Aug. 29, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Monroe Freeman, enl. Sept, 1, 1864. Disch. June 22, 1865. Clinton B. Heather, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Spofford Heather, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Musrered out with the Co. Henry Holcomb, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Frank Jones, eul. Sept. 5, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Henry Livingston, enl. Aug. 29, 1-64. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick JIcNamara, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Martin, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out w-ith the Co, Lyman Oviatt, enl, Aug, 29, 1864, JIusiered out with the Co, Edwin Powers, enl, .\ug, 29. 1864, JIustered out with the Co. .Martin Perrisville, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. JIustered out with the (^o. Thomas L. Starkweather, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. JIustered out with the Co, James H. Ackley, enl. Sept, 13, 1864, Died at Smithvilie, N, C, Feb. 25, 1865. William H. Reutter, enl. Sept, 1, 1864. Died at Camp Dennison, , April 39. 1865. COMPANY F, Delos Elliott, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Feb. 1, 186.5. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Frank O. Richards, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 7, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Henry A. HoUister, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1864. Disch. June 9, 1863. Henry C. Eckert, enr. as Sergt Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Addison A. Root, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Roderick JlcCormick. enr. as Corp. Sept. 17, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas C. Bentley, enl. Sept, 10, l^l Pr,)moted to Corp. Feb. I, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Emmons J. Godfrey, enl. Sept. 3, 1864, Promoted to Corp, June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William B. Jliner, enr. as Corp. Sept. 3, 1884. Mustered out with the Co. Asahel Chamberlain, enr. as Corp. Sept. 10, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Edward T. Hayes, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac T. Ralph, enr. as Corp. Sept. 22, 1884. Mustered out with the Co. Luther M, HoUoway, enr. as Corp. Sept. 13. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frank H. Deane, enr. as JIusician Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Alphonso Brook, enl. Sept. 9, 1S64. Mustered out with the Co. Alvin E. Becker, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Bryan, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Joseph Dillory, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. George W. Dancer, enl . Sept. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William Earle, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. JIustered out with the Co, Lewis Fisher, enl. Sept, 23. 1864, JIustered out with the Co. James Grogan, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. June 13, 1865. Hugh Gray, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Henry A. Grubb, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. May 29, 1865. Russell E. Griswold, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Disch, July 13, 1.865. Simon Green, enl. Sept. 12. 1864. Mustered out with the (!o. Clark C. Griffen, enl. Sept. 7. 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Theophilus Glasser, enl. Sept. 10, 18f>4. JIustered out with the Co. John Hudson, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Jacob Hofmeister, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Joseph K. Harris, eul. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Julius Hoskins, enl. Aug. 35, 1864. Hammond Hellmer, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Harris L. Jefts. enl. Sept. 2:i, 1864. James F. Knight, enl. Sept. 20, 1864. Shubal S, Marsh, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Robert JIaxwell, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch. June 1, 1865. Alfred H. JlcClarin, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. John JIcLauglilin, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. JIustered out with the Co, Isaac Onterkirk. enl. Aug. 31. 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Abraham Olcott, enl. Sept. 3, 18M. Disch. June 19, 1865, David Peters, enl. Sept, 16, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865. Charles H. Ranney, enl. Sept, 21, 184. John Cackler, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Charles A. Churchill, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Louis B. Clark, enl. Sept. -3, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865. Aimer H. Colvin, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Clustered out with the Co. Simon Cay, enl. Sept. 5, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. George Dalks, enl. Sept. 1, ISW. Mustered out with the Co. Harvey E. Dustin, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Louis Gillespie, enl. Sept. 9, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Gilbert, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. JIusteredout with the Co. Absalom O. Halliwell. enl. Aug. 29. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John D. Hall, enl. Aug. 27. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. .Ubert R. Hewitt, enl. Aug. 27. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Hogan. enl. .\ug. 29, 1S64. Edmund Jenkins, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Chipman R. Johnson, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. Joseph P. Johnson, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Orris P. Lamb, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Mann, enl. Sept. 28. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Orrin Jlarkham, enl. Sept. 5. 1864. :Mustered out with the Co. Lester Robinson, enl. Sept. 30. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Christian Treep. enl. Sept. 6. 1864. Disch. July 5. 1865. George C. Blackwood, enl. Oct. 9. 1.804. Disch. May 211, 1865. COMPANY 1. George B. Squires, enr. as ad Lieut. July 30, 1864. Promoted to Capt. Oct. 3, 18»!4. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Theodore B. Wise, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sep-. 10, 1864. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Oct. 8, ISW. Mustered out with the Co. Silas H. Kent, enr. as 2d Lient. .\ug. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Bailey, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Henry Strachle, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Edwin H. Ricbman, enr. as Corp. Sept. 12, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Romanus Binkley, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Julius Boday. enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Boday. enl. Sept. 13. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John T. Brown, enl. Sept. 2. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Melancton Binkley. enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Hugh Boyd, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David Cohensparger, enl. Sept. 27, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. William H. Faulktier, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Washineton Hoffman, enl. Sept. 14, ls64. John Hartwell, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Irwin, enl. Sept. 27, 1864. Almon Louden, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel M. Lutes, enl. Sept. 17. 1864. Disch. May 30. 1865. Charles M. Lemengon. enl. Sept. 1. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Elliott T. Mellin, enl. Sept. 13. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Homer Overmine, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ansel Pomeroy, enl. Sept. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frederic Shovar, enl. Sept. 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. .\ustin Tuttle, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Wilson, enl. Sept. 21, 1864 Mustered out with the Co. Martin V. Faux, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Transf. to 181st Reg., Co. A. June 15, 1865. Mustered out July 14. 1865. Luther Morton, enl. Oct. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. March 18, 1865. Transf. to ISlstReg, Co A, Junel5. 1865. Mustered out July 14. 1865. Charles W. Batchelder, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1863. Jerry Belcher, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jnstus J. Brockett, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. JIustered out with theCo. Cloyd Hull, enl. Sept. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Mattocks, enl. Sept, 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Horace Rockwell, enl. Sept. 21. 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Joseph Gillmore. enl. Sept. 7, 1864 Died at Wilmington, N. C, March 7, 1865. Alfred C. Hartson, enl. Sept. 19, 1864. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 31, 1865, ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH IXFAXTKY. The One Hundred and Eighty-eighth wa.* organ- ized at Camp Chase, liaviiigbeen recruited during the previous winter, on the 4th of March, 1805. for the term of one year. It contained one hundred and ninety-two Cuyahoga county men. It reached Xasli- ville on the 0th of March, when it was ordered to Murfreesboro, whence, after a two months' stay, it proceeded to Tullahoma. After a two months" so- journ at Tulhilioma. the regiment was ordered to Nashville, where it remained until its muster out on the 21st of September. It reached Camp Chase on the 24th, and on the 28th was paid and discharged, MKMBEKS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. NON-COSIMISSrONED STAFF. Perry C. Taylor, enl. Feb. 2-3, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Jlaj. July 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865. Daniel W. Zehner. enl. Feb. 27. 1865. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. July 1, 1865. JIustered out Sept. 21, 1865. COMPANY B. John H. McGrath, enr. as Capt. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 21, 1865. George E. Sanger, enr. as 1st Lieut. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Ransom D. Burton, enr. as 1st. Sergt. March 4, 1865, Promoted to 2i)d Lieut. July 15, l.%5. Mustered out with the Co. John T. Miller, enr. as Corp. Feb. 4, 1865. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James McLaughlin, eul. Feb. 15, 186.5. Promoted to Sergt Mustered out with the Co. Alonzo B. Stroud, enl. Feb. 9, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Tibbitts, enl. Jan 10, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 186,5. Mustered out with the Co. David D. Towner, enl. Feb. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore Moore, enr. as Corp. Feb. 15, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Moses W. Bailey, enr. as Corp. Feb. 21, 18(35. Mustered out with the Co. James C. Palmer, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Thomas C. Richmond, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Promoted to Coip. Aug. 1, 1865. JIustered out with the Co John Perchek, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1803. JIus- tered out with the Co. William W. Salisbury, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Stephen S. Parr. enl. Feb. 23, 1665. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865. Disch. Sept. 7, 1865. rilK ONE YEAH IXFANTKY REGLMEN'I'S. 157 John Ackemian. enl. Feb. 10. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. .\sa A. .\IcGue. enl. , Ian. 13. 1865. Musteied out with the Co. Henry Null, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Nicholas Xeigler, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. .\dam Ott. enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John H. Parr, enl. Feb. 23. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Fletcher, enl. Jan. 14, in;5. Mustered out with the Co. .lames H. Paige, enl. Feb 20, 1S65. Jlustered out with the Co. Benj. F. Richmond, enl. Feb. 15. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Isaac X. Reid. enl. Feb. 20. 1865. JIusiered out with the Co. Cieorge Ray. enl Feb. 20. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. .lohii Shea. enl. Feb. 23, 18i5. Jlustered out with the Co. Jacob Schood. enl. Feb, 22. 1H(J5. Mustered out with the Co. William Tropplett. enl. Feb. 22, l.^i.^. Jlustered out with the Co. A. D. Thomas, enl. Feb. 20, 18(B. Jlustered out with the Co. ,lohu B. Ulter, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Disch. Sept. 4, 18ti5. Philip Wellyard. enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Charles Weick, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. George W. Wright, enl, Feb. 21. 1865. Disch. Sept. 4. 1865. .Vlbert Wynkoop. enl. Feb. 21. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Joseph Weeks, enl. Feb. 2. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co Edward Williams, enl. Feb. 7. 1*65. Jlustered out with the Co. George Green, enl. Feb. 6. 1865. Hied at Louisville. Ky., Jlarch 22. 1865. Alanson Palmer, eul. Feb. 14, 186.i. Died at Nashville. Tenn., Jlarch 23, I,S65. -Vlexander Paterson, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Died at JIurfreesboro, Tenn , April 19, 1865. Warren L. Judd, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Died at JIurfreesboro, Tenn , June in, 1865. .Vndrew W. Duty. enl. Feb. 6. '.865. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Jiinathan R. Chaffee, enl. Feb. 20. 1865. Disch. fordisability Jlay 2.3, 1865. Henry E, Phile, enl. Feb. 18, lSfi5. Pisch. June 8, 1865. Charles Brown, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Disch. July 14, 1865. Ezekiel Y. Flowers, enl Feb. 26, 1865. Disch. Aug. 31, 1865. COMPANY E. Ale.vander Jlclntosta. enr. as 2il Lieut. Jan. 6, 1865. Promoted to Capt Jlai'ch 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 21, 1865. Charles W. Baxter, enr. as 2 J Lieut. Jlarch 3. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Charles Scott, enr. as 1st Sergt. Jan. 17, 1S65. Jlustered out with the Co. William J. Pollock, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 13, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Edwin W. Phinney. enr. as Sergt. Jan. 84. 1865. Disch. Sept. 4. 1865. Henry L. Blair, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 18«. Promoted 10 Sergt. July 1, 1865. Disch. Sept. 3, 1865. Klisha Frayer. enl. Feh. 20, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. I. 1865. Jlus- tered out with the Co. William Jlarshal. enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. Sept. 36, 1865. .\lanson Husony, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13. 1865. Mustered out with the Co F. G. Minor, enr. as Corp. Feb. I", 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. (ieorge Odell, enr. as Corp. Feb. 15. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. 20 a Verneuil Minor, enr. as Corp. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Louis .\nderson. enl. Feb. 17. 1865. Disch. Sept. 4. 1865. John Ambs. enl. Feb. 16. 1865. Jlustered out with the C >. John Beswick. enl. Feb. 17. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Francis W. Bradley, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Cornwall N. Brill, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out wit • the Co. Daniel Cullour, enl. Feb 27, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Henry Dodsworth, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. John G. Dorsh, enl. Feb, 13. 1865. Disch. Oct. 17, I.S65. Joseph Davis, enl. Feb. 15. 1863. Jlustered out with the Co. George H. Everett, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George B. Foster, enl. Feb. 24. 1805. Jlustered out with the Co. Stewart Gajiord, enl. Feb. 21, 1.S65. Jlustered out with the Co. Giles Gregory, enl. Feb. 13 18li5. Jlustered out Sept. 13, 1865. Warren Hende shot, enl. Feb 13. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Casper Hummell, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. George L. Hudson, enl. Feb. 4, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. William JI. Houck, enl. Feh. 13. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. William Hartman, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Jlustered out Sept. 13, 1865. .loseph W. Kirby, enl. Feb. 13, 1865 Jlustered out with the Co. Conrad Litzell. enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Thomas G Jlorgan. enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Andrew JIcGrun. enl. Feb. 6. 1865. Jlustered outwMththe Co. Charles Ruple. enl. Feb. 17. 1865, Jlustered out with the Co George Spangler, enl. Jan. 2-3, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Frederick Stephens, enl. Jan. 13. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Anthony Smith^enl. Feb. 17, 1863. Jlustered out with the Co. James Felling eul , Feb. 14, 1863. JIust»red cut with the Co. John Valentine, enl. Feb. 14, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. G. Waters, enl Feb. 14, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Jacob Wolf, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Orlando B. Welch, enl. Feb. 16. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward G. Beswick. enl. Feb. 15. 1865. Died at JIurfreesboro, Tenn., April 6. 1.865. John JI. Beswick. enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Died at Nashville, Tenn., June 21, 1865. Samuel Pinker, enl. Feb. 20, 1863. liied at JIurfreesboro, May 10, 1865, Sidney Western, enl. Feb. 14. 1865. Died at Tullahoma, Tenn., May 21, 1865. Asa C. Adams, enl. Feb. 20. 1865. Disch. Aug. 18, 1865. Patrick Burk, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Disch. July 14, 1863. Amos Clark, enl. Feb. 16. 1865. Disch. July 22. 186.5. Porter Greenfield, eul. Feb. 15. 1865. Disch. Jlay 22, 1865. James H. Husony. enl. Feb. 1-3. 186.3. Disch July 12, 1865. Reuben JlcClellan, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Disch. July IS, 1865. Lawrence Pfister enl. Feb. 13. 1865. Disch. Ang. 22, 1865. William Quayle. enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Disch. July 4. 1865. John W. Ridgeman,.enl. Feb. 15. 1865. Disch. Jlay 22. 1865. Harvey Ruple. enl. Feb. 15. 1865 Disch. Jlay 16, 1865. Dudley Ruple. enl. Feb. 17, 18tS. Disch. July 22, 1865. William T. Wheeler, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Disch. Jlay 22, 1865. Perry C, Taylor. (See Non-Corn. StafT.) James JlcJIahan. eid. Feb, 6, 1-65. Disch. Aug. 21, 1865. COMPANY (i. John F. Kennedy, enr. as 2d Lieut. Jan. 5, 1865. Promoted to Capt. Jlarch 4, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Sept. 21, 1865. George W. Voice, enr. as 1st Lieut. Jlarch 4, 1865. Resigned June 13, 1863, Andrew W. Duty. enl. Feb 6. 1865. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Jlarch .3, 1-^65. and to 1st Lieut. Co. G. July 13. 1865. Jlustered out Sept. 2i> 18l». Sidney F. Sinclair, enr. as 2d Lieut. Jlarch 4. 1865. Died at JIurfrees- b.)ro, Tenn., April 2. 1865. John T. Zenner, enr. as 1st Sergt. Jlarch 4. 1865. Prom- ted to 2d Lieut. July 1, 1865 Jlustered out with the Co. George King, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 26, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mus- tered out with the Co. .Andrew Rick, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Jacob Jlarks, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Promoted to Sei-gt. July 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Jacob Fraelier. eul. Feb. 17, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. July I, ISia. Mus- tered out with the Co. Henry E. Bohm, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13. 1.8(i5. Jlustered out with the Co. James Dixon, enr. as Corp. .lau. 26. 1863. Jlustered out with the Co. Charles R. Sinborn. enr. as Corp. Feb. 21. 1863. Mustered out with Co. .Alexander Graham, enr. as Corp. Feb. 8, 18'i3. .Mustered out with Co, Henry Rohrig, enl. Feb. 8, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Thomas Bradbeer, eul. Feb. 9, ISijo. Jlustered out with the Co. Henry C. Breckeuridge, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. George Bell. enl. Jan. 2.3. 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Samuel Bickfor5. Mustered ont with the Co. Rufus Foster, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Clustered out with the Co. William Fermenger, enl. Feb. 10. 1865. Mustered out nith the Co. John Gehringer. enl. Jan. 11. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Calvin Gaines, enl. Feb. 6, 18(». Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Gillespie, enl. Feb. 1", 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Christian Hahn, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Harrington, enl. Jan. 18. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Hotrichter. enl. Jan. 28. 1865 Mustered out with the Co. Thomas J. Jacobs, enl. Feb. T. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles VT. Lyman, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Heury D. Leonard, enl. Feb. T, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Lane. enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Allen Morrison, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Disch. Sept. 5. 1865. William Myer. enl. Jan. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Ottinger, enl. Feb. 10. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Raquctt. enl. Jan. 25. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Sehrauer. enl. Jan. 20. Ir^j. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Side, enl. Feb. 25. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles P. Smith, enl. Feb. 2. 1.865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Wright, enl. Jan. IT. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Wenner. eul. Jan. 31. 1865. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865. Isaac A. Tiffany, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Died at Nashville, Tenn.. March 20, 1^65. Joseph X. Brown, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Died at Xashvil.e, July 29, 1865. Philip J. Probeck, enl. Feb. 11. 1865. Disch. for disability May 13. 1S65. Charles Vradenburg, eul. Feb. 1-5. 1865. Disch. for disability, May 23, 1865. Hiram Bump. enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Disch. for disability Aug. 22 1865 Michael Richardson, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Disch. for disability Aug 22 1865. John G. Edson, enl. Feb. 21, 186.5. Disch. for disability June 19. 1865. Daniel W. Zehner. (See Non-Com. Staff.) COMPANY I John H. Hoffmeier. enr. as 2nd Lieut. March 4, 1865. Resigned June 23 1865. OXE HIXDRED AXD EIGHTV-XIX'TH IX-FAX-TRY. COIIPANT F. John B. Heckler, enl. Jan. 16, 1865. Promoted to Corp. May 17, 1865 Mustered out with the Co., Sept. 28, 1865. Frederick Wlzeman. enl. Jan. 13. 1865. Promoted to Corp. May 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Wilbor. enl. Feb. 27. 1865. Promoted to Corp. June 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jtatthew Wilbor. enl. Feb. 24. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Gallagher, enl. Feb. 26, 1865. Disch. from Hosp. July 13, 1865. OX-E HUXPRED AXD XIXETY-THIRD IXFAXTRY. But sixty-uine men eiitered the One Hnudred aud Ninety-third from Cuyahoga county. The reo-imeut was organized at Camp Chase in March, 1865, for one year's service, and departed at once for the Shenan- doah valley. After reaching Charlestowu, near Har- per's Ferry, it was organized with other regiments into a brigade and inarched up the vallev to Win- chester, where it remained until after the surrender of the Rebel forces. General Sickles complimented the drill of the One Hundred and Xiuety-third bv select- ing it for provost-guard duty at Winchester in which service it continued until mustered out. After that it proceeded at once to Camp Chase, where it was dis- charged ou the 9th of August, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CCYAHOGA COUXTY. COMPANY 1. William C. Neagle, enr. as 1st Sergt. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 4, 1865. John C. Watson, enl. Jan. 18, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. March 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George C. Morris, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. March 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co Benjamin Langell, enl. Jan. 17, 1.865. Promoted to Sergt. March 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles H. Bull, enl. Feb. 11. 1865. Promoted to Corp. March 12. 1865, and to Sergt. May 20. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Wilhams, enr. as Corp. Feb. 26, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Benjamin Britton, enr. as Corp. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James M .Gregor, enr. as Corp. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Cornehus Minahan. enr. as Corp. March. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Lorenzo W. Twitchell, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Promoted to Corp. May 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Roadliouse, enl. March 4, 1865. Promoted to Corp. May 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Aiken, enl. March 4. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Rody Anst. enl. Feb. 18, 1.865. Mustered out with the Co. James Bennett, enl. Feb. 15. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Warren Ball, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George H. Beardsley, enl. Feb. 21. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Colyer. enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Cumnungs, enl. Feb. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Robert H. Carlysle, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Amzi J. Day. enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Eilar. enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Eaton, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John G. Goetz. enl. Feb. 2.5. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Gray, enl. Feb. 25. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James H. Green, enl. March 4, 1865. Mustered out with Co. James T. Hastin s, enl. Feb. 15. 18ii5. Mustered out with the Co. James Hemler, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Hardy, enl. Feb. 2ti, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Halligan. enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James A. Haymaker, enl. Jan. 13, 1.865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Hopkins, enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Hagerliug, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Jenkins, eul. Feb. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Jenkins, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Gottlieb Kaber. enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Keneley. enl. March 7. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Benjamin T. Love. enl. March 2. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Warren Morris, enl. Feb. 13, 1.865. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Maule. enl. Feb. 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Morgan, enl. Jan. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas Meyer, eul. March 2. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William McKane, eul. Feb. 28, 1865. Absent sick at the muster out. Robert McCormiek, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John McKenna. eul. iiarch 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles L. Oberley, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Pierce, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Musteied out with the Co. John Perew, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick H. Quinn, enl. Feb. 28 1865. Mustered out with the Co. D. Rosekraus, enl. Maich 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Solomon Rhinehart. enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas Reis, enl. Feb. IS. 1865 Mustered out with the Co. Johnson Russell, enl. Feb. 16. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Strong, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sebastian H. Snoball, eul. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Sherman, enl. Feb. 16. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frederic C. Senghas. enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Eugene D. Smith, enl. Feb. 27. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Sweeney, enl. Feb. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Turner, enl. Jan. 24. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William K. Thompson, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henrr Wagner, eul. Feb. 20. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Hadley, enl. Feb. 20, 185. Frank H. Burnham, enr. as 1st gergt. .Ian. 18. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Oct. 34. l!-63. James Amott, enr. as Sergt. Feb. ID. ISfi.'). JIustered out with the Co. Geoi'ge Keisen. enr. as Ser^t, Feb. 37, 186.5. Mustered out with the Co. John Nolan, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Abram Peruie. enr. as Corp. Feb. 10. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Roswell McKinzie, enr. as Corp. Feb. Vi, LfGo. Mustered out with the Co. Charles K. Wells, enr. as Corp. Feb. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Wheeler, enl. Feb. 30, 1863. Pi-omoted to Corp. .July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John J. Wright, enl. Feb. 10, l.^S. Promoted to Corp. July 13, IsiiS. Mustered out with tlie Co. Henry Neet, enl. March 1, 1S65. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. David G. Bigelow, enl. Fel). 14. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Beardling. enl. Feb. 31. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Brady, enl. Feb. 37. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Boah. enl. Feb. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Cummings, enl. Feb. 18, 1«65. Mustered out with the Co. John Chambers, enl. Feb. 13. l.-ieS. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Cochran, enl. Feb. 14, 1865, JIustered out with the Co. Gottfried Grim, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. John Graif, enl. Feb. 33, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Hollinger, enl. Jan. 31, lSii5. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Herbert, enl. Feb. 28. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Philip Hoch. enl. Feb. 25. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Kahl. eid. Feb. 3S, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Philip Kuntz. enl. Feb. 38. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Kindiey. enl. Feb. 13, 1864. JIustered out with the Co. Jacob Kallakey, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William G. Matthews, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Nicholas Jlilliman. enl. Jan, 17. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Jacob Jleyer, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Jacob Jlyei-s. enl. Feb. 35. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. John S. Xaef, enl. JIarch 1, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. George H. Pettingill, enl. Feb. 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Pitkin, enl. Feb. 6. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Albert Rodiir. enl. JIarch 3, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Gottlieb Roth. enl. .Ian. Hi. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Morris Schneider, enl. Feb. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Schwab, enl. Feb. 33, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Patrick Schocency. enl. Jan. 33, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Conrad Wagner, enl. Feb. 31, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. John Boyer, enl. Feb. 31, I.''65. Disch. May 18. 1865. John Nickel, enl. Feb. 18. 1H)m. Disch. June 33, 1S65. George Stokes, enl. Feb. 13. ixw. Disch. Jlay 16. 1863. JIanly Cole, enl. March 1, Wio. Disch, from Hosp. JIarch 14, 1865. Paul Perry, enl. Feb. 5, 1865. Left in Hospital at Cumberland. JId., July 16. 1S65. Charles Daly, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Disch. May 33. 1S65. Daniel Schwab, enl. Feb. 33, 1865. Disch. May 19, 1865. JIartin Thompson, enl. Feb. 33, 1865. Disch. Jlay 33, 1865. Cordan Cherry, enl. Feb. 34, 1.865. Disch. Jlay 33, 1865. Chauncey E. Bryce, enl. JIarch 1, 1885. Died at Harper's Ferry July 35. George W. Hurd. enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. Jlay 3». 186j ONE HrXDKKK AND NIXETV-FIFTU IXFANTRV. TIlis regiment wa- recruited in Marcli. 18G5, for a .■service of one year, and had forty-four Cuyahoga- county men in its ranks. Leaving Camp Chase di- rectly after its organization, the One Hundred and Xinety-fifth readied Harper's Ferry on the 25th of March, aiul. after doing garrison duty at that point a few day.-, went into camp at Winchester. Va. After Lee's surrender the regiment was ordered to Alexan- dria, and there did provost-guard duty until the mus- ter-out at Washington in December, 1805. MEJIHEKS KKOJI ( LVAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Charles H. Babcock. enr. as 1st Lieut, and Q. JI. March 30, 1865. JIus- tered out with the Reg. Dec. 18. 1865. COMPANY K. Edwd:d Vaillant. enr. as Capt. March 30, iSfi3. JIustered out with the Co. Andrew J. Hering, enr. as3nd Lieut. Jlnrch 30, 1865. Resigned Nov. 3, 1.863. Henry Gayer, enr. as Sergt. March 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 18, 1863. Joseph Conkey, enr. as Sergt. JIarch 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Nathaniel G. Foster, enr. as Sergt. JIarch. 7. 186.5. Mustered out with the Co. James D. Chapman, enr. as Sergt. JIarch 4, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Jlonroe D. Thomas, enr. as Corp. March 6. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. George Jlontague. enr. as Corp. JIarch 9, 1865. Died Dec, 1863. James C. Ryan, enr. as Corp. JIarch 6, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Jacob A. Jliller, enr. as Corp. JIarch 7, 1865. Absent at time of muster out. Charles ,Cook, enr. as Corp. JIarch 7, 1865. Absent at time of mus- ter-out. Cieorge Asken, enl. JIarch 6, lHi;5. JIustered out with the Co. Jlichael Behan, enl. JIarch 7. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. John J. Babbitt, enl. March 3, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Lester C. Beardsley, enl. JIarch 6. 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Nicholas P. Eighmy enl. March 7, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Frederick Fay, enl. JIarch 8, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Beuj. F. George, enl. JIarch 7, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Henry Gates, enl. March 7, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Thomas Gowman. enl. JIarch 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Smith X Higgins. enl. March 6. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alfred B. Higgins. enl. JIarch 6. 1865. JIustered out w-ith the Co. Charles T. Higgins. enl. JIarch 0, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Charles N. Higgins. enl. JIarch 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Franklin J. Kirk. enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore Little, enl. JIarch 7, 1865. Burnett Lewis, enl. March 9, 1865. Jlichael JIanny, enl. JIarch 9, 1S63. JIustered out with the Co. Henry JI. Jlesser. enl. JIarch 9. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Seeley Jlouut, enl. JIarch 9, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. John J. Neville, enl. JIarch 6, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Charles E. Reader, enl. JIarch 6, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. John Simmons, enl. Jtareh 3, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Frederick A. Skeels. enl JIarch 4. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Nathan Sovde, enl. JIarch 6, 1865. JIustered out with the Co Thernn C. Soule, enl. Feb. 30, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Frank B. Storer. enl. JIarch 7, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Fayette L. Thomas, enl. JIarch 6, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Levi Turcott. enl. JIarch 3, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Robert Taite. enl. JIarch 7, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Peter S. Wright, enl, JIarch 7. 1863. JIustered out with the Co. William Zimmer. enl. JIarch 6. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. John A. Ryan. enl. JIarch 6. 1865. Disch. tor disability June 23. 186.5. Albert S, Sherman, enl. JIarch 7, 1865. Disch. June 39, 1865. ONE HUNDKEli AND N I N FT Y-.-^IXTH INFAXTHY. Eben S. Coe, enr, as Capt. Co. H, 134th Inf.. Nov. 17. 1863. Promoted to Lieut. Col. 196th Inf. JIarch 36. I,s65. JIustered out Sept. 11. 1865. COMPANY H. .lohn H. Inraan. enr. as Corp. JIarch 11. 1865. JIustered out with the ( o. Sept. II, 1863. Enoch .\llerton. enr. a.s Cirp. JIarch 13. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. George W. Jliller. enr. as Corp. JIarch 13. 1865. John Brown, enl. JIarch 10. 1863. JIustered out with the Co. John CoUon, enl. JIarch 11, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Anthony Ernst, enl. JIarch 10, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Adam Schwemler, enl. JIarch 9. 1865. JIustered out with the Co. William A. Wilcox, enl. JIarch 11, 1863 JIustered out with the Co. Philip Houck, enl. JIarch 10, 1885. Disch. June .3, 18'i3. 160 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ONE HUNDRED AXD NINETY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Xinety seventh was the last regiment sent to the field from Ohio, and was re- cruited to a total strength of one thousand and six men, of whom fortv-uine were from Cuyahoga county. All but five of its officers, and about half of its men, had seen service. The regiment was organized April 13, 1865, for one year, and on the 25th left Camp Chase for Washington. The war being then practically over, the One Hundred and Ninety-seventh had no chance to earn especial distinction. It was assigned to the Ninth army corps, and after spending a few days in camp near Alexandria returned to Washington. It soon left for Dover, Del., when it lay in camp four weeks. From that time until July 31st — when it was mustered out at Baltimore — the regiment did guard duty along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio rail- road, and at the camps, forts and hosi)itals in and near Baltimore. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Gerfhom JI. Barber, enr. as Lieut. Col. Api-il 12, 18t»5. Mustered out with the Reg. July 31, 1S65. George W. Pease, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 3, 1S65. Mustered out with the Reg. William Hubbard, enr, as Corp. Feb. 15, ISiio. Mustered out with the Co. July 31, 18B3. John Hogan. enl. Feb. 38, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Harry W. Jones, enr. as Lieut. April 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Addison M. Bloom, enr. as 1st Sergt. Feb. 38, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 31, 1865. Jeremiah B. Black, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with Co. Spencer C. Norton, enr. as Corp. Feb. 34, 1863. Mustered out with Co. George W. AVadsworth. enr. as Corp. March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Owen, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Kugene Adams, enl. March 24, 1H65. Clustered out with the Co. Lemuel H. Barney, enl. March 2, 1865. Mustered out wiihthe Co. Joseph R. Baker, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Wesley Booth, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Wallace C. Davis, enl. Fel). S3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. David Evans, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Miuhael Epple, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Stephen Farren, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Franz Herbeigei-, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Howesworth, enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Gustave Houpt, enl. Feb. 20, 1.865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Kirchner, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Ketchum, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Dsch. Jlay 22, 1865. Charles Larish, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Lillie, enl. Jan. 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John M. Jloore, enl. Feb. 23. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. S. E. Manly, enl. Feb. 3a, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Abram Martin, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George C. Morgan, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Clustered out with the Co. Thomas JleDermott, enl. Jan. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Bartholemew Neumour, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Bradley Pelton, enl. March 24, 1865. Clustered out with the Co. David Poulette, enl. March 2, 1865. Died at Cleveland, O., Aug. 20, 1865. Carl Peterson, enl. Jan. 13, 1805. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Renschler, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Sharpcott, enl. March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Oscar Sinimonds, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Schacterle, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Vaupell, enl. March 1. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Carl Woitheie, enl. Jan. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Smith Kingsbury, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. July 27, 18ii5. James CuUen. enl. March 2. 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865. James Miller, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Disch. tor disability June 14, 1865. Gustave Richler, enl. Feb. 31, 1865. Disch. July 8, 1865. Henry Dunwell, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Died at Camp Chase, O.. June 13, 1865. COMPANY K. Charles H. Bellinger, enl. 5Iarch 29. 1n65. Clustered out with the Co. July 31, 1865. Nicholas Streator, enl Feb. 21, 1865. .Mustered out with the Co. July 31, 1865. Eli M. Jennings, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Shafer. enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. ONE HUXDKED AND XINETY-EKiHTH INFANTRY. But eight companies of tlii.s jiroposed regiment had been recruited at Camp Cliase when, the war being declared at an end, the companies were disbanded and the men departed for their homes. Of the enlist- ments into the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, fifty-one were from Cuyahoga county. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOiiA COUNTY. Andrew J. Raynor, enr. as 1st Lieut. April 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. May 8, 1865. John H. Brooks, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out wi h the Co. John Cass, enl. March 13, 1835. Mustered out with the Co. Calvin C. Carr. enl. March 29, 1865. Musteied out with the Co. John A. Fitzwater. enl. March 23, 1805. Mustered out with the Co. Sharon P. Inman. enl. March 39, 1865. Mustered out with the C'o. Thomas Kelley, enl. JIarch 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. David H. McCrary, enl. March 89, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick McGree, enl. March 25. 1865. Mustered out with the C'o. Henry Roberts, enl. .\pril 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Benj. F. Ray, enl. March 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Minot Stebbins, enl. Jlarch 39, 1S65. Mustered out with the Co. John Q. A. Samson, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William N. Smith, enl. March 31, 1865. Mustered out witli the Co. COMPANY D. Perry Prentiss, enr. as Capt. April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co May 8. 1863. Edgar J. W'oodward, enr. as 1st Lieut. Mustered out with the Co. James D. W. Mandeville, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Apiil 33, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Conrad Busch, enl. March 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Byron H. Bosley, enl. March 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Baisch, enl. JIarch 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edwin M , Bailey, enl. March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Curphey, enl. .\pril 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Dunn, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William R. Dyson, enl. March 29, 1805. Mustered out with the Co. John Fritz, enl. March 38, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Hacker, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out; with the Co. James Hawkins, enl. .\pril 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Willis M. Hepburn, enl. March 2.5. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Hamlin, enl. March 35, 1.865. Mustered out with the Co. John Hellmer, enl. .\pril 4, 1865. Mustered out wjth the Co. James H. Kiucaide, enl March 21, 1865. Mustei-ed out with the Co. William D. Keller, enl. .\pril 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Martin L. Keller, enl. Maich 35, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Koneman, enl. Ajiril 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Magridge enl. March 37. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Meyer, enl. March 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Hart Newhall, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James P. Nichols, enl. March 24. 1805. Clustered out with the Co. ,Iames O'Connor, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Price, enl. March 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Schwab, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Christian Schwartz, enl. JIarch "SS. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Schloman, enl. .\pril 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. .Alfred Schring, enl. JIarch 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles D. Towner, enl. April ,•<, I8(i.5. Mustered out with the Co. Conrad Walinser, enl. .March 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. .John Wagner, enl. April 5, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Werkmeister, enl. April 4, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. John Whitworth, enl. March 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Wilson, enl. April 13, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. John Zimmerman, enl. .\pril 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. THE SIIAKPSIIOOTERS. 161 CHAPTER XXXII. THE SHAHPSHOOTBRS. The Governor's Intfnti.m— fafit. Barbt-i-'s C'uynh.iga Company— Other Companies— The Test of Admission— A Battalion organized— It joins Roseerans— T«-o more Companies— At Chicliamanga— Covering J. C. Davis' Retreat — Ordered to protect the Road — Looking over the Ground— Taking Position — The Duel across the River — The Rebels retreat— Various Scouts— On a Gunboat- A Rebel Spy— A Dangerous Road— A Texan Ambush— The Sharpshooters driven out of Town— Shelhng the Place — The Torch— A Texan Charge repulsed — Other Gunboat Service —Joining Sherman — Guarding the Ammunition — Back with Thomas — Captain Barber mustered out — The Battalion mustered out— Names of the Cuyahoga Sharpshooters. Ix the autumn of 18G3 Gov. Tod undertook to raise ten independent eonijianies of sharpshooters, to serve on special duty, without field ofScers. Capt. Gershom M. Barber raised a compan}- which was largely com- posed of residents of Cuyahoga county, and which was denominated the Fifth Independent C'ompany of Sharpshooters. Tlie Sixtii and Seventh companies were also recruited in this county; tlie captains hav- ing free access to the large camp of drafted men at Camp Cleveland. A portion of their men were actual residents of the county, though generally credited to other counties in wliich the captains resided. The Ninth and Tenth companies were also largely com- posed of Cuyahoga-county men, but, as previously stated these were mustered into the Sixteenth In- fantry and served with that regiment. On the companies being completed, the Fiftii. Sixth and Seventh were organized in a battalion, and Capt. Barber, as the senior officer, was placed in command. The men were all picked with reference to their physical ability, and before being mustered each was required to make a " string" of not exceeding twenty- five inches in five shots, at one hundred yards off-hand or at two hundred yards at a rest. Their uniform was the same as that of the infantry, except that the trimmings were green, and they were armed witii Spen- cer's seven-shooting rifies. They remained at Camp Cleveland, rti'ilJing as in- fantry and also practicing at the target, until .Marcli, 18i>3, when they joined Rosecrans' army at Murfrees- boro, and were attached to tiie general's headquarters for special service. The battalion was never brigaded, but remained permanently attached to the headquar- ters of the Army of the Cumberland throughout the war; being detailed on special duty whenever neces- sary. The battalion was there joined by the Fourth and Eighth Independent companies: the whole being under the command of Capt. Barber. The Fourth company, however, was detached just before the bat- tle of Chickamauga. At that battle two companies, of which the Fifth was one, were in charge of the department headquar- ters. On Sunday, the third day of the fight, while they were on their way, under orders, to join Gen. iiosecrans. and while in rear of Gen. Jefferson C. Davis' division, there was a general break along the Fnion lines, and that division retreated: leaving the sharpshooters directly in front of the enemy. Unable to join Rosecnius. Capt. Barber reported to Davis, who ordered him to fall back four hundred yards and form line of battle. He did so, and Davis attempted to rally his division in the rear. It broke, however, and a similar order was again sent to Capt. Barber and obeyed. Four times the sharpshooters formed in line and engaged the enemy's advance; thus covering the retreat of Davis" division, and at length following it from the field. When, after that battle, the rebels cut off the sup- plies from the army at Chattanooga, Gen. Rosecrans had a road built westward along the north side of the Tennessee. But the rebel sharpshooters from across the river, at the point where it passes through the Cumberland mountains, broke up the first supply train; killing many of the men and horses. A regi- ment of Kentucky infantry and a battery of artillery both proved unable to protect the exposed point. Capt. Barber was then ordered to detail fifty men for that purpose. He obtained permission to go in com- mand himself. Taking his detail to the locality on the rainy after- noon of the 13th of October, 1863, he went over the exposed road, attended only by a guide, to lay out hi.s plans. Nearly a hundred shots were fired across the river at the two men, but by keeping on the move they escaped injury. Having thus ascertained just where the enemy was posted, the captain at three o'clock the next morning led his men on to the ground, and stationed them in squads opposite the positions occupied by the rebels. At dawn both parties began firing across the river. A series of lively duels was kept up until ten o'clock, at which time the rebels withdrew up the mountain, leaving Capt. Barber and his men complete masters of the position. Only one man was wounded and he but slightly. They afterward learned from spies and prisoners that the rebels suffered very severely in killed and wounded before they abandoned the posi- tion. The detachment was joined by the rest of the battalion, and held the ground in question until Hooker's two corps arrived and communications were entirely restored. At Mission Ridge the sharpshooters were held in reserve. After that, they were at headquarters most of the time till the first of May, 1864, though they were engaged in a protracted scout between the hos- tile lines in February, and the Fifth and Eighth companies were located forty miles up the Tennessee, to ))rot('ct Union citizens, during part of March and April. From about the first of May until the first of July the battalion manned a gunboat m the Tennessee, to keep the banks and vicinity clear of rebel guerrillas and raiding jiarties. On the 12th of May about sixty-five men came near being massacred through the management of the pilot of the gunboat, who turned out to be a rebel spy. The negro huts and storehouses of a plantation on the soutli side of the Tennessee had been made the liead(|uarters of a body of T'exas Rangers, who were 162 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. accustomed to cross the river, do what injury they could to the Union forces and return thither. Cap- tain Barber determined to clear them out. The pilot suggested, and the captain agreed, that the boat should lie near the town, as it was called, through the night, then land below it and march up the river road, under the protection of the boat, to attack it. In the night the pilot got ashore, and warned the rebels what they might expect. On landing, the captain found the river road so favorable to ambush, and so little protected by the gunboat, that he struck across to another. On the sharpshooters nearing the forks of the two roads, near a hundred Texans sprang up out of the ambush in which they had placed them- selves on the river road. Thirty or forty shots were fired on a side, when the rebels fled. The sharp- shooters advanced into the so-called town, and at- tacked a store-house filled with plunder from the other side of the river. Immediately the rebels, con- cealed in other houses and in masked works on the hillside, opened a heavy fire, driving the Unionists to the shelter of the gunboat, with a loss of three killed and wounded. The negroes were then warned to leave, and the gunboat shelled the town from end to end, soon driving out the rebels. Afterwards a detachment was sent ashore to burn it, as was done to all houses Irom which the Union troops were fired on. The rest of the sharpshooters landed to repel attacks. The Texans, not knowing of the covering party, charged across an open space to destroy the burners. The sharpshooters met them with a terrific fire from be- hind cover, with their Spencer rifles, and more than half the assailants were killed or wounded. These operations entirely broke up the nest of marauders which had previously lurked in the vicinitj'. The ne- groes were taken on the gunboat and sent to the contra- band camp at Nashville, which was where they were anxious to go. The sharpshooters, while patrolling the river, passed through several other interesting experiences, which we have not space to relate here. After their gun- boat service was over, they joined Sherman's army at Big Shanty. The Seventh company became that general's headquarter guard, and the others were in charge of the anuinition train of the army of the Cumberland, from that point to Atlanta. Afterward the battalion of three companies returned to Tennes- see and was made Gen. Thomas' headquarter guard, which position it held till the close of the war. In April, 1865, Capt. Barber was mustered out to accept the lieutenant-colonelcy of the One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Infantry, and the battalion was mus- tered out on the 19th of July following. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUXTY. FIFTH COMPAXT. Gei-shom M. Barber, enr. as Capt. Nov. 1, 1802. Promoted to Lieut. Col. 19rth Inf. April 13, 1S05. Jonathan Pickard, enr. as 1st Lieut. Not. 1, 1802. Res. Sept. 9, 1864. VV. N . Watsou, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. July 1, 18(>4, and to 1st Lieut. May 1, ISO.?. Mustered out with the Co. July 19, lKi;.5, Franklin H. Somers, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lt. Nov. 20, 1863. Disch. May 7, 1864. William C. Lemon, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 11, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 19, 1865. Edward P. Thompson, enl. Oct. 22, 18(iS. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Francis E. Racket, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph R. Joiner, enl. Aug. 18, 18&4. Disch. June 19, 1865. Samuel Lay, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch for disability June 21, 1864. George W. Newton, enl. Oct 23, 1S62. Disch. for disability Oct. 31. 1H63. William B. Waring, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. Jan. 20, 1865. Michael C. Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Noakes, enl. Oct. 13, 1802. Promoted to Corp. George A. Blakeslee, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George B. Canniff, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Disch. tor disability June 27, 1865. Truman Drake, enl. Dec. 8. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henr.v H Houseman, enl. Feb. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Upton Housman, enl. Dec. 12. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William James, enl. Oct. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William Johnston, enl. Dec. 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Locke, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Markee, enl. Dtc. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Artemus Pratt, enl. Oct. 13, 1802. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Robinson, enl. Dec. 7, 1.S6 '. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew J. Windsor, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William L. Stearns, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 21. 1862. Norman D. Jleacham, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 27, 1863 Disch. for disability March 26. 18(3. Simeon S. Canniff, enl. Oct. 23, 18S2. Disch. for disability May 9, 1863. Ephraim Pratt, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 10, 1865. Charles H. Porter, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 26, 1864. Herman M. Reeves, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability May 12, 1863. Nicholas H. Ward, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Disch. for disability April 15, 1864. Joseph A. Clarke, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. July 19, 1865. Sidney Downey, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Moi ris J. Stockman, enl. Nov. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Co Elisha Lewis, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Disch. Sept. 12, 1863. Gilbert Terry, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Disch. May 25, 1865. Luke Abel, enl. Oct. 23, 1863. Promo;ed to Corp. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., May 23, 1863. Sullivan S. Marble, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. Charles Glines, enl. Nov. 6, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 26, 1863. Mark J. Chevalia, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 19, 1865. Harvey T. Miller, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William E. Williams, enl. Dec 17. 1863. Left in Hosp. Jan. 27, 1865. Gershom M. Barber, enr. as Capt. Nov. 1, 1862. Disch. April II, 1865. Jonathan Pickard, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. I, 1862. Resigned Sept. 9, 1863. Edward U. Adams, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Disch. June 2, 1865. James M. Hall, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Disch. for disability June 22, 1863. SIXTH COMPANY Simon Fockler, enl. March 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Louis Peisker, enl. Dec. 19, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Enghsh, enl. Feb. 20, 1863. Transf. to Inv. Corps Sept 1, 1863. SEVENTH COMPANY. Patrick Smith, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. July 20, 1863. Mus- tered out with the Co. July 28, 1865. George W. Jlorgan, enl. Dec. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 30, I863_ Mustered out with the Co. John Black, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James Bowles, enl. Feb. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Canfield, enl. Oct. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas B. Deselmo, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Ira E. Durand, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James R. Saunders, enl. Jan. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Wray, enl. Nov. 26, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Martin S. Ward, enl. Jan. 22, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. Hiram Tisdale enl. Oct. 13, 1802. Transf. to Vet. Res, Corps Aug. 13, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out Aug, 3. 1865. David J. Nicholas, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Died at Nashville, Aug. 20, 186:1. Frank Stephens, enl. Oct. 27, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., June 23, 1863. Thomas Millei-. enl. 10, 1862. Mustered out July 38, 1865. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC. 163 CHAPTER XXXIII. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY. ETC, A Wfstern Reserve Regiment— Camp Wade and Camp Deiinison— III the Far West— A Fight with Quantrell— Chasing Rebels and Indians— In tlie Indian Territory— Men detailed tor a Battery— Service under Gen. Blum— The Victory of Prairie Grove— Returning to Ohio— Fighting in Kentucky— Capturing Morgan— Through to East Tennessee— Numer- ous Conrticts- Re-enlisting— Ordered East— Over the Rapidan— Under Sheriilan— Hanover Court House and Ashland— Ream Station, etc.— On the Shenandoah— Capturing a Regiment— Battle after Battle- Winter Quarters- The Last Raid of the War-Large Captures— Back to Missouri— Mustt red out— Members from Cuyahoga County- Sol- diers of the Third Cavalry— Organization of the Sixth Cavalry— Sent to Virginia— First Fight at Strasbiirg— Cross Keys and Cedar Moun- tain—Hard Service on the Rappahannock- A Brilliant Dash— 1 he Bat- tle of Kelly's Ford— Splendid Charge of Co, A— Fighting with Stuart —Gettysburg— A Large Capture— Numerous Conflicts in Virginia— Re-enlistment— Hard Fighting \gain— Inside the Lines of Richmond —On the Weldon Railnnad— Battles of Hatcher's Run- Five Forks— Appomatox— Subseiiuent Services— Mustered out— Officers and Sol- diers from Cuyahoga County. SECOXD CAVALRY. The Second Ohio Cavalry — the first regiment of that arm of the service raised iu the northern part of thf State — was recruited in the summer of 18(51 under the supervision of Hon. B. F. Wade and Hon. John Ilutchin.-;, to whom the Wai\Department gave special authority for that purpose. Cuyaiioga county fur- ni.shed three hundred and fifteen members; Companies B and K being principally from this county, while smaller quotas entered all the other companies. The regimental complement was almost entirely drawn from the Western Reserve, and contained a large pro- portion of men of intelligence and social prominence. The Second was mustered into the three-years ser- vice at Camp Wade, near Cleveland, where it was uni- formed, mounted and partly drilled. Late in No- veml)er it was moved to Camp Dennison, where it remained until the receijit of marching orders early in January, 1862. It then moved to Platte City, Mo., and during the ensuing three weeks was employed in scouting along the Missouri border, as a portion of Doubleday's brig- ade. In February, the brigade proceeded to Fort Scott, Kansas, and while en route was assailed in the streets of Independence, Mo... by an equal force, under the afterwards celebrated and infamous Quan- trell, who was routed iu fifteen minutes. In this, its first fight, the regiment bore itself with marked gal- lantry, having four men killed and wounded. From March till June, the Second, with head- quarters at Fort Scott, was engaged in chasing guer- rillas and skirmishing with hostile Indians. Late in June the brigade marched into the Indian Territory, and took part in the capture of Fort Gibson. In August, after the return to Fort Scott, one liundred and fifty men and two officers were detailed from the regiment to man a light battery. Six months afterwards the detail was changed to a transfer, by which tlie Twenty-fifth Ohio Ijattery was created. In September, 1862, the battery and the mounted portion of the regiment (for two-thirds of the horses had been worn out by the hard service), entered upon an active campaign under General Blunt, in Missouri and Arkansas; fighting gallantly at Carthage, New- tonia. Cow Hill, Wolf Creek, White River, and especially at the closing victory of Prairie Grove, Ar- kansas, on the 12th day of December. In November an order had been issued transferring the Second to the East, and in that month the dis- mounted portion proceeded to Camp Chase, whither the mounted men followed in December. There the regiment remained until April, 1863, when, being consolidated into eight companies, fully mounted and equipped, it left for Lexington, Ky. , where it was re- stored to its original strength by the addition of four companies originally raised for the Eighth Cavalry. During May and June the Second fought twice at Steubenville, twice at Monticello, and once at Colum- bia, Ky., besides which four companies formed part of a force which made an im})ortant raid into East Tennessee, under Gen. Saunders. In July, as a part of Kautz"s brigade, the Second joined in the pursuit of Morgan, and after his capture nearly the entire regiment was furlouglied by Gen. Burnside in recog- nition of its meritorious services. The Second re-assembled in August at Stanford. Ky., and moved with the army to East Tennessee. In the engagement at Loudon Bridge and in the forced marches to Cumberland Gap and Knoxville the regiment bore an active part, and in the battle of Blue Springs it was especially conspicuous. It participated in the defense of Knoxville and in the subsequent ]nirsuit of the enemy; fighting Longstreet'scavalrv at Morristown on the 2d of December, sustaining on the 4th the advance of a brigade which fought eighteen regiments for two hours at Russellville, and being at the front five hours at the battle of Bean Station on the 5th. At Mossy Creek, on the ]st of January, 1864. four hundred and seventy men answered roll-call, and of that number all but fifty re-enlisted as veterans. After they had enjoved their veteran furlough they proceeded, with a hundred and thirty recruits, to the East. At Camp Stoneman, near Washington, the regi- ment was mounted, armed and equipped, and on the 1st of May left camp (eight hundred strong) for War- renton Junction. It crossed the Rapidan with the Ninth Corps, engaged Rosser's cavalry on the 7th, and during the battle of the Wilderness was stationed on picket or engaged iu skirmishing. Tiie Second was permanently attached to Sheridan's Cavalry Corps late in May, and on the 31st crossed the Pamunkey. In the subseisch. May 5, 1865. John R. Wells, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Disch. for disability. Amos B. Lusk, enl. Feb. 2. 1804. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Thomas H. Buck, enl. Feb. 36. 1864. Killed at Harper's Ferry, Va., April 5. 1865. Charles E. Blanchette, enl. March 14, 1864. Died in Hosp. Oct. 6, 1864. George Hanscom. enl. Sept. 39, 1862. Died at Annapolis, Md., June IT, 1864. Samuel Houghland, enl. March 18, 1864. Killed in action June 15, 1865. William Mellinger, enl. Feb. 23. 1864. Died from wounds rec'd at Win- chester. Va., Aug. 25, 1864. Charles Mellinger, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died from wounds reed June 13, 1864. COMPANY B. Frederick R. Deming, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Oct. 3. 1861, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 20, 1861, and to Capt. Feb. 11. 1864. Killed in action Aug. 23. 1864, at Charleston, Va. Chauncey Eggleston, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 12. 1861. Promoted to Capt. Oct. 3, 1861. Res. March 14, 1862. Luther M. Tuttle, enr. as Corp. Aug. 13, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. April 23, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. n, 1865. Charles H. Bill, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12. 1861. Promoiedto 2nd Lieut. July 15, 1862. -Alex. B. Sessions, enl. as 1st Sergt. Aug, 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut Dec. 20, 1861. Res. July 19, 1863. Benj. F. Lovett. enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Aug. 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John C. Mack, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Alonzo A. .Maxam, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sylvester D. Bailey, enl. .Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Ehas Bennett, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Clustered out with the Co. Mortimer H. Biizley. enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 29. 1864. Re- enlisted Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Winfield S. Cady, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. .laekson A. Mott. enl. -Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Co Henry Ormsby, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Porter S. Phillips, enl. Feb. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edger L. Somers, enl. Feb. 17. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Norton L. Upson, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James M. Veher, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Eddy, enl. .Aug. 13, 1861. Disch. July 31, 1865. William H. Polhamus, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Captured at Cedar Creek, Va., Nov. 13, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865. Henry A. Fraverd, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Captured June 29, 1864. Disch. June 20, 1865. Leroy S. Storer, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Captured at Cedar Creek, Va., Nov. 12, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865. •Augustus Belden. enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Disch. for disability, Jan. 1, 1864. Herman H. Brigham, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Disch. July 16, 1865, for disabil- ity caused by wounds received March 31. 1865. Suranus T. Brokens, enl. .Aug. 13, 1861. Wounded at Blue Springs. Tenn. Oct. ISffS. Disch. in consequence Henry H. Brinker, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 35, I860. Herman S. Kaiser, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. William F. Meyer, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 35, 1864. James Plowman, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. Henry H. Palmer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Must ered out Sept. 3.5, 1864. George W. Palmer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864, Mortimer L. Trotter, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 35, 1864. Willard A. Trotter, enl. Aug. 13 1861. Mustered out Sept. 30, 1864. Henry Vogely, enl.'Aug. 13, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 35, 1864. Eugene A. Hinsdale, enl. Aug. 13. 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. Xewton E. Gorham, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps. Joseph Se.vmour, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Transf. to Inv. Corps. Daniel Wilhelm, enl. Xov. 8, 1863. Transf. to Inv. Corps, .lohn L. Smith, enr. as Capt. Aug. 12, 1861. Resigned Sept. 28, 1861. George E. Dunbar, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12. 1864. John N. Johnson, enr. as Bugler .\ug. 12, 1861. James O. Birzley, enr. as Corp. .Aug. 13, 1861. Jefferson T. Spink, enr. as Corp, Aug. 13, 1861. Francis A. Thayer, enr. as Corp. Aug. 13, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. William X. Monroe, enj. as Bugler Aug. 12, 1 61. Ervin Morgan, enl. .Aug. 12, 1861. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC. 165 Charles C. Stevens, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. t'harles M. Christian, enl. Aug. 12, 18B1. :\Ittrk- Abell, enl. Aug. 12, 18fil. Haviil V. Bell. enl. Aug. 13. 18«1. Transf. to vKth Battery. A. I). Benjamin, enl. Aug. 12. 1H61. Walter D. Barker, enl. Aug. 12, ISGl. Transf, to S.'Jtli Battery. W. H. Bartholomew, enl. .iug. 13, ISIJl. Uavid F. Cook, enl. Aug. 12, isiil. Orlando D. Chase, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. John J. Chase, enl. Aug. 12, 18131. William A. Chamherlain, enl. Aug. IS, 1861. Charles C. Chapman, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Michael Conner, enl. .\ug. 12, 1861. He Witt C. Deniing. enl. Aug. 13, 1861. .lohn Fleming, enl. .Uig. 13. 1861. Kenry W. Gage, enl. Aug 12. 18(11, Transf, to 35th Battery. William E. Hinsdale enl, Aug, 13. 1861. Carl H, H ppe, enl, Aug, 13. 1861, John \V, Johnson, enl. Aug. 13, 186], Enoch E, Judson, enl. Aug, 12, 1861, Edwin Kinnecutt, enl, Aug 12, 18i;i, Transf, to 3.ith Battery. Mus- tered out Dec, 12. 18*>,5, Lucerne W, Kelley, enl, Aug, 13. 18(11. Transf, to 2Sth Battery, Mus- tered out Dec, 12. 186.5, Henry Mead, enl, Aug, 12, 1861, Transf, to 2.5th Battery, Mustered out Dec, 12, 1865, .lames Movies, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Webster K. Xye. enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf, to 25th Battery, Mustered out Sept, 8, 181)4, Howard W, Keed. enl. Aug. 12. 1861. James Skinn-r, enl, Aug, 12, 1861. William Van Orman, enl. Aug. 12. 1861 . Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus- tered out Dec. 12, 1865, William E, Pedrick, enl, Aug, 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Co. M Sept. .30, 1861, John M. Brewster, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Aug. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865. Sir Wallace Fuller, enl, Aug, 12, 1861, Promoted to Sergt, Emerson H, Eggleston, eur. as Corp. .\ug, 12, 1861, Chauncey F, Wvckoff, enr, as Sergt, Aug. 13, 1861, Joshua O, Stilhvell, enr, as Corp, Aug. 13, 1861. U, L, Fonkell, enr, as Corp, Aug, 12. 1861. Randall L, Eggleston, enl. Aug, 13, 1811, Myron B, Perkins, enl, Aug, 12. 1861, Thomas Scott, enl. Aug, 12. 1861, Transf, to 25lh Battery, Died at Clar- endon, Ark,, Aug, IT. 1865, Samuel D, Brokan, enl, Aug. 12, 1861, Promoted to Corp, May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Sept, 11, 1865, William M, Bowen, enl, Aug. 12, 1861. John V, Heniman. enl, Aug, 13, 1861, Irving Hull, enl, Nov, 3, 18(12, Promoted to Sergt. April 1, 1865, Mus. tered out with the Co, Sept, II, 1865, Edgar Barrett, enl, March 14, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Asa Fay, enl, .March 1(1. 1S65, Mustered out with the Co, Franklin Feroles, enl, March II, 1864, Mustered out with the Co, Scott McFarland. enl Jan, 1. 1864, Mustered out with the Co, Andrew Leland, enl, Feb, 24, 1864. Disch. for disability March 3, 1865, George W, Pollock, enl, Aug. 29, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery, .Mus- tered out Dec, 12, 1865, COMPANT D, Robert A, Oamble, enl, Oct, 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp, Aug, II, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept, 11, 1865. Elbert tiillett. enl, March 21, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Charles W, .\dams, enl, Sept. 10, 1862. Captured June 3D, 1864. Disch, June 7. lS(u-,. Oscar .\, Caldwell, enl, Aug, 30, 1862, Captured Nov. 3, ls63, .Mustered out June 35, 1811.'), Frank A. Proctor, enl, Sept. ID, 1862, Captured June 29. 1864. Conrad Shesler, enl Feb. 29, 1864, Captured June 29, 1864. .lohn Sa.\ton, enl, Feb, 26, 1864. Disch, for disability June 5, 1865. William H, Baker, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died at Wilmington, N. C, March 31, 186.'), M , R, Hickox, enl, Sept. .30, 1862, Died in rebel prison April 13, 1864. William B, Johnson, enl, .March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 18(15, Martin J, Kinnamon, enl, Oct. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William l^ggett, enl, Feb, 27. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ralph Miller, enl, March 15, mn. Mustered out with the Co. Leander .McGill. enl. Feb, 37, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. William H, Pidgeon, . nl, Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. .lohn W, Reed, enl. Nov. 3 1863, Mustered out with the Co. A. J. Walker, enl. March 8, 1864, Mustered out with the Co, Arthur Liddle, enl, Feb, 12, 1864, Transf, to Vet, Res. Corps, Mustered tered out Sept. 16, 1865, Samuel W, McCnrdy, enl. March 22, 1864. Disch. June 6, 1865. Frederick R, Moody, enl, Sept. 6. 1862, Disch, June 10, 1865. William H, Newton, enl. Sept, 11, 1863, Disch, June 10, 1865, COMPANY F. Henry .\ker, enl, Oct, 9. 1863. Mustered out with the Co, Sept, 11, 1865. George Hurst, enl. March 11. 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Joseph L, Jackson, enl, ^larch 7, 1865, Mustered out with the Co, Cassius C, Kenney, enl, Feb, 28, 186.5. Mustered out with the Co. George A. Manning, enl, March 21, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Heber Swan. enl. Mai'ch 6, 1865, Mustered out with the Co, Herman Wibymern. enl. Oct. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. George Zepp. enl, Feb, 25. 1863. Mustered out with the Co, Julius E, Bliss, enl, Feb, 28, 186.5, Disch, from Hosp, June 16, 1865. Ethan Conaut, en"l, JIarch 7, 1864. Disch, June 13. 1864, Peter Wolf, enl. March 11, 1864, Died at Sali,sbury, X. C, Nov. 9, 1864. Cassius M, Woodworth. enl. Sept. 16, 1863. Captured Oct. 14, 1864. Charles H. Bill, enr, as Sergt. Aug. 13, 1«61, Promoted to Sd Lieut. July 15, 1862; to 1st Lieut. Co. G. May 19, 1863. Transf. to Co, B, April 8, 1864; and promoted to Capt. Co. G. May 15. 1865. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. John E. Bowden, enl, Oct. 14, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Aug, 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. II, 186.5. George W, Clark, enl, Oct, I, 1862, Mustered out with the Co, William Copeland, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Fitzgerald, enl, Oct, 15, 1862, Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Hunter, enl. Oct, 18. 1862. Mustered out with the Co, Watson A, Hoyt, enl, Dec, 2, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, Frank B, Hunt, enl, March 8, 1865. Mustered out witli the Co, William Wicks, enl, Feb, 4, 1,864, Mustered out with the Co, William Wurtz, enl, March 38, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. Aug, :», 1865. George W, Short, enl, .March 32, 1864. Disch. fordisabillty Jlarch 21, 1865. Eugene M, Church, enl, March 2, 1864, Died in Andersonville prison August, 1864. James DeLong, enl. Oct. 18, 1862, Died March, 1864. Eugene Gregory, enl. March S3, 1864, Captured October, 1864, Thomas Grflham, enl, Jan. .5, 1864. Killed in action June 1, 1864. Charles E. Gratz, enl, Oct. 14. 1861. Transf. to Co. I 103d Reg. Jonathan Kaneen, enl, Aug, 23, 1861, Transf, to Co. L Sept. .30, 1861. COMPANY H, Walter R, Austin, enl, Oct, 13. 1862, Mustered out with the Co, Sept, lit 1865, James H, Broughton, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Bryant B. Herrick, enl. March 22, 1864, Clustered out with the Co. Richard B, Keyes, enl. JIareh 31, 1864. Disch. June 17. 1865. ^ Edward Long, enl. Feb, 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Adelbert H, Marcy, enl, Oct. 13. 1863. Clustered out with the Co. Chris Rothacher. enl, March 8. 1864. Mustered out with the Co, John J. Vincent, enl, Feb, 35, 1864, Clustered out with the Co, George H, Wood, enl, March 13. 1864, Mustered out with the Co. David Brown, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Mustered out Sept, 25. 1S64. William Gay, enl, March 3, 1S64, Disch, June 10. 1865. Frank E. Smith, enl. Sept. 30. 1862. Disch. Jime 10, 1865. Frank B, Hale, enl. Sept, 30, 1863, Disch, June 15. 1865, Almiron Van Antwerp, enl, March 5. 1.864, Disch, July 19, 1865, Harvey H, Green, enl. Feb, 2:i. 1864. Transf. to Vet Res. Cori)S, Sept. 30, 18(«, Lyman F, Butler, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Died in rebel prison. Andrew Bishop, enl. Aug. 35, 1861. Mustered out Sept, 35. 18()4. Ezra L, Bu(ge, (See Non-Com, Staff,) Daniel M, Hall, enl, Aug, 25, 1861, Chaunce}- Smith, enl. Sept, 9, 1861, COMPANY 1. Peter Rock, enl, March 4, 1864. Promoted to Sergt, July 1. 1865 Mus- tered out with the Co. Sept, 28, 1865. George W, Roberts, enl, Feb, ^i. 1865. Promoted to Corp, July 1, 1865- Mustered out with the Co, Louis C, Wilcox, enl, Feb, 21, 1875, .Mustered out with the Co. Leander Little, enl, March 4. 1865, Disch, Aug. l.">, 186.5. Ivah Elliott, enl, Jlarch 16, 1865, Died at Washington, D. C, Jcly 10, 1865. Courtney H, James, enl. Oct, 30, 1863, Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 10, 1864, Albert Kmsey, enl, March 10, 1865, Died at Baltimore. Md.. July 15, 1865 William Thompson, enl Match 4, 1864. Died of wounds received Oct 11. 1804, COMPA.VV K. John H. Clapp, enr, as Capt, Aug. 34. 1861. Died Oct, .5, 1861. Charles D. Rush, enl. Aug. 24, 18B1. Prom, to 3nd Lieut. Nov, 4, 1864 ; to 1st Lieut. Nov, 26, 1864: to Capt. Sept, 4. 1865, .Mustered out with the Co, 21, 166 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Thomas W. Sanderson, enr. as Capt. Oct. 7, 1861. Res. May 14, 1862. Samuel F. Geil. enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 24, 1861. Res. Dec. 11. 1861. Henry J. Virgil, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. 34. 1861. Prom, to 1st. Lieut. Dee. 20, 1861. Res. July 1.5. 1862. Henry J. Gordon, enr. as Corp. Aug. 34. 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. July 5, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sperry B. Close, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept, 19, 1865. Harrison Ingalls. enl. Feb. 21. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas A. White, enl. March 21. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Benjamin VVarnsley, enl. Marcli 10. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Berrj- S. Waldron. enl. Feb. 2.3, 1.S65. Disch. July 1", 1865. Joseph Ferriss. enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to Co. H. Died in rebel prison March .30, 1864 . Lewis Wood, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transt. to Co. H, and to Vet. Res. Corps April 20, 1864. Hiram P. Oviatt, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 24. 1861. Daniel Culver, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24. 1861. John Davis, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Henry Ingraham, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Wheeler DeF. Sturtevaut. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Gilbert J. Doolittle. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 2.5th Battery as 2nd Lieut. Promoted to 1st. Lieut. March 1, 1863. Resigned Nov. 25. 1864. Hammond Clapp. enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861 . William Smith, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24. 18T1. Moses R. Kniffen, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24. 1861. Stephen D. Trowbridge, enr. as Corp. Aug, 24, 1861. Albert Spafford, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861. Charles H. Ball. enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861. Kenrade Thomas, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861. Patrick F. Collopy, enr. as Bugler, Aug. 24, 1861, Melvin M. Trowbridge, enr. as Bugler, Aug. 34. 1861. David R. Bartholomew, enl. Aug. 24, Wjl. Charles F. Miles, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Charles O. Porter, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. William Robertson, enl. Aug. 31. 1861, Thomas Jinks, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Brainard Ainger, enl. Aug. 34. 1861. Frederick Bruce, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Zina J. Buck, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mustered out Dec. 12, 1865. Elmer Brewer, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 35th Battery. Mustered out Dec. 12, 1865. Chester Baker, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Samuel A. Bayard, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Michael Cavanaugh, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. William Christie, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 2.5th Battery. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 14, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 13, 1865. David C. Christy, enl. Aug, 34, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Captured June 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. John Q. Cooper, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Jeremiah Cronk, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. William Cushraan, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, George Davis, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transferred to 3.5th Battery. JIus- tered out Dec. 12. 1865. Thomas J. Davis, enl. Aug. 24. I86i. Thomas Dodd, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Disch, for disability Feb. 25. 1863. Patrick Dunn, enl. Aug, 24. 1861. Transf . to 25th Battery. Mustered out Sept, 8, 1864, William Eddleman, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Clark A. Fish. enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Fritz Gidding. enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Farnum Gibbs, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Alexander Gibbs, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865. Clark Gibbs, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Cortes F. Gordon, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Benjamin J. Gray, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. John GriflBn. enl. Aug. 24, 1,S61. Alexander J. Harper, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Promoted to Vet. Surg. 1st Battalion Sept. 20, 1861. George B. Hammond, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Transf. to 25th Batt. Mustered out Dec. 12, 1865. Charles E. Haywood, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Nathan Hotchkiss, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. William Hoor enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Robert Hudson, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Ohver Hodgeman, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Roswell C. Henry, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Asa Ingraham, enl. Aug. 34, 18(51. Henry C. King, enl. .\ug. 34, 1861. Elmer Kent. enl. Aug. 24, 18til. Alfred S. Lee, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Samuel Livingston, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Clarence H. Meeker, enl., Aug. 24, 1861. William Minor, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Charles W. Nichols, enL Aug. 24, 1861. John Olds, enl. Aug. 24, 1881. Transf. to 25th Batt. Mustered out Dec. 12, 1865. George Parry, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Nathan E. Penfield, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf, to 25th Batt. Died at Little Rock, Ark., Oct. 10, 1863. Frankhn Porter, enl. Aug, 24, 1861, Luther D. Payne, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. George Richards, enl, Aug. 34. 1861. Harris Robinson, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Alexander C. Ruple, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Transf. to 35th Batt. as Q. M. Sei gt. Jan. 3, 1864. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Oct. 9. 1864, and to 1st Lieut. Jan, 14. ISM. Resigned March 25, 1865. Thomas J. Roberts, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. George Roberts, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Daniel P. Stoffer, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Enoch Simmons, enl. Aug. 24, 184. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Rudolphus L. Spring, enl. March 7, 18-'64. Died May 28, 1S64, from wounds rec'd in action. \\ illiani L. Thomas, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 22 1,^61. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Co. E March 29. 1864; to 1st Lieut. July 25. 1864 and to Capt. Co. FXov. 18, 1864. Wounded May 28. 1864. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865. Andrew A. Burrell, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 4, 1864. Died Aug. 16, 1861, of wounds rec'd in action June 24, 1864. George W. Anderson, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 52, 1803, Captured Oct. 1, 1804. Died in Salisbury prison Nov. 13, 18i>4. Edwin Beckley, enr. as Corp. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out June 15. 1805. Oscar F. Hoskins, enl. Dee. 18, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1805. George W. Chamberlain, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. from Hosp April 15 18(H. Solon L. Darling, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Fayette E. Ball, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out June 19, 1865. Am OS B. Case, enl. Dec. 12. 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Charles Campbell enl. Dec. 18, 18t3. Mustered out June 27, 1665. William Ford, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1. 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Charles L. Garnian. enl. Dec. 14. 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 9. 1864. and to Sergt. June 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nathaniel Grinnell. enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865 George W. Grim, enl. Jan. 2. 1864. Promoted to Corp. March 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Erwin Herrick, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. William Harmon, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Captured Dec. 8, 1864. Reported again April .30, 1865. Mustered out June 16, 1865. William Hunt, enl Dec. 23, 1863. Transf. to North-western Dept. Sept. 1, 1864. Orrin Holcomb, Jr., enl. Dec. 23, 186.3. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salisbury i>rison Dec. 6. 1864. Daniel H. Harrington, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Thomas Hardesty. enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Jenkins, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Captui-ed Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salis- bur.v prison Nov. 25. 1864. Calvin W. Johnson, enl. Dec. 22. 1863. Mu-tered out with the Co. Cryness Larue, enl. Dec, 21. 186:1 Mustered out with the Co. John G. Long. enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Nov. 20, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865, James Mee. enl. Dec, 15. 1863. Promoted to Corp, June I, 1865, Mus- tered out with the Co, Tod Merwin, enl, Dec, 29, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865, Abram Osterhaut, enl, Dec. 26, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 20, 1864. James H. Robbe, enl. Dec. 11, 166.3. Mustered ou June 27, 1865. Lucas O. Roberts, enl. Oct. 25, 1863. Captured Oct. 1. 1864. Died in Salisbury prison March 9. 1665. Benjamin M. Rudd. enl. Jan. 2. 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Absalom Scott, enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salis- bury prison Nov. 23, 1864. Daniel J. Sharp, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Died at home Nov. 5, 1864. Lewis Sharp, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865. Mus. tered out with the Co Henry B. Simmons, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Mustered out June 27. 1865. Stephen .4. Smith, enl Dec. 89, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, O., Nov. 28. 1864. William J. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 15. 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Charles Wallace, enl. Dec. 17. 1863 Mustered out June 27. 1865. John Watkins. enl. Dec. 1.5. 1863. Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps. Nov, 30 1864. Joel W, Wyatt. enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out June 87. 1865. George W. Milliken. enr. as 2Dd Lieut. Aug. 21, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, O., Feb. 28, 1864. John Woodward, enl. March 14, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Oliver Law, enl. Jan. 2. 1864. Disch. March 16. 1864. MelTin D. Chappell. enl. Dec. 10. 1861. George A. Grannis. enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. .\ug. 7, 1865. Andrew Landers, enl. Feb. Feb. 22. 1864. Mustered out July 18, 1865. Patrick McCanna. enl. Feb, 84, 1864, George Sands, enl, Feb, 12, 1864, Mustered out with the Co, Dennis Shehan. enl, Feb. 16, 1864. Missing since action of March 31, 1865. Joseph Tribfllner, enl. March 2, 1864. Wounded June 24, 1864. Michael Nelligan, enl. Feb. 19. 1864, Died in Hosp, at Cleveland Sept. 3, 1864. Benjamin F. Sbierer, tnl. Feb. 13, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 16, 1865. John W. McKibben, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp May 1, 1865. Disch. June ~7. 1865. Horace Austin, enl. Jan. 34, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865. Howard S. Bates, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Disch. May SO, 1865. Lemuel Berry, enl. Feb. 27. 1865. Disch. June 87, 1865. William Boden. enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. June 27, 186.5. Lorenzo Burdick. enl. Jan. 24. 1865. Disch. Jnly 5. 1865. Henry Darrow. enl. Jan. 4. 1864. Disch. Juno 27, 1865. Frederick P'oster. enl. Jan. 34. 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865. James L. Morris, enl. Jan. 4. 1864. Disch. June 3. 1865. James Nolan, enl. Feb. 27. 1865, Disch, June 37, 1865, Albert A, Pettibone, enl, Jan, 4. 1864, Disch, for disability May24. 1865. Calvin R, Sno-w, enl, April 5, 1865, Disch, June 27, 1865, Jonathan Swartz, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Diseh. June 37, 186.5. Roger Williams, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Disch. June 87, 1865. COMPANY H. Fritz Miller, enl. March 1. 1865. Disch. June 6, 1865. Philip Spotz. enl. Feb, 25, 1865. Disch. June 27, l.'CS. James Buck, enl. March 3, 1864. Transf. to Invalid Corps May 3. 1865. COMPANY I. Reuben E. Osgood, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. May 16. 1868, to 1st Lieut. July 25, 1864. to Capt. Co, 1 Jan. 1, 1865, and to Maj, July 30. 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Aug. 7. 1865. William Allen, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865. James Brennan, enl, Jan, 20, 1864, Mustered out with the Co, Charles H, Brown, enl, Feb, 14. 1864, Mustered out with the Co, Cyrus Carpenter, enl, Feb, 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY. ETC. 169 Henry Fox, enl. March SI, 1805. Mustered out with the Co. Bartholomew Oreen. enl. Feb. SO. 1K65. Mustered out with the Uo. Georgf Krause, enl. Feb. ar, 18G5. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac N. Rhodes, enl . Fell. S, 18li4. Mustei-ed out with the Co. Samuel Shari)e, enl, Mai-ch 10, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. John C. Shepard, enl. Feb. 2(1, 1804. Mustered out wilh the Co. Daniel Smith, enl. March 10. 1864. Mustered out wilh the Co. Wilham Smith, enl. Feb. 10. 1864. Disch. June IT. 1805. William Stowe. enl. Jan. ii. 1804 Clustered out with the Co. Wdliam S. Wakeman. enl, Feb. 29, 1804, Mustered out with the Co. Frank Hanks, enl. Feb. 28, 1804. Killed May 28, 18W. Philip W. Bradford, enl. Feb. IS. 1W4. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland March 26, 1X64. James N. Wade, enl. Jan. 5. 1804. Died at Erie, Pa.. March 25, 1805. Charles D. Ayres. enl. Feb. 13. 1804. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Irving B. Minor, enl. Feb. 39, 1804. Disch. May 29, 1805. John Ferris, enl. Oct. 31. 1803. Mustered out June 27, 1805. Christopher C. Hively. enl. Feb. 35, 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1805. George Hoffman, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. William E. Hill, enl. Feb. 13. 1801. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Evan Davis, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1805. Dennis Dwyre, enl. Jan. II, 1804. Mustered out July 11, 1865. Loyd W. Irwinger, enl. Feb. 15. 1804. Disch. for disability Dec. 28, 1804. Peter Jacobs, enl. Sept. 8. 1804. Disch. May 30, 1805. Jacob Lease, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865. •Sylvester Morgan, enl. Aug. 30. 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865. Albert Eapke. enl. Sept. 8. 1804. Disch. May 30, 1865. fieorge Smith, enl. Feb. 31, 1864. Transf. to the Navy April 27, 1804. Melvin G. Wakeman, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Mustered out June 19, 1865. COMPANY K. John E. Wyatt, enr. as 1st Lieut. Oct. 8, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Feb. 37, IKW. Disch. March 3. 1,865, Isaiah McConkey. enl. Feb 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mu-tered out with the Co. Aug. 7. 1865. Francis G. Hollmeier, enl. Feb. 13, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Lane. enl. Jan. 31, 1804. Mustered out witji the Co. Reuben Meachem. enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Clustered out with the Co. Charles B. Olcott, enl. Feb. 38, 1864. Mustered out July 11, 1865. Perry Orendorff, enl. Feb. 2. 1804. Mustered out with the Co. David Palmer, enl. Feb. 14, 1801. Mustered out with the Co. Edwin Viers, enl. Feb. 21, 1804. Mustered out with the Co. Nehemiah Viers, enl. March 11. 1804. Mustered out with the Co. Dallas M. Ware. enl. March .30, 1804. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 37, 1805. Charles Irish, enl. April 4, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 21, 1864. Cyrus P. Harmon, enl. Dec. 10. 1803. Disch. for disability May 31, 1865. Thomas Hay ward. enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Elijah McConkey, enl. Feb. 7, 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Henry W. Morrell, enl Feb. 21, 1S04. Disch. June 10, 1805. Hezekiah Or-iudorflf, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability. John O'Connor, enl. Jan. 8, 1804. Mustered out Jime 37, 1865. William Quinn, enl. Jan. 9, 1804. Disch. for disability. James E. Viers, enl. Feb. 21, 1804. Mustered out June 27, 1805. Reuben E. Osgood, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 1, l.^l . Transf. to Co. I. George Cntshaw, enl. Dec. 10. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed inaction June 17. 180!. Wellington Parker, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Shot accidentally Oct. 2, 1862. William F. Tousley, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Died in Hosp. Jan. 0. 1865. Cassius C. Starr, enl. Sov. 9, 1801. Promoted to Sergt. Died in Hosp. April 22. 1805. Henry Fieldhouse. enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Died in Hosp. Sept. 3, 1865. Warren L. Sprague, enl. Dec. 10, 1801. Died in rebel prison June 6, 1861. Thomas S. Bark. (See Non-Com. Staff. > Harry A. Young. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Jesse Welshur. enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out .luue 37. lKii5. William D. Warriner, enl. Dec. 11. 1861. Promoted to Sei-gt. Mustered out June 37. 1865. Horace I, Edgerton, enl, Oct. 18. isoi. Promoted to Corp, .Mustered out June -37. iwio. William Elliott, enl, Xov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out Christopher House, enl. Nov. 21. 1861. Disch. for disability June 39, 1863. Lumen S. Holt. enl. Oct. 15, 1801. Mustered out June 37, 1805. Hiram Brown, enl. Nov, 28, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 37, 1803. Newton D, Boyd, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Mustered out June 27. 1805, Henry L, Campbell, enl. Oct. 12, 1801. Disch. for disability Aug. 9. 1802. .\ndrew J. Lamb, enl. Nov. 28, 1801. Disch. for disability Oct. 7, 1802, Calvin Sprague, enl, Oct. 14, 1801, Disch, for disability Oct, 39, 1862, Jefferson Thomas, enl, Nov, 1, 1861. Disch, for disability, William H, Thomas, enl. Dec, 11, 1861, Disch, for disability Feb, 5, 1863. Harrison Winters, enl, Dec, 0, 1801, Disch, for disability Dec, 31, 1862. William Wheeler, enl. Dec, 10, 1801, Disch, for disability 3Iay 28, 1802, Ezra T, Wyatt, enl, Dec, 8, 1861, Mustered out at end of term, Dec. 22, 1864, David Johnson. (See Non-com. Staff, i M, I), Trimm, enl, Dec, 10, 1801, Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, Roswell (i. Thomas, enl. Dec, 11. 1801, Disch, for disability, COMPANY L, George P, Heintz, enl, Feb. 18. 1804. Promoted to Corp. May 1,1865, Mustered out with the Co, Aug, 7, 1805, Leroy Chase, enl >Iarch 31, 1804, Killed by accident March 7, 1805, Daniel France, enl, Feb, 13, 1864, Disch, for disability March 13, 1865, William Hantz, enl, Feb, 13, 1874, Disch. June 37, 1865, Charles A. Mahoney, enl. Sept, 1, 1864. Disch, May 30, 1805. Charles Mahoney, enl, March 26, 1804, Disch, June 27. 1865, Henry T, Maple, enl May 34, 1864, Disch, June 27, 1865. Stuart O'Neill, enl, April 5, 1864, Disch, June 27, 1865, James Redditt. enl, Jan, 7. 1864, Disch. June 27, 1865, William Santiman, enl, Feb, 5. 1864. Disch. July 37, 1865. Robert Underwood, enl. Feb, 12, 1804, Disch, July 20, 1KC5, for disability caused by wounds, James Falk, enl, March 31, 1864. Died in .\ndersonville prison. Jan. 23, 1865. Daniel Ring, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Aug, 7, 1865, COMPANY M, Thomas B, File, enr, as Corp, Jan, 4, 1864. Killed in action Sept, 30, 1864. Euclid M, Suplee, enr, as Corp. Dec. 28, 1863, Promoted to Sergeant Mustered out with the Co, .\ug, 7, 1865, Andrew Flick, enr, as Corp. Dec. 19. 1803. Disch, Jan, 22, 1865, Charles W. Gardner, enr. as Bugler Nov, 18. 1863. Promoted to Corp. Clustered out June 37, 1865 . John Anderson, enl. Dec. 2.3, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Ernest Burmester, enl. Dec, 24, 1863, Died in Hosp, at Cleveland, March 17, 1864. William Campbell, enl, Dec, 25, 1863, Mustered out June 27, 1865, Philip Carey, enl, Deo, 24. 1863, Mustered out with the Co, Frederick Drager, enl, Dec. 2-3. 1863 Died in Salisbury prison Nov, 28, 1804, James E, Durwent, enl, Jan. 2, 1864, Prom, to Sergt, Maj, Dec, 1, 1864, Ezra T, Daniels, enl, Jan, 1. 1801, Mustered out June 27. 1865, Benj, F, Entrikin, enl, Dec, 18, 1863, Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 37, 1865, Adoniga Eidinise, enl, Dec, 31, 1803, Mustered out June 37. 1865, Almoreen Eidinise. enl. Dec. 34. ISO^J, Mustered out June 27, 1865, John N Fillson, enl, Dec, 26, 186:J, Died in Salisbury prison Jan, 1, 1865, Francis M, Falloon. enl, Dec, 15, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, Robert M, Gilson, enl, Dec. 23, 1863. Died from wounds, L.ec. 16, 1864. Charles Hitchcock, enl, Jan, 4. 1864. Disch. May 17, 1865. George W. Hunter, enl. Jan, 1, 1804. Mustered out June 27, 1865, Henry J, King. enl. Dec. 29, 1803. Promoted to Corp. Died from wounds May 13. 1.865, Michael Mulverhill, enl, Dec. 33,-1803. Mustered out June 27, 1805. Nathaniel Morehead. enl, Dec, 31, 1863. Disch. July 6. 1805. Jacob .Miller, enl, Dec, 29, 1803, Mustered out with the Co. James McLean, enl. Dec, 38, 1803, Mustered out July 0, 1805. Leman J. Morey, enl. Jan, 4. 1804, Mustered out June 27, 1805, Harrison Rundell, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out July 6, KSOo. Arthur Rearding, enl. Jan. 2, 1804, Clustered out June 27, 1805, John Rearding, enl, Jan, 2, 1804, Mustered out with the Co. Gideon Rabshaw, enl, Dec. 23, 1803, Mustered out June 27, 18M, Edward Stewart, enl, Dec, 23, 1863, .Mustered out June 27, 1805. William S. Shaw, enl, Dec, 32, 1803, Mustered out June 24, 1805. Elmer Stine. enl. Dec, :M, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Stine, enl. Dec. 30, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. William F, Smith, enl, Dec, 28. 1863, Mustered out June 37, 1865, Henry .1, Shepley. enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 27, 1805. John Thomas, enl. Jan. 4, 1864, Died at City Point, Va,, June -38, 1864. Robert D, VanFossen. enl. Dee, 20. 1863, Mustered ont June 27, 1805, John B, Whittaker, enl, Jan, 1, 1804, Mustered out June 27. 1805. John A, Stiver, enl. Feb. 11. 1805. .Mustered out June 19, 1805. David H, Bricker, enl, Feb, 34, 1864, Promoted to Corp . Mvistered out June 37. 1865. John A. Algier, enl, Feb, 11, 1865.' Mustered out June 37, 1865, Peter Conway, enl. Dec. 39, 1803. Mustered out June 27, 1805. John J. Handell, enl. Dec, 30, 1803, .Mustered out June 27. 1805. 170 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER X X XIV. TENTH AND TWELFTH CAVALKY Organization and Equipment of the Tenth— Around Murfreesboro— At Chickamauga— Defeating Indians and Capturing Vance— The Atlanta Campaign— Opening the Battle of Resaea— Service under Kilpatrick— On the March to the Sea-Scattering Wheeler's Horsemen— Captur- ing Cannon with the Saber — All Wlieeler's Cavalrj- Defeated— Through the Carolinas — Mustered Out — The Cuyahoga Members— Brilliant Ser- vice of the Twelfth Cavalry — A Vivid Record — Guarding Prisoners— In Kentucky— Starting for Saltville— Back to Meet Morgan— A Rat- tling Ride— Charging into Camp — A Desperate Fight— The Rebels De- feated—The Final Rout at Cynthiana— Hei-rick's Fifteen Scatter Four Hundred — Morgan's Power destroyed— Another Saltville Expedition — A Terrific Night — 3Ieu and Horses falling down Precipices— Reach- ing Saltville — Early's Infantry- The Unionists defeated— Loss of the Regiment— To East Tennessee— The Third Saltville Expedition— Co. F. leads a Charge— Gillem meets Vaughn— Charge after Charge —"A 'Whirlwind on Horseback— Thirty-three Miles in Six Hours— Eight Cannon captured — Wytheville taken in an Instant — Back toward Saltville— Meeting Breckenridge— His Flight— Destruction of the Salt "Works— The Twelfth as Constant Rear-guard -The Last Great Raid — Six Thousand Horsemen — Tearing up Railroads —Defeating Four Thousand Infantry— Capturing Thirteen Hundred Prisoaers and Four- teen Cannon— Sixty -seven Days in the Saddle— Service after the War -Mustered Out in November — Cuyahoga in the Twelfth. TENTH CAVALRY. Although organized at Camp Taylor, near Cleve- land, iu October, 1862, this regimeut was uot equipped so as to be ready for the field until the spring of 1863. It had thirty-eight men from Cuy- ahoga county, about half of them in Company I, and the rest in Companies E, F and H. It proceeded to Nashville and thence to Murfreesboro; remaining at and near the latter place on active scout and picket duty until the latter part of June, 1863, when it advanced with Rosecrans' army in the Chattanooga campaign. At Chickamauga it guarded the commu- nications in the rear. Afterwards a part of it remained in the Sequatchie valley, fighting guerrillas, while the rest went to East Tennessee, where it was engaged for three months iu almost daily conflict with the outlying troops of Longstreet's force. At one time the command defeated three hundred Indians and two hundred North Carolinaiaus under General (now Senator) Vance, of that State; capturing that officer, his wagon-train and a hundred of his men. After the re-union of the regiment it was mounted, and in the spring of 1864 moved forward with Sher- man on the Atlanta campaign. The Tenth led the charge which opened the battle of Resaea, suffering heavy loss, and thereafter it was actively engaged under the fiery Kilpatrick throughout the campaign. Under this renowned leader it was engaged in numer- ous conflicts with tlie enemy's cavalry, which was thus prevented from annoying the main army. The Union liorsemen were also of the utmost use in obtaining information of the enemy. During the "March to the Sea" in the autumn of 1864 the cavalry did whatever fighting was done, and, as the Tenth Ohio was esjiecially accustomed to the use of the saber, it was frequently called on to lead a charge against the enemy which hovered on the flanks. At Lovejoy's Station nine regiments of Union cavalry, of which the Tenth Ohio was one, made a charge which scattered Wheeler's rebel horse almost in an instant. The Tenth also attacked gal- lantly and with great effect at Bear Creek Station. At Macon it charged the enemy's breastworks with drawn sabers, under the fire of thirteen pieces of artillery; driving the enemy out and capturing two of the guns. At Waynesboro, Georgia, on the 1st of December, the second division led the attack against all Wheeler's cavalry, then numbering nearly ten thousand men, while Kilpatrick had but about five thousand. While a part of the command advanced dismounted, the Tenth Ohio charged with the saber on the flank and aided in gaining a complete victory over the enemy, who was driven eight miles. During the campaign through the Carolinas the Tenth was also actively engaged on the flanks; inva- riably driving back the enemy's cavalry, and some- times scattering the demoralized infantry which had been picked up to make a show of resistance against the veteran columns of Sherman. The regiment was mustered out on the 1st of September, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CfYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Thomas 'W. Sanderson, enr. as Major Jan. 15. 1863. Promoted to Lieut. Col. April 20. 1864. and to Col. Jan. 30, 1805. Mustered out with the Reg. Sept. 1, 1865. Lyman C. Thayer, enr. as Major Nov. 10, 186S. Resigned Oct. 6, 1863. William G. Hall, enr. as Asst. Surg. Feb. 1, 1868. Resigned Sept. 12, 186-3. Henry Frizzell. enr. as 1st Lieut, and Q. M. Oct. 4, 1863. Resigned June 13, 1863. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Lewis H. Brainard. enl Nov. 7, 1803. Promoted to Cora. Sergt. Jan. 15, 1863, and to Sergt. Major Jan 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. COMPANY E Edward M. Hayes, enr. as 3d Lieut. Oct. 9, 1868. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Jan. 15, 1863, and to Capt. March 17, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. I, ISlVJ. COMPANT F James S. Morgan, enr. as 3d Lieut. Oct. 18, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. March 24, 184, to 1st Lieut. Co. H. and .July 1, 1865, to Capt. Co. L. Mustered out with the Reg. July 24, 1865. TWKI.FTK ( AWVLRY.* Although the regiment had hut sixty-eight mem- bers from Cuyahoga county (scattered through all its companies, from fourteen in Company F, down to one in Company A,) yet its brilliant and interesting record is well worthy the attention of our readers, ilany other cavalry regiments doubtless had the will, but few had the fortune to meet with such stirring adventures, and these have been so vividly set forth in Captain Mason's narrative that we can only regret that the many interests with which we have to deal compel us to condense it to such meager proportions. Tiie regiment was raised in the autumn of 1863; almost all the officers and a large part of the men having seen service before. In November Companies A, C, D, F, I and L. under Major Herriek, with in- fantry arms, were sent to guard the rebel prisoners on Johnson's island; there being then much excitement regarding their threatened rescue. After arduous service there for three months, they joined the other companies at Camp Dennison; the latter having been drilling in the meantime at Camp Chase. At Camp Deni.ison full erjuipments were issued, including seven-shooting Spencer carbines, together with an extremely fine outfit of horses. On the Tth of April the regiment reached Lexing- ton, Kentucky. After various marches to and fro it set out from Mt. Sterling in May with other mounted regiments, all under General Buruside, to cross the mountains two hundred and fifty miles into \'irginia, and destroy the Confederate salt-works and stores at Saltville, in that State. After going to the valley of the Big Sandy and waiting there two weeks for sup- ]ilies, the command again advanced, but had scarcely made a day's march when the general heard from his scouts that the celebrated John Morgan had passed through another gap with a large force, and was mak- ing straight for the most fertile portions of Kentucky. The column iniinciliately reversed its course, and jiuslied on l)y forced marches to meet that energetic ciiminander. "Condensed from Captain F. H. Mason's history of the regiment. Captain Mason is also the author of an interesting history* of the Forty* second Infantry, to which accident prevented our giving the proper credit. Near nightfall on the 8th of June, thirty-seven miles from Mt. Sterling, it was learned that Morgan had taken the camp left there by the Unionists, with all the sick and convalescents, and all the stores uot taken on the expedition. He was then occupying the captured camp. The distance must be spanned before dawn or he would be gone. The already weary horses were urged to new exertions, and all night the column pushed forward at a rapid trot. Toward morning it broke into a gallop. Six miles from Mt. Sterling Morgan's careless pickets, who supjjosed the whole Union force to be in Virginia, were captured in an instant by the headlong column, W'ithout a shot being fired. A short halt was made to wait for the first dawn of light, and again the column went forward at a gallop; the Twelfth Ohio being in the van, except a small detachment of Kentucky mounted infantry, the men of which acted as guides. The inner pickets fired, but the assailants, urging their horses to a harder gallop, dashed over and past them without a moment's pause, and whirled straight at Morgan's mounted infantry, who lay in camp on the road the Unionists were following. Roused by the firing, they sprang up, and though completely sur^jrised made a sharp fight. The first battalion of the Twelfth drove them back into their camp, and then galloped on to attack Morgan's cavalry on the other side of town. The other two battalions were detained by a dis- mounted cannon. Sixty pushed forward under Major Moderwell. Moderwell and Colonel Brent, the Con- federate commander, met and severely wounded each other. The sixty were almost overpowered, when the rest of the forces came up. After a short but terrific fight the rebels fled at their utmost speed. Meanwhile the first battalion, two hundred strong, had passed through town and attacked the six hun- dred cavalry on the north side. One company of the Twelfth charged them on the flank — the other three in front; and, not knowing what force they were fight- ing in the uncertain dawn, the six hundred also fled toward Lexington. Hot pursuit was made and many prisoners taken, but the rebels were largely Kentuck- ians and knew the country better than the Unionists; so that the greater part escaped. Morgan was absent with a detacliment at tiie time of this combat, but soon returned and gathered his men. On the afternoon of the 9th he made a des- perate effort to recover Mt. Sterling, but the Twelfth Ohio lay behind a rail fence and cut his lines in pieces with a terrific tire: then charged and utterly routed him. In both contests the regiment had a hundred and thirly-.-eAen men killed, wounded ai.d missing. Morgan then retreated to Cynthiana; iiis thinned ranks being jiartly filled l)y rebel Kentuckians. There Burbridge's command again attacked him, at dawn on the ]2th of June. The Twelfth Ohio and Eleventli i Michigan again charged with drawn sabers in the I front line, and again the^rebels fled in utter coufu- 172 GENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. sion. Major Herrick crossed the river with a squad of fifteen. Seeing three or four hundred of the enemy in line, the squad instantly charged and the rebels fled, though doubtless they were influenced by the operations of larger detachments who were likely to cut off their retreat. Morgan's force was utterly broken np, and at once fled through the mountains; and in fact the celebrated partisan never did any- thing of much consequence afterward. During most of the summer the Twelfth was sta- tioned at Richmond, Kentucky, protecting the Union- ists from guerrillas. On the 20th of September it again set out for Saltville, with a force of nearly five thousand cavalry and mounted infantry, still under the command of General Burbridge. East of the Big Sandy the roads were even worse than before, and one night's march is described as probably the most fearful one ever made on the continent when no enemy was present. For miles the road wound along enormous cliffs which towered on one side, while terrific gorges yawned on the other. The rain fell in torrents and Egyptian darkness shrouded the path, save when the blinding lightning half revealed the perils which threatened the devoted soldiery. No less tlian eight men with their horses fell down those awful precipices and were killed, while many others who fell in less dangerous places, though badly bruised, were drawn up by the lariats of their com- i"ades. The column at length reached the vicinity of Salt- ville, and was making good headway against the forces with which Gen. Breckenridge was defending that place, when it was suddenly confronted by a large force, estimated at five thousand, of Early's in- fantry, which had come through from the Shenan- doah valley to defend the threatened point. The Unionists were completely defeated, and considered themselves fortunate in being able to escape through the mountains to Kentucky. The Twelfth Ohio had forty-nine killed and wounded on the expedition. In November, 1864, the regiment went to East Tennessee, and on the 12th of December set out on the third expedition against Saltville, which the Union generals seemed as determined to take as were the old crusaders to capture Jerusalem. This time the Twelfth was a part of six thousand cavalry under Gen. Stoneman. which was joined in Virginia by a smaller force under Gen. Burbridge. After defeating Basil Duke and capturing Bris- tol, with immense supplies, the column approached Abingdon, Va., in the night. A Kentucky regiment was ordered to charge into town. The colonel de- monstrated on account of the darkness, etc., when Lieut. Holt asked leave to lead the charge with Com- pany F of the Twelfth Ohio. Leave was granted, the company dashed forward at the gallop, and m twenty minutes Abingdoii was captured, though the gallant lieutenant was badly wounded. The command pressed forward and Gen. Gillem's brigade of four regiments (the Twelftli being one) was sent to Marion, where it met Vaughn's command of rebel cavalry with eight pieces of artillery. Gil- lem's men instantly charged, shattered the rebel force and sent it flying on the road to Wytheville, thirty- three miles distant. Then ensued one of the most remarkable rides known in the history of war. At every opportunity the Confederates placed one or two guns in position and endeavored to stop the LTnion advance. In every instance but a single shot was fired ere the men of the Twelfth, with their comrades, charged with the saber before the artillerists could reload, and cut them down at their pieces or com- pelled them to flee for their lives. In this way the whole eight pieces were taken and three hundred prisoners; besides which, half as many more were killed and wounded. Thirty-three miles were made in six hours without hardly a shot being fired by the Unionists. When tue column reached the hill nearest Wytheville, the town was in the wildest confusion. Vaughn's de- moralized men were mingled with the garrison and with the citizens fleeing from their homes, and no one knew what to do to escape from the terrible Yan- kees. Gen. Gillem sent a flag to demand a surrender. It was refused, and scarcely had the bearer turned back when Gillem thundered the order to charge, and the brigade went forward like a whirlwind. The Confederates attempted a feeble resistance but were scattered in an instant, and Wytheville with ail its immense stores was in the hands of the Unionists. After destroying the great railroad bridge over New river, the brigade rejoined Stoneman and returned toward Saltville, which had been passed. Gen. Breckenridge left his intrenchments there, and came to see who was tearing Virginia to pieces in this re- markable manner. A regiment in advance of the Twelfth met the enemy's cavalry, and began to dis- mount in order to fight on foot. Major Herrick im- mediately rode ahead with two hundred sabers, charged and drove the enemy's horse, back in confu- sion on his main body. Breckenridge had a large force, but after maneuvering a while he began to fear he should be cut in pieces, and fled to North Carolina. The command then destroyed the great salt-works at Saltville, thus striking another terrible blow at the Confederacy, and started back across the mountains. The hardships of the return were very great, the Twelfth Ohio being constantly required to act as rear guard, because, as the commanding general said, he wanted " no skedaddling from the rear." After six weeks in Kentucky the regiment again went to East Tennessee, and engaged in its last great expedition. It started on the 20th of March; the whole force comprising six or seven thousand horse- men under Gen. Stoneman. The column took an extremely circuitous route, but finally struck the Lynchburg and East Tennessee railroad at Christians- burg, Virginia, tearing up fifteen miles of track and preventing the retreat of Lee in that direction. Then it rode eastward to the Richmond and Danville road. TENTH AND TWELFTH CAVALRY, ETC. 173 where it performed ii similar service. Approaching .Salisbury, North Carolina, a part of the force, includ- ing the Twelfth Ohio, defeated four thousand Confed- erate infantry with a single charge: capturing fourteen cannon and thirteen hundred prisoners. It then re- leased what Union prisoners were left at Salisbury, and moved southward. It had no more serious fight- ing to do, but by its movements aided in the capture of .Jefferson t)avis, passed on through Georgia and Alabama, and, after being sixty-seven days in the saddle, reached the Union lines at Bridgeport in tiie latter State on the 26th of May. After serving in East Tennessee three niDuths and ill Middle Tennessee two mouths more, it was mus- tered out at Nashville on the 1-lthof November, 1805, and was dislmnded at Columbus, Ohio, on the 23d of tilt' same mouth. MEMBEKS FROM CUYAHOUA (OIXTY. FIELD ASD STAFF. Jiihn F. Herrick, enr. as Capt. Co. F, Sept. 19, l&Xi. Promoted to Major Oct. S4. 1863. and to Lieut. Col. July l.i, 1^65. Resigned July 16. 1865. Brig. Genl. by brevet. N'ON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Edward Clifford, enr. asSergt. Aug. 37. ISia. Promoted to Sergt. Major Nov. 34, 1863. Disch. for disability Feb. 16, 18(i4. John A. Phelps, eul. Oct. 19, 186-3 Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. May 1, 1864. .Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24. 1865. Henry V. Schenck, enr. as Com. Sergt. Oct. 20, 186-3. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865. Howard H. Hall, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Promoted to Com. Sergt. and to Q. M. Sergt. Nov. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. COMPAMV A. Nicholas Anitillop, enl. Aug- 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24. isiij. Henry Uotts, enl. Sept. 17 1863. Disch. for disability March 23, 1864. James Hussey. enl. Sept. 26, 1863. Made officer of Sixth U. S. Col. Cav. Donald W. McDonald, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Clifford. (See Non-com. Staff.) COMPANY B. .John A- Phelps- (See Non-com. Staff.) .John Burns, enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Disch. tor disability April ■-•7, 1865. Robert B. Foutts. enl. Oct. 24, 1863. Made officer of 72d Reg. U. S. Col. Troops Sept. 27. 1864. (i.'orge C. Hinshillwood, enl. Oct. 23, 1863. Killed at battle of Saltville, Va., Oct. 2, 181)4. (ieorge \V. Middleton, enl. Nov. 23, l8i>3. Detached for special duty at Kno.wille, Tenn., Aug. 1.5, 1865. COMPANY C. William H. Collins, enl. Oct. 3. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865. John Snider, enl. Oct. 23. 18ia. Mustered out with the Co C0MPA.VV D. Archibald H. Thomsen. enr. as 2d Lieut Oct. 28, 186-3. Promoted to 1st Lieut, and transf. to Co. D Jlay 11, 186."). and to Capt. Nov. 12, 1865. 51ustered out with the Co Nov. 23, WA. i.hn Harney, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY E. .\rehibalil H. Thomsen, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 28, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut, and transf. to Co. D May 11, 1865. John \V. Taylor, eur. as Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 24, IS63. JIustered out June JO, 1865 Lester Crittenden, enr. as Corp. Oct. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John B. .^Uchon, enl. Sept. 28, 1863. JIustered out with the Co. James Bell, enl. Oct. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis W. Dake, enl. Nov. 9, 1863. Drowned at Louisville, Ky., March 28, 1864. John Hartman, enl. Oct. 27. 1863. Died at Camp Nelson, Ky., Oct. 6, 1854. John W. Myers, enl. Sept. 28. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Tushinghara, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Disch. Aug. 5, 1864. John Wither.-ity. enl. Oct. 27, 1863. Mustered out May 21. 1865. COMPANY F. John F. Herrick. enr. as Capt. Sept. 19, 1863. (See Field and Staff.) Wells A. Chamberlain, enr. as Corp Oct. 19, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. I. 1805. Mustered out with the Co. Nov, 24, 1865. William I. Pond. enr. as Sergt. Oct. 8. 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. 117th Reg. U. S. Col. Inf. July 15, 1864. W'illiam Heffron, enl. Sept. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Clustered out with the Co. Frederick Gotts, enl. Oct. 6, lf63. Made Trumpeter Nov. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Frank L. Bostwick, enl. Oct. 26. 1863. Transf. to Reg. Band. Mustered out with the Reg. John Dagner. enl. Oct. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. W'illiam Long, enl Sept. 2.5. 1863. Disch. for disability Oct. 24, 1864. Thomas W. Nolan, enl. Sept. 21. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William L. Raymond, enl. Oct. 26, 1863. Died at Mt. Sterling. Ky.. June 15. 1864. frnm wounds rec'd June 8. EllshaC. Woods, enl. Sept. 21. 1863. Disch Aug. 14, 1865. Daniel M. Hall. enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Nov. 7. 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Nov. 12. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865. Howard H. Hall. (See NonCom. Staff.) Benj. A. Griggs, enl. Nov. 8, 1863, Killed in action at Mt. Sterling, Ky., June 9, 1854. Charles M. Hall, enl. Oct. 13. isns. Died June 16, 1864, from wounds rec'd in action June 8. COMPANY H. Lewis W Nickerson. enl. Nov. 14. 1863 Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 22, IS64. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 23, 1865. William Braden, enl. Nov. 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Francis Newson. enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James W. Slocum, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Died at Louisville, Ky., July 15, 1865. Ralph Spencer, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY I. Isaac Green, enl. Nov. 3. 1863, Killed at Saltville, Va.. Oct. 2, 18(U. COMPANY K. James L. Green, enl. Nov, II. isia. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 23, 1865. Frank P. Jacobs, enl. Nov. :U, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Johnson, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Killed at Mt. Sterling, Ky., June 8, 1864. Matthew Sanderson, enl. Nov. 16. lKfi3 Mustered out Nov. 9, 1865. John B. Shannon, enl, Nov. 13. 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 10. 1865. William Shears, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Speddy. enl. Nov. 9, 186:). Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Waltermyer, enl. Oct. 31, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Orlando C. Van Wagnen, enl. Nov. 10, 1863. Josiah D. Clarke, enl. Nov. 10, 1863 Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865. John Fesse. enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George R. Fox. enl. Nov. 10, 1S6;. Mustered out with the Co. Dennis Leary. enl. July 27 1864. JIustered out June 16, 1865. William Sayles. enl Nov, 3, 18i>3. Transf. to Vet Res. Corps Dec. 3, 1864. Mustered out .\pril 25. 1865. William Humlong. enl. Nov. 12, 1863. Prom, to Sergt. Maj. Feb. 17, 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Disch. July 20, 1865. John H. Conoway. enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 34. 1865. Joseph W. Bridge, enl. Nov 2. 1N6:J. Mustered out with the Co. Martin Dosch. enl. Nov. 16, 186:). Mustered out with the Co. James Forsythe, enl. Dec. 5, 1863. Disch. June 23, 1865. John Jones, enl. Nov. 4, 18(i3. Mustered out with the Co. Dennis Keef, enl. Nov. 4, 186:J. Mustered out with the Co. George Wilson, enl. Not. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William .-V. Wicks, enl. Nov. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. 174 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XXXV. FIRST LIGHT AHTILIiEKY, ETC. The Old Militia Regiment— Tlie Offer of Service— To tlie FroDt onTwo Days Notice— In West Virginia- The Fight at Philippi— Laurel Hill and C'arrick's Ford— Mustered out of the Three Mouths' Service — Reorganized for Three Years— The Batteries serve separately— Number of Cuyahoga Men — Batteries mustered successively— Battery A in Kentucky— At Corinth- Back to Kentucky, and then to Ten- nessee —Four Guns lost at Stone River— Stubborn Fighting- The Advance— Hotly engaged at Chickamauga— In East Tennessee~Re- enllsted— The Atlanta Campaign— Pulaski and Columbia— Subsequent Services— Mustered out — Battery B under Thomas— Wild Cat Camp — Mill Springs— To and fro— Hard Fighting at Stone River— Chick- amauga —The Re-enlistment — Long Sojuui n at Bridgeport - Mustered out— Battery C at Mill Springs- The Advance on Corinth — Northward with Buell — In Reserve at Perryville— .\ Fight with Morgan— Its Conduct at Chickamauga— The Re-enlistment— Through the Atlanta Campaign — Down to .the Sea, and through the Carolinas-Out of Service— Battery D at Ivy Mountain— Captured at Mumfordsville— Re-organized— Taking Cumberland Gap — Defending Knoxville— The Atlanta Campaign, etc— Mustered out — Battery E on the Same Old Ground — An Ariillery Duel — Success and Disaster at Stone River- Its Subsequent Battles— Home again- Battery G at Pittsburg Land- ing-Long Marches— Stone River— Constant Services— Two Months under Fire — Re-enlistment- After Wheeler — Resisting Hood— Nash- ville— At Huntsville for the Winter — Into North Carolina— At New Orleans— Citizens Once More — Battery K in Virginia— McDowell, Port Repbblic and Cedar Mountain— Lairy's Ford and Bull Run- Hard F'ighting at Gettysburg— With Hooker to Chickamauga— The Fight at Night— Its Last Battles— End of Service— Roster oi Cuya- hoga Soldiers in the Whole Regiment — Men of the Second Heavy Artillerj- from this County. The First Oliio Voluiitt-er Light Artillery had its origin in a militia regiment, called the First Ohio Light Artillery, which was organized in 1860. It consisted of six companies; four, (A, B, D and E) of Cleveland; one of Brooklyn and one of Geneva, in Ashtabula county. It was officered by Col. James Barnett, Lieut. Col. E. B. Sturgis, Major Gates and Quartermaster Amos Townsend. Each company had but one gun; so that practically the strength of the " regiment" was only that of a six-gun battery. It took part in the Perry celebration of 1800, and in the succeeding winter the officers and men adopted a reso- lution tendering their services to the State govern- ment in ease of necessity. When the storm burst in the spring of 1861, they were called on to redeem their pledge, and did so with the greatest promptness. The telegraphic order to take the field, with twenty men jDer gun, came on Saturday, the 20th of April, and in the evening of the following Monday, the com. mand reached Columbus, whence it was sent to Mari- etta. On the 28th of May it entered West Virginia. Col. Barnett, with four guns, was stationed for a while at Grafton. Lieut. Col. Sturgis, with two guns, took part in the fight at Philippi, and it is stated that these were the first cannon fired by the National forces after the fall of Sumter. About the last of June the detachment rejoined the regiment, which then advanced with Gen. Morris' command to Laurel Hill, and assisted in driving the rebels from that place. They were pursued to Carrick's Ford, where they were finally and completely routed, and their commander. Gen. Garnett. was killed. The regiment was then ordered back to Columbus, where it was mustered out of the three months" service near the 26th of Jul v. Immediately afterwards Gov. Deunison, undvr authority of the War Department, ordered the regi- ment to be re-organized for three years as the First Volunteer Light Artillery, with twelve batteries, of a hundred and fifty men each. It was mustered in on the 3d of September, 1861, and was provided with a colonel, lieutenant-colonel and three majors; yet from the nature of artillery service each battery acted separately. The field officers were detached on vari- ous staff positions, and rarely had any thing to do with the batteries which were nominally under their command. It will therefore be necessary to give a slight sketch of the services of each battery which had any considerable representation from Cuyahoga county. Of these there were no less than seven; Bat- tery A having thirty-eight Cuyahoga men during the war; Battery B, uinety-nine; C, thirty-nine; D, sixty- nine; E, sixty-two; G, a hundred and sixty-four, and K, forty-eight. Besides these. Batteries H and K hae three Cuj-ahogians each; I, four, and M, one; making a total of four hundred and ninety-two men, besides the field and staff. Things were done iu a somewhat slii)-shod way in those early days, and at the time at which the muster- in of the regiment was dated few of the batteries were full. As these were completed, they were mus- tered in. at Camp Dennison, and sent thence to the field. Following, we give an outline (necessarily brief to the extreme of mcagerness) of their respective ser- vices. The roster attached has reference only to the three-years men. BATTERY A. Battery A was mustered into the service Septem- ber 25, 1861, and proceeded at once to Louisville, lac- ing the first Ohio battery to report in that depart- ment. Remaining iu Kentucky during the winter, it moved in the spring of 1862 to Pittsburg Landing, via Nashville, reaching the former place at the close of the memorable battle fought there. It was in the advance on Corinth ; marched with General McCook through Tennessee, and with Buell through Ken- tucky. During these movements a portion of the battery, being detached for the defense of Mumfords- ville, was captured by Bragg. Marching southward from Louisville in Sill's division, it participated in numerous skirmishes en route, and did not reach Perryville until three days after the battle at that ix)int. In the Army of the Cumberland, under Rosecraus. it operated iu McCook's division. When the disaster occurred on the right at Stone River, Battery A lost four guns, but with the remaining two fought stub- boruly at every possible point; the officers and men continuing the contest until the last gun was disa- bled, and then aiding to work the guns of other batteries. It was reorganized and equipped at Murfreesboio and assigned to the second division of the Army of the Cumlierlaiid. It ]iarticiiiated in tlie movenieiit FIRST LIGHT ARTILLERY, ETC. 175 on Tulliihomu and foiiglic gallantly at Chickamauga, wluTe by the utmost exertion it saved its guns amid the general disaster, though with a loss of seventeen men killed and wounded. It entered Chattanooga witii tiie army and aided in the subsequent defense of thill idwii. While niarehiug through East Tennessee in I>eeember, 1803, and January, 1864:, it fought fre- quently with the enemy's cavalry, and invariably drove tliem back. On the 30th of January it re en- listed, and soon returned to Oliioon veteran furlough. It subsequently joined the second division of the Fourth army corps, and took part in the entire At- lanta campaign. Returning to Tennessee with the Fourth corps, it was warmly engaged with the rebels, under Hood, at Pulaski and Columbia. It jiassed on witiiout further active service to Nashville: arriving just after the battle before that city. Later it was sent to New Orleans, but after a short stay was brought home and mustered out on the 31st of July, 18C5. BATTERY B. This battery was mustered into the service on the Sth of October, 1861, with one hundred and forty- seven men, of whom ninety-nine w-ere from Cuyahoga county. It reported to Gen. Thomas in Kentucky, and saw its fii'st field service at Wildcat Camp, where it silenced a rebel gun. On the 5th of November it joined the Seventeenth Ohio Infantry at Fishing Creek, and during the ensuing month was busily en- gaged in skirmishing and scouting. Moving on the 17th of January, 186-2, to join Gen. Thomas at Mill Springs, it was in the thickest of the fight at that place, after which it proceeded to Nishville, where on the 4th of March it went into camp. On the 29th it joined BuelFs army, and, until the lOih of July, was employed in looking after the rebel caviilry tlien infesting Middle Tennessee. During July, August and September it was almost constantly on the march in Eastern and iliddle Tennessee and Kentucky. It occupied a place on the right wing of Buell's army at the battle of Perrysville. but took no part in the action. The battery encountered no stir- ring adventure until its participation in the battle of Stone river, in which it fought with great gallantry; losing seventeen men killed, wounded and missing. Its next important service was at the battle of Chicka- mauga. On the second day of that combat it was charged by a large body of the enemy, but at first drove them back with heavy loss. Another charge was made, and, as the infantry support had given wav, the battery was obliged to retreat with the loss of two of its guns. It shared the hardships of the siege of Chattanooga; remaining near there until after the battle of Mission Ridge. It then returned to Nashville, and, on the 4th of January, 18G4, sixty-five of the original mem- bers of the command re-enlisted as veterans. After they had enjoyed their thirty days furlougii, the bat- tery reported to Gen. Thomas at Bridgeport, Ala. ; remaining stationed at that point until Julj-, 1866. It was then sent to Columbus, Ohio, and mustered out; being one of the last organizations to retire from the service. BATTERY C. This organization was mustered into the service on the 9th of September, 1861, and on the 1st of October left Camp Dennison and reported to Gen. Thomas in Kentucky. Directly thereafter it joined an expedi- tion intended to relieve East Tennessee, and achieved signal honors at the important victory of Mill Springs. It joined Buell's army at Nashville, but did not reach Pittsburg Landing in time to take part in the battle. In the advance upon Corinth Battery C was busily engaged, and was afterwards active in the pursuit of the rebel army, formed a part of the rear-guard of Buell's army on the march to Kentucky, and at Louisville was assigned to the Fourteenth army corps. At Perryville Battery C was held in reserve near Buell's headquarters. In October, 1862, the battery was transferred to the Fourteenth army corps. It was with Carlin's brigade in a long march to intercept John Morgan, and was engaged with that celebrated rebel in a sharp conflict at Rolling Fork, Ky. It fought stubbornly in the battle of Chickamauga, under the dauntless Thomas, having thirteen men and thirty horses killed and wounded, and one gun dismounted, and being warmly complimented ijy tlie distinguished general just mentioned. Mission Ridge saw the battery again in action. After the achievement of that great victory it re-en- listed and was sent to Ohio on veteran furlough. Returning to Chattanooga in March, 1864, it left there in May to share in the Atlanta campaign. It bore a heroic part in the battles of Resaca, Cassville, New Hope Church, Peachtree Creek and the seige of Atlanta; losing twenty men in killed and wounded during the campaign. The battery accompanied Shernuin un his Savaniiah caminiign and also on the march through the Caro- linas; during which it was in action at Averyville and Bentonville. Thenceforth it saw no more active service, and, after appearing in the grand review at Washington, it was mustered out at Cleveland on tJie 15th of June, 1865. BATTERY D. Battery D was mustered into the service in Septem- ber, 1861, with one hundred and fifty men, of whom sixty-nine were from Cuyahoga county. On the 1st of November it left Camp Dennison and reported to General Nelson in Kentucky, and was engaged short- ly afterwards in a sharp skirmish at Joy mountain, Ky. After marciiing through Alal)ama, Tennessee, Mississippi and Kentucky without being in action, it fought at .Mumfordsville in September, 1862, when all its men and guns were captured. The men were l)aroled and returned to Camj) Chase, and, upon be- ing exchanged in .January, 1803, proceeded as a reor- ganized and well equipped battery to Kentuckv. It 176 GENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. was represented by an important detachment in a suc- cessful raid through East Tennessee: participated, in July, 1863, in the capture of Cumberland Gap, and took an active and gallant part in the celebrated de- fense of Knoxville. After this the battery re-enlisted. It marched with Sherman upon Atlanta ; did excel- lent service at the battles of Franklin and Xashville, and was eventually mustered out at Cleveland on the 15th of July, 186.5. BATTERY F. This organization was mustered in August 23, 1861, and in December joined the old Third division in Kentucky. Subsequently it followed General 0. M. Mitchell through Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama, and was in General Sill's division during the pursuit of Bragg. On the 16tli of November, 1862, it fought a brisk artillery duel with the First Louisiana Bat- tei'y at Lavergue, Tennessee, in which it was com- pletely victorious, and on the 37th of December as- sisted in driving the rebels beyond Triune. It dis- tinguished itself at Stone River; silencing a Texas battery and repulsing repeated charges of infantry and cavalry on the 30th of December. The next day, however, it was completely overwhelmed, aud all its guns and twenty-five of its men were captured, be- sides twent}--three men killed and wounded. Being refurnished with guns, it took part in the battles of Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and Nashville; being es- pecially distinguished for its gallantry in the great victory last mentioned. It was mustered out on the 10th of July, 186.5. BATTERY G. Battery G was emphatically a Cuyahoga-county institution, having, including recruits, no less than a hundred and sixty-four men from that county in its ranks. It was mustered in at Camp Denuison in December, 1861. On the 10th of February, 1862, it marched to .Jeiiersonville, Indiana, and on the 11th of March was ordered to join the Fifth division. On the 7th of April it entered the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and was engaged the entire day; being the only volunteer battery of Buell's army in that action. It also served with Crittenden's division throughout the siege of Corinth. After many long marches through Alabama and Tennessee, during the summer and autumn of 1862, it took part in the battle of Stone River at the end of the year, but was not in the hottest part of the fight. It was actively employed in skirmishing at Murfreesboro and on the march to Tullahoma, covered the rear in the retirement from Dug Gap, and was almost continuously under tire from the battle of Chickamauga until after the fight at Mission Ridge. On the 2d of December, 1863, it set out for Xash- ville, where seventy-six out of ninety-six men re- enlisted; being mustered as a veteran battery on the 4th of January, 1861. After being stationed at Nashville during the spring and summer of 1864, it was engaged in several sharp fights in August, while pursuing Wheeler's cavalry, which was driven across the Tennessee river. The battery also checked Hood's advance into Frank- lin on the 30th of November; losing on that occasion twenty-three men in killed and wounded. From December 2d to December 14th it was daily engaged with the enemy at Nashville; taking an active part on the latter day in the general engagement between Generals Thomas and Hood. It also fought at Ru- therford creek during Hood's retreat. During the winter it was stationed at HuntsviJle, Alabama. In March, 1865, it moved with the Fourth corps into Tennessee and North Carolina; returning to Nashville in April. In June it accompanied the same corps to New Orleans; returning in August, 1865, to Ohio, aud being mustered out at Camp Chase on the 1st of September, 1865. BATTERY K. Battery K left Camp Denuison in February, 1862, joined Gen, Sehenck in Maryland and moved with him into Virginia; fighting its first battle at Mc- Dowell and its second at Port Republic, It after- wards moved through the Shenandoah valley with Fremont, and fought under Pope at Cedar Mountain and in other less important conflicts. It took part in a sharp engagement at Lairy'sFord; having sixteen men killed and wounded, and thirty horses killed. It was also engaged under Pope in the second battle of Bull Run. The next year Battery K wcu much honor at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; losing on the latter field thirty-two men in killed and wounded. In October following, the battery accompanied the Twentieth corps under Gen. Hooker to Chattanooga, and was engaged in the night fight in Wauhatchie valley, near that place. It closed its fighting career at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. It was afterwards stationed in Northern Alabama until July, 1865, when it was sent north, and on the 17tli of that month was mustered out at Camp Denuison. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COIXTY. FIELD AND STAFF. James Baruett. enr. as Colonel April 20, 1861. Mustered out at expiration of term of service Oct. 20, 18&4. William H. Hayward, enr. as Lieut. Col. Xov 25, 1861. Resigned April 1, 186:3. Walker E. Lawrence, enr, as Major Sept. 12, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col. March 8, 18i>4. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Nov. 26, 1864. Warren P. Edgarton, enr. as Capt. Aug. 23, 1861. Prom, to Major March 25, 1864. Res. July 9, 1863. Wilbur F. Goodspeed, enr, as 1st. Lieut. Battery A, Aug. 9, 1861. Prom. to Capt. June 9, 1.862, and to Major Get. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery Aug. 10. ISiH. Charles E. .-Vmes. enr. as Asst. Surg. July 44, 1862. Mustered out with the Regiment, NOS-COMMISSIO.VED STAFF. James M, Watson, enr. as Q, M, Sergt. Aug, 23. 1861, Disch, for disabil- ity April 22, 186.3, Phillip Kreager. enl, Aug. 1, 1862. Prom, to Q, M, Sergt, Mustered out June 13. 1865, George B, Xewberry, enr. as Corp, Sept. 1, 1861, Prom, to Sergt, and to Q, M, Sergt, June 13, 1866. Mustered out with the Battery July 15, 1865. John McCauley. enl, Nov, 16, 1861, Prom, to Q. M, Sergt, June 13, 1865. Clustered out with the Battery, FIRST IJGHT ARTILLERY. ETC. nr Wilbur F. Goodspeeil. (See Field and Staff.) Charles W. Scoville, enl, Sept. i, ]8fil. Promoted to 3nd Lient. .\iiril 17. ISU3; to 1st Lieut. June 9, 18(i2, and to C'apt. Dec. 1. I«ill. Mustered out with the Co. Sanuiel W. Treat. Transf. from Battery O. Prom, to Ist Lieut. Mus- tered out July .11. IHiB. .\Ibert Reigler, enl. as Sergt. Batt. E. Aug. li'l, l.sui. Prom, lo-.'nd Lieut. Batt. .\. May 10, I.'*(14. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Cani]il)ell. enl. .\ug. 31. 18(!1. Mustered out July 31. lutB. Joseph W. Olllson. enl. Aug. 10. iSiil. P omoted to Corp. Oct. 10. 1HH3. and to Sergt. Sept. 2.5, 18tH. Mustered out July 31. 18(i.i. Charles Goodsell. enl. Feb. 2.i. 18(H. Mustered out July 31, 180.5. John Jteyer, enl. Aug. 81. l.>ilil. Mustered out July 31, 1805. Hazen J. Corlis, enl. JuneSa, 1803. Killed at Spring Hill, Tenn , Nov 29, 1861. Cyrus Cummiugs, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Chattanooga. Jan. 39, 1805. James J . Davis, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died at Nashville July 17, 1804. George D Fisher, enl. Dec. 18, 1803 Died in Hosp at Chattanooga, Nov. 4. 1804. Ezra S. Honeywell, enl. Feb. 27, 18)14. Died in Hosp. at Nashville, April 4, 1804 James T. McKee, enl June 5. 1S63. Died Dec 32. 18(i3, from wound re- ceived at Chickamauga Silas E Stough. enl. Feb, 37. 1804. Pied in Hosp at .Vashville. April 4, isii4. Alonzo Wolf, enl. Feb. 27, 18«. Died in Hosp. at :\Iarietta, July 19, 1.804 Walter H Barrows, enl. Dec 18, 1863. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Leverett C. Brush, enl. .\ug. 9, 1861. Captured at Stone River Dec. 31, 1803. Was exchanged and rejoined the Battery. Prom, to Corp. Aug, 13, 1S(;3; and to Sergt. Sept. 13. iww. Mustered out July 31. 1805. Joshua Holloway, enl. Dec. 35, 1863. Clustered out July 31, 1863. Andrew L. Kibbe, enl. Feb. 1.5, 1864. Mustered out July 31. 1HU5. George Wass. enl. Aug. 20, 1863. Taken prisoner Sept. 15, 1802. Paroled and discharged 18(>J. Frederick W. Wirth, enl. Sept. 33. 1801 . Promoted to Sergt. Oct. 4, 1.801 . ilustered out Sept. 25, 18fhl. Henry G. Bradley, enl. Feb. 13, 1864 JIustered out July 31, 1863. Varnum R. Grey. enl. .\ug. 0, 1863. Mustered out July 31, 1805. George B. Hewiit. enl. Aug. 4. 1862, Promoted to Sergt. March 10, 1803. Mustered out July 31. 1S65. Oziasr. Smith, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1805. Harmon M. Rinear. enl. Aug. 21, 1861. Disch. for disability June 16, 1863, Sherman J. .Vllen. enl. Aug. li, 1863. Taken prisoner Sejit. 13, 1862. Re- joined the Battery, and was mustered out July 31, 1865. Frederick H. Adams, enl. .\ug, S. 1862. Captured Sept. 13. 1802. Re- joined the Battery, and was disch. July 31, 1865. .Fames \. Barr. enl. Aug. 20, 1861. Promoted to Corp, Sept. 35, 18IU, Mustered out July 31, 18ti5, ,T. H, D. Barr, enl. Aug. 30, 1801 . Mustered out July 31, 1805. Henry T. Barr. enl. Aug. «, 1803. Captured at Stone River Dec. 31, 1802. Rejoined the Battery after exchange. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Charles A. Billings, enl. .\ug. IS. 1861 Promoted to Corp. Sept. 25,1864. JIustered out July 31, 18i«. Cumfort E. Chaffee, enl. Sept. 35, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 4. 1801. Mustered out Sept. 34, 18tH. Henry Perry, enl. Aug. 8, 1803. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Francis Brown, enl. .\ug. 6. IH02. Captured Sept. 15, 1862. Paroled and disch. for disabdity June 24, 186:1. Henry E Brown, enl. Dec. 31, 1803. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Nathan K. Holcomb, enl. Sept. 23. 1861. Mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. P. W. Holcomb. enl. Sept. 25, 1861, Mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Ira Van Ornum. enl. Dec. 15. 1803. Disch. for disability May 10, 1865, Thomas Jackson, enl. Feb. 37, 1864 Mustered out July 31, 1805, BATTERY B, William E, Standart, enr. as Capt, Aug. 10, 1861. Resigned Oct, 31, 1863. .lohn A, Bennett, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to Captain Battery I Sept, 10, 1863, Resigned Nov. 17. 1862. Norman A. Baldwin, enr, as id Lieut. .\ug, 18, 1861 , Promoted to Ist Lieut, Sept. 10, I8ia; anil to Capt, Dec. 16. 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, July 23. 18ia. George D, Eldridge, err, as Q. M. Sergt, Oct 1. isoi. Promoted to 2d Lieut, .Ian, 31, 18, 1861, Promoted to Sergt, JIus- tered out Nov, 7. 1864, John Q. Adams, enl. Sept. .5, 1801, Promoted to Corp, Transf. to Bat- tery K April 6. 1.864. JIustered out Sept. 15. 18(>4. Frank G. Rechley, enl. Sept. 5, 1.861. Promoted to Corp. fiisch. ,lune 8, 1863. Joseph .\xford. enl. Sept. 5. 1801. Transf. to Battery K April 0, 18(14. JIu-tered out Sept. 15, 1864. Robert S. .\very, enl. Aug. 11. 1802. JIustered out .lune 16. 1,'^03. Charles Abbott, enl. .Aug. 13, 1862. JIustered out June 16, 186.3. William .Vbbott. enl. .\ug. 13. 1862. JIustered out .Ume 10. I.s05. Thomas K. Bayard, enl. Sept. 3. 1N61 . Transf. to Battery K April 6. 1864. JIustered out Sept. 15, 18(H. Charles H, Bull, enl. Sept, .5. 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 0, 18(.4. JIustered out Sept. 15, 1864, Samuel B. Cole, enl Sejit, .3. 1801, Transf to Battery K .\pril 6. 1864, JIustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Reason B. Case. enl. July 15, 1863 Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 22. 1864 Frank Dietrich, enl, .\ug. 18, 1803. JIustered out June 16, 1865. Joseph A, Day, enl, Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out Nov, 7, 1864. Albert Fahrion, enl. Oct. 15. 1S6;J. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April -32. 1864. JIustered out July 30, 18G5. William Freeman, enl. .\ug. 9. 1802 JIustered out June 16. 1865. Fayette Green, enl. Oct 17, 1863. Disch. William Grant, enl. Aug. 4. 1862. JIustered out June 16, 1865. Charles G. Guilford, enl. Aug. II, 1862. JIustered out June 16, 1863. Frank Ha.stings, enl. Feb 24. 1864. Disch. May 18. 1863. Charles L. Harden, enl. Aug, 13, 1863. JIustered out June 16, I8«5, James Haihuway. enl. .\ug. 11, 1862, JIustered out June 16, 1865, Patrick Kelley, enl, Aug ;i, 1802 JIustered out June 10, 1863, Conrad Koch, enl, .\ug II, 1862, JIustered oat June 16. 1865. Alonzo D. Lee, enl Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. JIustered out Sept. 15, 1864, Henry Long. enl. .\ug. 0, 1863. Mustered out June 16. 1865. Ira H. JIatthews. enl. Feb, 34. 1804. Disch. May 13. 1865. Henry JIace. enl. July 36, 1863. Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps Feb. 27, 1861. 23 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. George Xagle, enl. Aug. 11, 186'3. Died in Hosp. at Bridgeport, Ala., Oct. 8, 18W. Charles B. Raedler, enl. Aug. 14. 1862. Mustered out June Hi, ISCo. Lester J. Richmond, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1805. Erastus H. Strop, enl. Sept. .5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. JIustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Levi L. Sawtell, enl. Aug. 3. 1862. Died at Nashville Feb. 24, 1864. Charles L. Smith, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Bridgeport, Ala., May 21. 1864. Cyrus B, Valentine, enl. Oct. 11, 1861, Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Jan, 16, 1865. James P. Willson. Died of fever in service. William Broa, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865. John French, enl. Aug. 12. 1862. .Mustered out June 16, 1865. William C. Howe. enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Bradford Teachout. enl .Aug. 4. I.-*i;2, Diseh Feb. S. I8ij4. Lyman B Richmond, enl. Sept .5. 1">61 Promoted to Corp. Mustered out nith the Battery July 22, I8()5- George Reading, enl. Sept 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery . Cassius C. McUrath, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery July 22, 1865. Silas A. Gardner, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch May 1-3, 181)5. Dwight N. Hamlin, enl. Sept. 5, l.>i61 . Piomoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery July 22. 1865 George Walters, enl. Sept, .5, 1861 Mustered out with the Battery July 22, 1865. Orlando D. Cole. enl. Aug 11, 1862. Died at Nashville, .March 8, 1.864. Robert Graham, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Thomas J. Holcomb. enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1,865. BiTTERY C James Storer, enr as Bugler Oct. 7,1861. Prom to 2nd Lieut Battery C, Jan. 26, 1.8ii4. JIustered out with the Battery Johu S. Carmiehael, enl, Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery June 1,5, 1865. Thomas L. Allen, enl. Feb. 86, 1854. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles C. Ciary, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. .\lbert D. Crary. enl. Feb. 1-3, 1864. Mustered out with the Hattery. James Cunningham, enl. Oct. 8, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. Fayette Dickens, enl. Jan 25, 1864. Musteredout with the Battery. William Farley, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel W. Gren, enl. .\ug. 30, 1'64. Mustered out with the Battery. Daniel Hill, enl. Dec. .30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. George WHcoa, enl. Feb. 11. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery- Andrew C. Johnson, enl. Aug, 22, 1862. JIustered out with the Battery. Jesse Long. enl. Jan. 13, 1864. Mustered out with tbe Battery. George Mallory, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery Thomas McCarty, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery John Mitchell, enl. Dec. 18. 1863. Mustered out July 28, 186.5. Fred. H. Morse,enI. Feb. 1.5, 18IM. JIustered out with the Battery. John H. Jlorse. enl. Feb. 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. WiUiam Mitchell, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. Clay Robinson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. Daniel Sweet, enl. Oct. 9. 1863. JIustered out with the Battery. George Sawyer enl. Dec. .30, 1868. JIustered out with the Battery, Jonathan Stafford, enl. Nov. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Howard W. Stowe. enl. Feb. 19, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. Norman H. Stalker, enl. Feb. 8, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. Alexander Thomas, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. JIustered out with the Battery. Allen Winterstein, enl. Dee. 28, 1868. JIustered out June 17, 1865 Henry Gilbert, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Killed in action at Cassville. Ga., Mav 18, 1864. Harvey Brown, enl. Dec. 18, 1.S63. Died at Jeflersouville, Ind., July 23, 1864. Charles Coffin, enl. Feb. 12, 1863. Died at JIarietta, Ga., July 18, 1864. Harmon Haywood, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., April 1, 1864. Charles E. Hemmingway, enl. Feb. 18. 1S64. Died at Chattanooga, Sept. 19, 1864. Daniel JIcLaughlin. enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Died at Nashville, Tenn., April 4, 1864. Stephen J. Parsons, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Died at Bridgeport, Ala., April 15, 1864. William H. Saunders, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Nashville. Feb. 27, 1864. Ransom Storm, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Died at Jefferson, Ind., Sept. 22, 1864, Oscar Troop, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Nashville, April 14, 1864. Zacuariah Blood, enl. Jan. 25. 18W. Disch. Silas JIallory, enl. Jan. 2. 18M. Disch. Jlay 25, 1864. JIartin Palmer, enl. April 15, 1864. Wounded Jlay 28, 1864. BATTERY D Lemuel R. Porter, enr. as 1st Lieut. Sept. 1. 1861. Resigned July 13. 186.8. Henry C. Lloyd, enr. as 2nd Lieut Sept. 1, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Battery E, 1st Tenn. Light .\rt. Oct. 3, 1868. Albert Edwards, enr. as Corp. Batt. G. Nov. 30, 1.8(;i. Prom, to 1st Sergt. to 2nd Lieut. Batt. K April 8, 18tV4. to 1st Lieut. Batt. D May 15, 1.S65. JIustered out July 15, 1865. Nathaniel JI. Newell, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 1, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Jan. 1, 1862. Transf. to Batt, G. Henry L. Vincent, enl. Batt. E. JIade 1st Lieut. Batt. D. Disch. Dec. 21, 1864. Jloses Y. Ransom, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. July 13, 1862. Resigned April 15, 1864. William Jl. Camp, enr. as Sergt. Batt. B Aug. 10, 1861. Prom, to 1st Sergt. Jan. 4, 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Batt. D March 11, 1865. Mus- tered out .July 15, 1865. George B. Newberry. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Cornelius Lineham, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. JIustered out with the Battery. JIartin I. Bender, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1861. Wari-an H. Goss, enl. Sept. 9. 1861. Jlilford N. Newell, enl. Sept. 5. 1.861. George H. Brown, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. JIustered out with the Battery. Edward Crane, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 23, 1865. Newman Koch, enl. .Sept. 6, 1861. William Killop, enl. Sept. 15. 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. James JIackey, enl. Sept. 12, 18iil. JIustered out with the Battei-y. Christian Owen, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. JIustered out Oct. 27, 1864. Edward T. Pritchard. enl. .Aug. 6, 1861. JIartin Seftling, enl. .Aug. 8, 1861. JIustered out with the Battery. Richard Blood, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. John Coughlin, enl. Feb. 24. 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. Henry Curtiss, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. JIustered out with ihe Battery. George W. Demaline. enl. Feb. 29, 1.864. Mustered out with the Battery. George W. Dye, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery Jlichael Farrell, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery James R. Grifflth. enl. Dec, 27, 1868. Disch. July 7. l.«65. Edwin Hoyt, enl. Feb. 26, 1864 JIustered out with the Battery. Casper A. Hendershott, enl. Jlarch. 7, 18li4. Mustered out with Battery. Philip Lovell, enl Feb. 26, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. George W. JIarkle, enl. Feb. 12. 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. William P. Jlori-ison, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. Levi D. Post, enl. Aug. 85, 1862. Disch. May 31, 1865. Henry L. Phillips, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mtisteied out with the Batteiy. Frank Jl. Root, enl. Feb. 27, 1854. JIustered out with the Battery. X, H. Richardson, enl. .Aug. 11, 1862. Left in Hosp. at Raleigh, Jlarch 6. 1865. Fred. U. Spink, enl. Jan, 11, 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. Watson D. Savage, enl. Feb. 27. 1864. JIustered out with the Batterv. Jlyion Silsby. enl. Jlarch 7. 186J. JIustered out with the Battery. Frederick Ellsler. enl. Feb. 27, l.'^64. JIustered out with the Battery. .Andrew A. Poe, enl. .Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 15, 1864. Killed in action June 17, 1864. Seneca Blood, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Jlay 10, 1864. Edwin Bell, enl. Jlarch 7, 1864. Died at Alexandria, Va., Feb. 18. 1865. Thomas B. Holness. enl. Aug. 17, 1862. Died in Hosp. at Greensboro, N. C.. Jlay 2;i, 1865. John Shellhorn. enl. Feb. 20. 1664. Died at Atlanta, Ga., July 29, 1864. James .--outhwood, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Died at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 10. ISfA. David R. Watson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Disch. June 10. 1865. Fulton Waite. enl. .Aug. 10, 1862. Prom to Corp. Disch. June 10, 1865. John F. .Adams, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. June 10. 1865. William Boyd, Jr., enl. .Aug. 12, 1862. Disch. June 10, 18i». James H. Bateuian, enl. -Aug. 7. 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Peter Cavener, enl. Jan. 2. 1862. JIustered out Jan. 2, 1865. William Cumberworth. enl. .Aug. IS, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Jacob M. Demas, enl. .\ug. 29, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865. Nelson Holcomb, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Disch. May 12, 1865. Burton J. Hoadly, enl. .Vug. 15, 1862.. Disch. June 10, 1865. George A. James, enl. Aug. 13, 1868. Disch. June 10, 1865. John G. King. enl. .Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Chester King. enl. .Vug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865, George Lovell. enl. Aug. 14. 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Julius D. JIai shall, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Disch. for disabiUtT .Vug. 20, 1.S64. Daniel Jlooney, enl. Jan. 2, 1862. JIustered out Jan. 2, 18(>5. Frederick Jloe, enl. Aug. 5. 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. James Sangster, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Sylvester Silsby, enl. Aug. 29, 1863. Disch. June 10, 1865. Albert Smith, enl. -Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Charles Stearns, enl. -Vug. 16, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Henry Steward, enl. -Vug. 17, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Daniel .V. Tompkins, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865. Luke Csher, enl. -Vug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. James W. Whitney, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Trueman C. Gaylord enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Trans, to Vet. Res Corps Oct. 4, 1861. JIustered out Aug. 5, 1865. BATTERY E. Warren P. Edgarton. (See Field and Staff.) .Vndrew Berwick, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. iS, 1861. Transf. to Batt. K, .Vlbert Reigler, enr. as Sergt. -Vug. 2.8. 1,861. Prom, to Batt. A. Henry G. Vincent, enr. as 1st Sergt. -Vug. 33, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Jan. 25, isiij. Sent to Batt. D. FIRST LIGHT AimLLERY, lOTC. 179 William Kiilton, enl. Sept. Sfi, I8I11. Mustered out Sept. 2B, ISM. William H. Laughlin. enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, ISM, Richard McKeeii, enl. Aug, 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, ISM. Jacob Westerman, enl. .\ug. 33, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1S64. Philander B. Gardner, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery .July 10, 1S(» .Tr>hn M. Hixon. enl July 3, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1804. 5Ius- tered«^ut with the Battery. Cyras P. McKenzie, enl. .\uk, 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Valentine H, Ault, enl. Aug. 13. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John E. Burrell, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Wellington F. Brown, enl. Aug. 39, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Carman, enl. Aug. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William O. Davis, enl. Aug. '.I, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery Jerome Desmyers. enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. OUverS. Emersin, enl. Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Abram Fowle •, enl. Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Joseph Hoover, enl. July 36. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John Hart, enl. Dec. 4. 1,863. Mustered out with the Battery. David James, enl. Oct. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Truman D. Miller, enl. Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered i>ut with the Battery. George W. Mason, enl. Jan. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Stephen M. Parrish, enl. Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Robert Rockwood, enl. Jan. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Strind, enl. Oct. 14, 18W. Mustered out with the Battery. David Shaffer, enl. July 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John S. Slocum, enl. Aug. 311, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Yaraaus. enl. Aug. 39. 1S64. Mustered out with the Battery. Georg,? Bond, enl. Nov. .i, 1861. Mustered out Nov. 5. 1.864. Nathaniel Furness, enl. Aug. 9, 1868. Disch. for disabiUty March 4, 1863. Rufus H. Law, enl. Oct. 4. 186 J. Disch. for disability Jan. 18. 186.3. Joshua W. Dewey, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 3:), 18in. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Philo French, enr. as Corp. Aug. 33, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. John W. Luce, enr. as Corp. Aug. 33, ISil Disch. tor disability Jan. 35, 1864. Francis J. Root. enr. as Corp. Aug. 33, 1,861. Disch. for disability June 18, 1863. Elijah 51. Strong, enr. as Corp. Aug. •2:i, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 16, ISM, Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Nathan B. Harrington, enl. Aug. •«. 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 18M. Thomas S. Berwick, enl. Oct. r, 1861. Died at Athens, Ala.. May 10, 1863. Alfred W. Chapman, enl. Aug. 33, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Clustered out with the Battery July 10. 18ii3. George F. Carman, enl. Aug. 93, 1,861. Mustered out with the Battery. Francis M. r rost, enl. Sept. 36, Isiii. Piomoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Francis .Jeffrey, enl. Aug. 3.3, isci. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 21, 1863. Disch. for disability Slay 27. 1S64. George B. James, enl. Aug 33. 1861 Mustered out Sept. 1. 1864. Charles E. Frost, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn.. Feb 17. 1S63. Patrick Nugent, enl Aug. 2.3, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 6. 1863. Anton Seavers. enl. Aug. 23. 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Savoy, enl. Aug, 23, 1861. Mustered out May 28, 18i«. on account of wounds received at Stone River Dec 31, 1862 Walter West, enl. Aug. 33, 1881 Jlustei-ed out Sep. 1, 1,864. Re-enlisted Oct. 13. 18M. Died at Chattanooga. Tenn., March 17, 1863 .■Plater West el. Aug. -23. 1861 Mustered out with the Battery. Henry O. West. enl. Aug. 33. 1861, Promoted to Corp, Oct. 21, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Charles Bark, enl, Aug. 9, 1862 Mustered out with the Batterv July 10, 186.'). Edwin B Brown, enl. Aug. 9. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery Edmund Clallin, enl. Aug. 9, I8B3. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 29, 1862. Ashbel W Coates, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. ( harles Furness, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 17, ISO:). William S. Simpson, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Mustered out Oct. 7, 18M James Storer. enr aa Bugler Oct 7, 1861. Prom, to Bitt. C. Kellum Smith, enl. Aug. 1, lS(i2 Disch. April 5, 1.863, on account of wounds reed at Stone River Dec. 31. 1803. Joseph Lowrey, enl. Aug. 11, 186'. Mustered out with the Battery July 10, 186.'). BATTERY F Joseph Bound, enl, Dec. 39, 1H63. Mustered out with the Battery. July 29, 1H6.-). George Hall, enl. Dec. 33. 18!i3. Mustered out with the Battery. Lafayette Joiner, enl. Jan. 4, 1884. Died in Hosp. at Nashville. June .30, 1864. James Lloyd, enl. Dec. 28. 1863. Transf. to Battery G. Wounded Dec. 19, 1864 Died at Columbia, Tenn., Jan. 13, ISO.") Torrence Montague, enl. Dec. 17, 18'il, Mustered out with the Battery. Charles M. Roof, enl. Dec. 28, 1803. Transf. to Battery G. Mustered out Aug. 31, 1865. Joseph Speddy, enl. Die. 24. 181)3. Transf. to Battery G. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out Aug. 31, 180.'). Charies A Stackhouse, enl. Dec. 21. 1ni13 .Mustered out with Batterv. BATTERY O. Joseph Bartlett, em-, as Capt, Nov. 16, 1861. Resigned Jan. 31, 1863. Alexander Marshall, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 12, 1861. Promoted to Capi. Feb. 37, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, Aug. 31, 1865. Nathaniel M Newell. Transf. from Battery D; made 1st Lieut. Mus- tered out Aug. 31, 1803. Frank W. Edgerton, enl. Dec. 10. 1801. Promoted to 2d Lieut. June 4, 18i;o. .Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel W. Treat, em', as Sergt. Dec. 91, 1861. Promoted to 3d Lieut. July 14, 18ia. Transf. to Battery A. Robert D. Whittlesey, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 17, 18.51. Promoted to 3d Lieut. July 9, 1862; and to 1st Lieut. Jan. 21, ISiB. Resigned May 90, IStKi. Harmon J. Clarke, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 3, 1861. Mustered out with Batt. George W. Bills, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 21, 1861. Promoted to 9d Lieut. Nov. 96. 1.862; and to 1st Lieut. Aug. -is, 1803. Resigned Jan. 20, 1.S65. Dwight J Sheldon, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 26, 18iil. Transf. to Co. M Slarch 11, 1N64. John White, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec. 1, 1861. William F. Sliney. Transf. to Battery I. Henry J. Farwell, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 23, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 18M, DeWitt G, Rathbun, enr. as Corp. Nov. 13, 1861. William Whitehead, enr. as Corp. Nov. 18, 1861. Transf. to Co, 51 March 11, 18M, Albert Edwards, Transf. to Battery D. Henry Clague, enr. as Corp. Dec. 12, ISJl. Transf. to Battery JI .March II. 1864. Benj. C, Martin, enr. as Corp. Nov. 33, 1861. Walter H. Davidson, enl. Dec. 23, 1861, Robert Mathison, enl. Deo. 30, 1811. Died in Hosp. at New Orleans, .July 2.), 1865. Daniel .\llen. enl, Dec, 4. 1861. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1,804. Died at Nashville, Dec. 5, 1864. Charles Aiken, enl. Dec. 19, 1.S61. Peter Anderson, enl, Dec, 5, 18C1. Mustered out with the Battery. .John Brogan, enl. Nov. 99, 1881. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry H. Barnett. enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Martin Brannin, enl. Dec. 14, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March U, 1864. Albert Bishop, enl. Dec. 30, IKOl. Thomas Burrows, enl. Dec. I, Isoi. Jacob Bieher, enl. Dec. 14, 1861. Promoted to Corp Mustered out with the Battery. Albert N. Beldon, enl, Nov. 18, 1801. 3Iustered out with the Battery. Harry Bonner, enl. Nov. 32, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel Brigham, enU Dec. 23, 18)1. Mustered out with the Battery. James H. Clinton, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Wounded Nov. 30, ISr>4. Disch. June 14, 1.863. John M. Clinton, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, mu. Henry S. Camp. Promoted to Battery K. Henry Cline, enl. Dec. 17, 1861. Transf. to Battery M .5Iarch 11, 1804. John Cline, enl. Dec. 25. isoi. Mustered out May 14, 1863. George B. Cox, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. William S. Carter, enl. Nov. 12, 1K61. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. John Cartwright, enl. Dec. 6, 1861. David Camp, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. JIustered out with the Battery. James Crandall. enl. Nov. 90, 1861. John Doherty, enl. Dec. 17, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Res, Corps March 7, 1864. Riley Dayton, enl. Nov. 30. 1801. George Day, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Richard S. Elliott, enl. Nov. 24, 1861. John L. A. Fentou, enl. Dec. 25, 1861. Alexander H. Griswold, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Transf, to Battery 51 51arch 11, 1864. James C. Hackney, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Elijah Harrington, enl. Nov. 30. 1801. William Harlow, enl Dec. 10, 1801. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1804. Charles Hogeland, enl. Nov. 13, I86I. Thomas Hicks enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to Battery 51 March II, 1864. Sheldon C. Hudson, enl. Dec. 95, 1861. Transf. to Battery M 51arch 1 1, ISM. Frank Hunter, enl. Deo. 5, H6I. Mustered out with the Battery. Benjamin Hard, enl. Nov. 19, ISiil. Mustered out with the Battery. Harvey R. .lones. enl. Dec. 5, 1861. David .lohnston, enl. Nov. 36, 1861. ilustered out with the Battery. James Kelley, enl. Dec. 2, 1861. Mustei'ed out with the Battery. Sidney 51. Kellogg, enl. Dec. 7, 1861 . John Lee. enl. Nov. 18, 1801. Th'imas Lewis, enl. Dec. id, 1.801. John Lilies, enl. Dec. 7. ISiil. Transf. to Battery M JIarch 11, 1864. Thomas Moran. eid. Nov. 31, 1861. .Seth .5Ianley. enl. Nov. 12, 1801. John Muri>hy, enl. Nov. 26, 1801. Promoted to Sergt. 5Iustered out with the Batter}'. Clarence L. JInrsh, enl. Dec. 5, isoi. 5Iustercd out with the Battery. 180 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COrXTY. John Marshall, enl. Nov. 21, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. June 13, 186.5. Mustered out with the Batter.7. John McCaule.v. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) John McNamara, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery 31 March 11. 1864. Ansel Minor, enl. Dec. 3. 1861. Charles Myers, enl. Nov. 18. 1861. Mustered out n-ith the Baitery. Patrick Mackin, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Henry Miller, enl. Dec. 33, 1S61. Larton Prince, enl. Nov. 29, 1861. Albert Pettis, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. George Peck, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Wilbur Parmenter. enl. Dec. 3, 1891. Mortimer L. Paddock, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Prom, to Bait. M. Niles Reese, enl. Nov. 25, 1861. Transf. to Co. M March 11. 1864. Hazen L. Roberts, enl. Dec. 10. 1861. Promote5. Mus- tered out with the Battery. John H. Brown, enl. Jan. 5, 1S'.H. Mustered out with the Battery, .^dam Cash, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Batterv. Norman Cleveland, enl. Jan. 19. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Simon Dallas, enl, Dec. 33. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Benjamin Fisher, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. William Frazier, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Arlington P. Hall. enl. Dec. 23, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery, Casper Harman, enl. March 1, 1864. JIustered out with the Baitery. Edwin Jones, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. James Keough, enl. May 37. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Kelley. enl. Feb. 39. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Livingston, enl. March 1, 1884. Mustered out with the Battery. William Mitchell, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. James Matson. enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Theodare Miller, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Philip Phiffer, enl. Dec. 2-3, 186:1. Johii Phiffer, enl. Dec. .30, 18S3. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward H. Pettis, enl. March 7, l8i>4. .Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Riddle, enl. Feb, 25. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Pet, r St. George, enl. Jan. 7. 1,^64. Mustered out with the Battery. Alfred P. Snodgrass, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Edwin Searight, enl. Feb. 22. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Lorenzo Stacey, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas J. Smith, enl. Feb. 35, 1864. Mustered out July 15, 1865. William .Stewart, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Hugh Stewart, enl. March 25, 1.864. Mustered out with the I attery. Charles H. Taggart, enl. Dec. 7. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas E. Wagner, enl. Jan. 5, 18-U. Mustered out with the Battery. John F. Miller, enl. Aug. 9. 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. John Schreiber, enl. Aug 9. 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Alonzo C. Waters, enl, Aug. 9. 1862. Mustered out June 13. 1865. Patrick Burke, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Feb. 36. 1864. Returned to the Batter.v and was mustered out with it. James W. House, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Chandler Waters, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 13. 1865. Charles A. Calhoun, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Luke D. Eddy, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Mustered out June 13. 1.865. Oscar L. Hosmer. enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. John Litsel, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. BiTTERT H. Thomas H. Bartlett, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 28, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. K. Lorenzo D. Whitney, enl. Aug. 37, 1864. Mustered out June 14. 1865. Lucien L. Phillips, enl. Nov. 17, 1S61. Mustered out Nov. 17, 1864. BATTERY I. William F. Sliney. enr. as Sergt. Nov. 12, 1861. Prom, to 3nd Lieut. May 21, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Battery I. Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out July 34, 1865. Charles F. Chase, enl. June 7. 1.161, Co. B, 7th Inf. Trans, to Battery I, Dec, 5. 18'31. Prom, to 3nd Lieut. Sept. 35, 18i3. Declined a second promotion. Mustered out July 34, 1865. George H. Simmonds, enl. June 10, 1861, Co. B, 7th Inf. Trans. Dec. 5, 1861. JIustered out July 24, 1865. Albert.^. Woolsey. enl. June 5, iSci. Transf. Dec. 5, 1861. BATTERY K. Andrew Berwick, transf. from Batt. E. Prom to 1st Lieut. Battery K, Jan. 21, 1865. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865. Henry b Camp, enl. Nov. 13. 1861 Prom to 2nd Lieut. Batt. K, Jan 7^ 1862, and to 1st Lieutenant March 27. 1862. Died Sept. 15, 1863, from wounds received at Cedar 3IountAin, Va. Thomas H. Bartlett. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Sept. 14. 1863. Resigned Oct. 1, 1863. Edwin C. Burns, enl. Nov, 33, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Jan. 7, 1864. Charles M. Shirley, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Prom, to 1st Sergt. May 1, 1862; to2nd Lieut. Nov. 3, 1862; to 1st. Lieut. Sept. 34, 1863. Disch. Oct. 15, 1863, for disability caused by wounds received at Gettysburg, July 1, 186:3. William Cobbledick, enl. Oct. 20, 1861. Mustered out .Tan. 16 1865, Phillip Berringer, enl. Oct. 29, 1861. Disch. Dec. 31, 1862. Milo Gage, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Transf. to Battery B. Dec. 1, 1861, Mus tered out Jul.v 22, 1865. Charles Herrig. enl. Oct. 20, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865. John Irvine, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 13, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Battery. Henry Blackford, enl. Jan. 15, 1862. Disch, for disability Nov. 10, 1862. William W. Burnham, enl. Aug. ii, 1862. Taken prisoner July 22, 1863. Died at Andersonville. June 21, 1864. David Brooks, enl. enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John C. Coover, enl. Aug. 14. 1863. Transf. to the Navy April 9, 1864. William Clark, enl. Jan. 15, 1.S62. Mustered out Feb. 30. 1865. John ,\. Davidson, enl. Sept 1,1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John S Danks. enl. Dec. 19. 1863. .Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Dillon, enl. May 31, 1804. Mustered out with the Battery. William Eddy, enl. May 16. 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Richard C. Ferry, enl. Jan. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Timothy Gorman, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William George, enl. Aug. 29, 1863. Missing since battle of Gettysburg, July 1. 18'i3, Jacob F. Henry, enl, Feb. 1, 1863. Transf. to Inv. Corps Dec 25, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 20, 1865. Charles Hitchcock, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Disch. tor disability April 14, 1863. Ernest Heyse, enl. Feb. 1. 186.'. Mustered out with the Battery. David Hewitt, enl. Aug. 27. 1862. Disch. for disability March 11, 1863. John Heffron. enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Findley Hiddleson, enl. March 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Karr, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John Kern, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865. Charles Klasgye, enl. Feb, 1. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William Klasgye, enl. March 26, 1864. Mustered cut with the Battery. Martin Kirkbride. enl. March 34, 1S64. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Leary, enl. Jan. 10, 18ij3. Mustered out with the Battery. THE IXDEI'EXDENT BATTERIES. ETC. 181 Thomas Lewis, enl. Aug. 14. IWW. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Leainjer Little, eul, March 84, ISW. Mustered out with the Batter.v. Frederick Jlinor. enl. Feb. 1, IC64. Mustered out with the Battery. Adam olhoff, enl. Feb. 1. ISbS, Disch. for disability Nov. 8, 18ia. Lewis Opert. enl. Feb. I. I8! Nov. 86, 1862, and to 1st Lieut. March 30, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 14, 1864. SECOXi) REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY. COMPANY M. George Beckwith enl. Feb. 36, 1864. .AIustereLl out with tlie Co. .^ug. 23, 1865. John Curtin, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Mo den. enl. Feb. 9. 1864. .Mustered out with the Co. Elia-i Rogers, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Vanness Sherwood, enl. Feb. !i, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Stephen C. Warner, enl. Feb. 18. ism. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Chase, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Disch. June 17. 1865. Owen Chase, enl. .\ug. 31, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. Gordon H. Shepard, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. CHAPTER X XXVI. THE INDEPENDENT B A i'TERIEd, ETC. General Remarks— The Si.-ith Battery a part of John Sherman "s Brig- ade—It opens the Battle of Mill Springs The Advance on Corinth- Silencing a Rebel Battery at Stone River— Guns lost and retaken — Inflicting a Crushing Defeat— Its Part at Chickamauga— The At- lanta Crapaaign— In the Thick of the Fight at Franklin— The End of Service— Members from Cuyahoga County— The Ninth Battery raised for the Forty-first Infantry — A Small Beginning — Gallantry at Mill Springs— Cuiuberland (iap— Skirmishes in 1863— Re-enlist- ment— The .\tlanti Campaign, etc -.Mustered out— The Cuyahogians — The Fifteenth Battery— Off to the Front— Grand Junction and Coldwater Creek- Vicksburg and Jackson- The Raid through Missis- sippi—To Northern Georgia— Its Numerous Services in the Atlanta Campaign— Through the Carolinas— Citizens .\gain— The Cuyahoga List— The Nineteenth a Cuyahoga Battery— Its Intelligence and Standing— Enthusiasm on their Departure— Sei vice in Kentucky— A Grateful People— A Section at McConnellsville— A Frenzied Vil- lage — The First Skirmish of the Nineteenth — The Enemy runs away— His Capture resulting - With Burnside to East Tennessee- Capture of Cumberland Gap— The Defense of Knoxville— A Section in Fort Saunders— The Terrible Defeat of the Rebels— Setting forth for .\tlauia— Opening Fire on the Works at Atlanta— The Battle of Nashville— Off to North Carolina— Its Services there— In Service no longer— The Residents of Cuyahoga— .Another Battery from this t'ounty— Trouble among the < )fScers— Engaged at Chickamauga— The Atlanta Campaign — Guarding Sherman's Flanks— Defeating Wheeler at Dalton — A Section surrendered ~ The Other Two with Thomas- Franklin and Nashville— Stationed at Chattanooga— Mus- tered out — The Cuyahoga Men The Twenty -first Batteiy guards Vallandigham— Watching Morgan— Fight at Walker's Ford, Tennes- see Services in Tennessee and Alabama— Return and Muster out— Twenty-fifth Battery-Gen. Blunts Detail— The Victories of New- tonia and Prairie Grove— Made the Twenty-fffth Ohio Battery- Service 111 Missouri ami Arkansas- Fighting North of Little Rock- Mustered out in ,\ugust, 184. Jlustered out with the Battery. John Blodgett, enl. March 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery . Ransom Brown, enl. March 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery John H. Bullock, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Adrian Brown, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Bennett, enl. Jan. 4, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery. Walter W. Clough, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Dufresul, enl. Jan 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery Frank E. Eggleston, enl, Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery John K. Ensworth, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustei-ed out with the Battery. Lucius Fowler, enl . Feb . 16, 18B4 . Mustered out with the Battery . Charles T. Hansard, enl. March 15, 18<>4. Mustered out with the Battery. Alonzo P. Jacques, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Seth Knowles, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. David A. Kelso, enl, March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Light, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John JSIehan, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Eugene A. Pendleton, enl. March 10, 1864. Mustered out with Battery. Charles A. Robinson, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. William H. Schoffer, enl. Jan. 3, 1.864. Mustered out with the Battery. Ransom L. Smith, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. 5Iustered out with the Battery. Josiah M. Smith, enl. Dec. 1", 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Delmar Stevens, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Clare Thompson, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Vandervert, enl. Aug. 30, 1.864. Disch. June 16. 1865. Caleb Williams, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 16. 1863. Thomas J. Willi ms, enl. Aug. 27, 1S&4, Disch. June 16, 1865. Henry M. Starin, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Disch. Feb. 28, 1863. Phineas W. Sherman, euL Feb. 16. IHftt Disch. .Tune 88, 1864. FIFTEEXTH BATTERY, Recruited in the counties of Trumbull. Ashtal)ula, Cuyahoga and Lorain, the Fifteenth battery was mus- tered in for three years. February 1. 1862, reported to General Grant at Pittsburg Landing April 2d, and as a part of the Fourth division participated in the siege of CorintJi. It did some brilliant work in a skirmish near Grand Junction, Tenn,, in September, 1862; fought in the battle of Metamora on tiie 5th of October; and w; s in the thick of the fight at Cold Water Creek, on the 19th of April. 1863. The battery went down the Mississippi with Gen. Grant; was on tlie front line during the siege of Vicksburg. and was engaged in July at Jackson. Mississippi. After operating on tJie Mississippi and lying in camp at Vicksburg until February. 1864, it marched eastward with Sherniaii against the enemy at Meridian, Enterprise and Quit- man. Mississippi, and then returned to Vick.sburg, where thirty-six of its men re-eulisted. After recruiting, the battery Joined Sherman in Northern Georgia, fought in the battles at Kenesaw mountain, wa.s oceuiiied in severe skirmislies and en- gagements ou the Nicojack and ChattaJioochie rivers, and was present at the capture of the Augusta rail- road near Decatur, Ga. It did very important work in the bloody fight of July 22d. when Gen. McPher- son was killed; and on the 28th of the same month it was the only battery engaged on the National side when Hood vainly hurled two corps against the forces commanded by Logan. The Fifteenth was also in Sherman's flank movement upon the rear of Atlanta, and was warmly engaged at the battles of Jonesbor- ough and Lovejoy's Station. It went down to the sea with Sherman, took part in the siege of Savannah, marched through the Caro- linas, and was present at Gen. Johnston's surrender. After having fought in thirty battles and skirmishes, and traveled more than five thousand miles, the Fif- teenth was mustered out at Columbus on the 20th of June. 1865. MEMBERS FKUM CUYAHOGA COUXTY. Edwin F. Reeve, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Jan. 7. 1862 Promoted to 1st Lieut. Dec. 31. 1862. Resigned June 16, 1864. Lyman Bailey, enr. Jan. 27, 1862. Prom, to 2nd Lieut July .30, 1.861, and to 1st Lieut. April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Styles E. Sturges, enr. as Corp. Jan. 2, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Dec. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery June 20. 1865. William Ames, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. John Becktol, enl. Jan. 24, 1862. Died at Natchez, Miss., 1863. Thomas Howlett. enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Merwin Webb, enr, as Corp. Dec. 8, ISi'.l. Died in Hosp. at Natchez, Miss. Robert Henry, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Hughes, enl Feb. 1, 1862. Died at Memphis, Tenn.. Dec. 21, 1862. George Ingraham. enl. Jan. 2!l, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Paul Kaiueier. enl. Jan. 30. 1862. Mustered out with the Btiilery. TlIK INDEPENDENT BATTKHIES, ETC. 183 Edward Kimberly. enl. Jan. 30, 1S6S. Disch. tor disability Nov. 11, leOS. John Keunely. enl. Jan. :». ISOS. Disch. for disability Oct. 16, 18«2. Hnxie E. Laudpliear, enl. Jan. ST, l&S. Died at Louisville, Ky., April 1, i!-. John W. Spencer, enl. Jan. 3J l>»y^. Mustered out with the Buttery. Thomas Stokes, enl. Jan. ■-'•J, IW.', Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 18t!5. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Stukcs. enl, Jan. «. I.sta Died in Husp. at Cincinnati. Charles True. enl. Jan ifl, IMi-' Died at Vicksburg. Miss., Aug. U, 1«IJ3 Thomas F. Ware, enl. Jan. -JO, LSGi. Disch. for disability Aug. 15, IMi. ■\Villian, R. Ware. enl. Jan. 20, 1863. Disch. for disability Aug. 15, 1862. Enos A. Wait, enl Dec. II, ISBl. Mustered out Dec. 2;i, 1804 Albert French, enl. Aug. 3", IHW. Mustered out with the IJattery. Martin H. Murphy, enl. March 22. 186^. JIustered out with the 1 altery. Henry Tegardine, enl \vg 31, 18i>4. Mustered out with the lialteay Martins. Weeks, enl. Marcli 7, I8I54. Mustered out with the battery. Lester Pancoast. enl. March 11, 18ii4. Disch. tor disability Aug. 16, 1864. Thomas Keiley, enr. as Corp. Dec. ", 18G1. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864. Albert Potter, enr. as Corp. Dec. ;, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864. Thomas Andrews, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864. Thomas Bennington, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Died at Naichez, Miss. Novem- ber, 1863. Cassius V. Briggs. enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Died at Bowling Green. Ky., .lan- I. 186:J. Royal French, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864. George Gerner, enl. Dee. 11, 1861, Killed at Cold Water, Miss., April 19, 1863, John Langton. enl, Dec, 'i, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 20, 18i'4. Mus- tered out with the Battery June 20, 1865. Orson W. Rice, enl. Dec. 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles H. Wilson, enl. Dec. U. 1861. Died in Hosp. at Vicksburg, 1864. Lyman D. Wescott, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Disch. for disability June 8, 1862. Sanuiel York. enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Promoted to Corp. JIarch 1, 1865. Mus- tered out w-ith the Battery. Mortimer F. Paddock, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery .lohn L Davis, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Disch. fordisability Dec. 25, 1862. XIXETEEXTH KAITEI^Y.* It is something less than a skeleton — only a few di.sjointed bones^that we can jiick out from the very interesting production mentioned in the foot-note. and place before our readers. The Nineteenth was raised at Cleveland by Capt. Joseph C. Shields, (being commonly called Shields" Battery,) in July, August and September, 1802; and its members, according to the records, were, with two or three exceptions citizens of Cuyahoga county. They were almost all men of good standing, and the historian of the battery boldly claims that it was the best edu- cated and most intelligent body of men that served during the war. After having a good time in camp until the .5th of October, the men. not yet provided with guns, set out for Kentucky, marching through the city to the depot escorted by the militia organizations, and cheered l)y tens of thousands of admiring friends — for all were tJien the soldiers" friends. Having re- ceived their armament, they served through the winter, and the spring of 18(53, at Lexington, Frank- fort, Richmond and Danville, undisturbed by the enemy, and always managing to extract all the pleas- sure possible from among the " lights and shadows of army life.'" About the 1st of June the battery was attached to tlie Twenty-third army corps, under Gen. Hartsutf, and moved southward. Ere long, how-ever. it was ordered to return, and ou the l".2th of July it reached Cincinnati, then in a state of intense alarm on account • From T. E. Trade's "Annals of the Kioeteenth Ohio Battery." of the operations of tlie celeln'ated and ubiquitous John Morgan. Tlie citizens collected by thousands, and every soldier was a hero who it was hoped would rescue the city from the dreaded gang of plunderers. At Hamilton, whither the battery immediately went, the generosity of the frightened citizens knew no bounds, and it was currently reported that one ener- getic artillerist accepted four invitations and ate four breakfasts before ten o'clock, a.m. The battery soon returned to Cincinnati, and moved eastward to guard the Ohio and prevent Morgan from escaping. On tlie 20th of July Lieut. Dustin, with two guns, went up the Muskingum on a .steamer, accompanied by four hundred hastily-levied '• scpiirrel hunters." Within two miles of McConnelsville, the county seat of Morgan county, a courier dashed up with information that Morgan was marching rapidly ou that town. All were immediately landed, and the section galloped forward (followed by tiie " squirrel hunters '"), into the little town, which was probably in a state of greater excitement than it has ever been at any other time, before or since; half the people running about the streets with valuables, uncertain what to do to save themselves from the great raider. Seven miles up the river the little command met Morgan"s advance, and promptly opened fire. The rebels were so surprised that they immediately turned and fled, followed by a copious discharge of shot and shell from the two guns. Thus it happened that the first shot fired at the enemy from any of the guns of the Nineteenth Battery were discharged in the State of Ohio: a result quite uulooked for by those who had set out for southern battlefields near ten months be- fore. On the section returning to McC'onuellsville, all previous expressions of enthusiasm were completely thrown in the shade by the gratitude of the rescued citizens. The little skirmish had (|uite important con- sequences, as it deranged Morgaifs plans and delayed his escape so long that he was soon captured. After returning to Kentucky the Nineteenth moved with Gen. Burnside to Kuoxville, in East Tennessee, thence turning northward and aiding in the capture of the great stronghold of Cumberland Gap. Return- ing to Knoxville, the battery engaged iu its first serious conflict with the enemy during the siege of that place by Longstreet, in November. All the guns were actively engaged, and one section was in Fort Saunders, the central point of the Union lines, when it was attacked by the reljels on the morning of the 2'.tth of November, and the grape and canister of the Nineteenth aided in inflicting one of the most crush- ing defeats of the war; nearly two thousand rebels being killed and wounded in forty minutes, while the killed and wounded of the Union side only numbered thirty. Soon after. Longstreet abandoned the siege. After arduous service in East Tennessee during the winter and early spring, the liattery moved, in May, 1804, on the Atlanta campaign. It was en- gaged at Resaca, Cassville. Pumpkin Vine Creek, Kenesaw Mountain. Now Hope Church etc., and 184 OENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. was the first to open fire on the rebel fortifications at Atlanta. After the fall of that place it i-eturned to Nashville, and took part in the great battle in front of that city, which finally crushed the hopes of the am- bitious Hood. The next move was a long one, made in February, 18G.5, to North Carolina. There, however, there was little left to do, and after taking part in the closing movements of the war it returned to Cleveland in June, and on the 39th of that mouth was mustered out of the service. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUXTY. Joseph C. Shields, enr. as Capt. July 28, 1862. Resigned Sept. 15, 1864. Frank Wilson, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 88, 1862. Promoted to Capt. Nov. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery June 27, 1865. WiUiam Dustin, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 28, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles B. Harris, enr. as 3nd Lieut. July S8, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. I, 1865. Mustered out with the Batter.v. Robertson Smith, enr. as3nd Lieut. July 28, 1862. Resigned Feb. 3, 1863. John N. Estabrook, enr. as l.st Sergt. .\ug. 13, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Aug. 1, 181.13. 'Mustered out with the Battery. James W. Grimshaw. enr. as Sergeant Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to 3nd Lieut. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas J. Poole, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 7, 1864. Pardon B. Smith, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 9, 1862. Prom. toQ. M, Sergeant. Mustered out with the Battery. James M. Johnson, env. as Corp. .\ug. 12, 1868. Prom, to Q. M. Sergeant. Disch. March 28, 1864. Robert D. Hanna, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 1, 1865. Disch. July 8, 1865. Arthur P. Gray, enr. as Strgt. Aug. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Luck, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. tor disability Jan. 19, 1865. Thomas J. Hudson, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out June 8, 1865. Simon V\'. Killam, enr. as Corp. Aug. 9, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. EU H. Simpkins, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mus- tered out with the Battery. Alexander G. Cassell, enr. as Corp. Aug, 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt- Disch. Feb. 3, 1861 George R. Campbell, enr as Corp. Aug. 12, 1868. Disch. March 19, 1864. Nonnan Champney, enr. as Corp. Aug. 7, 1863. Promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the Battery. William A. Bruner, enr. as Corp. July 31, l.'*62. Mustered out with Battery. William G. Byron, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 1, 1805. Mustered out July 9, 1865. Asahel B. Peters, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt Jan. 19, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward F. Brown, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11. 1862. Disch. Feb. 29. 1804. George H. Barber, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8. 1862. William H. Storer, enr. as Bugler, Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward Byerly, enr. as Bugler, Aug. 9, 1868. Mustered out with the Henry W. Redhead, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John H. Van Luven, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. James A. Wilson, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec. 27, 1864. James W. Allen, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John .Andrews, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas J. Armstrong, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with Battery. Joseph Armstrong, enl. Aug. 13, 1868. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 19, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Ira Brunei-, enl. July 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Horatio S. Bufflngton, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles E. Barrows, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. John Bassett, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Albert Bishop, enl. Aug. 11, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. Guy Ball, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Jan. 27, 1863. Alfred Bntes, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery Marx Buhl, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. AUmzo Barrett, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank D. i.ostwiek. enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John E. Bradford, enl. Aug. 12. 1863. Disch. for disability Feb. 8. 1864. Willi.un R. urger, enl. .\ug. 7, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. John C. Bissell, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William Burton, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John M. Concklin, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Fattery. Edwin J. Cobb, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. Jan. 14, 1864. James T. Carter, enl Aug. 8. 1862. Mustered out with the Bat ery. Melvin R. Carter, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William H. Cook, enl. Aug. 6, 1868. Mustered out with the Batlery. Joseph B. Crouch, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out Jime 23. 1865. William Childs, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out June 3. 1865. Alexander Chevalia, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Disch. May 13, 1864. Henry Curtis, enl. Aug. 2, 1868. Disch. March 24. 