f. ' ■ -■ i% ■ _■■■ . ' • ; mmmMMm 1 ■ S 38 wSngS&^j^M LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, ©fjap.:. .©tt^rig^u, UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. ceod ^COB WAl^ 188 RIVER STREET. PATERSON. N- 0. Manufacfurer of all kinds of ^ "=** Reeds, Harnesses, Lingoes, Mails* SHUTTLES *H£ QV1ILLS, DKALEK IN Weavers' Materials in General. TELEPHONE CALL 30. wmmrnmmmmm :T WORCESTER. Mass.. s 'p IUILDERS OF OPEN * SHED * FANCY t LOOHS, And Every Variety o? Weaving Machinery. We make a Specialty of Looms for Satins Bros Grain RiDtOOS. WE ALSO BUILD ^Jaqaards, Debbtes, Shedding Engines, Etc.t- SEND FOR CIRCULARS. Rise=and=Fal! 624b. Rotary Cylinder Jacquard. Our Rise=and=Fall 624=hook Rotary Cylinder Jacquard Is at present running" in Paterson at 140- picks per minute on broad silks and pro- ducing perfect cloth at that speed. We invite you to inspect this Jacquard at the store of our Paterson Agent, Holden Rigby, Washington and Fair Streets, where we shall be pleased to show you its superior mechanism in actual operation. SCHAUM & UHLINGER, Philadelphia, U. S. A. 7is -^t/^i^tsuz/tt^yn/ ^CJu tebe^tA ^X<4^C «3THE[> SILK CALCULATOR A PRACTICAL MANUAL SILK CALCULATIONS Yarn Comparative Tables, Weight Tables, Calculations of Silks and Calculation Blanks. THIRD EDITION. JOHN J: RUEGG. SUPERINTENDENT FOR GOLDEN ROD SILK COMPANY. PATERSON, N. J. /W^Wwe^ PATERSON, N. J.: CALL PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1894. k^> T\S/4>7/ •[Second edition] PREFACE, Nothing is more necessary to the Silk Manufacturer than the ability to make up calculations quickly and accurately. To do this, he needs weight tables of warp and filling, out of which he can sec at a glance the neces- sary exact weights. These tables have been in use by the publisher For a long time and were only reprinted by tin 4 special request of some friends in the silk manufacturing trade, who, also would like to use this manual. We know that in general the calculations of silks is very complicated, and that it takes a certain education and experience to calculate with- out self-delusion, particularly complicated goods. This calculator facilitates our problem considerably by means of the calculation formularies, weight and comparative tables: on the other hand, these tables are of great use to us in the dyeing and warping departments, and will save us much trouble and time in many different ways. John J. Ruegg. Paterson, 1ST. J., Dec 1893 ^nv/7 [THIRD edition.] PREFACE. The continual demand of this work has shown how practical the " Silk Calculator" in the various manufac- turing departments has been found. This third edition has been increased considerably by Comparative Tables, Calculations of Silks in twelve qualities and articles. Yarn Calculations and explanations of decomposition and calcula- tion. The entire work now contains twenty-live tables. Considering that thick volumes can be written about calculations to explain the thousandfold knowledge gathered by twenty years 1 experience in decomposition and calculation of plain and very rich fancy goods, this "Silk Calculator" will nevertheless form a good basis to many who intend increasing their knowledge in the silk line, and in many places it is perhaps proper to obtain a more uniform and more rational system of calculation. The Polisher. CONTENTS. PAGE. Explanation of Decomposition and Calculation. . . . 7-17 Yarn Calculations 18-21 Calculations of Silks in 12 different articles and qualities 23-34 Calculation Blanks 35-110 Warp Weight Table of Raw or Thrown Silk- Length: 100 Yards 112-115 Warp Weight Table of Raw or Thrown Silk; Length : 300 Yards 116-119 Warp Weight Table of Cotton or Spun Silk Yarns; Length : 100 Yards 120-121 Filling Weight Table of Tram; Width: 20 Inches; Length : 100 Yards 124-126 Filling Weight Table of Tram; Width: 24 Inches; Length : 100 Yards 127-129 Filling Weight Table of Tram; Width: 2Hl Inches; Length : 100 Yards 130-131 Filling Weight Table of Cotton or Spun Silk Yarns; Width: 24 Inches; Length : 100 Yards ; 132 Remarks about Waste 133 Comparative Yarn Tables 136-142 THE DECOMPOSITION AND CALCULATION. THE DECOMPOSITION AND CALCULATION OF SILK IN GENERAL CONSISTS OF TEN PRINCIPAL PARTS. 1. Binders or Armures of the Web. 2. Number of ends per inch, width of cloth and reed. 3. Number of picks per inch. 4. Sizes and weights of the raw materials. 5. Dyeing. 0. Wages in the whole manufacturing process. 7. Harness and eventual designs. 