1865. Solon O. Campbell, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. July 86, 1863. Drurv F. Dryden, enl. .\ug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Clustered otit with the Batter.v. John B. Douglass, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Left in Hosp. at Knoxville, Tenn. Feb. 8, 1864. Edwin C. Dixon, enl. Aug. 6. 1862. Mustered out with the Batter.v. Edmund W. Davis, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Harry Ellsler, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George Flower, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the liattery. Horatio J. Foote, enl. Aug. 5, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 1, 1865. Disch. July 7, 1865. Samuel T. Ferguson, enl. Aug. 8, 1863. Died at Chattanooga July 7. 1864, from wounds rec'd in action. Adam Glib, enl. Aug. 11 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Gearity, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Austin C. Gaskill, enl. Aug. 11, 1868. Disch. for disability March 34, 1863. Jasper N. Gibbons, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability A\3g. 13. 1864. Oscar E. Ciifford, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Hosp. Steward of 8th Tenn. Cav. Merrick Gould, enl. Aug. 7; 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Gilbert, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John D. Galvey, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Sent to Hosp. July 29. 1864. George A. Haver, enl. Aug. 11, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Hartman, ehl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. James V. Hiddleson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. April 6. 1863. Theodore N. Harrington, enl. Aug. 5, 1868. Mustered out with Battery. Joseph C. Huston, enl Aug. 8, 1868. Mustered out July 17, 1,865. Jeremiah M. Hower, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Disch. April 4, 1865. Jlichael Houck, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. James Hendricks, enl. .\ug. 2. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William J. Hartzell, en!. Aug. 1, 1868. Mustered out with the Baltery. Heman H. Hubbard, enl. .Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Hill, enl. Aug. 5. 1863. Disch. for difability March 34, 1863. John Honoddle, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. Philip D. Hecker. enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William Hecker. enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Frederick Hodel, enl. Aug. 9. 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn.. Nov. 3, 1863. Samuel F. Herrick, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William Hogan. enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Promi ted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Alphonso Hard, enl. Aug. 11, 1868. Disch. for disability April 27. 1865. Wallace Harper, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. R. H. House, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Andrew J. Kelle.v, enl. Aug. 9, 186.. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward W. Kidney, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 6. 1865. Rudolphus M. Kreidler, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Albert J. Ketchum, enl. .\ug 11, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. Martin V. B. Leeper, enl. Aug. 13. 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 1,1865. Disch. July 8, 1865. Martin Leonaid, enl. .\ug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John Lowe, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Transf. to the Xavy June 37, 18W. William Maier, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Musteied out with the Battery. Edwin C. Morse, enl. .\ug. 11, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., March 1, 1864. Delos R. Marks, enl. Aug. 5, 1868. Died at Lexington, Ky. Jan. 17, 1863. Robert G. Marcellus, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. .A.ndrew F. McGhee, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. Feb. 8. 1663. William Messinger. enl. Aug. 1, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Marx, enl. Aug. 8, 1808. Mustered out with the Battery. Luke R. Murphy, enl. .-iug. 11, 1868. Disch. March 4, 1863. John Moore, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Walter Norton, enl. .\ug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Feb, 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Jeremiah W, Nash, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Died at Knoxville. Tenn,, May 10, 18M. Joseph M. Odell, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. ArtemusT. Proctor, enl. July 31. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George M. Patterson, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John C. Quinlan, enl, Aug. 11, 186-J. Mustered out with the Battery. Stephen G. Remington, enl. .Aug. 9, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery- THE INDEPENDENT BATTERIES. ETC. 185 Jliirrison H. Remington, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with Battery, .lames L, Reeil, enl. Aug. 1, 1802. Died at Stanford. Ky.. .luly 2. I«i3. Edwin C. Root, enl. .\uK. 4, 18l!2. Mustered out with the liattery. John Reese, enl. Aug. II, lS(i3. Mustered out with the liatterj-. Cieorge H. Root, enl. Aug. 11, isia. Disch. Feb. 29. IKW. .lolin Risley, eul. Aug. 12, 1S02. Mustered out with the Hatteiy. Henry B. Smith, enl. Aug. 4, IHIia. Mustered out with the Battery. Elbert B. Simons, enl. Aug. 5. 1H62. Mustered out with the Battery. Solon C. Storm, enl. Aug. 6, 1S62. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob K. Stucker, enl. Aug. 13, ISOS. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Strine, enl. .Vug. 13, 1K62. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel Sunderland, enl. Aug. 1, 1802. Disch. for disability ,Iuly 8, 1864. William J. Spafford. enl. Aug. 6, 1«62. Mu.stered out with the liattery. Smith Riley, enl. Dec. 30, 1813. Mustered out with the liattery. Alexander B. Stevens, enl. Aug. 9, 1S62. Mustered out with the Battery. James H. Stanford, enl. Aug. 11, l.si;2. Mustered out with the battery. William K, Scott, enl. Aug. 11, 18(3. Disch. June 19, 1KI«. Benjamin L. Sampson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the liattery. Robert Thomp.soii, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 Mustered out with the Battery. Theodore f. W. Tracie, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Ellis II. Torrey. enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability March 4, 1S63. Charles II. Viall, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Watkins, enl. Aug. 9, 1802. Prom, tol'orp. Mustered out with the Battery. Victor R. Williams, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. Jan. a», 1804. Andrew Wolf. enl. .Vug. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery, (ieorge Williams, enl. .\ug. 4, 1.802. Transf. to the Navy June 27. 1861. Erastus R. Waite, enl. Aug. 0, I8t)2. Mustered out with the Battery. Orrin L. Waite. enl. Aug. 6, 1802. Killed in action June 29, 1861. Richard H. Williams, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. Harvey S. Welch, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability April 4, 1803. .lohn Wolcott, enl. Aug. 11. 1S03. Disch. for disability March 3, 1803. ( hristiau Waltz, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the liatterj'. Kdwanl ('. Fairchild, enl. July 30. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Clustered out with the Battery. .lotm N. Barnum, enl. Aug. 20. 18IM. Mustered out with the Battery. Klilon (i. l)i.\on, eid. Feb. 2:1, ISI'vl. Mustered out with the Battery. Erastus II. Fox, enl. March 2^^, I8(V1. Mustered out with the Battery. .Mien .Monroe, enl. I^tarch 23, 18(>4. Mustered outwith the Battery. TWENTIETH BATTERY. This was another purely Ciiyahoga-county institu- tion; having originally a liunilred and fifty-six men, unilcr C'apt. Louis Sinitliiiight, but being filled up witii recruits from time to time it had no less than a ii Mildred and ninety-six men on its roll. It left Camp Taylor on the 31st of December, 1802, and on the 8tli of Kebniary, 1803, joined Rosecrans at Murfreesboro, Tfiin. After the resignation of C'apt. Smithnight, iiiiich trouble was caused by the appointment of an outsider and all tiie other commissioned officers left the service; their places being filled by men from the ranks. After taking part, in the advance of Rosecrans' army il. was actively engaged at the battle of Chickamauga, iiaving three men wounded and two taken prisoners. 'I'lic battery was stationed at Chattanooga during the siiteceding winter, and in May, 1803, it moved on the .\tlanta campaign. It was constantly called on to perform tiie difficult task of repelling the cavalry of Forest iind Wheeler in their numerous as.saults on the thinks of Sliernian's army, and also to maintain com- munications with the base of sujtplies in the rear. On the 15th of August, 1804, General fSteadman with a division of infantry and the Twentieth battery at- tacked Wiieeler's corps of cavalry, said to lie six Ihdusaiid strong, at Dalton, and after .several hours fighting drove them from the ]i]ace. Early in 8e|)tember a section of (he battery which bad reniiiincd at Dalton was surrendered, together with a regiment of colored troops, by the commander of the lalter, at the demand ..f (leiicial Hood, who was ou his way northward. The other two sections accompanied General Thomas, in the Fourth army corps, on his march to circumvent Ilood. The re- duced battery was gallantly engaged in the battle of Franklin, having fourteen officers and men killed and wounded. It was also engaged, though less severely, at the battle of Nashville. It was soon afterwards stationed at Chattanooga, where it remained until July; being mustered out at (jleveland on the T.itb of that inontli. MEMBERS FROM Cl'YAHOIiA COUNTY. Louis Smithnight, enr. as Capt. Aug. 21, 1862, Resigned April 27, 186:). William Backus, enr. as Cor|). Aug. 28, 1862. Promoted to 2d I.ieut. May 22, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Nov. 23, 1803; to Capt. Dec. 5, 1804. Mustered ^ out with the Battery. Frank O. Robbins, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 24, 1862. Resigned April 26, 1863. Charles F. Nitschelm, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 28, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. May 22, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Nov. 25, 1863. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. K, 1K64. Henry Roth, enr. as Ist Lieut. Aug. 1.5, 1802. Disch. Oct., 1863. Henry Horn, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 11, 1S02. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. f) 1864, and to 1st Lieut. Dee. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery.' Matthias Adams, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 24, 18(i2. Resigned May 24, 18(13. Harlan P. Joslyn, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 30, 18(!2. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 2.5, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Dee. '>, I8(U. Mustered out with the Battery. Oscar W. Hancock, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 1, 1H62. Promoted to 1st Lieut. May 22, 1863. Disch. Oct., 18(3. John S. Burdick, enr. as Corp. Aug. ;iO, 18(i2. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 2.'), 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Aug. 29, 1804. Killed in action Nov. 30, 1K(W, Charles G. Hilburts, enr. asQ. M. Sergt. Aug. 29, 1862. Disch. Nov. 11, 1863. Henry Hoelin, enr. as Corp. Aug. 20, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut, Dec. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Neraeher, enl. Aug. 30, 1802. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 5, 1864. Clustered out with the Battery. John G. Fay, Jr., enr. as Ist Sergt. Aug. 25, 1862. Disch. May 24, 1865. John S. Patterson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Pi'omoted to Q. M. Sergt, Mus- tered out with the Battery. John A. Zeller. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 28, 1802. Killed by accident at Alpine Gap, Sept. 12, 186:1. Frank Coquelin, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 2.5, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1863. Charles Beyrt, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1862. Killed in action Jan. 25, 1863. George Jansen, enr. as Corp. Aug. 26. 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn.. Nov. 2, 1863. William Sehrt, enr. as Corp. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with Battery. Barney Carey, enr, as Corp, Aug, 26, 1862, Promoted to Sergt, Disch. May 27, 1864. Jacob Hamrael, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1802. Disch. March 4, 1863, Edwin O. Fowler, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Kirby, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15, 1802. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 7, l.S6,5, Charles B. Baker, enr. as Corp. Sept. 8, 1862. Mustered out with Battery. Alfred Sugenthal, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1862. Disch. June 12, 1864. .lames H. Davis, enl. Sept. 29, 1862. Disch. for disability March 28, 1.865. Silas B. Vaughn, enl. Sept. (I, 1802. Transf. to Inv. Corps July 8, 1863. .\nton Eileman, enr. as Bugler Sept. 13, 1S62. Mustered out with Battery, Moriis N. Oviatt, enr. as Bugler Aug. 27, 1802. Disch. Sept. 22, 1863. John I'lirschner, enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Disch. Sept. 27, 1N6.3. Daniel .\rnett, enl Atig. 29. 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. La Fayette Allen, enl. Sept. 22. 18(»2. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Bohley, enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Disch. Jlareh 4, 18():J. James Brown, enl. .\ug. 29, 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. Theodore Brandt, enl. Sept. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Max Bias, enl. Sept. 3, 1802. .Mu^tered out with the Battery. Jerry D. Brush, enl. Sept. 1, 1802. Disch. March 4. 1S03. Conrad Bolts, enl, Aug, 30. 18(i2. Disch, March 1, 18(W, John Broman, enl. Sept, 11, 1802. Mustered out with the Batter}'. Christian Bernhanit, enl. Sept .30,1862. Died at Chattanooga, Dec. 1, 1S0.3. George Blatner, enl, Oct, 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery, Francis Becker, enl. Oct, 13, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery, Augustus F, Braiin, enl, Oct, 1.3, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery, Aulis Briggs, enl, Aug, 2fl, 1802, Mustered out with the Battery, .lohn Carr, enl. Aug, 30, 1S62, Promoted to Sergt, JInstereil out with the Battery, Thomas Cowley, enl. Sept, 28, 1802, Transf, to the Xa\T .March 10, IStU, Adam Conrad, enl, Aug, 27, 1862, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out with the Battery, Miles Cook, enl, Aug. 25, 1862, Mustered out with the liattery. 186 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. George M. Ohapin, enl. Oct. 13, 1802. Disch. Jan. 15. 1803. Augustus Dietrich, enl. Sept. 3, 1882. Mustered out with the Battery. Jolm W. Dickerson, enl. Aug.' .30, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Jlay 31, 1863. John De Weyer, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 10, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 1, 1806. Edwin Edwards, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Must«red ou: with the Battery. Henry Farrell, enl. Oct. 20, 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. John Fahl, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Died at Chattanooga June 7, 1804. Arnold Freiberger, enl. Sept. 35, 1862. Mustered out June 7, 1865 Richard Frick, enl. Sept. 1, 1862. Disch. Jan. 15, 1803. John W. Fuller, enl. Sept. 18, 1802. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Batter.y. Louis Fessler, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Graff, enl. Sept. 4, 1862. Died in Andersonville prison Sept. 12, 1804. William Grotzinger, enl. Sept 30, 1862. Disch. July 12, 1863. John Grotzinger, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Galeel, enl. Aug. :M, 1863, Mu.stered out with the Battery. Jacob H. Galeel, enl. Aug. 25, 1S02, Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Glaugner, enl. Sept. 2fl, 1802. Mustered out with the l.'attery. Jacob Heyot, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Hevy, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Hefty, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. Transt. to Reg. Army Oct. 31, 1809. Peter Hahn, eul. Sept. 13, 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Joras, enl. Oct. 8, 1802. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Robert Jeffrey, enl. Aug. 27, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 18(H. John Joyce, enl. Aug. 15, 1802. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. John Janklau, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, lSf4. James Knox, enl. Sept. 10, 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. John Loefler, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Died at Nashville June 9, 1801. George Lowman, enl. Oct. 13, 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Marquard, enl. Oct. 18, 1802. Mustered out with the i attery. Henry Matthew, enl. Oct. 5, 1802. Disch. July 20, 1803. Peter JIcGue, enl. Sept, 2. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Rudolph Myers, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Morey, enl. Sept. 5, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864. Abraham Muhline, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. John Miller, enl, Aug. 25, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Marquard, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Marquard, enl. Aug, 30, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Mills, enl, Aug. 29, 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Meyers, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter McCormick, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. March 28, 1863. Frank Neracker, enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. John Nebauer, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George Ningbra, enl, Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Horace Parker, enl. Aug. 21, 1802. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864. Jolm Party, enl. Aug 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Milo Ross, enl. Oct. 15. 1802. Disch. March 4, 186:J. Ransom Roscoe, enl. Aug. 25, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. John Rith, enl. Sept. 9, 1802. Disch. April 9, 186:J. Matthias Rohrbuck, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jolm Rib lid, enl, Aug. 25, 1862. Died at Chattanooga Oct. 5, 1861. Charles Rudolph, enl. Aug. 3S, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Rhodes, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Frederick Rash, enl. Sept, 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George Russ, enl. Sept, 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George Russell, enl, Sept. 30, ISlB. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Rashleigh, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William Ruff, enl. Aug. 26. 1803. Mustered out with the Battery. Philip Schwartz, enl. Aug. 30. 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry Sturbaum, enl. Sept. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Stahl. enl. Sept. 16, 1.863. Mustered out with the Battery. Alexander Stahl, enl. Sept. 18. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John Schneider, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps May 7 1865. Musteredout Aug. 11, 1865. ' John Schneider, enl, Oct. 11, 1803, Died at Chattanooga, June 5, 1864, George Somers enl, Oct, 8, 1862, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out with the Battery, George F, Smith, enl, Oct. 8, 1863. Transf. to the Navy JIarch 10, 1S61. William Sykes, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Schwan, enl. Aug. 23, 1802. Mustered out with the Battery. Jolm H. Taylor, enl. Aug. 33, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out With the Battei-y. E4. Mustered out June 7, 180.'i. Alexander Sorter, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Harris Billson, enl. Sept. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Henry Elder, enl. Sejrt. 7, 1.804. Mustered out June 7. 1865. Albert Case, enl. Aug. 29, 18r4. Mustered out June 7, 18i«. Peter O'Keesler, enl. Aug. 39, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 18(^, Till*: INDEPENDENT BATTERIES, ETC. 187 TWENTY-FIRST BATTERY. , The Twenty-first battery was mustered into the service for three years at Camp Ueunison, on the 9th of April, 18(i;5, and in May was sent down the Ohio from Cincinnati to Louisville as guard over Vallandig- ham, then on his way into exile. When Morgan crossed the Ohio, four of the guns of the Twenty-first were used on the steamers patrolling the river to pre- vent his escape. In September the battery proceeded to Tennessee, in which State it did considerable service, especially in a fight at Walker's Ford, on the 2d of December, 18G3, where it was remarkably ett'ect- ive. Its field of operations until the close of the war was confined to Tennessee and Alabama, where its chief cmitloymcnt was the guarding of important fords and railway lines. When the long struggle was ended the battery returned to Cleveland, and on the 31st of July, 1SG5, it was mustered out of the service. .MEMBERS FROM CUYAUOGA COUNTY. William H. H. Smith, eiir. as -Jnd Lieut. Nov. 19, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. March 1, 1S64. Mustered out with the Battery .July 21, 1803. Ezra Homes, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 10, 1862. Mustered out witli the Battery . Darius Baldwin, enr. as Corp. Oct. 31, 1863. Disch. July 15, 1863. Horace Wolcott, enr. as Corp. Oct. 17, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery. Charles J. Beebe, enl. Dec. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel Allen, enl. Oct. 11, 1SU2. Drowned at Cincinnati May 25, 1863. Thomas R. jVllen, enl. Oct. 31, 1H02. Mustered out with the Battery. Cleanthus Burnett, enl. Feb. 2-3, 1.S63, Promoted to Corp. May 17, IHOo. Mustered out with the Battery. William J. Eaklwin, enl. Oct. 13, 18li2. Lisch. for disability Aug. 10, 1863. Charles J. Colson, enl. Oct. Xi, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John H. Evarts, enl. Nov. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Ueorge F. Gould, enl. Oct. U, 1S62. Disch. June 19, 1865. James Hervey, enl. Oct. 16, I8(H. Disch. for disability Oct 38, 1SU3. Lymau S. Hodges, enl. Dec. 8, 1862. Disch. tor disability June 20, 1863. Jonas Heckert, enl. Nov. 27, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. June 16, 1865. James Lindeman, enl. Oct. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died in Hosp. at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 2, 1863. William Long, enl. Dec. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George Manchester, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Daniel McSwan, enl. Oct. 'i.\ 1862. Disch. from Hosp. June 16, 1.S65. Milton McFarland, enl. Oct. 25, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. May :30, 18ti3, and to 1st Sergt. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Mahony, enl. Oct. 21, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Josiah Ogle, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Disch. for disability Nov. 20, 18, 186.5. Wesley Summers, enl. Oct 21, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William Sinclair, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. Jlay 2il. 1X65. Nathan W . Tomlinson, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Promoted to in the U. S. Col. Heavy Art. Aug. 17, 18«>l. John G. Washburn, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Elbanan Winchester, enl. Jan . 34, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles CoUister, enl. Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. George W. Broukins, enl. Aug. 16, 18&4. Mustered out with the Battery. Loren Call, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Benjamin M. Curtis, enl. Aug. 13, 1801. Mustered out with the Battery. Elijah W. Curtis, enl. Aug. 15, 186). Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel B. Champlin, enl. Aug. 15, WA. Mustered out with the Battery. P. N. Curtis, enl. Aug 12, 18(M. Mustered out with the Battery. Warren W. Ely, enl. Aug, 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Tliontas W. Fowler, enl. .\ug. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Trumbull Granger, enl. Aug, 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Mackey, enl. .\ug. 12. 1861. Mustered out with the Batterj-. E/.ekiel Nichols, enl, Aug. 1-3, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Abraham J. Phelps, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. S|>encer Phelps, enl. Aug. 19, 18G4. Mustered out with the Battery. John II. Collistcr, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. May 18. 1865. TWENTY-FIFTH BATTERY. This originated in a detail made by Gen. Blunt in August, 18(>'.2, from the Second Ohio Cavalry, for temporary artillery service in Kansas and the Indian Territoryj and called by him the Third Kansas Bat- tery. It had a sharp fight with Texaus and Indians at Newton ia. Mo., on the >JOtli of Sejitember, and another on the 4th of October, in which the enemy was comi)letely defeated. In November aud Decem- ber following, it took an active jiart in the battles of Kane Hill, Prairie Grove and Van Buren. In return- ing to Missouri it crossed White river by means of shooting an empty case-shot across the roaring stream, with a line attached, by which an improvised ferry- boat could be worked over. In January, 1803, the detail was transmuted, by an order from the war department, into the Twenty-fifth Ohio battery. During the spring and foi'epart of the summer it served in Missouri; moving into Arkansas in July, and having several severe conflicts in August and September before arriving at Little Rock. In January, 1804, one hundred and twelve men out of a hundred and twenty-nine re-enlisted. After their veteran furlough they returned to duty in Ar- kansas, where they remained until the autumn of 1805. The battery was discharged at Columbus on the 13th of December, in that year. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Darius R. Baldwin, enl. Feb. 29, 1804. Mustered out with Battery, Dec. 13, 1.865. A. F. Fhnt, enl. Feb. 23, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Addison Lockwood, enl. April 13, 18(»4. Mustered out with the Battery. Robert Scanlon, enl. Feb, 18, 181U. Mustered out with the Battery, William C, Farrell, enl, Feb, 29, 1864. Disch. for disability Oct. 25, 1S64. Edward H. Pritchard, enl. March '^, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1S65. The^foUowing were transferred from the Fifth Cavalry in January, ].s*j3, with which regiment their records may be found: Francis A. Thayer, David V. Bell, Walter D. Barker, Henry W, Gage, Edwin Kin- nicutt, Luzerne W, Kelley, Henry Mead, Webster K. Nye, William Van Ornian, Thomas Scott, George W. Pollock, Gilbert J. Doolittle, Zina J. Buck, Elmer Breurr, William Christie, George Davis. Thomas Dodd, Patrick Dunn, George B. Hammond, John Olds, Nathan E. I'eufleld, Alex. C. Ruple, Henry Stuyesau, Wm. Fesshaupt. FIFTH UNITED STATES COLORED INFANTRY. .Mtliough this regiment was raised under the direct authority of the United States, yet it was entirely re- cruited in Ohio; and as it had a representation of fifteen members from Cuyahoga, it should receive mention in our work, though, from its being the only Unitetl Stales regiment noticed, it is somewhat difficult to locate it. It was begun in the summer of 1803 a.s the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Ohio Infantry. Recruiting was slow, however, till the new organiza- tion received the sanction of the national authorities, and was transformed into the Fiftli United States Colored Infantry. In November, 18G3, it went to Virginia with nine companies; the tenth joining during the winter. The next month it was engaged in an important raid into North Carolina, and behaved well in its first fight. After being encamped at Yorktown until May, 1804, it went up the James river with Gen. Butler. On the loth of June the Fifth, with the colored division, stormed the hights before Petersburg; eliciting the applause of Gen. W. F. ("Baldy") Smith, an old 188 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. regular officer, certainly uot iirejudiced in their favor. On the 29th of September the Fifth, with two other colored regiments, stormed and carried the rebel works on New Market Hights under extremely ad- verse circumstances. During the day's fighting the regiment suffered the terrific loss of three hundred and forty-two killed and wounded, out of five hundred and fifty-nine. It subsequently took part in the capture of Fort Fisher and Fort Anderson, North Carolina, and re- mained in service in that State until September, 1865; being discharged at Columbus on the 5th of October following. ilEMlSEKS FKOM UUYAUUUA I'OUNTY. COMPANY B. William A. Carter, enl. Aug. 8, 18M. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 30, 1805. Jefferson Pinkney, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Wounded Feb. aO, 1865. COMPANY F. James Alexander, enl. Sept. 8, 186:1 Mustered out with Co. Sept. 80, 1863. William Salisbury, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Hamilton, enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Died at Fortress Monroe. Nov. 3,1864. COMPANY I. John H. Harris, enl. Oct. 18, 18(a. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 30, J865. William A. Mott, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Died at Yorktown, Va., March 10, 1864. COMPANY K. John Simpson, enr. as Corp. Nov. 34, 1863. Wounded Sept. 3S, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 80, 1865. John Burke, enr. as Corp. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ransom Bennett, enl. Dec. 34, 186:S. Mustered out with the Co. John Bowman, enl. Dec. 34, 186:J. Mustered out with the Co. Lenis Jackson, enl. Dec. M, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Johnson, enl. Dec. 1 1, 186:j. Mustered out with the Co. Wilham Sley, enl. Dec. 35, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Jackson, enl. Dec. 34, 1863. Disch. May 39, 1SC5. CHAPTER XXXVII. THE PRESS. Reason for Placing it in General History— Extraordinary Number of Cleveland Journals— .V Newspaper Graveyard — Successful Journals— Our System— The First Newspajier in the County — The Oldest Survivor — The Advertiser — The Wlii^- Tlie Messenger— Ohio City Argus— Daily Gazette— The Liberalist — The Journal— Commercial Intelligencer— The Axe — A Log Cabin Scene- A Paper of One Issue— The Agitator— A Bad Year for Newspapers— The News and The Palladium— The Eagle- Eyed News-Catcher— The Mercury— The Guide and the Gatherer- Journalism under Difficulties at Chagrin Falls— The Farmers* and Mechanics' Journal— Two Campaign Papers— Spirit of Freedom— La- bour— True Kindred— Independent Politician- A Millerite Journal- Ohio American — The Times— Universalist and Literary Companion- Reserve Battery — Spirit of Freedom— Jledical Examiner — Temple of Honor— Spirit of the Lakes— Family Visitor— Its Contributors— Its Useful Character— Cleveland Commercial— American Advertiser— The Harpoon — School Bo.y— Golden Rule— Forest City— Annals of Science — American Magazine— New American Magazine— Commercial Ga- zette—The Germania— Spiritual Universe— Daily Review— Buckeye Democrat^National Democrat— Wool Growers" Reporter— The Agita- tor — The Analyst — Dodge's Literary Museum— The Vanguard— W^est- ern Law Monthly— Daily Dispatch— Effect of the War— Fewer Period- icals— Re^^val after the War— German Democrat- Christian Standard — Ohio Cultivator— Temperance Era— American SpirituaUst — Printing Gazette— Prohibition Era— Real Estate Recorder- Real Estate Journal — The Pokrok— Mechanics' and Blacksmiths' Journal— Coopers' Jour- nal— The Illustrated Bazaar— House and Garden— The Hygiena— Ober- lin New Era— The Pulpit^-Sontagsblatt-Cross and Crown- The Co- lumbia — Celtic Index- Linndale Enterprise— Our Youth— The Trio- Only Seven in a Year— Cuyahoga County Blade— Household Treasure — Irish National Magazine— The Indicator— Little Ones at Home- Maria Hilf— Pictorial World— Delnicke Liste— Labor Advance —House- hold Gem — Pleasure and Profit- W'est Side Sentinel — The Lantern — Living Papers— The Herald— The Plain Dealer— The Leader — Ohio Farmer— Waechter am Erie— The Publishing House of the Evangeli- cal Association— The Periodicals Published there — Reformed Church Publications- Brainard's Musical World— German Baptist Publications and Publishing Society —Trade Review— Berea Advertiser— Locomotive Engineer's Journal — Sunday Voice — Cleveland Anzeiger — Die Bieue — Standard of the Cross— Christian Harvester — Home Comi)anion — South Cleveland Advocate— Earnest Worker— Cathohc Universe— Cha- grin Falls Exponent — Sunday Morning Times— Evening Times— The Advance — Dennice Novoveku — Law Reporter— Hardware Reporter- One Cent Weekly— Penny Press — The Sentinel. ALTHortJH the newspapers and other periodicals of the county have nearly all been published at Cleve- land, yet they have circulated in every section of the county and far outside of its limits; and, in fact, in the early days had a much larger circulation outside than inside the limits of the corporation. Moreover, journalism is an institution of such a general nature, and deals so largely with the wider interests of man- kiud, that it seems much the most proper to make the story of its progress a part of the general histurv of the county. It is extremely difficult to give a detailed account of the press of Cuyahoga county; for, however great may have been the tendency in other growing cities to set on foot Journalistic enterprises which were un- able to survive the storms of this rude world, we are convinced that Cleveland decidedly exceeds all its rivals of similar size in this respect. In its historic field the newspaper graveyard fills no inconsiderable space. Unfortunately, moreover, in most cases there were not enough assets left to raise a tombstone tell- ing the dates of the birth and death of the dear de- parted. Too often, indeed, the mourners neglected to perform even the rite of sejiulture, leaving the sheriff to place tlie wasted body in the grave which they themselves never desired to look upon, and which not the most desperate resurrectionists ever sought to violate. Their names alone remain as a tra- dition in the memories of surviving contemporaries, and sometimes even the name lias faded away, leaving but a vague recollection of some journalistic firelly whose light lias forever expired. On the otlier hand, in few, if any, places of like size have labor, capital and enterprise built up pajjcrs of more commanding influence, or longer continued prosperity. Some of these date back from three to six decades ; others are of a later era but have already established themselves upon firm ground. Of all these surviving members of the journalistic family it is comparatively easy to obtain separate ac- counts ; but the defunct papers are so numerous and many of them were so short-lived that it is hardly practicable to furnish separate sketches of them. We have therefore concluded to give a brief general his- tory of journalism in this county, showing its pro- gress, and alluding at more or less length to those pa})ers which have passed away, so far as they are known ; following tliis by separate sketches of all the papers now in existence. As before stated the first paper published in the county was the Cleveland Gazette and Commercial Register, which made its first appearance on the 31st M THE TRESS. 189 d;iy of July, 1818. It was issued weekly — when cir- cunistiuiues permitted. When circumstances were un- kind, intervals of from ten days to two weeks inter- vened between the issues, and even this precarious existence ceased tlie same year or early in the next. In October, 1810, the first number of the Cleve- land Ill-raid was issued; a paper which has maintained a continued existence till the present time, and which is now not only the oldest paper in the county, but ouo of the oldest iu the State — in fact there are but few in the whole country which antedate it. A sketch of its career is given farther on. The Ifendd occupied the journalistic field without a rival for no less tliau thirteen years; at least, after careful inipiiry, we are unable to learn of any other newspaper in the county until 1832. At that time the llvrahl began to veer toward Democracy, or Jackson- ianisin as it was more commonly called in those days, and a number of the leading Whigs of Cleveland went to work to establish a more thorough exponent of their party doctrines. They persuaded the late Madi- son Kelley to undertake the task, and in 1832 that gentleman established the Advertiser as an organ of the Whig party. Hon. John W. Allen wrote the salutatory editorial iu the first number. Yet in tiie miitatious of politics the Advertiser was afterwards transmuted into that decisively Democratic paper, the Plain Dealer, while the Herald became a thor- ough champion of Whiggery. On the 20th day of August, 183-4, the Cleveland 117/(7/ was established by Ilice & Penniman. It ex- isted, as near as we can learn, about two years. It was followed in May 1836, by the Cleveland Messenger, the founders of which were Messrs. Beck & Tuttle. It became defunct in less than a year. The same month saw the establishment of the Ohio City Anjus on the west side, by T. H. Smead and Lyman W. Hall. It was Wiiiggish in its tendencies, though not extremely partisan. Its first number was issued on the 20th of May, 1830. In the same year Mr. Hall withdrew, and Mr. Smead (still a compositor in Cleve- land) acted for a time as both publisher and editor. Ill the forepart of 1838 the name was changed to tliu Ohio City Transcrijd, and the aid of Mr. Ilill w:is iilitained, who acted as editor until the suspension of tiu; paper in 183'.). In the summer of 1830, also, the Cleveland Dailii ove mentioned, the publishers being Z. Willes & Co., and for some time hold the field alone. In the summer of lS:i0 the first daily newspaper was i.ssued by Mr. Whittlesey, under the name of the Gazette, but on the 22d of March, 1837, it was united with the Herald and published as the Daily Herald and Gazette, the proprietors being Whittlesey and Hull. Soon after the consolidation Mr. Hull disposed of his interest to Josiah A. Harris, and after awhile Mr. Whittlesey also THE TRE.S.S. 193 retired and Mr. Harris became sole i)roi}rietor of the lln-(thl. At that time the total population of Cleve- 1:111(1, on both sides of the river, was about six thou- s;md, and the business outlook very dark. But the llrrahl secured a firm hold of the people by its enter- jirise, aliility and unflagging devotion to principle, characteristics which it has retained throughout its history. In ISfiO a part interest was sold to A. W. Fair- banks, wiio assumed charge of the publishing depart- ment and added a job ollice, and in tlie spring of 1853 George A. Benedict became one of the partners and editors. At the close of the war of tiie rebellion Mr. Harris retired from tiie paper, leaving the owner- ship to Fairbanks, Benedict & Co., Mr. Benedict being the editor-in-cJiicf. In the intervening time between tlie commencement and close of Mr. Harris' connection with the paper, the Herald had grown from a weak, struggling sheet, to a journal of large circulation and commanding influence, and it had prospered so greatly that, instead of being printed on a press it did not own, it was the owner of a large building completely stocked with powerful presses and materials, and emplo^'ed a large force. In 1876, Mr. Benedict died, and towards the close of that year liis interest in the establishment was purchased by Mr. Fairbanks, who thus became sole owner. Near the end of 1877 the Herald was sold to Messrs. Richard C. Parsons and William Perry Fogg, and the Herald Publishing Comjiany formed, with Mr. Par- sons as editor-in-chief and Mr. Fogg as president of the company and business manager. With the ad- vent of the new management fresh life was infused into the old and favorite newspaper, and it took its place among the foremost and most widely known journals of the country. Its circulation is large, and its influence great. The Daily Herald is issued morning and evening, there being three regular edi- tions of the evening issue, and there are also tri-wcekly and weekly editions with heavy circulations. The staff of editors, reporters, telegrapliic correspondents, and paid contributors is large and composed of the best material, no paper of its rank being better appointed in tliis respect. The politics of the Herald was Whig until the death of that party. It was the first paper in the Ihiion to hoist the name of Fremont for Presi- ER CHRISTLICnB B0T8CUAFTEK. The Christliche Botschafter was established by tlie fifth General Conference of tlie Evangelical Asso- ciation, held at Orwigsburg, May 25, 1835. The first number was issued January 1, 183G, at New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania. It was eight and a lialf inches broad and ten and three-eighths inches long, and had eight pages. With tlie beginning of 1810, tlie Botschafter ap- peared, somewhat enlarged, and semi-monthly. This volume was commenced with two thousand and sev- enty subscribers. With the fifteenth volume (1850,) it was enlarged and furnished with new type. In 1855, the Bots- ■I chaffer appeared in a considerably enlarged form. 11 From November of that year it was publislied weekly. In 18G7, it was again enlarged. The subscription price was raised in 18G8 to two dollars and the paper again considerably enlarged. At present it numbers over nineteen thousand subscribers, and is the oldest, largest, and most extcn«ively circulated German relig- ious newspaper published in America. DER CHKLSTLICHE KINDERFREUND. A German Sunday-school paper, well illusdated. It was commenced in June, 185U, with five thousand subscribers, and its maximum number now is over thirty tliousaud. It is highly valued by its many THK PliKSS. 107 readors on account of its excellent reading matter and l)i(!luro.s. Three editions arc issued; weekly, senii- inunthly and niontlily. DAS KVANDELlSCllE MAG A/I X. Ihis EvmujeJische Mayazin was established in .Inly, 1809, as a private enterprise. The General I'onforeuce of the Evangelical Association i)urcliased it ill 1871, and has since ordered material iniprove- iiients. It is now a monthly magazine of thirty-six large j)ages, ably edited, beautifully printed, finely illustrated, designed to entertain and in.strnct in the iMiuily circle, and devoted to tlie interests of tiie 8un- d.iy-school and its promoters. It enjoys a contimiaily increasing circle of readers, and is an especial favorite of those who are friends of a literature tliat is liealtiiy and sound, and at the same time entertaining. It lias a circulation of over eight thousand. The sub- scription price is one dollar and twenty-five cents a year. LAEMMERWEIDE. Tills is a weekly illustrated juvenile paper, eslab- lisliL'd in 1870, and particularly designed for infant Sunday-school classes. It is printed in large type on tinted paper. It contains the lesson for the respec- live Sunday, but j)utiii a form tosuit young children. EVANOELISCIIES LECTI0N8BLATT. A lesson leaf containing the lessons of the Interna- tional S. S. series with golden text, topic, questions, and practical applications. DIE WANDTAFEL. Die Wdndldfel is an exact fac-similc of a real lilack- hoard, tiiirty-two by forty-eight incJies in size, and ik'sigiied to illustrate the International Sunday School IjCssohs. It was started in January, 187D, and is issued weekly and mailed to subscribers at tlirec dol- lars a year, or one dollar per quarter. THE ENCiLISU EVANCiEHOAL MESSENOEIi. The /Jraiif/elical Messenger was begun in New I^erlin, Union county, Pennsylvania, on the 8tli of January, 1S18. It started with eight hundred subscribers. It was a royal sheet of four pages. It had sixteen col- umns of reading matter, but no advertisements, and was issued semi-monthly. The subscription price was one dollar. A new volume of the McHsentjer was commenced with the year 1851. It was reduced in form to a denii ([uarto sheet of eight pages. In August of 1804, it was advanced to one dollar and twenty-five cents, and so continued until the end of 1807. At the commencement of 1808 the jirice was raised to two dollars. In >fovember, 1801, the Mcssi-iii/er appeared as a weekly, without change of size or price. Eighteen hundred and sixty-eight ushered in its last and great- est change. It then assumed its present form and price. It has at present a circulation of between nine thousand and ten tliousand. THE LIVIN(i EPISTLE. Tlie IJriiKj Epintle was founded in January, 18G!), and published by a company as a jjrivate enterprise. It became the property of the Evangelical Association in January, 187::i, and has since been published by it. It is a monthly magazine of thirty-two pages, devoted to the spread of Suriptural holiness and a pure literature. EVANliELlCAL Sl'NDAY SCHOOL TEACUEK. Tiie EvaiKjelical Stindai) School Teuvher was estab- lished in January, 187G, to meet the wants of those in the Evangelical clinrch who were inquiring for a low-priced standard magazine, containing notes, expla- nations and illustrations of tlie International Sunday School Lessons. It has made its way into public favor, and has a fair circulation. SUNDAY SCHOOL ME.SSENGEK. The Messenger is an illustrated paper for the Sun- day school and liome. Its issue commenced in June, 1804, and it has reached a circulation of about thirty- five thousand copies. The appearance and mechanical execution of the Mcssctujer are above the average of papers of this cliaracter. Three editions are pub- lished, weekly, semi-monthly and monthly. MY LESSON. This illustrated weekly was established in 187C, and is adapted to scholars in infant classes. It presents the lesson in a very simple form, and is j)rinted on tinted paper, presenting an attractive a])pearance. EVANCELICAL LESSON LEAF. This contains tlie International Sunday Scliool Les- son, with remarks adapted to intermediate or ad- vanced classes. It is a valuable help to both teachers and scholars, containing the golden text, topic, questions, and practical applications. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL BLACKIiOAKD. The IHiirkbodrd is a weekly sheet, designed to illus- trate, in the exact style and form of a blackboard, the International Sunday Scliool Lessons. It is printed on iieavy jiaper, thirty-two by forty-eight inches in size. Its publication commenced with January, 1879, and it has found its way into all the States and Ter- ritories. UEFOKMEI) CHUKCH I'UIiLICATIUNS. The (ierman Publishing House of the Keforincd Clnircii in the United States was established in Cleve- land in 1800, when the publications were limited to the llcforiniii'i Kirchcii Zcilanfi, [llcfiinncd Vliurrh Juurnal) a weekly issue, originally publislied in Tifiin — beginning in 1857 — under private enterprise as The 198 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Evangelist. Following upon the first named paper, Der Lacmmerhirtc (The ShcpJierd) was put forward as a monthly and semi-montlily Sunday School pub- lication, and in 187G, Du' Abend Lust {The Evvninany, and I hen bore its present name. On the 17th of April, isCi'.t, C. Y. Wheeler became editor and proj)rietor, aiiil conducted the pa])er, under the name of (trivd- .y/iinr City Advertiser, until February 17, 1871, when it was purchased l)y Gardner and Wilcox, who became editors and j)roprietors. IMr. Wilcox retired on the 'i'lwiX of September, 1872, and P. B. Gardner then published the 'paper till March 27, 187-4, when he Iransferred it to W. II. Pearcc. It was conducted by liini until September 1, 1877, when it was purchased liy the Rcjnililican Printing Company; H. E. Foster and II. F. Kastcndieck becoming editors, and E. I). i'cebles business manager. Mr. Foster and Kastcn- dieck both retired from the editorial management within the year; since then the paper has been con- ducted with marked success by Mr. E. D. Peebles. In January, 1870, the name was changed to Tlic I'lirea Advertiser. LOCOMOTIVE ENGIXEEKS' .lOURNAL. The first number of this monthly, under the style of linitlii'rliood of Locomotive Engineers^ Monthli/ Journal, was jiublished in January, 18G7, the offices tiicn being located at Rochester, New York. S. R. Mudge was the first editor. In October, 1808, the executiTC offices were removed to Ft. Wayne, Indiana, and the publication continued at that place, under the editoi"ship of Wilson and Mudge. In 1870, the offices were again changed, and Cleveland made the head- ipiarters of the Grand International Division, where t he publication has since been carried on. The Jour- n(d is a forty-eight page pamphlet, and devoted to the interests of the locomotive department of rail- roads. The monthly circulation of the Journal amounts to about ten thousand copies, which are taken throughout all jiarts of the United States and Canadas. (^uite a number of copies also go to Eng- land, Scotland, Central India and Central America. 'I'lic present editors are P. M. Arthur, G. C. E., and T. S. Fngraham, F. G. E. THE SUXDAY VOICE. The first number of the Siindaij Morning Voire was issued on the loth of October, 1871. The parties originally engaged in the publication of tlie jiaper were W. S. Kobison. L. 0. Rawson, Thomas White- head and E. C. Hardy. Before the close of the first year, however, W. S. Robison purchased the interests of tiie other parties, and became sole projn-ietor. I luring the first year or more of its existence, the paper had to combat the strong popular prejudice against Sunday pajicrs, and tlie enterjirisc was con- sequently unprofitable. It made steady progress, however, and before the completion of its second year was on a paying basis, and had become an acknowl- edged necessity. From that time till now it has maintained a vigorous hold upon the popular regard, and realized a fair degree of prosperity. In June, 1S78, Hon. 0. J. Hodge haviug ]iurchased the Smi- daij Post, that paper was consolidated with the Voire, and the title l)ecame tlie Sundny Voire and Posl. Subsequently I'ont was dropped, and the present name adopted — the Cleveland I'oice. The projjric- tors are Messrs. Robison and Hodge, under the style of the Voice Publishing Company, Mr. Hodge being editor-in-chief, and Mr. Robison, business manager. The consolidation of the two competing Sunday pajiers proved a highly advantageous arrangement, both for the public and the parties in interest. The popular- ity of the Voice was never so wide-spread and firmly rooted as at present, and its advance keeps steady pace with the growth of the community. Mr. E. C. Hardy is still connected with the paper, occupying the position of associate editor, while Mr. C. C. Ruth- rauff, who has been on the paper for the past six years, is its city editor. The office of publication is No. 118, Seneca street. THE CLEVELAND ANZEIGER. The Cleveland Anzeiger was founded August 15, 1871, by Henry Gentz, and issued tri- weekly as an independent German newspaper until Augusts, 1872, when it was bought by a stock company of prominent Republicans of Cuyahoga county, and issued dady and weekly. Since this time it has been the Re- publican German organ of Northern Ohio. January 1, 1874 the stock company sold out to Bohm, Kraus «& Co.; two years after this Mr. Kraus became exclu- sive owuer of the paper, but sold out on September 1, 1877, to Mr. Kauffmann, one of the editors of the Cincinnati Volksblatt. Since that time the paper has been published by Mr. Kauffman, who is its editor. Daily circulation, two thousand three hurulred; weekly and Sunday, two thousand eight hundred. DIE BIENE. Die liiene was established in 1872, the first number being issued January 1st. It was, at that time, Demo- cratic in politics, and under the charge of William Miller as editor. In 18711, a stock comi)any was formed, at which time the political .sentiment of the j)aper was changed, and it has since continued as an independent Sunday morning weekly. Itscirculatiun is about fifteen hundred. In addition to tlieir weekly ))apcr, the Bicne Pub- lishing Company furnish "insidcs" for twenty-two dilTerent German and English weeklies in Ohio and other States. Tlie editorial department is under tlie cliarge of Henry Minnig. STANDARD OF TIIE CROSS. This is a forty-column weekly, devoted to tlie in- terests of the Episcopal church, and is published by W. C. French, who lias the assistance of his son in editing it. Ttir Standard of tlie t'ros.o was first issued August 18, 1S(;8, at Oberliu, Ohio, as a continuation 200 GENERAL HISTORY OF CtJYAHOGA COtTNTY. of the Western Episrnjmlum, published till that time at Gambier, which was itself a continuation of the Gamhier Obserrer, started by Bishop Chase in 1832, W. C. French was the proprietor of the journal upon its first issue in August, 1808, and in 1872 he removed it to Cleveland, where it has since then retained its location. THE CHRISTIAX HARVESTER. This paper, whose title l)ears the exi)lanatory affix of "A Holiness Journal," was first published in De- cember, 1872, by James W. P. Fackleras The i¥is:xioH Har-vesfer, and was then devoted to " the work of mis- sions and holiness." In July, 1874, Thomas K. Doty, the present editor and publisher assumed control, and changed the title to the one now borne. The Har- vester is a small sheet of twenty-four columns, and till January, 1878, was a montlily publication. Since that time, the issues have been monthly and semi- monthly. SOUTH CLEVELAND ADVOCATE. In 1873, Harry H. Nelson started a weekly news- paper in that part of Cleveland known as Newburg, calling it All Around the Clock. Shortly afterwards he changed the name to The South Cleveland Adro- cate, and as such continues to publish it. Mr. Nelson is still its editor and publisher. Its politics are Republican and its issue weekly, with thirty-two col- umns, THE HOME COMPANION. This is a small eight-page literary journal "for boys and girls" and is issued semi-monthly. It was started in 1873, by S. L. Thorpe & Brother, who were succeed- ed in 1874, by S. L. Thorpe, the present editor and publisher. The circulation of the Home Companion is confined exclusively to territory beyond Cleveland. EARNEST WORKER. In the spring of 1874, the Committee on Ways and Means of the Women's Christian Association, was called upon to provide a new method for raising funds. After a number of plans had been discussed and re- jected, it Was finally decided to publish a monthly paper, having two objects in view; to be a medium of communication, and a source of revenue. The first number of the Earnest Worker appeared in June, 1874, under the editorship of Miss Emma Janes. Miss Janes occupied the editor's chair for six months, and then left C!leveland, after which the work for the remainder of the year was carried on by the Publishing Committee. With the opening of the second volume in Juno, 1875, Mrs. Howard M. Ing- ham was elected to the position of editor, which she has since retained. The paper has been warmly supported, and has met with general favor. The total profits during the first four years of its existence, were over fifteen hundred dollars. The officers of the Publishing Committee aie Mrs. E. C. Standart, chairman; Miss H. A. Hnrlbut, secretaiy. THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSE. This journal was established in 1874, the first number being issued July 4th. Rev. T. P. Thorpe was appointed editor of the paper by its founder, Rt. Rev. R. Gilmour, and by degrees secured for it re- cognition from the press and public, as a staunch de- fender of catholic principles and catholic rights. The reverend editor, having charge of a congregation while conducting the paper, found it difficult to do justice to both of these positions, and was in 1877, at his own request, relieved from the editorship. He was suc- ceeded by Manly Telle in August, 1877. Under his able management the Universe has not only held its former commanding position, but has continued to increase in strength and influence, so that it now ranks among the very foremost of the catholic papers of the United States. Its circulation, at first confined to this diocese, now extends to the adjoining States, and it has more or less subscribers in every diocese in the country. It now numbers between seven and eight thousand Joh a j^(/e subscribers, and its list is increas- ing weekly. THE CHAGRIN FALLS EXPONENT was established January 1, 1874, by J. J. Stranahan and P. Hohler. The paper was started as a seven- column folio, but only continued as such a few weeks. when it was enlarged to a six-column quarto, which size it still bears. In 187.5 the firm of Stranahan & Hohler was dissolved, Mr. Hohler retiring, and since then Mr. Stranahan has been sole proprietor and edi- tor. Mr. Frank F. Stranahan has filled the position of local editor for four years. The Exponent office is now located in Shuto's block, and is sujiplied with a cylinder press and all modern machinery and material. It makes a specialty of dairy news, and claims to furnish more reading-matter of this character than any other paper in the United States, except those which are conducted exclusively as dairy papers. It has a circulation of nearly two thousand copies and its list is rapidly increasing, as a natural result of the enterprise exhibited in its management. It has been from the first, and still is. independent in politics, but vigorous in the treatment of all subjects requiring its attention. SUNDAY MORNING TIMES. The Times was established May 7, 1870, by John P. O'Brien, having offices at No. 91 Seneca street. In 1879 the location was changed to Nos. 34 and 30 Long street. THE EVENING TIMES. This daily evening paper was also founded by John P. O'Brien, with offices on Long street, April 24, 1879. These papers still remain under the charge of Mr. O'Brien as editor and proprietor. In politics they are liberal, with democratic proclivities. THE PRESS. 201 THE ADVANCE. In I ho siiiiinior of 1R77 tlic Iiidiistri.-il Publisliing Oonipiiny was organ i/ed to stiirt, a weekly grccnhaok ])aiier. Richard Flarrison was the first president of tiic conijiany, with J. A. Harrison as secretary, and Iiol)crt .Schilling as editor and bnsiness manager. The paj)cr was called the Labor Advocate, but the name was changeil to Lahnr Advance, as another |ia}>er called the Advocate was being published in the city. The paper was issued successfully for about a year, when the company transferred its inter- est to the firm of Schilling and Pate, who made the paper a daily. The name, however, being too long for convenience, it was changed by dropping the word "Labor," and calling the paper the Daily Ad- raiice. The first number of the daily was issued August IS, 18T8. The editorial staff consists at pres- ent of Robert Scliilling, editor-in-chief; Egbert Haz- ard, managing editor; \V. H. Hudson, local editor; M. Cashberg, telegraph and amusement editor; Wm. Pate, Jr., attends to the business management. The Ad- rance has, however, within a sliort time again been made a weekly paper. It has a very large circulation, extending into nearly every State of the Union, and to more than four hundred post-offices in Ohio. DENNICE NOVOVEKU. This is a Bohemian newspaper whose title signifies " Morning Star of a New Era." It is said to be the only Bohemian paper in the State, and dates its ex- istence from October, 1877, when it was issued by \ aulav Snajdr and Frank Korizek. In March, 1878, -Mr. Korizek retired, and since that time Mr. Snajdr has been the sole editor and pul)lisher. The paper is issued every Wednesday, is printed entirely in the Bohemian language, and contains forty-eight columns of matter. THE (U.EVELAXn LAW REPORTER. This journal, a weekly, devoted to the interests of the legal profession, was established in 1878, its first number ai)i)earing on the 1st of January. It was originally a four-page paper, but with the thirteenth issue was enlarged to eight pages. It contains decis- ions of the United States Supreme Court, United States Circuit Court, syllabi of decisions of the Oliio Supreme Court, Courts of last resort in other States, Courts of Common Pleas, and District Courts of Northern Ohio; also a record of all suits commenced, motions and demurrers filed and decided, judgments of Cuyahoga ('ounty Common Pleas, all property transfers, mechanic's lions, and assignments. The subscription price of the Reporter is two dollars per an nil Ml. J. 0. Pomcrene, an attorney and stenogra- piier of the courts, is editor and iniblishcr. TIIK II A i; II WARE REPORTER represents the hardware, metal, implement, stove, glass and paint trades, and is published weekly by the National Iron and Steel Publishing Company, Cleve- land, Pittsburg and Chicago. The Jiejmrfer was started in Pittsburg in 18G0, and in October, 1878, its management, directed now as heretofore by Messrs. F. Protzman and J. II. Ilille'rman, was transferred to Cleveland. Besides a weekly issue, the paper has also a monthly number called the Kirpovt Edition, devoted mainly to the export trade. THE ONE CENT WEEKLY. Tlie One Cent IVeeiJf/'is an exclusively literary jour- nal. It was founded Ijy Hartley & Hynes, the present proprietors, in 1879, and the first number was issued June 21st of that year. The original name was 77ie Penny Weekly, but a change to the present title was almost immediately effected. It is published every Saturday, contains forty columns of reading matter, claims a circulation of ten thousand, and is proliably the only paper in the country that furnishes the .same anioiuit of material for the price of one cent. THE PENNY PRESS. This smart evening journal, although but an infant, has already pushed its way prominently forward into wide circulation. E. W. Scripps and J. S. Sweeny its present proprietors, were formerly attaches of the Detroit Eveniny News. They started the Cleveland Penny Press November 2, 1878, as a twenty column paper, eighteen by twenty-four, and have apparently made the enterprise a paying one. It is now a twenty- four column journal, eighteen by twenty-eight, is a strictly evening issue with four daily editions, is inde- pendent in iwlitics, and claims an average city circu- lation of six thousand five hundred and a country circulation of six thousand. E. W. Scripps is the editor and J. 'I'. Sweeny the business manager. THE SENTINEL. This is a weekly four-page journal, published on the West Side by Welfare & Saumenig, and circulated chielly in the western and southern portions of the city. Its first number was issued May 24, 1870, by the present publishers whose efforts have thus far met with a fair measure of success. The Sentinel is inde- ]iendent in politics, and aims to make local news a feature. 202 GENEKAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTEE XXXVIII. COLLEGES. Origin of Baldwin University— Liberality of Mr. Baldwin— First Faculty — First Buildings — The German Department — German Wallace College The Relation of the two Institutions— The College of Pharmacy— Hulet Hall— Ladies' Hall — The Preparatory Department— The Collegiate Department — Classical and Scientific Courses— Elective Studies— The Successive Presidents— The Present Faculty— Foundation of German Wallace College— The First Faculty— Changes of Ofldcers- The Present Faculty- The Arrangement with the University— Special Attention to German Language and Literature— German Literary Societies— The Buildings— The Founders of Cleveland Medical College — Its Organiza- tion as a Department of Western Reserve College — Erection of Build- ings—First Faculty— Number of Graduates— Present Faculty— Homteo- p.athic Hospital College— Its .\ge— First Faculty— First Building— The Riot — Removed to the Eights- Di.«tinction and Prosperity— The Hos- pital — The Faculty of 1879 — Medical Department of University of Wooster— Its Predecessor— The Faculty of 1870— Number of Gradu- ates—The Faculty of :879. BALDWIN UNIVERSITY. This institution had its origin in Baldwin Institute, which was established at Berea in 1844, and of which an account is given in the history of the township of Middleburg. The institute was transformed into a university in 1855. The now, as well as the old, institution was under the auspices of the Northern Ohio conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and like the old one, too, was due to the liberality of Hon. John Baldwin, who, at the time last men- tioned, made a large donation of land and money, in addition to what he had iirevionsly given to the in- stitute. The first faculty of the university consisted of the following members: Rev. Johii Wheeler, A.M., pres- ident and professor of mental and moral science: Rev. Jeremiah Tingley, A.M., vice-president and professor of the natural sciences; Kev. William H. Barnes, A.B., jirol'essor of the Latin and Greek languages; Gajdord II. Hartupee, professor of mathematics. Besides the gentlemen named. Miss Rosanna Baldwin was precep- tress during the forepart of the year, and Miss Emily A. Covel during the latter part; Miss Eugenia A. Mor- rison was teacher of music, and Miss Sarah A. Storer of French, etc. The buildings transferred to the college by the in- stitute were the Old Hall, built in 1845, and the South Hall, a three story edifice, finished in 1853. There was a preparatory de2)artmcnt, which continued to attract the same class of students as had formerly attended the institute, but the college course proper had, for a time, comparatively few attendants, al- though the number steadily increased. For many years Mr. Baldwin regularly jiaid to the institution the interest on ten thousand dollars, which was ap- plied to its support. lu 1858 a German department was formed, under the management of 0. Henning, Ph.D. After 1859, for several years, it was taught by the Rer. Jacob Rothweiler, and was remarkably successful, attract- ing a large and increasing number of students. In 1863 the German WaUacc college was founded, of which a sketch is given further on. In organization the two institutions are entirely separate, but they yet sustain very intimate relations with each other. Baldwin University instructs the students of both in Latin, mathematics and the natural sciences. Ger- man Wallace College performs a similar service for both sets of students in Greek, French and music. Members of each institution are admitted free to the recitations in the other; these recitations being in English at the university, and in German at the col- lege. It will be seen at once that this system fur- nishes an admirable method of giving the attendants of both establishments a thorough and scholarly knowledge of both the great languages mentioned, and the fact has been widely recognized, as is shown by the large number of youth who have sought the advantages named. In 18G5 a college of pharmacy was established in connection with the university, but the number of those who desired to become practical druggists was not sufficient to justify the movement, and it has been abandoned. In 18G8 another large hall was completed, called Hulet, in honor of Fletcher Hulet, Esq., a large ben- eficiary of the university. It is of stone, ninety feet by fifty-si.v, and two stories high, and contains a large chapel and five fine recitation rooms. In 1872 the old hall, built in 1845, was removed. A very fine large hall, of stone, to be known as Ladies' Hall, is now in course of construction, which when completed will be one of the finest structures of the kind in the State. The prcijaratory department contains three classes, the junior, middle and senior; in which students are tlioroughly instructed in the higher English branches and in the elements of the classics — are, in fact, in common parlance, prepared for college. There is also a scientific preparatory course of one year, in which the higher mathematics are substituted for Greek. The collegiate department comprises the ordinary four classes, freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior, but there are two courses, classical and scientific, running through them all. The former is the usual college course; in the latter Latin is made a subordi- nate study and Greek is entirely ignored in favor of German, or French, and the most abstruse branches of mathematics and natural science. All the depart- ments and courses are open to both se.xes. Not only are the two courses elective, but in the junior and senior years of each there are five or si.x studies prescribed, from which the student may elect three, proficiency in which insures a diploma. Whether this "go-as-you-please" way is conducive to sound and thorough culture is a question to be de- cided by time. The Rev. John Wheeler, A.M., was president of the university from 1855 to 1872; W. D. Godman, A. M., from 1872 to 1875, and Aaron Schuyler, LL.D., from 1875 to the present time. William C. Peirce, S.T.D., was vice president from 18C0 to 1872; being also, at that time as well as now, professor of tlie nat- ural sciences. The followingis a list of the faculty for barrassment. Its supporters have labored on, liow- ^^ ^^^trT^-C^-^^^^^^-^^^^ COLLEGES. 303 the year ending in Jane, 1879; some of them, however, l)erforming tlieir labors in German Walhice College, according to the arrangement before mentioned: Aaron Schuyler, LL.D., president, and professor of philosopiiy and applied mathematics; William C. Peirce, S.T.D., professor {Emeritus) of n\tural sci- ence, and lecturer on the evidences of Christianity; Ellen n. Warner, A.M., preceptress, and professor of liure mathematics; Clara E. Schuyler, A.M., profes- sor of rhetoric and English literature; Carl Riemen- schneider, Ph.D., professor of the Greek language and literature; Archie M. Mattison, professor of the Latin language and literature; Victor Wilker, A.M., luiifessor of German and French; James A. Dodge, i'h.D., professor of natural science; William K. (iraiinis, professor of instrumental and vocal music, and principal of the commercial department; Mattie Ij. Bigelow, instructor in painting and drawing. (iEKMAN WALLACE COLLEGE. Tiiis literary and classical institution, located in (lie village of Berea, was founded in 18G3, and was ine()ri)orated and opened in 1804. The board of trustees consists of thirteen members, four of whom are residents of the county. The first faculty was composed of the following jiersons: Rev. Wm. Nast, D.I)., president; Rev. J. Rothweilev, vice president; !'. W. Mosblcch, Ph.D.; Albert Nast; Mary- Hasen- plliig. During the first collegiate year (ISO-l-GS) liicre were forty students in attendance; which num- ber has of late increased to one hundred and twenty, one-sixth of whom are ladies. In 1807 Rev. J. Rothwciler, the first vice president and resident manager, was succeeded in office by Rev. E. Schuler, who held the position until 1873, when he was followed by the present incumbent. Rev. P. F. Schneider. Since 1871: there has been no change in the faculty, which is constituted as follows: Rev. William Nast, D.D., president; Rev. P. F. Schneider, vice president and resident manager; Carl Ricnicn- sehneider, Ph.D., professor of ancient languages; (!. !■'. I'anlus, D.D., professor of Biblical literature; \'ic- tor Wilker, A.M., professor of modern languages; .lulius 0. Berr, professor of music. 'I'he admirable arrangement, by which the students of tiiis college and of Baldwin university are per- mitted to avail themselves of the privileges of botli institutions, has been set forth in the sketch of the latter. Besides the branches ordinarily studied in colleges, tiie (ierman language and literature are thoroughly taught here through the entire course, and as the in- structors arc native Germans, the facilities for acr|uir- ing a complete mastery of the German language an not surpassed anywhere in the United States. Man\ teachers of German in the public schools and in col- leges have prepared themselves for tlieir vocation in this institution. There are three German literary societies connected with the college; the Germania, the Schiller and the Bettina Verein, the latter being for ladies. The libra- ries are small, but contain some valuable German works. In the museum there is an excellent collec- tion of minerals and fossils, part of which were pre- sented by the eminent j)alcontologist, llerman Herzer. The following arc the buildings belonging to the institution: Wallace Hall, presented by James Wal- lace, Esq., a brick edifice, containing the recitation rooms, the society rooms and the museum. The New Chapel, a beautiful new structure just finished, built of sandstone. It contains the church ])roper, in which services in German are held on Sunday, the chajiel and the music rooms. Baldwin Hall, also of sandstone and presented by John Baldwin, Esq. It is occupied by male students, who have organized a boarding club there. The Ladies' Uall, a smaller brick edifice, in which most of the lady students re- side. Besides these the college owns three dwelling houses occupied by members of the faculty. CLEVELAND MEDICAL COLLEGE. In the fall of 1843, Doctors John Delamater, Jared P. Kirtland, Starling, John L. Cassells and Noah Worcester, then members of the faculty of the medi- cal college at Willoughby, (now in Lake county,) discussed the advisability of changing the location of that institution. Dr. Starling favored a removal to Columbus, while the others preferred Cleveland. As Dr. Starling owned a controlling interest, he carried the day and subsequently founded the Starling Medi- cal College at Columbus. Doctors Delamater, Kirt- land, Cassells and Worcester joined in establishing a medical college at Cleveland, and, being in too much haste to await the legal process of incorporation, ap- jilied to the Western Reserve College, located at Hudson, for organization under the charter of the latter, as its medical department. This privilege was accordingly granted, and the Cleveland Medical College has therefore been to this day the medical department of the Western Reserve College. The college building was erected on the corner of Erie and St. Clair streets, Cleveland, mainly with funds obtained through individual subscriptions in Cleveland; the deficit being made up by members of the faculty. By the conditions upon which the aid was supplied, the property now used for college pur- poses must always be devoted to similar uses and no other. The members of the first faculty, (in 1843,) were Doctors John Delamater, Jared P. Kirtland, Horace II. Ackley, John L. Cassells, Noah Worcester, Sam- uel St. John and Jacob J. Delamater. Of these, the last one named was the only one living on the 1st of August, 18711, at which time he was attached to the United States Medical Bureau at Washington. Since the organization of the college in 1843, the graduates liave nnmliercd thirteen hundred and forty- four. The highest number graduated in any one year was in 184'.i, when seventy-eight students received degrees; the lowest number was in 1805, when the total 20i GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. was only fifteen. The class of 1878-79 numbered sev- enty-three, of whom twenty-five were graduated. The college faculty, in 1870, is composed of Doc- tors U. K. Cushiug, Proctor Thayer, John Benuitt, Jacob Laisy, John E. Darby, E. W. Morley, Isaac N. Himes, X. C. Scott, B. W. Holliday, Lewis BufEctt, H. H. Powell, John F. Isom and W. W. Holliday. The dean of the faculty is Di*. John Bwmitt. HOMCEOPATniC HOSPITAL COLLGE. This institution ranks in age next to the Cleveland Medical College, having been organized in 1849, and according to its last annual announcement it is, with one exception, the oldest Homa^opathic medical school in the world. At tlie first session of the college, in 1849-50 the Faculty was composed of the follow- ing: Chas. D. Williams (dean,) Storm Rosa, A. H. Bissell, Lewis Dodge, H. L. Smith, E. C. Witherell, John Brainard and L. K. Rosa. The Trustees were John Wlieeler, Joel Tiffany, Dudley Baldwin, A. U. Braiuard, Edward Wade, Thos. Brown, R. F. Paine, Amos Hutchinson, Geo. King, Benjamin Bissell, Samuel Raymond, Richard Ililliard, L. M. Hubby, Thos. Miller, A. 0. Blair. The first college bii ildiug was located at the corner of Prosjject and Ontario streets, and there, in February, 1853, a very serious riot took place on account of the allegations of j^ersous who declared that a deceased member of their family had been stolen from the grave and conveyed to the college for dissection. They awakened much sympathy among the Irish — to wliich nationality they belonged — and the excitement reached such a pitch that one day a mob of full two thousand persons attacked and completely ruined the furniture, the library, and the inside of the college building. After that event the institution was removed to "the Hights," and occupied the property previously known as the Humiston Institute, which the Faculty had puchased. There the college remained until 1873, when it was transferred to its present location, at No. 99 Prospect street; the edifice which it occu- pies having been originally used as a church. This college has enjoyed much distinction since its foundation, and with the exception before mentioned has been blessed with unvarying prosi)erity; having up to the close of the session of 1878-71), graduated ten hundred and fifty students. The Iloma^opathic hos- pital, is under the exclusive control of the professors, and is ojien to the college students as a field for prac- tical observation and experience. The matriculants of the session of 1878-79 numbered one hundred and eight; the juniors, nine, and thegradiuites, twenty-five. The faculty of 1879 is named herewith: Drs. N. Schneider (dean,) John C. Saunders, H. H. Baxter, S. A. Boynton, G. F. Jones, W. A. Phillips, J. Pet- tet, J. Edwards Smith, H. F. Biggar, B. F. Gamber. The trustees are, Hon. George Willey, N. Schneider, W. H. Burridge, R. L. Willard, C. C. Baldwin, Hon! G. M. Barber, A. K. Spencer, W. H. Price, Hon. J. M. Colfinberry, B. A. Hinsdale. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF WOOSTER. In 1870 the University of Wooster, having no medical dei)artment, resolved to create one, and, in pursuance of that jiroject, arranged to continue the Charity Hospital Medical College of Cleveland as such dei)artment. The Charity Hospital Medical College (connected, as its name implies, with the Charity hospital, adjoining whicli its college build- ing was located) was organized in 18G4, and opened its first session on the 26th of October of that year. The faculty chosen in 1870 consisted of Dr. G. C. E. Weber, dean, and Drs. W. J. Scott, L. Firestone, W. H. Jones, James Dascomb, Colin Mackenzie, A. Metz, H. J. Herrick, C. W. Noble, J. F. Armstrong, A. C. Miller, F. J. Weed, D. B. Smith, and T. C. Miller. The institution has enjoyed marked i)rosperity and has received wide and deserved recognition. Since 18G4, when the Charity Hospital College was founded, five hundred doctors of medicine have been graduated from the College, or "department," and they have taken quite as high rank in their profession as the alumni of any other medical school in tlie State. The collegiate year extends from the 1st of Ajjril to the 4th of March ensuing, and embraces a. spring and a winter term. The plan of instruction includes lectures, clinics, recitations, quizzes and practical demonstrations, while, during the winter term, five to six ijractical lectures, illustrated witli models, etc., are given daily. The faculty for 1879 comprises Dr. G. C. E. Weber, dean, and Drs. L. Firestone, W. J. Scott, H. J. Herrick, Jamin Strong, C. W. Noble, A. C. Miller, Joel Pomerene, D. B. Smith, H. W. Kitclien, T. C. Miller, J. H. Lowman, John Bolton and Wm. T. Corlette. CHAPTER XXXIX. VARIOUS SOCIETIES, ETC. CuyalioKa County Medical Society— Its Two Pi-edecessors— Us Objects — 3Ieetiugs — Present Officers — Academy of Medicine and Surgery — Its Origin— First Officers of the Cuyah^>ga County Medical Associa- tion—Change of Name— Objects — Present Officers— Cleveland Asjium tor the Insane— Caaise of its Construction— I'assage of the Act — Va- rious Additions— Destruction by Fire— The Asylum Rebuilt— Its Legal Capacity- Changes of Name— List of Superintendents — Present Of- ficers—Northern Ohio Fair Association— Its Original Corporators — Amount of Stock— List of Directors- List of Officers— Its Fairs— Ap- plication of Profits— Amount of Expenditures— The Cleveland Club— Cuyahoga County Agricultural Society— Time of Organization- Suc- cessive Removals — Powerful Rivalry— Brighter Prospects— IVesent Officers— Western Reserve Historical Society— Organization and First Officers— Its Purposes — Location — Some of its Treasures— Ac- knowledgments. CUYAH0(;A COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. This organization was formed in 1873, by the amalgamation of the two societies known as the Cleve- land Academy of Medicine and the Pathological Society; its object being, like those of its iiredecessors, to increase the professional knowlege of the members, to bring them into more intimate social relations with SOCIETIES. 205 each other, and to promote tbe improvement of the nicdiual art. Its members number at present about fifty; tlieir meetings being liekl semi-monthly at the rooms of tlie Young Men's Christian Association. The officers on tlie 1st of August, 1879, were as fol- lows: Dr. P. H. Sawyer, president; Drs. C. C. Arms and J. H. Lowman, vice presidents; Dr. AV. 0. Jenks, secretary; Dr. J. C. Preston, treasurer; Drs. W. J. Scott, F. C. Dutton and (i. C. Ashman, censors. ACADEMY OF MEDICINE AND STKUEKY. This society was organized in 18C5, by members of the Ilonid'opathic school, as the Cuyahoga County -Medical Association, with a membership of tliirty- eigiit; the following being the first officers: Dr. John Wheeler, president; Dr. A. 0. Blair, vice president; Dr. (}. W. Barnes, secretary; Dr. L. AV. Sapp, treas- urer. In 1873 the name was changed to the Academy of Medicine and Surgery, which is still retained. Its ol)ject is to advance tlie interests of medical science, and to promote the mutual improvement of its mem- bers. Meetings are heid, as circumstances require in the Ilomoepathic Medical College and in the offices of the members of the society. The membership in -Vugust, 187;i, was fifty; the officers being Dr. (i. J. Jones, president; Dr. F. II. Barr, secretary and treas- urer. CLEVELAND ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. Although called the "Cleveland Asylum," this is a State institutions. AA^e find tiiat the origin of this asy- lum and that of the one at Dayton are substajitially tlie same; the necessity that gave rise to the one compelled the erection of the other. In 1851 the asylum at Columbus was the only one in the State. It w:is then known as the "Ohio Lunatic Asylum," its name having since been changed several times, on (he occasion of 2)olitical changes in the State govern- ment. Its capacity was three hundred patients, or one to every six thousand six hundred and six per- sons in the State; in 1878 it was one to every seven hundred and sixty-one. There are now in the asy- lums of Ohio about three thousand live hundred ]iatients. The principal arguments which induced the Irgis- lalure to erect two new asylums for the insane were made by Dr. S. M. Smith, of Columbus. He esti- mated the Ohio insane in 1851 as two thousand, of which only three hundred were provided for. As a result of the rccomendations of Dr. Smith and others, made at the sessions of 1851 and '52, the legislature passed an act on the 30th of April, in the latter year, providing for the erection of two addi- tional lunatic asylums. An approj)riation of one hundred and forty thousand dollars was made for tlie purpose, and Prof. II. A. Ackley and Messrs. E. B. Fee, D. B. AA'oods, Charles Cist and Edwin Smith • were appointed the first board of trustees. At a meeting of the board hold on the 'Jth of July, 1852, the Northern Asylum, by a vote of four to one, was located at Newburg (now Cleveland). Land was received from Dwiglit Jarvis for the purpose. The original contract for building the Newburg asy- lum was awarded to John Gill, of Cleveland, the price being sixty-nine thousand eight hundred dol- lars. On the 22d of June, 1854, Dr. L. Firestone was appointed superintendent of the asylum, which position he retained until 1856. Dr. C. M. Godfrey was appointed a member of the board controlling both asylums. The Newburg institution was opened for patients on the 5th of March, 1855. In 1800 and '61 the building was enlarged by the erection of wings on the east and west sides, increas- ing the capacity to three hundred and seventy-five persons; and in 1870 sufficient additions were made so that the asylum would accommodate five hundred and twenty-five patients. On Wednesday, Sejjtember 35, 1873, a fire occurred by which the greater part of the building was de- stroyed. By this disaster all written records, statis- tics, books of account and other valuable papers of the institution were destroyed. The patients, five hundred and twenty-five in number, were removed to the asylums and benevolent institutions of the State, and maintained there until the erection of the new asylum. By an act of the legislature passed March 18, 1873, the board of trustees was directed to build a new structure at a cost not exceeding five hundred and fifty thousand dollar,-., to be cajiablc of accom- modating six hundred and fifty patients. By recent legislation the trustees are directed to admit but one patient for each five hundred stpiare feet (surface measure) of the building. By this law the number of patients is limited to six hundred. It is now filled to its utmost legal limit. The institution was originally designated as the "Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum," by which name it was known until a change in the politics of the State in 187-1. The name was then changed to "Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane," and again, in 1876, to "Cleveland Hospital for the Insane." In 1878 the name was again changed to "Cleveland Asy- lum for the Insane," Ijy which appellation the insti- tution is now known. The several superintendents, with their terms of service, have been as follows: Dr. L. Firestone, 1854-5; Dr. IJ. C. Hopkins, 1856-7; Dr. Jacob Laisy, 1857-8-9; Dr. 0. H. Hendrick, 1859-00-1-3-3-4; Dr. Byron Stanton, 1804-5-6-7-8-9; Dr. J. M. Lewis,'l870-l-3-.3-4; Dr. Lewis Slusser, 1875-6; Dr. J am in Strong, 1877-8-9. The following are the present officers of theiisyluni: General James Barnett, Hon. A. McGregor, Dr. !>. L. Wadsworth, John F. Perry, Esip, and A. P. AA'iuslow, Es(|., trustees; Jamin Strong, M.D., super- intendent; John S. Marshall, M.D., first assistant physician; James D. Maxwell, M.D., second assistant physician; Jacob I). Sherrick, M.D., third assistant physician; Charles \V. Diehl, steward; Nettie L. Strong, matron. 206 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. NOBTHEKN OHIO FAIR ASSOCIATION. The Northern Ohio Pair Association, though com- posed entirely of Cleveland men, was organized and IS maintained for the purpose of encouraging the agricultural and manufacturing interests of the coun- try at large, and more particularly those of the northern section of this State. The society was in- corporated on the 36tli of February, 1870, by the following gentlemen, all prominently identified with the business of Cleveland : Amasa Stone, Jr., J. H. Wade, J. P. Robison, W. S. Streator, S. D. Harris, A. Everett, Amos Townsend, William Bingham, I). A. Dangler, 0. A. Childs, L. L. Hickox, 0. H. Payne, A. Pope, W. A. Fisher, William Collins, and Henry Nottingham. The capital stock of the Association was fixed at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, all of which was immediately subscribed and paid in. The man- agement of the enterprise was committed to the hands of twenty-three directors, one-third of whom are elected annually to hold office for the term of three years. The following is a list of the gentlemen who have served as directors of the Association for varying periods since its organization, in the order of their election, those marked thus f being now members of the board: Amasa Stone, Jr., Stillmau Witt, John P. Robisonf, John P. Ross, William Edwardsf, Worthy S. Streatorf, John S. Casement, George W. llowef, Henry F. Clark, Daniel P. Rliodes, Abel W. Kairbanksf, Edwin Cowlesf, John R. Buchtel, Hen- ry B. Payuef, George Westlake, .James Barnettf, Albert Allen f, David A. Dangler, Charles B. Petten- gill, George H. Burtf, Henry Nottingham, Hiram C. Brockway, Lester L. Hickox, John Todf, Oscar A. Childs, William W. Armstrongf, Oliver H. Payne, Pendleton G. Watmough, William J. McKinnief, Silas Merchant, Samuel Briggsf, Sylvester T. Ev- erettf, George A. Bakerf, William J. Gordonf, Ste- phen V. Harknessf , George W. Sliortf, William H. McCurdyt, Jeptha H. Wadef, Geo. E. Armstrong. Tiio officers since organization have been as follows: Presidents — Amasa Stone, Jr., 1870; W. S. Streator, 1871; J. P. Robison, 1872 to 1879. First Vice Presi- dents— J. P. Robison, 1870 and '71; D. A. Dangler, 1873; Geo. H. Best, 1873 to '79. Second Vice Presi- dents— W. S. Streator, 1870; D. A. Dangler, 1871; S. Witt, 1873 and '73; Geo. A. Baker, 1874 to '79. Treasurer— S. T. Everett, 1870 to '79. Correspond- ing Secretaries — S. D. Harris, 1870; Geo. W. Howe, 1871-'72; Samuel Briggs, 1873 to '79. Recording Secretaries— Geo. W. Howe, 1870 to '73; W. J. McKin- nie, 1873; Samuel Briggs, 1874 to '79. Nine fairs have been held by the Society, commenc- ing in 1870, and including that of 1879. There was no exhibition held in 1877, as the "Centennial Expo- sition" at Philadelphia in 187G was believed to have exhausted the i)eoplc's desire for large exhibitions for at least one year. The dates of the several fairs have been as follows: October 3 to 7, 1870; September 13 to 16, 1871; September 10 to 14, 1873; September 39 to October 3, 1873; September 14 to 18, 1874; Scj)- tember 13 to 17, 1875; September 11 to 15, 187G; September 9 to 13, 1878; September 1 to 5, 1879. The exhibitions of the Association were very suc- cessful for the first four years, both as to the interest manifested and the financial results; the entire i)rofits being applied to the improvement of the grounds and buildings, which now represent an aggregate cost, (including the capital stock,) of over two hundred thousand dollars. There has never been a fair held on the grounds of the society which was not seriously interfered with by stormy weather; but, notwithstanding this draw- back to financial success, the Association has pronij)tly met all its obligations, thereby adding materially to Cleveland's re})utation for enterprise. From its organization to and including 1878, the following have been the chief items and amounts of moneys disbursed: For advertising and printing, $35,789; for general expenses, salaries and mainte- nance of grounds, $110,331 ; for jiremiums, $101,555 — making a grand total of two hundred and forty-three thousand, five hundred and seventy-five dollars. | TUE CLEVELAND CLUB. This an organization composed of a portion of the directory of the Northern Ohio Fair Association and was formed in 1871, for the purpose of holding trot- ting and racing meetings annually at the Fair Grounds. These meetings have been uniformly suc- cessful, and are yearly increasing in interest. The club attained very high rank under the management of Mr. John Tod, its first presiding officer, and has lost none of its i)restige under that of his successors. The following gentlemen are the present officers: i William Edwards, president; George U. Burt, vice- president; S. T. Everett, treasurer; Samuel Briggs, secretary. CUYAHOGA COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. This association was organized and held its first fair in the year 1849. Unfortunately, the books re- lating to the earlier period of its existence have not been preserved, and we are unable to give the names of its first officers or the details concerning its career. For many years its fairs were held on Kinsman street (now Woodland avenue), Cleveland. The place of holding them was then removed to Newburg. After the organization of the Northern Ohio Fair Association in 1870, the exhibitions of that institu- tion witli its superior amount of capital, absorbed the interest of the people of Cleveland and vicinity to so great an extent that those of the county society seriously declined. Under these circumstances the latter removed its head(iuarters, in 1873, to Chagrin • Falls, where its fairs have since been held. Even there it has suffered from the rivalry of its powerful neighbor, and has labored under serious financial em- THE NATIONAL GITARD, ETC. 207 ever, and feel cojifideut that they have now passed the worst ])()int, and that entire success will sjtecdil}' crown their efforts. The present officers are AVilliam Stoneman, president; J. W. Collins, first vice-presi- dent; Edward Jrurfet, second vice-president; E. W. I''oroe. secretary and treasurer. Tlie preininnis olTcnvd amount to about two thousand dollars. WHSTKIIX IlESKRVE AXD NOTUTHEKN OHIO IIISTOK- ICAL SOCIETY. 'JMic association was organized at Cleveland on the '2Sth day of May, 18G7. Its first officers were as fol- lows: Col. Charles Whittlesey, president; M. 15. Scott, vice-president; J. C. Buell, secretary; A. K. Spencer, treasurer; J. C. Buell and H. A. Smith, curators for one year; C. C. Baldwin and M. B. Scott, for two years; Joseph Perkins and Charles Wiiittlesey, for three years. Mi-. Buell declined the secretaryship, and C. C. Baldwin was elected in his jilaec. Col. Whittlesey has been annually re-elected president until the present time. The purposes of the society were declared to be " to discover, procure and preserve Avhatever relates to the history, biography, genealogy, antiquities and statis- tics of the Western Reserve, the State of Ohio and the Northwest." This design has thus far, under the faithful management of the officers of the society, been most zealously and snccessfully carried out. Under an arrangement with the Cleveland " Society for Savings," and the Cleveland Library Association, tlio Historical Society has the perpetual use of the third story of the stone building erected by the Society for Savings, situated on the north side of Monumental Si|inire, Cleveland. This large and lofty hall is already crowded with historical material relating to Oliio and the Northwest, and with interesting relics pertaining to this and other regions. Here may be seen, besides a iiistorical library of some three thousand bound vol- umes, complete files of several of the i)rincipal ncws- li.ijiers of Cleveland, and a large number of bound volumes of other newspapers; curiosities from all parts of the globe, including a renuirkable collection (if Oriental articles, presented by Col. W. 1*. Eogg; numerous relics of the Mound-builders and Indians; mementoes of the late civil war and other national conflicts; some large, expensive and interesting books, such as Lord Kingsborough's Antiquities of Mexico, Professor Ilayden's Portraits of Indian Chiefs, etc. ; a very large collection of the coins of all countries, and a host of otiier articles, which lack of space for- biils our mentioning here. There is also a collection of several hundred maps, and those of early date, relating to the West, are of especial interest. Among the numerous manuscripts, too, belonging to the society, are a large number re- lating to the early history of this region, and the writer takes pleasure in repeating the acknowledge- ment, made in the introduction to this work, of the liberality and cordiality with which these and other possessions of the instit\ition have been opened to his e.xaminatiou during the prosecution of his labors. CHAPTER XL. THE NATIONAL GUARD, ETC. Fifteenth Regiment— Its Organization— First OfTicei-s— Services— Present Oflicers— Cleveland Light Artilleiy— Its Original Formation- The Reg- iment of IWK)— Reorganization after the War--A Mysterions Fight— The New Light Artillery— Its Present Sitnation— The Cleveland Grays —The Original Coni|)auy— The Officers of IH.!?— officers of 183S— Its high Reputation— Ijapseil after iwrj -Again Active— Reorganized since the War — Present Condition — Cleveland OatlingGun Battery — Its Formation— Armory— Power of the Gatlings— First Cleveland Troop- First Officers— Their New Armory— Conclusion. FIFTEENTTn REGIMENT (O. N. (i.) Eaklt in 1877 Colonel A. T. Brinsmade, of Cleve- land, an aid on Governor Hayes' staff, received a let- ter from Adjutant General Charles W. Carr, in which he incidentally remarked: "I think yon ought to have a regiment in Cleveland." Pleased with the suggestion. Colonel Brinsmade set about carrying it into effect, and to two unattached companies of the National Guard — the Brooklyn Blues, of Brooklyn, and the Emmett Guards, of Cleveland — already in existence, were promptly added the Veteran Guards, Forest City Guards, Townsend Guards, and Buckeye Guards, all of Cleveland, and the complement of six companies being thus filled they were organized in June, 1877, as the Fifteenth regiment of infantry of the Ohio National Guard, with the following field and staff officers: Allen T. Brinsmade, colonel; George A. McKay, lieutenant colonel; Henry Richardson, major; John F, Gibson, M.D., surgeon; R. W. Stannard, M.D., assistant surgeon; George B. Huston, adjutant; George D. Scott, quartermaster; Rev. James A. Bolles, chaplain. Shortly after the organization of the regiment, the maximum number of ten companies was reached by the accession of the Hart Guards of Elyria, Chagrin Falls Guards of Chagrin Falls, Washington Guards of Cleveland, and Berea Light Guards of Berea. In July, 1877, the regiment was ordered to Newark, Ohio, to take part in suppressing the disturbances created by actors in the great railway strike of that year, but. as the men were unsupplied with arms, the order was countermanded. On the 2nd of August follow- ing, the mayor of C'leveland called on the Fifteenth to assist ill preserving the peace in ("leveland when the railway-strike troubles threatened to take a serious turn in the city. The command secured rifles enough to arm five companies, and assembled on Michigan street between seven and ten o'clock on the morning of August 2d, prepared for action, but happily tlie clouds of unrest blew over, and the soldiers were dis. missed. Since the regimental organization, each company has occupied quarters of its own, but the city of Cleveland is now building, on Champlain street, a fine brick armory for the use of the National Guard, to cost twenty-eight thousand dollars, and according to indi- cations it will be occupied by the Fifteenth regiment late in the fall of 1870. The regiment included on the 1st of August, 187'J, ten companies, six of which were 208 GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY. from Cleveland, with six liundred and twenty-eight men, rank and file, and a fine band of nineteen ]iieees. Tlie officers at that time were as given here: Allen T. Brinsmade, colonel; George A. McKay, lieutenant colonel; Henry Richardson, major; George D. Huston, adjutant; R. F. Tiiompson, quarter- master; John F. Gibson, M.D., surgeon; R. F. Wal- ters, M.D., assistant surgeon; Rev. James A. Bolles, chaplain. Company A (Enimctt Guards) — William Kelly, captain; C. D. Nolan, first lieutenant; John W. Breen, second lieutenant. Company B (Brool4,I114 :iS,.Hl.'i 91,53.5,1.294 4S.61S Dover 1,445; l.Olli 420 l,4r4:J| 2; 1,273 11 LOSS 14 East Cleveland 5,051 .3,084 l,3l56 1,9SS 6^ 3,0111 10 2.:M0 3 Euclid 2,188 1,585 603 2,188 1 1,766 3 1,44; Independence 1,761 1,16C 601 1,735 " 26' 1,649 14 1,467 IS Mayfleld Middleburg Ilerea vifiage 893 78f .3,062 2,.302 1,360 3,6.59 31 2,578 19 1,428 68 1,6» 1.101 527 1,625 ■3 ^ 6,227 3,B!W 2,5.33 6,231 Olmstead 1,570 1,196 374 1,56b 4I 1:418 8 1,216 Olmstead village. . . . 812 1,432 632 953 '^ 813 1,432 1,094 1,480 1; 1,063 .... 1,329 Parma 8,001 1,089 1,409 mi 592 859 1,989 1 088 18 1 1,297 .... 1 1,2.53 Sofon 99< 76! 130 89! 1,000 ...1 1,034 Strongsville 89b 697 190 896 958 ....1 1.194 b WarrensviUe l,4a9| 969 1(K) 1,429 *The population of each village is also included in its preceding township. 1810. White. Colored. Total. 6,011 956 l.TTO 1,.570 1,244 774 851 1,342 1,113 1,078 659 399 754 1,408 1,1»4 1.051 963 960 1,193 1,151 60 0,071 Euclid 1,775 7 " 1,577 1,844 Bedford Maj-field 851 1,342 1,113 4 Middleburg 754 lirooHyn 1 1,409 1 134 Brecksville Royalton 963 Dover 906 42 1,2.35 Aggregate 26,506 The census by toumships prior to 1840 cannot be obtained. 18 lU. 18-.J0. 1830. 1840. 18i0. 1860. 18»». 1,445 14 6,274 54 10,297 76 Colored '121 '359 '894 iiilS Total 1,459 6,328 10,373 26,506 48,099 | 78.033 1.32,009 Of the 1.32,010 population in 1870, 60,72.5 were male and 05,385 female. Of the 92,829 in Cleveland, in 1870, the school attendance was 15,854:, of which 13,098 were of native birth and 2,150 foreign; 7,793 were males, 8,001 fe- males. Unable to read, over ten years of age, 2,913; unable to write, over ten j^ears of age, 4,420; of these 539 were of native and 3,881 of foreign birth. Assessed valuation of real and personal property, ^53,489,729. True valuation of real and personal p];bperty_, i&106,575,000. -Total county indebtedness, i!75,000. Total mu- nicipal indebtedness, $2,101,255. 18*0. Improved Land 197,730 acre?. Value of Farms ...' ' 330,270,197 Value of all Live Stock ....-...•.., $1,.596,653 Number of Horses. 6,902 Mules and Asses 84 MilchCows ...! 15,641 " WorkingOxen... ,..;..... 92 Sheep ,. 25,875 " Swine • 7,524 Number of bush. Spring WHieat 29,607 •' Winter Wheat 47.821 '• Rye 19,707 " IndlanCorn.. 350.702 " Oats 419,176 " Barley 5,831 '•' Potatoes. 484,724 Number of lbs. Wool 105175 '■ Butter, 78«,4:K.i " Cheese... 1,804.111 Number of Manufacturing Establishments 1.140 Employing 10,063 hands, and representing a capital of S13,645,01S. CHAPTER XLII. COYAHOGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST Governors— Lieutenant Governors— Judges of Supreme Court— Clerks of Supreme Court — Members of Board of Public Works — State Offi- cers—Residents after Election— United States Senator— Representa- tives in Congress— .Judges of Common Pleas— .Judges of Probate Court — Clerk of Common Pleas— Clerks of Countj* Commi.ssionei-s- Auditors — Sheriffs — Treasurers— Recorders— Sur-veyors—State Sena tors— Representatives in the State Assembly — Members of Constiiu tional Conventions. GOVERNORS. Samuel Huntington, resided in Clevelaml from 1803 to 180G; removed to Ncwburg in 1800, and from there to Painesville in 1807; served as governor one term, 1808-10. Reuben Wood, of Cleveland, the lust governor un- der the first constitution and the first under tlie second one; served a term, 1850-52, wjis re-elected, and in 1853 resigned to accept a foreign mission. John Brough, of Cleveland, inducted Jaiuiaiy. 1864; died in office August 29, 1865. LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS. 1872-73— .Tacol) Mueller, Cleveland. 1878-79 — Ta- bez W. Fitch, Cleveland. ^^L^^^C-'2^^,.^2.^^^^^ ^ CUYAHOGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST. 211 JUmJES OE THE SUPKEIIE COUKT. Samuel Huntington; elected by the legishitiire and connnissioned by Governor Tiffin April 3, ISO;!. Re- signed December 5, 1808. Reuben Wood; elected by the legishiturc in 1833. Resigned in 1845. Rul'us I'. Rtinney; elected by the legi.sluture (the last under the old constitution) March 17, 1851, vicv Edward Avery, resigned. In October, of the same year, was re-elected by the people. Resigned in 1856. 'I'lie next year removed from Warren to Cleveland. In 1803 was again elected to the beiicli and resigned in 1804:. CLERKS OF TUE tiUPUEME COUKT. .Vrnold Green, Cleveland; 1875-78. Riuhurd J. Fanning, Cleveland, present incumbent. MKMliElt OF UOAIU) OF PUBLIC WOUKS. I'eter Thatcher, Cleveland; 1870-70. siATE OFFICEKS — Not rcfiUlvuts iit clectiou, bill SH.bse- quently residents of the county. Alj)honso Hart, Cleveland; Lieutenant Governor. 1874-70. W. W. .Vrnistrong, Cleveland; Secretary of State. 1803-05. Anson Sniythe, Cleveland; School Commissioner. 1857-03. UNITED STATES SENATOR. In 18O0 Senator Edw.'ird Tiffin resigned, and Gov- ernor Huntington ap])oiuted Stanley Griswold, of ('leveland, for the une.xpired term, which includei^ l)ut a part of one session. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. 1837-41, John W. Allen. 1841-43, Sherlock J. Andrews. 1853-01, Edward Wade. 1801-03, Albert G. Riddle. 18G3-6i), Rufus P. Spaulding. 1873-75, Ricli'd C. Parsons. 1875-77, Henry B. Payne. 1877- 711, Amos Townsend. All residents of Cleveland at lime of their election. .lUDOES OF UxVITEU STATES DISTRICT CoURT. — 117/// date of appointment. Hiram V. Willson, February 30, 1855. UNITED .STATES MARSHALS. .Tabcz W. Fitch, appointed March 20, 1855; Mat- thew Johnson,'' ; Noyes B. Prentiss, February. 1S73 (present incumlicnt.) CI.KKK OF UNITED .STATES DISTRICT COURT. Earl Hill, March 32, 18G7, present incumbent. UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. R. F. Pavue, Moses Kelley, F. J. Dicknian, tJeorge Willey. United States Commissioners. — With date of up- pointnient. Joseph Adams, March 20, 1855; John C. Grannis, March 30, 1855, to May 13, 1850; Henry H. Dodge, May 33, 1857, to May 15, 1863; James D. Cleveland, December IG, 1857, to May 15, 18G3; Samuel D. Starkweather, Jr., July 14, 1858, to May 15, 18G3; Bushnell Wliite, May 13, 1859, to May 15, 1803; Ciiester Hayden, February 13, 1859; J. D. Cleveland, May 15, 1803; Bushnell White, May 15, 1803; F. W. Green, July 39, 1803; II. S. Sherman, April 3, 1807, J. F. Herrick, June 12, 1807; Earl Bill, June 21, 1807; Charles H. Robinson, October 7, 1807, to May 14, 1877; F. M. Keith, Jr., July 37, 1809; Charles L. Weeks, September 10, 18G9, to May 14, 1877; Charles II. Bill, January 11, 1871; N. P. Goodhue, Ajjril 10, 1874; Clifton B. Beach, April 10, 1874; L. M. Schwan, April 15, 1874; T. E. Burton, August 31, 1875; Adolphus Alexander, July 15, 187G; George Wyman, May 11, 1877; Charles W. Guernsey, May 11, 1877; Charles Balfour, November 13, 1877; Jnlius G. Pomerene, November 38, 1877; A. J. Eicks, March 23, 1878; E. W. Page, March 22, 1878. .JUDGES OF THE COUKT OF COMMON PLEAS — Appointed for Seven Years by the (lovernor, with date of Ap- pointment : Benjamin Ruggles, of St. Clairsville, (Belmont Co.), June 0, 1810; Nathan Perry, Cleveland, June 0, 1810; Augustus Gilbert, Cleveland, June G, 1810; Timothy Doane, Euclid (now East Cleveland), June G, 1810; Erastus Miles, Newburg, March 3, 1814; Elias Lee, Euclid, March 3, 1814; George Tod, Youngstown, (Mahoning Co.), November 3, 1815; John II. Strong, Cleveland, May 38, 1817; Thomas Card, Willoughby, (now Lake Co.), February 8, 1819; Samuel William- sou, Cleveland, February 5, 1821 ; George Tod, Youngstown, reappointed February 24, 1823; Isaac M. Morgan, Brecksville, February 26, 1824; Nemiah Allen, Willoughby, February 8, 1825; Samuel Wil- liamson, Cleveland, reappointed February 5, 1838; Reuben Wood, Cleveland, Marcli 30, 1830; Watrous Usher, Olmstead, February 2(i, 1831; Simeon Fuller, Willoughby, April 9, 1833; Matthew Birchard, War- ren, (Trumbull Co.), April 22, 1833; Eben Ilosmer, Newburgh, October 0, 1834; Josiah Barber, Brook- lyn, March 17, 1835; Van R. Humphrey, Hudson, (Summit Co.), March 2, 1837; Samuel Cowles, Cleve- land, September 18, 1837; Daniel Warren, Warrens- ville, February 8, 1838; Frederick Whittlesey, Cleve- land, February 37, 1838; John W. Willey, Cleveland, February 18, 1840; Reuben Hitchcock, Painesville, (Lake Co.), July 14, 1841; Benjamin Bissell, Paines- ville, Jannary 22, 1843; Asiier M. Coe, Dover, F'eb- ruary 9, 1842; Joseph Hay ward, Cleveland, February 9, 1842; Thomas M. Kelley, Cleveland, February 24, 1845; Pliiltmon Bliss, Elyria, (Lorain Co.), February 24, 1840; Quintus F. Atkins, Cleveland, March G, 1849; Benjamin Northrup, Strongsville, March 6, 212 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1849; Samuel Starkweather, Clevelandj January IG, 1851. Ekdcd h]j the Pctiple for Five Years, zvith Year of Election: Horace Foote, Cleveland, 1853; Thomas Bolton, ClcYcland, 185G; Jesse P. Bishop, Cleveland, 1850; Horace Foote, re-elected 1858; Thomas Bolton, re- elected 18G1; James M. Coffinbeny, Cleveland, 1861; Horace Foote, re-elected 18G3; Samuel B. Prentiss, Cleveland, 18GG; Horace Foote, re-elected 1SC8; Rob- ert F. Paine, Cleveland, 18G9; Samuel B. Prentiss, re-elected 1871; Darius Cadwell, Cleveland, 1873; G. M. Barber, Cleveland, 1875; J. M. Jones, Cleveland, 1875; E. T. Hamilton, Cleveland, 1875; J. H. Mc- Math, Cleveland, 1875; Samuel B. Prentiss, re-elected 187C; Darius Cadwell, Cleveland, re-elected 1878. Judges of the Pkukate Court. — Elcdvd hij the 2H'oplefor three years, xvitli.yewr of their election. Flavel W. Bingham, Cleveland, 1851; Daniel R. Tilden, Cleveland, 1854; continuously re-elected -to the present time. 1'kosecuting Attokneys. — A^ipoinlcd by the Court of Common Pleas, witli date of ummntinent. Peter Hitchcock, Burton, (Geauga County) June G, 1810; Alfred Kelley, Cleveland, November 7, 1810; Leonard Case, Cleveland, June 1, 1835; Sherlock J. Andrews, Cleveland, May 15, 1830; Varuum J. Card, Clevelaud, November 5, 1832. Elected hy the people fur two years, with year of elec- tion. Varnnm J. Card, 183S, and again in 1835; Simeon Ford, Cleveland, 1837; Thomas Bolton, Cleveland, 1839; P. T. Backus, Cleveland, 1841, and again in 1843; Bushnell White, Cleveland, 1845; Stephen I. Noble, Cleveland, 1847; Joseph Adams, Cleveland, 1849; Samuel Adams, Cleveland, 1851; Samuel Wil- liamson, Cleveland, 1853; A. G. Riddle, Cleveland, 1855; Loren Prentiss, Cleveland, 1857; A. T. Slade, Newburg, 1859; Bushnell White, Clevelaud, 1861; Charles W. Palmer, Cleveland, 18G3; M. S. Castle, Clevelaud, 18G5; J. M. Jones, Cleveland, 1867; E. P. Sladc, Cleveland, 18G9; Homer B. De AVolf, Cleve- land, 1871; William Robison, Cleveland, 1873; Sam- uel M. Eddy, Cleveland, 1875; John C. Hutcliius. Cleveland, 1877. Clerks of Court of Common Pleas. — Appointed by the Court. John Walworth, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Horace Perry, Clevelaud, November 14, 1812; re-appointed for seven years March 3, 1814, again November 10, 1820, and a third time October 16, 1827; Harvey Rice, Cleveland, October 17, 1834; Aaron Clark, Cleveland, October 19, 1841; Frederick Whittlesey, Cleveland, November 11, 1841; Aaron Clark, Novem- ber 11, 1848; Robert F. Paine, Cleveland, October 27, 1849. Elected hy lite peopile for tliree years, with year of election. James D. Cleveland, Cleveland, 1851; John Barr, Cleveland, 1854; Roland D. Noble, Cleveland, 1857; Frederick J. Prentiss, Cleveland, 1860, and re-elected in 1863; Frederick S. Smith, Cleveland, 1866, and again in 1869; Benjamin S. Cogswell, Cleveland, 1872; Wilbur F. Hinman, Cleveland, 1875; re-elected in 1878. County Commissioners — Elected by tJte peojile for three years. Jabez Wright, Cleveland, 1810; Nathaniel Doane, Clevelaud, 1810; Erastus Miles, Newburg, 1811; Pliilo Taylor, Dover, 1813; Samuel S. Baldwin, New- burg, 1813; Samuel Dodge, Cleveland, 1814; Jared Pritchard, Cleveland, 1815; Theodore Miles, New- burg, 1815; Samuel Williamson, Cleveland, 1818; Thomas Card, Willoughby (now Lake Co.), 1818; Datus Kelley, Roekport, 1819; John Shaw, Euclid, 1819; Isaac M. Morgan, Brecksville, 1821; Lemuel Hoadley, Cleveland, 1822; Simon Fuller, Willoughby, 1823; David Long, Cleveland, appointed to fill a vacancy in 1824, and afterward elected same year; Noah Crocker, Dover, 1825; Johathan Fisher, Inde- pence, 1825; Pliilo Scovill, Cleveland, 1827; Jona- than Fisher, re-elected, 1828; Leverctt Johnson, Dover, 1829;' Job" Doan, Cleveland, 1830; John B. Stewart, Royalton, 1831; Samuel Mcllrath, Cleve- land, 1832; Seth S. Handerson, Newburg, 1833; David Harvey, Strongsville, 1834; Jonathan Fisher, Independence, 1835; Samuel Mcllrath, Cleveland, 183G; John B. Stewart, Royalton, 1837; Diodate Clark, Brooklyn, 1838; Moses Jewett, Newburg, 1839, Vesi)asian Stearns, Olmsted, 1840; Diodate Clark, re- elected, 1841; Noah Graves, Chagrin Falls, 1842, Theodore Breck, Brecksville, 1843; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1844; Ezra Eddy, Mayfield, 1845; Alva H. Brainard, Newburg, 1846; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1847; Ezra Eddy, re-elected, 1848, Jason Bradley, Dover, 1849; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1850; John Welsh, East Cleveland, 1851; Jason Bradley, re- elected, 1852; Melanchtou Barnett, Cleveland, 1853; Francis Branch, Brooklyn, 1854; William W. Rich- ards, Solon, 1855; Azariah Everett, Cleveland, 1856; Francis Branch, re-elected, 1857; William AV. Rich- ards, re-elected, 1858; Azariah Everett, re-elected, 1859; John Barnum, Roekport, 18G0; David Hoege, Mayfield, 18G1; Randall Crawford, Cleveland, 18G2; John Barnum, re-elected, 1863; Charles Force, Cha- grin Falls, 1864; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1865; Marius Moore, Dover, 1866; David Hoege, Mayfield, 1867; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1868; John tieis- sendorfer. Independence, 1869; David Hoege, re- elected, 1870; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1871; Charles Jacksou, Orange, appointed to fill a vacancy, 1872; John Gcissendorfer, re-elected, 1872; Charles CUYAUOGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST. 213 Jiic'kson, 1873; George A. Scblatterbeck, Cleveland, ISTl; Philander B. Giirdner, Bcrca, 1875; Charles .Jaekson, re-elected, 187G; George A. Schlatlerbeck, re-elected, 1S77; Josiah W. Hurst, Dover, 1878. Clerks oi> the Board of County Commissionkus. — Appointed hy the Board. Jabez Wright, Cleveland, 1810; Erastus Miles, Newburg, 1811; Nathaniel Doane, Cleveland, 1813; Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg, 1813; Nathaniel l)oane, 1814; Theodore Miles, Newburg, 1815, again ill 1816 and 1817; Samuel Dodge, Cleveland, 181S; 1. B. Lee, Cleveland, 1818, and again in 1819 and 1830; John Shaw, Euclid, 1831; Leonard Case, Cleve- land, 1831. From this period the duties of the clerk devolved iipou the county auditor, ex-officio. Ai'UiTOKS — Elected hy the people fur two ye((rs, with year of eleciioit. Leonard Case, Cleveland, 1822; John W. W'illey, Cleveland, 1834; re-elected in 183G; Orville B. Skin- ner, Cleveland, 1838; re-elected in 1830 and 1832; Arvis S. Chapman, Cleveland, ajipointed to fill vac- ancy, 1834; Samuel Williamson, Cleveland, 1834; re- elected in 1836, 1838 and 1840; James A. Briggs, Cievelaud, 1843; re-elected in 1844 and 1S4G; D. 11. Whip[ile, Cleveland, 1848; Albert Clark, Cleveland, apjiointed for unexpired term 1848; re-elected in 1850; Charles Winslow, Cleveland, 1852; William Fuller, Brooklyn, 1854; re-elected in 1856 and 1858; Henry C. Hawkins, Cleveland, 1860; re-elected in 1863; Ansel Roberts, Cleveland, 1864; re-elected in 18()6; Williams. Jones, Cleveland, 1868; reelected in 1870 and 1873; L. D. Benedict, Cleveland, ajtpointed to 1111 vacancy 1874; elected also 1875; L. ¥. Bander, Cleveland, elected to a term of three years, 1877. SilEUiFFS — Appointed by the Court of ('oiiniion fleas. Smith S. r>aldwin, Cleveland, lSlii-13; Harvey .Murray, Cleveland, 1813, one montii; Kben llosnier, Newl)nrg, 1813-17; Enoch Ahirray, Cleveland, 1817- I'.i; Seth Doan, Cleveland, 18r.i-31; James S. Clark, Euclid, 1834-3U. Elected hy the [teople for two years with date of as- ■suiiiiny office. A. S. Barnuni, Rockport, November 1, 1834; Seth S. Henderson, Newburg, November 1, 1836; re-elected 1838; Madison Miller, Cleveland, November 1, 1840; re-elected 1843; Huron Beebe, Cleveland, Novendjerl, 1844; re-elected 1846; Elias S. Root, Cleveland, Nov- ember 1, 1848; Alva H. Brainard, Bedford, November 1, 1850; Seth A. Abbey, Cleveland, November 4, 1852; Miller M. Spangler, November 6, 1854; re- elected 1856; David L. Wightnum, Warrensville, Janiuiry 3, 1850; James A. Craw, Cleveland, January 7, 1861; Edgar H. Lewis, Cleveland, January 5, 1863; Felix Nicola, Cievelaud, January 3, 1865; re-elected 1866; John N. Frazee, Cleveland, January 4, 1860; re-elected 1870; Pardon B. Smith, Cleveland, January 6, 1873; A. P. Winslow, Cleveland, January 2, 1875; John M. Wilcox, Cleveland, January 1, 1877; re- elected to begin January 1st, 1879. Treasurers — Ajipointed tiy the County (Joinmis- sioners, with time of serricc. Asa Dille, Cleveland; 1810-11. P^rastus Miles, Newburg; 1811-14.. David Long, Cleveland, 1814- 16. Daniel Kelley, Cleveland, 1816-38. Elerted by the people for two years, with year of election. Ciaiiis Burk, Newburg, 1828; re-elected in 1830. Edward Baldwin, Cleveland, 1832; re-elected in 1834, '36, '38, '40 and '43. De Witt Clinton Baldwin, Cleveland, appointed for unexpired term, 1843; Me- lanetiion Barnett, Clevelaiul, 1844; re-elected in 1846 and '48. George C. Dodge, Cleveland, 1850; I'c- elected in 1852 and '54. William Waternuxn, Cleve- land, 1856; re-elected in 1858. Harvey Burke, New- burg, 1860. A. M. Burke, Newburg, ajipointed to fill vacancy, 1801. Henry S. Whittlesey, Cleveland, 1862; rej3lectcd in 18G4. Josej)h Tiirney, Newburg, 1866; re-elected in 1868. Frank Lynch, Cleveland, 1869 (year of election changed); re-elected in 1871. F. W. Pelton, Cleveland, 1873; re-elected in 1875. Moses G. Watterson, Cleveland, 1877. Recorders — A/ipninted iiy the Court of Comnmn J'leas, with lime iif serrire. John Walworth, Cleveland, 1810-13. Horace Perry, Cleveland, 1813-34. Elected by the people for three years, witli year of election. Joseph B. Bartlett, ('leveland, 1834; re-elected in 1837. James B. Finney, Cleveland, 1840. William Richards, Cleveland, 1843; re-elected in 1846. Cliarles Winslow, Cleveland, 1849. Lee Ford, Bed- ford, 1853. John Packard, Cleveland, 1855; re- elected 1858. James Brokensiiire, Cleveland, 1861. Benjamin Lamson, Bedford, 1864; re-elected 1867. Edward H. Buhni, Cleveland, 1870; re-elected 1873; Asa M. Vansickle, Indej[»endence, 1870. Surveyors — Appointed by the Court oj Common I'teas, with lime of sercicc. Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg, 1810-1833; Edwin Foote, Brooklyn, 1823-1838; Ahaz Merchant, Cleve- land, 1838-1833. Elected by the people for three years, with year of elect ion. Alia/, Meri'iianl, Cleveland, 1S33; William R. Coon, Dover, 1830; William H. Knaj)!), Independence, 1839; re-clcctetl in 1843; Ahaz ilcreliant, Cleveland, 1845; re-elected 1848; J. C. Saxton, East Cleveland, 1851; Aarou Merchant, Cleveland, 1854; re-elected 314 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. in 1857, 1800, 1863, and 186G; Jolm M. Ackley, Brooklyn, 18G9; re-elected in 1873; C. H. Burgess, Cleveland, 1875; re-elected 1878. STATE SENATORS. 1803, Samuel Huntington, Cleveland; 1831-33, Alfred Kelley, Cleveland; 1833-34, Jabez Wright, Cleveland; 1835-39, Reuben Wood, Cleveland; 1830- 33, John W. Willey, Cleveland; 1833-34, Frederick Whittlesey, Cleveland; 1835-36, John W. Allen, Cleveland; 1837-28, Simeon Fuller, Willoughby (tlien in Cuyahoga county); 1839-40, Richard Lord, Ohio City; 1843-44, Moses Kelley, Cleveland; 1847- 48, Franklin T. Backus, Cleveland; 1849-50, Henry B. Payne, Cleveland; 1853-53, Harvey Rice, Cleve- land; 1854-55, John A. Foot, Cleveland; 1856-57, Hiram Griswold, Cleveland; 1858-59, William Slade, Jr., Cleveland; 1860-61, Theodore Breck, Brecks- ville; 1863-03, John P. Robison, Cleveland; 1864-07, Samuel Williamson, Cleveland; 1808-69, David A. Dangler, Cleveland; 1870-71, W. S. Streator, Cleve- land; 1873-73, Benjamin R. Beavis, Cleveland; Al- lan T. Brinsmade, Cleveland; 1874-75, Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; William Bingham, Cleveland; 1870-77, Julius C. Scheuck, Cleveland; Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; 1878-79, Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls. REPRESENTATIVES IN THE STATE ASSEMBLY. 1804, Amos Spafford, Cleveland; 1800, James Kingsbury, Cleveland; 1809, Amos Spafford, Cleve- land; 1811, Samuel Huntington, Cleveland; 1813, Samuel S. Baldwin, Nevvburg; 1813, John H. Strong, Cleveland; 1814-10, Alfred Kelley, Cleveland; 1817- 18, Lewis Dille, Euclid; 1819, Alfred Kelley, Cleve- land; 1830, Lewis Dille, Euclid; 1831, Josiah Barber, Brooklyn; 1833, Elias Lee, Euolid; 1833, William Coleman, Euclid; 1834-30, Leonard Case, Cleveland: 1837, Josiah A. Harris, Cleveland; 1838-39, John W. Willey, Cleveland; 1830, Harvey Rice, Cleveland; 1831-33, Job Doan, Cleveland; 1833, Timothy Doan, Euclid; 1834-35, Nehemiah Allen, Willoughby (then in Cuyahoga county); 1830, Philo Scovill, Cleveland; 1837, Jolm A. Foot, Cleveland; Leverett Johnson, Do- ver; 1838, Leverett Johnson, Dover; William B. Lloyd, Cleveland; 1839, William B. Lloyd, Cleveland; 1840, Leverett Johnson, Dover; J. H. Vincent, Chagrin Falls; 1841-43, Thomas M. Kelley, Cleveland; 1843, Samuel Mcllrath, Cleveland; David Harvey, Strougs- ville; 1844, David Harvey, Strongsville; John M. Woolsey, Cleveland; 1845, David Harvey, Strongs- ville; 1840, Franklin T. Backus, Cleveland; Theodore Breck, Brecksville; 1847, Theodore Brecksville; 1848, Leverett Johnson, Dover; 1849, John Gill, Cleveland; 1850, Samuel Williamson, Cleveland; 1853-53', Arthur Hughes, Cleveland; George T. Baruum, Rockport; 1854—55, James Tousley, Royaltou; Erasmus D. Bur- ton, Euclid; 1856-57, Leverett Johnson, Dover; Isaac Brayton, Newburg; Geo. Mygatt, Cleveland; 1858-59, A. G. Gardner, Cleveland; John Watson, Cleveland; Richard C. Parsons, Cleveland; 1860-61, Richard C. Parsons (speaker); C. T. Blakeslee, Chagrin Falls; 1863-63, Franklin J. Dickman, Cleveland; Charles H. Babcock, Brooklyn; Seneca 0. Griswold, Cleveland. 1804-65, Charles H. Babcock, Brooklyn; Azariah Ev- erett, Cleveland; Charles B. Loekwood,- Cleveland. 1866-07, Charles B. Lockwood, Cleveland; David A. Dangler, Cleveland; Morris E. Gallup, Cleveland. 1808-09, Moses E. Gallup, Cleveland; N. B. Sherwin, Cleveland; Robert B. Dennis, Cleveland. 1870-71, Robert B. Dennis, Cleveland; George A. Hubljard, Cleveland; William N. Hudson, Cleveland; Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagiin Falls. 1873-73, Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; Charles H. Babcock, Brooklyn; William C. McFarland, Cleveland; George Noakes, Cleveland; Henry M. Chapman, Euclid. 1874r-75, Henry M. Chajiman, Euclid; John M. Cooley, Dover. Joseph M. Poe, Brooklyn; John P. Holt, Cleveland; Orlando J. Hodge, Cleveland. 1876-77, Orlando J. Hodge, Cleveland; John Felirenbatch, Cleveland; Theodore Breck, Brecksville; Harry Sorter, Mayfiekl; Marshall L. Dempcey, Warreusville. 1878-79, Mar- shall L. Dempcy, Warrensville; John C. Covert, Cleveland; George H. Foster, Cleveland; L. A. Palmer, Rockport; Josejjh M. Poe, Brooklyn. MEMBERS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. The first Constitutional Convention met November 1, 1803, at Chillicothe. The delegates from Trum- bull county were David Abbott, of Willoughby, and Samuel Huntington, of Cleveland. The second Constitutional Convention met at Co- lumbus, May 6, 1850. Sherlock J. Andrews repre- sented Cuyahoga county. The third Constitutional Convention convened at Columbus, May 13, 1873; the following being the delegates from Cuyahoga county: Sherlock J. An- drews, Martin A. Foran, Seneca 0. Griswold, Jacob Mueller, Amos Townsend. CHAPTER XLIII. GEOLOGY * The Map— The Transition Period— Condition of Eastern Ohio then— The Open Sea— Its Inhaliitants— The Erie Shales— Cleveland Shales— Bed- ford Shales— Berea Grit — Cuyahoga Shales— Carlioniferous Conglom- erate — Topography — Surface Deposits— Oil and Gas Wells— Pre-glacial Scenery. A STUDY of the map accompanying this sketch, which was prepared by Professor Newberry for the Ohio geological reports, will make it easy to under- stand the geological structure of the county, which is simple and easily made out from the many contin- uous exposures of the rock strata in the valleys of the streams. All of the indurated rocks of the county are now regarded as sub-carboniferous, and as depos- ited in that transition period which preceded th e deijosition of the coal measure rocks. ' By M. C. Read, A. M., Lecturer on Geology College, Hudson, Ohio. 1 Western Reserve GEOLOGICAL MAP BY J. S. Newberry, M.D. 13 Conglomerate 11 Waverly 10. Erie Shale. GEOLOGY. 21,' At the commonconjent of tliis period, the whole of the eastern lialf of the State of Ohio constituted a ]):irt of tlie open sea, with the shore line of tlie land on Mie west extending from Eric county southward, ;il<)ng a line passing a little to the east of Columbus, ihence into what is now the State of Kentucky, the ocean extending around this headland into the State iif Indiana, occupying the greater part of Illinois, and a broad expanse to the west. This ancient sea was inhabited by a variety of fish, among them the most remarkable (janoids known, some of which are described by Professor Newberry in the geological reports. It supported, also, a mass of fueoids and other sea-weeds, and in it was gradually laid dowii that great mass of carbonaceous shale, the ()utcro])s of which may be seen along a line running from Erie county southward through the State, via Delaware county, and which, with a thickness of sev- eral hundred feet, underlies the exposed rocks of this county. It is regarded as the great source of supply of the oil-wells of Pennsylvania and of the gas-wells of Northern Ohio. Over this, and in comparatively quiet waters, were deposited the Erie shales, colored green upon the map, being the oldest rocks exposed in their natural lied in the county. They are composed of soft, fria- ble, bluish-green shales, with bands of impure lime- stone, containing a profusion of fossils. They are in this county about five hundred feet in thickness, di- minishing to the west and steadily increasing in thickness to the east, and are regarded as the e(|uiva- lent of the upper half of the Portage group of the New York geologists. In Penn.sylvania they contain bands of coarse sandstone, constituting the lower sand rocks of the oil regions. In this county fissures in the shale are in places filled with dessicated petro- leum, resembling albertitc, and having essentially the same chemical composition. Where exposed they disclose no valuable minerals in sufficient quantity to be of any practical importance. CLEVELAND SHALE. After the dejwsition of the Erie siialcs tlic cdndi- lions became such that a large growth of vegetation was supported in and on the shores of the open water, by the i)artial decomposition of which the .«ediment was filled with carbonaceous matter, which, com- pressed and consolidated, formed the Cleveland shale. This is a bed of black, highly bituminous shale, con- taining ten to fifteen per cent, of combustible matter, and is the source of supply of most of the oil wells and springs in northeastern Ohio. The shale is tough, in thin layers, and when exposed to the air l)eeomes red from the slow consumption of the car- bonaceous matter and the peroxidization of the iron. The formation is in this county from twenty to sixty feet thick, the lower half often taking on the characteristics of the Erie shale below, showing that the changed conditions at the time of its deposition were not niiiform over the county. Prof. Newberry has obtained from this shale at Bedford quite a num- ber of fish teeth, consisting of species of Polyrhizn- du.i, C'ladodiix and Orodu/ij all carbonaceous sharks. The surfaces of the shale are also in this locality sometimes covered with little comb-like fossils de- scribed by Pander, the Russian pahuontologist, undei' the name of Conodonts and supposed by him to be the teeth of small sharks. Tiiese I think will prove to be dermal ossicles of cartilagenous fishes, and to be most nearly allied to the shagreen tiiat covers some portions of the sturgeon. (Prof. N., Vol. I, Ohio Ge- ology.) Other eminent palaeontologists regard them as the teeth of Annelids. It has also yielded finely preserved specimens of the palatal teeth of Ctenodvs Wagneri (Newb.), of oue specimen of which he has furnished me an excellent cast. The analysis of this shale by Prof. Wormley gives the following as its composition: Water, 1.10; earthy matter, 87. 10; volatile nuitter, G.90; fixed carbon, 4.90: 100.00. Combustible mat- ter, 11.80; gas per lb. 0.C3 cu. ft. Should the supply of petroleum from wells fail it could be profitably otjtained from this shale by distil- lation. BEDFORD SHALES. After the deposition of the Cleveland shales the conditions were again changed and the sediment con- tained but little carbonaceous matter, the coloring material of the rocks being the blue carbonate of iron. The material deposited was a mixture of argillaceous and siliceous mud, forming clay shales wiiere the for- mer predominated and sandstone where the latter pre- dominated. The upper part of this deposit is in places conspicuously red at the outcrops, the result of peroxidization of the iron. At the Newburg, Kingsbury and East Cleveland quarries the deposit is a fine-grained, blue quarry-rock, a serviceable stone for walls, window sills, etc., and for sawing into flagging stone, but requires a careful selection to exclude that containing iron sulphide, which by oxydization will color and disintegrate the stone. A single firm at East Cleveland furnishes about fift}' thou.sand S(|uare feet of flagging stone ])er jear from this rock, and that from Newburg is ex- tensively used both in and out of the county. The lower portion carries large numbers of molluscous fos- sils. In the first volume of the Ohio Re|)orts these quarries were described as on the .same horizon as the " Bucna-Vista" stone of the Sciota vallej', which has an excellent reputation and is quite similar to this Cuyahoga stone; but Prof. Orton in a recent report; in Ohio statistics (1878) locates this " Buena-Yista" immediately above the Berea. Additional work is needed for positive identification. BEKKA (ilJIT. From the sediment deposited immediately above the Bedford shale the argillaceous matter was washed out and carried away by running water or shore waves, leaving a nearly homogeneous niiiss of water-washed 216 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. saiu], which Wiis subsequently consolidated into rock, and constitutes the famous Rvrca stone, called some- times the Amhei'st stone, the Independence stone, the Ohio stone, etc., of Northern Ohio. It is a build- ing stone of great excellence, the best in the State, and equal to the best obtained anjwhere. It is about sixty feet thick, fine grained, compact, strong and durable, generally quite homogeneous, and often in massive layers which split with great facility along the lines of deposition, and can lie quarried in large or small blocks as the wants of the consumer require. Generally the upper part is in thinner layers, and suitable for flagging stone. The lower jiart is ordina- rily massive, or in thick layers. It furnishes superior material for grindstones, and is the basis of import- ant industries in the country, the shipments from Berea alone aggregating about ten thousand car-loads a year. The outcrop of this rock is in places covered by the drift, but can be traced from Olmstead Falls through Berea in Middlebnrgh township, Parma, Inde- pendence and Brecksville on the west side of the Cuya- hoga, through Newburg, East Cleveland and Euclid, thence up the Chagrin river through Mayfield and Orange township to Chagrin Falls, where it forms the bed of the river, and down the river on the opposite side to Gates Mills, where it trends eastwardly into Geanga county. In all of these townships excellent quarries could be 02iened, and the prospective value of this rock within the limits of the couuty can hardly 1)0 computed. In most of the townships quarries are already opened, and tliere is no city in the United Stiites which can be supplied with a first-class build- ing stone in much larger quantities and at cheai^er rates than Cleveland. The color of the stone differs at the various open- ings on account of the difference in the auouut of iron contained in it, and of the different modes in which tills is distributed. At Berea some of it is white, but the prevailing color is gray; at Independ- ence and Chagrin Falls light buff or drab, and in ])laces it is filled with dark colored spots from the un- equal distribution of the coloring matter. This is a very general characteristic in the eastern counties of the State. Plants similar to those of the coal measures and the remains of fishes are sparingly found in this bed. At Chagrin Falls a number of specimens of a ganoid fish — Palacnniscns Braincrdi — have been gathered, also shark's teeth, Liiujulac and the Ctenaccanthiis. CUYAHOGA SHALES. A somewhat sudden transition occurred after the deposition of the materials of the Berea grit, and a finely comminated argillaceous sediment was deposited in quiet waters which swarmed with lingnlae, disca- enal and other molluscous animals. The lingnlae and discaenal are so abundant in the shales immediately resting upon the Berea that they have become a reli- able indication of its presence below when completely covered by the overlying shales. The accumulation of this sediment continued until it attained a thickness of between one hundred and fifty and two hundred feet, much of it argillaceous and resulting in clay shales, some so siliceous as to produce a fine grained sandstone in thin layers, and occasion- ally containing such an abundance of the remains of molluscous animals as to result in an impure lime- stone. It discloses in the county no valuable minerals, but should be thoroughly exploi-ed for the outcrops of a mass of evenly bedded, hard grained sandstone, which splits with difticulty, resists abrasion, and is quarried in Trumbull and Summit counties for a pav- ing stone. For this use it is admirably adapted, and in appearance, and under all tests with the ham- mer, appears fully equal to the stone brought to Cleveland for this use from the State of New York. It is to be found in the upper half of the Cuyahoga shales, and quarries in it would prove of great value to the City of Cleveland. The Cuyahoga shale in the neighboring counties contains a great variety of well preserved fossils, most of which may probably be found in it within this county. These four beds, which have been described in an ascending order, above the Erie shale and below the conglomerate, constitute the Waverly group of the first Ohio Geological survey, and are colored yellow upon the map. The subdivisions in it, which are so phunly marked in the valley of the Cuyahoga, can not be traced through the State, but the group, as a whole, is well defined, and the term may well be re- tained l)y all writers upon Ohio Geology. CARBONIFEROUS CONGLOMERATE. The material laid down upon the Cuyahoga shales presents very much the appearance of the water- washed and reassorted residuum of a glacial drift. It is a coarse sandstone, containing many well ronuded water-washed quartz pebbles, and some large frag- ments of various granitic and metamorj)hic rocks. Whatever may be the mode by which the material was brought to its present position, it was evidently subjected to the action of shore waves, wliich carried away all the finer material, and reassorted all the sand and coarse gravel, but was not long enough con- tinued to grind up and destroy all the vegetable re- mains imbedded in it. It contains, in places, a profusion of the remains of cnlaiiiites, the Icpidoilendron, and other plants of the coal measures, which are so well preserved as to show that they were not carried far from their place of growth. The quartz pebbles and coarse gravel in- cluded in the dejiosit are most abundant near the base, and in places constitute the great mass of the rock. It projects into the country from the high- lands of the south, on both sides of the river, being the surface rock in a part of Brecksville, Royaltou ^Z^x^n^t^ nEOLOGY. 317 and Stroiifrgville townsliips, on the west side; and of Solon, Orange and Warrcnsville, on the east. Its surface is from four hundred and fifty to five hundred feet above tlie lalce, and is colored red upon the nuip. l"'rom it could he oljtained an unlimited supply of good stone for bridge and foundation uses, but tlie superior (juality and nearer proximity to Cleveland of the Berea, makes the conglomerate of little im- ])ortance, except for local use. At the time of the deposit of this, the most recent of the indurated rocks of the county, the continent supported no flowering plants; the vegetation of the land and water was confined to sea-weeds, mosses and ferns; no mammals, birds or reptiles had )i])peared anywhere, the most highly organized animals being f/iDioidf:, mud-fishes and sharks; the North American continent extended from the polar regions into but a small part of what now constitutes the United States; The Alleghanics and the Rocky Mountains were not lifted above the ocean, and during all subsequent geological times until the glacial epoch is approached, the history of Cuyahoga county must remain unwrit- ten except as its condition may be inferred from re- cords outside of the county. During this long period sedimentary rocks, includ- ing all those of the coal measures and the Permian of I'ala'ozoic time as well as all these of those Mesozoic and Cenozoie time, and aggregating in thickness not far from twenty-five thousand feet, weredej)osited; the most important mountaiti chains of the continent were lifted from the ocean, and by slow accretions the continent assumed its ])resent form. The fauna and llora also changed with the changed condition of the continent, and evidence is not wanting that Cuyahoga county for a long time enjoyed a trojjical or sub- tropical climate, and that its soil supported a luxuri- ant vegetation of tropical plants and trees. Jlany of these have left no representatives in this latitude, Ijut the gigantic Sequoia of California and our own magni- ficent whitewood or tulip tree, Lierodendron tulipifera, are survivors of genera which, in tertiary times, were represented by very many species. The con- tinent was also inhabited by many strange and for- midable animals, wild horses, oxen, huge reptiles, birds with reptile-like teeth, mastodons, elephants, etCi, the remains of the two latter showing that they were inhabitants of this county; the presence of the others only to be inferred from the fact that Cuyahoga county remained a part of the elevated land nl' the continent and open to their occupancy. Of the closing years of this epoch, before the drift, some records remain inscribed upon the rock strata of the county in the form of deep channels of ero- sion carried below the present line of drainage, and showing that the land formerly stood at a much higher elevation than now, and which will be herein- after described. TOPOOKAPIIY. The topography of the county has l)cen determined liy three causes modified by the geological structure: First. Pre-glacial siirface erosion when the land was elevated several hundred feet above the i)resent level. Second. The glacial action which scooped out the basin of Lake Erie filled the pre-glacial channels of erosion, removed the upper parts of the exposed strata, and covered the whole surface with drift, the debris of local and northern rocks. Third. Post-glacial surface erosion, which has es- tablished recent channels of drainage, and in jilaces assorted and redeposited the material of the drift. Profile .Section .\cross the Cuyahoga Valley. r - ;->^ i 5 -^ J^^ ^^>^^^^-^ a* 1 ■ — 1- ' 1 ■ — 1 ' 1 ■ iX f \ ^ u - - '- -'- --- - ' V y - -_ — -_ Sr ->_-.-- ---,^.4..-.>V /,,"■ •* ' - -."-.•.*■••-': -~ --^ - 1. Conglomerate. 'i. Cuyahoga Shale. 3. Berea Grit. Bedford Shale. Cleveland Shale. Erie Shale. 7. Old Flood Plain. 8. Erie Clay in Old Valley. This former greater elevation is evidenced hy the channels of erosion or canyons cut through the rock strata to a depth of some two Jiundred feet below the ])resent surface of the lake; the Cuyahoga occupying one of these channels, and now flowing some two hundred feetabove the bed of the ancient river. That this greater elevation and subscfiuent depression was not local, but is due to some cause affecting the whole northern hemisi)hcre, is evidenced by the deeply buried ancient river channels in all this territory, and by the contour of all the lands in the northern hemisphere. as contrasteil with that of the southern. The denu- dation of the shore by ocean waves spreads out the debris, and gives a substantial level to the floor of the ocean, and the elevations of the adjacent land will leave its perimeti'r little indented with lieadlands and bays. Long continued subaerial erosion of elevated lands will cut out deep clianncls, and a subscipient subsidence will convert these channels into bays, the elevated parts into headlands and capes, giving such an irregular contour and indented shore line tis chai'- acterizes all the lands of the northern hemispheres 318 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. and is one of the many causes of their more rapid advance in civilization, illustrating the fact that geological changes in the remote past have located our harbors, established modern centres of commei'ce, and determined the relative civilization of different sections. As the result of these influences and the action of the shore waves of the lake, which has formerly been at a higher level, the surface of the county presents a series of terraces rising from the lake until the old lake ridges are past, rising thence southward with a gradual slope, except in places where the harder rock strata have produced benches or bluSs to the summit of the subcarboniferous conglomerate. The surface drainage is all into Lake Erie, and mainly by the Cuyahoga, Rocky and Chagrin rivers and their tributaries, the Cuyahoga within the limits of this county occupying the channel of an ancient pre-glacial canyon while most of its tributaries have excavated their rock channels since the drift period. The Rocky river has mainly a recent channel, but runs near an ancient river bed, the mouth of which may be observed a little west of the mouth of the present stream. The channels of the Chagrin river and its tiibutaries are mostly post-glacial. These topographical peculiarities are the results of agencies which have been in operation for a period long enough before the glacial epoch for subaerial erosion to ex- cavate channels in the rock strata to the depth of some seven hundred and fifty feet, (or from. the summit of the highlands to the bottom of the ancient bed of the Cuyahoga,) and long enough since the close of that epoch for the excavation of the recent cliannels of the Chagrin and Rocky rivers, and for that of Tinker's creek at Bedford. This is but the brief closing chapter of the geological history of the past. SURFACE DEPOSITS. The character of the surface deposits has been determined by part of the same causes which shaped the topography of the county — the advance of the great ice sheet from the north which scooped out the basin of the lake, broke up, crushed and pulverized the surface rocks, mingled with this debris a part of the material scooped out of the lake basin, and that brought from the highlands in Canada, filled up the ancient channels, and covered the rock surface with this mixed material. During some stage of this epoch the finer material which would remain long in suspension in the water eddied backward toward the north either in open or ice covered water, and was deposited in the finely laminated clays which are the base of the surface dci)osits near the lake, and are found in places along the channels of the rivers some- times resting on the glaciated rock surface, and some- times upon the unmodified drift. In places along the valleys this drift-material has been ground up and washed by the action of water, the finer material carried away, and the residue left in the form of stratified sand and gravel, containing occasionally large boulders which have resisted all the pulverizing agencies. Along the former mar- gin of the lake the shore waves have washed out the finer portions of this material, ground up the residue and left it in a series of ridges marking successive ele- vations of the waters of the lake. Four of these ridges can be identified at elevations of about one hun- dred, one hundred and thirty-five, one hundred and seventy-five and two hundred feet respectively above the present surface of the lake, resulting in a band of light sandy soil, eminently fitted for gardening and the raising of peaches and small fruits. The drift-deposit, where it has not been modified in one of these ways, consists of a bed of clay varying greatly in its thickness, filled with the fragments of the local rocks and of all the rocks outcropping to the north to and including the granitic highlands of Canada. These must have included the coruiferou*: limestone now constituting the surface rock about Sandusky, and as a result this drift clay soil is tem- pered and ameliorated by an important percentage of lime. The upper part of this drift clay is yellow, Ijut where it is of very great thickness the lower part is blue; the relation of eacli part being such as to indi- cate that the color of the upper is the result of the slow peroxidization of the blue oxide of iron in the lower clay. This mingled material of the di-ift re- sults in a tenacious clay soil admiral)iy adapted for grazing, but capable of producing large crojjs of all our staple grains where carefully and properly culti vated. Resting upon this drift are many rounded and angu- lar granitic boulders, some of large size, which are ordinarily referred to the " Iceberg drift," these being regarded as dropped from floating icebergs after the mass of the drift was deposited. This may be sup- posed to have occurred through the breaking up of the retreating glaciers when it had become so thin as to float upon the water, and thus have constituted the final chapter in the history of the glacial period, or to have been the result of a subsequent depression of the surface and the floating southward of nortliern iceliergs. It is possible, also, that these surface boulders may be the result of the sui'face erosion of the original drift uncovering the boulders buried in it. As tending to the latter conclusion may be noted the abundance of these boulders in many jilaces on the northern side of the lake ridges where the shore waves have removed a large part of the drift deposits. OIL AND GAS WELLS. Wells have been sunk in the county for petroleum at Brighton, in the valley of the Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers, and in Mayfield, Warrensville and Euclid. Oil, appearing in the lower layers of the Bedford shales and seeping out near the outcrops of the Cleveland shale, has induced these explorations, and some show of oil has been obtained in most of these wells. Deep borings in Cleveland, one by the Gas Comjiany and one by the Standard Oil Company near the mouth of GEOLOGY. 219 Kingsbury run, have afforded some gas, while a copi- ous How lias been obtained from a well bored by Cap- tain Spaulding between Cleveland and liocky River, and a still more abundant supply from a well in the valley of Rocky river. It is doubtless true that the Cleveland and the Hu- ron shales are the great sources of the supply of the oil and gas obtained from wells in Pennsylvania and Ohio. The Cleveland shale furnishes the valuable oil obtained in the Mecca (Ohio) oil regions, which is curved upward and saturates the Berea sandstone which there lies near the surface and in places is thoroughly protected by an imperyious bed of drift clay. In Cuyahoga county the ravines cutting through this shale have for ages afforded means of escape for all the gas and oil resulting from the slow decomposition of the carbonaceous matter in the shale, and the indications are not favoi'able for either giis or oil from this source. If either is obtained in the county, it must be that produced from the Uuron shale. The conditions favorable for copious supplies of gas or oil are a heavy bed of bituminous shale, deeply buried below all lines of drainage, which has been slightly disturbed and broken up so as to afford facil- ities for the production and the escape of the liberated hydro-carbons, a coarse sandstone above to retain the products, and the whole covered with impervious clay or clay shales preventing their escape. The undis- turbed condition of the Huron shales and the want of any important bauds of sandstone in the Erie shale above do nut point to this county as a favorable site for exjilorations for oil, but the abundance of gas springs along the lake shore shows that gas is contin- ually escaping and wells bored down to the Huron shale demonstrate that in places an abundant and long-continued flow of gas may be obtained. But no surface indications will enable any one to predict the result of experiments made in any locality, and while some gas or oil will probalily be liberated by any well sunk down to the Huron sliale, the question of the amount of either obtained can only be determined by experiment. Wherever machinery is used for other purposes and affords a surplus power for drilling, a well could be sunk down at little expense, with a rea- sonable prospect of obtaining gas and the chance of obtaining oil in paying quantities. POST-GLACIAL HISTORY. After the drift period the surface was again gradu- ally clothed with regetation; new forms of animal and yegetable life appeared; new channels of drainage were established, the larger streams generally follow- ing the old pre-glacial channels, as excavations in them were more rapid than on rock surfaces; and man soon appeared as the crowning product of Cre- ative Power. Remains of his works have been found in this country and Europe in the drift, by careful observers, in such positions that they have inferred his presence hefurc the drift. But these remains have been taken from the modified river drift, and it is l)e- lieved there is no well authenticated find of this nature which has been taken from the unmodified glacia- debris, and the records of his history must yet be re- garded as bearing date subsequent to the glacial epoch. His presence in Cuyahoga county during a long pe- riod of pre-historic time is evidenced in many ways; but this part of the history of the county belongs to the archajologist, and not to the geologist. PRE-GLACIAL SCENERY. Prof. Newberry, in his report upon this county, says: " These bluffs (of the Berea) unquestionably, were once the shore cliffs of the lake, and anterior to that time the stratum of the Berea grit stretched across the valley of the Cuyahoga, probably forming a shelf over which the river flowed in a cascade rival- ing in hight, if not in volume of water, that of Niag- ara. It is not dilBcult, from a study of the character of the rock strata, to reproduce the scenery which char- acterized the Cuyahoga valley during the time of the erosion of this ancient canyon. It is only where there is an alternation of hard and soft rocks in beds approaching the horizontal position, that canyon- making proceeds with any great rapidity, and in such cases the work is carried on by an undermining pro- cess which causes the rock beds, too hard to yield to the erosive action of running water, to break by their own weight and fall in successive fragments into the chasms below them. To rejiroduce the pre-glacial scenery of the- Cuyahoga valley, we must erase Lake Erie from the map, and near the center, or a little north of the center of its present location, substitute a winding canyon, draining toward the east, and of a depth approaching one thousand feet, with number- less other similar canyons of similar depth emptying their waters into it. The land of the county, certainly more than seven hundred and fifty feet above the bottoms of tlie.se canyons, how much more we cannot tell, extended far to the north and was covered with a network of canyons, two of which were nearly coincident in location with the Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers. At some time during the process of the erosion of these channels the conglomerate of the Cuyahoga valley was not cut by the canyon at the south line of the county. At that point it then formed the bed-rock of a river which may have been many times larger than the present Cuyahoga, and which poured over its margin in a precipitous fall of three hundred feet, or to the surface of the Berea. The intervening Cuya- hoga shales are largely argillaceous and easily eroded. In most places they would all be cut out and carried away until the conglomerate was undermined, giving a precipitous fall from the top of tJie conglomerate to the Berea, with the bottom of tJie canyon strewn witii huge blocks of the conglomerate which had fallen from the bluff, as it was slowly but continu- ously undermined. In places there are very hard 220 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. beds in these Cuyahoga shales which would resist erosion, and at times, in place of a precipitous fall, would be formed a steep decline down which the water would rush in any eddying and foaming torrent, in time removing these harder beds, and when the shale became again more argillaceous, restoring the perpendicular falls. Below this fall and to the north of it, the Berea would resist erosion until after the Bedford shales be- low were carried away and the Berea undermined, when the stream would pour over it in a fall of one hundred and thirty-five feet to the bed of the tough impervious Cleveland shale. The latter, resisting erosion, would be undermined by the erosion of the soft and friable Erie shale, and a third waterfall would result of a hight of over four hundred feet. At places, the Cleveland shale is thinner and more easily eroded, and in such places the lowest fall would gradually apjiroach the second one, be ultimately joined with it, and the water would liave clear descent of over five hundred and ninety-five feet. This can- yon was intersected with other similar canyons, with similar waterfalls, one of which joined it in the cor- ner of Bedford township, passing through Northfield, Hudson and Stow in Summit county, where its buried channel is washed by a chain of swamps and lakelets. Rivulets of various sizes emptied into it from both sides, the water falls in a precipitous descent, or in a succession of cascades. In places the decomposition of the argillaceous shales would widen out the canyon, undermine the compact, hard strata above, forming a succession of bold bluils, from which huge masses would occasionally fall into the whirling torrents below, dense forests crowning the bluffs would add to the picturesque beauty of the scenery, the whole forming an interesting illustration of the resulting beauty from the orderly workings of the forces of na- ture, where no appreciative eye can see it, but which the student of nature, many thousands of years after- wards, can with a good degree of accui'acy rejiro- duce.* "-'The thickness aud the subtUvisions of the rock strata as given in this sketch are taken from Prof. Newberry's report for the State survey, to which I am also indebted for many other facts. M. C. R. isTORY OF Cuyahoga County, PART SECOND: THE CITY OF CLEVELAND, GENL. MOSES CLEAVELAND. DIED AT Canterbury. CONN. 1806. AGED 70 years. The City of Cleveland, CHAPTEll XLIV. THE FIRST FOUR TEARS. Tlip Beginning— First Streets— First Map— The Name— Tlie Stiles Fam- ily— Kirst Buildings— Boundaries— Description -Streets— Tlie Original Lots— Civil Condition— Topography, Soil, etc. — Mouth of the Cuya- hoga— Sale of Lots— The Residents the First Winter— Gifts to Settlers — First Funeral and Graveyard — Lorenzo Carter and Ezekiel Hawley — The Oldest Survivor— Pioneer House-building— Fir.st Wedding— Pro- gress of Survey— Sickness— James Kingsbury— Primitive Grist-Mill— Nathaniel Doan— Klijah Gun -Fever and Ague— Dogwood inste-id of Quinine— Failure to obtain Flour— First Grist-Mill- Thfe First Raising - Indian Quarrel— Game— A Thrilling Adventure. Tlie story of tlie various Indian tribes which lived and fought in the vicinity of Clevehmd, and of tlie military expeditions which passed along the southern shore of Lake Erie, on land and water, has already been told in the general history of the county. There, too, will be found a sketch of the title of the Western Reserve, and of the survey of that tract in the years 1706 and 1707. The separate history of Cleveland may fairly be said to begin on the sixteenth day of September, 1700, wiien Augustus Porter, the principal surveyor of the Connecticut Land Company, commenced laying out a few streets on the right hand side of tlie Cuyahoga river, at its junction with Lake Erie, for the purpose of establishing a village at that point, wiiicli it was hoped would one day become a city. Mr. Porter ran out the street lines, while his assistants, ^fcssrs. Seth IVuse, Amos Spafford and Richard Stoddard surveyed the '"city"' lots, or at least a part of them. 15y the first of October the work was completed (unless some of the lots were not marked off till the ne.\t year), and a rude map of the jiroposed city was made by Mr. Spafford, which is published in Col. Whittlesey's Early History of Cleveland. The work, of course, was under the general superintendence of Gen. Moses Cleaveland, tlie agent of the Connecticut Land CJompauy, as well as one of its principal stock- holders, who had charge of the operations in the field during that year. It was at this time, too — that is, about the last of September, 1700 — that tlie location in (piestion re- ceived the name which, with the exception of a single letter, it has ever since borne. Previously it had been spoken of in the minutes of the surveyors as " Cuyahoga," or sometimes as tlie mouth of the Cuyahoga. The first mention of the name on record, so far as is known, is in the agreement drawn up by the em- jdoycs of the company in regard to the settlement of Euclid, mentioned in the general history of tlie county. That agreement declares itself to have been entered into at a meeting " lield at the city of Cleve- land on the 30th day of September, 170C." The name was occasionally spelled without the letter a, even in the old records, but this was through inadvertence. General Moses Cleaveland, who had bestowed his own name on the "city" he had founded, always spelled it with an a, and this example was followed in all written and printed records (except by occasional accident) for fifty years from the time in question. The "city" at that time contained two log houses! one had been built the previous spring as the head- quarters of the party which was surveying the Re- serve, and was also occupied as the residence of Job P. Stiles and Tabitiia Stiles, his wife, who " kept house" for those of the jiarty who were from time to time at headquarters. It was sometimes called " Pease's hotel," from Setii Pease, who was Mr. Porter's principal assistant, and was situated on the low ground under the hill, between Main street and the river. The other, near the junc- tion of Main sti'eet and the river, was the storehouse of the surveyors, and had also been built by them during the same season. There was also on the ter- ritory now belonging to the city on the west side of the river, a dilajiidated, unoccupied log house, which was sup]iosed to have been erected ten years before l)y the agents of the Northwestern Fur Company, in which to receive i)rovisions brought from Pittsburg, as narrated in the general history. The ma]i before mentioned, made by Mr. Sjiafford, is dated October 1, 1790. The area which had been surveyed for the proposed city and was delineated on tlic map was bounded north by the lake, west by the river, south by a line a little south of Ohio street, and Cii-st by a line a quarter of a mile east of Erie street, crossing the i)resent Phiclid avenue at the junction of Huron street. The map shows the " Pul)lic Square," now Monu- mental Square, containing ten acres, with Superior street running through it parallel with the lake shore. It iiad first Ijcen nametl " Hroad " street, and that (223) 224 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. name had been written on the map, hut had been stricken out and Superior substituted. Parallel with Superior street. Lake street occupied its present cour,se, but extended only from Water street to Erie. Huron street ran as now from the river to a point a cpiarter of a mile east of Erie, where the city then ended. Ohio street ran from Erie westward only to Miami street, which then extended thus far south. Another street was delineated on the map under the name of Federal street. It ran from Erie eastward to the east- ern limits of the city plat; occupying the ground now embraced in that part of St. Clair street, but extending no farther west than Erie. Bath street ran from Water street westward along the margin of the lake to the mouth of the river, being some twelve rods wide at the eastern end, but gradually narrowing to five or six rods at the western extremity. These six streets (Bath, Lake, Federal, Superior, Huron and Ohio) were all that were at first surveyed to run parallel with the lake shore, and generally called "east and west streets." The "north and south" streets, or more accurately those at right angles with the lake, first surveyed, were Water, Ontario, Miami and Erie. The first still re- tains the same course and extent then given it, run- ning from the foot of Superior street northward to the lake. Ontario ran from the lake southward through the Public Square to Huron street, occupy- ing the same ground as now, except the extension from Huron street to Central Market. Miami street began at Huron, followed its present brief course southward, and also extended on the same line to Ohio street. And finally Erie street, which was the longest in the city, ran from the lake southward over its pres- ent course to the line of the surveyed tract, which, as before stated, was a little south of Ohio street. Besides these there were three streets, as they are termed on the map, but usually called lanes in the old records, designed to lead from the low ground along tlie river to the bluffs above. One running from the junction of Superior and Water streets northwestward to what was called the " Lower Landing," was named Union street, or lane, and corresponded to the present southern part of Spring street. Mandrake street then as now extended from Water street southwesterly down the hill to the landing, while Vineyard street ran from the junction of Water and Superior street southwesterly to the "Upper Landiug," it being now called South Water street. Still another lane, called Maiden lane, was survej^ed from the middle of Vine- yard street in an easterly course up the hill and thence to Ontario street, which it reached at a point about half way between the square and Huron street, but tills was soon entirely abandoned. It is not certain exactly when the names of Broad and Court were changed respectively to Superior and Ontario, but it would appear as if it was done by Gen- eral Cloaveland's orders before the map left Sjiafford's hands, as the chirography of the new names is seem- ingly the same as the rest of the writing on the maji. The same map showed a complete division of the city into lots, though it was not certain that they were all surveyed and marked that autumn. They were numbered from one to two hundred and twenty; the first extending from Lake street to the lake shore on the east side of Water street, and the last running from Miami street, nearly opposite the junction of Ohio, back to the Cuyahoga river. The greater por- tion of the lots were eight rods by forty, containing two acres, l)ut many were larger than that and some were smaller. Number two hundred and twenty, just mentioned, was over a hundred and twenty rods long, while numliers one hundred and twentj'-five to one hundred and thirty-three inclusive, lying south of Ohio street, were only about ten rods long. There were, however, only a few lots having less than two acres each, and it is perhaps largely due to this libera! plan, devised by the projectors of Cleveland, that the city is to this day probably the "roomiest" one of its size in the United States. While some of the surveyors were laying out the city proper, others were dividing the suburbs into out-lots. From Erie street east and from Ohio street south the nearest land was divided into lots of ten or twenty acres each, while the remainder of the survey- townsliip of Cleveland, comprising what was subse- quently known as the civil townships of Cleveland and Newburg, was divided into lots of a hundred acres each. The tracts just mentioned (that is, the city lots, the ten and twenty acre lots and the hundred acre lots) together occupied all that part of the pres- ent city east of the Cuyahoga, all of tlie present town- ship of Newburg and the eastern part of the present township of East Cleveland. No civil township had yet been organized in this part of the county in the fall of 179G. The territory of the future city east of the river was nominally comprised in the county of Washington in the North- west Territory, but no actual jurisdiction was exer- cised here by the Territorial authorities, and it was not yet quite certain whether the Connecticut Land Company was not vested with all the powers of gov- ernment as well as the title to the land. The land on the west side of the Cuyahoga was nominally in the county of Wayne in the Northwest Territory, but though the pre-emption right to it had been purchased by the Land Company, the right of occupancy had not been bought from the Indians, who were in undis- turbed possession of all that portion of the Reserve. The surface of the embryo metropolis was moder- ately level on botii sides of the river, except that on each side a steep bluff, from fifty to eighty feet higli, separated the low flats of the Cuyahoga from tlie ta- ble-land aliove. Near the present eastern bounds of the present city the ground rose into a high ridge which extended nearly north and south a distance of about four miles. From this ridge the stream now called Kingslniry run flowed westward into the Cuy- ahoga through a narrow hollow, bounded by bluffs almost as lofty as those wliich enclose the river flats. THE FIRST FOUR YEARS. 225 The larger stream which soon received the name of Mill creek ran in rapid cascades, between rocky and l>recipitous banks, liirough the extreme southeastern part of the present city, long known as Nowburg, and then, curving southward, emptied into the river ill the present township of Inde])endence. Another brook, ere long known as Doan's creek, from one of the earliest of the i)ionecrs, having begun its course in Warrensvijle, ran southwestward through the ex- treme eastern jiart of the present city to the lake, but was not distinguished by the very high banks which marked the other streams. The soil of the whole tract was a sandy loam, some- linios almost pure sand, with occasional sections of clay or gravel. Out of this arose a heavy growth of chestnuts, oaks, elms, nuiples and beeches, their mighty trunks standing far ajjart, but their wide- spreading boughs shading all the (^arth with a dense mass of foliage. The Cuyahoga river emptied into the lake a short distance west of its present mouth, and still farther west was to be .seen the location of a still earlier bed, which was then a staginmt pond. Across the mouth of the river ran a bar of sand which in spring and fall was torn open by the current of the rushing river, but which in summer came so near the surface that even the light schooners, two or three in num- ber, which then navigated Lake Erie, could not cross it. Once inside, there was a commodious harbor, with room and depth for vessels of the first class. Such was the locality selected by General Moses Cleaveland, acting in behalf of the Connecticut Land Company, for the principal city of the Western Re- serve. The survey township in which it was situated had been selected as one of six, which were to be sold for the benefit of the company at large, and not to be divided among the stockholders, as was almost all the rest of the Reserve. It had accordingly been divided as before stated, the part nearest the city into the ten and twenty acre lots, and the remaindi^r into hundred acre lots. It was proposed to sell at first only a fourtii of the townships, and Augustus I'orter, the principal surveyor of the company, submitteil a propo- sition as to the manner of making such sale. In the first place city lots number fifty-eight to sixty-three inclusive, and eighty-one to eighty-seven inclusive, comprising all the lots bordering on the puidic srobate by his father, and perhaps by others of the older Indian.s, that young Omic kept his own side of the stream, and according to Mrs. Miles' recollection he did not again cross it until, several years later, he was on the way to his trial and execution. We have mentioned in the general history of the county the loss of the boat which started from Cleve- land in the spring of 1806, containing a Mr. Hunter, his family, and two colored persons, and was wrecked a little east of Rocky river; a colored man called Ben being the only jierson saved. The incident had a curious sequence, related by A. W. Walworth in his sketch of Major Carter, published inC'ol. Whitteslcy's work. When Ben wa^ brought back to Cleveland, half starved and nearly frozen to death, he was taken to Carter's tavern, which was the general rendezvous, especially for the used-up part of tlie community, wlio had no other home. Rheumatism drew Ben's limbs out of shape, some of liis toes were so iiadly frozen that they came off, and he was unable to do any work, but the free-hearted major kej)t him throughout the summer. In October two Kentucki- ans came to Cleveland, one of whom declared that he was the owner of Ben, who was an escaped slave. The major told them what a hard time Bon had had, and how he, the major, had kept him, gratis, on ac- count of his misfortunes. "I don't like niggers," said the worthy major, "hut I don't believe in slavery, and Ben shan't be taken away unless he chooses to go." The owner declared that ho had always used Ben well, that he had overpersuaded to run away by^ others, and that he would probably be willing to go back to his old home. He wanted to have a talk with Ben, but the major would not consent to this, unless the negro desired it. Finally, after consulting Ben, it was agreed among all the parties that a parley should take place in the following manner: The owner was to take his station on the east bank of the Cuyahoga, near the end of Huron street, while Ben was to take his post on the opposite side, and the conversation was to be carried on aci'oss the stream. Certainly the major guarded pretty efFectually against treachery. This jirogram was faithfully carried out. After salutations back and forth, the master said: "Ben, haven't I always used you like one of the family? " " Yes, massa;" replied Ben. The conversation was carried on for some time, many inquiries being made by Ben. regarding old acquaintances, and by the Ken- tuekian I'egarding the adventures of his servant. Great good feeling seemed to be manifested on both sides, though no definite arrangement was made. This, however, was consummated by future negotia- tions, and the next morning, but one, young Walworth saw the Kentuckians starting southward on the river road, Ben riding his master's horse, while the latter walked on foot by his side. But the most curious part of the affair was still to come. Eight or nine miles from the village a couple of white men, who had been hanging around Carter's tavern all summer, getting their living principally off from the good-natured major, suddenly appeared by THE VILLAGE FROM 1800 TO 1815. 333 the roadside witli rifles in their hands. One of Iheiii eried out: "Ben., you d — d fool, jumpolT from tliat horse and take to the woods." This was long before the days of revolvers, aud the owner's big horse-jjistols were in the holsters on the iiorse that Ben. was riding. Besides, both the Ken- tiickians were too much surprised to make resistance on (he instant. Ben. jumped of? the horse and ran oil' into the woods; the two riilemeu immediately fol- lowed, and the Kentuckians were left to digest their disappointment as best they might. They probably tiiought that the game was not wortli any more hunt- ing and . In .fune previous he had been ap- pointed inspector of the port of Cuyahoga, but had continued to reside at Painesville, making occasional visits to the scene of his few oflicial duties. Previ- ous to tiiis there liad been practically nothing to pre- vent the smuggling from Canada of whatever any one desired. Tiie loss to the United States government was not probably very large, however, as throe years later tiie amount of im])orts from Canada, for a year, was only fifty dollars. Mr. Walworth was also ap- pointed associate judge of Geauga county just before his coming to Cleveland and postmaster of that place in May after his arrival, the latter appointment, being in place of Elisha Norton, wlio removed from the vil- lage. After a sliort residence on Superior street he removed to a farm he had purcluised, about two miles 111) the Pittsburg road, now Broadway, embracing what was commonly known as Walworth point. We have had frequent occasion to speak of the marshy ground in various parts of Cleveland. A youthful visitor of 180G speaks of the boys and girls pieking whortleberries in the marsh " west of Dolph Edwards";" thai is in tjie vicinity of the present work- house. At this time the ridge- road from the mills to Doan's Corners was lined with fields almost all the way from the mills to Kingsbury's, and much of the distance from there to the corners. The fields, how- ever, contained many dry, girdled ti'ees, presenting an unsightly appearance to any one fresh from the highly cultivated farms of New England. Several orchards were rapidly approaching maturity, and Mr. Kingsbury's bore a few apples that year. Mr. Kingsbury's farm being in a prosperous condi- tion, he determined to have a framed house. He jiut up the frame that year, 180G, depending on obtaining his lumber from Williams and Uuntiiigton's sawmill. But the dam went off in the s^n-ing and the frame re- mained uncovered for over a year. Unwilling to be so dependent on others and having ain-etty good mill- privilege on Kingsbury run, the energetic judge went to work and erected a sawmill. The next year, 1807, he covered his house; making the brick for the im- mense stack of chimneys from clay close by. Ilis son still jiossesses the last brick made, marked with the date, "June ^2, 1807." , The house was a large two-story frame, and is still standing in good repair, occupied by a son, James Kingsbury, then unborn, but now an aged man. It is probably the oldest building standing within the limits of the city. Part of the upper story was fin- ished off in a large room, in which dances were held, and also masonic communications, the judge being a zealous member of the mystic order. One of the visitors to Cleveland mentions attend- ii^ a meeting at Doan's Corners, where a preacher named Daniel Parker attempted to introduce a new religious sect called the Ilaicyonites, but apparently with little success, as we hear no more of that sweetly named denomination. Tlie preachers who sometimes visited Cleveland bore jiretty general testimony to the wickedness of the inhabitants, but it appears to have related more to matters of opinion and of language than to more violent offenses. Crime of every kind seems to have been very rare, and the settlers were nearly all industrious, honest and enterprising. Prob- ably they drank a good deal of whisky, but that was a common fault in those days and is not yet entirely overcome. But the reverend gentlemen accused them of gross infidelity, of terrific jirofanity, and what was worse of making a practice of slauglitering their hogs on Sun- day. This was certainly a most objectionable proceed- ing, in taste as well as in morals. Newbui-g, or "tiie Mills,'' was considered a little better, but not niiicli. An incident of 1807 shows the off-liand way in which things were done in tlio.se days. One morning a man who had worked for the Major two or three months suddenly disappeared. He had taken nothing and the major owed him a few dollars; so that his running away was (piite inexplicable. Spafford went to his brother major. Carter, and told him about the affair. Carter at once said that no one should run aw.iy from Cleveland, sliouldered his rifle aud started 234 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. in pursuit. Taking the fellow's trail, he overtook liini near tlie ])rescnt Willson avenue, and onlerecl his return. "No," he replied; "I have stolen nothing and don't owe anything; I shall not go back." " Go or be killed," was the rei)ly of Carter, "and be thrown into this eat tail swamp for the wolves to feed on." The man sullenly assented, and Carter took him back to Spafford. " Why did you run away,'" (juericd the latter; " I owe you some money. " " Well," replied the man, " I have always been a rover, and when I have worked as long as I want to in one place, I generally run away.'' "It's a bad practice," said Spafford, "and you can't do it here." " I see 1 can't,'" admitted the man. "Well, now, sit down and eat your breakfast, and 1 will see how much I owe you, and after I pay you, you can go, and welcome." "Well, now," said the other; "I have given up going, and I am willing to stay and work a spell longer." " All right," replied the Major; and accordingly the fellow continued to labor for his former employer two or three months longer. We have heard of a great many cases of men being brought back by force to pay their debts, but this is the first instance, with which our historical researches have made us acquainted, of a -man's being ct.mpellcd in that manner to receive money which was due him. In 1807 the fourth draft of the lands of the Western Reserve was made. Samuel P. Lord and others drew the township of Brooklyn, which then came to tlie river at its mouth. Another major, Nathan Perry, became a resident of Cleveland in the summer of 1807. His son Hor- ace preceded him a few months, and another son, Nathan, Jr., followed in the autumn. Several incidents occurring at and near Cleveland we have mentioned in the general history of the county. As we have also stated there, Judge Hunt- ington moved to Painesvilleand was elected governor of the State. While in office (in 1809) he appointed Hon. Stanley Griswold, United States senator to fill out a few months of an unexpired term. Senator Griswold then lived at " Uoan"s Corners'' (now in the east part of the city). A visitor mentions attend- ing a spirited militia election there while the senator was at Washington; at which the late Allen Gaylord, of Ncwburg, was elected ensign. Senator Griswold remained a resident there but a short time after the exiiiraliou of his term in congress. Mrs. Miles relates an incident of tiiis period (about 1809) when she was the youthful Fanny Hawley of some sixteen summers, which gives an idea of the alarms to which the damsels of that day were subject. Tliey were not so terrible as on some frontiers, where the lomaliawk and scalj)ing-knife were in fre(|iu'iit use, but were sufficiently startling to seriously try the nerves of our modern belles. She was riding to Cleveland on horseback, on a man's saddle impro- vised into a side-saddle, over the road from the Kings- bury settlement, which ran near the line of the present Kinsman street. When in the midst of the woods, about half way to town, her horse suddenly stojiped. An Indian came out of the woods, put his hand ujion her, and in harsh, broken English, said : "Give me whisky." "Why, I haven't any whisky,"" replied Miss Haw- ley; "not a jiarticle." "Ughl damn you — give me money," then said the son of the forest, in a still more angry tone. At this moment the young lady's horse, which had been fretting at the presence of the red man (for white men's horses were usually much afraid of In- dians), suddenly dashed off through the woods at high sjieed. Miss Fanny was entirely unable to hold him, and clung to the jiommel and crupper as best she could. The animal soon came near the house of a Mr. Dille, lately settled in that locality, who ran out and stopped him, and the young lady received no injury. The runaway was not pleasant, but it at least cleared her of the Indian. She went on to town, and on returning found that the same Indian had been at herfathcr's house during her absence in company with his squaw. He was con- siderably intoxicated, and soon began to make a dis- turbance. Mrs. Hawley gave him a push which toppled him over on to the fire. He got up, very angry, but did not commit any personal violence. His squaw told Mrs. Hawley to carry out of doors everything with which he could hurt any one. Mrs. Hawley and the squaw accordingly slipped out and hid a butcher knife and one or two similar articles. As they were doing so the Indian snatched a loaf of bread from the bake oven and started. Mrs. Hawley met him at the door. He put his hand to his breast as if to draw a knife. Mrs. Hawley dodged, and he ran off into the woods with his loaf of bread. The whole proceeding may not have been dangerous, but it was not at all amusing. In 1807, (January 5,) the fifth and last division of the lands of the Western Eeserve was made at Hart- ford, including the unsold lots at Cleveland. The same year Brooklyn, including the present west part of Cleveland, was surveyed into lots and offered for sale. That year also, the brothers Levi, Samuel and Jonathan Johnson became residents of the still dimin- utive city. By far the most imiHirtant event of the year con- nected with Cleveland was the establishment of the county-seat at that place. Cuyaiioga county had been set off from Geauga in 1807, l)ut had not been organized, nor had a county-seat been designated. In the spring of 1809 a commission was appointed by the State authorities for that purpose. There was quite a sliarp contest between Cleveland and Newburg for tht' location. Tlie latter place was full as large as the THE VILLAGE FROM 1800 TO 18L5. 235 foriner and even more thriving, on account of its su- jierior health. Cleveland, however, whicli had evi- dently a good commercial location, with large pros- ])ccts of becoming an important port, succeeded in the contest. In 1800 Judge Walwortli, then jiostmaster, eni- pliiyed Levi Johnson to build a small framed office on Superior street. This is said to have been the first framed building erected in the "'city," except barns, and except Carter's house, which was burned. At all events, a framed building was enough of a novelty so I hat people collected in considcral)le numbers to watch its progress. Major Carter, however, built a warehouse on Union lane in 1809 and 'l(i, showing that there was certainly som.e business at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. In the si)ring of 1810 Elias Cozad, a young man of twenty-one, settled at " Doan's Corners," where he still resides. He had come to that locality with his fatlier, Samuel Cozad, in 1808, but had returned eas^ to tinisli learning his trade, that of a tanner. Imme- diately after coming to the corners for tlie second time, he built and bjgau operating the first tannery in the township of Cleveland. Mr. Cozad was after- wards an officer of tlie militia in tlie war of 1813. He has been an active citizcm througliout the greater part of his life, and, notwithstanding his great age, is a person of marked intelligence. We had the pleasure of a most interesting conversation with him during the p:ist year on the events of early times. No male resi- dent has spent so long a period of his adult life in wiiat is now the city of Cleveland as Mr. Cozad, though there may be some still surviving who were 1)1 iru liere before he came, or who came here as boys before he did. Samuel and Matthew Williamson set uf) a tannery in Cleveland proper, that is in the then village of Cleveland, soon after Mr. Cozad started his at Doan's Corners, in the latter part of 1810 or forepart of 1811. Alfred Kelley the first practising lawyer, and David Lang, the first physician, both also nuide their home in Cleveland in 1810. Mr. Levi Johnson has left a record of the inhabit- ants of Cleveland in 1810, which we copy entire. According to it the population of the youthful city was then as follows; the figures after each family rep- resenting the total number of its members: Abram lliekox and family (.5); Dr. David Long; Mrs. Coit; Alfred Kelley; Levi Johnson; Lorenzo Carter and family (7); Elias and Harvey Murray and family (-1); Major I'erry and wife (3); Henoni Carter; Hold Me- Conkey and family (3); JacobWilkinson and family (5); Samuel Johnson; Charles Gun and two brothers (3); John Walworth and family (7); Samuel Williamson and family (.')); Matthew Williamson; Mr. Hnmiston and family (-1); Mr. Simpson and family (5). This made a total of fifty-seven persons then resident in the village of Cleveland, fourteen years after it was first laid out; certainly not a very hopeful iadicatiou of future greatness. Elias and Harvey Murray, above mentioned, owned a store, as did also Major Perry, these being the only storekeepers in the place. These were something like real stores, having taken the place of the cabins jiartly tilled with Indian goods which were called stores a few years earlier. Not, indeed, that these later ones were at all splendid; they were merely rude depositories of the coarse goods of all kinds generally used by farmers and mechanics in a new country. It was May of this year (1810) that the first Court of record in the county was organized in the store of E. & II. Murray. Mr. Elias Cozad attended it, and mentions the fact that the presiding judge, Hon. Ben- jamin Ruggles, wore a queue — evidently a gentleman of the old school — for queues had generally gone out of fashion. There were very few suits, the j)rincipal business being the trying of indictments for selling liquor to the Indians. The next year the Messrs. Murray built a log ware- house near the river, which indicates two things: In connection with the erection of Major Carter's ware- house a year or two before it shows that quite a little business was done at this port, and it also shows that the place was still in a very backward state and profits small, or the merchants mentioned would have put up a framed warehouse. George Wallace came this year and began keejiing tavern. His and Carter's were the only taverns in the place. Carter died during the war. The next year saw the first execution in Cleveland and the breaking out of the conflict with Great Brit- ain, commonly called the war of 1813. Both these events have been spoken of at considerable length ; the former having been under the control of the county authorities, and the latter a matter of national im- portance. The war did not affect this place very se- riously, though the jieople were kept in a continuous state of alarm for a large portion of the time, for fear lest an invading force should reach them either by sea or land. All the events of a warlike character which oc- curred here during the war of 1812, were necessarily narrated in the general history of the county, and few events not of a warlike character occurred here until after the close of the war. There is extant a list of the families living in Cleveland at the beginning of the war. These were those of George Wallace, Samuel Williamson, Ilezekiah King, Elias Murray, Richard Bailey, Amasa Bailey, Hiram Hanchett, Harvey Murray, Abraham Ilickox, Levi Johnson, Samuel Jone.s, David Ilickox and Dr. Long. The list of two years before conii)rised eleven families — that of the present year, thirteen — a gain of one family per year. Besides those named, there were James Root, Alfred Kelley and Matthew Williamson, who were without families, and probably some others. All the places of business were on Superior street below the present location of the Weddell House, while most of the residences were ahso on some part of Superior street l)elow the Public Square. A few 236 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. ouly were ou side streets leading off from it. Nearly all the rest of what now constitutes the city was forest or swamp until one reached the extreme outer portion. At Doan's Corners was a thriving farming settlement, consisting of Mr. Doan, Mr. Cozad and one or two others, and the farming tract before men- tioned, which extended south along the ridge, now known as Woodland Ilights, to Newburg, was by this time j^retty thoroughly cleared up. Rudolphus Ed- wards had a hundred and fifty acres under cultiva- tion, Judge Kingsbury had another large farm, and similar, though perhaps smaller ones were located all along the route. Newburg was a thriving little place, but from there to Cleveland village about the only clearing of any consequence was the Walwortli place, about two miles up the river, where Mr. John Walwortli died during the first year of the war. The large tract between the farms on the Hights, the road to Newburg and the Euclid road, and thence north to the lake, was substantially in the same condition that it was in when Moses Cleaveland first came to the mouth of the Cuyahoga. As has been stated, all the warlike movements of that period have been narrated in the general history, as has also the erection of the first-court house by Levi Johnson. A few minor incidents of that excit- ing time may, however, be worth mentioning. Two days after Perry's victory, Mr. Levi Johnson and a man named Rumage found a large flat boat which had beeu abandoned by Quartermaster (afterwards General) Jessup. They loaded this with two hun- dred bushels of potatoes, took them to Put-in-Bay and sold them to the fleet and army, easily quadrupling their money. Jessup kept the boat to aid tlie move- ment of Harrison's army into Canada, while Johnson returned to Cleveland as pilot of the sloop " Somers," one of Perry's victorious fleet. Soon after, Rumage returned with the flat boat, and with news of the victory of the Thames. Johnson resumed command and made several successful trips. There was but little progress during tlie war, yet the first brick building in Cleveland was a store built in 1814, by J. R. and L-ad Kelley. In that year Spafford's old map was copied by Alfred Kelley, and marks added showing all the buildings in existence in the village when the copy was made. There were tliirty-four in all. In 1814, Levi Johnson built the schooner "Pilot." The curiosity concerning it is that for convenience in obtaining timber he built it in the woods, near the site of St. Paul's church, on Euclid ave7uie, half a mile from the water. When it was finished, the en- terprising builder made a " bee." The farmers came in witli twenty-eight yoke of cattle, and the "Pilot" was put on wheels and dragged to the foot of Superior street, where it w'as launclied in the river, with re- sounding cheers. On the 23d of December, 1815, the legislature jjassed an act incorporating the village of Cleveland. This was the last event of especial consequence affect- ing that place before the close of the war of 1812, which occurred the same winter. The succeeding era of peace may properly be begun with a new chapter. Before entering ou the new era, however, we will ap- pend a des-cription of the jollification which took jilacu when the news of peace arrived here, in nearly the same words in which the event is recoi'ded in a manu- script preserved in the Historical Society. When the news was received, the citizens assembled by a common impulse to celebrate so momentous an event. The depression, the sacrifices and the alarms of three tedious years were terminated. There was no formal meeting with speeches and resolutions, but a spontaneous and most exuberant expression of joy. Every one w-as in a mood to do something extrava- gant. It is reported that one of the citizens, by way of an impromptu feu de joie, set fire to a load of hay, which a farmer was bringing to market. A government gun was brought out. Abram Hick- ox, the principal blacksmith of the village, carried the powder in a pail; throwing it into the piece by the handfull. Another gunner had a fire-brand with which to "touch off" the gun, a spark from whicli found its way into "Uncle Abram's" pail. He wa-^ seen to rise instantly from the earth as high as the eaves of an adjacent house (so runs the record), com- ing down half stripped of his clothing. In this plight he ran down Superior street, scrciiming vehe- mently that he was killed. He was not, however, and, after doing the blacksmithing for one generation, he survived to become the .sexton of the next. Whisky was regarded as common property on that day, jicrforming an important ])art in their patriotic rejoicings. Before night not a few found it desirable to lean against a friendly stump, or recline comfort- ably in a convenient fence-corner. But they soon re- covered, and went to work at their respective voca- tions with great hopes of the prosperity which was to follow the return of peace. CHAPTER XLVI. THE VILLAGE FROM 1815 TO 1825. First Vill.ige Officers— General Depression— Another Vessel built inland — N. H. Merwin— Mrs. P. Scovill— Going to Church liy Bugle call- Leonard Case's Description— The Traveled Streets— Woods, Swamp and Brush— The Residents and their Families— Moses W'hite — Prom- inent Men of Newburg — *■ Cleveland, Six Miles from Newburg" — The Euclid Road — Laid out to the Corner of the Square — Framed Warehouses — Stone Quarry and Mill at Newburg— Commercial Bank of Lake Erie— Orlando Cutler— Samuel Cowles and Reuben Wood— Land on the Square sold for SIW per Acre— Ansel Young — Steamboat and Newspaper— '"The God of Lake Erie ""- Carding Machines and other Items— P. 31. Weddell— Michael Spangler— Religious Matters— A Theatrical Performance— John Brooks and other Newburgers- Killed by a Limb— Hunting Deer— The First Bridge— Business Rivalry— The Cleveland Academy— The Cleveland Forum— The West Side— Poor Harbors— The Canal— The Turning Point^J. W. Allen. On the first Monday of June, 1815, the first village election took jilace. The following officers were unan- imously elected; each receiving twelve votes: Alfred ,HIAW«, A^tA THE VILLAGE FKOM 181j TO 1825. 137 Kelley, president; Horace Perry, recorder; Alonzo Carter, treasurer; John A. Acklcy, marshall; George Wallace and Jolin Riddle, assessors; Samuel William- son, David Long, and Xatlian Perry, Jr., trustees. The hopes entertained of great immediate prosperity on the niturn of jieace were by no means realized. In fact, the sudden change in the value of paj)er money and the general financial stringency which came upon the country immediately after the war, combined with (lie cheapness of agricultural products, the ditfieulty of sending them East, and the general indebtedness for land, rendered the live years next succeeding the war even more discouraging than the jieriod which jireceded it. Nevertheless there was (piiU' a number of new resi- dents came in that jjcriod and tiiere was (juite an amount of business done, considering how small a place Cleveland actually was. This year the enterprising boat-builder, Levi John- son, laid (he keel of the schooner "Neptune," of six- ty-five tons, near the site of Central Market, and it was afterwards moved to the water by the same means employed in the case of the "Pilot." Noble n. Merwin, long a prominent citizen of Cleve- land, came to that place in 1815, and began keeping the tavern j)reviously kept by George Wallace, at the corner of Superior street and Virginia lane. He also engaged largely in the provision trade, vessel-building, and other business connection with the lake. Among the newcomers of 1816 was Miss Bixby, now the venerable Mrs. Philo Scovill. She mentions among those who were then residents in the village, Levi Johnson, Alfred Kelley, Phineas Shepard, the widow Carter, whose house had a large rye-field in front of it, Phineas Shepard, who kei)t the old Carter tavern. Dr. Long, before mentioned. Dr. Mackintosh, N. H. Merwin and Hiram Hanchett, the tavern-keepers, Horace Perry, Philo Scovill, after- wards her husband, who kept a drug store, etc. There was no church nor settled minister, and when a traveling preacher occasionally came along, meetings were held in the scliool-house in winter and in the conrt-housc in summer. The people were called to meeting by the blowing of a bugle by a Mr. Bliss. A detailed description of Cleveland in 181G was made in writing Ijy the late Leonard Case, wlio first came to tlie village on the second day of August, in that year. From this document, for the use of which we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Williamson, we select the principal points. The only stieets cleared were Superior, west of the square, Euclid street (or more jji-operly the Euclid road), which was made passable for teams, and a i)art of Ontario street. Water street was a mere winding path in the bushes. Vineyard lane and Union lane were paths running down to the river. Mandrake lane was all woods, none of it being worked. Seneca and Bank streets were all woods. Ontario street, north of the scjuare, Superior street, east of it. Wood, Bond and Erie streets were all in a state of nature. Ontario street, south of the square to the site of the market, and thence along the line of Broadway, was open for travel, as that was the road to the thriving village of Newburg. There was also the Kinsman road (now Woodland avenue), but that was entirely out of town. Nearly all the ground between the hill and the river was what Mr. Case designates as swam]), with occiusional pieces of pasture land. On the hill there were the improved lots along Superior street, and north of it the rye-field of ten acres, also mentioned by Mrs. Scovill. Levi Johnson had a field where the City Hospital now is. The rest of the land covering all between St. Clair and Lake streets, and most of that between Superior and St. Clair, and running east to Erie street, was in brush or slashing; the larger timber having been cut down for use and the rest left standing. It afforded considerable pasturage to the cattle of the villagers, and the children found large quantities of strawberries there. South of the gardens on Superior street, as far east as lot eighty, the land was also a bi'ush pasture. Un along the liigh banks as far as the Walworth farm on the road to Newburg there was more woods and less pasture. East of Pittsburg street, (the Newburg road,) all was woods with occasional patches of brush. Mr. Case also gives an account of all the inhabit- ants, though our space will not permit us to go so fully into detail as he does. On Superior street there were Noble H. Merwin, his wife Minerva, his clerk, William Ingersoll, and his boarders, Thomas 0. Young, Philo Scovill, Leonard Case and others; Hi- ram Hanchett, his wife Mary and five children; Silas Walsworth and wife; James Gear and wife, (the last two named men were hatters;) Darius B. Henderson, his wife Sophia and their daughter; Dr. David Long, his wife Juliana and two children; A. W. Walworth, postmaster and collector; Daniel Kelley and his sons Joseph R., Alfred, Thomas M. and Irad, of whom J. R. and Irad were merchants in company; Almon Kingsbury, who was carrying on a store in company with his father James Kingsl)ury; Pliny Mowry, who kept tavern on the site of the Forest City House; Hor- ace Perry and his wife Abigail; Abram Ilickox, the blacksmith, and his family; Levi Johnson and his wife Margaret; Amasa Bailey; Christopher Gun, who kejjt the ferry; (Jeorge Pease; Phineas Shepard, who kept tavarn in the old Carter building, part log and part frame; Nathan Perry and his wife Paulina (the former being the owner of a store, with a good assortment); John Aughcnbaugh and family (butcher); one negro family (name unknown); Dr. Daniel 0. Iloyt, who soon moved to Woostcr; Glm). Wallace (tavern keeper), his wife Harriet and four children, and his boarders, James Root, S. S. Dudley, H. Willman, William Gay- lord and C. Belden; Asahel Abell, cabinet maker; David Burroughs, Sr., and Jr., blacksmiths. On Water street there were Samuel and Mathew Williamson, tanners; Maj, Carter's widow, on the bank of the hill; John Burtiss, brewer and vessel builder; 238 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. John A. Ackley and family; Dr. Donald Mcintosh; William C. Johnson (lake captain) and family; Harpin Johnson (hike captain) and family. Alonzo Carter was then living on the west side of the river, and his appears to have been the only fanrily there. Those who came somewhat later the same season were Lnther M. Parsons, Moses White, James llynd- man. Abram Winston, Chas. Frisbee, Sherman Peck, George G. Hills, Eleazer Waterman, Daniel Jones, Orlando Cutter and Thomas Eumage. Mr. Moses White, one of the newcomers, is still a resident of the city and gives a similar description of the primitive village. He mentions a little new school house where the Kennard House now stands. It was eighteen feet by twenty-eight, with a stone chimney. Mr. AVhite put up a tailor's shoj) the nest year, it being the first in Cleveland. When he wanted to get it painted he had to go to Newburg for a jiainter. There were two stores there and about twenty-five houses. Daniel, Theodore and Erastus Miles and Al- lan Gaylord were among the principal citizens. Also Aaron Shepard, Gains Burke and his brothers, and N. Bates. It was hardly as large as Cleveland, but was surrounded by a more flourishing country. Letters used to come, directed to "M. White, Cleveland, six miles from Newburg, Ohio. Bilious fever, as well as fever and ague, was still prevalent here, and at the rival port of Buffalo they told Mr. White that if became to Cleveland he would not live over night. But he did live and the town lived, too. The I'elics of Fort Huntington, erected during the war, were still standing, between Seneca and Ontario streets, but soon disappeared. The Euclid road did not originally come to the Public Square but stopped at Huron street. As there were no improvements in the way, however, the peo- ple traveled on to the square, and soon after the incor- poration of the village, the road or street was extended along the same line.* In order to strike the corner of the square, it was necessary to make a slight angle at the junction of Huron street. It would hardly be noticed by the casual traveler, but may easily be seen on careful observation. Bond and Wood streets, and a street around the square were laid out at the same time. The total assessed valuation of the whole original plat of the village, in 1816, was twenty-one thousand and sixty-five dollars. Down to this time all the warehouses had been of logs. In 1817, Leonard Case and Captain William Gaylord built the first framed one, on the river, north of St. Clair street. Soon afterwards Levi Johnson and Dr. David Long built another framed warehouse, below Case and Gaylord's, and, ere long, still another was built near it by John Blair. Between Blair's warehouse and Murray's log one was an imjiassable marsh. About 1817 Abel K. Garlick came and liegan cut- ting stone on Bank street. He obtained a fine- *Some make the date later, but the weight of evideuce is iu favor of the peiiod mentioned. grained, blue sandstone from Newburg. Ere long a mill was erected at the quarry on Mill creek (New- burg) below the falls, where the stone was sawed, as it now is at Berea and elsewhere, into slabs for use. This was the first establishment of the kind iu the county. Abont this time (1817) Mr. Josiah Barber, one of the proprietors of land on the West Side, established a store there, and offered inducements to persons to pur- chase and settle there. Phineas Shepherd moved over and went to keeping tavern. He had possibly done so as early as 1816. There were already clearings back in what is now the township of Brooklyn, but none near the mouth of the Cuyahoga, excejit Alonzo Carter's place, until the time in question. Another account gives the date of ^tr. Barber's movement as late as 1819. The Commercial Bank of Lake Erie had been started in 1816, with Leonard Case as cashier, but there was hardly business enough to support it and it went down in 1819. It, however, revived and went on. The prominent arrivals of 1818 were Orlando Cut- ter, who began business with a stock of twenty thou- sand dollars, then considered an immense amount; Samuel Cowles, a lawyer and business man, and Reuben Wood, also a lawyer, who afterwards became governor of the State. At this time James Kings- bury sold to Leonard Case five acres where the jjost office and neighboring buildings now stand, for one hundred dollars per acre, which was then considered a good price. Another gentleman who came in that year died during the present one, at the age of ninety- one. This was Ansel Young, who settled at Doau's Corners, where he was long known to the general public as the only maker of almanacs in this region, and to his acquaintances as a man of marked scien- tific acquirements, and as the intimate friend of the eminent historian, Jared Sparks. We have noticed in the general history the arrival of the first steamboat, the renowned " Walk-in-the- Water," and the establishment of the first newspaper, the Jiet/ister, in 1818, and the second one, the Herald, iu 1819. One of the earliest issues of the latter sheet had an article satirizing the fever and ague, which was still the great bugbear of this region. It ran as follows: " Agueagueshakeshake, The god of Lake Erie, Takes this opportunity to announce his high satis- faction for the devotion offered at his shrine by the new converts on the shores of his dominion. He would feel much pleasure could he continue his resi- dence through the winter, but, having lately experi- enced much rough handling from his enemy. Jack Frost, the Demon of the Forest, he is now under the necessity of holding his court among tlie alcoves of Erie, among his liege subjects, the Muscalouges and Catfish. On the 1th day of July next, he will remove TIIK VILI,A(iE FROM ISi:, TO 1825. 2.10 his court lo the liigliluiids of tlic Cuyiilioga, luul, as ho hopes, witli force to drive old Jack into tlie hike, ajid continue his laud dominion for many a good year to come. " Among other things, we learn from tlie I/cnih/ of 181!), that Ei)hraim Ilubhel wa.s tlieu jiutting up two carding machines at the mills at Ncwhurg, and would soon do carding for six and a fonrtli cents a pound; lliat Dr. David Long was selling salt, plaster, iron, buffalo robes, etc.; that Merritt Seeley had purchased the stock of Orlando Cutter; that S. S. Dudley sold goods, and took bills of the bank of Cleveland and similar financial institutions; that E. Childs was sel- ling fanning-mills; that John 15. Morgan was making wagons, and that II. Foote was keeping a book store. In 1820 that well-known citizen, Peter M. Weddell, established himself in Cleveland; engaging in mer- cantile pursuits, and by his energy and enterprise contributing largely to the welfare of the slowly-groAv- ing village. Another newcomer of 1820, less iirominent than Mr. Weddell, but still a very active citizen, was Mi- chael Spauglcr, who began to keep the " Commercial Cotfee-IIouse," previously the Wallace stand, where he remained twelve years. From his widow we have ol)tained some items regarding the period in question. Mr. and Jlrs. Spangler being of Pennsylvania-Ger- man extraction, the farmers of that blood, of whom there were many in northern Ohio, used generally to stop at the "Coffee House'' when they came into town with their flour and other products. There were many other travelers, too, especially in the spring and autumn; and sometimes, when the 02)ening of navigation was unexpectedly delayed, people would be compelled to stay at the Cleveland hotels two or three weeks, waiting for the boats to run. Religious advantages were few. An Episcopal Church (Trinity) had been organized as early as 1816, but there were only occasional services by a minister. In 1820 a few residents engaged the Rev. IJandolph Stone, pastor of a Presbyterian Church iu Asiitabula county, to give one-third of his time to Cleveland, and in June of that year the F'irst Presbyterian church was organized with fourteen members. Even this late, the place seems to have been some- times pretty well blocked up in the winter. The llvrahl, of January 18, 1820, announced that there was no news from Columbus; no mail having arrived since the issue of the paper a week before. The very first that we hear of theatrical represen- tations at Cleveland is in the winter of 1820, when an entertainment was advertised which certainly offered suHicient variety — including as it did the comic opera entitled "The Purse, or the Benevolent Tar;" scenes from "The Stranger;" and "The Village Lawyei"" concluding with a "Dwarf Dance:" and all for the sum of fifty cents — children half price. By this time Xewburg, which liad long kept up a rivalry with Cleveland, began to fall l)ehind in the race. Still C'leveland grew but slowlv. and some zealous Xew- burgers thought that something might yet happen to give their village the advantage. John Brook owned the gristmill there in 1820, and Harrison Dunchc was another well-known resident. Among the young men of that place at an early day were the three brothers Caleb, Ashbel and Youngs Morgan, all still residents in that part of the city. It was about 1820 that while several men, resident near Uoan's Corners, were riding back from the vil- lage one evening, a limb fell from a forest tree near the present corner of Willson and Euclid avenues, breaking the leg of one of the men, named Coles, who afterwards died of the injury. There were tlien a few clearings between Willson avenue and the Cor- ners, but it was all woods from that avenue to Erie street. Doer were common in the forest on both sides of the Euclid road iu 1820 and as late as 182.5. Captain Lewis Dibble says that when the young men wanted some fun three or four would go with their rilles to watch at the shore of the lake; another would range the woods on the tract now in the central or eastern part of the city with hounds, and would almost al- ways start one within an hour. He would almost in- variably head for the lake, and was very fortunate if he escaped the waiting riflemen. Sometimes one would swim out far into the lake and then return; landing a mile or more from the place where he en- tered. Wolves, though thick iu some parts of the county, had disappeared from the present territory of the city before this period, but bears were occasionally seen, though very seldom. In 1822 Willman White and S. .J. Ilamliti as con- tractors, built the first bridge over the Cuyahoga at Cleveland; Josiah Barber (west side), Philo Scovill and Reuben Champion being the supervising com- mittee. Thocitizens subscribed considerable amounts to build it, and those who could not pay money fur- nished wheat, rye, whisky, lumber, etc. There was plenty of business rivalry in those days, and some bitterness over it; for in 1822 a mer- chant advertised that all the goods mentioned in his advertisement, could be found in his "small, white store," notwithstanding the insinuations put forth from the "large brick store," with so many displays of superior advantages. It was at this period, 1822, that a brick school building, called the Cleveland Academy, was erected. A school was opened in it immediately afterwards, and for many years it was the pride of the village. Not only was education earnestly desired, but other efforts at mental improvement were made. The " Cleveland Forum" was an institution of some permanence, which met regularly during successive winters, to practice debating and emjiloy other means of im- provement. In 1824 the first steamboat was built at Cleveland; the " Eiiferiiriso " of two hunilred and twentv tons constructed bv Levi Johnson. 240 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. By this time there was a small cluster of houses on the west side, the locality being known with the rest of the township by the name of Brooklyn. The bar at the mouth of the Cuyahoga prevented any but small vessels from entering, and even these often did so with difficulty. Large vessels lay to, and were unloaded by means of yawls. The various ports along the lake were all jealous of each othei', and sought to exaggerate the jjoorness of each other's harbors. Li 1825 the Sandusky Clurion declared that tjie yawls which unloaded vessels at Cleveland had lately stuck several times on the bar at the mouth of the river. Tiie Cleveland Herald retaliated by stat- ing that canoes entering Sandusky Bay, had run afoul of the catfish there, and been detained until the latter had their daily ague-fits, when the boats were shaken off, and proceeded Joyfully on their way. On the fourth day of July, 1825, ground was broken at Cleveland for the Ohio canal. This was the turning point in the history of Cleve- land. It had been twenty-five years since it was laid out by Moses Cleaveland, with the design that it should be the emporium of the Western Reserve, and still it was only a small village. Hon. John W. Allen, then a young law student, who came in 1825, estimates the population of Cleveland, at that time, at about five hundred inhabitants, and that of the village on the west side, then known as Brooklyn, at about two hundred. The actual beginning of work on the canal sittracted general attention to this point, and within a year the population had rose to one thousand. Mr. Allen, himself, who had come from the East to find a growing town in which to make his home^ wrote back that Cleveland was tiie most i^romising point for a city that he had seen, and he accordingly entered himself • as a student in the office of Samuel Cowles. Of this new Cleveland, which has since that time, notwithstanding occasional drawbacks, made such rapid strides toward greatness, we will sj)eak in the succeeding chapters. CHATTER XLVII. FROM 1825 TO THE CITY CHARTEH. Less Attention to Intiividiials— First Appropriation for a Harbor— The Fii-st Pier — No Results— Another Appropriation— Major Maurice's Vlan— The River Damned— An Angry ** Serpent "—A New Channel— Another Pier— Complete Success— Canal Opened— Disastrous Sick- ness- Brooklyn Village— Tlie First Lighthouse— Slow Increase- Then very Rapid Progress— Old-fashioned Relics— The Flush Times —The Buffalo Company in Brooklyn— The Two City Charters— The Dividing Line. As, after 1825, the population of the thriving vil- lage of Cleveland mounted in twelve years to a jwpu- lation of some five thousand, and the jilace attained the dignity of a city, we cannot henceforth give that attention to individuals which we have previouslv given, but must confine ourselves in this continuous sketch to a condensed statement of the principal events; although a large jwrtion of the more active citizens will necessarily be noticed more or less, farther on, in our account of the numerous organiza- tions of the city. If Cleveland was really to be a great commercial city, the first and most necessary object for it to at- tain was a harbor. We are indebted to Col. Whit- tlesey's "Fugitive Essays" for an account of the early efforts in that direction. In the session of 1824-5 Congress granted ^5,000 to construct a harbor at Cleveland. It was confided to Ashbel Walworth, then collector of the port, without instructions, and without any survey being made by the government officers. Mr. Walworth was full of zeal, but had no knowledge, theoretical or practical, about harbor- building. As the northeast winds predominated, how. ever, driving the sand to the west to such an extent that by successive encroachments the mouth of the river had been gradually forced westward, and the water entered the lake in an oblique direction, Mr. Walworth and those whom he consulted, naturally thought that the proper thing to do was to build a pier into tlie lake east of the mouth, so as to stop the drift from the east; it being supposed that the force of the water would then keep the channel clear. Accordingly, in the summer of 1825, the five thou- sand dollars was expended in building a pier six hund- red feet into the lake, nearly at right angles with the shore, (north, thirty-two degrees west), beginning forty rods east of the east bank of the river at its mouth. Strange as it must have seemed to those who are always boasting of the infallibility of "common sense," the eminently common-sense method em- ployed in building the jiier produced no benefical re- sults whatever. No increase in the depth of the channel could be observed, and when the sand was cut out, it filled up again with the same rapidity as before. At one time there was actually a bar of al- most dry sand across the mouth of the port of Cuya- hoga. In the autumn of 1825 a meeting of the citizens was held, a hundred and fifty dollars Avas raised to pay expenses, and Mr. Walworth was sent to Wash- ington to solicit another appropriation. As there were only thirty or forty yearly arrivals of vessels at the port of Cu3'ahoga, Congress was not favorable to the application. Hon. Elisha Whittlesey who so long and alily represented in Congress the Western Reserve district, of which Cuyahoga county was then a part, heartily seconded the efforts of Mr. Walworth, and after a long struggle Congress ajipropriated ten thou- sand dollars more for a harbor at Cleveland, though not in time to be used in the summer of 1826. In the spring of 1827, Major T. W. Maurice, of the LTnited States engineer corps, arrived at Cleveland, made a survey and reported a plan which was adopted by the government. It was determined that the river should be made to empty into the lake east of the Walworth i>ier, and that another pier should be con- structed still east of that; the channel being com- pelled to flow out into the lake between the two struc- ^,'7i^/h'}^'7^^ FROM 1825 TO THE CITY CHARTER. 241 lures. Major Maurice accordingly ordered a dam to 1)(' hiiilt across tlio river opposite tlie soiitli end of tlic Walwortli pier. This occupied the season. In the fall the dam was closed. Tliese proceedings of course materially interfered with ordinary business, and many of the lake cai)tains were very angry. They thought the plan an absurd one, and roundly abused tlie works and workmen. The schooner " Lake Serpent " entered the river, and found itself shut in between the dam and the bar. The captain was obliged to hire men to dig a tempo- rary channel through the bar in order to get out on the voyage for which he had arranged. He was furious u ilh rage, and swore he only wanted a lease of life until that nonsensical plan succeeded. When the fall rains came on, the river rapidly rose. .Men were then employed with picks and spades, oxen and scrapers, to make a trench across the isthmus from the river to the lake. As soon as a small opening was made the river broke through, and by the time the flood subsided there was two feet of water in the new channel, which was constantly enlarging. When the " Lake Serpent" came back from its trip it could easily enter the river by the new route. The old cliannel soon filled up; yet it remained the dividing line between the townshi])s of Cleveland and Brook- lyn, so that there were several acres of Cleveland on I he west side of the river. The next spring the eastern pier was begun, but was not comiileted that year. Without attempting to follow all the details of the work, suffice it to say that Major Maurice's plan was completely successful, and a permanent and excellent harbor was the result. The work was not done for ten thousand dollars, how- over. Both the piers were carried back through the sandy shore to the river, and were also extended into the lake, by means of successive appropriations, much i)eyond their original length. In fact the work was not closed until 184(), by which time the sum of sev- enty-.seven thousand dollai's had been expended. In 1S27 the canal was oj)ened for navigation from Cleveland to Akron, and the Clevelanders became more confident than ever of the great future before them; a confidence justified by the rapid increase of ])opulation. Unfortunately, however, the canal brought serious evils as well as benefits. The throw- ing up of so much nudarious soil was the cause of a very disastrous ])eriod of sickness, extending through lS27aiid 1828. Fever and ague and l)illious fever Were the prevailing iliseases. The former weakened the systems and shattered the constitutions of its vic- tiuis; so that when the latter attacked them it j)roved fatal to an extraordinary degree, especially among the laborers residing on the bank of the canal. When the tow-path w;is raised, several years later, numerous skeletons were found of those who had l^ecn buried where they died, beside the nudarious ditch which had caused their death. The village of Brooklyn, which, it will be remem- bered, then lay directly across the river from Cleve- land, though as yet but a liamlet, still made consider- able progress, and the establishment of a new store there by H. Pelton, "a few doors north of J. Bar- ber's," was one of the events of 1827. In the spring of 1828, what is now one of the prin- cipal interests of the city, the iron business, was in- augurated by John Ballard & Co., who then put their new iron foundry in operation. The same year witnessed the introduction of the agent by means of which alone could the iron busi- ness be carried on to any great extent, and which is also employed for a thousand other uses in our mod- ern life. In the year named, Henry Newberry, father of Professor Newberry, of Cleveland, shipped to that place a few tons of coal from his land near the canal. Part of it was put on a wagon and hawked about town; the attention of the leading citizens being called to its good qualities. But no one wanted it. Wood was plenty and cheap, and the neat housewives of Cleveland especially objected to the dismal apjtear- ance and dirt-creating qualities of the new fuel. Once in a while a man would take a little as a gift, but, aft-er the wagon had been driven around Cleve- land all day, not a single i)urchaser had been found. At length, near nightfall, Mr. Philo Scovill, who was then keeping the hotel known as the Franklin House, was ])ersuaded to buy some, for which he found use by putting grates in his bar-room stove. Such was the beginning of the coal-business in Cleveland. The new fuel soon found favor, for the small manufac- turing and mechanical industries of the period, and large shijiments were ere long made on the canal, but it was long before the matrons of Cleveland would tolerate it in private residences. In 1830 the United States built the first light-house at Cleveland, at a cost of eight thousand dollars. It was situated on the bluff, at the north end of Water street; the land being a hundred and thirty-five feet above the level of the lake. From 182G to 183i) the village did not increase very rajjidly; the prevailing sickness neutralizing the bene- fits conferred by the canal. In the latter year Cleve- land, CJolumbus and Dayton each had between a thousand and eleven hundred inhal)itants. Hut after 18;{0 the sickness abated. The caiuil was tlu'H (jomplcte throughout its whole length; business was brisk all over the country, and the population of Clevelaiul advanced at a very rapid rate. By 18:i3 it had reached two thousand five hundred. At this l)eriod, after IS.'JO, the common council ordered the grading of some of the principal streets — Superior, Ontario and one or two others. Down to 18.'50 the population had not extended eastward beyond Hi-ie street, which was the eastern limit of the corporation, but it now began to overgrow that boundary and spread along p]uclid and Supei'ior streets. Things still had rather an old-fashioned, country- like appearance. Mr. W. A. Wing, now of Strongs- ville, .says that when he came to Cleveland, in 18.34, 242 TIIE CITY OF CLEVELAND. there was a big guide-board at the junction of On- tario street with the Public Square, which tokl the distances to Painesville. Erie and Buffalo on the east, to Portsmouth on the Ohio river on the south, and to Detroit on the west. Old fashioned swing-signs were also in use before at least a portion of the hotels. But the days of smartness and cityhood were com- ing quite fast enough. The population increased with rapid strides, and in 1835, according to an informal census then taken, it was found that the residents of Cleveland numbered five thousand and eighty. It had more than doubled in two years. Business was brisk to an extraordinary degree, owing to the vast amount of paper money in circulation, nominally redeemable in cash, but practically irredeemable on account of the general worthlessness of the security. Every one was ready for any enterprise or speculation which offered. These were the celebrated "flush times," of which considerable has been said in the general history of the county. ^Meanwhile the village of Brooklyn, though far be- hind Cleveland in size, had during the last five or sis years made almost as rapid progress as the latter place. An organization, commonly known as the Buffalo company, had in 18.31 bought a lai-ge tract of land on the west side of the river, had laid it out in streets and lots, and had pushed forward improve- ments at a rapid pace. In the beginning of 1836, when Cleveland was estimated to have neai'ly six thousand inhabitants, the population of the village of Brooklyn was calculated at two thousand. By this time the people of both villages were fully persuaded that they could afford to indulge in the advantages and glories of a city government. The benefits to be derived from a union of the rival interests on the two sides of the river were also appre- ciated to some extent, and an effort was made to pro- cure a city charter covering both villages. But the rivalry was so great — the people on each side wanted so much, and were willing to accord so little — that the plan fell through. The leading men on both sides then turned their efferts to obtain separate charters from the legislature. Either through superior adroitness or from mere chance, but certainly to the intense disgust and mor- tification of the more numerous Clevelanders, the Brooklyn people succeeded first, and on the third day of May, 183G, obtained a charter under the name of Ohio City, while it was not till the eighth of the same month that Cleveland became the possessor of city honors. The dividing line between the two cities, unlike that between the townships, followed the new channel of the river, erected in 1827, so that the the tract of about seven acres, between the new and old channels, was in Ohio City, but in the township of Cleveland, and so remained until the townshiji organization was abandoned. CHAPTER XLVIII. AN OUTLINE OF LATER YEARS Climax of the Land t^jieculation— Improvements— Number of Arrivals of Vessels— A Break in the Tide— Great iJisaster— No Progress \mtll liMO— First Important Iron Worlts- Paving— Prospe ity in IKK)— Over- floiving Hotels— The Weddell— The Free High School— Spreailing out — Love of Clevelanders for Room — Euclid Avenue — Population in 1S50 — A Commercial City— Union of Cleveland and Ohio City — Cleveland in the War- It becomes a Manufacturing City — Annexation of East Cleveland— Of Newburg and other Tracts— Depression and Revival- Concluding Remarks. The year 1836 saw the climax of the great land spec- ulation, which had been raging with sucli extraordi- nary violence for three or four years throughout the country, and especially along tlie great line of emi- igratiou, extending from the East to the West, which passed along the southern shore of Lake Erie. City lots doubled, trebled, quadrupled in price in the course of a few months, and each successive advance seemed a new evidence of prosperity and anew reason for higher prices. The authorities of the new-born city were quite willing to exercise their power, to improve and beau- tify the tract committed to their charge. The grad- ing of streets, etc., went on with great vigor. Mr. Wing, before mentioned, graded Pittsburg street, (now Broadway,) in 1836, previously a mere country road. That year or the next he took a contract, which he sublet, to grade the public square, which until that time had been more like an ordinaiy cow- pasture than like a city park. In Ohio City, too, all was excitement and progress. That year the city authorities built a canal, beginuing in the Cuyahoga, opposite the termination of the Ohio canal, and running through the marsh into the old river bed. They did not succeed in making a new harbor, as they apparently hoped, but the basin thus reached was sometimes used for keeping vessels. From March 15 to November 28, 1886, the number of sloops, schooners, brigs and ships arriving with cargoes at the port of Cuyahoga was nine hundred and eleven, while the number of arrivals of steamboats, with passengers, was nine hundred and ninety; an enormous aggregate, when we consider that it was only sixteen years since the first steamboat had ap- peared on the waters of Lake Erie, and only eleven years since the whole number of arrivals, of every description, was but from forty to fifty. In the latter part of 1836 there was a break in the tide of apparent prosperity which had been sweeping on so gaily for the previous five years. Banks began to break, private fortunes began to collapse, and the fair fabric of inflation trembled and tottered beneath the chilling blasts of reality. But the people could not believe that the immense fortunes which they had built up for themselves out of their imagina- tions, with no more real basis than worthless paper money, could all vanish when their value was tested, and they still clung with desperate tenacity to the high prices which speculation had placed upon all AN OUTLINE OF LATER YEARS. 343 kinds of property. It was all in vain, however, and the next year (1837) saw the complete collapse of the inlliiliou balloon, and the full inauguration of the '■ Hard Times" par excellence, the most disastrous pi'i-iod, financially, ever passed tlirough by the people ol' tlie United States. Cleveland, however, presented one exception to tJie uuneral rule in Western cities. The Bank of Lake Eric did not break down under the stress of disaster. \ host of its customers did, however. It was com- pelled to take land in payment of the debts due it, and became the largest landholder in the city. In 1843 its charter expired and it wound up its business. Tiiere was no increase of population from 183G to lS-10. The number, according to the census of the latter year, in the township of Cleveland, was seven thousand and thirty-seven; of which about a thousand was outside the city. After that year the disheart- ened people began to take new courage, and engage again in business enterprises. William A. Otis estab- lished iron works, the first of any considerable con- sequence in the city. Several thousand tons of coal were by this time received every year, and Cleveland soon began to make considerable progress as a manu- facturing place. About 1843 the first attempts at paving were made, oti Suj)erior street, between the square and the river, and also on River street; that is if it could be called l)aving to place heavy planks crosswise of the street to keep wagons out of the mud. When these became warped and loosened, and partly worn out, as they soon did, they were a most unmitigated nuisance. On River street the water sometimes rose and floated tliem otf into the Cuyahoga. An effort was then made to pave the jirincipal streets with limestone, but this crumbled too easily, and it was soon found that it would not answer. Medina sandstone was next trii;d, and as this was found to answer all the conditions of a good paving-stone it was permanently retained. By 1845 the city was again in the full tide of prosperity, accompanied by far more solidity than characterized it in the (lush times ten years be- lure. In that year, 1845, the population of Cleveland was nine thousand four hundred and seventy-three; that of Ohio City, two thousand four hnndred and sixty-two. The entertainment of travelers formed a consider- able j)art of tJie business down to the time of the con- struction of railroads; the hotels often overflowing with people waiting for steamers, or just landed from steamers, to an extent scarcely ever known at the pres- ent time. The Weddell House was built in 1845 and '40 and at once took the position of the foremost lio- tel in the city. The interests of religion were not suffered to lan- guish, as will be seen by the sketches of tlic numerous ehurclies which sprang up at this period; and as to education, Cleveland was probably abreast of any other place of its size in the country. The Cleveland Free High School, established in 1840, was the first institution of the kind in the State, and one of the very first in the whole Union. All this time the jiopulation of Ohio City was stead- ily sjireading westward and northward, and that of Cleveland eastward and southward. By 1848 the ex- treme eastern limit had reached to Clinton street. The characteristics impressed on the city by its foun- ders, when the tract was laid off in lots of two acres each, still showed tJiemselves. The people having from the first acquired a taste for large and roomy locations, they almost all declined to be shut up in close brick blocks, but insisted on having separate houses, each with its own piece of land. The rich had fine mansions, with lawns and orchards about them; those of more moderate means had substantial houses with ample gardens; the poor had cottages with small yards; but nearly everybody had breathing room. Of course this involved a good deal of travel to and from places of business, and a large outlay for paving, street lighting, etc., but there is no doubt that these inconveniences and expenses were far more than made good by the increase of home comforts and the superior healthfulness of the place. It was at this period that the Euclid road, then become Euclid street, began to take on the characteristics which have since made it celebrated throughout the country. The laud rose from the lake to within a short distance from the street, then fell as far as the line of the street and then rose gently to the southward. Somewhat singu- larly, both the ridge and the depression occupied by the street ran almost due east from the public square for two miles, and then with a small variation ran two miles farther to "Doau's Corners. The wealthy residents of the city early found that they could make extremely pleasant homes by taking ample ground on the ridge in question, and building their houses on its summit; leaving a space of from ten to twenty rods between tliem and the street. The fashion, once adopted by a few, was speedily followed by others, and a residence on Euclid street, with a front yard of from two to live acres, soon became one of the prominent objects of a Clevelander's ambition. Some fine residences were also built on the south side of the street, but not near as many as on the north side. The population of Cleveland had risen in 1850 to seventeen thousand and thirty-four; that of Ohio City to three thousand nine hundred and fifty. All this time Cleveland was pre-eminently a com- mercial city; its chief business being to receive produce from nortliern Ohio and ship it to the East, to trans- mit Eastern goods to the agricultural regions, and to send on to the West the immense number of emigrants and others who sought that land of promise. The building of the railroads mentioned in the general history, wiiich marked the era between 1850 and 1855, did not change the character of the business but greatly widened its oi)erations. An attempt was made in 1853 to make Cleveland the manufacturing place of a large amount of copper, 244 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. to be brought from Lake Superior, but it did not suc- ceed. Meanwhile it had become evident to a large ma- jority of the jteople of both cities that the interests of Cleveland and Ohio City required a union under one corporation. Negotiations were set on foot and con- cluded, and a formal agreement was made, in accord- ance with the law, between commissioners appointed by the common councils of the two cities. Those on the part of Cleveland were W. A. Otis, H. V. Will- son and F. T. Backus; those on the part of Ohio City were W. B. Castle, N. M. Standart and C. S. Rhodes. It was agreed that the four wards of Ohio City, (or rather the city of Ohio as it was called in all legal proceedings) should constitute the eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh wards of Cleveland; that the wards should never be changed so but that the west side should alwaj^s have as large a proportion of the num- ber of wards as it had of the population; that the property of each city should belong to the joint cor- ])oration, and that that corporation sliould be resiion- sible for the debts of both. The proposition to unite was submitted to the voters of the two cities on the first Monday of April, 1854. It received in Cleveland one thousand, eight hundred and ninety-two yeas and four hundred nays; in Ohio City, six hundred and eighteen yeas and two hundred and fifty-eight nays. The formal ordinance of union, in accordance with this vote, was passed by the coun- cil of Cleveland on the 5th of June, 1854, and by that of the " City of Ohio " on the following day. The prosperity of the united city was somewhat checked by another financial crisis in 1857, but the depression was slight indeed- compared with that which followed the crash of 1837. The iioi)ulation of the two cities a little more than doubled during the decade; that of the two cities having been twenty thousand, nine hundred and eighty-four in 1850, and that of the united city being forty-three thousand, eight hundred and thirty-eight. Of the part taken by Cleveland's gallant soldiers in the war for life, which burst upon the country in 1861, the story has been amply told in the chapters devoted to the general history of the county. The effect of the war on Cleveland was very greatly to develop its manufactures. The iron business and the oil busi- ness in particular sprang forward into immense pro- portions, and it has been said, with but little exagger- ation, that the war found Cleveland a commercial city and left it a manufacturing city. Not that it ceased to do a great deal of commercial business, but the predominant interest had become the manufac- turing ones. Accounts of some of the principal of these are given farther on. Meanwhile a large and thriving village had grown up between Willson avenue, which formed the eastern limit of the city, and the locality calhid in the old accounts *' Doan's Corners," Ijut which for twenty years had gone by the name of East Cleveland. This was the name of the township which had been formed from Cleveland and Euclid, and this was the appella- tion given to the village just mentioned. Cleveland was ready to absorb this extensive tract, and the tract was ready to be absorbed. The^commissioners on the part of the city were H. B. Payne, J. P. Robison and John Huntington; those on the part of the village John E. Hurlbut, John W. Heisley and William A. Neff. They agreed that East Cleveland should be- come the sixteenth and seventeenth wards of Cleve- land; and also that the high school of East Cleveland should be maintained according to the system in use, until changed by three-fourths of the common council of the city, with the consent of half of the members for the tract then annexed. The formal ordinance of union was passed by the council of Cleveland on the 24th of October, and by that of East Cleveland on the 29th of October, 1807. With the advantage of this addition the census of 1870 showed a population of ninety-two thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight. Another large tract, comprising parts of the town- ships of East Cleveland and Brooklyn, and extending entirely around the city, was annexed in 1872; the necessary ordinance being passed on the 19th of November in that year, and the subsequent jjroceed- ings being taken by the county commissioners. On the 16th of September, 1873, still another absorbing ordinance, also confirmed by the county commission- ers, was passed, by which the village of Newburg, once the rival of Cleveland, was sumnuirily annexed to it, and became the eighteenth ward of its former com- petitor. As there has been no census since that time it is impracticable to say how fur Cleveland has mounted by reason of its internal growth and these external ac- cessions. Enthusiastic citizens put its population considerably above a hundred and fifty thousand, but probably the census of next June will show that the number does not vary greatly from those figures. Of course, like all the rest of the country, it has suffered severely from the business depression of the five years succeeding 1873, but it is one of the very first cities in the country to catch the returning breezes of pros- perity, and its people may well look forward to a long career of commercial and manufacturing success. We have thus sketched an outline history of Cleve- land, from the laying out of its first streets in 1796, to the present time. We have dwelt at considerable length on the earlier history, regarding which this sketch forms the only record in our work, but have passed very cursorily over the later period, because many chapters immediately following these are de- voted to the separate institutions — churches, societies, schools, etc., of chat period. To those we now invite the attention of such of our readers as feel an interest in tiie details of local history. ^^i^.^^<^2^if0-cy PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 245 CHAPTER XLIX. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCHES.' Trinity SI. .lolins— Grace— St. I'lmls— St. James'— Christ Church— St. 3Iary's— tiracu (Eighteenth Ward)— All Saints' — St. Mark's— Memorial Church of the Good Shepherd— Emmanuel— St. Luke's. Trinity parish was organized on tlie Htli day of November, ISlti, at the residence of Phiueas Sliep- herd. The communicants were very few. Darius CU)oiier was chosen lay reader. There was then no EpiscoiJal clergyman, not even a missionary, in this l)art of the State. In March, 1817, llev. Koger Searle, a clergyman from Connecticut, visited Cleveland and reorganized tlie parish; there being thirteen families and eleven communicants. He repeated his visits and adminis- tered the sacraments annually during the three suc- ceeding years, but in the intermediate time the ser- vices were conducted by a lay reader. Part of the time at least they were held in Cleveland village. Tlie rite of confirmation was first administered by Bishop Chase, in September, 1818. In 1830 the par- isli was located in Brooklyn, where most of the effi- cient members resided, but about 1822 it was moved back to Cleveland. Up to 1825 services were occa- sionally held by Mr. Searle; in that year Rev. Silas C. Freeman was installed as rector, but served at the same time at Norwalk. On the 12th of February, 1828, the parish was legally incorporated; the following gentlemen being named as wardens and vestrymen: Josiah Barber, Phiueas Siiepiierd, Charles Taylor, James S. Clark, Sherlock J. Andrews, Levi Sargeant and John W. Allen. The same year Mr. Freeman went East and obtained a thousand dollars to aid in building a church edifice. A framed house of worship was accordingly begun in 1828, on the corner of Seneca and St. Clair streets, and completed the following year, the total cost being three thousand dollars. It was consecrated on the 12tii day of August, 1829, and was the first liousc devoted to the worshiii of (lod in tlie ])i'csent city of Cl( vi'laiid. In 1830, Rev. Mr. McElroy succeeded Mr. Freeman, being the first rector who gave his whole time to the parish, for which he received an annual salary of four hundred and fifty dollars. Thenceforward the par- ish continued to grow in strength and influence, keep- ing pace with tlie flourishing village and youthful city. In 18.i2 the church lot, which had been iioughtfor two dollars and a half per foot, was sold for two hun- dred and fifty dollars per foot, possession being agreed to be delivered by the first day of May, 1854. Tlie building was destroyed l)y fire, however, before that day arrived. In 1853 a large stone house of wor- ship was begun on Superior street, near Bond. The new edifice was nearly completed in 1854, bu- '^he churches are arranjced chronologically by denominations; each denomination taking place according to the time when its first church was formed, and the churches of each deno'nination being also ar- ranged according to the date of their organization. ing consecrated on Ascension Day, 1855. In 1872 it was thoroughly refitted and elegantly decorated. The extreme length of the edifice is one iiiindred and forty feet, and the width, including the buttresses, sixty-six feet. Tiie tower, which rises from one of tlie rear angles of the building, contains a cliime of nine bells. Passing to the interior the visitor finds a nave one hundred feet by fifty-two, connected with which by a lofty arch is a cliancel about twenty-five feet square. Both nave and chancel are richly ornamented in polychrome, and arc lighted with stained-glass windows. A valuable organ adds the charm of music to the fit attractions of the jilace. The guild- rooms, school-rooms and j)arsonage are on tlie same lot with the church edifice. The churcli is now in a highly flourishing condi- tion, and numbers about three hundred and fifty communicants. The Sunday school contains a hun- dred and eighty scholars. The Guild of the Holy Child and the Women's Guild are also elfective paro- chial agencies. St. Peter's, St. James', and Ascension Chapels, Trinity Church Home and tlie Children's Home are institutions connected with the parish. The following have been the rectors of Ti'inity since Mr. McElroy, with their years of service : Rev. W. N. Lyster, 1832; Rev. Soth Davis, 1833; (1834, va- cant); Rev. E. Boyden, 1835 to 1838; Rev. W. N. Lyster, 1838; Rev. David Burger, 183!); Rev. Richard Bury, 1840 to 184G; Rev. S. Windsor, 184U to 1853; Rev. James A. Bolles, D.D., 1854 to 1800; Rev. Thomas A. Starkey, D.D., 18U0 to 1870; Rev. Charles Breck, D.D., 1870 to 1873; Rev. W. E. McLaren, D.D., (now Bishop of Illinois,) 1873 to 1875; Rev. John W. Brown, D.I)., the present incumbent, in- stalled in February, 1870. Tlie following are the present officials : Rev. Jylui W. Brown, I). 1)., rector; Rev. James A. Bolles, D. I)., and Rev. W. T. Whitmarsh, assistant ministers; Charles Rauney and Herbert C. Foote, lay readers; Ansel Roberts, senior warden; Samuel L. Matlutr, junior warden and treasurer; Bolivar Butts, secretary; William J. Boardman, Rufus P. Spaulding, John Shelley, Bolivar Butts, Oliver H. Brooks, Orville 15. Skinner, Robert D. Lowe and John F. Whitelaw, vestrymen. .ST. .iohn's. St. John's Church, on the West Side, was organ- ized in 1834, but until 1830 public worship was held in Columbus Block, in school-houses and in the houses of members. In 1830 (Rev. Ssth Davis being the rector), the membership having reached a large num- ber, the commodious stone church now in use, at the corner of Church ami Wall streets, was erecied at an original cost of seventeen thousand dollars. For two years tlio congregation worshi|)ped in the basement; then, under the rectorsliip of Rev. S. R. Ci'anc, theandience-room was completed and furnislied with seats, the rector himself advancing the funds. The prosperity was shown by a confirinatiou class of seventy the first year. In 183'.l Rev. 1). W. Tolfoid 346 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. followed Mr. Crane, and after a pastorate of three years was himself followed by Eev. William Burton, who supplied another three years of work. About 1848 he was succeeded by his brother. Rev. Lewis Burton, D.D. April 3, 1866, came a serious calamity in the par- tial destruction of the church edifice by fire. This necessitated an additional expense of about twenty- five thousand dollars in rebuilding and improvements. In 1871, after Rev. Dr. Burton's rectorship liad continued nearly a cpiarter of a centui'y, his place was filled by the present rector. Rev. J. Crockar White, D.D. In 1875 the Sunday school had increased so much as to outgrow its former (jnarters, and a beau- tiful chapel was built at a cost of about seven thou- sand dollars. The Sunday school now numbers, with its branch at West Cleveland, fifty teachers and three hundred scholars, and is doing excellent work; among other things supporting, at Kenyon College, Gambier, a Japanese candinate for missionary work, at a cost_ of four hundred dollar per year. The church membership is now, (August, 187U,) about two hundred and seventy. The wardens are Cf. L. Cliapman and C. L. Russell, and the vestrymen Thomas Axworthy, G. L. Cliapman, J. M. Ferris, M. A. Hanna, F. W. l\lton, E. Sims, A. L. Withingtou (treasurer), and lloward M. Ingham (clerk). GKACE ('UURCU. The jiarish of Grace Church was organized .July It, 1S45, at the residence of its rector. Rev. Richard Bury, by former members of Trinity Church. The object of the organization was to jirovide aJditional church accommodation. A lot was purchased at a cost of nine hundred dollars, on the corner of Erie and Huron streets (then the eastern limits of the city), on which a substantial brick building, forty by a hundred feet, was erected. This building cost about ten thousand dollars. Subsequently a chai)el was built and a chancel added, (the latter as a memorial.) Tliesc were erected under the supervision of a former rector. Rev. Lawson Carter, who paid the larger por- tion of the expense. The exact cost is not known, but may be estimated at fifteen thousand dollars. The style is gothic, and the interior, iucluding seats, chancel furniture and fixtures, are of solid oak. It contains eight memorial windows, some of which are of superior c.Ncellence in artistic design and col- oring. The names of the first vestrymen were A. A. Treat and E. F. Punderson, wardens; H. A. Ackley, Moses Kelley, J. F. Jenkins, S. Englehart, William Rich- ards, John Powell, Thomas Bolton and (ieorge F. Marshall, vestrymen. The several rectors, with their times of service, liave been as follows: Rev. Alexander Varian, from May 25, 1846, to October 1, 1849. Rev. Timothy Jarvis Carter, December 20, 1849, to November 15, 1853, when he died. His remains and those of his wife are interred beneath the chancel. Rev. James Cole Tracy succeeded and remained only five months. Rev. Lawson Carter, from July 10, 1852, to July 10, 18C0. Revs. Gideon B. Perry, William A. Rich andWil- liam Allen Fisk were successively assistants under Mr. Carter — the latter succeeding to the rectorship. Rev. Alvah H. Washburn, from Api'il 1, 186G, to Decem- ber, 1877, when he died. Rev. G. G. Carter was soon after elected rector, but declined to accept. He how- ever continued the services until November 1, 1877, when Rev. George W. Hinckle, the present rector, assumed the charge. The money to build'Grace Church was subscribed and donated on condition that the seats should re- main forever free. This is supposed to have been the second church (St. Peter's at Ashtabula being the first) in this country to return to the jJi'imitive cus- toms of free seats and weekly communion. It has always been noted for its rigid adherence to the rubrics and teachings of the Prayer Book, and its freedom from sensational and doubtful expedients for main- taining the service; and is a noticeable fact, that the practices and teaching which were at first strongly objected to have since been generally adopted. The founders and supporters of this parish have always made special and unremitted efforts to furnish ac- commodations and services to a class of persons who for various reasons feel unwilling to attend other churches. ST. I'AUl/S. St. Paul's Church was organized October 26, 1846; at which time forty-live persons associated themselves as the ''Parish of St. Paul's Church in the City of Cleveland." At a meeting held November 6, 1846, the following named persons were elected wardens and vestrymen, to serve until Easter Monday, 1847: D. W. Duty, Aaron Clark, wardens; James Kellogg, U. L. Noble, Moses Kelly, W. J. Warner, T. W. Morse, 0. A. Brooks, Oliver Arey and Edward Shepard, vestrymen. On the same day the vestry extended a call to the Rev. Gideon B. Perry, D.D., to become rector of the church. Dr. Perry accepted the call, and com- menced services on the first Sunday in December, 1846. These services were celebrated in an upjier room of a building located on Suiierior street, near Seneca, at which place the public worship of the church was regularly held until January, 1851. In March, .1848, a lot of ground on the corner of Sheriff street and Euclid avenue was purchased for two thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars, for the erection of a church edifice, "to be built of wood, at a cost not to exceed five thousand dollars." This building when nearly finished, was destroyed by fire on the 3d of August, 1849. The next day the vestry met, and resolved to " build another church of brick and stone on the same lot." A brick edifice was built at a cost of seventeen thousand one hundred and twenty- eight dollars, not including spire or bell, which were ( / 6^^^1^-n^Y^-^ PROTESTANT EPISOOrAL CnURCnES. 247 added several years later. This chui'cli was opened for divine service in January, 1851, tlie first sermon lieinj; preached in it by Kev. Dr. Pcrr}'. In order to lirins tlie parisli into exact conformity witli tlien ex- ist ins; statute laws, it was re-organized in Januar}^ 1S.")'2, at which time tiiree trustees were clioseu, in wliom and their successors was vested the title to tlio church property. On the littli day of October, tlio Rev. Dr. Perry resigned tlie rectorsliii) of the ]iarish. On the .31st of Noveml)cr, 1852, Rev. R. B. Claxton, ii.i)., was called. He began work March 7, 1853, and continued nearly seven years. Under his admin- istration the church debt was lirpiidated, and the cliurch consecrated by the Rt. Rev. Bisliop Mcllvaino, Ai)rii 14, 1858. Dr. Claxton resigned November 4, 1850. The Rev. Wilbur F. Paddock was next called as rector iu February, 1800. During his rectorship a lot of ground was secured adjoining the church, upon wiiicii a cluipel was built, at the cost of six thousand five hundred dollars. Dr. Paddock resigned iu April, 1803. In July. 1803, Rev. J. H. Rylance was called to the parish. He resigned March 18, 1807. Rev. Dr. Rylance was succeeded, November 15, 1807, by Rev. Frederick Brooks, who assumed the duties of rector. During his service the wardens and vestrymen of the cliurch were elected and constituted trustees and clerk of the parish of St. Paul's church of Cleveland, in accordance with the laws of the State of Ohio. In 1874 the cliurch property was sold for one hun- dred and fifteen thousand dollars, and the services were lield iu a rented building ou Prospect street, until the completion of the chapel on the corner of Euclid and Case avenues. Mr. Brooks' rectorship ended in his accidental death, September 15, 1874. Ilis place was supplied for several months thereafter by Rev. W. C. French, !).!)., and Rev. C. M. Sturgis. On May 10, 1875, Rev. C. Maurice Wines was called. On July 2d, of tliis year, the corner stone of the new edifice was laid by the Rt. Rev. T. A. Jaggar, D.D., Bishop of Southern Ohio, assisted by the rector and other clergy. Rev. Mr. Wines resigned May 1, 1870, and was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Nelson Samerville Rulison, who assumed the duties of rector November 10, 1870, and still performs them. Ou December 24, 1870, the new church edifice was opened for public worship; the entire cost of construction and appurtenances being nearly one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. The register from October 20, 1840, to Easter, 1877, shows eight hundred and fifty-eight baptisms; five luiudred and twenty-three confirmations; two hundred and seventy-nine marriages, and four hundred and fifteen burials. The present Church officers are: Rev. Nelson Somerville Rulison, rector; Rev. W. C. French, D.D., assistant minister; C. J. Comstock, senior warden; J. II. Devercux, junior warden; ViC- nas King, A. C. Armstrong, P. W. Hubby, II. C. Rauney, George A. Tisdale, J. M. Adams, E. S. Page, C. E. Stanley, vestiTmcn; C. E. Stanley, clerk and treasurer. .ST. .tames". St. .James' Church stands on a large lot at tlie cor- ner of Superior and Alabama streets; adjoining it and on the same lot is a very commodious rectory. The church edifice, a brick structure, is tiiirty-one feet in width and sixty-five feet in lengtii, exclusive of the robing room. The establishment of St. .James' parisli was mainly the result of the labors of Rev. R. Bury, wiio, in coii- sequeuce of advanced age, resigned the rectorship in 1871. Under the charge of Rev. W. E. Toll, suc- cessor of Mr. Bury, the church was largely increased in membership. In July, 1874, Rev. J. J. A. Morgan acce]ited a call to the pastorate, which position he retained until Easter Sunday, 1870. Since this time the vestry has connected the church with Trinity Parish by calling its rector. Rev. J. W. Brown, D.D., to the rectorsliipof St. James'. Rev. W.T.WJiitmarsh, assistant rector of Trinity, has been placed in charge of the parish. W. B. Lane is treasurer, and M. Green clerk, of St. James' Church. CHRIST CHURCH (GERMAN). Christ Protestant Episcopal Church was organized in 1868, as a mission of St. Paul's, with Rev. J. W. C. Duerr, minister in charge. Services were held in an upper room of the old "Knitting Mill" on Pitts- burg street until the following autumn, when by per- mission the society used St. Luke's Church. In December, 1800, the mission was changed and regu- larly incorporated as Christ Church aud admitted into convention of the diocese. By contribution, ou the part of the other Protestant Episcopal churches and individual donations a house of worship was built at a total cost of twelve thousand dollars, on Orange street, corner Belmont, and consecrated No- vember 10, 1871, by Bishop Bedell. The present number of communicants is about two iiundred. The officers of the church are: J. W. C. Duerr, rector; Wm. Hilscher, Conrad Schmitt, wardens; John Stuber, Casher PfetTer, Wm. Becker, Adolphus Kaske, William aud Augustus Orschekowski, vestr}'- men. ORACE CHIIICH (EKIHTEENTH WAKD). Grace Church was organized in 1800, under the ministerial charge of Rev. Frederick Brooks, rector of St. Paul's. The early services were held in tlic old Presiiyterian Church building, whicli was subse- quently purcliased by the society of Grace Church, and moved to its present location on the corner of Ilarrard and Sawj'cr streets. Rev. Royal B. Balcom was the second pastor, conducting the service in con- nection witii ilis regular duties as rector of St. Mary's Ciiurcli, and as sucii continued to the summer of 1871. At this time Rev. Steplien W. Garrett became 248 TTIE CaTY OF CLEVELAND. the rector of Grace Church, remaining nntil the fall of 1874, when he was succeeded by Rev. Maniiadnke M. Dillon. In the latter part of 1878 Rev. Mr. Dil- lon resigned his cliarge, and the parish of Grace Church then became a mission; being now under the care of Rev. Mr. Pittenger. ST. Mary's. In 1863 Mr. S. N. Sanford, having associated witii him Mr. Levi Buttles, purchased the "Cleveland Fe- male Seminary" and made of it a "Church School for Girls." From that date, and in consequence of Mr. Sanford's acting as licensed lay reader for the school, the desire grew to have a regular and per- manent parochial organization, either in connection with the school, or in its immediate vicinity. In 18(!8 this desire took shape. The rapid increase of jiopu- lation in that section of the city necessitated action, and therefore at a meeting held on the 25th day of May, in that year, articles of association were signed and the following wardens and vestrymen were elected : S. N. Sanford, senior warden; Levi Buttles, junior warden; Walter BIythe, Lorenzo R. Chapman, H. C. Doming, J. W. Fawcett and F. \V. Mason, vestrymen. Efforts were at once made to secure the services of a resident rector. The Rev. W. C. French, rector of Christ Church, Oberlin, had acted for several years as chaplain of the seminary. His services were free to all who chose to attend, whether connected with the school or not. Many persons were baptized and confirmed. It was found impossible to secure a set- tled pastor at once, and therefore regular services on Sundays and week days were maintained, partly by the assistance of Rev. VVm. P. B. Jackson, and partly by lay-reading. On Easter Monday, 1809, at the first regular annual parish meetiug, a vestry was chosen for the year com- posed as before, with the exception that F. W. Mason's place was filled by James Withycombe. On the 2d of June, the same year, the parish was admitted into union with the Convention of the Diocese of Ohio, at its session, in All Saints', Portsmouth. On the 5th day of September, 1860, the Rev. Royal B. Baleom was called to the rectorship, accepted tiie same and entered upon his duties the 26th day of the same month, having also temporary charge of a mis- sionary work of the church at Newburg. The corner stone of the church building was laid by Bishop Bedell on the 39th of September of this same year. The edifice was opened for Divine worship March 20, 1870, and the church has gone on ever since in its work, both temporal and spiritual, proving a blessing to the neighborhood. Yearly additions have been made to the roll of communicants, and consid- erably over two hundred have been made members of Christ's Church in holy baptism. In 1872 a very fine organ was placed in the church as a memorial. 'i'heRcv. Mr. Baleom resigned in 1872 and the Rev. J. J. A. Morgan succeeded to the work. He remained rector for eighteen months and was followed by the Rev. Frank M. Hall who, in turn, was succeeded by the Rev. J. Sydney Kent, the present rector. The Sunday school has a sujierinfendent, seventeen teachers and one hundred and eighty scholars. St. Mary's Guild has a president, vice president, secretary and treasurer, with about forty memliers. The organization of the Guild was made in July, 1879, and the entire lay-work of the parish will be carried on uuder its name and rules. ALL saints'. All Saints' Church is situated on the south side of Vega avenue, a few doors east of Columbus street. Beginning with the summer of 1855, services were iield in that neighborhood by several of the clergy of Cleveland, but especially by the Rev. Lewis Burton, D. D., rector of St. John's Church. In 1808, on the first Sunday in April, the North Brooklyn Union Sunday School by reorganization became Episcopal, and connected itself as a mission school with St. .John's Church. In this same year the first subscrip- tion was made for the purpose of building a church. During the winterof 1809-70 semi-monthly cottage lectures and Sunday services were held by Dr. Burton at the residence of Mr. James Craig, in the school- house at the corner of Wade avenue and Mill street, and in the Hights' Congregational Church. So much interest was awakened by the labors of Dr. Burton, that on the 5th of May, 1870, he was able to lay the corner-stone of the present church building. On the 31st of July, in the same year, the building was ojjened with appropriate services, under the name of All Saints' Chapel. From August 1st regular servi- ces were held in it by the rector of St. John's. Dr. Burton, and his assistant, Rev. William Lucas. In June and July of 1871 the society, which had been a mission of St. John's Church, was duly or- ganized into a parish and legally incorporated, forty- four persons signing the articles of association. At that time the following vestry was elected: A. James, senior warden; John Gi'eening, junior warden and treasurer; James Craig, I. H. Amos, J. J. Boote, E. Gilchrist, C. E. Loper, Harry James, and R. M. Thompson, secretary. On August 1st of this year the Rev. Lewis Burton, D.D., began the joint rec- torship of All Saints' and St. Mark's Churches; giving one service to each every Sunday. Lay read- ers under his direction performed a second service each Sunday. On the 14th of May, 1874, (Ascension Day,) the church being free from debt, it was consecrated by the Bishop of the diocese, the Rt. Rev. G. T. Bedell, D.D. This year the parish became self-supporting. On the 7th of June, 1875, Rev. Dr. Burton resigned the rectorship of All Saints' Church. About Septem- ber 1st, 1875, Rev. John Henry Burton began his labors as rector of the parish. On 15th of October, 1876, a lai'ge frame building which had been erected in the rear of the church, chiefiy for Sunday school purposes, was opened with appropriate exercises. PHOTESTANT EPISCOrAL CHURCHES. 249 In April, 1877, Rev. J. H. Burton resigned, and Rpv. Lewis Rnrton, D.D., hy rpf|iiest, resumed the rcotorsliip of All Saints'. On llic IStli of August of tliis year Rev. Lewi.s William Burton, son of Rev. Dr. Burton, was called to be assistant minister of the cliurch, and began his labors as such September 1st. On the 12th of June, 1878, Rev. Lewis Burton, D.D., resigned, and Rev. Lewis William Burton was called, accepting June 21st. Tn his report to tlie convention of the diocese, May 1, 1878, the rector re|)ortedone hundred and fourteen communicants, and two hundred and four scliolars and twenty-four teachers in the Sunday school. In connection with the church, are the Parish Aid So- ciety, the Brooks' Association, the Mutual Improve- ment Club, and tiie Burton Cadets, the latter named after the founder of the parisii. Rev. Dr. Burton. The present officials of the church are Rev. Lewis William Burton, rector; I. XL Amos, lay reader; John Oreening, senior warden and treasurer; James Craig, junior warden; I. II. Amos, secretary; J. W. Pearce, assistant secretary; T. J. List, Robert Curtis, C. E. Loper, James Boyd, A.sa Foote and Ralph James, vestrymen. ST. jiahk's. St. Mark'.s cliurch, a small, neat wooden structure, stands upon the rear end of an eligible lot on Frank- lin street, having a frontage of sixty-six feet, iiud a South rresliytcriaii— The Seeoml— Tho North Prosby terian - .Memorial C'hurch— Woodlamt Avenue t'hurch— Euclid Street Church. THE FIKST PRESBYTERIAN. Tins church was formed on the 10th day of Scp- t-cnil)cr, 1820, iu the old log court hou.se, tlieu stand- ing on the northwest corner of the public square. Kcv. Randolph Stone was the first minister. The number of members at that tjnie was fourteen. The services were conducted in that building for the ne.vt two years, until the brick academy was built on St. Clair street, the present site of the Firemen's headquarters. The second floor was arranged for a place of worship for this society, and occupied l>y it until 1820. It then removed to the third story of a brick build- ing standing on Superior street, on the site of the American House, and there remained until the base- ment of the first stone church was completed. Rev. William McLean succeeded Mr. Stone as a supply in January, 1823, and preached through that year one third of the time. In September following, Rev. S. 0. Bradstreet was engaged to preach, and continued his services until January 31, 1830. From that time until July, 1831, the pulpit was vacant, except for a few months, when it was sujjplied by Rev. John Ses- sions. Rev. Samuel Ilutchius took charge of the congregation July 31, 1831, and remained with them until 1833. He was succeeded by Rev. John Keep who remained to preach here till Ajiril 36, 1835. Thus, for a period of fifteen years this congregation was without a pastor, and depended for its public e.xercises entirely upon "stated supplies." Since that time down to the present date, it has had regularly settled pastors without any intermission. In the winter of 18:55, Rev. S. C. Aiken, D.D., was called as first pastor of this church. He ac- cepted the call, and was installed on the 3-l:th of November of the same j'ear. Dr. Aiken's active pastorate continued until March, 18G1, since which time he has been pastor-emeritus. On August 13, 1858, Rev. William H. Goodrich, D.D., was installed as associate pastor. He continued to perform the duties of associate and sole jiastor until the year 1872, when failing health compelled his resignation. On tlie retirement of .Mr. Goodrich the present pastor. Rev. H. G. Haydn, D.D., was installed associate pastor, and as such associate and subse(|uently sole pjistor, has continued to the present time. On the 5th of January, 1837, the congregation was regularly incorporated, twenty-eight persons con.sti- tuting the " First Presbyterian Society of Cleveland,' and the first annual meeting was held on the first Monday of April of that year, when Samuel Cowles was chosen president, D. H. Bcardsley, secretary, and P. M. Wedsiastical life of the North Presbyterian Church began, while it was still financially dependent ujion the Pi-esbvterian Church Uiiiiin of ( 'leveland. 258 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. At its organization there were fifty-one members. James Gukie and George Lewellyn were elected elders, and W. W. Worswick, deacon. The articles of faith of the First Fresl)yterian Church were adopted as those of this one. Rev. Anson Smytli, D.D., immediately undertook the supply of this young church, and January 5, 1871, lie received a call to be its pastor. He held the call, and continued his charge as pastor elect for one year, when he refused the call and preached his last discourse as supply December 31, 1871. A few months of candidates followed. In May, 1872, Rev. II. R. Hoisington began his labors in the church as pastor elect, and was installed June 2d of the same year; he is yet its pastor. Its Sabbath school has been the great work of this Christian enterprise. During the superintendency of Mr. T. D. Crocker the school reached an enrollment of one thousand. Its present enrollment is five hun- dred. The present superintendent is Mr. L. J. Tal- bot. The Young Ladies' Society of the First Presby- terian Church defray the expenses of the Sabbath school. The officers of the church at present are Rev. II. R. Hoisington, pastor; W. W. Worswick, G. S. Egts, J. L. Young, George Lewellyn, elders; J. P. Dutton and J. B. Egts, deacons; J. P. Dutton, J. B. Egts, J. N. Goulding, W. C. B. Richardson, trustees. MEMORIAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The project of a new Presbyterian church in the city of Cleveland, to be located in the vicinity of Case avenue, had its origin among the members of the Eu- clid street Presbyterian church, under the pastorate of the late Dr. 0. A. Lyman. Early in 18G8 a sub- scription was opened among members of that church, payable to Truman Hastings, R. R. Hatch and George L. Ingersoll, in trust for the purchase or lease of a suitable lot and the erection of a chapel. With the fund raised, nearly two thousand dollars, a lot was bought on the corner of Sibley street and Case avenue, and a wood chapel erected thereon, and occupied as a Sunday school late in that year. Services were held there until a permanent organization was effected, conducted by Rev. James A. Slcinner. On the first Sabbath of September, 1870, a meet- ing of the congregation was called at the close of the morning service, when a committee was ap- pointed and authorized to request the presbytery of Cleveland to appoint a commission to make the ne- cessary investigations, and if j^racticable to organize a Presbyterian church in this place, on the first Sab- bath of October following. Upon the application of tliat committee, the presbytery appointed the Rev. 0. A. Lyman, Rev. James Eells, Rev. E. B. RafEensper- ger and Elder George Mygatt a commission for that purfiose. On the second day of October, 1870, the commis- sion met in the Case avenue chapel, and in the pres- ence of a large congregation proceeded to organize. in due form, the Memorial Presbyterian church of Cleveland, Ohio. Rev. Mr. Skinner continued to lal:)or in couueetion with this cliurch until December, 1873. On tlic 33d of December, 1873, the cluirch issued its first pastoral call, sending the same to the Rev. Francis A. Horton, then uastor of the first Reformed (Dutcli) churcli, of Catskill, New York. He began Iiis lal)ors in tliis church on the second Sabliath of Fel)ruary, 1874, and was installed March 22d following. The church has a membership of two hundi'cd and thirty-nine, with the following officers: Rev. Francis A. Horton, pastor; W. H. Van Tine, John C. Grant, John C. Preston. Donly Hobart, Alfred Adams, Tru- man Hastings, elders; Henry T. Collins, deacon; Mrs. Julia L. Ozanne, Mrs. Mary W. Hastings, Mrs. Emily A. Horton, deaconesses; Walter R. Austin, auditor; Truman Hastings, clerk. THE WOODLAND AVENUE CHURCH. This society was organized in its chapel parlor, on the 18th of April, 1873, nearly one-half of the origi- nal members coming from the Second Presbyterian church. Its first officers were as follows: Elders, Solon L. Severance, Ira Lewis, Marcus W. Montgom- ery and Henry M. James; deacons, John J. Davis and William W. Robinson. Its first pastor was Rev. Edward P. Gardner, who was with the churcli from the time of its organization till April, 1876. After an interval of a year and a half he was succeeded by the present incumbent. Rev. S. L. Blake. Thechurcu was organized with fifty-four members. At the close of the first year there were 175; second, 330; tiiird, 351; fourth, 360; fifth, 360; sixth, 310. The pres- ent membership is about 325. The Sunday school, under the superintendence of E. P. Hunt, has beeu one of the most prominent fea- tures of the church work and is the largest in the city. In April 1873 its membership was 398; in 1874, 484; in 1875, 558; in 1876, 884; in 1877, 955, and in April last 1058. The chapel was built before the church was formed, and was dedicated in May, 1872. It is of brick, two stories in hight, having parlors below and an audi- ence room above with a capacity for seating about four hundred. During tiie last year the society erected the new church edifice, a substantial brick struc- ture, with a seating capacity for about one thousand two hundred persons, and containing one of the best audience-rooms in the State. The present property of the church is free from encumbrance and is worth about fifty thousand dollars. The church is admirably located, on the corner of Woodland avenue and Kennard street. The present officers are as follows: Pastor, Rev. S. L. Blake, in- stalled December 12, 1877; elders, Solon L. Severance, William Taylor, John A. Seaton, Henry M. James, Albert H. Massey and John Buchan; deacons, J. Cole- man Gates, Albert P. Massey, Darwiu E. Wright, George W. Crossett, Charles II. Strong and Abraham H. Shunk. THE BAPTIST CHURCHES. 259 CHAPTER LI I. THE BAPTIST AND DISCIPIjE CHURCHES. Firet Haptist - Sooijlid Baptist— Third Baptist— Suiicrior Street Baptists TaljiTiiaile Baptist— Sliiloli Baptist — First German Baptist^ Welsli Baptist -Scranton Avenue Free Baptist — Trinity Baptist — Garden Street Baptist Mission— Eighteenth Ward Disciple — Franklin Street I)isciple — Euclid Avenue Disciple — Disciple Mission. FIRST BAPTIST CIirRCH. The First Baptist Church of Clevehind was organ- i/.t'd Felji'uary 1(5, 1833, under the pastoral care of Rev. Richmond Taggart. The sermon on the occa- .sioii wa.s delivered by Rev. Moses Wares, of Colum- bia. The pastor e.xtended the right hand of fellow- .siiip, and Rev. T. B. Stephenson, of Euclid, delivered I he ciiarge to the church. The society came into the ftilnwship of the Rocky River Baj)tist; Association September "28, 1833. Church meetings were cou- vuiicd in the old academy on St. Clair street and the iild red court-liouse, until the I'emoval to their own new house of worship on the corner of Seneca and Ciianiplain streets. The foundation of this edifice, a brick structure, was laid in 183J:, being dedicated on the 'ibth of February, 1830. The building cost thir- teen thousand dollars, and was considered at its eunipletion decidedly in advance of most houses of Worship in the West. Ill .June, 1830, Rev. Levi Tucker succeeded Rev. .Mr. Taggart, and, during his i)astorate, which ended Niiveinber 18, 1842, there was added to the church liy baptism two hundred and twenty nine, and by letter two hundretl and four, members. Thencefor- ward the church continued to grow strong and useful, and from its fold have gone forth colonies which are now iutluential and self-sustaining churches. In 1855 the society purchased of the Plymouth Congregational Church their new brick building, corner of Euclid and Erie streets, where services were first held April 8, 1855. Rev. S. W. Adams, liaving been pastor of the church since 1846, con- liiiiied in the pastorate until removed by death, Seji- teiiiljer •,>:, 1804. Siibsei|uently, and during the pastorate of IJev. A. II. Strong, extensive improvements were made on I he building and a fine steeple erected on the old Lower. The ba.sement is well adapted and arranged for Sunday school and meeting purposes. The Sunday school, begun February 10, 1833, Avith forty scholars, now numbers three hundred and si.xty. There is also connected with the church a flourishing mission and Sunday .school, of one hundred and forty schol- ars, held at Idaka Chapel, corner of Prospect and Ken- iiard streets. The present membership of the church is live hundred and fourteen. The following have been the j)astors, with their years of .service: Rev. Richmond Taggart, 1833; Rev. ".Iinlah L. Richmond, 1834; Rev. E. F. Willey and l!ev. Mr. Crane, 1835, as supplies; Rev. Levi Tucker, April, 1830, to November, 1842; Rev. J. 11. Walden, April, 1843, to June, 1840; Rev. S. W. Adams, D.D., October, 1840, to September, 1804; Rev. Augustus H. Strong, D.D., September, 1805, to May, 1872; Rev. A. J. F. Behrends, D.D., July, 1873, to Fehru- ary, 1876; Rev. Geo. W. Gardner, D.D., October, 1870, to July, 1878; and the i^resent incumbent, Rev. Philip S. Moxom, December 9, 1878. The following are the present officials: Rev. Philip S. Mo.Nom, pastor; Moses White, William T. Smith, Charles G. King, Benj. F. Rouse, R. P. Myers, J. Wm. Taylor and James Rabon, deacons; C. A. Crumb, C. H. Seymour, J. P. Stanard, A. N. Mead and W. H. Harris, trustees; G. A. Hyde, treasurer; Geo. B. Christian, church clerk. SECOXI) BAPTIST CUUUCU. In the year 1851, at meetings held August 14th and 18th, a formal re(juest was made to the First Bajttist Church by several of its members, asking that they be dismissed from that body for the purj)ose of organ- izing a new society, to be known as the "Erie Street Baptist Church." The request was granted, and on the 3d day of September of the same year the new society was organized as a corporate body; electing as its first board of trustees. Ransom Green, president, V. A. Payne, H. Ranney, A. J. Farrer, Peter Alibey and Daniel Himebaugh, trustees; B. F. Rouse, clerk; Ezra Thomas, treasurer. The number of constituent members was forty-three. J. Hyatt Smith accepted a call as first pastor October 5, 1851. In 1860, as for several years before, the church was burdened with an indebtedness that it could not pay, and it was decided to sell the edifice and lot. They were accordingly sold to Deacon A. A. Stoddard, for his claim of two thousand, one hundred and sixty dol- lars; he agreeing to assume all other liabilities. He then leased the ]»roperty to the society for a term of three years, with the privilege of redeeming the same on paying the prior encumbrances. In due time the church debt was paid, and the society again became the owner of the property. On April 30, 1807, the building and land were sold to the society of the (ierman P^vangelical Protestant Church, and land was i)urchased on Euclid avenue, corner of Huntington street, for the erection of a new church edifice. The new place of worship was com- pleted and dedicated March 5, 1871, under the name of the "Second Baptist Church of Cleveland." The following is the succession of pastors: Rev. J. Hyatt Smith, from October 5, 1851, to March 28, 1855; Rev. Alfred Pinney, October 21, 1855, to July 31, 1850; Rev. D. S. Watson, April 1, 1857, to June 3, 1800; Rev. S. B. Page, January 3, 1861, to May 2, 1800; Rev. Samuel W. Duncan, called as supply for six months, April 18, 1867, ordained as pastor, and continued until his resignation March 10, 1875. He was succeeded in tjie May following by Rev. G. 0. King. In 1877 Rev. Mr. King was followed by Rev. (ieo. Tiios. Dowling, the present pastor. The present church members'iiip is about three hundred and forty. Tlie following are the organizations within the church: The Ladies' Social Society, organized March 260 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. 30, 1860; Women's Missionary Circle, organized in 1873; the Sabbath School, with about three liundred and fifty members; Judson Missionary Society, organ- ized in May, 1871. THIRD BAPTIST CIIUUUII. (Jn the lltli of December, 185"^, tlie Third Baptist Church was organized under the name of the First Bap- tist Church of Ohio City — as the West Side was then called. The name of the church was changed on the union of the two cities in 1854. The organization meeting was held in the Disciples' Church, Frank- lin street, being presided over by Loren Prentiss. C. A. Crumb was chosen clerk. Eight men and twelve women covenanted together, to form this church. The society became legally incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio, September 30, 1853, when the following officers were elected: Rev. N. S. Bnrton, D.D., chairman; William Tompkins, treasurer; C. A. Crumb, clerk; John McClelland, Wil- liam Tompkins, John Uoneywell, Kichard Phillips, C. A. Crumb, trustees. On August 18, 1853, the church having adopted the New Hampshire confession of faith, was recog- nized as a regularly constituted Baptist church by a council called for that purpose. For a few weeks after its organization the members met for worship in the Disciples' church, and also a few times in the building owned by the United Brethren Society. Whitman Hall was used for Sunday services from Jan- iiaiy 23, 1853, until June, 1856. Ground was broken for the present commodious house of worship August 38, 1855. The corner stone of the new building was laid September 24, 1855. In June, 1856, the church occupied the basement of the new structure, and continued there until 1866, when the auditorium was comjileted. The building stands on the northeast corner of Clinton and State streets, and is two stories high. The lower story, which is entirely above ground, is divided into Sabbath school, bible and infant-class rooms. Tiie auditorium and choir gallery are located in the ujjper story. The former will seat about five hundred persons. The seats, wainscoting and plat- form are made of butternut, trimmed with black walnut. The room is frescoed and lighted by stained glass windows. A tall and shapely spire surmounts the front entrance. 'J'he church now numbers two hundred and forty members, and sujjports two Sabbath schools. One of them, numbering one hundred and fifty, is in the church building (.John E. Spencer, superintendent); the other called the Dare Street Mission, numbers two hundred (J. H. Lapham, superintendent). The Dare street mission, at the corner of Bridge and Dare streets, was opened January 1, 1871, and has since been main- tained as a mission by the church. The school meets in a chapel which was erected by the church and ded- icated January 1, 1871. The present officers of the society are the following ; Rev. J. H. Scott, piistor; John E. Spencer, clerk; F. B. Drake, treasurer; George Norris, S. B. Wiggins, Mark Harrison, John E. Spencer, J. H. Lapham, trustees. The names and terms of service of the pastors of this church are as follow:-: Rev. N. S. Burton, D.D., April 25, 1853, to April 23, 1854; Rev. S. B. Page, D.D., May 1, 1854, to May 18, 1859; Rev. George W. Gates, May, 1859, to December 31, 1859; Rev. Wil- liam Cormac, October 7, 1860, to October 4, 1863; Rev. A. Darrow, January 13, 1864, to January 8, 1868; Rev. M. E. Hayne, June 28, 1868, to April 1, 1870; Rev. W. F. Barten, June 5, 1870, to March 25, 1874; Rev. J. H. Scott, September 2, 1874; present pastor. SUI'EKIOU STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. This society grew out of what was known as the "Cottage Baptist Mission" Sunday School. The school was organized by the Cleveland Baptist Union May 30, 1852, with Benjamin Rouse, superintendent, and twenty-throe teachers and thirty-four scholars. The school building was a cottage, arranged for tlie purpose, and located on St. Clair street, near Dodge. The school increased until January 30, 1859, when a new chapel was erected and dedicated. From this time services were held there until September, 1869, when the chapel building was removed to the corner of Superior and Minnesota streets, and Rev. E. A. Taft employed as minister by the Baptist Union. During this year a baptistry was put into the chapel, and sixty-three persons united with tlie First Baj)tist church. A church was organized September 15, 1870, called the " Cottage Baptist Church," with one hun- dred and six members; Rev. Edwin A. Taft being the pastor. Mr. Taft continued with the church after its organization about three years, to August 23, 1873. During these years there were one hundred and six additions. On October 1, 1873, the present pas- tor. Rev. Gilbert H. Frederick, began his ministry, with the church. During the six years since, there have been about one hundred and eighty additions. The present number of members is near two hundred and forty. The name of the society was changed from "Cot- tage Baptist" to Superior Street Bajjtist church in May, 1878. The societies organized for church work are the "Ladies' Benevolent Society," the "Young Peoples' Society " and the " Band of Little Workers." Tiiere is a home Sabbath school of two hundred and fifty members, and a mission school known as Payne Avenue Mission. The officers are as follows: Rev. Gilbert H. Fred- erick, pastor; H. S. Julier, John Coulton and John Stephens, deacons; H. S. Julier, treasurer; John Coulton, clerk. TABERNACLE BAPTIST CHURCH. The organization and establishment of this church resulted from the work known as the Scovill Avenue Baptist Mission, which was established in the year THE BAPTIST CIIUUCIIES. 2G1 1858, under the joint efforts of the pastors and mem- bers of tlie First and Second Baptist churches, and so continued until about 18G5. After that year it was conducted as a mission of the Second Baptist cluirch ak)ne until December, 1867, wlien the prelim- inary steps were taken for the organization of the Tal)ernacle Baptist church. Rev. T. L. Rogers was invited to assist in this organization, and became the first pastor. The first officers were John Alexander, Oscar Townsend, Wm. T. Seller, Isaac Beare and Richard Chandler, trustees; John Abbott, clerk; Os- car Townsend, treasurer; Isaac Beare, William Mernr, Jolin Bennitt and A. II. Pratt, deacons. The church at its organization had seventy members, of whom tliirty-four remain. The j)roperty on the corner of Scovill and Sterling avenues, which had been previ- ously occupied as a mission, was purchased at a cost of two thousand five hundred dollars, and occupied until February, 1879. The church has now a membership of over two hundred, and a Sabbath school with an average at- tendance of about three hundred and fifty. It has had as pastors Rev. T. L. Rogers, serving from the organization to September, 1870; Rev. A. II. State, from Jauuary, 1871, to October. 1873; Rev. Frank Remington, from December, 1872, to February, 1874; Rev. B. F. Ashley, from September, 1874, to May, 1878. In June, 1878, the church extended a call to Rev. G. 0. King to become its pastor, which was accepted July 19, 1878. Through the efforts of Mr. King, the Garden street Baptist Mission was united with this church. Soon after a lot was pur- chased on the corner of Willson avenue and Qiiincy street, at a cost of seven thousand two hundred dol- lars, upon which a church was erected at an additional cost of twelve thousand dollars. The building is con- veniently arranged, seated with chairs, and will com- fortably accommodate seven hundred and fifty persons. The present church oflicials are Rev. G. 0. King, pastor; Thomas Emery, clerk; George D. Brainard, treasurer; John Bennitt, J. W. Thompson, William Barker and William Merur, deacons; h'icliard Chaml- Ki', John Philpott, John Bennitt, William Akcrs and William Thompson, trustees. SHILOII (cuLUUKD) liAlTIST CIUKCII, on Sterling avenue, was organized about 18G"), and for a lime the members of the congregation worshijiped in halls and the open air. They now own a frame edifice on Sterling avenue, but are few in number, and have at present no preacher. FIRST fiKKM.\N U.\PTIST ( IILKIH. In the fall of 18G2 Rev. Gerhard Koojuuau, of Rochester, New York, was em{)l()ycd by tlie Erie Street Bajitist Church, (now the Second Baptist,) to labor among the (iermans, of whom there were many in the congregation. He j)reaclied to them afternoons in tlie Scovill Avenue Mission Chapel, aud conducted weekly devotional meetings. As the result of his labors many Germans, through Rev. Mr. Koopman as interpreter, were added to the Erie Street Church. On Octolieri, 18GG, letters were granted to twenty-six jiersons to form the First German Baptist Church, and two thousand dollars was contributed toward the erection of tlieir church edifice on the corner of Scovill avenue and Forest street. Rev. Edward Greutzner is the resident pastor of this church. The number of members is one hundred and seven. WELSH BAPTIST (IirHCII. On the 19th day of April, 18G8, the Welsh Baptist Church was organized at Newburg with thirty-six ^uelnbers. The first services were conducted in a school house, by Rev. William Owen, of Pittsburg, and Rev. Richard Edwards, of Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Soon after, a huilding committee was aj)pointed, a lot selected on Wire street near Broadway, and on Sej)- tember IG, 18G8, the corner-stone of a new church edifice was laid by Rev. Mr. Duncan, of Cleveland. The building was comjileted in the latter part of the same year, and dedicated under the name of the First Welsh Bajitist Church of Newburg. In October, 1808, Rev. S. Thomas was called to the jiastorate, re- maining until March, 18G9. J. T. Giitliliis was called and ordained in July following. In March, 1871, Rev. D. C. Thomas became the successor of Rev. Mr. Griffiths, aud continued nine months. Rev. Moses Wright became pastor of the church in May, 1873, staying only four months. In October, 1873, Rev. Mr. Probert was called to sujjply the pulpit, con- tinuing until December, 1875, when he resigned. The i>ulpit, after that and until October, 1877, was supplied by S. Job, of the Bethel Home and W. Brees respectively, each serving without coojiiensation. Rev. W. J. Williams, the pi-esent pastor, was called in Sei)tember, 1877. He commenced his duties Octo- ber 21, 1877, and was ordained November 25, 1877. The society is entirely free from debt, and the build- ings and property are in good condition. The church membership numbers over forty. The officers ai'c Rev. W. J. Williams, pastor; Edward Jones, Edward Rod- way and John Stephens, deacons; Juhn E. Jones, choir leader. SCUANTON AVEXU1-: I-ttEK liAI'TIST CllUltCll.* At a meeting held at the residence of Mr. Joiin Robertson in the city of Cleveland, April 23, 18G8, of which Rev. A. G. Wilder was chairman and Rev. S. M. Prentiss clerk, a church was organized called the First Free Baptist Church of Cleveland, Ohio. A lot for a house of worship was purchased and a chapel was erected on the corner of Scovill avenue and Putnam street, which was dedicated August 23, 18G8. This young ciiureh, assisted by the Freewill Baptist Home Mi-ssion Society, secured for its first jiastor the •This society is not in connection with the Baptist denomination, but is classified with it on account of titer*' being no other of the kind in the city. 262 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Rev. A. H. Chase, who commenced his labors July 17, 1869, but resigned before the end of the year. The Rev. A. K. Moitlton then accepted the pastoi'ate of the church, commencing his labors February 3, 1870, and continuing in that relation until October 31, 1872. The church was still under the fostering care of the Home Mission Society, in response to the solicitations of which, the Rev. A. D. Patch accepted a call to the pastorate of the church, entering ui^on its duties March 1, 1874. In tlie autumn of the same year, the society, having for a long time been embar- rassed by serious hindrances, decided to seek a more eligible location. After mature deliberation the pres- ent site on the corner of Scranton and Clark avenues was selected, and the name of the church changed to that which it bears at the present time. A new brick house of worship was immediately commenced, and carried rajndly forward to completion, being formally dedicated to the worship of God on the 31st of November, 1875, the Rev. Ransom Dunn, D.D., of Hillsdale College, Michigan, ofKciating. The three years of religious work in the new churcli home have been eminently successful. Duiing tliis time the churcli has been wholly self-supporting, the entire indebtedness against the cliurcii 2'i'operty has been cancelled, a membership of nearly one hundred communicants has been gatliered, and a growing Sab- bath school of ever three hundred members is sup- ported. The house of worship has recently been newly carpeted and frescoed, and otherwise im])roved, adding to its attractiveness and the comfort of the worshipers. The officers of the church at present are as follows: Rev. 0. D. Patch, pastor; L. W. Day and H. J. Coe, deacons; E. J. Holmden, clerk; W. II. Ferris, treas- urer; J. A. Moffett, E. J. Holmden, H. J. Coe, J. J. Ralya and Alfred Kellogg, trustees. TRINITY BAPTIST CHURCH. Tlie edifice used by tlie society of Trinity IJaptist Church was not completed until 1876, although the churcli was organized in March, 1873; tiien number- ing tliirteen members. They held their meetings in Oviatt's Hall. At the dedication of the new edifice the society was entirely free from debt. Rev. F. Tol- luirstwas the first settled pastor of the society, and still reniiiins so. Under his charge the number of mem- bers has increased to one hundred and ten. The Sab- balli sciiool has two hundred and seventy scholars, and is under the direction of Richard Coulton, sujier- intendent. , GARDEN STHEET MISSION. The Garden street mission of the Second Baptist Church was organized and held its first session in the public school building on Garden street, August 11, 1873, with I. P. Chandler iis its first and present super- intendent. The first attendance showed eight teach- ers and fifty-eight scholars. In 1873 the mission society moved into a new cha])el on Garden street, where it still continues. The fourth annual rejjort shows an enrollment of one hundred and seventy- seven. EIGHTEENTH WARD DISCIPLE CHniCH. The records of this church show that as early us 1828 a religious interest was awakened in Newburg, under the preaching of Ebenezer Williams, from which this church grew. In 1832 meetings were lield in the town house, conducted by Elder William Hay- den, and in the following year under the ministry of Elders Hayden and Williams. John Hopkinson was elected elder and served in that capacity for over forty years, until his death. In 1835 an important "yearly meeting" was held on the farm of Colonel John Wrightman. Alexander Campbell, William Hayden, A. B, Green, M. S. Clapp, and other min- isters were in attendance. At tliis time a permanent organization was effected. On the 31st of April, 18-12, the church was reorganized by Elder Jonas Hartzler with thirty-five members. Soon after, while the church was under the care of Elder J. D. Bene- dict, the chapel on Miles avenue was built, wliere the congregation still meets for worship. From that time the ministers who have served the church are Revs. F. M. Green, J. A. Garfield, 0. M. Atwater, L. Cooley, John Pinkertou, J. M. Monroe, S. K. Sweetman, J. H. Jones, and E. D. Barclay. The church now has a membership of two hundred, and is under the ministerial care of W. R. S])indler. The Sunday school, superintended at present by Josiah Browning, numbers about one hundred and eighty. FRANKLIN STREET DISCIPLE CHURCH. This church was organized February 30, 1842, in a small house of worshii) on Vermont street, Ohio City. John Henry was the officiating evangelist. Cajitain D. P. Nickerson and G. B. Tibbitts were api)oiiited bishops or overseers. There were over thirty original members, and this number doubled the first year. The first services were conducted by J. P, Robison, A. S. and Wm. Hayden, John Henry, J. H. Jones, and other pioneer Disciple ministers. After Decem- ber 10, 1843, the society met in Apollo hall, and still later in Empire hall, on Superior street. In 184(! the church, by mutual consent, divided, and the part constituting this church met at Sanford's hall, uii Detroit street. Lathrop Cooley, in February, 1840, was selected as the first pastor. In the spring of 1846 the Sunday school was started. A building lot was secured on the circle and Franklin avenue, and a house of wor- ship, forty by sixty-four feet, was commenced in 1847 and completed in 1848, the building and lot costing about two thousand dollars, and being occupied twen- ty-eight years. In 1874 a new lot was secured on the south side of the circle, and the foundation of the present house was laid. The Sunday school chapel and parlors were dedicated November 5, 1870. The present pmp- ROMAN CATHOLIC CIIUKCnES, ETC. 2fi3 crt.y has cosb, thus far, fortj' thousand dollars. The pclitice is otic hundred and throe feet long and sixty- four feet wide; irregnlar in contour. It is l)nilt of red pressed brick, laid in hlaek mortar, and is trimmed with brown sandstone. The irregular shape of the material with which it is built, and the surroundings, make itoue of the most attractive churches in thecity. The members of the Detroit street mission, in East Rockport, belong to this church. The present en- rolled membership is three hundred and fifty. The average attendance at Sunday school is two hundred. Though this is not a church of wealthy members, it ii;is always materially heli)ed the educational and be- nevolent enterprises of the Disciples. The pastors have been Uevs. Latlirop Cooley, 1840 to 18.53; A. B. Green, 1853 to 1855; Latlirop Cooley, 1S5G and part of 1857; James A. Garfield, part of 1857 and 1858; Wm. Robison, 1859; W. D. Winter, 1800 and 18G1; C. C. Foote, 18G:5 to 1804; B. A. TFinsdale, 1805 and 1800; C. C. Foote, 1807; James Cannon, 1808; Dr. S. E. Shepard, 1800 to 1871; Latlirop Cooley, 1872 and 1873; Alansoa Wilcox, 1874, and at the present time pastor. The present officers of the church are Alanson Wil- cox, pastor; A. J. Marvin, James Cannon and Wm. Tousley, bishops; R. O. White, N. D. Fisher and Albert Teachout, deacons. EUCLID AVENUE DISCIPLES CHURCH. The Euclid Avenue Church of Christ (or Church of the Disciples) was organized on the 4th day of Sep- tember, 1843, at the residence of Colonel Gardner, near Doan's Corners, in what was formerly East Cleve- land township. Meetings had been held the previous month, under a tent, by members of the church in Euclid, desiring to organize a branch church in this locality. There were some thirty additions, and a petition dated Au- gust 7, 1843, was presented to the parent church in Euclid, signed by seventeen persons, asking to be set olT as a separate church. The request was granted, and an oi-ganization was effected, with W. P. Hudson and Theodore Staffoi'd a.s the first olficers. Elder M. S. Cla]ip seems to have been the first minister who preached at regular intervals, and meet- ings were held in the old stone school-house near the corners. Revs. William Ilaydeii, A 1$. Green, J. H. Jones and Dr. J. P. Roliison held meetings, and ministered during the earlier j'cars of the church. Li 1847 a substantial framed building was erected as a house of worship on the old cemetery lot, corner of Doan and Euclid streets. In 1807 this building was removed to the corner of Euclid and what is now known as Streator avenue, and, being remodeled, served as a chapel, Sunday school room and pastor's study. In 1800 an elegant and commodious church edifice was erected on the same lot, and is now used by the society. The building is of wood, in the Gothic style of architecture, and has a seating capac- ity of four hundred and twenty persons. Its cost was about twenty-four thousand dollars. For donation of the lot and much of the means cm- ployed in the erection of this building, the church is indebted to the generosity of Dr. Worthy S. Streator. The church is now in a flourishing condition, and numbers about two hundred and twenty members, T'lie Sunday school numbers over one hundred and fifty scholars. The following have been the more recent p.astors: Revs. J. B. Pinkerton, 1808; C. C. Foot, 1800; J. H. Jones, 1870; J. B. Johnson, 1871; Jabez Hall called in 1873, who yet retains the pastorate. The present oflic^ers an^ C. B. Loekwood and II. C. White, and Rev. Jabez Hall, elders; — Asa Hudson, J. W. Simpson, D. R. Whitcomb and Paul Hewitt, deacons; W. S. Streator, Ira Adams and B. F. Powei's, trustees; B. L. Pennington, clci-k and treas- urer. THE niSCII'LES MISSION'. The mission on the corner of Eric and Hamilton streets, was first opened for church worship on Janu- ary, 1877, by Rev. Lathrop Cooley. No permanent church organization has ever been effected, and the pastor receives no fixed salary, his remuneration de- pending entirely ui)on voluntary contributions from the congregation. CHAPTER LTII. ROMft.N CATHOLIC CHURCHES. ETC St. Mary's (on the Flatsl— St. .lohn's Cathedral— Cathedral A.lil cathedral remained iiiiljuilt, while both the inside and tlio outside horc tlie dimming marks of lime. In ISTS Fat.licr Thorpe, f;encron.sly socondcd hy tJie people of the parish, undertook the building of the spire, the remodeling and ornamenting of tlic front, tlie oomplcte renovation of the inside, the re- plaeing of the old windows by richer and heavier stained glass, logetlier with important changes in the chancel, the side chapels and thesaciMsty. The work of renovation on the inside is now complete. The graceful spire, surnuiiinted l)y the cross, now shoots lip two hundred and forty feet from the pavement. The Work of renovating the exterior lias commenced, and will be completed next year. When all is doni^ St. .lohiTs Cathedral will be the most Ijcantiful, as it is now the most venerable, Iioman Catholic church in Cleveland. CATIIOLIf CENTKAL ASSOI I ATION. This association is made up of delegates from all the Catholic societies of Cleveland. It was organized by Bishop (iilmour in 1873, and has since grown steadily. At first, and forthree orfouryears after its organization, its members were nearly all delegated by English speaking societies. But it has now a rejire- sentation from every Catholic parish in the city, regardless of nationality, and a full delegation from every Catholic society, without respect to language. Social intercourse and a union of Catholics for Catho- lic interests arc the primary objects of the association. Its members are bound neither by oath nor secret pleilgc. Their deliberations are generally ojien; but to |ircvcnt misunderstanding the press is often ex- cluded from their meetings. ST. Peter's (gekmax). St. i'etcr's parish was organized Feijrnary K, 18.");!, for t he bcnclit of the (icrm ,n speaking Catholics of Ck'veland, who had fiumerly w'orshqied with the other (Catholic congregations in various parts of the city. l"'or that organization a parcel of land was purchased at the intor.section of Superioi- and Dodge streets, and a school house, pastor's residence and temporary place of worship erected thereon. They were ready for occuitancy toward the latter part of 1854. The new parish comprised about seventy fam- ilies. The corner stone of the church edifice was laid August 17, 18.57, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop A. Happe, and the building completed and dedicated October 2.'), 1850, by Kt. Uev. Dc Goesbriand, Bishop of Burling- ton, Vermont., the Rt. Bcv. Bishop Lners, an{l the Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell, preaching in German and English respectively. The extreme length of the edifice is one hundred and forty-live feet; the width seventy feet; liight of tower and spire two hundred and fifty-four feet. Attached to St. Peter's is a si)a- cious school building, erected in 1873 by Rev. F. Wes- terholt, at a cost of twenty-five tliousand dollars. Adjoining the parish school is a convent erected by the Sisters of Notre Dame in 1877, of whom, including novices, thei'e arc fifty, this convent being their moth- er-house in America. St. I'etcr's at jiresent numl>crs four hundred fami- lies and twelve liiiiulred communicants. Tiie present pastor is Rev. F. Wosterholt, assisted by Thomas Fjitt(M-st. Present council, Messrs. John Kuhr, John M. Luew, Matthias Wagner, Frederick Twilling. The following have been })astors, witli the duration of their charge from the time the Germans met for sep- arate worship: Rev. James Ringell, 1848-9; Rev. Matthias Kreusch, 1849-50; Rev. Peter Kreusch, 1850-51; Rev. N. Roupp, 1851-53; Row J. 11. Luhr, 1853-08; Rev. F. Westerholt the present incumlient. ST. mauy's oi' Till': AssrMP'rioN (nuitMAN). Previous to 1853 the German Roman Catholics of Cleveland had not been organized in separate parish churches, but worshipj)ed in what was called the old "Flat church," on Columbus street, in common with the other Catholics. At the time of opening the Ca- thedral to the English-speaking Catholics by Bishop Ra})pe, the Germans of the society were granted the use of the "Flat church." Rev. Henry Luhr was a])pointed to the charge and organized the first dis- tinct (Jcrnuin Catholic church in Fel)ruary, 1853. In 1854 the Germans divided into two smaller congrega- tion and Father Luhr was made vicar-general for all German Catholic churches in the diocese. Early in the year 1857, under the pastorate of Kev. Louis Kramer, land was purchased and a school-house for temporary worship and educatioiuil purposes erect- ed on Jersey street. In September, 1857, Father Kra- mer left the parish and was succeeded by Rev. Fr. II. Obermaller. He left the church in 18G1 and Father Hammer had charge until March, 1803, when Rev. Stepiien Falk was ap))ointed pastor. During his pas- torate the new church was commenced. The corner stone was laid September 13, lS(i3. It was completed and dedicated August 13, 1805. under the title of "St. iMary's of the Assumption Cliurch." The dedicatory services were conducted l)y Rt. Rev. Bishop Rajipe and assistants. The church lias a seating ca])acity for eiglit hundred persons. Connected is a parochial school in six divisions, with about four hundred and thirty scholars, under the direction of three Christian Broliiers and tlii'ce Frsnline Sisters. ST. PATIUriv'S. St. Patrick's congregation was organized and the first services held on the Sunday within the octave of Epi[)]iany, 1854, by Very Rev. James Conlan, V.G., the first pastor, who remained in charge until his death, Marcii 3, 1875. 'The first church edifice built by this society was commenced in 1855 and comj)leted in 1857, at a cost of about ten thousaiul dollars. The edifice was built of brick, plain, and amply large for the then small congregation. For more than ten years all the Eng- lish-speaking Catiiolies of the West Siile belonged to 2G6 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. St. Patrick's. To accommodate the rapidly increas- ing number of these people, new congregations were formed, vi>!. : St. Malachi's, St. Augustine's and St. Mary's of the Annunciation, the latter partly French. Notwithstanding these gradual separations from St. Patrick's, it was found necessary to build a larger church. The corner-stone was laid in July, 1871, by Archbishop Purcell, and the sermon on the occasion was preached by Bishop Gilmour, then pastor of St. Joseph's, at Dayton. The church is not yet completed, although services have been held there during the summer for several years past. At the time of building the first church, schools were established which, owing to the zeal of the sev- eral pastors in charge, rank among the first parochial schools of the city. Their attendance numbers about eight hundred scholars, taught by the Christian Brothers and Ursuline Sisters. The several pastors of St. Patrick's, with their terms of service, have been as follows: Very Rev. Jas. Conlan, Epiphany, 1854, to March .3, 1875; Rev. J. V. Conlan, March, 1875, to April, 1877; Rev. E. M. O'Callaghan, the present pastor, appointed in April, 1877. CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION. The Immaculate Conception jiarish was organized as a mission chapel, attached to St. John's Cathedral, in the year 1856. Three city lots were purchased by Rt. Rev. A. Rappe, D.D., on the corner of Superior and Lyman streets, Mr. Joseph Lyman, from whom they were bought, at the same time donating one lot more. A framed building was moved to the spot and used for divine service, conducted by Revs. J. F. So- 1am, F. Sullivan and A. M. Martin, respectively. Among the oldest members were James Watson, 0. M. Doran, Joseph Harkins, Thomas Mahar, Daniel Mulcahy, Dennis Mulcahy, Dennis Sheridan, James Crotty, Daniel Taylor, Thomas Maher, Thos. O'Ricl- ly, Patrick Fennell and Andrew McNally. In the spring of 18G5 Rev. A. Sauvadet was ap- pointed first resident pastor. He soon erected a rec- tory and a school building, the third story of whicli was used for some time for church purposes. In October, 1870, Rev. T. P. Thorpe succeeded to the pastorate, receiving his appointment from Very Rev. E. Hannin, administrator of the diocese, and soon built the present temporary wood structure. On the 15th of August, 1873, the corner-stone was laid of the massive stone church now in course of con- struction on the corner of Superior and Lyman streets. On the 33d of June, 1876, Rev. A. R. Sidley, the present incumbent, appointed by Rt. Rev. R. Gilmour, D.D., succeeded to the pastorate, continuing the work of the church. ST. Bridget's. St. Bridget's Church, on Perry street, was organized in May, 1857, by Rt. Rev. Bishop Rappe. About twenty members met in St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, | on Harmon street. They resolved to buy a lot and build a church. The building was a small brick edi- fice, and cost about seven hundred dollars. Mass was celebrated there on Christmas, 1857. Services were conducted by jiriests from the cathedral and St. Mary's Seminary. Father O'Connor took a prom- inent part in the organization of the parish. Rev. Father Martin and Rev. John Quin attended the par- ish for some years. Rev. Father Leigh was the first resident pastor. During his administration a building standing on the corner of Prospect and Perry streets was purchased and moved to the church lot, to .serve as a school- house. Father Leigh died there in 1865. J. Storey, Mr. R. E. Mix and Mr. T. Hynes were the first eoun- cilmen, continuing as such until 1865. Rev. Jas. Monagiiau succeeded Rev. Father Lcigli. Under his administration a new school house was built. The lot and house adjoining the church was bought for about six thousand dollars. The house was used as the pastor's residence. Ground was also broken for a new church. Rev. Father Monaghan was transferred to a new field of labor in June, 1872. Rev. B. B. Kelley succeeded Rev. J. Monaghan as pastor in June, 1872. Rev. B. B. Kelley was suc- ceeded by Rev. P. J. McGuire in August, 187-1. He remained until January, 1876. Rev. Wm. McMahon succeeded Rev. P. J. McGuire in February, 1876. During that year the congregation paid about four thousand dollars — the balance due on the old debt, and current expenses in addition. The field being now clear, the people went to work with a will to erect the new church. Many changes were made in the origiual plan. Work was begun in May, 1877, and the first services were held in the new church on Christmas of the same year. On the same day, twenty years before, mass had been said in tiie old building. The new church is one hundred and fifty- two feet long and fifty feet wide; forty-eight feet to apex of ceiling. It is Gothic in style, built of Ijrick, with stone trimmings. There is a commodious base- ment under the whole church. The total cost, not including furniture, was about thirty-five thousand dollars. The congregation now numbers a little more than two hundred families. There are three divisions in the parocliial school, and about two hundred pupils enrolled. About the same number attend Sunday school. The present church officials are Rev. Wm. McMahon, pastor; W. C. Kelley, James Burden, Edward Madden and Thomas Ryan, councilmen. ST. Mary's of the holy rosauy. In 1860 Rev. E. M. O'Callaghan organized in New- burg the church called St. Mary's of the Holy Rosary, and after preaching for three years in the Town Hall aud other availal^Ie places, built a fine stone church in 1863. From thirty families in 1860 the congregation has increased to the large number of five hundred in 1879. ROMAN CATHOLIC CUURCHES, ETC. 2G7 The successors of Father O'Callaghan have been Revs. Francis Sullivan, J. Kulin, John Daudet and J. F. Gallagher. Rev. Mr. Gallagher, the present pastor, is assisted by Rev. James Monahan, and has charge also of St. Columbus Academy, the church parochial school, numbering upwards of seven hundred pupils. ST. AUGU8TINE"S. This parish comprises within its limits that portion of the city which is known as the flights. South Side — a part of the Twelfth and the whole of the Tliirtoenth wards. Prior to 1860 the few Catholic families in tiiis district were attached to St. Patrick's, West Side. In that year the Rt. Rev. A. Rappe, first bishop of Cleveland, purchased a large lot on the corner of Jefferson and Tremout streets, and built the front half of the present frame church. The Revs. T. Carroll, J. F. Gallagher, and T. M. Maho- ny attended the church from St. John's Cathedral, wiiere they wore successivel}^ assistants to the bishop. In 1867 the growing congregation was jirovided with a resident pastor, the Rev. A. Grandmongin. After him Revs. T. W. Higgins and J. P. Carroll held pastoral charge for short terras until September, 1874, when Rev. W. J. Gibbons received his api)oint- meut. His health failing, he was obliged to relinquish iiis ciiargc in July, 1875. The church was then placef the Franciscan Fathers in America,) took charge of St. Joseph's Chnich and congregation. He soon after delegated the charge of the i)arish to the Rev. Capis- trau Zwinge, O.S.F., with an assistant, Rev. Domin- iciis Drossier, O.S.F. Not long after this the liohe- iiiians separated from the Germans, and built a eiiurch for themselves. The l>ev. (^ipistran Zwinge died in the year 1874, ami tlie Itev. Kilian Schlosser again took charge of the parish. He laid the coriier-stoue of the new church edifice in 1871, and dedicated it on the .^)th of October, 1873, the Rt. Rev. Richard Gilmour, l)isiiop of Cleveland, officiating. The plan of the building is similar to the far-famed cathedral of Co- logne. The church has a frontage of ninety feet on Woodland avenue, and extends on Chapel street one hundred and sixty feet, to which are added a sac- ristry-entrance, portal and school-house, making a total depth of two hundred feet. The front contains three entrances, the main one being in the form of a porch, supported on columns with carved Capi- tols. In style of architecture the church is purely Gothic, and it can hardly be equaled by any other in the city either for outward beauty, or interior orna- mentation. Connected with the parish is a college, conducted by the Franciscan Fathers, and a ])arochial scliool, by the Brothers of the same order. The parish numbers about one thousand members, attended by Rev. Kilian Schlosser and assistants, all of the order of St. Francis. ST. WENCESLAUS (BOHEMIAN). Prior to the year 1867 the Bohemian Roman Catho- lics held their religious services in "St. Mary's Church, on the Flat," afterward in the cathedral. At that time they organized meetings, and elected as trustees John Burck, John Kavelir, John Havelicek and John Koenig. On February 27, 1867, lands on the north- east corner of John (now Arch) street were secured, on which they erected a brick church edifice, fifty by ninety feet in size. Tlie corner-stone was laid Octo- ber 2t>, 1867. The first pastor was Rev. A. Kresing, who served two years, and, on account of long illness, was superseded by Rev. George Beranek. He re- mained only three months, when Rev. J. Revis was called to the pastorate, and remained until 1873. Rev. Anthony Hynek, the present pastor, was then called. The society numbers about three hundred and seventy-five families and fifteen hundred com- municants. In 1877 a parochial school, arranged for four classes, was built at an expense of four thousand dollars. CONVENT AND ( HAl'EL OF THE FRANCISCANS. In January, 1868, the late Right Rev. Amadous Rappe, first liishop of Cleveland, called several mem- bers of the Franciscan order from the mother-house in Tento})olis, Eftingliam county, Illinois, to this city. After purchasing a suitable place, on the the corner of Ilazen and Chapel streets, they erected a monas- tery, whose first superior was Rev. Capistran Zwinge, O.S.F. The number of innnites being four, at first, it was called a residence, whose suj)crior bears the name of pneses. In course of time, however, its num- ber being increased, it was raised to the rank of a convent in 1877 (one of fifteen of this class in the United States), whose su])erior possesses more extense rights, and fortius reason bears the distinctive title of Guardian. The number of inmates belonging to the 268 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. institution consists of ten priests and six laj'-brothers. The present superior of tlie community is the Very llev. Kiliiin Schlosser, O.S.P., who hiis been at the head of the institution since 1873. He is assisted in governing the convent by llev. Bonaventure Machny, O.S.F. There is also a small cliapel connected with the convent, which is dedicated to St. Joseph. It was built in 1869, and was consecrated by the Kighi Kev. August M. Toebbe, Bishoji of Covington, Kentucky, on the 13th day of November, 1870. In 1876 the Very Eev. Kilian Schlosser erected a •stately brick building on Chapel street, which bears the name of St. Joseph's College. It was chartered in 1878, and its average attendance numbers seventy students. Seven professors, of whom five are clergy- men and two laymen, are engaged in this institution. ST. Stephen's. St. Stephen's Eoman Catholic Church was founded by Rev. H. Falk, by dividing St. Mary's parish, in tlie year 18G9. A chapel was erected on Courtland street, with rooms for parochial schools. Two hundred families belonged at that time to the parish, with about three huudred school children. On the 7th of September, 1873, the corner-stone was laid, by Et. Eev. Bishop Gilmour, of the new stone church. The extreme length of the edifice is one hundred and sixty-five feet, and the width seventy-five feet, built in Gothic style with two transepts and stained glass windows. On the 2d of July, 1876, the first service was held. The parish numbers now about three hundred families with four hundred school children. Since the ])arish was founded, Eev. C. Eeichlin has lieen pastor. ST. COLVMliKILL's. This church was organized by Father O'Eeilly in 1870, and in the same year a brick house of worship was erected at the corner of Superior anil Alabaitui streets. In 1872 Bishop Gilmour made of St. Co- lumbkill's a " Chapel of Ease," and attached it to the parish of St. John's Cathedral. Early services are held there once a week, by priests of the parish. ST. JlALAClll's. St. Malachi's was organized in 1865, and for three years the congregation worshiped in the old church of "St. Mary's on the Flats." lu 1868 a fine brick church was built on Washington street near Pearl (West Side). Eev. J. P. Maloney, the founder of tlie ciiurch, is still, and always has been the pastor. His assistants have been Eevs. T. Smyth, M. P. Kinkead and W. J. Fitzgerald. The congregation is a flour- ishing one, and includes four hundred and ninety families. (IILIU'H OK THE HOLY 1-AMlLY. In ls7(> Eev. J. Kuhn organized the Church of tlie Holy Family, whose congregation was about equally divided between the Irish and Germans. In the same year he built a brick edifice at the corner of Wood- land avenue and Geneva street, and since that time the building has served for a house of worship, school and parsonage. A new church will soon be built upon an adjoining lot, and thus the school — a growing one in charge of the Ladies of the Sacred Heart — will enjoy enlarged accommodations. The congregation, which numbers now upwards of three hundred fami- lies, is in charge of Rev. P. Ba^ckei': Eev. 5Ir. Kuhn having retired in April, 1870. CHURCH OF THE AXN I'SCI ATIOX (FREN'CH). This church on the southwest corner of Ilurd and Moon streets was established in 1870, for the benefit of the French Catholics of Cleveland. The edifice is a framed building, forty by ninety feet in dimen- sions, and was erected at a cost of about fourteen thousand dollars. The number of original members was about one hundred and fifty; the present number is nearly two hundred. The Sabbath school scholars, about two hundred in number, are all children attend- ing the parochial school. The first pastor was Eev. A. Sauvadet, who held the position until the year 1878, when he was suc- ceeded by Eev. A. Gerardin, the present incumbent. ST. I'KOKOP'S (I(OUEMIAN). In the year 1872, at the request of the Bohemian Eoman Catholics living on the west side, liie Et. Rev. Bishop Gilmour granted permission for the erection of a church edifice and the establishment of a church for the Bohemian Catholics of Cleveland. Soon after four lots were j^urchased on Burton street and the erection of a house of worship commenced. The building was completed and dedicated in 1874 by the Very Eev. T. M. Boff, vicar-general. The number of families in this society is about two hundred. Eev. Joseph M. Koudelka, is i)astor. The school, in con- nection witii this society, numbers about one hundred and seventy children and is conducted by sisters of Notre Uame. CHAPTER LIV. THE CONGHEGATIONAL CHURCHES. The First Congregational— Euclid Avenue Congregational— Plymouth- Centennial Welsh Congregational— University Eights— Jit. Zion— Welsh Congregational— Harbor Street Mission— Madison Avenue Con- gregational—Franklin Avenue Congregational. FIRST COXGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This church was organized December 21, 183-t, in pursuance of a resolution adopted at a meeting held on the 18th of the same mouth. Rev. John Keep was chosen moderator, and thirty-eight names were taken of persons disposed to unite with the new church. Of these, six are still members, viz: Mrs. Ursula M. Taylor, Miss Catharine Taylor (Mrs. Luffkin), Mrs. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHUliCIIES. 260 Jane McGuire, Miss Esther Tsift (Mrs. Robinson), >[iss C. H. Buxton (Mrs. S. H. Sheldon) and Miss ^^. A. Buxton (Mrs. Skinner). VVIiilc adoi)ting the I'resijyterian name and form, the Congregational iniii- (:i[ile of annual election was distinctly recognized by 1 he fhurcli. .\ teni|iorai'y house of worship was erected and dedi- cated .May 3, 1835. The same day Rev. John Keep commenced his pastoral labors. On January 7, 1836, he was dismissed, and on November 9, following, l\ev. J. I). Pickands took charge, and remained until .\|)ril, 183'.l. Meanwhile, in February, 1838, a por- tion of the church (forty-four in number) withdrew, l)V letter, to organize a Congregational church. In tlie summer of 1841 a reunion of tlietwo churclies was eU'ectcd on a Congregational-Presbyterian basis, the eldership being dispensed with and a committee sub- stituted, and the church continuing its connection with the presbytery. Prior to this reunion. Rev. II. A. Read was chosen stated suj>ply, in June, 1830, and served the church until October i, 1840. On the 17th of the same month, Kev. William P. Russell became the minister, closing his labors in April, 1841. With the reunion com- menced the pastoral labors of Rev. S. B. Canfield, who came with the Congregational church, of which he had been pastor, llis ministry closed in the fall of 1844. He was succeeded in September by Rev. C. L. Watson, whose pastorate lasted till September, 1848. The church, having ceased from 1848 to send dele- gates to the presbytery, stood unassociated till October 18, 18.17, when it voted to send a delegate to the ('leveland Congregational Conference. In December, 1848, Prof. J. A. Thome, of Oberlin began his labors as jiastor, although he was not in- stalled till February 27, 1856. Under his leadership, and prior to the last date mentioned, the society built the edifice now occupied on the corner of De- troit and State streets. It was dedicated August 14, 1S51. His labors ceased in July, 1871. Since 1857 the society has changed its named to " the First Con- gregational Church of Cleveland." In April, 1873, Rev. S. II. Lee, previously of Greenfield, Massachu- setts, entered upon the duties of pastor. He was in- stalled June !), 1873. He accepted another call, and was dismissed, September 24, 1878. The church numbers three hundred and forty-seven members. The deacons of the church are J. B. Palmer, S. II. Sheldon, W. II. Newton, II. J. Brooks, C. T. Rogers and T. S. Newton. Kl< LIU AVENUE cONeinEGATIONAL < lUKrll. This church was organized November 3(>, 1843. by Rev. Dr. S. 0. Aiken and Rev. S. C. Cadv- Nineteen persons constituted the society, viz: Cyrus Ford, Clarissa Ford, Horace Ford, Horatio C. Ford, Sani- uol Cozad, Hetty Ann Cozad, Elizabeth Walters, Ed- win Cowles. .Mmena M. Cowles, Jonathan Bowles, Samuel F. Baldwin, Lydia Baldwin, Rhoda Clark, Cornelius Cookley, Harriet Cookley, Jarvis F. Hanks, Charlotte Hanks and Romelia L. Hanks. The articles of faith and covenant of the First Presbyterian Church of Cleveland were adoj)ted, and the infant cliurch was christened the "First Presby- terian Church of East Cleveland." Cyrus Ford, .lMr\is F. Hanks, and Samuel W. Baldwin were elect- ed elders. During the wintei' of lS43and the succeeding sum- mer, when a preacher could not be secured, Bible services were held Sabbath mornings in what was known as the "old stone school house," situated in a back lot between Republic and Doan streets, near Euclid. In the autumn of 1844 the Methodist Church was secured, where Bible services with occa- sional preaching were held for several months. Dur- ing the summer of 1845 Rev. Benjamin Gage fre- quently suj)plied the pulpit on Sabbath afternoons. In the autumn of 1845 Rev. A. McReynolds — em- ployed by the Cleveland presl)ytery as county mis- sionary — was given charge of the church, with wliich he continued to labor for nearly three years. About this time the society occupied the school-room in the old "Railroad Hotel," corner of Republic and Euclid streets. In the summer of 1846 the foundation was laid of the "little brick church," still standing on the corner of Doan and Euclid streets. On Septem- ber 20, 184!l, the church was dedicated, the building costing i)ut three thousand dollars. In 1852, on account of the attitude of tiie Presby- terian Church toward the institution of slavery, this church withdrew from the ])resl)ytery and became an inde])endent Presbyterian church, remaining such for a few years, until it united with the "Congregational Conference of Ohio." On entering the " little brick church " there was a large increase in the Sabbath congregations, and also in church membership, and in 18G5 the church edifice was found too small for the accommodation of the worshippers. After free discussion a resolution was unanimously passed to build again. At this time Dr. W. S. Streator generously donated the lot on the corner of fjogan and Euclid streets, and contrii)uted three thousand dollars toward the erection of a new chui-ch edifice. Suliscriptions were raised, and the building of the new house began in the spring of 1866; it was completed and dedicated January 8, 1868. In 1872 the small chaiiel in reai- of the main building was torn down, and a large and beautiful chapel erected, which was dedicated June 8, 1873. Again tiie audience room of the churcii wiis found too small, and in 1874, by the liberality of Justus L. Cozad, it was enlarged, and the sittings increased to nearly eleven hundred. The membership of the church at its organization, 1843, was nineteen; in 1846. forty-nine; in 1855, sixty-one; in 1870, one humlred and eighty-four; in 1875, four hundred and fifty; present membership, six hundred and sixty-five. The following have been tlie pastors: Revs. S. C. Cody, A. Mclioynolds, C. L. Watson, C. W. Torry, 370 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. A. D. Biirber, A. M. Richardson, J. E. Twitchell, D.D., wlio began his labors in tlie winter of 1869. The superintendents of the Sabbath school have been J. F. Hanks, who served ten years; Horace Ford, five years; Horatio C. Ford, seventeen years; J. W. Closke, si.x years. The following are the present church officials: Rev. J. E. Twitchell, D.D., pastor; Horace Ford, W. H. Doan, J. W. Closke, S. 0. Hale, C. M. Preston, E. R. Taylor, deacons; Henry Taylor, Julius King, Justin Snow, Henry Ford, Byron Fay, church committee; W. H. Doane, Thomas Wilson, L. N. Camp, A. Bradley, A. H. Stone, trustees of the society; Henry Ford, treasurer of the church; H. Clark Ford, treasurer of the society; B. F. Whit- man, superintendent of the Sabbath school; S. C. Hale, assistant superintendent. PLYMOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHL'RCU. This church was organized March 25, 1850, with thirty menilters, and ado]>tcd the name of the Third Presbyterian Church of Cleveland, standing inde- jiendent of other ecclesiastical organizations. A ma- jority of the members preferring the Congregational oi-der of worship and government, in August, 1852, its ecclesiastical polity was changed, and the church became "Congregational," adopting the name of "The Plymouth Church of Cleveland." Tiie place of worshii5 occupied by the church for three years from its organization, was the building on Wood street, known as the Tabernacle, or Round Church. During the summer of 1853 the church moved into the edifice erected on the corner of Euclid and Erie streets, which was subsequently sold to the First Baptist Society of Cleveland, and vacated in the si)ring of 1855. For two years thereafter the Wesleyan Chapel, on Euclid street near the Park, was occupied as a place of worship. In January, 1857, the society purchased the building on Prospect street, known as the Prospect Street Church, which was enlarged, re- modeled, and in November, 1857, dedicated to the worship of God. Here the society worshiped for fifteen years. Its last meeting in this church was July 28, 1872, after which, the Prospect Street Church having been sold to the Homeopathic Medical College, the society repaired, and until the erection of Ply- mouth Chapel occupied, the school house, corner of Prospect and Perry streets. The first and dedicatory service in Plymouth Chajjcl took place April 2G, 1874. Rev. Edwin H. Nevin was the first pastor, whose ministerial labors lasted four years. In November, 1854, the Rev. James C. White ac- cepted an invitation to suj)ply the jjulpit. He received ail unanimous call in the January following to become pastor, and was installed in August, 1855. He re- signed September 23, 1861. The successor of Mr. White was the Rev. Samuel Wolcott, D.D., who was installed February 5, 1802, and who, after a faithful pastorate of twelve years, was dismissed by council February 17, 1874. The present pastor. Rev. Charles Terry Collins, was installed January 27, 1875. The church at present numbers three hundred and thirty members. It has a i)rosperous mission chapel (Olivet) on Hill street, corner Commercial. In its two Sunday schools it has an average attendance of nearly five hundred children. The present officers of the church and congregation are S. H. Cowell, J. 6. W. Cowles, A. F. Holmes and L. M. Pitkin, deacons; S. P. Churchill, A. C. Kendel, R. N. Williams and the pastor and deacons, ex-officio examining commit- tee; Asahel Strong, clerk; S. II. Stilson, treasurer; George Hall, A. C. Kendel, J. G. W. Cowles, II. A. Tuttle and B. S. Cogswell, trustees; S. P. Churchill, superintendent Sunday-school; L. P. Hurlljurd, su- perintendent Olivet Sunday-school; E. S. Abell, sex- ton. CENTENNIAL WELSH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This church had its inception in a series of prayer- meet ngs held at the house of William E. Jones, at Newburg, as early as the year 1858. Prominent among the originators of these meetings and the subsequent growth and organization as a church society were David I., John, Thomas D., George M., Evan and William E. Jones and Morgan Harris, and their families. During this year the church was organized under the temporary ministerial service of Rev. D. Davies, of Portage county, Ohio, assisted by Rev. Richard Richards and George M. Jones, of Newburg. The original number of communicants was about twenty. Thomas D. and William E. Jones were elected dea- cons. The first church edifice, a framed building twenty by thirty feet, was built on Wales street in 1859, and in 1861, on account of rapid increase in the church, was enlarged to twice its original dimensions. In 1862 the Calvinistic Methodist members of theciiurch withdrew, and organized a separate church on Can- non street. Again, in 1863, the Baptist members also established a church on Wire street, and sepa- rated themselves from the mother society. These losses at the time considerably weakened the church, but the vacancy was soon filled, and it has now a membership of about one hundred and sixty. In 1876 a large and beautiful brick edifice was erected on Jones avenue at an expense of sixteen thousand dollars. As this was built during the hun- dredth year of American indejieudence it was dedi- cated as the "Centennial" Welsh Congregational Church. The several pastors, with their terms of service, have been as follows: Rev. Wm. Watkins, 1864; Rev. John E. Jones, 1866 to 1870; Rev. Wm. Lewis, 1871 to 1874; Rev. John Jones, 1875 to 1877; and Uev. W. P. Edwards, called 1878. The present church officials are Rev. W. P. Ed- wards, jiastor; Thomas D. Jones, David I. Jones, David F. Lewis, Richard Thomas and Thomas TIIK CON(;nK(iATI0NAL CIIUltCTIES. Sfl Tlionias, deacons; George Russele, David M. Uicli- ;ir(ls, 'LMionias D. Jones, Rieliard Thomas, David I. .lonos, David P. Lewis and Thomas Thomas, trustees; 'i'homas Thomas, treasurer. TllK HVIVICRSITV niOniS CONGUEIiATIONAL CmUl'II was organized by a regularly called council on the i:Uh day of November, 1859. Tt was originally in- t('udcied by the society until August 1, 1841. During the years prior to 1841 the society had pur- chased a lot on the corner of Hamilton and Erie streets at a cost of five hundred and fifty dollars, and erected thereon a church edifice at an expense of five thousand five hundred and fifty dollars. The first services were held in this edifice in August, 1841, and the edifice dedicated as the "Schiffiein Christi'' (Ship of Christ) Church. In the summer of 1877 the society dedicated the elegant brick church edifice now occupied by them on the corner of Superior and Dodge streets. This was built during the years 187()-7, and cost nearly thirty-five thousand dollars. The pastors since 1834 have been as follows: Revs. John F. Tanka, William Busey, Edward Allard assisted by Theodore Stenmoar, William Schmitt, Frederick Poriiss, Benjamin Ficth, Henry Schorsteu, Charles Mueneh, Otto Telle. The church has one hundred and eighty members, and a Sabbath school of two hundred scholars under the superintendence of Rev. Otto Telle. "There are fifteen churches in Cleveland, all German, bearing the appellation of " Evangelical." They do not all belong to the same de- nomination, but there is a general similarity in their creeds, and we have found it impracticable to arrange them otherwise than under the general head of "Evangelical.'' They are the tlrst fifteen of this chapter. EVANGELICAL AND OTHER CHURCHES. 273 The present cimrcli officials are Rev. Otto Telle, li;isf,or; (feorgo Angel, John Len(]>', John Leading, ('hrist Kleinschrodt, August llohnor, George Kuhn, A(him Wiigiicr, Christian Ebert, Henry Kerschner, .Idhn Riedel. William Hill, Jacol) Kirsch, trustees. Tiie SchilHoin Christi is the oldest German church in Cleveland, and the one from wiiich have grown all other German Evangelical churches in the city. SALKM CHURCH (OFTItK EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION.) This church was organized in the year 1840, through the efforts of two (ierman families, by the name of Schemerer, father and son. The first ser- vices were conducted by a circuit preacher named Stroch, and in the following spring Cleveland was made a mission. A house of worship was built near the lake and dedicated as Salem church of the Evan- gelical Association. In 184.5 the building was re- moved to a more suitable location, the corner of Erie and Eagle streets. In a short time the old church was torn down and the substantial brick edifice erected now in use. Out of this, the mother church, have grown four others in the cit}', one a station and the others prosperous missions. The church has a mem- bership of one hundred and twenty-three, and a Sab- bath school under the charge of G. Kouig. The officers of the church are G. Konig, M. Lillig, Henry Zimmerman, II. Koch (secretary), G. Knipple (treasurer), trustees. The succession of missionaries has been Revs. L. Einsell, II. Ileiss, N. (Jeho, — Trubel, P. Nicolai, C. G. Koch, G. F. Spreug, J. G. Zinser, J. Watz, J. P. Schnatz, Job Watz, John Bernhardt, L. Seheuernumn, J. (J. Pheuffer, G. W. Fisher, B. L. JIueller, L. Scheuerman, C. Hammer, (J. Theuer, A. Mueller, C. G. Koch, J. G. Theuer, C. F. Negele and A. Bornheimer. ZION ClIUKCIl (EVAXliELICAL LITIIERAN, V. A, <■•) Zion jiarish was organized in April, 1843, and 1). Schuh called ;us pastor. In 1845, Mr. Schuh having resigned, August Schmidt became the pastor of Zion parish, and continued in office until succeeded by Rev. U. C. Schwan, the present incumbent. This was in August, 18.51. From that time the parish has continually increased, nnndjering at present over twelve hundred communicjints. The present large and commodious house of wor- ship was comi)lctcd and consecrated in 1807. It stands on the corner of Erie and Bolivar streets. Connected with Zion church is Zion chapel, corner of Superior street and Willson avenue, haviug a member- ship of two hundred and forty, attended by Rev. Paul Schwan. The ])resent officials of Zion church are Rev. Henry C. Schwan; l?ev. Paul Schwan, assistant pastor. TKIMTV CHI itcil (EVANCK.I.ICAI, MTIIEIIAN, f.A.C.) Trinity p.irish was formed from Zion cluirch in 18.53, and I. ('. \V. Lindeman called as pastor. Early in lSii4 the venerable Kriederich Wynekcn was chosen pastor of Trinity, which has since continued to grow in sti-ength and influence. At present the num})erof communicants is over fourteen hundred. The large and handsome church building, situated on Jersey street, between Lorain and Chatham streets, was erected and dedicated in 1873. Trinity chapel, situated on the corner of Seranton and Seymour avenues, is a branch of Trinity church. The officials of Trinity at the present time are Rev. J. II. Niemann, pastor; Rev. II. Weseloh, assistant pastor; E. H. Brinker, J. H. Nolte, W. Walker. Fr. Fahle, G. Walker, J. II. Hemann, G. Albers, E. II. Schulte and Fr. Reese, wardens and trustees. ZION CHURCn OF THE EVANCELICAL ASSOCIATION. This parish was organized as a mission in the month of May, 185f), with eight members, among whom were M. Brodbeck. Barbara Brodbcck, Abram Stol- ler, Louisa Stoller, II. Peter and Mary Peter. The Ohio conference of the Evangelical Association estab- lished the mission, and ajjpointed the Rev. J. Watz to do the pastoral work. In 1857 the number of mem- bers had increased to forty-five. In 1872 the old church edifice, previously used, was removed, and the present building erected, thirty-two by fifty feet in dimensions, at a cost of two thousand five hundred dollars. The mission has at present fifty-five mem- bers. The Sabbath school has sixty scholars. The following missionaries have had charge since 185G: Revs. J. Watz, M. Hang, R. Matt, C. F. Behner, C. Tramer, L. Schemennan, Wm. Schmidt, Geo. Hasenpflug, Fred. Zeller, J. G. Pfeuffer, G. Hein- rich, J. D. Seip, C. Kimzli and C. Hammer. The present officials are Rev. C. Hammer, missionary; .1. G. Koenig and C. Rehn, leaders; Jacob Emerick, treasurer. The same persons are also stewards. ST. pail's (evan(jelical united). Previous to 1857 two congregations ^n'ofcssed the faith of the Evangelical United Church, and wor- shiped — one up town, and the other down town; in that year they agreed to make a junction and organize a church. The church was organized by Rev. Mr. Steiner, and attached to the Evangelical Synod of the West. Services were at first held in a public hall, but after a brief space a church was built on Greenwood street, which latter was in 1870 replaced by the fine brick edifice at the corner of Scovill avenue and Greenwood street, known us St. Paul's. The pastors of the church have been Rev. Messrs. Steiner, Gro- emlein, Young. Bank, Zeller and W. H. Bncttner. The latter was the pastor in August, 1870, when tlie congregation of St. Paul's included one hundred and twenty families. CAI.\ AltV cm liCII (EVAXliELICAL ASSOCIATION). This church was organized in the spring of 1802, under the auspices of the Pittsburg Conference. Hcv. S. F. Crowther was n])pointed as the first ])astor. The society was afterwards transferred to the Ohio 2U THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Conference. In 1862 a committee, appointed for the purpose, purchased a lot on the corner of Kinsman street (now Woodland avenue) and Perry street. In 1863 the present church edifice was completed; a l^lain structure of brick, with a basement and prayer- meeting rooms. The building is forty-two by seventy feet in size. The parsonage is in the rear and on the same lot. The society was duly incorporated in 186-1, John Eobertson, T. G. Clewell, John A. Worlcy, James Ward and E. Yeakel being named as trustees in the act of incorporation. The following have been successively appointed pastors of this church: Rev. S. P. Crowcher, 18G2 to 1864; Rev. William Whittington, 1864 to 1868; Rev. Hiram Lougbrake, 1868 to 1869; Rev. H. F. S. Sichley, 186!) to 1871; Rev. William Whittington, again, 1871 to 1872; Rev. George W. Miesse, 1873 to 1874; Rev. Jesse Lerch, 1874 to 1876; Rev. Samuel P. Spreng, the present pastor, since April, 1876. UNITED GERMAN CHURCH (EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT.) This church, now in charge of Rev. H. C. Fack, was organized about 1860, and includes in its congre- gation near one hundred and fifty families. The house of worship, a fine brick structure, is at the cor- ner of Bridge and Kentucky streets, west side. EMMANUEL CHURCH OF EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. The early meetings of this society were held in a grove and school-house on the south side, from 1862 to 1864; then a chapel was built on Jennings avenue, twenty-eight by forty in size, under the charge of Rev. L. Scheuermann, pastor of Salem church. Soon after this, and during the year 1864, an organization was effected, with John Herr, Jac. Weith and George Becker as trustees. In 1866 Rev. J. K. Pontius suc- ceeded to the pastorate, and remained until 1868. In 1873 a new church edifice was commenced. The building was completed and dedicated January 25, 1874. The edifice is a framed building, in size forty- six by sixty-five feet, with a spire one hundred and fifteen feet in hight. The society numbers at present one hundred and forty communicants, and has a Sabbath school with one huiulred and sixty-two scholars. Since the retire- ment of Rev. Mr. Pontius, the following have had pas- toral charge of the society: Revs. George Hasenpflug, G. F. Spreng, J. D. Scip, J. G. Theuer, M. Guhl. The present officers are Rev. J. D. Seip, j)astor; Ch. Shur, I. Frerighs, Ch. Ileurigi, stewards; John Buck, John Becker, Jr., Charles Buck, Ch. Heurigi, D. Watdomeier, trustees. ZION'S CHURCH (GERMAN EVANGELICAL.). Zion's Church, on University Hights, located at the corner of Jennings and Branch avenues, was or- ganized in the year 1867. Tlie qhurch edifice, a frame, formerly stood on Pelton avenue, and was removed to its present location. The first pastor of the church was Rev. A. Baur, called in October, 1867, who re- mained until August, 1868. Rev. G. Boohest was next called, who continued till November, 1871. Rev. 0. Shetler served as pastor from then until August, 1878. Tiie society numbers about four hundred fam- iles, one hundred of whom are church members. Connected with the church is a Sabbath school, hav- ing an average attendance of two hundred and fifty. This church forms a part of the German Evangelical Synod of North America. Rev. Albert Klein is the present pastor. FIRST GERMAN UNITED EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH. This church is located on the corner of Ohio and Erie streets, and was, in the year 1868, purchased l)y Nicholas Heisel, Henry Keller and John C. Wagner from the Erie Street Baptist society for the sum of 814,500. The First German church was organized on the 21st day of March, 1869, with Rev. AVm. Schmidt, pastor. On the 20th of October, 1869, the church was legally incoi'porated, the following gentlemen lie- ing named as trustees and officers: Charles Wal)el, president; Fred Hamm, secretary; John C. Wagner, treasurer; N. Ileiscl, II. Keller, J. G. Denzel, C. Koe- neck, H. Schmidt, John Rock, P. Schuethelm, J. Hoffman and F. Bnrgart, trustees. On July 1, 1871, N. Heisel, H. Keller and J. C. Wagner deeded the church, for fourteen thousand five hundred dollars, to the church corporation. At present the society numbers about two hundred persons, one hundred of whom are members. The following are the present officials: Rev. F. Len- schau, jiastor (since October 25, 1874); John Rock, president; John C. Wagner, secretary and treas- urer; C. Koelder, P. Hill, H. A. Heimsath, J. Wit- zel, G. Boejiide, L. Schuerer, G. Fix, Gottfried Saal, E. Hill and .1. I'ijier, trustees. TIUNITY EVANGELICAL CHURCH. This church, at no time very strong, includes now twenty-eight members and has existed since 1872. The place of worship is on East Madison avenue. The pastor is Rev. S. J. Gamertsfelder. FRIEDENSKIRCHE (EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION). The Friedcnskirche (Church of Peace) was organ- ized as a mission in 1873, with L. C. Eggert as ex- horter; Charles Fistler, class-leader; S. Biel, C. Fist- ler and L. C. Eggert, trustees. A chapel, twenty- eight by forty feet, was built in the fall of 1873, under the sujiervision of Rev. J. G. Theuer, and dedicated in Doceml)ei' following. In May, 1874, Rev. Mr.Thcuer was succeeded by Rev. W. W. Orwig, who remained until March, 1876, when Rev. C. F. Negcle was called to the pastorate. At the time of the formation of the Erie Confer- ence, in 1875, this church was set off to that organiza- tion from the Ohio Conference, to which it had previ- EVANGELICAL AND OTHER CHURCHES. 275 ously belonged, and Rer. A. Bornheimer assigned to tlie iitislorate. Ho remained until Marcl), 1877, when Rev. J. D. Seip, the present pastor, was called. The chnreli iiunibers at present seventy communi- cants, and has a Sunday school with one hundred and twenty scholars. The present otlicial board consists of (I. Bidling- nicier, class-leader; S. Biol, S. Seitli, G. Bidlingmeier, stewards; C. Fistlcr, S. Biel, S. Gruhl, G. Bidling- meier, trustees. TKiNiTY (.'iiriicii (evangelical pkotestant) is a flourishing organization, and has a fine house of worship at the corner of Case avenue and Superior struct. Rev. August Kimmel is the present })astor. ST. .John's ciiukch (oeumax evanoelkal LUTHERAN.) 'i'he mcnilicrs of the Zion Lutheran church i-esiding ill file vicinity of the Newbnrg district, desiring a place of worship nearer their homes, organized St. .)i)lnrs church in 1878, and directly thereafter built a churcii edifice on Bessemer avenue. The membership, which was at first seventy, had risen in a twelvemonth Id one hundred and twenty. Rev. August Dankworth, wlio was called to the pastorate at the church organ- ization, still occupies it. The deacons of the church arc Oscar Schmidt and Frederick Huppensack; the trustees are II. Briiiis, H. Thies and IL I'oesa. ansue chesed congregation (hebkew). Tliis society was organized in 1840, in Farmer's Block, corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, with about twenty-live members. Mr. Seligman Stern was tiic first reader and minister, and the late Joseph Knglehart was tlie first president. The congregation, oil account of rapid growth, found it necessary to build a house of worship. A lot was selected on I'^agle street, between Erie street and Woodland ave- nue, and a synagogue was completed in 1848. Since then it has twice beeu rebuilt and enlarged. Li 1874 the (lid prayer-book, used for centuries among the Israelites, was changed for another more in con- t'onnity with the spirit of the present age, though the Hebrew language is still, with but few exceptions, retained in the prayers, while the sermons are deliv- ered alternately in German and English. The congregation is at present in a flourishing con- dition, counting about one hundred and fifty mem- bers, with a Sabbath school of one hundred and twenty-five scholars. The following have been the ral)bis since Mr. Stern: Rev. A. Lehman, until 1848; Rev. Mr. Fuld, 1848 to 1856; Rev. Dr. Kalisch, 1850 to 1859; Rev. Mr. Bing, 1859 to 1801; Rev. Mr. Liepman, 1801 to 1803; Rev. G. M. Cohn, 1803 to 1875; Rev. Dr. M. Machol, the present rabbi, installed March 1, 1870. The following are the present otKcials: Rev. Dr. .M. Machol, rabbi; S. Newmark, president; L Rein- tlial, vice-president; II. Blahd, treasurer; S. M. Goldsmith, secretary; A. Becker, A. Foil, M. Halle, 1. Levy, Marx, L New, S. Skall, F. Strauss, J. Wer- theimer and L Wolf, trustees. TlFEliKTH ISKAKl. I'ONGUEGATION (HEHUEW). This congregation was established in Cleveland, on orthodox principles, in 1854, by a learned rabbi. Rev. M. Kalish, the first minister. The early services were held in a hall on Sui)erior street, until the society received a legacy from the late Judah Touro, of New Orleans, amounting to six thousand dollars. With this the society built the synagogue now occu- pied by them on Huron street. The congregation, organized with a membership of twenty persons, now numbers one hundred members. The successive min- isters have been Revs. M. Kalish, Jacob Cohn, Dr. I. Mayer and Dr. A. Ilahn, the present incumbent. This congregation has always been an ardent advocate of Judaism, and ranks with the most radical reform congregations in the country. h'NE YESHUKUN CON«HE(iATION (HUNGAHIAN IIE- liliEW). This congregation was organized about ISii'.i, and, for a time, met for public worship in Halle's Hall, on Superior street. In 1877 a removal was made to No. 71, Michigan street, (the old German theater build- ing), which has since then been used. The congrega- tion numbers about forty members, but is comjiosed of poor people, and is far from strong. Rev. E. M. Kline, who was chosen jiastor in 1875, still serres, and jireaches every Saturday. Tiie church trustees are L. Berger and H. Sanipliner. BETH ISRAEL IIIEISKA KADISIIA CONGREGATION (IIEHREW). This Hebrew congregation was organized in 1874 with but a handful of members, who have since in- creased to thirty-five. The placeof worship is on Hill street. The trustees are J. Harris, L. Bialosky and B. Goldman. The pastor is Rev. Pjlias Rothschild. A division in the ranks of the Beth Israel (Jliebra Kadisha in 1870 resulted in the creation of a congre- gation known as ANSIIE EMETII. There are but twenty members of this congrega- tion, who worship in a hall on Broadway, under the direction of Rev. Henry Bernstein. FIRST REFORMED ( IIIRCH (GERMAN). The First Reformed Church was organized in 1848 through the efforts of a lay member, Mr. F. G. Kauf- holtz, and was served by him until his death in 1800. So great wa.s his zeal for the welfare of the Germans around him that, although only a day laborer, he out of his own savings built a house of worship, the First (iermaii Church, on the West Side. The organiza- tion remained independent until the year 1800, when a call was extended to Rev. H. J. Ruetenick, who succeeded in uniting the clnirch with the Reformed 276 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Synod. Under his pastoral charge a new church was built in 1863. In 1870, Rev. F. Forwick was called to the pastorate, in which he still remains. A. Close is tlie present secretary; H. Wolfkamni tlie treasui-er. SKLOND REFORMED CHTRCH (GERMAN). This church is a branch of the First Kefoi'med, and was organized in the year 1863 under the jiastoral care of Rev. H. J. Ruetenick, of that church, on ac- count of the rapid growth of his congregation. The present pastor is Rev. J. C. Young. TUIRD REFORMED CHURCH (GERMAN). This society, an offshoot of the First German Re- formed Church, was organized in 1868. Tlie church edifice was built at a cost of one thousand and fifty dollars, at 194 Aaron street, and dedicated October 4, 1868; the cliurch liaving then but ten members. The membership at present numbers one hundred and forty-five; the SabbatJi school has an attendance of one hundred and fifty. The pastors have been Revs. Nathaniel Rutenich, 1868-71 ; Paul Schuelke, 1871-74; Carl Gnstav Zipf, present incumbent. FOURTH REFORMED CUUUCII (GERMAN). The Fourth Reformed congregation was organized on the 10th day of December, 1873, at the i-esidence of John Jacob Grebel. Rev. U. Trautman was cho- sen president; Christian Diehm, secretary. John Jacob Grebel and John A. Scherzer were elected eld- ers; Albert Pretzer, Christian Diehm, Chr. Sau])e and n. Rehburg, deacons. The same otHcers consti- tute the board of trustees. Rev. H. Trautman was chosen minister. On the 1st of February, 1873, two lots on Louis sti'eet with a house were purchased, to be used as a parsonage, at a cost of two tliousand eight hundred dollars. In the spring of 1873 a framed church edifice, thirty-two by sixty feet in di- mensions, was constructed, at an expense of three thousand dollars. The building was dedicated Au- gust 17, 1873; the church numbering at that time forty-eight communicants. In 1875 the membership had increased to ninety-six, since wliich time there have been no material additions. The congregation is composed of Germans, and tlie service is conducted in their language. FIFTH REFORMED CHURCH ((iERMAN). The Fifth Reformed Church had its origin in the First Church in the early part of 1873, several fami- lies being dismissed from the First Church society for the purpose of organizing the church. The church edifice is situated on Higgins street, near Clark avenue. Rev. J. J. Weiss was chosen as the first jiastor, and continued until succeeded recently by tlie present incumbent, Rev. W. Brauu. The church is yet supported by the Board of Home Missions. SIXTH REFORMED CHURCH (GERMAN). This church was organized in 1877, by members of the Second Reformed Society. The place of worshi]! is on Henry street. The society was endowed witli a neat chapel on Broadway by Mr. B. Sturm, and is under the jiastoral charge of Rev. A. E. Schade. EBENEZER lilBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This was organized in 1852, at the residence of Mr. Josiah Venning, on Orange street. In 1853 a small framed church was built at the corner of Irving and Orange streets, which was replaced by the ])resent brick edifice in I860. The first trustees were Josiah Venning, Waltei' Ayers, James Rabone, G. H. Hill, James Gill and Geo. Newman. The names of the pastors in the order of their ser- vice are Revs. John Chapi)le, Joseiih lloidge, W. R. Roach, William Hooper, M. Pett, (i. llaycraft, John Pinch, J. T. Sencalmugh, W. Hodnett, W. C. Beer, R. T. Courtice, S. Jolliffe, H. J. Nott. The present trustees are Josiah Venning, John Collacott, James Gill, William Morrish, John W. Keetch, Samuel Taylor and James Reece. The jtresent number of communicants is one hun- dred and four. Tlie number of scholars in the Sun- day school is one hundred and forty. lilBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH (EIGHTEENTH WAKD). This church was organized in 1872 with twentv members, and for a while was obliged to worship in public halls. At length tiie Methodist Church edi- fice was purchased, and in that building services have since been held. Rev. Wm. Hodnett organized tiie church; afterwards the preachers were Revs. John Ball, George Copeland, James Reece, Herman More and H. J. Nott. Mr. Nott is pastor of Ebenezer Cliurch, on Orange street, and supplies the jiulpit at Newburg in tlie absence of a regular jiastor. The members now number fifty, the present trus- tees being Jolin Barrabel, James Chinnock, Steitlien Gifford and John Snell. FIRST CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHREN (gERMAN). This was organized in March, 1854. William Krumweide, John Viets, Jacob Reese, Chr. Gutt and Peter Oflermann comprised the original board of trus- tees. Services were held in the edifice of the English Church of the United Brethren until the year 1861, when a lot was secured, and a building erected on Lorain street. This edifice was dedicated during the same year by Bishop II. Kumber. In 1864 this prop- erty was sold, and another lot bought on the corner of Peach and Orchard streets, upon which a larger building of brick was erected at a cost of eight thous- and dollars, to accommodate the rapidly increasing society. The following is the succession of pastors with their respective terms of service. E. Licht, from 1855 to 1857; B. Frillmann, 1857; E. Licht, 1858; H. C. Crom, 1859; C. F. Eckert, 1860 to 1862; G. Backer, 1862 to 1864; C. Sclineider, 1864 to 1866; E. Lorenz, 1866 to 1868; C. Streich, 1868 to 1871; M. Bussdicker, 1871; A. Krause, 1872 to 1876; J. Earnest, 1876 to 1878. ^^^^—C^L'^-'^^^K-A^ c/i' C c52X-'2--?.xi. This congregation (professing the faith that all people should be of one church and that church the Church of Cod,) was organized about 1800, and from (hat time to the present has worshiped in public balls — its present place of meeting for devotional ])ur- posos being at the corner of Case and Woodland avenues. The niembershi}) now numbers seventy, tlie elders being L. C. Cattell, John Jones and J. A. Morgan. The church is at present without a pastor. FIRST UEFOHMEl) CIILKCU (llol LAN I)). The society just named was organized by thoClassis of (JenevaJune 10, 18(U, at which time the church nu'mbership was fifty-six — the rules of government ln'ing the constitution and general rules of the Dutch Ik'formed Church in America. The first house of worship was erected on Scovill avenue; in 1875 it was succeeded by the present church Iniilding on IMair street. The first minister was Ruv. A. K. Kasse; the present one is Rev. A. Wormser. The membership numbered about two hundred in August, 187!). THE TlUE DLTCH KEI'OUMEI) (IHUI H on Calvert street, east side, was organized in 1873, by seceders from the First (Holland) Reformed Church on Blair street. Its membership is forty, and its preachers are supplied by the Reformed Church of Michigan. THE FUEE DUTCH REFOILMEH CHI K( H. This is another congregation of I lolhindri's, which was organized in 1875, and has now a nieniliership of sixty. It meets on Waverly street on the west side. I'ull)i( supplies are |)rovided by the cliiirch in Mi- cliijjan. THE FKIENDiS CHURCH. The first members of the Society of Friends, known to have settled in Cleveland, were James Farmer and wife, who came in the year 18.56. For several years they observed the usual hour of worship in the parlor of their house. Other families of like belief coming to the city, a chapel was rented, in which temporary services were conducted in accordance with the ortho- do.x principles of the society. In 187-1 a house of worship was built on Cedar avenue near Sterling, at a cost of ten thousand dollars. Meetings are held there each Sunday and Wednesday. No regular minister is employed, but the society has four resident preach- ers, three of whom are women. They are David Tatum, Meribah Farmer, Theodute S. Pope, Hannah B. Tatum. The elders are James Farmer, Albert French and Mary Stackpole. CHURCH OF THE UNITY (UNUIARIAN). This, the only Unitarian society in Cuyahoga county, was organized February 1, 18(!7, after earnest and protracted ctforts. At the first meeting thirty- five i)ersons took part, and wilJi such interest that, although its adherents were few in number, the suc- cess of the project was assured. The trustees elected at the organization were Rodney dale, S. A. Jewett, B. F. Robinson, Ceorge 0. Baslington and John II. Uinlerwood. Rev. T. B. Forbush was secured as the first pastor, and services were held in Case Hall every Sunday. The society prospered fairly until 1875, when it lan- guished, and for three years no public worship was held. In 1878, however, there was a strong revival of interest, and the society set out upon a renewed career which has led thus far to bright and cheering i-esults. Weisgerber's Hall, at the corner of Prospect and Brownell streets, is now used as a place of worship, and near there the society is erecting a commodious stone church edifice whicli will cost about ten thous- and dollars. Rev. F. L. llosmer, the second pastor of the church, has been in charge since 1878. The society is now in a condition of health and strength, the church attendants numbering about two hundred. The trustees for 187'J are Thomas Kilpatrick, Thomas n. White, E. Sowers, Ceorge It. (iale, Bushnell While and James Storcr. Sl'IRUrUALISTS. The First Religious Society of Progressive Spirit- milists meets each Sunday at liynnm Hall, on Monu- mental S(iuare. Connected therewith is a Children's Progressive Lyceum. NEW .lERUSALEM CHURCH (sWEDENBOR(;IAN). This church was organized March 33, 1808, with twelve mi.'mbers, who called Rev. C. D. Noble to be their pastor, and appointed A. O. Blair, M. Carson and (!. W. Barnes members of the church council. A small chapel was at first engaged as a house of wor- ship, and in 1874 the one now in use on Arlington 278 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. shreet was built. The pastors have been Revs. C. D. Noble, L. P. Mercer, J. S. Saul and G. F. Stearus. There are now about forty members; the present trus- tees being M. G. Browne, George Judson and A. H. Cline. MISCELLANEOUS. Among tlie numerous missions, chapels etc., in Cleveland, which are used for occasional services, and which can hardly be assigned to any regular place in church history, may be mentioned St. Joseph's Chapel (Roman Catholic), corner of Chapel and Hazen streets; the Armory at East Cleveland; Cottage (Methodist Episcopal) Chapel, corner of Willson ave- nue and Prospect street; (rerman Baptist Mission, on Payne avenue; German Methodist Mission, on Purdy street; Lake Shore Chaj)el, on Lake street; Pearl Street Friendly Inn; River Street Friendly Inn; Tem- perance Chapel, on St. Clair street; Central Place Friendly Inn; Union Mission, on Erie street, Olivet Chapel, on Hill street; and the Ontario Street Taber- nacle, which last structure was built on the occasion of an anticijnited Moody and Sankey season. CHAPTER LVI. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. Charity Hospital— Homoeopathic Hospital — City Hospital— Protestant Orphan Asylum— St. Vincent's Orplian Asylum— Jewisli Orphan Asy- lum—Home for the Aged Poor— Bethel Union— Youn^ Men's Chris- tian Association— Women's Christian Association— Women's Chris- tian Temperance Leaj^e— Convent of ihe Good Shepherd— Firemen's Relief Association- St. Mary's Orphan (Girls) Asylum— St Joseph's Orphan Asylum. CHARITY HOSPITAL. It is to the zeal of Bishop Rappe that Cleveland owes its first public hospital. In the spring of 1852 he had a framed building erected on Monroe street, AVest Side, on the same lot ou which St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum now stands. Owing to his very limited means, the bishop could not fnlly carry out his long cherished plan of erecting an asylum for the sick and injured of the city, the building being small and the sisters in charge — two Hospitallers of the order of St. Augustine and two Postulants, who came from France the year previous — few in number. Yet the good sisters kindly received all applicants and cared for them as best they could, though laboring under many and great disadvantages. During the late war, when many of our soldiers re- turned to Cleveland either sick or wounded, and found no place where they could get the tender care of trained nurses and skillful physicians and surgeons, Cleveland fnlly realized the necessity of a hospital. Bishop Rappe, ever ready to j)romote a good work, and seeing a near realization of his plan, offered to build a hospital, and provide nurses, and surgical and medical aid, if the public would come to his help. His apjieal was not in vain. All citizens, without dis- tinction of nationality or creed, came to his aid. He purchased twelve lots on the east side of Perry street, bounded by Garden and Marion streets. In the spring of 1863 Charity Hospital was begun. Aided by the generosity of the citizens of Cleveland — their contributions at a fair and by subscriptions amount- ing to about twenty thousand dollars, one gentleman alone giving the princely donation of ten thousand dollars — the building was opened to the public in the fall of 18G5, and cost, as it then stood, upwards of seventy-five thousand dollars. To the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine was committed the care of patients and the general man- agement of the institution. The medical and surgi- cal work was confided to Charity Hosjjital College, now the Medical Department of the LTniversity of Wooster. Owing to its able surgeons and physi- cians and faithful nurses, Charity Hospital soon ranked among the first in the country, patients com- ing for treatment from all parts of the Union. The yearly average number of jiatients from 18(35 to Jan- uary 1, 1879, was four hundred and forty-one; whole number of patients treated, five thousand seven hun- dred and thirty-five; whole number of free patients, same period, two thousand two hundred and forty-six. During 1873 and 1871: improvements were made and additions built by Bishop Gilmour at a cost of forty-seven thousand dollars, viz: clinic and lecture rooms, niortuary, steam-heaters and elevators. The wooden staircase at the main entrance was replaced by a fine stairway of storie, of easy ascent, and the interior of the building was refitted; so that now the Charity Hos2)ital ranks second to none in the country in point of modern conveniences, and apidi- anees to lessen the pains of the sick or wounded i)a- tient. The medical staff, of which Dr. W. I. Scott is president, is now composed of nine physicians. There are sixteen Sisters of Charity taking care of the sick. Sister Alexis is the local Superior. In this connection might also be mentioned the es- tablishing of the House of Maternity by Bishop Gil- mour, in 1874, in the rear of Charity Hospital, and under the care and management of the Sisters of Charity; Sister Martha, local Superior. The build- ing is forty-five feet wide and seventy-five in length, three stories high, with large, well ventilated rooms. To unfortunate women who become victims of sin it affords shelter during the time of their confinement; aud helpless infants, abandoned by their heartless mothers, find there a home and a mother's care. CLEVELAND HOMCEOPATHIC HOSPITAL. Tills hospital is, as its name indicates, under the control of medical professors of the school of Homte- opathy, and is now, as it always has been, carried on as a private enterprise. The first hospital building was located on Willson avenue about 1860, but, after a few jears, the Homieopathic aud regular schools joining in the conduct of a union hospital, the Will- sou avenue institution was discontinued. The union was, however, short-lived and the Homo3opathic hospi- BENEVOLRNT INSTITUTIONS. 279 till Wiis revived in the buildings of the Humistoa Seminjirj' on thellights, where also the Ilomfpojiathic Hospital College was located. When the college was transferred to Prospect street the hos]>ital was located on IIiii-on street, near at hand, and continued its active functions until March, 1879, when the build- ing was removed to make place for a new hospital edifice now in process of erection, and so far advanced toward comi)letion that it will he occupied about the licgiiming of 1880. The new ho.spital building is of brick, and a re- markably handsome and striking piece of architec- ture. It will contain sixty beds, and will be supplied with the most jierfect of modern hospital appoint- ments. It is aimed to devote the institution to charity so far as may be found consistent with the design to make it self-supporting. CLEVELAND CITY HOSPITAL. The early history of this institution was somewhat exi)crinu'ntal and changeful. Its real work in the care of the sick and destitute poor commenced in lsi;9, in a small framed building at 83 Willson street. The president from that time has been Mr. H. B. Ilurlbut, whose unfailing interest and generosity have coutrilnited much to the life and growth of the Work. During the first year one hundred tind two patients were treated; the number of days of treatment being five thousand am] thirty-eight. During the year 1878 four hundred and forty-six jiaticnts were received, and the numl)er of days of treatment was fourteen thou.s- and three hundred and fifty eight. Under the press- ing need of larger accommodations, in the autumn of 1875, a lease of the Marine Hospital and grounds was procured from the United States government, and here the Cleveland City Hospital has since had its home. The ))Milding is of stone, three stories in hight, one huiulred and ten by ninety feet, and stands in the miilst of spacious grounds (five acres), handsomely laid out in lawn and terrace. 'I'he arrangement of wards and rooms provides sep- arately for each department — the charity and the pay patients. The private rooms for jiaying patients are 111 the second and third stories of the east and west wings. They are furnished with taste ami elegance, and contain all needful articles and appliances for the comfort of the sick. The institution has no endowment, and is largely tle])endent upon the generosity of the people for means to carry on its charitable work. On the lOth day of May, 187G, the hospital officers and numagers became a body corporate; Joseph Per- kins, president; E. C. Rouse, clerk, and seven trus- tees, M. B. Scott, (Jeorge B. Stanley, Henry Cliisholm, William B. Castle, W. J. Boardnuiu, II. C. Blossom and (i. W. Whitney. The expense of maintainancc for the year 1870 was eighteen thousand one hundred and thirty-six dollars; in 1877, thirteen thousand five hundred and .seven dollars and thirty-four cents; in 1878, fifteen thousand four hundred and sixteen dollars and thirty-six cents. The officers of the year 1879 are as follows: H. B. Ilurlbut, president; Mrs. S. Williamson, vice presi- dent; Isaac N. Himes, secretary; Mrs. Proctor Thayer, assistant secretary; II. C. Studley, treasurer; II. B. Hurlbut, Mrs. S. Williamson, George H. Ely, Mrs. M. II. Severance, II. R. Hatch, G. C. E. Weber, M.D., Proctor Thayer, M.D., trustees; Mrs. L. M. Hubby, Mr. D. P. Eells, Mrs. H. 15. Hurlbut, Mr. R. F. Smith, Mrs. T. T. Seelye, Mrs. George H. Ely, Mrs. William Sabin, Mrs. Charles Ilickox, Mrs. L. L. Lyon, Mrs. S. T. Hall, Mrs. James Barnett, Mrs. T. Bolton, Mrs. W. S. Streator, Mrs. I. N. Himes, Mrs. John Poole, Mrs. S. H. Douglass; Mrs. E. C. Pechin, Mrs. G. C. E. Weber, Mrs. W. C. North, Mrs. P. Roeder, Col. and Mrs. W. H. Harris, nrana- gers; Proctor Thayer, M.D., G. C. E. Weber, M.D.. John Bennitt, M.D., II. K. Gushing, M.D., consult- ing physicians and surgeons; I). B. Smith, M.D., occulist; J. E. Darby, M.D., I. N. Himes, M.D., H. W. Kitchen, M.D., F. J. Weed, JI.D., J. H. Low- man, M.D., H. H. Powell, M.D., visiting physicians and surgeons; Miss Eliza Mitchell, matron; J. R. Smith, M.D., house physician; C. L. Taylor, M.D., assistant house jjliysician. THE CLEVELAND PROTESTANT ORPHAN ASYLUM. The Cleveland Orphan Asylum was organized Jan- uary 33, 1853, at a meeting held for the purpose in the Stone Church; John M. Woolsey being chosen chairman. Rev. Dr. Aiken introduced a resolution that, "In view of the wants of this city, it is expe- dient to organize an orphan asylum in Cleveland,"' which was unanimously adojited. Messrs. John A. Foot, J. A. Briggs, B. Rouse, J. M. Iloyt, T. P. Handy and others were appointed a committee to prejiare a plan of organization for such an institution. This committee reported at another meeting held in the same place January 29th, presenting a plan which virtually placed the responsibility of further arrange- ments in the hands of a board of managers, consist- ing of the following ladies: Mrs. Elislia Taylor, Mrs. Rouse, Mrs. Philo Scovill, Mrs. S. J. Andrews, Mrs. J. K. Miller, Mrs. Henry W. Clark, Jlrs. Stillman Witt, Mrs. JI. H. Severance, Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict, Mrs. B. Stedman, Mrs. J. A. Harris and Mrs. A. H. Barney. These ladies went immediately to work to arrange the details of an asylum household, and in April, 1852, a framed house on the corner of Erie and Ohio streets having been leasere|iared l)y a eommittee of gentlemen appointed for the pm-pose. Tliis oonstitntion was aceejited at a meeting of the society. I'Vbruary 2'2. 1853, and the asylnm was regu- larly chartei-ed as an '"association incorporated for benevolent purposes. " Under the constitution tlie following ollicers were elected: Hon. S. J. Andrews, president; I'hilo Seovill, B. Rouse and Henry W. Clark, trustees; T. P. Handy, tivasni-er; Geo. A. Benedict, clerk. The board of nninagers who had been jn-evionsly acting were re- elected. The constitution jn-ovides that the officers of the asylum shall be chosen from different denominations of Protestant Christians, so that no one of them in particular shall have a preponderance in its councils. In October, 1875, a new and revised constitution was adopted, by which several important changes was made in the org;inization, and the word Protestant introduced into the name of the institution. In 1853 an acre of land Wiis donated by Rev. E. X. Sawtelle. on the corner of Kinsman street and Willsou avenue, for the purposes of an asylum. A building wa^ soon commenced, and was so far advanced in June. 1855, that the asylum family was removed to it from the dwelling house which it had for three years occu- pied. The revei-sionary interest in the laud was sub- sequently i-eleased to the institution. An additional acre adjoining w:is afterwards pnrehased by the asy- lum. During the first ten years of its existence the asy- lum was mainly de{>endent upon collections in small anuiunts solicited by the ladies of the board person- ally, from door to door. A small i>ernninent fund was contributed by benevolent gentlemen of tiie city. In Decentber, 1863, came the noble betjuest of Captain I^evi Sartwell, a gentleman who, in the conrse of a long residence in Cleveland, had by frug-ality and in- dustry amassed a competence, and who be<|ueathed his whole projterty to the asylum. In 1877 and "78, Mr. I^onard Case donated vjilna- ble tracts of land, together amounting to fonr and one-fourth acivs. on St, Clair street, as a site for a new asylnni bnilding, but the officers were, nntil 1878, in doubt su to the feasibility of incnrring the exi>ense of erecting a now building, when Mr. J. II. Wade generously donated to the society the sum of forty tbon.sand dollars for that purpose. Plans were carefully prejvired, and on the 30th day of Septeml>er of that year the fonndation was commenced. The work of building the new asylum is rapidly progress- ing, ami when completed it promises to be one of the most elegant and convenient buildings of its kind in the country. The surprise occasioned by these dona- tions had hrtixlly passed when another gift w;»s an- nounced from Dr. Alleyne Mayuard. as a memorial of his wife, for the pnri>ose of fitting up aiul main- taining the hospital department of the asylum. The beqnest of Capt^iin Saitwell, with the smaller gifts alluded to. constitute a permanent fund which is held by the trustees as a sacred trust, only the income of which is used for the current expenses of the asy- lum, and which is expended by the managers with watchful economy. The scope of the work at this institution embraces not only the care and maintainance of the orphans, but the provision of homes for them later on, among fam- ilies into which they are received asado]ited children, and in which they are moderately certain to jiush for- ward the work, nobly begun by the asylum — the work, namely, of fitting themselves to become useful and valued members of society. The first president of the board of trustees was Hon, S. J. Andrews, who served in that capacity until ISCit. when Mr. Philo Seovill was elected to that otlice. On the death of Mr. Seovill, in 1875, Mr. Joseph Perkins the present president, was elected. The otticers of the asylum are as follows: Henry Chishohn, Joseph Perkins, J. II. Wade, board of trustees; officers of the board — Joseph Perkins, president: Dan. P. Eells, treasurer: A. 11. Shunk, clerk. Maiutgers — Mrs. S. M. Hanna, Mrs. Harvey Rice. Mrs. Henry Chisholm, Mrs. .Moses Hill. Mrs. Jason Canfield, Mrs. William Rattle, Mrs. J. if. Hughes. Mrs. J. A. Harris. Mrs. Lorin Prentiss, Mrs, T. S. Paddock, Mrs. B. Rouse, Mi-s. N. W. Taylor, ilrs. O. W. Jones. Mrs. John Pool, Mrs. A. T.Slade. The officers of the managers and asylum are Mrs. B. Rouse, president; Mrs. S. M. Hanna, vice president; Miss Annie Walworth, secretary; Mr. A. H. Sliuuk. superintendent: Mrs. A. H. Shunk. matron; Miss M. J. Weaver and Mrs. 0. R. Wing, governesses; Dr. E. C. Thomas, physician. The asylum has at present seventy-five inmates. ST. VINl MXT'S OKl>nAX ASYLUM. St. Vincent's was founded in the fiill of 1852 by Rt. Rev. Aniadeus Riippe, bishop of Cleveland, who, feel- ing the need of an orphan asylum in his diocese, called on the Sisters of Charity (Mother Ursula being then Superior) to take charge of the orphan boys. Very Rev. L. DeGoesbriant, vicar-general, entering warmly into the views of the bishop, made an appeal to the Catholics of the county in behalf of the or- phans. In the city, a fair was held for the same j>ur- pose. The efforts of the worthy bishop and his vicar were ble^ed with success. A framed house, of two stories, was erected near the dwelling place of the Sisters of Charity, and on the -JOth of May. 1853. the fii-st orphan boy was received in the new ;v.sylum. He was soon joined by othei-s, but owing to the want of resources only eleven children were received previous to the 1st of January. 1854. During the ensuing year, however, forty-six were admitted. Fonr years later the number of children had so much increased that more accommodation was required, and in 1858 a large brick buildinsr was begun in the same location. ^^r^:^.^^^^. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 281 'I'lu' ii('\vns\limi Wiis nci'ii|iiril in 1S.">0, altliouyli iKil c'lil iri'ly <'iiiii|iU'lc(I: in fuel.. Iliu right wing was Mill put n|) until lSi;,"i. In 1SG7 an addition was made \o {\w main part in the rear of tlie chapel. Tlie total cost has been a little over twenty-two thousand dollars. A large debt was incurred, but through the generosity of the Catholics of the diocese it has been entirely paid. The oiphans received and cared for in this institution, down to January, 1879, numbered one thousand two hundred and seventy-two. At the jiri'sent time one hundred and eighty boys are shel- terecl beneath its roof. They are sujjported chiefly liy annual donations from Catholic farmers, increased by the i)roeeeds of fairs held yearly in the city in be- half of the orphans. .IKWrsiI OKPHAN ASVMM. This institution was opened for the reception of oijihan children Seiitembcr 39, 1808. The buildings and projierty formerly used as a Water Cure, on Wood- land avenue, were ]nirchased, at a cost of near thirty- two thousand dollars. At the expiration of about six months the building used for worship and school pur- poses was enlarged, to meet the wants of the rajiidlv increasing number of childi'cu in the a.sylnm. The first, ollieers of the institution were as follows: A. Aul), president; A. Weiner, vice president; J. Rohr- heimer, treasurer; William Kriegshaber, secretary; Henry (Jreenbaum and Isidor Bush, trustees; L. Au- frecht. superintendent; Mrs. L. Anfrecht, matron. Tiie number of children received during the first fiscal year was one hundred and thirty-three. The present number of inmates is two hundred and twenty- seven. These children coming from the districts two, six ami seven, I.O.O. B., rei)i'esentod, in 1878, the following States, according to the number a]>pended to each: Ohio, fifty-eight; Michigan, foui-teen; Wis- consin, eleven; .Minnesota, two; Illinois, twentv-ninc; Indiana, seventeen; Kentucky, seventeen; Tennessee, twenty-six; Alabanui, four; Mississij)]ii, seven; Louis- iana, three; Arkansas, three; Kansas, thi-ee; Missouri, twenty-six. There is now in course of erection a large and convenient sohool-building, suflicient to meet tiic necessities of the institution for many years to come. This building will cost, when completed, al)out twenty thousand dollais. Tlie financial situa- tidu of the asylum is highly complimentary to those having charge of its affairs. The entire funds and iiivestnionts of the inslitnlion aniuuiit to niiictv-l hrcc tiiousand four hundred and I wciity-luur dollars and fifty-three cents. Tlic ju-esent oflicers are as follows: A. Aub, presi- dent; A. Weiner, vice president; Jac. Rohrheimer, treasurer: Dr. S. Wolfensrein, secretary; Abram ITart, Gustavns licvi. David Adlcr, II. S. Ottenlicimer. Lazard Kalin, M. Sceli":, M. I'llman and L. A. Moss, trustees. The superintendent is L. Anfrecht; the matron is Mrs. L. Anfrecht; the ]ihysicians are Dr. M. Rosen wasser and l>r. Tli. r.iikci-. IIOMK Fdit TIIIC AGKD IMIOIi. This institution, the ninth of its kind in this country, was founded by Rt. Rev. Amadeus Rapjie, first bishoj) of Cleveland, in the year 1870. 'J'he Home is conducted by the members of the society of the Little Sisters of the Poor. The work of the " Ijittle Sisters" began at St. Servan, a small town of Brittany, on the western coast of France. Their la- bors are (tarried on in this country precisely as they are in Kiirope. Every day the sisters call at the vai-ious h<)t(ds. restaurants and private houses, soliciting alms and collecting cold victuals, coffee-grounds, tea, old clothing, etc., all of which are tui'ned to good use for the benefit of their aged inmates. There arc at ])res- ent one hundred inmates in the Home on Perry street, in this city, under charge of Mother St. Joseph, sujierior. TIIH HOUSE OF MATHUNITW This is located on Marion street, and is conducted by the Sisters of (Uiarity, of the Order of SI. Augus- tine. Sister St. Josejih is the sujierior. CLEVELAND HETIIEL UNION. The society of the Cleveland Bethel Union was in- corjiorHted January ."I, 18G7, for the purpose of car- rying on benevolent and mission work in the lower part of the city, and of establishing a home for sea- men, railroad men and other transient sojourners, where reasonable accommodations could be offered at a very moderate compensation. In 18C8 the society purchased the building and premises on the corner of Sujierior and Union streets. This location is central, and the building and surroundings are admirably adajited to the charitable work of the union. The incorjiorators were eighteen in number, from whom nine trustees were chosen, viz.: Loren Prentiss, W. B. Ciiyles, W. B. (iastle, Horace Benton, E. C. Pope, (i. P. Burwell, (;. H. Ely, J. D. Rockefeller and H. R. Hatch. The various deiiartments or branches of work un- der control of the union, and directed by sub-comniit- tces of the general organization, are: First, relief, under the management of the Bethel Relief Associa- tion; second, the Sunday school and mission work: third, the Bethel Home. The dejiartment of relief work was at the outset limited to the biwcr jiart of the city and to jirovision for transient cases in the Home, liiit the jiulilic be- came so accustomed to sending applicants for hclji to the society that in March, 187.S, this work was made to embrace the whole city; aiming to disjieuse with some of the many relief societies by having one cen- tral organization, through which all distributions should be made. This branch was accordingly placed under the charge of a large committee of ladies and gentlemen, with visiting committees for each ward, and a siib-commiltee having charge of the work in detail. At the Home, rooms have lieeii jiropared for dis- 282 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. triljution of cloUiing and supplies, and for furnishing nou'ri.shing refreshments to the destitute poor during tlie winter months. An emjiloyment office has also been opened, and every effort is made to provide situations for all worthy applicants. A temporary home for women and girls, and free bunk lodgings for men of worthy character applying for shelter, have been provided. The relief department is under charge of Samuel Jol), Buperintendent, who has acceptably filled that posi- tion since 1873. This work of relief is confined to the worthy poor, not otherwise provided for, who through sickm ss, accident or other misfortune, require temporary s- sistance. The plan and principles acted upon have proved eminently successful, and the results are ac- knowledged as examples of efficient and well-directed benevolence. . The principal mission work of the Union is devoted to a Sabbath school, gathered mainly from among the poor, having an average attendance of about five hundred. A committee of ladies hold weekly meet- ings during the spring, fall and winter months, and distribute clothing to the needy children of the school. A girls' sewing school, with an average attendance of about one hundred, meets every Saturday aftei'noon during the winter. In addition to these, and as a part of the mission work families are visited, devotional exercises are held at the Home at least twice each week, and the subjects of personal religion, temper- ance and uprightness are earnestly presented. The Home department comprises the genei-al man- agement of the Bethel building, on the corner of Su- perior and Union streets, under the sujierintendence of Thomas Braggins. The revenue derived from the rent of the lower portion of the building is used for the purpose of the Union. The dining-room depart- ment IS more than self-sustaining. A library, with a moderate supply of books, has been provided for the use of the patrons of the home. At the time of the organization of the Union, Loren Prentiss was elected president, and has occupied that position without intermission to the present day. The present officers of the Union are as follows: Loren Prentiss, president; E. C. Pope, secretary; C. W. Lepper, treasurer; L. Prentiss, G. E. Herrick, W. H. Harris, W. B. Guyles, D. P. Eells, executive committee; L. Prentiss, H. R. Hatch, D. P. Eells, Dr. U. Houltz, G. E. Herrick, E. P. Morgan, T. D. Crocker, W. B. Guyles, S. L. Severance, George P. Burwell, Rev. R. Dubbs, William Bowler, W. H. Doan, Samuel Andrews, W. II. Harris, trustees. YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. About 1850 a Young Men's Christian Association was organized in Cleveland, and fixed its location on Superior street where commodious reading rooms, a valuable library, etc., offered many advantages to the rising youth, and conferred numerous benefits on the communitv. The association flourished until the breaking out of the war for the Union, when, as nearly all of the members entered the military service, the society lapsed inio inactivity and finally became de- funct. Soon after the close of the war, however, in ISGO, the present Young Men's Christian Association was organized, and occupies to-day a very prominent place among similar organizations in America, In 1872 the association ])urchascd the building No. 70, north side of Monumental Square, and has occui)ied it since that time. It is neatly and conveniently furnished, with chapel, reading rooms and music rooms, parlors, committee rooms, etc. Tliere is a free reading room for the public, as well as one for the members. Union prayer meetings are held daily at noon, and young men's prayer meetings every Saturday evening. Tills association was the first one of its kind to en- gage in si)ecial work on behalf of railway employees; in 1872, it opened in the Union Passenger Depot at Cleveland a railway reading room, which still serves many valuable purposes. Connected also with the association is the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home, where these youthful laborers are not only lodged, but taught in Sunday and night schools — a most worthy and commendable work. The officers of the associ- ation for 1879 are J. B. Meriam, president; C. J. Dockstader, corresponding secretary; G, W. Crozicr, recording secretary; T. M. Irwin, registering secre- tary; C. H. Fuller, treasurer. women's christian ASSOCIATION. On the 20th of October, 1868, at the close of the State convention of the Young Men's Christian Association, the president, Mr. H. T. Miller, issued a call request- ing the Christian women of Cleveland to meet and forma society "which should do for too in en as the Young Men's Association was doing for w/fw." The response was general and hearty; so large was the meeting that the old hall at the corner of Superior and Seneca streets was crowed to its utmost capacity. Three weeks later an adjourned meeting was held, at which the society was formally organized. Tiie first official directory of the "Women's Chris- tian Association" reads as follows: Miss Sarah E. Fitch president; Mrs. 0. K. Huntington, Mrs. Geo. W. Whitney, Mrs. Ira Clark, Mrs. S. F. Smith, Mrs. C. W. Lepper, Mrs. Jno. Coon, vice presidents; Mrs. A. W. Fairbanks, corresponding secretary; Mrs. C. E. Bolton, recording secretary; Miss Ann White, treasurer; Mrs. L. Austin, Mrs. Jas. Barnett, Miss May E. Baldwin, Mrs. L. F. Mellen, Mrs. D. P. Eells, Mrs. A. T. Osborn, Mrs. W. H. Keith, :\rrs. W. P. Cooke, Mrs. D. Houtz, Mrs. W. Mittleberger, Mrs. 0. B. Skinner, Mrs. Geo, Puslcy, Mrs, George L, Chapman, Mrs. S. H. Sheldon, Mrs. P. B. Clajip, Mrs. James W. Clark, directors. In Api'il, 1800, the Association was regularly in- corporated under an act passed March 30, 18(1-1, en- titled "an act for the relief of benevolent and char- itable associations managed by women.'' In 1878 the BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 283 increased woi'k required additioiiiil measures of secu- rity, and a special act of the legislature was passed fur lliat purpose. The first practical work was the orgaiiizutiou of a committee for missionary labor. This committee now numbers twelve ladies, to each of whom special duties are assigned. One cares for the Sabbath visitations at tiie City Hospital, and another at tlie Huron street Hospital; two on alternate Saturdays visit the Work- iiouse, wliere prayer is offered, hymns sung and Bible lessons explained. Three members make semi- miindily visits to the Infirmary, to read the Bibleand give religious instructions. Two others conduct weekly prayer-meetings at the Retreat. A mother's meeting wiis established in February, 1876, and is held each Friday afternoon in the chapel of the Young lien's Christian Association. Here garments are made and sold at a low price. The establishment of a Provident Fund is one of the recent measures adopted by the association. Each |ioor woman is encouraged to place, eacli week, in the hands of one of the ladies, such a sum as she may be alile to save from her earnings, of which an account is kept, and the amount is held for her benefit in case of need. 'I'lie BddrditKj Iloine. — Early in the history of the llic association, the conviction was forced upon its members of the necessity of establishing a boarding home, where respectable young women, dependent u|iou their own exertions, could find shelter, protec- tion and the infiuences of a Christian home. TJie committee for that purpose, in the winter of 1868-1), made temporary arrangement with a woman on Lake street, to receive such girls into her house at a moderate comjjcnsation. In the spring of 1869 ilr. Stillinan Witt j>urchascd for the association proj)erty on Walnut street, for the purpose of a home. Other citizens contributed liberally, and the building was enlarged, repaired and adapted to the uses intended. Churches and individuals jirovidedfor its furnishing, and on the llth of November following it was ready for occupancy. In the spring of 1872 Mr. Witt pur- chased the lot adjoining, and by the erection of a new front the cajiacity of the building was increased from twenty to more than fort}-. These apai'tnients are conveniently arranged and neatly furnished. The l)rice of board ranges from tliree to four and one-half dollars per week. Till! lletri'dt. — Another institution maintained l)y the association, is the "Retreat," which was opened in .Inne, 1867, at 267 Perry street, where it continued four years. Tiie rent of the house was paid during these years by Mr. Joseph Perkins. In August, 1872, M V. Leonard Case presented to the association a large lot of land on St. Clair street, better adapted for the IHuposes of a Retreat than the Perry street property. For the purpose of constructing a substantial build- ing, Mr. Perkins then contributed ten thousand dol- lars. By means of this gift, and by the assistance of other generous friends, the present healthful and at- tractive structure was erected, being presented, free of debt, to the association in November, 1873. The Earnest Worker. — In tiie spring of 1874, the Committee on Ways and Means decided to publish a monthly pajier, having in view two objects: To es- tablish a medium of communication, which the grow- ing work of the association demanded, and to secure a source of revenue. The first number of the Earnest Worker accord- ingly appeared in .Tune following. A l)rief notice of it will be found in the '"Press" chaj)ter of the general history. Home for Aged Women. — Another important work condncted by the association is the management of the Home for Aged Women on Kennard street. In the latter jjart of 1876 a commodious building was erected by Mr. Amasa Stone, and conveyed to five trustees, to be used as a home for aged Protestant women. The management of this institution and an annual income of one thousand dollars, also provided by Mr. Stone, were offered to the association and ac- cepted. An executive committee of seven ladies, from as many Protestant churches, was appointed to take general charge of the Home. This house like the others has been beautifully furnished by churches and individuals. It was formally o])ened July 1-1, 1877. From the organization of the Women's Christian Association to the present time. Miss Sarah Fitch has held the position of president. . The present officers of the association are as fol- lows: Miss Sarah E. Fitch, president; Mrs. Lewis Burton, Mrs. R. R. Sloan, Mrs. J. R. Mills, Jlrs. S. W. Adams, Jlrs. E. Curtis, Mrs. J. R. Twitchell, vice presidents; Mrs. William W. Butler, recording secretary; Mrs. William M. Meriam, corresponding secretary; Miss C. M. Leonard, treasurer; Mrs. L. Austin, Mrs. J. Barnett, Mrs. L. 0. Comau, Mrs. D. P. Eells, Mrs. James (iaibraith, Mrs. 0. E. Hunting- ton, Mrs. II. -M. Ingham, Miss R. H. Selden, Mrs. M. P. Adams, Mrs. B. W. Jenness, Mrs. C. W. Lepper, Jlrs. B. T. Noakes, Mrs. A. A. Nelson, Mrs. W. S. Porter, Mrs. J, S. Prather, Mrs. A. H. Potter, Mrs. William Sabin, Mrs. E. C. Standart, ilrs. G. B. Senter, Miss A. Walworth, Mrs. A. A. Thorne, Mrs. George Whitney, J[rs. S. W'illiamson, Mrs. Horace Wilkins, directors; Josej)!! Perkins, Henry Chisholm, 1). P. Kells, John Thomas, Dr. W. S. Strea- torand Samuel K. Williamson, trustees; Col. H. Har- ris, auditor. WO.ME.V's IIIIUSTIAX rKMI'KKANfE LEAGUE. This truly benevolent society was organized on the i;Jlli day of March, 1874. The purposes of the League are very aiijiroiiriately exjircssed in the pledge adopted by the organization, which reads as follows: " We, the Christian women of Cleveland, feeling that the use of intoxicating li(|Hors has reached a de- gree no longer to be endured, do promise, by the Iielp of God, to use our utmost endeavors to banisli this 284 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. evil from our midst, and, in oi'der tliat our work may be more thoroughly done, we form the Women's Tem- perance League of Cleveland. And we hereby pledge ourselves to discourage, in all possible ways, the use of anything wliicli can intoxicate; and, in order to strengthen our influence in this regard, we promise not to use wine, beer, or any distilled liquors, as a beverage, and not to furnish them for social enter- tainments." First in order of importance are the three Friendly Lins, under the control of the League, besides which thei'e are three others which are conducted independ- ently. All are locdted advantageously for the work. Connected with five of the six are restaurant and lodging dejiartments, where needy or intemperate men, desiring to reform their lives, can find good meals and comfortable beds at low prices. The luns under control of the League are the Kiver Street Friendly Inn, organized April ^4, 1874, by the River Street Praying Band; the St. Clair Street Friendly Inn, organized June 15, 1874, by the ladies of the Fifth and Seventh Ward Praying Bands, and the Central Place Frienly Inn, organized September 7, 1874. Auxiliary to the League, and directly and in- directly connected with it as the increase. and out- growth of the League work, are the following organ- izations: The East Cleveland reading and morning prayer-meeting room, 'established' April, 1874; tlie Collinwood chapel, organized with a Sabbath school May 5, 1874; the East Miidison avenue ch.; T. J. Tuwson, tyler; il. Cleave and U. Gray, stewards; L. 1'. Eldridge, organist; George U. Adams, trustee. The membership numbers two hundred and thirty persons. Stated communications are held in Masonic Hall, Case block, on the first and third Tuesdays of each month. IK IS LOIXiE. This society, No. 22!l, I' and A M, was organized October 22, 1852. The lirst officers were A. i). Bige- low, W. M.; W. H. Beaumont, S. W.; Robert Reiley, J. W. The names of the Past Masters, since the or- ganization, have been as follows: A. D. Bigelow, E. II. Griswold, H. A. Hough, R. Creighton, H. C. Ranney, P. Thatchei-, Jr., G. li. Burt, E. A. Hop- kins, George W. Berry, Allan T. Brinsniade, B. D. Bab- cock, Robert Harding, J. M. Booth, Samuel Briggs. The following are the present officers: E. D. Page, W. i\I.; N. W. Chamberlain, S. W.; J. C. Heath, J. W.; Thomas Larter, S. D.; C. 1). Collin.s J. D. ; (ieorge A. Wright, treasurer; C. H. Garstiu, secre- tary; W. A. Lyon, tyler. This lodge is the largest in the Slate, having a mem- bership of three hundred, and is gradually increas- ing in numbers. The meetings are iield on thesecond and fourth Mondays of each month in Masonic Hall, Case block. BIGELOW LODGE. Bigelow Lodge, No. 24:i, F. and A. M., was organ- ized under a warrant or dispensation October 20, 1853, but was not granted a charter until October 17, 1854. The first officers were: Gaston (i. Allen, W. M.; Samuel W. Odell, S. W.; Alonzo Eldridge, J. W. ; C. C. Stevens, S. 1).; Steiihen Buhrer, J. D. ; IL L. Wiiitman, treasurer; A. IL Dubrey, secretarv; L. W. Wollciineber, tyler. The following members have served as Worshipful Masters, with the terms of service of each: (i. G. Allen, October 20, 1853, to Deccmlier 24, ISoiJ; iMonzo Eldridge, December, 1856, to December, 1857; (i. er.-i si\iy-live. Stated fominuniciitioiis held in Masonic Ilall, Case l)li)ek, on liie tirst and third Wednesdaysof eaeli niontli. 'I'he following are the jirescnt otficers: W. T. Roh- hiiis. W. M.: David Morison, S. W.; S. S. West, J. \V. ; i-'rank iJrcw.ster, treasurer; Ed. B. Bander, sco- re l;arv: .M. .1. iiiiwrence, S. D. ; B. Dettlebaeh, J. D.; Rev. A. R. I'aliner, chaj)lain; J. E. Bryan, W. C. Fair, stewards; M. Buchinaiin, tyler. WKST SinF. LODGE. West Side fjodgc No. 408 was organized under dis- |iriisation Decenilicr 28, 1874, and under charter N'livenilx'i' S. LSI."), with forty-two charter menilicrs, including I ho following (lOicers: F. W. Pelton, W. M.: E. R. (Joodrich, S.W.; S. J. Lewis, J.W.; S. C. Lewis, treasnrer; Frank Wright, secretary; Geo. II. Willis, S.I).; Geo. W. Glines, J.D.; M. P. McGregor, steward; Michael Apj), steward; Edward Lindsloy, tyler. Stated meetings are held on the second and fourth Mondays of each month, in Proheck's Hall, West Side. The oiScers for 1870 were M. P. McGregor, W.^L; M. F. Ellis, S.W.; L. W. Day, J.W.; Geo. W. Glines, treasurer; Frank Wright, secretary; Thos. Liggel, S.l).; V. II. Morgan, J.D.; L. T. Denuison, tylcT. * ELLSWORTH LODGE. Ellsworth Lodge No. 505 was organized in 1S05, and has now a membership of sixty. The lodge meets at its hall in Miller's Block, South Side, on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month. The officers f.u- 1870 were C. J. Forbes, W.M.; J. H. Ni.xon,, S. W. : Wni. C'ullen, J.W. ; J. 0. Hemmeter, treasurer; Win. Norsworthy, secretary; Daniel Postance, S.I).; G. L. Pierce, J.D.; W. W. Hathaway and John Norsworthy, stewards; Clias. Bierer, marshal; W. A. Lathroi). tylei'. WOODVVAKD LODGK. Woodward Lodge No. 508, F. and A. ^L, was or- ganized under dispensation March 4, 1875, bnt did not receive a charter until October following. The first olVicers were: George A. Bemis, W. M.: ('. II. Ostrander, S. AV. ; Hugh Buckley, J. W. ; E. M. Avery, S. D. ; W. A. NefT, J. D.; A. II. Stone, treas- urer; W. J. Bradshaw, secretary; G. B. llendershot, tyler. The persons elected to the position of Worshipful Master since organization liave been as follows: G. A. Bemns, 1S75; Hugh Bneklcy, lS7fi; 0. F. Gibbs, Is; 7. All oflicers are elected annually. Stated com- niunieations are held on the second and fonrth Wednesday of each month at No. 1038 Euclid ave- nue. This lodge numbers at present fifty-nine metn- bers. The present oflicers are: (ieorge A. Bemis, W. M.: H. P. Atwood, S. W.: II. C. White, J. W.; A. II. Stone, treasurer; W. J. Bradshaw, secretary; L. B. Snow, S. I).; H. ('. Ferris, J. D. ; Z. R. Cornwall and M. I!. Gary, stewards; G. B. Hendershoi. tyler. WEisn farAi'iKii. The organization of Webb Chapter No. H, Royal Arch Masons, daies from the 18th of January, 182(1, A. Inv. 2350, when a petition was jn'csented to the State Grand Chapter for a disjiensation. This being granted, Reuben Smith was appointed high |)riest; Comp. J. Hubbell, K; Comp. Matthew Williams, scribe. The first regitlar meeting under this warrant was held February It!, 182G, at Comp. I). Mcintosh's Hall, when six brethren were advanced to the degree of mark master. On the 21st of February the M. E. II. P. appointed Comp. M. Oviatt, secretary. At the meeting held December 12, 182(J, the chapter elected the following officers. E. Smith, II. P; M. Oviatt. K.; A. Abel, 8. On January 8, 1828, the chapter finally succumbed to the anti-masonic excitement and was not revived until January 23, 1842, when it was again opened under the authority of a dispensation appointing A. D. Smith, II. P.; T. A. Ingraham, K.; S. F. Clary, S. The succession of High Priests has been Reuben Smith, 182G, temporary appointee, afterwards at an- nual election in December was elected for one year; J. Sizer, 1827; A. D. Smith, 1842, under appointment January 22, 1842; T. A. Ingraham elected October 27, 1842, to serve until December following. S. F. Clary, 1843 to 1853; H. C. Kiugsley, 1852; R. P. Spaulding, 1853; E. R. Griswold, 1854; R. Creigh- tou, 1855; 0. A. Hough, 1856; Peter Thatcher, 1857 -8; A. C. McNairy, 1850-G0-1-3: Charles A. Wood- ward, 18G3-4-5-6-7; E. A. Hopkins, 18G8; George H. Adams, 18G9-70; E. B. Chamberlain, 1871; C. A. Woodward, 1872-3; G. W. Berry, 1874-5; W. B. Hillman, 187G; George A Wright, 1877-8-9. The ])resent officers are (ieorge A. Wright, JI. E. H. P.; James R. Goldson, E. K. ; Charles R. Butler, E. S.; William Wilkshire, C. H.; L. A. WHlIson, P. S.; Thomas Larter, R. A. C. ; M. J. Lawrence, G. M. 3d v.; John H. Asplin, G. M. 2d Y.; C. D. Collins, G. M. 1st v.; C. E. Stanley, treasurer; Sam. Briggs, secretary; Wni. A. Lyon, guard. Present number of members three hundred and fifty. Stated convocations are held in Masonic Hall. Ca.se block, on the first and third Tliursdays of each month. TIIATCHER CIIAr'TER. Thatcher Chajiter, No. 101, of Royal Arch Mjisons, working uiuler authority of a warrant or dis]>ensation granted by the (irand High Priest of the Grand Chap- ter of Ohio, was (H-ganizcd April 25, 18G7, having twenty-two charter members. The first officers were as follows: Peter Thatcher. M. E. H. P.; E. T. Ell.s- worth, E. K.; F. W. Pelton. ]•;. S. The succession of ^f. E. H. P., from organization, is as follows: Peter Thatcher, 18G7; E. T. Ellsworth, 288 THE CtTY OF CLEVELAND. 18G8-0; F. W. Peltoii, 1870; J. E. Rol)insoii, 1871; S. F. Langell, 1872; IL F. Pcrcival, 1873; J. M. Tl]ori)e, 1874; George A. Bemis, 1875; W. H. Ead- cliff, 1870; C. H. Ostrander, 1877; E. K. Oo(xlnch, 1878; 0. G. Allen, 1879. Stated convocatious are lield in Masonic Ilall, Frank- lin avenne, on the second and fourth Fridays of each month. The Chapter has at present two hundred and seven members. The present officers are G. G. Allen, M. E. H. P.; M. P. McGregor, E. K.; L. T. Dennison, E. S. ; M. App, C. n. ; F. McXess, P. S. ; T. Liggett, R. A. C. ; J. C. Weideinan, treasurer; J. H. Snow, secretary; C. G. Williams, G. M. 3d V.; T. S. Ingra- hani, G. M. 2d V.; A. Andrews, G. M. 1st V.; W. Caldwell, guard. BAKEIl CHAPTER. Baker Chapter No. 139, R. A. M., was organized January 1, 1875, with ten charter members. Stated convocations arc held in Masonic Hall on Broadway, on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month. The lodge has now a membership of sixty, and is in a flourishing condition. The officers for 1879 were C. P. Jcwett, M. E. H. P.; E. L Freeman, E. K.; J. 1). Runals, E. S.; G. E. Dunbar, C. H.; C. L. TIcath, P. S.; J. B. Corlett, R. A. C; Frank Cler- n.ond, a. M. 3rd V.; Eljas Shepard, G. M. 3nd V.;AV. H. Lamprocht, -f}. M. ' 1st V.; G. G. Ilick- os, treasurer; H. P. BrG>w.n,. secretary; A. J. Wells, guard. CLEVELAND COUNCIL. Cleveland Council No. 3(1, E. and S. M., was or- ganized January 21, 1805, with the following officers: E. A. Hopkins, T. J. M.; C. A. Woodward, 1). M.; G. H. Adams, P. C. W. ; Edward Bud wig, treasurer; D. E. Field, recorder: G.W. Berry, C. G. Thechief presiding officers down to 1879 have been E. A. Hop- kins, C. A. Woodwai-d, 0. Hayward, G. W. Berry and G. A. Wright. The officers for 1879 are George A. Wright, T. I. M.; 0. Hayward, D. M.; William Wilkshire, P. C. W.; C. A. Woodward, treasurer; C. D. Collins, re- corder; L. A. Willson, C. G. The membership in August, 1879, was two hundred and three. Stated assemblies are held in .Masonic hall, Ca.se block, on the second Tuesilay of each month. ORIENTAL COMMANDERY. Oriental Commandery No. 13, Knights Templar, Wits organized July 25, 1851, with the following per- sons as the first officers: A. D. Bigelow, W. H. Beau- mont, E. Kiugsley, Robert Riley, Jr., H. A. Hough, Robert Riley, Sr., J. W. Afilligan. The chief officers with their terms of service have been as follows: A. D. Bigelow, Eminent Commander, 1851-2-3; W. H. Beaumont, 1854; Edward R. Gris- wold, 1855-C-7; Richard Creighton, 1858-9-00; Albert C. McNairy, 1801; Hemau Ely, 180-2-3-4-5: Edgar A. Hopkins, 1806-7; Charles A. Woodward, 1868-9; ElishaT. Ellsworth, 1870-1; B. D. Babcock, 1872- 3-4; G. H. Adams, 1875; B. D. Babcock, 1876-7: J. M. Booth, 1878. Stated assemblies are held in the asylum. Case block, on the first Monday of each month. The present membership numbers two hundred and fifty. The officers for the year 1879, are as follows: Sir C. E. Stanley, E. C; Sir S. Sickels, Gen.; Sir J. N. Frazee. Capt. Gen.; Rev. Sir. J. J. A. Morgan, Prelate; Sir A. S. Honk, S. W.; Sir J. W. Gibbons, J. W.; Sir G. A. Wright, Treas.; Sir S. M. Stone. Rec. ; Sir Geo. Sherman, standard bearer; Sir J. R. Golson; sword bearer; Sir M. D. Luehrs, warder; Sir W. A. Lyon, sentinel; Sir E. D. Page, Sir C. R. Butler, Sir Tbos. Liggett, guards. nOLTROOD COMMANDERY. This Commandery (No. 32, Knights Templar) was granted a dispensation Septembar 10, 1877, and or- ganized January 20, 1878, working under dispensa- tion until November 8, 1878, when the commandery was d,uly constituted. Its officer.s are George A. Baker, CDiinent com- mander; Samuel Brigg.s, generalissimo; George W. Short, captain general; A. C. Miller, prelate; Charles W. Wesley, senior warden; Horace AV. Hubbard, junior warden; Orville P. Skinner, treasurer; George W. Howe, recorder; Lucien Hills, standard bearer; David McClaskey, warder. ELIADAH GKAND LODfiE OF PERFECTION. The Eliadah Grand Lodge of the Ancient Scottish Rite was organized May 27, 1859. The charter mem- bers were elected to the respective offices of the lodge. Those members, six in number, were as follows: Petin- Thatcher, Jr., Edward R. Griswold, Albei't C. McNairy, Theodore Ross, David E. Field, Richard Creighton. The succession of grand masters from the organization has been as follows: Peter Thatcher, Jr., from May 27, 1859, to February 19, 1800; E. A. Plopkins, from February 19, 1860, to January 4. 