8. Finishing. 9. General Expenses. 10. Selling Expenses. The manufacture of silk is so very manifold that a large amount of spe- cial kind of manufacture can be treated. The object of the Silk Calculator, however, is not to enter upon specialties, but to treat the manufacture of silk in general, and only in as much as it concerns advantageous calculation. BINDERS OR ARMURES. If we have a sample before us to calculate, we take our familiar counting glass which enlarges the web about 8 times and examine the sample by the ground binders. We see whether the binder is Tabby, Surah or Satin, Armure, combined binders or a Jacquard weave. By means of a needle holder we can specify the exact Armures, for instance, we see in a £ inch counting glass on the back of a satin sample, 8 repeats, i. e., 8 thread bind- ers; now we have to decide whether the satin binders are 5, 8, 10 or 12. For this purpose the best would be if we would slowly pull out a thread from the back of the sample and then observe after how many picks it is bound again ; if we see that it is again bound after the seventh pick, i. e. , 7 floats and 1 binder, it is a satin sample of 8, is the thread only bound after 11 picks it is a satin sample of 12, etc. In the same manner we analyze Surahs, Twills, Diagonals, Royals, Armures, etc. If we have in a satin sample 8 repeats and the binder is one of 8, we have in a quarter of an inch 8x8 = 64 ends or in one inch 4x64 = 256 ends per inch or in 21 inches 21x264 = 5376 ends. All silks weave in or take up more or less, consequently we will have to add 1, 2, or 3 per cent, of the number of ends, so that in above case, the goods are 21 in. wide after weaving. In case goods have special edges we mostly make them as much wider as the number of ends they contain, because in a number of goods, the webs do not weave in more than a quarter of an inch, in some of course i inch and more. Special weave and special finish change this rule and in the specification of ends, we have to take into consideration our experience and all circumstances. After we have the number of ends of the sample in the whole width, we will have to determine the calculation of the reed. If we want to manu- facture goods exactly as per sample, we find out the reed best, if we hold the sample and counting glass, in proper manner, up to the broad daylight, and with a little practice, we can see in an instant, that there are always a num- ber of ends together and that between each of these groups of ends there is a very small empty space. In this empty space the dent of the reed has been while weaving. We can then easily determine whether 2, 3, 4, or more ends are together. In a satin of 8 with 256 ends per inch, we can mostly specify 4 ends per dent, what in a reed of 64 dents per inch, is called a ^t. In certain loose or very rich webs, it is sometimes difficult to see the reed in the weave; an experienced calculator, however, knows his rules and choses his reed mostly around 60 dents per inch and not higher than 80 dents ; only in very few cases and only for special goods he will go as much as 100 dents per inch, the finer the reed, the better the quality of the material and the twist of the silk has to be, and the less picks the goods ought to have. To determine the number of picks, we again take the counting glass, place it on the back of the sample, very often the best is to put it on the edges and count the picks in a quarter of an inch and in an inch. Is the sample a combined web with different proportions of picks we will have to find out the picks in an inch of each web, so that we can figure it correctly in the calculation of the material. MATERIALS. After the calculator has determined warp and filling as far as number of ends and picks are concerned, he has to find out the raw material. He has to determine before anything else, whether there is in a sample Raw or Thrown Silk, Spun, Cotton or Woollen Yarns. Owing to the experience and theory of each educated calculator in regard to material, he can, in an instant determine what it is. To specify them the following rules are worthy of notice : a) RAW SILK. This material we know, if we pull out a number of ends out of a sample, by the fineness of the thread, on which we can absolutely find no twist, which therefore by ordy very little elastic extension opens out into 15, 20 or more fine threads, called cocoon threads. This material we only find in piece-dyed goods and in