1868; C. A. Woodward, from January 4, 1808, to February 8, 1875; J. M. Booth, from February 8, 1875, to Febrnary 0, 1878; C. A. Woodward was again elected G. M., February 0, 1878. The present officers are C. A. Woodward, T.-.P;. G.-.M.-. ; E. D. Page, D.-.G.-.M;. ; F. A. Morse, V.-.S.-.G.-.W.-. ; C. R. Butler, V.-.J.-.G.-.W.-. ; Rev. B. F. Brook, G.-.O.-. ; B. D. Babcock, G.-.T;. ; S. M. Stone, G.-.S;.K.-. of the S:. and A.-. ; Sara. Briggs, G.-.M.-. of C.-. J. W. Gibbons, G.-.C;. of the G.-. ; W. H. Parker, G.-.H.-.B.-. ; \Y. A. Lyon, G;.S.-. The lodge has a membership of one hundred and eighty-two, and meets on the first Saturday of each month at Masonic Hall, Case building. BAHIRIM COUNCIL, PRINCES OF JERUSALEM. This Council was organized June 15, 1859. The first officers of the Council were Albert C. McNairy, <^x?^^ /^c<.y-^Ji,.^^ ODD FELLOWS AND KNIGHTS OP PYTHIAS. 289 S. 1'. (i. M.: I'ekT Thiilclior, (!. H. P.: Kicliiinl (Jri'iglilon. S. (i. W.: David E. Field, J. urt, S.-.I';.(I;.M.-. ; Charles A. Woodward, (J.. H.. P.'. ; Ed- ward l». Page, S.-.G.-.W.-. ; Geo. A. Wright, J.-.(i.-. W.-. ; Hrenton 1). Haheock, G.'.Treas.'. ; Fre^: lS5!i. John S. -Martin and J. M. Bhu-kliiini; ISCl), William J. Rhodes and Thomas 1). Clliristian; 1801, David G. Habon and William ^'app; 1802, A. S. Allen and S. C!. Hurd; 1803, William Wood and Frederick Dalton; 1804, Matthew Wil.'^on and S. A. Haven; 1805, Ilenrv P.owlcy and B. McGrath; 1800, Nathan Carnigie and .1. S. Peiley; 1807, F. U. Humphrey and 'J'homas Simmons; 1808, S. W. Howe and John H. Richard- son; 18, and now numbers twenty-eight members, witli the following officers: Joiui E. Darby, N. G. ; Tliomas E. Johnson, V. G. ; A. Bartholomew, secretary; Henry Graham, P. S. ; P. II. Repp, T. Regular meetings are held every Monday evening at the corner of St. Clair and Phelps streets. NORTH WING ENCAMPMENT. Nortli Wing Encampment No. 88, I. 0. 0. F., was organized July 30, 1862. The officers now are Wdliam E. Starling, C. P.; Henry Folliett, S. W.; G. M. Kinsey, J. W.; William H. Price, Jr., II. P.; J. L. Shephard, 1st W. ; A. A. Wenhani, 2d W. ; A. II. Weed, 3d W.; William McGehan, 4th W.; P. W. Dracket, 1st G. of T.; C. M. Ilurlbert, 2d G. of T.; John Cowle, T. The membership is now one hundred and eighty; the place of meeting (every Wednesday evening) be- ing at Odd Fellows Ilall, corner of Pearl and Church streets. IIARMONIA ENCAMPMENT. Ilarmonia Encampment, I. 0. 0. F., was organized May 8, 1872, with twenty-seven mendjers, and has now twenty-nine. The officers are John Oswald, C. P.; Franz Frankie, ¥. S. ; Daniel Maeder, T. ; L. Poplowsky, II. P. Regular meetings are held at 34 Public S(pnire, tlie second and fourtli Tuesdays of each month. LAKE SHORE LODGE (KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS). Lake Shore Lodge No. 6, K. of P., was organized May 25, 1869. Its first officers were W. H. Jones, C. C; Thomas Axworthy, V. C; F. W. Pelton, P.; W. J. Ranney, K. of R. and S. ; H. J. Webb, M. of F. ; Tliomas Willows, M. of E. ; Charles II. Babcock, M. at A.; F. Hoffman, I. G.; J. L. Sheppard, 0. G. The lodge has at present a membership of two hun- dred and eleven. Regular meetings are held each Tuesday evening in Root's block. Pearl street, corner of Detroit. The i)resent officers are as follows: George KeifFer, P. C. Charles A. W. Rice, C. C. ; R. D. Ui-degraff, V. ('.; Judson Pratt, P.; 0. H. P. Hicks, M. of E.; F. W. Davis, M. of F.; Charles B. Dole, K. of R. and S. ; George C. Kreek, JI. at A.; Fred. A. Smith, 1. G. ; J. L. Sheppard, 0. G. WASHINGTON LODGE (K. OF P.). Washington Lodge No. 10, was organized August 8, 1869. There are now one hundred and twenty-six members, and the officers are C. J. McDowell, P. C. ; E. H. Gault, C. C; Louis Black, V. C; Samuel Ward, P.; E. W. Cooper, K. of R. & S.; Thomas Tibbitt, M. of F.; W. B. Rich, M. of E.; E. W. God- dard, M. at A.; Louis Stanton, I. G.; M. E. Kava- nagh, 0. G. 292 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Kcgular meetings are held every Friday evening at tlie corner of Ontario and High streets. HERM.\SN LODGE (K. OF P.). Hermann Lodge No. 40, K. of 1'., was organized December 11, 1871, willi the following officers: Chas Saeltzer, C. C; J. N. Wagner, V. C; Phillip L. Baum, K. of E. and S.; Christ. Marten, M. of F.; .John Gerloch, M. of E.; J. C. "Weideman, M. at A.; J. Unkrich, L G.; J. C. Ferbert, 0. G. Kegular meetings are held each Tuesday evening at Castle Hall, No. 303 Pearl street. The i)rescnt officers are C. V. Paeltzer, P. C. ; J. C. Ferbert, C. C; H. "W. AVeidemaun, V. C; A. IL Gehriug, P.; John Hcheniermann, K. of K. and 8.; J. N. Wagner, M. of F. ; J. J. AVeidemann, M. of E. ; A. Cardis, M. at A.; F. Woodworfh, L G., George Eiber, O. G. STANUAUU LODliE (K. OF P.). Standard Lodge No. 46, K. of P., was instituted June 17, 1872, with the following officers: E. AV. Johns, P. C!. ; Thomas James, C. C. ; Robert Hearst, V. C; AVm. E. Edwards, K. of E. and S.; George Thomas, M. F. : AVilliam McKinze, M. E.; H. J. Bullock, M. A.: David Y. James, I. G.; C. Q. Scott, O. G. This Lodge has a membershiji of one hundred and seventeen. Regular meetings are held every Thurs- day night at No. 2509 Broadway. The present officers are Hugh Wright, P. C. ; Frank R. Shattuck, C. C; Matthew AVright, V. C; James McKay, P.; Peter J. Dolsen, K. of R. and S.; John E. Coleman, M. F. ; Thomas Thompson, M. E. ; Jo- seph Hillier, M. A.; D. F. Lockhart, L G.; Thomas Richardson, 0. G. CLEVELAND LODGE (K. OF P.). Cleveland Lodge No. 01, Knights of Pythias, was organized October 7, 1873, witli sixteen charter mem- bers, from whom the following officers were elected: Martin Maurer, P. C. ; A. Schwarz, C. C. ; Vincent Schafer, V. 0. ; Fred Hamm, P.; Charles Breves, K. of E. and S.; Henry Hoehn, M. of F.; A. E. Dehler, K. of E.; Henry M. Holzworth, L G.; Gottlieb Scheuei'man, 0. G. Eegular meetings are held every AA^ednesday evening at Saal's Hall, corner Lake and Ontario streets. The lodge has ninety members enrolled and in good stand- ing. At the last grand lodge session held at Steu- benville, Ohio, A. B. Schelleutrager, of Cleveland lodge, was appointed and confirmed Deputy Grand Master of the State, by the State Grand Chancellor. 'J'his is the only entirely German Lodge of Knights of Pythias in Cuyahoga county. In May, 1879, the lodge formed the fifth degree of the Cliivalric Order, a "Uniform Division " called " Cleveland Division, No. 8," composed of thirty-five members, under com- mand of Maj. C. W. Kraus. The present officers are as follows: C. C. Schelleu- trager, P. C; William Trinkner, C. C; A. Schild- hauer, V. C. : A. Schaefer, P. ; A. Popowsky, K. of R. and S.; Ph. Hollander, M. of F.: Henry Klaus, K. of E.; Franz Eiche, M. at A.; Henry Gueutzler, I. G. ; Fred. A'ogt, O. G. OWATOXXA LODGE (iv. OF P.). Owatonna No. 62 was organized in 1873 with twen- ty-one charter members. It has now a membership of ninety, with the following officers: Herbert Hill, C. C; 6. 0. Butler, V. C. : G. II. AVadsworth, P.; G. C. Quiutrel, M. of F. : F. A. AVadsworth, M. of E.; P. Englet, M. at A.: William Henderson, P. C: Thomas Rowell, K. of R. and S. Regular meetings are held in Rock's block, corner of AVillson and Wood- land avenues, every AVednesday evening. SOUTH SIDE LODGE (K. OF P.). This lodge (No. 68) was organized in May, 187o, witli twenty-four members. There are now sixty- five, with the following officers: E. C. Stedman, C. C. ; F. R. Merchant, V. C. C. ; George C. Hola, P. : C. J. Robinson, K. of E. and S. ; AV. C. North, F. S. ; George W. Makepeace, M. E. Eegular meetings aie held on the first and third Mondays of each month at the corner of Merchant avenue and Fairfield street, AVest Side. OAK LODGE (K. OF P.). Oak Lodge No. 77, was organized in 187.J, and has now in good standing upwards of one hundred members. The officers are John AVathey, C. C. ; Jacob Schug, V. C; F. Ferval, P. C; H. Holcoml>, M. of F. ; Maynard Miller, M. of E. ; L. Mayer, K. R. and S. ; R. T. Morrill, P. Regular meetings arc held at 720 St. Clair avenue, every Wednesday even- ing. EOKEST CITY LODGE (K. OF P.). Forest City No. 78, was organized in 1875, and has now a membership of sixty. The officers are W. S. Forrester, C. C. ; W. 0. Cox, V. C. ; W. A. Har- vey, P. C; H. P. Gale, P.; N. L. Hibbard, K. of R. and S.; L. S. Chadwick, M. of F.; M. H. Brown, M. of E. ; John Newberry, M. of A.; C. A. Kyle, I. G. ; John Paul, 0. G. UED CROSS LODGE (K. OF P.). This lodge (No. 89) was formed in 1870, and has now a membership of sixty. The present officers are C. C. Reeves, C. C; J. F. Penwick, P. ('.; H. S. Schue, V. C; J. J. AVeinhardt, P.; George M. Love, M. of E.: William Heraerly, M. of F.; AVilliam Spil- ker, K. R. and S. ; George Cunningham, M. A. Eegular meetings are held every Wednesday evening, at 303 Peari street. FOKESTEljy, KKKillTy OF UONOK AND CLUBS. 293 ENDOWMENT SECTION SEVENTY-EIGHT (K. OF P.) 'I'lii.s section was instituted JanuiU-y 2:5, 1878. 'I'liere sire uow eigiity-seven niembcns, witli tlie fol- lowing ofticeva: C. J. McDowell, jn-esitlent; E. W. Cooi)er, .secretary and treasurer; J. M. Millard, guide; G. W. Taylor, ehai)lain; L. Mayer, guard; K. Strauss, sentinel. Tlegular meetings are held at tlie corner of Ontario and High streets the first and third Mondays of each month. ENDOWMENT SECTION EUillTY-NINE (K. OK 1'.) Section eighty-nine was organized in 18iS, and has now a membership of seventy-five.. Its oHicers are J. U. Ross, P. ; John McFerns, V. P. ; C. H. Dole, S. and T. ; Henry Biddle, Cr. ; Charles Mallory, G.' John Barnes, G"n. ; D. A. Udell, S. ■ Ilegiilar meetings are held at 303 Pearl street on the second Tuesday of each month. I'KEUX CHEVALIEK DIVISION, UNIFORM HANK, (K. OE 1'.) The first officers of Preux Chevalier Division (No. 3, of Ohio), Uniform Eank, Knights of Pythias, were Sir Knight Commander 0. II. P. Hicks; Sir Knight Lieutenant Commander E. C. Stednian; Sir Knight Recorder Charles A. W. Rice; Sir Knight Treasurer Eugene L. Closse. The present officers are Sir Knight Commander 0. 11. P. Hicks; Sir Knight Lieutenant Comniander E. C. Stedman; Sir Knight Herald Henry \V. McDole; Sir Knight Recorder Henry Biddle; Sir Knight Trea- surer Thomas Boutall; Sir Knight (iuard George S. Tambling; Sir Knight Sentinel II. R. Sanborn; Sir Knight Surgeon Dr. J. F. Armstrong; Sir Knights Trustees O. II. P. Hicks, George Kieffer and E. L. Clo.ssc. The present number of members is fifty. Regular business meetings are held every third Thursday, and drill meelingsevery first, second and fourtli 'Thursday of ea('h monlh, at S ji.m. The armory aud hall of the (li\isionaro at the corner of Pearl aud liridge streets. llVAIKKiA DIVl.SION, I'NIEOKM KANK, (k. UK ]■. ) This division (No. 4) was organized in 1S79, and lias now a membership of thirty-six. The officers are, Sir Knight Commander E. II. Towson; Sir Knighl Lieutenant Commander C. \V. Burgess; Sir Knight Herald E. W. Cooper; Sir Knight Recorder C. E. Odell; Sir Knight Treasurer John Muest; SirKnight Guard .Vlexauder Ward; Sir Knight Sentinel George Kreck. 'I'he division drills at No. 52 Monumental Sfpiare, the second aod fourth Mondays of each niontii. CHAPTER LIX. FOKESTERS, KNIGHTB OF HONOB AND CLUBS. Ancient Order of Foresters- Court Kobiu Hood -Star of tlie Forest- Ex- celsior Little .lohn— I vanlioe. Standard— KinpT of tlie Germans- Woodland — Union — Zaboy — Rowanoprownost — Centennial Loilge, Knights of Honor— .\dvance Loilge -Cleveland — Triumph— Euclid Avenue— Idaho — Economy. Miscellaneou.D CEMETERY. In 1853 the city purchased of Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, sixty and one-half acres, on what is now Woodland avenue, for $13,639.50, and laid out the present Woodland cemetery, which still retains its original dimensions; being in form, nearly square. Since 1853 the interments in Woodland have ag- gregated about twenty-five thousand. It contains many handsome and costly monuments, and among the finest are those erected as memorials to the mem- bers of the Seventh and Twenty-third Obio regiments who fell in the War for the L'nion — that of the Seventh having cost S6,000. Among the legion of graves may be counted two hundred and fifty-seven, in which sleep as many of Ohio's citizens who were slain by rebel hands. The imposing stone structure which adorns the entrance to Woodland was built in 1878. The interments in 1878 numbered seven hun- dred and twenty-three. ST. jiary's cemetery. St. Mary's Cemetery, corner of Burton street and- Clark avenue, was purchased by Bishop Kappe and St. Mary's congregation, from Gerhard Schreiber, April 15, 1861, and comprises about six acres. It is used exclusively by the German and Bohemian Catholic congregations. West Side. It is under the manage- ment and control of the pastor of St. Mary's congre-. gation — at present Rev. S. Falk — subject, however, to the diocesan authorities. Total number of inter- ments to May 1, 1879, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-seven. Among the first to be interred were John Gies, Joseph Freuud, Mary Kerik, Ann Wen- zink, John Berg, Joseph Pfeiffer. lake view cemetery. This handsomely adorned and picturesquely located city of the dead covers an area of three hundred and five acres, and is approached from the city from Eu- clid avenue. It was laid oTit in 1869, and is now elaborately and handsomely improved, with smooth gravel drives, sweeping lawns, bright parterres of flowers, lakes, etc., and is, in short, one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the West. Among the many handsome monuments to be seen at Lake View, the one erected upon the lot of ilr. J. H. Wade, and costing thirteen thousand dollars, is probably the finest. The entire cost of the three hundred and five acres now occupied by the cemetery was §170,495. The grounds are undulating, some parts having an altitude of upwards of two hundred feet, and some of these eminences present views of extraordinary beauty. The cemetery is owned and conti-olled by a corpora- tion known as the Lake View Cemetery Association, whose officers, in 1879, were Joseph Perkins, presi- dent; J. H. Wade, vice president: Charles Wilbur, treasurer and clerk. It is situated in the township of East Cleveland, but is essentially a city institution, and is therefore included among the city cemeteries. RIVERSIDE cemetery. Riverside, located on the West Side, at the junction of Columbus street and Scranton avenue, was laid out in 18T6, by an association of lot owners, incorporated under the name of the Riverside Cemetery Associa- tion. A tract of one hundred and two and a half acres, bordering upon the Cuyahoga river, was pur- chased for §102,500, and divided into five thousand and seventy-two burial lots. Riverside is as rich in nat- ural beauty as any of Cleveland's ether cemeteries, be- ing gracefully dotted with wooded ravines, beautiful lakes, sightly eminences and expansive lawns. Quot- ing from the Association prospectus: " The crowning feature, perhaps, of the entire grounds, albeit it is no easy task to isolate its beauties one from the other, is the ' Grand Avenue,' on the main plateau, leading from the chapel and receiving tomb along a plane of a thousand feet, and without a curve, terminated at the eastern end by a fountain of novel design, formed of dark- polished granite. "" A handsome' chapel and receiving tomb, erected in 1876, at a cost of §-4,100, stands near the center of the cemetery, and materially adds to the i>leasing ef- fect of the beautiful surrounding landscape. The most expensive work of art in Riverside is an impos- ing "canopy monument," which cost §10,0(i0. It is the work of the New England Granite Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, and is owned in common by Messrs. Thomas and Isaac Lamson and S. W. Sessions. The interments in Riverside, from 1876 to August, 1879, numbered four hundred. The officers of the Association for 1879 are Josiah Barber, president; S. W. Sessions, vice president: Alfred Kellogg, treasu- rer: J. M. Curtiss, clerk and superintendent. CHAPTER LXII. MANUFACTUHES. Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company — Lake Shore Foundry— Jewett and Goodman Organ Company — Cleveland Rolling Mill Company— Cleve- land Paper Company— Novelty- Iron Works — Meriam and Morgan Paraffine Company — Cleveland Foundry— Bourne and Knowles— Union Steel Screw Company- Grasselli Chemical Works— Taylor & Boggis' Foundry — Cleveland Spring Company — Cleveland Steam Gauge Company— ^^'hite Manufacturing Company— King Iron Bridge and 5Ianufacturing Company— Otis Iron and Steel Company— Wors- wick Manufacturing Company. Although Cleveland did not become a decidedly manufacturing city until the outbreak of the war, in 1861, yet it had taken some steps in that direction a ^^ ^-^^J MAMTACTURES. 307 Umg time previously. Of some of the very earliest, ;iml eonse((uently the smallest, of these manufactures we iuive made brief mention in the general sketch of the city at the beginning of Part II. To the great industries now in existence we devote the following pages; arranging the various establishments as nearly as practicable in the order of their beginning opera- tions; so that a glance at this chapter will sliow not only the origin of various individual enterprises, but will also give some idea of the manufacturing tenden- cies and progress of Cleveland. Of course it is imprac- ticable for us to do more than call attention to the principal institutions of this class, from which, how- ever, the reader can at least gain an idea of the enter- prise which in less than twenty _vears has changed Cleveland from an almost purely commercial town to one of the greatest manufacturing centers in the country. cfYAHOGA STEAM FIRXACE COMPANY. This estalilishment deserves and holds a prominent jilace in the front rank of Cleveland's manufacturing- industries, both by reason of its early origin and l)resent importance. The name of the corporation is hardly indicative of the nature of its business, as it certainly has never had anything to do with the manu- facture of steam furnaces. The name is sui)posed to have been bestowed because, when started, the works were supplied with a steam engine for "blowing" the furnaces, whereas other foundries in this part of the country used horse-power. At all events, the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Com- pany was incorporated March 3, 183-4, and in the fol- lowing April the company was organized by the election of Josiah Barber, Richard Lord and Luke Risley, as directors, and Charles Hoyt, as agent. The works were located in what was then Ohio City (now the West Side) at the corner of Detroit and Center streets, where they remain to tiiis day. Inci- dental to a general foundry business, the first impor- tant article of manufacture was a patent horse-power, which gained considerable notoriety. In 1841 the com])any manufactured a large number of cannon for the general government, and afterwards enlarged its scope of operations from the manufacture of castings, plows, mill-irons, etc., to the production of large machinery. This new and important departure was to a large e-^ctent^effected in 184:'2, when Ethan Rogers entered the company's service and undertook the construction of machinery to Ije used in the building of railways. Not long afterwards the company built a locomotive engine for a newly-constructed railway between De- troit and Pontiac, in Michigan, and this locomotive, the first built west of tiie Alleghenies, after twelve years of hard work, was in such good condition that it was sold for very near its cost. At the company's works were built, also, the locomotives first used on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad and the Cleveland and Ashtabula (now Lake Shore) rail- road. Besides the distinction of Iiaving built the first lo- comotive in the west, the company gained also the additional one of constructing the earliest successful machinery for a lake screw propeller: the " Emi- grant'' being the vessel supplied with its production. Progress has ever been the watchword of this cor- j)oration, which has maintained an unbroken career of prosperity since its foundation in 1834, and the business of which, from a small venture, has risen to such proportions that upwards of one hundred and fifty men are constantly eniployed in the works. The company's capital, fixed at §100,000 at the outset, has remained unchanged. Its productions embrace steam-engines and machinery of the largest class for mills and vessels, and are familiar on all the great lakes and in all the large manufactories of the West. Mr. J. F. Holloway (for many years previous con- nected with the company) was, upon the death of President W. B. Castle in 1873, chosen president and business manager, and since that time has discharged the duties of those offices, while serving, as w-ell, as designer, engraver and superintendent. The secre- tary of the company is Mr. Sanford I. Lewis, who has occupied the place since 1801. LAKE SHORE FOUXDRY. This prominent industry was established in the year 1850, by Mr. Seizer, and continued under his management until 1866. S. Merchant then succeeded to the proprietorship and conducted the business until 1874 when a joint stock company was formed: 0. M. Burke being president and treasurer; A. M. Burke, vice president: and C. E. Burke, secretary. The buildings and premises at the foot of Alabanui street consist of two brick foundries, each one hun- dred feet square, and one two-story machine shop, forty by two hundred feet in size. The company manufactures car, bridge and general castings, and makes a specialty of casting water and gas pipe. The annual business amounts to nearly half a million dollars. Near one hundred and sixty men are em- ployed, to whom, on the average, wages of about §10 per week are paid. THE .TEWETT AXD GOODMAN ORGAX COMPANY^ The manufacture of organs in Cleveland was estab- lislied by Child and Bishop, in 1852. In 1800 Jewett and Goodman purchased the interest of that firm and continued the business until 1877, at which time a joint stock company was formed and incorporated under the style of The Jewett & Goodman Organ Company, with a capital stock of %60,000. In 1876 the manufactory was removed from Ontario street to the corner of Rockwell and Bond streets. The offi- cers of the company are S. A. Jewett, president and treasurer: C. D. Goodman, vice president; F. C. Goff, secretary. 308 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. CLEVELAKD KOLLIXG MILL COilPAXY. Cleveland's most important manufacturing indus- try, and one of the greatest in the world, is that located in the eighteenth ward of the city, (commonly known as Xewburg), and operated by the Cleveland Eolling Mill Company. This company had its origin in the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., founded at Xewburg by Henry Chisholm in 1857, and engaged from that year until 1863 in the manufacture of rail- way and bar iron. In September, 1863, the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., was superseded by a joint stock corporation, under the same leadership, with the name above given, and since that time the business has steadily expanded until it has now reached results which are almost marvelous. The works proper cover an area of thirty-two acres; their products includes Bessemer steel and iron rails and fastenings, S23ring steel and wire of all kinds, steel horse shoes, tire, axles and other forgings, boiler plate, galvanized and black sheet iron, corrugated roofing and siding of Siemens-Miytm, Bessemer steel and iron, etc., etc.. The capital of the company is 82,000,000; the number of men emjDloyed averages four thousand; the yearly pay-roll reaches to more than two millions of dollars, and the annual con- sumption of coal is two hundred and fifty thousand tons. One hundred and fifty teams, besides locomo- tives, cars, etc., — all owned by the company — are em- ployed in the transportation of material between the various departments of the works: the yearly product of steel and iron rails aggregates one hundred and ten thousand tons; that of wire, twenty-one thousand tons, and that of merchant iron and steel, twenty thousand tons. These figures are given in a comprehensive form to show at a glance the scope of this remarkable in- dustry, the details of which are, of course, too elabo- rate to be described in our limited space. The wire- mills deserve, however, especial mention, for they are the largest of their kind in this country. All kinds of steel wire are made, ranging from the coarsest description known down to that of the fineness of a hair. More than six thousand tons of grain-binding wire alone were manufactured in 1879. The company also opei'ates in Chicago a mill that yields one hundred and fifty tons of rails daily, and two blast furnaces, the daily product of which is one hundred and twenty tons of pig iron. It also owns all its own mines of ore in the Lake Superior region, whence its supplies are drawn. The president of the company is Mr. Henry Chis- holm, who resides in Cleveland, and the vice president is Mr, A, B. Stone, of Kew York, w-ho manages the business of the corporation in the latter city. CLEVELAND PAPER COilPAXY. The Cleveland Paper Company was regularly in- corporated on the 1st day of October, 1860, by M. C, Y'ounglove, John Hoyt, Hiram Griswold, X. W, Tay- lor and G. Woi'thington, stockholders and proprietors. The capital stock was originally fixed at 8100,000, but, owing to a rapid expansion in the business of the corporation, was in June, 1867, increased to s<300,000. The factories, five in number, are located as follows: Two in Cleveland, (one on Broadway and one on For- est street), and one each in Massillon, Canton, and Monroe Falls, At these are manufactured all varieties of paper, and employment is furnished to over three hundred persons. The principal offices and salesroom occupy the entire four story building at No. 128 St. Clair street. The present officers of the company are Ansel Rob- erts, president; N. W, Taylor, agent; H. S. Whittle- sey, secretary and treasurer; E. Mill, superintendent of warehouse; J. W. Brightman, superintendent of mills. XOVELTY IROX WORKS. This important industry was established in 1860, by Thomas E. Reeve. The works consist of a machine and blacksmith shop, in a building ninety by one hundred and fifty-seven feet in dimensions, located on the corner of Wason and Hamilton streets. Here are manufactured iron bridges, buildings, roofs, railroad frogs and crossings, and general machine work of all kinds. In these works are employed seventy-five men, at an average salary of about S12.00 per week. THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY. This extensive corporation had its inception in tlie year 1861, in a comparatively small copartnership business conducted by John D. Rockefeller and Henry M. Flagler. So rapid was the increase in the manu- facture of 25etroleum and the sale of its products that in January, 1870, a stock company was formed and incorporated under the name of "Standard Oil Com- pany," having its principal place of business at Cleve- land. John D, Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, Sam- uel Andrews, Stephen V, Harkuess and William Rockefeller, comprised the board of directors and managers. The capital stock was fixed at ^1,000,00*' in shares of one hundred dollars each. The work- and projierty of the comjiany are situated on what is known as Kingsbury Run, and cover an area of about one hundred acres. The jiresent officers are as fol- lows: John D. Rockefeller, president: William Rock- efeller, vice president; Henry M. Flagler, secretary; 0. H, Payne, treasurer; S. Andrews, superintendent; G. I. Vail, auditor; L, H. Severance, cashier. This company does the largest business in its line — the refining and sale of petroleum — in the world, and there are few manufacturing establishments of any kind which surpass it. It has absorbed the greater part of the product of the Pennsylvania oil regions, and these when refined are sold throughout all of the civilized and part of the uncivilized world, MERIAM AND MORGAN PARAFFINE COMPANY. The manufacture of paraffins oil and wax was com- menced in Cleveland in 1863, bv the firm of More- fii^^v^i^^^ ^^o II II MANUFACTl'lfKS. 309 lioust' and .MtTiani. In l.sO.') the tirni was changed to Jloorehouse, Meriam & Co., and again in 1869, to Meriam & Morgan. In 1874 the tirm became a body corporate under the name of the "Meriam and Mor- gan Parafline Compan\'," with a capital stock of 1300,000. The offices and factory are located in a three story brick bnilding, on the corner of Central 'Way and Ohio street. On the canal, opposite the main building, is an ice-house having a capacity of six thousand tons. T)iecom]>any"s refinery is located on the Atlantic and Great Western Eailroad, and cov- ers seven acres of land. The officers of the company are E. P. ilorgau, president: J. B. Meriam, vice president and treasurer; William Morgan, superin- tendent; Herman Frasch, chemist; C. T. Carruth, secretary. CLEVELAND FOrNDRY. This industry, one of the leading enterprises of the city, was established iu the year 1864 by the firm of Bowler & Maher. In 1870 C. A. Brayton entered the firm, which has since been known as Bowler, Maher & P.rayton. In connection with the manufacture of car wheels, the firm also produces all casting j^ertaiu- ing to street railroads, rolling mills and blast furnaces. At the works, Nos. 7, 9, 11 and 13 Winter street, one hundred men are employed. Tlie firm now consists of X. P. Bowler, Thomas Maher and C. A. Brayton. BOTRXE \ KXOWLES. The manufacture of hot and cold pressed nuts, washers, chain-links and rivets was commenced at the corner of Elm and Main streets, by the firm of Sher- man, Damon & Co. in tiie year 1864. This firm was composed of David S. Sherman, Roger Damon, Jr., and E. F. Thayer. On the 16th of October, 1866, the business was enlarged and the old firm succeeded by Bourne, Damon & Knowles. Mr. Damon retired in September, 1871, since which Messrs. Bourne and Knowles liave continued the l)usiness. The building occupied by the firm is a two-story brick, one hundred and twenty by one hundred and si.\ty-three in dimen- sions. IXIOX .STEEL ^CKEW COMPAXY. This great establishment was incorporated by Am- asa Stone, Jr., William Chisliolm, Henrv Chisholm, A. B. Stone and II. B. Payne, with a capital stock of *l,uoo,()(»i in shares of *iloO each. The business of the corporation is confined almost entirely to the manufacture of screws, but in that line is one of the largest in the country. GRASSELLI CHEMK AL WORKS. The manufacture of acids by E. Grasselli, senior member of the present firm, was commenced at Cin- cinnati in 1839. The extensive oil interests which centered in Cleveland induced Mr. Grasselli, in 1866, to establish works here for tiie manufacture of chem- icals of different kinds. Tiie buildings and yards of the premises, on Broadway and Independence street, cover over twenty-two acres of ground, and furnish emjiloyment for sixty persons. The firm consists of E. Grasselli and Cajsar A. Grasselli, his son. TAYLOR & BOGGIS' FOLXDRY. This enterprise wa-s started on Central Place, in 1866, by the firm of Harvey Taylor & Son. A few years later the works were removed to their present location on Central Way, and the firm was changed to Taylor &: Boggis. The works consist of the wood- pattern, foundry, machine and metal-pattern depart- ments. CLEVELAX-^D SPRIX'G COMPAXY. This corporation was organized October 21, 1868, with a capital stock of $200,000. The works are sit- uated at the corner of West River and AViuslow streets, having a front of one hundred and seven feet, and a depth of three hundred and fifty. The company man- ufactures steel springs for locomotives, cars, carriages and wagons. The officers are as follows: E. H. Bourne, president; Wm. K. Corlett, vice president; H. M. Knowles, secretary; E. H. Bourne. Wm. K. Corlett, H. M. Knowles, S. Bourne and John Corlett, directors. CLEVELAXD STEAM GAUGE COMPAXY. The Cleveland Steam Gauge Company was incor- porated on the 20th day of April, 1869, with a capital stock of fifty thousand dollars. The officers and in- corporators were as follows: D. W. Cross, president; J. P. Holt, superintendent; W. 8. Dodge, secretary and treasurer; J. E. French, general manager. This company was organized for the purpose of manufacturing Holt's patent steam gauges for loco- motive and stationary engines, spring balances, water gauges, test pumps and test gauges, syplions, brass cocks, air and vacuum gauges, Watson's forge and blower, Emery's universal cotton gin, etc. The business was established by Mr. Holt in 1867, and has steadily increased up to this time. Tiic works of this company are located on West street, in a building one hundred and twenty-fire feet square. The officers are D. W. Cross, president: J. E. Frencii, vice president; J. P. Holt, superintendent: AV. S. Dodge, secretary and treasurer. WHITE MAXTFACTURIXG COMPANY. This company was incorporated on the 25th day of November, 1870, Ijy Thomas 11. Wiiite, Rollin C. White, George W. Baker, Henry AV. White and D'Arcy Porter, who formed the association for the purpose of manufacturing sewing machines and arti- cles connected with them. The more particular ob- ject was the manufacture of the " White Sewing Jla- chine," of which Thomas II. White was the patentee. The capital stock was fixed at *2iiO,GOO. In the works of tlie Company on Canal street are emploj-ed from five to six hundred persons, at an] average salary of 310 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. nearly 175 each per month. The works occupy the five- story building at Nos. 22 to 26 Canal street; the main offices and counting room are at Xos. 358 and 360 Euclid avenue. From July, 18T6, to the close of 18T7, the company produced from one hundred and fifty to two hundred machines per day. The present officers are Thomas H. White, presi- dent; E. C. White, vice president; S. E. Henderson, secretary; H. W. White, treasurer; D'Arcy Porter, superintendent; George W. Baker, assistant superin- tendent. THE KING IROX BRIDGE AXD MANUFACTL'RIXG COMPANY. On tlie 26th day of January, 1871, Zenas King, Thomas A. Eeeve, A. B. Stone, Charles A. Barnard, Charles A. Crumb, Dan P. Eells and Henry Chis- holm associated themselves togetlier for the purpose of manufacturing bridges and all kinds of machine work, under the name of " The King L'on Bridge and Manufacturing Company." The capital stock was fixed at %i225,000. In 1858 Zenas King founded the business, with a capital of $5,000, which was at first confined to the manufacture of arch and swing bridges. The com- pany now produces all kinds of truss, combination and wood bridges, as well as the patent arch. The works, located at the corner of Wason and Hamilton streets, cover one hundred and ten thousand square feet of land. The present officers are Zenas King, president; James A. King, vice president; Harley B. Gibbs, secretary; A. H. Porter, engineer. OTIS IROX AXD STEEL COMPAX'Y. The Otis L-on and Steel Company was formed on the 13th day of June, 1873, by Charles A. Otis, W. S. C. Otis, E. B. Thomas, W. S. Streator and Dan P. Eells. The purpose of the organization was to engage in the manufacture of iron and steel in all of its various branches. The capital stock was »300,000, in shares of SI, 000 each. The Company's works are located on Lake, near Lawrence street, and the pres- ent officers are Charles A. Otis, president: Jos. K. Bole, secretary, S. T. Willman, superintendent. WORSVVICK MAXUFACTURING COMPAXY. This company had its origin in the manufacturing firm of Worswiek & Lewis, and was incorporated October, 14, 1876, the capital stock being i5l(iO,000. The company manufactures wrought iron pipe, iron fittings and brass goods for steam, water and oil use. The works, located on the corner of Merwin and Center streets, occupy the entire three story building, ninety by one hundred and thirty feet in size. The present officers are as follows: J. E. Worswiek, pres- ident; John A. Prindle, vice president; W. F. Brown, secretary; John F. Taylor, treasurer; J. E. Worswiek, E. Lewis, John A. Prindle, Fayette Brown and H. E. Prindle, directors. CHAPTER LXIIL SCHOOLS AND LIBKARIES * The First School— Faint Traditions— The First Known School House in the Village— The SubscriptioQ— Sale to the Village— The Academy- Private Schools— The Free School— The First School System— I>ur- chase of the Academy — New School Houses — Plenty of Readers — Uni- form Text Books Prescribed — The Seats— Salaries — Establishment of High School— Wide Awake Boys— A Three-story School House— Ap- pointment of a Superintendent— The Old Board— Faithful Members- Superintendent Freese — Annexation of Ohio City — The ScV ools there —The "Branch High School"— The Board of Education— The System thoroughly established — Annexation of East Cleveland — Consolida- tion — The New High School— Its Description— Supervising Principals and the N'oimal School— The Number of Scholars— Teachers and their Salaries— Conclusion. The first school within the territory of the present city of Cleveland was taught by Miss Sarah Doan, daughter of Nathaniel Doan of "Doan's Corners,*' in what was then known as the Kingsbury neighborhood, near the present corner of Kinsman street and Wood- land Hights avenue, about four miles from Monu- mental Park. Even now it is close to the western boundary of the city. Though there is no distinct record, it is safe to say that the school-house was built of logs as there was no other kind of buildings in this part of the world. For several years schools were kept more regularly in Newburg and the Kingsbury neighborhood than at Cleveland proper, whence sickness repelled emi- grants so completely that two or three families was considered a large population. In fact, we can find no mention of a school or school house there until 1814. There is a tradition, as Mr. Freese says, in his "Early History of Cleveland Public Schools," that a school was taught about 1802 or 1803, when there were but five children, and another that there was one in 181H, when there were fifty-seven inhabitants, and when it would surely seem as if there ought to have been one. It is evident, however, that there were very few schools previous to the war of 1812, or some of the reminiscences on record regarding that period would have mentioned them. The first record of any school in Cleveland village is of one kept by a Mr. Cap- man in 1814. The first school-house in the village, of which there is any account, was probably built in 1815, as the late Leonard Case, who came in 1816, mentions it as then existing (in a manuscript left by him), as does also Mr. Moses White. The latter describes it as a little new building, about eighteen feet by twenty- eight, with a stone chimney, located where the the Kennard House now stands. It was built by sub- scription: the following being the contributors, with the amounts subscribed by each: T. and I. Kelley, S20; Stephen S. Dudley, §5; Daniel Kelley, *10: T. and D. Miles, $5: Wm. Trimball, S5; J. Eiddall, So; Walter Bradrock, S2.50; Levi Johnson, 810; J. Heather, *5; Horace Perry, 810; John A. Ackley, $5; A. W. Walwoi-th, 85; George Wallace, 85; Jacob Wilkerson, 85; Pliny Mowry, 85: D. C. Hendei'son, 815; David Long, 815; Samuel Williani- ♦Largely from Freese's Early History of the Cleveland Public Schools. \0^ f x* SCHUULS AND LIBRARIES. 311 sou. *;15; Alonzo Carter, *15; John Dixon, ^b; N. II. Mcrwin, ^5; James Root, So; Joel Na.son, 83; Ed- ward McCarney, 4<5; George Pease, *5. The total was §108.70. which wcmld Imild i|uite a scliool-house iu tliose days. After it was ereuted, however, it was deemed Ijes that the village should own it, and on the 13th day of January, ISIT, the trustees voted to return the sub- scription money to the donors and receive the title to the school-house. It was not only the school-house but the meeting-house of the village, being occupied as such in winter whenever an occasional minister visited the locality, while tiie larger but colder court- house was used for tlie same purpose in summei'. This was the only temple of education iu Cleveland for several years. The village gave the use of the house to successive teachers, wlio then managed the schools in their own manner, collecting what fees they could from tlie parents of the scholars. In 1821 the citizens of the growing village united in erecting a two-story brick building, termed the Cleveland Academy, located on St. Clair street. It was finished the next year; the Cleveland Herald of June 6. 183"2. mentioning with pride the convenient academy of brick, with its handsome spire, and its spa- cious room in the second slory for public purposes, which was tlien nearly completed. Scarcely were the lower rooms finished, when, on the 2(Jth of the same moutii, a school was opened in it under the Rev.Wm. McLean. The reverend gentlemen taught reading, spelling and writing for §L75 per term; grammar and geography were included for S2.T5 per term, while if there were any young Clevelanders ambitious to study Greek. Latin or the higher mathematics, they or their parents were obliged to disburse §4 per term to secure them that privilege at the Cleveland Academy. The building was about forty-five feet by twenty- five: the lower story being divided into two school rooms, while the upper one was employed for church meetings, lectures, traveling shows, and all the mul- tifarious uses of a public hall in a fi'ontier village. At a later date, when Cleveland became more popu- lous, the higher department of the school was re- moved to the upper story, Harvey Rice, Esq., then a young law student, just from the East, served as prin- cipal for a short time, beginning in 1824. The acade- my was kept \\\> until -about the time of the incorpor- ation of the city of Cleveland in 1830, when it was superseded by the school system then adopted. As early as 1825 a young ladies" academy was es- talilislifil, which advertised to teach reading, writing, grammar, geograjdiy. painting, needlework and em- broidery. Meanwhile several private schools for young schol- ars were maintained at different times. In 1830 an attemjit was made to buy the academy buildins in be- half of the corporation but it did not succeed. In 1833 or '34 a school was established, supported by charity, and attended by the children of the poor- est inhabitants. It was called the "Free School," and probably received some aid from the village authorities, for very soon after the organization of the city government the council voted to employ a teacher and assistant to conduct it until a school sys- tem should be organized. In September following, R. S. Gazlay, principal of the free school, rei)orted that two hundred and twenty-nine children had at- tended it during the preceding three months, at a cost of one hundred and thirty one dollars and twelve cents. On the fifth of the succeeding month the council appointed the first board of school managers, consisting of John W. Willey, Anson Haydon and Daniel Worley. In March, 183T, the board reported that they had kept up the "Common Free School" at a cost of •SlS-i.TT for the winter quarter. They advised a more liberal allowance for the support of schools, and es- pecially for the erection of school-houses. The second board, appointed in 1837, consisted of Samuel Cowles, Samuel Williamson and Philip Battell. It was not until July 7, 1837, that any general sys- tem of public schools was established in Cleveland. An ordinance was then passed by the council, direct- ing its school committee to lease suitable buildings or rooms for school purposes, the exjiense not to ex- ceed half the amount which the council was author- ized to expend annually in building school-houses. The other half, or so much as might be necessary, was directed to be used in buying furniture and apparatus. The board of school managers was also authorized to establish in the rooms so obtained such elementary schools as they deemed necessary, to be kept up four months from the .24th of July, to be entirely supported by the city, and therefore to be restricted in expenses to the amount of that part of the city revenue set aside for that purpose. The board proceeded to organize three school dis- tricts, m each of which separate schools for boys and girls were established as soon as possible, under three male and three female teachers. They were main- tained a little over four months, at an aggregate cost for tuition of *C40.82. During the winter the six schools were retained, and two more added for small children. There were eight hundred and forty names on the rolls, and an average attendance of four hun- dred and sixty-eight: the cost for that term being -^868. 02. These schools were wholly free, and the authorities of Cleveland seem to have stepped at once fi'om sul)- stantial iudilference (iu their public capacity) regard- ing educational matters to a complete adoption of the free-school system. Tlie income devoted to school j)urposes during the year was *2,830, which was suf- ficient to pay for tuition, rent and fuel. During tlie next year the number of .schools was increased to eleven, the average attendance being live hundred and eighty-eight, as appears by the report of Silas Beldeu, tlenry Sexton and ,blenry H. Dodge, the managers for that vear. 312 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. The old academy was rented two years by the city for the use of the common schools, and in 1839 was purchased for $6,000. In the spring of that year, also, two lots were purchased, on the recommendation of a committee of which Harvey Eice was chairman, on each of which was erected a two-story brick school- house, forty-five feet square, one on Rockwell and one on Prospect street, each intended to seat two hundred children. Both were finished in 1840. The one on Prospect street was lately occupied by the board of education. These, with the academy building, would seat comfortably si.x hundred children, but were com- pelled for a time to accommodate nearly nine hun- dred. Each of these three schools was organized in Decem- ber, 1840, with a senior and primary grade, and each of these was subdivided into a boys and girls depart- ment. The three principals, who were also the teach- ers respectively of the boys department in the senior grade were A. N. Gray in the Rockwell street school, Andrew Freese in the prospect street school, and George W. Yates in the St. Clair street, or academy, school. The first had two hundred and seventy scholars under them; the second two hundred and seventy-five, and the third two hundred and forty. Besides these, there were the Bethel school with two teachers and a hundred and fifty-five scholars; one on the corner of Prospect and Ontario streets, witli one teacher and fifty-five pupils, and one on Chestnut street with one teacher and fifty-six pupils. Mr. Freese published a program of the daily ex- ercises in the Prospect street school in one of the early years of its existence, which shows a multi- plicity of " readers," and of classes conformed to them, which seems almost ludicrous to the modern reader, tliough the extra labor and perplexity could not have been at all amusing to the teachers. The list em- braces classes in the "English Reader," "Porter's Rhetorical Reader," '" Historical Reader" and " An- gell's Xo. 2 Reader"; also in "Smith's Grammar" and " Kirkham's Grammar." Besides these, Smith's Arithmetic, Smith's Geography and "Parley's" His- tory were the principal text books. The only subiects higher than the ordinary English branches were alge- bra and natural philosophy: there being one class in each. Soon after, the board of school managers prescribed a uniform list of text books for each grade, but the teachers could divide the schools into such classes as they saw fit. The furniture of the school room was hardly changed at this time from the most primitive form ever used; consisting of two lines of long seats extend- ing around the room, a short distance from the wall, the rear ones having no backs and the front ones no fronts. The backs of the front row, with their at- tached shelves, served as desks for the occupants of the benches behind. It was not until 1845 that the two- seated pine desks which are still common in country schools, came into use; each matching with the other, and consisting of a seat, a back, a writing desk, and a book shelf combined. These were really quite an in- genious and convenient invention. The salaries of the male principals at this period were ten dollars per week; those of the female assist- ants were five dollars per week— a school week then comprising five and a half days. LTntil 1846 no important change took place in the constitution of the schools, and no new school build- ings appear to have been erected, tliough rooms were rented in various localities to meet the wants of the growing city. In that year Mayor Hoadley in his in- augural address recommended the establishment of a high school, composed of the best scholars of the common schools. The council adopted the recom- mendation, leased the basement of a church on Pros- pect street, and made Andrew Freese, principal of the- Prospect-street school, principal of the new academic department. It went into operation on the 1st of July 1846, with thirty-four pupils: a number increased during the year to eighty-three. This "new-fangled " arrangement, however, was strongly opjjosed by many of the citizens, who held that the council had no legal right to establish such a school, and also that it was unjust and inexpedient to tax people for the maintainanee of higher education. A warm discussion was the consequence, both in the council and among the people: but it was settled in favor of the continuance of the high school. A girl's department of it was also opened in the spring of 1847. The school was not a very exjiensive institution at that time; the total annual cost for several years be- ing about nine hundred dollars; of which four hun- dred constituted the salary of the principal, and two hundred and fifty that of his sole assistant. Another assistant was added in 1852. All the higher English studies were taught there, but tlie languages were not yet made a part of the course. The boys who went to the high school uiidei' Mr. Freese during those early years were an energetic, restless set, many of whom have since made tlieir mark in the world, including Senator John P. Jones, of Nevada, Governor Lucius Fairchild, of Wisconsin, and several others but little less famous. They were ready to overcome almost any obstacle. They gave lectures on chemistry and other subjects, from which they obtained money to buy philosophical apparatus, for the school. They bought materials, and them- selves laid up a small brick laboratory: they made some of the apparatus they desired with their own hands; they edited and published a monthly called the School Boy for two or three years, and by their pluck and perseverance contributed largely toward breaking down the lingering prejudices against the high school. On the opening of the new decade in 1850 the ne- cessity of more school-room could no longer be denied, and in 1851 the Brownell-street school-house was erected: similar in size and form to the Prospect and SCHOOLS AXD LIBRARIES. 313 HuL'k well-street lioiiscs :ilrea(ly described. When it \v;is opened for use in January, 1852, under Principal 1*;. K. White, it was immediately filled to overflowing. 'Die quandary of the board of managers as to how relief should be afforded — whether to i)ut on a third story, erect a new building, or employ some other means — was settled in a very peculiar manner. A high wind blew off the roof of the new school-house. Whether the members of the board looked on this as a providential decision or not, they at once accepted it as literally opening the way out of their difficulty, and directed the addition of a third story before the roof was replaced. Such was the accidental origin of the first three-story brick school-house in Cleve- land. This in time became too small for the con- stantly increasing number of scholars, and in 1863 it was sold; the school being removed to a newly erected edifice of ample proportions, on the opposite side of the street — commonly known as the Bradburn school- house. The Brownell-street school was followed in 1852 by the Mayflower-street school, which opened in a small wooden building of two rooms on the corner of Or- ange and Mayflower streets. Three-fourths of the children were Bohemians, who could harl dy speak a word of English. The teachers had considerable dif- ficulty at first, but it is said they eventually learned their Bohemians to speak English principally by turning them out to play with the English-speaking scholars — certainly a very pleasant method of instruc- tion. The population in that vicinity increased so rapidly that in 1854 a large three-story brick school- house, capable of seating five hundred pu])ils, was erected. In 18G0 it was enlarged to a capacity of a tiiousand. About the time the Brownell and Mayflower-street schools were set in operation, it was determined to have something better than a basement for the use of the high school. A lot was accordingly purchased on Euclid street, on which in 1851 a cheap wooden building was erected for temporary use. It was not vacated, however, until the spring of 1856, when the large three-story brick structure, sixty feet by ninety, occupied by the high school until the present year, was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. It was at this period, too, (in 1853) that a superin- tendent was placed in charge of the schools. Hitherto the work of supervision had been carried on entirely by the board of managers, the members of which re- ceived no j)ay, and merely spared what time they could from the various kinds of active private business in which they were all engaged. George Willey, a prominent lawyer, and Charles Bradburn, an active merchant, both began service as managers in 1841, and both served with few intermissions, until 1859, usu- ally associated with but one or two others. Both gave a very large share of their time to the schools, and they bore a very great part in the work of strengthening and developing the public school sys- tem of Cleveland in its infant years. Harvey Kice, Esq., who was a member of the city council during much of the same period, was also a very active friend of the schools. But the time had come when the amount of super- vising work to be done made it absolutely essential that some one should be employed especially to do it. In May, 1853, R. €. Parsons, Esq,, introduced into the council an ordinance establishing the office of superintendent of instruction, which was passed on the 1st of June following. The board of managers was to fill the office, but the council was to fix the salary. Andrew Freese, principal of the high school since its establishment, was at once appointed to the newly- created position. The salary voted him by the council was three hundred dollars per year. It should be understood, however, that for awhile he gave only half his time to the work of supervision, and the other half to the high school, of which he still re- mained principal — receiving his old salary of $1,000 per year. Afterwards, for a year, he gave five hours a day to his supervisory work; still retaining his posi- tion and salary in the high school. At length, how- ever, it was found necessary for him to concentrate his whole attention on the work of supervision, and with considerable difficulty the council was persuaded to allow him a salary of §!l,300 per year. Mr. Freese held the office eight years, giving to his duties the most enthusiastic energy and the most unwearying attention, and stamping his impress deeply upon that great institution, the public school system of Cleve- land, with which he was so long connected. The year after the superintendency was established, Ohio City was annexed to Cleveland. It then had two thousand four hundred and thirty-eight children considered to be of "school age," of whom about eiglit hundred were registered in the public schools and some two hundred were in church or private schools. The public schools consisted of one on Penn street with a hundred and ninety-five scholars; one at the ''old Universalist church," with a hundred and sixty-two; one at a small brick house on Vermont street, with fifty-four: one at the "Seminary build- ing,'" with a hundred and seven; and one at a small wooden school house on church street, with a hun- dred and eighty-two. The houses on Penn, Vermont and Church streets were owned by the city; the others were leased. The schools on the West Side were generally un- graded, though there was a central school in the "seminary building" for the higher classes. There were also in process of erection three three-story brick school liouses — one each on Pearl, Hicks and Kentucky streets — and these were completed at a cost of *T,000 each in the autumn of 1S54, and given over to the management of the authorities of the united city. All the schools above mentioned except the one on Plum street were then transferred to the new school-houses. At this time, too, the AVest Side Central School, which was merely a kind of advanced common school. 314 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. was transferred to the upper story of the Kentucky street school house. Tlie people on the West Side were desirous that it should be brought to an equality with the East Side High School. As, however, the law under which the system of public instruction in Cleveland was organized provided that there should be but one central school, the council, with dubious legality, provided that there should be a brancli of it established on the west side of the river. Though called the "Branch High School." it was entirely indeijendent of its competitor on the other side: its principal being responsible directly to the superin- tendent of instruction and the board of managers — a lesson in deception and evasion of the law hardly counterbalanced by the increased convenience of having two high schools instead of one, or bv saving the trouble of having the law changed. The Hudson street (now the Sterling) school was opened in the spring of 1859, in a small wooden structure which soon became so crowded that a cheap, detached building was speedily erected, and this was subsequently supplemented by the addition of another room. All these were finally succeeded by a large, new brick school liouse, completed in 1868, and then reputed to be the finest in Ohio. In 1859 also, the old " board of managers'" was ex- changed fur a '"board of education," consisting of eleven members, elected by the people. The first one thus chosen consisted of Chas. Bradburn, Allyne Maynard, Chas. S. Reese, William H. Stanley, Xathan P. Payne, W. P. Eogg, Lester Hayes, J. A. Thome, F. B. Pratt, Daniel P. Rhodes and Geo. R. Taughan. We have thus brought down this condensed history of the public school system of Cleveland to the time when it had, to a great extent, assumed the form it has since retained. In 1859, there was a board of education elected by the people, controlling the schools on both sides of the river, a superintendent intrusted with the immediate management; an East high school and a West high school where the more ad- vanced branches, includingthe languages, were taught, and finally a number of graded common schools. under male principals and female assistants, which, by a pedantic imitation of the name of an altogether different thing, then began to be called "grammar schools."* Jloreover, music and drawing had both been introduced into the schools several years before, but were temporarily suspended at that period, on ac- count of the "hard times" induced by the financial crisis of 1857. Since that time the change has been one of devel- *Tlie appellation of "grammar school" was given to an institution in England and Xew England, above the grade of a primarj- school, in which grammar was the principal subject taught. As soon as a boy was at all advanced in his English grammar he was put into Latin gram - mar, and everything else was made subordinate to the study of lan- guage, or "grammar." It is natural that, in the regions mentioned, the old name should be retained, but it is provoking that the same name sh'.^uld have been plagianzed within the last twenty years and applied to a new institution, in which grammar is considered of less consequence than mathematics, and of scarcely more importance than each of sev- eral other studies. opment rather than of fundamental characteristics, though a few additions of considerable consequence liave been made to the system. During the war for the LTnion, (in which many of the graduates of the Cleveland schools engaged, and some gave up their lives) notwithstanding the heavy drain upon the resources of the people, the school .system was maintained at a high grade, and expanded rapidly in harmony with the constant growth of the city. In 1807 the village of East Cleveland was annexed to the city of Cleveland. The former had a school system of its own, with a high school, which it was agreed should be retained until half the councilmen from the annexed district should vote for its abolition. In accordance with this agreement three high schools were maintained in Cleveland for over eleven years. Eight years later Xewburg was annexed, and it too. liad a high school, which became a part of the Cleve- land system. Meanwhile the needs of the Central high school were rapidly outgrowing the accommodations of the building in which it had been domiciled. It was deemed best, instead of increasing its size or building a new one in the same locality, for the use of the same district, to erect one of ample size near the centre of the whole district east of the river. The consent of •■ half" the councilmen from the old territory of East Cleveland having been obtained, a resolution to that efEect was unanimously adopted by the council on the 2d day of April, 1877. The work was completed in less than a year and a half, the new building being dedicated on tlio 3d day of December, 1878. The point selected was on the west side of Willson avenue (the old line between Cleveland and East Cleveland) near Cedar avenue, an open, healthful, central and most desirable location, although it would seem as if a larger amount of land should have been .secured, even if it was necessary to put up with a smaller amount of building. The general arrangement of the edifice was planned by Andrew J. Rickoff, superintendent of instruction, while the architectural design, selected from those of six competitors, was that of Captain Levi T. Scofield of Cleveland. The extreme length of the building is one hundred and sixty-two feet and the extreme width, including both wings, one hundred and thirty- eight feet eight inches. The hight from the ground to the cornice is seventy-two feet four inches, and to the top of the spire one hundred and sixty-eight feet. The stj'le of architecture is South German Gothic, of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, while the material is principally of the various kinds of sand- stone found in Cuyahoga county and vicinity. There are twenty-five rooms in the building, of which four- teen are school rooms, each thirty-seven by thirty, and sixteen feet high, and one of the others is an as- sembly room, ninety-four feet by fifty-six, and about thirty-eight feet high. Great care was also jjaid to the subjects of ventilation and heating, and taken al- SCHOOLS AND LIBRAKIES. 315 together tlie building may be considered one of the model school houses of the United States. In the year 1868 "supervising principals" were appointed to take the immediate direction of the teachers in the "grammar" and primary schools. The city is now divided into two districts, under the charge of supervising principals; one comprising all east of Erie street, and of Brownell south of the south end of Erie, the other embracing all west of that line, on both sides of the river. This is the most impor- tant change which has been made since 18(30. The supervising principals do all that principals ordina- rily do except teach. They assign scholars to classes, direct the studies and maintain the discipline of the sciiools — acting on the reports on the teachers. By this means the board of education is enabled to em- ploy ladies as heads of the schools, whose time is em- ployed principally in teaching. A normal school, for the sole purpose of training teachers to take charge of the city schools, was established in 187-1. The system is now very complete as to organization, and tiie schools are well supplied with buildings: so that no important changes in regard to either are likely to 1)6 made for many years to come. We close with a brief account of the schools as they niiw are. Of the lower grades there are thirty-eight, with a total registered attendance of twenty-one tiiousand seven hundred and twenty-one, according to the reports of the present year, as yet unpublished, for which we are indebted to the courtesy of J[r. Rickoff, the present superintendent. The number of scholars just mentioned is distributed as follows: Bol- ton school, 384: Brownell, 1,682; Case, 1,333; Char- ter Oak, 12.5; Clark, 251; Crawford, 38; Detroit, 818; Dunham, 68; Eagle, 381; Euclid, 216: Fair- mount, 287; Garden, 227; Gordon, 217; Hicks, 833; Independence, 40; Kentucky, 934; Kinsman, 157; Lovejoy, 60; iladison, 153; Marion, 44; Mayflower, 1303; Meyer, 69; North, 630: Orchard, 1482: Outh- waite, 1834; Quincy, 124; Ridge, 42; Rockwell, 1,160; St. Clair, 1,087; South, 161; Sterling, 1,508; Tre- mont, 1,196; Union Mills, 211; Wade, 973; Walnut, 726; Warren, 772; Woodland, 75; York, 52. Besides there were sixty-five in the Normal school, seven hundred and forty-seven in the Central high school, and two hundred and eleven in the West high school, making a total in the higher grade schools of one thousand and twenty, and a grand total of twen- ty-two thousand seven hundred and forty-one. To give instruction to this great number of chil- dren, no less than three hundred and ninetj^-four teachers are employed; two in the Normal school; seventeen in tlie Central high school, nine in the West high school, and three hundred and sixty-six in the grammar and primary schools. It should be un- derstood that many of these are special teachers, (in drawing, music and penmanship) who do not give, _.and are not paid for giving, their whole time. The principal salaries paid are as follows: The su- perintendent receives %3,300 per year; the principal of the Central high school, $2,400; his first assistant, i|il,600; the principal of the West high school, §2,000; his first assistant, %1,500; supervising princi- pals, $2,000; principal in Gernaan, ^1,500; principal in music, S2,000: principal in drawing, §1,700; prin- cipal in penmanship, §1,500; principal of the normal school, «2,100; assistant in normal school, §1,000; principals of the grammar and primary schools, from *1,000 to S750; teachers of German, from §700 to §650; teachers in gramma; and primary schools, from §625 to §400, according to grade of service, experience and merit. Of all the te:ichers but thirty-five are males, while three hundred and fifty-nine are females. The pres- ent superintendent is Andrew. I. Rickoff; theprincipal of the Central high school is Z. P. Taylor; of the West high school, J. H. Sliults; of the normal school, Oliver Arey. The supervising principal of the first district is H. M. .Tames; that of the second district is L. W. Day. The superintendents of instruction since Mr. Freese, who closed his service in 1861, have been L. M. Oviatt, who served two years; Anson Smyth (ex-State commissioner of schools) who served four years, and the present superintendent, who has been at the head of the department twelve years. The Normal school was four years under the charge Alexander Forbes, and one year under that of Elroy M. Avery (previously, for many years at the head of the East high school). We have thus given an outline history (we could do no more) of one of the very foremost institutions of Cleveland; one which has contributed very much in- deed to its past welfare, and upon which it must de- pend for its future welfare to a still greater extent as the period of its extraordinary growth necessarily merges into one of more moderate and steady pros- perity, as the remarkable facilities for money mak- ing becomes somewliat less fruitful, and as the peo- ple naturally address themselves with more earnest ness toward the deeper problems and higher enjoy- ments of life. THE TRSfLIXE ACAKEJIY. This institution was organized by Bishop Rappe, in August, 1850. The first Ursuline Sisters, four in number, came from Boulogne sur mer, France. In the same year the property on Euclid avenue was pur- chased, at a cost of §12,000, since which time many changes and improvements have been made. The present Mother .Superior has had charge of the acad- emy since its foundation, with the exception of two intermissions of three years each. The institution was incorporated in August, 1854, and chartered as a college, with the power to grant diplomas and confer degrees. la June, 1874. the corporation purchased thirty- seven acres of land on the lake shore, in Euclid, upon which a spacious boarding-school and college is in course of erection. In the academy the Ursuline Sisters conduct a day-school. They also teach in sev- 316 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. eral of the female schools attached to the different Catholic churches throughout the city. Of the Catholic schools for bovs and girls there are no less than sixteen, viz: Immaculate Conception parish school, St. John's parochial school, St. Augustine's school, St. Bridget's school, St. Columba's academj', St. Columbkill's school, St. Joseph's school. Church of the Holy Family school, St. Malaclii's school, St. Mary's school, St. Mary's of the Annunciation school, St. Patrick's school, St. Peter's school, St. Prokop's school, St. Stephen's school and St. Wen- ceslaus" school. Besides these there is St. Mary's theological seminary, a flourishing institution for the instructiou of candidates for the priesthood. THK BKOOKS SCHOOL. A stranger who should chance to be passing the Ontario Street Tabernacle on an exliibition night, and should be attracted by the ringing sound of mil- itary command and the sturdy tramp of time-keep- ing feet_. would perhaps be surprised, on entering the building, to find all this martial clamor emanating from a few score of school-boys, many of them mere children and none having arrived at man's estate. Yet, as he watched the accuracy of their movements with the rifle, observed the energy with which they wheeled their heavy cannon into position, and gazed admiringly on their muscle-straining exercise with the saber, he would be compelled to admit that, tliough not men, they gave ample promise of being competent to play well their part when the responsibilities of man- hood should rest upon them. Yet the Brooks School, at one of the exhibitions of which we have supposed the stranger to be present, is by no means a military institution, but a classical and English school, whereof martial training is only an adjunct. Its originator was the late Eev. Fred- erick Brooks, from whom it takes its name, but he did not live to carry his design into effect. His un- finished plans were taken up in 1874, and with such modifications and improvements as were deemed necessary, were carried out by Mr. John S. White, a graduate of Harvard University, and for three years a master iu the Boston Public Latin School. His success has been of the most pronounced character, not only in securing a numerous attendance, but in maintaining the best discipline and imparting the most thorough instruction. An officer of the L^nited States army is detailed to take charge of the military instruction of the students. OTHER PRIVATE SCHOOLS. There are several other excellent private schools in the city, including the Cleveland Female Seminary, a boarding and day school for young ladies, established in 1854, under the auspices of the Protestant Episco- pal Church; the Cleveland Academy, ou Huron street, a day school for young ladies, founded in 1861; Lo- gan Avenue Seminary, and several others. THE CLEVELAND LIBRARY ASSOCIATIOX. This beneficent society traces its ancestry along a line in which there are several long breaks, to the year 1811, when an attemi)t was made to establish a small library" by an association of seventeen Clevelanders. The war of 1812, and the " hard rimes " which followed it, soon caused the overthrow of this well meant in- stitution. The next effort, of which there is any account, in the way of intellectual improvement, outside of the schools, was the Cleveland Forum, established about 1824:, which flourished for several years, being de- voted principally to debates. This, too, finally dis- appeared. In 1833 a lyceum was formed, which gave its efforts entirely to debates until 183.5, when it estab- lished a reading room, which was sustained by the contributions of the citizens. In 1836 the Y'oung Men's Literary association was organized, which set itself to work in earnest to form a library. For a time it met with marked success, collecting more than a thousand volumes and enlisting much interest. But as in the case first named so in this one, the financial disasters of the period blighted its' energies, and although it struggled on until 1843, yet it was never able to get firmly rooted in the intellectual soil of the city. In the year last named it was dissolved, and the books were scattered among the members and others. Once more, in 184.i, a similar ett'ort was made liy the more enterprising and intellectual young men of Cleveland, who united under the former name of the Y''oung Men's Literary Association, and devoting themselves principally to the collection of a library. This time the attempt was successful, and amid the general prosperity the youthful institution gained a footing which has only grown firmer with advancing years. In 1848 it was legally incorporated, with two hun- dred shares of stock at §10 each, the name being changed to the Cleveland Library Association. It maintained a course of lectures for many years, but these were subordinate to the library, and their profits, often netting from ?1,000 to 82,000 per year, were faithfully applied to increase the number of books. After having for several years occupied a small room on Superior street, it was removed in 18.51 to the Her- ald hmlding; again, in 1856, toXo. 221 Superior street, and finally in 1862 to the "Case building.'' At this place it received a perpetual lease of the rooms it still occupies, from the heirs of Mr. William Case, who had been a warm friend of the institution, and who was understood to have designed those rooms for its use when planning the block. This relieved it from pay- ing rent, but its resources were still meagre, being derived principally from membership fees of three dollars per year and occasional small donations. la 1870 the charter of the association was changed so that, instead of being controlled by annually elected trustees, it was to be managed by live direc- ^^, &.-/fi./^ THE CLEVELAND UAK. 317 tors for life. Those first choseu were Samuel Wil- liamson, James Barnett, H. M. Chapin, William Bingham and B. A. Stanard. Soon afterwards Mr. Leonard Case presented the institution with an en- dowment of S!"^.5,000, and in the summer of the Cen- tennial he astonished the trustees and the city by an extraordinary act of munificence — nothing less than the gift to the association of the Case block, in wliich the library was located, valued at three hundred thou- sand dollars, and actually producing an income of near twenty thousand dollars per year! This splendid gift lias of course placed the associa- tion out of danger of want, and has enabled the di- rectors to make large additions to their literary stores. The dues have been reduced to one dollar per year. The room occupied by the association has been filled to its utmost capacity, with over twelve thousand vol- umes, some of them very rare and valuable works. A competent force of librarians is employed, and is gen- erally kept busy in attending to the wants of the pub- lic. Besides those who loan books, numerous readers are constantly at the tables examining books and mag- azines. In short, there is little doubt that the asso- ciation has entered on a long career of prosperity and usefulness, which cannot but reflect the highest honor on its munificent friend. From the fact tiuit it is located in the Case building, and from the deep im- pression made by the gift just mentioned, the institu- tion is commonly called the Case library, though the real name remains as before — the Cleveland Library Association. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. 'I'iie Cleveland Public Library was originated in 1853, but did not attain very high standing until 1867 when the law authorized the board of education to consolidate the old school libraries and to impose a tax for the sujiport of a single public library. After being located in various rooms, and leasing perma- nent quarters for several years in the city hall build- ing, it has at length been established in a place ad- mirably suited to its needs. On the removal of the Central high school, in September, 1878, to the new structure of Willson avenue, the old high-school building on Euclid avenue, near Erie street, was refitted and a[)propriated for' the use of the public library, the board of education, and other officials of t he schools. The second and third stories are devoted to the use of the library. It contains twenty-six tiiousand volumes, mostly of a popular character, such as are desirable for circulation among the children of the schools and the citizens generally. About tiiree thousand valuable scientific and historical works, however, have been placed in a room by tiiemselves, from which they are not allowed to be taken, Ijeing used only for reference. It is intended to add five thousand volumes annually to the collection, but the expense of refitting and removing to the new quarters has prevented its being done during the present year. The library is free to all residents of the city, and strangers who desire to examine works in the build- ing are most courteously entreated. THE ILKVELAXD LAW LIBRARY. This institution was founded by the Cleveland Law Library Association in 1871, and is located in the court-house. Since its establishment a law has been passed devoting a part of the fines collected in the police court to its support, and making it free to all members of the bar. It is still, however, under the control of the association. It contains about four thousand volumes, many i)f tliem of great antiquity and value. THE KIRTLAND .SOCIETY OF XATLRAL SCIENCE. This institution was founded aud incorporated in the summer of 1869, under the leadership of Dr. Jared Potter Kirtland, from whom it was named. In 1870 it became a department of the Cleveland Library Association. Its museum is in the third story of the Case building. Here may be seen finely mounted specimens of beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles and insects from all j)arts of the country, and some from foreign lands; nearly all donated by eminent citizens of Cleveland. Among these benefactors are William Case, R. K. Winslow, Jolin Fitzpatrick aud Dr. Kirt- land. Though it lacks the popular interest attaching to the library, yet the museum has many visitors, and cannot but exercise a beneficial influence. CHAPTER LXIV. THE CLEVELAND BAH Samuel Huntiugtou— Alfred Kelley— Reuben Wood— Samuel Cowles — Leonard Case— John W. Willey— A Remarkable Coincideuce— Four out of Five still Living — Hard Work — Samuel Starkweather and Sam- uel Williamson— The admissions of 18.35— Thomas Bolton, Hoses Kel- ly, Henry B. Payne and Hiram V. Willson— Outspoken Language- Franklin T. Backus— Rutus P. Spalding. As already mentioned, the bar of Cleveland began its existence with the hjcation at that point of Samuel Huntington, of Connecticut, in the spring of 1801. His jiractice, iiowever, was of infinitesimal quantity, and it is doubtful whether he had a single case in a court of record, not because the people were unwilling to trust him, but because there was no business to be ti'ansacted. Cleveland, east of the Cuyahoga, (the only portion then settled) being a part of Trumbull county, it was almost sixty miles in a straight line through the woods to the county seat at Warren, and much farther by any ])racticable route, and the people were far too poor to seek the more expensive kinds of legal redress under such difficulties. Mr. Hunting- ton may liave occasionally tried a case before a justice of the peace, but that was nearly or quite the sum of his practice. He plunged into politics, however, with such zeal as to occupy his time quite fully, and being, in the spring of 1803. appointed one of the judges of the 318 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. supreme court of Ohio, he gave up whatever trifling practice he may have had, to devote himself to his judicial duties. He removed from the county before leaving the bench, which he did only to accept the office of governor from the peojjle, and consequently his practice in Cleveland, slight as it was, ceased in 1803. After the removal of Judge Huntington, in 1807, the bar of Cleveland had not even a nominal existence for over three years, unless we make an exception in the case of Stanley Griswold, who, we believe, was a member of the profession, and who located at " Doan's Corners" in 1808. He remained, however, but two years, and had no practice worth mentioning. The first Clevelander who became a permanent practitioner was Alfred Kelley, who had the remark- able experience of being admitted to the bar and appointed prosecuting attorney on the day he became twenty-one years old, which was in November, 1810, a year and a half after Cleveland had been made the seat of justice of Cuyahoga county, and six months after that county had been duly organized by the election and appointment of the necessary officers of justice. Even Mr. Kelley's practice was not extensive. Competition is said to be the life of business, and certainly it must be not only lonesome but unprofita- ble for a lawyer to practice law alone. Mr. Kelley usually acted as prosecuting attorney in the few crim- inal cases which were tried in this county; his adroit- ness was frequently tested in suits before justices of the peace, and occasionally he contested civil actions in courts of record with counsel resident in other counties. Mr. Kelley was a man of unquestioned ability and great industry, and withal of good personal presence, whose broad forehead covered an ample brain; whose thin, firm lijjs, betokened an unbending will, and whose clear, blue eye reflected the workings of a can- did mind. Possessing the entire confidence of his fellow citizens, he was several times elected to repre- sent them in the legislature, and in 1822 was ap- pointed canal commissioner. After the construction of the canal was begun, in 1825, he devoted himself entirely to that work, and his subsequent career is narrated in the sketch of his life, which is published a little farther on. The second practitioner came in 1818, a remarkably tall and slender Vermouter, twenty-six years old, six feet three or four inches high, with a keen eye, a sharp face, fair professional knowledge, nnbounded energy and great skill in adapting himself to the exigencies of frontier law-jiractice. This was Reuben Wood, destined to marked prominence as an advocate, as a judge, and finally as governor of the State. With two lawyers in the place business began to grow brisk, and the active young man from the Green Mountains soon showed himself quite able to compete with his earlier rival, or with any one else he was likely to meet in this part of the country. Not, perhaps, so pro- foundly versed in old book-law as a barrister of the In- ner Temple might deem necessary, he had a first-rate practical knowledge of the law necessary to use before an Ohio jury, and had all his knowledge and all his faculties at perfect command during the trial of a case. In the increasing prosperity of the village and county he speedily made his way into a first-rate practice. His career as a public man is outlined in the sketch published in this work. Samuel Cowles, who came about 1819, was an entirely different type of man. Thoroughly read in the law, cautious, industrious and reliable, he lacked the dash of Mr. Wood, and failed to make as rapid headway either in public life or as a jury lawyer. He, however, did a large and lucrative busmess; being one of the safest of counselors, and being implicitly trusted by numerous eastern clients. " His word was as good as his bond," say those who knew him, and in the long run this perfect reliability of character produced its natural results in the acquisition of some of the best kind of business. Some people were a little disposed to sneer at him as "Father Cowles," but "Father Cowles" kept on the even tenor of his way and met with no small share of success. In 1837 he was appointed a judge of the court of common pleas, and died while liolding that office. Leonard Case, a man of somewhat similar type to Mr. Cowles, who came to Cleveland in 1816, did not attempt to practice law until several years later. In fact, he never did a general business; his legal knowledge being confined principally to the laws re- lating to land in the State of Ohio. On this subject he was unsurpassed and perhajDS unequaled, and, as he was one of the most upright of men, his counsel in regard to the law of real estate was considered of great value. As his projterty increased, however, he withdrew from the practice of law altogether, attend- ing only to his land business. His long and benefi- cent career is elsewhere mentioned in this work. John W. Willey, a native of New Hampshire, and a graduate of Dartmouth College, came to Cleveland in 1822, at the age of twenty-five, and speedily ac- quired a good practice. More feeble in body, his t3'pe of mind was something like that of his competitor, Mr. Wood — prompt, alert, vigorous, ingenious, fairly well versed in the-law, and extremely well versed in human nature. These were the qualities most con- ducive to rapid success, and Messrs. Wood and Wil- ley wei'e soon noted as good jury lawyers, and for a time almost monopolized that class of business. Mr. Willey was also an active politician, served several years in the legislature, and was finally appointed jjresident judge of this judicial circuit, and died m that office in 1841. The only person who is known to have joined the Cleveland bar between 1823 and 1826 was Woolsey Welles, a brother-in law of Alfred Kelley, who was admitted in 1823, but remained only two or three years. THE CLEVELAND BAR. 319 But after the canal was begun and the possibilities of Cleveland Ijegau to develop themselves, those who had j)reviously had control of the legal field were not long left to its unchallenged occupancy. And now we come to the most remarkalile coincidence we have met with during our labors as a local historian. In the \car 1826. fifty-three years ago, five young men, from twenty-one to twenty-six years old, residents of Cleveland, were admitted to the bar. These were Horace Foote, William McConnell, Harvey Rice, John W. Allen and Sherlock J. Andrews. Messrs. McConnell, Rice and Allen were admitted together by the circuit court in the summer: Mr. Foote was also admitted in the summer, though separately from the others. Mr. Andrews went to Columbus in De- cember and obtained admission. Of those five young lawyers, four are now living, and all are residents of Cleveland. Every one of those who made Cleveland his permanent home is still living in that city. Mr. McConnell. who was a native of Virginia, practiced only a year or two in Cleveland, then re- turned to Wheeling, in that State, and served awhile as a member of the Virginia legislature, but died there nearly forty years ago. Mr. Foote went to Xew England soon after being admitti^d, and remained there until 1836, wdien he returned to Cleveland, where he has ever since resided. That four out of live young men, thus thrown to- gether, should survive the vicissitudes of American life until all are nearly eighty years old is very re- nnirkable indeed: that in this changeful western world, and especially on the western side of the Al- leghanies. tliey sheuld all four, after so long a period, be residents of the same city in which, then a feeble village, they resided on their admission to profession- al life, is something little less than marvelous. More- over, all the four were natives of New England, and all have met with marked success in their respective careers. Two ( Jlessrs. Allen and Andrews) have been members of congress; Messrs. Andrews and Foote have been judges, and Mr. Rice was long known as a prominent citizen and a successful man of business. Certainly one must needs be tem]jted to doubt the prevalent opinion that American life conduces to break down the health and strengtii of the people. . Cleveland could now be said to have a bar instead of only two or three smart practitioners. Mr. Rice devoted himself more to other labors than to those of the legal profession, and Mr. Foote, as has been said, spent the next ten years at a distance; but Messrs. Allen and Andrews entered at once into the active business of their profession. It is more difficult to speak of the professional acquirements of these than of those who have passed away. Mr. Allen's altility and activity are shown by the fact that in ten vears fiom the time he was admitted to the bar, and while only tliirty-four years of age, he was elected to a seat in the national house of representatives. Judge An- drews" extraordinary powers of labor and endurance are amply evidenced by his continuance in the active duties of his profession for fifty-three years, and until the great age of seventy-eight. And it was no light labor, even physically, that the lawyers of fifty years ago had to perform. Only two or tliree sessions of the higher courts were held at Cleveland during the year. Others were held in sur- rounding counties, and the lawyers frequently had to travel with the courts from one county to another to attend to the business of their widely-scattered con- stituency. In stage-coaches which bounded with joint-racking severity over the stumps and roots of the forest roads: in sleighs, in which an ample sujiply of buffalo robes scarcely jn'otected the inmates from frosted ears and noses: often on horseback, making their way through mud of unconscionable depth, the disciples of Blackstone had no easy road to follow in their pursuit of fame and fortune. As Cleveland in- creased in population, business became more concen- centrated, and for the last- thirty years it has only been on extraordinary occasions that counsel have been required to go elsewhere to try their cases, and then the ready railway lias deprived the journey of all its ancient terrors. After the large crop of enduring young lawyers ad- mitted in 182C, there were no other admissions of Clevelanders to the bar until 1831, when there was one. There was at least one accession in the mean- time, however, that of Samuel Starkweather, who came in 182T. He was a native of Rhode Island, and a graduate of Brown LTniversity, in that State. A man of decided natural abilit_v, he gave himself as much to politics as to law; was collector of customs under Presidents Jackson and Van Buren: was elected mayor of the city in 1844, and was chosen a judge of the common pleas in 18.52, serving five _vears. In 1832 occurred the first admission of one who had been bred from extreme youth at Cleveland. This was Samuel Williamson, wiio practiced successfully until 1872, (except wiiile county auditor for eight years), and who was especially skillful in the management of complicated cases connected with real estate and with the property of deceased persons. In 1833 there were two admissions, one of those admitted being John C. Foote, son of Senator Foote, of Connecticut, whose resolutions — "Foote's Resolu- tions " — gave rise to the celebrated debate between Webster and Hayne. Philip Battell, one of the two admitted in 18:4, was a son-in-law of Senator Sey- mour, of Vermont, an inveterate reader, thoroughly informed on almost every suliject, but not so enam- ored of labor as to address himself seriously to tlie difficult task of making a place for himself among the hard-working, wide-awake members of the Cleveland bar. He [iracticed here but a short time, and then returned to Vermont. In 1835 the numlier of Clevelanders admitted rose to seven, the list being headed by the name of G. W. Lyiiile, wiio is still a resident of the city. Flavel W. Bingham, one of the others then admitted, became an active practitioner and a most worthy citizen, and 330 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. was long a member of the city council. Setli T. Hurcl, also one of the admissions of that year, was a peculiar genius, who had many of the elements of a popular orator. He became, in fact, more famous as a stump-speaker than as a lawyer, and after a few years stay in Cleveland went to Washington, Pennsyl- vania, where he died. Another of the men of 1835 was John Barr, a well read lawyer and a most excel- lent man, who was police judge of Cleveland several years, and who deserves especial mention in a work of this character on account of the intelligent interest which he took in the history of Northern Ohio, and the labor which he spent in collecting manuscripts bearing on that subject. H. L. Hosmer, likewise ad- mitted in that year, was a student of Hon. J. W. Allen. He soon went west, where he had an active career. He was a few years since chief justice of Montana Territory, and is now a resident of San Francisco, California. But the most distinguished of the graduates of that year was Thomas Bolton, a native of Cayuga county. New York, and a graduate of Harvard University, who had arrived at Cleveland the year before, and who very speedily took high rank both as a sound lawyer and a brilliant advocate. Such was his ability and popularity that in four years after his admission he was elected prosecuting attorney on the Democratic ticket, although the county usually gave a Whig ma- jority of fifteen hundred. A large full-faced man, with ample forehead, open countenance and frank de- meanor, his nature corresponded to his appearance, and his genial disposition attracted as much admira- tion as his legal ability. For many years the firm of Bolton and Kelly stood in the front rank of the legal talent of Cleveland. Becoming dissatisfied with the tendencies of the Democracy Mr. Bolton joined the then feeble band of free-soilers in 1848, and aided to organize the Republican party in 1855. By them he was elected judge of the common pleas in 1856, and re-elected in 1861; retiring finally from the bench and bar in 1866. Mr. Bolton's partner, Moses Kelly, a native of Livingston county, New York, who was admitted two years later, was also a graduate of Harvard, and was a man of extraordinary strength of character, whose stern Scotch-Irish features, surmounting a tall, spare form, were the reflex of the unbending soul beneath. Less facile in accommodating himself to circumstances than is usual with Americans, no one ever doubted his great ability or his unflinching principle. Elected to the legislature by the Whigs, he several times op- posed with all his might measures supported by his party, and in nearly every instance the justice and soundness of his course were demonstrated by subse- quent events so plainly that those who opposed him were compelled to admit the propriety of his action. While they were seeking a politic course he worked from principle, which is itself the highest policy. Another young firm formed at this period, which long stood in the very foremost rank of Cleveland lawyers, was that of Payne & Willson, composed of Henry B. Payne and Hiram V. Willson. These gen- tlemen, both natives of Madison county. New York, and both graduates of Hamilton College in that county, came to Cleveland in 1833, entered into part- nership, and for twelve years pursued a professional career of very remarkable success. For several years they brought two hundred and fifty cases in the court of common pleas annually, and defended nearly twice as many. Mr. Payne retired from the profession in 1845, on account of ill health; a sketch of his life is given a few pages farther on. Mr. Willson re- mained in it until 1854, when he was appointed by President Pierce the first judge of the newly created Northern District of Ohio. Though a strong Demo- crat in politics, he was unflinchingly impartial upon the bench, and upon the outbreak of the rebellion he did not hesitate to take the most decisive stand in favor of the maiutainauce of the government. In a charge to the grand jury at that period he said : " Let the motives of the conspirators be what they may, this open, organized and armed resistance of the United States is treason, and those engaged in it justly merit the penalty denounced against traitors." In January, 1864, when excitement was running high in opposition to the draft, and many of his col- leagues were denying its constitutionality. Judge Will- son delivered a charge clearly showing its accordance with the Constitution, and the duty of all good citi- zens to obey the law. Judge Willson died in Novem- ber,. 1866, respected by men of both parties and of all conditions. Franklin T. Backus, a native of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and a graduate of Yale college, was of a somewhat later period, having been born in 1813 and admitted to the bar from the ofBce of Bolton & Kelly in 1839. He soon became a partner of Jesse P. Bishop, and the firm was maintained for fifteen years. Mr. Backus was a good lawyer and a most honorable man. His ability was recognized by the public, and he was twice nominated for judge of the the supreme court of the State; failing to be elected only because his party was defeated. Judge Bishop, his partner, is a native of Vermont but is a graduate of Western Reserve College at Hudson in this State, and was one of the very first graduates of that col- lege — we think the first — to be admitted to the Cleve- land bar. His success as a lawyer and jurist is well known. Any notice of the bar of Cleveland would be iu- comiDlete which did not mention the veteran, Rufus P. Spalding, who has reached the age of eighty-one years and is still one of the leading minds of the city. Born on the Island of Martha's Vineyard in the State of Massachusetts, he was graduated from Yale college in 1817 and, after admission to the bar, practiced for thirty years in Trumbull, Portage and Summit coun- ties in this State. After three years' service on the bench of the supreme court, he removed to Cleveland in 1852, and at once took a leading position at the ^ THE ('levela:xd bar. 321 bar of that city. Elected to congress in 1862, lie en- tered that body at the age of sixty-five, and for six consecutive years performed the duties of a represen- tative with a faithfulness which many younger naen might well have emulated, and achieving a reputation which very few indeed of his colleagues surpassed. After passing the age of seventy he retired from pub- lie life but did not abandon his interest in public affairs, and even yet the voice of the octogenarian lawyer, judge and congressman is occasionally heard in favor of the policy he considered to be sound and the principles he believes to be right. We have now reached the point where we begin to meet the names of those who are still in the active practice of their profession. In fact, we have already casually mentioned one or two of the oldest of them, but have no intention of attempting to settle the rel- ative merits of the present members of such a very active and belligerent profession. AVe subjoin a list of those residents of Cleveland and the immediate vicinity wlio, according to the records of the court, have been admitted to tlie bar from 1810 to the pres- ent time. This does not include accessions from abroad, who formed a large part of the bar, especially in the early days, some of whom have been mentioned, some of whom are still residents here and some of whom have moved away or died, leaving but a faint trace liehiiid. RESIDENTS OF CLEVELAND .VXD Viri N ITY ADMITTED TO THE BAR. 1810— Alfred Kelley. 182:3— Woolsey Welles. 1826— William McConnell, Horace Fonte. Harvey Rice, .lohu W. .\llen Sherlock J. Andrews. 1S.31— Austin C. Penfield. l(t«— John .\. Fonte, E. H. Thompson. ISM— Philip Battel!, Lucius Royce. 1S35— Gen. U'. Lynde, F. W. Bingham. Seth T. Hard, G. W. Cochran, Elijah Bingham, John Barr, Tliomas Bolton. H. L. Hosmer. ISiiJ— Simeon Ford. Lord Sterling. C. L. Russell, Orson St. ,Iohn. 18.ST— Geo. W. Stanley, Moses Kelly, Finlay Strong. 1839— Abram P, Smith. Samuel E. .\dains, Franklin T. Backus. 1840— F. .1. Prentiss, C. T. Blakeslee. William Strong, Royal Stewart. 1(MS-Alvah B. Haight. 1843— John E. Cary. 1814— Chas. L. Fish, Samuel L. .'^lather, A. G. Lawrence. Jas. .\. Cody. 1845— Samuel W. Treat. James Wade. Jr.. Nicholas Bartlett, George B. Merwin. I84ti— William F. Glddings, David D. C. Porter, Samuel W. Holladay. 1847— R. C. McUrath. 181S— James Fitch. Amos Coe. R. B. Dennis. 1849— Chas. W. Noble. Anthony >IcReynoIds, E. O. Clemens. 1851— Jas. R. Skinner. Henry N. Johnson. B. R. Beavis, SamT Ross, Jas. O. Duffy. A. S. Russell. 18.V2— Wm. R. Cameron. Maurice Deitze, Edward H, Thayer. 1853— J. S. Stephenson. Jas. H. Paine. C. W. Palmer. AVm. A. Husband. 1854— Merrill Barlow, P. A. Gollier, Wm. Collins, L. C. Thayer. Theo- dore R. Chase. Louis Ritter, B. H. Fisher, O'Connor B. Duncan. J. 51. Adams. E. C. Kinsman, H. P. Piatt, John AV. Beisley. 185.T— P. H. Breslin, J. E. Ingersoll. 18.5G— Jos. M. Poe. Frederick Hovey, Frederick T. Wallace, Wm J Boardman. X. S. Cozad, Lewis \\. Ford, Geo. S. C'lapp. J. H. Clapp. 1857— Sara'l Starkweather, Jr., Chas. C. Baldwin, Chas, .Vrnold. 1858— W. S. Stetson, Felix Nicola. Eli Bruce, Jas. S. Brown. 1M59— Augustus Van Buren. Geo. S. Mygatt. Isaac Buckingham. Ira Bristol, M. .A. Woodward, Wm. H. Champion, H. D. Paul. Jos. F. Riddle. 1860-Wm. W. Cushing. Jas. H. Hartness. Wm. N. Eyles, Wm. V. Tousley. G. S. Wheaton. J. H. Weld. H. S. Camp. D. K. Carter. Jas. R. Swigart, John Friend. John W. Steele. 1S61— Frank H. Kelley. J. C. Hill, J. H. Hardy, J. D. Fisher, J. C. Hale, A. T. Briusmade, Geo. S. Benedict, Jas. J. Fowler, Horace Clark, Jas. A. Clapp, T. S. Gurney. W. H. Burridge. Jas. W. Smith. R. E. Mis. Sid- 41 ney G. Brock, AVni, \V. Hutchinson, Geo. A. Kolbe, H. S. Seamen, John G. Fay, Jr., E. C. Preston. 1HC2-G. N. Tuttle. S. F. Geil, H. C. White, Wm. H. Taylor, Isaac E. Craig, B. F. Ludlow, Ivory Plaisted. A. G. Quintrell. 1863— J. F. Herrick, Jas. M. Towner, M. G. Watterson, L. A. Russell, E. D. Stark. 1864— Hosea Townsend. C. W. Noble. J. M. Henderson, J. T. Green, D. L. Calkins. 1865— Liberty Ware. Albert Allyn. 186U-Wm. H. Gaylord, P. W. Payne. S. E. Williamson, Sam'l M. Eddy. 1867— Isidore Roskoph, Geo. H. Foster, Chas. M. Vorce, Gustav Schmidt, W. W. Pancrost. 1868— A. R. Jlills. C. L. Richmond, C. M. Stone. F. M. Keith, Jr., Wm. G. Rose. 1869— A. T. Brewer, Arnold Green. G. W. Van Renssalaer, Lucien N. Gilbert. Geo. T. Chapman. 1870. Frank A. Judd, A. Y. Eaton. R. L. Holden J. H Webster. Au- gustus Zehring. H. W. Payne. 1871. L. A. Willson. Jos. W. Sykora, Wm. Clark, F. H. Blerman. John T. Weh A. L. Renaoehl, Dan'l Stephan, Geo. A. Groot, E. W. God- dard Wm. A. Wilcox, H. W. Canfield. Sylvester Gardner, Waldemer Otis.-W. K. Smith. 1872. N. JI. Flick, Geo. A. Galloway. Marcus E. Cozad, U. H. Birney, S. M. Stone. O. J. Campbell. J. P. Dowley, John A. Smith F. C. Fadner, Delos Cook, John W. McGuier. Chas. R. Withicomb. John P. Green, James Quale, Thos. Ewing Geo. F. Peck. 187.3. Wm. H. Sprague, Geo. Schindler. C. C. Lowe, O. C. Pinney- Geo. D. Hinsdale, F. A. Brand. Wm. E. Sherwood, Wm. E. Adams, John C. Coffey. 1874. L. M. Schwan, F. A. Beecher. Wm. McRaynoIds, E. M. Wilson, Frank P. Sykora Milo W. Brand. Frank H. Spencer. E. J. Foster. Jas. B. Eraser O. 6. Getzendanner, S. .\. Schwab, Frank Strauss. 1875. C. W. Coates J. W. Ball F. B. Avery, M. M. Hobart, Wm. B. Sanders, Robt. T. Morrow. E J. Blandin, Alex. Hadden. F. R. Mer- chant, H L. Robinson. Geo. Solders, E. B. Blickensderter. 1876— John R. Ranney, L. J. P. Bishop, E. J. Latimer. George C. Dodge, Jr., A. C. Hord. Thomas H. Graham, E. K. Wilcox, H. P. Bates. Wm. H. Hawkins, Joseph T. Logue. F. W. Cadwell, J. B. Buxton, L. B. Eager, Wm. M. Lottridge, T. D. Peck, J. H. Schneider, Jolm E. Ensign, Gus- tave Young. 1877— John J. Morgan, Jr., James M. Nowak, Charles W. Guernsey, R. R. Holden, Myron T, Herrick. D. A. JIatthews, A. R. Odell, Thos. Evans, Guy W. Kinney, Wm. H. DeWitt. James H. Hoyt. Chas. M. Copp, Wm. H. Osborne, P. L. Kessler. Martin Dodge. Jacob Schroeder, Peter Zuck er, John T. Beggs, Thomas Robinson. 1878— Clark M. Watson, J. F. Wilcoxon, Sam'l Osterhold, C. L. Holtze, Richard Bacon, O. B. Benton, G. A. Brunck, Archibald McKee, F. N. Wilcox. H. C. Ford. Joseph C. Poe, Seth S. Wheeler, P. W. Ward, W. F. Rudy, Frederick Weizman, Wm. E. Cushing, Thos. L. Johnson, James P. Wilson. William H. Rose, R. D. Mix, O. L. Sadler. Samuel S. Marsh. Thos. B. McKearney. 1879- A. J. Santord, G. A Laubsclier, B C. Stark. CHAPTER LXV, CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST, Trustees of Cleveland Town.ship, arranged by Years of Election— Town- ship Clerks— Township Treasurers- Justicesof the Peace— Oflflcers of Cleveland Village, arranged together, by Years of Election— Officers of Ohio City, arranged together, by Years of Election— OfUcers of the City of Cleveland, arranged together, by Years of Election. TOWNSHIP TRUSTEES— H'l'^fc years of Election. 1802, Amos Spaftord, Timothy Doan, William W. Williams: 1803, Amos SpalTord, T. Doan. James Kingsbury; 1804. T. Doan, J. Kingsbury, Lo- renzo Carter; 1805. .V. Spafford. David Dille, .\ugustus Gilbert: 1806, A. Spafford. T Doan. L. Carter; 1807. A. Spafford, T. Doan, J. Kingsbury; 1808, A. Spafford, T. Doan. A. Gilbert; 1809, A. Spafford, T. Doan, Theo- dore Miles; 1810, A. Gilbert, L. Carter, James Hamilton. 1811, A. Gilbert, L. Carter. Nathaniel Doan; 1812. A. Gilbert. Philemon Baldwin. Harvey Murray; 1813. A. Gilbert, P. Baldwin, J. Kingsbury; 1814. Rudolphus Edwards, Theodore Miles, Daniel Warren; 1815, Samuel Williamson. Ozias Brainard, N. Doan; 1816, S. Williamson. George Aiken, Horace Perry ; 1817, Asa Brainard, Job Doan, Isaac Hinckley, (re- signed and S. Williamson elected in his place); 1818, Daniel Kelley, S. WiMiamson, O. Brainard Jr.; 1819, D. Kelley, S. Williamson, Phineas Shepherd: 1820, Samuel Williamson, Daniel Kelley. Seth C. Baldwin. 1881. Horace Perry. Ahimaaz Shenvin, Eleazer Waterman; 1822, Hor- ace Perr>', Eleazer Waterman, Ahimaaz Sherwin; 1823, A. Sherwin, Jiji, Eleazer '^Vaterman, S. Williamson: 1824, .\. Shenvin, Jr., James Strong, Leonard Cage, (resigned and Andrew Logan elected in his place): 1825> Moses Jewett. Wildman White, E. Waterman; 1826. M. Jewett, W. White, 322 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. J. Doan; 188", J. Doan, Peter M. Weddell, Henry L. Noble; 1888, J. Doan. H. L. Noble, Philo Seovill; 1839, D. H. Beardsley, Job Doan, H. L. Noble; 1830. W. White, Andrew Cozad, J. Strong. 1K31. A. Cozad, P. M. Weddell, A. Sherwin, Sr.: 18.32, unknown; 188-3, Robert Gather, P. Seovill, Rufus Dunham; 18.34, P. .Seovill, Charles L. Camp, Ansel Young; I83.i, A. Young. Gurdon Fitch, Sylvester Pease; 1831), Gurdon Fitch, A. Young, John Barr; 1837. Silas Belden, H. H. Dodge, Elias Cozad ; 18.38. H. H. Dodge, John A . Vincent, T . H. Watkins ; 1839, H. H. Dodge, T. H. Watkins, Timothy Ingraham; 1840, R. Gather, P. Seovill, Benjamin Crawford. 1841. J. A. Vincent, B. Crawford, Abijah Wheeler; 1843, J. A. Vincent, A. Wheeler, E. Cozad; 184:S, J. A. Vincent, E. Cozad, George Witherell; 1844, Benjamin Rouse, Horatio Ranuey. R. T. L.von; 1845, H. Ranney, M. M. Spangler. Benjamin C. Walters; 1.840, H. Ranne.i', B. C. Walters, M. M. Spangler; 1847. G. Witherell, Alexander S. Cramer, Benjamin S. Decker; 1848, H. Ranney, John Pritchard, John M. Bailey; I84tl, B. L. Spangler, H. Ranney, William T. Goodwin. In 1.850 the aldermen of the cit.v of Cleveland were made e.r officio trustees of the township. TOWNSHIP CLERKS— ir/Hi Tears of Election. 1803. Nathaniel Doan, re-elected annually until and including 1808; 1809, Stanley Griswold. (Mr. Griswold was elected township clerk im- mediately after serving a session in the United States Senate.) 1810, Erastus Miles, re-elected annually until and including 1814: 1815, Asa- hel W. Walworth, re-elected in 1811; and 1817; 1818, Horace Perry, re- elected in 1819 and 1830; 1831, Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1833 and 1R23; 1834, John Riddall; 1835, Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1830; 1837, Herschel Foote, re-elected in 1838 and 1839; 18:10, S. J. Hamlin; 1831, Dudley Bald- win, re-elected in 1&33; 1833. Edward Baldwin; 1834, Dudley Baldwin; 1835, Edward Baldwin; 1836, George C. Dodge, re-elected in 1837; 1S.38, Henry Sexton, re-elected in 1839; 1840, F. T. Backus; 1841, Jesse P Bishop; 1813, Ellery G. William.s, re-elected in 1843; 1844, E. S. Flint; 1845, Loren Prentiss; 1840, Charles L. Fish; 1847, George W. Lynch; 1818 D. W. Cross, re-elected in 1849. In 1850, the city clerk became ex-officio township clerk. TOWNSHIP TREASURERS- inWi Years of Election. 1804, Timothy Doan; 1805, James Kingsbury; 1806, Lorenzo Carter; 1807, Nathaniel Doan; 1808, N. Doan. 1809, Stanley Griswold; 1810 James Kingsbury; 1811, George Wallace, re elected in 1813 and 1813; 1814, Horace Perry, re-elected in 1815 and 1816; 1817, David Long, re- elected in 1818, 1819 and 1820; 1821, Ashbel W. W*Rvorth, re-elected in 1822; 1823, Iradt Kelley: 1834, Timothy Watkins; 1835, Herschel Foote, re-elected in 1830; 1827. Daniel Kelley. re-elected in 1.S3S; 1839, Peter M. Weddell ; 1830, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Jr., re-elected in 1831, 18.33 and 183:1; 1834, P. M. Weddell; 1835, Daniel Worley, re-elected iii 18:i6 and 1837; 18.38, Nicholas Dockstader, re-elected in 1839; 1840, James H. Kelley, re-elected in 1841 and 1842; 1843, George B. Tibbets; 1844, Henry G. Abbey (resigned and succeeded by William T. Goodwin); 1845, W. T. Goodwin, re-elected in 1840, 1847 and 1848; 1849. George F. Mar- shall, re-elected in 1850; 1851, D. W. Cross; 1852, S. S. Lyon, The city treasurer then became ex-officio township treasurer. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE— Elected for Three I'ec Election. ith Yt of 180:3, AmosSpaflord, Timothy Doan; 1806, A. Spaftord, Nathaniel Doan, Theodore Miles; 1809, Samuel S. Baldwin, A. Spafford, William Coleman'; 1810, James Kingsburv, Erastus Miles; 1811, George Wallace ; 1814; Hor- ace Perry; 1815, Samuel Williamson, Cyril Aiken; 1817, Horace Perry; 1818, S. Williamson, C. Aiken; 1830, Job Doan, Samuel Cowles. 1831, Eleazer Waterman: 182:3, J. Doan, Ashbel W. Walworth; 1884, E, Waterman; 1830, J. Doan, A. \V. Walworth; 1827, E. Waterman; 1889, J. Doan, Harvey Rice: 1830, Gordon Fitch; 18:31, Orville B. Skinner; 1832, J. Doan; 183.3, Varnum J. Card; 1834, Andrew Cozad; 1835, George Hoad- ley; 18.36. G. Fitch; 1837, Samuel Underbill; 18.38, A. D. Smith, G. Hoad- ley; 18:39, Isaac F. Benedict; 1840, John Day, John Gardner. 1841, G. Hoadley, J. Barr; 1842, I. F. Benedict; 1843, Isaac Sherman, Edward Hessenmueller, Melancthon Barnett: 1844, G. Hoadley, J. Barr; 1840 Chas. L. Fish, M. Barnett, E. Hessenmueller; 1847, J. Barr, James D. Cleveland; 1849, E. Hessenmueller. George B. Tibbits, George W. Lynde; 1850, J. D. Cleveland, J. Barr; 1853, Erastus Smith, E. Hessen- mueller, G. B. Tibbits; 1853, J. T. Philpot, .Alinon Burgess; 1855, E. Hes- senmueller, G. B. Tibbits, H. H. Holden; 1850, Isaac C. Vail, George H. Benbam, Henry Chapman; 18.58, John R. Fitzgerald, Madison Jliller, E. Hessenmueller, G. B. Tibbits, Wells Porter; 1859, G. H. Benham, Sam- uel Foljambe. 1801, Julius H. Brown, Joseph S. Allen. G. B. Tibbits, E, Hessenmuel- ler, W. Porter; 1803, G. H. Benham, J. R. Fitzgerald ; 186:3, Daniel Stephan, Frederick A. Brand; 1864, George Hester, George A. Kolbe, W. Por- ter; 1805, G. H, Benham; 1806, F. A. Brand, D. Stephan; 1867, Horace N. Bill, G. Hester, G. A. Kolbe, W. Porter; 1808, George Arnold; 1869, F. A. Brand, D. Stephan; 1870, Edgar Sowers, Homer Strong, David L. Wood, G. A. Kolbe, Perry W. Payne; 1873, George T. Smith, D. Stephan; 1873, John P. Green, H. P. Bates, E. W. Goddard, H. Strong, G. A. Kolbe; 1874, Charles H. Babcock; 1875, Frederick Buehne; 1876, E. W. Goddard, Al- bert H. Weed, B'elix Nicola, A. J. Hamilton. J. P. Green, Truman D. Peck, W. K. Smith, H. P. Bates; 1877, Charles H. Babcock. OFFICERS OF CLEVELAND Vlhl.A.GE— Arranged According to Years of Election. 1815, President, Alfred Kelley i resigned in March, 1816, and his father, Daniel Kelley, appointed); trustees, David Long, Samuel AVilliamson, Nathan Perry ; recorder, Horace Perry ; treasurer, Alonzo Carter ; mar- shal, John A. Ackley. 1810. President, D. Kelley; trustees, D. Long, S. Williamson, G. Wal- lace; recorder, H. Perry; treasurer, Ashbel W. Walworth; marshal, Irad Kelley. 1817. The same. 1818. The same. 1819. President, D. Kelley; trustees, D. Long, S. Williamson, William Bliss ; recorder, H. Perry ; treasurer, A. W. Walworth ; marshal, Eleazer Waterman. 1820. President, Horace Perry; (also later, Reuben Wood); trustees, Wildman White. Silas Walworth, Irad Kelley; recorder, Samuel Cowles; (succeeded in August of same year by Reuben Wood); treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal, John Burtis; followed by Harvey Wellman. 1821. President, Leonard Case; trustees, H. Perry, Asahel .^bell, Philo Seovill; recorder. E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W, Walworth; marshal, Harvey Wellman. 1823. The same. 1833. President. L, Case; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williimson, Ziba Wil- lis; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal H. Wellman. 1834. President. E. Waterman; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. ^^■. Walworth; marshal. H, Wellman. 1885. Records incomplete. Trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder.'E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth. 1826. Records incomplete. Trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth. 1887. President, H. Perry; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman (resigned and Orison Cathan appointed in his placei; treasurer, A. W. Walworth. 1888. President, Samuel Cowles; trustees. James S. Clark, D. Long, P. Seovill; recorder, D. H. Beardsley; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; mar- shal, Silas Belden. 1829. President, D. Long; trustees, Peter M. Weddell, Ahimaaz Sher win, Jr., John W. Allen; recorder, D. H. Beardsley; treasurer, .\. W. Walworth; marshal, S. Belden. 18.30-:31. President, Richard Hilliard; "trustees, Thomas P. May, Ed- mond Clark, Newton E. Crittenden; recorder, James L. Conger; treas- urer, Daniel Worley; marshal, S. Belden. 1831. President, R. Hilliard; trustees, T. P. May, E. Clark, N. E. Crit- tenden; recorder, James L. Conger; treasurer, Daniel Worley; marshal, S. Belden; prosecuting attorney, James L. Conger; office abolished after one year. 1888. President, J. W. Allen; trustees, T. P. May, D. Long, S. Pease; recorder, O. B. Skinner: treasurer, D. Worley; marshal. S. Belden. 1,833. President, J. W. Allen: trustees, T. P. 31ay, Nicholas Dock- stader, D. Long: recorder, O. B. Skinner; treasurer, D. Worley; mar- shal, Richard Bailey. 1834. President, J. W. Allen; trustees, Charles JI. Giddings, E. Clark, Elisha T. Sterling (resigned and John G. McCurdy appointed in his stead); recorder, O. B. Skinner (committed suicide, and John A. Foot, appointed in his place); treasurer, Daniel Worley; marshal, William Marshall (died and John Wills appointed in place) ; surveyor and street commissioner. Aliaz Merchant. 18.35-:30. President, J. W. Alien (resigned and Samuel Starkweather, appointed in his place); trustees, N. E. Crittenden, Samuel Cook, Wil- liam Lemen; recorder, Edward Baldwin; treasurer, N. Dockstader; marshal, Ehjah Peet ; surveyor and street commissioner, Ahaz Merchant. OFFICERS OF OHIO CITY— Arranged bij Years of Election. 1836. Mayor, Josiah Barber; president of council, Riohaid Lord; couneilmen, Horatio N. Ward, William Burton, Richard Lord, E. Conk- lin, Francis A. Burrows, C. E. Hill, Luke Risley. EdgarSlaght, E. Folsom, Cyrus Williams. Norman C. Baldwin, B. F. Tyler; recorder, Thomas Whelpley, (succeeded by C. L. Russell); treasurer, Asa Foot; marshal, George L. Chapman. 1837. Mayor, Francis A. Burrows; president of council, N. C. Bald- win; couneilmen, William Burton, E. Conklin, H. N. Ward, L. Risley, C.E.Hill, N. C. Baldwin, C. Williams. E. Folsom, J. Barber, S. W. Sayles, Daniel Barstow, Edward Uronson; recorder, C. L. Russell, (suc- ceeded by Horace Foote); treasurer, Daniel C. Van Tine; marshal, G. L. Chapman. 1838. Mayor, N. C. Baldwin; president of council, E. Bronson; coun- eilmen, H. N. Ward, C. E. Hill, C. Williams, Charles Winslow, Needham M. Standart, William H. Hill, George C. Huntington, D. Barstow, E. Bronson, J. Barber, W. Burton, S. W. Sayles; recorder, H. Foote; treasurer, D. C. Van Tine ; marshal, G. L. Chapman. Q/' .^-2- i« II CLEVEJ.AND CIVIL LIST. 323 1839. Mayor, N. C. Baldwin; president of council, C. C. Waller; councilmen, C. L. R'lssell, C. C. Waller, F. A, Burrows, Samuel H. Fox. H. A. Hurlburt, Daniel Santord, S. M. Standart, H. S. Ward, C. E. Hill, W. H. Hill. C. Williams. C. Winslow; recorder, Horace Foote; treasurer, I). C. Van Tine: marshal, Oeorge L. Chapman. 1840. Mayor. Needham M. Standart; president of the council. C. C. Waller; councilmeu, C. L. Russell, C. C. Wallei-, F. A. Burrows, S. H. Fox. H. A. Hurlburt, D. Sanford. S. W. Sayles. Homer Strong. Andrew- White, Benjamin Sheldon, B. F. Tyler, D. H. Lamb; recorder, J. F. Tain- tor; treasurer. D. C. Van Tine; marshal. G. L. Chapman. 1841. Mayor, K. M. Standart: president of council, Richard Lord; councilmen, S. W. Sayles. B. Sheldon, H. Strong, B. F. Tyler, A. White, C. L. Russell. D. H. Lamb. R. Lord, Albert Powell. Ephraim Wilson, Julius A. Sayles. C. A. Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer. S. H. Fox, niai'shal, H. Strong. 184i Mayor. F. X. Burrows: president of council. R. Lord; council- men, E. Wilson. C. A. Russell. J. A. Sayles, R. Lord. D. C. Van Tine, A. Powell. D. Grifflth, H. G. Townsend, G. L. Chapman. Morris Hepburn, S. W. Sayles, B. Sheldon: recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, H. N. Ward; marshal, H. Strong. 1843. Mayor. R. Lord; president of council, S. W. Sayles; councilmen, A. Powell. Peter Barker. Thomas Armstrong. L. L, Dairis, J. A. Sayles, .Seth W. Johnson, r. h. Russell. David Grifflth. S. VV. Sayles, G. L. Chap- man, B, Sheldon. M. Hepburn: recorder. C. E. Hill; treasurer, H. N. Ward; marshal, H. Strong; street supervisor, George Osmun. 1844. Mayor. D. H. Lamb: president of council, R. Lord; council, men, E. T. Sterling, E. R. Benton, R. Lord, E. Hunt, B. Sheldon, G. W. Jones, A. Powell, J. A.. Sayles, L. L. Davis, S. W. Johnson, P. Barker, C- L. Russell; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. E. Hill; marshal, H. Strong; street supervisor, G. Osmun. 184.). Mayor. D. H. Lamb; president of council. R. Lord; councilmen, Joseph B. Palmer, Ambrose Anthony, L. L. Davis, D. Sanford, J. A. Sayles. A Powell. E. R. Benton, R. Lord, E. T. Sterling, B. Sheldon, G. W, Jones, E. Hunt; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. Winslow; mar- shal, Edgar Slaght; street supervisor, George Osmun. 1846. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, B. Sheldon; council- men. G. L. Chapman, B. Sheldon, S. W. Turner. G. Folsom. S. W. John- son, John Beverlin, J. B. Palmer, -A. Anthony, D. Sanford, L. L. Davis, A. Powell, J. A. Sayles: recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. Winslow; marshal, G. Osmun; street supervisor. William H. Newton. 184T. Mayor. David Grifflth; president of council, B. Sheldon; coun- cilmen. C. L. Russell, L, L. Davis, R. L. Russell, H. Strong, Philo Moses, Irvine U. Masters. B. Sheldon, G. L. Chapman, S. VV. Turner, G. Folsom, S. W. Johnson. J. Beverlin; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer. S. J. Lewis; mai'shal, X. D. White; street supervisor, William Hartness. 1848. Mayor, John BeverUn; president of council, H. Strong; coun- cilmen, Thomas Lindsay, William S. Levake, James Kirby, F. B. Pratt. D. S. Degroate, H. X. Bissett. C. L Russell, L. L. Davis, H. Strong, I. U. Masters, P. Moses, R. L, Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, C. Winslow: marshal, Lyman Whitney; street supervisor, W. H. New- ton. isin Mayor, Thomas Burnham; president ot council, R. B. Piatt; councilmen, E. Slaght. E. M. Peck, Uriah Taylor, Martin Smith, A. W. Merrick. J. l;eanson, James Kirby, F. B, Pratt. H. N. Bissett, S. C. Degroate, Thomas Lindsay, Mark Harrison; recorder, J. A. Kedington; treasurer, C. Winslow; marshal. A. P. Turner: sti-eet supervisor, W. H. Newton. 1851). Mayor, Thomas Buinham: president ot council. F. B. Pratt; councilmen. C. L. Russell. E. C. Blish. John Kirkpatrick. M. L. Hooker, F. B. Pratt, Thomas Lindsay. Uriah Taylor, A. W. Merrick. E. Slaght. M. Smith. E. M. Peck. J. Beanson; recorder, J. A, ReJington; treasurer, G. Folsom; marshal, G. Osmun; street supervisor, W. H. Newton, 1851. Mayor, Benjamin Sheldon; president of council, C. L. Russell; councilmen, William B. Guyles, D. P. Rhodes, A. Anthou.v, W. H New- ton, T. Burnham, D. Sanford, F. B. Pratt. E. C. Blish, M L. Hooker, T. Lindsay, C. L Russell, John Kirkpatrick; recorder, C. E. Hill: treasurer, G. Folsom; marshal, E. H. Lewis; street supervisor, G. Osmun. 185J. Mayor, Benjamin Sheldon; president of council, C. Winslow; E C. Blish; councilmen. H. Strong, D. C. Maylor, C. Winslow, E. C. Blish. J. Kirby, M. Crapser. D. Sanford, D P. Rhodes, W. H. Newton, T. Burnham. W. B. Guyles, A. Anthony; recorder. C. E. Hill; treasurer. Sanford J. Lewis; marshal, Nathan K. McDole: street supervisor, A. C. BearJsley . isj:). Mayor. William B. Castle: president of council, A. Powell; trus- tees, D. C. Taylor, Wells Porter, Daniel O. Hoyt, Plimmon C. Bennett, A. Powell. Charles L. Rhodes (resigned and A. C. Messenger appointed in his place); recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer. S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. K. JIcDole; street supervisor, N. K. McDole. IS51. Mayor. W. U. Castle; president of council, A. Powell; trustees, W. Porter, P. C. Bennett, Charles W. Palmer. A. 0. Messenger, A. Pow- ell, I. U. Masters, Frederick Silberg. Edward Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. J. Lewis: marshal. N. K. McDole: street superiisor. D Griffith. OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF CLEVELAND-^craiiged According to Years of Service. * 183r.. .Mayor, .lohn W. Willey; pre.sident of counril, Sherlock J. An- drews; Aldermen. Richard HilUard. Joshua Mills. Nicholas Dookstader; councilmen— 1st Ward, Morris Hempburn, John R. St. John, William V. Craw— and Ward. J. Andrews. Henry L. Noble. Edward Baldwin— 3rd Ward, Aaron T. Stickland. Horace Canfleld, .Archibald M. C. Smith; attorney, H. B. Payne; treasurer. Daniel VVorley; civil engineer, John Shier: clerk, Henry B. Payne, (succeeded by George B. Jlerwiuj: street commissioner, Benjamin Rouse; marslial, George Kirk; chief of fire department, Samuel Cook. 18:i7. Mayor. J. W. Willey; president ot council, J. Mills; aldermen, J Mills. N. Dockstader, Jonathan .Williams; coucilmeu— 1st Ward, George B. Merwin, Horace Canfleld, Alfred Hall— 2nd Ward, E. Baldwin, S. Cook, H. L. Xoble— 3rd Ward, S. Starkweathei-, Joseph K. Miller, Thomas Colahau: attorne.v, H. B. Payne; treasurer, D. Worley; civil engineer. J. Shier: clerk. Oliver P. Baldwin: street commissioner, W. J. Warner; marshal. George Kirk; chief ot fire department, William Milford. 18,38. Ma.yor, Joshua ilills; president of council, N. Dockstader; aldermen, N. Dockstader, Alfred Hall, Benjamin Harrington; council- men— 1st Ward, George C. Dodge, Moses A. Eldridge, Herrick Childs— and Ward. Benjamin Andrews. Leonard Case, Henry blair — 3rd Ward, Melancton Baruett, T. Colahan, T. Lemen; attorney, Moses Kelley; treasurer, Samuel Williamson: civil engineer, John Shier; clerk, A. H. Curtis: street commissioner, John Wills; marshal. Geo. Kirk; chief (ft fire department. Tom Lemen. 1839. Mayor, Joshua Mills; president of council, John A. Foot; alder- men. Harvey Rice, E. Baldwin, Richard Hilliard:oouncilmen— 1st Ward, George .Mendenhall. Timothy P. Spencer, Moses Ross— 2nd Ward. J. A. Foot. C. M. Giddings. Jefferson Thomas — 'ivd Ward, Thomas Boliou, T. Lemen. John A. Vmcent; attorney, Moses Kelly: treasurer, Samuel Williamson: clerk, James B. Finney; street supervisor. John Wills: marshal. Isaac Taylor; chief of fire department, J. R. St. John. 1840. Mayor, Nicholas Dockstader; president ot council, William Milford; aldermen, W. Milford. William Lemen. Josiah A. Harris; councilmen— 1st Ward. Ashbel W. Walworth. David Hersch, John Barr —2nd Ward, David Allen, J. A. Foot, Thomas M. Kelley— 3rd Ward, Stephen Clary, Charles Bradburn, J. A. Vincent; attorney, George A. Benedict; treasurer. Timothy Xngraham; clerk, James B. Finney; street supervisor, J. Wills; market clerk. L. D. Johnson; marshal, Isaac Ta.y- lor; chief of fire department. J. L. Weatherby. 1841. Mayor, J. W. Allen: president of council, T. Bolton; aldermen. W. Milford, T. Bolton, Newton E. Crittenden; councilmen— 1st Ward, Nelson Hay ward, Herrick Childs, George B. Tibbets— 2nd AVard, M. Kelley. W. J. Warner. M. C Younglove— 3rd Ward. Philo Scovill, Benja- min Harrington, Miller M. Spangler; attorney, Bushnell White; treas- urer, T. Ingraham: clerk. Madison Kelley; street supervisor, Jefferson Thomas; market clerk, B. S. Welch; marshal. James A. Craw; chief of fire department, J. L. Weatherby. 1843. Slayor, Joshua JUlls; president of council, B. Harrington; alder- men. X. Hay ward, William Smyth. B. Harrington; councilmen — 1st Ward, William D. Sott, Robert Bailej-, Henry Morgan— 2nd Ward, George Mendenhall, George Witherell. J. Thomas— 3rd Ward, William T Goodwin. George Kirk, Levi Johnson; attorney, Joseph Adams; treasurer, G. B Tibbets: clerk, Madison Kelley; street supervisor, Chas. F. Lender; market clerk, B. S. Welch; marshal, Seth A. Abbey; chief of fire department, M. M. Spangler. IWi. Mayor. Xelson Hay ward ; president of council. G . A. Benedict ; aldermen, W. D. Xoit. S. Cook. S. Starkweather; councilmen— 1st Ward, R. Bailey, John R. WigUian, James Church, Jr.— and Ward, S. Clary, Alanson H, Lacy, G. A. Benedict— 3rd Ward, W. T. Goodwin, J. Wills, Alexander S. Cramer; attorney, B. White; treasurer, G. iS. Tibbits; clerk, M, Kelley; street supei-visor, Sylvester Remington; market clerk, B. S. Welch; marshal, S, A. Abbey: chief ot fire department, John Outhwaite. 1844. Mayor. Samuel Starkweather; president of council. M. Barnett; aldermen. Leander M. Hubby, S. Clary, W. T. Goodwin; councilmen— 1st Ward, Thomas Mell. George F. Marshall, E. st. John IJemis-and Ward. Charles Stetson. Jacob Lowmau, John Outhwaite— 3rd Ward, William F. Allen, M. Barnelt, John F. Warner; attorne.v. B. White; treasurer. 51. M. Spangler: clerk. ?I. Kelley; street supervisor. John Wills; market clerk, Benjamin Rose; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of fire department, M. M. Spangler. 1845. Jlayor, Samuel Starkweather; |>resident of council. F. W'. Bing- ham; aldermen, C. W. Heard. G. Wilherell, L. O. Mathews, couucilnien —1st Ward. F. W. Bingham. Peter Caul, Samuel C. Ives— and Word, James Gardner, Ellery G. Williams, David L. Wood— 3rd Ward, Arthur Hughes, John A. Wheeler, Orville Gurley; attorney, Geo. W. Lynde; treasurer, James E. James; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, Myron ■Each year of oSllclal service extends over until after the electii next year. 324 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Dow: market clerk, George Overacker: marshal, Stough ton Bliss; chief of Are department, A. S. Sanford. 1546. Mayor. George Hoadley: president of Council, L. M. Hubby; aldermen. L. M. Hubby, JohnH. Gorman, J. A. Harris; councilnien— 1st Ward, E. S. Bemis. John F. Chamberlain, John Gill— and Ward, William Case. William Bingham, John A. ^"heeler— 3rd Ward, William K. Ad- ams, Marshall Carson, Liakim L. Lyon; attorney, Samuel Williamson; treasurer, M. M. Spangler; clerk, James D. Cleveland: street supervisor. W. R. Richardson, (succeeded by Asa D. Howard): market clerk, Fred- erick Whitehead; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief offlre department, John Gill. 1547. Mayor. Josiah A. Harris; president of council, F. W. Bingham; aldermen, F. W. Bingham, W. Case. Pierre A. Mathivet; councilmen — 1st Ward, David Clark Doan, Henry Everett, John Gill— 2nd Ward, John Envin, Charles Hickox, H. B. Payne— 3rd Ward, Alexander Seymour, Alexander S. Cramer, Orville Gurley; attorney, William Strong, treas- urer, M. JI. Spangler; clerk. John Coon; street supervisor, J. Wills; market clerk, Benjamin Ross; marshal, B. Giles (succeeded by S. A. Abbey) ; chief of Are department, M. M. Spangler (succeeded by A. S. Sanford). 1&48. Mayor, Lorenzo A. Kelsey ; president of the council, F. W. Bing- ham: aldermen, F. W. Bingham, W. Case, Alexander Strong: council- men— 1st Ward. Richard Norton, John Gill, Charles M. Read— 2nd Ward, H. B. Payne, L. M. Hubby, Thomas C. Floyd— 3rd Ward, S. Starkweath- er, Robert Parks. William J. Gordon: attorney, Jabez W. Fitch; treas- urer, 31. M. Spangler: clerk, J. B. Bartlett: street supervisor. Jacob Mitchell: market clerk, O. F. Welsh: marshal, S. A. Abbay: chief of fire department, S. S. Lyon. 1R19. Mayor. Flavel W. Bingham ; president of council. William Case: aldermen, W. Case, .\lexander Seymour, John Gill: councilmen— 1st Ward, David W. Cross, R . Norton, H. Everett^2nd Ward, Alexander Mcintosh, John G. Mack, James Colyer— 3rd Waid, Arthur Hughes. Abner C. Brownell. Levi Johnson; attorney, J. W. Fitch; treasurer. George C. Dodge; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, Henry Mor- gan; market clerk, O. F. Welch; marshal. S. A. Abbey; chief of flre department, James Bennett. 1850 Mayor. William Case; president of council, Alexander Sey- mour; aldermen. A. .Seymour, J. Gill, L.M. Hubby; councilmen— 1st Ward, William Given, George ^\^litelaw, Buckley Stedman—8nd Ward, .Alexander Mcintosh, W. Bingham, S, Williamson— .3rd Ward, Arthur Hughes, A. C. Brownell, L. Johnson; attorney, John E.Cary; treasurer, William Hart; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, Jacob Mitchell; market clerk. JIayne Potter: marshal, S. A. .ibbey; chief ol fire depart- ment, M. M. Spangler. 1851. Mayor. William Case: president of council, J. Gill: aldermen, J. Gill. L. M. Hubby. A C. Brownell. Buckley Stedman ; councilmen— 1st Ward, J W. Fitch, G. 'Uliitelaw- 3nd Ward, A Mcintosh, Thomas C. Floyd— 3rd Ward, Stoughton Bliss, M. M. Spangler— llh Ward, Mar- shall S. Castle, James B. Wilbur; attorney, .John C, Grannis; treasiu-er, William Hart: clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, William Given; market clerk. Mayne Potter; marshal, James Lawrence: chief of flre department, 31. M. Spangler. 1859. JIayor, Abner C. Brownell: president of council, L. 31. Hubby; aldermen. John B. Wigman. L. 31. Hubby, Bazil L. Spangler. B. Sted- man; councilmen— 1st Ward. H. Jlorgan. Aaron Jlerchant— 2nd Ward, William H. Sholl, Robert B. Bailey-3rd Ward. S. Bliss, John B. Smith— 4th Ward, Admiral N. Gray, Henry Howe; attorney, John C. Grannis; treasurer. William Hart; clerk. J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, Lewis Dibble; market clerk, Clark Warren, succeeded by Erastus Frissell and Lambert White; marshal, J. Lawrence; chief of fire department J W Fitch. 1853. Mayor, .ibner C. Brownell: president of council, William H. Sholl; trustees— 1st Ward, John B. Wigman. George F. 3Iarshall— 2nd Ward. William H. Sholl, James Gardner— 3rd Ward. William J. Gordon, Robert Reilley-^th Ward, H. Everett. Richard C. Parsons; sohcitor, James Fitch; treasurer, William Hart: civil engineer, J. W. Pillsbury; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioners— for three years, .\. 3IcIntosh— for two years, John 31. Hughes— for one year, John A. Wheeler; superintendent of markets, W. A. Norton; marshal', 3Iichael Gallagher: police judge. John Barr: police clerk, O. J. Hodge; police prosecuting attorney, Bushnell WHiite; chief of flre department, William Cowan. 1854. Mayor, Abner C. Brownell; president of the council, R. C. Par- sons; trustees— 1st Ward, J. B. Wigman, Charles Bradburn— 2nd Ward. W. H. Sholl, J. Gardner— 3d Ward, Christopher 3Iollen. R. ReiUey^tth Ward, H. Everett, R. C. Parsons— 5th Ward, Chauneey Tice, Jiatthew S. Cotterell— (ith Ward, Bolivar Butts, John A. Bishop— Tth Ward, W. C. B. Richardson. George W. 3Iorrill— .sth Ward, A. C. 31essenger. C. W. Pal- mer— 9th Ward, W. Porter. Albert Powell— 10th Ward, Plimmon C. Ben- nett, Irvine U. Masters— 11th Ward. Edward Russell. Frederick Silberg; solicitor, J. W. Fitch : treasurer. W. Hart : civil engineer, J. W. Pillsbury ; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner. John Erwin; superintendent of markets, W. A. Norton; marshal, Michael Gallagher: police judge, John Barr: police clerk, O. J. Hodge; police prosecuting attorney, Bushnell 'White (R. D. Noble, pro tern); chief of fire department. 3V. Cowan. 1H55. 3Iayor, William B. Castle: president of council. C. Bradburn; trustees— 1st Ward. C. Bradburn, E. A. Brock— 2nd Ward, W. H. Sholl, William T. Smith— 3rd Ward. C. Jlollen. Thomas S. Paddock— 4th Ward, William H. Stanley, Rensselaer R. Herrick— oth Ward. Chauneey Tice, Irad L. Beardsley— 6th Ward, B. Butts, J. A. Bishop— Tth Ward, W. C. B. Richardson. George W. 3Iorrill— Sth Ward. C. W. Palmer. S. W. John- son— 9th Ward, A. Powell, William A. Wood— 10th Ward, I. U. JIasters, Charles A. Crumb— 11th Ward, Edward Russell. Stephen Huhrer; solic- itor, John Coon: treasurer, W. Hart: civil engineer, G. A. Hyde; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett: city commissioner, Ambrose Anthony : superintendent of markets, F. C. Babbitt : marshal, David L. 3Vood: police judge, S. A. Abbey: police clerk, O. J. Hodge; police pros- ecuting attorney, A T. Slade; chief of flre department. James Hill. 1856. 3Iayor, William B. Castle: president of council, C. W. Palmer; trustees— 1st Ward, E. A. Brock, A. P. Winslow— 2nd Ward, W. T. Smith, O. 31. Oviatt— 3rd Ward. T. S. Paddock, C. Mollen-4th Ward, R. R. Herrick, C. S. Ransom-5th 3Vard, Chauneey Tice. F. T. Wallace— Bth Ward J. "A. Bishop," H. Rice— Tth Ward, George W. 3Iorrill, E. S. Willard— 8th Ward, S. W. Johnson, R. G. Hunt— 9th Ward. S. J. Lewis, C. W. Palmer— 10th Ward. C. A. Crumb. I. U. 3Iasters— 11th Ward, S. Buhrer, John Kirpatrick: solicitor, J. Coon: treasurer, W. Hart: civil engineer, G. A. Hyde: clerk. J. B. Bartlett: auditor J. B. Bartlett: city commissioner, J. B. Wigman : superintendent of markets, F. C. Babbitt; marshal D. L. Wood: police judge. S. A. Abbey: police clerk, Jesse Palmer; police prosecuting attorney. A. T. Slade: chief of fire depart- ment, James Hill. 2857. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather: president of council. Reuben G. Hunt: trustees— 1st Ward, A. P. Winslow, L. J. Rider— 3nd Ward, 0, 31. Oviatt, Charles D. Williams— 3rd Ward, C. JloUen, Charles Patrick — 1th Ward, C. S. Ransom. R. R. Herrick— Sth Ward. F. T. Wallace, William B. Rezuer- 6th Ward. H. Rice. Jacob 3Iueller— Tth Ward, E. S. Willard. John \. Weber— 8th Ward, R. G. Hunt. B. G. Sweet— 9th Ward, C. W. Palmer, James 31. Coffinberry — 10th3Vard, I. U. 3Iasters. C. A. Crumb — 11th AVard. J. Kirkpatrick, Daniel Stephan; attorney, John W. Heisley; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, G. A. Hyde; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor. J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, Peter Caul; superintendent of markets, Edward Russell: marshal, 31. Gallagher; police judge. Isaac C. Vail; police clerk, J. Palmer; chief of flre department, J. Hill. 1858. 3Iayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, J. 31. Cof- finberry; trustees— 1st Ward, L. J. Rider, George B. Senter— 2d 3Vard, C. D. Williams, O. 31. Oviatt^:3d Ward, Levi Johnson, Randall Crawford —4th Ward. R. R. Herrick, C. S. Ransom— 5th Ward, William B. Rezner, G. H. Detmer— 6th Ward, J. 3Iueller, L. D. Thayer— Tth Ward. J. A. Weber, Thomas Thompson— Sth Ward, B. G. Sweet, C. Winslow— 9th Ward, J. 31. Coffinberry. John N. Ford; 10th Ward, A. G. Hopkinson, I. U. 3Iasters; 11th 3Vard, D. Stephan. Alexander McLane; attorney, J. W. Heisley: treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, C. D. Bishop; clerk, J. B. Bartlett: auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, A. C. Beardsley; superintendent of markets, E. Russell: marshal, M. Gallagher; police judge. Isaac C. Vail; police clerk, J. Palmer; chief of fire department, James Hill. 1859. 31ayor. George B. Senter: president of council, I. U. Masters; trustees— 1st Ward, L. J. Rider, James Christian— 2nd Ward, O. 31. Ovi- att, William H. Hayward— 3rd 3Vard, R. Crawford. Louis Heckman — 4th Ward, C. S. Ransom, Isaac H. 3Iarshall— 5th Ward, G. H. Detmer. Jacob Hovey- fith Ward, L. D. Thayer, Jared H. Clark- Tth Ward, Thomas Thompson, James R. Worswick— 8th Ward, C. Winslow, C. L. Russell— 9th Ward. John H. Sargeant, E. H. Lewis— 10th 3Vard, I. C. Blasters, A. G. Hopkinson— 11th Ward. A. McLane, Thomas Dixon; attorney, Chas. W. Palmer: treasurer, William Hart: civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor. J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, Samuel Erwin: superintendent of markets, W. G. Stedman: marshal, James A. Craw': police judge. A. G. Lawrence, police clerk, Jacob Schroeder; chief of fire department, James Hill. 1860. 3Iayor, George B. Senter; president of council, I. U. Masters; trustees— 1st Ward, James Christian, Thomas Quayle — 2nd Ward, W. H. Hayward, O. 31. Oviatt— Srd Ward. L. Heckman. Henry S. Stevens— 4th Ward, I. H. 3Iarshall, E. Thomas— 5th 3Vard, Jacob Hovey, W. B. Rezner— 6th Ward, J. H. Clark, C. J. Ballard— Tth Ward, J. R. Wors- wick, E. S. Willard— 8th Ward, C. L, Russell, J. Dwight Palmer— 9th Ward, E. H. Lewis. William Sabin— 10th Ward, A. G. Hopkinson, I. U. Masters — 11th Ward, Thomas Dixon, Daniel Stephan; attornej', W. Palmer; treasurer, 3V. Hart: civil engineer, John Whitelaw: clerk, J B. Bartlett: auditor. J. B. Bartlett: city commissioner, R. Crawford: superintendent of markets, William Sanborn; marshal, James A. Craw; police judge, A. G. Lawrence; police clerk, J. Schroeder: chief of fire department, James Hill. 1861. Mayor, Edward S. Flint; president of council, H. S. Stevens; trustees— 1st Ward. T. Quayle. J. J. Benton— 2ud Ward, O. M. Oviatt, T. N. Bond— Srd Ward, H. b. Stevens, A. C. Keating— Ith Ward, E. Thomas, Henry Blair— Sth Ward, W. B. Rezner, Joseph Sturges— 6th Ward, C. J. Ballard, William 31eyer— Tth Ward, F. S Willard, P. 31. Freese — Sth 3Vard, J. Dwight Palmer. Solon Corning— 9th 3Vard, Wil- ^Y>W^i 4}>^ASU I CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST. 325 liam Sabin, A. Anthony- 10th Ward. I. U. Masters, William Wellhouse — lllh Ward, J. Coonrad, Thomas Dixon; attorney, Merrill Barlow; treasurer. W. Hart; civil engineer, John Whilelaw: clerk, C E. Hill; auditor, J. B I'artlett; street commissioner. Edward Russell; superin- tendeutof markets, W. G. Steadman; police judge, Isaac C. Vail; po- lice clerk, J. Schroeder; marshal. C. X Hinckley: chief of Are depart- ni'-nt, Edwin Hart. 18li3. Mayor, Edward S. Flint ; president of council, Irvine U. Masters; trustees— 1st Ward, J. J Benton. C. C. Rogers -2nd Ward, T. N. Bond. A. Roberts— 3rd Ward, A. C. Keating, H. S. Stevens — 1th Ward, Henry Blair, E. Thomas— .'ith Ward. Joseph Sturges, Nathan P. Payne— 6th Ward, John Huntington, William Meyer— Tth Ward, P. M. Freese, E. S. Willard— 8th Ward, Solon Corning, J. D. Palmer— 9th Ward. A. Anthony. .V. T. Van Tassel— 10th Ward. William Wellhouse. I. U. Masters— llth Ward, J. Coonrad, Thomas Dixon; attorney, ."(lerrill Barlow: treasurer, William Hart; civil engineer, Charles D. Bishop; clerk, C. E. Hill; audi- tor, J. B. Bartlett; street commissioner, Edward Russell; superintend- ent of markets, G. Folsom: judge of police court, Isaac C. Vail (Edward Hesseiunueller, protem); police clerk. J. Schroeder; marshal. 31. Gal- lagher: chief of fire department. Edwin Hart. 1863. Mayor, Irvine U. Masters: presiilent of the council. H. S. Stevens; trustees— 1st Ward, C. C. Rogers. Thomas Jones. Jr.— 2nd Ward, .\. Roberts. T. N. Bond— 3rd Ward, H. S. Stevens, A. C. Keating — 1th Ward, E Thomas, Henry Blair- 5th Ward, N. P. Payne, Joseph Sturges— 6th Ward, John Huntington, George W. Gardner— Tth Ward E. S. Willard. Peter Goldrick— sth Ward. Joseph Ransom. J. D. Palmer— (Ith Ward, A. T. Van Tassel, Percival Upton— 10th Ward, H. N. Bissett George Presley— llth Ward. J. Coonrad. Stephen lUihrer: attorney, John C. Granuis; treasurer. W. Hart; civil engineer. J. H. Sargeant; clerk, C. E Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill: street commissioner, John Given; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom: police judge, E. Hessenmueller: police clerk. J. Schroeder; marshal, John X. Frazee: chie f of Are de- partment, Edwin Hart. 1864. Mayor. Irvine U Masters: (died, and George B. Senter elected by council in his place): president of council, Thomas Jones. Jr. ; trus- tees— 1st Ward, T. .Jones. Jr. ; Charles C. Rogers— and Ward. T. X. Bond. Ansel Robei'ts— 3rd Ward. A. C. Keating. Amos Townsend -4th Ward. Henry Blair, David A. Dangler— oth Ward. Joseph Sturges B. P. Bower —6th Ward, G. W. Gardner. .John Huntington— 7lh Ward, Peter Gold rick. E. S. \\ illard— sth Ward. Joseph Randerson. William H. Truscott — 9th Ward, P. I'pton. John ^lartin— 10th Ward, George Preslej', Michael Crapser— nth Ward, S. Buhrer, E. Russell; attorney, J. C. Grannis: treasurer, Wm. Hart: civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk. C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner. John Given; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom: police judge. E. Hessenmueller; police clerk, J, Schroeder; marshal, J. X. Frazee: chief of Are department, J. Hill. 1865. Mayor, Herman M. Chapin; president of council, T. Jones, Jr.; trustees— 1st Ward. C. C. Rogers, T. Jones, Jr.— 2nd Ward. A. Roberts Henry K. Raynolds— 3rd Ward, A. Townsend, R. Crawford — Ith Ward, r>. A. Dangler, Pimson Thorman— .5th Ward, B. P. Bower, Joseph Stur- ges— 6th Ward. John Huntington. George W Calkins- 7th Ward, E. S. Willard, Charles U. Pettingill-Kth Ward. W. H. Truscott. Joseph Ran- derson— 9lh Ward, John Martin. Freilerick W. Pelton— 10th Ward, John J. Weideraan, George Presley— llth Ward, E. Russell, S. Buhrer; attor- ney, R. B. Dennis; treasurer, William Hart: civil engineer. John White- law: clerk, C. E. Hill: auditor. C. E. Hill: street commissioner. J. Coon- rad; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, S. A. Abbey: police clerk, D. N. Gardner: marshal, Jacob W. Schmitt; chief of Are department, J. Hill. 1866. JIayor, Herman M. Chapin; president of council, F W Pelton. trustees— 1st Ward. T. Jones, Jr., C. C. Rogers- -.'d Ward, H K. Ray- nolds. A. Roberts— 3rd Ward, R. Crawford. A. Townsend— 4th Ward, S Thorman, Maurice B. Clark— 5th Ward, J. Sturges, William Heisley— 6th Ward, G. W. Calkins. J. Himtington- Tth Ward, C. B. Pettingill, Chris- t. ipher Weigel— 8th Ward, Joseph Randerson, W. H. Truscott— 9th Ward, K W. Pelton. J. Martin— 10th Ward. Reuben H. Becker, G Presley -llth Ward, S. Bahrer, Robert Larmier; attorney, R B Dennis; treasurer, William Hart: civil engineer, ,Iohn Whitelaw; clerk, C. E. Hill: audi- tor, C. E. Hill: street commissioner, J. Coonrad: superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, S. A. .\bbey: police clerk, D. N. Gardner; snperintendent of police, J. N. Frazee: chief r.f Are depart- ment, J. Hill. 1867. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer: president of council, A. Townsend; trustees— 1st Ward, C. C. Rogers, Silas Merchant-2nd Ward, A. Rob- erts, Peter Diemer— 3rd ward, .\. Townsend, J. C. Shields— 4th Ward, Maurice B Clark, Proctor Thayer— ith Ward, W. Heisley, Thomas Pur- cell— 6th Ward, J. Huntington, Edwin Hart— 7th Ward, Christopher Weigel. C. B. Pettingill— 8th Ward, W. H. Truscott, Joseph Houstain— 9th Ward, J. Martin, F. W, Pelton— 10th Ward, R. H. Becker, William Wellhouse— nth Ward, R. Larnder, Charles E. Gehring; attorney, A. T. Brinsmade; treasurer, W Hart: civil engineer, Charles H. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, J. Coonrad: super- intendent of markets, G. Randerson; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. X. Gardner: superintendent of police, John X. Frazee; chief of Are department, J. Hill. 41 A 1868. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer: president of council. A. Townsend; trustees— 1st Ward. S. Merchant, C. C. Rogers— 2nd Ward, Peter Diemer, H. G. Cleveland-3rd Ward J. C Shields. A. Townsend— 1th Ward, Proctor Thayer. M. B. Clark— Sth Ward, Thomas Purcell, X. P. Payne— 6th Ward, Edwin Hart, J. Huntington— Tth Ward, C. B. Pettingill, George Angel-8th Ward, Jos. Houstain, Patrick Carr- 9th Ward, F. W. Pelton, John JIartin— lOth Ward, William Wellhouse, J. J. Weideman— llth Ward, Chas. E. Gehring, George L. Hartnell— 12th "Ward, Eugene C. Gaeckley. Benjamin R. Beavis— 13th Ward, George Rettberg, Jlajor Col- lins— 14th Ward. John Jokus, .\. E. Massey— I5th Ward. B, Lied, John .\. Ensign: attorney, A. T. brinsmade: treasurer, W. Hart; civil engi- neer, C. H. Strong; clerk, C. E, Hill; auditor, C E. Hill; street com- missioner, J. Coonrad; superintendent of markets, Geoi'ge Randerson; police judge. S. A. .\bbey; police clerk. D. X.Gardner; superintendent of police, Thomas McKinstry: chief of Are department, J . Hill. 1869. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer: president of council. .V. Townsend; trustees— 1st Ward, S. ^lerchant, C. C. Rogers— 2nd Ward, H. G. Cleve- land, P. Diemer— 3rd Ward, A. Townsend, Charles Coates— 4th Ward, R. R. Hetrick, Proctor Thayer— Sth Ward, X. P. Payne, Thomas Purcell— 6th Ward. John Huntington, W. P. Horton— Tth Ward, George Angel, Horace Fuller— Sth Ward, Patrick Carr, Patrick Smith— Uth Ward. J. Martin, L. M. Coe— lOth Ward, J. J. Weideman, William Wellhouse— llth Ward, George L. Hartnell, John G. Vetter— 12th Ward. Benj. R. Beavis, E. C. Gaeckley— 13th Ward, George Rettbeig, J. H. Slawson— Uth Ward. A. E. Massey. A. A Jewett— 15th Ward — J. A. Ensign, C. W. Coates; attorney, T. J. Carran: treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, C. U. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. K. Hill; street commissioner, Jacob Bittel: superintendent of markets, G. Randerson; police judge, J. D. Cleveland: police clerk, D. X. Gardner; superintendent of police, T. McKinstry: chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1.S70. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend; trustees— 1st Ward, S. Jlei-chant, George Weckerling— 2nd Ward, P. Diemer, J. P. Robinson— 3rd Ward, C. Coates. A. Townsend— 4th Ward, P. Thayer, H. W. Leutkemeyer— Sth Ward. Thomas Purcell, X. P. Payne —6th Ward, W. P. Horton. J. Huntington— Tth Ward, Horace Fuller, George .\ngel— Sth Ward. Patrick Smith, Edward Costello— 9th Ward, L. M. Coe. J. Martin— 10th Ward, William Wellhouse. L. D. Benedicts— llth Ward— J. G. Vetter, Jacob Dahler— I2th Ward, E. C. Gaeckley, Benj. R. lieavis— 13th Ward, J. H. Slawson, George Rettberg— 14th Ward, A. A. ■lewett, A. E. Massey— 15th Ward, Cullen W. Coates, James Paiker: at- torney, T. J. Carran; treasurer. S. T. Everett; civil engineer, Charles H. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill: street commissioner, Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets. George Randerson; poUce judge, J. D. CleveUnd; police clerk, D. X. Gardner; superintendent of police, John H. - illiston: chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1871. Mayor, Frederick W. Pelton: president of council, .-i. Town- send; trustees— 1st Ward, George Weckerling, S. Jlerchant— 2nd Ward J. P. Robison, W. H. Gaylord— 3rd Ward A, Townsend, J. H. Farley— 4th Ward, H, W. Luetkemeyer. Orlando J. Hodge— .Jth Ward, X. P. Payne, Thomas Purcell— (ith Ward, J. Huntington, W. P. Horton— 7th Ward, George Angel. J. L. Mclutosh — 8th Ward. Edward Costello, Patrick Smith— 9th Ward, L. M. Coe, .John Martin— 10th Ward, L. D. Benedict, S. 11. Crowl— llth Ward, .Jacob Dabler. J. G. Vetter— I2th Ward, B. R. Beavis, John Hornsey- 13th Ward, G. Rettberg, J. H. Slaw- son-14tb Ward. M. J. Holly, .\. .V. Jewett-lSth Ward, James Parker, J. Y. Black; solicitor. W. C. Bunts: treasurer. S. T. Everett: civil en- gineer, C. H. Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner. Jacob Bittel ; superiutendent of markets. William Backus: police judge, J. W. Towner: police clerk, D. X. Gardner: police prose- cuting attorney, C. M. Stone; superintendent of police, Jacob W. Schmitt; chief of Are department. J. Hill. 1872. Mayor, Frederick W. Pelton; president of council, A. Town" send; tnistees— 1st Ward, S. Merchant, J. C. Graimis— 2nd Ward. W. II Gaylord, Philip Roeder— 3rd Ward, J. H. Farley, A. Townsend— 4th Ward, O. J. Hodge, George M. Barber--5th Ward, T. Purcell, W. B. Rez- ner— 6th Ward. W. P. Horton. J. Huntington— Tth Ward, John L. Mc- intosh, George Angel— 8th Ward. P. Smith. E. Costello— 9th Ward. L. M. Coe. J. .Martin- 10th Ward, S. H. Crowl, L. D. Benedict— llth Ward, J. G. Vetter, Charles Higgins— 12th Ward, John Hornsey, Frederick Halt- north— 13th Ward, J. H. Slawson, C. Delaney-14th Ward, A. A. Jewett, N. P. Glazier— 15th Ward, J. Y, Black, J. B. Bruggeman; solicitor, W. C. Bunts; treasurer, S. T. Everett ; civil engineer, C. H. Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges: auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner. Jacob Bittel: super- intendent of markeis, Wm. i ackus; police judge, J. W. Towner: police clerk, D. X. Gardner: police prosecuting attorney, C. M. Stone; super- intendent of poUce, Jacob W. Schmitt: chief of Are department, J. Hill. 18T3. Mayor. Charles A. Otis: president of council. A. Townsend; trustees— 1st Ward, J. C. Grannis, Jacob Striebinger— 2nd Ward, P. Roeder, W. H. Gaylord— 3rd Ward, A. Townsend, James Barnett — 4th Ward. J. J. Vogt, O. J. Hodge-5th Ward, W. B. Rezner, T. Purcell— 6th Ward, W. P. Horton, J. Huntington- Tth Ward, G. Angel, Edward Angell-«th Ward, E. Costello, William Kelly— 9th Ward, A. T. Van Tas- sel, George T. Chapman— 10th Ward, L. D. Benedict, W. M. Bayne— llth Ward, Charles Higgins. E. Russell- 12th Ward. F. Ortli. John Honisey —13th Ward. C. Del iney, W. C. Xorth— 14th Ward, X. P. Glazier, George W. Morgan— 15th Ward, J. B. Bruggeman, J. W. Grimshaw— 16th Ward- 32G THE CITY OF CLEVELAM). H. H. Thorp, Frank H. Kelley— i:th Ward, Robert Harlow. Charles D. Everett: solicitor, W. C. Bunts; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, Charles H. Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges: auditor, T. Jones, Jr.: street commissioner. Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, J. G. Vetter; police judge. .S. A. Abbe.v; police clerk, D. N, Gardner; police prose- cuting attoiney, C. JI. Stone: superintendent of police, J. W Schmitt: chief of fire department, James Hill. 1874. Mayor, Charles A. Otis; president of council, H. Kelley: trus- tees-lst Ward, J. Striebinger, Hazen Hughes— 3nd Ward. W. H. Gay- lord. Henry C. Burt— 3rd Ward. J. Barnett, John H. Farley-^th ^'ard, O. J. Hodge, Daniel Marshall-5th Ward, T. Purcell. James McGrath— 6th Ward. W. P. Horton, Joseph Hackman— 7th Ward. E. Angell. C. Kushman— 8th Ward. William Kelley, O. J. Gallagher— 9th Ward, G. T. Chapman, A. T. Tan Tassel— 10th Ward, W. 31. Bayne. S. Buhrer— 11th Ward, E. Russell, Charles Higgins— lith Ward. J. Hornsey. Henry Hoff- man— i:5th Ward, W C. North. J. C. Hemmeter— 14th Ward. G. W. Jlor- gau. Ferdinand Eggers— 15th Ward. J. W. Grimshaw. Jas. K. O'Reilly— li;th Ward. Frank H. Kelley. H. C. Ford— 17th Ward. C. D. Everett, C. B. Lockwood— 18th Ward. E. T. Hamilton, Joseph Tumey; solicitor, Georges. Kain: treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil tngineer, Charles H. Strmg; clerk. Theo. Voges; auditor. T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner; Jacob Bittel: superintendent of markets. J. G. Vetter; police judge. S. A. Abbey; police clerk. D. N. Gardner; police prosecuting attorney, C. M. Stone; superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt: chief of fire departs ment, J. Hill. 1873. Mayor, Nathan P. Payue: president of council, J. H, Farley; trustees— 1st Ward. Hazen Hughes. N. S. Cobleigh— Snd Ward, H. C. Burt, C. H. DeFo:-est— .3rd Ward, J. H. Farley. P. L. Johnson— 4th Ward, Daniel Marshall, O. J. Hodge— .ith Ward, James McGrath, Peter Goldrick— ilth Ward, Joseph Hackman, W. P. Horton— Tth Ward, C. Kushman. Arthur Devine— sth Ward O. J. Gallagher, William Kelley— 9th Ward. A. T. Van Tassel, F. J. Weed— lOth Ward, Stephen Buhrer, W. M. Bayne— nth Ward, Charles Higgius, John Sommer— 13th Ward, Henry Hoffman, E. C. Gaeckley— i:3th Ward. J. C. Hemmeter, J. M. McKinstrj-- 14th Ward, Ferd. Eggers. Ferdinand Svoboda— loth Ward, J. K. O'Reilly, A. A. Axtell— 16th Ward, H. C. Ford, William Sabin— 17th Ward, M. B. Gary. C. D. Everett— 18th Ward. Joseph Turney. E, D. Sawyer; solicitor, William Heisley; treasurer. S. T. Everett; civil en- gineer, B. F. Morse; clerk, John L. Mcintosh: auditor, T. Jones, Jr. ; street commissioner, J. G. Vetter: superintendent of markets, Edward Russell: police judge, P. F. Young: police clerk. F. E. JIcGinness: police prosecuting attorney, M. A. Foran: superintetfdent of police, J. W. Schmitt : president of Are commissioners. N. P. Payne ; chief of fire de- partment. J. A. Bennett. 1876. Mayor, Nathan P. Payne; president of council, Orlando J. Hodge; trustees— 1st Ward, N. S. Cobleigh. T. M. Warnef- 8nd Ward, C. H. De Forest, G. W. Gardner— .3d Ward, P. L. Johnson, J. H. Farley— 4th Ward, O J. Hodge, T. H. White— 5th Ward, P. Goldrick, Joseph Keary— 6th Ward. W. H. Horton, John T. Watterson— 7th Ward, Arthur Devine, E. Angell-8th Ward, William Kelley. D. J. Lawler— 9th Ward, F. J. Weed, W. A. Morris— 10th Ward, W. M. Bayne, W. E; Sherwood— 11th Ward. John Sommer. Martin Hipp— 13th Ward. E. C. Gaeckley, Thomas Holmden— 13th Ward. J. JI. McKiustry, J. M. Curtiss— 14th Ward, Ferd. Svoboda, F. H. Barr- 15th ^Vard, A. A. Axtell. J.' W. Grimshaw— 16th Ward. William Sabin, Henry Ford— 17th Ward, C. D. Everett, A. H. Stone— 18th Ward, E. D. Sawyer, George C. Hicfcox; so- hcitor, William Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer. B. F. Morse; clerk. John I.. Mcintosh: auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commis- sioner, J. G Vetter: superintendent of markets, Edward Russell: poUce judge, P. F. Toung; police clerk, Frank E. McGinness; poUce prosecut- ing attorney. M. A. Foran; superinteudent of poUce. J. W. Schmitt; pres- ident of fire commissioners, Joseph Turney; chief of fire department, J. A. Bennett. 1877. JIayor, William G. Rose; president of council, Charles D. Ev- erett; trustees — 1st Ward. T. M. Warner. J. Striebinger— 3nd Ward. G. W. Gardner, David Morison— 3rd Ward, J. H. Farley, C. C. Schellentra- ger — 1th Ward, Thomas H. White. P. M. Spencer— 3th Ward. Joseph Keary, Thomas Reilley— 6th Ward, J . T. Watterson; S. M. Carpenter— 7th Ward, E. Angell. W. C. B. Richardson— 8th Ward, D. J. Lawler, C. L. RusseU— 9th Ward. W. A. Morris, Frank Leonard— 10th Ward, W. E. Sherwood, Andrew Cant— 11th Ward, 31. Hipp, George Warner— I3th Ward, T. Hohnden, F. G. Kaufholz-13th Ward, J. M. Cuitiss, I. P. Lam- son— 14th Ward, F. H. Barr, H. F. Hoppeusack— 15th Ward, J. W. Grim- shaw, Charles Strever— 16th Ward, Henry Ford, A. K. Spencer— 17th Ward, C. D. Everett, A. H. Stone— 18th Ward, George C. Hickox, William Jones: solicitor, W. Heisley: treasurer, S. T. Everett: civil engineer, B. F. Morse: clerk. J. L. Mcintosh; auditor. T. Jones, Jr.; street commis- sioner, J, Bittel; supeiintendent of markets. Conrad Beck: police judge, R. D. Vpdegraff; police clerk. O. S. Gardner; police prosecuting attor- ney. U. H. Birney; superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt: president of fire commissionrs. Joseph Turney: chief of fire department, J. A. Bennett. 1878. Mayor. William G. Rose: president of council. Charles D. Everett; trustees — 1st Ward. T. M. Warner. Jacob Striebinger — 2nd Ward. George W. Gardner, David ?lorison — 3rd Ward, C. C. Schellen trager. George W. Segur — 4th Ward. P. M. Spencer. Edgar Decker— 3th Ward, Thomas Reilley. J. Jackson Smith— lith Ward. S. 31. Carpenter N. A. Gilbert— 7th Ward, W. C. B. Richardson, Arthur Devine— 8th Ward, C. L. Russell, John Darragh— 9th Ward, Frank Leonard. H. M. Townsend— 10th Ward. Andrew Cant. C. B. Clark— 11th Ward. George Warner, Robert M. Cordes— 13th Ward. F. G. Kautholz, Frank Rieley— 13th Ward, J. M. Curtiss, J. P. Lamson— 14th Ward. H. F. Hoppen.sack. Ferd. Eggers— 1.5th Ward. J. W. Grimshaw. Charles Strever— 16th Ward, A. K. Spencer. .Alva J. Smith— 17th Ward. C. D. Everett, A. H. Stone— 18th Ward. William Jones. William H. Lutton; solicitor. William Heisley; treasurer. S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F. Morse: clerk. W. H. Eck- man; auJitor. Henr.r Ford; street commissioner, Jacob Bittell: super- intendent of markets. Conrad Beck; president of board of police, W. G. Rose; judge of police court. R. D. Updegraff; police clerk, O. S. Gard- ner: police prosecuting nttrrney. U. H. Birney; superintendent of police. Jacob W. Schmitt ; president of board of fire commissioners. W. H. Radcliffe; chief of fire department. J. A. Bennett. 1879. Mayor, R. R. Herrick: president of council, G. W. Gardner: trustees — 1st Ward. T. M. Warner. Chas. Burnside— 2nd Ward. Geo. W. Gardner. David Morison — 3rd Ward. Geo. W. Segur, C. C. Schellen- trager — 1th Ward, Edgar Decker, P. M. Spencer— 5th Wanl, J. J. Smith. Thos. Reilley— 6th Ward. N. A. Gilbert. J. B. Glenn— Tth Ward. Arthur Devine. H. Bowley— Sth Ward. John DaiTagh, E. Cowley— 9th Ward, H. M. Townsend, Frankhn Leonard— 10th Ward, C. B. Clark. G. L. Luce— 11th Ward, C. H. Salisbury, Milton A. Gioss— 12th Ward, T. P. O'Shea. Henry Hoffman— 13th Ward. J. M. Curtiss, T F. Branch— 14th Ward, Frank Buettner, T.' G. Clewell— 1.5th Ward, J. W. Grimshaw, A. A. Axtell— 16th Ward, Albert Barnitz. A. K. Spencer— 17th Ward, A. H. Stone, W. F. Walworth— l8th Ward. W. H. Lutton, W. H. Lamprecht; solicitor, William Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett: civil engineer, B. F. Morse: clerk, W. H. Eckman; auditor. Henry Ford; street conmiis- sioiier, Frank Riele.v : superintendent of markets, Conrad Beek : police judge, P. F. Toung; police clerk. WUiiam Baxter: police prosecuting attorney, A. H. Lewis; superinteudent of poUce. J. W. Schmitt: presi- dent of fire commissioners. W. H. Radcliffe; chief of fire department, J. A. Bennett. SUPERIOR COURT OF CLEVELAND. The first court of this name was organized in 1848. and abolished bv the constitution of 1830. Sherlock J. Andrews was the only judge. Another court of the same name, with three judges, was established in 1873 and abolished in 1875; three judges being then added to the court of common pleas. The judges of the superior court were G^rshom M. Barber, Seneca O. Griswoldand James M. Jones. POSTMASTERS AT CLEVELAND— Wi(/i the Years o/ Ajiiiointment. Elisha Norton. 1803; John « alworth, 180(J; Ashbel W. IValworth, 1812; Daniel Kelley, 1816; Irad Kelley, 1816; Daniel Worley, 18^30; Aaron Bar- ker, 1840; Benjamin Andrews, 1841: Timothy P. Spencer, 1846; Daniel M. Haskell, 1849; I. U. Gray, 1853; Benjamin Harrmgton, 1857; Edwin Cowles, 1861; George A Benedict. 1865; John W Allen, 1870; N. B. Sher. win, 1875. COLLECTORS AT CLEVELANT)— TTftt Years of Ai>poiiitment. John Walworth, January 17, 1806; Ashbel W. Walworth, 1812; Samuei Starkweather, 1829; George B, Merwin, 1840; William Milford, 1841 : Smith Inglehart, 1845; C. L. Russell, 1849; Robert Parks, 1853; B. Brownell, 1860; Charles L, Ballard, April. 1861; John C. Grannis, April, 1863; Pen- dleton G. Watmough, 1869; George W. Howe, 1877. /7/F.^/o ^;^-tyL^f.^€^ BIOURAl'HICAL SKETCHES. 327 CHAPTER LXVI. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES J. W Alleu— S. J. Amlivns— W. W. Armstrong— E. I. Balilwiu— Me- lancthon Barnett— G. A. Benedict— H. F. Biggar— Willani Bowler— Alva Bradley — Francis Branch— Gains Burk— Stevenson Burke— Leon- ard Case— Selah Chamberlain— Henry Chisbohn— William Chisholm — Ahira Cobb— J. M. CofBnberry— William Collins— E. W. Cowles— Edwin Cowles— Samuel Cowles— D. W. Cross— John Crowell. JOHN W, ALLEN. John W. Allen was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1802. He resided in Chenango county, XewYork, from 1820 to 1825, when he removed to Cleveland, where he has ever since lived. He was admitted to the bar the next year, and for several succeeding years was engaged in the active practice of his pro- fession. In 1831 Mr. Allen was elected president of the vil- lage of Cleveland, and was re-elected each of the suc- ceeding four years. During this time a great amount of grading and cutting down streets was done to facilitate access to and from the river; causing loud complaints from many property-owners, who thought nature had already arranged the grades about right. In 1835 he was chosen to the State senate, in which he served two years. In 183G he was elected to Con- gress, taking his seat at the extra session called in September, 1837, and in 1838 was re-elected. In 1841 he was elected mayor of the city of Cleveland. Looking ahead to the probable necessities of the future, while in the legislature, he procured the pas- sage of an act to incorporate the "Cleveland, Colum- bus & Cincinnati Railroad Company," but the memorable financial collapse of 1837, extending through several subsequent years, prevented action upon it. In 184G the subject was revived, and after many struggles the company was organized, and Mr. Allen was chosen the first president. About that time "The State Bank of Ohio" was authorized, with branches in the principal towns of the State; five commissioners being appointed to ex- amine the applications, ascertain the means of the a])plicants, and determine whether the law had been complied with. Mr. Allen was selected as one of these commissioners. Another subject on which he was long and earnestly employed was the settlement of the claims of Ohio in regard to the public lands. At an early day Congress had granted to the State of Ohio every alternate sec- tion of the public lands for five miles in width, on each side of the line of the proposed Maumee canal, in aid of its construction, and had also granted half a million acres in aid of the Ohio canal, on which tliere were no public lands. This latter land was to be selected out of any unsold pul)lic territory. In making the selections of these lands, many mistakes were made through ignorance or carelessness, and many tracts to wliicii the State had no claim were sold the occupants of which were liable to be dis- possessed at any moment. The State had made two or three settlements with the general government, and its officers had thrice acknowledged satisfaction in full, but Mr. Allen, believing that some of the rules on which settlement was made were grossly erroneous, proposed to the legislature, in the winter of 1849-50, to make a thorough examination and revision of the whole busi- ness. That body consented, and the governor, under its authority, appointed Mr. Allen as the agent to do the work. For his compensation he was to have one third of any additional lands he might obtain; the State in no event to be called on for expenses of any kind. By getting the rules governing the former settle- ment modified or reversed, and thereby extending the scope of the grants, and by securing two acts of Congress, the last ceding to the State not only all the lands erroneously selected, but all the scattered remnants of government land in the State, Mr. Allen added one hundred and twenty thousand acres to the amount previously admitted by the govern- ment to belong to Ohio — and secured a perfect title to every acre of it. To accomplish this required five years of time, and involved a heavy outlay for ex- penses. LTufortunately for Mr. Allen, during all this time the State officers had gone on selling land, and when he had finished his work there was but little left, and that of slight value. After years of jiainful delay, he was compelled to take in money about one-sixth part of what his third of the land would have been worth had it been conveyed to him as agreed. This is the only case of practical repudiation with which the great State of Ohio stands chargeable, so far as now known. In 1870 ilr. Allen was appointed post master of Cleveland, and was re-appointed in 1874, Init resigned the position the following year. Mr. Allen was married, at Warren, Ohio, to Miss Anna Maria Perkins, who died the succeeding year. In 1830 he was married, at Lyme, Connecticut, to Miss Harriet C. Mathew, who is still living. Among the enterprising and energetic young men who lived in Cleveland in its early days, no one was more conspicuous or more serviceable in advancing the interests of the village and city than the subject of this sketch, according to the testimony of Cleve- land's oldest and most reliable inhabitants. SHEKLOCK J. ANDREWS. This gentleman, a sou of Dr. .lohn Andrews, was born in Wallingford, Xew Haven county, Connecti- cut, on the 17th of Xovember. 18(11. His father was a prominent physician of Wallingford, and in later years was a resident of Cleveland. The younger An- drews pursued his preparatory studies at the Episco- pal academy at Cheshire, Connecticut, and subse- quently entered Union college at Schenectady, New I York, whence he was graduated in 1821. 328 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Subsequently he was employed as private secretary and assistant in chemistry by Professor Silliman, a relation which proved equally satisfactory to both. Professor Silliman says of him in his diary: "He was a young man of a vigorous and active mind, energetic and quick in his movements and decisions, with a warm heart and genial temper: of the best moral and social habits: a quick and skillful penman; an agree- able inmate of my family, in which we made him quite at home. * * * He continued about four years, serving with ability and the zeal of an affection- ate son. without whom I could scarcely have retained my place in the college." During the above engagement Mr. Andrews had studied law at the New Haven law school, and in 1825 he removed to Cleveland where, after obtaining ad- mission to the bar, he commenced the practice of his profession in company with Judge Samuel Cowles. In 1828, he married Miss Ursula Allen of Litchfield, Connecticut, daughter of John Allen, a member of congress from that State, and sister of Hon. John W. Allen, of Cleveland. Soon after the retirement of Mr. Cowles, Mr. An- drews formed a partnership with John A. Foot, Esq., to which in 1837 Mr. James M. Hoyt, was admitted, the firm being Andrews, Foot and Hoyt, for many years among the most successful general practitioners in northern Ohio. In 1840 he was elected to reprer sent the Cleveland district in Congress and served one term, after which he was obliged, on account of im- paired health, to retire from public life and frbm the most active part of professional duty. He continued, however, to act as counsel and advocate in important cases until 1848, when he was elected judge of the superior court of Cleveland. In 1850 he was chosen a member of the convention to form the rfe,w bonsti- tution of Ohio, and rendered valuable service as a member of the committees on judiciary, revision and temperance. The new constitution having revised the judiciary system and dispensed with the superior court. Judge Andrews resumed his legal practice. In 1873 he was again chosen one of the members of the convention to revise the constitution of the State, having received the nominations of both the Eepublican and Democratic parties. His ripe experience and superior ability were here called into lequisition to aid in the im- provement of the judiciary system. He was made chairman of the committee having this matter in charge, a position which he filled in the most satis- factory manner. Judge Andrews early won great celebrity as an advo- cate, and for forty years held a place in the front rank of the bar of Ohio. In a cause in which he was satis- fied that he had justice and the law on his side, there was not an advocate in the State whose arguments were more nearly irresistible before a jury. He was unsurpassed in the use of those weapons so effective in debate— logic, sarcasm, wit, ridicitle and pathos, without ever descending to coarseness or invective. His legal opinions have ever been held in very high esteem, being distinguished for clear conceptions of the principles of law in their varied relations to prac- tical life, and evincing rare ability in judging as to the probable verdict of a jury on mixed questions of law and fact. Eminent for legal learning, he com- bined with accurate knowledge of precedents unfailing discernment of the underlying principles which in- vested them with lasting value. As a jury lawyer. Judge Andrews is permanently identified with the traditions of the bar and the history of legal practice in northern Ohio. The older lawyers still cherish vivid recollections of many cases when he was in full practice, in which his insight into character, his power to sift testimony and bring into clear relief the lines of truth, his abili- ty to state legal principles so as to be clearly compre- hensible by the jury, his humor, his wit, his pathos, his scorn of fratid, and his impetuosity in advocacy of the right, were all combined with such incisive ut- terance and such felicitous illustration as to make the deepest and most lasting impression upon all his hear- ers. By Universal consent he was recognized as hav- ing few equals and no superior. As- a judge he commanded the highest respect of all'. • His decisions were never influenced by personal or political predelectiens, and were given entirely ac- cording to the merits of the case and the requirements of the law. There is but a single record of any re- versal of his decisions by a higher court, and that was owing solely'to a clerical error made in the clerk's office. •"'in politics he took little active part. Although constantly identified with the Whig and Republican parties, his habitual conservatism prevented the ap- proval by him of any rash or extreme measures. Judge Andrews has through his long and active life commanded the highest respect as a man, a citi- zen, and a friend. We quote the following tribute by a life-long associate to his many excellent quali- ties: " Highly as Judge Andrews has adorned his profession, it is simply just to say that his unblem- ished character in every relation has equally adorned his manhood. He has ever been more than a mere lawyer. With a keen relish for historical and philo- sophical inquiry, a wide acquaintance with literature, and an earnest sympathy with all true progress in the present age, his life has also been practically subor- dinated to the faultless morality of Christianity. A community is truly enriched when it can present to its younger members such shining instances of suc- cess in honorable endeavor, and such sterling excel- lence in character and example.'' Yi^::^^'^irc-'^z-^ ty lUOCKAlMlICAL SKM'CBES. 320 WILLIAM W. ARMSTRONG. William \V. Armstrong, the editor-in-chief of the ( 'k'velaml Plain Denier, and the president and prin- cipal stockholder of the Plain Dealer Printing Com- pany, was horn at Xcw Lisbon, Colnmbiana county, ( >iiio, in the year 1S33. In 184r8, at the age of tifteen, he became an apprentice in a printing office at Tiffin, the county seat of Seneca county, lie worked at his chosen occupation until 1852, when his activity and ability caused him, though only nineteen years old, to be appointed registrar of the bank department of llic State treasurer's office, of which position he pcr- fiirmed the duties for two years to the entire satisfac- tion of his sujieriors. On retiring from the treasurer's office in 1854, young Armstrong returned to Tiffin, purchased the Seneca County Advertiser, published at that place, and entered on his majority and his editorial career al)out the same time. The young editor being an ar- dent nemocrat, the Advertiser was conducted as a Democratic organ of the strictest sect, and he being also a vigorous writer and a good business nnuiager be soon UKide his paper a power in northwestern Ohio. His strength in his party was manifested in 1802, wiien, although still but twenty-nine years old, he was elected by the Democracy secretary of State of Ohio. After he had served one term of two years the Ivcpublicans returned to power, and Mr. Armstrong was again at liberty to resume his favorite pursuit of journalism. lie accordingly, in 18*!5, purchased the material of the lately suspended CUevelaud Plain Ih'dler, and transferred his efforts to the metrojjolis of northern Ohio. Owing to the death of the la- mented J. W. Gray, and subse<|uent unskillful nnm- agemeut, the Plain Dealer had been brought into a very unfortunate condition, as was indicated by its suspension. It is a severe task to revive a deceased newspaper, yet Mr. Armstrong not only did that luit in a few years made the Plain Dealer o\w of the leading newspapers of the West. A clear, vigorous and ready writer, he naturally took a bold, aggressive course, and neither friends nor enemies ever had the slightest difficulty in knowing exactly what he meant. He showed himself on all occasions a Democrat of the old school of J;ickson .lud Hcntoh. unswerving in favor of State rights, home rule and hard money, and these time-honored principles he was prepared to maintain against all oi>- poneuts. His business nninagement of the I'hdn Dealer has been as sound as his political course has been vigorous; he has raised it from the lifeless condition in which he found it, until its circulation is now second only to that of the t'inciniiati Enipiirer among the Demo- cratic journals of Ohio, and its linances arc in the most nourishing condition. lie has lately transferred it to a stock company, l)Ut of that he is the i)resii:v Captain Alva Bradley, one of the leading ship- owners of the West, has resided in Ohio since 18^3 and in Cleveland since 1859. Hi^ was born of New England parents November 27, IHl 1, in Kilington, T(dland county, Connecticut, aiul when nine yeai-s old accompanied his parents to Ohio; whither his father, Leonard, turned his footstcjis as to a place offering richer inducements to the agricallurist than could b'j found on the hills of New England. The journey was made by wagon to Albany, thence by canal to within fifty miles of Buffalo, and from that place on a sailing vessel, from which the family landed at Cleveland in Sejitember, 18:^3. Without delaying in the then embryo Forest City they passed on to Brown- helm, Lorain county, and settled upon a farm. Alva spent the years until he was nineteen in laboring uji- on his father's place — receiving but a limited school education meanwhile — but becoming inclined for a sailor's life, he left the farm and shijiped aboard the schooner "Liberty," of about fifty tons, owned by Norman Moore and plying between Buffalo and other Lake Erie ports. A life on the lakes suited him so well that he de- termined to stick to it. He sailed successively after that on the "Young Leopard,'" "Edward Bancroft," "Expiess" and "Commodore Lawrence," and so jirospeied that in 1841 he utidertook, in com2)any with Ahira Cobb, now of Cleveland the construc- tion (if the schooner "South America" of one hundred and four tons. They built her on the Ver- million I'iver, and Captain Bradley, taking command, sailed her in the Lake Ei'ie ti'ade for the ensuing three seasons. This venture in ship-building he followed with others of a similar character, after transferring the "South America" to his cousin, Sheldon Bradley, who Sidled her one season, and the ne.xt, with all on board, went down with her in a storm. Cajitain Bradley and Mr. Cobb built on the \'er- million — after the "South America" — the sailing vessels " Birmingham," " Ellington" and "Oregon," and the steam iiropeller "Indiana,"' and Cai)tain Brad- ley successively commanded them. His hist service as a lake captain was performed on board the schoon- er "Oregon," from which he retired in 1852, after a continuous experience on the lakes, between Buffalo and Chicago, of fifteen years. In the last named year he made his home at the mouth of tlie Vermillion, where he continued the business of ship building, solely, however, as heretofore, for the ])uri)ose of put- ting the vessels into the lake trade on his own account or in joint interest with others. In 185!i he changed 334 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. his residence to Clevelund, but continued ship build- ing on the Vermillion until 1868, when he removed his ship yards to Cleveland, where between 1868 and 187-4 he built twelve vessels — including those pro- pelled by sail and steam. As already observed, Captain Bradley placed his vessels in trade as fast as constructed, and became in the course of a brief time, an important ship owner. He transacted a large and valuable business as a freight carrier on the great lakes, and in that depart- ment of commerce has been conspicuously identified with the lake marine since 1841. His interests in that line, now of considerable magnitude, engage his active attention, and he gives to all his undertakings his closest personal supervision. He is of a truth one of Cleveland's busiest workers, and, although verging toward three score and ten, retains in a remarkable degree the energy and watchfulness that have been the principal causes of his success. Captain Bradley's parents died in Brownhelm upon the old homestead, where a brother and sister still reside. He was married in 1851 to Miss Ellen M., daughter of John Burgess, of Milan, Ohio, and of the children born to them there survive one son and three daughters. FRANCIS BRANCH. Francis Branch, son of Seth and Rachael (Hurd) Branch, was born on the 5th of June, 1812, at Middle Haddam, Connecticut. His father, Seth Branch, was a native of the same place, having been born' on the 31st of March, 1779, and having been married in 1805 to Rachael Hurd. He removed to Ohio in 1818, and settled on what is now known as Brooklyn Hights, Cleveland. There were but few houses in the neigh- borhood at that time, and Mr. Branch was considered very fortunate in securing shelter for his family in the home of Judge Barber, until a dwelling could be erected. His trade was that of a ship-cai'penter, which he, however, did not follow after coming West; being engaged in clearing and cultivating his farm. He died on the 11th of August, 1825, at the prema- ture age of forty-six; leaving as a legacy to his family only their home in the forest and a name respected by all. He had five children born in Connecticut, viz: John S., born January 9, 1806; Mary, born October 21, 1807; Susan M., born May 5, 1810; Francis, the subject of this notice, and Jane, born March 4, 1815. Of these, Mary and Susan M. died in infancy, and two other children born in Ohio re- ceived their names, viz: Mary H., born December 31, 1817, and Susan M., born September 3, 1832. Francis Branch remained at home until the death of his father, after which he was apprenticed to a ship-carpenter; John, his elder brother, taking charge of the farm. He followed this trade until 1837. In that year he was married (on the 21st of October) to Sarah Slaght, daughter of Abraham D. Slaght, and, his brother dying, he soon afterward removed to the homestead on Brooklyn Hights. He then engaged in agriculture and dairying; meeting with fair success in both. He was also one of the first milk-sellers in that locality, and, after a time, carried on ijuite an exten- sive traffic in that line. In 1850 Mr. Branch sold the farm, which had be- come quite valuable, and in May, 1851, removed to a residence on Scranton avenue, where he lived until his death, which occurred on the 4th of November, 1877. Mr. Branch was eminently a self-made man. Los- ing his father when only fourteen years old, he was thus thrown upon his own resources, and with a lim- ited education accpiired a fortune and won an honor- able place in the community. He was Republican in politics, and held various township offices, besides serving three terms as county commissioner. In pub- lic improvements he always took an active interest, and was a liberal contributor to all local enterprises. Throughout life he maintained a high character for integrity and honor, while his many excellent cpiali- tiesand unassuming manners won the resi)ect of all. Mr. and Mrs. Branch have but one child — Josephine L., born November 10, 1838. She was mai-ried to J. S. Hartzell on the 20th of May, 1865. They also have an ado|ited son, who was born May 28, 1840, and was married November 8, 1876, to Miss Mary A. Cornwall, of Cleveland. GAIUS BURK. The father of (!aius Burk was among the first of that little band of hardy pioneers who penetrated into northern Ohio about the beginning of the nineteenth century, and of its wilderness made a fruitful garden. The youth and early manhood of Gains were passed amid the struggles and hardshijjs of the frontier, while his entire life, save ten of its earliest years, was closely identified with the rise and growth of Cuyahoga county, which was yet a thing of the future when the boy of ten set foot in Ohio. He was born of old New England stock, in North- ampton, Massachusetts, June 31, 1791, and thence journeyed at a tender age with his parents to Her- kimer county. New York. Sylvanus Burk, his father, was a farmer, and, turning a wistful eye toward the great West, which was then beginning to invite attention to its boundless acres, he determined to be a Western jiioneer. Setting out from his New York home with his wife and ten children, bestowed in a two-horse wagon, he steered his course for Cleve- land, and traveled without eventful incident until Erie was reached, when, one of his horses dying, he abandoned the highway, and with all his family save two children — Gains and a daughter — whom he left in care of Reed, the Erie landlord, he made the rest of the trip via Lake Erie in an open boat. Without tarrying long in Cleveland they proceeded to Euclid, where, in the spring of 1802, they received the two children who had remained at Erie — the little ones 'I BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 335 having made the journey from that place across tlio country on liorscback, in company with a band of Western traveh-rs. Once nio!-e comidete, tlie family were soon a;j:ain on llie move, tiirniiiii; toward what is now Independence township, ill wiiieli they were the lirst while settlers, and in which, it may be remarked, they were nil prostrated on the .same day, .soon after their arnval, with fever and ague. This was emphatically a dis- heartening commencement, but tliey bore it doul)t- less with the philosopliic resignation common to pio- neer days. A three-years stay in Indcjiendence, how- ever, brought a desire for a change of location, and so, in 1805, they moved to wliat is now the village of Newburg, where Mr. Burk purchased one hundred acres of land for which he agreed to pay two dollars and a half an acre. Tliis payment his two sons, Kra/.ilia H. and (iaius, undertook to make for him liy carrying the government mail over the route from Cleveland to Hudson, Deerfield and Ashtal)ula. (iaius was a lad of fourteen and his brother but a tiitle older, and tliat they had the spirit to undertake and the courage to fulfil the arduous task is con- vincing proof that the pioneer boys were composed of the material that made mfti, and men too of the sort iiiiich needed then. Once a week for three years the boys carried the mail afoot, and during their entire term of service faithfully performed every detail of tlieir contract, albeit their journeys were not only laborious and tiresome ones through an almost un- broken wilderness, but were beset moreover with suf- licient dangers to appal much older persons. After completing his mail contract (iaius busied himself at clearing land, and it was while engaged in that work, in 1815, that by the fall of a tree upon him he lost his leg, and was otherwise so crippled that ever after he was deprived also of the use of his right arm. Discouraged, niayhaj), but not disheartened, he set himself thereafter to do the best he could, and, entering the public arena, was chosen constable. His services were appreciated, his popularity waxed strong, and after serving as collector under Treasurer Baldwin fiu- several years, he was in 1828 elected county treas- urer for t wo years, (being tlie second to iiold that office) anil at tiio expiration of that time was re-elected for another term. Mr. Burk was a man of decided intelligence and unswerving integrity, and kept in every rcsjject not onlv al)reast but ahead of the time in which he lived, 'i'lie Wbig I'arty claimed his staunch adherence until its dissolution, and after that he was a faithful fol- lower of I{epublicanism, to whose principles he was attached until his death. Having by active par- ticipation in tlie events which marked the wonderful progress of liis adopted home, earned tiie luxury of ri'st, he passed the evening of his life u])on the old homestead in Newburg in ipiiet ease, and died there on the "-iOth of August, 1805, where his father and mother had i>;ussed away before him. He was married in 181'.) to So])liia, daughter of Philo Taylor, a pioneer settler of Rockport as well as of Dover. Of the seven children born of the union, the four survivors are Oscar M. and Augustus M., cliief proprietors of the Lake Shore Foundry in Cleveland, and Lucy J. Webster and Helen l?urke, both residing in Kansas. The eldest son, Harvey, was elected treasurer of Cuyahoga county in 1800, and died in 1801, while holding that office. A daugh- ter, Mrs. Justina M., wife of Dr. V. II. Woilcy. died in Davenport, Iowa, in 1875. STEVENSON liUKKE. Hon. Stevenson Burke was born in St. Lawrence county. New York, November 20, 1820. In March, 1834, his father removed from New York to Ohio, and settled in North Ridgeville, Lorain county, where he resided till the time of his decease, in Au- gust, 1875. The subject of this sketch had in early life such facilities as the common schools of the time afforded, which consisted of about ninety days of very indifferent instruction in the winter, and none during the rest of the year. At about the age of si.xteen he had the benefit of instruction in a very good select school at Ridgeville Center; afterwards he studied several terms in a private school, conducted by T. M. Oviatt, at Elyria. Later still, he studied a year or so at Delaware University, and at Delaware, in 1846, he began the study of law with Messrs. Powell & Buck. In the spring of 1848 he returned to Elyria and com- jdeted his studios, preparatory to admission to the bar, under the instruction of Hon. H. D. Clark, being ad- mitted by the supreme court on the Utli of August, 1848, when he commenced i)ractice at Elyria. In April, 184!t, Mr. Clark, who was then one of the most prominent and successful lawyers at the bar of Lorain county, admitted him into a copartnership, which continued till May, 1852. We have thus in a few lines sketched the career, until the time when he commenced the practice of the law alone, of one who for more than twenty-live years has! occupied a very prominent position at the bar in northern Ohio. From 1852 to February, 1802, Mr. Burke devoted him.self to the practice of his profession with such zeal and devotion to the interests of his clients, as to merit and command success. There were few cases tried in the court of common pleas or district court of Lorain county, or in the supreme court, taken from Lorain county, in which he was not engaged. His industry and attention to business were (piite remarkable. He spent no time in idle- ness, and his patrons were always sure to find him in his ofUce in business hours, unless engaged in his duties elsewhere. His elo.se attention to business and .sedentary hal)it3 seriously affected his health, and in 1801 he found it so very much impaired as to render a change of occu])ation necessary; and his friends having secured his election as one of the judges of the court of common pleas of the fourth judicial district of Ohio, he gave up his practice 336 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. and entered upon the discliarge of liis duties as judge. After serving a term of five years to the satisfaction of the l)arand the people, ho was again elected in 18GG to the same oflBce. He served, however, but two ye.ars of his second term, when, having regained his health, he resigned his position as judge, on the 1st of Jan- uary, 1860, and at once commenced the practice of law in Cleveland, in partnership with Hon. F. T. Backus and E. J. Estep, Esq. Mr. Backus died in 1870, but the partnershij) with Mr. Estop continued until the spring of 1875, since when Judge Burke has practiced alone. His practice in Cleveland has been a very suc- cessful one. He has been constantly engaged in the courts and in his office, and during the last ten years has probably tried as many cases of importance, involv- ing largo amounts of money or property, as any lawyer in northern Ohio. He has during that period argued many cases in the supreme court of the State of Ohio, several in the United States supreme court, and also in the supreme courts of adjoining States. The history of the profession in northern Ohio furnishes few cx- amjjles of a more successful practice. In addition to his professional business, Judge Burke has devoted much attention to other matters; he is now, and has been for several years past, a director, and chairman of the finance and executive committee, of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway Company, and is its general counsel, lie lias held for several years and still holds the position of director, general counsel, and chairman of the linauee and executive committee, of the Cleve- land and Mahoning Valley Railway Company, and he is also the representative in this country of all the stock of the last-named company; it being owned in Euroiie. He is likewise the repres(mtativeof the own- ers of the stock of the Shenango and Allegheny Rail- road Company, and also of the Mercer Mining and Manufacturing Company, and a director in both of the last-named companies. He has been for some time a director of the Cincininiti, Springlield and Indian- apolis and the St. Louis railroad companies. He has also for several years been a director of the Lake Shore Foundry, and a director and the president of the Cleve- land and Snow Pork Coal Com])any, l)()th large cor- porations. The foregoing is a hrii'l' oiitliuo of an oxtronielv ac- tive professional and business life. It is too early yet to compare the sul)ject of this sketch with otlicrs, or to go into detail in regard to his professional, judicial and l)usiness career; he is still in the jn-ime of life. Time has dealt gently with him, and his apjiearance indicates that he has many years of activity still bo- fore him. LEONARD CASE. The name of Leonard Case will long be held in ;rat('ful renienibrance in the citv of Cleveland, to the early prosperity of which he was an active con- tributor, and for the benefit of which so much of the property he acquired has lately been devoted through the generosity of his son bearing the same name. He was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylva- nia, on the 2nth of July, 1784. In the year 1800 he accompanied his father to Trumbull county, Ohio, where the latter located on a farm near Warren. Young Leonard was then sixteen yeai's of age, and, as the eldest son, assumed, in the invalid condition of iiis father, the chief management nt affairs on the farm. Avery severe illness left the youth a cripple in 1801, and seeing, therefore, that his days as a farmer were over, he turned his attention to educating himself ;is a surveyor. By the aid of means gained by such mechanical labors as he could perfoi-rn, he ac(|uired from books a fair knowledge of the business. In 180lj he obtained employment in the land com- missioner's office at Warren, where his efforts won him favorable notice, and created valued friends, Mr. John n. Edwards, recorder of the county, being one of the most steadfast. lender his advice young Case acquired sufficient knowledge of the law to be admit- ted to the liar. During the war of 1812 Mr. Case was appointed to collect the Uixes of non-residents on tiie Western Reserve, and in 1810 was called to CHeveland to be cashier of the newly organized Commercial Bank of Lnke Vjv'w. To his banking business he added the occupations of lawyer and land agent. After leaving the bank he devoted himself assiduously to the pursuits just named, and after 1834 gave all his time lo the laud business, in which he actjuired a, very large fortune. Mr. (Jase took a warm interest in tlie progress of Cleveland, contributed liberally to ail public improvements, and is said to have begun the work of planting the trees, the luxuriant foliage y prudent and sagacious management lie soon became enaibled to enlarge his operations, and next obtained contracts on the Wa- bash and Erie canal. In 1845 he removed to Canada, anil dm'ing two years was engaged on the canal im- provements on the St. Lawrence river. At the oxiii- ration of his connection with that work he returned to Vermont and estaldished the firm of Chamberlain, Strong & Co. This tirm had. the largest jjortion of the contract for the building of the Rutland and P)ur- lingtou railroad, connecting Hoston with the lakes, and the entire management of its construction. While carrying on this work j\Ir. Chamberlain also became prominently interested in the construc- tion of the Ogdensburg and Pouse's Point (now Lake Chaniplain) railroad. In 1841) he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, ami took I lie entire contract for the construction of the Cleve- land and Pittsburg railroad, which was successfully completed in 1851. Subser|ncntly he was engaged for several years in railroad-building in the West and '\ Northwest, mainly in Wisconsin, Minnesota and |\Iowa. One of the principal lines constructed i)y him was the Lacrosse and Milwaukee railroad, which he operated under lease or mortgage nntil the bond- holders reimbursed him in full. He also constructed the Minnesota Central railroad, and afterward became largely interested in it and the president of tlic com- pany owning it. His latest work in that line was the building of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas Valley railroad, of which lie was the largest stockholder, as well as sole con- tractor. In addition to these I'ailroad operations he was also connected with other important industrial enterprises. He was a large stockholder and also president of the Cleveland Transportation Company, an organization which he was mainly instrumental in forming. He was a director of the Cleveland Iion-Mining Company, in which he held a heavy interest. In 1871 he established a general banking-house, under the name of (!hamberlain, Corham & Perkins, which soon became widely known as one of the most sub- stantial banking firms in the State. In 187:5 the Res- ilience Insurance Com|iany, of which he is one of the founders, elected him as its president. In .lan- uary, 1875, lie became largely interested in the pur- chase of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas X'aJley rail- road, whicii was changed to the Cleveland, Tusca- rawas Valley and Wheeling railroad, of which he was made president in February of that year. Mr. Chamberlain has been remarkably successful in all his l)usiness undertakings, and entirely by his own ell'orts has acquired a capital which enables him to carry great enterjjriscs to a successful termination. As a citizen he enjoys an enviable reputation, and is known as a liljeral but unostentatious contrii)utor to all benevolent purjjoses or public interests. He was an earnest su]>])orter of the Union during the rebellion, and contril)uted freely to aid the cause of freedom. He has, for many years been a prominent member of the Second Presbytei'ian church, and a liberal sii))- ]iorter of the cliari table and benevolent entcri)rise.s connected with it. He was nnirried, in 1844, to Miss Arabella Cochran, of Penns\ Ivaiiia. IIKNRY CIIISIIOI.M. Hetiry Chisholm, the president and chief manager of the Cleveland Polling Mill Comj)any, (the largest establishment of its kind in this or any other country) landed in America in 1843, an almost ])enni less youth; in fifteen years from that time he was the head of an important nianufactnring firm and since then he has achieved the distinction of being one of the greatest manufacturers in the world. Mr. Chisholm was born in Lochgelly, Kifesliire, Scotland, Ajiril 37, 1822, and at the age of ten lost his father by death. Forced by this unhappy circum- stance to take uj)on his shoulders in his early youth a share of the support of his widowed mother's family, he left school when but twelve years old and ajipren- ticed himself to a carpenter, with whom he remained until his seventeenth year. lie then began work as a journeyman carpenter in the city of (Jlasgow, where, shortly afterwards, he married Miss .lane Allan, of Dunfermline. Impatient at the slow progress he made in his na- tive land he resolved to go to America, and in 1842 — when only twenty years old — he lauded at .Montreal, Canada. He soon found employment at his trade, and so well did he prosper that at the end of two years he became a master carpenter. Succeeding from the outset in making profitable contracts, he saw himself ere long the most extensive contractor in .Montreal. His reputation as a capable and energetic liuilder sjjread year b\4 year, and in 1850 he undertook, with others, t lip construction of the railway break- waters at Cleveland. After being engaged in this work three years — having become in the meantime a resident of Cleveland — he followed it with other im- l)ortaut enterprises of a similar character in that city, ''* until the year 1857. In that year Mr. Chisholm founded, at Newburg, the iron-manufacturing firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., from which beginning arose the great establishment which is the pride of Cleveland and one of the marvels of modern times. 