sizes of 16-18 — 24-26 deniers. This silk works very advantageous in manufacture. b) THROWN SILK. ORGANZINE. Under Organzine Straffilato we understand a silk twisted together out of two (for special purposes also more) ends in which the single thread receives a turn from right to left of generally 15-16 turns per inch (tilato or first twist) the doubled or compound thread a reversed turn from left to right of generally 14-12 turns per inch (torto or second twist). In Organzine Strattorto, or hard twist, the double thread receives 18 turns per inch for filato or first twist and 14 turns per inch for torto or second twist. Under Organzine moyen appret (medium twist), we understand a silk- thread with 12-14 turns per inch for filato or first twist, and 8-10 turns per inch for torto or second twist. TRAM. Tram is manufactured by generally doubling two, three, four or more Raw Silk threads to an end and then receiving a slight twist of ordinarily 2 to 3 turns per inch. RAW OR THROWN SILK is principally distinguished by its origin (Provenienz) European, Levantine, Asiatic silks with their mostly existing sub-divisions : French, Italian, Spanish, Syrian, Brassia, Nonka, Bengal, China, Canton, Japan and a great number of other gradations according to region and race. c) SPUN SILK YARN. This silk is spun out of the cocoon waste, the extreme outer and inner portion of every cocoon being used for spun silk, and cocoons which are in any way soiled or unable to produce a continuous thread. These wastes are called Struzzi. Of this fine, short material, hundreds of threads, after a preceding special process, according to sizes, are spun together to one. Spun Silk in the raw is generally yellowish or brownish, silk spun out of China waste is whitish, however; this natural color is imitated in other material by bleaching, which but with a little experience is easily distinguished. Spun Silk is mostly used in single, for filling for heavy goods, also very often in 2 ply twist as warp, with good quality Spun Silk, brilliant articles can be manufactured. d) COTTON YARN. In this material we principally distinguish two kinds: Egyptian and American Cotton. For cheap articles mostly American in 1 and 2 ply is used, but if we have rich, soft, even and lustrous Dress Silks to manufacture, we exclusively use Egyptian Cotton 1 or 2 ply, for rich Satin Cotton Backs, Bengalines, Serge for linings, etc., this material gives the best result. SIZES OF RAW OR THROWN SILK. Sizes of Raw and Thrown Silk we find the surest way in calculating, if we count the cocoon threads, by use ot the counting glass. In a raw silk 14-15 deniers we can mostly count 10 to 12 cocoon threads to which we, according to the well known basis, have to add £ to get the sizes of the deniers. If, for instance, we extract out of a sample 12 ends we establish the sizes as follows : Organzine, threads I. II. III. IV. Y. YI. Y1I. YIII. IX. X. XI. XII. show Cocoon threads 17 18 21 17 23 18 18 19 19 21 17 18. An average of 18, 7 cocoon threads. Plus i=6, 3 Total, 25 22G cocoon threads or per 1 Organzine thread 12: 226 Average=25 deniers or ||=li drams organzine. —10— The second proceeding, which we oftener use in the calculation of sizes, is, that we pull out of a sample to be examined, 24 warp or filling- ends and compare these with a seemingly similar, but well known to us, size, in twisted condition and continue the comparison with finer or coarser sizes till we are satisfied with the result, and consequently can cal- culate, the correct size. The counting of cocoon threads, which takes up so much time, but which is a very good practice, we shall mostly only then make use of, when we have very small samples sent to us to calculate. The quality of silk in the raw is designated by the color, lustre and hand, also by the cleanliness, evenness, elasticity and strength of the thread. To determine these qualities our eyes and hand, in the first place, serve us, secondly, as mechanical help, the proofs of size, elasticity and strength. The task of determining the nature of a silk when dyed in a weaved sample, therefore is not so easy, nevertheless we can in case we have good practice at our disposal distinguish High Classical Italian Organzine from other "Provenienzes. " Italian High Classical Organzine we shall mostly use for warps in rich articles, whereas China and Japan Filature Organzine for cheap Tie and Dress Silks and principally for mufflers and handkerchiefs. For