338 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Besides being president and controller of the Cleve- land Kolling MillCoinpaiiy, Mr. Ohisbolm is a director in each of three of tiie most important banking insti- tutions of Cleveland, and is also closely identified in many other ways with the femarkable growth and enterprise of the city of his adoption. Owing nothing to the assistance of others, depending entirely on his own inflexible will, indomitable perseverance, and rig- orous integrity, Mr. Chisholm is, in every sense, the author of his own fortunes, and the story of his life furnishes a striking instance of the possibilities offered in this favored land, to him who bravely and energetically seeks success. Alike amid the struggles of his earlier years, and the multifarious cares of his later life, Mr. Chisholm has been an unswerving believer in the truths of re- ligion, and for upwards of thirty-five years he and his estimable wife have been members of the Baptist Church. Endowed with a bountiful share of this world's goods, as the reward of a busy life, cherished as an ujiright and honored member of the community in which he lives, and surrounded by a worthy family of sons and daughters, Mr. Chisholm still retains, at the age of nearly three score, the vigorous and vigil- ant business habits which marked his younger man- hood, and bids fair to hold for many years to come a prominent place among tliu active workers of the Forest City. WILLIAM CHISHOLM. The subject of this sketch was born on the 12th of August, 1825, in the village of Lochgelly, Fifeshire, Scotland. Uis father, who was in moderate circum- stances, died when he was about seven years of age. His educational advantages were limited, but of a practical character, and consisted of such knowledge as he would be most likely to need in making his way in the world. When twelve and a half years of age he was apprenticed to learn the dry-goods busi- ness with a merchant in Kirkaldy, a seaport town on the Frith of Forth. Finding this occupation unsuit- ed to his tastes and having an ardent desire to see something of the world, he, after two years or more spent in Kirkaldy, engaged his services to a ship owner as a sailor. He left his native land in Septem- ber, 1840, and joined the ship "Burley," of Glas- gow, at Antwerj), Holland. He sailed in this vessel for a period of four and a half years, making voy- ages from England, Scotland and Ireland to South America, the East Indies, Australia, the West Indies and the coasts of Nicaragua and Central America. Sub- se(piently he was engaged on different vessels, stop- ping at the principal American Atlantic ports between the mouth of the Mississipj)i river and the gulf of St. Lawrence. Becoming weary of tiiis life he, in September, 1847, abandoned the sea, after just seven years of ac- tive service, during which he had filled the various positions on a shiji, from that of cabin boy to that of chief officer. He then settled in Montreal, Canada, where he remained five years, carrying on the liusi- ness of a builder and contractor. At the expiration of that time he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and thence to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Keturning to Cleveland in 1857, he has since then been engaged there as a contractor in building railroads, bridges, docks, etc. In 18G0 he built works and commenced the manu- facture of spikes, bolts, rivets, horseshoes, etc., and in 1871 organized what is known as the Union Steel Screw Company, now in operation. He has also re- cently engaged, in connection with his sons, in the manufacture of steel shovels, spades, scoops and forks. For the last quarter of a century he has been largely interested and actively engaged in coal and iron mines, and in the manufacture of the products of the latter. In 187G and '77 Mr. Chisholm traveled extensively .J in Europe, revisiting his native town in Scotland after 1 1 an absence of thirty-seven years. His life has been distingu'shed by a varied experience such as is allot- ted to but few, and from early youth he has been com- pelled to depend upon his own exertions, to which, with the aid of a kind Providence, he owes his suc- cess. He has not been entirely absorbed in the care of his i extensive business, but has ever been ready to lend a | helping hand to the needy and suffering, and, as a member of the Bajitist Church, has contributed lib- erally to the support of that society, as well as to other religious institutions and to charitable objects. He was married in 1848 to Catharine Allan, a native of Dumferline, Scotland, daughter of Wilson 15. Allan. By this union he has had seven children. Of this family only four are now living, three sons and one daughter. AHIUA COBB. Ahira Cobb, whose name is associated with many of the important commercial interests of Cleveland and vicinity, is a son of Jeduthan Cobb, Jr., one of the early settlers of Ohio, and was born at Tolland, Connecticut, on the 12th of October, 1814. Many thrilling stories are told of the adventures of those who removed to Ohio in early days. They came into a wilderness where yet the red man lingered, and where the howling of wolves, the panther's cry and the crack of the trusty rifle alone disturbed the solitude of the night. In many a case, their covered wagon was their only shield from wind and storm while the log-cabin was being erected, which was to be their only habitation for many years. Among those early pioneers came Jeduthan Cobb, Jr., a descendant of Dr. Samuel Cobb, who, we find by referring to Hon. L. P. Waldo's valuable Early History of Tolland, came to that place about the year 1743. Dr. Cobb bought the farm on the Willimantic river, now familiarlv known as the Cobb farm. In the ^ u BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 339 work above rufencd to, Dr. Colib is mentioned as having been a gentleman of education, and one of tlie most ])roniiuent citizens that ever resided in Tolland. Jediitlian Cobt), Jr., married a daughter of Stephen Origgs. an en.sign in tlie Continental army, who died at New Rochelle, New York, in 17T0. Ho left Tolland with his family in 1,SI!». Upon his arrival in Oiiio he bought a farm in Eldridge town- ship, Huron county, afterwards Berlin, Erie county. Mr. Cobb died on this farm in 1827. Like most who seek to make a home in a new and undeveloped coun- try, he had a hard struggle with adverse fortune, and at I lie lime of his death there was an incumbrance of three hundred dollars on the farm. A tax of seven dollars was due on it, and must be paid. There was no money in the house; something must be done. Something wa"s done — something which throws a strong light on the energetic character of the subject of this sketch. Ahira Cobb, son of the deceased, then a lad of thir- teen years of age, yoked the oxen, gathered a cart- load of peaches and apples, and trudged along beside his slow-going team to Sandusky City, twenty-five miles away, where he hoped to dispose of his load to raise the tax-money. His success exceeded his ex- pectation. The tax-money was raised and three dol- lars more, as the result of his venture. The ))rospects of the family, however, wore a very unfavorable aspect after the death of the husband and father, and the year following they all returned to Tolland. During that year Ahira went to school to Alfred Newton, who afterwards, for a period of twen- ty-tive years, was pastor of a Presbyterian church at Norwalk, Ohio. His evenings were spent in learning the tailoring trade in the establishment of Solomon Creggs and Luther Eaton. He covered buttons, sewed sleeve linings, and was obliged to keep the old stone pitcher tilled with water for the benefit of the dozen or more sewing girls employed in the shop. During this year spent at Tolland he »as the rooin- mite of William W. Katon, the eldest son of his cni- ]iio\er. Little did those young men imagine at that time tiiat one of them was destined to become a leading iiiemijer of the legal profession, and bear the honorable title of a United States senator, while the other was to gain a conspicuous and honorable success in the departments of ti-ade and commerce, near the scene of his youthfid venture before mentioned. Young Clibb soon got heaitily sick of the tailoring business, and the year following returned to Ohio and entered tiie store of John Buckingham, of Norwalk, as a clerk. This position he retained for six years. In thespring of 183(> he formed a partnership with Jlr. Bucking- liaui and B. L. Hill, under the firm name of CJobb, Hill i^ Co., and opened a store at Birmingham, Erie county. He was a member of this firm for twenty- three years. 'J'he town of Birmingham was incorporated by a company of New Yorkers. They had erected, at a cost of Js^.J.ooO a llouriug mill, also a hotel valued at *5,000, a sawmill, a forge, and a large number of pri- vate dwellings. In 1837 this company failed, ami in 1844 Mr. Cobb was a successful bidder for its ])rop- erty. Thus, at the age of thirty, he was the owner of nearly the entire town of l?irniingliam, and occujticd as good a private residence as there was in that section. While operating thus extensively at Bir- mingham, he also had a large interest at Vermillion, a lake port located seven miles from the former place, in connection with Captain Alva Bradley. At this port they built, in 1841, their first schooner, the "South America." This venture j>roved a very profitable one, and, to use a nautical term, laid the keel of the extensive and jjrofitable shipping interest which they have controlled during the past twenty- nine years; they having now some twenty steam and sail vessels afloat on the lakes. In February, 18o"-i, Air. Cobb exchanged his Bir- mingham mill and residence for the Cleveland prop- erty known as the Forest City House. This house he has greatly enlarged, and it is now a very hand- some building, containing one hundred and fifty rooms, and has a wide reputation as a first class hotel in every res{)ect. After the transfer above mentioned, he removed his family to Cleveland, where he subsequently entered the extensive boot and shoe firm of Crowell & Childs as a special partner. At the same time he also took an interest in the erection of two blast furnaces; one at Youugstown, the other at Antwerp, Paulding county. The one at Youngstown, the Hiniroot fur- nace, has been in constant blast while the fires of hun- dreds of others have been extinguished by the hard times and the glut in the iron market. During the year 18o2 Mr. Cobb bought property largely in Cleve- land. In 1874 he. with Capt. Bradley, erected an elegant iron block on Sui)erior street. One half of this great building is occupied by Strong, Cobb & Company, importers and wholesale dealers in drugs, etc., one of the largest and best ajtiiointed houses of the kind in the West. Mr. Cobb is also the owner of valuable property fronting on Euclid avenue — an avenue said by Bayard Taylor to be the finest in the world. Upon this property he has erected an elegant mansion which he has fitted and udnrned with every convenience and comfort. Although Mr. Cobb is now nearing an age when most men, either from inclination or debility, retire from active business life, he still retains the undimin- ished energy of the man who bought out a town in his thirtieth year, and we may safely predict that if adverse fortune should sweep away his vast accumula- tions he would lose no time in setting about to repair the breach. It is somewhat remarkable that only one death — that of his father — has occurred in tlic family since the marriage of his parents. His mother is still living and lias reached the advanced age of eighty- eight years. Mr. Cobb was married in 1839 to Miss Maria Hriant, 340 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. daughter of Jonathan Biiant of Birmingham, by whom lie has had nine children. He is a Kepublican in politics but has never been an office-seeker, though not neglecting any of the duties of a good citizen. He is not a member of any church, but is a liberal contributor to the aid of all worthy causes, and is especially interested in forwarding educational and charitable interests. Mr. Cobb is a man of decided abilities, of great courage, of untiring industr}', of marked integrity, of large exjierience in the affairs of the world, and is appreciated for his many sterling qualities both of mind and heart. JAMES M. COFFINBERRY. James M. CofRnberry is a native of Mansfield, Ohio, having been born in that town on the IGth day of May, 1818. His father, Andrew Coftinberry, was a man of rare endowments and decisive character, and was widely known as a distinguished lawyer. He was admitted to the bar as early as 1813, from which time he prac- ticed his profession until a few days before his death, which occurred in May, 18.56. His practice in several of the counties of northwestern Ohio began with their organization; his "circuit" (always traversed on horseback) extending from Mansfield north to Lake Erie, and west to the Lidiana line. He was gieatly esteemed for his jture and ujjriglit life, while his genial manners and quaint wit gave him ready access to the hearts of all classes. Among the younger members of the pi-ofession he was known as " the good Count CotfinbeiTv" in criiic- ful recognition of the services rendered them by this veteran member of the liai-. The sobri(jiiet of "Count " was first given him phiyfuliy by his pro- fessional associates, from a real or sui)posed resem- blance to the illustrious German jurist. Count or Baron Puffeudorf. The title was considered so ap- propriate that it remained with him throughout, life, and many who knew him long and well never learned that it was not his real name. Besides his legal ability he also possessed poetical talent of no mean order, and, about 1840, wrote the "Forest Rangers," a metrical tale in seven cantos, in which he vividly depicts many interesting incidents connected with the march of (reneral Wayne's army, and its victory over the Indians, in 1794. James M. Coftinberry, the subject of this sketch, received his education in the common schools of his native town, after which he studied law with his father, then residing at Pcrrysburg. He was admit- ted to the bar in 1841, and the same year 02iened an office in partnershi)) with his father at Maumee City. His su])erior abilities found an early recognition, and secured his election as prosecuting attorney for Lucas county, which position he filled in a most satisfactory manner for several years. In 184.5 he removed to Hancock county, where for about ten years he prac- ticed his profession with great success, and in addition was the editor and proprietor of that staunch Whig journal, the Findlay Herald. In 1855 Mr. Coflinberry removed to Cleveland and entered speedily into a good practice, devoting him- self exclusively to his profession and taking high rank at a bar which numbered among its members some of the ablest lawyers in the State. He was elected judge of the court of common pleas in 18G1, and performed the duties of that position for the term of five years, with credit to himself and satisfaction to all concerned. His charges to juries were always clear, forcible and logical, and in the course of his judicial service he delivered some very able opinions, both verbal and written. It has been said that no decision of his has ever been reversed on review by higher courts. His charge to the jury on the trial of Dr. John W. Hughes for the murder of Tamzcii Parsons of Bedford, which took jilace in December, 18G5, was acknowledged to be one of the ablest ever delivered from the bench of Cuyahoga county. Judge Coffinberry jwssesses an apparently intuitive perception of legal truths, a peculiar faculty for seiz- ing the strong points of a case, and great power to present his arguments in au original and forcible man- ner. While appreciating the learning of the profes- sion, and ever mindful of its nicest distinctions, he has made them subservient to his own broad and lib- eral views. After retiring from the bench he returned to the practice of law, but was soon obliged to retire from its activities on account of failing health. He has devoted considerable time to scientific reading and in- vestigation, in which he takes a great interest. He has been prominetly connected with many of the most important j>ublic enterjH'ises of the city, and has been appointed to many offices of trust. He was one of the originators of the Cleveland viaduct, and one who most earnestly advocated that it siiould be a free bridge. In politics he was formerly a Whig, but in the Fre- mont and Buchanan canvass he allied himself with the Democrats, and has since uniformly supported the candidates and politics of that party. At the breaking out of the rel)ellion he was chairman of the Democratic central committee of Cuyahoga county, but at once espoused the cause of the Union, and was largely instrumental in rallying the Democratic party of northern Ohio to the zealous su])p(n't of the war. He was the principal secretary of the great Union convention of Oiiio, presided over by ex-L^nited States Senator Thomas Ewiiig,' which nominated David T^id for governor. Throughout the war he remained a conservative Union man, but privately disa^jproved some of the more radical war-measures as being un- constitutional and of dangerous precedent. For sev- eral years he was the regular candidate of his party for representative in Congress and for judge of the common pleas, but was in no sense a politician; it is believed that he never attended more than one noin- BIOOEAPIIICAL SKETCHES. 341 iuatiiig convention, aTid never sought a nomination for office. Mr. Collinlx'rrv ami his wife iiict wiih a most dis- tressing accident on the iSth of Ajiril, ISTo. Tliev were returning from Mt. Vernon, where tliev had at- londed tlie marriage of their son. After they reached the city, and were being driven across the railway track near the Union dejjot, tiie cai'riage was struck liy a freigiit train. Tiiey were both severely injured, .Mr. ColHnberry sutfei'ing the loss of a leg. His wife, although terribly l)ruised and mangled, was restored to comparative health. Mr. C!ofllnberry was married in January. 1841 to .Vniia M. Oleason, of Lucas county, Ohio, l)y wiiom he has two children. Uisson, Ileni-y I)., served hon- (iral)ly through the war as an oHicer in the Mississippi gunboat llotilla. lie is now a i)art;ner in the Globe Iron Works and the Cleveland Dry Dock Company, and is also one of the tire commissioners of Cleveland. Mis daughter, Mary E.. is the wife of S. E. Brooks, a prominent young business man of the city. WILLIAJI COLLINS. The Hon. William Collins was descended in the ninth generation from Lewis Collins, who came from England in the year, U!3(», and as the records of those days say, •" with ample means." Ilis son, Natlnm, was a graduate of Cambridge Universitv, England, and had two sons, Joim, who lived in Boston, and Kdward, who was a deacon of the church at Cam- bridge, .Massachusetts. John Colli'is, the second, re- sided in Saybrook, Connect icnt, and also at Middle- town and (Juilford, in that State, in which last named town ho is recorded as a freeman and jjlantcr. Rob- ert, son of John, the second, married Lois Burnett, of Southampton, Long Island. Jonatiian, son of IJobert, born .\pril 2(!, 1098, dwelt in .Middletown and Wailingfortl, Coniiecticnt. lie married Agnes I^ynu for his second wife, and iiad eleven children. Oliver, one of his sons enlisted in a conijiany of Massachusetts troojjs duiing the lievohitionary war, at the ago of sixteen. He served as a comi)aiiy ofHcer till the close of the war. He married Lois Cowles, of Wallingfoi'd, Connecticut, and removed to New Hart fold. New York. In the war of IHl'i lie was commissioned a Ijrigadier general, and connnanded a brigade of New York militia ;it S.ickett's Harbor. He died August 14, 1838. Ela Collins, son of Oliver and Lois Collins, was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, February 14, llHij. He married Maria Clinton, daughter of Hcv. Isaac Clinton, of New Haven. They moved to Lowville, New York, where Mr. Collins became a distinguisiied lawyer, a member of Congress, and the occupant of I otiier important offices. His son, William (Collins, the subject of this me- I moir, was born February 23, 1818. He reail law with his father, and wasadmitted to the l)ar in September, 1843, at Rochester, New York. He then entered into ! partnership with his father, and they continued in active and successful practice until the death of the elder Mr. Collins, in November, 1848. He succeeded his father as district attorney, but resigned this office when he was elected a member of the national Ilouse of Hepresentativcs, in November, 1846, from the dis- trict composed of Lewis and St. Lawrence counties. Mr. (!ollins was in Congress during the lirst agita- tion of the (piestion of extending slavery to free territory, and opposed the extension with great zeal and ability. Among his speeches will be found one, delivered July 28, 1848, on the bill to establish the Territorial government of Oregon, advocating the ex- clusion of slavery from that Territory. It was com- mended not only for the soundness of its logic, but, as a brilliant literary production. The contest was a close one, but the slavery extensionists were defeated, owing largely to the vigilant and industrious efforts of Mr. Collins and a few associates. He was tendered the renomination to the thirty-first Congress, but having determined to remove west, he declined, and was succeeded by Preston King. Mr. Collins came to Cleveland in 1853 and opened a law office, fully sustaining here the reputation as a lawyer which he had gained in New \''ork. He was soon elected a director of the Merchants' Bank of Cleveland, and of the Lake Shore railway company. Subsequently he became a director of the Bellefontaine railway comjiany; the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- nati and lndiana})olis railway company; the James- town and Franklin railway company, of Pennsylva- nia; the East Cleveland street-railroad comjiany; the Mercer Iron and Coal company of Penn.sylvania, and the Merchants' National Bank of Cleveland. The active duties of these positions absorbed much of his time and attention. The sympathies of Mr. Collins being always on the side of freedom, he joined the IJei)ublican jiarty on its organization and remained faithful to its principles. When the rebellion broke out he tlirew himself heart- ily into the cause of tiie Union, and contributed freely with money and labor in every way to its siip- ])ort. He was a member of various local committees for the promotion of the national cause, and gave largely for the supjwrt of the sick and wounded. Whenever an elfort was needed liis voice was heard exhorting the peo]ile to action, and he was never be- hindhand in i)eisonal example. Mr. Collins married Jane, second daughter of Al- fred and Mary S. Kelley. at Columbus, on the 22d day of November, 1847, They had five children: Francis, born .January 1!>, 18.ii), who ilied February 10, 1850; Frederic Kelley, born in Columbus, Oiiio, June 7, 1851; Walter Stow, born in Cleveland, .Inly 12, 1854; Mary, born in Cleveland, Jnne 7, 1857, who died March 1, 1800; and Alice, born in Cleveland, June 20, 1859, who died August 20, 1859, Mr, Collins died suddenly on the 18th d:iy ()f June, 1878. At a meeting of the bar, held on the occasion of his decease, Hon. Sherlock J. Andrews was called 342 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. to tlie chair and H. B. DeWolf acted as secretary. Thu committee on resolutions consisted of Messrs. F. J. Diekman, James Mason, II. B. DeWolf, and Judges Bishop and Prentiss. Resolutions were adopted highly and truly extolling the character and abilities of the deceased, copies of which were ])resented to the fam- ily, to the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county, and to the circuit and district courts of the United States for the Xorthern district of Ohio. Mr. Dick- man and Judge Bishop spoke in eulogy of Mr. Collins, and the former (pioted a remark made by the deceased, worthy of enduring record. In speaking of certain political action Mr. Collins said: "Success is something, but to be right is cverv- thing." ,^ ^ This terse expression is a model statenjent of thu value of i)rinciple, and was also an e|)itunie of the life- long creed of William Collins. EDWIN WEED COWLES. Edwin W. Cowles, a physician, born in Bristol, Con- necticut, in 171)4, removed to Austinburg with his father, the Rev. Dr. Giles Hooker Cowles, in the year 1811. His aucestors were all of Puritan descent, ex- cept one line, which ti'aced its origin to tiie Huguenots. He was educated in the academy, at Farmiugton, Connecticut, and was imbued by his father and mother with the highest priucijiles of the Christian leligion and love for his fellow-beings. He studied medicine with the late Dr. 0. K. Hawley, of Austin- burg, and after receiving his degree he practiced his profession in Mantua, Portage county, Ohio, and in 1832 he removed with his family to Cleveland. In 1834 he removed to Detroit, and practiced there till 1838, when he returned to Cleveland, where he sjient the remainder of his i)rofessional life, and nuide himself a high reputation both as a jthysiciau and a valuable citizen. His leading traits as a physician were the exercise of benevolence and fearlessness in the performance of his professional duties. These noble qualities were thoroughly illustrated when that great scourge, the Asiatic cholera, made its first ap- pearance in Cleveland the first year he settled there. This disease was introduced by the arrival of the steamer ''Henry Clay," which sailed up to the land- ing at the foot of Superior street. As usual in those early days, when there were no raili-oads and tele- graphs, the crowd assembled at the landing to hear the news and see who had come. As the boat neared the wharf the captain appeared on the deck, and ex- claimed that " the cholera had broken out among his passengers and crew; that several were dead and a number more were down with it, and for God's sake to send a doctor aboard!" This announceuicnt cre- ated a panic in the crowd. They all scattered and fled in every direction, — many taking their horses and llceing into the country. A messenger went hurried- ly to the office of Dr. Cowles, and with a frightened expression of countenance informed him that his services were needed, — that " the boat was filled with the dead and sick." The doctor promptly started for the boat, and exerted himself immediately with all his power to alleviate the sufferings of the sick. At a meeting held previously by the citizens of the then vil- lage of Cleveland it had been voted, with only two dis- sentient votes, that no boat having the cholera aboard should be allowed to come into port or land its pas- sengers, for fear of contagion. The two who opposed this resolution were the late Thomas P. Mav and Dr. Cowles. Under this action of the citizens the ''Henry Clay" was oliliged to leave. Dr. Cowles vol- unteered to accompany the sick and look after them, and in spite of the remonstrances of his fi'iends, who believed he never would get through alive, he went on that charnel-ship to Detroit, and remained on it until everything possible had been done to relieve the sick and to fight down the death-dealing scourge. His predominating trait was his love of justice to all — the high and low, rich and poor. This sense was strongly developed in his hatred of the system of slavery, which, as he expressed it, "violated every commandment in the decalogue, every principle of justice, all laws of human nature, and destroyed the foundation of a common humanity." He was one of the first who came out publicly and avowed them- selves "abolitionists," at a time when it was consid- ered disgraceful to be called by that term. He was one of the first members of the "old Liberty Guard," and many a poor fugitive slave has he aided to free- dom rid the underground railroad. As a politician he was somewhat prominent. He su]i})orted the old Whig party down to the time he voted for General Harrison, in 1840. In 1841 he joined the "Liberty l)arty " the germ of the present Eepublioun party. In all the walks of life he was distinguished for moral rectitude, honesty, ami incorruptible integ- rity. As a gentleman of general information he rarely, met with his peer, for, like John Quiucy Adams, he never forgot what he read, and it was this gift that made him the remarkable conversationalist and controversialist that he was. He was a devout and active member of the Congregational church, and one of its most valued supporters. He was mar- ried in 181.5 to Miss Almira Mills Foot, a lady of great force of character, of amiable disposition, and of a most affectionate nature. She was born in Norfolk,, Connecticut, in 179t», and was descended from Na- thaniel Foot, the first settler of WetiiersHeld, and was a half-sister of the late Joseph B. Cowles, of Austin- burg, and of the late Hon. Samuel Cowles, who died in Cleveland in 18^7. After the death of his consort, which occurred in 1840, Dr. Cowles spent his remain- ing days among his children, who vied \vitli each other in endeavoring to promote his comfort and smooth the ways of his declining days. He died in June, 1861, at the residence of his son, Mr. Edwin Cowles, in Cleveland. Had he lived only one and a half years louL'er he would have witnessed the great desire of his BIOGRAPHICAL SKETf'IlES. 34:^ heart — tlie abolition of slaverj'. As it was, like Moses of old, " lie (lied in sight of the promised land." Dr. (Jowles had six children. His first child, Sam- lU'l, died when three years of age. His second, (iiles iioiikcr, died in Cleveland, aged twcnty-threo, leaving I'diir. wiio are living: Mr.-;. Helen C. Wiieeloi', of But- ler, Missouri; .Judge Samuel Cowles. of San l''r;in- eisco, C'alifornia; Kdwin (Jowles, editor of tlic Lriiilcr, Cleveland; and Alfred t'owles, one of the piililisliers of the Chicago TrUiuHe. EDWIN COWLES. Edwin Cowles, editor and jirinter, was born in Austinburg, Aslitaliula county, Oiiio, September 19, lS'.i5. His father was tlic late Dr. Edwin W. Cowles just noticed. His ancestors were all of Puritan de- scent, e.\cept one line, vvliich traces its origin to the Huguenots. On his father's side he is descended Irom one of three l)rothers wlio settled in the town of Earmington, Connecticut, in U'ib'i. On his grand- mother's side, who was a Miss Abigail White of Stamford, Connecticut, lie is a direct descendant of Peregrine White, tlie lirst white child born in New England; and also of a Huguenot by the name of De Crasse, wliich name was ciianged subse([uently to Weed. The Rev. Thomas Hooker, the Hrst clergy- man who was settled in Connecticut, was also one of Mr. Cowles' ancestors. On his mother's side lie was descended from Nathaniel Eoote, tiie first settler of W'etherslield, Connecticut. His boyhood days were spent in Cleveland, with the exception of a few years that he lived in Austin- burg, and in Detroit where his father resided for a short time. In 1839 ho commenced learning the trade of a printer and served his time mostly with the late Josiah A. Harris, then editor of the Cleveland lli-rald. He finished his education at (Jrand River Institute iu 1843. At tiie age of eighteen, he em- barked in the pi'inting business in com])any with Mr. T. II. Smead, under the firm name of .Smead & Cowles. In 1853 he dissolved partnership with Mr. Smead and became a member of the firm of Modill, Cowles it Co., publishers of the daily ForcM Vilfi Deiiioirat, which was the result of the consolidation of the daily True Democrat and daily Forest Citij. Both papers had been published as losing ventures, the former by .lohn C. N'aughan and the latter by Joseph Medill. In 1854 the name of the paper was changed to Clove- land Lender. In 1855 Messrs. Medill and Vaughan sold out to Mr. Cowles and removed to Chicago, where they purchased the Chicago Tribune, of wiiich -Mr. Cowles" brother, Alfred, Ijecaine the business manager. During the winter of 1854-55 the first movement which led to the formation of the great Rei)ublic-vn l>arty Wiis made in the Leailer editorial room, result- ing in tiie issuing of the call for the lirst Repulilican convention cvit lielil, which met in I'ittsburg. The gentlemen who held that meeting in the editorial room were Messrs. John C. Vaughan, Josejih .Medill, J. F. Keeler, R. C. Parsons, R. P. Spalding and others whose names are not remembered. The result of that convention was the consolidation of the Free Soil, Know-nothing and Whig parties into one great p;uiy, the history of which is well known. Mr. Cowles carried on the paper alone until lK(;ii, when he organized the Cleveland Leader Printing Corii])any. of which he retained a controlling int.er- cst. He acted as business manager of the Ijender until 180(1, when he assumed the chief-editorship. From this time he steadily rose to prominence as an editor because of the strength and boldness of his ut- terances and his progressive and decided views on pop- ular topics, which soon made his journal one of the most powerful in the West. While the terrible Ijlack cloud of secession was looming up in 18(i()-01, Mr. Cowles took a linn [losition in the columns of the Leader in favor of the government suppressing the heresy of secession with the army and navy if neces- sary. In 1801 he was api)ointed jwstmaster of Cleve- land and held that office for five years. Under his administration he established and perfected the system of free delivery of mail matter by carriers. In 18f!l Mr. Cowles first suggested, in his paper, the nomination by the Republican party of David Tod, a war Democrat, for the jnirpose of uniting all the loj'al elements in the cause of the Union. The suggestion was adojited, and Mr. Tod was nominated and elected. That same year, immediately after the battle of Bull Run, Mr. Cowles wrote an editorial headed " Now is the time to abolish slavery." He took the position that the South, being in a state of rebellion against the general government had forfeited all right to property — that the government had the same right to abolish slavery for the purpose of weak- ening the resources of the Confederacy by liberating in its midst a jn'oducing class from which it mainly derived its sinews of war, us it had to capture and destro}' rebel jiroperty, burn towns, etc., as a mili- tary necessity. For taking this advanced position the JjCnder was severely criticised by a portion of the Re- publican press, which declared that it was aiding the rebellion by creating dissatisfaction among the war Democrats of the nortii. In less than one yeai- after the iniblicatioii of that article President Lincoln issued his preliminary emancipation proclamation, which embodied precisely the same views. In 1803 Mr. Cowles suggested in the Leader the name of Jolin Brough to succeed Governor Tod iu the gubernatorial chair. It was after the name of Vallandigham, had been taken np by the Democnicy for that office, and at a period during the war previous to the surrender of Vicksburg and the battle of Gettysburg, when the Union armies had met with a series of reverses, and discouiagemcut had commenced its work among the conservative loyal element. The nomination of Vallandigham, following the election of 1802, when the Demo- 344 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. crats had carried Ohio by a large majority, cre- ated great alarm among the friends of (he Union for fear that the discouraging military ontlook would have its effect toward favoring the peace-at-any-price party. Mr. Brougli, though formerly a life-long Democrat, was a firm Union man under all circum- stances, and withal his reputation for great executive ability was widely known, and for these reasons his name was announced as a candidate for governor in the Leader. It was warmly seconded by the loyal press, and he was nominated and elected by more than one hundred thousand majority over Mr. Val- landigliam. Governor Brough, and Governors An- drews and Morton, formed tliat famous trio of great war governors whose names will go down in history side Ijy side with Lincoln, Grant, Stanton and Chase. In 1870, Mr. Oowles' attention having been called to tlic great danger that existed from the various rail- road crossings in the valley of the Cuyahoga between the bights of the east and west sides of Cleveland, he conceived the idea of a high bridge, or viaduct as it is generally called, to span the valley and Cuyalioga river, connecting the two hill tops, thus avoiding go- ing up and down liill and crossing the "valley of death." He wrote an elaborate editorial favoring the city's building the viaduct. His suggestion met with fierce opposition from tiie other city papers, it being considered by them Utopian and unnecessary, but it was sul)mitted to the popular vote and carried by an immense majority. This great work, costing nearly three millions, is one of the wonders of Cleveland. In 1876 Mr. Cowles was elected a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Cincinnati, which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for Pi-esideut. He represented Oiiio in the committee on platform, and was tJie author of the seventh plank favoring a con- stitutional amendment forbidding appropriations out of any public fund for the benefit of any institution under sectarian control. The object of this amend- ment was two-fold: first, to forever settle the ques- tion of dividing the school fund for the benefit of the Roman Catholic Church; second, to guard the future from the encroachment of that Church that is sure to result from its extraordinary increase in numbers. In 1877 he was eomi)limented by President Hayes by being appointed one of the honorary commission- ers to the Paris Exposition. Mr. Cowles has now been connected with journal- ism for over a cpiarter of a century. The experience of his paper has l)ccnlike the history of all daily pa- pers. It had sunk previous to his being connected with it over thirty thousand dollars. The first nine years after he had taken hold of it, it sunk over forty thousand dollars more, and at the end of that time it commenced paying expenses, eventually resulting in his being able to pay off every cent of indebtedness. Its business has increased tenfold under his adminis- tration, and it also has the largest daily circulation of any jiaper west of the Alleghenies, with the exception of two papers in Cliicago, one in St. Louis, and one in Cincinnati, and has more than double the circula- tion of all the other Cleveland papers combined. When he commenced his editorial career, his staff consisted of himself, one associate, and one citv ' ^ editor. Now it is composed of himself as chief editor, one managing, four assistant editors, and an editor each in charge of the commercial, city, literary and dramatic, and telegraphic depai-tments, also one in charge of the Washington branch otlice, and four reporters — fourteen in all. His chief characteristic as an editor, is his fearlessness in treating all ques- tions of the day without stopping to consider "whether he will lose any subscribers" by taking this side or that. His great ambition is to have the Leader take the lead in the work of reform, the promulga- tion of ])rogres.sive ideas, the elevation of humanity to as high a scale as possible, and to oppose in every shajie tyranny and injustice, whether of church, vState, capital, corporation, or trade-unions, and at tiie same time to make it the most influential paper in the State, if not in the West. Mr. Cowles' success in life has been attained under extraordinary disadvantages. From his birth he was aiHicted with a defect in hearing which caused so pe- culiar an impediment of s])eech that no parallel case was to be found on record. Until he was twenty- three years of age the peculiarity of this impediment was not di.scovered. At that age Professor Kennedy, a distinguished elocutionist, became interested in liis case, and after a thorough examination it was found that he never heard the hissing sound of the human voice, and consequently had never made that sound. Many of the consonants sounded alike to him. He never heard the notes of the seventh octave of a piano or organ, never heard the upper notes of a violin, the fife in martial music, never heard a bird sing, and has always supposed that tlie music of the birds was a poetical fiction. This discovery of his physical defect enabled him to act accordingly. After much time spent in practicing, under Professor Kennedy's tui- tion, he was enabled to learn arbitrarily how to make tiie hissing sound, but he never hears the sound him- self, although he could hear ordinarily low-toned conversation. As a citizen Mr. Cowles was ever active in all be- nevolent and charitable enterprises, giving liberally to them according to his means, and devoting the infiuence of liis JDunial to tlieir support and encour- agement. Mr. Cowles is wedded to his profession, and never expects to leave it for any other; in other words, he expects to die in the harness. Owing to the power of the press in controlling public sentiment, backed up as it is by the aid of wonderful lightning jirinting machinery, the telegraph, that great association for the collection of news — the associated press, the division of intellectual labor into different depart- ments, and the fast railroad trains, he considers journalism, if only managed in the interests of religion, morals, humanity, and of doing the greatest II I'.lOCK'Al'IllCAr. SKKTOHES. 345 i;i)()(l to llie gre.itfst nuiiiln'r. I lie j;r;niil('st of ;ill j)ni- t'ussioii.s. ^[i-. Cowles was nun rii'(l in ISiO, to Miss Eliziibeth C. Iliitcliinson, dauglitor of tlie Hon. Mosely Uutch- in.soii, of ('ayiif(a, New York. He had by this union si\- cliiidrcn, Afyra F. who married Mr. Clias. W. Chase, !i merchant of Olevehind; Helen H., Eugene II., Alfred H., Lewis H., and Edwin. The youngest, Kdwin. died in infancy. His eldest, .son, Eugene, is a niendier of the T.cnth'r editorial staff, having charge of the Washinglon ollice as corresjiondcnt. SAMUEL COWLES. Samuel Cowlcs, a lawyer, was born in Norfolk, Con- necticut, .June S, 1775, and died at C'loveland, Ohio, in November, 1837. His father was a representative New Enghmd farmer. He was edncated at Williams College, and graduated tlicro in I he year 1708, after- wards serving as tutor theie for two years, when ho commenced the study of law in Hartford, and was admitted to tiie bar. ][e practiced his ])rofession in Farniington and Hartford till about 1830, when he removed to Cleveland, then a village of about five liundred inhabitants. There he went into partnership with the late Alfred Kelley, and carried on the law business with him for several years. Afterward Mr. Cowles formed a copartnerslii|) with a late student of his, Sherlock J. Andrews; finally giving the busi- ness up to him and retiring from the practice of his profession about the year IS^-t. Hon. J. W. Allen studieil law under Mr. Clowles in the year 1825. In 1S:5I) he was appointed a judge of the court of com- mon pleas, which position he fdled at the time of his dcatii. In ls:i-i Ml'. Cowlcs was married in lj("no\-, Massa- chusetts, to Miss Cornelia Whiting. In 1833 he erected the mansion on Euclid avenue, now used as an Ursnline convent, and resid(Hl in it till his death, lie was a good representative of the gentlemen of the old school, a higli-mindod lawyer, of irreproachable character, of dignified bearing, and (rf the Diost fas- tidious tastes. His society was sought after, espe- cially by the cultivatetl. He was a brother-in-law of the late Dr. Edwin W. Cowles, ami uncle to Mr. Edwin Cowlcs of the Cleveland I.radir. D. W. CROSS. I). W. Cross, one of Cleveland's prominent citizens and leading capitalists, was l)orn on the 17tli of No- vember, 1814, in Richland (now Pulaski), New York. He received an excellent education at Hamilton Seminary (one of the foremost institutions of learn- ing in the State), and, upon the completion of his studies in 1836, removed to Cleveland, where he en- tered the law-office of Messrs. I'aync & Wilson as a student. While thns employed he received, in 1837, an appointment as deputy collector of the port of Cleve- land, which posiliiiii, with :i brii'f intciTUpl ion, he retained for eighteen years. During that tinu' he effected many useful reforms and improvements in the management of the custom-house, and received from the secretary of the treasury a gift of ^U^M as an acknowledgement of his zeal and energy. During the first yeai-s of his holding the oflice he continued his law studies, and in due season was admitted to practice in both the Slate and United States courts. In 1844 he joined .Mr. Robert I'arks in a law partnership which continued until the death of that gentleman in 18G0. In 1848 and 184!» he was elected township-clerk of Cleveland (an important office) by overwhelmingly large majorities, and in 1840 was chosen a member of the city council. In 1855 Mr. Cross entered upon the most impor- tant entcrpri.se of his life, that of coal-mining. In company with Oliver IT. Pen-y ho purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land, and leased several other tracts, upon Mineral Ridge, in the Mahoning valley, the coal deposits in which were beginning to promise imi)ortanl results if properly worked. Messi-s. Perry & Cross entered prom])lly and actively into the business of coal mining, and soon landed upon the Cleveland docks, via the Pennsylvania and Ohio canals, the first cargoes of coal shijjpcd from Mineral Ridge to Cleveland. In 1859 Mr. Perry transferred his interest to Henry B. Payne, the firm being continued as D. W. Cross & Co. In 1800 it received an additional part- ner in the person of Lemuel Crawford, who retired in isijl and was succeeded by Isaac Newton; the firm name being changed to Cross, Payne & Co. Business operations were at this time materially widened by the purchase of new coal mines, by the construction of docks, and by the bnihling of a rail- way to connect the Summit Bauk with the canal, at ^ Middlcbury. In 1807 Mr. Cross retired fiom tlu^ lirm of Cross, Payne & Co., and rested awhile upon the fruits of his industry. Since his retirement from the lirm. however, Mr. Cross hiis retained his connection with the coal interest to a considerable extent, and is to-day the owner of some of the most valuable coal lands in tlic State. His identification with the early coal trade of the Mahoning valley, and its prosperous development under his effoi-fs, were facts of such imjiortance, not only in his career but in that of Cleveland, that it would be very diflicult to separate entirely the his- tory of his life from that of the great business just alluded to. His was the niiiul that saw how imi)ortant and necessary it was that Cleveland should have cheap coal, to the end that she might become a great manu- facturing city, and in opening the way for choa]) fuel he furnished the opportunity for which Cleveland hail so long waited. Although no longer immediately connected with the coal trade, Mr. C^ross is still act ivelv engaged in 346 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. important business enterprises, for a temperiuiient like liis could not be well satisfied with entire inactiv- ity; but, naturall}', be enjoys substantial immunity from the anxieties and labors incident to bis earlier experience. The interests of three important manu- facturing corporations receive the benefits of his atten- tion. Of each of two of these — the Winslow Car Roofing Company and the Cleveland Steam Gauge Company — he is the president, and of a third — the Amherst Stone Company — he is a director. To the conduct of these extensive enterprises Mr. Cross gives careful heed, and their substantial success testifies to his excellent administration. He is a life member of tlie Western Reserve and Xortliern Ohio Historical Society, and a member of the Kirtland Society of Natural History. AVith both organizations he has long been closely associated, and to the latter has contributed nian\' valuable specimens. He was, in his younger days, a prominent member of the Cleveland Grays, and in 183T was the secretary of that organization. For n)any years subsequent to 1839 he was the secretary of the Cleveland Lyceum, a popular debating society of that period. Since the beginning of his residence in Cleveland Mr. Cross has been a devoted disciple of Nimrod and Isaak Walton, and to this day finds his attachment to the sports of hunting and angling undimmed. These are his favorite relaxations, and, in his leisure hours, he follows them quite as eagerly as of yore. He was one of the founders of the renowned Win- ous Point Shooting Club, which owns over ten thou- sand acres of land near Sandusky Bay, and which, in its appointments and scope of action, is far beyond any similar organization in the country. In connec- tion with Dr. Darby (taxidermist), T. K. Bolton, E. A. Brown, L. M. Hubby and others, he contributed largely toward securing the superb collection of game birds now ornamenting the reception rooms of the club. As an angler Mr. Cross is not only an enthusiast but an authority. From the Adirondacks to Lake Superior, streams and lakes have paid tribute to his skill, and in company with Prof. Horace A. Ackley and Dr. Thomas Garlick — tlie pioneers of artificial fish-culture in America — he has passed many a busy hour upon the shores of Lake Erie in the successful pursuit of the finny tribe. It was through Professor Ackley's persuasion that Mr. Cross wrote the " Pis- catonarium," first 2nil)lished in the Cleveland Herald and afterward in Dr. Kirtland's Fumihj Visitor, and the Spirit of tlic Tiincx, as well a.s in other leading journals. Another article from Mr. Cross' pen, entitled "Big and Small Mouth Bass, and How a Trout takes a Fly," published in the Chicago Field of the date of Febru- ary 8, 1870, assisted materially in settling a vexed question among scientific sportsmen. In the evening of his days, Mr. Cross enjoys the satis- faction of having sturdily battled with the difficulties of life and of having jiroduced impoi-tant results, ben- eficial alike to himself and the community. The les- son of such a life needs no elaboration, since it is con- veyed in unmistakable terms by the simple record of the events. The wife of Mr. Cross was not only an amiable companion but was a valuable coadjutor in building up her husband's fortunes. She was Miss Loraine P. Lee, of Bloomfield, New York, and was married to Mr. Cross in 1840. In 18T3 she visited Europe and spent eighteen months in extended travel, of which she recorded her imin-essions in a series of highly in- teresting letters to the Cleveland Leader. Shortly after her return she fell ill, and passed to her rest on the 23d of .January, 187.5. Devoted to her home and family, endeared to a large circle of friends, and fore- most in acts of charity and love, her name remains embalmed in the affectionate remembrance of all who knew her. .JOHN CROWELL. This gentleman, a talented lawyer and politician, was born at East Haddam, Middlesex county, Con- necticut, on the 15th of September 1801. His grand- father, Samuel Crowell, was born at Chatham, Barn- stable county, Massachusetts, March 10, 1742, of which place his ancestors for several generations had been natives. In 17G9 or 1770 he married Jerusha Tracy, of East Haddam, by whom he had five sons, viz: William, Samuel, Eliphaz, .John and Hezekiah, and also one daughter who died in infancy. Samuel Crowell, Sr., died at East Haddam in 1810. Of this family, William, the eldest son, was the father of the subject of this sketch. He was boi-n at East Haddam on the 10th of July, 1771. His wife, Ruth Peck, daughter of Daniel Peck, was born in the same town in August of the same year. In the au- tumn of 1806, he, with his wife and a family of nine children (afterward increased to fourteen), removed to Ohio and settled in Rome, Ashtabula county, where he spent the remainder of his life. The Western Reserve was at that time an almost unbroken wilderness and but sparsely inhalntcd. Mr. CrowelFs family was the first in the township of Rome, and their nearest neighbors on the south were eighteen miles distant. For a few years after their settlement the privations of the pioneers were very severe. Food, shelter and clothing were only to be obtained by the most arduous exertions. Yet the forests were quickly turned into fruitful fields, and rude dwellings speedily erected. The hardships were borne with womanly patience and manly fortitude, and all honor is due the noble pioneers through whose labors the Western Reserve has become what it is to- day. The t)oyhood of John Crowell was spent among the most primitive scenes. His father was a carpenter, and with the assistance of his two eldest sons built most of the framed dwellings for miles around. Thus Jolin was left at home to assist in clearing and cultivating the farm. He possessed a vigorous con- BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 347 stitutiou and more than ordinary strength, and sur- passed most of his associates in the power of |ihysical eudu ranee. His lahor on the farm was continued until lie readied iiis majority, and tliongh lie had occasionally .ittended a winter term of the common school — kept in a log cabin — he was substantially destitute of books, and the means of instruction and improvement which tliey afford. During his minority he also attended for a few months a select school in Jefferson, taught by Mr. Thomas W'lielpley, and spent one winter un- der the instruction of the late Kev. John Hall, while that gentleman was a student of theology. In the month of November, 1822, young Crowell went on foot to Warren, in order to avail himself of the advantages offered by an academy which had been establislicd in that place a short time i)revious. The school at that time was conducted by Mr. E. R. Thompson, a graduate of Cambridge University, and a most worthy gentleman, who is remembered by Mr. Crowell with atfcctionate regard. He continued in the academy with slight interruption until February, 1825, and then commenced the study of law in the office of Thomas L. Webb, of Warren, remaining un- der his instruction until admitted to the bar in 1827. While prosecuting his studies he supported himself by teaching school, and for six months of the last year previous to his admission he was princi])al of the academy. Immediately after his admission to the bar he opened an office in Warren, and commenced the ju'actice of his profession. Having purchased Mr. William Quintry's interest in the Western Reserve C/iroiticIc, he became the partner of George Hapgood in the ownership of that establishment, and also the editor of the paper, which he conducted for several years. During the long and severe contest for the presidency between General Jackson and John Qnincy .Vdams, he was a staunch sui)i)orter of the latter. A man of his ability and enterjirise could not re- main long in obscurity, and his talents soon procured for him an extensive practice and a commanding po- sition at the bar. Mr. Crowell's attention, however, was not entirely absorbed by his profession or his newspaper. He took a deei> interest in all (piestions pertaining to the moral and intellectual improvement of the [icojile of the surrounding country. He was one of tlie earliest advocates of the princijiles of tem- perance, and assisted in organizing in Warren one of the (irst temperance societies in the West. Mr. Crowell was also one of the prime movers in the organization of the first colonization society, of which he was appointed secretary, and devoted both time and energy to its support. At length, however, finding it not adapted to the purpose for which it was originated — tiic alleviation of the sufferitigs of the slaves — he, with (ierritt Smith and others, abandoned the society, but not by any means the cause of the oppressed. Mr. Crowell continued in active practice until 1840, when he was elected to the senate of Ohio from Tnnul)ull cnuiily, on (lie Whig ticket. He possessed in a pre-emineiil degree all the higher qualities of a successful politician, and soon l)ccame the aekiK)wl- edged leader of his party in his district. In 184G he was unanimously nominated to Congress, and was elected l)y a decisive majority, his ojiponents being R. P. Ranncy and John Hutchins. In 1848 he was elected by an increased majority over Judge Ranney. In (Congress he was made a member of tiie commit- tee on claims and of the committee on Indian affairs. In July, 1848, he made an able speech in the House on the subject of " Slavery in the District of Colum- bia," in which he earnestly protested against the slave trade and depicted in a fearful manner some of the abhorent practices attendant upon the traffic in hu- man beings. In one instance he says: "Slavery is now, as it always has been, a disturbing element in the Government, and there is every reason to believe it will remain so till the last vestige of it is swept away." In conclusion he aptly ((uoted what Addison had said of Italy nearly one hundred and fifty years before : "How has kind Heaven adorned this happy land, And scattered blessings with a wasteful hand! Dut what avail her unexhausted stores. Her Ijlooniingr mountains, and her sunny shores. With all the gifts that Heaven and earth impart, The smiles of Nature, and the charms of Art, While proud oppression in her valleys reigns And tyranny usurps her hapjiy phtins.'' In 18.50, during a long and exciting deliate relative to the admission of California into the Union as a free State, he delivered a speech which attracted general attention, and in which he again expressed in the strongest terms his sentiments in regard to the exten- sion of slavery. After his retirement from Congress he removed, in 1852, to Cleveland, and resumed the practice of law. In 1862 he was elected president of the Oliio State and Union Law College, and continued in that position until 187G, when, on account of failing health, he was obliged to resign. The arduous duties of the i)lace were most satisfactorily discharged, and his lectures were highly appreciated for their depth of thought and practical application. The title of LL. D. was conferred upon him by the Law College about the time of his appointment to the presidency. He was also, for some time, chief editor of The Western Law Monthly, pulilished in Cleveland, which contained a series of biograpliical sketches from his l)en. Mr. Crowell delivered several courses of lectures in the Homo.^opathic college, on account of wliich he received the honorary degree of 31. D., and was made dean of the faculty. He served in the State militia nearly twentv years, holding the ollice of brigadier general, and being finally elected major general. He is, and always has been, an earnest advocate of common schools; and, looking upon Christianity as tiie true basis of civilization, he has throiiirhont his 348 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. life been a decided supporter of the Christian Church. Forty years or more ago he assisted in founding the first Episcopal church in Warren, and held an office in that parish until his removal to Cleveland. He is still a member of the Episcopal Church, but is Protestant and EvaDgclical, not Catholic, and therefore expresses himself as decidedly opposed to turning parish churches into recruiting stations, and the clergymen into drill- sergeants for the Church of Eonie. Mr. Crowell is not only a learned and accomplished lawyer, but also takes high rank as a classical scholar. Ilis knowledge of history, ancient and modern, and of English literature, is critical and scholarly. He possesses clear and enlarged views of the the princi- ples of legal science, in its broadest sense, ripe culture and an exemplary character, and has filled the numer- ous positions of honor and trust to whicii he has been chosen with marked ability and unvarying fidelity. His success in life is due to the high and noble (]ual- ities of his mind, to courage undaunted by the greatest obstacles, untiring industry and sound judgment. His natural gifts, physical and mental, have been thoroughly disciplined and cultivated. His addresses, lectures and bi(>gra])hical sketches were models of elegant diction and full of valualjlo and interesting points. As a political leader he enjoyed the fullest confi- dence of his party, and the respect of all. He has been a member and earnest supporter of the Republi- can party since its organization. Asa citizen ho is highly esteemed and alcove reproach. He is now an invalid, and has retired fi'om active business. After many years of labor, in i)ublic and private life, he enjoys the pleasures of a (jniet home, the society of a large circle of friends and acr|uain(ances, and the well- earned privilege of spending the rem;iinder of his (hiys in ease and quiet. Mr. Crowell was married in 1833 to Kliza 15. Esta- brook, of Worcester, Massachusetts. To them have been born five children, four of whom are living, one having died in infancy. They are Julia K., widow of Col. Henry G. Powers; Eliza 8., widow of the late Henry F. Clark; John Crowell, Ji-., a lawyer of the firm 1)1 yi. L). Loggctt i& i'u., and William Crowell. CHAPTER LXVli BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES CONTINUED J. H Devereux— W. II. Doan-D. P. Eells-S. T. Everett^James Fanin-i- — S. O. Giiswold-^E. n. Hale— T. P. Handy- Briijaniin Harrington— H. J. Herrick— B. R. Hevrick-0. J. Hodge— O. \V. Howe— J. M. Hoyt— H. B, Hurlbut— John Hutchns— Levi Jobnsun -Alfred Kelley— T, M. Kelley— C. G. King- Zenas King— R. F. Paine— R. C. Parsons— H. B. Payne— F.W. Pelton- Jacob Perkins— Nathan Ferry- H. H. Poppleton. .JOHN HENRY DEVEKEUX. John Henry Uevereux, son of Captain John Deverenx, of the merchant marine, was born at Bos- ton. AfassMcliusetts. April 5, 183:^. His ancestors were among the first settlei-s of the colony of Massa- chusetts Bay. He has also a long ancestry in the aris- tocracy of the Old World, being of the twenty-sixth generation in England and of the seventh in this country, in direct lineal descent from Robert de Ebroicis, or Robert D'Evreux, known in history as one of the Norman conquerors of England in 1000. He was educated at Portsmouth (New Ham])shiie) Academy, and, early in 1848, left his home in Massa- chusetts and came to Ohio in the capacity of a civil engineer. At that time he was but sixteen years old, a very in- dependent and high-spirited boy, possessed of un- daunted courage and unbounded enterprise. On arriving at Cleveland, he was at once emi)loyed as a constructing engineer on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad. After its completion he found similar employment on the Cleveland, Paiuesville and Ashtabula railroad. In 1853 he went south, and, until 1801, was en- gaged as civil engineer in the construction of rail- roads in Tennessee. He was jn'ominently connected with the internal improvements of that State and section, and was refei'ee in several imi)ortant cases, as to location and construction. He became the lead- ing spirit in railroad affairs, and had delormined upon residing there the remainder of his life, but on the breaking out of the war he left Tennessee — regretfully and regretted. In the spring of 1803, after having made a recon- noissance for a military railroad in tiie iShcnaiidoah valley, he received the ai)pointmeiit of superintendent of military railroads in Virginia, and under it had charge of all railroads out of Alexandria, and con- nected therewith. It was early in the spring of 1803 that the forward movements of the Federal armies in Virginia called for active operation, by the govern- ment, of the railroad lines centering in Alexandria and connecting with Washington. These lines of railroads were in the most deplorable condition, and in the midst of chaos, and of inij)erative demands for endless transportation to and from the advancing armies, General McCallum was suddenly called to the head of the department of railroads, and in turn summoned Colonel Deverenx to act as the controller and chief of the Virginia lines. The work was herculean, and its difficulties were well nigh insurmountable; theconstant assaults of the enemy upon the roads being almost equaled in in- jurious effect by the intolerance and ignorance of Fedei-al officers, whose ambition by turns extended to the special ownershi]) and directio.n of every mile of tiack, and every car and locomotive. No definite line was drawn between the jurisdiction of the chiefs of the road management, of the War Department, and of the army, but the unwritten law was none the less exacting as laid down by quartermaster's and commis- saries' dei>artments, by ordnance and hospital depart- ments, by the chiefs in command in the field. Through the whole ran the demands necessitated by the move- htp QA^rvKjUui^^tS (I II BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 349 DU'iit of liir^a' bodies cif troops, of l]:i(,|,eries iiiul j)oiitooii trains, and the i;arriaj;'e of tlie sick anil Wounded. 'I'lie roads were inl'esled with .snspicioiis churuuters and peddlci's, and tiic trains swarmed with tliese, to llie injury of every in Iciest in the service. There was no time for preparation. Colonel Devercux plunged into the chaotie mass, and, meeting unmoved each ob- stacle, laid at once the foundation of discipline and brought the strictest order and obedience into almost instant action. He filled the reconstructed shops with tools, and the roads with ade<|natc eiiuij)ments; ipiielly and jjatiently but persistently developed the systt'Ui of military I'ailroad law, and made it harmo- ni/.c with the regulations of each department, lie swept away with a single sti'okc every peddlei', and leech, and spy. and thief from the trains, which now liecami! in reality ••through trains of government siiji- plies," as the orders rc(|uiivd, and were inannod and olVu^u'ed with the most rigid discipliiu'. He organ- ized a corps of inspection and detection which swept away all that was bad or siisi>ieious, and made his eye eye the chief sentinel of the army, before which every- thing and everybody had to pass for recognition and approval. With strong juaetical sense he avoided clashing Ijctween the departments by litting the vast machine of transportation to their wants, and thus aided greallv all the plans of General Ilaiipl, as of his prcdecessoi-, General McCallum. With unwearied eiiergy he de- velo|)eo- lis railiiiad i-ompanies of such a character that he could not iu justice to his own interests refuse the oiler. He accepted and held, at the same time, the [)osition of jirosident of both the companies. At the same lime he was president of minor railroad ciir]>orations, whose lines formed part of the system of I he larger companies under his direction. When he assumed control of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad its fortunes were at a low ebb. Laboring under the most disconraging odds, he succeeded in putting the line in the best condition under the circumstances, but at the close of the year 1874 it was deemed useless to continue the struggle, until a change in its financial condition hud been ef- fected. He was accordingly made receiver, and shortly afterwards resigned his position as president and director, as incom]>atiblc with that of receiver appointed by the courts. His ajipointmcnt to the position just named was received with satisfaction by all concerned, who knew that their clashing inter- ests were in safe and honorable hands. Although never a politician, Col. Dcvereux has al- ways manifested an active interest in public affairs. Twice he was tendered a nomination to Congress, but declined. He is a man of large brain, great capacity 350 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. for work, generous impulses and a benevolent heart. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and very ac- tive in its affairs, particularly in missionary and Sunday-school work, laboring zealously and giving freely to aid the cause of religion. In the Masonic order he ranks high, and in 1800 was elected Thrice Illustrious Grand Master of the Grand Council of Ten- nessee. He was married in 1851 to Miss Antoinette C. Kelsey, daugliter of Hon. Lorenzo A. Kelsey, for- merly mayor of Cleveland. They have four children. WILLIAM II. DOAN. William H. Doan is descended from one of the oldest families in the country, which has, for genera- tions, supplied many substantial and worthy mem- bers to the community. The name is an old one in the county of Cheshire, England, and is thus alluded to in the " Patronymica Bi'ittanica" by Lower: "Done — A great Cheshire family, whom Omerod designates as a 'race of warriors' who held Utkinton (supposed to be the Done of Domesday) as military tenants of Venables from the time of King John. The chiefs of this house will be found in the battle- rolls of Agincourt, Bloreheath and Flodden. The name is pronounced Done (o long) and is also spelled Doane by members of the same (Cheshire) family." John Doan, the founder of the Doan family in this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of the three first ships that sailed to Plymouth, landing at that famous spot in the year 1C30. A brother came after- ward and settled in Canada, and another brother settled in Virginia, where he founded an extensive family. John Doan took a prominent and useful part in the allairs of Plymouth colony, and in 1G33 was chosen assistant to Governor Winslow. In addi- tion to that and other civil offices which he hold, he was made a deacon in the church at Plymouth and at Eastham. He died in 1085 at the advanced age of ninety-five years. His wife's name was Abigail, and by her he had five children — Lydia, Abigail, John, Ephraiin and Daniel. Daniel had four children by his first wife, among whom was Joseph Doan, who was born June 27, lOGiJ. Joseph had twelve children by two wives. He was a deacon of the church at Eastham for forty years, and was a pious and God-fearing man. His first child was named Mary after her mother, and the second, Josejjh, after his father. Jose])h, Jr., was born November 15, 1093, and married Deborah Had- dock Sei)tember 30, 1735. Ho moved to Middle lladdam, near Middletown, on the Connecticut river, and there engaged in shijj-building. His children were Jose])h, Nathaniel, Seth, Eunice and Phineas. Seth was born June 9, 1733, and married Mercy Parker in 1758. Both died in 1802. They had nine children — Seth, Timothy, Elizabeth, Nathaniel, Job (who died early), Mercy, Job, John M. and Deborah. The two Seth Doans, father and sou, were taken pris- oners by the British from a merchant vessel in 1770, during the Revolution, the father at the time being mate of the vessel on which he was captured. They were released in 1777, and soon after the younger Seth died from sickness contracted while a prisoner, and due to his captivity. Nathaniel, fourth child of Seth and Mercy Doan, was born about the year 170-i. He came to Cuyahoga county, Ohio, in 1790, with the party which surveyed the Western Reserve, and in 1798 moved thither with his family. The route of emigration was down the Connecticut river, along the coast by vessel to New York, up the Hudson river, across by land to Lake On- tario and thence by boat to the mouth of the Cuya- hoga river. The family lived in the then little village of Cleveland until the next fall, when they removed to what is now the east part of the city of Cleveland, settling at the " Corners," just west of Wade Park. Nathaniel Doan was a man of great piety and of sterling qualities. The first Presbyterum church- society in the Western Reserve was organized in his house, and was known as the First Presbyterian church", of which he was appointed deacon. He mar- ried Sarah Adams, of Chatham, Connecticut. His children were Sarah, Job (who died young). Job, Delia, Nathaniel and Mercy. He died November 29, 1815. Job, his eldest son, was born June 10, 1789, and was nine years of age when he came with his father to Ohio, where he experienced in liis youth all the pri- vations of pioneer life. At the age of twenty-six he was married to Harriet Woodruff, daughter of Na- thaniel and Isabel Woodruff, of Morris county. New Jersey. She was born August 31, 1797, and came to Ohio in 1814. Job Doan took a prominent part in the affairs of the town and county. He was a Whig in politics, and in 1832 and 1833 was a mem- ber of the legislature. He was also a justice of the peace for many years. He likewise built and kept the first hotel in East Cleveland. Although he had but a limited education himself, he was a liberal sujiporter of educational interests, and was also an enterprising and public-spirted citizen, charitable and generous to a fault. He died on the 30th of September, 1834, of cholera. He had eight children, Nathaniel Adams, Sarah C, who is now the wife of John Walters, Har- riet J., Lucy Ann, Martha M. (who died in infancy), William 11., Martha M., and Edwin W. William H. Doan, the subject of this sketch, was born in Cleveland, Oliio, on the 3d of July, 1828. He was educated in the public schools, and the Shaw Academy of Euclid, also attending Mr. Beatty's pre- paratory school in Cleveland. At the age of twenty he entered the law office of Hitchcock, Wilson & Wade where he remained nine months. Soon after- ward he generously voluntered to go to Sandusky to assist in caring for the sufferers by the cholera, and remlered faithful service until the disease aljated. In 1849 he went to California, and remained in ^hat State a period of ten years, engaged in various BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 351 IHii-.suits, such as mining, trading, etc. His business venLures ])roving unsuccessful, lie returned to Ohio, and, after remaining one year in Cleveland, went to Corry, Pennsylvania, where he resided from 1801 to 1S(!5. During that time he was engaged in build- ing shanties along the lino of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad, and served as an employee in various positions on the Oil Creek railroad. He also went into tbe eommission business, selling crude oil, with a ])artnor, under the firm name of W. II. Doan & Co. The tiado in oil rapidly increasing, lie removed to Cleveland, where he entered more extensively into the trartic. He subsef|nently engaged in the manu- facture of oils iind naphtha, which has proved moder- ately successful. He employs at the present time 11 fly hands, having considerably extended the busi- ness. As a citizen Mr. Poan deservedly takes a high rank. A member of the Congregational church, in which he holds the oHiccs of deacon and trustee, he has contrib- uted freely, both in time and money, to the interests of Christianity and cbarity. In jniblic enterprise and benevolent projects he is ever ready and willing to lend a heljiing hand. He originated and built, mostly with his own funds, the Tabernacle, located on the corner of St. Clair and Ontario streets, which he has devoted to the use of the people of Cleveland. He is deeply interested in the Sunday school work, serving at present as superin- tendent of the Tabernacle school. In politics he is a Prohibitionist, being an active and untiring worker in tiie cause of temperance. His many social (jualities and iiersonal virtues have won the esteem of a large circle of friends, and theresjiect of all with whom he he has been brought in contact. He was married on the ;}lHt of July, USUI, to Miss E. .1. HchhikI, of New York City. DAN P. EELLS. Major Samuel Eells came to this country from Barnstable, I^ngland, and settled in Dorchester, Mas- sachusetts, iirobably in tiie year 1033, where his son, Samuel, was born. Major Eells returned to England while his son was yet a babe, and remained until Samuel, Jr., was twenty-one years old, who then re- turned to the land of his nativity, and settled at Mil- ford, Connecticut, where he was a lawyer and an ollicer m the army. He died at Hingham, Massachusetts, at the age of sixty-nine. Nathaniel, his third son, was graduated at Harvard University, and was settled iis pastor over the church at Scituate, Massachusetts. Edward Eells, son of Nathaniel, was also graduated at Harvard, and was settled over the church at Midtlle- town, Connccticnt. James Eells, son of Edward, wjis graduated at Yale College in 1703, and like his two preceding ancestors became a clergyman, being settled over the church at (!la.stonbury, Connecticut. His son, James, was also graduated at Yale in 1790, and was past(tr over the Presbyterian church in Westmore- land, Oneida county. New York, in 1S04. lie re- moved to Ohio m 1831, where he resided in \V(H-th- ington, Franklin county, in Charlestown, Portage county, and in Amherst, Lorain county, until the death of his wife, in 1810, after which he lived in the families of his sons until May 3, 1850, when he died at Grafton, Lorain county, from lieing injured by a locomotive on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad. Rev. James Eells had seven children, one of whom, a daughter, died in infancy. The remaining six, fiv'e sons and one daughter, all born in Westmoreland, Oneida county. New Y'ork, lived to mature years. James Henry was educated at Hamilton College and Princeton Theological Seminary, was pastor of the Presbyterian church at Elyria, Ohio, and after- ward at Perrysburg, where he was drowned in the Maumee river, December 7, 1836. Samuel, born May 31, 1810, was educated at Hamilton College, where he was graduated in 1832. He became a lawyer and settled in Cincinnati, where he was for a time a part- ner of the late chief justice, S. P. Chase. He was the founder of the college society. Alpha Delta Phi, and, though less tlian thirty-two years of age at the time of his death, he was ranked among the very ablest lawyers of his time, and as an advocate had no superior at the Cincinnati bar. Mary Lucretia, born June 18, 1812, married Dr. Asa B. Brown, at Elyria Ohio, December 31, 1835, and died at Cleveland February 9, 1855. Timothy D wight, born November 1, 1815, died at Cleveland, Ajjril 18, 1876. James, born August 27, 1822, was edu- cated at Hamilton College and Auburn Theolog- ical Seminary. He was first settled over the Pres- byterian church at Penn Y'an, New Y'ork; was after- wards pastor of the Second Presbyterian church in Cleveland, and also of the Dutch Peformed church on the Ilights, in Brooklyn, New York, whence he removed to San Francisco, and became the pastor of the First Presbyterian church of that city. He is now l)astor of the First Presbyterian church in Oakland, ("alifornia, and professor of jnistoral theology in the S;ui Francisco Theological Seminary. Dan Parmlee Eells was born April 16, 1825. He entered Hamilton College, but before completing his course removed to Cleveland, where he continued his studies, being graduated with the class of 1848. In March, 1S40, he was given a position in the Com- mercial Branch of the State Bank of Ohio. Here he remained until 1857, manifesting such decided financial abilities and winning so many friends among business men, that he was solicited to beconje a part- ner in a private banking house, and the firm of Hall, Eells & Co. was formed, ^L•. Eells being the manag- ing partner. In November, 1858, the managers of the Commercial Branch I?ank, desirous of regaining his services, elected him their cashier. In this posi- tion he remained until 1865, when the charter of the institution expired. The Commercial National Bank was now organized, and the business of the Commer- 353 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. cial Branch Bank was transferreri to it. Mr. \V. A. Otis was chosen president, and Mr. Eells, vice j)resi- dent. On the deatli of Mr. Otis, in 18G8, Mr. Eells was elected president, and has remained in that posi- tion until the present time. This has heen one of tiieiloiirisliinn; banking institutions of the city, having a capital stock of $1,250,000, and a large surplus. It has always pursued a liberal but prudent policy under Mr. Eells' management; the wisdom of which is manifest by its large and profitable business. He has also been interested in other large business enter- prises; being a director and the vice president of the Republic Iron Company; a director in the Otis Steel and Iron Company, and having large investments in numerous manufacturing and other enterprises. Although so largely engaged in business, he has al- ways found time to assist in all the benevolent jirojects of the time. lie is the treasurer of the Cleveland Or- phan Asylum, and the Bethel Home has always had his warm su])port. When the Cleveland Bible Society was organized, in 1857, Mr. Eells was chosen its treas- urer, which position he held until 1877, when he was elected its president. Mr. Eells married Mary, daughter of George A. Howard, of Orrville, Ohio, on the 13th of Sejitember, 1849. They had two children; Howard Pnrmlee, Ijorn Jnne 10, 1855, and Emma Paige, born Ai)ril 8, 1857. He married as his second wife, Mary, daughter of Stilhnau Witt, of Cleveland, on thel5th of June, 1801. By this marriage there have been four children, Eliza Witt, born July 1, 18G7, who died from injuries by explosion of the steamer "Chautaurpia." on Chautau- <)ualake, August 15, 1871; Stillman Witt, born April 24, 1873; and William Hamilton and Winifred Doug- lass, (twins), born October 20, 1874; of whom William II. died July 10, and Winifred D. July 1 7, 1875. Mr. Eells is an elder of the Second Presbyterian church, and is one of its most active supporters. A descend- ant of a long line of honorable and educated ancestors, six generations of whom have been clergymen in the New England Presbyterian and Congregational churches, Mr. Eells' life has been an example, socially and morally, of what may be exjiected from such a lineage. SYLVESTER T. EVERETT. The subject of this sketch, a son of Samuel Ever- ett, a prominent merchant and manufacturer, was born in Liberty township, Trumbull county, Ohio, on the 27th of November, 1838. He Avas educated in the common schools of his native town and lived on his father's farm until 1850. In that year he came to Cleveland, to reside with his brother. Dr. Henry Everett; attending the public schools until 1853, when he entered the enijdoy of S. Raymond & Co. In March of the succeeding year he was admitted to a clerkship in the banking house of Brockway, Wa- son, Everett & Co., and three years after his en- trance was j)romoted to the position of cashier. In 185ii he was called to Philadelphia. Ponn.- continued nearly thirty years. Fn 1834 Mr. I''armei- was married to .Miss .Mcrib:ih liiiller, a young lady of English i)arentagc who had )iieviously removed with her parents to Ohio from I'biladelphia. Ii\ ls:J8 he built what was for (hose times a large llouring mill, after which he incrcaseil his business l)V [)urchasing wheat and manufacturing it into flour, which he shippeil to the cities of New York, Phila- del|)hia, Hoston and New Orleans. In carrying on these pursuits, Mr. Farmer had occasion to travel very widely, thus acipiiriug a knowlege of the great com- mercial interests of the country, and coming into liusiness relations with a large circle of wealtliy and intluential men. In 1844, before the era of railways in Ohio, when till' transfer of freight and passengers was carried on piincipally by water, Mr. Farmer built a line steamer which was employed several years in the profitable trade of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers; running between Pittsburg, Cincinnati, St. Louis and New Orleans. In the year 184G Mr. Farmer, with his usual enterprise, was foremost in securing a char- ter for the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad company. Ho was made its ])resident and devoted his time, his money and, what was most important of all, his untiring energy, to the construction of the road. Under his able management it was completed from Cleveland to the Ohio river in about five years. This road opened up a large amount of mineral wealth, and gave a great impetus to the business of Cleveland, especially to the coal trade. In 1850 Mr. Farmer removed with his family to the "Forest City," and engaged in the coal business; having mines of his own which he has worked success, fully for the past twenty-five years. Since coming to Cleveland he has also identified himself with the man- ufacturing of iron, and with the banking interests of the city. In 1858 Mr. Farmer was again called to the presi- dency of the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad com- pany, and in order to facilitate its management the superintendency was also assigned him. It was mainly through his wise and economical administration that the road was kept from falling into the hands of its bondholders, a fate that befel many railroads after the disastrous financial crash of 1857. In 1859 Mr. Farmer, feeling that the company was again uj)on a safe footing, retired from the presidency. lie i-e- mained a member of the board of directors, however, for several years longer, when he withdrew entirely, having served the company, in all, nearly twenty years. Mr. Farmer, although devoting hiinself principally to his own business, ever kept the welfare of Cleve- land in view, and, as he was convinced that the city's greatness depended on its niannfactures, he deter- mined to labor for the construction of a new railway line to the nearest coal fields. In 1870 he began, through the press and otherwise, the agitation of the subject, as one of vital importance to the future pros- ))erity of the city. In 1871 the N'allcy railway company was organized, the object of which was to build a road from Cleve- land l)y way of Akron and Canton, into the very heart of the great coal and iroii fields of Oliio. Mr. Farmer was chosen president of the company and the work of construction begun in the spring of 1873. Owing, however, to the great financial crash in the fall of that year, the work was sus])ended, but the company's alfairs kept in such trim that it was able to go on at tlie first opportunity, and in 1878 the first rails were laid. At the present time the road is nearly comjiletcd to Canton, a distance of sixty miles from Cleveland, and its entire success is full}' lussuied. Mr. Farmer has thus been the principal promoter of two railwavs, one of which has given to Cleveland its 354 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. great manufacturing importance as well as that large part of its commerce whicli depends on its manufac- tures, and the other of which promises largelj' to in- crease both its commerce and its manufactures. Mr. Farmer is now seventy-seven years of age, but is still hale and hearty. He has the comjianionship of liis wife and five children, and with his children's children around him still looks forward to many years of useful life. He is an honored member of the Soci- ety of Friends. He has never sought political prefer- ment, but has moved quietly in the business walks of life, devoting his time and energy to enterprises for the public good, believing that a man has higher duties than the mere acquisition of wealth, and that he who lives to benefit mankind lias ennobled his own soul, and may well rest when life's labor is done. He possesses a well-balanced mind, maturing all his plans by careful consideration, has a calm judgment, is serene in disposition, and is charitable to the fail- ings of others. He is genial as a friend, kind and indulgent as a husband and father, and is generally esteemed, respected and beloved. He is a close ob- server of both men and things, and may truly be said to be the architect of his own fortunes. He possesses a strong will which has carried him over all obstacles in his business enterpi'ises. He has lived to see his efforts for the public good crowned with success, and is entitled to enjoy the honorable old age that is his. SENECA O. GUISWOLD. This gentleman, a prominent member of tlie legal fraternity of Cleveland, was born at Windsor, Con- necticut, on the 20th of December, 1823. He is a direct descendant in the sixth generation from Ed- ward Griswold, who settled in Windsor in 1635, and who was the ancestor of a considerable number of men, distinguislied in literature, science and pro- fessional life. In his youth, Mr. (iriswold attended tiie Snfheid Connecticut Literary Institute until he attained his seventeenth year. In 1841 he came to Ohio, and the following year entered Oberlin College as a member of the freshman class. He was graduated in 1845 and immediately afterward relurned to Connecticut, where he taught for one year in the academy of his native town. Returning to Oliio at the expiration of that time, he entered the law oflRce of Messrs. Bolton & Kelly, of Cleveland, and remained with them until admitted to the bar in 1847. In the spring of 1S48 he formed a partnership with the Hon. John C. Oranuis, and at once entered on the practice of his profession. After remaining in that partnership three years he entered the firm of Bolton & Kelly, the name of which then became Bolton, Kelly & firiswold. In 1856 Mr. Bol- ton was elected to the bench, and the firm then changed its name to Kelly & Griswold, which appel- lation it retained until thedeatJi of the former gentle- man in I8T0. In 18G1 Mr. Griswold was elected a member of the genei'al assembly, and served one term. While a mem- ber of the legislature he afforded valuable assistance in organizing tiie raili'oad sinking-fund commissidu and also in })rocuring for the city a paid tire depart- ment. Tlie year after tlio death of Mr. Kelly he formed a copartnership with Mr. Isaac Buckingham, a former student, with whom he was associated two years. He was then, in 1873, elected one of the judges of the superior court of Cleveland, and during the same year was elected, by both Democrats and Republicans, as a member of the State constitutional convention. In this convention he held a prominent position, serv- ing, with marked ability as chairman of the commit- tee on corporations and as a member of the apjior- tionment committee. Mr. Griswold was chiefly in- strumental in establishing the Cleveland Law Library association, of which he was, for many years, tlie))res- ident. Upon the exjiiration of his judicial term Mr. Griswold returned to the practice of his profession with renewed ardor, and in 1878 again became associated with Mr. Grannis, which connection he has maintained to tlie present time. He delivered an oration at the centennial celebra- tion in the city of Cleveland, on the 4th of July, 1876, which was acknowledged by all to be an eloquent and able address, well worthy of the occasion which called il it forth. \\ As a judge Mr. Griswold commanded the res))ect of all by his learning and impartiality, and as a lawyer he stands in the front rank of the profession; his ex- tensive reading, well-balanced judgment and logical i reasoning making him a most relialile counselor and successful practitioner. Mr. Griswold was married, in 1858, to Helen Lucy Robinson of Wcstfield, New York. His wife died in 1871, since when he has remained nnniarricd. EDWIN B. HALE, The subject of this sketch, who is one of the most prominent and successful bankers and business men of the city, belongs to one of the oldest and best known families in England and the United States; and, although it would greatly transcend the limits allowed here to trace its history at length and mention all who have reflected credit on their ancient and honorable name, yet a brief notice of a few jioints nnij' not be inappropriate. In the history and antiquities of the coinily of Essex, England, liy Philij) Mornant, London, 1 '^I'lS. we find numerous references to the family of Hales. As early as the thirteenth century the family name appears among the burgesses in parliament, and is re- ferred to in the history of the reigns of Richard the First, Edward the Third and their immediate successors. Many members of the family were called to offices of trust and position by the communities in lUOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 355 wliiuli tliov lived, Mini (lu^ iiaiiu' is muiilioned witli licHiDi' ill l)otli civil :ui(l military annals — Sir Mat- tlii'w Hale, the upright jiirlge, lieiiig one of the most distinguished of the family, 'riieolliee of high sheriff of the county was frecjucntly lillcd by -some one bear- ing the name of Hale, and th(! family has almost con- tinously had a representative in one or liolli houses of iiarliameiit. Members of the family at. an cai-ly diU' settled in New England; the first settler of tliciiainein Con- necticut being Samuel H;de, (son of William Hale, Esij., of Kings Walden, England, high sheriff of Hert- fordshire iu 1G31, who married K-isu, daughter of Sir (Jeorge Bond, Knight Lord Mayor of London, in l.")S7,) who located in tlic neighborhood of Hartford about the year IC-tO. In the annals of (llastonbury, Connecticut, (so named from the famous old inonasf ic town in England, which was distinguished as a seat of learning and where the first Christian (!hurch was erected about the year (100) we find the names of his deseeudants (|iiite prominent; they being engaged in various wars of the olden time — notably in King Phil- ip's war, the old I"';enchand Lidian wai'and the warof the Itevohition. lu the war of the Revolution no less than sixteen able bodied men, heads of families, by the name of Hale, all from this small settlement of tilastonbury, attached themselves to the army as sol- diers and^ave good evidence of their patriotism by risking their lives in their country's service. Philo Hale, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a man of remarkable energy and enterprise, and was the first who engaged iu and established the business of ship building on the Connecticut river, which he conducted successfully until the sudden outbreak of the war of 1813. The war ruined his business and involved him in serious loss. He afterwards traveled extensively abroad, but, finding no foreign country like his native land, came back, im- proved his broken fortunes and, attracted by the bi auty of the prairie country, gave his iiieans and ener- gies to the development: of the interests of centi-al Illi- nois, where he died in 1848, universally esteemed and respected as a ]iublic-spirited citizen. The soil of whom we write was born iu Brooklyn, Long Island, February 8, 1819. During his infancy his parents removed to Connecticut, and gave him in early youth the advantages of the best schools. The death of his mother, two brothers and a sister, at an early period of life, prevented him from entering Vale College, and defeated all the family plans for his fur- ther education. The young boy then found himself ilciiendent upon the symjiathy of distant relatives. He came to Ohio, and entered Kcnyon College in 1837, where he gave his entire attention to his studies and graduated with the honors of his class in 184L having a personal fri(Uid in every member of the faeiiltv and the kind regard of all his fellow students. Fonil of letters, it was his intention to devote himself to the pursuts of literature, but after much discussion, and rather in deference to the wish of his father, he turned his attention to the legal profession and entered the otlice of (ioddard & Converse, attorneys at Zanesville, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar, after an examina- tion conducted by the Hon. Joseph Hoot, in 181.'?. After this, business required his presence in Illinois, and absorbed his attention for several years. In 18.")2, after the death of his father, he removed to Cleveland, attracted thither by its beautiful situa- tion, its climate, the enterprise of its citizens, and its educational and other advantages. He there com- menced business as a private banker and is still so engaged. Mr. Hale is a strictly conscientious and conservative man, cautious and considerate, thought- ful and well balanced. In his business relations he is highly respected, and his counsel is freely and fre- quently sought. Ill his ininiediate social circle genial and iileasant, he is cherished and beloved. As a citizen he is quiet and unostentatious, but always interested in every measure for the public good, and the poor have ever found in him a true and sympathetic friend. In 184G he was married to the daughter of S. N. Hoyt, Esq., of Chardon, Ohio, and now has three sons and four daughters living, some of whom are married and reside in the immediate neighborhood of their father's residence. TRUMAN P. HANDY. Truman P. Handy was born in Paris, Oneida coun- ty, K,ew York, on the 17th day of January, 1807. He I'cceived a good education at an academy and made preparations for entering college, but at the age of eighteen he acceiited a clerkship in the Bank of Geneva, in Ontario county in that State. Eivc years later he resigned and removed to Buffalo, to assist in the organization of the Bank of Biitfalo, in which he held the jiosition of teller for one year. In 1833 he removed to Cleveland, having been in- vited there for the purpose of resuscitating the Com- mercial Bank of Lake Erie, established in 1810, the charter of which had been purchased by Hon. (ieorge Bancroft, of Massachusetts. Mr. Handy accepted the post of cashier and reorganized the bank, which prospered until 1843, when its charter expired and a renewal was refused by the legislature. In the finan- cial crash of 1837 it had been compelled to accept real estate in settlement of the estate of its involved customers, and thus became one of the largest land- holdei's in the city. When its business was closed Mr. Handy was ajipointed trustee to divide this ]> op- erty among the stockholders. This task he completed in 1845. .^[eanwllile he had, in 1S43, established a private banking house under the firm name of T. P. Handy & Co., in conducting the business of which he met with his accustomed success. In 1845 Mr. Handy organized the Commercial Branch Bank, under tlie act of legislature of that year authorizing the estab- lishment of the State Bank of Ohio. He assumed the cashiership and was also the acting manager. The 356 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. success of bis management of its affairs may be in- ferred from tbe fact tbat tbe stockbolders realized an average of twenty per cent, on tbeir investments for a period of twenty years, nntil tbe termination of the ebarter in 18G5. In 1801 Mr. Handy was called upon to revive tbe credit of anotber important institution, wbieb bad been seriously crippled by tbe failure of tbe Ohio Life and Trust Company. He accepted the presidency of tbe establishment in question (tbe Mercliants' Branch of the State Bank of Ohio), and under bis manage- ment it rapidly recovered its lost ground. In Febru- ary, 1865, it was reorganized as the Merchants' Na- tional Bank under tbe United States banking law, with a capital of one million dollars, six hundred thousand of which were paid in. Mr. Handy was elected president of the reorganized institution, and conducted its affairs with great success. From 1850 to 1860 be also served as treasurer of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad company, and managed its finances witli sagacity and skill. This position he resigned in 1800, but has ever since been a director of tbe company. Mr. Handy was also among the first to demonstrate the practicability of establishing a profitable commerce with Europe, direct from tbe lake ports. In 1858 he despatched three of a fleet of ten merchant vessels, mostly laden with lumber and staves, which left Cleveland for English ports, and since that time there has been more or less direct trade maintained between Europe and tbe ports of tbe American lakes. Mr. Handy never sought nor held positions of polit- ical prominence. Few, however, have taken so deep an interest in educational and pliilantliropic causes, or labored so earnestly for their success. He served as a member of tbe board of education with Charles Bradburn, and was one of that gentleman's ablest coadjutors in tbe arduous task of reorganizing and improving tbe school system of Cleveland. In the Sunday-schools be was for more than forty years a constant worker both as siiperinteudent and teacher, taking an active part in all measures calculated to extend their field of usefulness. For twenty-one years be was president of the Industrial Home and Children's Aid Society, of which he has ever been one of the most liberal supporters. A life-long and sincere member of the Presbyterian cluircli, be is singularly free from "isms" of any de- scription, and at all times advocated their exclusion from moral or political theories or questions. He is broad and liberal in bis views, generous and just in bis acts, universall}' esteemed and particularly beloved by children. He is one of tbe few citizens to be found in any community whose effective labors for tbe relief of the poor and helpless, and tbe rescue of tbe ignorant and vicious, justly entitle them to tbe name of philanthropists. He made three extended visits to Europe, cbicHy for the purpose of investigating the financial, religious and educational svstems of the old world, and Cleveland was equally benefited with him- self by the valuable knowledge he there gained. In March, 1833, Mr. Handy was married to Miss Harriet N. Hall of Geneva, New York, by wbom be has one daughter, who married Hon. John S. Newbei- ry, of Detroit, Michigan. BEN.JAMIN HARRINGTON. Benjamin Harrington was born in Shelburn, Ver- mont, on tbe rttb of February, 1806. His father. Captain Benjamin Hai'rington, was a native of Con- necticut, and in early life bad been a sea captain, but t left the sea and settled in Shelburn, where for a num- ber of years be was a leading merchant and jnonil- nent business man. He built a church, and built and owned a store, a hotel and six or more dwelling bouses, in tbat village. Tbe subject of this notice was tbe fifth of a family of seven children. His father died when he was (piite young, and be was thus thrown upon his own resources at an eai'ly age. When fifteen years old be went to Canada, where be remained several years, and then moved to Buffalo, New York. He returned to Canada at the expiration of two years, and tbtnce moved to Cleveland in November, 1835, one year bc- foie it was incorjiorated as a city. He first leai-td, and kept for several years, tbe old Franklin House. In 1838 be was elected alderman, and served in tbat capacity one year. In 1841 be was chosen couneil- niiin, and the following year was again elected alder- niiui and made 2)rcsident of the city council. Mr. Harrington retired from tbe city government in 1843, and did not again enter it. From tbat time until 1858 be devoted bis time and energy to tbe management of bis business, which he began to increase by purchasing land and erecting business blocks. He was appointed to several positions of public trust. Among others be was postmaster under President Buchanan from 1858 to 1860, and was made a State commissioner to close up tbe affairs of the old Commercial Bank of Lake Erie. He was one of tbe six who formed the banking firm of S. W . Crittenden & Co., which was afterwards transformid into the First National Bank. The application to be thus organized was the first on record in tbe United States, and one of tbe first acted upon. After bis retirement from active business life, !Mr. Harrington devoted bis attention to tbe supervision of his property and to works of charity. He gave libei'ally to numerous benevolent objects, but bis cbaiity was always governed by a wise discrimination. In later life he took but little interest in politics. He was a man of most generous impulses, large hearted, and universally popular among all classes of people; noted for his strict integrity and honor in all business transactions, and a self-made man in tbe highest sense. In every position of trust which be held he enjoyed the complete confidence of those whom be BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 357 represented, and dis])layed upon all occasions bis abil- ity to perform tlie duties devolving upon bini. He was a sagacious business man, a kind employer and in every respect a good citizen. Allliougb not a member of any cbnrcli oi-ganizatioii, be was a lil)erai contributor to tbe cau.se of Cbrislian- ity and a constant attendant upon divine service. For many years be was a vestryman of Trinity (Episco]ial) cburcb. He died on tbe 30tb of January, 1878, be- ing just five days less tlian seventy-two years of age. .Mr. Harrington was married on the 17t]i day of January, 1832, to Cbloe W. Prentiss, daughter of Samuel Prentiss of Rutland, Vermont. Mrs. Har- rington died several years before her busband. They left no family, but are mourned by tbe many friends to wboin tbey were endeared by tbeir noble qualities uf niiud and iieai't. iiEXiJY .1. iiEinuciv. y^ Dr. Henry J. Herrick, one of Oliio's luitive sons, wbo lias forscveral years occuj)ied a consj)icuous place among tbe physicians and surgeons of Cleveland, was born at Aurora, Portage county, on tJic 2t)tb day of January, 1833. His parents came of New England stock, his father being a native of Massachusetts, and his mother of Connecticut. Early in life tbey set their faces toward the west, and located in Ohio, where, with the energy and faith iieces.sary on the part of all good pioneers, tbey bravely began tbe battle for existence. Beneath the watchful care of tiie father, the sons and daugbtei's were taught valu- al)le lessons in the lore which leads to success; while within the sacred domain of a (Jliristian motbei-'s in- tluenee tbey drank tbe inspiration of her pious teach- ings, and ever sought to hoiu^r her preee[)ts by lifting tbeir lives to tbe elevated moral standard which she bad set up before tbcui. When Henry wasbuta lad, bis father removed with bis family to Twinsburg in Summit county, where the youth divided his time iielween occasional attend- ance at a public school and bard lahor upon liis father's farm and in his saw-mill. Thus jjassed bis years u[)on the "even tenor of tbeir way "' until be reached tbe age of eighteen, when an ofl'er made by bis father aroused bis latent ambition, and gave shajJC to his whole future career. Of all tbe seven sons of his father, he alone accepted the offer made by tbe latter; which was that be would aid in providing a liberal education for that son wbo would agree to forego all claim to receive an "outfit" at liis majority. Henry joyfully embraced tbe opportunity, and without delay began preparing for college at tbe Twinsburg academy, under the capable instruction of Itev. Samuel Bissell^still working on the farm dur- ing his vacation. Being duly prepared at tbe age of twenty-one, he entered Wdliams College, at Williams- town, Massachusetts, where he sjjcnt four years in arduous study — during which he passed his vacations profitably in barrel-making, lumbering, and school teaching — the latter occupation also requiring bis at- tention during two winters. He was then graduated with high honors, linding himself endowed with not only tiie learning of the schools, but with a good deal of practical experience and no little mechanical skill. One of his comrades at Williams was James A. Gar- field, since so celebrated as a soldier and statesman, and these two, from tbeir large, powerful forms, were known as the "Ohio Giants." (!re;itly to the disap|)oinlment of bis father, who hoped to see him emlirace the ministi-y, young Hei-- rick decided to enter tbe medical i)rofesson, and, dur- ing one of his vacations, he attended a partial course of lectures at tbe Berkshire Medical College, Pitts- field, Massachusetts. Keturning to Ohio in 1858, he at once went to work for his uncle, wiio was a farmer. In the fall of that year, having saved tweuty-nine dollars, be set out, with his father's consent, for Cleveland, where he hoped liy some means to make his way through a course at the medical college. Means he had none, save bis twenty-nine dollars, and ho was, moreover, "a stranger in a strange laud," but he had a stout heart, and he never doubted that he would accomplish his desire. He sought employ- ment as a teacher, that be might earn money to pay for his tuition, Imt in vain. By a lucky chance he was directed to Dr. .M. L. Brooks, in whose office he became a student, and wi.om be comj)ensaied partly with office labor, and partly with the gains derived from teaching in one of the city evening schools. By the aid of the means thus acquired he also managed to attend lectures at the Cleveland Medical College. After teaching school subseijuently (in 1850 and 18(iO) at Geauga Seminary, in (Jeauga county, and still later in Solon, Cuyaiioga county, be went to (Uiicago in the summer of 180U. where he resumed his medical studies with Dr. Daniel Brainard, and tiirough the influence (if that eminent surgeon he was appointed house i)bysician at the United States marine hospital in Chicago. Entering Eush Medical College also, he graduated from tiiat institution in the spring of IStil with thedegree of M.l)., and about that time received likewise from Williams (Jollegethe degree of A. M. Returning slujrtly afterwards to Cleveland, be was employed as one of Dr. Hrooks' assistants at the United States marine hosi>ita], and in February, 18(12, entered tlie army as assistant surgeon of the Seven- teenth Ohio Infantry. During a portion of liis ser- vice be was in charge of General Hospital, No. 13, at Nashville, Tennessee. He received a commission as surgeon in December, 18fi2, and at the battle of Chickamauga, where he was in charge of the hospitals of his division, he was captured by the enemy; being conveyed thence to Libby prison, at Riclimond. At tbe expiration of two months he was exchanged, when he returned to Cleveland on a twenty davs' furlough, and was there married (December 8, 18C3,) to Miss ilary, daughter of Dr. M. L. Brooks, his old patron and friend. 358 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Rejoining his regiment iit Chattanooga, he accom- panied Sherman's army in the celebrated '•nnircli to tlie sea," and at Savannah resigned his commission one month previous to the expiration of his term of service. Althougli greatly benefited by his extended exj)eri- euce in the army, he sought to still furt'.ier increase his jjrofessional knowledge in a brief season within the lecture room of a medical college in New York city, and, being there fitted to encounter with skill the dif- ficulties of surgical science, he returned to Cleveland, where, in 18G5, he became associated asajiartner with his father-in-law. Dr. Brooks, with whom he continued to practice until 1871. Since that time Dr. Derrick has pursued alone the profession of physician and surgeon, mounting steadily in skill and fame until he is to-day a widely successful practitioner, and is con- fessedly a leading rej)resentative in the "old school." From 1805 to 18G8 he filled the chair of professor of "obstetrics and diseases of women and children" in the Charity Hospital Medical College, and upon the reorganization of that college as the Medical Depart- ment of Wooster University he was chosen to be pro- fessor of the principles of surgery, which chair lie still occuj)ies. In 1803 he was elected jn-esident of the Ohio State Medical Society, of which he is still an active member. He is also a prominent member of the American Medical Association and the Northcast- e)'n and Cuyahoga County Medical Societies. He is a freipient contributor to the valuable medical litera- ture of the State; his papers on "tubercles" and "the Cliaritable Institutions of the State," road before the State Medical Society the present year (1879 i being received witii marked approval. A Presbyterian in religious faith, Dr. Herrick is an earnest Christian worker, and devotes much of his time, his energies and his means to labors of be- nevolence; his heart, as well as his professional instincts responding gladly to tlie calls of suffering humanity, while his outstretciied hand is an e;iger servitor in a noble work. Dr. Herrick's family consists of liis estimable wife, one daughter and three sons, all of whom reside with their ])arents. Having risen unaided, save by his own earnest and unflagging efforts, from one of the lower rounds of life's ladder to social and professional em- inence, Dr. Herrick has made a record which the youth of the present time m;iy well look u]ion with respect and emulation. RENSSELAER H. HERRICK. Hon. Rensselaer R. Herrick, who occupies to-day the chief magistracy of the city of Cleveland, first set foot within that city forty-tiirec years ago, at the youthful age of ten, and there he has spent the sub- Be(|uent years of what has i>roven a busy and useful existence. Mr. Herrick comes of good old I'urilan stock, and in this country traces his ancestry back to 1029, when his great-grandfather's great-grandfather, Ephraim Herrick, came over from Leicester, England, to mend his fortunes in the western world. Eiihraim Herrick settled in Connecticut upon reaching the shores of America, and there his descendants con- tinued to live and multiply until within less than a century, when they began to migrate from classic New England to newer and more inviting fields. To connect the past with the present, it may be noted that Rensselaer R. Herrick's father, Sylvester P., was born in Clinton, New York, in 1793; his grandfather, Andi-ew, in Connecticut, April 7, 1753; his great- grandfather, Andrew, in Preston, Connecticut, Feb- ruary 10, 1737; his great-grandfather's father, Eph- raim, in Connecticut in 1093; and his great-grand- father's grandfather in Connecticut in 1038. Andrew Herrick, grandfatiier of Cleveland's pres- ent mayor, removed about 1790 with his family to Clinton, New York, in company with a band of Con- necticut colonists, and became, later on, a prominent citizen of that place, closely identified with the suc- cess of Hamilton College, of Clinton, a widely known and popular institution of learning. Sylvester P., the son of Andrew, entered in early manhood upon active business pursuits and was suc- cessively a prominent merchant in Clinton, Vernon and Utica; in which latter place he resided at the time of iiis death. In Utica, on the 39t]i day of January, 1830, Rens- selaer R. Herrick first saw the light, and in 1838 his father died. His childhood days moved uneventfully along until he reached the age of ten, when the sturdy and resolute lad set out for the West, to seek his for- tune and to do his little share toward the support of his widowed mother's family. Reaching Cleveland, he obtained employment in the printing office of the Ohio City Anjus, located on the west side of the Cuyahoga. Tiiere he remained, learning the printer's art, until 1839. He then en- gaged in such occupations as he could find, aud until 18-13 he divided his time between attending school and earning a livelihood. Being then seventeen years old, he decided to be- come a carpenter. Taking service with a prominent builder, he so improved his time and opportunities that at the expiration of three years, when he had reached the age of twenty, he began business on his own account as a builder and contractor. Tiiis occu- pation he steadily pursued xintil 1870, when he was able to retire from active business and to enjoy the ease which had been won by a quarter of a century of unlhigging industry. Mr. Herrick's first appearance in public life was made in 1855, when he w'as chosen a member of the Cleveland city council, and this mark of j)ublic con- fidence was successively rcjieated in 1850, 1857 and 1858. After that, for the space of ten years, the pressing cares of business compelled him to decline all public honors; but in 1809, yielding to the pressure of the pojiular demand, he was again elected a mem- BIO(i RAPI1K!AL SKETCHES. 3r)0 bcr of the council. In 1873, 1874, 1876 and 1877 lie was a "citizen's member " of the board of inijirove- iiients, and in 1879 he was elected niayoi- df tlu! city tor the term of two years. Mr. llerrick joins with his pnhlic duties the presi- dency of the Dover 15ay Grape and Wine Company, of which lie was one of the organizers, and serves also as a member of the bo;ird of trustees of the Society for Savings, with which institution he has for many years i)een prominently identified. A Wliig in the early days of his career, Mr. Herrick hocame a Ivepnidican upon the organization of that ])arty, of which he has since continued to be a staunch member. The characteristics of activity, industry and good judgment stand out clear and bold in this brief sketch of the successful career of Mayor Herrick, and tiie valuable lessons taught liy the unswerving steadi- ness of purpose which marked his progress through life may well belaid to heart by the rising generation of the present time. In every sense the author of his own fortunes, Mr. Herrick has fully earned the right to rest in mature life, and to the consciousness of having " made himself,'' adds that of knowing that his course of life has received the approbation of his fellow citi- zens, as manifested by the numerous public trusts conferred upon him. He has been, for the space of forty-three years, closely connected with the rise, pro- gress and jjrospcrity of Cleveland, and in the mellow years of life's autumn enjoys the distinction of being one of its most honored citizens. OUr.ANDO .1. IIODGE. The subject of this sketch was born November 25, 1828, in Hamburg, Erie county. New York. He is the son of Alfred Hodge, an early settler of Buffalo, and a descendant of John Plodge of Windsor, Con- necticut, who, on the 12th of August, ICCG, married Susanna Denslow, daugliler of Henry Uenslow, the first settler of Wimlsor Locks, Connecticut. The family is possessed of a complete genealogy, running from 1046 to date. Alfred Hodge, the father of the subject of this sketch, died of cholera at Hutfalo. •Inly 11, 1832. In June, 1842, .Mr. llodgc left liulTalo; ]:indiiig ill Cleveland on Sunday, the 12Ui day of thai montii. Here he first commenced work in a iirinting ofHce, continuing in that occupation for a number of years. In .\pril, 1S47, then in his nineteenth year, he en- listed for the Mexican war, embarking at New York tiic following month. He was destined to pass through many hardships and perils before he reached the scat of war. On the first evening out, before the transport liail got fairly to sea, she collided with a Spanish man-of-war and had to juit back to New ^'ork in a badly damaged condition. On the l.itli of the same month he sailed again for Mexicr). All went well until the morning of the 2.'5rd, when the vessel was wrecked sixty miles from the island of Abaco, the nearest point to land. Fortunately the volunteers and crew, of which there were about one liunilred and twenty, were saved by the bark " Ala- l)ama,'" liouiid to Havana, and safely landed at that l>ort on the 1st day of June. After spending a few days in Havana, the troops crossed the gulf and en- tered Mexico. Mr. Hodge remained in the enemy's country until the close of the war, doing service under Generals Zachary Taylor and John E. Wool. Hostilities having ceased, he returned to New York, and, on the 16th of August, 1849, was lionorably dis- charged. Siiortly after, he entered Geauga Seminary, in Geauga county, Ohio. Leaving school in IS.jl, he taught for some time, and then again took up his residence in Cleveland. In the spring of 1853 Mr. Hodge was elected clerk of the police court by a lar<'e majority, receiving more votes than were cast for any other candidate for any office. At the expiration of a three-years term he declined a renomination. In 1857 Mr. Hodge removed to Chicago, where he opened a printing ofBce on his own account. He re- mained in that city until April, 1800, wlien, having disposed of his printing establishment, he went to Connecticut and there engaged in mercantile busi- ness. A short time after his arrival he was made postmaster of the village in which he resided (Rob- erfsville), filling the office for six years. He took an active interest in public affairs, and by his intelli- gence and upright conduct won the confidence of all who knew him. In 1863 Mr. Ilodge was elected to the house of representatives of Connecticut, and in 1804 was chosen a member of the State Senate. He served his constituents so satisfactorily that he was returned to the Senate for a second term by an in- creased majority, though the district hud not for thirty-five years previous elected a man two suc- cessive terms. He was made presiding oflficer of the Senate by the unanimous vote of his colleagues, and discharged the duties of the position in a manner which was liigiily commended. By this time he Iiad become prominent in State politics, and was generally rcsiiected and trusted. During the war Governor Buckingham ajipointed him on a commission to visit the front in the interest of Connecticut's sick and wounded soldiers. Mr. Hodge was also personally authorized by the governor to receive the vote of the Connecticut soldiers in the field cast for President in 1864. He discharged the duties of both these posi- tions with intelligence and fidelity. In 1867 Mr. Hodge disi)osed of his interests in Con- necticut and returned to Cleveland, where he engaged in real estate ojierations. In 1871 he was elected to the city council, being successively reelected in 1813 and 1875. In 1870 he w;is elected juesident of the council, and at the end of his term he refused to be again a candidate for that body. In 1873 .Mr. Hodge was elected to the Ohio house of reju'csentati ves, and in ]8^"> was re-nominated by acclamation and elected by one of the largest majorities ever given in the county. 3G0 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. lie failed by only a few votes of being elected speaker, and was unanimously chosen as speaker pro tern. In 1874 he was admitted to the bar. In 1878 Mr. Hodge purchased the Cleveland Post, and a few weeks later a one-half interest in tlie Cleve- land Voice. The two papers were consolidated, and he now has editorial manugonient of the coniljined journal, the Voire. Mr. Hodge has borne an active part in the sup- port of every public enterprise which promised to promote the growth and prosperity of Cleveland. He was one of the earliest advocates of the viaduct pro- ject, and to him is given the credit of being the chief mover in getting the land along the lake for park pur- poses. He is a skillful debater, a forcible speaker, and one of the best parliamentarians in Ohio. Throughout his private and public life he has main- tained a character for strict integrity. He has been successful in business as a result of hard work and natural fitness for the conduct of affairs. He was a Democrat until the outl)reak of the rebellion, but ever since has been a thorough-going Republican. Mr. Hodge was married on the 1.5th of October, 1855, to Lydia R. Doane, of Cleveland, by whom he has one son, Clark R. Hodge. GEORGE WILLIAM HOWE. The Howe family is an old one in England, and dates its origin in this country from John Howe, born in England in 1G12, who was a resident of Sud- bury, Massachusetts, in 1637, and died in Marlboro in 1639. Samuel, his son, married Martha Bent, by whom he had thirteen children. He died at Sud- bury, April 13, 1703. Moses, son of Samuel, was born August 27, 1695. He had ten children, of whom Samuel was the first male cliild, born in Rut- land, Massachusetts. Another son, Elijah, was born in Rutland April 10, 1743; married Deborah Smith, of Leicester, and reniov-ed to Spencer in June, 1759. They had nine children, among whom was Elijah, born in Leicester, wlio died in 1816. He married Fanny Bemis, by whom he had nine children. Wil- liam, son of Elijah, and father of the suljject of this sketch, was born in Spencer May 12, 1803, In 1828 he married Miss A. T, Stone of Charlton, Massachu- setts. They had eight children. Different members of this family have been noted for inventive genius, among whom the most prominent, perhaps, is Elias Howe, inventor of the sewing machine, who was a nejihew of William Howe. The latter himself pos- sessed superior inventive powers. At an early age he learned the trade of a carpenter and builder. After finishing his apprenticeship he entered the academy at Leicester, where he obtained a good education. He then commenced erecting buildings by contract, churches being a specialty. In 1844 he took out his first patent for what has since become widely known as the Howe truss-bridge. Two years later, having made great improvements, a new patent was issued. He subsequently furnished the plans and specifications for the bridges on the St. Petersburg and Moscow railroad in Russia. He died in 1852 in the prime of life, from the effects of a fall from his car- nage. He was an eminently self-made man, find had the promise of a brilliant and useful future when thus cut off at a premature age, Ceorge W. Howe was born in Spencer, Worcester county, Massachusetts, on the 29tb of October, 1832. He was educated in Springfield, and in 1852 came to Cleveland, Ohio, where he effected an engagement on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad. Remaining in that position until the Lake Shore railroad was completed to Madison, Ohio, he then be- came connected with the latter. In 1859 he abandoned railroading to engage in the milling business with Messrs, Hubby, Hughes & Co., building what is known as the National mills. This venture not proving successful he, upon the organi- zation of the First Ohio Volunteer Artillery, enlist- ed iind was commissioned quartermaster, equipping eleven out of the twelve batteries that went to the front. He accompanied General Baruett and his staff up the Cumberland river to Nashville, reaching that place two or three days after its evacuation by the Confederate army. They were then attached to General Thomas' division and ordered to Pittsburg Landing. Mr. Howe meeting with an accident by being thrown from his horse, was ordered by General Thomas to go ahead as speedily as possible to Savan- nah, get comfortable (quarters and remain until recov- ered. He arrived at Savannah the second day of the battle of Pittsburg Landing; the town being crowded with the wounded brought from the field of battle. He at length succeeded in procuring accommodations on one of the steamers plying between Savannah and Pittsburg Landing, and remained on board a week. He then rejoined his regiment, with whicii he re- mained until after the evacuation of Corinth. Returning to Cleveland, he engaged in mercantile pursuits until, his health becoming impaired, he went to Europe, where he spent six months in travel and recreation. In 1867 Elias Howe wished to ex- tend his business in Europe; G. W. Howe went to London and established headquarters for the Howe machine in that city and also in Paris — organizing branches in all the principal cities of Europe, besides looking after the exhibits of the Howe company at the Paris Exhibition. In 1870 he returned to tiie States and established the business in Ohio. In March, 1873, he was sent by the company as its representative at the Vienna Exhibition. Owing to trouble with some of the American commissioners. Minister Jay appointed three citizens of the United States to act until .Jack- son S. Schultz should arrive. The exhibitors, feeling that their interests were not being properly cared for, were permitted by Mr. Jay to select four of their num- ber to act with those whom he had named. Mr. Geo. W. Howe was cho.sen as one of their number. He was ^^c^-J^. -T^t BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 361 also made a chevalier, receiving from the emperor the order of Francis Joseph, and became a member of the Society of Arts and Sciences for Lower Austria, receiving their diploma and silver medal. In 1874 he returned to Cleveland, and in 1876 was connected with the Ohio department at the Centen- niiil Exhibition, remaining there seven months. Soon after the inauguration of President Hayes he was appointed collector of customs at Cleveland, and is at present acting in that capacity. Mr. Howe has always been active in the support of public enter- ]insos, and of all local interests and improvements. He has been a member of the Northern Ohio Fair Association from its organization, having served three years as its secretary, and being now a member of its executive committee. From 187G to 1870 he was a member of the police board. He is a Mason of high standing; being a Knight Templar, and recorder of the Holyrood conimandery of Cleveland. It is unnecessary to add any comments u])on tlie traits of Mr. Howejs character. His record shows for itself as that of a man of enterprise, public spirit and superior ability. He was married in November, 1874, to Miss Kate Lemen, daughter of William Leuien of Cleveland. JAMES M. HOYT. This gentleman was born in Utica, New York, Jan- uary l(i, 1815. He received an excellent education, graduating from Hamilton College in that State in 1834. He immediately commenced the study of law in Utica, but in a short time removed to Cleveland, whore he continued his studies in the law office of Andrews & Foot. In 1837 the partnership of An- drews, Foot & Htjyt was formed, which continued until 1848, when Mr. Andrews was elected judge of the superior court of Clevelatul. This necessitated his withdrawal, but the firm of Foot & Iloyt contin- ued until 18.");>, when .Mr. Ilnyt. retired from the prac- tice of law. He then became extensively engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate in Cleveland and its vicinity. He operated on his own account and also in company with other capitalists, purchasing large tracts in and around the city, which were divided into lots and sold for homesteads. Nearly one thousand acres of city and suburban property were owned by him, either wholly or jointly with others, which were sub-divi- ital of the Sate. He continued, with intervals, a member of the legislature from Cuyahoga county until 1822, when he was appointed, with others. State canal com- missioner. The Ohio canal is a monument to the enterprise, energy, integrity and sagacity of Alfred Kelley. He was the leading member of tlie board of commissioners during its construction, and the onerous and I'espon- sible service was performed with such fidelity and economy that the actual cost did not exceed the edi- niate! The dimensions of the Ohio canal were the .same as those of the Erie canal. New York, but the number of locks was nearly twice as great. i\Ir. Kelley's indomitable will and iron constitution tri- umphed over all difficulties, and the Ohio canal, con- necting the Ohio river with Lake Erie, was finished in 1830. During its construction Mr. Kelley removed first to Akron and then to Columbus, where he made his home duriug the remainder of his life. After the canal was finished he resigned the position of com- missioner in order to regain his health (badly shat- tered by close application to the duties of his office), and to devote himself to his private affairs. In October, 1830, Mr. Kelley was elected to the Ohio house of representatives from Franklin county, and was re-elected to the same office in the next two legislatures. He was chairman of the Whig State Central Committee in 1840, and was one of the most active and influential managers of that campaign, in which Gen. Harrison was elected to the presidency. He was .appointed State fund commissioner in 1840. In 1 841 and '42 a formidable party arose in the legis- lature and State, which advocated the non-payment of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 365 the maturing interest on the State debt, and the repudiation of tlie debt itself. Mr. Kclley went to New York and was able to raise nearly a quarter of a ui'Uion of dollars on his own personal security, by which means the interest was paid at maturity, and t]ie State of Ohio was saved from repudiation. In 1844 yiv. Kelley was elected to the State senate from the Franklin district. It was during this term that he originated the bill to organize the State Bank of Ohio and other banking companies, which was gen- erally admitted by bankers and financiers to be the best American banking law then known. While Mr. Kelley was a member of the legislature many valu- able general laws originated with him, and most of the measures re(iuiring investigation and profound thought wei'e entrusted to his care. He was the author, in 1818, of the tirst legislative bi'l — cither in this country or in Europe — to abolish imprisonment for debt. It failed to become a law, but in a letter to a fiiend .Mr. Kelley said: "The time will come when the absurdity as well as inhumanity of adding oppres- sion to misfortune will be acknowledged." At the end of this senatorial term Mr. Kelley was elected president of the Columbus and Xenia railmatl comjiany, which enterprise he was actively engaged ujion uiitil it was finished. He also accepted the ])rcsidency of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin- nati railroad, and carried on that work with his usual ardor and ability; his labors being only surpassed by those upon the Ohio canal. With his own hands he dug the first shovelful of earth and laid the last rail. In 1850 he was chosen i)resideut of the Cleveland, I'ainesvilleand Ashtabula railroad company (afterward absorbed in the Lake Shore Company), and was soon actively engaged in the construction of the road. During this period occurred the famous riots of Erie and Harbor Creek, in opposition to the construction of the road through Pennsylvania. The success of the company in this contest was largely due to Mr. Kelley's efforts. After the completion of these roads he resigned the presidency of their respective com- panies, but continued an active director m each of them to the time of his death. .Mr. Kelley closed his public life as the member from Columbus of the State senate of 18oT. Dur- ing the last year of this service his health was declin- ing. Yet such was liis fidelity to his trust that he went daily to the senate, and he carried through the legislature several important measures for the pur- pose of ascertaining the condition of the State treas- ury, and securing the safety of the public funds. He was also, during his legislative career, vei'y active in remodeling the tax laws, so as to relieve land-owners from excessive taxation and place a i)art of the bur- den on those who had property in bonds and money. At the end of this term of the senate his health was much broken down (caused by an over-taxation of mind anil body), and he .seemed to 1)c gradually wasting away without any settled di.sease. He was only confined to hisroiun a few days before his death, which took place on the 2d day of Deceml)er, 18.")9. So gentle \wis the suuununs, when his pure spirit left its earthly tenement, that his surrounding friends were scarcely conscious of the great change. It has been said of him, tiiatfevv persons have ever lived who, merely by personal exertions, have left behind them more numerous and lasting monuments of patient and useful labor. Mr. Kelley was Uiarried on the 3.5th of August, 1817, to Miss Mary S. Wells, daughter of Jfelauc- thon Wells, Esq., by whom he had a family of eleven children, viz: Maria Jane, who became Mrs. .Judge Bates, of Columbus; Charlotte, who died at six years old; Edward, who died at the age of two years; Adelaide and Henry, who died in infancy; Helen, who became Mrs. Francis Collins, of Columbus; Frank, who died at four years old; Anna, who mar- ried Col. C. J. Freudeiiberg, U. S. A.; Alfred: and Kate, wife of Kcv. W. II. Dunning, of Cambridge. THOMAS M. KIOIJ.EY.* Thomas M. Kelley, a brother of Alfred Kelley, the subject of the jjrcceding sketch, was born at Middle- town, Connecticut, on the 17th of March, 1797. In the following year his father removed with his family to Lowville, Lewis county. New York, where the sub- ject of this memoir resided until he came to Cleveland in 1815. In that place he made liis Iiomk' continu- ously till his death on the 11th of .luiu', 1878. Al- though the facilities for education were not, as a general rule, abundant in his childhood, yet at Low- ville there was, besides the common schools, an acad- emy where the higher bi'anches were taught, and from the specimens of its gradujitcs who settled here we should infer they were taught with more than ordi- nary success. For many years Mr. Kelh^y was engaged in iiuTcau- tile pursuits, and especuilly in |)acking and shipping beef and ]>ork, pot and pearl ashes, furs and some minor articles, the products of this then new region, down lakes Erie and Ontario and the St. Lawrence river to Montreal, a distant, but, for such articles, the most accessible market. After the completion of the Erie canal, in 1825, a large part of this trade was diverted through that channel. In later years Mr. Kelley was largely concerned in real estate operations and in banking, and in 1848 was made president of the Merchants' bank. He did not, however, give his whole mind to the management of business affairs. He was a man of unquestionable integrity and unusual intelligence, and was an industrious reader, not only of current literature, but of standard works. He formed his opinions deliberately, and generally correctly, and then, like all his brothers, was i)rone to adhere to them persistently. He was a member of the legislature, and as such did •By Hon. J. W. Allen. 366 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. liis constituents and the State valuable service. Un- der the old constitution the State was divided into a dozen or more judicial circuits, in each of which was a "president judge" (a lawyer) who held courts in the various counties, and who was assisted in each county by three associates, usually among the best men but not lawyers, who could and sometimes did over- ride the president, and who in his absence could hold terms without him. In 1846 Mr. Kelley was ap- pointed one of these judges, and, in tlie absence of the president judge, charged the grand jury in a man- ner much superior to that generally exhibited in such cases. In 18-41 Daniel Webster, Secretary of State under President Harrison, offered the office of marshal of the United States for the district of Ohio, then em- bracing the whole State, to Mr. Kelluy, who agreed to accept it, but the speedy death of General Harrison and the political difficulties which arose between his successor. President Tyler, and the Whig Congress, delayed and finally defeated any action upon the proposition. This offer was the more complimentary because, owing to the then recent " Patriot War," the relations of the United States with Great Britain were in a very disturbed condition; the northern frontier swarmed Avith men eager to involve, the two countries in war, and the duties of a marshal required liini to be a man of very great courage, firmness and discretion, such as Mr. Webster knew Mr. Kelley to be. In 1833 Mr. Kelley married Miss. Lucy Latham, of. Vermont, a most estimable woman with whom lie lived liappily till her death in 1874.. The fruits of this union were four children — one .who died in early childhood; a daughter who married Col. George S. Mygatt and died not long afterwards; another davigh- ter, now the wife of Mr. Chester J. Cole; and a son, Thomas Arthur Kelley; both of the survivors now reside in Cleveland. In his domestic relations Judge Kelley was kind, liberal and affectionate, and among his associates in the outer world he was very much esteemed. In public matters he was an active partici- pant, and was a free contriiiutor in money, labor and influence to all undertakings that promised to ad- vance the common weal. CHARLES GREGORY KING. The following brief sketcli of a business life, with the portrait of its subject, will introduce to our read- ers Charles Gregory King, a pioneer lumber merchant of Cuyahoga count}'. He was born in the town of Sand Lake, Rensselaer county, New York, on the 27th of September, 1822, and is one of a family of fourteen children, all of whom lived to reach the age of manhood and womanhood. He was early initiated into the practical details oi farming, which was his father's avocation. The necessity of constant indus- try early inured the boy to habits of self-denial, but seriously interfered with intellectual culture, for which he manifested a strong desire. At the age of sixteen his father died, leaving bereaved hearts and an encumbered estate as an inheritance to his family. With the courage and determination which have characterized his whole life, Charles, together with some of his brothers, pro- vided a home for their beloved mother and their younger brothers and sisters. Seven years of his life were thus occupied; then his long fosteied desire for mental improvement would brook no further repres- sion, and he felt at liberty to devote the proceeds of the next few months' labor to defraying the expense of tuition in the Brockport Collegiate Institute, lo- cated in western Xew York. In alternate study and teaching he sjient the years until 1849, when he started west in search of occupa tion. After a long and tiresome trip, which ex- tended into Michigan, he returned toward the East without accomplishing his object. At length, how- ever, his courage and perseverance overcame his ill- fortune, and at Erie, Pennsylvania, he was engaged as a buyer for a house which was shipping lumber to the Albany market. His latent ability as a business man soon exhibited itself, and, after various i)romo- tions, he removed to Cleveland in 1852, becoming a partner in the well-known firm of Foote & King, wliich established the lumber 3-ards on River street. In the year 1802, owing to the failing health of Mr. Foote, the firm was dissolved, and for three jears Mr. King conducted the business alone, at the .efld'of which time Mr. D. K. Clint became a partner. ■ In .1866 a new yard was established on Scraiiton avenue, and the house of Rust, King & Co. com- imenced the manufacture and sale of lumber. In 1874, when the River street yard was given up to the city for tlie purpose of building the viaduct, new rela- tions were entered into, the firm name becoming Rust, King & Clint, which it still continues to be. Commencing with limited capital, Mr. King has carefully and thoughtfully built up an extensive busi- ness, furnishing employment to many and sharing its benefits with a liberal hand. Amid all the fluctua- tions of monetary affairs, he has never been called to suffer serious financial loss, and at the age of fifty- six years we find him with the harness on, still inir- suing the even tenor of his business life, loved and honored in his domestic relations and esteemed by all as an upright Christian citizen. Whatever of success has attended Mr. King in his calling thus far, he attributes to the blessing of God ujion the faithful use of his natural powers. ZEN AS KING. Zenas King was born in Kingston, Vermont, May 1, 1818. His father was a farmer in that State, but removed to St. Lawrence county. New York, in 1823. Zenas remained on the farm until he was twenty-one years of age, when he came to Ohio and turned his z ^^e-i it BIOGRAPHICAL SKP^TCHES. 3G1 attention to other occupations. He settled in Milan, Erie county, and began to take contracts for the tu'cction of buildinj^.s, in which business he developed lluit mechanical ingenuity which he has shown in after life. In 1848 he formed a partnership with Mr. C. II. Buck ami engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, which he followed successfully for eight years. Ilis health partially failing, Mr. King disposed of his interest and engaged as a traveling agent for an agricultural-machinery house in Cincinnati; after which he became an agent for the Mosley Bridge Company. While connected with this company he became imjjressed with the defects of wooden bridges, and he continued to study uj)on the matter until he originated the "King Iron Bridge." In 18(51 he obtained a iiatent for his invention. The next year Mr. King removed his family to Cleveland, and erected extensive and commodious works on the corner of St. Clair and Wason streets for the purpose of manufacturing his bridges, and also steam boilers. His partner, Mr. Freese, on a dissolution of the firm took the boiler department, while Mi\ King retained the bridge business. The introduction of the bridge was a great task, for it was hard to make people believe that an iron bridge could possibly be built for fifteen hundred or two thousand dollars, when the old iron ones cost six to eight times as much, and yet were so heavy that they were capable of sustaining far less weight than the light and inexi)ensive ones invented by Mr. King. Knowing the value of his invention and the correct mechanical principles involved in it, he resolutely pushed its claims until his bridges are now spanning rivers and minor streams in all parts of the country from Maine to Texas, he being the first who intro- duced the use of iron to any extent for ordinary high- way bridges. Mr. King has already built a hundred miles of liridges, and is making larger additions to the num- lier every year. In 1871 he organized the " King Bridge Manufacturing Stock Company," of which he is the president and manager. lie is also president of the St. Clair and Collamer railway company. The "King bridge" is not only a monument of the inventive genius and business ability of Zenas K'ng, but is also a great public benefit, and as such it will doubtless be recognized in tiie near future. Mr. King has long been a vestryman in St. Paul's Episcopal Church. In 1844 he was married to Miss M. C. Wlieclock, of Ogdensburg, New York; they havt' foui- children liviiiarty and the respect of all. In April, 18';.'), he was prominently mentioned as the coming Demociatic and Liberal nominee for the Presidency of the United Stales. Mr. Payne was married in iS'M'i to the oni} daughter of Nathan Perry. K.-i|., a retired mcicliant n( Cleveland. FHLnKlUCK WILLIAM PELTON. This gentleman, one of the ex-mayors of Clevchmd. is of Englisii di'scent, and was born in Clliester, Con- necticut, on the 24th day of March, 1827. His father, Russell Pelton, was born in Portland, in the same State, on the 20th of Jnly, 1803, and mar- ried Pamelia Abby, daughter of Asaph Abby. on the 2iitli of August, 1821. In 183.i lie removed witli his fanuly to Cuyahoga county, and settled in Brooklyn (now a part of Cleveland), where he still resides. He is a member of llie Methodist Episcojial church, an active and enterprising citizen, and a man of sti'rling integrity and honor. Frederick W. Pelton, the fourth of a family of six children, was but eight years of age when his father removed to Oliio. He was educated at Brooklyn academy, finishing the course at the age of sixteen, when he immediately entered upon the duties of bookkee])cr for Messrs. Wheeler, Chamberlain & Co., of Akron, Summit county, with whom he remained until he attained Jiis majority. He then returned to Cleveland with Mr. Chamljerlain, the second member of the firm, by whom he was employed in the same cai)acity until, on account of failing health, he was obliged to resign his position. Returning to Brooklyn, young Pelton engaged in farming and soon recovered his health and strength. He did not, however, re-enter the counting room, but for ten years, which he regards as among the most pleasant of his life, he remained emjiloyed in agricul- tural pursuits. Desiring a change at the expirati(jn of that jieriod, he engaged in the ship chandlery business in Cleveland, which he carried on successfully until 18G1, when he resj)onded to the call made for troops to su])i>ress the rebellion. He had served as a captain of ail independent battery for twelve years, and entered tlie First Ohio artillery as captain of Company E. The I'egimcnt to which he belonged — commaned by Gen. James Barnott — served three mouths in Western Vir- ginia and then returned to Columbus and was mus- tered out. Mr. Pelton did not re-enter the service, and, in the autumn of 1863 he went into the insurance business, as treasurer, and afterwards as secretary, of the Buck- eye Insurance company. In 18C5 he was elected to the city council from the ninth ward, and the follow- ing year was made president of that body. In 1867 he was re-elected from the same ward, and in 1870 was chief deputy treasurer under Colonel Lynch. He was elected nniyor of the city of Cleveland in August, 1871, and served two years, winning universal ap- proval by the ability with which he managed the niu- nicipid affairs. During his term he was noted for his advocacy of every measure tending to the imi)rovi- ment of the city iiiul the develoi>ment of its resources. His valedictory address was highly commended as giv- ing a particularly'clear and tangible exhibit of the local finances, and of important improvements and enterj)rises. In 1873 he was elected county treas- urer, and in 1875 was re-elected, serving in this office two terms of two years each. He is a director of tlie Cili/ens' Loan Association and has been a member of the finance committee since its organization. In politics he is a Republican, and is actively inter- I'sted ill the men and measures of that party. Mr. Pelton is an active member of the Masonic order, be- longing to West Side Lodge No. 408, F. and A. M., Thatcher Chapter No. 101, Cleveland Council No. 36, and Oriental Commandery, having held the office of Master and High Priest. He is also a mem- ber of the order of Odd Fellows, in which he takes a high rank, l)eing a mend)er of Pho'iiix Lodge, I.O. O.I'"., and North Wing Encampment. In all public affairs Jlr. Pelton has ever nninifestcd a liberal spirit, and in many ways has been instru- 372 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. ment.il in forwarding the best interests of the people of Cleveland. In the relations of social and busi- ness life lie has uniformly borne himself in sncii a manner as to win the respect and confidence of those with whom he has been associated. He was married on the ^Oth of August, 1848, to Miss Susan A. Deunison, of Brooklyn, Oliio, by whom he has h-id seven children, only three of wliom are living. JACOB PERKINS. Jacob Perkins was born in Warren, Trumbull county, Oliio, on tlie 1st of September, 1832. He was next to the youngest of the children of General Simon Perkins, one of the earliest and most promi- nent business men of northern Ohio. He developed a strong inclination for study in early years, acquiring knowledge with unusual facil- ity. After thorough preparation at the academies of Burton, Ohio, and Middletown, Connecticut, he en- tered Yale College in 18': 7. There he distiuguislied liimself by his literary and oratorical abilities, deliver- ing the philosoiihic oration at the junior exhibition, and being chosen second editor of the Vale Literanj Magazine, aposition hefilled with credit to himself and to the pride and satisfaction of his classmates. His close application to study and the additional labor of literary work were, however, too much for his strength, and before the close of his junior year he was obliged to relinquish his studies and go home, so that he did not graduate with his own class. In the succeeding year, his health having imiJi'oved, he re- turned, and graduated with the class of 1842. On leav- ing college he entered his father's otKce, in Warren, and engaged closely in its business until the death of his father, when, with his brothers, he was some time engaged in settling the large estate. After his return to Warren, he was frequently called on to address the people on jniblic occasions, and he did so with marked success. He became early inter- ested in politics, taking the anti-slavery side, which was then not in popular favor, and made many effective speeches, in support of its principles and measures. An address delivered in 1848 attracted much at- tention from the boldness and distinctness with which it asserted the right of self-ownership in every jierson without regard to color or race. The abilities he displayed, his strong convictions of right, and the fearlessness with which he manifested them, led the people of his district to chose him as one of the convention that framed the Ohio constitu- tion, which was adojjted in 1851, and remains the fundamental law of the State. His political priuci- ])les placed him with the minority in that body, but bis inlluence and joosition were equaled by few in the dominant party. This was the only political position ever held by him, except that in 1856 he was one of tlie Ohio presidential electors at large, on the Fremont ticket. As might be expected from his early devotion to study, he was in later life an earnest friend of educa- tional enterprises. It was owing to his suggestion and persistence that the authorities of Western Ee- serve College were induced to adopt the conditious of a permanent fund, rather than to solicit unconditional contributions, and, in connection with his brothers, he made the first contribution to that fund. The wisdom of the course adopted was shown in after years, when dissensions and embarrassment crippled the institution, and would have destroyed it but for the permanent fund which enabled it to weather the storm, and which became the nucleus of its jierma- nent endowment. He gave another proof of hisjiub- lic spirit and generosity by uniting with two others of like disj)osition in purchasing the grounds for Wood- land cemetery, at Warren, beautifying them, and then transferring the property to the corporation. The most important enterprise of his life, and one which has conferred vast benefits on the public, was the building and management of the Cleveland and Mahoning railroad. Soon after returning from the constitutional convention he became interested in the scheme for a railroad between Cleveland and Pitts- burg, by way of the Mahoning valley, and was very influential in procuring the charter and organizing the company, of which he was made j)resident. It was very difficult to procure subscriptions to the stock, most of the capitalists of Cleveland and Pitts- burg being interested in other and partly conflicting lines. In IS.'iS the work was commenced with a small stock subscription, and the gradual tightening of the money market operated to prevent much increase. The bonds were disposed of with great difficulty, and when the financial crisis of 1857 occurred, with the road still unfinished, the bonds were unsaleable. IJail- roads which were to have connected with the Mahoning, and to have prolonged the line to the seaboard, were abandoned, and the prospects of that road were thus rendered still more gloomy. In this emergency but one of two courses remained open to the management; to abandon the enterjirise and lose the whole invest- ment, or to ]iush it to completion from Cleveland to the coal fields by the pledge and at the risk of the private . fortunes of the managers. The latter course was cho- sen, ixt the earnest entreaty of Mr. Perkins; he agreeing, in case of disaster, to pay the first 8100,000 of loss, and to share equally with tho others in any other sac riflce. In 1854 he went to England, with tlie hope of raising money, but returned unsuccessful. In 1856 the road was completed to Youngstown and the development of the coal and iron business corn- menced. In the month of June, 1857, his wife, to whom he was devotedly attached, died of consumption. His close attention at her sick bed broke down his constitu- tion. Tiie latter part of the winter of 1857-8 was spent in the Southern States, as was also the following sum- mer. But the disease was beyond cure, and on the 12tli BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 373 of January, 1859, he died at Havana, Cuba. His re- mains were embalmed and brought to Warren, where tiioy were interred in Woodhind cemetery. His char- acter is clearly showu in the acts of his life. Richly ciiilowed with natural gifts, he used those gifts in the interest of humanity and freedom, though thus sacri- licing all hope of a political career he was so well fitted to adorn. Fond of study, and with wealth to indulge his tastes, he sacrificed ease, wealth and health for the public benefit. One of his last remarks was that on his tombstone might be engraved, "died of the iMaiioning railroad." He was married October 24, 18.50, to Miss Elizabeth O. Tod, daughter of Dr. J. I. Tod, of Metson, Trumbull county, Ohio. His wife and two of his throe children died before him. His son, Jacob B. I'erkius, alone survived him. NATHAN I'KHUY* Nat ban Perry, one of Cleveland's pioneer merchants anil millionaires, was born in Connecticut in 178G. and (lied in Cleveland June 34, 1805. His father. Judge Mathan Perry, first came from Connecticut to Ohio in 170G, and continued during that season with the siirveyoi's who were running township lines of that jiortion of the Western Reserve east of the Cuyahoga river. The judge removed with his family to Cleve- land in 180G or 1807, and on the orgnnization of Cuy- ahoga county in 1800 he was aj)pointed one of its judges. He died in 1813, leaving four ciiildi'en, viz, a daughter who liceame the wife of Peter M. Weddell; and three sons — Horatio, who settled in Lorain county; Horace, wdio was formany years clei-k and recorder of Cuyahoga county, and who died in 1835, highly re- spected by the community; and Nathan, the subject of this sketch. The last named sellU^d at Black Kiver, now in Lo- rain county, in 18(i4, and engaged in trade. By gnat efforts he mastered several Indian dialects, and thus built up an extensive trade with the tribes which tiien occujiied all the territory west of the Cuyahoga river. Tiie incident related on page fifty-five of the geiu'ral history of the county, when he and Quintus F. Afkins rescued a Mr. Plumb from the fate which had slain his comjianions, shows some of the hardships of that jieriod. In 1808 the subject of this memoir removed fnun lihick River to Clevehnid and began trading at that l)lace, where for more than twenty years he was a lead- ing merchant. His store and dwelling, both under one roof, were located at the corner of Superior and Water streets, on the luesenl site of the Second Na- tional Bank building. After a few years a brick store and dwelling were erected in the same place; it being the third brick building in Cleveland. It is related of Mr. Perry that at one time he took twelve thousand dollars worth of furs to New York. "From Cleavc's Biographical t'yt'opedia of Ohio. following the Wiigoii containing thi'iii from Huffalo to the former city. On arriving there he encountered John Jacob Astor, who endeavored to get from him the "asking price" of his furs, which he declined to give. Mr. Astor becoming imjiortunate, lie was told that lie could not have the furs at any ])ricc. Mr. Perry had made up his mind that he could do better with any one else than he could with Astor, (who was not only the great fur merchant of those days but was also one of the closest men in New York), and therefore he would not even show his furs. Mr. Perry was really the pioneer merchant of this part of Ohio; tliat is, he was the first who carried on the mercantile business on a large scale — his jirede- cessors having merely supplied a few local wants. Endowed with a vigorous constitution, exhaustless energy and restless enterprise, he was well (|ualified to encounter and subdue the hardships, cxjiosnres, and perils incident to frontier life. The men of to-day can hardly realize the fatigue, self-denial and anxie- ties of the merchant of sixty years ago, when goods had to be transported from Philadelphia to Pittsburg on "Pennsylvania wagons" and thence by pack-horse or ox-team to Cleveland, and bartered to Indians and rugged settlers in exchange for all sorts of commodi- ties, under the constant personal care and insj)ection of the trader. A distinguishing trait in Mr. Perrv's character, de- veloped in his youtii and prediiininating through his life, was the celerity with which he forfncd ah opinion, and the extraordinary tenacity with which he adhered to it when formed. He was never known to relent, or change his decision. l?ut he was a man of warm affections, generous and steadfast in his frieiidshijis, of the strictest integrity and honor, and ever active :ind influential as a citizen. \\ hen the village of Cleveland was organized, he was one of the first trus- tees, but he had no predilection for public life. He invested largely in real estate which increased enor- mously in value, and made him. at his death, very wealthy. Mr. Perry's last illness was of atioiit live weeks du- ration. Paralysis set in, first attacking the lower extremities and gradually working iqi until it reached the heart. He was married in ISIG to a dangliter of ('ai)tain Abrani Skinner, of Paiiiesville. His son, Oliver Hazard Perry, named after Commodore Perry, a dis- tant relative of the family, met with an accidental death upon a railway in December, 1804. His oiilv daughter was married to Hon. H. H. I'ayne, of Cleve- land and still survives. His eldest grandson, Hon. Nathan P. Payne, was elected mayor of Cleveland in April, is;.-.. HOUSTON II I'ol'i'I.KlON. Houston H. Popiiletou was born near Bellville, liichland county, Ohio, March I'.l, 1830, and is the youngest son of ]{ev. Samuel and Julia A. Popplcton. 374 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Rev. Samuel Poppletou was born ia the State of Vermont, July 2, 1793, but while quite young moved with his father to Genesee county, New York, where he lived until 1820, when he moved to Ohio. He lived in Richland county, Ohio, from 1822 until March, 1853, when he moved to Delaware, Ohio, where he continued to reside most of the time until bis death, which occurred at Delaware, September 14, 1804. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and served with honor and distinction. Shortly after its close he entered the ministry of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and continued to preach, as his health would permit, for nearly fifty years. He was twice married. His first wife was Miss Parthenia Stein- back, of Genesee county. New York, and his second. Miss Julia A. Smith, of Richland county, Oiiio. By the first marriage, four children were born, to wit: Rowena L. , intermarried with P. W. Strong, of Mans- field, Ohio; Samuel D., killed in 1864, at the battle of Atlanta, Georgia; ilary Ellen, intermarried with Daniel Fisher, of liellvillc, and Andrew J., who died at West Unity, Ohio, September 25, 1850. By the second marriage, six children were born, to wit: Emory E., Parthenia P., Damaris A., Early F., Houston XL, and Zada C. Emory E. has been engaged in Inisiiiess in Detroit and Chicago, and is now the secretary of the Cleve- land and Mahoning Valley- railroad, residing at Cleveland. Parthenia P. married Hon. Stevenson Burke, long prominently identified with the Lorain county bar, and after residing in Elyria for over twenty-two years, moved to Cleveland. She died at Salt Lake. City, Utah, January 7, 1878, and is buried in Lake View cemetery, near Cleveland. Damaris A. was married to Hon. Geoige B. Lake, formerly a member of the Lorain county bar, and now eliief justice of the State of Nebraska. She died in April, 1854, and is Iniried in the cemetery at Elyria. Early F. read law, and was admitted to the bar at Elyria, and, after practicing there several years, moved to Delaware, Ohio, where he has ever since been an active and successful lawyer and politician. He was elected State senator from the counties of Licking and Delaware, and after serving one term was elected on the Democratic ticket to the forty-^fourth Congress, from the ninth Ohio Congressional district. Although one of the youngest members of that body, he was ac- tive and industrious; serving with marked ability, and with credit to himself and to his party. Zada C. was married to Thomas II. Linnell, of Elyria, and resided there during the whole of her married life. She died March 29, 1875, and is buried in the cemetery at Elyria. Houston H. Pojjpleton received his early education in the common schools at Bellville, but entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, in the spring of 1853, and, although his attendance was not continuous, he graduated from that institution in June, 1858. He taught school several winters in the counties of Delaware and Richland, while pursuing his studies at the university, and also had general charge of his father's mercantile house at Richwood, from April, 1855, to February, 1857. In September, 1858, he entered the law office of Stevenson Burke, at Elyria, and prosecuted his studies there until October, 1859, when he entered the Cincinnati Law College. Completing the prescribed course there, he graduated from it on the 16tli of April, 18G0, and was admitted to the bar at Cincinnati the same day. Returning to Elyria, he formed a law jiartnership with his brother- in-law, Mr. Burhe, and commenced practice May 2, 1860, After Mr. Burke's election to the bench, Mr. Poppleton formed a law partnership with Hon. H. D. Clark, which continued about two years. On the 10th of February, 1804, he was married, at Cincinnati, to Miss Lucinda H. Cross, of that city. He resided in Elyria until September 24, 1875, when lie moved with his family to Cleveland. From the latter jiart of 1864 he continued in active general practice at Elyria, without a partner, until November, 1873, when he was appointed general attorney of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railway company, with headquarters at Cleveland, which jiosition he still holds. He was prominent, active and successful in his practice, as the records of the courts of Lorain and adjoining counties abundantly show, and in his removal the bar of Lorain county sustained a serious loss. By accept- ing tlie position of general attorney of the company mentioned he became the head of the legal depart- ment of that corporation, and has had entire charge of its legal business along its whole line, as well as elsewhere. Giving his personal attention to the de- tails of all the litigation of the company — trying only those causes that should be tried, and settling those that should be settled — he has, by his fair, honorable and judicious course, made many friends for himself, and secured for his company a reputation and good will that any railroad company in the country might well envy. CHAPTER LXVIII. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES-CONTINUED. Thomas Quayle— D. P. Rhodes— Ansel Roberts— J. P. Robison— W. U. Rose— J. H. Salisbury— J. t'. Sanders— W. J. Scott— Eliaa Sims— A. D. Slaght— Amasa Stone— A. B. Stone— W. S. Streator— Peter Thatcher- Amos Townsend— Oscar Townsend— J. H. Wade — Samuel Williamson — H. V. Willson— R. K. Winslow— Reuben Wood-T. D. Crocker. THOMAS QUAYLE. Thomas Quayle has been, for more than thirty years, closely and prominently identified with the ship-building interests of Cleveland, and has been largely accessary to its growth and development. He ivas born on the Isle of Man on the 9th day of May, 1811. His parents, who were both natives of that island, emigrated to America in 1827, coming directly Jnc-77? a^ -^ ^'iCt j Uy BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 375 to Cleveland. Ili.s father soon afterward purchased a farm in Newbiirg, where he resided until his deatli. Until twenty-five years of age Mr. Qnayle worked MS a journeyman at his trade of ship-carpenter, to which lie had hcen apprenticed before leaving the Isle of Man. In 1847 he formed a co-partnership with John Codey, and at once started in the ship- building business. This firm lasted throe years, dur- ing which time it built the brigs "Caroline" and •' Siiakcspoarc " for Charles Richmond, of Chicago. In 1849 Mr. Codey witJidrew fnim tlic liusiness and wont to California. Soon afterward Mr. t^uayle went into comiiaiiy wiMi liUther Moses, and for two years the firm carried on an extensive business, liaving from six to seven vessels on the stocks at once, and turning out two sets a year. The year after Mr. Moses left the firm, a partnership was formed with John Martin, and tJie business was enlarged and extended. In one year litis firm built thirteen vessels, among others, the bar- c|ue " W. T. Craves," tfliich carried the largest cargo of any fresh-water vessel afioat. The propeller " Dean Kiciimond" is another imi)ortant i)roduction of Quayle 1.S:, Martin's yard. Besides these, four first-class ves- sels, built for Mr. Frank I'erew, deserve mention as giving character to Cleveland ship-building. They were named the " Mury E. Perew," " D. P. Dobbin," " Cliandler J. Wells" and "J. G. Masten." Messrs. Quayle & Martin also built the tug "J. H. Martin," intended for their use in the port of Erie. In 1874 the partnership with Mr. Martin was dis- solved and a new one was formed with (Jeorge L. and Thomas E. (Quayle, under the name of Thomas Quayle iv Sons, which is still in existence. The first vessels l)uiU by this firm were the " E. B. Hale" and the "Sparta." Tiie following yearit built the " Commo- dore," the largest vessel on the lakes. During the summer of 1878, (Juayle & Sons built two ])ropellers for the Anchor Line, and one for the Western 'i'rans- portation (j'ompany, of Buffalo; the latter being called the "Buffalo." They have just launched (August, 1S70,) the "Chicago," a magnificent boat of one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five tons bur- den, which they have built for the latter named com- jiany. The vessels built by the firms of which Mr. Quayle has been the head arc known all over the great lakes, and far exceed in number those of any other firm in the West. Mr. Quayle stands high among the citizens of Cleveland for integrity of character, and as a man who always fulfills his obligations to cmjiloyer and em- ployed. He is a member of the Secoiul Presbyterian church and active in all the duties jtertaining to that relation. For a number of years he ha.s been associ- ated with the Masonic order, being a member of Big- elow lodge, on the West Side, and of Webb chapter, on the East Side. lie is also a member of the Monas llelief Society, composed of people from the Isle of Man. Mr. (Quayle was married in 183.5 to Eleanor Can- non, of the Isle of Man, by whom he had eleven chil- dren, of whom six are living. She died in Septem- ber, 18(10. In February, 18G7, he was married to Mary Proudfoot, daughter of John Proudfoot, Es(i., of Cleveland. Ilis childi-en have been Thomas E., born July 20, 183(i; William II., born April 37, 18.38; John James, born October 17, 1831), who died Feb- ruary 13, 1843; Eleanor M., born March 7, 1841, who died February 16, 1843; (ieorge L., born June 1.5, 1842; Charles E., born January 23, 184.5, who died Septeniber Ki, 1S71; Matilda, born July \>.0, 184fi; Caroline .1., born March 31, 1848; John F., born Au- gust 31, 18.50, who died February 4, 1853; Mary II., born November lit, 1853; and Frederick M., born May 11, 18.58, who died September 14, 1859. DANIEL P. RHODES. The subject of this memoir was born in Sudbury, Rutland county, Vermont, in the year 1814. When but five years of age he lost his father, and from that time onward was compelled to help earn his own live- lihood. Thus, almost at the threshold of life, he had to struggle with adverse cii'cumstances, and was com- pelled to overcome by his own energy the discouruge- ments and difficulties everywhere met with. When he was fifteen years of age his mother remarried, and he then found a home with his stepfather for sis years. At the age of twenty-one young Rhodes determined to leave Vermont, and make for himself a home and fortune in the distant West. His stepfather was strongly attached to him, and, being a man of means, offered him a farm if he would remain in Vermont. But the young man was firm in his determination, and declining the tempting oft'er departed for the West. On his subsequently retui-ning to the home of his youth, his stepfather offered him half of his property if he would remain and occupy it. The inducement was very strong, but the young man had made an engagement of marriage with a lady in the West, and before giving a final answer to the propo- sition, he deciiled to revisit his pioneer home and con- >Milt her to whom he had plighted his faith. He came back West by canal, and on the long, slow journey had ample time to consider the subject of his future home. The beauty and grandeur of the west- ern scenery, the freedom from all the conventionalities which prevail in more densely settled .sections, tlie stern, rugged virtues of the men whom he found in the wilderness, together with the iudeitendent career opened to him strongly inijiressed his manly, demo- cratic mind, and he resolved to cast his lot in the West. Saying nothing of the matter to his affianced, he wrote to his parents, making known his resolution to decline their kind offer, and future circumstances proved the wisdom of his decision. For thirty years Mr. Rhodes was a resident of Cleveland, and the same restless and indomitable energy wiiich prompted him to prefer the untrodden jiatlis of the wilderness to the jJeasures of an eastern 376 THE CITY OF CLEVELANB. home, accompanied liini tliiouirhout that time and impressed his name upon many of tlie most important enterprises of tlie Forest City. He was one of the pioneers in the coal trade of Cleveland, which has since grown to such magnificent proportions. His first enterprise in that line was at what are known as the old Brier Hill mines, in 1845, in com- pany with Gov. Tod and Mr. Ford. Their in-oduc- tion of coal was about fifty tons per week, and this was then deemed a large business. The diffi- culties in the way of the introduction of even this, the very best of coal, were very great. Wood was the universal fuel for domestic use. The only chance to sell coal was to the lake steamers, and even there the old prejudice against any dcjiarture from tiic beaten track had to be overcome. Mr. Rhodes, who had charge of the Cleveland end of the liusiness, was, however, well fitted to make a fight against obstacles, and by his steady perseverence he succeeded in introducing coal largely for use on the lake boats. He was an untiring worker, ever on the watch for his customers from early morn to the close of day, devoting his evenings to posting up his books and attending to his other office work. The coal business of the firm grew rapidly, and the members turned theii" attention to other sections of the State, opening mines in both Tuscarawas and Wayne coun- ties. In Tuscarawas county Mr. Rliodes, in company with Gov. Tod, began the development of the black band iron ore, the uses of which had not previously been aiipreciated, although its existence had been known. In 18.55 the firm of Tod & Rhodes was dissolved, and in 1857 Mr. Rhodes formed a copartnership with Mr. I. F. Card. They went to work with great ear- nestness developing the black band ore and other min- eral resources of Tuscarawas county. At first they mined large quantities for sale to the Massillon fur- naces, but subsecpiently they made up their minds that the proper place to smelt the ore was where it was mined, and in 1804 they purchased the old blast furnace at Canal Dover, in Tuscarawas county, where they have since carried on large maijufactures of pig metal. In 1860 Mr. Rhodes' attention was attracted to the mineral resources of Stark county, and in that year he opened the famous Willow Bank mine, which has proved to be one of the most extensive and profitable coal mines ever opened in Ohio. This was only the beginning of his enterprises in this county and valley, for he was the princijjal prompter of other efforts of a similar character. Under his auspices were opened the Rhodes, the Willow Bank number Three, the Buckeye, and the Warmington mines. He was like- wise largely interested in the Fulton Coal comi)any and the Silver C!reek Company, and a zealous pro- moter of their interests. So that from his original pioduction of fifty tons of coal weekly, he increased the amount until, at the time of his death, he had the controlling interest or was a large owner in mines which were capable of producing two thousand tons daily. His peddling steamboat busines.s, too, of 1845 -50, had increased under the direction of the firm of which he was the founder, to a trade of two hundred and fifty thousand tons of coal yearly. In 1867 the firm of Rhodes & Card was dissolved, Mr. Rhodes and Mr. Card retiring, and that of Rhodes & Co. was formed, consisting of George H. Warmington, Marcus A. Ilanna, (Mr. Rhodes' son-in-law,) and his son, Robert R. Rhodes. _ In the work of developing the gi-eat railway system of northern Ohio Mr. Rhodes had an honorable share. He took an active part in the construction of the northern division of the Cleveland and Toledo railroad, and was a member of the executive com- mitte of the comjjany. He also bore a large part in causing the construction of the Massillon and Cleve- land and the Lake Shore and Tuscrawas Valley rail- ways. Mr. Rhodes' residence was on the west side of the Cuyahoga, and he did more than any other man to build up that portion of Cleveland. One great cause of contention between the two sections arose from the persistent efforts of the people on the west side to obtain improved means of communication with the more important region east of the river. In all these contests, from the time when a float bridge was the only means of passage, to the inception and partial completion of the splendid viaduct (for he died before it was finished), Mr. Rhodes was one of tlie foremost in urging the claims of his section of the city. He, iu company with Mr. H. S. Stevens, constructed the West Side Street railroad; he was a zealous promoter of the building of the West Side Gas Works, and was the founder of the People's Sav- ings and Loan Association, of which he was the presi- dent at the time of his death. He was also one of of the builders and a large stockholder in the Rocky River railroad, which connected the West Side with the favorite resort at Rocky river. He had likewise various other interests, such as in Illinois coal land, Chicago real estate, and he was large real estate owner in his own city. In politics he was a strict constructionist Demo- crat of the Jeffersonian and Jacksonian school, but though very active iu his party he never asked nor cared for any office in its gift. He was a cousin of Stephen A. Douglas, and from the first entrance of the latter into jniblic life until his death Mr. Rhodes was his earnest and steady supporter: being a delegate to both the Ch;;rlestou and Baltimore Democratic na- tional conventions of 1860, at the latter of which Mr. Douglas was nominated for the iiresidency. Mr. Rhodes died on the 5th day of August, 1875, and we close our article with two articles published l)y leading journals soon after that event. The first says : "Among those men, whose efforts form the corner stone of Cleveland's prosperity, Mr. Rhodes was in tlie front rank; and for this reason his memorv will always be honored by our people. But other traits will make his memory jierennial. The kindness and /// / J I / /P^/^'^ 7- 4 Riofi RAPirrrAL sketches. 37 1 sympathy of liis manner endeared tlie deceased to all who came in contact witli him. This manner was for tlie poor and lowly, as well as for the wealthy and ex- <'liisive. Wealth in his hands was not alone for per- sonal gratification, but was freely drawn npon to help the needy and unfortunate." The second article reads as follows: "Mr. Rhodes liad the happy faculty of securing the genuine esteem and warm friendsliip of all witli whom he came in contact, wliatever their jxisition in life, or however widely apart his views and tlieirs might be. He was a man of the people, a practical disbeliever, in class distinctions and yet having a healthy contempt for demagogues of all descriptions. His bluff, liciii'ty manner was not assumed, but was a genuine characteristic of the man. Tlie wealth that came as the result of hard work and good business judgment made not the slightest difference in him. His was one of those sterling characters that )iros]ier- ity could not spoil. Warm-hearted, true-hearted, and thoroughly unselfish, his we 1th benefited otliers as well as himself, and the prosperity which brought ease and comfort to him was begrudged him by none." ANSEL R<1BERTS. Ansel Roberts, the eldest son of Chauncey and Lydia (Albro) Ryjierts, was born in the town of Mendon, Ontario county, New York, on the 17th of October, 1807. His fatlier was of Welsh descent, but was a native of N'ermont, having emigrated to western New York when a young man, where he engaged in farming. When about nineteen years of age he married Lydia Ali)ro, a native of Newport, Rhode Island, by whom lie had ten children. In 1818 he removed, with his iiuuily, to Ohio, traveling overland to Buffalo, and from there by boat to Ashtabula, where he first set- tled. Soon afterward he engaged in the manufacture of i)Oots, shoes and harness, employing a number of liiinds, ill wliieli business he continued until lS:l^t. when he sold oiil. The following year he removed to Lower Sandusky, and purchased an interest in the stage-line running between Sandusky and Cincinnati, of whii'h he liecamc the suiierintendcnt. lie re- mained in this employment until his death, which occurred in ]s:!8. His wife survived him several years, dviug in 1844. He was a prominent pei'son in the community where he resided; a man of great lib- erality and generous impulses, slow to anger, but im- placable when once aroused. The subject of this notice had but few educational ailvantages, his father being in moderate circum- st:inces and obliged to make his way in a new country, doling Ansel remained at home until 1820, Avhen he went to Monroe county. New York, where he re- mained until the fall of that year, lie then returned to Ohio, and found employment at first in a ware- iiou.se, and afterward as clerk in the stoi'es of H. J. Reese and William W. Reed. In the si>riiig of 1831 he left Mr. Reed's employ- ment and removed to Rochester, New York, where he engaged in the dry goods business on his own ac- count. This business he carried on for fourteen years, meeting with varying snccess. At the end of that time, the business not proving satisfactory, he disposed of it and went to New York city, where he remained one year. Subsequently he sjient some time as clerk in a large wool-dealer's establishment in Rochester. In 184G Mr. Roberts returned to Ohio, coming di- rectly to Cleveland, where he engaged in the fleece and full-wool business, which he carried on success- fully until his retirement in 18G7. During his residence in Cleveland Mr. Roberts has been prominently identified with the politics of the city and county. He is widely known as a staunch Republican, having invariably sujijiorted that party. In the spring of 18C0 he was elected a member of the board of education, and was re-elected the following year, serving as secretary of that body and as a mem- ber of the committee on buildings and supplies. In 1862 he was elected to the city council from the second ward for a term of two years, and was aji- pointed chairman of the finance committee. He was re- elected to the council in 18G4 and again in 18G0; hold- ing the same position throughout the three terms. In 1SG4 he was elected auditor of Cuyahoga county, and was re-elected to that office in ISGG, serving with his usual vigor and ability. He was assistant assessor of internal revenue in 1873 for the eighteenth district of Ohio, and was appointed collector of that district by President Johnson, which ajipointment was confirmed by the Senate in 18G7, but was declined by him. In 18G8 he was elected sanitary trustee for one year; was re-elected in 18G9 for three years, and at the end of his term was again re-elected for the same time. For seven years he occupied the position of secretary of the sanitary board. In addition to these civil ofiices Mr. Roberts has been for sevenil years a director of the Ohio National Bank, and is a trustee of the CMeveland Society for Savings and the president of the Cleveland Pa|)er Company. In his business relations, aii and lS(l.">-Ci, on Physiology, Histology and Microscopic Anatomy. From .January, 18G4, to the jiresent time he has been busily engaged in treating chronic diseases, especially those which have hitherto been considered fatal, and his success in this field is widely known. In the early part of 1878 he was chosen president of the "Institute of Micrology," a ]iositiou he continues to hold. JOHN C. SANDERS. hoclor Moses Sanders, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Milford, ilassachusetts, having been born there on the 'i7th of May, 1789. lie received a good English education and some knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages. At an early period he removed with his father's family (o Saratoga connty. New York, where he studied medi- cine, attending medical lectures in New York C!ity. He began the practice of his profession in Manchester, near Canandaigua. He soon afterward married Miss Harriet M. Thompson, of Cherry Valley, by whom he had five children — Olive, Isabella, William D., .lohn C. and Khoda, the last of whom died in infancy. Ill 1818 he removed to Peru, Huron county, Ohio, where, with the exception of three years s|)cnt mJNor- walk, he jiassed the remainder of his life. Mrs. Sanders died on the aoth of October, 1829, and he married, for his second wife, Mrs. Pearly Douglas, of Elyria, Ohio. By this, union he had one child, Elizabeth Cliapin, born April 15, 1832. Doctor Jloses Sanders was one of the pioneer physicians of Ohio, and for a period of nearly forty years devoted himself to the duties of his profession, which was reliiupiished only when illness jirevented its longer continuance. He died on the IStli of Jlay, 1856, and consei|uently lacked only nine days of being sixty-seven years of age. The following extracts are taken from an address delivered at his funeral by the Rev. A. Newton: "In looking at the traits of Dr. Sanders' mind, I regard as among the most prominent, its energy and force. He never seemed to think feebly. His mind seized every subject within its range, with a firm grasp. * * * 1''liig niental force, combined with an ardent physical temperament, imparted great energy to all his movements. He had great executive ]iower. Whatever he took hold of, he would accom- jilish in a short time. Whatever he had in hand, \w did with his might. "An open frankness was characteristic of Doctor Sanders. He carried his lu';irt in his hand. He knew no concealment. * * * jjg ^^as a man of warm social feelings. As a husband and a father, no man could be more beloved. '1 he strong social principles of his nature found their finest develo]ie- inent in the family circle of which he wasthc honored head. * * * Jig was also lihernl and jiublic- spirited. He had a ready .sympathy with those objects and plans which look to tlie benefit of others. * * He saw the value of religious institutions before he felt a personal interest in religion itself, and was therefore a liberal siii)porter of the (lospel from his first entrance upon professional life. * * * "But the most marked ehaiacleiistic of Doctor Sanders was his professional enthusiasm, llisstrong natural powers were entirely. I may say iii/enxe/i/, devoted to his chosen work. His {iiofcssion was not a stejJiiing-stonc to wealth and fame, but it was an end in itself. * * * * (ienerons and ))ublic- spirited — attached to his friends — devoted to his pa- tients — untiring in his eilorts to alleviate luiman suffering in all its forms, and in every grade and con- dition of life — a true philanthrojiist, he will long be remembered by the peo])le of this county. An ornament to his profession, he has left an e\am])le to its members which few, indeed, will l)e so fortunate as to excel." John C. S;inders was born in Peru, Huron county, Ohio, on the 2(1 day of July, 1S25. He received his education (subse(pient to that of the common schools) at Lima Academy, after which he began the study of medicine with his father, remaining in his office five years. He was then graduated from the medical de- partment of the Western Peserve College, which at that time owned a distinguished faculty, consisting of Professors Kirtland, Delamater, Ackley, J. Lang Cassells and St. Johns. After his graduation youn<>- Sanders entered into partnership with his father, in the practice of his profession at Peru. The young doctor continued in this relation for eighteen months, when, becoming convinced of the need of a broader general cultuie, he broke away from the ties of social and jirofessional life, and began assiduously to prepare for a literary college course. At the end of one year he entered tlie AVestern IJe.serve College, where he remained two years, after which he became a member of the junior class at Yale College, and was graduated from that institution in the class of 1854. Immediately after his graduation he returned to Ohio, and established a jjartnership with Dr. A. N. Head for the practice of medicine and surgery, at Norwalk. Soon after the death of his father, in 185G, Dr. Sanders removed to Cleveland, and opened an office there. Becoming gradually impressed with the suc- cess of the homoeopathic system, he decided, with his 382 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. usual promptitude, to give it a special and thorough study. The line of his investigations was not in the direction of its literature, with which he was familiar, but of the clinical experience of the representative practitioners of that school in the city of Cleveland. He first entered tlie office of Dr. Turrill, and subse- quently that of Dr. Wheeler, remaining a year in each, engaged exclusively in the study of their clinical ex- periences. He became convinced of the superiority of the system in question, and decided to adopt and follow it. The success tliat has since attended his labors proves, as he claims, the wisdom of his choice. He opened an office on the Public Square, and soon took his place among the leading practitioners of the city. Within a year afterward he received the ap- pointment of professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children in tlie Cleveland Homoeopathic College, wliicli positiou he occupied exclusively, with the exception of one session, for a period of twenty years. For the past five years the chair has been di- vided, but lie still presides over the department of obstetrics. For three sessions he lectured on the theory and practice of medicine, and during one ses- sion oil physiology. As a lecturer he is tineiit, logical and eminently clinical, with a fine command of lan- guage and a complete mastery of his sul)ject. Aside from his collegiate duties he has enjoyed a large general practice, and ranks among the most suc- cessful physicians of Cleveland. For nine years he has been treasurer of the HonKeopathic Medical Soci- ety of Ohio, of wliich lie has long been an active and valued member. He has also been a frequent contrib- utor to its literature. For many years he has been a member of the American Listitnte of Homoeopathy, liolding the chairmanship of its bureau of obstetrics for a series of years, and having also been its vice jiresident. The same energy and ability wliich characterized his youtlihave beeu conspiciions in all his subsequent life, and in the professor's chair as well as in the ex- tensive practice of a prominent physician, he has ever discharged his duties in such a manner as to gain the approbafiou of the public. He is an enthusiastic supporter of the public school system, takes a deep interest in promoting all educational interests, and has been instrumental in the advancement of the stand- ards of professional scholarship in the medical schools. He is now pi-esident of the Homeopathic Inter-Col- legiate Congress. Though taking no active p-.irt in political matters, he acts with the Republican party, and is firm in his convictions and decided in his expressions of opinion. He was married October 2.5, 18.54, to Albina G. Smith, of Cleveland, by whom he has five children — JohuK., Albina G., Ezra C, Gertrude G. and Frank B. Sanders. WILLIAM JOHNSON SCOTT. William Johnson Scott, physician and surgeon, was born in Culpepjier county, Virginia, on the 25th day of January, 1832. His father came to Ohio in 1830, settling in Knox county, where he resided until his death. Young Scott worked on his father's farm until twenty-one j-ears of age, with occasional inter- vals of attendance at a common school. He then, entirely on his own responsibility, entered the pre- paratory department of Kenyon College, and went regularly through the Gollege course; being graduated in 1848. After his graduation he was appointed tutor, which position he held for two years. He directed his special attention, as he had previously done, to those branches of science which would aid' him in preparing for the medical profession. The studies in question were directed by Homer L. Thrall, M.D., who was professor of chemistry in the college at the time. In the winter of 1840-50 Mr. Scott attended a course of lectures at Cleveland Medical College. He returned to Gambler in the spring, taking charge of the laboratory of the college, and practicing medi- cine with Dr. Thrall until the fall of 1852. Having then been elected jirofessor of chemistry in Jefferson College, at Washington, Mississippi, he removed to that place, holding the jiosition in question two years. He then returned to Ohio, and attended a course of lectures at Starling Medical College, Columbus; being graduated from that institution in 1853, with the degree of M.D. He had previously received the de- gree of A.M. from Kenyon College. Dr. Scott then ojiened an office in Slnick'villo, Franklin county, Ohio, where he practiced until 1804, when he accepted the professorship of materia medica and therapeutics in Charity Hospital Medical College, at Cleveland, Ohio. He held this position two years, when he was transferred to the chair of principles and practice of medicine, in which he still remains. He has been consulting physician in Charity Hos- pital and clinical lecturer on medicine ever since he came to Cleveland. His college and hospital duties, however, only occupy a portion of his time, the remain- der being devoted to his private practice. After a time Charity Hospital Medical College be- came the medical department of the University of Wooster, but Dr. Scott holds the same relations to this institution as to the former one. He is a mem- ber of the Ohio State Medical Society, of the Ameri- can Medical Association, of the American Pharma- ceutical Society, the Franklin county Medical Society, and the Cuyahoga County Medical Society. He has also been the president of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, of the Cuyahoga County Medical Societyj and of the Ohio State Medical Society. ■u ■' C(_ -/ t r-M. -i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 383 Dr. Scott was married to Miss Mary F. Stone, of St. Johnsbury, Vermont, in the year 1854. He is a moinboi- of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in Cleveland, and maintains a high standing as a faithful Christian, a skillful physician, and an upright citizen. ELIAS SIMS. Captain Elias Sims, son of John and Eliza Sims, was horn in Onondaga county, New York, on the 4th day of August, 1818. The membeis, on both sides, of the family to which he belongs are remarkable for their longevity. His father, a successful and enter- prising farmer, was a native of Pennsylvania; his mother was born in New York. His boyhood was spent on his father's farm, and his educational advan- tages were very limited. Being the sixth of a family of twelve children, he early realized that it would be necessary for him to make his own way in the world. Possessing considerable ambition and enterprise, lie li'ft the paternal home at the age of fifteen, deter- mined to carve out his own fortune. He first secured employment as a driver on the Krio canal, and continued in that occupation three years. Tic then commenced contracting on the canal, making drains, etc., and at the end of the first year, Idund that he had realized a snug sum of money, lie then took another contract and lost everything he had accumulated. Undiscouraged by this revei'se of fortune, he at once resumed work as an employee, anurchased from Mr. Howe his bijdge patent for the New England States, and a company, under the name of Boody, Stone & Co., was formed for the construction of railways and railway bridges, the mechanical branch of the work to be under the care of Mr. Stone. In 1845 he was appointed super- intendent of the New Haven, Hartford and Spring- field railroad, still continuing his relations with the firm, but the business of the latter became so heavy that he was obliged to resign the position of superin- tendent. Messrs. Boody & Stone had agreed to pay forty thousand dollars for the patent of the Howe truss bridge. A few years afterward defects were found in bridges erected on this plan; other plans competed for the superiority, and it was feared that the purchase was a very poor investment. Mr. Stone's inventive genius was such that he was able to improve the patent in several important particulars, so that it was not found necessary to change it afterward. In 1840 the bridge over the Connecticut river at Enfield Falls, one fourth of a mile long, was carried away by a hurricane. Mr. Stone was applied to by the president of the New Haven, Hartford and Spring- field railroad for advice in regard to its reconstruc- tion. This meeting and the subsequent action of the directors resulted in making Mr. Stone sole manager of the work of erecting another bridge. It was com- pleted, and a train of cars passed over it, within forty days from the day the order was given for its erection. He regarded this as one of the most important events of his life, and he was rewarded by conijjlimentary resolutions and a check for one thousand dollars, given by the company. The next winter the firm of Boody, Stone & Co. was dissolved, Mr. Stone taking, of the States covered by the patent, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Con- necticut. He then formed a partnership with Mr. D. L. Harris, which continued until 1849. In 1848 he formed another partnership, with Mr. Stillman Witt and Mr. Frederick Harbach, and this firm contracted with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati rail- road company to construct the road from Cleveland to Columbus. This was thought by many to be a doubtful undertaking, as a part of the payment for the work was to be taken in the capital stock of the company. It was finished, however, and the stock in'oved to be a very profitable investment. In 1850 Mr. Stone was appointed its sujierin- tendent, and in the same year he removed to Cleve- land. Another most important enterprise with which he was connected was the construction of the railroad from Cleveland to Erie. This was comi)leted in the face of numberless difficulties, and Mr. Stone was appointed its superintendent. In 1852, while still acting as superintendent of both the roads named, Mr. Stone was elected a director in each of the com- panies, and he attended to the duties of these various positions with great ability until 1854, when he re- signed the superintendency on account of ill health. He was .also, for several years, president of the Cleve- land, Painesville and Ashtabula railroad. In 1855 Messrs. Stone and Witt contracted to build the Chi- cago and Milwaukee railroad, and the former was for numy years a director in that company. He was also a director in several banks — the Mei-- chants' of Cleveland, the Bank of Commerce, the Second National Bank, the Commercial National Bank, and the Cleveland Banking Company. For sev- eral years he was the president of the Toledo branch of the State Bank of Ohio, at Toledo, a director of the Jamestown and Franklin Railroad Comi)any, and the president of the Mercer Iron and Coal Com- pany, lie also aided in establishing several manu- factories, carried on extensive ear works, and gave financial aid to several iron-manufacturing interests. In 1861 he erected a large woolen-mill in Cleveland. He also gave special attention to the construction of roofs of buildings, covering many acres of ground; the last designed by him being that of the Union passenger depot at Cleveland. He was also said to ^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 385 be the first to design and erect pivot drawbridges of long spjin, and in the construction of railroad cars and locomotives he introduced numerous imj)rove- meuts. Mr. Stone took a prominent part in the recruiting and supply of troop.s during the war for the Union, and was offered by President Lincoln a commission as brigadier-general for tiie purpose of buildiiig a military railroad through Kentucky to Knoxville, 'IV-iinessee, a project which was afterwards relin- i|uislied by the government, lie went abroad in 1868 for the benefit of his health, and spent two years in travel and observation. On his return, in 1873, he resumed charge of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad as managing director, which posi- tion he resigned in 1875; afterward devoting his time to the care of his own estate. He gave, at this and other periods, a great deal of attention to works of public charity, and in 1877 he built and endowed a home for aged and indigent women at Cleveland. Mr. Stone was married on the 12th day of .January, 1842, to Miss Julia Ann Gleason of Warren, Massa- chusetts. His children have been three in number: a son, Adelbert B. Stone, a young gentleman of remarkable promise, who was drowned in the Con- necticut river while a student at Yale College; and two daughters, the elder of whom was married in 1874 to John Hay, Esq. ANDROS B. STONE. This gentleman was l)orn in Charlton, Worcester CDunty, Massachusetts, on the 18th day of June, 1824. He is a descendant, in the seventh generation (in this country), from an English family. In the year 1G3.") two brothers named Simon and Gregory Stone sailed from Ipswich, England, for Boston, in the ship " Increase." They settled in Cambridge, Mass- iichusetts — were yeomen and land owners; Mr. Simon Stone being one of the owners of the old Cambridge burying ground, where his remains have lain for nearly two hundred and fifty years. Mr. Stone's ancestors were nearly all noted Puritans — prominent in the church and in public affairs. His great grand- lather, Jonathan Stone, removed to Worcester county, where his son Jonathan and his grandson Anuisa, the father of the subjcctof this sketch, pernumently settled. Mr. Andros B. Stone was the youngest of ten chililri^u. and remained upon the liome farm until he wa.5 fifteen years of age, receiving such education as the common schools and aca, he was engaged in the con- struction of forts Warren and Independence, in Bos- ton harbor, under the superintendence of Colonel Sylvanus Thayer. The value of his services, and the esteem in which ho was held by his employers, may be inferred from the following extracts from letters of recommendation. The first is from Mr. William Otis, contractor on the Boston and Providence rail- road, to Mr. Latrobe, of Baltimore, chief engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. He says: "The bearer, Mr. Peter Thatcher, wishes to become a liidder for some of your work. I can say for him, that he has been in my employment, as su- perindent, for the last four years, and he has always acquitted himself with entire satisfaction to the engineer over him and to myself. I feel pride in say- ing that he is a young man in whom the utmost con- fidence can be placed." Mr. Wright, superintendent of engineers at Fort Warren, wrote of him in the following terms: "He possesses a thorough acquaintance with his business, and combines great intelligence with an uncommon degree of faithfulness in the discharge of duty. I feel assured that whoever is so fortunate as to com- mand his services will esteem him a great acquisition." Others equally commendatory might be quoted, but these will suffice to show the character he had estab- lished. He subsequently became extensively engaged as a railroad contractor, building many of the promi- nent railroads in the Eastern States, and all along the coast from Maine to Georgia. In 1850 he obtained control of the Howe patent truss bridge, and established the firm of Thatcher, Burt & Co., bridge builders, with offices at Spring- field, Massachusetts, and Cleveland, Ohio. At this time Mr. Thatcher removed to Cleveland, and for many years was one of the principal bridge builders in the West. He erected nearly all the original rail- road bridges in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Ken- tucky, on the Cleveland, Columbus and Pittsburg; Cleveland and Toledo; Panhandle; Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne and Chicago; Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- nati and Indianapolis; Cincinnati and Marietta; Cin- cinnati and St. Louis; Baltimore and Ohio, and other railroads. In 18G2 he rebuilt the bridge over the Cumberland river at Nashville, which was burned during the war. After having, for thirteen years, carried on the bridge building business and added to it a trade in lumber, the firm built the Union Elevator, in Cleve- land, and a new firm of Thatcher, Gardner, Burt & Co., was formed. This firm was dissolved in I860, by the withdrawal of Mr. Thatcher. About this time a company was formed for the purchase of a patent obtained for the manufacture of a durable paint and fire-proof mastic from iron ore. Mr. Thatcher was chosen president of the company, which at once en- tered on a vigorous prosecution of its business and has succeeded beyond the anticipation of its directors. The paint is made of Lake Superior iron ore, ground fine, and mixed with linseed oil, with which it forms a perfect union. It is then used in a thin state, as a paint for surfaces, whether of wood, stone or metal. 