tram in cheap articles nearly exclusively Japan Kaw stock is used, as Japan rereels, as well as China and Canton raw stock; the latter is very hairy and in consequence of its unevenness is used for 4, 5 and 6 threads tram of 3 and 4 turns per inch. For very rich or very particular articles Italian Classical raw stock is also often used for 2 thread tram, as we find es- pecially in such a filling evenness, elasticity and cleanliness ; we will also very often use best Japan Filatures. In case we do find in calculating a sample the real nature of a silk, it is not alwa} r s said that the manufacturer should use the same material. In choosing raw material there is still quite a lot of money thrown away in manufacturing. We see articles manufactured, which give us, with much cheaper raw stock the same goods in quantity, quality and effect, whereas again sometimes pretty nearly the opposite case occurs. If we use cheap material this should not be done at the sacrifice of the production, we run across many articles, in which such material, if treated right in the throwing process, does not display any bad influence at all on the result of the goods. In general we know that nice materials always give better results, but there are in our thousand-fold manufacturing process very many advantageous exceptions, with which we sometimes save very much money. The material in piece dyed goods we will mostly find for warp as Classical Italian Raw Silk §§, -ff, etc., deniers, although Japan Fil- ature best No. 1 is often chosen. In the material question, no special rules can be made. In choosing same the calculator has to make use of his entire experience, as well as to take into consideration his more or less capable machinery. In the question about raw material and its sizes, the real weight of the raw silk comes into consideration, without giving ourself to any self delusion. We know, that it often happens, that throwsters soak their silk with 5-10 per cent, soap and oil. In case we base our calculation on such silk already soaked by the throwster, the result of the calculation will show no —11— small self delusion, consequently we have to, in a case like this, keep our eye on the kinds of soaked silk, and of course do better if we do the throw- ing ourselves or have the silk thrown as bright as possible. DYEING. According to the appearance of the silk, the calculator has to find out the way of dyeing. Is warp and filling in colors in a sample very bright and elastical, we suppose it is pure dye, is a filling mat in the color, it is generally weighted 20 oz., i. e. 30 per cent., for special purposes they are also weighted only y oz. but also fl oz., whereas for solid goods, only "pure dye" is used for warp and filling. Colors are generally dyed "pure dye" for warp, for filling often bright -*-£ oz., although where it is necessary to give the article a very effective appearance, and it does not depend upon "full hand," pure dye is used. Black bright for filling is generally weighted §£ oz., seldom |§ oz. Souple Colors as well as black, are mostly dyed for Dress Silks, where "full hand" and heavy goods are first condition, colors are mostly weighted ||j f| oz'. , at the highest ff oz. and black mostly ££ oz., i. e. 160 per cent, at the highest If oz., i. e. 225 per cent. Souple Silk we know by its mat appearance and very poor elasticity. It is a well known fact, that for instance, domestic goods are dyed in general much more solid than imported goods. In the weighting of silk, the Kuropean dyers accomplish the greatest that can be done and go into extremes to the disadvantage of the solidity of the goods. Considering that the domestic dyer, in comparison to the foreign dyer, has to pay higher wages, the extreme weighting is neither advantageous for the dyer nor for the manufacturer, and consequently the consumer has on domestic goods a perhaps unknown but considerable advantage regarding the solidity of silks. ]• For dyeing "souple dye," we mostly use best Japan Filature Tram, to Obtain a good weight, seldom Italian Tram, nevertheless it happens, but only for special goods. Coarse sizes can also be weighted heavier than fine sizes, for instance, a 2 thread filling can at the most, be weighted ff oz. in black, whereas 3, 4 and 5 thread 46-50 and 50-55 oz. WARP AND FILLING WEIGHTS. When the calculator has fixed the materials and their sizes, he figures their weights for the respective lenghts in warp and filling. In fixing the number of ends we have quoted an example in which our reed is supposed to be &£■ in 21 in. ; according to this supposition there would be 21x256= 5356 ends. However, most goods weave in in width according to the weave 2, 3 or 5 per cent., in many articles, we add the number of ends of the edges for weaving in, which can be mostly 120 to 160 double ends == 2x30 to 40 ends for a warp, etc. , etc. Now, if we have in the article in question 5356 ends, in an organzine || deniers or l£ drams Italian Organzine, and the edges eventually of —12— Classical China Organzine ££ deniers or 2£ drams, it is an easy thing to establish in an instant the weights including waste, by use of the weight tables. The edges will have to be figured 5 to 10 per cent, longer than the warp according to the quality and kind of web. The weight tables are for warp 100 and 300 yards long, if we desire to figure the warp eventually 600 yards, for double wide goods 1200 yards, we have to double or quadruple the weights of the 300 yard tables. The weights of filling can be ascertained just as easily as the weights of warps. If in a sample the picks per inch are known to us, we multiply the width with the number of picks and length of the warp, and this with the size of the filling, divide by 1000 and 256, the result is lbs. Example: width, 21 inches picks per inch, 100 length, 600 } r ards filling, 2i drams 21x100 = 2100x600 = 1260000x2* = 3150000: 1000 = 3150: 256 = lb lbs. 12 or ls.,2 T 3 oV oz. 5. To this weight of filling, the waste according to the quality, dyeing and nature of the silk will have to be added = 5 to 10 per cent. Then the weaving in, in width and length will have to be taken into consideration. Many articles weave in, 2-3 per cent, in width, and 3-6 per cent, in length, consequently we have to figure as already mentioned, the filling in above example with 21£ inches, and for the length 580 yards at the most, instead of 600 yards for the warp. Mostly, however, we figure on the weaving in equalizing itself in width and length; this is not correct under certain circum- stances, however, practice mostly chooses the favorable side if it comes to trifles. WAGES. The American silk industry, in consequence of high wages and large competition with all European places like Switzerland, Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Austria, England and also Japan, is forced to prepare itself with the utmost energy for the most imaginable and most advantageous manu- facture; no stone is left unturned to render the greatest abilhy in every manu- facturing department; the American manufacturer continually improves his machinery, no trouble and money is saved in this direction. The better the machinery in a mill the more it can produce in better and cheaper articles. Nowhere it pays less than here to carry a large variety of articles and always to change, as it is done in European places. Here a manufacturer sticks to his staple articles as long as he can and the principle of quantity is made best of in the highest degree. Anybody who tries to swim against the stream can not possibly be successful. Now, if we want to figure on the cheapest possible wages we have to in the first place consider the most important factor, raw material. If we keep material, that works without any trouble during the manufacturing process, we are sure of a good result in our calculation. If we do not strictly carry out the principle of raw material, we are mostly deceived in 13- some point in the calculation and the goods rather come higher than cheaper, the general expenses are rather unfavorable than favorable, the delivery time is rather later than earlier and workman, manufacturer and sellers are rather dissatisfied than satisfied. THROWING. Nowhere the advantage of good material shows itself as well as in this division of manufacture; we can run all machines with the highest speed and it pays to have in a very short while the best machinery. European throwsters are not little surprised, when they see the high speed American throwing machines, and when they see that our spinners run : For first twist 9,000 revolvtions. For second twist 7,500 revolutions. Of course there are exaggerations in this direction, b} r some machines being forced to 14,000 revolutions. Everything, also in good material has its boundary and just for the reason, in this case, to get a more even twist which is impossible and in every case disadvantageous if carried out