388 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. exposed to the weather, and in a thicker state for a fire-proof mastic. The ore is crushed by machinery of great strength, and about three tons of paint are produced daily, besides the mastic, and find ready market. In connection witli the above Mr. Thatclier has also purchased a patent for the manufacture of "metallic shingle," or iron roofing, whicli, after a test of a number of years, has been acknowledged to be unequaled for strength, durability, economy and beauty, and is water, fire, snow and dust proof. On the 11th of September, 1854, Mr. Thatcher first became connected with the Masonic order by being initiated an entered apprentice in Iris Lodge, No. 229, of Cleveland. He rapidly advanced in the society, has filled many high and responsible posi- tions, and, since 1803, has been grand treasurer of the Grand Commandery of Kuiglits Templar of Ohio. He has also passed through the Scottish rites to the thirty-second degree. In politics he is a Republican, and, although he has never sought political preferment, has been appointed to several offices of public trust. For six years he has been a commissioner of the water works. He was elected a member of the board of public works of the State, in which position he remained three years, and has also been president of the Cleveland Library Association for two years. In every instance his services have given universal satisfaction. He is not a member of any church organization, but is a con- stant and generous contributor to churches, schools, public institutions and charitable causes. He is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, and enjoys the affection and respect of a large circle of friends. As a citizen and a man of business he commands the confidence of all. He was married on the 6th of May, 1849, to Sarah Adams, daughter of Eudor and Lvdia Adams Estabrook, of West Cambridge (now Arlington), Massachusetts. To them have been born three children — two sons, and one daughter who died in infancy. The eldest, Peter, Jr., who represents the seventh generation of this name, was born on the 31st of August, 1850; John Adams, the second son, was born on the 26th of February, 1852; Annie Adams, the only daughter, was born on the 18th of March, 1855, and died February the Tth, 1857. AMOS TOWNSEND. Amos Townsend was born near Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania, in 1831. His father, Aaron Townsend, was a well-to-do farmer, belonging to the Townsend family of Philadelphia. His motlier was a daughter of Captain Jacob Cox, who served under Washington in the Revolutionary war. He received a good edu- cation, and when fifteen years of age entered a store near Pittsburg, in which he remained until he was nineteen. He subsequently removed to Mansfield, Ohio, and formed a partnership with N. B. Hogg, under the firm name of A. Townsend & Co., for the transaction of a general mercantile business. This firm was dissolved at the end of five years, and the business closed. During his residence in Mansfield the Kansas troubles broke out, and a committee was ap]iointed by the National House of Representatives to proceed to the scene of the disturbance, make investigation, and report the exact condition of affairs. Mr. John Sherman procured for Mr. Townsend tlie ajjpoint- ment of marshal of the committee, and he attended it in that capacity. This position proved a dangerous as well as respon- sible one, but was filled in such a manner as to gain the respect and good will of both parties. In 1858 Mr. Townsend removed to Cleveland, and accepted a position in the wholesale grocery establish- ment of Gordon, McMillan & Co., in which he re- mained until 1861. He then became the junior part, ner in the firm of Edwards, Iddings & Co., engaged in a similar business. On the death of Mr. Iddings, in 1802, the firm became Edwards, Townsend & Co., which it still remains. The house has been very suc- cessful, establishing an extensive business and a higli reputation for stability and enterprise. Mr. Townsend has always taken an active interest in public and political matters, and, although not an office seeker, has been chosen to many positions of public trust. In the spring of 1864 he was elected a member of the city council, on the Reiniblican ticket, and was re-elected to the same position five successive terms, serving continuously for ten years. During seven years of that time he was president of the coun- cil, and during the last three years was chosen by a unanimous vote. In the spring of 1874 he took leave of that body in an address which presented a clear exhibit of the progress the city had made, during the period of his connection with municipal affairs. In 1873 he was elected a member of the State constitu- tional convention, serving in that body on the impor- tant committees of finance, taxation and municipal affairs. He was one of the most conscientious and pains-taking members, and rendered valuable service. In October, 1876, Mr. Townsend was elected to the forty-fiftli Congress, entering upon his duties in 1877. He took an active part in the business and debates of the session, serving as a member of the committee on post-offices and post-roads. The introduction and successful passage of the letter-carrier bill was mainly due to his efforts. He made an able speech, which atti'acted marked attention, on the important tariff bill introduced by Fernando Wood. He was re-elected to Congress in the fall of 1878, was appointed a mem- ber of the committee on commerce, and will undoubt- edly serve in the forthcoming session with his usual vigor and ability. As a business man he is active and persevering, ])ossessiug a clear head and a sound judgment, which enable liim to form a correct estimate of. the men he meets, and of their aims and purposes. He belongs to that class of citizens w'hose services in political BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 38D iiffiiirs are so much needed, and, as experience teaches, are so difficult to oljtain. During tlie war for tlie Union, he proved iiimst'lf tliorouglily palrioti(\ con- tributing in different ways to the sui)port of tlie ITnion cause, and serving for a time witli the First Light Artillery. In addition to his otluu' husiucss interests, lie owns stock in several important corporations; he has been, and is, a director of the Mercantile Insurance com- pany, and ill JIarch, 1875, was chosen a director of the Cleveland, Columbus, C'incinnati and Indianap- olis railroad company. In all tlie varied positions he has occupied, both in ])ublic and private life, he has shown the same indomitable energy, clear judgment, thorough infornnition and strict integrity, and he is regarded by all as an eminently successful business nian and politician. OSCAR TOWNSENI). The subject of this sketch is of English ancestrv. being descended from the Puritans who, as JIacaulay says, "prostrated themselves in dust before their Maker, but set their feet upon the neck of their king." The following genealogy shows his lineage in this country. Samuel Townsend was born in England in 1G37, and came to this country about the time (KUD) when the head of Charles First was brought to the block, lie settled at Lynn, Massachusetts, and died there in ITO-i. His son, Jonathan Townsend, was born in 1008, and died at Lynn in 1717. The son of the latter, also named .lonathau, was born in 1097, and entered Harvard College in 1712. After being gradu- ated, he was ordained in 171!) as pastor of the Con- gregational church, at Needham, Ma,s.sacliusetts, and died there in 1702, after a pastorate of forty-three years; a length of service, especially if compared with the average modern jiastorate, creditable alike to the congregation and their evidently trusted minister. His son, Samuel Townsend, great-grandfather of Oscar, was born in 1729, and died at Tyringham, Berkshire county, Massaclnisetis, in 1822. The son of the latter, William Townsend, a youthful soldier at the close of the Revolutionary war, was born in ITii.i, and died in Huron county, Ohio, in 1S48. His son, Hiram Townsend, father of Oscar, was born August 31, 1798, and removed to Greenwich, Huron county, Ohio, in tlie spring of 1816, and there married Jliss Eliza Fancher, on the 23d of April, 1823. It was no jiathway of roses whicli opened at that time before the newly-wedded couple. They saw clearly wiiat was before them, and entered knowingly upon a life of labor and .self-denial in a region which at that time, apart from a few small hamlets and some scattering cabins, was a dense wilderness, roamed over by wild bciists, hardly more.«avage than the Cliipjtewa and Delaware Indians who occasionally visited the locality. Yet they endured with patience and forti- tude all the perils and privations incident to jiioneer life in the West, sustained by their mutual affection, till at last, after a long life of usefulness and self-sac- rilice, Hiram Townsend passed to his rest on the 9th day of December, 1870, at the age of seventy-two, universally honored and esteemed. His widow still survives, residing in Cleveland, on the West Side. Their son, Osc.ir Townsend, w;is born at their resi- dence in Greenwich, March 22, ItSf). He was, from the very first, inured to the practical labors of farm life, labors which no doubt aided largely both in de- veloping his i)resent muscular and well knit frame, iind in giving that practical readiness and that power of adapting means to ends, which have so thoroughly characterized him throughout his life. His educa- tional advantages were limited to such training as the C()untry schools of that time alforded, except during a few months in 1852, when he attended the old Pros- pect-street grammar school, then under the charge of Mr. L. M. Oviatt, afterwards siii)erintetident of the Cleveland public schools and librarian of the public library, of whose attentive guidance Mr. Townsend has ever since cherished the most grateful recollec- tions. The location of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cin- eiiiiiati railroad across his father's farm, in 1848, had aroused the ambition of young Townsend, then only thirteen years old, to find a wider and more congenial sjihere of action than his rural occupation had af- forded. Beginning in a subordinate jiosition on the railway just mentioned, his earnest and constjint en- deavor was to subserve the interest of his employes by unwearying faithfulness to every assigned duty. This trait was soon observed by those who could not only appreciate but reward it; and in the spring of 1850 young Townsend, at the age of twenty-one, through the kindness of E. S. Flint and Addi.^on Hills, was transferred from Shelby station to the freight office at Cleveland. In April, 1802, Mr. Townsend was invited to a position in the Second National Bank of Cleveland, where he remained till 1805, when he was tendered the post of superintendent of the Empire Transporta- tion Co., and assumed the charge of the western department of that line. The energy and alility which had characterized Jlr. Townsend in every posi- tion which he had hitherto occupieil were, by this time, so fully recognized that in August, 1808, he was tendered and accepted the offices of director and vice president of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- nati and Indianapolis railroad. When, a few months afterwards, Mr. L. M. Hubby, the president of the com])any, met with an accident which disabled him from i)erforming the duties of his jiosition, Mr. Town- send became the -acting executive officer, and in Sep- tember, 1S70, at the age of thirty-five, was elected president of the corporation. In this position his executive and financial abilities had a wider scojie for their display than ever before, and, whatever adventitious circumstances may be claimed to have contributed to the result, Mr. Town- 390 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. send can certainly point to that term of five years — from 18G8 to 1873 — under his management, as em- bracing the most prosperous period in tlie history of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indian- apolis railroad. In closing his connection with the road, in 1873, Mr. Townsend carried with him a wi-it- ten testimonial by his successors as to the correct- ness of all his official transactions in behalf of the company, covering millions of dollars, from first to last, a testimonial which he prized far beyond the pres- tige gained while at the head of the company. After a few years of comparative leisure, improved by him in other pursuits, Mr. Townsend was tendered the position of general manager of the Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley and Wheeling railroad company, by its board of directors, composed of such cajjable and successful business men as Selah Chamberlain, Amasa Stone, Dr. W. S. Streator and others, who had been associated and intimately acrpiainted with him for many years. This post he accepted and now occupies. He is also a part owner and the president of the Lake Superior Transportation Co., which owns sev- eral vessels employed in tlie iron ore trade between ports on Lake Superior and Lake Erie. Mr. Townsend was united, December 22, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Martin, daughter of the late Thomas Martin, formerly of Huron county, Ohio, by whom he has four sons, viz: Frank M., now twenty-one years of age; Jay Frederic, nineteen; Willard H., twelve; and Oscar, Jr., five. In general personal appearance, that is, in bight, weight, massiveness of frame, and in movement, Mr. Townsend is said to resemble the late Senator Stephen A. Douglas, although their faces, as the picture shows, are dissimilar. Mr Townsend is of medium bight, with a large, well-shaped head, abundant brown hair, well streaked with gray, dark auburn whiskers, large, blue eyes, a florid complexion, indicating a sanguine temperament, a firm, full neck, very broad shoulders, witli a chest that, like Douglas', is of extraordinary size in proportion to his bight. His movements are active, and his gait is usually very rapid. He is genial and kindly in manner, readily accessi- ble to all, but prompt and decided when promptness and decision are necessary. He loves and attracts children, and greets acquaintances with a smiling eye and a hearty grasp of the hand. He possesses and expresses strong feelings and j)refereuces, with sin- cerity, and is noted for the faithfulness with which he fulfills every promise, no matter how much it may prove to his own disadvantage. Although naturally modest and retiring in his disposition, yet he mingles freely in the social circle, and is ready to do his part in promoting the general enjoyment of any assemblage met for mutual entertainment. Mr. Townsend is a member of the Firsf Baptist church of Cleveland, as are also his wife and his eld- est son. He is strictly temperate in his habits, and abjures the use of alcoholic drinks and tobacco in every form, as certain to prove deleterious to health in the end. But, while thus holding his faith and moral princijiles, he is never intolerant of the views of others, and, as the result of his study and thougiit, is in full sympathy with the most enlightened science and philosoiiliy of modei'u times. His hand and his heart are alike open to all proper demands, wjiether for the public advantage or for private unostentatious charity, tempered by a wise discrimination, wiiich knows almost instinctively when to withhold and when to give freely. JKPTHA H. WADE. Jeptha II. Wade, whose name has been ju-ominently connected with the telegraphic history of the West, and associated with many other important enterpises, was born in Seneca county. New York, on the 1 1th of August, 1811. He is a son of Jejstha Wade, a surveyor and civil engineer, and was brought up to mechanical pursuits, in which he achieved a fair amount of success. In youth he was unexcelled as a marksman, and, in the days of militia training, he was the commander of four hundred Seneca-county riflemen. They geiicrally closed the season with target practice, and in those annual trials of skill he invariably showed his right to command by not allowing himself to be beaten. Having a taste for art, and finding his health im- paired by the labors and close application conseciuent upon his mechanical employment, he, in 1835, turned his attention to portrait painting, and by study and conscientious devotion to the art he became very suc- cessful. While engaged in this work, in Adrian, Michigan, the useof the camera in producing portraits came into notice. He purchased a camera, and, aided only by printed directions, succeeded in taking the first daguerreotype ever taken west of New York. In 1844, while busy with his jjencil and easel, taking portraits, varying his occupation by exjierimenting with the camera, news came to him of the excitement created by the success of the ex})eriment of working a telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington. He turned his attention to the new science, studied it with his accustomed patience and assiduity, mas- tered its details, so far as then understood, and immediately saw the advantage to the country, and the pecuniary benefit to those immediately Interested, likely to accrue from the extension of the telegraph system which had just been created. He entered earnestly on the woik of extending this system, and the first line west of Buffalo was built by him, between Detroit and Jackson, Michigan. The Jackson office was opened and operated by him, al- though he had received no practical Instruction in the manipulation of the instruments. After a short In- terval he again entered the field of construction, and, working with untiring energy, soon covered all Ohio, and the country as far west as St. Louis, with a net work of wires known as the "Wade lines." BlOd RAl'FIIOAL SKETCH KS. 391 Tliis W!i8 not accomplished, however, without experi- encing tlio dinicultics, annoyances and misfortunes to wliich all f,n-eat enterprises are snlijoct in their infancy. Ignorant employees, imperfect insulation and ruinous competition were the greatest embarrassments. But to Mr. Wade tliose obstacles were not insuperaljle and in the face of all these difficulties he proceeded with I he work of opening and operating telegraph lines. Imperfect insulation was met by the invention of the famous "Wade insulator," which is still in use. He was the first to enclose a submarine cable in iron armor (across the Mississippi river at St. Louis), for which invention the world and its telegraph system owes him much; as it was this important discovery and imjjrovement in their construction that made tel- egraph cables a success, and the crossing of oceans a possibility. The "House consolidation" placed his interests in the Erie and Michigan, and Wade lines in the hands of the Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Com- jianv, and before long this consolidation was followed by the union of all the House and Morse lines in the West, and the organization of the Western Union Telegraph Company soon followed. In all these acts of consolidation the influence of Mr. Wade was active and powerful. Realizing the fact that competition between short, detached lines rendered them unpro- ductive, and that in telegraphy as in other things union is strength, he directed his energies to bringing aliout the consolidation, not only of the lines connect- ing with each other, but of rival interests. The sound- ness of his judgment has been proven by the remark- able prosperity of the lines since their consolidation, in marked contrast with their former condition. lie was one of the originators of the first Pacific tele- graph, and on the formation of the company was made its first president. The location of the line, and its construction through the immense territory, then in great pavt a wilderness, I)etw((ii Chicago anil San Fraiu^i.sco, were left mainly to his i;iiaided judgment and energy, and here again IIki.-c i|ualities converted a hazardous experiment into a Inilliant success. He remained president of the i'acilic company until he secured its consolidation with the \\\'stcrn liiion Telegraph Company, to accomplish which lie went to California in the latter jiart of IStiO, and succeeded in harmonizing the jarring telegraphic interests there. On the completion of this arrangement, in J 800, Mr. Wade was made president of the consolidated com- [lany. having his headi|uarters in New York. It is scarcely possible to overestimate the value of his con- nection with the Western Union Telegra|)h Company at this period of its history, especially after he be- came its chief executive officer. He possessed, in a superior degree, the invaluable faculty of administration and the power of clear, accurate, discriminating systemization. He knew how to ap]n'eciate and estimate the value and force <>f obstacles, how to carry out by careful and ]n'ndent steps, and in well arranged detail, a fine conception, and organize it into a permanent force. His work was done by (piiet, effective, well-planned and thorough methods. At a meeting of the board of directors in July, 18(i7, a letter was received from Mr. Wade de- clining, on account of failing health, a re-election to the office of president. His witlidrawal from tele- graphic administration was received with general regret, and the following resolutions were passed after the election of the new board was announced: "Resolred, That, to the foresight, perseverance and tact of Mr. J. H. Wade, the former president of the company, we believe is largely due the fact of the existence of our great company to-day, with its thou- sand arms grasping the extremities of the continent, instead of a series of weak, unreliable lines, unsuitcd to public wants, and, as proiterty, precarious and insecure; "Reffolred, That we tender to ^Ir. Wade our con- gratulations on the fruition of his groat work, signalized and cemented by this day's election of a board representing the now united leading tele- graphic interests of the nation." The telegra])h had brought to Mr. Wade vast wealth, but it had also brought him into a stale of health which imperiled its enjoyment. To dismiss care he sold out his entire telegraphic interests, and in travel and in the enjoyment of his home in Cleveland, which he jjrovided with every appliance of art and taste and comfort, gave himself up to needed rest and recuperation. On his restoration of health, which fol- lowed a judicious respite from labor, he entered into many spheres of active life. 'J'he wealth he has ac- cumulated is mostly invested in such a manner as to largely aid in building up the prosperity of Cleveland. The large and pleasant tract of land in the seven- teenth ward, adjoining Euclid avenue, known as " Wade Park," was beautified at his own expense for the enjoyment of the public. At the organization of the Citizen's Savings and Loan Association, of Cleveland, in 1807, he was ehcted ils jiresident, and still retains that office. He is the tern Keserve Historical Society, and has ever been ail earnest supporter of educational interests. His sound judgment and correct taste have frequently rendered good service in devising and carrying out plans for charitable or other jmrposes. He was mar- ried in 1851 to Miss Lucy B. Clark, daughter of Dr. W. A. Clark, of Cleveland. X REUBEN WOOD. This early lawyer and statesman of Cleveland was born in the year 1792, in the county of Rutland, and State of Vermont. Brought up on a farm, he ac(piired sutlicient education to teach school during the winter months, and made this the stepping stone to higher aei|uiremcuts. Finding special facilities in Canada he went over the line to prosecute his studies, but was compelled to return by the breaking out of the war of 1812. Having already begun the study of the law, he conijileted it with Gen. Clark, a jirominent lawyer of Miildletown, Vermont, and obtained admission to the liar. In the year 1818 he was married, and immediately afterward removed to Cleveland, then a small but promising village, closely surrounded by woods. His only rival there in the legal profession was Alfred Kelley, except Leonard Case, who paid little attention to law except in connection with land. Mr. Wood being a wide-awake, energetic man, well suited to the western country, soon obtained a good practice, in which he was actively engaged for twelve years. His characteristics as a lawyer have been mentioned in the chapter devoted to the early bar of Cleveland. His practice was somewhat interrupted by his elec- tion to the State senate in 1825, a position to which he was twice re-elected. In 1830 Jlr. Wood was elected by the legislature president judge of the third judicial circuit. He was, as described by an old lawyer, especially good as a nisi prills judge — that is, in presiding over the trial of suits — his quick, active mind enabling him to catch easily the main points of a case, to understand readily the bearing of evidence, and to appreciate off-hand the points of a lawyer's argument. In 1833 he was elected a judge of the supreme court of the State, and at the end of his term, he was re-elected. For the last three years of his second term he was the chief justice of the court. Judge Wood was elected governor of Ohio in 1850 by the Democratic party, by a majority of over eleven thousand. His otKcial term was brought to a close within a year by the adoption of the new constitution, but in the autumn of 1851 he was a candidate for elec- tion under that instrument, and was chosen by a ma- jority of about twenty-six thousand. During both terms he served to the satisfaction of the ijeojile, and obtained a wide reputation for ability. When it was found impracticable, at the Democratic National con- vention of 1853, to nominate one of the leading can- didates for the Presidency, Gov. Wood was strongly talked of as a compromise candidate. The jiosition, however, was finally assigned to Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire. After the expiration of Gov. Wood's gubernatorial career he was appointed, in 1853, by President Pierce, as consul at Valparaiso, in the republic of Chili. While there he acted for a short time as minister to Chili. On his return he retired to a farm in the town- ship of Rockport, where he resided until his death, which occurred on the 2d day of October, 1804, he being then seventy-two years old. The characteristics of Mr. Wood's mind were quick- ness, promi)tness, acuteness and thorough knowledge of human nature; all qualities especially calculated to l)romote his success in a new, wide-awake, go-ahead country. TIMOTHY DOANK CROCKER. Timothy Doane Crocker, a lawyer and capitalist of Cleveland, is descended on the paternal side through J. Davis Crocker, formerly of Lee, Massachusetts, in a direct line from the Crockers who settled at Cape Cod, shortly after the lauding of the Pilgiim fathers 396 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. upon Plymouth Rock. His mother is a daughter of Judge Timotliy Doaiie, a native of Haddam, Connec- ticut. The old Doane mansion is still standing, the ancient frescoes of which represent scenes familiar to the patriots of the Revolutionary days. One of Mr. Crocker's name — a historical character — was a captain in the British navy before the Revolution, and was at one time governor of Long Island, under British rule. ]\Ir. Crocker's paternal grandfather was a prominent citizen of Lee, where he owned an extensive landed property. Being urged by his pastor. Dr. Hyde, and others, to head a colony of immigrants to Ohio, he consented to do so. Before leaving for the new settle- ment the colony organized a church, and he was chosen one of the officers. He traveled to Ohio in 1811 in his own private car- riage, which was said to be the first pleasure carriage driven through to the Reserve. He purchased large tracts of land in Euclid and Dover townships, the village of Collinwood being now situated on a jiortion of the former tract, which was extensive and valuable, reaching to the lake, and as far west as the Coit farm. Although quite young at the time of the Revolution, this gentleman was in the military service before its. close, and was on General Washington's staff. After the passage of the act giving pensions to those who survived the war, he was urged by his friends to ap- ply for one. His reply was: "I would never be guilty of receiving reward for services rendered ni)' country in time of peril and need." He was a gentleman of sterling qualities of head and heart, unblemished in- tegrity, well informed, and one whose advice was sought from far and near. In this connection it is worthy of note that no representative of that branch of the family was ever known to be a drunkard, al- though in early times a sideboard was esteemed a household necessity. Tlie father of the subject of this sketch, who was quite young when the family came to Ohio, possessed then, to a large degree, his father's superior quali- ties. He had four children — Sarah, who married Rev. E. Adams, an Episcopal clergyman, (of the family of John Adams, of Massachusetts); Mary, who married Judge P. H. Smythe of Burlington, Iowa (a descendant of the Patrick Ilcnry family of Virginia); Timothy Doane; and Davis J., a lawyer, of Chicago. The heads of the family of Mr. T. D. Crocker's mother, on the ijaternal side, were, for at least three generations, sea captains, owning the vessels they commanded, and trading to the Indies. John Doane, the founder of the family in this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of the first three vessels that sailed to Plymouth. He was prominent in the affairs of the colony, and in 1633 was chosen assistant to Governor Winslow. Subsequently he was one of the commis- sioners chosen to revise the laws; in 164:2 he was again chosen to be Governor Winslow's assistant, and for several years he was selected as a deputy in the colony court. Judge Timothy Doane moved from Connecticut to Herkimer county, New York, about 1794. In 1801 he migrated to Euclid, now East Cleveland, in this county. With his family he made the journey from Buffalo to Cleveland in an open boat rowed by In- dians, landing where night overtook them, only to resume their travels the following day. Near Grand river they saw a storm approaching and attempted to land, but their boat was swamped. All were saved, however, and Mr. Doane and his family continued their journey to Cleveland on horseback along the Indian trail. At this period the mother of the sub- ject of our sketch was five years old, and at the present time (September, 1879,) is still living, in the full possession of her faculties, and thoroughly familiar with the growth and develojmient of the country, especially in northern Ohio. During thc^ war of 1812, and, later, during the rebellion of 1861-1)5, she was very active in giving aid and comfort to the siclj and wounded soldiers, and good cheer to those in health. She is a woman of liberal and intelligent views, accomplished, and beloved by all who know her. . At the jieriod of Judge Doane's advent, there were but three log houses where now stands the beautiful city of Cleveland. West of the Cuyahoga was Indian territory, and Judge Doane found the Indians to be peaceable and good neighbors. They were always re- ceived at his house as friends, and on many a night, Indian-like, they would wrap themselves in their blankets and sleep around the Judge's cheerful fire. In appreciation of his kindness they would frequently present him with some of the best venison or lish which their skill could procure. During the first year of his administration the first governor of Ohio appointed Judge Doane to be a jus- tice of the peace. The original commission is now in possession of Timothy Doane Crocker, and reads as follows: Edward Tiffin, Governor, in the name and by the authority of the State of Ohio: To all iclio shall see these jiresents, Greeting: Know ye, that we have assigned and constituted, and do by these presents constitute and appoint, Tim- othy Doane, Justice of the Peace for Cleveland Town- ship, in the county of Trumbull, agreeabl}' to the laws, statutes and ordinances in such case made and provided, with all the privileges, emoluments, etc., for three years from the date hereof, and until a suc- cessor shall be chosen and qualified. In witness whereof, the said Edward Tiffin, Governor of the State of Ohio, hath caused the seal of the said State to be liereuutxt affixed, at Chillicothe, the 14th day of July, in the year of our Lord, 1803, and of the independence of the State of Ohio, the first. By the Governor, Edw aisd Tiffin. Wm. Creighton, Jr., Secretary of State. iL.s.l (Private seal. The State seal being not yet procured.) Subsequently Judge Doane served as associate judge for man}' years. At an early age, Timothy Doane Crocker exhibited those traits of character — energj', integrity and per- severance — which proved the beacon lights iu his after (I ii J( <^^S^ "^^^^"^^ 7^^ BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 397 Ciivcer. In his youth lie worked on his fallier's l":irni (luring llie springs, summers and autumns, and in tiio winters attended a district schooL lie early showed es|)ecial facility in inatlicinatics, and when only thir- teen was a thorough arithmetician, Ijcing able to solve mentally many of the most diilicult arithmetical prob- lems. From the district school he went to Twiiisburg academy, where his expenses were defrayed by the manual labor he performed, and where, by habits of industry, he undoubtedly laid the foundation of his successful life. Subsequently he attended Shaw acad- emy and afterward entei'ed Western Ileserve College, where he paid the most of his expclises by his own labor. He was graduated in June, 1843, taking high rank both in scholaiship and deportment — no unfa- vorable "mark" having been recorded against him. In the fall of 1843, in which year his father died, he became principal of a select school near Howling (irecn, Kentucky, i)rosecuting assiduously, at the same time, his classical and other studies. During his two years and a half stay at Bowding Green, he developed a high order of talent as an educator and disciplinarian. On his return to Cleveland in 184G, he read law in the oflice of Allen & Stetson for u few months, and then entered the law school of Harvard University, from which he was graduated in 1848; having previously — in 1847 — been admitted to j)ractice at the Middlesex (Massachusetts,) bar, after a severe exaniinatiim in open court bv (!liief .lustice Wilds. He returned to Cleveland the same year, and in November again left home — this time for Burlington, Iowa — spending the winter in the office of (irimes & Starr. In March, 18411, lie opened an office, and was engaged in active practice until 1804. He dis- tinguished himself as counsel in many imjiorttint cases, in which some of the best legal talent in the State was opposed to him. His practice ra])idly in- creased until it became worth ten thousand dollars a year; an exceedingly large one in a city of the size of Burlington, and one of the largest in the State of Iowa. He invested his professional gains in land, be- ct)ming a large landholder in Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and this real estate has now increased very greatly in value. Mi'. Crocker was also attorney for the Chicago, Burlington and (^uincy railroad company from the time that it broke ground on the east side of the Mississippi. He be- came interested in other railroads as well as in plank- roads in that section, and was a stockholder and director in the Burlington Bank. The health of his wife demanding a change of resi- dence, he removed his family to Cleveland in 18G0. Since closing his legal business (about 18(i4) the care of Ills estate has required all the attention lie could give to business matters. He has, however, been prominent in the supjiort of benevolent institutions, and in the promotion of religious education. He was president for several years of the Sabbath School Union, and sujierintendent for ten years of the Mis- sion Sabbath School of the First Presbyterian Church, of Cleveland, of which latter body he was a member. The school had but eighty pujiils when he took charge of it, while at the time of his resignation there were one thousand enrolled, seven hundred of whom were reg- ular attendants. He is one of the trustees of the Western Reserve College, at: Hudson, (in aid of wiiichhe has given ten thousand dollars), and of Mount Union College, of Alliance, Ohio, in which latter institution he is also the lecturer on political ecoiioinv and eommercial and international law. Mr. Ch'ocker has ever eschewed politics so far as seeking political preferment is concerned. In Iowa he was often solicited to be a candidate for judge of the district court, but declined the honor. During the war for the Union he devoted much time and money to the national cause, and rendered vuhuible service to the Christian Commission on the Potomac. His success in life has been due not only to great industry and energy but to a ])eculiar and intuitive faculty of seizing the right opportunity at the right moment, together with the foresight to determine accurately the probable results of an undertaking. Mr. Crocker is one of the few repix'sentative men of Cleveland who arc natives of Cuyahoga county. He was married in September, 1853, to Eliza P., only daughter of the late Wm. A. Oiis, Esq., of Cleveland and has hail live children; three sons and two daugh- ters. The subject of this sketch lias been a resident of the city of Cleveland for the last twenty-one years. He was born in Ilamixleii county, Massachusetts, October 30, 1,SI3. His father, who w:is a farmer of moderate means in th.it rugged region, having ex- changed his land for a larger tract in the West, re- moved with a large family in the fall of 1824 to what was afterwards known as Freedom, in the county of Portage, in this State, and erected a log hut near the center of a nearly unbroken forest of about seven miles s(iuare, without roads, schools or churches, and still filled with wild beasts, including the bear and wolf, in such numbers as to make the rearing of domestic animals next to impossible. It is needless to say that such a state of things must be attended with many privations, and, for those who had noth- ing but wild land, the provision of food and clothing became a consideration of the first necessity. To secure these, the land must be cleared of the heavy timber upon it, and to this vei-y hard labor, for a growing boy, Hufus P. devoted himself for the next six years, with only one winter's schooling in a neighboring town during the period. This course of life then began to tell on his health, and an irresisti- ble desire to ac(piire some education ensued, which his parents warmly seconded by their wishes, although 398 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. they were ignorant of the way to accomplish it, and witiiout the means to furnish any considerable aid. But the departure vvas to be made, and, having no reliance but upon his ax, he chopped cord-wood for a merchant to pay for a Latin dictionary, a Virgil and a razor — tliis being an implement his age began to de- mand, while the others, he was told, were necessary to commence a literary career. Thus prepared, he com- menced stndj with Dr. Bassett, of Nelson, who taught an academy part of the year and gave private instruction the residue. After staying a considera- ble time with him and contracting a very strong attachment for him, he pursued his studies at the Western Reserve College, supporting himself during this period by frequent intervals of manual labor, and by teaching two terms, the first in a district in Hiram, where Mormonism first broke out in tlie West, and the last in the academy building in Nelson formerly occupied by Dr. Bassett. At the end of this term, in the spring of 1834, when he was pre- paring to return to Hudson, a mere accident, with- out previous thought or calculation, ended his plan of completing a classical education, determined his profession and settled the course of his whole life. Accidentally meeting an old college friend who was designed for the l«ir, and who had been a year with Joshua R. Giddings and Benjamin F. Wade (wlio have since acquired such marked distinction) his friend advised him to give up the college, and go back with him to Ashtabula county and read law. He re- ceived the proposal with the utmost astonishment, knowing absolutely nothing of courts, law or lawyers; but having a vague idea that a college graduation was indispensable to such an undertaking. His friend knew liow to correct this impression, and so etfectu- ully to remove other objections that a single night's reflection decided him to go to wliat then seemed a distant point, where he had never been, and where he knew no one, having until the day before never heard even the names of the lawyers whose office he proposed to enter. His reception and treatment were, however, such as to make the two and a half years ensuing the most enjoyable and piofitable of his life, and resulted in the formation of personal frioiidshii)s between him and liis instructors and fellow students which no sub- sequent events ever impaired. The study of jurisprudence as a science was so ex- actly suited to his tastes that a constant incentive existed to master its fundamental principles, which he accomplished so thoroughly as to account for the ease and readiness with which he has ever used tiiem. In the fall of 183G he was admitted to the bar of the supreme court, and soon after located at Warren, in the then large county of Trumbull, where he com- menced practice alone. But in the course of the en- suing winter, the firm of Giddings & Wade being dissolved and Mr. Giddings elected to Congress, at the earnest request of his old preceptor, Mr. Wade, he returned to Jefferson and foi-med with him the partnership of Wade & Ranney, which lasted for ten years, and until Mr. Wade was elected a judge of the court of common pleas. During this period he married a daughter of Judge Jonathan Warner, and in 184.5 he took up his resi- dence again in Warren. The firm of Wade & Ranney was rather noted for the extent of its business than for the gains from it, and at its conclusion, such was the confidence of the partners in each other, its affairs were settled by simply passing mutual receipts. In addition to the heavy labor which their practice im- posed, neither of the partners neglected the interests of the political party to which they respectively be- longed. The junior, from his majority, was an ar- dent Democrat of the Jefferson and Jackson school, and without a thought for his personal interests or prospects he cast his lot with the small minority then comprising the party in this part of the State, and at once became one of the leading advocates of its doctrines. Without any hope of local preferment, it was nevertheless a settled principle with the leaders that in aid of the general State ticket the best local nominations should be made, and that those who urged others to stand by the cause should, without a murmur, take such jjositions as their associates as- signed them. In accordance with this idea, Mr. Ranney was first nominated for the State senate, but was obliged to decline because he was not of an age to be constitu- tionally eligible. He was three times a candidate for Congress; once in 1842 in the Ashtabula district, then including this county and Geauga: and in 1846 and 1848 in the Trumbull district, which embraced also the counties of Portage and Summit. But his exer- tions were not limited to law and politics. Conscious of the deficiency of his general education, he resolved to supply it so far as possible by individual exertion. While he was yet a student, availing himself of the aid of a French scholar and his books, he had com- menced the study of that language, and from that day to this has constantly read a French newspaper, and the solid literary and scientific productions of French authors, including the Code Napoleon and the commentaries upon it, in the language in which they were composed. After the dissolution of the firm of Wade & Ranney he continued the practice alone until 1850, and in tiie spring of that year, in connection with the late Judge Peter Hitchcock and Jacob Perkins, he was elected, by a large majority, a member from the counties of Trumbull and Geauga of the convention called to revise the constitution of the State. In that conven- tion, comprising, as is well known, a very able body of men, he served upon the judiciary committee, and was chairman of the committee on revision, to which the phraseology and arrangement of the whole instru- ment was committed. He took a very active part in the debates upon most of the important questions considered, and may be said to have done as much as any one to impress ujjon the instrument those po])U- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 399 lar features which have ever since made it acceptable to the people of the State. Iniinecliately after the adjournment of tlie conven- tion, in the spring of 1851, when he had just returned to liis neglected practice, and without any previous knowledge on liis part that a vacancy existed, he learned of his election, by the legislature then in ses- sion, as a judge of the supreme court of the State, at the same joint session at which his old preceptor and partner was first elected to the United States Senate. Tiie new constitution being afterwards adopted by the people, he was elected to the same position, in the fall of the same year, by a majority of over forty thousand votes, and continued to discharge its duties, l>oth in the district and supreme courts, until shortly before the expiration of his term, in the winter of 18.50, when he resigned. He soon after associated liimseif with F. T. Backus and C. W. Noble in the practice oflavv in Cleveland, and about the same time was appointed, by the President, United States attor- ney for this district; but as the appointment, which iiad been wholly unsolicited, proved to be too much in the way of his more important civil business and not suited to his tastes, he resigned it a few months after- ward. Nothing further occurred to interfere witli the large and increasing business of his firm until 1859, when the State convention of his party unanimously and very unexpectedly placed him m nomination for governor. The canvass was a very sjiirited one, and was attended with the unusual feature of a joint discussion between him and his competitor at many of the important points in the State; but tlie Re- publican party retained its ascendancy, and he was defeated. On the breaking out of the civil war, which he did everything in his power to avert, he became sat- isfied that arms must settle the conflict, and that the jn-eservation of the Union depended upon making it as short and decisive as possible; and to this end, in the spring of ISfl:^, he readily accepted the invitation of fiovernorTod, and, in connection with Hon. Thomas Ewing and Samuel Galloway, addressed tlie people at several jjoints in the middle and southern portions of tlie State, to encourage enlistments. In the same year he and his partner, Mr. Backus, were nominated as opposing candidates for the supreme bench. Not desiring the place, and liaving a very high opinion of the qualifications of Mr. Backus for it, he declined the nomination, but his party not ac(juiescing his name was kept upon the ticket, and in tlie fall he found himself again elected to the position. He took his seat and remained two years, when, convinced that duty to his family re- quired it, he very reluctantly resigned, resolved to devote himself exclusively to his profession, to wliich resolution he has steadily adiiered; holding no pub- lic position in the time, except that of president of the State board of Centennial managers, for the Phil- adelphia exposition. The result has been that, in addition to his large practice in the courts of his own State, his engagements in important cases have ex- tended into several other States, and into all the courts. State and Federal, where such cases are dis- posed of ; and, while he is very far from having amassed a fortune, he has so far succeeded, without ever embarking in any speculation, and from the avails of his labor alone, as to have acquired a compe- tency, which with his disregard of all sliow, and his economical habits, places him in a position of com- plete independence. Of one so well known as he is, but little need be added. That he has discharged the duties of every position in which he has been placed with distin- guished ability and strict integrity, no one that has ever known him well will deny. As an advocate and jurist he has had very few if any superiors among his contemporaries, while his recorded judicial opinions upon many great questions that arose during his ser- vice upon the bench are conceded to be models of clearness, learning and force, and especially distin- guished for the broad and comprehensive principles upon which his reasoning is generally founded. In the very best sense of ^the words, he is a speci- men of a self-made man; and his history furnishes additional evidence that integrity of purpose, when coupled with perseverance and assiduous labor, will overcome all the difficulties which may beset the path of the young American, and enable him to fully fit himself for honorable and useful positions in society. History of Cuyahoga County, PART THIRD: THE TOWNSHIPS. The Townships of Cuyahoga County. CHAPTER L XIX. BEDFORD. Ijocation— Surface — Soil — Tinker's Creek— Picturesque Scenery — The Pioneers— The First Settlers— Rapid House-building— Parker's Tav- ern—A Mighty Hunter— The First Child— First Settler in the North- west—Getting Plenty of Food— First Permaneut Resident at the t'luter- Other Settlers before 1823— Householders in 1S30— Civil Gov- ernments First Officers— List of Officers- Cemetery— Town Hall— The Village— Location and Appearance— The Beginning— The Laying Out -The Incori)oration - Officers since IKOO— Posi Office- Stores— Hotels - Physicians- Bedford Intellingencer— Early Mills— Woolen Factory- Pail Factory— Tannery— Foundry— The Rolling Mill— Machine Shop- Chair Factories — Schools— ITnion School— Cliurch of Christ — First Baptist Church— Methodist Church — Episcopal Church — Masonic Lodge. This towiisliip lies on the Summit couuty line, oust of IiKlcpcndence and south of Warrensville. On tiiu cast it is bounded by the township of Solon. It is known in the survey as township number six in range eleven. When it was organized for civil pur- poses, in 1823, it received its present name at the suggestion of Daniel Benedict, in compliment to the l)lace of his nativitj' — Bedford, Connecticut. Along the strciims the surface of the township is somewhat broken, but in other parts it is generally level. Being also quite elevated, Bedford is a very healthy township. Heavy forests originally covered the ground, but these have been generally removed, although tiie appearance of the country is yet pleas- antly diversified by bodies of timber which have been allowed to remain in their primitive beauty. The soil is variable, but is usually a light loam. It is generally free from stones, and may be cultivated with case. It is fertile, and yields the ordinary j)ro- diicts of this part of the State, but dairying has, to a large extent, become the chief industrial pursuit of the inhabitants. Tinker's Creek is the principal stream.* It Hows from Solon in a westerly course, south of the center of Bedford, to the Cuyahoga, into which it empties in the township of Independence. Its channel is very deep and rugged, forming in places chasms several hundred feet deep, which have almost perpendicular banks of shale or sand rock, and present a grand and pictures<|ue appearance. Along a [lart of its course through the township, the scenery for varied and at- tractive beauty is seldom surpas.sed. The volume of " For the origin of this name, see page 43. the stream is not so great as formerly, but it yet af- fords good water power, which has been well utilized. The other streams of the township are small brooks, which ilow into this creek from the north. PIOXEER SETTLERS. About 1810 the township was surveyed into one hundred lots, numbered from the northwest, but no speedy attempt at settlement followed. In 1813 Elijah Nobles settled on Tinker's creek near the line of Independence, and was jirobably the first 2noneer of Bedford. He was a man of loose business habits, and soon found himself reduced to extreme poverty with a very heavy incumbrance on his land. As it did not seem possible for him to retain his home there, one of the Iludsous, of Hudson, who was related to him, offered him a part of lot forty-six (at the center), if he would make certain improvements on it. With this purpose he moved to what is uoav the vil- lage of Bedford, in November, 1815, and was the first man who lived there. His neighbors in Independence turned out to the number of eighteen, and in a single day built him a cabin from the trees growing on the spot, leaving the family there at night nearly three miles from any other occupied house. Nobles re- mained all winter at the center, but the following spring he returned to his old place on the creek, and not long after removed to another part of the State. A part of his property on Tinker's creek passed into the hands of Adams & Starr, who built there the first mills in the township, and another part became the home of Cardee Parker who opened the first tavern, (although Nobles may have entertained oc- casional travelers.) Parker's tavern became (piito famous in its way, and after liis death, was continued by his widow, who was widely known as Mother Parker. After the canal was built she removed to Independence, and opened a public house there. Several months after the settlement of Nobles at the center, Benjamin Fitch, who came to Independ- ence in 1813, Sf|uatted on a piece of land in that lo- cality, but after Nobles had left he, too, became dis- couraged and moved back to the creek. He sold his " betterments" to Wetherby Nye, but the land ulti- mately became the property of Joseph Goodale, who purchased it of the proprietors. In the course of (403) 404 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. the year Fitch returned to the center and built a new cabin on the eastern part of the site of the vil- hige, where he lived a number of years, but finally made a permanent settlement on lot fifteen. He was jirobably the greatest hunter that ever lived in the township, being so uniformly successful that some of his less fortunate neighbors used to " change works" with him — they clearing his land for him while he provided them with game. He was also well known as a maker of splint-bottom chairs, and some of these useful articles made by him, over sixty years ago, are yet in existence in the township. In the latter part of his life he moved to Indiana, where he died. He had three sons, named .Joseph, George C, and Andrew G. The latter was born at the center in 1818, being the first child born in that locality. His two daughters yet live in Bedford, Harriet being the wife of W. 0. Taylor. Benoni Brown settled in the southwestern part of the township about 1815, but removed in the course of ten years. At the old mill, in the Tinker's creek settlement, Timothy Wasliburne lived at a very early day, but did not remain long. He was the first blacksmith in Bedford. In this locality also Stephen Comstock settled in 1814, and a daughter, Sarah, born soon after, was the first child born in the town- ship. The family also comprised two other daugh- ters, and two sons named Charles and Stephen. Stephen Comstock, Sr., was probably the first settler of Bedford who retained a permanent residence. A little later James Orr made some improvements in the same locality, but also removed before 1830. About 1818 Moses Gleeson likewise settled there. He was an enterprising citizen, and reared seven sons, named Edwin, Elias, Charles, William, Moses, Sar- dis and Lafayette, and three daughters. In April, 1819, Samuel Barnes, of Vermont, came from Newburg, where he had settled in 1817, and located in the northwest part of Bedford, but after- wards settled at the village. He died in ISlovember, 1872, but Mrs. Barnes is yet living, and is the earliest surviving settler of the township. They reared a son, Orville, and two daughters. One of them, Cordelia, was born in June 1819, hers being one of the first births in the township. The following year and the year after, Moses Bar- num, Abijah S. Baruuai and Prentice B. Eoss set- tled on the Newburg road, but at least two of them moved away at an early date. In 1820 Jason Shep- ard located on lot two, where he lived until after 1830, when he removed to Newburg. It is related of him that while he was out hunting he shot a black bear which was helping himself to the wild honey from a " bee tree," which also became the prize of the hunter; and, returning homo, shot a deer and some wild turkeys near his house, which was certain- ly obtaining a pretty good supjily of food for one day. He had a son, Elias, who is yet a citizen of Newburg. John Dunham settled in the northwestern part of the township about 1821, and died there in 1850, leaving seven sons, named Ambrose, Chester, Alonzo , John, Asa, Jehiel and Lorenzo. Of these, Asa, who resides on Dunham street, is the only one living in the township. Wetherby Nye became a resident of Bedford about the same time, and after living in va- rious places finally located in the western part of the township, where he died in 1877. Nathaniel K. Joy lived in the same neighborhood as early as 1822, but soon moved away. On lot four Solomon White was an early settler, locating on the present Libbey farm. Samuel Morton lived in the same neighborhood in 1822, but after a few years moved to Canada. In 1823 Stephen Robinson located on the present Comstock place, on lot twelve, where he died in 1832. He had eight sons, named Daniel, Nathan, Isaac, Ebenezer, Ezra, Nathaniel, John and Newman. The latter is the only one remaining in the township; John lives in West Cleveland; and Ezra in Brooklyn. John White was a neighbor of the Robinsons before 1823, and died in that locality. He reared two sons, named William G. and Charles. Daniel Benedict settled at the village of Bedford in 1821, and was the first permanent resident there. His family consisted of eight sous: Darius, Ralph, Julius, Sillock, Jndson, James, Rodolphus, Pliinam- ber and Allison. Phinamber is the only one living in the county, he being yet a resident of the village. A little later Moses Higby settled in the southwestern jmrt of the township, where he remained until his death. Others living in the township before 1823 were Jared Barnes, Barzilla Burk, William Dunshee, La- ban Ingersoll, John Johnson, John Marvin and Peter Comstock. Within a few years came Philo Barnes, Justus Remington, George M. Payne, Luther and Ziba Willis, Daniel Gould, Hiram Spofford, Barney Cobb, Enoch Allen and Nathaniel C. Hains. In 1830 the householders of the township were as follows: John Libbey, Noah Sawyer, Alfred Dunham, Jason Shepard, Charles Goodrich, Enos Hollister, A. S. Barnum, John Dunham, Wetherby Nye, Eli Burke, Alvah Hollister, Hiram Ostrandcr, Stephen Robinson, James Titus, Julius S. Benedict, Oliver B. Robinson. Daniel Gould, Luther Willis, Darius Warner, William Dunshee, Ralph R. Benedict, Samuel Barnes, Abra- ham Turner, Joseph Skinner, Josei)h Goodale, John White, Justus Remington, Nathaniel C. Haines, George M. Payne, Enoch Allen, James Griffith, Bar- ney Cobb, Daniel Benedict, Hiram SpafFord, Benja- min Fitch, Erastus Ives, Jared Skinner, Ziba Willis, Daniel Mora, Moses Kirby, Lyman Eldred, Curtis Wells, Daniel Chase, John L. Willard, Alviu Davis, Danforth Cliamberlain, Aaron Warner, John Hill, Mary Ann Parker, Silas Lindslej, Moses Gleason, Peter McArthur, John Schooley, Nathaniel H. Joy, Stephen Comstock, James Hughes, Wm. Currier, Isaac Leach, Isaac D. Leach. After 1830 the immigration was very large, and the township, although yet new, was soon quite BEDFORD. 405 densely po])ulated. In 1847 Bedford had three hun- dred and twenty voters. ( IVIL (JUVERXMENT. Agreeably to an order of the cominissiouers of Cuyahoga county, the inhabitants of the present township of Bedford assembled at the house of Pren- tice B. Boss, April 7, ]823, to elect township officers. John Dunham, Daniel Benedict and Aaron Shepard were appointed judges; Laban Ingersoll and A. S. Harnum, clerks. The officers elected were as fol- lows: Trustees, Daniel Benedict, James Orr, Laban Ingersoll; clerk, Abijali 8. Barnum; treasurer, John Dunham; constables and listers, Peter Comstock, Darius R, Benedict; fence viewers. Prentice B. Ross, Wctherby Xye; overseers of the poor, Barzilla B. Burk, Stephen Comstock; road supervisors, Daniel Benedict, James Orr, Barzilla B. Burk. Jonathan Fisher, a justice of the peace of the county, qualified the clerk to perform the duties of his office. A meeting to elect a justice of the peace for Bed- ford was held July 10, 1823, when John Dunhan: received seventeen votes; Daniel Benedict, eleven; and A. Shepard, one. Dunham declined to serve, and on the 9th of August another election was held which resulted in the choice of James Orr; he having received twenty-five votes. The justices in 1879 are A. M. Whi taker and E. U. Hammond. It is impos- sible to compile even a reasonably full list of those wiio have served as justices in tlie intermediate period; even as to other officers it is very difficult, some of the records having been destroyed or mislaid. As near as can be ascertained they have been as follows: 1K23. Trustees, Daniel Beuediet, James Orr, Laban lugereoll; clerk, .\bijah S. Barnum; treasurer, John Dunham. IsxM. Trustees, Daniel Benedict. John Dunham. Stephen Comstock; clerk, Benjamin Kitch; treasurer, .John Dunham. ISi'J. Trustees, Jason Shepard. I'hilo Barnes, Stephen Comstock; clerk, Daniel Benedict; treasurer. James Orr. 1826. Trustees, Jason Shciiard, Pliilo Barnes, Stephen Comstock; clerk, A. S. Barnum; treasurer, James Orr. IH:^ and 1828— records missing. 1S2!). Trustees, Enoch Allen, George M. Payne. Justus Remington; clerk, A. S. Barnum; treasurer, Luther Willis. ISittt. Trustees, James Titus, Alvin Davis, Justus Remington; clerk, A. S. Barnum; treasurer, Enos Hollister. I8;J1. Trustees, Thomas Marble, Hiram Spafford, Curtis Wells; clerk, .lohn F. Willard; treasurer, Enos Hollister. 18:12. Tinistees, Daniel Brooks, William Hamilton, James Titus; clerk, A. S. Barnum; treasurer, Enos Hollister. IXJ;1 Trustees, Luther Willis, .\ugustine Collins, Abial Newton; clerk, A. S. Barnum: treasurer, David B. Dunham. IXU. Trustees, George 31. Payne. Augustine Collins, Rufus Libby; clerk, A. S. Banium; treasurer, David B. Dunham. 18:15. Trustees, Otis Button, Augustine Collins, Rufus Libby; clerk, Enoch Allen; treasurer. David B. Dunham. I8;jti. Trustees, Otis Button, Augustine Collins, Amos Belding; cle'rk, Geo. M. Pay ne ; treasurer, David B. Dunham. 1837, Trustees, Daniel Gould, John Culver, Amos Belding; clerk, JusiiisRemmgton; treasurer, Geo. M. Payne. 18:J8. Trustees, Daniel Gould, Matthew Drening, Amos Belding; clerk, Justus Remington; treasurer, Geo. M. Payne. 1839. Trustees, Daniel Gould, Wm. Morse, Matthew Drening; clerk, .John P. Robinson; treasurer, N. C. Hains. 1810. Tiustees, Rufus Libby, Julius S. Benedict, Matthew Drening: clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, N.C. Hains. 1841. Trustees, Justus Remington, Sidney Smith, J. S. Benedict; clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, N. C. Hains. 1842. Trustees, Justus Remington, A. CoUlns, S. Pease: clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, X. Hamlin. 18«. Trustees, J. Montgomery. A. Collins, John Libby; clerk, B. 3L Hutchinson ; treasurer, N. P. Benedict. l&H. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer, W. B. Hillman. 1845. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin: clerk, Lee Lord: treasurer, F. H. Cannon. 1846. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, X. Hamlin; clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer, Wm. B. Hillman. 1847. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamhn; clerk, Leo Lord; treasurer. Wm. B. Hillman. IMS. Trustees, Otis Button, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer. Wm. B Hillman. 1849. Trustees, Otis Button, Asa Marble, Sidney Smith; clerk, Leo Lord; treasurer, F. H, Cannon. 1850. Nelson Hamlin, Rufus Libby, Chauncy Osborne: clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer, F. H. Cannon. 1851. Trustees. Hiram Bacon, Rufus Libby, Hiram Smith; clerk, A. M. Wliitaker; treasurer. F, H, Cannon. 1852. Trustees. Hiram Bacon, Benj. Samson, Hiram Smith; clerk, George Fuller; treasurer, F. H. Cannon, 1853. Trustees, Hiram Smith, Asa Dunham, Silas Gray; clerk, L. D. Benedict; treasurer. L. D. Hathwa.v. 1854. Trustees, Julius S. Benedict, Asa Dunham, George Lathrop; clerk, L. D. Benedict; treasurer, L. D. Hathaway. 18.55. Trustees, Jacob Flick, Jr.. Wra. King, George Lathrop; clerk, Wm, H. May; treasurer. L, D. Hathaway, la^U, Trustees. Jacob Flick. Jr., Caswell Wright, Joel Nelson: clerk, Wm. H, May; treasurer. A, H, Comstock, 1857, Trustees. Asa Dunham, Wm, King, Caswell Wright; clerk, Wm. H. May; treasurer, A. H. Comstock. 1858 and 59. (Records missing) . ISW, Trustees, Asa Dunham, James S, Benedict, George Lathrop; clerk, A. M. Whitaker: treasurer, A. H. Comstock. 1861. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Wm. King. L. Tarbell; clejk. A. B, Hubbell; treasurer. Levi Marble, 1862, Trustees, Wm, King, R, S. Benedict, D, D, Robinson; clerk, A. M. Whitaker; treasurer, Levi Marble. 18&S. Trustees, James S. Benedict, Sidney Smith, Edwin F. Wheeler; clerk, H. J. Hanmiond; treasurer, Levi Marble. 1864, Trustees, S, A, Clark, James Egbert, Benj. Lemoin; clerk, Sid- ney Smith; treasurer, Levi Marble. 1865, Trustees. Horace Herrimau, Vincent Salsbury. Benj, Lenioiu; clerk, Sidney Smith ; ti easurer, Levi Marble, 1866, Trustees, Asa Dunham, H, A. Wise, Benj. Lemoin; clerk, Henry Freeman; treasui'er, Levi Marble, 1867, Trustees, Asa Dunham, James E bert, T, B. Patterson; clerk, Sidney Smith ; treasurer. Levi Marble, 1868, Trustees, Asa Dunham, B. Lemoin, T. B. Patterson; clerk, Sid- ney Smith; treasurer, Levi Marble. 1869, Trustees, James Egbert, James Mathew, Geo. Lamg; clerk, Sidney Smith; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield, 1870, Trustees, James Egbert, James Mathew. Joseph Mathew; clerk, W, S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield. 1871, Trustees. James Egbert. Reuben Parkinson, Josejdi Mathew: clerk, J. R. Tudor; treasurer. J, H. Wakefield, 1872, Trustees, Asa Dunham, Reuben Parkinson, Levi Marble; clerk. J. R, Tudor; treasurer, J, H, Wakefield, 1873, Trustees, Asa Dunham. Reuben Parkinson, Levi Marble; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer. J. H. Wakefield, 1874, Treasurer. R, J. Hathaway. Reuben Parkinsou, I^evi Marble: clerk, W, S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield, 1875, Trustees, Asa Dunham, H. D, Lathrop, E, M. Libby; ilerk, W, S, Warner; treasurer, J, H, Wakefield, 1876, Trustees. JVC, Walton, H. D, Lathrop, E, M, Libby: clerk, W. S, Warner; treasurer, J, H. Wakefield. 1877, Trustees, J, C, Walton, Johnson McFarland, E, M, Libby; clerk, W, S, Warner; treasurer, .1. H, Wakefield, 1878, Trustees. J, C, Walton. Johnson McFarland, H. D. Lathrop; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H, Wakefielil, 1879, Trustees, J. C. Walton, Johnson McFarland. H, D. Lathrop; clerk, W, S. Warner; treasurer, J, H, Wakefield. CEMETERY AND TOWN HALL. In 1857 the township appropriated five liiimlrcd dollars to purchase a tract of ground for burial jiur- poscs. A lot of three and one-third acres was selected in the southeastern part of the village, whicJi has been well fenced, laid out in blocks, planted wilii fine trees, and a vault provided. The township also fur- nished a hearse and provided the services of a se.xton. The cemetery contains some very fine monuments, and has become the general place of interment of tiie peo2)le of the township. 406 THE TO WIs' SHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. On the 30th of May, 1874, the trustees of Bedford contracted with David Law, of Willoughby, to build a town hall at the village, for $13,500. The hall was subsequently seated and furnished, making the entire cost about ^15,000. Tlie building is three stories high, with a Mansard roof of figured slate, and has a very attractive appearance. The lower stoi'y is fitted up for townsh'p offices, and has a room in which the general meetings are held. It was first occupied for this purpose in the spring of 1875. The second story forms a public hall, for lectures, concerts, and other occasions; and the third story has been fitted up by the Masons for the use of their order. The hall is an appropriate monument to the enterprise and progres- sive spirit of the people of Bedford. PlIiLIC TUOROUGUFARES. The first roads of Bedford were merely underbrushed paths, but afterwards, when the township was organ- ized, the people went to work in earnest to improve them. The State road, passing through the township diagonally from southeast to northwest, was built about 1830, and at once became a popular thorough- fare, and is still the prinei})al highway of the town- ship. The other highways were in due time improved, the low places being turupiked. At present the roads are in a very fine condition, and in 1879 were in charge of the following supervisors: William Trimple, C. Wright, Ceorge Nichols, J. H. Stohlman, George Laing, David Winders, James Rees, D. Wells and Amos Allen. In the spring of 1849 ground was broken in Bed- ford for the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad, aud in 1852 the road was fully opened for traffic. It has a length in Bedford of about seven miles, and at the village a good station has been provided. The rail- road bridge across Tinker's creek is a very fine piece of massive stone masonry, more than one hundred feet high. About the same time that the railroad was built, the Twinsburg and Bedford plank road was constructed; aud at a little later date the Cleveland and Mahoning railroad was opened through the north- eastern part of the township. The plank road was abandoned about ISijo. I'.EDl'ORI) VILEACJE. This is chieily situated on lot forty-six, near the center of the township. It is located mainly on the north bank of Tinker's creek, which there flows through a deep gorge, the sides of which are almost perpendicular walls of rock, partly bare aud joartly covered with trees aud shrubs, and presenting a very picturesque appearance. At a bend of the creek, on lot fifty-six, the first effort to start a village was made about 1826 by Luther Willis. He was the owner of water-jiower which had been employed to operate machinery, but beyond the building of a few houses nothing resulted from the endeavors of the proi^rietor. After 1830 Hezekiah Dunham became the owner of a large tract of land farther north, aud mainly o lot forty-six, a portion of which he caused to be sur- veyed for a village in December, 1834. The plat was made by John C. Sill, and embraced a number of lots south of the jiresent village park (which was at that time devoted to the public use), and west of the turnpike road. Lots were also set aside for a hall for town meetings, and the several religious societies each received a building site. This liberal spirit, and other inducements held out by the proprietors, caused a number of improvements to be made, neces- sitating, in 1836, an addition of lots on the east side of the turnpike, which was also made by the Dun- hams. Other additions were made by the owners of adjoining real estate from time to time, until the area of the village has been greatly extended. It is not compactly built, and since the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad located a station here, in 1852, it has partaken somewhat of the characteristics of a suburban village in relation to Cleveland. It is only six miles distant from the limits of that city, and has a population of about eight hundred. The village contains a very fine jjublic hall,' a Methodist, a Disci- ple, a Baj)tist and a Presbyterian church, an elegant Union School building, a number of comfortable resi- dences, and the various establishments inentioned a little further on. Bedford was incorporated according to the provis- ions of an act of the general assembly, passed March 15, 1837, which set forth "that so much of the townshij) of ]?edford, in the county of Cuyahoga, as herein described, viz.: The whole of lots forty-five, forty-six and fifty-six, and that part of lot fifty-five which lays northeast of Tinker's creek; also a strip thirty-two rods width off the south end of lot thirty- six, and a strip of thirty-two rods width off the south end of lot thirty-five, west as far as the west line of Justus Remington's laud, be and the same is hereby created a town corjiorate, and shall hereafter be known by the name and title of the 'Town of Bedford.'" An election of a mayor, a recorder, and five trustees was ordered to be holden the following April, aud yearl}' thereafter. The mayor chosen was George M. Payne; the recorder, David B. Dunham. All the records prior to 1860 have been destroyed by fire, so that no complete list of officers can be given. The village allowed its first charter to lapse, and on the 3d day of May, 1852, a new act of incor- poration was granted, with the limits before given, which yet remain as originally fixed. Since 1859 the principal officers have been as fol- lows: 1860, J. C. Cleveland, mayor; A. M. Whita- ker, recorder. 1861, J. C. Cleveland, mayor; W. L. Lord, recorder. 1862, L. D. Benedict, mayor; C. A. Ennis, recorder. 1863 & 64, F. H. Cannon, mayor; S. P. Gray, recorder. 1865. B. J. Wheelock, mayor; Sidney Smith, recorder. 1866, R. C. Smith, mayor; H. Freeman, recorder. 1867, A. J. Wells, mayor; Sidney Sniitii, recorder. 1868, Benjamin Lemoin, mayor; Sidney Smith, recorder. 1869 to 1873, C. A. Ennis, mayor; A. M. Whitaker, recorder. 1874 BEDFORD. 40: to 1875, C. A. Ennis, mayor; L. P. Whitaker, re- corder. 187fi to 1877, D. B. Dunham, mayor; W. S. Warner, recorder. 1878, V. A. Taylor, mayor; W. S. Warner, recorder. In 1S79 the village ofScers were as follows: V. A. Taylor, mayor; W. S. Warner, recorder; M. L. Ilil- liard, C. B. Marble, J. C. Nelson, C. A. Ennis, John II. Gause, J. H. Lamson, couucilmen; Robert Forbes, treasurer; II. P. Bredes, marshal. A tax of three and one-half mills was levied on the valuation of the village for all the purposes of the corporation in 1879. I'OST OFFIf!E, STORES AND HOTELS. The Bedford post office dates from about 182G. Zilia Willis was the first postmaster. His successor in 1833 was D. B. Dunham, who held the office until 1S42. At that time there was one mail per day, by stage; the arrival varied from two to ten hours, ac- cording to the condition of the roads. The successors of Mr. Dunham have been J. P. Robinson, R. D. Benedict, Leverett Tarbell, Levi Marble, and the pres- ent postmaster, Charles B. Marble. The office enjoys good mail privileges. The first store in the village, and also the first in the township, was opened by David B. Dunham, in November, 1831, in a building which stood at the forks of the road, opposite the present hotel. He occupied that building eight years, when he removed to a fine stone block, which stood just north of his present residence, and which was occupied by him when it was destroyed by fire in June, 1878. In tliat building was transacted, for a number of years, a business which aggregated more than ^100,000 per year, and which made Bedford one of the best trading ])oints in the county, outside of Cleveland. Other prt)ininent merchants have been F. II. Cannon, J. P. Robinson, W. B. llillman. Paddock & Esselstyne, (leorge M. Payne, Zaehariah Paddock, Chester Ham- ilton, Watson I. Gray, M. B. Dawson, Leverett Tnr- liell, A. H. Comstock, James Thompson, L. D. Hathaway, L. P. Gray, etc. The present merchants are Newman Robinson, since 1845; Robert Forbes, since 18G5; C. B. Marble, L. C. Hains, Joseph Ilains, C. H. Dustin and J. R. Tudor & Co. Enoch Allen had the first public house in the vil- lage, about 1820, near the present chair factories. He was followed by Amos Belden and others. In 1832 Calvin Barnes put up a good hotel, north of the park which was widely known as the "Checkered House." Among other keepers were Silas Gray and George Lathrop. In 1871 the house was destroyed by fire, ill 1S32, also, the present "Fountain House" was- liuilt by Levi Marble, who kept it a few years, and was followed by Abner Heston and others. The present proprietor is Charles Turner, and it is thi only hotel in the i)lace. Formerly hotels were kept in the stone block and at other places; the village luiving, at one time, had five public houses. PHYSICIANS AND THE PRESS. Dr. J. M. Turner, who came about 1828 iind lived a little south of the village, was the first physician and was in practice about five years. Dr. Charles Goodrich came about 1830, but fell a victim to the cholera in 1833; Dr. J. P. Robinson was in practice from January, 1833, till his removal to Cleveland in 1805. Dr. D. G. Streetereame in 184.5, and remained until his death, October, 1878, and Dr. S. M. Tarbell was one of his contemporaries. Others, formerly in jiractice, were Doctors A. W. Oliver, Noble H. E^inney, Brainard, Gerold and B. M. Hutchinson. The present physicians are Doctors C. M. Ilawley, N. A. Dalrymplc Daniels, and N. B. Ai'mstrong. The veteran Dr. T. Garlick, for many years one of Cleveland's most eminent surgeons, is a retired citi- 7,en of the village. In 1838 John Ilammon, of Ravenna, began the publication of the Bedford Intdliyencer, a small sheet devoted to local news and the interests of the Demo- cratic party. In five years it was discontinued, and the place has since been without a paper. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. Tlie first manufacturing in the township was on Tinker's creek, near the line of Independence. tSome- time about 1815 two men, ntimed Adams and Starr, put up a sawmill and a gristmill, both small, at a point about thirty rods above the mills now situated in that locality. The first mills were suffered to go down, and in 1820 Culverson and Boland improved the present site. The mills erected by them soon after became the property of Moses Gleeson, and have since been operated by him and his family. About 1831 Daniel Benedict built a sawmill, and soon after a carding machine, on Tinker's creek, near the State road, at Bedford village. These were de- stroyed by fire, but on the site there is now a saw- mill, belonging to Henry Wick. Below this jioint Luther Willis built mills in 1825, which are at pre- sent operated by Levi Marble. Near by is a building in which blinds were formerly made and which, at a later day, was a chair factory, but which is at present little used. Farther down the stream, and just inside the cor- porate limits of Bedford village, Stephen C. Powers built aud set in operation a woolen factory, in 1842, which was in operation about fifteen years. Here, also, was formerly a sawmill; but at present the power is unemployed. In 1843 a pail factory was built by Lee Lord and E]iioch Allen, which was car- ried on successfully a few years but was then de- stroyed by fire. Formerly a brush factory gave em- ployment to a number of men, but after a short season it was removed. As early as 1832 Allen Robinette put up a small tannery which, since 1840, has been carried on by 408 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Hinman Robinson. About 1845 Robinson & Hill- man engaged in tanning on a large scale, but after a few years operation the enterprise was abandoned. Al)out 1840 Comstock, Kirkham & Dickey put up a foundry near tlie creek, which was burned. It was subsequently rebuilt near the railroad, where it re- mained in operation until 1868, when it was again destroyed by fire. In 1866 the citizens of Bedford formed themselves into an association for the purpose of establishing a rolling mill. A large capital stock was subscribed, and H. N. Slade chosen the first president. A good mill was built near the railroad bridge, in which from fifty to seventy-five hands were employed. The mill became the property of E. W. John about 18G9, and subsequently was owned by the " Leetonia Iron and Coal Company," which also failed. After standing idle a few years, it was purchased by parties resi- dent in Massillon, who removed it to that place, where it is now in operation. During the time it was carried on at Bedford, it is estimated the place sus- tained a direct and indirect loss of more than two hundred thousand dollars, Avhich was chargeable to that source, while the benefit derived from it was very slight. A machine shop for general iron work was built about 1854 by M. A. Purdy & Son, near the above site, which was last carried on by C. Purdy. In July, 1875, the establishment was totally destroyed by fire. THE BEDFORD CHAIR FACTORIES. These have for many years been among the princi- pal industries of the place, and arc the only ones which have survived the mutations of time. In 1851 B. J. Wheelock began the manufacture of cane-seated chairs in the old building by the mill, having at first a force of five men. Changes in the firm fol- lowed, and the capacity of the shop was largely in- creased, more than twenty men being employed. In 1855 B. J. Wheelock and L. P. Osborne built a large factory on the hill north of the old establishment, the latter being continued meanwhile by Lord, Park & Co. and others. In 1858 the new shops were en- larged by the firm of Wheelock & Wright, and about the same time M. A. Purdy & Son erected a new shop devoted to the chair business, in the same locali- ty, and operated it a number of years. In 1867 the different chair manufacturers in the village united their interests and formed the Bedford Chair Com- pany. Another building was then erected to connect the two factories on the hill, the establishment then being made to assume the shape it now has. At thai time about fifty men were employed. At present the factory is operated by Wheelock & Co., on a mort limited scale, in the manufacture of single cane-seated work only. As early as 1833 Benjamin Fitch carried on tlu manufacture of splint-bottom chairs at his home in the northern part of the township, on lot fifteen. Here W. 0. Taylor learned the chair-maker's trade. and in 1844 began work on his own account. In 1863 he erected a shop in this locality, in which he shortly after began the manufacture of cane-seated chairs, although still continuing to make sj)lint work. In 1874 his factory was removed to Bedfoi'd village, where the business has since been very successfully carried on by W. O. Taylor & Son. At present they occujiy a large building more than one hundred feet long, with several capacious wings, in which sixty men are employed, nearly as many more persons being given employment outside of the factory, in weaving and braiding chair seats. The work of this factory has attained a wide reputation, and in 1876 was awarded the medal at the Centennial Exhiljition. More than forty styles of single and double-seated cane work are made, and the demand for the wares of the factory is so great that it is taxed to its utmost to supjjly it. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. The records of the township are silent in regard to the early condition of the public'schools, nothing of interest but a list of teachers prior to 1840 being obtainable. This includes the names of Miss Barnes, H. L. Sill, C. Ruggles, R. Root, W. Johnson, D. Baldwin, M. Smith, Polly Allen, Betsey Predner, Mary Ann Sill, Laura Gould, Mary McCartney, Mariah Peck and L. Ruggles. In 1848 there were eleven districts in the township, having an aggregate of six hundred and sixty-two children of school age. The school fund amounted to $665.40. Thirty years later there were two fractional dis- tricts and eight sub-districts, in addition to the Union School of Bedford village. Not including the latter, the expenditure for school purposes were 13,441.56. Thirty-three weeks of school were maintained, and the aggregate enrollment was one hundred and ninety- six boys and one hundred and seventy-five girls. The average attendance was nearly three hundred, all the scholars being engaged in the study of the common branches, except two. The average wages of the male teachers was $36.00; of female teachers, $16.50. There were eight school houses the value of which was set at $10,500. The most of them present an attractive appearance on the outside, and are com- fortably fitted up on the inside. In 1879 the board of education was composed of R. J. Hathaway (Dis- trict No. 4), president; W. S. Warner, clerk; Ozro Orborne, of District No. 1; A. J. Hansay, of No. 2; H. H. Cox, of No. 3; George Laing, of No. 5; F. B. McConnor, of No. 6; Leonard Hershey, of No. 7; S. S. Drake, of No. 8. BEDFORD VILLAGE UNION SCHOOL. The district was originally organized to embrace only the territory within the corporate limits of the village, but in 1874 the bounds were extended so as to include all of lots thirty-six, thirty-seven, forty- four, forty-five, forty-six, fifty-three, fifty-four, fifty- five, fifty-six and parts of thirty-five, forty-seven. BEDFORD. 409 fifty-seven, 'sixty-five, sixty-six and sixty-seven. In 1873 tlie present school building was erected, under liie direction of a board of education composed of Robert Forbes, R. Motfatt and W. H. Wlieelock, and was ready for occupancy in the early part of 1874. It is a very handsome edifice of bi'ick, forty by fifty. six feet, two stories liigh, with basement, and cost !j 15,000. There are four rooms, but at present only three are occupied for school purjioses. The schools were attended by two hundred and forty-one pupils in IS7S, I he average ^attendance being two hundred and live. Tiiirty-eiglit weeks of school were main- tained at a cost of nearly ^l.GOd, under tlie lu-ineiiiai- siiip of R. C. Smith. Since 1877 the board of education has been com- posed of six persons. The present members are J. W. Dertiiwick, jiresident; N. L. Hillard, secretary; Robert Forbes, treasurer: W. T. Wheelock, M. B. Dawson and .7. F. Hently. RELKilOUS SOCIETIES. Soon after 1830 several religious societies were formed in Bedford, which failed to maintain their or- ganization more than a few years. There being no ciuircli building in the place, a small framed meeting house was erected about this period by Mrs. Fanny Willis, which was the first place of worship of the several societies organized before 1841. The Disciples were the first to form a society that proved permanent. In ^fay, 1830, Rev. E. Williams visited the village to preach, and for some time came every month thereafter. In August Noel C. Barnum was baptized by Mr. Williams, and in April, 1831, Enoch Allen and six others received the same rite, {'reaching was continued by Rev. Messrs. Williams, William Hayden, J. J. Moss and others, and in Di'cendjer, 1833, was organized THE CIILIU 11 i)V CHIMST tX liEDFOIil), will) twenty members ami the following oHicers: Thos. Marble, overseer; Enoch Allen and George M. Payne, deacons. The following year these were under the min- istrations of the Rev. A. B. Green. In 1834 Rev. J. J. Moss became a resident of Bedford, and for five years taught and preached from iiouse to iiouse. In 1837 a great revival prevailed whereby thirty-two persons were added to the momiiershii) of the church. In 1835 Enoch Allen and Allen Robinette were elected overseers; Samuel Barnes, N. 0. ISarnum and W. W. Walker, deacons. Tiie church has enjoyed numerous revivals; in 1843 receiving one hundred and six additions, and in 1848 tifly-fouradditions — among them being thirty persons who iiad formerly lielonged to the Baptist church. In 18.">->, under the preaching of Rev. A. B. (Jreen, one liuudred and fifteen persons joined at one meeting. 'I'he aggregate memliershii) has been very large, reacli- ing nearly twenty-live hundreil; and from the Bedford socriety have originated fifty churches in various parts of the country. At present there are three hundred and twenty-five resident, and one hundred non-resi- dent members. Among those who have originated here as ministers were Irvin A. Searles, Theo. John- son, Burdette Goodale, Alonzo Dunham, J. P. Rob- inson, William Robinson, Charles F. Bartlett, Sidney Smith, and a number of others who expound the Word at home. The elders of the church have been, in the order of their election: Thomas Marble, Allen Robinette, Enoch Allen, Sidney Smith, James Young, C. F. Bartlett, R. S. Benedict, S. F. Lockwood, James Egbert,* W. H. Millman, A. T. Hubbell, Alonzo Drake,* R. J. Hathaway,* Hiram Woods and A. C. Hubbell; and the deacons have been Enoch Allen, (ieorge M. Payne, Samuel Barnes, N. C. Barnum, W. W. Walker, A. Gray, Charles F. Bartlett, George Comstock, Silvan F. Lockwood, Augustiu Collins, Silas A. Hathaway, Daniel Gould, N. P. Benedict, Lee Lord, J. S. Benedict, A. T. Hubbell, D. D. Rob- inson, N. A. Egbert, Augustus Rincar,* W. AV. Wells, M, B. Dawson, J. W. Derthwick,* J. M. Eg- bert,* V. A. Taylor,* and Johnson McFarland.* In 1856 the church employed its first pastor (the ministers until that ])eriod having been evangelists), the Rev. J. 0. Beardsley, who afterwards became a foreign missionary. His successors in the pastoral office have been J. H. Jones, James H. Woods, A. B. Green, R. Moffit, W. L. Anderson, W. J. Sharp, S. W. Brown, L. Cooley, and E. D. Barclay the jnesent pastor. The meeting-house was erected in 1838. It has since been much enlarged and improved, being at present a very handsome edifice the value of which is estimated at six thousand dollars. The present trustees are Alonzo Drake, V. A. Taylor, Johnson McFar- land, John AVay, Milo Hathaway, F. R. Hamlin and S. J. Clark; E. A. Ennis is clerk of the board. Many years :igo Dr. J. P. Robinson was the super- intendent of a flourishing Sunday-school, which has been continued with unabated interest until the present time. It has one hundred and twenty-five members, R. J. Hathaway being the suiierintendent. For nearly twenty years the board of managers of the Ohio Missionary Society were located at Bedford; Dr. J. P. Robinson being the chairman, and James Egbert, the treasurer. In later years the meetings have l)een held at Cleveland. IIII'; lIKSr UAI'TIST 1. Trustees. C. B. Rich, Aaron Rice, John Fitzwater: clerk, John Coatps; treasurer. C. C. Chapin, Jr. 1S.')5. Trtistees, Theodore Breck, Moses Hunt, John Fitzwater; clerk, R. W. Fairchild; treasurer, C. C- Chapin, Jr. ISSti. Trustees, Theodore Breck, Mo.sts Hunt, John Fitzwatar; clerk James n. Coates; treasurer, C. C Chapin, Jr. 1S57- Trustees, Theo. Breck. Orrin Miller. I'eter Goodel; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, John S- Thomas. 1858. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Orrin Miller, Peter Goodel; clerk, George W. Oakes; treasurer, John S. Thomas. 18.50. Ti-ustees. Moses Hunt. John Fitzwater, Charles Bateman; clerk, Asa Reynolds: treasurer, J olm S. Thomas. I860. Tmstee.s, Moses Hunt, Peter Dillow, Levi Booth, Jr.; clerk, E. H. Ely: treasurer, M. N. Y'oung. 181)1. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Peter Dillow, A. K. Skeels: clerk, .^sa Reynolds; treasurer, M. K. Young. 1862. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Peter Dillow, O. W. Newcomh; clerk. Charles S. Burt; treasurer, M. N. Young. mvi. Trustees, Daniel Stocker, Peter Dillow, O. W. Newcomh; cUrk. Charles S. Burt; treasurer, William Barr. 181M. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Francis Oakes, C. -M. Allen: clerk, Chas- S. Burt: treasurer, J- H. Coates. 18U5. Trustees, H. H. Snow, O. W. Newcomh, C. M. Allen: clerk, Chas. S. Burt; treasurer, J. H. Coates. 186U. Trustees. H. R Snow, Peter Dillow, F. Oakes; clerk, Cliailes S. Burt; treasurer, J. H. d ates. 1867. Trustees, H. H- Snow, Peter Dillow, F. Oakes; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer- J. H. Coates. 18«8. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Peter Dillow, Alonzo Walkins; clerk, Charles S. Burt: treasurer, J. H. Coates. 1869. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Emmet Boyd, Henry Ingham: clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, Theo. The burr stones were of Common granite, found in the woods near by, and may yet bo seen near the site of the old mill. In 1820 Ezra Wyatt put up a famed gristmill at this point, and also built a sawmill. In the course of time Eobert Pritchard supplied steam power. Only a grist- mill is operated there at present. It was built by the present proi)rietor, Q'homas Dunbar, and is supplied with two runs of stone. Below this point, on the Chippewa, sawmills were built in former days, by Ambrose & Eliba Wilcox, by Young & Allen, and by Abbott & Bostwick. Above the center sawmills were also erected byKufus Newell and Samuel Varney. All have been discon- tinued. In the northern part of the township, on a small brook, John Randall built a gristmill which is at present operated by Antoine Eckenfells. Near this place, on the west side of the State road, is a large building in which Jackson Janes once had a cloth-dressing establishment. Subsequently wooden ware was made there, but the building has long been unused. Tanneries have been carried on by Darius Robin- son, above the center; by Seward & Higgius, at that place, and by George Curtis, on the Spring In-ook, but these, too, have long since passed away. Joseph Edgarton and Ely Osborne had distilleries many years ago, and George Foote carried on the manufac- ture of buckskin mittens at the center. For the past eight years a cheese factory has been successfully op- erated there, and this and the mills at present con- stitute the only manufacturing interests of the town- ship. THE VILLAGE OF BRECKSVILLE. This is ou the south bank of the Chi])pewa near the center of the townshij), and is sometimes called Brecksville Center. It is the only village in the township. It has a pleasant location, and contains the town hall, a very handsome school building, a Presbyterian and a Methodist church, a number of fine residences, and the stores, etc. noted below. T. J. Allen was the first postmaster of the Brecks- ville office, which received at that time one mail per week. The successive postmasters have been Chaun- cey L. Young, Asa Reynolds and J. 11. Coates. The office at ]n'esent has three mails per week from Cleve- land, distant seventeen miles. Charles Morgan had the first store in the i)lace, at the stand now occupied by J. H. Coates. The inter- mediate merchants there were William Towsley, E. and T. Breck, Breck & Humphrey, and Ailing & Fairchild. The brick store was put up by Chauncey L. Young about 1857, and Young & Clark were the first to engage in the mercantile business. J. J. Barms is the present occupant of that stand. A drug store and a harness shop were opened in the same building several years ago by Chauncey Ells- worth, and are still carried on by him. The first public house was kept by Isaac Packard in a log building which stood on the site of the Presby- terian church. Ezra Wyatt also entertained travelers at his house near the mill. John Randall built the present tavern in 1839, but it was first used as a resi- dence. George N. Hollis has been an innkeeper there many years. Dr. Chester Wait was the first physician of the township, and was in practice from about 1813 until his removal to Brooklyn. Dr. Isaac M. Morgan came in 1818, and practiced until his death. In the same period Drs. Gibbs and Cleveland followed their pro- fession. Dr. Edward Buck was in practice many years before his death in 1859, and had a contempo- rary in Dr. William Knowlton. The latter was fol- lowed by his sou, Augustus, and he in turn, by an- other son, the present Dr. William Knowlton. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school in the township was taught at the center by Oriana Paine, and was attended by children w7u?~^x^ '^Y^Z^T^j^Zi^D^ Moses Matheavs, a worthy son of old \'ermoiit, was liorii at New Haven, Addison Co., Feb. 16, 1804, his ]nirents being Josepli and Polly Mathews. His father was engaged in farming, and in that occupa- tion, in connection with l)rick!aying and j>lastering, Moses passed his early years. In 1823 he left his native State for Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., but tinally located at Madrid, in that county, where he ])urchased ])roperty. Wiiile a resident of St. Law- rence County he was married, June 23, 1824, to Miss Betsey Perry, a native of the town of his l)irtli. She was born Feb. 4, 1805. In 1832 he became satisfied that he could improve his condition in life by emigrating West, and in that year he settled in the town of Parma, Cuyahoga Co., where he re- mained till 1838, when he removed to Brecksville, and purchased a farm of ninety acres. He has been successful in accumulating wealth, and is emphat- ically a self-made man. His landed property at one time amounted to two hundred and twenty-two acres, but he has made a l)artial distribution among his children, and now re- sides on one hundred and forty acres, a part of which was his original purchase. The result of his mar- riage was three sons, viz. : Henry, born Ma}' 16, 1825, who was a soldier in the late war, held the rank of first lieutenant, and died July 27, 1869; George, born Sept. 7, 1826, and now a farmer, re- siding in the town of Royalton ; Joseph, born Sept. 7, 1828, and now residing at Denver, Col. Losing his wife Feb. 24, 1870, Mr. Mathews was married again, June 18, 1871, to Miss Arasis A. Rannals, a native of Logan Co., Ohio. Politi- cally lie has been a life-long Democrat, having cast his first presidential vote for Andrew Jackson. He is one of the oldest men in Brecksville, and, though nearlv fourscore years of age, is as healthy and rugged as manv a man in the prime of life. He is in truth a worthy example of the iiardy pioneers who over- come the dangers and obstacles of frontier life. BRECKSVILLE. 41/) from theHoadley, Adams, Bradford and Wait fami- lies. j\[is. Benjamin Wait was also an early teacher there. In 1810 a good log building was put up in this locality forsehool and church purposes. In 182G the township had three districts, No. 1 having thirty- seven honseliolders; No. 2, twenty-iive householders; and No. 3, twenty householders. These districts were soon after divided so as to provide schools in every neiglilioi'liiMiil. The buildings wei'e at tirst of loj',s, liiit as the country was developed these were su])er- seded by framed houses; and nearly all these, in turn, iiavo given way to neat and comfortable brick edifices. The one at the center was erected in 187-1, at a cost (if ^4,000, and is a model of architectural beauty. For its size it has no superior in the country. In 1878 the township reported nine buildings, val- ued at ijil 3,000. Ten schools were maintained at an expense of |!2, 387. 75. Twenty-eight weeks of school w(>ie taught by nine female and seven male teachers, whose average wages were i&30.00 per month. 'I'hc piiiiils enrolled numbered; of boys one hundred and eiglity. of girls one hundred and twelve, and the aver- age attendance was eighty-three percent. TIIH I'lKST C()N(JKEC.AT10NAL (OK I'lUCSHYTKUI AN) CHUKCH. In the summer of 1816 the Rev. Wm. Ilanford, ill the eraj)loy of the Connecticut Missionai'y Society, began preaching in Brecksville, and on the 13th of July organized the First Congregational Church of Hieeksville, with sixteen members, namely: John Ailams, Lemuel Uoadley, Chloe Iloadley, John Wait, liolter Colson, Harriet Colson, Hannah Paine, Ly- man J. Frost, Oriana Frost, Zelpha Wait, Lucy Wil- cox, James Dickson, Mary Dickson, Joseph Bice, Orrin Wilcox and Abigail Wilcox. These elected Lvman J. Frost as the first clerk. No deacon was chosen until October 1, 1821, when Bolter Colson was ordained to that office; and the church had no I'egular pastor until 1840, when Bev. Newton I'arretl was ordained and installed. The Bev. Wm. Hanford supplied the cliurcli until ls-.'3, coming from Hudson every four weeks, and under his ministration the membership increased In forty-six. The next su])]dy was the Bev. Lsaac Shaler, who continued until 1829. For the next fdur years the Bev. J. H. Breck was the supj)Iy; i)ut in 1833 he was succeeded by Bev. Josejih Pepoon, who rcnniined until 1834. That year came Bev. Chester Cliapin, and continued until 1837. On the 7th of April, 1840, the Bev. Newton Bar- rett was installed as pastor, and maintained that rela- tion until 1848. Since that time the pas'or and sup plies have l)een the following: 1848-52, Bev. W. 8. Kennedy; 1853-4, Bev. Lucius .Smith; 1855-8, Bev. ('. 15. Stevens; 185IMJ1, P. S. Hillyer; 18G2-fi, Bev. Thomas Towler; 1868-70, Rev. Hubbard Lawrence; 1871-4, Rev. G. C. Reed; 1875-0, Rev. J. McK. Pit- tinger, and since May, 1870, Rev. John M. Davies. The first meetings were held at the liouse of Hosea Bradford, near the square. In 1810 a log school- house was built, on what was afterwards known as the Deacon Ilannum place, which was used until the fall of 1830, when a small framed liouse was built for a church, at a cost of i|200. A better place of worshij) being demanded, the "First Congregational Society" was formed, under the laws of the State, on the 21st of June, 1834, to attend to the temjjoral affairs of the church. The first officers were Belah Norton, Wm. H. Judd and Wm. Breckenridge, trus- tees; William Oakes, secretary; Philip Gass, treas- urer; and Darius Lyman, collector. In addition to the foregoing the constitution was signed by Bolter Colson, Moses Hunt, Gary Oakes, E. M. Bartlett, Peter Goodell, Moses Boynton, Fran- cis Oakes, Augustus Adams, William Burt, Theodore Breck, Giles Kellogg, Otis Pomeroy, C. Ilannum, Jason Jones, Edward Rust, John L. Thomas, and others. The present trustees of the society are L. T. Rust, 0. P. Foster, 0. P. Hunt, Michael Rudgers and B. Van Noate; L. E. Ring is the clerk, and J. H. Coates treasurer. In the fall of 1834 the meeting house was removed to a place near the present cemetery by a committee composed of Thomas Patrick, Jared Clark, Dorus Lyman, Daniel Currier and William Burt. Ten years later, work was begun on the jiresent church edifice, under the direction of the following building committee: Augustus Adams, Gary Oakes, Theodore Breck, Joseph Bardwell and E. M. Bartlett. It was completed at a cost of about $3,000, and was dedi- cated October 30, 1844. Subse(iuent repairs have rendered the house comfortable and attractive, and together with the parsonage, erected in 1842, it con- stitutes a very good church property. In 1876 the church became Presbyterian in form, and so remains to this day. The present ruling elders are Henry Dunbar, Moses Hunt and Talcott Starr. The former is also clerk of the session. The church has a mem- bership of one hundred and live, and since 1833 has regularly maintained a Sunday school, which at pres- ent has one hundred and thirty members. L. T. Bust is its superintendent. In 1866 Augustus Adams, a member of the church, donated ^500 to the Ameri- can Tract Society, on condition that that body should furnish thirty dollars worth of books yearly to the Sunday school in (juestion. A very good library is maintained. Some of the other religions denominations held public worship in the township at quite an early day, and some time after 1830 the Methodists organ- ized themselves into a class, the names of whose members, owing to the absence of records, cannot be here given. In 1836 the present meeting house at the center Was erected, and has been the place of worship of the METHODIST El'l.SCOl'AL CHL'UCH of Brecksville, and some of the adjoining townships, ever since. It has lately been repaii'ed, and is a com- 416 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. fortable place of worship. The trustees who control it are A. Watkins, A. C. Hitchcock, L. F. Wjatt and James Cleveland. Tlie three first-named are also tlie stewards of the eliiirch. The society at Brecks- ville has been connected with other Methodist stations in Richfield and Royalton in forming a circuit, but at present is only connected with the eliurch in the latter township. The circuit is supplied by the Rev. Moses B. Mead, of Baldwin University. The mem- bership of the church is small, numbering but sixteen persons. The class leader is L. Norvill. The Sun- day school has sixty members, A. C. Hitchcock being the superintendent. CHAPTER LXXI. BEOOKLYN. Boundaries and Soil— First Private Proprietors—" Granger Hill "—The First " Squatter "—Tlie First Permanent Settler— Isaiah Fish, the First Child— Going Ten Miles to Work— Abundant Rattlesnakes— E. & M. Fish— The Oldest Inhabitant— The Brainards— A Fish and Brainard Settlement — First Framed House— An Avalanche of Emigration— More Brainards- Fears of Paupers— Trj-ing to mortgage a Farm for Flour- First Settlers at Brighton— Some More Brainards— The Aikens— Other Settlers— Early Mills— Civil Orpanizatiou— List of Officers— Brooklyn Methodist Episcopal Church— First Congregational Church— Brighton Methodist Church— Church of the Lady of the Sacred Heart — Disciple Congregation — Early Schools — Present .Schools— Brooklyn Village Schools — West Cleveland Schools — Brooklyn Academy — Brighton Academy — Brighton Village— Brooklyn Village— Its Officers— West Cleveland — Its Officers- Industrial School Farm— Linndale— Ceme- teries — Post Offices— Cleveland Dryer Company — Lake Erie Iiryer Company— Other Manufactures-Nurseries— Railways— Glenn Lodge I. O. O. F.— Glenn Encampment — Brooklyn Lodge F. & A. M.— Militia Companies — Brooklyn Hook and Ladder Company. Brooklyn townsliip, wjiich joins tlie city of Cleve- land on the west and south, is a part of range thirteen, in which it is township number seven. It included originally all that part of the territory of the city of Cleveland lying on the west side of the Cuyahoga river, wliich, along with what now comprises Brooklvn, was set off from Cleveland township to form the township of Brooklyn. Brooklyn's boundaries are the city of Cleveland and Lake Erie on the north, the townships of Parma and Independence on the south, the city of Cleveland and Newburg township on the east, and the township of Rockport on the west. It contains four villages, Brooklyn, West Cleveland, Brighton and Linndale, of which the former two are incorporated. The Cuyahoga river skirts the eastern part of the township on the east, and separates it from Newburg. Its other water courses are unimportant creeks, which, though once valuable as mill streams, are now of m u.se for that purpose. The land is generally fcrtik and farms are valuable, especially near the Clcvelani" line, where attention is given to the cultivation o.' fruit and garden products; the former industry bein; profitably followed near the lake shore, and the lattc. near Brooklyn village. In the division of the Western Reserve, as nai-ratcc' in the general history, the greater part of Brooklyn, including the present West Side of Cleveland, fell ti Richard and Samufl Lord ami .losiah I'arlicr, froii one or the other, or all, of whom the early settlers purchased their farms. EAKLT SETTLEMENT. A grassy slope overlooking the Cuyahoga river from Riverside cemetery, and known to this day as ' Granger Hill," is the spot where the territory subse- cpiently occupied by the township of Brooklyn received its first white settler. Granger was a "scpiatter" from Canada, but when he squatted upon his Brooklyn land is not exactly known. He was there, at all events, in May, 1813, when James Fish entered what is now Brooklyn township, as the first of the perma- nent white settlers of that territory. Granger had with him his son, Samuel, and the two remained until 1815, when they sold their improvements to Asa Brainard and migrated to the Maumee country. James Fish, above mentioned, had been a resident of Grotou, Connecticut, and, having purchased a piece of land of Lord & Barber in the present townshiji of Brooklyn, he set out from Groton in the summer of 1811 with an ox-team and a lumber wagon, in which rode himself, his three children, his wife and her mother. He journeyed west in company with a large party of pioneers, but the only ones besides himself destined for Brooklyn were his two cousins, Moses and Ebenezer Fish — the latter of whom made the en- tire trip on foot. Arriving at Cleveland early in the autumn, after forty-seven days ^n the road, James Fish decided to pass the winter in Newburg, while Ebenezer and Moses remained in Cleveland. Early in the spring of 1812 James went over from Newburg alone and put up a log-house that cost him just eighteen dollars, and in May of that year he took his family to their new home. Their log cabin was, of course, a rude structure, and its furniture was in keeping with the house. The bedstead — for there was only one at first — was manufactured by the head of the family, and was composed of roughly hewn jiieces of wood, fastened with wooden pins, and having in lien of a bed cord a net work made of strips of bark. This bedstead is still in the possession of Isaiah W., a son of James Fish, who resides in Brooklyn village upon the place originally occupied by his father. Isaiah W. Fish, just mentioned, was born in Brooklyn, May 9, 1814, and was the first white child born in the new settlement. James Fish began at once to clear his land, but while waiting for a crop his family must needs have something to cat. Mr. Fish had no cash, and so he used to go over to Newburg two or three times a week, and work there at farming for fifty cents a day. Thus he managed to reach the harvest season, when from tlie first fruits of his land he secui-ed a little money. It is, however, a question whether he could have carried his family through the winter, had it not been for the assistance of Jiis wife, who to her other duties added that of weaving coverlids, by which she earned a goodlv sum, and in which she liccanio so a^cU..^^ ^^ ^^^ The first known ancestor of Isaiah W. Fish was John Fish, who is siijiposed to liave einigriited from Enghmd and settled at Mystic, in Grolon, Conn. Uis son was Capt. Samuel Fish, and his son was also Samuel Fish. The son of the lat- ter was Capt. John Fish, and his son was Joseph Fish, grandfather of Isaiah W. The first person who settled in what is now the village of Brooklyn was James Fish, father of the subject of this sketch, who came from Connecticut in the year 1811, being forty-seven days on the road. He was a native of Connecticut, having been born in Groton, in June, 1783. In 1812 he built a log hut, on the site of which stands a handsome farm-house now occupied by his son, Isaiah W. At the time of his settle- ment, being in straightened circumstances, he was obliged to walk to Newburg, a distance of five miles, daily, where he Worked days' work, receiving in payment for the same sundry provisions at the rale of fifty cents per day. Some time after- wards he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, but not being able to pay the taxes cm the same, though small, he sold all but fifty acres to Aziah Brainnrd. Subsequently he took up eighty acres one mile north of his fir>t purchase. It is re- lated that during the progress of the battle of Lake Eric he was at work cutting logs, and the distant roar of cannon could be dis- tinctly heard. Thinking of how they would lose their hard- earned homesteads should victory be on the side of the English, he became so nervous that he quit work and entered the cabin, where the '• women folks" were assembled. They knew nothing of the desperate combat that was being carried on so close to them, and exclaimed: "How it do thunder!" " Yes," replied Mr. Fish, " but it is home-made thunder." Mr. Fish lived to the extreme age of ninety-two years, his death occurring in September, 18V'). He had shared all the privations and dangers of the first ]iioneers, and lived to witness the wonderful growth and develo|)ment of the country which he had found an unbroken wilderness. As a citizen he was quiet, sober, and industrious, working for the good of his family and the community in which he lived, but shrinking from public notice. He was an earnest Christian, and for thirty years a member of the Methodist Church. In 1805 he married Mary Wilcox, daughter of Elisha Wilcox, of Stonington, Conn. They had eight children, namely, — Mary, James, Elisha, Sally, Isaiah \V., Lydia K., Joseph L., and John P. The first four were born in Connecticut; the fifth, Isaiah W., was the first white person born in Brooklyn, his birth occurring on the 9th of May, 1814. His early life was mostly spent in working on his father's farm. He re- ceived but a limited education. February, 1837, he married Matilda Gates, daughter of Jeremiah Gates, of Brooklyn. He then engaged in farming in partnershi]) with his father, with whom he resided until the death of the latter. He has been prominently connected with the religious, civil, and educational interests of the town. For fifty-two years he has been a member of the Methodist Church, and has labored actively in the cau.so of Christianity. For a period of twenty-three years he has been a regularly ordained minister, and has preached the gospel without receiving any pecuniary compensation, his services being freely given. He has also been for many years a teacher in the Sunday-schools. Has been president of the school board for four years, and has always been active in the sup- port of schools and of charitable institutions. In politics he is a Republican, and, although he has never sought political preferment, he has been elected to various local offices of trust, the duties of which he has discharged with uniform ability. The result of his first marriage was three children, — Lucy A., Charles, and Buell B. Mrs. Fish died in February, 1850. He was again married, on the 5th of July, 1850, to Mary A. More, of East Cleveland, by whom he has two daughters, — Mary M. and Louisa S. ; also one son. James, deceased. BROOKLYN. 417 celebrated that she found the demand far beyond her j»()\ver to snj)ply. When Mr. Fish set out for Newburg on liis peri- od ieal journeys, he left his family the sole occupants of a wilderness in which there were no residents nearer tlian Clcveh^ud, and, knowing full well tlieir fears and the good reasons for them, lie retui-ned to them faith- fully each night, albeit, his trips were always made OH foot, and covered ten long miles. Sucli trips, too, lie frc(|uently made on subsequent occasions, when, needing Hour or meal, he would shoulder a two liushel liag full of corn, trudge to the Newbui'g mill, and get back witii his meal the same day. Mr. Fish was a great hunter and slayer of rattle- snakes, which were found in immense numbers, and occasionally reared their ugly fronts through open- ings in the rude Hoors of the settlers' cabins. It is told of one of ^Ir. Fish's farm hands in the early days, t hat on narrowly escaping the attack of a rattlesnake he joyously and thankfully exclaimed: "What a smart idea it was in God Almighty to put bells on tlicm things!'' Mr. Fish lived a useful and lionored life in Brooklyn, saw cities and villages rise where t "because so much corn was raised there," hut the idea met with no favor, and the name of Brooklyn was adopted because it sounded well, and not from any desire to honor the i)lace of that name ill New York, since nearly all of the early settlers came from Connecticut. The first book of township records was destroyed by fire, and the list of town- ship otlieers heie given dates necessarily from 18.37. Since that time those officers, with the years of their election, have been as follows: TRUSTEES. 1S37, Samiiel H. liarstow, Diodate Clark, William Allen; ]«{«, S. II. Barstow, Wllliain Allen, Samuel Tyler; 1K)», W'illiam Burton, Martin Kelloge, Russell Pelton; IWO, Martin Kellogg, Russell I'elton. William Hurlon; IKll, .Jonathan Fish, Russell I'elton, Mai tin Kellogg; IHia, Mar- tin Kellogg, .Jonathan Fish, Benjamin Sawlell; 18(.i. Ezra Honeywell. William Hartness, Philo Rowley; IS+I. Morris .Jai-kson, Ezra Honey- W4.1I, I»hilo Rowley; ISIS, Samuel Tyler, Samuel Storer, Levi Lookwood; IMii, Samuel Storer, R. 0. Selden. Levi Lockwood; 1H17, R. C. Selden, Samuel Storer, I'bilo Rowley; isjs, Martin Kellogg, Benjamin Sawtell! Seth Brainard; isjit, James Sears, Benjamin Sawtell, Ambrose Anthony: 1850, James Sears, Francis Branch, Ambrose Autboay. 1851, Ambrose Anthony, James Sears. Francis Branch ; 1852, Francis Branch, Ambrose Anthony, James Sears; 1853, Ambrose Anthony, James Sears, Francis Branch; 1K5I, John Morrill, James Sears, Homer Strong; 1855, t'lark S. Gates, John Goes, James Sears; 185tJ, David S. Brainard, Martin Kellogg, John L. Johnson; 1857, D. S. Brainard, Alfred Kellogg, J. L. Johnson; 18,58, C. L. Gates, Alfred Kellogg, James Sears; 18jil. Alfred Kellogg. James Sears, John Reeve; 18»i0, James Sears, John Iteeve, Alfred Kellogg. 18C1, Francis S. Pelton, John Reeve, Martin K. Rowley; 1802, Thomas James, James AV. Day, M. K. Rowley; 18.53, .To?eph Marniann, Alfred Kellogg, Lew Fish; IHIH, Alfred Kellogg, Levi Fish, William Lehr (re- signed in November, and James Sears appointed. The latter resigned in December, and Francis S. Pelton was appointed). 18G5, Jacob Siringer, F. S. Pelton, John Ross; lH(I(j, Jacob Siringer, .John Ross, Jacob Hum; 1.807, Jacob Siringer, John Ross, Marcus Denuerlie; 18(j8, Jefferson Fish, Samuel Sears, Bethnel Fish; IHG'.). JetTersoa Fish. Samuel Sears, David S. Brainard; 1870, Jefferson Fish, John Myers, Samuel Sears. 1871, Robert Curtiss, John Meyer, Daniel W. Hoyt; 18?^, John Meyer, Erhart Wooster, Robert Curtiss; 187.!, Erhart Wooster, J. C. Wait, Car- ter Stickney; 1874, Robert Curtiss, D. W. Hoyt, J. C. Wait; 1875, John Williams, John Scbmehl, William S. Curtiss; 1870, John Williams, Charles E. Terrell, Seymour Trowbridge; 1877, C. E. Terrell, Seymour Trowbridge, Charles Miller; 1878, Sanford R. Brainard, William Thomas, Francis H. Chester; 1879, William Thomas, S. R. Brainard, Charles Miller. CLERKS. 18:J7, C. L. Russell; 1838 and 18.39, Samuel H. Fox; I&IO '41 and '42, Francis Fuller; 1813 and 1844, John H. Sargeant; (In September, 1W4, Sargeant removed, and George L. Chapman was appointed.) 1845, Charles Winslow; 1810 to 18.54, inclusive, C. E. Hill; 18.55, F. W. Pelton; (Resigned in July, and C. E. Hill appointed.) 1850, Bolles M. Brainard; (Died in August, and Charles H. Eabcock appointed.) 1857, C. H. Bab- cock; 1S58, Frederick Dalton; 1858, Joseph B. Shuil; 1800 and 1861, Charles H. Babcock; 1802 and 18(3, HenrylKsb; 1804, F. H. Chester; 1805 and 1806, Frederick W. Wirth; 1807, F. H. Chester; 1868 and 1800, Edwin Chester; 1870, Edward F. Fuller; 1871, B. J. Ross; 1873 to 1877, inclusive, William Treat; 1878 and 1879, Charles N. Collins. TREiVSURERS. 18;J7, Ozias Brainard; 1S3K, C. E. Hill; 18:J9, Ozias Brainard; 1840 James Ray (Resigned in November, and C E. Hill appointed.) 1.S41 and 18J2, C. E. Hill; 1813 and 1W4, David S. Brainard; 1815, Betliuel Fish: 1840 and 1817, D. S. Brainard: 1848 and 1849, Bethuel Fish; 1850, Francis Fuller: (Died in August, and Bethuel Fish appointed.) 1851, Elihu Cor, bin; 1.852 to 1.851, inclusive, S. J. Lewis; 1855 to 1857, inclusive, William Wilson; 1858 to 1860, inclusive, Carlos Jones; 1801, Benj. R. Beavis; 1802, D. S. Brainard; 1803 and 1804, Ozias Fish; 1805 and 1806, F. H. Chester; 1.SG7 to 1869, inclusive, Jacob Schneider; 1870 and 1871 Carver Stickney; 1872, John Duncan: (Died in April, and George J Duncan appointed.) 1.S73 to 1875, inclusive, G. J. Duncan; (Removed in November, and F. H. Chester appointed.) 1876 and 1877, F. H. Chester; 1878 and 1879, Russell A. Brown. JU.STICES OF THE PEACE. 18.30, George W. Marsh; 18.37, C. L. Russell, William Burton; 1838, Ben- jamin Doud, Henian A. Hurlbut; 1810, C. L. Russell; I84I, Benj. Doud, Samuel Tyler; 1,S12, Scott W. Sayles; 1843, J. H. Sargent; 1841, Benjamin Sawtell; 1845, Andrew White, Ezra R. Benton, Henry L. Whitman; 1847 Homer Strong, Samuel Storer; 1848, H. L. Whitman; 1850, Homer Strong, .1. A. Redington, Samuel Storer; 1852, Ezra Honej'well, W'ells Porter; 18,53, Charles H. Babcock; 1K55, Austin M. Case, Daniel Stephan; 18.56. Chas. H. Babcock; 1857, Felix Nicola; 1.8.59, Chas. H. Babcock; 1860, Feli.x Nicola; 1.S62, Chas. H. Babcock; 18(Si, Felix Nicola (resigned in De- cember, 1S(«I; 18tB, Benjamin R. Beavis, John Reeve; 1868, Chas. H. Babcock, John S. Fish; 1871, Joseph M. Poe, ('has. H. Babcock; IW2, Ambrose Anthony; 1874, Chits H. Babcock, (resigned in October, 1874,) William Treat; 1875. Ambrose Anthony; 1877, William Treat, Charles N. Collins; 1878, Ambrose Anthony; 1879, C. N. Collins and W. Treat. CHURCHES. According to the best recollection of Brooklyn's early settlers, the first religious services in the town- ship were held by a traveling Univeralist preacher whose name has been forgotten. He preached the funeral sermon of the mother of James Fish in 181G, and preached twice in Brooklyn after that event. About that time Rev. Messrs. Booth and Goddard, Methodist circuit riders, jireached in Brooklyn, aiid under the auspices of the latter, about 1817, THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHlRCn OF BROOKLYK was organized in a log house which stood in the rear of the site of thciiresent Methodist Ejiiscopal Church 420 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. and which was used as a town house and a place of worship foi" both the Methodists and tiie Congrega- tionalists. The first Methodist Episcopal class, however, had already been formed in 1814 at the house of Ozias Brainard, where the Methodists used to assemble for weekly prayer and conversation, before the coming of any minister. Ebenezer Fish, Sylvanus Brainard and Seth Brainard were the first three members of the class, which, however, was shortly increased to six- teen. Ebenezer Fish was the first class leader, and when it was agreed to divide the class into two sec- tions — a part, meeting on the north, and a part on the south side of the ereek — Seth Brainard was chosen as the second class leader. The first presiding elder was Charles Waddell, and the early ministers of the church were Rev. Messrs. James Taj'lor, John Crawford, Solomon Meuiei", Adam Poe, H. 0. Sheldon, James Mclntire, — Dick- sou, Elmore Yokum, — Hazard, — Howe. The later pastors have been Rev. Messrs. N. S. Albright, Joseph Mattock, Alfred Holbrook and the Rev. Mr. Hoadley, the latter being the pastor September 1, 1879. The church has now a membership of one hundred. The trustees are A. W. Poe, J. W. Fish, Ozias Fisli, H. Richardson, R. Pelton, L. G. Foster, S. R. Brain- ard and J. Tompkins. The class leaders are George Storer, S. Strowbridgc, J. Tompkins, W. Woodard, S. Wallace, A. W. Poe. Tlie Sunday-school has about one hundred scholars, and is in charge of T. K. Dissette. The congregation worshiped in the log town-house until 1837, when a framed church-edifice was erected upon the site of the present structure. The latter was built in 1848, the old one being moved, and being now used as a private residence. THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This is located at Brooklyn village and was organ- ized July 23, 181'J, with the following members: Amos Brainard, Isaac Hinckley and Sallie his wife, James Smith and Eliza his wife, and Rebecca Brain- ard. The organization took place in the town-house, and was effected by Rev. Messrs. Thomas Barr and William Hanford, who were sent for this purpose by the Cleveland presbytery, to which the Brooklyn church was attached. Previous to the organization Isaac Hinckley — who was the first deacon chosen by the church — used tocouduct religious meetings at the house of Moses Fish, where the Congregationalists often assembled for worship. The membersliip was not increased until October 3, 1819, when Ozias, Mary, Ira and Plujebe Brainard were takeu into tiie fold. The Cleveland presbytery supplied preachers occasionally for some years; services being held, as a rule, once a fortnight. We learn from the records that down to 1847 the ministers who preached for the church were Rev. Messrs. William McLaiu, T. I. Bradstreet, Randolpli Stone, B. B. Drake, Fox and ■ Foltz. In 1847 the con- gregation — being much reduced in strength — ceased to assemble for worship and remained inactive until 18.")1, when public services were renewed under the ministry of Rev. Calvin Durfee, wiio was followed successively by Rev. Messrs. James A. Bates, E. II. Votaw and J. W. Hargrave, the latter being now in charge. In April, 1867, tlie cliurch united with the Cleve- land Congregational conference, having till that time been attached to the Cleveland presbytery. In 1830 the congregation left the old loghouse and worshiped in a new church which was built in that year. It is still used, being one of the oldest church buildings in Ohio, but will probably be vacated in November of this year (1870) for a new and handsome brick church, now nearly completed. The church member- ship is now eighty-four. The deacons are Hiram Welch, A. S. Hinckley and Ebenezer Fish, and the trustees are M. L. Mead, I. N. Turner and Ebenezer Fish. BRIGHTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. For some years previous to 1844, the Methodist residents of Brighton and vicinity worshiped at the church in Brooklyn village, but in that year they effected a church organization of their own. They purchased the building previously used by the Re- formed Methodists, and there they still worship.* The present membership is eighty. The trustees are Asahel Brainard, Charles Gates, Leonard Fish, H. C. Gates, George Brainard, Denias Brainard, Thomas Davies, Martin Oviatt and Albert Ingham; the stewards are J. K. Brainard, Abel Fish, Luther Brainard, Charles Gates, George W. Brainard, Wil- liam Avann and Asahel Brainard; the class leaders are George AV. Brainard, William Avann, Thomas Davis, J. M. Brainard and Russell Brainard. The pulpit is being supi)lied at present by Rev. E. H. Bush. THE EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH. This is a German organization, located at Brighton, which was formed about 1840. Public worship was first held in a school-house a mile east of Brighton village, the first minister being Rev. Mr. Allard, of Cleveland. In 1844 the church erected at Brighton the substantial house of worship now used. About one hundred families comprise the congregation, which is under the charge of Rev. Mr. Locher. Tlie trustees are George Riedel, Caspar Janney, Martin Walter, Gottleib Merkel and Christian Haas. CHURCH OF THE LADY OF THE SACRED HEART. This Roman Catholic church was organized at Brighton in 1875, by Rev. P. F. Quigley, D.D., in which year a handsome brick house of worship, cost- * The Reformed Methodists had seceded from the Methodist Episcopal church of Brooklyn, and started a church on the south side of the creek in IWO, but dissolved three years later. The prominent members were Julia and Ogden Hinckley, Cyru> Brainard, and Joseph and Ma. tilda Williams. BROOKLYN. 421 ing *10,000, was built. Although Brighton then contiiined many Catholics, their nunil)er has latterly been materially lessened by removals, and for nearly a year (since December, 1878) tlie cliureh has been opened but once for public worship. Tiie last pastor of the cluircli was Rev. T. Marshall, who succeeded Fallier Quigley in 1877. TUB DISCIPLE CONGKEGATION. Karly in 1879 a number of the members of the West Side l)isei])le Churcli, residing in Brooklyn village — (among tlie prominent ones being II. Brown and AVm. Towsley) — agitated the subject of organizing a church in Brooklyn, and in May lield their first meeting in tlie I5rook.lyn Opera House, on which occasion a large nundjer of persons participated in the exercises. An independent churcli has not yet been formed, but reg- ular Sabbath meetings have been held in the Opera House since that time, the congregation, for the pres- ent, being attached as a mission to the West Side cinirch, whence the jireaching is supplied. About forty members are included in the congregation, and it is probable that a cliureh will speedily be estab- lislu'd. SCHOOLS. Miss Dorcas Ilickox, sister of Abraham Ilickox, a Ijlacksmith of Cleveland, taught school in Brooklyn as early as 1818, in the house of James Fisli. She iiad eight or ten scholars, of whom Isaiah W. Fish is still living. Miss Hickox, who was probably the first school-teacher in those parts, taught but one summer. Who her immediate successor was is not clear, but it is moderately certain that Diodate Clark wielded the birch not long after Miss llickox's time, and a famous pedagogue he was. After Clark, Steplien Brainard taught in a little log school-house on David Brainard's place, and then Lyndon Freennm, of Parma, was for a while the leader under whom the aspiring youth of the day climbed the rugged bights of learning. Apart from the villages of Brooklyn and West Cleveland — which manage their own school affairs — the township has now five school districts and six schools, with an average attendance of one hundred and seventy-two, out of an enrollment of two hundred and sixty-four scholars. The number of teachers em- liloyed is seven, and the yearly expenditure for school luirjioses about 8i3,300. The members of the board of education are Frank II. Chester, Carver Stickney, Henry Perrin, Claus Fiedmann and J. Featherstone. The value of school property in the township districts in 1879 was *i:3,500. Brooklyn village, which under the union school law has managed its own school alTairs since 18G9, has a line brick school-edifice, in which there five depart- ments, including a high school. The daily attend- ance of jiiipils averages one hundred and seventy-six, and the teachers — including tlie superintendent — number five, to wlioin $2, 400 are paid yearly. The village of West Cleveland has three school- houses — oa Detroit street, Jones street and McCart street — with five schools and five teachers. The at- tendance averages nearly three hundred, and the cost for school supi)ort is nearly $4,000 yearly. 'I'he pres- ent board of education is comjiosed of Messrs. Alex. Forbes, M. B. Nixon, G. B. Mills, W. P. Ranney, A. W. Fairbanks and Oliver King. THE BKOOKLV.V ACADEMY. In the year 1840 Moses Merrill, a New York school- teacher, and sometimes Methodist preacher, happened to visit Brooklyn about the time certain of its promi- nent citizens were agitating the subject of starting an academy. They secured Merrill to teach for them, })ut up a framed building on the lot now occui)ied by the Brooklyn village school, called it the Bi-ooklyn Academy and opened it as a select school of some jire- tensions. It flourished for several years as an impor- tant institution of learning, but gave way eventually before the rapid strides of the public school system and disappeared. The old academy building is now used in part for the village post office. TUE BRIGHTON ACADEMY, was founded by Samuel II. Barstow about 1810. when Brighton was regarded as a place with a lirilliant fu- ture before it. The brilliant future failed, however, til reveal itself, and the Brighton Academy went down within a brief season. BlUGHTON'. The village of Bi-ighton was laid out, oi'iginMllv upon land occupied by Warren Young's farm, and additional surveys were made from time to time, lis progress was unmarked by special incident until 18.3G, when, under the inlluence of the energy of Samuel II. Barstrow, matters began to look up. Speculation in lots began to grow earnest, and to fur- ther stimulate the spirit of the hour, Mr. Barstow procured the ineorj)oration of the village. At the first election, early in 1837, twenty-three votes were cast for mayor, Nathan Babcock receiving fourteen and Sam'l H. Barstow nine. A. S. Palmer was chosen as recorder, and a Mr. Clemens as mai-shal and street commissioner. In less than a year, howevei', Brighton came to a stand-still. When the next elec- tion time came the villagers concluded that the new departure was a failure, and declined to hold an elec- tion, and the charter went by default. Since that time the progress of Brighton has been slow, yet in all it has been considerable. It has a iwpulation of perhajis eight hundred, is abundaiitlv supplied with stores and hotels, has three churches, and does a small business in the manufacture of wagons. The stores have a good trade with the sur- rounding countiy, which contains numerous thrifty and substantial farmers, many of whom are (iermans, as are also many of the villagers. BROOKLYN VILLAGE. Brooklyn Village (originally called Brooklyn Cen- ter) was laid out in part in the )-ear 1830 by Moses Fish, an early settler and the owner of considerable 422 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. land iu wluit is now the center of the vilhige. Fish hiid out twenty-five lots, and directly afterward Ebenezer Fish, his brother, also a large land owner, began a survey for the same pnrjiose. He sold off only a few lots, however, before disposing of the resi- due of his property to Betts & Bibbens, land specula- tors, who platted an extensive tract. This was the first work of importance in the way of starting tiie village. Later, at various times, it was followed by numerous additional surveys by a dozen different parties, some of whom have yet to realize on their in- vestments. Although the village began thus early to push itself into notice, and thrived apace, it was not incor- porated until August 5, 18(i7. The persons who have served as village officials from that date to 1879, inclusive, are as follows: 1807. Mayor, Bethuel Fish: recorder, Leonard Foster; trustees, A. W. Pop, J. S. Fish, Adam Kroehle, C. B. Galentine, Geo. Storer; mar- shal. John May. 1868. Mayor, Bethuel Fish; recorder. Leonard Foster; treasurer, Levi Fish; trustees, A. W. Poe, Adam Kroehle, Seymour Ti-owbridge, L. C. Pisley, J. M. Curtiss; marshal, O. M. Wallace. 1809. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; recorder, Wesley Trowbridge; treasurer, John S. Fish; trustees, Lewis Roberts, Eliphalet Wyatt, Alanson Clark, A. P. Wirth, Geo. Storer; marshal Samuel B. Root. 1870. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; clerk, Wesley Trowbridge; treas- urer, J. S. Fish; council, I. W. Fish, Heni-y Fish. Wm. Towsley, Lewis Roberts, A. P. Wirth, J. M. Poe; marshal, O. M. Wallace. 1871. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; clerk, Wesley Trowbridge; treas- urer, J. S. Fish; council, Lewis Roberts, A. P. Wirth, J. M. Poe, S. D. Phelps, L. C. Pixley, J. H. Storer; ma shal. M. J. Truman. 187:J. Mayor, E. H. Bush; treasurer, H. Fish; clerk, L. G. Foster: council, L. ('. Pixley, J. H. Storer, S. D. Phelps, A. W. Poe, Ozias Fish Adam Kroehle ; marshal, Shelby Luce. 187.3. Mayor. Wm. Towsley; clerk, L. G. Foster; treasurer, H. Fish; council, .\dam Kroehle, A. W. Poe, Ozias Fish, Jas. Gay. L. C. Pixley, Wesley Trowbridge, marshal, Shelby Luce. 1874. Mayor, Albert Allyn; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, J. S. Fish ; couucil, Wesley Trowbridge, L. C. Pixley, Jas. Gay, E. Wyatt, F. Clifford, J. Schneider; marshal, Shelby Luce. 1875. M.ayor, Albert Allyn; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, J. S. Fish, council, E. Wyatt, F. Clifford, J. Schneider, Jas. Towsley, Calvin Allyn. Carlos Jones; marshal, Shelby Luce. 187ti. Mayor, Henry Inghatu; clerk, R. W, Whiteman; treasurer, R. A. Brown; council. Jas. Towsley, Calvin Allyn, Carlos Jones, A. Maude ville, Aug. Esch, Theodore Paul; marshal, .\. L. Van Ornnm. 1877. Mayor, Henry Ingham; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, R. A. Brown; council, Aug. Esch, A. Mandeville, Theo. Paul, Lewis Roberts, Thos. Quirk, M. H. Farnsworth; marshal, A. L. Van Ornum. 1878. Mayor, J. S. Fish; clerk, J. H. Richardson; treasurer, Russell Brown: council, M. H. Farnsworth, Thos. Quirk, Lewis Roberts, J. W. Naff, Chas. Robinson, Peter Vonder An; marshal, A. L. Van Ornum. 1879. Mayor. J. S. Fish: clerk, J H. Richardson; treasurer, Russell Brown; council, J. W. Naff. C'ha^. Robinson, Peter Vonder Au, I. N Turner. J . H. Storer, G. R. Davis ; marshal, A. L. \^au Ornum. Brooklyn village is now a thriving place of about fifteen hundred inhabitants, contains many fine resi- dences, has some important manufacturing establish- ments in and near the borough, and will doubtless improve in various ways after the completion of the Valley railroad. WEST CLEVELAND. The village of West Cleveland, with a population of one tliousaud five hundred, joins the city of Cleveland on the west, having its northern front on Lake Erie. That portion of Brooklyn was not settled until a com- paratively recent date, and had at first nearly all its habitations along the line of what is now Detroit street. Tliat thorouglifare is still the main avenue of West Cleveland. It stretches, within the village, two miles and a half west of the city limits, and is embellished with many handsome suburban residences of Cleve- land merchants. West Cleveland was incorporated in 1870, as a defensive measure — so it is said — against a prospective absorption by Cleveland. As the vil- lage records, down to a very late date, have been lost, we can only give a list of the mayors and clerks, as fol- lows: 1870 — mayor, II. W. Davis; clerk, Charles M. Safford. 1872 — mayor, S. F. Pearson; clerk, Charles M. Safford. 1874 — mayor, William Mitchell; clerk, .'Vlfred Lees. 1876 — mayor, Alex Forbes; clerk, Al- fred Lees. 1878 — mayor, L. H. Ware; clerk, John Hawley. Although the village is quite populous, it is so closely allied to Cleveland in a material sense that it is simply a city suburb. Its inhabitants are mostly engaged in business in the city, and attend religious worship there. There is no religious organization in West Cleveland, and but one jilace where religious services are held — a mission chapel where Sabbath meetings are maintained under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association, for the benefit of all denominations. THE INDLiSTKlAL SCHOOL l-AU.U. This is located on Detroit street, in West Cleveland. and covers si.\ty-one acres, upon which there are sub- stantial buildings. Iu 18G8 the widow of Simeon Jennings gave to the Children's Aid Society of Cleve- land eleven acres of land and the buildings upon it, to be used as an industrial school farm. The society obtained by donations sufficient money to purchase fifty additional acres, and since that date the place has been devoted to the noble purpose of jn-oviding for destitute and homeless children, training them in useful knowledge and eventually placing them in comfortaijle homes. During 1878 the children re- ceived numbered one hundred and forty-seven, of whom eighty-eight were placed in good homes. The average number of children in the institution is forty. LIXNDALE. Linndale, is a station on the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad, and was at one time a place regarding which many bright anticipa- tions were indulged in. Three hundred acres of land were purchased, in 1872, by Robert Linn, and others of Cleveland, a town was laid out, building lots were freely sold and Linndale made a promising start. The Linndale Stove and Hollow Ware Company ex- pended seven thousand dollars in erecting a foundry there, began operations on a capital of fifteen thousand dollars, and with a force of fifty hands soon gave a business appearance to the place. Quite a number of dwellings went up, a newspaper called the Linndale Euterprixe, under the editorship of Mr. Robinson, was called into existence, and a hotel and several stores went into operation. Unliajjpily, however, for the project, the financial crisis of 1873 stopped the growth of the new town. Mm7Uiv'Xy£'(. ^" Martin Keu-ogg was born in Easthampton par- ish, Cliathain, Middlesex Co., Conn., on the 16th of February, 1793. His ancestors were Irish, and settled in this country at an early date. His father, whose name was also Martin, was a native of Marlboro', Conn., having been born there about the year 1765. He was a man of great in- tegrity and enterprise; was often called upon for advice and counsel, and, although not a member, was a constant attendant and liberal sa]>porter of the Episcopal Church. He married Raoliel Hosford, daughter of Dudley Hosford, of Marlboro', by whom he had si.\ children, viz.: Rachel, Martin, Joel, Alfred, Rechelsea, and Lucy Ann. Tiie latter is the only member of this family now living. Mr. Kellogg died in Easthampton in 1825. His wife survived him twenty-five years, and died in January, 1850. The subject of this sketch received a common- school education, and, until lie reached his majority, remained upon his father's farm. He was then em- ployed in laboring by the month, which he continued for four years. In 1817 he came to Ohio, and re- mained one year. Returning to Connecticut, he was married, on the 2d of June, 1818, to Laura Adams, daughter of Benjamin Adams, of Colchester, New London Co. They at once set out for Ohio, in company with the families of Judge Barber, Mr. Watkins, Mr. Branch, and Mr. Ansel Young. They traveled the entire distance with ox-teams, the journey consuming forty days. Arriving at Cleveland in July, Mr. Kellogg settled in Brooklyn, on the place now owned by his son Alfred, and situated on Scranton Avenue. He immediately commenced clearing his farm, and, although sub- jected to all the hardships of pioneer life, was never discouraged. At the end of a com[)aratively few years he possessed a comfortable home, and on ac- count of its location his land subsequently became very valuable. In 1856 his wife died, and he was married on the 8th of March, 1860, to Mrs. Laui-a Walker, who died July 17, 1863. He only survived her a little more than one month, his death occurring on the 25th of August following. Mr. Kellogg was a man of staunch integrity and high moral character; an enterprising citizen, and one who took an active part in forwarding local improvements and the best interests of the com- munity in which he lived. Formerly a Whig, when that party gave place to the Republican organization he naturally gravitated to its ranks. Although taking an interest in political movements, he never held nor sought public ofSce. Mr. Kellogg had four children, — Alfred, Horace, Charles M., and Sanford B., all deceasetl except Alfred, the eldest, to whom this memoir and the accompanying portrait are due. BROOKLYN. 42.1 whicli ;it its best contained about eight hundred in- hal)itants. The land company, which had absorbed Mr. Linn's interests, failed to meet its payments on tlio land; pnrcliasers became alarmed concerning the titles and many of them forsook tlie place. The com- pany forfeited its lands to the original owners and Linndale staggered under the blow. Tlie paper suspended, the hotel and stores closed, and tlic Linn- dale Stove Company, which maintained a somewhat longer struggle for existence, went down in 1875 in utter failure. \Vm. Buckliolz, who had a small manufactory of portable feed-iuills, carried on his business in the town until the spring of 1870, when he removed to Cleveland. Since 1875, Linndale has been a very small aiul very quiet village, but faith in its future still aniuKites some sanguine hearts, and certainly tlier(! is nothing improbable in its becoming a jiros- perous town. CEMETKKIES. The first burials in the nld township of Brooklyn were made in a lot near the present graveyard on Seranton avenue, in Cleveland. These burials were four in number, and the next one — that of Mary Wil- cox, mother-in-law of James Fish, was made in 181G, ujion a half-acre lot owned by Mr. Fish. That lot yiv. Fish snbsecpu'ntly donated to the township for use as a public graveyard, and it is now a part of the Seranton avenue cemetery. The four graves above referred to were obliterated long ago, and occupied it is thought, a spot of ground now traversed by the avenue. The next public burial ground was laid out in 1844, cast of the Methodist church in Brooklyn vil- lage. There arc now six or seven burial gi-ouuds in (he township, including Riverside cemeterv, a sketch of which will be found in the history of Cleveland. POST OFFtCES. A post ollice was established in Brighton in l.s.'ili, which until 1807 was the station for Bi-ooklyn village. It is known as Brooklyn post office, and has had as postmasters, from 1830 to 1879, the following: Sam- uel II. Barstow, (leo. W. IFibbard, William J. Case, C. IL Babcock, G. Wood ru IV, Daniel Selzer, A. Van Derwyst and Chas. Iluhn. Brooklyn Village post- "tliee w;i.s not established until 1807, since which time the posmasters at that point have been J. M. I'oe. A. W. Poe, E. U. Bush, Samuel Sears and John Reeve. West Cleveland post office was established in 1877, C. E. Ten-ell being the first apjiointee. His succes- sors have been Messrs. Beebe, Sweeny, angnate subjects. As early as 184"i a literary association was formed, and a few books were from time to time gathered. In 1847 Aristarchus Champion, who, as before stated, was the original owner of the land in Russell, began to build a large hall, which he gave out was intended for the use of the village. In 1848, having completed it, he put in it some eight hundred volumes, wJiich the citi- 430 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. zens wei-e allowed to use. The literary association also deposited their books there, and the building was known as Library Hall. Mr. Champion, however, kept the title in himself, and after a few years he re- moved tlie hooks and sold the hall. A board of edu- cation was formed in 1849, after which educational interests were supported with as much vigor as before, and under a more thorough and compreiiensive system. In 1853 tiie Painesville and Hudson railroad was incorporated, with a capital of a million dollars, and a line was surveyed through the Falls. So determined were the people to have a communication with the outside world, at any expense, that they subscribed no less than two hundred thousand dollars, on con- dition, however, tliat five hundred thousand should be raised in all. This enterprise, too, could not be carried out, and Chagrin Falls was left to depend on lumber wagons as tiie principal means of communica- tion with Cleveland, Painesville and the otlier ship- ping places on the lake and canal. Nevertheless, its extraordinary water-power, and the energy of its citizens, kept the village in a pros- jjerous condition. It was noted, too, for the good taste displayed by the people in tlieir dwellings and the surroundings, and he who looked upon its wiiite cottages and well-kept yards might Iiave thonglit himself in a New England village, enriched by the labors of two centuries, rather than in one the site of whicli had only twenty years before been a perfect wilderness. In 1858 the Asbury Seminary building was sold to tlie townsliip for a union school, for which purpose it has since been used. Thus gently, but prosperously, passed tlie time, until, in April, 1861, the guns of Sumter called the nation to arms. The people of Chagrin Falls had watched the course of events with even more than the ordinary solicitude of the loyal North. Their pro- clivity for reading and discussion had kept them wide awake on the subject, and when the tocsin sounded there was probably not a village nor a townshiii of the size in the United States which was more ready to respond than were the village and township of Chagrin Falls. On Saturday evening after the fall of Sumter, a large meeting was held in the village to provide for answering tiie President's call. It was found impos- sible to conclude tliat night, and another meeting was called for the next day. At Liiat meeting nearly every man and woman in the township was present, and a large portion of the children. All the churches were closed, for all the people felt that when the nation was to be pulled out of the pit into which traitor h mds had flung it, all days could lawfully be em- ployed. The most fiery, and yet the sternest, enthu- siasm was manifested, and as the result of the meeting the little township furnished a full company under the President's call for three months' men. Before they could be mustered in, however, the call was changed, and their services were not accepted. A large number of them at once transferred their ser- vices to other organizations, and during the war no less than a hundred and nine residents of Chagrin Falls township enlisted in defense of the Union. Their deeds are recorded in the histories of the reg- iments to which they belonged, in the first jiart of this work, and there, also, their names are enrolled. Those who remained at home were e(|nally anxious to help to the best of their ability. On the tiiird i^f September, 1861, the Chagrin Falls Soldiers' Aid Society was organized, and from that time untiljune, 1865, under the efficient leadership of its president. Miss Jane E. Church, it was active in supplying the needs of the gallant defenders of the Union. During that time eight hundred and thirty-two dollars were raised in casii for that purpose, and four hundred and six dollars in supplies. At the close it was found that there was a consider- able amount in the treasury. It was resolved by the members of the society to add somewhat to it, and to nse the whole in building a monument to the men of the township who had been slain or had died in the service. This resolution was carried out, and the monument was erected during the summer in the beautiful cemetery which overlooks the village from the southeast. In Septemberof the same year (1865), it was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies in the presence of an immense number of pec^jle from that and the surrounding townships. In connection with the war we may note that (Jen. Benjamin F. Pritch- ard, of the Fourth Michigan Cavalry, the captors of Jefferson Davis, had previously for many years been a resident of Chagrin Falls. Since the war no remarkable excitement has prevailed at Chagrin Falls, but there has been a steady increase in business, and the village has lost none of its old, firm reputation for enterprise and intelligence. Beiitlcyville has entirely ceased to exist as a place of manufactures or business. An attempt was made about 1868 to revive the city of Griffiths- burg, and a large new grist-mill was erected, but tlie enterprise failed even before the requisite machinery was placed in the mill. Several destrnctivefires have occurred in Chagrin Falls village. A valuable row of stores at the north end was burned in 1868, and in 1873 what was known as the Philadelphia Block was also destroyed by fire. But these losses were repaired, numerous handsome residences were erected, and now, what with its ))icturesque scenery, its abundant foliage, and the air of neatness and thrift which everywhere, prevails. Chagrin Falls is one of the very finest villages in northern Ohio. The number of its respective business establishments, professional men, mechanics, etc., is as as follows: Paper mills, two; foundries, three; woolen mills, one; machine shops, three; planing mills, two; wooden- ware factory, one; lumber yard, one; grist mills, two; banks, two; lawyers, two; j^l'ysicians, three; dentists, two; dry goods stores, three; groceries, three; hardware stores, three; drug stores, three; CFTAcniN FALLS. 431 hook and wall-paper store, one; jewelry, two; jiliotog- iiipher, one; furniture stores, two; shoe stores, throe; lijikcrics, two; niillinerv stores, four; fancy goods stores, two; tin slio))s, two; wagon shojis, two; shoe sliops, two; blacksmith shops, five; harness shops, two; inarlilo sjiop. one. \Vo subjoin brief sketches of some of tlic iiriiici|i;il iiKiiiiitMcturing establishments. I'lIE CHArTRIN FALI.S I'Al'El! lOMI'ANV. This estalilishincnt had its origin in 184(1, wlicti Noah (fravos ])ut the necessary machinery into an old sawmill, and began the manufacture of straw-pajier and wra))))ing-])ai)er. In LS42 Charles Scars i)ur- ihased an interest, the firm becoming Graves & Sears. They then began to make writing paper. Tn 1843 ihc firm became Sears & Brinsmade, and the manu- fMcture of printing j)aper was commenced. In the winter of 1S43-4 Heaton & Daniels leased the mill, hut in less than a year Mr. Daniels sold Irs interest to Thomas White. The firm of Ileaton & White car- ried on the estaldishment until 1847, when Mr. Sears bought Ileaton's interest. The business was contin- ned by Sears & White until IS.iO. Yonnglove & Hoyt ilu'u carried it on one year. At the end of that time they were joined by D. A. Davis and Lewis Sykes, and those four, under the firm name of D. A. Davis iV Co., carried on the business successfully until 18o8. In the latter year Mr. Davis and W. T. L^pham bought the mill of Noah Graves and increased its ca- |iaeity. In 18C() Mr. Davis bought Jfr. Underwood'.'-' interest, and took his sou, James Davis, as a partner. This firm carried on the business until 1860, when I he mill was closed. It was soon re-opened, however, and was owned in rapid succession by I'. Warren, J. (i. Coleman, Pratt & Pope and Parker, Pojte & Co. In 18T0 the latter firm began the manufacture of thmr sacks on an extensive scale. In 1871 Mr. Parker sold out ami the linn became I'ope it Bleasdale. They bought an old |ieg t';iet(pr\ aiul i)ut in four large machines, and turned tlu^ old •• Union House " into a sack factory. In March, 187o, Mr. Pope sold his interest to Mr. Bleasdale. The mill closed the same year. By January. 1870, the Chagrin Falls Paper Company had been organized, and hail acfpiircd the property, the following gentle- men being the directors : D. S. Pojie, 1. W, Pope, S. L. 1*01)0, S. I. Pope and David Smith. Thiscomimny has carried on the establishment to the present time, doiug a very largo business and employing about fifty hands. The sack factory alone has a capacity of twenty-five thousand sacks per day. AllA.MS & CO.'s PAPER Mil, I,. The site of this mill was origimdly occupied b\ liliss & Mayhew's flouring mill. It was changed into a woolen factory by Bliss & Pool. It was then trans- muted into a paper mill, under the pro]M-ietorship of the Lake Erie Paper Mill Company. While it be- longed to this company it was destroyed by fire. Il was afterwai'ds rebuilt and pa.7 it became C. Bullard & Sous, on the admission of Orson C. Bullard. New machinery was added about this time, and wliat is called "kitchen wooden ware'' became the ))rinci|ial article of manufacture. In 1867 the junior owner died, and the firm again became C. Bullard & Son. The business continued to increase, and was carried on by that firm until 1873, when Curtiss Bullard died. In 1875 J. S. Bullard became the sole proprietor and remained so until January, 1877, when Mr. Georu-e March purchased an interest and the firm became Bullard & March. In 1800 the firm obtained a patent for a new kind of butter mould, and this has since become the prin- cijial article of manufacture. Over a quarter of a million of these moulds are now made in a single year and the dennind is steadily increasing. Immense numbers of butter prints, rolling pins, eic, etc., are also made, all being sold exclusively at wholesale, and being shipjied to all parts of the continent. WILLIAMS* FOrXORY AND T11IMHLE SKEIN FACIORY. This establishment originated in the furnace erected by IJonajah Williams in 1844, and has ever since been in the hands either of Mr. Williams or of his .soii*, J. W. Williams, or as now, J. W. Williams & Sod. From the manufacture of the sim[)lest and rudest inm articles used in the immediate neighbor- hood, the estal)lishment has progressed until its i)rod- ucts arc now shipped by wholesale to all parts of Ohio and into several of the adjacent States. For many years the principal article i)rodnced has been the "seamless thimble skein,'" known as the " Williams skein," and celebrated for its convenience and durability. Numerous other iron articles, how- ever, are also Manufactured, including sad-irons, bolster plates, pruning tools, pumi) reels, etc., besides a large number of wooden articles, sucli as axe lian- dles, whilHetrees, etc.; all being renowned for their good (pialily, and the whole establishment, by its em- ployment of twenty artisans, contril)uting largely to the prosperity of the village in which it is situated. 433 THE TOWNSHIPS Of CUYAHOGA COUNTY. GAUSTTT S MACHINE SHOP. Adin Gaiiutt started the first machine shop in the phice in 1844, in a part of Rowe's carriage shoji After nine years of steadily increasing business, he bought the Maple Grange woolen factory in 1853, where for two years he made machinery for working wool and flax. After four years' absence he returned in 1859, and has since been constantly engaged in the manufacture of various kinds of machinery. He now has a large shop in the lower part of the village, where he manufactures planers, matchers, small steam engines, horse powers, etc., as well as all kinds of especially intricate machinery. OBER UROTHERS' PLANING MACHINE, ETC. This establishment was built by the present propri- etors in 1873, being a sawmill, together with macliines for planing and matching lumber, making mouldings, sash and blinds, and similar articles. A valuable lathe for irregular work has been patented by George 01)er, and the whole establishment is in a higiily flourishing condition. OTHER MANUFACTURES. Other manufactures besides the above are the Cha- grin Falls woolen mills. Rose Brothers' foundry, with Ira Smith's machine shop, D. Christian's foundrj^, W. A. Burnet's machine shop, J. 0. Malin's planing mill, and the Chagrin Falls niarl)le works, begun in 1877 by H. A. Sheffield. THE CONGREGATIONAL CIIUKCH. Thfs was organized as an independent Congrega- tional church on the 36th day of July, 1835, the fol- lowing being the first members; Thomas N. West, Rebecca R. West, Alexander H. Hart, Polly Hart, Timothy W. Osborn, Sarah Osborn, Salome Crosby, Andrew Dickinson and Thomas West. On the 10th of .lune, 1S3G, the church was received into the Inde- pendent Corigregational Union of Northern Ohio. On the 3d of January, 1837, it withdrew from that connection, and entered the General Association of the Western Reserve. For eight years after the organization the pnlj)it was occujjied by various temporary supplies, of whom no record has been kept. Rev. John S. Jiarris preached from 1843 to 1845. Rev. Abram Nast began to serve the church as pastor on the 15th of October, 1845. On the 5th of January, 1847, a constitution was formed, and the church once more became inde- pendent. In 1850 Rev. Mr. Ilojikins officiated as pastor. Ii; September, 1851, Rev. E. U. Taylor began to servr the church in tliat capacity, and continued unti 1855. He was succeeded by Rev. Josiah Cannon, who closed his services in Juh', 1857. In June of thai year the church united with the Cleveland prosbyterx of the New School Presbyterian Church. For many years after this no records show the pm ceedings of the church, and in fact, owing to the wa, and various circumstances, during much of the time there were no regular services. In 18G0 a decided effort was made to revive and strengthen the church. On the 14th of April, in that year, it was legally in- corporated under the name of the First Congrega- tional Church of Chagrin Falls. In October follow- ing, the Rev. G. W. Walker was called to the pastor- ate, and since that time the church has been steadily growing in numbers and usefulness. Mr. Walker officiated until 1873, when he retired to take part in the government of Atlanta University, Georgia. He was succeeded in January, 1873, by Rev. T. D. Childs, who remained until May, 1874. At that time Rev. A. D. Barber was called to the pulpit, which he occupied for two years. Rev. Wil- liam Woodmansee also served for two years, and was succeeded in October, 1878, by Rev. Edmund Gail. The church is now in a flourishing condition, hav- ing about a hundred and ten members. The Sabbath school attached to it has seventy-five members. The deacons are (in 1878) Lewis Gilbert, John Ober and R. W. Walters; the trustees. D. C. Egglestou. John S.. Bullard and R. AV. Walters; the clerk, George March. THE METHODIST CHURCH. As soon as any considerable number of persons were settled in the township, the indefatigable Metho- dist ministers began to go •' on circuit" among them, preaching to those of their faith and to whomsoever else might be willing to listen to their words. Down to 1844 the services were held in school-houses and private houses, there being no otlier means of accom- modation. In the summer of that year, however, a Methodist church was erected at the village of Cha- grih Falls, which has ever since been occupied by tiie by the members of that denomination. Chagrin Falls was a part of a very extensive cir- cuit. The visits of the ministers were necessarily infrequent, and the records kept were of the most meager description. We find, however, that in 1854 the circuit contained Chagrin Falls, Mayfield, Gales' Mills, Bainbridge, Orange Hill, Orange Center, Solon, Russell and Chester. The circuit ministers were Rev. Messrs. Patterson and Fonts. These two, together with Rev. D. C. Wright, also served on the circuit in 1855. In 1857 Chagrin Falls and Solon were made a circuit by themselves, on which Rev. E. J. Kenney served in 1857 and '58, and Rev. T. Guy in 1850. "(io and '61. Since that time Chagrin Falls has been a separate station, with the following ministers: Thomas Stubbs, 1863, '63 and '64; John Graham, part of 1864; II. N. Stearns, 1865 and "66; John O'Neal, 1867; Geo. J. Bliss, 1868; C. T. Kingsbury, 1869 and '70; G. W. Chessebro, 1871; N. H. Holmes, 1873 and '73; W. T. Wilson, 1874; B. Excell, 1875 and '76; A. H. Dormer, 1877 and '78. THE DISCIPLE CHURCH. Rev. Adamson Bentlcy w.as nnqupstionably the principal person engaged in founding the Discijile ^ Dt NTorv/ CHAGRIN FALLS. 433 Church in Chagrin Falls. In February, 1831, he moved to the point now known as Bcntleyville, and at once began preaching in the nearest log school liouse. Before long there were about thirty believers gathered, and a chui-ch was constituted under the general superintendence of Mr. Bentley, with Gama- liel Kent as assistant overseer. The first deacons were R. E. Russell and Zadoc Bowell. For several years the congregation usually met at the Griffitli school-house; afterwards at the village of Chagrin Falls. In 1840 a large tent-meeting of the Disciples of Cuyahoga and Geauga counties was held at Chagrin Falls, which was attended by the venerable Alexander Campbell, the most prominent minister of the de- nomination. Siiortly afterward a church building was erected by the Disciples at Chagrin Falls, whicii has since been occupied by them. In 1849 lectures on the evidences of Christianity were delivered at the Falls by Rev. Isaac Errett, one of the ablest and most logical of the Disciple ministers. Nine years later, James A. Garfield, then a young Disciple min- ister, since distinguished as a soldier and a statesman, defended the cause of Christianity in a vigorous dis- cussion with riiitLou, a celebrated infidel lecturer, in which the youthful champion displayed much of that thoroughness of information and closeness of reason- ing for which he has in later years become celebrated on a wider field. Since the war the church has steadily increased in numbers and vigor, and now contains about a hun- dred and forty members, with the following officers: .1. G. Coleman and C. II. Welton, overseers; George -M. King, Ransom Bliss and Martin Bentley, deacons; Mrs. Jennie Burns, Mrs. Louisa M. Tucker, Mrs. Calista MeClintoek, deaconesses. Ministers have not been regularly employed during the whole of the time since the organization of the church, but have been during a large part of it; the following being the principal persons who have oc- cupied the pulpit: Adamson Bentley, Wm. ilayden, \V. S. Hamlin, \V. T. Horner, James A. Garfield, J. II. Rhodes, B. A. Hinsdale, Sterling xMcBride, R. G. White, W. S. Hayden, J. G. Coleman, Andrew Burns (lS7"-i to 1878), and James Vernon, the jiresent incumbent. TIIK FRKI': Wll.I, liAITIST arty to which he belonged was in the minoritv at that time, and hence he was assigned to inferior places on committees. Instead of forwarding desirable measures he was engaged in combating those he considered deleterious, among the most noted of which was the "Geghan bill," which it was claimed was introduced and pressed in the interest of the Ko- man Catholic church. In 1875 he was again elected to the senate, and served as president pro tern. Upon the resignation of Gov. Hayes and the installation of the lieutenant governor as acting governor in the spring of 1877, Mr. Curtiss was made president of the senate and acting lieutenant governor. He took an active part in the debates during this term. In the fall of 1877 Dr. Curtiss peremptorily refused to become a candidate for renomination, and in- structed the delegates from his township under no cir- cumstances to allow his name to go before the conven- tion. There was, however, such a strong desire to see him again in tlie field, that one hour before the con- vention organized parties were dispatclied to the Ikr- «/(/ office and a few ballots were hurriedly printed. Upon the second ballot Dr. Curtiss was renominated over four competitors. He accepted with great re- luctance, but was elected and served the full term of t wo years. In addition to his legislative duties he has taken an active and a ]irominent part in the administration of local affairs. He served for fifteen years as a member of the village school board, and then resigned. Three years after he was again induced to become a candi- date, and in the spring of 1870 his name was placed on both tickets. He was re-elected by an almost unan- imous vote. As a politician he ever preserved the strictest honor and integrity. Possessing great ability, tact and skill as a legislator, he always exerted his influence in the cause of right and justice. During the rebellion he was an ardent supporter of the Union, and contrib- uted in different ways to the assistance of the National cause. He is an active and valued member of tlie Masonic order, and also of the order of Odd Fel- lows. Dr. Curtiss is a man of strong and unflinching will. He is willing to receive the advice of others, but when he has once decided on his course, adheres to it with extraordinary firmness. As a physician he has beeii pre-eminently successful, and has attained a wide celebrity. Of dignified presence, courteous address and high character, he is in every way fitted for his profession of physician, as well as for the position of a representative of the people. In Chagrin Falls he is to a considerable extent the adviser of both poor and rich, cpiite a number of the citizens making a consultation with Dr. Curtiss the first step in any im- portant transaction. He was married in 1846 to Miss Olive B. Rood of Charlestown. They have had four children: Dwight C, engaged in the manufacture of paper in Akron; Dan P.. a iiromisinglad who died at the age of thirteen; Paul, and Virginia. CHAPTER LXXIII. DOVER. Boundaries, Surface, etc.— Attractions as a Place of Residence— Early- Settlement— Joseph Cahoon— The Old Tea Kettle— Cahoon Pioneer Association— A Large Riding Whip— Asahel Porter— First Store— Leverett Johnson— Philo Taylor— Dr. Turner— The Flat-Iron Cure- Other Pioneers— Blood's Tavern— J. & N. Crocker— Moses Hall and Family— Amos Sperry-Sj'lvanus Smith and Others— First Births and Marriages— Drowning of Mrs. Porter— Captured by Indians— Civil Or- ganization— Fitst Election and Officers— List of Principal Officers- Dover Center and North Dover— Post Offices— Second Congregational Church— Methodist Church at Dover Center— Lake Shore Jlethodist Church— First Baptist Church— St. John's Church— Lutheran Church —Schools— Dover Academy— Agricultural Society— Dover Lodge, I. O. O. F.— Northwest Encampment— Daughters of Rebekah— Other Or- ganizations—Burial Places— Dover Furnace— The Grist Mill, Etc — Wischmeyer's Vineyards— Dover 1 ay Grape Company- Stone Quar- TiiE township of Dover, which occupies the extreme northwestern corner of Cuyahoga county, is bound- ed by Lake Erie on the nortii; by the township of Olmsted on the south; by Rockport on the east, and by Avon, in Lorain county, on the west. It is town- ship number seven in range fifteen, and covers an area of about twenty-five square miles. The surface is generally level or gently undulating, the soil is fruitful, and the jjcople are chiefly engaged in agri- cultural pursuits. The farmers as a rule are men of education and good understanding, and they have not only trans- formed the forest of sixty years ago into fine-looking farms, but they have also embellished it with many handsome residences — evidencesat once of refinement and wealth. The lake shore region is largely devoted to the culture of the grape, the business being exten- sive and profitable. Fruit-growing has latterly re- ceived liberal attention in all parts of the township, and in time this branch of agriculture is likely to be- come very important. The public roads are numer- ous and well constructed, but as yet the limits of Dover have been untouched by a railway, although there is convenient railway communication at stations 436 THE TOWXSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUXTY. near at hand in other townships. Although there are numerous small streams their water power is feeble, and is used to only a very limited extent. As a place of residence, especially in the summer time and near the lake shore, Dover has attracted much attention, and in the season mentioned many come within its borders to seek the healthful atmosphere and cooling zephyrs found upon the bluiis which overlook Lake Erie. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first white person to settle in what is now the township of Dover was Joseph Cahoon, who migrated with his family from Vergennes, Vermont, and on the morning of October 10, 1810, located upon laud purchased of Datus Kelley, the agent for Hubbard & Stowe, the Connecticut owners of this portion of the Western Reserve. Mr. Gaboon's family consisted of himself, wife and seven children, of which latter the only one now living is Joel B. Gaboon, who, at the age of eighty-six, still resides on the old homestead. /^They traveled from Vermont to Dover in a wagon drawn by four horses, and a fifth horse was ridden by the girls in turn, in order to give some relief to a ter- ribly tedious journey. They finally stopped on lot eighty-five, on the east side of Cahoon creek, at its mouth. In four days Mr. Cahoon had completed a log house, the big wagon-box having meanwhile served as a place of nightly repose for the females of the family. The tea-kettle which did duty on the occasion of the first meal taken by the Gaboon family in Dover is still in the possession of Joel B. Gaboon, and at the first celebration by tlie Gaboon Pioneer Association (held October 10, 1860, on the spot where Joseph Galloon built bis log bouse in 1810), a fire was built on the old hearth-stone, tea was steeped in the old tea kettle, and pies were eaten and made from apples borne by the first fruit-tree set out in the township. The Cahoon Pioneer Association, it may be noted, has for its purpose the annual celebration in a pleas- ant and social way of Joseph Gaboon's settlement in Dover. Meetings arc held upon the Gaboon place, and are participated in only by members of the Ga- boon family and their immediate friends. At the meeting in 1878, about one hundred and twenty per- sons were present. These assemblages were held for a few years upon each lOtb of October — ^the anniver- sary of Joseph Gaboon's settlement — but, in deference to the wishes of some aged people, the date was changed to August 28, the anniversary of that gentle- man's birth. Joseph Gaboon built upon Galloon's creek the first grist-mill west of the Cuyahoga river, the frame being raised September 10, 1813,* the day of Perry's vic- * There seems to have been a good deal of buildin.or and raising on the lake shore that day. One lot of men were tinishinsr the court-house at Cleveland; another was raising a barn in Euclid; Mr. Cahoon and his friends were raising a grist-mill in Dover, and there were perhaps other instances, of which we have not beard. tory. Joseph and his son, Joel B., quarried two mill- stones in the creek at North Dover, and these stones are now preserved on Mr. Gaboon's place as relics of the olden time. They also erected a saw-mill near by, and likewise a distilleiy, where they made peach brandy — Mr. Gaboon engaging to some extent in peach culture. In 181-1 Joel was sent by his father to Brownbelm for a man to assist in the distillery, and before be set out on his return be pulled a small locust plant for a riding whip. When he reached home he planted it upon his father's place, and now the riding whip, grown to a handsome tree of massive proportions, shades tlie lawn in front of the Gaboon homestead, a graceful reminder of the historic past. In 1818 .Joseph Gaboon built tlie liou.^e now occu- pied by his son Joel B., and there he died in 1829, at the age of seventy-five. On the evening of the day on which Joseph Ga- boon and his family entered Dover (October 10, 1810), Asahel Porter and his family, together with Leverett Johnson (bis nephew), then in bis seventeenth year, came into the same townsbii?. Leverett Johnson had been living with the family in Connecticut, whence they came to Dover. Mr. Porter, with the assist- ance of George Peake, of Eockport, put up a log house upon lot ninety-four, now occupied by Charles Hassler. The spot upon which the house stood was long ago washed into the lake. Of the two children who came with Mr. Porter, one, Mrs. Catharine Foot, still resides in Dover, aged seventy-three. Mrs. Porter was drowned in Eocky river in 1814, and not long after that event Mr. Porter removed to Eock- port, after renting his Dover farm to Silas and Elisha Taylor. Before that, however, he kept a store on the lake shore, in Dover, and was postmaster there in 1815. The book in which he kept his store accounts is now in the possession of L. H. Jolinson, Esq., of Dover. Almost immediatelv after bis arrival in Dover, Leverett Johnson, although scarcely more than a boy, began alone to clear land on lot fifty-eight, continuing to live, however, with Mr. Porter. Two j'ears later young Johnson located upon lot thirteen, where liis son, L. H. Johnson, now resides. Usually he spent iiis Sundays at Mr. Porter's, but during the week lived alone in the wilderness. During the first sea- son bis house consisted of a bark roof set against an old log. He was the only settler in that section, and no doubt found life somewhat lonesome; but be worked sturdily away, and, although Indians and wild beasts were plentiful, he suffered no molestation. The Indians were friendly, and sometimes assisted liim in his farm labors; the wild beasts he seared away at night by keeping up a fire. Young Johnson mar- ried Abigail Gaboon in 1814, and conducted his bride to a new log-bouse, which be bad that year erected upon his farm. Mr. Johnson was early a prominent member of tlie settlement, and during his life was freipiently called DOVKH. 43: to fill positions of considerable importance, lie was justice of the peace from 1827 to 1833, and served live terms in the State legislature. After a useful life of unwonted activity, he died upon the old home- stead in 1850, ill liis sixty-secQud 3'ear. I'liilo Taylor, an early settler in Rockport, located oil the lake shore in Dover, in 1811, and there built the first sawmill in the township. He also opened the first tavern iu Dover, but remained in the town- ship only a few years. Dr. John Turner, also a Rock- piu't settler, moved thence to Dover in 1813, locating on the place no\v occupied by C. C. Reed. He was I he first physician in the township, and had a pecul- iar theory about consumption. He contended that if the patient would exercise daily by swinging a fiat- iron in each hand, a cure would be effected. His wife, being consumptive, tried the remedy, but died in sjiite of it. Dr. Turner afterwards moved to Carlisle, Ohio, and thence to AVisconsin, where he died. Joseph Stocking came out from Ashfield, Massachu- setts, with his uncle, Jonathan Smith, in 1811, and jjurchased land from the latter, in Dover. He re- turned to Massachusetts for his family, but postponed their removal on account of the war of 1812. In 1815, however, he migrated to Dover with his wife and five children, accompanied by Nehemiah Porter, John Smith, Asa Blood, Wells Porter, Jesse Lilly and liyal Ilolden — all being related to him by blood or marriage. He migrated to Dover, and located upon the place now occupied by his son Joseph. There he lived until his death in 1877, at the age of ninety-five years and three months. Jesse Lilly settled first upon the North Ridge, but moved subseipiently to thcsoutiiern part of thetowu- sliip. John Smith located on lot fifty-five, and Ryal Ilolden about a mile and a half west of tiie present village of Dover Center. Soon after his arrival, Asa Blood built a log tavern at the place where he after- wards erected the brick hotel now kept l)y Philip I'liillips. In 1825, when Rlood was jjostmaster, one Woolverton drove a mail stage between Cleveland and Klyria, and delivered the mail at Dover ('enter three times a week. Nehemiah Porter, with his wife and two children, and Wells Porter, a bachelor, located on lot forty-five. After residing with Nehemiali two years. Wells made a settlement upon lot fifteen. In 181C Ebenezer Porter also came to Dover. Nehemiah and Ebenezer resided in that township until they died; Wells moved to Cleveland, and ended his days there. Jede- duih Crocker moved in June, 1811, from Lee, Mass- achusetts, with his wife and seven children, to Euclid, Ohio, wiience Noah, iiis son, went to Dover, where tlie elder owned land. Noaii, with his wife and three ciuldren, settled upon a portion of his father's land, and besides giving it some of his attention, used to go occasionally to Elyria to work in a furnace. He resided in Dover until his death; his children all re- moved farther west. In 1816 Jedediah Crocker left Euclid, and with his family settled in Dover, upon the place cleared by his son Noah. The old gentle- man had purchased considerable land in Dover from Hubbard & Stowe in Connecticut, but after his ar- rival in the West sold all of it except two lots, at $1.25 per acre — just what it had cost him. At the time of his settlement his nearest neighbors were Barnabas Hall, Thomas Foot, Sylvanus Phinney, Bernard Case, Jesse Lilly, Jonathan Smith, and Henry and Jasher Taylor. Moses Hall, of Lee, Massachusetts, bought twenty- one hundred acres of land in Dover in 1810, and in the same j'ear removed with his twelve children to Ashtabula, Ohio. Of the Dover tract, he gave to each of his seven sons one hundred acres, and to each of his five daughters fifty acres. Two of his sons Barnabas and James, and one of his daughters, with her husband, Nathan Bassett, settled in Dover in 1811. Barnabas Hall located on lot sixty-two, now occupied by his son Charles, and remained there till his death. James settled upon lot fifty-one, but in 1821 returned to Ashtabula, where he has since re- sided, having in July, 1870, reached his eighty- eighth year. Nathan Bassett occupied lot eighty-two. He had a turning-lathe, and manufactured chairs, and was also known far and near as a groat hunter and manager of bees. He was killed by lightning while at work in his barn in 1842. Nancy, another daughter of Moses Hall, married David Ingersoll, and in 1820 they settled in Dover upon lot thirty- seven. They had seven children, but survived them all; he dying in January, 1879, aged eighty-three, and she in April of the same year, aged eighty. Charles, a son of Moses Hall, settled in Dover in 1821, upon lot forty-eight. He died in April, 1878. His surviving sons in Dover are Reuben and Z. S. Hall. In 1817 Jesse Atwell, with his wife and five chil- dren, came from Steuben county. New York, and on the 4th of July landed at Cleveland. Fi'om tliere they pushed on to Dover, traveling so slowly that they were a day and a half in going to Rockv river, and seeing but one framed house on the wav. Mr. Atwell had bought lot sixty-eight of Moses Hall, but at the end of five years he bought lot seventv-nine from Ilubliard & Stowe for four dollars and twentv cents an acre. There he resided until his death in 1875, aged eighty-nine. Amos Sperry came west from Oneida countv. New York, in 1815, and jjurchased lot sixty of Lyman Root, an early settler upon it, who then moved to Ridgeville. Mr. Sperry oi)ened a blacksmith shop and a tavern on his place as soon as 1818, although he put up no tavern-sign until 1824. That sign was recently in the pos.sessiou of the Sjierry familv. JIi-. Sperry kept tavern there only a few \'ears, but fol- lowed farming upon his place until his death in 1848, at the ripe age of eighty-seven. His son, Amos Han- som Sjjcrry, who had preceded him into Dover a \"ear, resided upon the homestead until he died. Junia Sperry, of Dover Center, is the only direct descend- 438 THE TOWNSniPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ant of Amos Sperry now living. In 1818 Amos R. Sperry mavried the widow of Junia Beach, one of Elyria's early settlei-s. She survived her last hus- band many years, dying in Rockport in 1877, aged one hundred years. Among other early settlers in Dover were Jason Bradley, Jolm Wolf, Jetliro Butler, Aaron Aldrich, Lyman Root, Eber Loomis and Joseph Root. Sylvauus Smith was the first settler at the place now known as Dover Center, and built a Jiousc upon the site of the store now there. Asa Blood, who kept the first tavern at the center, married a sister of Sylvauus Smith, and two other sisters of Smitli married Ansel Rice and Asher Cooley, both Dover pioueers. Mr. Smith was a wide-awake, stir- ring citizen, a strong advocate of the temperance cause, and the builder of several liouses at the center. In 182G Joseph Porter, of Ashfield, Massachusetts, migrated to Dover with four children — Jemima, John, Leonard and Rebecca, going by way of tlie Erie canal to Buffalo, thence by lake to Cleveland, and the rest of tlie way by stage. Mr. Porter located on lot four- teen, where he died in 184-1, at the age of eighty-four. James C^ise, with a family of nine children, moved in 1816 from Ashfield, Massachusetts, to Dover, and lo- cated on the North Ridge, west of Cahoon's creek, where he soon after put up a sawmill. He died in less than two years, leaving his eldest son, Bernard, to care for the family. He moved about 1826 to New Yoi-k. Another son, Osborn Case, is now a resident of Rockport, whither he went in 1833. James Case had served as a privateer in the war of 177G, and dur- ing liis residence in Dover had followed tlie pursuits of a cooper, a miller, and a farmer. Sumner Adams accompanied Case from Massachusetts to Dover, where he engaged in business as a blacksmith, re- turning, however, to New England at the expiration of four years. EARLY INCIDENTS. The first white child born in the township was Angelina, daughter of Asahel Porter. The date of her birth was April 1, 1812. It is claimed that Vesta, daughter of Nathan Bassett, was the first born, but the best available evidence shows the date of her birth to have been June 1-4, 1812. The first male child born in Dover was Franklin, son of Joseph Cahoon. The first marriage in che township was that of Lev- erett Johnson and Abigail, daughter of Joseph Ca- hoon. John S. Reed, of Black River, — the first jus- tice of the peace chosen in Dover, — performed the marriage service in Cahoon's log house. The second couple married were Jethro Butler and Betsey Smith. On the 1st day of April, 1814, Asahel Porter's wife and infant child, Noah Crocker, and George, son of Jonathan Smith, made a journey to Cleveland in an open boat. Upon their return, being overtaken by a storm, they sought to put in at the mouth of Rocky river, when the boat was capsized and Mrs. Porter, her babe, and George Smith were -drowned, Crocker alone escaping. The daughter of Daniel Page — who settled at an early date on lot ninety-seven aud put up the first framed house in Dover — while tempora- rily sojourning in an adjoining townshi]), was carried away by Indians, from whom, however, after a brief captivity, she was recaptured by United States sol- diers. ORGANIZATION. The surveyed township nowconstitnting Dover (No. seven in range fifteen) was, at the time of its earliest settlement, owned by Nehemiah Hubbard and Josiah S to we, to whom it had fallen on the division of the Western Reserve among the joint proprietors, as narra- ted in the general history. The civil township of Do- ver was formed November 4, 1811, and embraced a large tract, extending nearly twenty-five miles along the lake shore as appears by the following extracts from the records: November 4, 1811, it was by the county commissioners ordered "that the following townships be and are hereby incorporated into a separate town" ship by the name of Dover, viz: Townshijjs No. seven in fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth ranges and all that part of No. seven which lies east of the Black river in the eighteenth range, and to be in effect on the next annual meeting." * * * March 6, 1812, it was further ordered "that all that tract of land lying west of the town of Dover and west of township No. six in range sixteen, and east of the east line of the Fire-lands, so called, and north of township five in ranges seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, be and is hereby annexed to said township of Dover." The first township election was held April 6, 1812, at the house of Pliilo Taylor, at which eighteen votes were cast by the following electors: Pliilo Taylor, George Kelso, John Jordan, John Brittle, Noah Da- vis, Andrew Kelso, Timothy Wallace, David Smith, Joseph Calioon, Joseph Qnigley, Ralph Lyon, Joseph Root, Jonathan Seeley, Moses Eldred, Azariah Beebe, Lyman Root, Asahel Porter and Daniel Perry. Some of these lived as far west as Black river, aud some lost all identity with Dover, on account of its con- traction to its present limits. The officers chosen at that election were Asahel Porter, township clerk; Daniel Periy, Jose2ih Quigley and Asahel Porter, trustees; Asahel Porter, Jose])h Cahoon and Azariah Beebe, overseers of the poor; Andrew Kelso and Moses Eldred, fence viewers; Jonathan Seeley, lister and appraiser; Noah Davis, Ralph Lyon, Moses Eldred, Sylvauus Fleming, Daniel Brittle aud Lyman Root, supervisors of highways; Philo Taylor, treasurer; Jonathan Seeley and Philo Taylor, constables. On the 16th of May, 1812, John S. Reed was chosen justice of the peace. At the second election, which was for State officers, only ten votes were cast. In 1819 but tliirty-two votes were cast at the township election. The names of the per- sons who have served the township as trustees, clerks aud treasurers from 1812 to 1879, are given in the following list: DOVER. 439 ISli. Trustees, Daniel Perry, Joseph Qaigley, Asauel Porter; clerk, Asahel Porter; treasurer, Philo Taylor. ISI.!. Trustees, >fathan Bassett, Noah Crocker, Daniel Perry; clerk, Asahel Pi>rti'r; treasurer, Philo Tivylor. isil. Trustees. Daniel Perry, Jonathan Taylor, John Turner; clerk, .\snhel Porter; treasurer, Philo Taylor. Isi."). Trustees, Amos K. Sperry, Daniel Perry, Nathan Itassett: elerk, .Tiihn Turner; treasurer, Leverett Johnson. isiii. Trustees, Wilbur Cahoon, Nathan Bassett, DatusKelley; clejk, Noah t'rocker; treasurer, Leverett Johnson. 1H17. Trustees, Nathan IJassett, Joseph StockinR, Asa lilood; clerk, Noah ('rocker; treasurer, Leverett Johnson. ISIS. Trustees. Henry Taylor. Leverett Johnson, Samuel Crocker; clerk, Noah Crocker; treasurer, Thomas Foot. 1819. Trustees, John Smith, Samuel Crocker, Amos Cahoon; clerk, Thomas Foot; treasurer, Samuel Crocker. lS2i). Trustees, Leverett .Johnson, Amos Cahoon, Thomas Foot; clerk, Sanniel Crocker; treasurer, Jedediah Crocker. Wil. Trustees. Nathan Bassett, Amos R. Sperry, Leverett Johnson; clerk, John F. Smith; treasurer, Amos R. Sperry. lX2i. Trustees, Amos R. Sperry, Noah Crocker, Amos Cahoon; clerk, John F. Smith; treasurer, Henry Taylor. ISii. Trustees, Noah Crocker, Amos Cahoon, David Ingersoll; clerk, Asa Blood; treasurer, Henry T.iylor. 1H21. Trustees. Nathan Bassett, David Ingersoll, Thomas Foot; clerk, Asa Blood; treasurer, Henry Taylor. is-.i5. Trustees, Nathan Bassett. Joseph Stocking, .\sher M. Coe; clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, Noah Cracker. 18-21!. Trustees, Joseph Stocking, Thomas Foot; clerk, Wells Porter; treasurer, Noah Crocker. isar. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Nathan Bassett, John Smith ; clerk, Wells Porter; treasurer. Joseph Stocking. ISJH Trustees, Leverett Johnson, John Smith, Thos. Foot; clerk, Wells Porter; treasurer, Joseph Stocking. IS:.'!!. Trustees, Thos. Foot, Joseph Stocking, Leverett Johnson; clerk, Wells Porter; treasurer, Hiram Smith. isio. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Asa Blood, Amos R. Sperrj*; clerk, Wi'lls Porter; treasurer, Hiram Smith. issi. Trustees, A. M. Coe, Asa Blood, Thos. Foot; clerk, Jason Brad- ley; treasurer, Hiram Smith. W-ia. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Itathan Bassett, A. M. Coe; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Hiram Smith. IKja. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Rial Holden, Asa Blood; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1S3I. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Chas. Hall, Leverett Johnson; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1K3.5. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Leverett Johnson, Amos R. Sperry; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. l.s;tli and iwir. Trustees, .\mos Cahoon, Leverett ,Iohn.son, Thomas Foot; clerk, Ell Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. isis. Trustees, A. R. Sperry, Nathan Bassett, Austin Lilly; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer. Asher Cooley. Will. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Nathan Bassett, .\usliri Lilly; clerk Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1810. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Arza Dickinson, .Varon .\ldrich; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, L. G. Porter. IH41. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Thomas Foot, Charles; Hall; clerk. Eli Clemens; treasurer, L G. Porter. IH-IS. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, A. S. Farr, A. R. Sperry; clerk, E. T. Smith; treasurer, Marius Moore. 11*13. Trustees. A. S. Farr, Austin Lilly, A. M. Coe; clerk, E. T. Sniilh: treasurer, Marius Moore. l.s.tl. Trustees Joseph Brown, Leverett Johnson, Benjamin Kied: clerk, E. T. Smith: treasurer, L. G. Porter. 1815. Trustees, A. S. Farr, Aaron Aldrlch, Benj. Reed; clerk, W. Por- ter; treasurer, L. G. Porter. IHKi. Trustees, Aaron .Vldrich, Leverett Johnson, Marius Moore; clerk, W. Porter; treasui-er, L. (J. Porter. 1H47. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Arza Dickinson, Thomas H. Hall; clerk, \\ ells Porter; treasurer, L. O. Porter. IHIK. Trustees. Arza Dickinsou, Chas. H. Hall. Alfred Willard; clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, L. O. Porter. IMll. Trustees, A. M. Coe, Wm. Saddler, N. Coburn; clerk, J. M. Brad- ley; treasurer, Edwin Coe. 18.'i0. Trustees, A. M. Coe, S. U. Towner, Henry Winsor; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, D. W. Porter. 1H&1. Trustees. S. U. Towner. Henry Winsor, N. H. .\ustin: clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Marius Moore. I85S and 185.!. Trustees, Marius Moore, C. H. Tobey, Chas. IL Hall; clerk, L. H. Johnson; treasurer, Edwin Farr. 1S.M. Trustees, Marius Moore, C. H. Tobey, Chas. H. Hall; clerk, L. H. Johnson; treasurer, Lester Simons. 1H.M. Trustees, Chas. H. Hall, D. W. Porter, R. G. McCarty; clerk, A. .\. Lilly; treasurer. . 185«. Trustees, C. E. Barnum, H. H. Knight, Edwin Farr: clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Jonathan Spencer. 1857. Trustees, R. H. Knight, N. H. Austin, Q. W. Laughlin; clerk, Eli Clemens ; treasurer, J. Spencer. 1858. Trustees, A. S. Farr, Josiah Hurst. Reuben Hall: clerk Eli Clemens; treasurer, J. Spencer. 1859. Trustees, Josiah Hurst, Dennis Dow, Clark Smith: clerk, .lolni W'ilson. ISIIO. Trustees, Dennis Dow, S. L. Beebe, A. P. Johnson; clerk. John Wilson. j 18iil. Trustees, Josiah Hurst, Reuben Hall, A. P.Johnson; clerk, John Wilson. 1862. Trustees, Jonathan Spencer, Adolphus Gridley, Dennis Dow: clerk, Eli Clemens. 1863. Trustees, A. J. Coe, Jonathan Spencer, Edwin Farr; clerk, Thos. Foote. 1804. Trustees, Dennis Dow, Junia Sperry, H. W. Aldrich; clerk, A. A. Lilly. 18i'>5. Trustees. Dennis Dow, Thos. Foot, A. P. Johnson; clerk, A. A. Lilly. 18(;i). Trustees, H. D. Lanphair, S. W. Simons, E. F. Walker; clerk, E. Meriam. 1867. Trustees, L. H. Johnson, J. Rose, E. S. Lewis; clerk, A. S. Porter. 1,868. Trustees, J. Rose, A. S. Ward, S. W. Simons; clerk, A. S. Porter. 1869. Trustees, J. Rose, A. A. Lilly, A. S. Ward; clerk, i. S. Porter. 1870. Trustees, A. A. Lilly, A. P. Smith, H. P. Johnson; clerk, A. S. Porter. 1871. Trustees, R. Hall, G. Reublin, N. G. Porter; clerk, C. Pease. 1872. Trustees, A. G. Porter, Leon Coe, J. N. Hurst; clerk, C. Pease. 1878. Trustees, L. H. Johnson, Leon Coe, A. J. Coe; clerk, C. Pease. 1874. Trustees, A. J. Coe, Perry Powell, J. N. Hurst; clerk, H. B. Smith. 1875. Perry Powell, S. W. Simons, J. N. Hurst; clerk, H. B. Smith. 1876. Trustees, S. W. Simons, A. J. Coe, Reuben Hall; clerk, John Wilson. 1877. Trustees, S. W. Simons, L. M. Coe, Henry Wischmeyer; clerk, John Wilson. 1878 Trustees, Jas. L. Hadd, S. W. Simons, H. Wischmeyer; clerk, Jas. Pease ; ti-easurer, Calvin Pease. 1879. Trustees, A. ,1. Coe, David Sites, Benj. Chappel; clerk, Herbert Lilly; treasurer. Calvin Pease. VILLAGES. Altliousli jiossessing no iucorponited village, Dover hits witliiu its limits two Imnilets— Dover Center mid North Dover — of which the former is the larger and more thriving. The town Jiall is located there — a fine two-story brick strnctnre, bnilt in 1873 — and it also has a graded school, a Masonic and Odd Fellows' lodge, a large steam gristmill, a store, several shops, a cluircli and a good number of handsome residences. North Dover, a mile north of the Center, is near a German settlement and has a German church, an e.x- cellent German school, a township school, a store and perhaps a dozen dwellings. POST OFFICES. Dover's first postmaster was Asahel Porter, who kej)t a store and post office on the lake shore near tlie Avon line in 181.5. Reuben Osborn was his successor, and afterwards Eli Clemens received the office. He removed it to North Dover, where it now is. Calvin Phiniiey was the ne.xt incumbent, and after him Daniel Brown, the present postmaster. The first postmaster at Dover Center was Asa Blood, who kept the tavern at that place. Marius Moore, who succeeded Blood as the landlord, was also the ne.xt postmaster, and for many years the jiost- office was locateil in the tavern. Tlie present incum- bent is Hon. J. M. Cooley. A. M. Coe, a settler in 1823, was appointed postmaster at Coe Ridge, in the southern jiart of Dover, in 1843, and remained so until 1804. The office was removed into Olmstead iii 440 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CtTYAHOGA COtTNTt. 1864, but in 1866 it was hiouglit b.ick to Dover, when Mr. Coe was reappointed, continuing in the office until his death in 1867. In 1874: a change to Olm- stead was again made, and there the office .still re- mains. SE(;OND CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF DOVER. This religious organization is the outgrowth of a Congregational Church organized in Lee, Mas.sacliu- setts, June 5, 1811, with eight member.s, as follows: Jedediah Crocker and Sarah, his wife, Lydia, wife of Moses Hall, Katy, wife of Abijah Crosby, Jouatiian and Abuer Smith and their wives. Of these eight, Jedediah and Sarah Crocker and the two Smith fam- ilies removed shortly afterwards to Dover, and on their arrival continued the Lee church organization, changing, however, the name to the Congregational Church of Dover. The little band having at first no minister, used to meet every Sabbath to worship with prayer and song. Alvin Coe, a missionary to the Indians, coming that way, preached to them three months, after which they reverted to their former simple service. The church increased slowly, and in 1822 a log meeting-house was built near where the present church edifice stands. Some years afterward the meeting-house was destroyed bj^ fire, and the services were held in Josejih Stock- ing's barn and in the town-house, until the completion of tlie church building now in use. About 1840 the church was divided on the slavery question, and until 1847 one congregation worshiped in the church building and the other in the town house. In that year the two bodies were reunited and reorganized as the Second Congregational church of Dover, with fifty-one members, and the following trustees: John Porter, Leverett Johnson, David In- gersoll. The first deacons of the reorganized church were Alfred Millard, Jonathan Cakes, Selden Osborn, Josiah Hurst. Since 1847 about two 'hundred and seventy-five persons have been received into tiic church. Among the early preachers. Rev. John McCrea was the most prominent. He preached in 1826 and after- ward, and was very highly esteemed. The pastor in charge at present is Rev. Henry Walker. The pres- ent trustees are L. G. Porter, George Whitsey and John Rose. An old record testifies that the " Dover Congrega- tional Society" was organized December 28, 1818, "for the support of the gospel," and that the mem- bers were Noah Crocker, Nehemiah Porter, Davie Ingersoll, John Smith, Jesse Lily, Asher Corley. Wells Porter, Jonathan Smith, Stephen Smith, Sylva nusPhinney, Jcdediaii Crocker, Dennis Taylor, Barnn bas Hall, James Hall, Siimuel Crocker and Solonio; Ketchum. Another old record sets forth that tli First Congregational Society of Dover was incorpo rated February 9, 1831, and that the incorporator were Calvin Phinney, Sylvanus Crocker, Josiah Ilurs; and Reuben Osborn. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT DOVER CENTER. Thi.s bodi^ was organized about 1825, but in the absence of records very little can be gleaned concern- ing its early history. The first meetings were held in residences and barns; later, the town-house and the Episcopal church were used for that purpose. The house of worship now occupied by the society was erected in 18.53. The church is attached to the Rock- port circuit, and is suppi^lied by Rev. John McKean. The membership numbers about one hundred, and that of the Sunday school about fifty. The present trustees are William Dempsev, James Elliott and Jerome Beai-dsley. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH ON THE LAKE SHORE. This was organized as early as 1827 in the town- ship school-house, by Rev. Eliphalet, brother of Leverett Johnson. The class contained at first but six members, but increased quite rapidly. In 1840 the present church building was erected. Mr. John- son preached to the congregation until he removed from the township in 1842, since which time the church has been supplied by ministers attached to the Rockport circuit, Rev. J. McKean being now in charge. The membership is at present exceedingly small, numbering but seven persons; of whom the three male membei's, Sherman Osborn, Marshal Ga- boon and Henry P. Foot, are the trustees. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF DOVER. This church was organized February 24, 1836, with the following members: Aaron Aldrich and wife, Wni. W. Aldrich, Julia Ann Aldrich, .Jesse Atwell and wife, Phineas Alexander and wife, Wm. Nesbitt and wife. Meetings were held at first in the Lake- Shore school-house and in the town-house. In 1845 a house of worship was built on Justus Stocking's land near North Dover, and there the congregation continued to worship until 1836, at which time, the church having by removals and deaths lost nearly all its members, services were discontinued, nor have they to this day been revived. Elders Dimmock of Olmstead, Wire of Rockport, Lockwood of PeiTy, and Jas. Goodrich, were among those who preached to the church directly after its organization. The last settled pastor was Rev. Mr. Newton, who was engaged in 1845. The church building stood until 1878, when it was destroyed by fire. ST. .ioiin's (episcopal) church. This organization, founded in 1837, is now extinct, and only a part of its history can be obtained. The members in 1842 were Chas. Hall, Weller Dean, Jesse Lilly, Austin Lilly, Albinus Lilly and a few others, although the average attendance was quite large. A church building was erected in 1837, just north of Dover Center. It is now used by Calvin Pease as a barn. Services were at first conducted by ->^^- L. G. PORTER. About two hundred and fifty years ago the first pioneer of the Porter family found his way to our shores from England. To-day persons of the name are scattered far and wide through the vast domains of our great republic, and many bearing it have occupied places of trust and honor in the nation's councils of peace and war. Two years after the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth Rock, Samuel Porter arrived from England, and was hos- pitably received by his fellow-countrymen who had pre- ceded him. Of the early history of the pioneers of the Porter family there are no authentic accounts. They re- moved from Plymouth to Beverly, Mass., where Samuel, a son of the original settler, was married to Miss Lydia Dodge, of that place. His son John also married a Bev- erly maiden, a .Miss Lydia Herrick. The fascinations of the belles of Beverly must have been irresistible to the heads of this noble family, for we fiud that Nehemiah (the representative of the fourth generation in this country of the family of which our subject is a descendant) was mar- ried to Miss Hannah Smith, of that town. His son Nehe- miah was born at Ipswich, Mass., March 22, 1720 ; grad- uated from Cambridge in 1745 ; married Miss Rebecca Chipman, of Beverly, and was ordained a minister of the gospel in the Congregational church at Ipswich, Jan. 3, 1750, where he remained for sixteen years. He was after- wards installed at Ashfield, Franklin Co., Mass., Dec. 21, 1774, where he preached until his death, Feb. 29, 1820, having filled the position of pastor for the same congrega- tion over forty-five years. He was a man of great firmness and decision of character, a strict observer of the Sabbath, and was, it is worthy of note, a chaplain in the American army at the surrender of Burgoyne. This esteemed patriarch had all the virtues and religious tendencies of his Puritanic ancestry, and on the day of his death lacked only twenty- one days of completing a century. His son Joseph was also a native of Ipswich ; was engaged in agricultural pur- suits, and was married to a daughter of Leonard Graves, of Whately, Mass. He emigrated from Franklin Co., Mass., to Dover, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, in 1826, and lies buried in that town. He had a family of eleven children, of whom our subject was the eighth son and tenth child, having been born at Ashfield, Franklin Co., Mass., March 6, 1806. His education was limited to a common school, with a few terms spent at an academy. He accompanied his father to the wilds of the West, and was engaged in clearing the new country and tilling the soil, which has been his occupation throughout life. He was married, Aug 26, 1838, to Catherine H., daughter of Rev. Solo- mon Stevens, a Congregational preacher, of Dover, Ohio. They had but one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Porter died Oct. 11, 1841. Mr. Porter, who has devoted much of his time to the religious education of the young, has been a member of the Second Congregational Church of Dover for about forty years. At the present time he is one of the deacons of that organization, and superintendent of the Sabbath school. Though originally a Whig in politics, upon the organi- zation of the Republican party he became one of the staunchest supporters of its principles and doctrines. He has been elected by his fellow-citizens to numerous town offices, and was a justice of the peace for six years. Mr. Porter, being left in the prime of life alone in the world, has devoted his time to his fellow-creatures, succoring the poor and afflicted, lending a helping hand to those in distress and want, and in striving to do his part in the great work of serving the cause of humanity. DOVER. 441 Weller Dean as lay-reader, until the engagement of Kev. Mr. Granville as a settled minister, who re- mained but a few years. Tiie church began to de- cline previous to 1850, and in that year was dissolved. (iEKMAX LUXnERAN CHUKCII. About 1858 quite a settlement of Germans located near Nortii Dover, who, being desirous of establish- ing a church, sent for Rev. E. Z. Lindemau of Cin- cinnati, who went to Dover and organized, in 1858, a (Jermati Lutheran Church. The original members were J. II. Lindemj'er, F. H. Heucke, P. Matthews, II. Luocke, J. H. Trast, Wm. Schmidt, J. H. Weihr- niann, August Warnecke. Rev. E. Rupprecht, of Lafayette, Indiana, was called to the chai'ge in 1858, and is still the pastor. Until 1872 worship was held in the Baptist Church at North Dover, and from that time until 1877, in the German Lutheran school-house, which was built in 187"-3. In 1877 the present fine church edifice was erected at an expense of four thousand dollars. The membership is now forty-seven, and the attendance comprises about sixty families. The present trustees are II. II. Reinkal, G. Meyer and Christian Koch. SCHOOLS. The first school teacher in Dover, of whom tliure is any recollection, was Betsey Crocker, who taught in ISHJ in a log school-house on the lake shore, near where the present school-house stands. Philena Crocker, her sister, taught there (at the age of four- teen), as did also Wells Porter. In 1826 the town- ship was divided into five school-districts, which then contained seventy householders. Dover contains at present eight schools and seven school-buildings, which latter are all brick structures, excellently appointed, and considerably better in every way than the average of townshij) school-build- ings. There is a graded school at Dover Center, and the school at North Dover will soon be similarly arranged. In 1879, when the enumeration of school children was made, there was six hundred and twenty-two in the township, tlie levy for the snpport of schools being two thousand one hundred dollars. Attached to the German Lutheran church at North Dover is an excellent secular school. It was organ- ized in 1858 by Rev. E. Rupprecht, the pastor of the church, and began its career with thirty-three pupils. The Baptist ciiuroh bnilding was used until 1872, when tiie present school-house was erected. Rev. Mr. Rupprecht taught the school, in connection with Ills pastorate duties, until 1872, when he relinquished tiie charge to Mr. H. L. Brokelstuhler, the i)resent teacher. The school is in a flourishing condition, and had, in July, 1879, the large number of one hiiudreil and fifteen pupils. DOVER ACADEMY. In 1845 John AVilson, a graduate of Oberliu Col- lege — who located in Dover in 1844 — founded Dover Academy, and in that year erected a building for its use about a mile and a half south-west of Dover Center. Mr. Wilson's school grew to be a popular institution, and had at one time as many as sixty pupils. In 1852 several public-spii'ited citizens of Dover proposed to Mr. Wilson to have the school removed to near the Center, and to organize a corporation to control it, to which he assented. A school building was accordingly erected on what is now the Dover fair ground, and an act was obtained incorporating the Dover Academical Association The building was completed in 1854, and Mr. Wilson continued to act as principal until 1800, when he retired. Al- though the academy had been fairly prosperous, the increased usefulness and liberal scope of the public schools impared its strength, and led to its being given uji in 1802. The building is still standing on the fair ground, and is used by the fair association. The first directors of the academy association were Leverett Johnson, L. G. Porter and Benjamin Reed. DOVER AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL SOCIETY. This association was organized in 1850, for the pur- pose of holding annual fairs in Dover. Money to pur- chase land was advanced by Messrs. Josiah Hurst, S. L. Beebe and J. Coles, and the ground was at once fitted up by individual subscriptions. The associa- tion owns seven acres of land, with the requisite build- ings, about half a mile nortli of Dover Center, and has held a successful exhibition there, every fall since 1850. Julius Farr was the president in 1879. and William Aldrich the secretary. DOVER LODGE NO. 393 I. O. 0. F. This society was organiy.ed in 1807, the charter members being John Kirk, Wm. B. Dclford, C. D. Knapp, A. P. Smith, E. Bradford, C. L. Underliill, A. Wolf, P. W. Barton, W. W. Mead, A. S. Porter, Junia Sperry, J. Beardslee, D. B. Wright, D. H. Perry. The present ofHcers are: Perry Powell, N. G. ; James L. Hand, V. G.; James Beardslee, R. S. ; Benj. Chappell, P. S.; Frank Baker, T. The mem- bership numbers about one hundred. The lodge has fine (puirtcrs in the town hall, at Dover Center. This hall, a handsome and commodious brick edifice, was built in 1873 by the town and by the lodge just men- tioned, at a cost of ^0,000. NORTHWEST ENCAMPMENT NO. 188, I. 0. 0. F. Northwest Encampment was organized July 1, 1875, with Alfred Wolf, Alfred Bates, L. J. Cahoon, Van Ness Moore, Philip Phillips, Perry Powell and Frank liaker as charter members. The membership now numbers twenty-two, the officers being Philip Phillips, C. P.; Perry Powell, II. P.: Jerome Beards- lee, S. W.; John Morrissey, J. W.; F. W. Guild, treasurer. 442 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. STAR LODGE, XO. 67, DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH, (l. 0. 0. F.) Tlic lodge just named was organized in August, 1871, with sixteen charter members. The present oiBcers are John Griffin, N. G. ; Mrs. Murray Farr, V. G. ; Mrs. John Griffin, secretary; Benjamin Chap- pel, F. S.; Mrs. Maitland Beebe, treasurer. DOVER LODGE, NO. 489, F. AND A. M. Dover Lodge was formed in 1874. The cliarter members were D. R. Watson, L. M. Coe, G. Eeublin, John Kirk, John Jordan, E. S. Lewis, J. L. Hand, S. Barry, Wm. Lewis, G. Pease, Wm. Sprague. There are now thirty members, the officers being Benj. Chappel, W. M. ; Wm. Lewis, S. W. ; George Tarbox, J. W. ; W. V. Gage, secretary; J. M. Cooley, treasurer; Thos. J. Bates, S. D. ; W. Grant, J. D.; J. Jordan and A. A. Lilly, stewards; G. Winslow, tyler. OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. The Dover Silver Cornet Band, a musical organiz- ation of considerable local note, was organized in 1874. The present leader is George Esberger. A temperance union league was formed in Dover in 1873, and since that time the temperance cause has, at various times, received strong support in the town- ship. A temperance Sabbath school now contributes its efforts toward the same object. BURIAL PLACES. The first death in the township is supposed to have been tJiat of Mrs. Al)ner Smith, who was buried upon the Smith farm and afterward removed to the ceme- tery on the lake shore, that being the first public burial-ground laid out iu the township. A graveyard was laid out in 1820 west of Dover Center upon land donated by Leverctt Johnson and others. The first person buried tlierc was the wife of Rev. Mr. McCrea, the Congregational minister. Both cemeteries contain many fine tombstones, and the care expended upon the neatly kept grounds tes- tifies to the affection felt by the living for those who there rest in their narrow beds. MANUFACTURES. The manufacturing interests of Dover are at pres- ent limited to a few sawmills, a bending factory and a gristmill. Tilden & Morley founded an important iron-ware manufactory at Dover Center in 1832, near which place were several rich beds of iron ore. The works, known as the Dover Furnace, stood ujjon the lot now occupied by the residence of Junia Sperry. The firm conducted a store in connection with the furnace, and employed twelve men. In 1840 Tilden & Morley sold the establishment to the Cuyahoga Steam Fur- nace Company, soon after which (in 1843) it was de- stroyed by fire. Benjamin Reed, a former employee of the company, bought the land, rebuilt the furnace the same year, carried on the business until 1848, when the supply of ore was exhausted, and he aban- doned the undertaking. Junia Sperry, Robert Crooks, and Millard & Smith built a steam gi'istniill at Dover Center in 1856, and in 1863 sold it to Kirk & Reublin, from whom it passed into the possession of Lilly & Carpenter, tlie present owners. It contains two run of burrs, and is the only gristmill in the township. Fauver & Hurst Brothers liave a "bending factory" and sawmill, (the latter built by Philo Beach, iu 1850), about a mile southwest of Dover Center. They employ six men, and manufacture felloes, sleigh runners, shafts, etc. GRAPE CULTURE. Grape growing is largely followed on the lake shore iu Dover, and some wine is also made there. Henry Wisehmeyer came out from Cleveland in 1874, and began to raise grapes upon a tract of fifty acres, now occupied by him. He set out but two acres the first year, but gradually extended his vineyard until now he has twenty-three acres planted in grajies. In 1874 he built upon his land a wine cellar with a ca- pacity of ton thousand gallons, and manufactures considerable wine every year. Numerous varieties of grapes are cultivated, of which the chief are the Ca- tawl)a, Delaware and Concord. The pioneer enterprise, however, in the direction of extensive grape cultui'e in Dover, was set on foot in 1805, by the Dover Bay Grape and Wine Company, organized iu that year for the purpose of growing the grajje in Dover township. Dr. J. P. Dake was tiie president; R. R. Ucrrick the vice president, and Dr. D. H. Beckwitli, the secretary and treasurer. The original purchase of land included two hundred and ten acres, situated in Dover, on the lake shore. The capital of the company, fixed at the outset at thirty thousand doltars, was three years later increased to sixty thousand dollars. Fifteen iicres were set out with grapes the first year, and since then the area has been gradually extended until now upwards of ninety acres are under cultivation and the annual yield of grapes amounts to one hundred tons. The yield in- cludes all the varieties raised in the northern cli- mate. The company has a capacious wine cellar in Dover and much excellent wine is manufactured yearly. The financial headquarters are in Cleveland; the present officers being R. R. Herri ck, president; A. K. Spencer, vice president; and Geo. P. Smith, secretary and treasurer. Grape-growing is also carried on all along the Do- ver lake shore, but the business — save in the instances above alluded to, is confined to limited individual efforts. STONE QUARRIES. An excellent qu:ility of building stone, much used in the township and elsewhere, is found in the south- west part of Dover where the quarries of E. C. Har- ris and Wm. Geigor have long yielded large supplies, alrhough the former quarry is at present not worked to any great extent. EAST CLEVELAND. 443 CHAPTER LXXIV. EAST CLEVEIiiND. A Broken History— Irregular Boundaries— Timotliy Doan— Shaw, Ru" pie, Mcllrath and Thorp -Asa Dille— Samuel Ruple— A, L. Norris— A Live GriddleCake— Deadly Battles— Scaring a Bear— Going to Pennsylvania for Flour— A Banquet o( Baked Pumpkins— The Firs' Church— Sleeping with the Cows— First Tavern— Abijah Crosby— A Barn-Raising interrupted by Cannon— Settlers in Various Localities — Tlie Big Elk— The Householders of 1838- School Districts— CoUamer in lft40— Formation of the Township of East Cleveland— Annexation of part of Euclid and Warrensville— Name of Euclid Village changed to CoUamer— The liailroad— The War — Sandstone Quarries— Present Condition of CoUamer— Collinwood— Grape Culture— Glenville— Shaw Academy— First Presbyterian Church of CoUamer— St. Paul's Church —Free Congregational Church of CoUamer— Disciple Church of Col- lamer— Disciple Chuich at Collinwood— First Congregational Church of Collinwood— Principal Township Officers. East Cleveland lias had more varied municipal relations, and has more irregular boundaries than any other township in the county. The territory of which it is now composed, originally behjuged to the township of Cleveland; then to Cleveland and Euclid; then to Cleveland, Euclid, Newburg and Warrens- villc. Having reniainod in these towiisiiips for many years, tiie several fragments were in 1845 formed into the township of East Cleveland which then contained nut only tiie present district of that name, but all liiat part of Cleveland city east of Willson avenue, and north of the old Newburg line. Ill 1867 an irregular tract about two miles east and west by three miles north and south, on which had been built the large and flourishing village of East Cleveland, was annexed to tiie city, leaving a district nearly si.x miles in extreme length, north and south, and a little over five miles in extreme width, but so irregular that it contains an area of only a trifle over fifteen square miles. This remains the township of East Cleveland, yet the name had become so firmly attached to the portion which was annexed to Cleve- land that a resident of the city, on hearing "East Cleveland" spoken of, would more probably under- stand tiie expression to refer to the eastern i)art of the city than to the township to which the name legiti- mately belongs. This sketch is intended to be confined to the terri- tory now comprising the townshij), the name of wliicii heads the chapter; yet that townsiiip has been so closely united with other territory on iioth the east and the west, that the annals are liable to become somewhat intermingled, especially in the case of the official records. Nearly all tiie township officers who resided in the present East Cleveland before 1847, are to be found in the records of Euclid, while many of those who api)ear in the records of East Cleveland since that date, were residents of what is now the eastern part of the city. Tlie first white resident of the territory now com- prising the townsiiip of East Cleveland, was Timothy Doan, a Connecticut sea-ca])tain, already fortv-three years old, who brought his family to Cleveland in the sjiring of 1801, left them there while he built a log house and made a small clearing, and in the fall of that year removed them to hisjilace on the west line of the old township of Euclid, a part of which is still occupied by his youngest son, John Doan. Mr. Timothy Doan steadily worked on his new farm, luiv- ing for two or three years no neighbors nearer than his brother, Nathaniel, at " Doan's Corners," in tlio present city of Cleveland. Timothy Doan was a man of good ability and of the highest character; he be- came the first justice of the peace in the territory now constituting East Cleveland, and was afterward a judge of the court of common jileas of Cuyahoga county. He died in 1838, on the farm on which he had moved in 1801, at the age of seventv, respected by all. In August, 1803, John Shaw, John Ruple, Thomas Mcllrath, Garrett Thorp and William Coleman, all from Washington county, Pennsylvania, visited this part of Ohio together, and two of them selected land in the present township of Etist Cleveland. Shaw chose the lot where Shaw Academy now stands, and Mcllrath selected the one now occupied by the main part of CoUamer village. Mr. Ruple located a little farther to the northeast, in what is now Euclid.. All these locations, like that of Timothy Doan, before mentioned, and that of William Coleman on Euclid creek, were on the main road which had been laid out from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, parallel with the lake shore, but which was then hardly passable even for ox-teams; an axe to clear away fallen timber being the necessary accompaniment of every vehicle. The parties named returned to Pennsylvania and did not begin work on their land till the next spring. The second actual settler in the present township of East Cleveland was Asa Dille, a brother of David Dille, of Euclid, who moved from Pennsylvania in March, 1804; putting up his cabin in the unbroken forest near the southwestern corner of the old town- ship of Euclid. There he lived and died, raising a large family of children. In April, 1804, Messrs. Shaw and Jlcllrath began work on the locations before mentioned, and Benja- min Jones, a nepliew of Mcllrath settled farther southeast in the neighborhood of Asa Dille's residence. Shaw brought his family that spring and became the tiiird settler in the townsiiip. lie was a native of England, and, having been brought up in a woolen factory, he was entirely unaccustomed to the use of the axe; yet by indomitable industry he succeeded in subduing the dense forest where he liad chosen his home, and made him an excellent farm. He was a man of good intelligence and fair education, was the teacher of the first school in the county, held various civil oflices and was the founder of the Shaw Acade- my, of which more will be said farther on. Mcllrath and Jones both brought on their families in the autumn of 1804, and as there were then five families in the territory of East Cleveland, the work of settlement might be considered as having fairly commenced. Even of these five families only one, that of Timo- thy Doan, had breadstuffs enough to last them through iU THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. the winter. The others depended principally on hunt- ing, both to obtain meat for their families and to pro- cure slvius and furs, which could be traded in the rude markets of the day for articles of absolute necessity. Coou skins came pretty near being legal tender at that time, and several hundred of them were harvested that winter by the residents of East Cleveland, who were thus enabled to eke out a subsistence. Mr. Mc- Hrath was especially noted as a hunter, and as he had several sons, who had nearly or quite attained to man's estate, they made great liavoc among tlie deni- zens of the forest. In 1805 John Ruple settled on the line between Euclid and East Cleveland. He, too, was a noted hunter, and is credited by William Coleman with killing the first panther slain in the old township of Euclid by a white man; the lieast measuring nine feet from tip to tip. He raised a large family and lived to an advanced age, on the place where he first located, amid the respect of all who knew him. Samuel Ruple settled at Nine Mile creek, in the eastern part of the present village of Collamer, in 1806, and during the same year Caleb Eddy located himself in the southern part of tlie township on a stream known as Dogway brook. Abraham L. Norris came the same yeai and settled on the ridge back of Collamer. His daughter, Mrs. Myndert Wemple, narrates many incidents connected with early life in the forest. Mr. Norris' family were two miles from their nearest neighbor, David Hendershot. Like most of the pioneers, they had only a "puncheon" (or split-log) floor for their cabin, and during the first summer a coverlid did duty instead of a door. The next year Mr. Norris had a good sized clear- ing chopped over, and, according to pioneer custom, invited his neighbors (some of whom lived five or six miles away) to a " logging-bee." After a while they got several log-heaps ready for firing, and Mrs. Norris, who was out watching the operations, ran !nto the house to get a shovelful of coals. The fire was nearly out, and on the warm hearth lay a griddle which had been used for baking cakes. The first thing Mrs. Norris saw, on entering the house, was an enormous yellow rattlesnake comfortably curled up on the grid- dle. She screamed and fainted. Her husband ran in, and, liaving no weapon with which to dispatch the enemy, called for his father-in-law, Mr. Mcllrath, who came with his ox-goad, and soon slew it. Tlie reptile had no less than twenty-four rattles. These pests were extremely common in both East Cleveland and Euclid; finding ample shelter among the rocks which abounded in the numerous ravines that intersected the ridge. Every man when lie went out took a stick, as a matter of course, to kill rattle- snakes. John Ruple is credited with killing tliirty- eight rattlesnakes (piled and counted) near Collamer, and Luther Dille with slaying forty-three in the same locality. Li botli cases the air was so lieavily impregnated with poison by the reptiles that the men went home sick from the field of battle. Mr. Norris was obliged to go to Newburg to work, leaving his wife alone in the cabin. There was a lialf- grown shote in a rail pen covered with bark, near tlie house. One night Mrs. Norris was awakened by the crackling of bark and the squealing of the pig. Run- ning to the door she saw a bear trying to get out of the pen with the shote clutched by the neck, somewhat as a cat carrries a kitten. There was a large bed of coals, and filling the big fire-shovel full of these she ran out and threw them on the dry bark, which in a moment was in a brilliant blaze. The bear meantime, had got his prey out of the pen, but being frightened at the sudden light, dropped the pig (badly scared but not seriously hurt) and made h.is way into the forest. At this period there was no church in the towusliip. People went to "Doan's Corners" on Sunday, where 'Squire Nathaniel Doan read a sermon. Mrs. Wem- ple remembers going to meeting at the corners; her mother riding a horse, she riding behind and another child in front, while her father walked by the side of the patient animal. It is needless to say that luxuries were exceedingly scarce. Once Mrs. Norris sent clear to Pennsylvania, by a couple of young men who were going thither, for a pound of tea and two yards of calico to make the baby a dress. There were two or three gristmills within ten miles, but they were very poor concerns, and were frequently out of repair. On one occasion when, through de- fective machinery or lack of water, no grinding could be done in this part of the country, John Shaw took an ox-cart loaded with a grist for every man in the town- ship and went eighty miles, to Erie, Pennsylvania, to get it ground. He was to be back in two weeks, and on the day fixed for his return Mrs. Shaw invited all the people in the township to her house, to cook and eat of the expected supply. The i)eople came, but Mr. Shaw had been detained by the badness of tlie roads and did not arrive, and his hospitable wife could only furnish her guests with a feast of venison and baked jjumpkins. Indians, squaws and papooses were frequently seen passing to and fro. They had a camjiing-place Just back of where the academy now stands. The fierce appearance of the warriors frequently frightened the children, but there is no account of their doing tlie slightest harm. The first church (Congregational) in the township, which was likewise the first in the county, was formed in August, 1807. The first meetings were in tlic houses of the settlers, but in 1810 a house of worship was built of logs at the point then commonly desig- nated as Nine Mile creek, but afterwards known as Euclid village and now as Collamer. This was also the first house of worship in the county; there being none in Cleveland until more than ten years later. EAST CLEVELAND. 445 111 1809 Caleb Eddy built the first gristmill in the lowiiship, on Dry Way brook, above the site of Lake \iein Cemetery. Amid the luirds]iii)S of tliese times, women, as well as men, developed the courage necessary to meet the emergencies by wliich they were often confronted, jjiite one afternoon in autumn Mrs. Timothy Eddy went to look for her husband's cows. They had strayed along distance, but at length she heard a bell, and, guided by that, made her way to where they were. But when sjie undertook to drive them home, siie found she did not know the way. After various elTorts night came on, and she was still as much at a loss as ever. The ciuadrui)eds discovered none of tlie intelligence in jiaOi-finding which is sometimes attributed to them, but when their mistress stopped driving them, quietly lay down for a night's rest. Satisfied that she could not find her way home, Mrs. Eddy lay down in a warm place, between two of I lie animals, and in this living boudoir she remained initil morning. Meanwhile, her husband had re- turned from his labors at night fall, and, finding his wife absent, had roused the neighbors to search for her. All night long the few settlers in that part of the township went shouting to and fro through the w(H)ds, their lighted torches of bark flinging fantastic sliadows among the trees, but they did not approach iier sleeping place. In the morning slie made her way liome to her frightened friends. The first tavern-keeper in the township, of whom we can hear, was David Bunnel, who kejit on the main road, a short distance southwest of the site of Collamer, before the war of 1813. Among other settlers in the township was Abijah Crosby, father of Deacon Thomas D. Crosby, who came in 1811. He was one of the earliest settlers in I lie vicinity of the lake shore. Benjamin Thorp, who had first settled at the mouth of Euclid creek, came in LSI 3, and settled on the "Coit tract," near the lake shore. When the war of 1812 broke out there was great excitement for a time, especially just after Hull's surrender when rumors of murdering Indians came mi every breeze, and the people once or twice aban- doned their homes in their alarm. These rumors, however, were soon found to be false, and during the war the work of planting and clearing went on much as usual, though emigration nearly ceased. On the day of Perry's victory, Se))tember 10, 1813, tlie people were busy raising William Hate's log barn, Ixlow Collinwood. Mr. Cornelius Thorp, who still resides in the township, was one of the number. The neighbors were still few in number, and men had come from Warrensville on horseback to help in the work. The raisers were divided into two si[uads, who were engaged in a hot strife to see which should gel up logs the fastest. At each corner was an e.x- ]iert axeman making notches and "saddles" to fit the logs together. Of course neither squad could really get ahead of the other, because all four sides of the house must go up together; but they could crowd each other, which was a great satisfaction. Suddenly from the far northwest a dull sound was heard rolling slowly over lake and land — then an- other — and another — and another. Every axe and every log was dropjied. "That's Perry!" "A fight!" "A battle!" "A bat- tle!'' cried a dozen voices, and, in another minute, twenty or thirty men were racing away toward the lake shore, eager to hear even the faintest echoes from the great contest which was to decide the supremacy of Lake Erie. Perhaps they imagined, from the distinct- ness of the sound, that they could see the conflict, or, at least, could discover on the far horizon the smoke which must mark the scene of battle. But, on tiieir arrival, nothing could be seen, as was not strange considering that the battle was seven ty-five miles away. Yet the constant successions of subdued shocks, now alone, now in broadsides, hour after hour, gave notice that the conflict was still going on. At length the sounds died away; only a few scattered shots were heard, and finally all was still, and the last listeners returned slowly to their homes, (piery- ing anxiously whether Columbia or Albion should henceforth be the mistress of Lake Erie. The next day a swift-riding express, on the way to Washington, brought the news that Perry was victorious, and that British or Indian invasion need no longer be feared. Of all who were present at that " raising," Mr. Cor- nelius Thorp is the sole survivor. Benjamin Thorp, father of Cornelius, had at this time moved to the " Coit tract" of a thousand acres, situated on the lake shore. Immediately after the close of the war in 1S15, emigration set in with more force than ever, on account of the temporary cessation. At this time began to be seen a slight appearance of a village where Collamer now stands; though it was then called Euclid. Enoch Murray started a store there shortly after the war. Davis Crocker also estab- lished a tannery there, on Nine Mile creek, about 1815 or 'IG, which he carried on for nearly twenty years. In 1817 a framed church was erected in jilace of the old log one before mentioned, and then the residents of " Euclid," or " Nine .Mile Creek," as the hamlet was variously called, couKl indeed boast of their progress; for there was still not another church edifice of any kind in the county. In 1818 Benjamin P. Beers and Myndert Wemjilc settled in the township. Mr. Wemple, who still survives, says that Enoch Murray was then keeji- ing store at Euclid (now Collamer). He sold to Thomas ^Icllrath about 1830, and he in a short time to John (Jardner. Taverns, too, began to be opened all along the main road soon after the war. Ben. S. Welcli kept one at Nine Mile creek. A little later, Enoch Meeker had one a short distance farther west. Seth Doan kept one where George Doan now lives. But notwithstanding these indications of advancing settlement, the rattlesnakes still hissed viciously iu 446 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. their dens among the rocks; the deer often bounded past the clearings of the pioneers, especially in the southern part of the township, and occasionally more noble game fell before the hunter's bullet. Old set- tlers still mention that it was about 1820 that the " big elk was killed;" an event long remembered and often discussed by the residents of the vicinity. The unlucky wanderer was chased down from the Chagrin river into East Cleveland, and was there killed. He weighed five hundred pounds, and his horns were seven feet long. By about 1825 or '30 the face of the country began to take on more decidedly than before the appearance of civilization. More than half of the log houses built by the pioneers had been exchanged for framed ones, and in all the north jiaitof the township nearly every lot had a settler upon it, and about half the land had been cleared from timber. In the southern section the settlements were much fewer and the country still retained that pioneer look resultant from log houses, scattered clearings and far-spreading forests. In the township book of Euclid is a list of the voters in 1828, arranged by school districts. Euclid, as before mentioned, then embraced something over half of East Cleveland. We give a list of the names recorded in those districts either wholly or partly in what is now East Cleveland. A few of them may have been in the present Euclid; but if so, they were close to the line: District No. 2 (Collamer) — William Camp, John H. Camp, John West, John Kuple, .Tolin Hoagland, Sam- uel Ruple, Benj. Hoagland, John Stoner, Benj. S. Welch, Enocli Meeker, John Gardner, William Adams, John K. Hall, Nathaniel WoodruiT. Myndert Wenj- pie, Andrew McFarland, Elijah Burton, George R. Whitney, Sargent Currier, Alvin Hollister, Jesse Palmer, James F. Palmer, Dr. Hotchkiss, Joseph King, Mathias Rush, Moses Bond, Cyrus Rujjle, Abram Histon, John Shaw, Elisha Rockwell. District No. 3 (west of CoUamei') — Michael Mc- Urath, Horace Blinn, James Corbus, Amos Steb- bins, Joel Jor.es, Benjamin .Jones, .John Doan, Sam- uel Dodge, Daniel Brown, Joseph Marshall, Andrew Mcllrath, Andrew Mcllrath, Jr., Merritt Lindley, John Burt, Samuel E. Smith, Eli Williams, Setli Doan, Thomas Mcllrath, Stephen Peet, Jedediah Crocker, Lewis Stanislaus, Thomas Phillijis. District No. 4 (south part of township). — Guy Lee, Thomas Curtis, John Welch, John Handee, Adoniram Peek, Jesse Cross, Jacob S. Dille, Richard Curtis, Clark Currier, Stephen B. Meeker, Abram Mattox, Jacob Compton, Elias Jjce, Reynolds Ca- hoon, Asa Dille, Lewis R. Dille, Abel Handee. District No. 6 (north of Collinwood, now in both towns). — William Hale, Thomas Mcllrath, Jr.,' Samuel Mcllrath, Samuel Mcllrath 2d, Thaddeus Wright, Aaron Bunnel, James Johnston, Benjamin Day, Abijah Crosby, John Ruple 2d, Ezekiel Adams, John Adams. District No. 10 (west of Collinwood). — Law- rence O'Connor, Alanson O'Connor, Joseph House, .Jeremiah Shnmway, Timothy Eddy, Ahaz Merchant, Benjamin Thorp, Andrew Stewart, John Moore, David Bunnel, Luther Woodworth, Ezra Fairfield, Cornelius Thorp, Isaac Page. A full list of all the voters in the old township of Euclid in 1828, including the above, is to be found in the history of that township. Of course, the forego- ing list does not include any residents of that part of East Cleveland, except what was formerly in Euclid. There were, however, very few in that part of East Cleveland, which was then Euclid, excejjt on the main road. The Elijah Burton, who is men- tioned as a resident of District number two (Col- lamer), was a young physician who had very lately arrived there, being the first physician in that village. His widow still resides there, and his son is a practic- ing physician there. During the decade from 1830 to 1840 there was a large emigration checked during the last three years by what was known pre-eminently as the "hard times." Sargent Currier had become the stoi'ekee])er at Nine Mile creek, acting in that capacity some fifteen years. He had a sawmill near there, and afterwards built a steam, gristmill. Abner Mcllrath opened a tavern in 1837. Samuel Lester started anew tannery in 1838, which is still operated by bis son. When Mr. R. H. Strowbridge (now of Euclid) came to Collamer in 1840, Sargent Currier was still carrying on a store there, and Alvin Hollister was keeping a tavern. The township was well settled up, and framed houses were generally in use; yet there was still a rough appearance on the face of the coun- try. The deer and wolves had all disajipeared, and even the rattlesnakes were becoming scarce. Origin- ally emigration had come from the East, and the western part of the present township was the last to be settled. By 1840, however, people began to over- flow from the then growing city of Cleveland, and the western section was rapidly cleared up. At the June session of the county commissioners in 1847, the township of East Cleveland was formed from Cleveland and Newburg; no other townships at first contributing anything to its area. Of Cleveland it embraced lots three hundred and thirty-eight to four hundred and six inclusive; of Newburg, so much of lots four hundred and nine to four hundred and twenty-two inclusive as lay north of the road, (now Ingersoll street.) The first town meeting in East Cleveland was held on the 26th of June, 1847, when the following of- ficers were elected: Trustees, Theron Woodworth, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Samuel Erwin; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Joel Jones; declined, and Isaac N. Pillsbury appointed; assessor. Freeman Whitman. At the June session of the commissioners in 1848, the west part of Euclid was annexed to East Cleveland; embracing lots eight, forty-nine, sixteen, fifty-seven. EAST CLEVELAND. 447 twenty-four, fifty-six, fifteen, forty-eight, seven, six, forty-seven, fourteen, fifty-five, twenty-two, twenty- one, fifty-four, tliirteen, forty-six, five, four, forty- five, twelve, fifty-three, twenty, fifty-two, forty-four, eleven, three, two; all of lot forty-three west of the road rnning through it, and all of tract sixteen north of lot one and west of the road runing to the lake. ]?y the same act lots one, two, three and four lying in the north part of Warrensville, were also annexed. This included the East Cleveland of to-day, and also the tract afterwards annexed to the city. After the new arrangement was eonsumniated, it was found very inconvenient to call the village situated in Kast Cleveland by the name of Euclid, when there was a township of Euclid close beside it. The people tiierefore began to cast about for another appellation. Tiiey adopted that of Collamer, and in time the grow- ing village was generally known by that name; though it was long before all the old settlers could get rid of the habit of calling it Euclid. For many years after the formation of the town- sliip, the interest regarding it principally centered in tlie village of East Cleveland, which grew rapidly into very extensive proportions, becoming an important suliurb of the city. In 1852 the Cleveland, Paines- ville and Ashtabula railroad (since becoming a part of tile fiake Shore and Michinan Southern), was opened fi(im Cleveland to Erie, running through the northern part of East Cleveland, only a short distance from t he lake shore. The beauty of the locations along tlie main road at the foot of tlie ridge, between the city and Collamer, began to be observed by the denizens of Cleveland, and occasional purchases were made, especially around Collamei'. All was progressing pleasantly and prosperously when, in 1801, the tocsin of war called the sons of America to the defense of their country. East Cleve- land promptly resj)onded to the call, and the record.': given in the general history, tell their names and the deeds of tlie regiments to which they belonged. In 1802, James Ilaycox opened a valuable sandstone <|uarry in the southern part of the township, on the farm .settled by John Welch. The character of the stone is similar to that which crojis out in various parts of the county, and is described in the cliapter on geology. Since the war, few townships in north- ern Ohio have progressed more rai)idly than East Cleveland, although, as before stated, the village of Kiust Cleveland was annexed to the city of Cleveland in 1867. Collamer has become a large and thriving village, an especial favorite with Clevelanders desirout of a more retired life than that of the city. Tin nuiin road from there to the city line is thickly stud (led with i)leasant farm houses, and with handsonn residences situated on snnill but most desirable tracts. In fact the whole road which is an extension of Enclid avenue, seems like a delightful suburb of the city. Collamer now contiiiis clinrches, one academy, four general stores, one post oflBce, one physician, two carriage shops, two blacksmiths shops, two meat mar- kets, one cider mill, one shoe shop, one tannery, and about a thousand inhabitants. On the raili'oad, a mile north of Collamer is to be seen the flourishing village of Collinwood, the seat of the great repair shops and round-house of the Lake Shore railroad. It is laid out on the most liberal scale, with streets enough for a small city, which in- deed it promises to become. It has churches, three public schools, six general stores, four physicians. two drug stores, one hardware store, two boot stores, one clothing store, two millinery stores, one hotel (the Warren House), two livery stables, two news de- pots, one wagon and blacksmith shop, one harness shop, three meat markets, and about fifteen hundred inhiibitants. The repair shops and round-house were begun in 1873 and finished in 1875, and the village has mostly grown up since the former year. The post office was established in 1875. There is also a post office at Lake View, near Lake View cemetery, where there is the prospect of an- other fine suburban village. The Lake View and Collamer railroad, (called for short "the Dummy road") furnishes ready access to the city for all the residents along the main road. On the ridge, grape-growing has flourished greatly of late years, the soil being of the same general qual- ity as that in Euclid, and likethat, admirably suited for grajie-culture. The grapes are geuarally sold in bulk, but a few gentlemen are engaged in wine manu- facture; Mr. J. J. Preyer's Lake View wine farm, east of Lake View cemetery is one of the most cele- brated wine-producing places in the county. The village of Glenville on the lake shore, adjoin- ing Cleveland, was laid out in •. The eoijioiate limits inclose an area of about three scpiare miles, but only a small portion of it is built on in village form. The Lake Shore railroad passes through its entire width and has a depot in it, while the Lake View and Collamer road skirts its southern border. The Northern Ohio fair grounds are situated a little west of the center of the village. The association owning them is described in the general history. Glenville was incorporated in the autumn of 1872, for special purposes. In April, 1874, William Brasie,- R. M. N. Taylor were elected trustees. In Septem- ber, 1874 it was incorporated as a village. In April, 1874, Wm. J. Gordon was elected mayor for two years. He was succeeded in 1870 by Benjamin Lamson, and he in 1878 by W. II. Gaylord, the present incumbent. The village now contains three stores, three hotels, one blacksmith shop, one shoe shop, one carriage shop and about five hundred inhabitants. The whole of East Cleveland, except Glenville and a few farms in the southern portion is incorjiorated for special |)nrposes; the authorities being emjiow- ercd to build roads and bridges, maintain a police, build police stations, etc. 448 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CtJYAHOGA COUNTY. SHAW ACADEMY. In 183.5 the old pioneer, John Shaw, died, and hav- ing no children he left his property to found an acad- emy in the locality where he had so long lived and prospered. The property consisted mostly of a farm situated a short distance southwestward from Colla- mer. This was sold for five thousand dollars. The people of the vicinity subscribed a sufficient amount to erect the necessary building, and the fund left by Mr. Shaw was used only for the support of the school. A board of trustees was appointed and the school was maintained in the usual manner of country acad- emies until about 1868. At that time, as the institu- tion did not prosper as well as was desirable, the building was leased to individuals. Public school money was applied to its support, and it became part- ly a district school and partly an academy. In 1877 the trustees of the academy leased the building to the directors of the Collamer sub-district by whom it has since been used for a district school, though of a higher grade than usual. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF COLLAMER. This church was organized by Rev. Wm. Wick, on the 27th day of August, 1807; being by at least ten years the first church in Cuyahoga county. It was formed on what was known as the "Plan of Union," adopted by the general assembly of the Presbyterian church, and the general association of the Congrega- tional church, of Connecticut. The individual church was at first Congregational, but it was connected with the Presbytery for purposes of discipline and mutual encouragement. It took the name of " The Church of Christ in Euclid;" that being the township in which it was then situated. The first members were Nathaniel and Sarah Doan, John Ruple, Thomas and Elizabeth Mcllrath, Sarah Shaw, Eunice Eddy, Abram L. and Abigail Norris, George and Almira Kilbourn, Andrew and Abigail Mcllrath, Anna Biinnel and Isabella Mcllrath. The strictness of the discipline and the existence of pleasant amusements among tlie pioneers are both sliown by the next entry after the organization, made on the a9th of the same month, according to which A. L. and Abigail Norris confessed to dancing "not long before" (evidently before Joining the church) and professed contrition. Sarah Shaw admitted the fact of dancing, but would not make a public ac- knowledgement and was suspended. This was pietty strict in regard to acts committed before joining the church. At the first meeting of the church Natiianiel Doan, John Ruple and (teorge Kilbourn were ajipointed the standing committee. The next record, dated in August, 1808, shows a meeting of the church to have been then held at the house of Nathaniel Doan. Caleb and Nancy Eddy admitted joining the "Halcyon Church," supposing them to be christians. Thev expressed their sorrow for having done so. This " Halcyon " churcli was a heterodox institution which started up suddenly in Euclid, flourished for a brief period and disappeared. The members claimed to be christians, but their right to the name seems to have been seriously disputed. At this time Mrs. Shaw publicly professed repentance for her dancing of long ago, and was duly reinstated in the church. On the 1.5th of March, 1810, the church unani- mously adopted the Presbyterian model and put them- selves under the charge of the presbytery of Hartford. The next month the Rev. Thomas Barr was called to the pastorate and accejjted. He was ordained on the 33d of August following, and on the 27t]i of the same month Andrew Mcllrath and .John Ruple were ap- pointed ruling elders. It was during this season that the log house already mentioned was built, which was, during its whole existence, the only church edifice in the county. Numerous cases of discipline occurred during all the early years of the church; mostly on account of the members attending balls or allowing their children to do so. In the summer of 1811 nearly all the mem- bers publicly acknowledged their wrong-doing in per- mitting their children to attend the Fourth of July ball. Nevertheless the church continued to flourish, and in 1817 a framed house of worship replaced the log one; the new house, like the old one, being the only church building in the county. Rev. Mr. Barr closed his services in 1820. After this the records unfortunately do not give the em- ployment of pastors with any regularity, but it ap- pears that Rev. Randolph Stoner, pastor of the Cleve- land chnrch, acted as moderator in the various meet- ings from 1820 to 1823, and doul)tless supplied the pulpit. Rev. Stephen J. Bradstreet acted as moder- ator from 1823 to 1825. On the 26th of February, 1825, Rev. Stephen Peet was ordained as pastor; holding that position until January, 1833. Rev. E. S. Scott and Rev. E. Adams were in charge of the church, the former in 1833 and '34; the latter in 1835 and '36. Rev. H. Blodgett served as pastor from May, 1837, to February, 1843. Rev. E. N. Nichols was in charge a few months, and was followed by Rev. J. Burchard, the celebrated revivalist, who conducted a powerful revival during the winter of 1843-44. Rev. Benj. Page was the acting pastor in 1844, "45 and "46. Rev. William H. Beecher (eldest brother of Henry Ward Beecher) began service as stated suj)ply in May, 1847, and continued until December, 1849. He was succeeded the next month by Rev. Jonas Bigelow, who died in service January 26, 1854. During his pastorate, in December, 1851, fourteen members withdrew to form the Free Congregational Church. Rev. Andrew Sh:irp was installed as pastor in April, 1854, and closed in April, 1856. Rev. Hiram Bing- ham began service as stated supply in October, 1856. lu'V. F. Maginnis was installed as jiastor in .Januaiy. EAST CLEVELAND. 449 1858, and served nearly ten years, closing in Septem- ber, iso:. I'litil tliis time the cluiruli iiad been known as the First Presbyterian Chureli of Euelid, althougli for nineteen years the honse of worshij) had been in the township of East Cleveland, and the village where it was loeated had been known as Collanier for nearly an e'pial time. In September, 1807, it ajipears for the first time on the record as the Presbyterian Ciinrch of Collamer. At that time Rev. R. IL Leonard began service as stated snjiply, remaining nntil July, 1873. Rev. H. P. Harnes was installed as pastor in August, 1875, closing in Jfay, 1877. lie was succeeded at that time by tJie Rev. T. S. Scott, the present pastor. 'riio following month (June, 1877.) a union was otTocted with the Free Congregational Church of Collamer, by which each society was to keep its own organization, but they were to unite in all work, in religious service and the employment of a pastor. People are admitted by the joint action of the two churches, but are dismissed by the separate action of one. They meet in the Presbyterian church. The present membership of the Presbyterian con- gregation is now about seventy-five. The elders are John Aldrich, J. M. Page, T. D. Crosby, Joseph Day, .Joseph Parks, Frederick King and Isaac Brush. The two churches maintain a union Sabbath school of two iinndred members, of which William II. C'oit is the superintendent. ST. P.VUL'S CHIHCH (I'ROTESTANT EPISCOPAL). The church edifice of this body is on Euclid avenue in the center of Collamer. It is of stone, rural in style, fifty-tiiree feet in lengtli and thirty in width. It was commenced in 1S4G, but was not finished and consecrated nntil 185G. The services were sustained at first by the aid of clergymen in Cleveland. The i!ev. Eli Adams oflKciatcd in 1853-4. In 1856 Rev. Thomas Corlett was called as the first settled rector, who filled the rectoiship for ten years. The Rev. X. !'. Chariot was called in ISfjC, and resigned in 1869. The Ucv. Thomas Lyle has been the rector of the parish since June 1, ISGO. The sittings are free; the revenue being obtained from the weekly offertory and from subscrijitions. Tiie number of ])ersons regis- tered as communicants lias been one hundred and ten; one hundred and seven have been bapti/.ed, and sixty- live have been confirmed. A rectory, adjoining the church edifice, was built in 1867. A snnill cemetery lies beyond the chancel. The officers of the church are as follows: Wardens, John Doan, J. W. Ogram; vestrymen, R. Gerrard, G. Doan, W. Oliver, J. W. Doan, R. Gray, and L. B. Reers. THE COXOKEfiATlOXAL CHLKCII Ol' lOLI.AMER. For several years before 1851 there had been a strong feeling among some of the members of the Presbyte- rian church at Euclid, or Collamer, that the Presby- terian denomination should bear stronger testimony 57 against slavery than it had previously done. On the 37th of December, 1851, fourteen members presented a memorial declaring that they could not continue in connection with the church while it maintained fel- lowshij) with slaveholders. This memorial was signed by John Ruple, Asa Weston, R. Dutton, Asa Cady, Teresa Cady, Alma Ruple, H. A. C. Adams, Ezekiel Adams, Orpha Adams, L. C. Ruple, Mina Ruple, H. L. Ruple, Ilannah Rnjile, John Perkins. The Presbyterian congregation voted to dismiss them W4th letters to any church they might desire to join. They then proceeded to organize themselves into the Free Congregational Church of Collamer. For three or four years they worshiped in the school- house; at the end of which time, their numbers hav- ing materially increased, they jiroceeded to build the brick church at Collamer, still owned by them. They maintained a separate existence with varying fortunes until June, 1877, when they formed a union for work- ing j)urposes with the Presbyterian church, as nar- rated in the sketch of that body. DISCIPLE CHURCH OF COLLAMER. This church was constituted in the fall of 1820. The first members were Luther Dille, Clarissa Dille, Eri M. Dille, Lurilla Jones, Leonard Marsilliot, Edit- tea Cranney, Desire Perry, Mary Anne Perr}' and Fanny Cranney; soon joined by Nancy Hale. The church was organized at the log school-house west of E. ;\[. Dille's residence. Luther Dille was set apart as the first ruling elder. Much was trusted to the efforts of the elders, or overseers, and pastors did not succeed each other with the regularity that nuirks ministerial changes in some churches. Nor are there any available records regarding the early history of this church. The Discijile society, however, continued to flour- ish, and about 1840 a framed house of worship was erected at Collamer. Rev. A. S. Ilayden was one of the princii)al ministers who, at different periods, car- ried on the work of the church. In 1861 it had thriven so greatly that the members were able to begin the erection of a brick house of worship, which was completed in 1802. Mr. Ilayden was pastor from 1863 to ISOO, and Rev. A. B. Green from 1806 to 1868. In the latter year Rev. W. B. Ilendrix held two protracted meetings, at which nearly a hundred members united themselves with the church. From 1868 to 1878 Revs. A. S. Ilayden and A. B. Green were the pastors. Rev. W. B. Ilendrix bccanie the minister in charge in 1878. This church has been particularly distinguished as a nursery for others; not less than twenty Disciple churches, in various parts of the West, having been founded by emignints from iMiclid and East Cleve- land, who had belonged to the Collamer church. Notwithstanding the recent organization of a Discijilc church at Collinwood, the one at Collamer is in a very flourishing condition and has over a liimdred 450 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. members. Hudson. The overseers are E. M. Dille aud Wm. Disciple cuurih at collinwood. In February, 1878, at the suggestion of E. M. Dille, the zealous ovei-seer of the Disciple church of Collamer, who offered to pay the expenses of such a proceeding, Kev. W. B. Hendrix began a scries of Discijile meetings at Collinwood. They were blessed with marked success, and on the 16th of April a church was organized by Mr. Hendrix, with fifty-nine members. It was immediately proposed to build a house of worship, and in ten days less than two months from the organization, a handsome framed edifice was coni- jileted, costing about two thousand five hundred dollars, of which Mr. Dille contributed eight hundred. , It was dedicated on the 4th of .Tuly,.1878. The church has now about seventy members; being still under the pastorate of Mr. Hendrix. The over- seers are the same as those at Collamer, E. M. Dille aud Wm. Hudson; the deacons are George Moi'seand Alexander Mcllrath. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF COLLINWOOD. The supporters of the Congregational creed, and others who were desirous of having religious worship in Collinwood, united in. erecting a framed house of worship in 1874, before! any church had been organ- ized. A Congregational church, with the- above title, was formed in 1875. The first pastor was the Eev. Josiah Turner. He was succeeded by the Eev. C. E. : liuddick, who closed his services in 1878. There are now about sixty members. The deacons are L. Cody, J. Fronting, C. Hoaglaud aud George Beading; the trustees are L. Cody, Wm. Greenlees, Benj. Carter: and Wm. Jonghin. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 1847 . Trustees, Theron Wood worth. Ahimaaz Sherwin, Samuel Erwin ; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Isaac N. PUlsbury; assessor. Freeman Whitman. ltfI8. Trustees, Benjamin Crawford, Samuel Erwiu, Joel Jones; clerk, Ansel YoTuig:; treasurer, B. T. Blackwell; assessor, Benj. P. Beers. 1^9. Trustees, Hiram Mcllrath. Joel Jones, Benj. S. Welch; clerk. A. Young; treasurer, B. T. Blackwell; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1850. Trustees, H. Jlcllrath, J. P. Doan, Darius Ford; clerk, Horatio C. Ford; treasurer, Daniel R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1851. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, John Welch, J. P. Doan; clerk, H. C. Ford; treasurer, D. R, Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. ia52. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, John Welch, J. P. Doan; clerk, H. C. Ford; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1853. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, Joel Jones, Lyman Crosby; clerk. E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1864. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, B. P. Beers, Lasell Birge; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasui-er, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1855. Trustees, Lasell Birge, E. H. Lacy, Jonathan C. Bowles; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant: treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1856. Trustees, D. A. 1 eers, J. R. Walters, Park B. Clark; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1857. Trustees. J. R. Walters, G. Watkins, Jos. Phillips; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. HUdreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1868. Trustees, J. R. Walters, Fredk. P. Silsby, Wm. Treat; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1859. Trustees, F. P. Silsby, Darius Adams, Alfred Talbot; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, S. W. Baldwin. 1800. Trustees, Darius .'Vdams, Jos. Slaght, F. L. Burt; clerk, E. T Sturtevant; treasurer. John R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1801. Trustees, Darius Adams, L. F. Beers, Geo. Mather; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. W'alters; assessor, H. N. S]uith. 1863. Trustees, Sargent Currier, L. F. Beers, C. W. Dellenbaugh; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor. H. N. Smith. 1803. Trustees, li. F. Beers, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Sargent Currier; clerk, S. VV. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walter.s; assessor, H. N. Smith. 18M. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, R. C. Meeker. Jas. Haycox: clerki S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters: assessor. H. N. Smith. 1805. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor. H. N. Smith. 1860. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer. J. R. Walters: assessor, H. N. Smith. 1867. Trustees. C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker; clerk, S. W'. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. ISils. Trustees, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker, W. P. Hudson; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasuier, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1869. . Trustees, Andrew Wemple. W. P. Hud.son, L. F. Beers; clerk. S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, H. S. Smith. 1870. Trustees, W. P. Hudson, Robt. Harlow, L. F. Beers; clerk. S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard. 1871. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, L. F. Beers, Seth Minor: clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard. 1872. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, L. F. Beers, Seth Minor; clerk, S. W Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard. 1873. Trustees, Seth Minor, L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames; clerk, W. B. Wearing; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1874. Trustees- L, F. Beers, Joseph Ames, Marion Minor: clerk, W. B. Wearing; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1875. Trustees, .L. F. Beers, Joseph .\mes, Marion Minor; clerk, VV. B. Waring; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor. Levi Thomas. 1876. Trustees, Marion Minor, L. F. Beers, Joseph Aries ; clerk, Nor- ton Doan: treasurer, A. C. Stevens: assessor, Levi Thomas. 1877. Trustees, Joseph Ames, Joseph Parks, Marion Minor; clerk, Wm. .James; treasurer, A. C. Stevens; assessor, Anson Bartlett. 1878. Trustees, Joseph Ames, Joseph Parks, Wm. Quilliams; clerk, Norton Doan; treasurer, Wm. James: assessor, Anson Bartlett. 1879. Trustees, AVilliam T. Quilliams, Joseph Amor, Joseph Parks; clerk, Norton Doan: treasurer, Wni. James: assessor, Anson Bartlett. .JOHN DOANE. IMie distinction of being the earliest surviving male resident of the county invests Mr. Doane with public interest and the facts regarding his ancestors and his . life will be read with jileasure. He is descended from one of the oldest families in this country, and the family is also an old one in England and is thus al- luded to in the "Patronymica Brittanica:" " Done. — A great Cheshire family whom Omerod designates as a "race of warriors who held Utkinton (supi)osed to be the Done of Domesday) as military tenants of Veii- ables from the time of King John. The chiefs of this house will be found in the battle rolls of Agin- court, Bloreheath and Flodden. * * * 'p],,, name is pronounced Done (o long) and is also spelled Doane by members of the same (Cheshire) family.". The originalJohn Doane, the founder of the Doane family in this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of the first three ships that sailed to Plymouth, landing at that famous s})»t in the year 1630. A brother came after aud settled in Canada; auother brother settled in Virginia and founded an extensive connection. John Doane took a prominent and useful part in the Plymouth Colony, and in 1633 was chosen assist- ant to Governor Winslow. In addition to this and to the civil offices which he held he was made a deacon in the church at Plymouth and at Eastham. He died in 1685 at the advanced age of ninety-five years. He had five children, all of whom were the progen- itors of large families. The youngest, Daniel, had four children by his first wife, among whom was Jo- seph Doane, born in 1669, three years after the fire and plague of London. Joseph had twelve children; . a 'rz-zWi JJ-i O-Cti-t.^^ EAST clevp:land. 451 llie first was named Mary, after the mother, and the socoiul Josepli, after the father. Joseph, Jr., was born Noveiiiher 15, 1693, and married Deborah Had- dock ill 1735. He removed to Middle Iladdam, near Middlctown on the Connecticut river, and there en- gaged in ship building. His third son, Seth, was born June 0, lT.Jo, and married Mercy Parker, by whom he had ninecliildren: .Seth, Timothy, Elizabeth, Nathan- iel, Job (who died in infancy), Mercy, Job, John M. and Deborah. Tlie twoSetli Doanes, fatlier and son, were taken prisoners by the British, from a merchant vessel in liTG, during the revolutionary war, the father at tlie time being mate of the vessel on which he was cajitured. They were released in 1777, and soon after the younger Seth died from sickness contracted while a prisoner, and due to his captivity. Nearly all the children of Seth Doane removed West, and among the prominent pioneers of C'uy- lioga county were Timothy and Mary Gary Doane, parents of the subject of this sketch, who moved hither from Herkimer county, New York, early in the present century. Timothy Doane was born in Middle Haddam, Mid- dlesex county, Connecticut, on the 8tii of November, 17.")'.t. In early life he adopted the calling of a sailor, which he followed nineteen years, a part of that time baing the captain of a merchantman. In 1783 he married Mary Cary, by whom he had ten cliildren, viz: Nancy, born May G, 1783; Seth itorn April 11, 1785; Timothy, born April 7, 1787; Mary, born May 16, 1789; Mercy, born Sei)tember 33, 1794; Del)ora!i, born January 11, 1796, and John, the suliject of this notice, born on the 21st of June, 1798. Some time after his marriage Timothy Doane gave up the sea, and removed to Herkimer county. New York, where he engaged in farming. It was during his residence in that county that .John Duaiie was born in the town of P'rankford. Mr. Doane remained in New York seven years, and then determined to move still farther West. He ac- cordingly dis|)osed of his farm, and with his family set out for Ohio. They traveled to Bulfalo with one team of horses and one of oxen. At that place the family remained while the father jmshed forward tliroiigh the unbroken forest — it being then in the month of Februar}'— until he reached the residence of his brother Nathaniel, who liad lately settled at Doane's Corners, now in the eastern jjai't of the city of Cleveland. He immediately purchased two lots of land, in what was formerly called Euclid, but for I liirty-two years has been known as East Cleveland. In the spring of the same year (1801) he sent for his family. They came in an open boat to Paines- ville, where the boat became disabled and sank, so that from there they were obliged to travel overland — the party of five riding on two horses, and finding their way through the forest by the aid of "burnt trees " etc. They arrived at their destination after a long, wearisome and eventful journey. Their nearest neighbor for two or tliree years was Nathaniel Doane at "Doane's Corners." For a number of years Mr. Doane found constant employment in cutting down the timber, tilling the land, and building a home for his family. In later life he became prominently identified with many of the public interests of the county, and wherever known was recognized as a man of staunch principles and unvarying integrity. He was a justice of the peace when the county was first organized, and was also a judge of the court of common pleas. He died on the 14th of November, 1838. His wife survived him twenty years, her death occurring in the same month in the year 1848. John Doane received a limited education, such as was alforded by the common schools of that day. He remained at the paternal home, assisting in clearing and tilling the farm until he reached his twenty-second year. He then commenced farming upon his own account, which he continued uninter- ruptedly nntil 1874 when he retired from active busi- ness. He has lived upon the farm which he still owns for seventy-eight years; having seen an unbroken wilderness displaced by fruitful fields and pleasant homes, while small settlements have grown into jtojiu- lous cities. Mr. Doane, although very plain and unostentatious, is a man of strong principles. He was among the first to abandon the objectionable pioneer custom of the frequent use of intoxicating liquors. Tlirougli- out life he has been strictly temperate in his habits; never using tobacco in any form, and although now in his eighty-second year, he possesses a fair amount of physical vigor and undiminished mental powers. In his early days he was an active member of the militia cavalry, in which lie held the otlice of ser- geant. In politics he has uniformly acted with the Republicans, but has never in any way sought public oflRce. Since 1839 he has been a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and both as a christian and a citizen he has ever been highly esteemed. Mr. Doane was married January 17, 1820, to Anno- livia Baldwin, daughter of Seth Baldwin, of Cleve- land, who died in February, 1821. He was married the second time to Sophia Taylor, daughter of Jona- than Taylor, of Middle Iladdam, Connecticut, on the 37th of September, 1823. By this union he had six children: >[ary F., born November20, 1823; Alii, gail, born September 16, 1823; Edward B., born January 17, 1838; Annolivia, born September 16, 1829; Harriet S., born August 18, 1831, and Jolin W., born August 17, 1833. Mrs. Doane died on the 3rd of October, 1870. The majority of Doanes or Doansin this section spell their names without the final letter, but Mr. John Doane and his descendants prefer to adhere to the original form, wliich is the one in common use throughout the country. 452 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER LXXV. EUCLID. Euclid assigned to the Surveyors— Origin of the Name— The Agreement uot carried out— John Morse— Joseph Burke— David Dille— Kiiple and Coleman— A House without a Board— Learning two Trades to get some Meal— Salting Fish— Jacob Coleraau— A Superabundance of Rattle- snakes-Gad Cranney and Abraham Bishop— Organization of the Township— First Officers- Excitement in the War ot 1K13— Dr. Farns- worth- Cheap Land— Paul P. Condit— Euclid Village and Euclid Creek —The Voters of 1815— The Old Stoneware Factory— Euclid Creek in ISil— Th» Householders of 1838— Steady Improvement— Ship Yard at the Mouth of the Creek— The Railroad— The War for the Union— Grape-Culture— The Stone Business— The Present Village of Euclid— Ir.corijoration- CoUinwood— The Baptist Church- St. Johns Congre- gation—Presbyterian Church— St. Paul's Church— Principal Town- ship Officers. As stated in the general liLstoiT of the county, the surveyors and laborers employed by the Connecticut Land Company to survey the Western Reserve, insisted, after their arrival in tliat tract, in the spring of 1706 on having a sbare in the fortune which was ex2iected to be derived from it. Gen. Cleaveland, the agent of the company and superintendent of the survey, was obliged to accede to tlieir request, and agreed that those of them who chose to become actual settlers might have a township at one dollar per acre. This acrreemeut was confirmed by a written contract, made at Cleveland, on the 30th of September following, by which township eight, in the eleventh range was as- signed to the employees before mentioned. The education of the principal surveyors having been chiefly mathematical, they agreed to call their township by the name of the great mathematician, Euclid. The name has ever since been retained, be- ing applied first to the survej'-township and then to the civil township covering the same territory. The western and southwestern parts have since been taken off, to form part of the township of East Cleveland: leaving Euclid an irregular tract, with an eastern boundary nearly nine miles long, a southern one less than three miles long, and a northwestern one (on the lake shore) about six miles long. This sketcli is in- tended to give the history of the territory now com- prising Euclid, leaving tlie remainder of the old town- ship of that name to be treated of under the head of East Cleveland, though it will occasionally be neces- sary to allude to incidents and persons on the west side of the line between those two townships. By the contract between Gen. Cleaveland and the surveyors, the latter were to settle eleven families in the township in 1797, eighteen more in 1798, and twelve more in 1799; all with houses, and with small clearings of specified amounts. .Otherwise, the land was fco revert to the company, except that parties who performed under the contract were not to lose their rights. Immediately afterward the employees held a meet- ing, and arranged by lot who were to begin settle- ments under the contract, respectively, in one, two and three years, that is in 1797, '98 and '99. Of all who thus planned the allotment of this magnificent tract, (in which each would have had five luindred acres), not a single one became a permanent resident of the territory in question, although one of the number, Nathaniel Doan did become a resident at "Doan's Corners" in Cleveland township, now included in Cleveland city. Yet several attempts were made to carry out the arrangement. Among the memoranda of the surveys of the fol- lowing year (1797) we find one which says that on the 10th of August two men started out to do "settling duties" for Seth Pease and Dr. Shepard, two of the leading men employed by the company. Several other beginnings were made in that year under the contract, mostly on the flats between the ridge and the lake shore. This part of the township was sui- veved into small tracts, while the portion farther from the lake was divided into larger ones; the inten- tion being that each man might have a place near the lake and one farther back. The first considerable improvement of which there is any account was made in 1798 by John Morse, wlio was not one of the original surveyors of 1796, but may have purchased the right of one of them. He built a good log house on the ridge, on the east line of the township, and girdled about twenty aci'cs of timber around it. He also cleared oil three or four acres on the flats near the lake shore, and sowed it to wheat and grass seed. In due time the wheat was cut and secured in the sheaf in a small log barn, covered with black ash bark. Notwithstanding all this labor, Morse seems to have abandoned his land very sud- denly, for the wheat was left to be destroyed by tiie weather (remaining untouched in the frail barn for several years) while the part sowed to grass for more than ten years furnished the whole township witli "timothy'" and "red-top " seed, the two kinds sowed by Morse. The first permanent settler in Euclid township was Joseph Burke, a native of Vermont and a drummer in the Revolutionary army. He was not one of the forty-one employees who made the contract with Gen. Cleaveland, in 1796, though he may have belonged to the survey-corps the next year. He settled in 1798 or '99 on the east line of ilie township, north of and adjoining the land taken up by Morse. Burke's cabin was on the main road, which had been opened from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, at the foot of the ridge, to the extent of girdling the trees on a space two rods wide, and cutting out what little un- derbrush there was. It could not be traveled in a wagon without an axe to remove obstructions. Ml-. Burke soon obtained a little whisky and opened a sort of tavern, not only the first in the township, but the first between Conneaut and Cleve- land. He remained about ten years, when, lie re- moved to Columbia in the present county of Lorain. He afterwards volunteered in the war of 1813, and died in the service. The next settler in the present township of Euclid, of whom we have any account, was David Dille, a native of New Jerse}-, who came from western Penu- EUCLID. 453 sylvaniji in November, 1798, and located himself on the main road lialf a mile southwest of Euclid creek. .Mr. Dille had been actively engaged in the border wars witli the Indians during and subsc((uent to tlie Revolution, and was in the expedition of Colour! Crawford when that unfortunate commander was de- feated, captured and burned at tlie stake, near Upper Sandusky. He had five sons, Nehemiaii, Lewis li., Calvin, Luther and Asa, wlio were nearly all grown to manliood when their father came to Euclid, and who eitiier came with him or made tlieir way tliitlier witiiiii two or three years afterward. He had also fourteen younger cliildreu, mostly natives of Euclid. -Mr. Dille lived the remainder of his long life in Euclid, and died tliere, having trebly done his duty to the country, as soldier, pioneer and parent. Although, as before stated, David Dille was the first actual settler after Burke, of whom anything is known, yet iu August previous five young men from Washington county, Pennsylvania, came to Euclid to look for land, and four of them made selections along the main road; John Shaw and Thomas Mcllrath iu what is now East Cleveland; John Ruplo iu Euclid, close to the line between the two townships; and William Coleman at Euclid creek. The fifth num. (iarrett Thorp, did not then make a selection. In April, 1804, Coleman, Shaw and Mcllratli be- gan work on their respective locations. In the fall of hs(i4, Mr. Coleman, having cleared and planted two or three acres, and got out the logs for a cabin, brouglit on his family to their new home. He was a native of New Jersey, only twenty-three years old, !iut blessed with a wife and two children, and with little beside; his worldly goods consisting of a yoke of oxen, a wagon, a cow, and seventy-five cents in money. The wagon cover served as a tent for a short lime, tlie few neighbors (all who lived within ten miles were neighbors) heljied roll up the logs for a laliin, and then Mr. and Mrs. Coleman put on the roof without other assistance. AVhen finished there was not a piece of board about the house; the door, the ehamber-floor, and so much of an under floor as liiere was, being all made of stuff sj)lit out of logs witii an axe. A series of incidents related by Mr. Coleman in a manuscript preserved by the His-torical Society, illus- trates most forcibly the difficulties of i)ionecr life. The family having by the following March used ujiall the little stock of corn wliich liad been raised the pre- vious year, Mr. Coleman went to Judge Huntington's wife, at Newburg, (the judge being away on his judi- cial duties) and endeavored to purchase some on credit. The tiirifty housewife luirdiv felt dis])osed to sell in that way to a stranger, but being desirous to aid liini if [iracticable, asked him if he could make baskets. "Yes," promptly replied young Coleman, who felt that it Wiis true, for lie was sure that he could make baskets if a squaw could, although as yet he had never tried. " Well, what will you ask to make me some?" she then inquired. " The old Indian price," he replied; '"the basket full of shelled corn." She i)romptly agreeil to tlu' tei-tus, and gave him a list of the number and size of liaskets she wanted. He then returned home, borrowing thirty jjounds of corn-meal on the way, of Captain Timothy Doane, in the present township of East Cleveland, to be repaid on the completion of the basket-contract. The next morning Mr. Coleman looked up some good timber and began to learn the trade of basket-nuiking. It took him several days to accpiire the art to his own satisfaction, but at length he succeeded in making a substantial, good-looking basket, and at the end of three weeks he had filled his contract. He then took his oxen, and carried his manufactures and some empty bags to Mrs. Huntington, who was well pleased with his work, and filled the baskets with corn accord- ing to contract; the whole amounting to ten and a half bushels. Mr. Coleman next went to the mill at Newburg, then owned by Rudolphus Edwards, to get his corn ground, but found that the stones had been taken out to receive an entirely new "dress." Deacon Burke, an old miller, had been sent for all the way from Hudson, to do the work, which had already occiijjied several days, and was likely to occujjy several more. Coleman was bent on returning home with some meal as soon as possible; so after watching the deacon's oji- erations a short time he told Edwards that the best thing for all parties was for him, Edwards, to board him and his oxen while he should help Burke dress the stones. Edwards was willing, if Coleman could do the work properly. The latter had never struck a blow on a mill-stone in his life, but he was accustomed to the use of tools, had plenty of confidence in him- self and was sure he could imitate the ]iattcrn set by the deacon. He tried it and succeeded to the entire satisfaction of the old miller. He accordingly re- mained, and after two or three days work the task was completed and the grist was ground. Mr. Cole- man then made his way home, having exj)ended nearly a month's time and learned two trades in order to get a few hundred pounds of corn meal. The next move was to go to Rocky river to catch fish for the summer's use, as was the custom with all the pioneers of this section. Mr. Coleman and an- other man went thither in a canoe and soon returned with two barrels of line pike and pickerel. Curiously enough, down to this time the people liad generally supposed that lake-fish could not lie preserved in salt or brine. An old Indian, when applied to for infrac- tice, both as physician and surgeon, for over twenty years; being frequently called on to go fifteen or twenty miles on horseback at night, Avith a guide, also on hor.scback, leading the way with a torch. Notwithstanding the war, occasional emigrants came in. Benjamin Day bought three hundred acres just west of the site of Nottingham, lauding with his family the day before Perry's victory. Uis only sur- viving son, Dr. Robert Day, was then eiglit years old. and well remembers the dense forests which then covered that part of the township. Where Notting- ham nf)W is, there was only a path designated by marked trees and nearly all the settlers were on the main road, sometimes called the State road, or else down near tlie lake shore. Land was still cheaj); in 181.3 Luther Dille ])aid only three dollars i)or acre. In 1814 Jonathan Pelton pur- chased Abraham Bishop's farm and sawmill on Euclid creek (near the present stone (|uarries) and made his residence there. His son, Seth D. Pelton, now of Euclid creek, was then nineteen years old and his brother Joseph, who died in 1870, was twenty-one. John Bishop, brother of Abraliam, lived at what is now Euclid village. Shortly afterward Paul P. Gondii opened a tavern in a frame house on the main road, half a mile west of the locality last named. This was ])robablv the first tavern kejtt in a framed house in the township. Abram Earr opened one at P^uclid creek, shortly after Condit. By this time there was a small hamlet, called Euclid, situated where Collanier now is. which was the center of business (of which there was very little) for the townsbij). Two miles northeast, of the nniin road was a still smaller cluster of houses, known as Euclid Creek, which has now assumed the name formerly assigned to the other village. Immediately after the war, Euclid began settling up with considerable rapidity, so many clearings mak- ing their ajipcarance l)oth on the flat land and on the ridge, that we cannot any longer attempt to designate the locations of the individual settlers. We give, however, the names, taken from the poll list, of all who voted in October, 1815; doubtless including those of nearly every voter in the old township. They are as follows: Timothy Doan, Wm. Coleman, David Hendershot, Nehemiah Dille, John Shaw, Seth Doan, Jacob Coleman, James Strong, Asa Dille 2d, Ama- ziah Porter, John U. Strong, Levi Thomas, Thos. Barr, David Dille, Samuel Ruple, Samuel Mcllrath, Jedediah Crocker, Samuel Dodge, J. Adams, A. Dille, Havilla Farnsvvorth, Francis K. Porter, Luther Dille, Enoch Murry, Benjamin Day, Abraham Bishop, Walter Strong, Samuel Mcllrath, Abraham L. Mor- ris, Jedediah D. Crocker, Parker Pelton, Samuel Crocker, Daniel S. Tyler, Joseph Pelton, Ezra B. Smith, Dennis Cooper, Calvin Dille, Abijah Crosby, Lewis R. Dille, Hugh Hamilton, Wm. Gray, Jas. Ruple — 42. W'illiam Coleman was made the first postmaster in the township as early as 1815. In 18)7 or '18 he built the first gristmill in the townshij) on Euclid creek, and afterwards a sawmill. About 1830, or a little before, W^illiam Gra}', who had been settled ten or twelve years at the mouth of Euclid creek, built works there for making stoneware, such as jugs, jars, etc. In 1833 he sold the works to J. & L. Marsilliott, whose advertisement ajipears in the Cleveland Herald of that year. They, or at least one of them — Leonard Marsilliott — kept up the works about fifteen years; doing a large business for that era. He brought his clay from Springfield, Ohio, and burned seven or eight kilns every year: keeping five or six hands employed all the time. Mrs. Cushman, a daughter of William Coleman, who was born in 1819, and whose memory goes baedc to 1823, remembers that there was then at Euclid creek, a framed Baptist church, a framed school- house and a block-house which had been built by a -Mr. Randall. It was not until 1828, however, as appears by the records, that the trustees divided the townslii]) into school districts, forming nine districts which con- tained in all a hundred and eighty-three householders. . Fortunately the names of all these are preserved on the townshi)) record; so that we are able to show prettv accurately the progress of settlement in the old town- ship of Euclid at that time. They are as follows: District No. 1. — Aaron S. Bass, Austin H. Avery, Charles Moses, Nicholas Chinmark, Havilla Farns- worth, Abimcl Dodge, William Gray, John Wilcox, Charles Andrews, p]zekiel St. John, Artemas Pringlc, -Vmaziah Porter, John Sage, Absalom Van, Curtis 456 THE TOWNSHIPS OV CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Gould, William Coleman, Paul P. Condit, Nehemiah Dille, John F. Smith, David Dille, Dennis Cooper, Jolin Young, Benjamin Hamilton, Peter Bower, — Lucas, — Hays, — Childs — 28. District No. 2.— William Camp, John H. Camp, Jolin West, John Euple, John Hoagland, Samuel Ruple, BenJ. Hoagland, John Stoncr, Benj. S. Welch, Enoch Meeker, John Gardner, William Adams, John K. Hall, Nathaniel Woodruff, Myndert Wimple, An- drew McFarland, Elijah Burton, George R. Whitney, Sargent Currier, Alvin Hollister, Jesse Palmer, Jas. F. Palmer, Dr. Hotchkiss, Joseph King, Polydore King, Thomas Palmer, Peter Rush, Henry King, Mathias Rush, Moses Bond, Cyrus Ruple, Abram Histou, John Shaw, Eliliu Rockwell — 34. District No. 3. — Michael McDrath, Hosea Blinn, James Corbus, Amos Stebhius, Joel Jones, Benjamin Jones, John Doan, Samuel Dodge, Daniel Bronson, Joseph Marshall, Andrew Mellrath, Andrew Mcll- rath, Jr., Merritt Liudley, John Burt, Samuel E. Smitli, Eli Williams. Seth Doan, Thomas McHrath, Stephen Peet, Jedediah Crocker, Lewis Stanislaus, Thomas Phillips— 22. District No. 4. — Guy Lee, Thomas Curtis, John Welch, John Handee, Adoniram Peck, Jesse Cross, Jacob S. Dille, Richard Curtis, Clark Currier, Step- hen B. Meeker, Abram Mattox, Jacob Compton, Elias Lee, Reynolds Calioon, Asa Dille, Lewis R. Dille, Abel Handee— 17. District No. 5. — Benjamin SawtiU, Benjamin Saw- till, Jr., A. D. Slaght, Cyrus Gilbert, Josephus Hen- dershott, John Allaton, Samuel Ruple 2d, Lawrence Ruple, Isaac Ilusong, Abner Heston, John Goulden, William Ruple, Samuel W. Dille, John Cowel — 14. District No. 6.— William Hale, Thomas Mellrath, Jr., Samuel Mellrath, Samuel Mellrath 2d, Thad- deus Wright, Aaron Bunnel, James Johnston, Ben- jamin Day, Abijah Crosby, Jolin Ruple 2d, P^zekiel Adams, John Adams — 12. District No. 7. — Gad Craniiey, Levi Thomas, Asa Dille 2d, Calvin Dille, Luther Dille, Leonard Mar- silliot, Jason Crosier, Wakeman Penfield, Garrett Thorp, Jacob Coleman, Jacob Coleman, Jr., Abijah Coleman, Abraham Voorhees, Abraham Perry, Luther Crosier, = Johnston, AVarren Andrews, Joseph Crqninger, Peter Thorp, William Wright, Henry Ewers — 21. District No. 8. — Henry Shipherd, Elihu Richmond, Asa Weston, Samuel Robbins, Omar Spring, William Richmond, Russell Benjamin, Asaliel Payne, David Spraguc, Virgil Spring, Edmund Richmond, Levi Riciimond, George Weston. District No. n. — John Smith, Michael Stewari Esther Aikins, John E. Aikins, Amasa Payne. Ruel House, William Treat, Amasa Babbitt, Thomas Gray, William Upson, John Cone, Abraham Bis hop, James M. Strong, George Griffith, Stephei AVliite, Seth D. Peltou, Jonathan Pelton, Joseph Pel ton, 'J'racy Evans, Charles White, Robert Aikins — 21 District No. 10.— Lawrence OX'onnor, Alansoi O'Connor, Jos. House, Jeremiah Shumway, Timothy Eddy, Aliaz Merchant, Benjamin Thorii. Andrew Stewart, .John Moore, David Bunnel, Luther Wood- worth, Ezra Fairfield, Cornelius Thorp, Isaac Page — 14. It will, of course, be seen by this goodly list that Euclid was pretty well advanced in the way of settle- ment in 1828, and doubtless, the rattlesnakes had mostly by this time been frightened out of the local- ity. A stage route had been established along the main road between Cleveland and Buffalo, along which two-horse and four-horse teams went every day and both ways, and when emigration opened in the spring, the lake being still closed, it sometimes seemed as if the whole Eastern World was pouring along the great road to the Far West. During the next decade the old log houses of the pioneers were generally changed for framed ones, and notwithstanding the "hard times" of 1837, there was a marked imi)rovement in the appearance of the township. About 1840, or a little before, Ruel House, Charles Moses and Captain Wm. Trist opened a ship-yard at the mouth of Euclid creek, which was maintained some ten years. They first devoted their energies to building canal-boats, the yard being on the west side of the creek. Ten or twelve were built in the course of four or five years. Then the yard was moved to the west side and the work of building schooners was engaged in. Six or seven were put afloat in the course of the next five years; the last and largest having a measurement of about three hun- dred tons. R. H. Strowbridge, who came in 1840, says that Abram Farr was still keeping tavern at Euclid creek, and there were three stores at that point; those of John Bishop, Chas. Farr and Nelson Moses. The township was still somewhat thickly settled in the southern part, adjoining Warrensville. Stone-quar- ries had recently been opened near the ]iresent ones on Euclid creek, by James Hendershot, Madison Sherman and Husong, but were not worked much. Madison Sherman had the first mill for cutting stone. We have now passed through the more interesting part of the township's life, the era of its transmuta- tion from a wilderness into an agricultural com- munity, and must proceed with greater speed over the remaining portion. In 1847 the western part of Euclid was annexed to the newly formed townsiiip of East Cleveland, reducing the former to its present limits. By 1850 the township was well settled in all its parts, though still showing some of the marks of newness and roughness. In 1852 the opening of the Cleveland, Painesvillc and Ashtabula railroad (since become a part of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern road) extending for five miles and a half through the present town- ship of Euclid, gave it still greater similarity to an old settled country. By 18C0 the transient observer would never have guessed that only forty \cars before ElTOLIl). 457 Euclid was the congenial lioine of llie deer, the bear, the wolf and the deadly rattlesnake. All wore the appearance of smiling repose and iinhounded plenty. Rut treason and slavery, more deadly foes than wolf or rattlesnake, were about to assail the country, and Euclid, like all the rest of the land, was obliged lo send forth her gallant sons to defend the nation's life. The records of both their deeds and their names will be found with their respective regiments in the general history of the county. Since the war more changes have been carried out ill Euclid tJian in almost any other township in the roiinty. (i rape-culture has become a very important industry. It was begun in a small way near Collamer about 18.")5, but did not attain much consequence until after the war. We arc indebted for some facts regard- ing i I 1(1 Mr. Louis Harris, one of the largest grajjc- growers in the township. Mr. Harris was the first man who phiiited a vineyard on Put-in-Bay island, but becoming satisfied that Euclid was a much superior locality for that purpose he removed thither. He has no hesitation in saying that that is the best locality for Delaware grapes in the whole State of Ohio. It requires three years for a vineyard to get into bearing order. There has been but one year in the history of Euclid grape-culture, in which vineyards of that age or older did not bear. There are about two iiiindred and twenty acres of vineyards in the towu- ship, devoted to Concord, Catawba, Delaware, Martha, Ives, Diana and Hartford Prolific grapes; the Con- cords and Oatawbas being the principal varieties raised. The Concords produce about three tons per acre, the C'atawbas two tons, the Delawares two, the Marthas two, the Dianas two and a half, the Ives four, and the Hartford Prolifics no less than five tons per acre. An especially good characteristic of the Euclid vine- yards- is the fact that the vines require no prote'ctiou (luring the winter; the slatcstone of the soil produc- ing strong liardy wood for the vines, impervious to all the winds that blow on lake or land. The poorest soil lor grain is the best for grajies. Land which, as Mr. Harris said, would not raise wheat enough to feed the grasshoppers, has produced good crops of grapes for ten years in succession. The principal market is found in Cleveland, but largo (|uantities are sliipped to Chicago, Cincinnati and Louisville. Besides the grapes sold in bulk, consiilerable fiuantities are made into wine by Mr. Harris and others in Euclid, and thence sent away for sale. Tiie stone business, too, has become an important one within the last twelve years. Tiie (puirries worked forty years ago had been substantially abandoned, on account of the sii])i)oscd impracticability of compet- ing with the Berea stone. In 1807, however, Mr. Duncan McFarland opened a quarry on Euclid creek, not far from the old ones, and since then the business has rapidly increased in consequence. James and Thomas McBarland opened the first quarry on the west side of the creek in 1871. In 1875 they sold out to the Forest City Stone Company, opened a quarry on the east side and built a mill for cutting the stone into slabs. They now run three gangs of saws and employ about fifteen hands, mostly in producing fiagging stone, though some building stone, etc., is (juarricd. The Forest City Stone Company employ twenty- five men, and are doing a very extensive business. Their mill is in Cleveland. Maxwell Brothers (now McBride, Maxwell & Ma- lone) opened a quarry and built a very large mill on Nine Mile Creek in 1873. They run six gangs of saws, with about twenty men. They use Ingersoll's steam drill, carrying steam eleven hundred feet into the quarry for that purpose, and thus driving the drill twenty inches into the solid rock in three min- utes. There is also a sleam-niiil. for sawing stone, at Nottingham, built and owned by Slosson & iMcekcr. It has four gangs of saws, principally employed in cutting fiagging stone. The village once known as East Euclid, or Euclid Creek, but now more projierly designated as Euclid, contains one church, a fine school-house, two stores, one hotel, one steam basket-factory, one wagon shop, one shoe-shop, two blacksmith shojis, and about thirty houses. It has not grown very rapidly of late, finding a rival in Nottingham, another small village which has grown up since 185"i on the Lake Shore railroad, three-fourths of a mile to the northward. The latter has two stores, one wagon-sho]), one feed- mill, one stone-mill, one shoe-shoj), two Ijlacksmith- shops, and also about thirty houses. Nearly the whole of Euclid township was incorpor- ated "for special purposes,"' under the laws of Ohio, in April, 1877, when L. B. Smith, William Robbins and Louis Harms were elected trustees, and J. Day was appointed clerk. In April, 1878, L. B. Smith was re-elected for three years. But the corporate ex- istence of Euclid was very brief, for at the election in October, 1878, the people voted to surrender their corporate privileges, and revert to the rural condition of their forefathers. There is a commodious town-hall, built of brick, situated at Euclid village. In the south part of the township there is a framed building called Temper- ance Hall. It was built in 1877 by subscription, and is used for meetings of various kinds, especially for those of Clilf Division, No. 08, of the Sons of Tem- perance. The division M'as organized in August of that year and contains about fifty members. A part of the village of Collinwood, which has grown up since the wai-, on the Lake Shore railroad, is also in Euclid; the main street of the village being the line between that township and East Cleveland. As, however, the greater part of the village is in East Cleveland, it will be more fully described in the his- tory of that township. 458 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. EUCLID BAPTIST CHURCH. * On the 27th day of April, 1830, six brethren and five sisters were recognized by a coiTUcil, duly called, as the regular Baptist church of Euclid. Luther Dille was the first deacon. Of those eleven members none remain alive; Calvin Dille, who died in 1875, being the last survivor. Previous to the date first given tliere had for several years been Baptist preach- ing in Euclid by Elder Goodell and others, but no church organization. Elder Azariah Hanks, whose wife was one of the constituent members, united by letter at the first meeting of the church, became its pastor, and continued so for about four jears. His labors during the first year were singularly successful, no less than forty-three persons, besides the eleven constituent members, uniting by baptism, and eight by letter, during the remaining eight months of 1824. Ten united on the 3d of June following the organi- zation, of whom Deacon Seth D. Pelton is the only sur- vivor, being the oldest living member of the church. In September of that year Elder Hanks, Deacon Dille and Mr. Libbey were sent as delegates to request the admission of the church into the Grand Kiver As- sociation and to i-epresent it when admitted. It was so admitted, and (except during two years when it belonged to Huron association) remained in the Grand River body until 1834, wlien it entered the Rocky River association, of which it has ever since been a member. The jurisdiction of the church seems to have ex- tended over a goodly portion of the Western Reserve, meetings being held at East Euclid, at Newburg, fre- quently at Chagrin river, and sometimes at S. D. Pel- ton's residence on the ridge, near the site of the stone (juarries. But the principal headquartei's of the church were at Euclid creek, and there in January, 1821, the members voted to build "a framed house of worship on land given by John Wilcox, thirty feet square, with posts fifteen feet long, a gallery in front of the desk, ten feet wide, two doors opposite the desk, two aisles and thirty-six pews on the lower floor.'" It was first voted that the pews should be sold for twelve dollars each; afterwards that they should be sold at auction, "twenty per cent, to be jjaid in ashes in advance, and the balance by the first of January n'ext in grain." Wheat was then §1, rye 75 cents and corn 50 cents \)er bushel. Nothing could more clearly show the scarcity of money and the primitive customs of those times than this extract. John Wilcox, Wm. Treat and S. D. Pelton were the building committee, and the structure is believed to have been erected during the ensuing year. In 1822 the church employed Elder Hanks as pastor two- thirds of the time for two hundred bushels of wheat. The next year, becoming more wealthy, they voted to pay him three hundred bushels per year, appar- ently for the whole of his time. "Condensed from printed sketch by Rev. S. B. Webster. No subsequent year has been so fruitful in conver- sions as the first one of Elder Hanks' pastorate. The church maintained its original strength, but did not greatly increase in numbers. In 1838 Solo- mon Dimick was the pastor, and during that year seventeen were added to the church. Twenty-eight were baptized in 1843, under the labors of Elder Crocket, though apparently there was no regular pastor at that time. The church was incorporated, uuder a special act of the legislature, on the 12th of March, 1844, doubt- less preparatory to tiie erection of a new house of worship. The latter was begun in 1845, being, like the former one, erected on land donated by John Wilcox. It was to be of brick, about thirty-six feet by forty-eight, and the trustees were to finish it "as fast as the churcli furnish funds." Tliis was slow work; the time for payment in ashes and wheat was passed, but cash was still hard to obtain, and the house was so long in building that it was used for several years in an unfinished state, and was never formally dedicated. It was, however, at last com- pleted, and has Vieen occupied by the church to the present time. During the latter i)art of its existence, the church has maintained the same moderate degree of pros- perity which had previously distinguished it. In 1846, under the pastorate of Elder Wilder, twenty- five were added by baptism, and, in 1849, under Elder Andrews, ten were expelled from the church. In 18G4, when Elder Phillips was the minister, there were twenty-three baptized, but this large increase was succeeded by ten absolutely barren years?, reaching from 18G5 to 1875, in which there was not a single addi- tion to the membership. Tliere are now a little over fifty members, almost exactly the same as there were at the end of the first year of the church's history. The present officers are as follows: Pastor, S. B. Webster; deacons, S. D. Pelton, John Aiken; clerk, J. S. Charles; trustees, Henry Priday, L. J. Neville, S. S. Langshare; clerk of society, Warren (iardner. ST. John's coxgregation (germax evangelical LUTHERAN). In 1845, and the following years, a few German families settled in the southern part of Euclid and the .southeastern part of East Cleveland townshijis. In 1852 these people, tJien comprising about twelve families, tiiough as j'et unorganized, bought an acre of land near the old stone seliool-house, on tlie State road, on which they erected a small framed building for a meeting-house and school-house. In 1853 they formed themselves into a church, with the title above given, and called Rev. H. Kuehn to the pastorate. The next jear tliey bought ten and a half acres more of land adjoining their former purchase, and in 1854 they built a residence for the pastor upon it. By 1860 the congregation had increased to about twenty families, and in that year the Rev. Mr. Kuehn EUCLID. 459 was succeeded by Eev. A. Erust. In 18G3 the present, large and convenient chnrdi edifice was erected, the old one being thencefortli used only as a school-house. The next year Mr. Ernst was succeeded by I?ev. F. \V. riusniann, from Fort Wayne, Indiana, who has ever since acted as the pastor. From that time to the present the church has steadily increased, there being now fifty families with over three hundred members. The school has always licen an object of anxious solicitude to the congregation, religions instruction being carefully inculcated in it, besides the ordinary branches of education, and German and English reading and writing. The pastors themselves taught the school until about four years ago, when, owing to the increased numbers of both church and school, a separate teacher was employed, Mr. II. Lassner hav- ing since acted in that ea|)acity. The deacons and trustees are as follows: Ernest Klaustcrmeier, Ernest Melcher and Fr. Melcher, of Euclid; Fr. IJolf iind Ileni-y Dremann. of East Cilevelaiul, and lleiii'v Klausternieier. of Maylield. I'KICSliYIIClil.W" CHl'U('II OF ^'UTTIX(iII A M. This ehureh was organized about 1870, and, al- though there were but twelve or thirteen members, yet their zeal was such that they built a framed house of worship immediately after the organization. The Iicv. Fianklin McCiinniss supplied the puljiit for about two years. Since then Rev. M. A. Sackett has ]H'rformed the same duty, although the weakness of the congregation has prevented it from sustaining constant services. ST. I'AUl/S ((WTUDLIC) till li( II. This church was organized in the sjn-ing of 18G1, the chureii editit'C, situated between Nottingham and Euclid village, being completed in November of that year. Rev. Edward Harman was the first |)astor, but did not reside in the township. lie was succeeded in lS(i;5 by Rev. Fi'ancis Salenn. and he in 18G5 by Rev. Anthony Martin, the first resident j)astor, who has ever since occupied that position. The .same year a parsonage and a cemetery were purchased, and in I8(;7 a parochial school was established. St. Joseph Chapel, Collin wood, was separately organized in 1877, l)nt is under the care of the same pastor. St. Paul's church now includes about seventy families, and fifty childi'cn attend its ])arochial school. rKIN'Cll'AL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. INIO. Trustees, Elislia Graham, Divid Dllle, Thomas MoIIrath; clerk, Lewis K. Dille; uverseera of the poor, Daniel Ilendershot, IloUey Tan- ner; appraiser. Xehemiah nille; lister, Holley Taimer. ISIl. Not recorded. 1SI3 Trustees, Samuel Dodge, Abraham Bishop, Christopher Colson: clerk. L R. Dille; treasurer, A. Bishop; appraiser, A. Bishop; lister, Nehemiah Dille; overseers of the poor, Elias Lee, John Adams. 1HI.3. Trustees, EHas Lee, Jedediah Crocker, Dan Iluilson; clerk. William Coleman; apprai-er, .ianies .Strong; lister, William Smith; overseers of the poor, David Dille, Elisba Oraham. 1H14. Trustees, Seth Doan. Nehemiah Dille, James Strong; clerk, William Coleman; treasurer, David Dille; appraiser, John Bishop; lister, David Bunnell; overseer of the poor, John Shaw. 1815. Trustees, S. Doan, N. Dille, J. Strong; clerk, Wm. Coleman; treasurer, Enoch Murray; lister, Samuel McIIrath; appraiser, .\. Dille; overseers of the poor, E. Murray, Luther Dille. 1816. Trustees, Samuel McIIrath, Nehemiah Dille, James StroDg; clerk, Luther Dille; treasurer, Enoch Murray; appraiser, Aaron Cooper; lister, S. Ruple; overseers of the poor, John Shaw, John Ruple. 1817. Trustees, Seth Doan, .lohn Ruiile, Tiiomas Gray; clerk, Lutlier Dille; treasurer, Enoch Murraj'; appraiser, Parker Pelton; lister, Anson Cooper; ov..'rseers of the poor, F.noch Murray, James Strong. IHIrt. Trustees, .John Ruple. Enoch Murray, John Wilcox; clerk, Wm. M.Camp; treasurer, David Dille; appraiser, Parker Pelton ; lister, Paul P. Condit; overseers of the poor, Dennis Cooper, Calvin Dille. 1819. Trustees, J. Shaw, Elihu Richmond, Abijah Crosby ; clerk, Wm. M. Camp; treasurer, Samuel W. Dille; lister, P. P. Condit; overseers of the poor, Sanmel McIIrath, Asa W^eston. 1830. Trustees, John Shaw, Eliliu Richmond, Wm. Case; clerk, Wm. M. C'amp; treasurer. Ales. McIIrath; appraiser, Timothy Doan ; lister, P. P. Condit; overseers of the poor, Robert Young, Timothy Doan. 1881. Trustees, John Shaw, Timothy Doan, John .\ikens; clerk, Wm. M. Camp; treasurer, A. McIIrath; appraiser, Benjamin S. Welch; lister, John Sag,-; overseers of poor, Seth Doan, Wm. Coleman. 1882. Trustees, Ahaz Merchant, Nehemiah Doan, Asa Weston ; clerk, Alvin HoUister; treasurer, Samuel Ruple: appraiser, B. S. Welch; list- er, P. P. C'ondit; overseers of poor, A. McIIrath, S. Ruple. 1823. Trustees, Wm. M. Camp, .\haz Merchant, Ben j. Jones; clerk, Alvin Hollister; treasurer, Samuel Ruple; appraiser, B. S. Welch ; lister, ,Toel Randall; overseers of poor, J. D. Crocker, Wm. Gray. I.sa4. Trustees, .\haz Merchant, John Wilcox, Samuel Rui)le; clerk, Dennis Cooper; treasurer, Timothy D.ian; appraiser, Andrew Race; lister, Joel Randall; overseers of poor, Benj. Jones, Reucl House. 1825. Trustees, John Wilcox, Samuel Ruple. John Shaw; clerk, Den- nis Cooper; treasurer, Timothy Doan; appraiser, B. S. Welch; lister, P. P. Condit; overseers of poor, Peter Rush, Joseph King. 1820. Trustees, John Wilcox, John Shawner, Alvah Darrow, H. Jk-.\rth\ir; clerk, B. H. Fisher; treasurer Erastus R. Harper. 1S16. Trustees. D. D. Towner, Wm. Buskirk, H. McArthur; clerk, B. H. Fisher; treasurer, Erastus R. Harper. 1S47. Trustees, D. D. Towner, Wm. Buskirk, Joseph Cunningham; clerk I. L. Gleeson; t easurer, Erastus R. Harper. 1.SI8. Trustees. Jacob Foltz, Silas A. Hiithaway, .Joseph Cunninf;hani; clerk, I. L. flleesoa; treasurer, E astus R. Harper. 1S49. Trustees. Jacob Foltz, Alfred Fisher, Alvah Darrow ; clerk, L. D. Hathaway ; treasurer, Erastus R. Harper. 1850. Trustees, John Schofleld, Alfred Fisher, Wm. Van Noate; clerk, Benj. Wood; treasurer, Erastus R. Harper. 1851. Trustees, E. R. Harper, .lames Miller, Wm. H. Perry; clerk, I. L. Gleeson; treasurer, John Schofield. 185-3. Trustees. Jacob Foltz. James Miller, I. L. Gleeson; clerk, Benj. Wood; treasurer, John Schofleld. 1S5.3. Trustees Alvah Darrow, Jonathan Frazee, Widiam Green ^d; clerk, Benj. Wood; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1854. Trustees, E. R. Harper, Jonathan Frazee, John Foltz; clerk' J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1855. Trustees, James Miller, E. M. Gleeson, Ezra Brewster; clerk. J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1856. Trustees, James Miller, E. M. Gleeson, Ezra Brewstej-, clerk, •J, K. Brainard; treasurer, I, h. Gleeson. 18.57. Trustees. Watson E. Thompson, John Foltz, Elihu Hollister; clerk. J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1858. Trustees, Watson E. Thompson, John Foltz, Elihu Hollister; clerk, J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L Gleeson. 1859. Trustees, Wm. H. Perry, Wm. Green 2d, Albert Comstock; clerk. J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1S60. Trustees, Wm. H. Perry, Edward Hynton, Albert Comstock; clerk, G. B. Pierce; treasurer. I. L Gleeson. 1861. Trustees, Edward Heinton, Elihu Hollister, Jacob Lotz; clerk, J. K. Urainard treasurer. I. L. Gleescn. 1862. Trustees. Edward Heinton, Seneca Watkius, Milo N. Hathaway ; clerk, Wm. B. Munson; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 186:3. Trustees, Edward Hemton Horace Hungerford, John Froiiicli: clerk, E. R. Harper; treasurer, I. L. Gleason. 18W. Trustees, H. 0. Currier, John Swartz, L. D. Hathaway; clerk, Wm. B. Munson; treasurer, Geo. W. Green. 1865. Trustees, A. Alexander. E. Hollister, Horace Hungerford ; clerk, O. P. McMillan; treasurer, E. R. Harper-. 1866. Trustees, A. Alexander, Edward Heinton, Seneca AVatkins; cleik. O. P. McMillan; treasurer, E. R. Harper. 1.S67. Trustees, William Green, Edward Heinton, Seneca Watkins; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, E. R. Harper. 1868. Trustees, J. Frazee, Edward Heinton, Wm. Buskirk; clerk, C, H. Bushnell; treasurer, E. R. Harper. 1869. Trustees, John B. McMillan, Edward Heinton, George Gabilla; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, John Bender. 1870. Trustees, John B. McJIdlan, Clark Towner, George Gabilla; clerk, C.H. Bu-shnell; treasurer, John Bender. 1,871. Trustees. John B. McMillan, T. F. Gjwday, John Packard; clerk. D. S. Green; treasurer, John Bender. 1872. Trustees, George Cochran, B. D. Schrain, John Packaid: clerk. Frank Brown; treasurer, C. Brown. 187:3. Trustees, E. R. Harper, C. J. Green, Levi Summers; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer., C Brown. 1874. Trustees, Geo. W. Green, Ii. L. Phillips, George Summers; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurei-, C. Hannum. 1875. Trustees, John B. .NicMjllan, F. Litzler, James Watkius; clerk, Wm. B. Munson; treasurer, C. Hannum. 1876. Trustees. John B. McMillan, Ma.i Buhl, John Giles: clerk, C, H. Bushnell; treasure)", C. Hannum. 1S77. Trustees, D. Fullerton. J. A. Hathaway. H. France; clerk, J. B. Waltz; treasurer, George Lambacher. 1878. Trustees, D. Fullerton, T. M Gowday, H. France: clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, George Lambacher. 1S79. Trustees, D. Fullerton, T. M. Gow lay, H. Franca; clerk, D. Gindlesperger; treasurer, George Lambacher. The township owns a good hall, located in the pub- lic square, at the center, ;ind maintains several Hue places of burial. The largest of these — Maple Shade Cemetery — consists of four acres, on the State road, north of the center, and was purchased in September, 1805, of Sebastian Blessing. It contains a fine vault, and has been otherwise imi)roved. Several of the religions denominations tilso maintain small but at- tractive places of sepulture, PUBLIC THOROrtiHFAIiES. Several of the early State roads passed through the township from points farther south to Cleveland, and considerable attention was paid to the improvement of these highways soon after their location. In 1834 Henry Wood, Manly Coburn, John I. Harper, William Moses, Abram Schernierhorn, Zephaniah Hathaway, William Van Noate, Nathaniel Wvatt. and J. M. L, INDEPENDENCE. 463 Brown were appointed road supervisors. The town- sliiji has had to pay a heavy bridge tax to keep in phice tlie stniclures which span the diyalioga. At present thi'sc present a substantial appearance. In 1870 tlie K'vies for roads and bridges were one and dut'-third mills on the vahiation of the townsliij), and tlie su- pervisors were E. H. Koening, Michael Halpin, N. Hiirniaster, Joel Footc, Hugh (Jowdy, George fjam- I>aeher, George Bushnell, .1. Walter, H. Giles, A. Conistoek, T. Frantz, C. Mehling, J. F. Miller. Wil- liam Fidlon, (J. H. Bushnell, and F. Beebe. The Ohio eanal was located through the township in 18"2.5, William H. Price being the resident engineer. Two years later it was opened for travel. It is on the east side of the Cuyahoga, and has in the township a length of about seven miles, with four locks, num- bered from thirty-seven to forty inclusive. On the opposite side of the river, and following a course nearly parallel with the canal, is the line of the Valley Railroad, now being constructed. Work was begun in 1873, but various causes have prevented its completion until the present year, before the end of wliicli it is expected that the last ra'l will be laid. These avenues give or will give the township easy communication with the rest of the W(uld, and the best of sliii)])ing facilities. M A X V FA < Tl' RI XIilo Rudd, George Covert; cleik, W. A. Sliner; treasurer. H. Sorter; assessor, John Aikens. . 1871. Trustees, H. Jacobs, John Law, W. Apthorp; clerk, Wilbur F. Sorte ; treasurer, H. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard. 1872. Trustees, L. Straight, Wm. Neville, Wm. A, Southwick; clerk, W. F. Sorter; treasurer, H. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard. 1873. Trustees, Wm. A. Southwick, L. M. Gates, H. Sorter; clerk, W, F. Sorter: treasurer. J. T. Battles; assessor, W, Brainard. 1874. Trustees, W. A. Southwick, L. M. Gatea, Wm, Neville; clerk, \V. F. Sorter; treasurer, J. T. Battles; assessor, W. Brainard. 1875. Trustees, L. M. Gates, L. Straight Ira Hoffman; clerk, W. F. Sorter; treasurer, H. Sorter; assessor. AV. Brainard. 1870. Trustees, L. M. Gates, A. F. Williams, Ira Hoffman; clerk, W. F. Sorter; treasurer. A, Straight; assessor, W. Brainard. 1877. Trustees, Ira Hoffman, A. F. Williams, A. A. Jerome; clerk, H. W. Russell; treasurer, J. T. Battles; assessor, W. Brainard. 1878. Trustees, Harmon Jacobs, Ira Hoffman, A. A, Jerome; clerk, H. W. Russell; treasurer, L. M. Gates, Jr.; assessor, W. Brainard. 1879. Trustees, A. P. Aikens, A. A. Jerome, Henry Covert; clerk, H. W. Russell; treasurer, A. Granger: assessor, W. Brainard. FREDERICK WILLSON. This well-known citizen of Mh} field was born in the town of Phelps, Ontario county, New York, on the 4th diiy of January, 1807. He was the son of George and Esther Willson, tlie latter of whom is still living with the subject of this sketch, at the age of ninety-two years. He resided in Plielps (most of the time after childiiood being spent in attending school or working on his fatlier's farm) until the year 1830. In July of that year he came to Mayfield, where he has ever since made his home. Tlie young pioneer located him.sclf at the point now- known as Willson's Mills, and soon formed a partner- ship with David McDowell in tlie mercantile and farming business. Meeting with fucccss in the.se oc- CTipations, the firm in 1833 built a gristmill and a sawmill at the point just named. Meanwhile the subject of our sketch had taken an active j)art in military affairs. Having served as pri- vate, non-commisioned officer, lieutenant and captain, ilia regiment of liglit artillery, New York militia, before leaving that State, he was, on the organization of Mayfield as a separate company-district in 1833, elected the first captain of the first company in that township. On the outbreak of the celebrated "Toledo war,'" when it was expected that tietive, and perhajts dangerous, service would be necessary in maintaining the rights of Ohio to. that city and the surrounding territory, Cajitain Willson with his lieutenant and twelve men volunteered to take jiart in the contest. In 1834 he was elected major of the first regiment of infantry, .second brigade, ninth division, Ohio militia; in 1835 was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and in 1836 was chosen colonel. In 1838 Colonel WilL-;on was elected brigadier-general, which jtosition lie re- signed aliout four years afterwards. On (lie (ith day of September, 1830, Gen. Willson was ni;irrieil to Miss Eliza Handersou, of the adjoin- ing town of Orange, a lady who has shared with him the joys and sorrows of life down to the present time. In 1837 Gen. Willson dissolved partnership with Mr. ^IcDowell, taking the mill and farm as his share, ^lilling and farming have been his occupations since that time, and in both he has l)eeii e.Ktrcmely success- ful; being now tlie owner of about nine hundred acres of land. In April, 1840, his mills were de- stroyed, by fire, but were rebuilt with characteristic energy, being set running on the 7th of J;iiiu;iry. 1S41. In 1S7.") tliey were tninsferred to the generars eldest son. Myiou II. Willson, who still owns and operates them. (ieii. Willson became a member of the Masonic order lifty-one years since, before leaving the State of New York. He has passed through all the degrees, from that of entered ai)preiiticc to the Scottish rites, and maintains a high standing among tiic brethren of the order. Though never a politician, yet in 184G his neigh- bors elected him to the office of justice of tlie peace of Mayfield township, and re-elected him in 1849; the whole length of his service being si.K years. General and Mrs. Willson have raised a family of nine children, five sons and four daughters. Two of his sons enlisted early in the war for the Union, and both gave their lives in its defense. George A. Will- son enlisted in the First Infantry in the summer of 1801, at the age of nineteen, and was killed at the battle of Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 18C4. James P. Willson also enlisted in Battery B, First Light Ar- tillery, the same summer, at the age of seventeen, and died in service in June, 1803, having been brought home from Nashville three weeks before his decease. 'dU^^ MIDDLEBURCL 471 CHAPTER LXXVIII. MIDDIiEBURG Its Pn>prietor-Jareil Hickox tlie First Settler— His Death— The Vduglins— Abram Fowls— The First Mai riage— The War— A Fortress in t'ohimbia- Phvsieal Chaacteristies of the Township— Religious Mattel's— Solomon Lovejoy— Township Organization— The First Rec- ord—Road Districts -First Full List of Officers— John Baldwin -Heads ot Families iu ISSr— I'ircumstanres Concerning Them -Counterfeiters in the Swamp— Beginning of the (irindstone Business Invention of Machine to Jloke Grindstones— The First Tavern— First Temperance Society— 11. O. Sheldon and James Gdnith— The Comnuinity- The Twelve Apostles— They Fail at Farming— Break up of the Community —Origin of " Berea"— First Post Offlce -Berea Lyceum- Lyceum Tillage-The Globe Factory— Wolves in 1S4S— The last Killed in IMS- Deer— Turkeys and Wild Cats— Baldwin Institute— The Railroad- Rapid Increase of Berea— An Ox-Railroad— Progress— The Onion Business— The Stone Quarries in Operation— A Grinilstone Factory— Berea Stone Company- Baldwin Quarry Company— Russell & Forche -Empire Stone Company— J. McDermott & Co.— Piincipal Township Otiicers- Methodist Church— German Methodist Church First Con- k'legational Church— St. Mary's Church— St. Thomas' Church— St. I'anl's Church— St. Adelbert's Church— Berea Lodge F. and A. M.— Berea Chapter F. and A. M.— Other Societies— Berea Village Corpora ti'>n— Town Hall— Business Places, etc, — Physicians— Street Railway —Union School— Board of Education First National Bank— Savings and Loan Association. On the division of the western part of tlie Western Reserve in 1807, town.ship luimber si.x in the fourteenth range, now known as iliddlebiirg, fell to tlie share of lion. Gideon Granger, then i)Ostrnaster-genei'al un- der President Jefferson. Tiie first permanent wliite settler in the townsliip was Jtired Hicko.x, grand fatiier of Mrs. Roxana Fowls, who located in 1809 on what i.< now known as the irepburn place, on the Raglcy rotid, tilimit inilf way lietween Berea village and tlu^ old turnpike. We say the first pcrmnnrnf settler, for it is believed by some I hat Abrani Hickox, long a well-known resident of tUevehinil, movod into iliddleburg in response to an offer of fifty acres of land to the first settler, made by .Mr. Granger, and giving his name to the pond known as Lake Abrani. According to the best information we can olittiin from old settlers, however, Mr. Jared Hickox was the one who received the fifty acres, and .Mr. Abrani Hickox never lived in Middlebiirg. He was a relative of Jared Hickox, however, tiud the lat- ter may have named " Lake Abram " after hiin. The next year tifter making his settlement, Mr. .lared Hickox, wiio had alretidy jiassed middle age, was returning from Cleveland to his home, when he died suddenly and alone upon the road — probably of heart disea.se. He left a large family, among whom were his sons Nathaniel, Jared, Eri and Azel. and his daughter, Raciiel Ann, the mother of .Mrs. Fowls, before mentioned. The next settlers were probaiily the Vaughns, who located themselves about 1810 on the banks of Rocky river, near where the village of Herea now stands, 'i'here was an old gentleman and three adult sons, E[)liraim. Richard and Jonathan Vaughn. The lat- ter located where Berea depot now is. In the spring of 1811, Abram Fowls (father of Lewis A. Fowls and Mrs. Roxana Fowls) came through the woods on foot, with his younger brother John, and selected him a homenear where the Hickox ftimily was located. " Near," at this time, meant aiivwhere within two or Ihree miles. At all events young Abram was near enough so that he soon made the intimate acquaintance and gained the favor of Miss Rachel Ann Hickox. Although he had arrived in Middlebiirg with only two dollars and a half in his pocket, he was ready to take the res])onsibilities of a fiiinily on his shoulders, and the two were accordingly married in 1812, this being the first wedding in the township. The 3'oung couple were (juite justified in their self-confidence, too, for before the death of Abram Fowls, which occurred in 1S50. the two dol- lars and a half with which he had arrived in Middle- burg had grown into a handsome fortune, including five hundred acres of htnd and other i)roperty in pro- portion, besides which Mr. and Mrs. Fowls had reared a family of ten children. Meanwhile Jonathan Vaughn init up a sawmill on Rocky river, near the site of the depot, and Ephraim Vaughn erected a log gristmill farther up the stream and near the village. Silas Becket and his son Elias also settled in that vicinity. Those who have been named, with their ftimilies, were nearly or quite all the residents which townshij) number six had before the war of 1812. That war came with most depressing effect upon the few residents of Middleburg, for down to the time of Perry's victory on Lake Erie and Harrison's tri- umph in Canadii, the peojile were in almost daily apprehension of an attack by Indians upon the almost helpless settlers. Soon after Hull's surrender a block- house was erected in Columbia (now in Lorain coun- ty, but then in Cuyahoga), where there was a rather larger population than in Middleburg, and whenever there seemed to be especial danger, all the able-bodied men were called out by Captain Hoadley, of Colum- bia, to defend the little fortress, while the women and childi-en were offered a refuge in the same narrow quarters. Mr. Fowls took his family there for a week, but when he was called out a second time liis wife re- mained at home with only his young brother to jiro- tcct her. All the other inhabitants in the township went to Columbia. The young wife was sadly fright- ened at times, but fortunately no Indians appeared. It was during such times as these that the first white child was born in the township of iliddleburg — Lucy, oldest daughter of Abram and Rachel Ann Fowls, whoso birth took place on the 22d day of M;iy, 1813. Lucy Fowls nntrried Nathan Cardner, and died in 1877. After Perry's victory there was little more fear of Indians, and in the forepartof 1815 thecloscof the war left tlie pathway again open to emigration. Before, however, wo undertake to trace thesubsetpient course of events, we will glance at the natural characteristics of township number six. Like the other townships of the Reserve it was five miles s(|iiare. Entering it near the center of its southern boundary was the east branch of Rocky river, which followed a meandering course northward, receiving the west branch, and passing out into town- ship number seven (nowRockport). The river banks 473 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. plainly showed good reasons for the name which had been given to it; reasons which cropped out on either side along its whole course through the township. Near the river the ground was generally broken, the soil being formed of mingled clay and gravel, and covered with the usual Ohio forest growth of beech, maple, elm, oak, etc. But to the eastward the sur- face soil was nearly level, somewhat wet, and com- posed of a clayey loam; while northeast of the center was a large swamji, densely occupied by hemlock, birches, etc., into which the wolves and panthers re- treated from the constantly increasing improvements of man. Of the pond which very early received the name of Lake Abram, we have spoken before. Its waters found their way, though very slowly, into Kocky river. Though the strong, clay soil of Middleburg, when drained and subdued, has ])roved as valuable as any in the countj', yet at an early day its general dampness and stubbornness, the presence of swamps, and the consequent fear of ague, caused many emigrants to jjress on to the more heaUhful hills of Strongsville or the more manageable lands of Columbia. So that, even after the close of the war in 1815, emigration to Middleburg was still slow. One of the first families to come, after the war, was that of Ei)lnaim Meeker, who settled at the outlet of Lake Abram. Another was that of Thaddeus Lathrop, who came in 1816. His daughter, now Mrs. Susan Tuttle, of Albion, who was then nine years old, can recollect only the Vaughns, the Fowles, the Hickoxes and the Meekers, as being in the township when she went there, though probably there were the Beckets and a few more. The only road from Cleveland was a path designated by marked trees. Down to this time there had tx'cn no organized church or public worship. About ISlC, however, a Metliodist camp meeting near the Cuyahoga river was attended by some Middleburg jieople who returned deeply impressed with the importance of religion. They began holding neighborhood meetings, where the attendants prayed, sang and exhorted among themselves, and at wliich quite a number were con- verted. Then Jacob Ward, a jireacher from Biiins- wick, came and formed a Methodist society; being the first religious organization in the township. Tlie in- terest increased, the society was embraced in a Meth- odist circuit, and meetings were lield every two weeks, generally on week-days, besides pinyer-meetings, etc., on the Sabbath. But is was many years before there was a resident minister and regular preaching on Sunday. Enoch (!. Watrous and Silas (Jardner, with their families, settled in 1817 or '18, on the river, near the Strongsville line. Paul Gardner came somewhat later. Wheeler Wellman came in 1818, settling south of Abram Fowls'. The nest year Mr. Wellman's father- in-law, Solomon Lovejoy, located himself near where his son's tavern now is. Among his children were Edwin, then seventeen, and Ammy, then twelve, the latter of whom now keeps the tavern referred to, and both of whom reside there. They mention the fam- ilies before referred to and there seem to have been very few others in the township. Notwithstanding the scarcity of inhabitants, how- ever, there was a township organization formed as early as 1820. Ephraim Vaughn had been a justice of the peace for several years previous, having been commissioned by the governor, and having presided at the organization of Strongsville in 1818. The only records of Middleburg are very defective; the first one preserved is dated June 29, 1820. It is signed b\ Jared Hickox, township clerk, and notes the reception in May, 1819, of a commission as justice of the jieace by William Vaughn, dated in Februaiy, 1819. It then included not only township six in range fourteen, but also township six in range fifteen, now Olmstead. Another record of the same date (June 22, 1820,) states that Solomon S. Doty had duly qualified as constable for the ensuing year, and had given the necessary bail. In March, 1821, the trustees (names unknown) divided the two survey-townships of which the civil township of Middleburg was composed, into two highway districts each. The present Middleburg was divided so that all east of the highway "running from Strongsville to Rockport," should form one dis- trict, while that road and all west of it should compose the other. The road running from Strongsville to Rockport was evidently the main road running through the present Berea, along the east side of Rocky river. This road and the one which afterward became the turnpike, were all the highways of any consequence in the township, and these were just being cut out so as to be passable. In April, 1823, it was voted to divide the townshij) into school-districts; the record being signed liv Wheeler Wellman, clerk. The first full list of town- ship officers whicli can be found is that of those elected in April, 1823; viz: David Harrington, Abra- ham Fowls and Richard Vaughn, trustees; Wheeler Wellman, township clerk; Jared Hickox and Ephraim Fowls, overseers of the poor; Eli Wellman and Ephraim Fowls, constables; Jared Hickox, lister; Ephraim Vaughn, appraiser; Silas Gardner, treasurer; Solomon Lovejoy, sui)ervisor of first district; Wiiec- ler Wellman, sajjcrvisor of second district: Abram Fowls, Owen Wellman and Silas Bccket, fence viewers. From 1820 to 1827 there was but little immigration, but the number of adults was considerably increased by the growing up of those who came as youths and children, and there were plenty more children to take their places. Immigrants were repelled principally bv the wet soil, and the more pleasantly located settlers in township number five said that if Middleburg was not fastened on to Strongsville it would sink. Since that time a wonderful change has come over the jiros- pects of this "sinking" township. Meanwhile the main road from Cleveland through the eastern part of the township was put in tolerable condition and a line of stages had been put on it. JOHN BALDWIN. Wp present to our rpiidcrs an excellent ]iortrait of Mr. Ualil- win, a representative of the self-made American, and a Christian whose life has been characterized by the consecra- tion of all its eft'orts to the service of God. lie was born in Branford, Conn., Oct. 13, 1790. His s^randfatlier, who was a deacon of the I'rcsbyterian Church and of Puritan descent, was a blacksmith, and worked at the anvil in New Haven, makinc; axes and hoes with the father of Lyman Bceclier. When the war of 1776 broke out he shouldered his gun and in the service won the rank of captain, by which title he was called to the day of his death. John Baldwin's mother was the only daughter of Edward Melay, of New Haven, who before the war of the Revolution was a wealthy merchant, and gave to his daughter as good an cdvication as it was then believed daughters were capable of receiving. Young John's school privileges were of the humblest kind, as neither geography, grammar, nor arithmetic were allowed to be taught in his day. At an early age he began to take care of himself, and thus learned to properly value the fruits of industry. At the age of eighteen he became a member of the Methodist Churcli. By his own unaided efforts he gathered from books the rudiments of an education, attended school later, and then engaged in teaching, first in Fishkill, N. Y., afterwards in .Maryland, and in Litchfield, Conn. After five years so spent, he married in 1828. The next spring he moved to where Berea no\v is, and soon built the first frame hou.se in the place, assisted in the first Sabbath-school, opened the first i)uarry, turned the first grindstone, laid out or helped to lay out the first building lot, and built the first seminary. At first his eflbrts were not successful financially, but the dis- covery of the value of the rock underlying Berea gave to him the means of retrieving his fallen fortunes. Consecrated edu- cation became his battle-cry, and to this object he has devoted himself for years. Mr. Baldwin has been a devoted friend of female educa- tion. He has always owed Yale College a grudge for not giving his mother eipial privileges with his uncles. His theory is that tons and daughters should be trained side by side to pursue the studi(^s and labors that should fit them alike for life's responsibilities, its usefulness, and its honors, and when the Baldwin Institute (since University) was opened it was eligible alike to sons and daughters. To this institu- tion he has given nroperty worth at present one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. His devotion to the cause of educa- tion has extended beyond his own village to embrace wider field" and oth»r races. His heart has become deeply interested in the educational want* of the South, and, with his charac- teristic geiuTOsity, he has become a liberal patron of the Thomson Biblical Institute. His own letter to Dr. Newman, of New Orleans, announcing what he has done, is character- istic: " 1 have bought for twenty thousand dollars the Darby plantation, of seventeen hundred acres (which has since been increased to four thousand acres), in St. Mary's Parish, La. There is a fine site of thirty or forty acres on the bank of the river, containing .some fifteen or twenty buildings, which the brethren of the Mississippi Mission Conference can occupy for religious education as soon as they choose, provided no distinction is made on account of color or sex. When a cor- porate body is organized by said Conference I will deed the above-named site, and secure to said corporation enough capital to make twenty thousand dollars' worth." In personal appearance ilr. Baldwin is plain, in outward adornment, and in earlier times it was to him a matter of keen enjoyment to be mistaken for some unfortunate wan- derer. As is usually the case with persons who give largely, he has been the object of unsparing criticism and abuse, and it would be easy to find those (themselves not to be persuaded to give a dime to any good cause) who stand ready to charge upon hiui meanness unlimited. He will survive all suchattacks. As a business man he is shrewd and fur-seeing, judging wisely when to buy and when to sell ; and, while perfectly honorable in all his dealings, lie must be shrewd indeed who gets any great advantage of him. To the poor and needy he is a kind and generous friend, one who bestows liberally to such cases of necessity as come to his knowledge. He is a great admirer of John Wesley. The sincere single- mindedness, the loffy, patriarchal faifh, the active, self-deny- ing zeal in doing good, and the large-hearted benevolence for which the founder of Methodism was distinguished, has made a deep impression upcm Mr. Baldwin's mind. Like him, he cherishes a deep love of truth, despises glory and fortune, or values them only as they are the means of doing good . He has resolved to make all he can by industry, to save all he can by strict economy, and give all he can in justice to himself and family. In accordance with this principle, he lives under a .solemn vow to devote his all to God. When asked in what manner this is done, he replied, " By a resolu- tion I formed, based on the Bible as explained by Mr. Wesley, I determined to appropriate my entire income, aside from the necessaries of life for myself and family, to the cause of benevolence, a resolution which I have seen no reason to change." This last expression gives us the result of his ex- perience for fifteen or twenty years, in which light it becomes a beautiful illustration of the power of faith and goodness. MIDDLEBURG. 473 In 1827 Mr. John Baldwin, who has long been one of the l)est known citizens of the township, made his lirst entrance into it. lie pnrcluised the old Vaughn farm and in May, 1828, he took posses.'^ion of it. Mrs. Fowls mentions having seen him and his young wife Ml, that time, stepping briskly along, past her fatlicrV resilience; having come as far as they could l)y stage on the main road, whence they w-ere making their way on foot to their new home, four or five miles distant. Mr. Baldwin has given the names of tJie heads of families residing in the township when he came; viz: Silas Gardner, Enoch G. Watrous, Benjamin Coll)y. Silas Becket, Elias Bccket, Ephraim Vaughn, Richard \"aughn, Jonathan Vaughn, Eli Osborn. ZinaOshorn, Gharles Green, Aruna Phelps, Ephraim Meeker, Tracy, Nathan Gardner. Benjamin Tuttle, Abraham Fowls, David Fowls, Ephraim Fowls, Daniel Fair- child. Paul Gardner, Amos (Jardner, Valentine Gard- ner, Abijah Bagley, and himself, John Baldwin — twenty-six, all told. Mr. Baldwin has estimated the total population at a hundred, but there must have been more than that, nnless Middlebnrg families were much smaller than pioneer families generally were. The only roads he considers worth mentioning in 1S27 were the one np and down the river and the one from the corner of Columbia northeast to the old Ijridge on the site of the iron bridge at Berea, and thence easterly to the main road from Cleveland to St.ongsville. A company had just begun making a turni)ike of this last-named road. It was completed the next year, and used as a turnj)ike over thirty years. Tiie other roads are described as being then only mud-paths, partly cleared of timber, in which a sled or a mud-boat would get along Ifetter than a ve- hicle on wheels. Mr. Baldwin, in a manuscript on file in the records of the Historical Society, has also mentioned various circumstances connected with the residents before named. Benjamin Colby, besides cultivating his farm, used to burn lime, whicii was found in small amounts in various parts of the townsiiip. When Mr. Baldwin built his house, fonr years later, he exciianged apples for lime with Colijy, bushel for l)ushel. Silas and Elias Becket owned the farm (af- terward sold to Baldwin) which covered most of tlie innirries on the river. Aruna Pheljjs had a small house and shop a little south of the site of the Berea depot, where he made chairs and turned bed-posts. Abram Fowls, as Mr. Baldwin says, "made money liy attending to his business." Abijah Bagley occu- jiicd the first fifty acres settled by old Jared Hickox, as before mentioned. The Bagley road was named from him. The Vaughns had been obliged to give up tlieir land, but had saved their mills which they were running in 1827. About this time Ephraim X'aughn bought twenty acres covering the ground where the main part of Berea village now stands. This, too, T.-as bouglit in 18.3G by Mr. Baldwin. Eli Osborn had recently put np a small fulling mill on the river near the site of the railroad bridge. He used to dress cloth, survey land, act as justice of the peace, conduct religions meetings and sometimes preach. Benjamin Tuttle had a small shop on Rocky river, near the mouth of the creek at Berea, in which he ground bark, tanned leather and made shoes. He soon sold to Valentine Gardner, who carried on the business successfully many years. Charles Green, who came in about this time, took up a small piece of land, and also acted as jiettifogger before the jus- tices of the day; being in fact the first legal practi- tioner, though in a very humble way, in Middlebnrg township. Daniel Faircliild had a dish-factory on the falls at Berea, and supplied all the peojile around with wooden dishes. The central, northern and northeastern parts of the towiiship were still mostly inhabited by bears, wolves, wild cats, etc., their chief stronghold being the swamp before mentioned. But there was a cer- tain class of men who maintained a successful rivalry with these animals in the occupancy of the swamp. On a small island, or piece of firm gi'ound, in the midst of the morass (as mentioned in the general his- tory) a band of counterfeiters had established a shoij and supplied it with tools, and there for many years they manufactured large quantities of bogus silver, commonly called Podunk money. They do not seem to have been disturbed by the officers of the law, at least for a long time, but they finally abandoned the loca- tion, leaving their factory beliind them, probably for fear of discovery on account of the constantly increas- ing number of inhabitants. Even before Mr. Baldwin's arrival — probably soon after Vaughn's log gristmill was built — his customers from Middlebnrg, Strongsvilie, Brunswick, etc., ob- served that the fiat rocks about four inches thick, which lay in the bottom of tiie river, had all the fpialities of first class grindstones. So they broke off pieces, carried them liome witii their grists, trimmed off the edges as Ijcst they could, ininched a square hole through the centre of each with an old chisel. set np a rude frame and used them for grinding their axes, scythes, etc. It took time to get the edges smooth, but when that was done they had better grindstones than tiiose brought at great ex^jense from Xova Scotia. Soon after Mr. Baldwin occupied the Vaughn place in 1828, he began breaking up the rocks into suitable sizes, trimming and perforating them with malletand chisel, and selling them in the neighboring townships. The business increased, and in the winter of 1832 Mr. Baldwin hired a couple of stone-cnlters to cut grind- stones at the lialves, he furnishing their board and the rough stone, and they contributing their labor. In the spring Mr. Baldwin bought the workmen's share, and soon after sold the whole to a trader from Canada. He shipped them by way of Cleveland; this being the first Berea stone sent to either Cleve- land or Canada. Finding tiie business constantly increasing, Mr. 474 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Baldwin, the next year (1833), set his Yankee wits to work to invent some easier method of cutting the stone than that with mallet and chisel. Taking a piece of whitewood scantling to a lathe in the neighborhood, he shaped it to the right form for a pattern, and then walked with it on his shoulder one moonlight night to Cleveland, where he had a "mandrel " cast according to the whitewood pattern. This mandrel or shaft was taken back to Middleburg, where it was fastened to the end of a water-wheel, which was hung under a sawmill. A square hole was made in an incipient grindstone with a chisel, the stone was placed on the mandrel and fastened with a key, and the wheel set in motion. The end of an iron bar was then held against the edges and sides of the stone, a storm of sparks and a cloud of dust flew forth, and in a few moments a perfect grindstone was turned out. This was the fii-st grindstone ever turned by machinery in this part of the country, and the invention was Mr. Baldwin's own, though possibly something of the kind may have been previously done in distant regions. So far as we can learn, however, this was the first instance anywhere in the world. For several years only a moderate, though steadily increasing, quantity of stones was turned out by the new process, but their fame gradually widened, and the foundation of a far larger business was laid. Of the subsequent development of that business we will speak farther on. In 1833 the first tavern was opened in the township, in the new framed house then built by Solomon Love- Joy, on the turnpike — the same which his sou now employs for the like purpose. Another event of this period was the formation of the first temperance society in the township, and one of the first in nortliern Ohio, in 1832 or 1833. The use of whisky had previously been very prevalent in that region, and it was by no means entirely stopped tliereafter, yet a temperance sentiment was then ini- tiated in the community, which has since, in spite of many adverse influences, done much to restrain the curse of drunkenness. Immigration was still slow, and the north part of the township still remained a wolf-haunted wilderness. Along and near the turnpike, however, there was con- siderable settlement — by Messrs. Pomeroy, Smith, Bassett, Pebles, the Fullers and others, who, with those who had already located in that vicinity, gave that part of the township quite a cultivated ajjpear- ance. Very few came to the west part of the town- ship. Caleb Patterson who came to the vicinity of Berea with his father, Jonathan Patterson, in 1831, at the age of sixteen, describes the country as being almost entirely a wilderness at that period, in which the wolves howled nightly, close to the scattered farms of the settlers. Meanwhile the great paper-money inflation of 1834, 1835 and 1836 caused what was called the " flush times," when all sorts of sjicculative schemes were eagerly entered on by a sanguine public. Possibly this general excitement had something to do with the scheme about to be mentioned, though its salient features were religious and social rather than financial. In the autumn of 1836 Rev. Henry 0. Sheldon, a Methodist minister, and Mr. James Gilruth, came to reside in Middleburg on Rocky river. Mr. Sheldon was the first resident minister in the township. Al- though water power along the river had been utilized to a considerable extent, there was still notliing like a village there; there was no store and no physician in the township, and no hotel except tlie Luvejoy ])lace over on the turnpike. Messrs. Sheldon and Gilrutli were tlie principal agents in establishing a "community" on Rocky river near the site of the depot, the members of which intended to hold their property and transact all their business in common. About twenty families moved in that year (1836), and over a thousand acres of land were purchased of the Grangers. By the death of Hon. Gideon Granger, the ownership of the unsold lands of Middleburg had passed to Francis Granger, the celebrated New York politician (post- master-general under President Harrison), and the other heirs of the deceased. Some houses were bought, others were built, and the "community" speedily began its career; somewhat to the astonish- ment of the staid citizens of Middleburg. Only three resident families joined the association. Although the property of the society was owned in common, vet the residences and families of the members were entirely separate. Their business was directed by a board of twelve, known as the Apostles. They bought and repaired a sawmill and gristmill, put in crops the following spring, and for a brief time it seemed to some as if a new era had begun in modern civilization. Tlie "community" was the more favorably regarded by the people at large as the members manifested none of the scepticism often manifested by social reformers. On the contrary they were zealous in the observance of their religious duties, and for the first time in Middleburg tliere was regular preaching every Sabbath. Nevertheless, the experiment was a very brief one. When it came to the active operations of 1837, it was found that farming under the direction of twelve apostles would not do at all. Difficulties occurred incessantly, much bitterness of feeling was manifested, and in the course of a few months the whole scheme was given up. Most of the families concerned in the experiment moved away, and the "community," which waste inaugurate a new era of Christian co-operation, passed out of existence, leaving scarcely a trace behind. During this season Messrs. Sheldon and Gilruth procured the establishment of a new post office. The former wanted it called Berea; the latter Tabor. So they threw up a half-dollar, (heads, Berea; tails. Tabor), and as Mr. Sheldon won, the first post office in the township received the name of Berea, which has since been extended not only to a thriving village MIDDr.Klil'ltd. 47r> but to the "Berea stone," the fame of wliich lias spread over lialf tlie continent. Mr. Slicldon was the first j)ostniastt'r. After .the failure (tf the "coiuniunity," Messrs. Sheldon and (iilruth remained and established a high school, which tiiey called "Jierca Lyceum.'' In con- nection therewith a village was laid out which was originally called "Lyceum Village." It retained that name, at least on the i)lats (one of which is now in possession of Mr. Patterson) as late as 1841. There was a Lyceu!n Village stock company, in llie name of which the enterprise was carried on, and which gave deeds of the lots. As, however, the post oftice was named Berea, which was a much more con- venient desigmition tinni Lyceum Village, tiie former appellation gained ground on the latter, and was gen- erally adopted by tlie people of the township as the name of the village. Alfred llolbrook was invited by ilr. Sheldon to take charge of the lyceum, and conducted it several years. It went down, however, l)efore 1845. A somewiial pcculiai' institution — to be established almost ill I lie woods — was the "globe-factory" of Josiah Ilollirook. In it was manufactured all kinds of school ajiparatus, such as globes, cubes, cabinets for specimens, etc. Mr. llolbrook built up a large busi- ness, and at one time employed ten or twelve men. The factory remained until 1S.">3. Turning to other quarters, we (ind that while "communities," lyceums, etc., attracted attention on the l)anks of Kocky river, there was still a flourishing community of wild cats, and a nightly lyceum of wolves, in the northern part of the township. As late as 1838, \[rs. Fowls mentions being awakened by the awful bleating of a pet calf only a short dis- tance from the house. Her father went out and fired ills giin. when the bleating ceased. A lantern being lighted, the calf was found badly mangled by wolves, which had audaciously ventured into the immediate vicinity of a house in search of prey. It was aljout the same time that the last bear was killed in the township, according to Mr. 8. A. Fowls, llu^ slayer being a man nameil Doty, who lived on the turnpike. Wolves were occasionally seen still later, and in 1S4'2 three large timber-wolves came into the .Middleliurg swamp from the west. They remained there and in the adjoining woods a year and a half, defying all attempts to destroy them, and killing many sheep for the neighboring farmers. At length, in 184:5, young Lewis Fowls and Jerome IJaymond undertook in earnest the job of capturing them. The State and county together were then giving ten dollars for each wolf-scalp. The farmers also sub- scribed some twenty dollars more to encourage the destruction of these particular enemies. Fowls and Kiymond penetrated into tlie accustomed haunts of the marauders, baited steel traps with tempting mor- sels of sheej) and cow, and after various attempts, suc- ceeding in catching all three of them alive. They were promptly despatched, to the great joy of the neighborhood. These were the last wolves in the township, so far as known. Deer, however, were frequently seen iinfil after the railroad was built, when they sjieedily disappeared. Wild turkies were also numerous and of great size. Young Fowls killed eighteen in one winter, weighing from fifteen to twenty pounds each. Wild cats were also numerous and " ugly," but the last one was killed in a small swamp on the Bagley road, about 1845 or a little later. Meanwhile, notwithstanding the various enterprises which have already been mentioned, from lyceums to grindstone factories there were but twelve families in Berea in 1845, and half of these, as Mr. Baldwin says, were talking about moving away. Dr. Henry Parker also says that there were then but about a dozen houses in the village. The village store was then owned by Mr. Case. Holbrook's school apparatus fac- tory was in ojieration, and two small woolen factories had also been established; one by James and Augustus Northrop and one by John Baldwin. At this time, the Berea lyceum having gone down, Mr. Baldwin who had been fortunate in his business operations, determined to establish, if possible, the cause of hio-h and thorough education at Berea on a solid basis. There was then an institution under the auspices of the North Ohio Conference of the Methodist Church, at Norwalk, Huron county, which was painfully maintaining a feeble existence. Mr. Bald- win, as early as September, 1849, proposed that that establishment, at least so far as the patron- age of the church Avas concerned, should be trans- ferred to Berea, and offered to give fifty acres of land, including most of the grindstone (juarries and an abundant water-power, for the support of the insti- tution. The offer was accejited, and a brick build- ing, thirty-si.\ feet by seventy-two, was erected on the west, or rather southwest side of the river, duriii"- the summer of 1845. In June of that year Mr. Baldwin madea further gift of fifty lots, of a quarter acre each, with the ropiisite streets and alleys, for the benefit of the institution. A charter was ob- tained in December, 1845, the school being called the Baldwin Institute. It was opened on the 9tli of April, 1846, with the Reverend H. Dwight, A. M., as principal, and having just a hundred students, sixty-one males and thirty-nine females. The school soon became a decided success, and ]ieo- ]^\c began to settle in Berea, in order to obtain the advantages of it. The cliange was not very great, iiowever, for several years more. The surface devoted to farming was steadily but .slowly increased, as peo- ple began to learn that there was a good basis to the damp-looking soil of Middleburg, and that when properly treated it could be relied on to produce good crops. It was not until 1848. nearly forty years after the first settlement of the township, that a phvsician deemed it worth while to locate there. This was Dr. Alexander ^McBride, who began a practice at Berea 47G THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. in the year named and remained until his death, in 1876. At length, in 1849, the Cleveland, Columbns and Cincinnati Railroad (which now has another city at- tached to its top-heavy title) was built through the township. After this there was a marked improve- ment, both in Berea village and the rest of Middle- burg. Even the deer took warning from the shriek of the locomotive and the too numrioiis rifles of the settlers, and abandoned the ground they had so long maintained. Mr. L. A. Fowls, whose skill as a hunter canses him to be frequently mentioned in our sketch, says that he killed five deer the year after the construction of the railroad, which were the last that were heard of in tlie township. Since 1849 the increase of Berea has been rapid and permanent, and the township outside has also greatly improved. Soon after that time Mr. Baldwin built a I'ailroad, on which to freight stone from his quarry, running along the main road from Berea to the rail- road about a mile distant, using the old-fashioned flat rail, over which he hauled cars loaded with stone by means of ox-teams. As business increased, and the track became crowded with cars, " pony'' engines were employed in place of oxen. Mr. Baldwin main- tained the road about ten years, when the railroad company built a new track, nearer the river, on which steam alone is used. Meanwhile the Berea grindstones had been intro- duced into New York City, and had been found equal or superior to those previously imported at great ex- pense. Meanwhile, too, Berea stone had begun to be largely employed for building purposes. As early as 1S46 David E. Stearns had begun running a saw with which the huge blocks of stone could be cut into slabs of convenient size for use in architecture. The building stone business, like the grindstone business, increased immensely, and now Berea stone is used in enormous quantities in nearly all parts of the United States, not ouly for solid walls, but for cornices, mouldings and similar architectural purposes. Some of the facts regarding this important business are given farther on. The situation and extent of the great mass of rock, of which the Berea stone is an outcrop, as well as the constituents of which it is formed, are shown in the chai)tfr of the general his- tory devoted to geology. By the side of these material interests, the higher mental and moral welfare of the community was not neglected. In 1855 Baldwin Institute was transferred into Baldwin University, of which a full account is given on page two hundred and two in the general history of the county. At a later day the German Wallace College was established, which is described in the same chapter as the university. The temper- ance sentiment, which, as before stated, had been awakened as early as 1832, continued to incicase, and even the presence of a large number of miners, work- ing in tlie quarries, has failed to overcome it. A clause has been put in most of the original deeds of lots in Berea, forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquors upon them, and very few if any places for the sale of such liquors have ever been allowed in the vil- lage. Undoubtedly considerable liquor has been sold and drank in underhanded ways, but it is believed that Berea will compare favorably in this respect with any other village of its size in the State. In the township at large the signs of material im- provement were everywhere seen. The log houses of the pioneers, many of which remained to a later date than in any other township in the county, gave jilace to neat framed buildings; the wet lands were drained, and ample crops rewarded the enterprise of the farmers. When the life of the nation was assailed the sons of Middleburg showed that material prosperity had not demoralized their courage nor benumbed their vigor. The names of the Middleburg soldiers will be found with the sketches of the regiments in whicli they served. Since the war the progress of the township has been equally marked, although of course the financial crisis of 1873 seriously decreased the demand for Berea stone. A peculiar industry of the last few years has been the raising of onions and other vegetables in the vicinity of Lake Abram. The "muck," of which the shores of that lake are composed, was found to be esiiecially adapted to this kind of culture, and large tracts were thus employed. In 1876 the outlet was enlarged and a portion of the lake was drained, the ground thus obtained having since been devoted prin- cipally to the culture of onions. Immense quantities are raised; being shipped to Cleveland and numerous other cities of Ohio, and to the principal places along the lower Mississippi, including many large shipments to New Orleans. Of the ''Bed Wethersfield" onions eight hundred bushels per acre are sometimes produced. Before giving the separate sketches of churches, etc., with which our township histories usually close, we turn once more to the quarries and stone mills at Berea. Notwithstanding the financial depression of the last few years (from which, however, this indus- try, with others, is already recovering) there are few more lively scenes to be observed than that which en- livens the banks of Rocky river. Hundreds of laborers are at work, removing the earth and shale from above the sandstone, "trenching," or cutting a face against which to work, and "capping," which is channeling into the rock with jiicks. AVhen the stone is thus cut into blocks weighing from one ton upwards, these are seized by mighty steam derricks, whicli lift their spectral arms amid the muddy desolation around, and are swung gently to a stone-mill or to a truck on one of the little railroads which wind in and out beside the river. Blocks of near a thousand tons have been moved a short distance by wedges. In the mill the block is placed on a frame when it is sliced up by a gang of saws very much as a big pine log is managed in a sawmill, though somewhat more slowly. But the "saws" are not like any others — being merely straiglit, thin pieces of steel, witiiout teeth which work their wav through the The gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch is descended from one of the old New England families. His grandfather, Bi'njamin, was a resident of Connecticut; was born May 26, 1755, and was married June 27, 1778, his wife having been born Sept. 9, 1765. They lived to a good old age, the former dying Feb. 22, 1823, the latter April 19, 1841. Henry Parker's father, Henrj', was born at WulUngford, Conn., June 4, 1792, where he remained till 1815, when he emigrated West and settled in the town of Brunswick, Medina Co., Ohio. During the trip from Connecticut, which was accomplished by teams across the country, he became acquainted with his future wife. Miss Melinda Harvey, and on March IG of the following year they were married, being the first white couple to wed in the town of Brunswick. She was born in Tyringham, Mass., April 9, 179G. Their family consisted of four children, the subject of our sketch being the youngest child and only son. He was born in Brunswick, April 28, 1824. His father, who was engaged in agricultural pursuits, died when Henry was only two years old. Some years after his mother was married to Abraham Conj'ne, of Strongs- villc, Cuyahoga Co., a miller by trade, and removed her family to that point in 1830. Dr. Parker's early life was passed in assisting his stepfather in his grist- and saw-mill, and he had therefore a poor oppor- tunity of receiving an education, which was limited to what could be procured at the common schools in the district. He remained in Slrongsvillo till 1844, when ho journeyed West and located at Laporte, Ind., where he followed the trade of painting. He remained there till the following year, when he removed to Bcrea, Ohio, and was employed in a woolen-mill at seven dollars and board per month. In 1846 he commenced the study of medicine, and was graduated from the American Medical College at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854. He has always practiced at Berea, but his business has e.vtended into the five adjoining towns. He has been since 1871 a member of the Ohio State Eclectic Medical Association, and is the present president of that organization. In 1872 he became a member of the National Eclectic Association. He was married, Nov. 23, 1847, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sullivan and Aurilla Sherwood, of Royalston, Cuyahoga Co. Her parents were among the early settlers of that town, her father having driven the first ox-team into the township, where she was born Aug. 18, 1824. By this union he had four children, one of whom died in infancy ; the others are as follows : Henry E., born Nov. 20, lf<51, married, and a partner with his father in the practice of medicine; James M., born Oct. 13, 18.53, at Attica, Seneca Co., Ohio; and Charles W., born Aug. 2G, 18G0, secretary and treasurer of the Berea Savings Loan Association, of which institution Dr. Parker was one of the original founders and incorporators, and of which he has been the president since its organization. A Kepublican in politics. Dr. Parker was formerly a Free-Soiler, and between 1840 and 1843 was instrumental in helping many a runaway to Canada. He has never been an aspirant for political honors, but has represented his fellow-citizens at difl'erent times in the various village and township offices, and has performed his duties with satisfaction to his constitu- ency. During the year 18G2, while the war of the Rebellion was in progress, he was appointed by Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Cleveland (who was general manager of the Western Sanitary Commission), and received a commission from Edwin M. Stanton, secretary of war, and Surg.-Gcn. Hammond to perform the duties of camp and hospital inspector. In this capacity he served two years and a half, giving satisfaction to the general government and his fellow-soldiers. While in the service he was located in Western Virginia; was with the army of the Cumberland, and with the 14th Army Corps, under Gen. Sherman. Dr. Parker, in allowing his portrait and biography to appear in this work, is simply showing to coining generations an example of what industry, energy, and perseverance can accomplish. He is emphatically a self- made man, and in his varied career as a citizen, neighbor, or physician merits the respect and honor of all. AIIIiI>LEBrK9. Clerk, Philemon Baldwin; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Jonathan Pearse. Moses Jewett, Spencer Warner. 1K,'H>. Clerk. Philemon BaKLvin: treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, John Brooks, Noble Bates, Stephen Titus. 18:11. clerk, Jason Hubbell: treasurer, Gideon Tupper; Irustees, Jehial Saxton, A. S. Chapman, C. Hamilton. 18W. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Chester Hamilton, A. S. Chapman. Jas. Kingsbury. 18.'i;j. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tu|)per; trustees. Gains Burk, Moses Jewett, A. S. Chapman. 18;M. Clerk, Jason Hubbell: treasurer. Gideon Tupper; trustees, Moses .Jewett. Samuel Brooks. Jehial Saxton. WB. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, A. C. Chnpmin; trustees, Moses Jewett, Philo S. Ruggles, .-V. H. Brainard. Win. Clerk, Anson A. Miles: treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, A. H. Brainard, Aaron Shepard, Asahel Palmiter. ls:i7. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, Aaron Shepard, Asahel Palmiter, A. S. Chapman. 1S:J,8. Clerk, Jason Hubbell: treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles: trustees, A. S. Chapman, .\. B. Haight, Jabez Gallup. 18.'!!). Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, A. B. Haight, Stephen Titus. Aaron Shepard. ISIO. Clerk, Thi)S. M. Bayard: treasurer. P. S. Ruggles; trustees, A. H Brainard, Wilentau White, Stephen Titus. 1811. Clerk. Justus Handltnn; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, A. H. Brainard. Y. L. Morgan, Jr.. G. Bradford. 1842. Clerk, Justus Hamilton: trea.surer, L. Morgan, George Rathbone, .1. Hopkinson. 1841. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, P. f Hopkinson, Nehemiah Marks, G. S. Rathbone. 18U. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer. Spencer Warner; trustees, N. Marks, G. S. Rathbone, John Hopkinson. ims. Clerk, E. O. Simmons; treasurer, Spencer Warner; trustees, B. I. Wiggles. Eben Miles, F. A. Andrews. 18|(i. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, Henry Marble; trustees, B. L. Wiggins, Thomas Garfield, Alonzo Carter. If4". Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, Heiuy Marble: trustees, Thomas Oarfleld, E. Rathbone, J. S. Ruggles. 1848. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, A. W. Gaylord; trustees, Thomas Garfleld, J. S. Ruggles, Elias Shepard. 184ii. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, A. W. Gaylord: trustees, I. G. Ruggles, Elias Shepard, I. W. Kingsbury. IKSO. Clerk, Ilarvey Burke; treasurer, C. P. Jewett: trustee.s. E. G. Simmons, Wm. Kelley, James T. Worley. 1851. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, N. T. Meech, J. N. Cannell, Thomas Garfleld. 1852. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Elias Shepard; trustees, Thos. Garfleld, N. T. Jleech, C. P. Jewett. ISia. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Elias Shepard: ti-ustees, Thos. Garfleld, Sam'l SU-wart, B. L. Wiggins. 18M. Clerk, H. S. Pratt: treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees, A. H. Brainard, Henry Marble, B. L. Wiggins. 1855. Clerk, Alex. Topp ng; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees B. L. Wiggins, I. Brayton. C. P. Jewett. 185C. Clerk, Alex. Topping: treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees, B. L. Wiggins, R. Edwards, F. A. Andrews. li«7. Clerk, A. B. Ruggles; treasurer. H. Burgbardt: trustees, B. L. Wiggins, F. A. Andrews, Alex. Topping. '. S. Ruggles ; trustees, Y. Ruggles: trustees, John 1858. Clerk, E. W. Greenwood; treasurer, H. W. Burghardt; trustees, D. L. Wiggins, Jos. Turney. A. P. Leland. 18"fl. Clerk, A. J. Hamiltim; treasurer, Moses Fish; trustees, Jos. Turney, A. A. Jewett, Richard Rodway. 18*50. Clerk, A. J. Hamilton; treasurer, Closes Fish; trustees. A. A. Jewett, Clark Caley, F. A. Andjiis. 18(11. Clerk, J. H. Shepard; trea-surer, C. P. Jewett: trustees, A. W. Morgan, Thos. Oarfleld, Jabe/. Lovett. 18fi2. Clerk, J. H. Shepard; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, Thos. Garfleld, Moses Fish, P. Potts. imi'i. Clerk, J. G. Ruggles; treasurer, E. T. Hamilton; trustees, G. R. Bowman, Thos. Caine, John Hopkinson. 1864. Clerk, J. A.Dyer; treasurer. E. G. Hamilton: trustees, J. D. Runnels, Wm. Jones, C. P. Jewett. 1865. Clerk, R. M. Choate; treasurer, D. J. Wilder; trustees, C. P. Jewett, J. D. Runnels, Elias Shepard. 1806. Clerk. R. M. Choate; treasurer, N. B. Wiggins; trustees, C. P. Jewett. Moses Fish, Frank Andrews. 1867. Clerk, Jl. R. Hughes: treasurer, H. C. Ruggles; trustees, Moses Fish, C. P. Jewett, H. Carter. 1868. Clerk. M. R. Hughes; treasurer, H. C. Ruggles; trustees, Elias Shepard, Henry Cartel-, Thos. Garfield. 1869. Clerk. M. R. Hughes; treasurer, M. M. Jones; trustees, Elias Shepard, .James Walker, Henry Williams. 1870. Clerk, Wm. H. Cain; treasurer, M. M. .Jones; trustees, James Walker. Henry Carter, Moses Fish. 1871. Clerk, Wm. H. Cain; treasurer, A. J. Hamilton; trustees, James Walker, Henry Carter, Joseph Turney. 1872. Clerk, J. Grays; treasurer, Henry Shanks; trustees, Jos. Tur- ney, Mose-? Fish, Edmund James. 1873. Clerk, George Ruggles; treasurer, Henry Shanks; trustees, C. P. Jewett, Wm. E. Edwards, Cornelius Boyle. 1874. Clerk, Chas. Evarts; treasurer, James Walker; trustees, C. P. Jewett, A. L. Radway, Jacob Flick. 1875. Clerk, James Walker; treasurer, James Walker; trustees, t,'. P. Jewett, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway. 187G and 1877. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, EH W. Carrell, Jacob FUck, A. L. Radway. 1878. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway, Richard Woodly. 187!). Clerk and treasurer. James Walker; trustees, A. L. Radway, Richard Woodly and E. W. Cannell. SCHOOLS. Newbiirg has now five school districts — two hiiviiio; been added during 1870. At the hist report, .Septem- ber 1, 187'.*, for three scliool districts, the value of scliool property was set down at %>! 0,000. Tiic amount paid teachers for the year was §735, and the bahuice of cash in the scliool fund was §1,400. The number of children of school age was about two hundred, of whom one hundred and ten were enrolled in tlie schools; tiie average attendance being .sixty-six. The great discrepancy between the enumeration and en- rollment is exi)lained by the statement that many of the children in the township attend a Catholic school in the eighteentli ward of Cleveland. Two fine brick school-houses, expected to cost $1,600 each, arc now beiug erected in the two recently created dis- tricts. The five districts arc located as follows: Xo. 1, ill the northeast; No. 2, on Miles avenue; No. 3, on the Bedford road; No. 4, near tlie California pow- der works, and No. .5, on Union street. Tlie mem- bers of the board of education are Boardman Pearse, 0. W. Quiggiu, John E. Edwards, John B. Collett and .Taftib f'r;inier. .MANITACTURES. The manufacturing industries, although few in number, are of considcralile importance. THE Al.STIX POWDER COMPANY, (an outgrowth of the firm of Austin & Sons, which was founded iu Ohio in 1833), was incorporated in 484 THE TOWNSIIirS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1868, with a capital of 1300,000, for the purpose of manufaeturing all kinds of powder. The works are located near Avhat is called five-mile-lock. Here the comjianj' owns one hundred and thirty acres of land, upon which are the mills, tenement houses, etc. Thirty men are employed, and about four hundred kegs of powder are produced daily; the product in- cluding blasting, mining, shijiping, cannon, meal, and several grades of sporting powder. Mr. L. Aus- tin, who was the secretary of the company until 1873, has been its president since that time. THE CALIFORNIA POWDER COMPANY, an association incorporated by the State of California, has branch factories in various parts of tlie country, and among them one in Xewburg. This branch was established in 1877, for the purpose of manufacturing dynamite, or Hercules powder, for blasting. The business at tliese works aggregates $300,000 annually. Forty men are employed, being under the direction of William Willson, the superintendent. The mills are located near the line of the Oiiio canal, in a deep ravine upon an extensive farm owned by the company, and comprise about a dozen differ- ent structures. THE NEWBIRG FERTILIZER COMPANY, composed of J. B. Peck, J. H. Breck, Ji-., and K. S. Peck have a large establishment near the river devoted to the manufacture of bone-dust, superphospliate of lime and^neatsfoot oil. The company was establisJied about three years ago, as the successor of Davidson & Palmer. CHAPTER LXX X. OLMSTEAD. The First Improvemeut— James Geer— Elijah and D. J. Stearns— A Large Purchase— D. J, Stearns Becomes a Pioneer— Celebrating the Fourth— Daniel Runnel- Olnistf ad Called Kingston— Three Lonesome Y'eai-s— High Price for Wheat— First Marriage— First Birth— First Death— Amos Briggs— Mrs. Scales and the Wild Animals— Major Hoadley— His Girls Raise a House— Remark- able Death of John Hanley— Settlers After 1819— First Gristmill —First Religious Organizations— Indian Sugar Bush— Organiza- tion of Lenox— Division of Lenox— Reorganization— First OlHcers Afterward— A Big "Black Squirrel"— Lenox Changes to Olmstead— The Seven Fitches— Mr. Ba nura's House— Kilpatrick's Mill— First Tavern — The Union Meeting-house — A Lyceum on Butternut Ridge— General Iniprovement^The Railroads— Olmstead Falls and Lake View— The War— Stone Quarries— The Universalist Church— Wesleyan Methodist Church— Methodist Episcopal Church— Congre. gational Cluuch on the Ridge— St. Mary's Church— Congregational Church at the Falls— Union School— Lyceum, etc., iu District Number One--01mstead Falls Village— Principal Township Officers. Township six and range fifteen, now known as Olmstead, saw the first improvement made while war was still raging along the not distant frontier. In the year 1814 James Geer, then a resident of Colum- bia, which is now iu Lorain county, but was at that time in Cuyahoga, cut out the underbrush and girdled the trees on a small piece of land in the southwest corner of the township, on what has since been known as the Browning farm. This he planted to corn the same year, and raised such a crop as he could among the trees. The ne-xt spring, after the declaration of peace, Mr. Geer put up a small log house at the place first mentioned, and moved thither with his family, be- coming the first permanent resident of the present township of Olmstead. His son, Calvin Geer, was then a boy of seven, and is now the earliest surviving resident of the township. Wild beasts swarmed all around, and often appeared in the edge of the little clearing. One of young Calvin's oldest recollec- tions is regarding the slaughter by his father of a bear which showed himself one Sunday evening, soon after their arrival, on the bank of Rocky river, not far from their cabin. Mr. Geer's first shot broke the animal's back, but such was his size and vitality tluit it took three more balls to kill him. The same year, 1815, Elijah Stearns and his son, David Johnson Stearns, came to Kingston, as Olm- stead was then called, to select land for future settle- ment. The senior Mr. Stearns had a large family of boys, and was desirous to obtain an extensive tract of land for their use. He selected and purchased a thousand and two acres on Butternut Ridge, in the northwest part of the township, at two dollars per acre. Of this it was arranged thatD. J. Stearns was to have a hundred and fifty acres. The latter was then an active, enterjn'ising young man of twenty-one, with a constitution remarkably well fitted to bear the hard- ships of frontier life, as is shown by the fact that after passing through the whole pioneer period of Olmstead's existence, and after residing sixty-three years in the township, he still survives, at the age of eighty-five, in a condition of remarkable i)hysical vigor, and of undiminished mental power. It was expected that the proprietors would send a surveyor to lay out the land, and D. J. Stearns waited awhile for his arrival, in the meantime clear- ing off a small piece of land near the present resi- dence of Buel Stearns. He then returned to Ver- mont. In 181G, having perfected the purchase of his land, he came back to Kingston to reside upon it. He was accompanied by his brother Alva, and by Asa Knapji, but they only remained long enough to help him \nit up a log house and make a beginning in the woods. Mr. Stearns still preserves a note of three hundred and thirty-four dollars, one of four given by the Stearns' for land, to the trustees of the estate of Aaron Olmstead,- who had been in his lifetime the proprietor of the township. Young Stearns had a sub-agency under Judge Kirtland, the agent of the proprietors, to sell their land. He, liowever,had sold only two lots when the owners stopjied the sale. The Fourth of July, 1810, was celebrated by Mr. Stearns, assisted by Mr. Gear, in clearing out the "ridge road" from Rocky river, along Butternut ridge, toward tlie home of the former. They worked from sunrise till sunset, cutting out the saplings so as to make a pass- able jiathway, for a distance of two miles. OLMSTEAD. 485 That same spring Daniel Bunnel moved from Co- linnbia to tlie nortlieast corner of Olmstead, and built a rough plank house, becoming the third resident of the township. As we have said, the township was tlion called Kingston, but this name had no legal validity; it was merely applied at tlie fancy of the proprietors to survey-township number six. Many siicli names were given on the Western Reserve, some of which were retained, while others were changed. Owing to the stoppage of the sale of land by the proprietors, young Stearus remained almost alone in that, part of the township until 1819, keeping bach- elor's hall the whole time. In 1817 he was obliged to pay three dollars a bushel for wheat, whicli he bought near Black River. Having other business to attend to, he gave half of it to another man to take to mill. The latter went with a yoke of oxen, and, lindiug the nearer mill closed for want of water, he was obliged to go to CJuigrin river to get the wheat grouud. It took him a week to go and return. Salt at the same time w-as twenty dollars a barrel. The first wedding iu the township was that of JIarvey Hartson and Eunice Parker, which took place at the residence of James Geer, in thesjiringof 1817. llartson located himself near Geer. The same spring, and at the same house, occurred the first birth, that of Mr. Geer's daughter, Julia. Tlie child died when two years old, this being the first death in the township. In 1817 Amos Briggs settled on the west part of Butternut Ridge, ou what has since been known as I lie Ilobb farm. In 1818 Isaac Scales built a house and brought his family to live on the east end of the ridge, near Rocky river. He and his wife lived there without neighbors about a j'ear. As he was obliged to go to Columbia to work most of the time, Mrs. Scales had a most lonesome experience. Often she had to get up in tlie night, with a broom, to drive tlie wildcats out of the loft of her house. One day she saw a bear hugging the dog to death in tlic front yard. Slie took down the old musket from over the firujilacc, but finally concluded that it would be more thmgerous than tlic liear. Tiie latter left the dog ap- ]iarently dead, and waddled olT into tlie woods. Poor Tray, however, recovered from the effects of his ex- tremely bad comjiany, but in a very dilapidated con- dition. Add to such events as these the frequent aji- pcarance of wandering Indians, and it must be admit- ted tiiat there was enough to try a woiiiairs nerves most severely. In Fel)ruary, 1819, Mr. Stearns was married to I'olly Barnum; this being, we believe, the second wedding in the township. A little later in the same spring .Major Samuel lloadley settled near Scales's place, at the east end of I'.iitternut ridge. He and his family at first occupied a log iioiise, but immediately began the erection of a framed one. After the frame was completed, ready to raise, one day late in the summer Major lloadley and his wife went away for tlie day, leaving at home his daughters, .Maria and iuinice, the carpenter, James Miles, and a man named Eliot Smith. During the day Mrs. Scales also came over to visit them. The t\vo girls, both enterprising, wide-awake young women, determined that tliey would surprise their jiarents by raising the new house while they were gone. It was not a very large one, tlie timbers were light, the carpenter offered to help and to see that the work was done properly, young Smith was very ready to give his best assistance, and Mrs. Scales proffered a pair of arms not at all to be despised. So at it they went. Under Mr. Miles's direction they all took hold, carried the timbers to their pro- l)er position, fitted the sills into place, and matched the bents together. Then with hands and pike-poles the three women and two men started a bent upward, and to the cheery "heave-ho!" of the carpenter steadily raised it to its place. The other work cpiickly followed, and when Major and Mrs. lloadley returned at nightfall, their eyes were greeted with the sight of a frame completely erected and ready for the clapboards, while, to their astonished iiKpiiries, two demure young ladies answered (piietly, "Oh, we did it;" as if raising houses vcas the commonest thing in the world for them to do. The next spring Maria Hoadley, one of the heroines of this adventure, was married to John vVdams, a lunvly arrived young pioneer. They settled near bv, have ever since resided in the township, and now live at West View. Eunice Hoadley afterward became Mrs. John Barnum. The second death, and first serious accident in the township, occurred in the autumn of 1819, iu a verv peculiar manner. Mr. D. J. Stearns had a boy of Irish parentage, named John Hanley, about fifteen years old, living with him, whose parents resided in Ridgeville, now Lorain county. One day the boy ob- tained permission to visit his home, promising to re- turn in time to do the chores at night. The night set in dark, and the boy did not ajipeai'. His wife being ab- sent Mr. Stearns was in his house alone. Late in the night he heard an agonized voice sliriekine- •■Ohl dearl Oiil dear!" at some distance from the house. I'or a moment it ceased, and then it was heard again nearer than before. Mr. Stearns stepped out of the door, where he was suddenly grasped by a man who Hung his arms around him in a slate of frantic excitement, crying out at the same time: "Oh ! my boy is kilt ! my boy is kilt ! my boy is kilt ! " As soon as ^Ir. Stearns could recover from his astonishment, and get the man to the light, he found that his visitor was Jlr. Hanley, the fatlier of John. It was witii great dilliculty that he could (piiet the frantic Irishman so as to obtain even tlie slightest idea of what was the matter. At length, however, he succeeiled in learning from the broken ejaculations of the distracted father, mingled with sobs and groans, and cries of anguish, that Uanley and his son had been coon-hunting, and that a large tree had fallen ujjon liis boy and probably crushed him to deatli, a mile or two out in tiie woods, to the northeast. 486 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Knowing tluit lie could do nothing wi*ihout assist- ance, Mr. Stearns made Hanley promise to remain at tlie house until lie could obtain aid. His nearest neighbor, Amos Briggs, was absent, and there were no otliers nearer than a mile and a half. He accord- ingly went to Mr. Briggs's stable, and took his horse to go for help. Ere he conld mount, liowever, Hanley came rushing up, and again flung his arms about the young man, crying out that his " boy was l and '73, J. E. Carroll; in 1874, '75 and '76, J. Nettleton; in 1877, William Snell; in 1878, William Moody. 62 Tiie stewards are II. Walkden, Joseph Reed and J. Case; the clerk and treasurer, 0. P. Smith; the trus- tees, R. Bronson, T. Price, J. Adams, A. J. Pickard and B. Ruple. Since 1865 the church has been a part of Rocky River circuit (previously of Strongsvillc), which is composed of West View and North Olmstead churches. NORTH OLMSIEAD CHURCH (WESLEYAN METHOUISt). The church edifice belonging to this society is situ- ated in the extreme northeast corner of the township of Olmstead, but its congregation comes jirincipally from Rockport and Dover. Its ministers since 1865 have been the same as those above given as officiating at West View. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (OI.MSTEAD FAI.Es). There had been early preaching l)y the Methodists in Olmstead, but no society was regularly organized until 1843. From that time forward services were j)unctually held, and in 1851 the present framed church building was erected at Olmstead Falls. The latter i)reachei's, who are all whose names we can ob- tain, have been Uriah Richards, in 1872, '73 and '74; Banias Ushower, in 1875 and '76; James Burleson, in 1878. The trustees are Lester Bradford, Charles ^JTonks, Chauncey Fitch, William Butlin, Asahel Osboru. The stewards ai'e the same, with the addition of David Wright and Freeman Bradford. The church is now a part of Olmstead and Columbia circuit. COXGREGATIOXAL CHUKCH (ON BUTTERNUT RIDGE). The clmrch edifice occupied by this society was originally built for the use of the Metiiodists over thirty years ago. In the course of time, however, most of the members of that denomination in that vicinity died or moved away, and in 1872 the build- ing was transferred to the Congregationalists, who have since held regular services in it. The first pastor was H. C. Johnson, who remained one year; E. P. Clisbee, one year; Westervelt, one and a half years; D. M. Bosworth, one and a half years; Richard Grosvenor, one year; and Rev. John Patchin, who began his services in 1878. The deacons are Richard Carpenter, James Garrison, Mr. Youngs and Benjamin Salisl)nry. The church is now in a pros- perous condition and numljcrs about fifty members. ST. Mary's chukch (catholic). In the year 1855 Father Louis Filiere organized St. Mary's Clnucli, and the same year the congregation erected the commodious church-edifice at Olmstead Falls. Father Filiere remained in charge as priest until 1874. fie was succeeded by Father Edward J. Murphy, who remained until 1876, when he gave place to Father James M. Cullen, the present incum- bent. The church-building was originally erected in the north part of the village, but has been moved to a pleasant site in the southern portion. A stone 490 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. parsonage stands near it, and there is also a school- house, in which a school has been kept for the last few years. The councilmen are John Dalton, Patrick McCarty and Joseph Ward. There are now about forty families connected with the churcli. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH (OLMSTEAD FALI.s). This was the first churcli organized in the town- ship, of which any record is preserved, the date of its formation being the l(5th day of April, 1835. The first members Were Mary Ann Fitch, Jeruslia Loomis, Cynthia House, Catharine Nelson, Abner N. Nelson, Sylvester Nelson, Sumner W. Nelson, William Wood, Mary Ann Wood, Rachel Wait, Emeliiie Spencer, Lydia Cune, Jotliam How, Anna S. How, Harriet Dryden, Esther E. Kennedy. The fortunes of the church have been very change- ful; some of the time no pastor has been employed, and still more of the time no records have been pre- served. It was at first connected with tlie Cleveland presbytery, but soon after Joined the Congregational association. Rev. Israel Mattison was the first regular pastor, beginning his services in 1831. Among those who have followed him have been Rev. James Steele in 1844; Rev. 0. W. White in 1854; Rev. E. P. Clisbee in 1857; Rev. Z. P. Disbrow, at various times from 1862 to 1870; Rev. Q. M. Bos- worth in 1876; Rev. Richard Grogan in 1877; Rev. John Patchin in 1878. The church building was erected in 1848. The trustees are Hugh Kyle, 0. W. Kendall and N. P. Loomis. OLMSTEAD FALLS UNION SCHOOL. This very creditable institution lias about a hun- dred and fifty scholars, and is graded in three depart- ments, primary, intermediate and high school, though sometimes only two teachers are employed. The school-house, a very fine brick building for a village of that size, two stories high, witii ample and con- venient rooms, was erected in 1874. LYCEUM, SCHOOL, ETC., IN DISTRICT NO. ONE. As we have stated in the general sketch of the township, a lyceum, or debating school, was organized in this district in 1837, and the people of "the Ridge " were somewhat noted for their fondness for whatever intellectual exercises could be indulged in in a secluded situation. In 1852, on the occasion of building a new school-house in district No. 1, eight young men and boys put tlieir loose change together, bought the old house, and moved it on to tlie land of Y. and E. Stearns to be used as a meeting-place for the lyceum. It was used for that purpose until 1860. The Good Templars were then given the use of it, and occupied it about fifteen years. In 1878 it was transferred to the district board of education, and is now used for the higher department of the grade school wliich has been orgauized in district No. 1. OLMSTEAD FALLS VILLAGE. First election April 7, 1856. Officers elected: Thomas Brown, mayor; Wni. S. Carpenter, recorder; H. S. Howe, N. P. Loomis, William W. Smith, Thos. Broadwell and George C. Knight, trustees. List of Mayors: Wm. S. Carpenter, 1856 and ■57; Wm. Giddings, (ChauceyMcad elected in May) 1858; 0. W. Kendall, 1859 and '60; N. P. Loomis, 1861; .John Lay, 1862; Elisha Fitch, (W. S. Carpenter elected in May) 1863; D. H. Cottrell, 1864; 0. W. Kendall, 1865; H. K. Minor, 1866 and '67: L. B. Adams, 1869, '70 and '71; Luther Barnum, 1872, '73 '74 and '75; L. B. Adams, 1876 and '77; re-elected for two years in 1878. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. (so PAR AS THEY CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE RECORDS). 1833. (Lenox) Trustees, Amos Briggs, Watrous Usher, Hosea Brad- ford; clerk, D. J. Siearns; treasurer, Isaac Frost. 18a4. Not recorded. 18y.5 and '26. Township annulled and divided. 1827. (Lenox reorganized.) Trustees, Trutnan Wolf, Alvah St«arns. Elias C. Frost: clerk. D. J. Steams; treasurer, IsaacFrost; overseersof the poor. John Barnum, Elias P. Usher. 1828. (Lenox) Trustees, Davis Ross, Alvah Stearns, Lucius Adams; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treas-urer. Thomas Briggs; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, H. Bradford. 1829. (Lenox) Trustees, D. Ross, A. Stearns, L. Adams; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Buel Peck; overseers of the poor, Peter Romp, Ar- dello Harris. 18.30. (Olmstead) Trustees, Noble Hotchkiss, Davis Ross, Vespasian Stearns; clerk, D. J. Stearns (declined, and Jonas Clisbee appointed i; treasurer, A. Stearns; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, Jonathan Thompson. 1831. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns. Elliott Smith, Amos Briggs; clerk, Jonas Clisbee: treasurer, A. Stearns; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, Thomas Briggs. 1832. Trustees, A. Briggs, J. Barnum, John Kennedy ; clerk, J. Clisbee; treasurer, John Adams. 1833. Trustees, J. Kenned)-, N. Hotchkiss, J. Carpenter; clerk, J. Clisbee; treasurer, J. Adams; overseei's of the poor, D. Ross, George Keeler. 1834. Trustees, D. J. Stearns, N. Hotchkiss, L. Adams: clerk, Orson Spencer: treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, Elliot Stearns, J. Adams. 18.35. Trustees, D. J. Stearns, William Wood, Nelson Hoadley: clerk, O. Spencer; treasurer. J. Adams; overseers of the poor, N. Hotchkiss, J. Carpenter. 1836. Trustees, William Wood, Jonas Clisbee, Hiram Fiisbee: clerk, O. Spencer; treasurer, Nahum Rice; overseers of the poor, Amos Briggs, CjTus P. Dryden. 18:17. Trustees, Hiram Frisbee, Vespasian Stearns. Nelson Hoadley; treasurer, Hiram B. Gleason; clerk, Chester Phillips: overseers of the poor. William Wood, Xahum Rice. 18:58 Trustees, Peter Kidney. Vespasian Stearns, John Kennedy; clerk, Jotham Howe; treasurer, H. B. Gleason; overseers of the poor, J. Carpenter. Sanford Fitch. WW. Trustees, Hiram Frisbee, Sanford Fitch, John Kennedy; clerk, A. W. Ingalls; treasurer, Jotham Howe: overseers of the poor, O. W. Hotchkiss, Abner Nelson. 1K40. Trustees. Vespasian Stearns, Chauncey Fitch. William Wood; clerk, Jotham HOwe: treasurer, Elisha Fitch; overseers of the poor, John Carpenter, Alden Thompson. 1811. Trustees, John Kennedy, Horace F. Adams, Chauncey Fitch; clerk, J. H(jwe; treasurer, Elisha Fitch: overseer of the poor, Amos Thompson. 1842. Trustees, H. Frisbee. J. Kennedy, S. Fitch; clerk, Chester Phil- Ups: treasurer, Hiram Gleason; overseers of the poor, E. Fitch, N. B. Sage. 1813. Ti'ustees, Vespasian Stearns, H. Frisbee, S. Fitch; clerk, C. Phillips; tieasurer, E. Fitch; overseers of the poor, Amos Briggs, Orson Spencer; assessor, D. J. Stearns. 1814. Trustees, John Kennedy, Elliott Stearns, Josepi S. Allen; clerk, C. Phillips: treasurer, William Romp: overseers of the poor, H. B. Gleason, J. N. Lawrence; assessor, John Barnum. 1M5. Trustees, Oliver Weldon, C. Fitch, E. Fitch; clerk, C. Phillips; treasurer, Wm. Romp: assessor. J. Kennedy: overseers of the poor, N. B. Gage, E. Pitch. OKANGE. 491 1»(0. Trustees, Caleb Cook. Elisba Fitch, Geo. McKilllp; clerk, C. Phillips: treasurer, J. Kennedy; assessor, D. J. Stearns. 1W7. Tiiistees, H. Frisbee, S. Fitch, ,Iohn Carpenter; clerk, .I.itlmni Howe; treasurer, Newton P. Lnomis; assessor, V. Stearns. IM.-*. Tnistees, H. K. Miner, Amos BrittRs, I). J. Stearns; cleik. .1. R. Henry; treasurer, Thomas F. Husted; assessor, Chester Phillips. 18l!l. Trustees, Eli Fitch, John Kennedy, Norman Dutcher; clerk, J. K. Henry; treasurer, Jotham Howe; assessor, C. Phillips. ItttO, Trustees, buel Stearns, Chnuncey Fitch, Alanson Tilly; clerk, Elliott Steams; treasurer, .Tothani Howe; assessor, C. Phillips. 1S51. Trustees. Sanmel Daniels, Elias P. Usher, Caleb Cook; clerk, Geo. W. Thompson ; treasurer, William Romp; assessor, Chauncey Fitch. mvi. Trustees, Samuel Dsniels, E. P. Usher, Cileb Cook; clerk, G. W. Tliompson; treasurer, \Vm. Romp; assessor, C Fitch. \k:1. Trustees, E. P. Usher, I'eter Kidney, John Ames; clerk. G. W. Thompson; treasurer, J. Howe; assessor. C. Fitch. IKyt. Trustees, E. P. Usher, Chauncej- Mead, Harvey Barnum; clerk, G. W, Thompson; assessor. Chauncey Fitch. 1C55. Trustees, Cyrus P. Dryden, Harvey Barnum. Eli Fitch; clerk. A. G. Hollister; treasurer, Henry S. Howe; assessor. (,'. C. Fitch. IH-Oti. Trustees Chauncey Fitch, Thomas Brown, Buel Stearns; clerk, N. I'. Loomis; treasurer, Elisba Fitch; assessor, Francis Fitch. IfHT. Trustees. C. Fitch, T. Brown, B. Stearns; clerk, N. P. Loomis; treasurer, E. Fitch; assessor, F. Fitch. 1S5H. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, James P. Rice, C. R. Vaughn; clerk, Jas. H. Strong; treasurer. N. P. I..oomis; assessor, C. C. Fitch. IH.5!1. Trustees, C. R. Vaushn, Lewis Short. Charles C.irpenter; clerk, J. H. Strong; treasurer. Eastman Bradford; assessor, Buel Stearns. l.SiiO, Trustees, Henry R<'nip. O. C. Lawiencc, Eli Filch; clerk, Rich- ard Pollard; trea-uier. Elisba Fitch; assessor, C. C Fitch. IStil. Trustees, Calvin Geer, Luther Barnum, J. W. Fitch; clerk, O. W. Kendall; treasurer, C. P. Diyden; assessor, Newell Nelson. iwa. Trusiee.s. J. \V. Fitch, H. Romp. Benoni Bartlett; clerk. Juhn G. Fitch; treasm-er. Elislia Filch; assessor, Buel Stearns. 1«)8. Trustees. S. W. Fitch, H. Hofftyzer, Benj. Salisbuiy; clerk. John G. Fitch; treasurer, William W. Mead; assessor, Newell Nelson. IWM. Trustees, J. G. Fitch, G. W Kennedy, C. R. Vaughn; clerk, N. P. Loomis; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Newell Nelson. IWB. Trustees, Chauncey Fitch. C. C. Fitch. Wui. Busby ; clerk. J. G. Fitch; treasurer. Wui. W. Mead. I8Bfi. Trustees. Eastman Bradford, Calvin Geer, Charles S. Underbill; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, G. W. Kemiedy. 1H67. Trustees, Eistman Bradford, Newman Pickard. Charles C. Fitch; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Gardner Stearns. leiiS. Trustees. C. C. Fitch. Benoni Bartlett, Lester B radford; clerk, Asahel Osborn ; treasurer, W. W. Jlead ; assessor, Gardner Stearns. 1H69. Trustees, O. P. Smith, J. R. Ruple, Elisba Fitch; clerk. Asahel Osborn; treasurer. W. W. Mead; assessor, James R. Shaw. 18T0. Trustees. Calvin Geer. David H. Barnard. Benj. Salisbury; clerk, A. Osborn; treasurer, W. W. Jlead; assessor, R. T. Elliot. IKTl. Trustees, B. Salisbury, Lester Bradford, O. P. Smith; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor. Gardner Stearns. 1872. Trustees. D. H. Barnard, C. C. Fitch, Wm. ,1. Camp; cleik, Henry Northrop; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor. .Inel Hall. 1S7:1. Trustees. D. H. Barnard, C. C. Fitch, M. E. Baker; clerk, R. Pollard; treasurer, \V. W. Mead; assessor, R. T. Elliot. 1874 Trustees, Wm. J. Camp. Jas. Hicky, Wm. Busby; clerk, Rich- ard IVllard; treasurer, Wm. W. Jlead; assessor, Lawrence Uramley. 187.i. Trustees, Wm. Bu.,by, G. W. Kennedy, L. C. Taney; clerk, Henry Norihrop; treasurer. Geo. R. Dryden; assessor, Lawrence Bramley. l!*7(i. Trustees, Clayton >harp, G. W. Kennedy, L. C.Taney; clerk, Henry Noilhrop; treasurer, G. B. Dryden; assessor, Henry Romp. 1877. Trustees. Clayton Sharp. Wm. T. Williams, John Hull; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, G. B. Dryden; assessor. G. W. Kennedy. 1878. Trustees, Clayton Sharp, Wm. T. Williams, William Daniels; clerk, W. D. Beiniett; treasurer, G. B. Dryden; assessor, Erastus Libby. l.'<7!i. Trustees. Clayton Sharp, W . F. Williams, W. W. Darrald ; clerk_ \V. D. Bennett; treasurer, George B. Dryden; assessor, Erastus Libby. D.VVID .JOHNSON STEARNS. Eli|pli;ilot Slearns wa.s of English descent, and was u cajitiiin in the American forces during (he Hevolu- tion. Ills .son Elijah, a native of Massiicliu.assed in the peaceful pursuits of a thoroughly :igricultunil community. Its annals are therefore, of necessity, brief. Between 184«> and 1S50 occurred the principal part of the change which must always take place in every new country wheu the log houses give way to framed ones, and the section passes from the pioneer period to the farming period. Only a few log houses lingered after 18-50. When treason assailed the nation's life the sons of Orange did their full part with the rest of the soldiers of Cuyahoga county, and their names will be found among those of their respective regiments in the gen- eral history of the county. Since the war the township has been largely de- voted to dairying, and there are now three cheese factories in it; that of J. P. Whitlam, at Orange Cen- ter; that of M. A. Lander, about two miles southwest of the center, and that of David Sheldon on Chagrin river, two miles east of the center. The steam saw- mills of James Graham near Chagrin river and close to the township of Chagrin Falls, and that of John Stoneman a mile west of the center are the only man- ufacturing establishments in the township. Orange Center consists of a small store, three or four houses, a Methodist church and a post office. North Solon post office, notwithstanding its name, is also situated in Orange township, half a mile ea.st from its southwest corner. A store was opened there in 18G0 by Mr. Elbridge Morse. In 18C3 he sold it to G. G. Arnold, the present proprietor, who had for three or four years previously been keeping a store near the residence of his father, Ralph Arnold. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHCBCH (ORAXGE CEXTER). This church was organized in 1839. The first members were P. C. Gordon, Mary A. Gordon, IIenr\- Gordon, Alanson Smith, Henrietta Smith, .Jesse Luce, Sophia H. Luce, Sophia Weller, Reese Bowel. Mar- garet Bowel, William Case, William Lander, Mary A. Ijander, Caroline Lander, Ansel lender, Abigail Lan- der, Clarissa Hennessy, Ferris Thorp, Sarah Gardeu- ier, J. J. Hennessy, William Hennessy. Henry Gor- don was the first class-leader. Rev. Mr. Halleck was the first pastor. Meetings were held at the school-house and at the residence of members until 1868, when the present neat framed edifice was erected. There are now about seventeen members. The following have been the pastors since Mr. Halleck, on this circuit, with the years in which their services began, as fully as could be ascertained from the scanty records: William F. Wilson and Hiram Kellogg, 1841: Timothy (Joodwin and Lorer- zo Rogers : S. C. Freer and R. H. Hnrlbut, 1849; Lake, 18.52; E. Lattamore and Benjamin Excell, 18-53: William Patterson and S. Reynolds, 1854; William Patterson and A. Fonts, 1855: William Lum and J. B. Hammond, 18-57; Thomas . Williams; treasurer, C. J. Pratt; overseers of poor, Phares Thorp, Elestus Arnold. 1840. Trustees, J. Cole, S. Nettlelon, Howard S. Allen; clerk, L. D. W'illiams; treasurer. Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Samuel Robin- son, Edmund Burnet. 1841. Trustees, H. Church, Asahel Green, H. Abel; clerk. C. T. Blakeslee; treasurer, Stephen Burnet; overseers of poor, Wm. Luce, Thos. Marlett. 1842. Ti-ustees, H. Church. H. S. Allen. B. Hardy; clerk, J. Cole; treasurer, S. Burnet; overseers of poor, Ethan Wait, Orson Calhan. 1843. Trustees, H. Church. H. S Allen, B. Hardy; clerk, S. Burnet; treasurer. Noah Graves; overseer of poor, S. Burnet, Jesse Luce. 1S44. Trustees, J. Cole, E. Wait, Zadock Bowell; clerk. C. Alvord; treasurer, T. King; overseer of poor. Geo Fankell, B. Hardy. 1845. Trustees, Elestu% Aruold, E. Burnet, B. Hardy; clerk, Thomp- son Willett: treasurer, John Whitlaw; assessor, James Handerson. 1841). Trustees, E. Burnet, J. D. Mapes. Benj Sheldon; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, John Whitlaw; assessor, E Smith. 1847. Trustees, J. D. .Mapes, Abram Tibbits, B. Sheldon: clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, H. S. .\Uen; assessor, John WTiitlaw. 1848. Trustees, A. Tibbits, H. Doloff, E. Burnet; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, H. S. Allen; assessor. A. Smith. 1849. Trustees, A. Ti bits, H. Doloff, Wm. Smith; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor. J. Handerson. 1850. Trustees, H. Abel. J. Cole. S. Burnet; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treas- urer, Wm. Lander; assessor, J. Handerson. 1851. Ti-ustees, Henry Abel. ,Zenas Smith, S. Burnet; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander: assessoi-, Thomas Colby, 1852. Trustees, E. .-Vrnold. C Gates. C. Cole; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer. John W'hillaw; assessoi", Thomas Colby. 1853. Trustees, John McLane, Jason H. Luce, Ainos Boynton: clerk, Wm. Stoneman; treasurer. Richmond Barbei*; assessor, Silas T. Dean. 1854. Tiustees, S. Burnet, H. Ahel, T. Willett: clerk, P. C. Gordon ; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, S. J. Smith. 1855. Trustees, A. 5IcVeigh, J. McLane, J. D. Mapes; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, Wm. Stoneman. l!-.5li. Trustees, John D. Mapes, C. Cole, A. McVeigh; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, Christopher Jackson. ORANGE. 495 185T. Trustees. J. D. Mapes, Wm. Luce, Chas. Gates; clerk, P. C, Gordon; treasurer,.!. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson. wm. Trustees. A. Jerome, R. Lewis. H. Baster; clerk, P. C, Goi-don; treasurer. J. H, Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson. l«.-)'.l. Trustees. John Whitlock. J. Bray. P. Farr; clerk, T. McVeigh; tieasurer, Wni. Lander; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1860. Trustees. Henry Price, Horace Rudd. F. Judd; cleik. W. P. Luce; treasurer, H. B. Boyuton; assessor, Chris' opher Jackson. isill. Trustees. H. Price, E. B. Pike. R. L?wis; clerk. W. P. Luce; treasiner, J. H. Luce; assessor. Christopher Jackson. IKUS. Trustees. E. B. Pike, Wm. Lander, H. Abell; clerk, W. P. Luce; treasurer. H. Price; assessor. Francis Rowe. 1863. Trustees. Wm. Lander. L. Sawyer, H. Rudd; clerk, C. Jackson; treasurer, H. Price; assessor, F. Rowe. lSfi4. Trustees. H. Rudd, L. Sawyer, Alonzo Cathan; clerk, H. B. Hoynton; treasurer. J. H. Luce; assessor, F. Rowe. isiri. Trustees, J. Burton, E. B. Pike, H. B. Boynton; clerk, H. W fi.irdon; treasurer. J. H. Luce; assessor. E. Murfet. IKiiU. Trustees. Edwin Mapes, T. M. Veigh, F. Rowe; clerk, H. W. Uordon; assessor, E. Murfet. l.Hii" Trustees. D. C. Kimball. Wm. Stoneman, L Underwood; clerk, Charles Jackson; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Edward Murfet. im'8 Trustees, J. M. Burgess, Edwin Mapes, Jedediah Burton; clerk. Chas. Jackson; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor. F. Rowe. 1869. Trustees. J. M. Burgess. A. Tibbits, E. Mapes; clerk, Charles Ja-.-kson; treasurer, Wm. Stonpmau; assessor, E. Murfet. 1H70. Trustees, John Whitlaw, J. Baster, Elestus Arnold; clerk, Chas. Jackson; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessoi', E. Murfet. isri. Trustees. .lohn Whitlaw, E. Arnold, Wm. Lauder; clerk. Chas .luckson; treasurer, VVni, Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. IKra Trustees, S. .1. Burnett, H. Rudd, Edwin Mapes; clerk, T. Wil- lett; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, Chas. Stone. Isri. Treasurer. H. W. Gordon. J. Q. Lander. E. B. Pike; clerk, T. Willett; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman: assessor, Chas. Stone. 1S">. Trustees, H. W. Gordon, .1. Q. Lander, E. B. Pike; clerk, M. J. Roberts; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, J. H. Gates. 18711. Trustees, H. W.Gordon, E. Mapes, J. Burnet; clerk, P. H. Baker; treasurer. Wm. Stoneman; assessor, E. Murfet, Jr. ISVT. Trustees, .1. M. Burgess. J. J. Burton. A. Stevens; clerk, Edwin Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. IH78. Trustees, C. L. Jackson. A. O. Stevens. J. M. Burge.ss; clerk, E. Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. 1ST9. Tnistees, Henry Abell, Wm. Whitlaw, Charles Thomas; clerk, E. Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. AMOS BOYNTON.* (';ilt'l) liovnton, the fcat.lier of the siil)jt'ct of this ski'ttli. w;is ;i native of Massachusott.s. Wc know lint litllf of his genealogy or earlj' history, hut we find him in Worcester, Otsego county, New York, early ill tliis century. There he married Aseiiiitli (Jarfield, the widow of Thomas Garfield. :iiiil the iiKitiier. by her two hushands, of thirteen cliildrcn. l*"iiiir of tliose were Garfields: Polly, Bet.sey, Al)ram and 'I'homas; Abram being the father of Hon. James A. (iarlield. iler children by Mr. Boynton were Anna, Amos, Martin, Nathan, Alpha, C'alista, Jerry, Wil- liam and John. It; 18(18 he removed wilh his f;miily lo Madrid, St. Lawrence county. New ^Oik. In 1S18, in company with his son Amos, he m;ide a win- ter journey in a sleigh to Ohio, Avhitiier he was fol- hiwed by the remainder of his family the iiext spring. I If made his homo in Indejieiuience. Cuyahoga county, where he died in lS-21. lie was a soldier in the war of 1812. Amos Bovnfon, the second child of C'alel) and Ase- luith Hovnton, was l)orn in Worcester, Otsego county, New York, on the 9th day of September, 180.5. He lived with his fatiier in Independence, until the death of the hitter, when at the age of seventeen, he com- menced life for himself. He was employed for some By U. A. Hinsdale, .V.M., President of Hiram College. time on the construction of the Erie canal, and as- sisted his half-brother, Abram Garfield, several years in carrying out a large contract on the Ohio canal. On the 17th of October, 183G. he married Alpha Ballou, a younger sister of the wife of Abram Garfield. These two women belonged to the well-known Ballou family of New England; their father being James Ballou, of Cumberland, Khude Island, and their mother Mehitable Ingalls, of Richmond, New Ilami)- shirc. Mrs. Boynton was the youngest of six ciiildren, and was born in the same town as lier mother. May 19, 1800. In 1829 Abram Garfield and Amos Boynton pur- chased each a small farm in Orange, Cuyahoga county, and on these farms they established their families. Their jiew homes were three miles from the present town of Clingriii Falls, and four miles from the vil- lage of Solon, but neither of those places then existed, and all around them was the almost unbroken wilder- ness, abounding in the wild animals so often men- tioned in this history. Their nearest neighbors were the Mapes family, a mile distant; the next nearest were in the north part of the township, nciirly three miles distant. The two sturdy men, earnestly seconded by their devoted wives, fell to work to clear up their farms, and to build up their homes. Mr. Garfield lived but four years; he died in 1833, leaving his four small children to the care of their mother. Mr. Boyuton lived to cle;ir uj) his farm, to rear a family, and to see the wilderness of 1839 transformed into a culti- vated land, covered by the homes of a numerous, thrifty, and happy population. But his struggle with nature was too much for his powers; his health broke down by degrees, and he was com|)clled to relinrton, David Adams, Oliver Emers m; clerk, Itumar Adams; treasurer, Jacob Countryman. IS.*. Trustees. Thos. Adams, Asa Emerson, Benjamin Norton; clerk Oliver Emerson ; trettsurer, Jacob Countryman. 1S31. Trustees, Sam'l Freeman, Asher Norton. Peter Countryman; clerk, Lyndon Freeman; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1832. Trustees, Asher Norton, Daniel Greene, Oliver Emerson; clerk, John S. Greene ; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1833. Trustees, Benjamin Norton, John Wheeler, Oliver Emerson! clerk, Reuben Emerson; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 18.34. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, Dudley KobiTts, Rufus .Scovill; clerk, O. J. Tultle; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 18.35. Trustees, Benjamin Norton, Reuben Hurlburt, B. Snow; clerk' Reuben Emerson; treasurer, Jos. W. Kilboru. 18:30. Trustees, Barzilla Snow, Reuben Hurlburt, David t'lark; clerk. Lyndon Freeman ; treasurer, John A. Ackley. 1S.37. Trustees, David Clark, Reuben Hurlburt, .r<>rBmiah Toms; clerk, Reuben Emerson; treasurer, Lewis Reynolds. Wm. Trustees, David Clark, Reuben HurlbuH, Alfred Cleveland; clerk, Henry K. Freeman; treasurer, Oliver Emereon. 18.39. Trustees, Sam'l S. Ward, David-Clark, Moses Fowls; clerk, Asa Emerson, Jr.; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1810. Trustees, John J. Bigelow, Chas. Stroud, James Walling; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Reuben Hurlburt. 1841. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, I.J. Lockwood, Win. Humphrey; clerk, Jas. M. Brown; treasurer, David Clark. 1842. Trustees, Reub»n Hurlburt, I. J. Lockwood; clerk, F. F. Cogs- well; treasurer, David Clark. 1843. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, Barzilla Snow, Lewis Roberts; clerk, Jas. M. Brown; treasurei-, Stephen Potter. 1844. Trustees, Asher Norton Almanza Roberts, Moses Fowl: clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, John J . Bigelow. 1845. Trustees. Isaac Burnham, Almanzt Roberts, Alfred Cleavelaud; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Reuben Emerson. 1846. Trustees, Dudley S. Humphrey, Bela Norton Barzilla Snow; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1M7. Trustees, Asher Norton, D. S. Humphrey, Moses Fowl; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1848. Trustees. Philip Henninger, Almanza Roberts, I. J. Lockwood; clerk, Ja.s. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1849. Trustees. Moses Fowl, David Clark, Daniel Stephan; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Jas. M. Brown. 1850. Trustees, Jas. M. Cogswell, Almanza Roberts, Phili|) Heninger; clerk. Palmer Snow; treasurer, David Clark. 1851. Trustees, Philip Heninger, Alfred C'leaveland; clerk. Palmer Snow; treasurer, Moses Fowl. * 18.52. Trustees, Wm. C. Warner, G. Wangelin, ^Umanza Roberts; clerk. Palmer Snow; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1H53. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Levi Bartholemew ; clerk, F. F. Coerswell; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1854. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Asher Norton, Cyrus Ingersoll: clerk F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 18.">5. Trustees, Oliver Emerson, John Mead, Philip Heninger; clerk. Palmer Snow; treasurer, J. W. Fay. 18.J6. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Edward Eggleston • clerk. Palmer Snow; treasurer, .leremiah \V. Fay. 1857. Trustees. Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Edward Eggleston ; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, JVIarcus A. Brown. 1858. Trustees, .\hnanza Roberts, Edward Eggleston, Henry Kuntz; clerk, Jas. M. Co.;swell: treasurer, Lewis Roberts. 18.W. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Henry Kuntz, Reuben Gates; clerk, ."Vsa Emerson; treasurer, John A. Ackley. 1860. Trustees, Oliver Emerson, Moses Fowl, Philip Kline; clerk, .\sa Emerson; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll. 1861. Trustees, Wm. Redrup Henry Kuntz, Jas. M. Brown; clerk, A. McArthur; treasurer, Jacob A. Stroud. 1862. Trustees, Marcus A. Brown, Chas. Umstaeter, E. M. Norton; clerk, Edward Eggleston: treasurer, Jacob A. Stroud. 1863. Trustees, Thos. Davis, Lewis Schwob, Erhart Geiger: clerk, Edward Eggleston; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll. 18IH. Trustees, David Clark, Henry Kuntz, Erhart Geiger; clerk, Ed- ward Eggleston; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1865. Trustees, Leonard Snow, Marcus A. Brown, Oliver Emerson; clerk, Edward Eggleston; treasurer, John A. Ackley. 1866. Trustees, Leander Snow, Chas. J. Pond, Jacob Wetzel: clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll. 1867. Trustees, Henry Deutzer, Jas. M. Brown. Jacob Hoffman; clerk Asa Emerson; treasurer, J. W. Fay. 1868. Trustees, Henry Deutzer, Leander Snow, Edward Brainard; clerk, Asa Emerson ; treasurer, J. W. Fay. 1869. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, O. F, Nichols, Henry Deutzer: clerk, Theo. M. Towl; treasurer, Lewis Clark. 1870. Trustees, Almanza Roberts. W. J. Marshal, H. Deutzer; clerk, Theo. M. Towl: treasurer, John Hobhs. 1871. Tnistees. Leander Snow Almanza Roberts. Jacob Wetzel: clerk, R. N. Hodgman: treasurer, John Hobbs. 1872. Trustees, .1. .1. Bigelow, H. Deutzer, J. Hobbs; clerk, T. M. Towl; treasurer, O. F. Nicholas. 1873. Trustees, John Hobbs, Wm. Rederup, Philip Unkrich; clerk, S B. Ingersoll ; treasurer, O. F. Nicholas. 500 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1874. Trustees, Henry Kuntz, Asa Emerson, Ralph James; clerk, S. B. Ingersoll; treasurer, Chas. Stearns. 1875. Trustees, Jacob Wetzel, Wm. Redrup, Philip Unkrich; clerk, S. B. Ingersoll; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1876. Trustees. Christ. Tauber, Madison Robb, Conrad Foster; clerk. S. B. Ingersoll ; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1S77. Trustees, H. Deutzer, C. Tauber, A. McArthur; clerk, S. B. Ingersoll; treasurer, John Hobbs. 187-t. Trustees, Wm. Wagner. H. Krather, O. S. Emerson; clerk, S.B. Ingersoll; treasurer, PhiUp Klein. 1879. Trustees, Philip Unkrich, Chas. Forochner, O. S. Emerson; clerk, S. B. Ingersoll; treasurer, E. D. Cogswell. RELIGIOUS MATTERS. The first sermon heard in Parma was delivered in 1833, at the house of Asa Emerson, by Rev. Henr}' Hudson, of Royallon, a Baptist minister. Mr. Hud- sou was also a doctor, and having been called to at- tend at the birtli of a daughter of Mr. Emerson, on a Saturday, he remained, and j)reached a sermon on the following day. A liasty notice was sent out, and the inhabitants gathered in full force at Mr. Emer- son's house, and were refreshed with a renewal of their earlier religious experiences. Mr. Hudson preached in Parma quite often after that, and, as the early settlers in that township were principally Bap- tists, he never lacked hearers. Besides Mr. Hudson, Rev. Mr. Jackson, of Wooster, also preached to the Baptists of Parma, and although thus it will be seen that tlie Baptists were the only ones who enjoyed early religious worship) in Parma, and yet, somewhat curiously, no church of that denomination was ever organized there. FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. Tins church was organized about 1830, in the southeast corner of the township, with but a handful of members, among whom were David Pond, John Johnson, J. W. Kilburn, Alfred Cleveland and Moses Ware with their wives. David Pond was the first deacon, and Moses Ware tjie first elder. In 1839 there was a great revival when forty persons were added to the membership, which rose in that year to sixty. Among the early preachers were Elders Ran- dall and Walker, the latter of whom was the leading spirit in the revival Just mentioned. The organiza- tion never owned a clmrch-building, but used a school-house as a place of worship. Toward 1864, the membership grew small by degrees, and the church was dissolved in that year. FIRST PRESBYTERIAX CHURCH. The first Presbyterian Church of Parma was or- ganized as a Congregational Church November 7, 1835, with fourteen members, as follows: Samuel, Sarah, Sarah B. and Celinda Freeman, James M. Cogswell, Beulah G. Adams, Catherine Ann Ferrell, Mary H. Cogswell, Descom and Susan Chapin, Frederick and Harriet Cogswell, Catherine Ferrell and Arvin Kennedy. The first clerk was Frederick F. Cogswell, and the first elders, Samuel Freeman, James M. Cogswell and Descom Chapin. At the first meeting it was resolved '• not to take for a member any j^erson who is a dealer in, or manufacturer, of ardent spirits." On the 10th of January, 1836, the Lord's Supjier was administered by Rev. B. B. Drake. The first minister was Rev. Benjamin Page, who agreed to give half his time for $400 a year. After Mr. Page, the ministers were Revs. V. D. Taylor, Phineas Kingsley, C. B. Stevens, J. D. Jenkins, — -• Edwards and others. The membership in 1842 was thirty-seven and in 1844 it was forty. In August, 1879, it was thirty-six. The church, although Congregational was attached to the presbytery of Cleveland from the outset, and in April, 1874, it changed entirely to the Presbyterian denomination. Public worship was held in a township school-house until 1841, when the edifice now used, was erected. The church has had no ordained minister for several years, being in 1879, supplied by Rev. Anson Smythe. The elders in that year were William J. Marshall, Jacob Bailey and William Cogswell. ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (REFORMED PROTESTANT). Tliis congregation (German) was organized in 1858, and in that year built a brick church which is still used. Previous to tliat date, beginning in 1853, Rev. Philip Stempel, of Brighton, had preached to tlie German Protestants of Parma occasionally, in school- houses. At the building of the church, the trustees were Michael Hoag, Adam Halin, George Bauer, and John Huber, the membership being then about twenty-five. The membership in August, 1879, was forty-foui-. The pastor at that time was Rev. Mr. Kraus, and the trustees were George Bauer, William Keyser, Michael Hahn and Gottfried Klanzinger. ST. JOHN'S CHURCH (GERMAN EVANGELICAL LU- THERAN.) In 1867 a division took place in the congregation of the German Reformed Protestant church of Parma: a portion withdrawing and forming a sejiarate church, of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination, and they built a house of worship in 1868. At that time tlie membership was thirty-five, but it has been declining latterly, and now numbers but twenty. The first trustees were Michael Meyer, John Koch, and Gott- leib Miller; the first minister was Rev. Mr. Fuelir. Rev. Paul Littke is the present minister. The trus- tees are John Koch, Michael Meyer, and Christian Koch. The deacons are Andrew Hoag, John Sliarp and Deitrich Busch. CHURCH OF THE HOLY FAMILY (GERMAN CATHOLIC.) Rev. Father Quigley commenced in 1873 to hold Catholic religious services at the house of Conrad Rohrbach in Parma, and at the close of that year the congregation included eleven families. In 1873 a church edifice was built upon a lot adjoining Mr. Rohrbach's residence, and there the Catholics of Par- ma liave since worshiped. Conrad Rohrbach was tlie first trustee, and still serves as trustee, as does John ROCKPOET. 501 (iehi'ing. Following Fatlau- Quigley as priests, were Rev. Fathers O'Brien, Kiihbler, Zanipiel and Fide- liiis — the latter of whom is the present incumbent, and holds services once a fortnight. The average at- tenchuice numbers seventeen families. SCHOOLS. Tile first scliool tauglit in Greenbrier was conducted by Samuel Freeman, in his own house, during tlie winter of 1825. There Mr. Freeman taught his own children — of whom there were not a few — and those of such settlers as deemed book education one of the necessities of life. Parma's first school teacher was a well-educated man for those days, and he so trained liis children that after him three of them, Samuel, Jr., Lawrence and Lyndon also became school teachers. The first school district in the township was set off in May, 1826. In this district was Benajah Fay, Sam- uel Freeman, Thomas Adams, John Hodgman, Amos llodgman, Joseph Small, Peter Countryman, Asa Em- erson, Jesse Nichols and Peletiah Bliss. The second school district was set off in December, 182G, in the northeast part of the township. At the same time the southeast corner of the township was made a portion of the fourth school district of Brecks- ville, and contained Benjamin and Asher Norton and Nelson Scovill. In 18T9 Parma was divided into nine school districts, in which the number of school children, between the ages of six and sixteen, was three hundred and ninety. The amount appropriated for school purposes in that year was *!2,000. POST OFFICE. Samuel Freeman was Parma's first jiostmaster; af- ter him the office was held successively by William Ilumphrey, Oliver Emerson and Harry Humphrey. Oliver Emerson was then appointed to a second term, and lias been the incumbent ever since. CHAPTER LXXX III. ROCKPORT. lioundaries and Surface— Detroit Street — Rocky River— Early Settle- ment—John Harbertson— Pliilo Taylor— The First Road— Daniel Miner —George Peakc— Dr. Turner— .\ Sa— Rockport Christian Temperance Union— The Temper- ance Sunday School— The Fruit Interest— Burial Places— Railways— Manufactiu'es. Rockport, one of the northern townships of Cuy- ahoga county, is number seven in range fourteen, in * The early expeditions through Rockport and the wreck of Brad- street's expedition in that township are narrated in the forepart of the general history of the county. the survey of the Western Reserve, and lies uiion the southern shore of Lake Erie. It contains twenty-one full sections of a mile scpiare each, and four fractional sections, the size of which is reduced by the lake. The township is bounded on the north by Lake Erie; on the south by Middleburg township; on the east by Brooklyn, and on the west by Dover. The surface of the country is level and the soil is generally productive, especially along the lake shore, where a rich fruit belt contributes largely to the wealth and prosperity of the township. South of that belt, fruit is also considerably cultivated but general farming is more largely followed, and with very profitable results. As a rule, the farmers are intelli- gent, thrifty and prosperous, their well cultivated and well appointed farms showing their success in life; while their handsome dwellings — which in very many cases might properly be called elegant — testify to the taste as well as the prosperity of the owners. Detroit street, as the extension of that street into Rockport is commonly called, follows the lake shore from the township line to Rocky river, au avenue of more than ordinary i)retensions, and is also a drive much fre(piented by the citizens of Cleveland. Bor- dering it on either side are numerous handsome and costly suburban residences, set in the midst of taste- fully kept grounds, and presenting on a summer day in connection with the smiling fields, the numerous patches of woodland and the broad expanse of the lake, a scene of beauty seldom surpassed. Rocky river, a rugged but shallow stream, flows through Rockport from the southern line near the southwestern corner in an exceedingly crooked course to the lake, passing nearly the whole distance between high and abrupt embankments, which at the river's mouth are handsomely wooded, and present a verv pictures([ue appearance. Here also, in suminei', peo- ple from Cleveland daily resort in large numbers, to enjoy the beauties of nature and to rejoice in the invigorating breezes which are wafted landward over the billowy bosom of Lake Erie. EARLY SETTLEMEXT. The first white person to settle in the township of Rockport (so goes an old record by Henry Alger, liiin- self a settle;- in Rockport in 1812) was John Harbert- son (or Ilarberson), an Irish refugee, who, with his family, located in the spring of 180'J upon the east side of Rocky river near its month. In the same year, and abont the same time, Wm. McConley. who came over fi'om Ireland with Harbertson, settled in Rockport upon a place now known as Van Scoter bottom. Neither Harbertson nor McConley tarried long in their new homes, whence they removed about 1810; Harbertson going to Huron county, where he resided until his death. In 1808, Philo Taylor, who had moved from New York to Cleveland in 180G, agi-eed with Harmon Can- field and Elislia Whittlesey, as agents and owners of land in what is now Rockport, to locate in that town- 502 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ship. On the 10th of April in that year lie landed with his family from an open boat at the mouth of Rocky river. He selected a place on the east side of tlie river opposite the site of the Patchen House, put up a cabin and began a clearing. By 1809 he had effected material improvements there. At that time, Mr. Canfield, who had verbally agreed that Taylor should have the place, informed him that he would have to select some other spot, since it had been de- cided by the proprietors to lay out a town near the mouth of the river, and that the lot originally selected by Taylor would he wanted for that purpose. At this Mr. Taylor became exceedingly wroth. He sold his improvements to Daniel Miner, launched a curse against the mouth of Rocky river, and removed with his family to Dover. Until 1809 there was no highway between Cleve- land and the Huron river, that whole region being an almost unbroken wilderness. In that year the legis- lature made an appropriation for a public road be- tween these points, and selected Ebenezer Merry, Nathaniel Doan and Lorenzo Carter to superintend the work. This road crossed Rocky river near its mouth, and was the only one west of Cleveland until 1814 or 181.5. Daniel Miner, who bought out Philo Taylor in 1809, came from Homer, New York, in that year and occupied Taylor's old improvenjents. In 181:i he began to build a mill upon what is still known as the "mill lot." Before it was completed Miner died, in February, 1813. Despite of Canfleld's sanguine expectations, the Taylor lot was never em- l^loyed as a part of the proposed town which indeed never existed save on paper. Miner kept a tavern and a ferry there in 1811. He shortly afterward bought out Harbertson on the same side of the river, and kept tavern in his old house in 1812. In 1809 the public highway, above referred to, being comjileted to Rocky river, one George Peake, a mu- latto, and his family were the first to pass over it in a wagon, by which they journeyed fi-om Cleveland to Rocky river, locating on the place lately owned by John Barnum. Peake had been a soldier in the Brit- ish army, and was in General Wolf's command at the taking of Quebec. Locating in Maryland he had married a black woman reputed to have owned "a half bushel of dollars." He had .settled with her in Pennsylvania, had raised a family of children, and when he moved to Rockport was accompanied by two grown sons — Gcoi'ge and Joseph ; two others — James and Henry — following soon after. The Peakes in- troduced an improvement in the foi-m of a hand grist- mill, which was exceedingly well liked by the few settlers, as grinding had previously been accom- plished by means of the "stump mortar and spring- pole pestle." George Peake died in September, 1827, at the great age of one hundred and five. In 1811 Doctor John Turner, a brother-in-law of Daniel Miner, came from the State of New York and located on the farm afterwards owned by Governor Wood. Two years afterward, while the doctor and his wife were away from home, their residence wa."-- burned to the ground and their two children were destroyed with it. After this calamity the family removed to Dover. While the Turners lived in Rock- port the newcomers were Jeremiah Van Scoter, John Pitts, Datus Kelley and Chester Dean' a brother-in- law of Kelley. Van Scoter located upon the place now known as Van Scoter's bottom, and after re- maining a year removed to Huron county. Mr. Kelley occupied the place now owned by George Merwin. In 1834, with his bi-other ha, he bought the now famous Kelley Island. On the 7th of June, 1812, Nathan Alger, with his wife and sons — Henry, Herman, Nathan, Jr., and Thaddeus P. — and his son-in-law, John Kidney, all from Litchfield county, Conn., settled upon sections twelve and thirteen, and founded what is to this day known as the Alger settlement. Two days later, Benjamin Robinson, afterwards son-in-law of Nathan Alger, came in from Vermont and took up a place in that settlement. Nathan Alger, Sr., died January 21, 1813, being the first white person who died in the township. Samuel Dean, with his sons Joseph and Aaron W., moved into the township in 1814. Sam- uel Dean died in 1840, aged 85; his son Chester died in 1855; Horace B. Alger and Dyer Nichols came in during the fall of 1813. Benjamin Robinson, above referred to, was a famous hunter, and much addicted to a roving life; priding himself, iiuleed, upon his Indian habits. He became eventually an industrious member of the Alger settlement, but in his old age fell into evil ways, paid the penalty, and died in poverty at the age of ninety. RufuS Wright, a soldier of the war of 1812, re- moved in 1816 from Stillwater, N. Y., to Rockport, and bought of Gideon Granger three-quarters of an acre of land, now occupied in jDart by the Patchen House, on the west side of Rocky river, near its mouth. He paid $300 for it. evidently sharing Granger's belief that there was destined to be a great city near the natural harbor at the mouth of Rocky river. Wright put up a framed tavern of consid- erable size, and from 1810 to 1853 the house remained in the possession of the Wright family, passing in the latter 3"ear to Mr. Silverthorn. As the Patchen House, it is a remodeled and improved structure, still containing, however, a portion of the old build- ing. A part of the old tavern is now used by the widow of John Williams as a residence, a little south of the Patchen House. Mr. Wright built half of the first bridge at that point, kept a ferry there foi' some years, and assisted in cutting out the first road west of the river. About the time of Wright's settlement, Henry Clark, John James, Charles Miles, and Josoi)h Sizer came into the township, and between the years 181C and 1830 Clark and James were al so tavern keepers on the west side. The first tavern kept in the town- ship was, as already recorded, the one opened by EOCKPOET. 50^ Daniel Miuor, to whom the court of oommou pleas of (Jiiyahoga county issued a license in March, 1811, re- newing it in 1812, and also granting a license to keep ;i Ffiry. This tavern was only a log cabin, eighteen feet hv twonty-four, and stood on the east side of the river, near the end of the jiresent bridge. For some years after Miner's death his widow carried on the tavern, previous to which, for a brief period, Moses I'^ldred, who located in the township in the spring of I.S13, kei)t the stand. Joseph, a son of Samuel Dean, who settled in Eock- port in 1814, built and carried on the first tannery in tlie township, on the north ridge, where Lucius Dean now resides. In 1815 Joseph Larwill — afterwards tlie founder of C ranger City — built a mill near the mouth of Eocky river, but before he put it in opera- lion it was l)urned to the ground. A similar fate l>efell a mill which was built on the same spot in 1818 by Erastus and Charles Johnson. In 1817 Datus Kelly built a sawmill in section sixteen, on the creek tinit crosses the north ridge. James Nicholson, at the age of twenty, traveled in 18(13, afoot, from Barnstal)le county, Connecticut, to 'J'l-umbull county, Oiiio, whence, after a residence of fifteen years, he moved, in 1818, to Eockport, where he had purchased two hundred and seventy acres of land, l^pon a jiortion of tiiat land his sou, Ezra Nicholson, now lives. Of James Nicholson's two children, who came with him, a daughter — Mrs. Elias Paddock, of Olmstead — is still living. Upon his ar- rival he put up a log cabin, and at that time was the only settler between the Cuyahoga and Eocky rivers. In 182G he erected a framed house a little west of wiiere Ezra Nicholson now lives, and shortly afterward iipencd it as a tavern. Mr. Nicholson resided in Kockport until his death, which occurred in Eock- port, when he had leached the age of seventy-six. Mars Wagar, with his wife, Keturah, moved from Ontario county. New York, to Cleveland in 1818, and in 1820 proceeded to Eockport, where he liad pur- ciuised one hundred and sixty acres of land, in sec- tion twenty-two, from Francis, son of Gideon Granger. He died in Hocki)ort in 1841, leaving a widow and several ciiiidreu, tlieformcrof whom still lives on the old homestead, at tlie age of eighty-five. Iler sons, Adam M. and Isiael !)., are jironiinent citizens of Kockport. In April, 1810, Eliel Farr, a farmer and surveyor, with his sons, Aurelius, Eliel, Jr. and Algernon, came into Eockport from Pennsylvania, and settled ui)on section sixteen. Price French left Ontario county, New York, in 1818, and settled in Indiana. lie moved from there to Eockport in 1828, with his wife and six children, and located upon the place now occui)iedby Ezra Nicholson. He disposed of that portion of the farm to James Nicholson, and afterwards occupied the j)lace where his son, A. G. Frencli, now resides. David llerrington, who went to Middleburg, Ohio, from Otsego county, New Y''ork, in IS'^l, settled two years later in Eockport, u|)on the place now occu- pied by bis widow. William and Mary Jordan located in 1837 upon the " Jordan place," on the Dover plank road. Mrs. Jordan still resides u]ion the old home- stead, surrounded by her children. Jonathan Parshall moved from New York to Eock- j)ort in 1821, purchased an acre of ground of Mars Wagar, and put up a log cabin near the house of the latter. Parshall was a liouse-carpenter, and also taught school a few weeks in Eockj)ort, but he was not very industrious, and in the course of time, being unable to pay even for his acre of land, he was dis- possessed of it. EAKLY INCIDENTS. Mention has already been made of the fact that Nathan Alger, Sr., was the first person to die in the township. The first white child born in the town- ship was Egbert, son of Philo Taylor, who was born in November, 1809. Addison, son of Datus Kelley, was the second, born in June, 1812, and the third was Philana D., daughter of Henry Alger, born in De- cember, 1812. The first couple resident in the town- ship, who were married, were Benjamin Eobinson and Amelia Alger, who were wedded in Cleveland No- vember 5, 1812, by George Wallace, Esq. There was no wedding in the township until January, 1814. Chester Dean, of Eockj)ort, and Lucy, daughter of Abner Smith, of Dover, were united by (ieorge Wal- lace, E.sq., at the house of Datus Kelley. Visitors to this wedding came from miles around uj)on ox-sleds, and the occasion, so says tradition, '• was one of great merriment." The first justice of the peace was Charles Miles, who was elected June 24, 1819. In that year, at a State election, but thirteen votes were polled in the township. Previous to 1812, Indians used to rendezvous in numbers at th.c mouth of Eocky river, and on an is- land in that stream they buried several of their dead. Upon that island, too, they left their canoes during the winter, while they went into the interior for game. U]ion returning in the si)ring, they were in the ha))it of building a fire at the head of each grave on the is- land. The Indians were friendly to the whites before the war of 1812, but on the outbreak of that conflict, many of them joined Tecuinseh, and none of them ever returned. A great "bear hunt" was organized in 1820, and the command entrusted to Joseph Dean, a famous Nimrod of the time. The line of the hunt reached from Eocky river to Black river, and included a small army of hunters. Of bears they got few, but the catch of deer was abundant. The hunt wound up with a grand jollification whereat whisky played an imjiortant part, as in truth it invariably did in all l)ublic, and many private events of the time. Whisky drinking was exceedingly popular and doubtless pernicious. At all events so thought Datus Kelley, who at a township meeting in 1827 astonished the company by presenting a temperance pledge for 504 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COtTNTY. signatures. There was a storm of opposition, and a loud outcry against what was called Kelley's onslaught upon liberty, but despite such a beginning, Mr. Kel- ley persevered in his purjjose and eventually succeed- ed in gaining many adherents to the cause. At the first townshij) election but nineteen voters lived in Kockport and as there were eighteen offices to fill it was remarked after the election that every man in the township either held an office, kept a tav- ern or owned a sawmill. The first bridge across Rocky river near its mouth Avas built in 18:21, by subscriptions, Rufus Wriglit paying about one-half the expense. There was a great gathering at the raising of the bridge, which con- sumed a week. When it was accomplished. Captain Wright invited all hands to his tavern, where the whisky jag passed merrily around and where the event was celebrated in so hilarious a manner that even the '"Squire" himself danced a jig on a table among tumblers and bottles, while the rest of the company cheered his efforts by singing Yankee Doodle. A sketch of the early experiences of the Algers, written by Henry Alger, narrates that when he reached Rockjjort, June 7, 1812, his p)ersonal prop- erty consisted of an axe, an old French watch, jjart of a kit of shoemaker's tools, a bed and seven cents in cash. As he had borrowed ten dollars to pay his way to Rockport, he was in no mood to idle away his time, but began at once to put up his log cabin, and furnished it with a "catamount" bedstead, a shoe- maker's bench and two stools. With that outfit he and his wife set up housekeeping. The only kitchen ware they had at first was an old broken iron tea ket- tle which young Alger happened to find on the lake shore. In the fall of 1813 Mr. Alger went thirty-six miles west of Painesville and threshed wheat for Ebenezer Merry, receiving every tenth bushel for his labor. This shows plainly enough that breadstuffs were very scarce and high at that time. In 1813 Mr. Alger went to Cleveland to get salt, and for fifty-six pounds of that commodity he worked nine days for S. S. Baldwin, and then carried it home afoot on his back. In a similar way he obtained flour — by chopping timber for Capt. Hoadley of Columbia. He chopped an acre of timber for one hundred pounds of flour, and carried the latter home on his l)ack — a distance of ten miles. When Philo Taylor first settled in Rockport, in 1808, he went to mill in an open boat to the river Raisin, in the State of Michigan. The corn mills in Rockport at that early day were hollowed stumps for mortars, in which the grain was ground with what was called the spring-pole pestle. In 1810 a mail route between Cleveland and Detroit was established through Rockport. The mail, which weighed six or seven pounds, was carried on foot in a valise, by three men, stationed along the line. GRAXGER CITY. In 1815, Joseph Larwill, of Wooster, Ohio, came to Rock])ort and purchased tiie "mill lot" on the east side of the river, and also a tract on the west side near the mouth, where, with Gideon Granger, John Bever and Calvin Pease, he laid out a citj^, which was called Granger, in honor of Gideon Granger, a large land owner in Rockport and other parts of the Re- serve. A sale af the lots was widely advertised, and on the appointed day a great number of people were assembled from a considerable distance. Lots were sold at high rates; some bringing $60 each; the ex- citement ran high, and Larwill & Co. felt assured of a fortune. The first cabin built upon the site of the new city was put up by Charles Miles near where the Patchen House now stands, and in 1816 John Dowling, George Reynolds and Capt. Foster also erected cabins. In the same year, John James, of Boston, bought out Miles, who then located on the farm afterwards owned by Gov. Wood. James, who had brought out a small stock of goods, opened a store, and also a tavern, both of which he carried on until his death in 1820. In 1816, too, as ali'eady stated, Rufus Wright built a tavern there, and there were also several other set- tlers in the new city at that time, including Asahel Porter, Eleazer Waterman, Jose23hus B. Lizer and Henry Canfield, the last of whom built what was long known as " Canfield's old store." Mr. Caufield came from Trumbull county, Ohio, the home of his father, who had bought considerable land in Rockport. One day he met at his store a lady who had journeyed alone, on horseback, from Connecticut to Royalton, to visit her sister. He fell in love with her at first sight, married her shortly afterward, and moved with her to a farm east of the river, now owned by Collins French. He lived there but a short time, however, before returning to Trumbull county. One Fluke, a German, and a potter by trade, came from Wooster and settled in Granger City in 1817, and began to make brown earthenware. Shortly after that Henry Clark came along and opened a tavern, and one Scott moved from Painesville to join Larwill in the erection of a mill. They had got up the frame of a dam when winter set in, but in the spring tiic floods washed it entirely away. This deeidy discour- aged Mr. Larwill regarding the future of Granger City, and he abandoned the undertaking in disgust. The city struggled on a sliort time after this, but all kinds of business were soon abandoned there, and even the few scattered cabins were speedily deserted by their inmates. ORGANIZATIOX. Rockport was formed as a civil township in Feb- ruary, 1819, and on tiie first Monday in the follow- ing April it held its first election at Rufus Wright's tavern. Those who voted at that election were Rufus Wright, Asahel Porter, Henry Canfield, Samuel Dean, Chester Dean, Joseph Dean, Dyer Nichols, Daniel Bardin, John Kidney, John Pitts, John James, Chas. Miles, Erastus Johnson, Charles Johnson, Jose])hus B. Sizer, Datus Kelley, Jas. Nicholson, Benjamin Robinson and Henry Alger. JOHN P. SPENCER. Jonathan Spencer, the father of our subject, was born at East Greenwich, R. I., Dec. 6, 1778. He married Miss jNIoliie Jones, a native of the same town, wiio was born Nov. 27, 1781. In 1803 lie emigrated to Brookfiekl, Madison Co., N. Y., wiiere he puroiiased a farm. He was a tanner and currier by trade, and in hiter years a shoemaker. He resided in that State until 1834, when he came to Olmsted Falls, Cuyahoga Co., where he died Feb. 7, 1837. His wife's death occurred Feb. 10, 1835. John 1'. Spencer was the second son and child of a family of eight children of this worthy couple. He was born at Brookfield, Madison Co., N. Y., May 24, 1805. His education wits limited to what could be procured at the district school. In early life he assisted iiis father. At the age of twenty-one he left home and was employed on the farm for four seasons, in the winter teaching school. In 1830 lie left Brookfield and came to Ohio to seek his fortune. He selected one hundred and twenty-five acres of fertile land (which was at that time an unbroken for- est) in the southwestern part of Rockport, with the intention of making it his liome. On the 13tli of March, 1832, he married Miss Electa M., daughter of Junia and Hannah (Ingraham) Beach. To this worthy woman should be attributed an equal share of the success which has attended them. They now have the means to obtain the comforts and enjoy- ments that a life of industry and prudent forethought will secure. Their home is known for its hospitality, and the unfortunate are never turned away unaided. Mr. Spencer added to his landed possessions, so that at one time he owned two iiundred and twenty- five acres, but he has made su<-ii liberal distributions of property to his children, that he has now remain- ing only his original homestead. Mrs. Spencer was born in Norfolk, Litchfield Co., Conn., May 21, 1811. They have six children, all of whom are living : Henry B., born June 24, 1833 ; is unmarried, and lives with his father. Mary R., born March 25, 1835; was married Nov. 27, 1853, to James A. Potter. Hannah L., born Jan. 17, 1837; was married Feb. 2, 1860, to Francis W. Mastick. Amos B., born Jan. 21, 1839; was married March 21, 18(;i, to Miss Nellie Mastick. John W., born June 30, 1841. During the war of the Rebellion he served as a volunteer for three and a half years in the 15tli Oiiio Battery. He was married Dec. 24, 186G, to Miss Deborah Goldwowl. Frank J., born Sept. 16, 1849; was married Nov. 25, 1872, to Miss Lou Palmer. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer are now nearing their fifty years of married life. Tiieir children are living on fiirms, all within a mile of them. Their grandchil- dren are growing u|) around them, and their declin- ing years are made liajipy and pleasant l)y the satis- faction of knowing that their posterity are worthy citizens of the town of their birth. Upon arriving at the age required in his native State to perform military duty, Mr. Spencer was elected to fill an office in the company to which he belonged, and afterwards received a commission as ensign from Martin \'an Biiren, then Governor of New York, which he held until he remove*! to Ohio. Politically, Mr. Spencer originally belonged to the Democratic Jiarty, but upon the breaking out of the war he became a Jiepublican. Though never seeking the emoliuiienfs of office, yet he has, in years past, filli'd positions of trust in the township with honor and integrity, and is frecjuently consulted by his neighbors and friends, by whom his advice is thought worthy of respect and consideration. ROOKPORT. 505 Tlie chairiuaii of the meeting was Charles Miles; Die judges of election were Asaliel Porter and Datus Kelley. The officers chosen were Henry Alger, Riifus Wright and Erastiis Johnson, trustees; Henry Can- Held, clerk; James Nicholson and Samuel Dean, over- seers of the poor; Benjamin Robinson and Joseph Dean, fence-viewers; Joseph Dean, lister. Tlie first book of townsliip records has been lost, and tlio list of those W'lio liave served the township as trustees, clerks and treasurers, can be given only from 1832 to 1879. For that period it is as follow's: issa. Trustees, Dyer Nichols, Jared Hickeox, Chas. Warner; clerk. Dyer Eaton; treasurer, Calvin Giddings. 1S33. Trustees. Alanson Swan, Dyer Nichols, John B. Robertson; clerk. Geo T. Barnum; treasurer, Ira Cunningham. I.s:i4. Trustees, ^Uanson Swan, Paul G. Burch, James S. Anthony; clerk. Geo. T. Barnum; treasurer, Ira Cunningham. 18.'i5. Trustees, Alanson Swan, Jas. S. Anthony, Jas. Stranahan; clerk, Isaac P. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 1836. Trustees, Jas. S. Anthony, Collins French, Henry Alger; clerk, Isaac P. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease; 18.37. Trustees, Epaphroditus Wells. Joseph Dean, Benjamin Mastic; clerk. Isaac P. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 1S38. Trustees, Joel Deming. Jas. S. Anthony, Guilson Morgan; clerk, Geo. T. Barnum; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 18.3!) Trustees, Obadiah Munn, Israel Kidney, Elial Farr; clerk, Geo. T. Baruum; treasurer, Solomon Pease. l^UO. Trustees, Eliel Farr, Obadiah Munn, Jonathan Plimpton; clerk, Timothy S. Brewster: treasurer. .Solomon Pease. 1841. Trustees, Asia Pease, Dyer Nichols, Israel Kidney; clerk, A. S. Li'wis; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 1842. Trustees, Asia Pease, J. D. Gleason, P. G. Burch; clerk, G. T. Barnum; treasurer, R. Millard. ist:i. Trustees, Ehel Farr, W. D. Bell, John P. Spencer; clerk, Timo- thy S. Brewster; treasurer. Royal Millard. 1844. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, Aurelius Farr, Benjamin Stetson; clerk, Aaron Merchant; treasurer, Kuyal Millard. 1.S45. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, Joseph Leese, Dyer Nichols; clerk, Theophilus Crosby; treasurer, John D. Taylor; 1846. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, John P. Spencer, O. W. Hotchkiss; clerk, Tbeiiphilus Crosby; treasurer, John D. Taylor. 1847. Trustees, Hanford Conger, Aurelius Farr, Jas. Stranahan ; clerk. Royal Millard; treasurer, Benjamin Lowell. 18W. Trustees, Hantord Conger, Chauncey Deming, Benjarain Mas- tick; clerk, G. T. Barnum; treasurer, F. G. Lewis. 1K49. Trustee?, Aurelius Farr. Osborne Case, lienjaniin Mastick, clerk, G. T. Barnum; treasurer, F. G. Lewis. 18,iO. Trustees, Royal Millard, Aurelius Farr, Wm. B. Smith; clerk, G. T. Baruum; treasurer, Truman S. Wood. 1851. Trustees. Aurelius Farr, Thomas Hurd, Jas. Stranahan; clerk, (i. T. Hamuni; treasurer, Isaac Higby. 185'.'. Trustees, Aurelius Farr, Thos. Hurd, J. hn West; clerk, John Barnum; treasurer, Lewis Rockwell. 185:5. Trustees, .lobn P. Spencer, John Freeborn, Chauncey Deming; clerk, John Barnum; treasurer. Horace Dean. 1.S54. Trustees, Frederick Wright, Ezra Bassett, John Blank; clerk, ,lobn Barnum; treasurer, Horace Dean. 1855. Trustees, Edward Hay ward, Ezra Bassett, A. Cleveland ; cleik, .John Barnum; treasurer, Horace Dean. 1856. Trustees, J. T. Storey, Thos. Hurd, Benj. Mastick; clerk, Lu- cius Dean; treasurer, Horace Dean. 1((.'>7. Trustees, John F. Storey, Benjamin Mastick, Obadiah Munn; clerk. Lucius Dean; treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss. 1858. Trustees, John F. Storey, Richard JlcCrary, Lucius Dean : clerk, John Barnum; treasurer, O. \V. Hotchkiss. 1853. Trustees, John F. Storey. ObadiahJMunn, John Farr; clerk, A. M. Wagar. treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss. 1860. Trustees, Thos. Hurd. Benjamin Mastick, James Potter; clerk, Edwin Giddings; treasurer, O. W. Hotclikiss. 1.861. Trustees, Thi.8. Hurd, Geo. Reitz, A. Kyle; clerk, Robert Kleury, treasurer, William Sixt. 1862. Trustees, Thos. Hurd, Geo. Reitz, Wm. Jordon; clerk, A. .M. Wagar; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1863. Trustees, Thos. Hurd. Geo. Reitz, Thos. Morton; clerk, A. M. Wagar; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1864. Trustees, Thos. Hurd, Wm. Tentler, Calvin Pease; clerk, An- drew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1.865. Trustees, Wm. Tentler, Wm. L. Jordon, F. G. Bronson ; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer. Wm. Sixt. 1.866. Trustees, John F. Storey. F. Colbrunn, A. M. Wagar; clerk, John Barnum; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 61 1867. Trustees, Allen Armstrong, F. Colbrunn, Alfred French; clerk John Barnum; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1868. Trustees, Anthony Cline, Lewis Nicholson, John Gahan; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 186!) and 1870. Trustees, John Gahan, Anthony Cline, Geo. W. An- drews; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1871 and 1872. Trustees, John Gahan, Geo. W. Andrews, Henry Southworth; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. IH73. Trustees, G. T. Pease, Geo. W. Andrews, John Gahan; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1874. Trustees, G. T. Pease, Anthony Cline, John Gahan; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1875. Trustees, Anthony Cline, J. W. West, Fred Baker; clerk, O. P. Stafford; treasurer. Wm. Sixt. 1876. Trustees, A. M. Wagar, John \V. West, Anthony Cline; clerk, H. A. Mastick; treasurer. B. F. Phinney. 1877. Trustees, L. A. Palmer, J. W. West, A. M. Wagar; clerk, Edwin Giddiugs; treasurer, B. F. Phinney. 1878 and 18711. Trustees, A. M. Wagar, George Fauchter, Geo. W. Andrews; clerk, E. P. Thompson; treasurer, B. F. Phinney. POST OFFICES. The first postmaster in Rockport was probably a Mr. Goodwin, who, about 1827, kept an office at Rocky river, on the old stage route. In 1829 the stage route was changed so that it passed over " Hog Back Hill," and crossed the river about a mile and a half above the mouth. Then Calvin Giddings, living on Hog Back hill, was appointed postmaster. After a while Giddings moved across the river and took the post office with him. About 1834: the office was re- turned to the mouth of the river, andRufus Wright, who then kept tavern there, was appointed postmas- ter. The office remained at Wright's until about 1852. Abraham, Philip and Frederick, sons of Ru- fus Wright, being successively postmasters there. In 1852 the office was removed a mile south, where Her- man Biirnum kept it a year, being succeeded, in 18.53, by Benjamin Phinney, who kept a store there. He retained the office until his deatli in 18G4. The office was then again returned to tiie moutli of the river, where John Williams was the postmaster until 18C5. Another change then took the office up the river about two miles, to the house of Andrew Kyle, who continued to be the postmaster there until 187o. This year the office was removed northward to the store of B. F. Phinney, who has been tlie incumbent since that time. A post office was again established at Rocky river in 1877, at the Cliff House, with Wil- liam Hall as postmaster. He Avas followed by A. T. Van Tas.scl, and he by James Starkweather; the latter being the present incumbent. Horace Dean, who kept store there, was flie fir.«t postmaster at East Rockport. After his time the incumbents have been 0. W. Hotclikis.8, William B. Smith, Jacob Tagardine, Adam Wagar and Josepli Howe, the latter being the postmaster during tlie present year, 1879. ROCKPORT MEXnODIST EPI.SCOPAL CHlKCIf. The Methodists residing in Rockport, on the west side of the river, enjoyed irregular worship in school- houses and private residences until 1847, when a house of worship was erected about a mile and a iialf west of the mouth of Rocky river. The fir.^t clas.« was organized in 1828. Willijim Jordan wa.s the 506 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. leader; the other members being Dyer Eaton, Mrs. Mary Jordan, Whiting, • Bennett, Philena Alger, Sarah Doty, Polly Jordan and Sallie Usher. The organization took place in William Jordan's log cabin, and there worshijj was held for some time after- ward. The first preacher was Rev. Henry 0. Sheldon, a most industrious laborer in the moral vineyard. Upon the erection of the church building, in 1847, the trustees were John D. Taylor, John Barnes, Henry Ranch, Benjamin Lowell and Sidney Lowell. The church membership is now fifty. The leader is C. S. (liddings, who is also the secretary of the society. The present trustees are S. H. Brown, Mark Able, C. S. Giddings, F. McMahon, Ira Bnrlingame, C. N. Wise and Charles Cuddeback. The present pastor is liev. John McKean. BAPTIST CHURCH. This body was organized May 37, 1832, with the following members: Gideon Watrous, Royal Millard, Jolin Dike, Fanny Watrous, Amelia Robinson, Sarah Herrington, Anna Millard, Lydia Dike and Fannie M. Nichols. In 1838 a dissension arose, when several members withdrew and organized a new church on the opposite, or west, side of the river. The dissenters engaged Rev. Moses Ware as a settled minister, but their sepa- rate organization lasted only a short time. About 1842 they returned to the mother church. The latter received from 1832 to 1847 one hundred and twenty-five members, but in the last named year the congregation had so far declined in strength that regular worshij) was abandoned. A further lapse of two years, failing to disclose any .lenewed vitality, the few remaing members met on the 20th of February, 1850, and formally voted to dissolve the organization. A commodious meeting-house had been erected by the society, being completed in June, 1846. This house of worship — ^long known as " the Tabernacle" — has, since 1850, been given over to free public use for re- ligious worship, public entertainments, etc., and has for many years been in active demand, especially on Sabbath days. The Baptists gathered from time to time, after 1850, for worship in the tabernacle, and had frequent preaching about 1860 and afterwards, but no reorganization of the church has been effected. PIHST CONGKEGATIONAL CHUECH. This church was organized in 1835, but very little can be said touching its early history. Its existence was limited to a few years, and the records of those years are lost. The church was revived and reorganized, however, on the 24th of July, 1859, when Benjamin Mastick, Russell Hawkins, Lydia Hawkins, Louisa Trisket, Mary C. Kinney, Silas Gleason, Labrina Gleason, Andrew Kyle and Susannah Kyle comprised the num- ber who were received into membership. The first deacons under the reorganization were Ezra Bassett and Silas Gleason, and the first pastor was Rev. N. Cobb. His successors were Revs. J. B. Allen, E. T. Fowler, 0. W. White and E. H. Yotaw, the latter being the pastor in charge in July 1, 1879, when the membership was thirty-five. In October, 1869, the church dissolved the con- nection which it had previously maintained with the Presbyterian organization, and was taken into the Sul- livan, Ohio, Congregational Association. The church building now in use was erected in 1861. The pres- ent trustees are L. A. Palmer, William Andrews, and A. Barter; the deacons, William Andrews and A. Barter; the clerk, B. Bartei-. THE FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. A Free Will Baptist church was organized in Rock- port about 1840, and in 1843 included the following members: Obadiah Munn and wife, John Warren and wife, Jeremiah Gleason and wife, Joseph Coon and wife, Prosser Coon and wife, J. M. Plimjiton and wife, Thomas Alexander and wife, Israel Kidney and wife, James Kidney and wife, Sarah and Joseph Hall. Elder Reynolds, the first minister, preached until about 1847. He was succeeded by Elder Prentiss but afterward returned and preached a second term. After him Elders Beebe, Pelton and others supplied the pulpit. After worshiping in school-houses un- til 1846, the congregation built a church on Hilliard avenue, opposite where the Good Templar's Hall now stands. At no time very prosperous, the society de- clined materially in strength for two or three years previous to 1858, and in that year was dissolved. Tiie The church building served until 1877 as a place of worship for various denominations, when it was pur- chased by Mr. F. Wagar, who removed it to his farm and converted it into a store-house. ROCKY RIVER CHRISTIAN MISSION (DISCIPLE). This was not regularly organized until January 5, 1879, although a house of worship was built in the winter of 1877 and '78 and dedicated June 16, 1818. The original members were James Cannon and wife, J. C. Cannon and wife, William Southern and wife, Joseph Southern and wife, Peter Bower, Miss Ella Woodbury, Miss Lou AtweJl. James Cannon was chosen trustee; and Elder J. C. Cannon, who was the first preacher, continues to occup}' that relation. The membershii) on the 1st day of July, 1879, was thirty-seven. FIRST NEW JERUSALEM (SWEDENBORGIAN) CHURCH. Previous to 1841 there were several families of the Swedenborgian faith in Rockport, James Nicholson and Mars Wagar being leading believers. Rev. M. McCarr, of Cincinnati, was invited to come out and form a church, which he did on the 4th of September, 1841, in a school-house near Rocky river. Tiie first members were W. D. Bell and wife, Osborne Case, James Nicholson and wife, I. D. Wagar and wife, Delia Paddock, A. M. Wagar, Boadicea and Diantha LEWIS NICHOLSON. The ancestors of tin's gentleman were from Massa- chusetts, and removed in the early part of this cen- tury to the unsettled country of tiie West. Hailing from a State that early had the reputation of produc- ing men of education and culture, in removing to other localities they carried the same characteristics with them. Our subject's father, James, was born at Chatham, Barnstable Co., Mass., April 16, 1783. When four years of age his father changed his resi- dence to Connecticut. Arriving at the age of manhood he emigrated to Trumbull Co., Ohio, where he was married, May 5, 1812, to Miss Betsey Bartholomew, who was born at Waterbury, Conn., Nov. 9, 1793. In 1818 he removed to Rockport, Cuyahoga Co. At that time there was but one house between his residence and the west bank of the Cuyahoga River. He was engaged in agricultural pursuits, and ended a peaceful life Nov. 11, 1859. His wife survived him ne:irly a score of years, but departed this life Jail. 8, 1879. Lewis, the second son of the above couple, was born in tiie town of his father's adoption, Feb. 6, 1820. His education was limited to what could be procured at the public schools, with two terms passed at an academy located at Kirtiaud, Lake Co., Ohio. After leaving school he determined to devote himself to the vocation in life pursued by his father, and ac- cordingly purchased a farm of one hundred acres in Rockport, which is the same on which he now re- sides. In 1850 he embarked in the nursery business in connection with farming, and has given much at- tention to that branch ever since. Mr. Nicholson has been twice married. Sept. 8, 1840, he married Adelaide, daughter of Adnah Van Horn, of Rockport. She was born May 11, 1820, at Providence, R. I.; for nearly a quarter-century she was his companion, but passed away Dec. 10, 1870. Becoming tired of his lonely life, he married, Sept. 1, 1874, Miss Amanda Sears, a native of Dela- ware Co., N. Y., who was born Feb. 29, 1828. Republican in politics, Mr. Nicholson has been called l)y his fellow-citizens a number of times to fill local offices. lu religious belief he is an earnest follower of the doctrines of Swedenborg, and is a member of that church. Mr. Nicholson is one of the true sons of the soil, whci in all things is conscientious and unpretending, and not ambitious above his vocation in life, in which he has had a full measure of success. ROCKPORT. 507 Thayer, James Newman, Jane E. Jolinson, Susanna Pai'shall, Mars Wagar and wife, James Coolaban ami wife, Asa Dickinson and wife, Richard Hooper and wife, JIatilda Wagar, Mary Bcrthong and John Hcrry. The first trustees wore W. D. Bell, James Nichol- son and I. I). Wagar. The first ordained minister was Rev. Richard Hooper who had been a Methodist preacher in Rockport, and who is said to have been suddenly converted, at a camp meeting, to the new faitii. He was ordained directly after the organiza- tion just mentioned, and labored vigorously four years as the pastor. Succeeding him the ordained minis- ters have been Revs. W. G. Day (who preached ten years), L. P. Mercer, D. Noble, John Saal, and Geo. L. Stearns, the present incumbent, who was ordained in 1876. The church membership now numbers about forty. The society worshiped in the Rocky River school- house until 1848, when the present house of worship (remodeled and improved in 18T8) was built. The trustees now are Ezra Nicholson, A. M. Wagar and Alfred French. Incidental to the religious experience of James Nicholson and Mars Wagar it is said that upon their awakening to- the new faith they, with their wives, rode in a two-horse wagon all the way to Wooster to be bajitizcd into the church. i>i:ti;oit sthket mktiiodist epfscopal cniucn. About 1850 a small band of "Bible Christians" used to worship occasionally in the Free Will Baptist church and continued to do so for three or four years. The first class contained sixteen members: its leader being Mark Tagardiue. Rev. Richard Roach, of Cleveland, used to come out and preach for them, as did others whose names cannot now be recalled. Members of the denonunation known as the United Brethren also had meetings in the Bajjtist church at that time, and after the Bilile Christians discontinued worshij), the Wesleyean Methodists formed a class with Mark Tagardine as the leader. Their first min- ister was Rev. ^Ir. Crooks. Later, the Wesleyans gave i)lace to a Methodist Episcopal class of twenty members and of that, too, Mark Tagardine was chosen leader; the Rev. Mr. Jewett of Berea ))reachiug the first sermon. A church edifice known as the Detroit Street M. E. C'hurch was built in 18TC, at which time Rev. Mr. JfcCaskie was the pastor. After him Rev. Wm. Warren took charge. The present mcmbersliip is one hundred and twcnty-fi\e. The class leaders arc James Primat, .lohn Webb, Stephen Hntchins and Mark Tagardine, and the trustees are Archibald Webb, James Bean, Jos. Parsons and Peter Clam]iet. ST. Patrick's (catholic) ciiriti h. This church, which has a house of worsi:ip in the southern jiart of Rockport, is an Irish Catholic organ- ization. Previous to 1852 its members were able to enjoy only irregular service. In that year the church building now used was dedicated by Bishop Rappe, at wjiich time about thirty families were included in the congregation. The priest first placed in charge was Rev. Lewis Filiere, who also preached at Olmstead Falls and Berea. He served about ten 3'ears and was followed by Rev. Fathers Miller, Ludwig, Ilyland, Quigley, O'Brien and Kuhbler. Father Kuhbler, the present incumbent, has charge also of the German Catholic church of Rockport. The church of St. Patrick is moderately prosperous and has a congrega- tion of sixty families. GKRJIAN EVANGELICAL cniKCn. In 1851 Rev. Philip Stcmple, a preacher of Bright- on, was invited to visit Rockport and to organize a German Protestant church, about fifteen families be- ing anxious to join the proposed organization. Mr. Stcmple organized the church and for fifteen years afterward preached in a school-house, once in three weeks, to the German Protestants of Rockport. By 1867 the organization had grown quite strong and numerous, and in that year a commodious brick church was built at a cost of about $5,000, besides labor contributed by the members of the society. Rev. Franz Schreck, from Wisconsin, was the first pastor after the completion of the church. The pres- ent pastor is Rev. Wm. Locher and the congregation contains about thirty families. The first trustees of the church were Peter Reitz, William Mack and Annacher. The present trustees are Henry Broudes, Frederick Brnnner and George Zimmer. THE GERMAN METHODIST CHURCH. This was organized in 1847, and in 1851 the pres- ent church edifice was built. Valentine Gleb was the first class-leader, and William Mack, John Mack and Henr'y Dryer were the first trustees. Between 1847 and 1851, Revs. Messrs. John and Klein were the preachers, and a school-house was the place of wor- ship. After the building of the church the preachers were Rev. Messrs. Raldaff, Reicher, Berg, Weber, Detter, G. Nachtripp, Reiter, C. Nachtripp, Biihden- banm, Heidmeyer, Snyder, Nuffer, Nast and Borger- deng. Latterly the church organization lias lost much of its membership and has for some time been without regular preaching. The present trustees are Valentine Gleb, Jacob Knopf, Henry Dryer, Michael Neuchter, and Bartlett Stocker. \'alcntiue Gleb, who was in 1847 the first class-leader, still fills that office, in which he has served uninterruptedly since 1852. CHl'KCH OF THE ASCENSION (EPISCOPAL). This edifice which bears tlie above name, is a chapel of Trinity parish of Cleveland. It was opened for worship ill 1875, and was consecrated on Ascension Day, 1879, by Bishop Bedell. Rev. J. W. Brown, D.D., of Trinity, is the rector, and Mr. Charles P. Ranney, of Cleveland, is the lay reader in charge. The 508 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. communicauts number sixteen, and the attendants about fifty. ST. Mary's (catholic) church. This German Catholic organization worships in a fine brick church edifice in tlie German settlement, close to the southern line of the township. The first church building, a plain framed structure, was com- pleted in 185i, when about fourteen families attended services. The congregation includes now thirty- three families. Fathers Graessner, Kuhn, Miller and Kuhbler, with others, have served the church since its organization. The brick edifice, now in use, was built in 1867, at a cash cost of about ?>8,000, — al- though its actual value — by reason of volunteer labor, was much more. The present trustees are George Betts, Jacob Ammersback and Mehurad Nicholas. The officiating priest is Father Kuhbler. One of the earliest school masters — although he scarcely merited the dignified appellation of teacher — was Jonathan Parshall, a house-carpenter, who lived on a small piece of land adjoining Mars Wagar. He was not over intelligent, nor was he an especially iii- dustrious citizen, but it appears that he considered himself fitted to instruct the tender youth and in the year 1829 taught a few scholars in the back part of Mr. Wagar's house. The neighborhood tradition is that Parshall was a de'cidedlypobr teacher, and that his experience in that line lasted but a few weeks. In 1830 a log school-house was, built nearly opposite where Ezra Nicholson now livcSj in which the first teacher was a lady from Olmstead. The brick struct- ure which replaced the log house not long afterwards, is now used by Walter Phelps as a dwelling. Eockport now enjoys an excellent and liberal sys- tem of public education. There is a special school district which extends from Eocky river east to the township line, and is composed chiefly of residents on Detroit street. This district manages its own school affairs under the act of 1871, and has three fine brick school-buildings. One contains a graded school, for which a new house, to cost S6,000, is to be com- lileted by January 1, 1880. The other two buildings together cost at least $7,000. The average daily at- tendance at the three schools is one hundred and sixty, and the amount raised for school support in 1879 was $3,000. Apart from this special district, the amount raised for the support of township schools in 1879 was $1,900. The township contains eight school-houses (seven of them being of brick) valued at $19,500. The total number of children of school age is six hundred and thirty-three. societies, etc. The Eockford Christian Temperance Union, which was organized in 1878, has since then been doing good work, and now is in a flourishing condition with thirty members. The officers are S. H. Brown, president; James Potter, Mrs. S. H. Brown and Mrs. H. Crossley, vice presidents; iliss L. Jordan, secre- tary; Mrs. J. W. Spencer, treasurer; Miss Annie Hutton, corresponding secretary. The business meet- ings are heldjn the Methodist Church, on the west side of the river. There is a similar organization on the east side of the river known as the Temperance Sunday School. Meetings are held each Sabbath in the tabernacle, and the members are very zealous in behalf of the temperance cause. The organization is under the direction of a managing committee. Strong temper- ance movements were set on foot in Eockport in 1867, and resulted in the organization of two lodges of Good Templars, which after a brief era of prosperity ceased to exist in 1873. THE FRUIT interest. Fruit growing is one of the most important and remunerative industries in Eockport. The region especially devoted to it is that contiguous to Detroit street between the township line and Eocky river, whence large supplies of all the kinds of fruit raised in this climate are annually conveyed to the Cleveland market. Dr. J. P. Kiitland was one of the earliest, if not theeaiiiest, to engage to any extent in fruit culture in Eockport, setting put a number of various kinds of trees in 1850, Not long afterward Lewis and Ezra Nicholson and others began a liberal cultivation of fruit. The business developed rapidly and in a short time assumed considerable proportions along the line of Detroit street, and engaged the attention of all the dwellers upon that thoroughfare. According to the published statistics, the value of fruit sent to Cleveland from Detroit street in 18G7 was $10,000, while in 1872 it was no less than 150,000. Fruit culture is by no means a losing busi- ness elsewhere in the township, but the peculiar char- acteristics of the soil on the northern ridge makes that the most profitable locality. BURIAL places. The first graveyard laid out by white settlers in Eockport occupied the site of the Cliflf House. Here, it is said, were buried the bodies of a number of sail- ors drowned off the "point" in 1812. Henry Alger was buried there as was also Daniel Miner, two of the pioneers, but their bodies were afterward removed elsewhere. Traces of this burial ground remained until the erection of the Cliff House obliterated them. The burying ground on Detroit street was laid out about 1840, and among the first to be buried there were Mrs. Sarah Ann Brewster and an unknown man who was found dead in the woods — supposed to have been murdered. Eockport now has several cemeter- ies, many of which are very neatly kept and beauti- fully adorned. ^^ .^ ^.^ oc^-z^ ROCKPORT. 509 Tliree Hues of railway, tlic Lake Slioreancl Michigan Sunt liern, the Cleveland, Colnnibus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis and the Rocky River Railroads, traverse Kdckport, the two former passing diagonally across it from northeast to southwest, and tlie latter, run- ning due west from the township line to Rocky river, one of its termini. This latter road was built to accommodate the tide of i)leasure hunters which flows in great volume in the summer season to Rocky river and to the lake shore in that vicinity, i It is also a very great convenience to people residing along its line, and from them derives no inconsiderable part of its support. M.\XUFA( TIHKS. The manufacturing interests of Rockjjort arc very few. William JIaile on Detroit street began in 1861 to numufacture drain tile and common brick. The brick business he soon gave up, but for seven years after 1861, he made about three hundred thousand drain tile annually. In 1869 he resumed the manu- facture of brick, in connection with the tile business, and at present — in June, 1879 — he is nuiking drain tile and Penfield pressed brick, employing three hands. Mr. .liihn \V. Spencer is extensively occupied in the western part of Rockport in the manufacture of tile and brick, in which he engaged in 1874:, with his brother, F. J. Spencer. The latter retiring in 1877, ,1. W. Spencer has since carried on the business alone, lie employs four men, and manufactures annually two liundred thousaiul drain tile and one hnndred thousand brick. ISRAEL D. WAGAR. Mars Wager was a son of Peter and Lucy Wagar, and was born in Saratoga county. New York on the 23d day of September, 1791. He was well educated having studied at the academies at Lansingburg and Troy, New York, being not only proficient in math- ematics, but also well versed in several languages. In 1813 he removed to Piielps, Ontario county. New York, where he was married on the 31st of December, 1816, to Katurah, daughter of Adam and Anna Mil- ler, a native of New Jersey, born July 13, 1794. Two years after his marriage he emigrated west and finally settled in Rockport in November, 1820, where he be- came one of the most enterprising settlers. He re- sided there until his death, which occurred on the 30th day of August, 1841. He was not an aspirant for political honors, but was a staunch Whig in the jiolitical contests of those days. He was a leader in the Swedenborgian church, and was much esteemed as a man and a Christian. lie left a widow who still survives, being now in her eighty-fifth year, and a family of six children. Israel D. Wagar, the second child and son, had then just attained his majority, having been born in Avon, then called Troy, Lorain county, on the 21st day of February, 1820. His early life was passed like that of most of the sons of pioneer families, in assisting to clear off the heavy timbered land, and converting it into a productive farm. Being prevented by reason of his father's limited means, from receiv- ing a classical education, he obtained such as could be procured at the district schools, together with a short academic course, the whole supplemented by very thorough self-culture. On arriving at the age of manhood he traveled in the West and South teaching school and familiarizing himself with the manners and customs of the people of those sections. Return- ing after a time to his home in Rockport, he turned his attention to farming and fruit growing, which, in connectiouwith buying and selling real estate, have been his occupations since that time. Through his own industry, perseverance, foresight and economy, aided in all respects by his most estimable wife, he has accumulated wealth sufficient for all his wants, and now enjoys in comfort the fruits of his labors. In 1876 his love of travel and desire for informa- tion ao-ain took him from his home, this time to Great Britain and the continent of Europe. He re- mained abroad several months, not traveling merely as a siHit-seer, but filling his mind by close observation with useful knowledge of those countries and their inhabitants. On the 1st day of Januaiy, 1843, Mr. Wagar was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Michael and Isa- bella Pile, who was born in Wayne county, Ohio, Sep- tember 7, 1822. They have had eight children, whose names and the dates of whose birth are as follows: Laura M., born October 12, 1843, now the wife of Dr. C. D. Ashley, of Meadville, Pennsylvania; Adah I., born March 14, 1846, now the wife of M. G. Browne, a lumber dealer in Cleveland; John M., born August 1, 1848, at present engaged in trade in Texas; Jessie A., born January 31, 1851, now the wife of George E. Loveland, paymaster of the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad; George E., born April 26, 1853; Alta E., born September 3, 1855; Caroline D., born May 9, 1858, and Charles Willard. born October 27, 1860. The four last named arc still living at home. Born and brought up in the Whig parly, Mr. Wa- gar voted and acted with them until 1856, when he joined the Democrats, and has since co-operated with them, filling numerons town offices, including that of justice of the peace. Mr. Wagar is a type of the American farmer, con- servative in his ideas and opinions, a close observer of human nature, possessing shrewdness, good judgment and business tact, by means of T,hich he has jdaced himself and family beyond the reach of want. At the same time he is fully recognized in the commu- nity where he lives as an excellent parent, neighbor and citizen. His religious faith, like that of all the rest of the Wagar family, is Swedenborgian. but is broad, liberal and comprehcusive. 510 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER LXXXIV. HOYALTOUr. Boundaries, etc.— First Settlers— Mr. C'larli— Robert Engle— An Aged Emigrant— T. and H. Francis— John Coales— Jonathan Bunker— C. A. Stewart— John Ferris— Boaz Granger— John B. Stewart — A Large Ac- cession—David and Kniglit Sprague— Royal Tyler's Store— The Tows- leys and Nortons— York Street— Mills— First Marriage— Going to Mill underDifficulties— Early Taverns— Civil Organization— Origin of Name —First Officers- List of Principal Officers- Post Office— Ro.yalton Cen- ter—First Baptist Church— Free Will Baptist Church— The Disciple Church— The Methndist Church— St. Mary's Church— Schools— Early Teachers— Present Condition of Schools— Cheese-making, etc.— Em- pire Lodge— Cemeteries. KoYALTON, noted at one time as a vei'y important dairy township, and still of consideral)le consefjnence in that respect, consists of a valuable farming region and contains a community of prosperous people. It is survey townsliip number five in range thirteen of the Western Reserve and is bounded on the north by Parma, on the south by Medina county, on the east by Brecksville and on the west by Strongsville. The east branch of Rocky river, which is there but a small stream, flows across the southwest corner of the town- ship, and although still smaller water courses are plentiful yet mill-power is very scarce. Tiie only village is Royalton Center, which is a small place, but is very picturesquely located. Agri- cultural and daii'y products arc the sujiport of the people, and tlicy furnish a good subsistence. Excel- lent building stone is found in at least two quarries, but tlie lack of railway facilities limits the stone mar- ket to a circuit near home. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first white settlement upon the territory of Royalton was made in 1811 by a Mr. Clark, who, after making a clearing, brought his family in and located upon section twenty-five, in the southeastern corner of the township, on a tract now occupied by II. A. Carter, a son of Clark's ■widow by her mari'iage to Lewis Carter. Clark must have died witliin a few years after making a settlement, for in 1816 Carter married the widow and took up his residence on the Clark place. Lorenzo — a son born of this latter union — was the first white male cliild born in the townshi]). On the -M of June, 1810, Robert Engle with his family and his father-in-law, John She])ard, arrived from the State of New York and settled u])on section fourteen, about a half mile south of the center. This was the first settlement after Clark's, whose family remained for five years the only white occupants of the township. Mr. Engle's father-in-law, Mr. John Siiepard, had served in his youth as an attendant on a Prencii officer at the time of the Braddock campaign and was present at the memorable defeat of that gen- eral. He claimed to be eighty-seven years old when he moved to Royalton with Robert Engle, at whose house he died in 1847. The inscription upon his tombstone fixes his age at one hundred and eigiiteeu years, nine months and eighteen days. Robert Engle, who was famous as a luintcr and trapper, died in Roy- alton. One of his daughters married Simeon Enos, who lives upon the old place. Thomas and Henry Francis, brothers, settled in 1816 on adjoining farms a half mile north of the cen- ter. The Francis brothers lived in Royalton useful and honored men and died on the farms where they had first settled. Rhoda Francis, born in 1816, was the first white child to see the light of day in Royal- ton. In December, 1816, John Coates (popularly known in Royalton as Uncle Jacky Coates), settled with liis family upon section twenty-oae, where he built at first a house of round logs, which he replaced a year or so afterward with a double log house. Tlie latter was put up by Boaz Granzer, who took his pay in laud. Mr. Coates, who came from Genesee, New York, owned about thirty-five hundred acres of land in Royalton, which is yet known as the Coates' tract, and which he sold out as settlers required. The house built by Granger for Coates was the first one in the township supplied with a cellar, and was regarded as an eminently aristocratic mansion. Mr. Coates' son, John, came out with his father, and in the following spring another son, diaries, also came with his family. Catharine (daughter of John Coates, Jr.,) was the second female child born in Royalton, where she still lives as Catharine Tcachout. In 1817, Jonathan Bunker, from the State of New York, located upon section eleven, where he had re- ceived a tract of one hundred and fifty acres from Gideon Granger in exchange for one of fifty acres near Palmyra, New York, his former home. Mr. Bunker belonged to a historical family which gave its name to the celebrated Bunker Hill. Two of his uncles had also participated in the battle fought on Breed's Hill, to which the former name has been given, where one was killed and the other wounded. Ephraim Moody, a neighbor iu New York, accom- panied Bunker to the West. The journey was made in a sleigh drawn by a pair of liorses, of which each owned one. Moody stopped short of Royalton, leav- ing Bunker to go on alone. The latter reached his newly acquired property in the morning, and by night he had put up a shanty. During the following eight months he labored there alone, clearing and cultivat- ing his land, and when at the end of that time his family came out, they found a comfortable log house and crops well advanced. Mr. Bunker, during his solitary exiicrience, used to be frequently troubled by wild beasts, and more than once his shanty, which was always open, re- ceived marauding visits from bears. He was, how- ever, a fearless man, and far from being frightened away by the bears and wolves; lie hunted and trapped them with great success. He was an expert ropemaker, and for some time, during his early days in Royalton, supplied Cleveland with about all the white rope used there. For its manufacture he used flax raised upon his farm, and also hemp purchased from Mr. Wed- dell, of Cleveland. Mr. Bunker also had a nursery KOYALTON. 511 % of four hundred apple trees, from which many of the ])rescnt orcliards of Royalton wore supplied. Uc had a faniilj' of nine children, and died in 1844, aged eiii'lity-tvvo. Clianncey A. Stewart settled in tlie autumn of ISK) ui)ou section four, the plaee being now owned by bi.s son, T, H. Stewart. Mr. Stewart was a famous Ininter and trapper, and one may still hear many stories of his adventurous exploits in search of bears and other large game. John Ferris settled in the townsiiip in Decern' er, 181G, and about the same time Solomon and Elias Keys, both from the State of N(>w York, became members of tiie new commu- nity. Boaz Granger, of whom mention has already been made, came out in 1817. He was a neighbor of Jonatlian Bunker in New York, and when he came to lioyalton, boarded awhile at the house of the latter. As before stated, he purchased land of John Coates on section eleven, and in part payment built him a house and barn, the latter structure being the first framed building erected in Royalton. In the summer of 1817 Samuel Stewart settled u|H)n the State road on section fifteen, where his son, J(din B. Stewart, now lives. Tlie latter, now aged eighty-eight, has always been one of the most promi- nent men in the township, and in his old age, looks with satisfaction upon the record of a busy and honorable life. lie was a land surveyor in his younger days, and for many years was the agent of (iideon Granger for his Royalton land. He was the tirst clerk of Royalton, was chosen a justice of tlie peace, with Lewis Carter, in August, 1819, and long- served the township in various public capacities. Mr. Stewart is the only one now living of those who voted at the first township election, in 1818. In the winter of 1817 and spring of 1818, the settlement was very decidedly increased by the arrival of Eliphalet Towsley, David Sprague, Francis How, Abial Cushman, Warren, Parley Austin, John Smith, Israel Sawyer, David Hier, Clallin, Hayes, Knight Sprague and Benjamin Boyer. 'I'owsley settled in the southwest, where his son James had a short time before made a clearing. James re- lumed to New York after his father came, and attended school a year. He tlien came back to Roy- alton and settled near the center, but subsef|nently removed to Brooklyn, where he died in 18 1 9. Eliph- alet Towsley resided in Royalton until his death. David and Knight Sprague, brothers, were from .Royalton, Vermont. Knight Sprague was blind, having, it is said, lost his sight while working as a blacksmith in the cast. He was, however, a remark- ably energetic man, and was thought by his neigh- bors to be able to discern the situation of objects almost as well as many who were blessed with perfect eyes. He built the first town-hall owned by Royal- ton, took an active part in all affairs of the time, and died on the place on which he first settled. An early township record sets forth the fact that 5Ir. Sprague was chosen fence-viewer in 1821, but how the blind man managed to " view " the fences the record fails to state. David Sprague settled upon section five, whence he afterwards removed to Middle- burg, where he died. John Smith was also from Vermont, and located on section seven. He was killed in 1823 by the fall of a tree. John Hier and his brother David located near the Strongsville line. The former died in Hinckley and the latter upon his farm at Bennett's Corners. In 1818 the new'comers included Henry Hudson, a doctor, farmer and Bajjtist preacher, James Baird, Asa and Samuel Norton, Kersina and John Watkins, Smith Ingersolls and 0. C. Gordon. Mr. Baird, who was one of Jonathan Bunker's neighbors in New York, married the oldest daughter of the latter and located on section eleven, adjoining Bunker's ])lace. He afterward moved a mile farther south, and about 1827 went to Lorain county. Settlements began to be made at the center about 1827, in which year Royal Tyler opened a store in a ten by twelve log-house. He afterward removed to Brooklyn, and was succeeded in the store bv his brother Benjamin, who also ]>racticod the healing art. He now resides in Brooklyn. William and James Towsley were early settlers at the center, as was also a Mr. Bostwick. Kersina and John Watkins located near the center, but tlie former soon died, and the latter then moved out of tlie township. Asa Norton bought land of John Coates on section twelve, and paid for it by daily labor. The only time he could devote to his own farm was the nights and the Sundays, and these he never failed to use to the utmost extent possible. Samuel Norton who was a teamster at times between Cleveland and Medina, settled upon section eleven. Both Nortons resided in Royalton until they died. Smith Ingalls lived on a farm adjoining David Sprague's, and there died after a well spent and active life. He was the first postmaster in Royalton, and frequently served in townshi]) offices. " York " street was laid out about 1828, when one Briggs and William Ferris built there, followed a year or two afterward by William Gibson, John Mar- cellus, Page Claflin, John Tompkins, James Bunker and George Abrams. Samuel (iibson built a steam sawmill in the west, and not long afterward William Thomas and James Goss built another one in that vicinity, the presence of a belt of fine timiier making the timber business quite profitable. Harvey Edgar- ton built a steam sawmill in the south-cast, about 1830, at which time that part of the township first began to receive settlers to any extent. The earliest residents there were Sardis and Harvey Edgarton, Barton Brown, Mr. Akins, John Edgarton, Lewis Jliller, Otis Billings and others. Abner S. Beales settled in 1821 near the Center, next to Robert Engle. He lived there four years, and in 1825 removed to Parma. 'f 512 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. EARLY INCIDEXTS. The first maiTiage iu Ro3altou was that of Asa Nor- ton to Lore}' Bunker. The ceremony, wliich was per- formed by " Squire " J. B. Stewart, was the maiden effort in that line of the newly-chosen justice. Going to mill in the pioneer days was a disagreea- ble necessity, for there were none nearer than Vaughn's log gristmill, where Berea now stands, and the way to it was through a dense wilderness. Free- man Bunker, now a resident of Eoyalton, related how, when a boy, he used occasionally to set out for Vaughn's mill with three bushels of corn across his horse's back. By a peculiar arrangement, the like of which we have never observed before in the history of j)ioneer milling, Vaughn always went himself, or sent somebody, half way to meet such persons as had noti- fied him that they would have a grist for his mill. Young Bunker used to send the rc((uisite notice be- forehand, and then, after struggling tlirough the woods and underbrush to the place where he expected to meet Vaughn, would call out loudly, when the worthy miller would usually appear and take the grist away with him. Sometimes, however, owing to the vague character of the road, the lad or the miller failed to find the appointed spot, when the former would be compelled to roam around the woods a long time before finding the other end of this singular transportation line. Mr. Bunker relates that he was fre({uently followed by wolves during his trips to the mill and elsewhere,, and that troops of them were common s])ectacles; but the craven creatures never made serious onslaughts save upon such small game as happened to be exposed to their attacks. Bear hunts, organized njjou an ex- tensive plan, occasionally called nearly all the resi- dents of the township into service, but excursions after deer, turkeys, etc., were too common to attract any attention. It is said that there was not a single framed dwell- ing house in Eoyalton, until 1837, when Jonathan Bunker erected one. The first Fourth of July cele- bration was held in 1831, and was attended by the usual jollification customary on such events at that day. Francis How is said by some to have kept at the center the first tavern opened in Eoyalton, but this opinion is disputed by others, who claim that the first Boniface was Charles Coates, who kept on the State road, on the site of Asper's hotel, north of the center. OKGANIZATIOJS^. Previous to 1818 Eoyalton was a jiart of the civil township of Brecksvilie, but on the 27th day of Octo- ber, 1818, the county commissioners ordered that "township number five, iu range thirteen, be set off into a separate township with the name of Eoyalton." It is said tliat Knight Sprague, the blind man before mentioned, was anxious to name the township in honor of his own native town of Eoyalton, in Ver- mont: and it is further said that he paid a gallon of whisky for the privilege, but to whom does not ap- pear. Doubtless it was distributed at a meeting of the "sovereigns" assembled to determine on a name. The first township) election was held at the house of Eobert Engle, November 9, 1818, at which time the following officers were chosen: .John B. Stewart, clerk; David Sprague, Francis How and Elias Keys, trustees; Benjamin Boyer, fence-viewer; Francis How and Elias Keys, appraisers of property; Eobert En- gle and Elias Keys, supervisors of highways; Abial Cushman, constable; Chauncey A. Stewart, treas- urer; Eobert Engle and David Sprague were the judges of the election, and Chauncey A- Stewart was the chairman. The first election for justices of the peace was held in 1819, when John B. Stewart and Sam'l Norton were chosen. The election was set aside, however, on the ground of illegality, and at a new election John B. Stewart and Lewis Carter were duly elected justices. Their commissions were dated August 10, 1819. We give herewith a list of the names of the persons who have served as trustees, clerks and treasurers of Eoyalton from its organiza- tion to 1879. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 1818. Trustees, David Sprague, Francis How, Elias Keys; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, C. A. Stewart. 1819. Trustees, Lewis Carter, David Sprague, Jonathan Bunlier; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, C. A. Stewart. 1830. Trustees, Lsrael Sawyer, Isaac Isham, Sam'l Norton, Jr. ; clerk, J. B. Stewart: treasurer. Parley Austin. 1821. Trustees, Eliphalet Towsley, Israel Sawyer, James Bird; cleik, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, Parley Austin. 1822. Trustees, Jonathan Bunker, John Ferris, John Smith; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin. 1823. Trustees, Parley Austin, Francis How, Elias Keys; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin. 1824. Trustees, Sam'l Norton, Ezra Leonard, C. A. Stewart; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin. 1825. Trustees, Boaz Granger, Ezra Leonard, Smith In^alls; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin. 182tj. Trustees, Suiilh Ingalls, Ezra Leonard, John Ferris; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, P. Austin. 1827. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, Jas. Towsley, John Watkins; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, John W'atkins. 1828. Trustees, Jas. Towsley, Smith Ingalls, James W. Wild ; clerk, John B. Stewart; treasurer, Thos. Francis. 1829. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, Edward Scofield, Smith Ingalls; clerk, John Coates 3rd ; treasurer, Thomas Francis. 1830 and 1831. Trustees, Edward Scofield, W. D. Eastman, R. K Towsley; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, Thos. Francis. I8;i2. Trustees, C. Brunson, Wm. Teachout, Zara Sarles; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, John B. Davis. 18:S3. Trustees. Francis How, John Coates, Jr., Isaac Isham, Jr.: clerk. James Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis. 1834. Trustees, John Coates, Jr., Ebenezer Bostwick, John B. Stew- art; clerk, Jas. Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis. 1835. Trustees, O. C. Gordon, Harvey Edgarton, Eliphalet Towsley; clerk, James Towsley ; treasurer, Francis How. 18:36 and 1837. Trustees, O. U. Gordon, Harvey Edgarton, J. B. Stew- art; clerk, Jas. Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis. 1838. Trustees, J. B. Stewart. O. C. Gordon, William Teachout; clerk, Jas. Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis. 18.39. Trustees, J. B.Stewart, Robert Wilkinson.lWm. Teachout; clerk, Jas. Towsley; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. 1840. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, J. B. Stewart, Smith Ingalls: clerk, EUphalet Towsley ; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. 1811. Trustees, Smith Ingills, John Coats, Francis Bark; clerk, Eliph- alet Towsley ; treasurer, O. C. Go.-don. 1813. Trustees, Smith Ingalls, Edwin Wilcox, Wm. Ferris; clerk, Eliph- alet Towsley; trei-iurer, O. C. Gordon. IMJ. Trustees, Edwin Wilcox, Zara Sarles, Wm. Fen-is; clerk, Eliph- alet Towsley; treasurer, H. M. Munson. 1844. Trustees, Zara Sarles. Daniel A. Minor, Wm. Towsley; clerk, James Towsley; treasurer, Lewis How. 1845. Trustees, Parley Austin, Kowley Leonard, Joseph Teachout; clerk, James Towsley; treasurer, Edwin Wilcox. i ROYALTON. 513 1846. Trustees, Smith Ingallg, Wm. D. Eastman, Wm. Teachout; clerk, Charles Teachout; treasurer, Lewis How. lat". Trustees, Wm. D. Eastman, Wm. Ferris, Asa Varney; clerk, A. Teachout; treasurer, L. How, 1S*<. Trustees, Smith Ingalls, James Towsley, S. M. Wilcox; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How. 1849. Trustees, James Towsley, Zara Sarles, Edwin Wilcox; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How. 1S50. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Rufus D. Gibson, Thomas Hark; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How. IMl. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Francis P. Howe, O. H. Graves; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How. 1852. Trustees, Henry Aiken, Norman A. Graves, Thomas Meiicher; clerk. Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How. 18.53. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Thos. B. Coats, Wm. Ferris; clerk> James Towsley; treasurer, .Vrenzo Sarles. 1K54. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Henry Akm, T. B. Coates; clerk, Wm. Hodkinson; treasurer, Lewis How. 1855. Trustees, Henry Akin, T. B. Coates, J. Jlarcellus; clerk, Thomas Coates; treasurer, Wm. Sarles. 18S(i. Trustees, D. A. Jliner, Sardis Edgarton, Wm. Ferris; clerk, Jas. Towsley; treasurer, Martin S. Billings. '; 185". Trustees, Dan'l Miner, Sardis Edgarton, Robert Wilkinson ; clerk, Joesph Smith; treasurer, Martin S. Billings. 1858. Trustees, f ardis Edgarton, John Marcellus, James Ferris ; clei k, Joseph Smith; treasurer, lames Towsley. 1859. Trustees, James Ferris, Sardis Edgarton. S. H. Stewart; clerk, Joseph Smith ; treasurer, James Towsley. 18C0. Trustees, Charles Bangs. Edwin Wilcox, James Ferris; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer. James Towsley. IStil. Trustees, John Tompkins, W. W. Stockman, Zara Sarles; clerk, Jos. Smith ; treasurer, James Towsley. 18*52. Trustees, John Tompkins, W. W. Stockman. Zara Sarles; clerk, Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. I8ii3. Trustees, B. S. Tyler, John Tompkins, Ransom Walling; clerk, Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. 1.SC4. Trustees, B. S. Tyler, Stillman Tupper, Geo. Johnson; clerk, Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. 181,5. Trustees. Chas. Bangs, Chas. Robinson, O. H. Clafliu; clerk, Geo. S. Morrell; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 186t). Trustees, Chas. Bangs, Chas. Robinson, O. H. C'laHin; clerk, J. M. Wilcox; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 18(i7. Trustees, Orville Bangs, John Tompkins, Wm. Ferris; clerk, M. G. Billings; treasurer. L. S. Sarles. 1808. Trustees, John Tompkins, Thos. Bolton, Wm. Spencer; clerk, Farnum Gibbs; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 18«9 and 1870. Trustees, T. S. Bolton, Simon Wilkinson, Hamlin Mil- ler; clerk. Farnum Gibbs; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1871. Trustees, Geo. Matthews, G. H. Stewart, O. Taylor; clerk, Far- num Gibbs; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1872. Trustees Geo. Matthews, G. H. Stewart, Oliver Taylor; clerki A. E. Akin; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 187:1, Trustees, George Matthews, G. H. Stewart, Wm. Tompkins; clerk, A. E. Akin; treasurer, L. S. Sarhs. 1874. Ti-ustees, Geo. Matthews, Wm. Tompkins, Freeman Nortcn; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1875. Trustees, Oliver Taylor, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton ; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 187(i. Trustees. Oliver Taylor, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton; clerk, A. E. Akin; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1877 and 1878, Trustees, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton, Sarilis Ed- garton, Jr.; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Oliver Taylor. 1879. Trustees, Sardis Edgarton, Geo. Matthews, Joseph Turiiey; clerk, .loseph Smith; treasurer, Oliver Taylor. I'OST OFFICE. Down to lSt2.") the jn-ojile of l{()y:iltiiii li;i(l to go to Clevc'luiid for tlieir mail, cx(;fi)t tliat .sonic of tlieni liur>;ainc 1,378. INDUSTRIES. About 1866 James Wyatt introduced the manu- facture of cheese as a regular business into Eoyalton, and for a few years, did a thriving business. In 1869 Charles Bangs and L. S. Sarles began operations, and carried them forward in company until 1871 when they dissolved, and Bangs removed to his ijresent location, and lias since then been engaged in the busi- ness to a considerable extent. After a partnership with A. E. Aikens of three years and continuation on his own account until 1877, Mr. Sarles retired from the business, leaving the field to Mr. Bangs. Eoyalton was at one time esteemed a famous dairy town, and produced a great quantity of milk, but latterly this brauch of farming has declined in pro- portion to others, although still receiving no small share of the husl)andmau's attention. Capital is likewise invested in nurseries of which several send to market annually a valuable list of trees, plants, etc. General farming is, however, the main dependence of the people, and as the country contains a fruitful soil, the agricultural interests are exceedingly i)ros- perous; tlie farmers being usually in comfortable, and often in afHuent circumstances. EMPIRE LODGE, I. O. 0. F. Empire Lodge, No. 346, I. 0. 0. F., was insti- tuted in July, 1859, with twelve charter members, SOLON. 515 viz: Cliarles Baugs, Orville Bangs, Joseph W. Smith, .lohii Mareelhis, William Frost, Thomas S. Bark, Wesley Pope, J. T. Akers, Edwin Bangs, George Johnson, Charles lleath and L. S. Sarles. The lodge owns a large framed edifice at the cen- ter (Ijiiilt in 1864) in the upper portion of which is a wi'U appointed and commodious lodge room; the lower l)art being used as a store. The membership in Au- gust, 18T9, was forty, although in 1878 twenty mem- bers withdrew upon the formation of a lodge in Hrecksville. The present officers arc Geo. Mathews, N. G.; John Kirkland, V. G.; D. C. Marcellus, T., F. Lesser, R. S.; Joseph W. Smith, P. S. CEMETERIES. The first public eometery in Koyalton was laid out at the center, a tract of five acres having been bought from John Watkins for that purjjose. Upon that tract the town hall, the Baptist church and the cem- etery are located. The latter is now a neglected, weed-choked and most unsightly spot. The first death in the township was that of Catherine, wife of Charles Coates. She was buried in a family burial l)iaee upon the Coates farm. There are several cem- eteries in the township, of which the finest in appear- ance is the one at the center adjoining the Disciple ehurcli. It is prettily adorned, and its neatly kept walks, graceful foliage, and beautiful monuments, are well calculated to relieve the sad thoughts which nat- urally associate themselves with the homes of the dead." CHAPTER LX.\ X V. SOIiON. Two Kamilies on the Way— Their Tedious Route— Robbins and Bull make the First Settlement— Oliver Wells —Arrival of Miss Delia -First Twins— The First School— Organization of Township— Names of the Voters— Choice of a Name— Tlie First Offloers— C'hasinp an Elk— First Settlement on North Haif- On Hampshire Street — Increasing Emi. gralion -R. >1. Hanaford— Wni. Pillshury at the Center— W. W. Higby — Settlers on the Ledge— A Disgusted Stranger— First ?.Iarriage and Death- Fii-st t'liureh and Physician Bears. Deer and Rattlesnakes- Black Salts- Selling Sugar in Cleveland— (Joing Courting in Aurora— A Profess, r in the Woods— The First Store— Captain .\rchibald Rob- bins -Generallmprovement. Mails, etc.- Solon in t^e War— Education —Railroads— Business Places at the Center— Congregational Church- Disciples' Church— Methodist Church— Principal Township Olflcers. Is liie month of August, 1820, two families, well supplied with teams, household goods, and especially with children, might have been seen making their tedi- ous way along the rough road from Newburg through Indejieiidence to Hudson in the present county of Summit, and thence northeastward to Aurora, now in Portiige county, where they made their temporary stopi)ing-plaee. From that point the heads of the two families made a thorougli examination of the un- occupied land round about, and after due considera- tion determined to locate themselves in the west part of the " Wiiliiims and Ellsworth " tract, which com- prised the southern portion of township si.\, range ten, then described as the survey-township of Milan, but now known as the civil township of Solon. The heads of those two families were Samuel ]5ull and Captain Jason Robbins, both lately from W^ethers- field, Hartford county, Connecticut, and both, when past the meridian of life (Mr. Bull being forty-five years old and Captain Robbins fifty-eight), having determined to try their fortunes in what was then Cidled the far western wilderness of Xorthern Ohio. Having erected their log-houses (those inevitable pioneer palaces), and having made such other pre- parations as circumstances permitted, the two men, in the month of November, 1830, moved their families from Ansom to their new homes; thus becoming the first settlers in the present township of Solon. Al- though these were the only two families in the town- ship, yet they made quite a beginning in the way of settlement, as Mr. Bull had six children and Cajjtain Robbins full as many. Their places were situated on what had been an important mail and supply route from Pittsburg to Cleveland during the war of 1812, but which in 1820 hiid been abandoned in favor of the road through the more settled regions of Independence, Hudson, etc., and had become impassable by reason of growing bushes and fallen timber. It is now the direct route from Cleveland through Solon Center to Aurora. Their nearest neighbors were two miles to the south- east, in the northwest corner of Aurora. In the direction of Cleveland they could travel without see- ing a single residence to a point within three miles of the village of Newburg, and nine miles from their own homes. To the westward, also, it was nine miles to a neighbor, who resided in the south westernmost part of Bedford. Of the four men and women who thus began the settlement of Solon, all remained at their chosen loca- tion throughout their lives. Samuel Bull died in 18;58, at the age of sixty-three; Mrs. Eleanor Robbins died in 1850, at the age of seventy-seven; Captain Jason Robbins died in 1852, at the age of ninety; while Mrs. F.mny Huntington Bull, the last and oldest of the venerable iiuartette, survived to the rc- marktdde age of ninety-four, dying in the year 1872. Of Mr. Bull's family, Pitkin S., Lorenzo S. and Nor- man A. are still living, and it is from the second named that we have derived the facts jireviously nar- rated. Of Mr. Robbins' family, W. \\. Robbins and Mrs. I. N. Blackmail still suivive. The third family which settled in the towiishi]i w:is that of Oliver >W4b, who came from the stimc locality as Messrs. Robbins and Bull in the autumn of 1821, and located on lot number forty of the Williams and Ellsworth tract, being the southwest- ernmost lot in the townsliip. From this time for- ward there were but few arrivals for nearly ten years; the land being held at higher jjrices by the proprie- tors than most emigrants were willing to pay. We must not, however, neglect to mention one im- portant arrival which occurred soon after Mr. Wells' 516 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. settlement in the township — that of Delia, a daugh- ter of Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Wells, and the first white child horu in Solon. The same couple were also the parents of the first twins born in the township, who followed in due season after Miss Delia. The first school in Solon was taught by John nonry about 1823, his only patrons being Messrs. Robbius and Bull, who were the only two who lived near enough to join in the enterprise. Robbins furnished four children and Mr. Bull three. The price was ten dollars a month and board, and, according to Mr. li. S. Bull, his father paid in shoeniaking and Cap- tain Robbins in majile sugar. Although emigration was slow, yet a few settlers did arrive, and by 1825 there were eight voters in the town- ship: Messrs. Robbins, Bull and Wells, already named, young P. S. Bull, then just come of age, and four new arrivals, John C. Carver, C. M. Leach, Thomas Marsliall and Ichabod Watrous — -all in the south part of the township. Down to this time the survey^ township of Milan had remained a part of the civil township of Orange, but in the year last named the eight geutlemen mentioned, thinking perhaps that it would attract attention and emigration, determined to have an organization of their own. On their petition the county commissioners set off Milan into a separate township, and ordered an election of officers. By general consent the other settlers accorded to Messrs. Bull and Robbins, as the earliest pioneers, the privilege of naming the new township. They were desirous of commemorating some name connected with one of their families, but as neither Bulltown nor Robbinsburg seemed to sound exactly right, they finally agreed to adopt the second name of Mr. Bull's second son, Lorenzo Solon Bull, now the worthy post- master at Solon Center. The complaisant commis- sioners confirmed the appellation, and thus the name of the great Grecian lawgiver was applied (although at second hand) to one of the pleasant and fertile townships of Cuyahoga county. At the first election the following officers were chosen: Trustees, Juson Robbins, Samuel Bull, Icha- bod Watrous; clerk, Jason Robbins; treasurer, Pitkin S. Bull; constable, Pitkin S. Bull; overseer of the poor, Pitkin S. Bull; justice of the peace, Oliver Wells. The list is furnished us by tlie numerously elected Pitkin S. Bull, the only survivor of the official five to whom the eight offices were allotted. Solon, when first settled, like all the rest of the Western Reserve, abounded in wild game; not only were wolves, deer, bear, etc., to be fonnd there in great numbers, but occasionally even tlie lofty elk was to be seen bearing aloft his wide-brancliing horns adown the forest glade, and starting in sudden dismay at tlie faintest sound of the woodman's axe. These stately animals, however, very speedily disappeared. In 1821, the year after the first settlement, P. S. Bull and Warren Warner chased a large buck elk for three days through Milan (Solon) and the adjoining town- ships, it being finally killed in Northficld (now in Summit county) by a third hunter, who struck its track a little ahead of the unlucky Milanese and gained the prize. This was, so far as known, the last elk seen in the township. Bear remained a few years longer, and other wild game was abundant till a far later period. The first .settlement in the north half of the town- ship was made about 1827 by John Morse, who located near the old State road before mentioned (running from Cleveland to Aurora, etc.), not far from the Bedford line. He was followed within two or three years by Joseph G. Patrick, Baxter Clough, — Gerish and others, from the State of New Hampshire; for which reason that road has been called llampsliire street down to the present time. John C. Sill settled in the township in 1831, and Walter Stannard and John Hodge about the same time. Mr. Martle settled in the extreme northwest part of the township. And now the tide of emigration began to rise rap- idly. In 1832 Reuben M. Hanaford settled in Hamp- shire street, about a mile and a half northwestward from the center. He is still living at the latter place, and we are indebted to his vigorous memory for many facts regarding the history of the township subsequent to his arrival. Not a tree had then been cut witliin a mile of the center. William Pillsbury, however, purchased the land around the center that same year. No roads were cut out in that part of the township, and no wagons were in use. There were merely paths through the woods, traversed summer and winter by ox-sleds. William W. Higby was then working in Solon, where he has ever since been a permanent resident. Elijah Pettibone settled that year (1832) in the south- east part of the township, where he and his sons have since been permanent citizens. AVilliam W. Richards, C. R. Fletcher and John Hale all came that year or the next, and settled in the south and northwest parts of the township. These, including Pettibone, were all from Jefferson county. New York. The first settlers in the north part, on what is known as "The Ledge," were Elisha Wilmott and Albert Pond, who located there about 1833. Tliese were soon followed by Abraham Witter, George H. Mason, Stephen Dunwell and Alvin Harrington, most of these in this section being from Maine. Deacon John Barnard settled in the township about 1833. The ground at the center being low and somewhat wet, that was one of the last points to be settled. An anecdote related by Mr. Hanaford shows the unpleas- ant impression which the township, and especially that portion of it, made upon strangers at the period of wliich we are speaking. Several roads had been laid out, meeting at the center, but none had been cut out, all being desigr.ated only by lines of marked trees. Having occasion to go to Twinsburg, during the first year of his residence in tlie township, Mr. Hanaford followed the line of marked trees south to that point, and then returned by the same track to SOLON. 517 tlie centci'. As he approached the latter point toward iiiglitfall, ho saw a man on horseback looking anxious- ly at tlie various indications of Jiighways yet to be. ''See here, stranger," he exclaimed, immediately on observing Mr. llanaford, " I wish you would tell me which way I ouglit to go to get out of this in- fernal town." "Well," replied Mr. llanaford, '' that dejiends on where you want to go to. This line of marked trees," pointing south, " leads to Twiusbnrg; that one runs southwest to Aurora; that one due north will take you to Orange; this one on the west " — "No matter about that," interrupted the traveler; " I've just came from the west through that cursed swamp, and I'll swear I don't want to go that way. I don't care where these otlier trails go to either; all I want to know is which is the quickest way out of town." Mv. llanaford gave him the distances to the various ixjints mentioned, the stranger selected the nearest one and immediately started toward it at a I'apid pace. Scarcely had he got out of sight when the wolves wore heard howling in the forest; a circumstance which probably did not diminish his anxiety to get "out of town," aud which caused Mr. Hanaford to hasten'his pace materially on his way home. The first man who built a house at the Center was Freeman McClintock, who located there in 1H3'2 or '33. He resided there in his log cabin two or three years before any joined him. The axes of the woodmen now resounded on every side, and in three years after Mr. Hanaford's arrival, in 1832, nearly all the land in the township had been jiurchascd from the original proprietors. It was not until about 1833 that the first marriage took place in Solon, the parties being Baxter Clough and Hannah Gerrish, both of "Hampshire street," the officiating magistrate being ('apt. John Bobbins, the second justice of the peace in Solon. The first death was that of Mrs. Tiiomas Marshall, which occurred in 1834, fourteen years after the settlement of tlie township. There being, naturally, no burying-ground in Solon before there was a death, she was taken to what was called the Seward burying- ground, in Aurora, for interment. Several other of the Solon jiioneers also rest there. liy this time both the Presbyterians and the ^leth- odists liad begun to hold meetings in the township — in fact, I'resbyterian meetings were held at Mr. Han- aford's iiouse as early as 1832. In 1834 or '35 a reg- ular church of that denomination was formed, being composed largely of the New P^nglanders on Hamp- shire street. A year or so later they built the first church edifice in tlic township, at the Center. It was the seciuid frame building there, and was placed on high posts (" stilts," some called them) on account of the dampness of the soil. A separate sketch will be given of this church witli the others. In 1834 the first physician. Dr. Alpheus Morrill, settled in Solon. He remained several years. The same year liuit the doctors began to come the bears disajjpearod. Mr. S. S. Bull mentions that the last of those animals was seen in Solon in 1834. In that year four were killed in the townshi]) ; one by Thomas Marslndl, one by S. S. Bull, one by William W. Iligby, and one very large one, weighing abont four hundred pounds, by Jason Kobbins, 2nd. The deer still continued ([uite numerous, and many a jolly hunt was enjoyed by the youth of Solon. William W. Iligby stood at the head of the Ninirods of that tow-nshi]), and had hardly a rival in the country round, excepting Hiram Spofford, of Bedford, who hunted largely in Solon. Neither of them consid- ered it a very remarkable feat to kill from six to eight fat deer in the course of a day, while as to raccoons, turkeys, etc., they numbered their victims by the hundreds every season. Rattlesnakes, too, were extremely frcipient through- out the pioneer period, especially on "the ledge'" in the northern part of the township. One night when Albert Pond got up to attend to his sick child he was somewhat startled to find a large, yellow rattlesnake stretched out comfortably in front of the embers of the fire. Similar unpleasant en- counters with these reptiles were not uncommon, but we do not hear of any fatal results — except to the snakes. The early exports of Solon consisted of ma])le sugar, "black salts," and deerskins. The "black salts," as is known by all the older citizens, were the results of boiling down the ley made from the ashes which could be produced in abundance by every energetic settler in clearing his own land. These were gen- erally sold at Newburg. As they could speedily be transformed into pot- and jiearl-ashes, which might be shipped east at slight expense, tiiey would bring cash, when grain was almost unsaleable from the fact that the trans})ortatiou cost nearly or quite as much as it was worth in the Eastern markets. As for sugar and molasses, each man who had a surplus when the mai)le-sugar season was on, put it in a wagon' and started with an ox-team for Cleve- land, occupying two days in the trip. There he would take a pail and a pair of steelyards and drive from house to house, selling from ten to fifty j)ounds in a place. If even a merchant took a whole barrel, he was thought to be doing a wholesale business. While many young married men, with their fami- lies, came into Solon at this period, a large projwr- tioii of the settlers were bachelors. Nearly every one of these, as soon as he had made a little clearing and built a log cabin, would start for the nearest settle- ment, hunt up a good-looking girl and go to courting her with a straightforward energy which seldom failed of success. As Aurora (Portage county) was the oldest settled township in the vicinity, and the most convenient of access, and was also blessed with an ample supply of handsome, agreeable and indus- trious young ladies, the solitary Solonites betook themselves thither in large numbers, and witli emi- 518 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. neiit good fortune, a larger proportion of the pioneer mothers of Solon coming from Aurora than from any otlior township on the Eeserve. Even after the building of the Proisbytcrian Cliuruh at the Center, it was sometimes ditKcult for the min- istei's who were to preach in it to find their way to the lionse of the Lord through the thinly-settled woods of Solon. Professor Reuben Nutting, of Western Reserve College at Hudson, who occasionally preached there, got belated one cool Saturday night in autumn, when on his way thither on horseback, lost his way when within a mile of the meeting-house, and, after wandering around for a long time, finally became sat- isfied that he could not find his way out. The pro- fessor had evidently been deeply impressed by the sanitary precept, " Keep your feet warm and your head cool." Having hitched his horse and taken off the saddle, with tiie invariable saddle-bags, which formed a part of every minister's equipment in those days, he took the "comforter" from his neck, cut it in two, wrapped the pieces around his feet, and then bestowed his pedal extremities, one in each of the s:iddle-bags. Thus protected, he lay down on the dry- est place he could find, and it is to be j)resumed that, whatever may have been his sufferings in other re- spects, he didn't catch cold in his feet. The next morning he found his way to tiie waiting congrega- tion, but was too much exhausted to speak until after- noon. It was not u''til about 184:0 that Solon was far enough advanced to support a store. The first one was then established at the center by Captain Arclii- bald Robhins, son of Captain Jason Robbius, the early settler before mentioned, who had become a resident of the township many years after liis father. Tlie younger Captain Robbins had had a very roman- tic and thrilling experience. Pie had been the mate of Captain Riley, whose "Narrative" was once read with delighted interest by thousands of youth throughout the country. Riley and Robbins, with their crew, had been cast ashore on the western coast of Africa; had been captured by Arabs, and had only escaped after along and painful captivity. Captain Robbins also published a narrative of his adventures, but it was not as widely known as that of Captain Riley, perhaps because the former, being a very ])lain, straightforward man, did not embellish his account with the productions of his imagination sufficiently to suit the popular taste. After having subsequently been in cliief command of various ves- sels for a number of years, and after keeping a store a few years at Griffithsburg, now in the township of Chagrin Falls, Captain Robbins had finally estab- lished himself in Solon, where he died in 1859 at the age of sixty-seven. Besides his store at the center he had an asliery, where he made black salts and pearl- ash, which for a long time were almost legal tender among the settlers. We have now given a brief sketch of the pioneer times in Solon. After 1840 the township rapidly assumed the appearance of a cultivated counti-y. Framed houses superseded log ones on all the princi- pal roads, and in time even the byroads showed the same signs of thrift and prosperity. The population steadily increased. The deer disappeared before the advancing waves of civilization. A small village slowly grew up at Solon Center, whither the farmers brought a portion of their products, while the re- mainder was furnished a ready market by the re- markable growth of Cleveland. A steam sawmill was built at the center before the war of 1801 by — John- son, which is still in operation there, being owned by John Cowen. Another steam sawmill with a large cheese-box factory connected with it was erected by Calvin Gilfert, and operated by him until it was de- stroyed by fire a few years since. At length came the war for the Union, when the youth of Solon promptly responded to their country's call. The deeds of the regiments in which they were embodied are recorded in their appi'opriate jilace in the general history, and the names of the gallant sons of Solon are to be found with their comrades from other towns appended to their respective regiments and batteries. A detachment of the first recruits joined the Twenty-third Ohio, President Hayes' regi- ment. Each of these was presented with a pistol by the patriotic ladies of the township. An interesting incident, growing out of this circumstance and con- nected with Corporal Sheridan E. Bull, son of Loren- zo S. Bull and grandson of Samuel Bull, the jiioncer settler, is narrated in the sketch of that regiment in the general history. Aside from war, the most imjiortant event in the history of the townshij) in later years has been the construction of the Cleveland branch of the Atlantic and Great Western Railway, which runs diagonally across the township from northwest to southeast. The establishment of its depot about a fourth of a mile northwest of the original "C!enter,'' has caused a considerable extension of the vilhige in that direc- tion. Great attention has always been paid to education in Solon, and it still ranks among the foremost rural townships of northern Ohio in that respect. In 18(57 and '08 a very fine brick school-house was erected at the center designed for the use of the village district, and as a high school for the township. There ai-e two teachers in it, and about seventy scholars. In 1878 a narrow gauge railroad was completed from Chagrin Falls to Solon. Its effect in increasing the business of the latter jjlace s yet to be seen. The business places and shops of Solon now comprise the following list: Four general stores, one drug store, one tin shop, one hotel, two blacksmith shojis, one shoe shop and one steam sawmill. Of late years dairying has become a leading business of the farmers, and there are now five cheese factories in the town- ship. The remainder of the township history will be de- voted to brief sketches of the three churclies which SOLON. 519 have been organized in it, and to a list of the principal townslii]) officers. TlIK ('0Ni;itE(iAT10NAI, I IICRCII. As before .^tati'd, tliis cliurch was oi'gaiiizod in 1S;)4 or '35, tlic presiding minister having l)een Kev. .lohn Seward, of Aurora, Portage conntv. Tiic first nieni- l)ers were Josepli Patrick and Amanda, his wife; Bax- ter C'longli and Hannah, his wife; Samuel Gcrrish and Betsey, his wife: John iforse, his mother and his sister Prudence; Asa Stevens and Susan, his wife, aiul 1{. M. llanaford and Nancy, his wife. Probably William Pillsbury and wife, and Horace Merry were also among those ])resent at tlie oi'ganization; if not, they joined shortly afterward. Asa Stevens was one of tho-first deacons. For about a year the church usually met at the iiouse of old Mrs. Morse, a mile or so northwest of the Center. At the end of that time the framed church, still in use, was erected at the Center. Dur- ing eleven years there was no settled minister, the )mlpit being filled by professors from Western Reserve College, by occasional supplies, by lay readers, etc. In 1845 Rev. Jolin Seward, the sanie who had or- ganized the church, became its permanent ])astor, and remained so until 1861. The church has since main- tained itself in a condition of steady prosperity. I'liere are now about one hundred persons wliose names are on tlie roll, of whom at least eighty are regular communicants. Rev. James Webster is the jiresent pastor, 1878. THE DLSCIPLE CHURCII. Disciple meetings were held at Solon as early as 1840. On the 29th of November, 1841, a cliurch was fully organized there, with thirteen members. It has tlourislied and increased ever since, having now about a hundred members. Among its ministers have been the following: J. H. Rhoads, J. II. Jones, T. B. Knowles, James A. Garfield, H. W. Everest, John Smith, 0. C. Hill, John Atwater, A. B. Gieene, and the pi-esent incumbent, C. W. Henry. The elders are L. S. Bull, 11. P. Boynton and C. S. Carver; the deacons, F. H. Baldwin, M. J. Roberts and W. W. liobbins; the trustees, F. II. Baldwin, W. W. Koli- bins and J. J. Little. THE METHODIST CnrUClI. There was Jlethodistpreacliing at tiie school-house on "the ledge" in the north part of the township as early as 1840, and soon afterwards at the school- house at the Center, but it was not until 1854 that a church edifice was built, and regular service estab- lished. There was then ipiite a flourishing congrega- tion, but it has since become so enfeeljled by removals, deaths, etc., that it is impossible to learn the details regarding its early history. Preaching was regularly maintained from the erec- tion of the church edifice most of the time until about ISGii. Rev. Mr. A'crnon was the j)astor in 1860, Rev. Mr. Latimer in 1868, and Rev. Mr. Burgess in 1809. Since then, the congregation have had to de- pend principally on transient preaching. rRINCtPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, The township records down to 1838 are destroyed or lost; so that we can only give the names of the officers elected from that time to the present, with the addition of those chosen the first year, who were as follows: Trustees, Jason Robbins, Samuel Bull and Ichabod Watkins; clerk, Jason Rolibins; treas- urer, Pitkin S. Bull; overseer of the poor. Pitkin S. Bull; constable, Pitkin S. Bull; justiceof the peace, Oliver Wells. 1838. Trustees, Samuel Glasier, James M. Hickox Jarvis McCon- oughy ; clerk, Joseph G. Patrick; treasurer. Freeman McClintock; over- seers of the poor. Collins Reed, William Higliy. 18:39. Trustees. S. Glasier, Wm. Higby, Ralph Russell; clerk, J. (i. Patrick; treasurer, Reuben M. Hanaford ; overseers of the poor, Col, Uns Reed. Seymour Trowbrdge. 1840. Trustees, S. M. HiekcK, J. G. Patrick, Theodore S. Powell; clerk, Archibald Robbins; treasurer, R, M. Hanaford; overseers of the poor, Wm. R. Richards, James McConoughy. 1841. Trustees, Morris Bosworth, Obadiah B. .Tudd; clerk, ,Iohn M. Hart; treasurer, S. Trowbridge; overseers of the poor, Wra. Higby, Henry Hillman. 1S42. Trustees. Ebenezer Gove, Daniel Morse, Caleb R. Fletcher; clerk, H. W. Hart; treasurer, S. Trowbridge; assessor. Arch. Robbins; overseers of the poor, W. W. Robbins, Asa Stevens. KM-I. Trustees. Leander Cliamberlin. .loel Seward. W'ni. Higbv; clerk, A. Robbins; treasurer, Asa Stevens; assessor, J. JI. Hart: overseers of the poor. Samuel Glasier, Geo. Mann. l.S«. Trustees, Simeon T. Shepard, Sanford H. Bishop, Seymour Trowbridge; clerk, A. Robbins; treasurer. Joel Seward; assessor, J. G. Patrick; overseers of the poor, John McClintock James Smith. 1845. Trustees, S. H. Smith. W. W. Richards, L. S. Bull; clerk. A. Robbins; treasurer, S. T. Shepard; assessor. R. M. Hanaford; over- seers of the poor, .Tohn McClintock, S. Trowbridge. 184e. Trustees, Joel Seward, H. W. Hart. E. Conk; clerk, L. S. Dull; treasurer, A. Robbins; assessor, O. B. Judd. 184T Trustees, C. R. Fletcher, Simon Norton, S. H. Bishop; clerk, John Dendy; tjeasurer, J. M. Hickox; assessor, .\lmon Case. 1M.8. Tiustees, Daniel Morse, Wm. W. Richards, Norman A. Bull; clerk, Wm. R. Robbins; treasurer, John M. Hart; assessor, R. M. Han- aford. 1849. Trustees, Henry G. March, Leander Chamberlain, E. Gove; clerk, W. R. Robbins; treasurer, J G. Patrick; assessor, L. S. Bull. 18.50. Trustees, H. G. March, W'm. R. Sill, S. Trowbridge; clerk, Ed- mund Richmond; treasurer, A. Robbins; asses-sor, S. H. Bishop. 1851. Trustees. S. Trowbridge, Richard Dewey, Francis Petlilmne; clerk, W. R. Robbins; treasuier, X. Robbins; assessor, O. B. Juild. 1&52. Trustees, Robert Smith, C. R. Smith, W. W. Robbins; clerk, W. W. Barnard; treasurer. J. .1. JlcClintoek; assessor, Austin Blackman. ISiW Trustees, W. W. Richards, Norman A. Bull, Orris B. Smith; clerk, Wm. R. Robbins; treasurer, Geo. S. Hicko.\; assessor, F. Pitti- bone. 1854. Trustees, J. M. Hickox, Dexter McCliutock, Wm. Higby; clerk, John Deady; treasurer, Wm. B. Price; Assessor, F. Pettibone. 1855. Trustees, Calvin T. Reed, H. O. March, S. T. Shepard; clerk, John Deady; treasurer. W. B. Price; assessor, F. Pettibone. IS.'ifi. Trustees, Daniel, Calvin Gilbert, Augustus Pettibone; clerk, S. B. Smith; trea-surer. W. I?. Price; assessor. G. Gove. 1858. Trustees, R. M. Hanaford, C. H. Baldwin, L. Chamberlain; clerk, Wra. K. Ricksecker; treasurer, C. Gilbert; assessor, Norman A Bull. 1859. Trustees, R. SI. Hanaford, S. T. Shepherd, O. B. Smith; clerk, W'. K. Ricksecker; tre.isurer, W. R. Robbins; asse^or, H. A. Smith. ISfiO. Trustees. H. N. Slade. James Wester, R, Dewey; clerk, R. R. K. Merrill; treasurer, C. B. Lockwood; assessor, H. A. Smith. 18ial Haines mentions that in January, 1817, he was compelled to go as far as Harrisville, (now on the south line of Jlediua county) some thirty miles dis- tant from Strongsviile, to obtain wheat. The road could with difficulty be traveled by a yoke of oxen with a sled: the wolves came in sight after dusk, showing their angry teeth, but declining to come in reach of young Haines stout club, and after he arrived in Harrisville he iiad to thresh his wheat and winnow il with a "hand-fan" before he could get it. The price was a dollar a Itushcl. During the winter of 1816-'17 the first marriage took place in the township; the groom being Hollis Whitney and the bride being the Jliss Charlotte Wal- lace before mentioned as accompanying Guilford Whit- ney's family the preceding autumn. Early in 1817 came Chiiuuau Porter, whose son Edwin, born shortly afterwards, was the first white child born in town. John Hilliard's eldest son, Frank, who came into the world only a few days later, was the second one. The other iniinigrants of this year, so far as known, were George F. (lilbert, James Nichols, David Good- win, Seth Goodwin, Wheeler Cole, Thatcher Avery, James Bennett, Thaddeus Ball, and John and James .Smith. This was a large immigration for a single townshij), and great prosperity was expected. Peo- ple came much more readily to the high, but dry and healthy, land of number five than to the more level, but damper, ground of -Afiddleljurg. Axes were heard in every direction, and log houses rose in various parts of the townshij) in quick succession. John Bosworth cleared fifty acres for Mr. Strong, thirty of which were sown to wheat that fall. Numerous smaller clearings were made, many tracts were sown to wheat, and the township bade fair to be speedily independent of the outer world, so far as food was concerned. The religious habits of old Connecticnt were imported by the colonists, and on the 10th of October the First Congregational Church w.is organ- ized, of which a separate sketch is given a few pai'es farther on. Such i-apid progress incited the principal men to apply to the county commissioners to erect number five into a separate civil township. Their petition was granted, and the name of Strongsviile vms given to the new township, in honor of its most prominent citizen, John S. Strong. On the IStli day of Febru- ary, 1818, the first election was held for the purpose of organizing the townshij). It was presided over by Ephraim Vaughn, Esq., a justice of the jieace of Middleburg. The judges of election were James Nichols, David Goodwin, and Chipman Porter. The following oflBeers were elected: Trustees, John Dins- more, James Nichols, James Smith; clerk, Seth (Joodwin; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; fence-viewers, James Bennett, Benjamin (}. Barljer; constables, Jas. Nichols and G. F. Nichols; supervisors of highways, John Bosworth, John Dinsmore, and B. G. Barber. The last-named official declined, and Abial Haynes was appointed in his place. At a special election the following June, James Nichols and Ahijah Haynes, Sr., were elected the first justices of the peace. In the spring of this year Mr. J. S. Strong brought his family from Connecticut — excejit those who, having reached man's estate, h: d already emigrated to Strongsviile. The whole list embraced the names of Warner C., Lynum W., John, Chipman, Emerv, Bcuda, Franklin, and Lavinia. Another large fam- ily which settled in Strongsviile this 3ear was that of Joseph Olds, among the meml)ers of which were Ed- 523 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. son B. Olds (afterward celebrated in Ohio politics), G. L., L.W., C. N., and Dr. Benj. B. Olds. The last- named immediately began practice at " the center," becoming the first physician in Strongsville. Still other emigrants of 1818 were Liakim Lyon and fam- ily, Josiah Carpenter and family (including his sons Caleb, Zachary, David and Rufns); Zara D. Howe and family (including Manser, A. P. and Z. D.); Otis and N. d". Billings, Mrs. McNeil, Mrs. G. G. Olds, and Apollo S. Soutliworth. A young man named Ansel G. Pope also came the same year, and estab- lished the first blacksmith shop in the township. Mr. Pope, sixty-one years later, still resides at Strongsville, in a remarkably hale and vigorous old age. One of Eliakim Lyon's family, D. S. Lyon, then a boy of eleven, is also still a resident of the township. He says tliat when he came there was hardly a stick of timber cut between Strongsville and Cleveland. Tlie same autumn of their arrival the main road, which afterward became the turnpike, was " under- brushed out" four rods wide, all the brush and sap- lings under six inches in diameter being cut away. As for the larger trees, travelers were expected for a year or two more to make their way between them. Mr. Eliakim Lyon settled a mile west of the present residence of D. S. Lyon, and about a mile from the south line of the township. The Goodwins and a Mr. Bennett were all who had then penetrated thus far to the southwest. Mr. Lyon for a long time oc- cupied Mr. Bennett's house. The wolves were so thick and so saucy around them, that one evening when Mr. Lyon, tired of their howling, let his big dog out into the woods, in hopes to scare them away, they quickly chased him back, almost to the very threshold of the cabin. During the same summer Mr. J. S. Strong erected a framed barn, the first framed building in the town- sliip. The raising was a great event, attended by all the men of Strongsville, and probably by some out- siders from Middleburg and Columbia. When the work was completed the men ranged themselves on one of the plates, in accordance with the ancient custom, passed a bottle of whisky from mouth to mouth until all had partaken, and tlien gave three rousing cheers, while the last man flung the bottle as far as his arm could send it. The celebrated " Hinckley hunt" occurred in De- cember of this year, in which nearly all the men of Strongsville took part, but as there were also numer- ous participants from several other townships of Cuy- ahoga county, we have given a description of it in the general history. The expenses of "running" the new township were very light, but the resources were still more meagsr. At the March meeting of the trustees in 1819, the expenditures fpr the past year footed up 816.50; the collections $8.30. In the mouth just named occurred the first dcatli in the colonj', that of Stoughton Strong, at the age of nineteen. The second was that of Polly, wife of Lyman Strong, who died on the 8th of May, 1819, at the age of twenty-one. The newcomers of this year were Jonathan Pope and family, Ebenezer Wilkinson and family, Setii Bartlett and family, James Waite, Moses Fowlo, David E. Hier, Luther, Samuel and Elijah Bosworth, Chester G. and Ezra Tuttle, Jr., John Colton and family, and Jeduthan Freeman and family. During the summer a Methodist society was organ- ized at tlie house of Jonathan Pope, by Eevs. Ira Eddy and Billings 0. Plyrapton. The first traveling- Methodist preachers were Revs. M. Goddard and Charles Waddell. The same season a log structuie was erected at the center, designed to serve the triple purpose of town-house, school-house and meeting- house. It was thus used for six years. In 1820 the first tavern was ei-ected by J. S. Strong; a frame Ituild- ing which is still used for that purpose at Strongsville Center. This was the first framed residence in the township. Up to this time the peo])]e had generally got tlicir grinding done at Vaughn's mill in Middleburg, or at Hoadley's in Columbia. When these were dry the hungiy citizens were compelled to travel Jis far as Tallmage, t!hagrin river, or even Painesville, to procure the needed work. That enterprising pioneer, John S. Strong, now thought it time that his township should have a mill of its own. In the fall of 1820 he accordingly erected a gristmill on Rocky river, at tlie point now called Albion. E. Lyman wus the mill- wright and A. J. Pope did the iron work. Thaddeus Lathrop (father of Mrs. Benjamin Tuttle) came from Middleburg and boarded the hands who worked on the mill, and was afterwards tlie first miller in the new structure. A sawmill w;is built aliuui the same time as the gristmill. During the season Timotliy Clark brought on a stock of goods, small, but somewhat larger than those previously brought by J. S. Strong, E. Lyman and John Bosworth. All the three last named, and we believe Mr. Clark, sold their goods in their houses, as was the custom in e;irly times almost everywhere. The other new arrivals for 1820 were Moses 0. Ben- nett, Jesse Root, Benjamin Schofleld, Cyrus Ilarlar. and Nathan Britton and family. Though the " Hinckley liunt " had, to some extent, broken up one haunt of wild animals, they were still numerous throughout the woods. Venison was to be had for the shooting, while mutton was an almost impossible luxury, because the wolves were ajit to get ahead of the butcher. Bears were by no means un- common, and occocasionally the unearthly scream of the panther was heard by the dwellers in the scattered cabins, causing every mother to look hastily around to see if all her children were safe from that fiercest of forest reamers. It would seem, however, that the jianther's yell could sometimes be imitated by less dangerous screamers. Mr. Abial Ilaynes relates how he and his STRONGSVILLB. 533 father's family were startled one night by a dismal noise, which those who claimed to be experts declared to be the shriek of a panther. The next night the same sound was again heard not far from the cabin. Abial took his ritle and proceeded in the direction of the noise until he saw a pair of glaring eyes a short distance in front of him, about the right higlit from the ground for a panthers head. Between these he aimed his rifle, fired, and the eyes dropped to the earth. Further examination the next morning dis- covered a big owl lying cold in deatli beliind the log on which it had sat. It is possible that some other accounts, by belated travelers, of dismal shrieks and ghiring eyes, would liave had an equally harmless ending, if tlie suppose) monster had been slain and examined. The Indians frequently came during the first few years of settlement, and stopped a few weeks in tem- })orary camps to hunt the game which abounded iu the forest. Mr. Haines mentions the existence, at various times, of a camp near Albion, another on "East Hill," and another larger one, which num- bered some fifty inmates, at Strongsville Center. From one great pest of new countries the pioneers of Strongsville Avere comparatively free. Tliere was much less sickness than is usual during the period in which the wilderness is subjugated. There was a little ague along the banks of Kocky river, but the high, dry, rolling ground, of which the township is principally composed, was almost entirely free from this and other forms of sickness. In 18:>1 or '22 J. S. Strong built a distillery near his mills, at what is now Albion. In the latter year occurred the death of Dr. B. B. Olds, the first phy- sician, who had meanwhile married a daughter of Mr. Strong. Rev. Luke Bower, the first resident minis- ter and school teacher, came this year. The same year Mr. Strong, having sold his property at Albion, proceeded to build another gristmill on Kocky river, nearly two miles east of the center. There could hardly have been business enough for two gristmills in the thinly-settled township, but Mr. S. was of so enterprising a temi)erament that, as Mr. JIaines says, " lie couldn't keep still. lie also built an ashery at the center, where he manufactured pot and pearl- ashes for many years. In 1S23 Ezra Tuttle, father of Benjamin Tuttle, now of Albion, came into the townsiiip; Benjamin, however, did not come till several years later. Eben- e/.er Stone settled with his family a mile west of the center, one of the members being Marvin E. Stone, who is still living at Albion. Mr. Stone bought out Ebenezer Pomeroy, who had been there a year or two and was about tlie first settler west of the center. Curtis Stone also came about the same time; one of his sons being Walter F., since a judge of the su- l)reme court of tHiio. Down to this time, as will have been observed, the settlement of the township had been quite rapid, and the i)roprietors thought they could safely raise the l)rice of the land from l>3.00 to *5.00 per acre. But about the same period Congress perfected its system of surveys, and instead of selling land as before to wealthy men in large tracts, began offering it to every one in quarter-sections at a dollar and a quarter an acre. Emigration to Strongsville (piickly fell off be- fore this competition, and for several years was very light; the proprietors being at length compelled to reduce their prices to ?!2.00 per acre in order to sell their land. The number of residents qualified to vote for presidential electors must have been very small, for, according to the record, there were only twenty- four votes cast for those officers in 1824. Of these twenty-three were for Henry Clay and one for John Quincy Adams. Food was now plentiful Imt grain was so low as hardly to pay for carrying it to market, iloncy was extremely scarce, and about the only means of obtain- ing it was by the sale of the "black salts" made by boiling down the ashes obtained in clearing the farms. Generally the "salts" were sold to be manufactured at Strong's ashery, but sometimes the farmers them- selves made them into pearlash. The Stones were about the only ones who made their salts into potash. When made, the potash or pearlash had to be hauled to Cleveland. By this time the main road through the township, where the turnpike was after- wards made, had been cut out, but the others were mere paths through the woods. Even the main road was almost impassable through the low ground of Middleburg. When men went to Cleveland two gen- erally journeyed together so as to help each other through the bad places; each having two yoke of cat- tle, a sled or wagon, an axe, an augur, several days' provisions and a jug of whisky, as if he was starting on a camj)aign. Mr. M. E. Stone states that he has been four days making the fifteen miles to Cleveland and back. Two barrels of jjotash, holding from four to five hundred pounds each, were considered a good load for two yoke of cattle. It brought at Cleveland from four to five dollars per hundred. The first store in the townshi}) which occupied a separate building was established by Emory Strong about 1S24. In 1825 the present framed town-house and school-house combined took tlie place of the old log building which had previously been used for that purpose. Dr. Olds was succeeded within a year or two after his death by Dr. William Baldwin, who practiced at the center ten or twelve years. During this period the increase of pojuilation was moderate, there being eighty-nine householders in 182G. There was plenty of friendliness among the pioneers, and newcomers were always cordially wclcomeil. When there was a log house to be raised nearly ever}' man in the township would be on hand. After work- ing all day they would start off at night and travel two, three and four miles to their homes, lighted on their darksome paths by torches of hickory bark, which were found to be just the thing for holding 524 THE TOWNSHIPS OF GTJYAHOGA COUNTY. flame a long distance. Mr. Stone says a bauclful of liickory bark tliree feet long would lash three miles. When the people met in the school-house for "even- ing meeting," or spelling-school, or singing-school, one might see a dozen or more long bunches of hick- ory bark, each neatly tied together, leaning against the wall. When the exercises were over, each pioneer gallant would light his rustic torch and set forth to escort his chosen fair one to her home, the flashing lights flinging fantastic shadows among the giant oaks and elms which shaded the forest pathways. The wild beasts still roamed with great freedom close to the houses of the settlers, and numerous were the fatal shots fired at the deer, not only in their forest retreats but even in the edge of the clearings. Mr. M. E. Stone speaks of killing thirty or forty in a year. Other game afforded still more excitement. Late in an afternoon in 1825, a slie-bear and two cubs were seen crossing the road about half a mile south of the tavern at Strongsville Center. The news quickly spread from cabin to cabin, and in a brief time more than twenty men and boys were out with rifles, shot- guns and occasionally an old revolutionary musket, hurrying along on the track of tlie devoted animals, while the woods rang with the voices more or less melodious of au equal number of dogs, of various breeds and sizes. The bears were moving at a leis- urely gait, and had only gone a short distance east from the road when the sounds of pursuit broke ujion their ears. They hastened their movements, but the cubs were incapable of rapid traveling, and the old bear would not desert her young — and was herself given rather to waddling than to racing. Just at dark they were overtaken about a mile east of the road. Tlie old bear turned at bay and the dogs gave back from her savage teeth and Hercu- lean paws. But the foremost hunters speedily came up, leveled their guns, and in an instant tlie devoted mother lay stretched in death. Meanwhile one of the cubs had hurried away into the fast darkening forest, and the other had climed the most convenient tree. The former escaped from its enemies; the latter only postponed its fate. The hunters built a fire near the tree, and stood guard by turns all night over — or rather under — the unfortunate cub. When daylight revealed his hiding-place among the branches he too was shot, and the citizens around had an opportunity of comparing tlie merits of old bear meat and young hear meat for several day.s afterwards. By 1830, however, the deer and bear were becoming scarce. Some lingered for a few years longer, but by 1840 there was hardly one to be seen. If one ap- peared it was probably a straggler from the low grounds of Middleburg, where they stayed till a still later date. By 1830, the log houses of the first pio- neers had begun to be exchanged for frames, and in the course of the next decade the exchanges had gen- erally taken place, and tlie township had put on the general appearance of a civilized district. By 1830 there was a small settlement at tlie loAver mill on Rocky river (since known as Albion), but there was yet no hotel or store there. Mr. M. E. Gallup, who came into town, a boy, in 1833, says that at that time Ebenezer Prindle was keeping tavern at Strongsville Center. Emory and Warner Strong were then selling goods on the corner and old ^Ir. Strong about the same time established a store in a new brick building. Emigration was now brisk, and so was business of all kinds. These were the celebrated "flush times," when paper moner was issued in unlimited (piantities, by irresponsible banks, and everybody appeared to expect to get rich in a few months. About 1834 Benjamin Northrop, commonly called Judge Nor- throp came from Albion, New York, located at the lower mill and built a carding machine and fulling mill there. The people around were anxious to have such an establishment in town and readily furnished supplies of timber and other material on credit; tak- ing their pay afterwards in clotli and work. The set- tlement there rapidly increased, Mr. Northrop was recognized as the principal man in it, and in honor of his former residence he named it Albion. Two or three years later Judge Nortlirop built a woolen factory in connection with his carding works. Albion rapidly increased; several stores and other places of business were erected, and the new village went entirely ahead of its more staid competitor, Strongsville Center. Even the great financial crisis of 1837, which brought ruin upon a large majority of the business men of the United States, did not stop the growth of Albion. When they were short of money for small change the "borough," for the place was incorporated under that title, issued scrip, signed bv Judge Northrop as mayor, which passed current in tlie immediate vicinit}-. A Baptist church, whieii was at first also used as a school-house, was built at Albion as early as 1835. It was occupied with more or less regularity until 1871, when it was removed to Beiea.* An Episcopal church was also organized at Albion, and a church edifice erected in 1841. There was like- wise a Methodist church in a flourishing condition; of these three, the Methodist church alone remains. In the forepart of 1843, probably in February, a fire occurred in Albion, which not only destroyed a large part of the village, but inflicted a blow on its prosperity from which it never recovered. Thei'c were then six stores, three or four blacksmith shoj)s, several other shops and thirty or forty dwellings. These were mostly on the main road on the top of the hill, while the mills, the factoiy, the distillery, etc., were on the creek below. The fire began on the flat, and the wind drove it rapidly up tiie hill and along the street to the southward, destroying nearly ♦Elder Freeman preached in it for three or four years before 1847, at which time it was moved and repaired. After ISl", the first preacher was Rev. Mr. Guernsey, and next the Rev. Mr. Dibble. Rev. Mr. Hubbard succeeded and preached until the beginning of the war. Elder Wood preached a year or so after Mr. Hubbard and .since then there have only been occasional services. STRONGSVILLE. 525 all tlio business part of the village, aud reiideriug fourteen families hoineles.s. The decline of the place dated from this time, but tiie fire was not immediatel\' fatal. Some liouses were rebuilt, and some ])laces of business were re- established. The travel still continued brisk along the old tiu'npike, and this, of course, made business for the taverns and, to some extent, for the stores. Tnisk and Tuttle built a tannery in 18-14, which did a good business for many years. Mr. H. R. Bradley says that when he came in 1849, Albion was still quite a prosperous place. Many four-horse and six-horse teams traveled the road, drawing big wagons with I ires six inches wide, heavily loaded with farm pro- duce destined for Cleveland, or with articles from tliat place for use in the country. But when the rail- road was built through Middleburg in 1851, a large part of this travel left the turnpike, and the glory of All)ion faded slowly but steadily away. Meanwhile Strongsville Center continued on a more even tenor. Even while Albion was most prosperous, the voting-place for the township continued to be at the center, and after the decay of the former village, the center still continued to be the common gather- ing place for the farmers around, and the trading place for those who did not go outside of the town- slii]) for that purpose. .Judge Northrop sold the woolen factory at Albion in 1849, to Dr. St. Clair, and removed to Cleveland. I>r. St. Clair ran the factory several years, and sold it to Lester Miles, who made a gristmill of it, though he still kei)t up the carding works. The mill was burned in 18G0. Jlr. ■\Iiles rebuilt it, and operated it several years. He was succeeded by Milo Haynes who did a large business for a time; but business linally dropped away, and now little remains .save the frame to tell of the busy times of old. When the war for the Union calleil the youth of our country to arms, Strongsville i)romptly responded Id the cry, and her sons, through four years of con- llict with the foe, showed that they, too, could meet hardship and danger as readily as had their sires in the struggle to subdue the wilderness. Their names will be found with their resjjective regiments and batteries in the general history of the county. During the war the old turnpike, which for thirty years had been one of the principal highways of this part of the country, was surrendered to the i)ublic by its owners, and the gates were permanently removed. Since tlie close of the war the career of Strongsville has been that of a (|uiet country township, where prosiierous farmers, year after year, gather and mar- ket the j)roduce of a fertile soil, and where healthful breezes invigorate the sturdy inhabitants, but where there is known but little of the excitement which agi- tates the great centers of business. Before passing to our sketches of the existing ihurches, we will mention some of the prominent men, and members of the various professions, who in their youth were residents of Strongsville, and who have "graduated," so to speak, from its borders. The names of resident representatives in the legislature, however, are given in the chapter of the general his- tory devoted to the higher otlicers of the county, while those of townslii}) officials succeed the sketches of the churches. The official and professional gen- tlemen formerly of Strongville, are, according to a published list, as follows: Judges, Walter F. Stone, Benjamin Northrop, Perry Bosworth ; physicians, Henry I'arker, Jonathan Pope, C. E. Tupper, Albert Southworth, Calvin Pom- eroy, John F. Whitney and R. S. Hubbard. To these maybe added the resident physicians. After Dr. Bald- win, before mentioned, or about the time he left, which was near 1830, came Dr. Boswell Ti-ask, who staid nearly twenty years, and died in the township. Dr. H. L. W. Leonard came somewhat later, and sur- vived Trask. He died in Strongsville only a few years ago. The present physicians are Dr. Hudson, Dr. Berghoff, and Dr. McConnel. Ministers, Thomas W. Pope, David Warwick, George A. Stone, D.D., Wm. C. Rodgers, Stanley G. Pope, Calvin 0. Freeman, Hiram Brooks, Cyrus Colton, Lyman Freeman, I''la- vel Brittan, Levi Sabin. Lawyers, L. L. Bowen, Sidney Strong, (Jeorge H. Foster, Henry E. Foster, Carlos M. Stone, Myron Sabin, Erastus F. Miles. I'IRST CONGREGATIONAL (NOW PRESBTTEIilAX) CHURCH OF STRONGSVILLE. This church was organized at Strongsville Center on the lOtli day of October, 181 T, Reverend Messrs. William Uanford and Luther Humphrey being j)res- ent. The first members were Seth Goodwin and De- borah, his wife; Ahijah Haynes aud Jerusha, his wife; Guilford Whitney and Anna, his wife; HoUis Whit- ney and Barincey Hilliard. Guilford Whitney was the first deacon, and Ahijah Haynes the .second. For two years the church was unable to emjiloy a regular minister, or build a church edifice. Services, however, were held with --2''2^^Z_.<^<^-^ ne; assessor, Roswell Trask; justice of the peace, Dr. H. L. W. Leonard. 1H4."). Clerk. Bantord CJilbert; trustees, Eliakim Lyon, Chas. Tupper, M. Stone; treasurer, M, E. Stone; assessor, Roswell Trask. 1S46. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Koswell Trask, Abial Haynes, Flavel Whitney; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Jno. Watson, 1847. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Abial Haynes, Flavel Whitney, Philander Pope; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Roswell Trask; Justice of the peace, Alanson Pomeroy. I8IS. Clerk. David Harvey; triist'es, Abial Haynes, Flavel Whitney, Philaniler Pope; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Augustus P. Howe: justice of the peace, Harmon Stone. 1840. Clerk, Montraville Stone; trustees, Cyrus Parmenter, David Heazlit. P Pope; treasurer, M. E. Giallup; assessor, E. Merril. I8Sfl. Clerk. M. Stone; trustees. Philander Pope. Alanson Pomeroy, Francis Bryant: treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace, Alanson Pomeroy. Wil. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, P. Pope, A. Pomeroy, Francis Bryant; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace. Dr. J. J. St. Clair. 18.V2. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy, Ahijah Haynes, Chas. Ashley; treasurer. Jubal Whitney; assessor. O. H. Hoyt. 18.1.3. Clerk. M. Stone; trustees, A Pomeroy, Ahijah Haynes, Chas Ashley; treasurer, .Tubal Whitney; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace, John Miller. 1K)4. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy. Ahijah Haynes, Chas- Ashley; treasurer, Jubal Whitney; assess ir, O. H. Hoyt. 18.5.'). Clerk, M. E. .Stone; trustees, Caleb Carpenter, D. S. Lyon, Benj. Tuttle; treasurer, Warner Strong: assessor, A. P. Howe. 18.Ti'i. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy, W. H. Ashley, A. T. Sandei-son; treasurer, Abial Haynes; assessor, O. H. Hoyt. 18.7r. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; tnistees. M. E. Stone, Wm. Heazlit, E. H. Reeil; treasurer, 51. E. Gallup; assessor. C. T. Rogers. 18.W. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt: trustees. E. H. Reed, M. Stone. Wm. Heazlit; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, C. T. Rogers; justice of the peace, M. Stone. 18.50. Clerk, Alson H. Pomeroy; trustees M. E. Gallup, M. Stone, Jehiel Dunham; treasurer, Milton Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt. 18(i0. Clerk. Milo S. Haynes; trustees, Abial Haynes, J. Dunham, Wm. Heazlit: treasurer. Milton Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace, Lester Miles. 18«1. Clerk. A. H. Pomeroy; trustees, E. H. Reed. H. S. Dewey, Abi. jah Haynes: treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, Lester Miles. 18«3. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees' H. S. Dewey, D. S. Lyon, R. A. Carpenter; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Edward Haynes. 18(i:!. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, H. S. Dewey, D. S. L.\on. R. A, Carpenter; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Edward Haynes; juslice of the peace, Lester Miles. 18B4. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, W. H. Ashley, A. T. Sanderson, G. W. Dunn; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, Milion Gallup; justice of the peace, M. Stone. 18(15. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, R. A. Carpenter. W. H. Ashley, W. II. Strong: treasurer, E. H. Reed; a.ssessor, M. S. Haynes. 1866. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, W. H. Ashley, G. B. Strong, Jubal Whitney: treasurer, E. H. Reed: assessor, E. H. Wing: justice of the peace, Lester Miles. 1807. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. K. Drake, Wm. Heazlit, R. A. Carpentei ; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, M. S. Haynes; justice of the peace, M. Stone. 1868. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, Hazen Lathrop, Wm Heazlit, R. A. Carpenter; treasuqer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Henry P. Miles. imtt. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, Hazen Lathrop, Wm. Heazlit, S. T. Gibson; assessor, M. S. Haynes; trea.surer, E. H. Reed; justices of the peace, Lester Miles, R. A. Carpenter. 1870. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt: trustees, Edward Clement, Wm. Heazlit, S. T. Gibson; treasurer, E. U. Reed; assessor, D. K. Drake. 1871. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, M. Gallup, E. Cle- ment: treasurer, M. E. Gallup: assessor, D. K. Drake. 187S. Clerk, O. H, Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E. Clement; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the peace, Lester Miles. 1873. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E Clement; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the peace, D. K. Drake, 1874. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E. Cleme.it; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake. 1875. Clerk, O. H. Ho3^; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, Jas. Preston; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake: justices of the peace, F. J. Bartletl. D. K. Drake. 1H70. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt: trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, .las. Preston: treasurer, M. E. Gallup; a.ssessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the peace, David E. Hier. 1877, Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, O. D. Pomeroy, Lorenzo Strong, Henry M. Whitney; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt. 1878. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, O. D. Pomeroy, H. M. Whitney, E. H. Reed; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justices of the peace, F. J. B:irtlett, Henry W. Merrick. 187!). Trustees, O. I). Pomeroy, E. H. Reed, William Richards; clerk. M. S. Haynes; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, B. B. Heazlit. ALANSON POMEROY. I'lio hito Alanson Pomeroy whose iKiino is held in high esteem by tlie people of SlrongsviUc, was horn in Northampton, Massachusetts, February iO, 18()5. He was tiic son of Ebenezer and Violaty (Thayer) Pomeroy, and was the fifth of a family of eight children, consisting of five sons and three daughters. Ebenezer Pomeroy left Northampton about the year 1817, and removed to Onondaga county. New York, where he remained five years. He then pushed for- ward to what was considered the " Far West," and in 1822 settled in Strongsville, where he spent the re- mainder of his life. He was accidentally killed in August, 1835, by falling from a wagon. The subject of this memoir remained in the pater- nal home until the death of his father. His advan- tages for schooling were quite limited, but he pos- sessed an active mind with a faculty for picking up scraps of knowledge in his daily life, and thus learned many practic:il lessons which were never forgotten. The first years of his residence in Strongsville were spent in hel[)ing to clear up his father's farm, and to make it a comfortable home. In addition to his farm- ing he after a while engaged in the mercantile busi- ness at Strongsville Center, in partnership with Mr. Benjamin Northrup, and subsequently with ifr. Whitney. Beginning with nothing but his own in- dustry, skill and integrity, by dint of pe:.sevcr:iiice and good management he gradually acquired a con- siderable pro])erty. In 1870 bis health becoming very poor, lie retired from active business. He, how- ever, received no permanent benefit from so doing, and died in the seventy-second year of his age, on the 4th day of January, 1S77, after a painful and lingering illness. In all local affairs Mr. Pomeroy took an tictive and prominent part. For many years he held the office of justice of tlie peace. He also was one of tlie in- corporators of the First National Bank of Berea, which he assisted in organizing, and of wliiihlie was a director until his decease. He was a member of tlie Congregational Church of Strongsville, and his circumstances enabled him to take the lead in supporting it. He also contributed liberally to the American .Missionary Associ:itioii, the Western Book and Tract Society and other Chiistian organizations. He increa.'sed materially the funds of Western Reserve College, of Baldwin University, and 528 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. of Berea College, Keatucky, and gave several thou- sand dollars to Oberlin. Mr. Pomeroy's acquaintance in business circles was quite extensive in different sections of the State where he had capital invested. He was particularly noted for his sterling integrity and business tact. What he performed was always thorouglily done. He was very tenacious of liis reputation for fidelity to engagements of all kinds, suffering nothing to deter him from keeping an appointment or agreement. He was a strong believer in the duty and dignity of labor. With the industrious poor he always sym- jiathized; often helping them out of pecuniary dif- ficulties. Every branch of what he considered true reform drew forth liis active and hearty support. He possessed a warm heart and generous dispostion, but was reserved and shrank from public notoriety. He was very careful not to wound the feelings of any one, and his counsel and advice was souglit for by many. The news of liis death was received with sensations of ))rofound sorrow, and his loss will long be felt in the community in which he had resided over half a century. Mr. Pomeroy was married on the 9th day of Janu- ary, 1831, to Miss Kezia Pope, duugliter of Jonathan and Kezia Pope, of Strongsville. Mrs. Pomeroy was l)orn in 1809, and is still living in Strongsville, sur- rounded by an affectionate family and esteemed by all who know her. Mr. and Mrs. Pomeroy had nine cliildron: The two eldest, Hollish L. , born November 20, 1832. and Lorency, born April 10, 1S34, died in infancy; A. H., born March 7, 1836, is cashier of the First National Bank of Berea; Orlando D., born January 7, 1830, resides near Strongsville, engaged in farming; Elizabeth C, born November 39, 1840, is the wife of Henry K. Day, of Elyria, Ohio; Vienna, born July 3, 184.3, is the wife of C. W. D. Miller, of Berea; Hollis C, born March 13, 1846, died in infancy; PerlinaM., born August 19, 1849, married W. W. Smith, of Strongsville; Harlan, born June 27, 1853, now at home, is a graduate of the Cleveland Homoepatliic College. CHAPTER LXXXVII. ■WARRENSVIIjLB. Boundaries. Soil etc.— Attempt at Settlements — Prevented by an Acci- dent — Daniel Warren— Naming the Township— First Death and Birth —James Prentiss— .\sa Stiles— Jacob Russell— Peleg Brown— Benja. min Sharp — Josiah Abbott — Enoch Gleason— Jedediah Hubbell— Ansel Young— J. E. Adams— Householders in 1829— Civil Organization- First Officers— List of Officers— Items from Township Book— Town Hall— Roads and Railroads— Randall— Warrensville Center— Manufac- tures— Public SL-hools- The United Society of Believers— Its Origin- Names of Earlj- Members— Present Situaiion— Protestant Methodist Church — Disciple Church— The Free Church — The Methodist Episco- pal Church. This townshii) is situated southeast from Cleve- land, and was designated in the survey of the Western lleserve as township seven in range eleven. It is bounded on the north by the townships of East Cleve- land and Euclid; on the east by Orange; on the south by Bedford, and on the west by Nevvburg and East Cleveland. The surface is level, and the entire area may be cultivated. It was originally covered with a flue growth of timber, but the greater part has been removed and the township has been cut up into small farms, but few exceeding eighty acres in extent. The soil varies from a stiff clay to a light loam, and is generally productive. In some localities its fertility is increased liy artificial drainage, but usually the country is sufficientl}' undulating to carry off the sur- face water. The streams are but small brooks, and the water power is very limited. PIONEEH SETTLERS. The first attempt to settle the township was made in June, 1807, by Horace Burroughs, Rodolph Cat- tern, Jacob Cattcrn and another whose name is not remembered. They came with the intention of locating near the center. While on their way thither they treed a bear which they determined to kill. Having chopped the tree nearly off, they left Jacob Cattern to deliver the finishing blows while they went in the direction in which it would fall so that they could 1:111 the bear when the tree should reach the ground. The tree fell and the bear was killed. They then called Jacob, but received no response, and on running to the butt of the tree they found him lying there, dead. He had been killed by a limb struck off from a neighboring tree. This sad accident caused the comrades of the deceased to return home and abandon the enterprise. The first actual settlement was made by Daniel Warren. He came from New Hampshire to Paines- ville in the fall of 1808.' He was very poor, his household effects consisting of only the most common articles. A barrel set on end with tlie end-board of the wagon laid on top served as a table. Nearly all the cooking and baking was done in a five-quart iron kettle. In the fall of 1809 he removed to Newburg, and soon after began building a cabin in Warrens- ville, two and a half miles away. It was finished without the use of a nail. To this he moved his fam- ily on the 4th day of January, 1810, in the following manner, as related by Mr. Warren himself: " I procured a horse on which Mrs. Warren with her babe, about three weeks old, rode; my two-year- old boy I carried on my back, and my neighbor Pivn- tiss carried our few 'traps' in an ox-te-am; and in this way we arrived safe, two and a half miles from any other house. Mrs. Warren remarked: 'We left N^ew Hampshire to go into the wilderness, and I guess we have made it out now.' The fii*st run of sledding after this, our friends from Newburg and Cleveland (everybody was a friend in those days) came out to the number of fifty to give us a house-warming, and although they crowded the cabin, a jollier set never graced a palace. Inasmucli as Mrs. Warren was the first woman in the township the comjiany gave her WARRENSVILLE. 529 the privilege of naming it, and she proposed Warrens- ville, which was adopted by acclamation. It was past midnight when the party started to return home, after having spent a most enjoyable evening." Jlrs. Warren was a true pioneer woman. She would often remain alone several days with her young family while her husband was away following his trade as a brickmaker, and once, when returning from Newburg, was followed by a pack of howling wolves, from which she had a narrow escape. Bears, too, sometimes came quite near the cabin, but Mrs. Warren was never much alarmed even by such un- ple;isant neighbors. She resided in the township un- til her death, October, 1869. Daniel Warren died in 18G2. The infant child spoken of died in 1811, this being the first death in the township. In their family, also, occurred the first birth in Warreusville, that of a sou born December 2G, 1813, who was named William H. Warren, and who yet resides on lot fifty-three near tlic place of his birth. The other sons of Daniel Warren were named Iliram V., Moses N., James M. and Othello. The daughters were Paulina and Julia C. In 1815 Moses Warren, the father of Daniel, came to live in the township, settling on lot fifty- four. His sons, besides Daniel, were William and >[osos. The latter is yet a resident of East Cleve- land. James Prentiss, a Revolutionary soldier, and the father-in-law of Daniel Warren, settled on lot thirty- two some time after 1810, residing there until his death in 1817. A daughter (Betsey) died in 1813, this being the first death of an adult in the township. He had sons named Robert, James, Samuel M. and Cyrus. The latter removed to Ravenna, where he be- came the first president of the Cleveland and Pitts- burg Railroad. Asa Stiles came to the Warren neighborhood from New York about 1813. He had three sons named Amos, Ilirani and Wilbur. About the same time Jacob Russell, also a New Yorker, settled on lot twenty-three, where lie died in 1834, aged seventy- five years. He had a large family, tiie sons being Ralph, Rodney, Elijah, Elisha and Return. Almost all of the family became Shakers, among whom some of them yet reside. A little later Peleg Brown set- tled on lot sixty-three, where he lived until his re- moval to Indiana in 1837. About tlic same time Fred. G. Williams became a resident of lot forty-one, where hu lived until he joined the Mormons and moved with them to tlie AVest. Benjamin Thorp came about 1813 and settled on lot si.xty-two. In 1838 he moved to Michigan. His brother-in-law, William Sickel, settled on the same lot about the same time, where he followed his trade as a shoemaker until his death, about 1836. On lot fifty-four Josiah Abbott lived before 1816 until his removal to Missouri several years later; Abraham S. Honey and Chester Risley cast their for- tunes in the same locality about 1815, and becoming interested in the Shaker movement, joined the North Union Community. About the same time Caleb Baldwin settled on lot forty-eight, where he lived un- til he was led otf by the Mormons. Somewhat later came Enoch Gleason, from Berkshire, Massachusetts, and located on lot sixty-seven. He had seven sons named Milo, Ariel, Ephraim, Almon, Enoch, Perry and Loren. The Baldwins and the Gleasons were the only families that lived east of thecenter before 1820. Jedediah Hubbell came in 1815, or earlier, and made slight improvements on lot seventy-one. He moved away after a few years, but in 1822 returned, and was a citizen of the township many years. He had a large family, all but one being now dead. Ansel Young was an early settler on lot forty-two; Gabriel Culver on lot eighty-three; Reuben and Beck- with Cook, on lot seventy-four; Aruna R. Baldwin on lot thirteen; Moses Higby on lot one hundred and five; and Nehemiah Hand on lot twenty-five. Most of these did not remain long in the townshij), but re- moved to points farther west. In 1819 John and Luther R. Prentiss came from New Hampshire with a one-horse team, the journev occuiiying twenty-eight days. John settled on lot thirty-eight, but in 1834 removed from the townshiji. Luther R., when he began life for himself on lot sixty-three, had nothing (aside from one outfit of wearing apparel,) but an extra pair of shoes and a razor. He persevered, however, until he became the owner of seventy acres of land. He is yet a resident of the township, living near the center. Of a familv of six children three remain in Warrensville. Before 1819 came James Johnson, Salmon Buell, David Benjamin, Moor Bell and Abel Shepard. Bazaleel and Warren Thorp came after 1820 and set- tled in the eastern part of the township, where mem- bers of the family yet reside. About 1826 Col. Jolin E. Adams settled on lot fifty-one, on the Stark Edwards place, where he built the first and only stone house in the township. In 1829 the householders of Warrensville were J. E. Adams, Wm. Addison, Peleg Brown, Gabriel Culver, Sylvester Carber, David Benjamin, Jedediah Hubbell, Appleton Collister, James Johnson, Orrin J. Hubbell, Thomas Kneale, Asa Stiles, Abel SJiep- ard, Daniel S. Tyler, Benj. Thorp, Daniel Warren, Moses Warren, Moses Warren, Jr., Wm. Kellcy, Isaac Cooper, Return Russell, Salmon Bucll, Benja- min Sawyer, Elisha Russell, Andrew Barber, John Woodruff, Ra]i)h Russell, Moor Bell, Enocli Gleason, Ebenczer Russell, Beckwith Cook, Ei)hraim (Heason, X. C. Hains, Nehemiah Hand, James Lee, Daniel Pillsbury, Job Hand, Thomas Radcliff, Lyman Wight, Oliver Ransom Caleb Baldwin, F. L. Burnett, Jo- seph Clyne, Nathan Goodspeed, Ansel Jenny, Wm. Fairchild, Dayton Thorp, Isaac Lassler, Jefferson Wallace, Bazaleel Thorp, Andrew Wilson, Wm. Watterson, Warner Thorp, Thomas Collister, John Kelly, Wm. Cain, Thomas Cain, George Kent, Wm. Kerruish and probably a few others. After this 530 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. period the immigration was so great that no further account can be given of individual settlers. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. Agreebly to an order of the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county, the legal voters of the township of Warrensville assembled at the house of Josiah Ab- bott, November 7, 1816, to elect officers to serve un- til the annual election, in April, 1817. Daniel Warren was elected chairman, and James Prentiss, Feleg Brown and Wm. Sickel were chosen judges of election. The following officers were then elected: James Prentiss, Peleg Brown, Wm. Sickel, trustees; F. G. Williams, clerk; Josiah Abbott, treasurer; Robert Prentiss, constable; Moses Warren, Robert Prentiss, poor masters; Benjamin Thorp, Abraham S. Honey, fence viewers. Daniel Warren was elected justice of the peace and received his commission January 6, 1817. Besides the above named the voters at this election were James Johnson and Humphrey Nichols— thirteen in all. Since 1816 the principal officers have been the following: 1817. Trustees, James Prentiss, Peleg Brown, Wm. Sickel; clerk, F. G. Williams; treasurer, Caleb Baldwin. 1818. Trustees, Gabriel Culver, Daniel R. Smith, Robert Prentiss; clerk, F. G. Williams; treasurer, Caleb Baldwin. 1819. Trustees, Ralph Russell, Daniel R. Smith, Caleb Baldwin; clerk, Ansel Yonng; treasurer, Daniel R. Smith. 1820. Trustees, Caleb Litch, Asa Stiles, Caleb Alvord; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Edmund MoUet; 18-Jl. Trustees, Josiah Abbott, David Benjamin, Enoch Gleason; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Chester Risley. 1822. Trustees, Robert Prentiss, Gabriel Culver, Solomon Buel; clerk, F. G. WiUiams; treasurer, Beckwith Cook. 1823. Trustees, Robert Prentiss, Enoch Gleason, David Benjamin; clerk, Martin Clark; treasurer, John Prentiss. 1834. Trustees, Jedediah Hubbell, John Prentiss, Milo Gleason; clerk, Almon Kingsbury; treasurer, Salmon Buel. IfSS. Trustees, Orrm J. Hubbell, Caleb Baldwin, Milo Gleason; clerk, P. ).. Brown; treasurer, Sylvester Carber. 18^6. Trustees, Orrin J. Hubbell, Caleb Baldwin, Moses Warren; clerk, P. L. Brown ; treasurer, Enoch Gleason. 182T. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Daniel Warren, Asa Stiles: clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell ; treasurer, Peleg Brown . 1828. Trustees, Enoch Gleason. Daniel WaiTen, Beckwith Cook ; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Asa Stiles. 1829. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Nathaniel Goodspeed, David Benja- min; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Daniel Pillsbury. 1830. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Gabriel Culver, Andrew Wilson; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Moses Warren. 1831. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Jedediah Hubbell, Horace Hamilton ; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Jloses Warren. I8;i2. Trustees, Milo Gleason, John WoodrutT, Horace Hamilton; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell ; treasurer, Moses Warren. 1833. Trustees, Orrin J. Hubbell, Moses Warren, Jr., Samuel M. Pren- tiss; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1834. Trustees, Gabriel Culver, Bazaleel Thorp, Solyman Hubbell; clerk. Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Orrin J. Hubbell. 1835. Trustees, Milo Gleason, Bezaleel Thorp, Nathaniel Lyon; clerk Wm, H. Cole; treasurer, Asa Upson. 1836. Trustees, Luther R. Prentiss, Elijah W. Bronson. Frederick Sillsby; clerk, Parker Boynton; treasurer, Asa Upson. 1837. Trustees, Amos Birchard, Milo Gleason, Moses Warren; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole. 1838. Warren Thorp, Milo Gleason, Andrew Wilson; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole, 1839. Trustees, W^arren Thorp, Asa Upson, Amos Birchard; clerk, Milo Gleason, treasurer, Wm. H. Cole. 1840. Moses Warren, Jr., Andrew Wilson, John G. Proper; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; Elijah W. Bronson. 1841. Trustees, Moses Warren, Jr., Everett HoUey, John G. Proper; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, David Birchard. 1812. Trustees, Erastus Smith, Oliver Ransou, Pliny S. Conkey; clerk, Milo Gleason; treasurer, Amos Birchard. 1S13. Trustees, Linus Clark, Albert Kingsbury, PUny S. Conkey; clerk, Milo Gleason; treasurer, Truman Eggleston. 1844. Trustees, Otis Lyon, Russell Frizzell, Henry Wetherby; clerk, Albert Kingsburj'; treasurer, Truman Eggleston. 1845. Trustees, Thomas Cain, John Hewett, Russell Frizzell; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, W'm. H. Cole. 1846. Trustees, Thomas Cain, John Hewitt, James Clapp; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer. Wm. H. Cole. 1847. Trustees, Linus Clark, John Hewitt, James Clapp; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Wm. H. Warren. 1848. Trustees, Nathan Lyon, Henry Gleason, James Clapp; clerk, Wm. H. Warren ; treasurer, Oliver Ranson. 1849. Trustees, Nathan Lyon, Henry Gleason, Wm. Bowler; clerk, Wm. H. Cole; treasurer, Oliver Ranson. 18.50. Trustees, Henry Wetherby, Russell Frizzell, James Clapp; clerk, Wm. H. Cole; treasurer, Oliver Ranson. 1851. Trustees, Linus Clark, Russell Frizzell, Moses W'arren, Jr.; clerk. Wm. H. Warren; treasurer, Asa Upson. 1852. Trustees, Linus Clark, Russell Frizzell, JohnT. RadclifE; clerk, Wm. H. Warren ; treasurer, Asa Upson. 1853. Trustees, Asahel Lewis, Russell Frizzell. John T. Radcliff; clerk, ^Vm. H. W'arren; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1854. Trustees, Moses Warren, Wm. H. Cole, John T. Radcliff; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1855. Trustees, Russell Frizzell, Andrew Wilson, Henry Gleason : clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1856. Trustees, Russell Frizzell, Andrew Wilson, Henry Gleason; clerk, Linus Clark; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1857. Trustees, Gad E.Johnson, Henry Wetherby, Everett Holley; clerk. W. S. Cannon ; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1858. Trustees, Gad E. Johnson, Moses Warren, Everett Holley ; clerk, Solyman Hubbell; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1859. Trustees. James K. Quayle, Andrew Wilson, Asahel Lewis; clerk, Solyman Hubbell; treasurer, Hart Tayler. 1860. Trustees, James K. Quayle, Moses Warren, H. N. Clark; clerk, Milo Gleason ; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1861. Trustees, James Clapp, Moses Warren, H. Wetherby; clerk, E. Holley; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff. 1862. Trustees, B. F. Eddy, Robert Smith, H. Wetherby; clerk, Wm. H. Warren; John M. Burke. 1863. Trustees, Otis Farrar, Robert Smith, James K. Quayle; clerk, Wm. H. W^arren; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff. 1864. Trustees, Otis Farrar, John Radcliff, Jr., James K. Quayle; clerk, Wm. Taylor; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff. 1865. Trustees, John Radchff. Jr., Otis Farrar, A. S. Kingsbury; clerk, J. M. Burke; treasurer, O. B. Judd; 1866. Trustees, John Radcliff, Jr., Robert Drake, H. N. Clark; clerk, Hammond Clapp; treasurer, O. B. Judd. 1867. Trustees, John Radcliff. Jr., Wm. H. Warren, D. L. Wightman; clerk. Edwin Taylor; treasurer, O. B. Judd; 1868 Trustees, J. P. Thorp, Wm. H. Warren, John Radcliff, Jr. ; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, G. E. Johnson. 1869. Trustees, J. P. Thorp, Wm. H. Warren, John Radcliff, Jr.; treasurer, W. W. Blair; treasurer, G. E. Johnson. 1870. Trustees, L. R. Prentiss, John Caley, G. W. Harland; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1871. Trustees, Elermie Earle, T. Nelson, G. W. Harland ; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1872. Trustees, Elermie Earle, T. Nelson, G. W. Harland; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1873. Trustees, A. S. Cannon, J. Leppert, Jr., R. Walkden; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, D. P. Badger. 1874. Treasurer. A. S. Cannon, E. Earle, R. Walkden; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, D. P. Badger. 1875. Trustees, Thomas Harland, E. Earle, A. J. Conkey; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, John Shirringer. 1876. Trustees, A. S. Cannon, Robert Walkden, A. J. Conkey; clerk, W. W. Smith; treasurer, John Shirringer; 1877. Trustees, John C. Teare, John Radcliff, Jr., W. W. Smith; clerk, H. V. Hammond; treasurer, _D. Nowack. 1878. Trustees, John C. Teare, John Caley, W. W. Smith; clerk, H. V. Hammond; treasurer, David Wade. 1879. Trustees, Sebastian Fieg, John Caley, James Smith; clerk, H. V. Hammond; Treasurer, David Wade. The justices of the^i>eace in 1879 were William S. Corlett and Wm. H. Sanders. At the spring election in 1879 the voters numbered two hundred and sixty- In 1819 the total tax of Warrensville was §13.50, of whicli eighty cents could not be collected. In 1821, after Orange was organized, the tax was only $6.05, which was disbursed as follows: WARRENS VILLE. 531 Paid RunaR. Baldwin, constable i 54 " Ansdl Young, township clerk 1 18 " Asa Stiles, trustee 1 55 " Khenezer Russell, trustee 100 " Josiah Abbott, trustee ICO *' (Jeorge Cannon, collector GO •' (.'hester Risley, treasurer 18 It is probable tliat in the above audit tlie treasurer was jillowed all the funds left ou hand, wliicli certain- ly did not remunerate him extravagantly. In 1828 the township gave John Adams tiiirty two votes for President of the United States, and Andrew .Jackson fifteen votes for the same office. The township owns a fine brick hall at the center, anil several cemeteries, conveniently located in the most populous neighborhoods. In IST-t a large and substantial vault for burial purposes was constructed at the e.\;i)ense of tlie township, a little north of Warrensville Center. ROADS AND UAILROAD.S. In 1817 the township was divided into four road districts, with the following supervisors: Moses War- ren, Robert Prentiss, Benjamin Thorp and Syrenus Burnett. About this time the first road (the one run- ning tiirongh the center east and west,) was partially opened, and other roads underbrushed. Sometime about 1850 the former was graded and planked, but the company allowed it to go down after the first jilanks had decayed. It was used as a pul)lic road until ISTO, when the Cleveland and Warrensville plank road company put down five miles of planks, from the city limits to a point three-fourths of a mile cast of the center. The road running from the center south was also formerly planked, as well as the road from Randall, northwest to Newburg; but they have long since been used as common highways. Most of the public roads have been well graded, and are gen- erally in a fair condition. In 1879 the supervisors were Uenry Lyon, Edward Cacher, Charles Brathlott, George Leigh, John Doitch, Herbert Conkey, Peter Fehr. William Cowley, James Radclitf, Frederick Schnedker, Robert Trendall, Edward Moore, Frank A'gier, Frederick Fciir and Ifoberi Walkden. Tiie Cleveland and Mahoning and the Atlantic and Great Western raidroads pass through the southwest- ern part of the township. They use one road lied but have tracks of different gauges. RAN'DALI, STATION. A jiart of the road forms a heavy grade and the Randall station, in consetpience, is half a mile ea«t of that hamlet, and just over the Bedford township line. There are but a few buildings at the station and only about twenty houses at the ban t of Randall. The point was first known as Plank Road Station, but in 18G8 a post office was established here which was named after Alexander W. Randall, at that time i)ost- master-general, and the locality lok the same appel- lation. Nelson Beckwith was the first postmaster, but in 1870 he was succeeded by Jlr. Cliarles Gross- meyer, who yet holds the office. It has a daily mail. About 1848 George Lathrop put up a tavern at this place which became widely known at the Plank Road House. He was succeeded by Otis Farrar and others, the hotel since 1872 having been kept by Charles Grossmeyer. A second public house was here put up by Cliarles Nickerson, which was called the " Blue Tavern," and is still carried on. A few goods have also been sold at these places. WARREN.SVILLE CENTER. This was fortnei'ly a place of more importance than at present. It contains a Methodist church, the town hall, a fine school-building and eight or ten houses. About 1844 Dwyer Sherman put up the present tav- ern, which has been kept by Nickerson, Teed, Kings- bury, McKee, Birchard and many others. Another hotel directly ojiposite was destroyed by fire. One and a half miles west on the plank road a fine country hotel was opened in October, 1877, by A. A. Gillette and is yet conducted by him. Parker Boynton had the first store in the jihice, selling his stand to E. W. Brunson. Birchard & Brewer, John M. Burke, Wm. H. Warren and others have also been in trade there. At present I). Nowack has a small store and is postmaster of an office which has a tri-weekly mail from Chagrin Falls. Milo Gleason was the first postmaster, keeping the office at his residence. His successors are Amos Birchard, John McKce, Chester Button, John M. Burke, W. H. Warren, Edwin Taylor, and the present incumbent. THE MANUFACTLRING INTERESTS of the township have been few and limited to the common kinds. Many years ago a steam sawmill was put up a little west of the center by Wm. R. 'J'rues- dell, which was subse<|uently moved to its present site where it is operated by T. J. Hadcliff. It is also supplied with a run of stones for grinding feed and has machinery for making cider. On Mill Brook two sawmills were formerly operated by men respectively named Palmer and Flick. To Palmer's mill steam- power was suljsequently supplied but both establish- ments have long since been discontinued. The first sawmill in the township was on Shaker Brook and was put up by Ezra Smith, about 1820, or later. A gristmill was put in operation at a subse- quent period and in 1829 the Shakers built a new gristmill, having two overshot wheels and two runs of stone. In a few years they also had a linseed oil mill. A better sawmill was built by them in 1830, and some time after 18.")0 they erected a good brick building for a woolen factory, which was o))erated until about ten years ago. The society also had an establishment for the manufacture of wooden ware, a tannery and other small works; but with tlie excep- tion of their mills and broom factories no manufac- turing is at present carried on liy it. The principal industry of the Shakers as well as of the peojile of the township are the ordinary agricultural pursuits; but latelv a nunilier of small vinevards have been 533 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. planted, and some attention is paid to small fruit cultui-e. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school-house in the townshij-) was put up on the site of Gillette's hotel about 1815. It was built of rough, round logs, with a stick chimney backed with stones and capable of burning logs from four to eight feet long. William Addison was the first teacher; and other early teachers were Ansel Young and Aziel Aldrich. The pupils were from the Eussell, Honey, Warren and Prentiss families. In 1830 there were four districts in the township; at present there are eight, each I'eceiving an equal portion of the funds raised for school purposes. In 1878 this amounted to $"2, 779. 64, the greater part of which was paid for tuition. In 1875, two hundred and thirty-four male and two hundred and twenty-one female persons of school age were reported in the township, of which nine were colored. Warrensville has an excellent class of school-houses, of shapely proportions and built of brick. The one at tjio cen- ter is two stories high and was completed in 1878, at a cost of 13,400. The board of education in 1879 was composed of the following: District No. 1, Ja- cob Steuer; No. 3, J. G. Gleason, (president); No. 4, Tliomas Nelson; No. 5, Robert Carran; No. 6, Seth Kuowles; No. 7, Robert Drake; No. 8, James N. Smith; No. 9, Lafayette Conkey; V. D. Hammond, clerk. THE UNITED SOCIETY OF BELIEVEKS. This society, commonly called the Shaker commu- nity of North Union, is located in tiie northwestern part of Warrensville, eight miles from Cleveland and began operations there in the early part of 1823. The previous fall Ralph Russell, one of a number of that family, living on lots twenty-two and twenty-three, Yisited the Shaker community, at Union Village, in Warren county, to investigate their doctrines and, if acceptable, to become a member. He received their testimony and came home to remove his family thither the following spring. Meantime his exposition of the Siiaker doctrines had made sucli an impression on his friends and neighbors that when the knowledge of it came to the elders of the Union Village society, they determined to visit the locality "to open the testi- mony," and if a sufficient number believed, to estab- lish an auxiliary community there. On this mission came James Hodge and Richard Pelham on the 35th of March, 1833. After tarrying a few weeks they made a report, urging the society to carry out its purpose; and soon after, Richard Mc- Nemar, James Hodge, Richard Pelham, Anna Boyd and Betsy Dunlavey were delegated to organize the believers (Ralpli Russell, Chester Risley, Elijah Rus- sell, Riley Honey, Elisha Russell and some others) into a common family to be known with reference to the parent society as "The North Union." About this time public worship after the manner of the Shakers was first held in a log cabin on the hill near where Ralph Russell lived; and the meetings were continued with satisfactory results until the fall of the year. When the elders returned home several of the brethren from North Union accompanied them to more fully study the practical part of Shakerism, as exemplified in the usages of an older community. Their report gave every assurance of their belief that they had found the True Millennial Church. In the spring of 1833 lot twenty-two was formally consecrated after having been purchased by the trustees of the Union Village community. Other purchases were made and donations received until at present the landed property consists of nearly one thousand four hundred acres of choice land, contiguous to the orig- inal lot, which is in a good state of cultivation and has on it a number of fine farm buildings. In 1836 the framed house for the Center family was built which was the first frame at North Union, log cabins having served up to that period. The stone work was done by James S. Prescott, who came from Cleve- land for this purpose, and who was so well pleased with the Shakers that he connected himself with the society, and has remained ever since a prominent member. About this time the children, numbering twenty-five, were gathered at what is now the East house, and were placed under the care and instruc- tion of Oliver Wheeler and Prudence Sawyer. Great pains have since been taken to educate the youth of the community, which is constituted a separate school district and as such receives its portion of the State funds. The elders of the Un on Village community con- tinued to visit North Union statedly to preach and teach, and the principles of Shakerism having been practically tested, the " Covenant" was signed on the 38th of September, 1838, by Elijah Russell, James S. Prescott, Samuel Russell, Chester Risley, Return Russell, Elisha Russell, John P. Root, Wm. Andi'ews, Edward Russell, Wm. Johnson, Daniel N. Baird, Ambrose Bragg, Benjamin Hughey, Barney Cossett, Riley Honey, Ebenezer Russell, Mary E. Russell, Prudence Sawyer, Emma H. Russell, Lydia Russell 1st, Lydia Russell 3nd, Jerusha Russell 1st, Jerusha Russell 3nd, Clarissa Risley, Clarinda Baird, Melinda Russell, Hannah Addison, Caroline Bears, Candace P. Russell, Mercy Sawyer, Esther Russell, Abigail Russell, Phebe Russell, Phebe Andrews, Almeda Cossett, Adaliue Russell and Diantha Carpenter. Sixteen more brethren and twenty-seven sisters signed later in the fall of 1838, making in all eighty mem- bers. The churcli was fully organized by the election of James S. Prescott, Chester Risley, Prudence Sawyer and E.inice Russell as elders and elderesses; Return Russell, Elisha Russell. John P. Root, Lydia Russell 1st and Huldah Russell as deacons and deaconesses. As other families were formed each had its own offi- cers. At present the community is composed of three families, viz: The East family, having twenty-five WAKRENSVILLE. 533 membera, of whicli John P. Root and Charles Taylor are the elders, and Ilachael Russell and Harriet Sny- der the eldcresses. The Center Family, having thirty members, of which Samuel Miner and George W. Ingalls, are the elders; Lusetta Walker and Clyminia Miner the elderesses. The Mill Family, having twelve members of which Curtis Cramer and Watson An- drews are tlie elders; Lydia Cramer and Temperance Devan the elderesses. The duties'of the above otticers are mainly spiritual. The temporalities are controlled by a board of trus- tees, composed of James S. Prescott, Ueorge W. In- galls and Samuel S. Miner; the ollicc-deaconessess are ('andace Russell, Abigail Russell and Margaret Saw- yer. Each family has a very comfortable residence, connected witli which are shops and other buildings in wiiich the members find occupation, although agri- culture is the principal industry. Many of the mem- bers being aged and infirm, the society is obliged to employ a force of outside help to carry on its large farm. The community has always been dependent on Union Village for its ministers, who visit this place statedly to siiow the more perfect way and ''unfold the testimony," accoi'ding to the standpoint of the United Believers. At present these are Wm. Rey- nolds, Amos Parkluist, Louisa Farnham and Adaline Wells. The meeting liouse at the residence of the Center family is the second in which the community has worshiped, and was erected in 1849. It is a plain frame, fifty by one hundred feet, and has twenty-foot posts. The public meetings were discontinued in 1877, but each family maintains a meeting every Sab- bath afternoon in its assembly room, in addition to its usual devotions, to which unbelievers are admitted under proper restrictions. Tiie forms of worship have been some somewhat modified, the principal change being the substitution of marching for danc- ing; but the essential features of the community re- main as they wei'e established, half a century ago; and although the vitality of the society has been some- wliat impaired by death and other causes, it will probably be able to maintain an existence for many years to come to elucidate the principles of its mem- bers, which, although they can never be generally ac- cepted, are yet entitled to just consideration before they are utterly condemned. THE I'KOTESTANT METHODIST CHIKCU. Sometime after 1833 a society of Reformed Meth- odists was organized in the township wliich, in a short time, became the nucleus of the above society. About 1835 a meeting-house was erected at the center which was used while the church had an existence; but after 18G0, wlicn but two male members — W. II. Warren and R. P. Bennett — were left, it was sold and moved to Orange. Tiiis change from a large and flourishing membership was caused chiefly by removals and death. Among the clergy who jireached iu the church are remembered the names of Revs. Dolby, Heath, Bamford, Reeves, Tracy, Moody, Kingsley and Bowman. THE DISriPLE oirrRCH. A few years after the erection of the above church at tiu' center, a meeting-house for the use of a soci- ety of Disciples, which had been organized in the township, was built near by, and was occupied for worsliip about twenty years when its use was aban- doned and tiie house soon after removed. Anion" the prominent members of the Disciple church were the Ilubbell families. In 1842 the church had forty- two conversions and the following year the meeting of the clergy of the clergy of the denomination was held with the society. Thirteen ministers were present. For several years thereafter the church flourished, but was dismembered by removals to sucli an extent that it was not possible to longer maintain its organization. THE EKEE CHURCH OF WAKRENSVILLE. This is in the southwestern part of the townsliip and is controlled by an association, formed in Janu- ary, 18G1, which was composed of William AVatterson, John Kelley, William Kerruish, Robert Carran, Wil- liam Callon, D. L. Wightman, AVilliam P. Cain, James Boyd and Thomas Collister. An old frame school-house was purchased and has been so thoroughly repaired that it now affords a comfortable place of worship. The controlling trustees are William P. Cain, James Boyd and Thomas Taubman. The house is free for any religious sect which may choose to hold its meetings there, but has been occupied princijially by the Bible Christians. This sect also owns a neat chapel in the northeastern part of the townshijj, in which meetings are statedly held in connection with the foregoing, and other appointments in Orange where resides the pastor, the Rev. Moore. Tiie mem- bership in Warrensvilie is small, but the churcii work is in a sound condition. The society was organized December 11, 1862, with AVilliam Lang, Alexander Barber, Isaac Burt and John Short, trustees. THE METHODIST EPI.SCOPAL CHURCH IX WAKKEX.S- VILLE.* The present organization of the Methodist Episco- pal church in Warrensvilie was effected November 13, 1837, by the formation of a clsiss at the center of the township. Previous to that time a class had been formed; but it w;is soon afterwards dissolved, most of the members joining the Protestant Methodist church. The members composing the class formed at the time above stated were Silas Johnson, class leader; Ase- nath Johnson, Asa Upson, Chloe Upson, James Lee, Amos Gardner, Moses Warren. Sr., Anna Hoisted, David Cushman. Almira Cushman, Hiram B. Craine (local iireacher), Jane Craine, Warren Thorp, Han- nah Tiiorp, Fanny Bronson, Dayton Thorp, Sallv Kilby, Timothy Hoisted, Gideon Pierce, Mary A. Johnson, Gertie Johnson, Daniel Hubbard, E. L. *Bj William S. Coriett, Esq. 534 THE TOWNSHirS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Hubbard, Lydia Thomas, John Hewit, Thomas Quayle, A. Quayle, Ann Hampton, John Kneule, John Teare and 0. Boyd. The society held its meetings in the center school- house until 184.5 when a church Avas erected in that locality by Asa Upson, Kobert Smith and .John Hew- itt as a building committee. This church was con- tinuously occupied by the Methodists until burned down in 1866, when Warrensville Center was without a church building — three liaviug stood there but a short time before. Adapting themselves to the change of circumstances the Methodists returned to the school- house and continued to hold services therein. In the winter of 1867-8 a meeting of the prominent and in- fluential people of the township was held at the resi- dence of Robert Smith, whereat steps were taken to secure the erection of a new house of worship. Some time after a building committee was appointed con- sisting of Rev. Robeit Smith, Erastus Smith, Joseph Thorp, William H. Warren and Edwin Taylor, with authority to build a church at Warrensville Center. Rev. R. Smith was appointed a sub-committee to su- jjcrintend the building. The result was that in the simmer of 1868 the present commodious and conven- ient cluirch was erected. The dedicatoiy services wjre conducted by Rev. Cyrus Prendle, D.D. The church has been recently very mucli improved in ap- pearance and comfort by the ladies, headed by Mrs. D. Canieion, Mrs C. Harrison and Mrs. Eliza J. Teare. There is at present preacliing each Sabbath morn- ing, the circuit preacher alternating with tlie Rev. Robert Smith, a local deacon of the M. E. Church. In the year 1837 regular preacliing by the circuit preachers was commenced at the lladclitfe school- house, 111 Norl' 'Warrensville, and continuously kept ii|» to the pre^'Mt. Occasionally, previous to this " >. IV- iig local preachers was kept up, some- ■■; .,inf s( ■ ool-house and sometimes at private .^noo- lU't it was not till after 1837 that tlie 6rst II...-.- ivas ;)rganized. The original membe-'s compos-ing this class were James Smith, Mary Smith, Robert Smith, James Lee, Laura Loe, Caleb Litch, Mercy Litcii and Elizabeth Corijett. Tlie class was soon increased by the addi- tion of several others. .Among the first to join was Jehu Radclifife, Jr., the present recording steward of the circuit. Robert Smith has been leader of this class for about forty years. The first Sunday-school in the townshiii was or- ganized in the Radcliffe school-house by the Method- ists, and for forty years has been regularly main- tained, Robert Smith being for most of the time superintendent. At present the Sunday-school at the center and the one at Radcliffe school-house are superintended liy Wm. S. Corlett. There is a M. E. Sunday-school in the school-house in Northeast Warrensville, Rev. Seneca Thomas, suiierintendent; and recently a Sunday-school was organized in the school-house in District No. 1, in the westei-n part of township, Wm. M. Warren be'ug superintendent. The following Methodist Episcopal ministers have preached at the Center M. E. Church and the Radcliffe school-house, in connection with other preaching places, forming a circuit sometimes com- posed of several townships. At present the circuit is composed of the above two appointments in Warrens- ville, two more in Orange, and one at the Euclid stone school-house: 1837, Phillip Green, Peter Burroughs; 1838, Lo- enzo D. Prosser, J. W. Davis; 1839, John H. Hallock, William P. Wilson, Geo. C. Baker; 1840, J. H. Hallock, Milo H. Bettis; 1841, W. French, John 0. Wood; 1842, W. French, Wm. S. Warallo; 1843, W. S. Warallo, H. Elliott; 1844, John E. Aikius, Milo Bntler; 1845, J. E. Aikins, C. P. Henry; 1846, Albina Hall, D. M. Stearns; 1847, A. Hall, John H. Tagg; 1848, Samuel Gregg, W. F. Day; 1849, Ira Eddy, W. F. Day; 1850-51, A. Walker, E. C. Lattimer; 1853, A. Fonts, Samuel Raynels; 1853, A. Touts, Robert Gray; 1854, Thomas Radcliffe, Joseph Wooley; 1855, William Patterson, JohnMcCarthy; 1856, L.W. Ely, AlbertNorton; 1857, H. P. Henderson, L. E. Beardsley; 1858-9, Hiram Kellogg; 1860, Cyril Wilson; 1861, M.Williams; 1862, G. R. Bowman; 1863-4, J. K. Mendenhall; 1865-6-7, B. C. Warner; 1868-9, Thomas Radclitfe; 1870, A. Fonts; 1871, Robert Gray; 1872-3, Hiram Kellogg; 1874, C. W. Darrow; 1875, S. Collier; 1876-7, George Johns; 1878-9, F. L. Chalker. - '-' y% /^ ' • S/^^ /. . • y !F&^ N MANCHESTER, '"'^ INDIANA