to an extreme. If we desire to have our throwing machines run to an advantage, we generally only throw in few sizes and avoid altogether, fine silk as raw silk T 9 ff ^|, a great many manufacturers have their Organ zine thrown ff and ^f deniers and Tram if and jf deniers. SOFT SILK WINDING. For this work, we can render in this department with the latest winding frames in comparison to the former system a large advantage in capacity. "We know, that European winding frames are equipped with three spindles, one behind the other and that all silk is wound from the skein on the first spindle and bobbin, then from the second spindle and bobbin to the third spindle and bobbin. This running over is done to give the silk thread an even extension and to obtain good bobbins for the warpers. This work is not done by the American manufacturer in the same manner, and very sel- dom, and out of the simple reason, because this expensive work taking up so much time is less necessary on account of the use of strong extra classical material. If we think this rewinding or running over, necessary, we do not have this work done on winding frames by good paid winders, but on special draw sides and use cheap labor. If we have a particularly exact article or a lot spoiled in dying or a bad winding lot w r e have the silk wound twice. The most capable winding frame, in regard to quantity and space, for good material is the well known Double Deck Winding Frame, which is in our calculation undoubtedly 15-20 per cent, in our favor. Quill winding is mostly done for pure dye colors, light weighted and Cotton Spun Silk Fillings, etc., on "English Quillers," whereas heavy weighted fillings in black or colors, can only be quilled advantageously on ' ' French Quillers. " WARPING. The warping process has a very great significance and so we can say well considered, warped well, is half woven. The principle, of course, is -14- shown in many different ways and that is why we have for warping so many different systems. The most rational, best and at the same time cheapest system is the Horizontal Warping Mill, but everybody has his own opinion about this, therefore we see in many factories only horizontal warpers, in others only the well known Swiss warping mills and in many factories both are used according to the quality of the goods. Undoubtedly the horizontal warping mills are the most advantageous in regard to capacity as they can furnish in the same space of time 2 to 3 times as many warps as possibly can be made on a Swiss mill, therefore the mak- ing of such a warp is much cheaper. For certain articles the horizontal warps are picked as good as possible in beaming and to avoid the well known trouble of the "section marks" the warp is again run back over the mill and again beamed. This warping system, however, is not the most advantageous, it is and can be correct for some articles, for the bulk, however, this system furnishes incontrollable warp and not absolutely the best warp for the weavers and all articles. The most rational warping system in regard to quantity and quality and cheapness is the following : The warps on horizontal mills are made with a creel of 400 to 500 bob- bins about 600, 700 or 800 yards long, beamed at once without being picked and then put on a power warp picking frame. In these very long stretched frames another cross besides the one already existing is made, the whole warp put through a reed, carefully picked, event. Soft and split ends, etc., removed and in 2 days with good material a 600 yard warp is im- proved in such a way as no warping mill can do, which is a great advantage for the quality of the goods and the weaving wages. In the well known Swiss warping system there is slowness and incom- pleteness, or only with first-class and experienced hands the warps are more or less perfect, but still very expensive. If we know how to introduce the most rational warping system in its greatest perfectness, we save thousands ot dollars not only direct, but also indirect by cheap weaving wages and besides this we also have the absolute advantage of much more perfect goods and capacity. Horizontal warping mills have a reel of 8, 10 or 12 yards circumference and the warping is mostly done by men, but can also without hesitation be accomplished by girls and women. In certain manufacturing towns, part of this warping system has already been introduced, but Avarps were only picked with an ordinary cross and on hand frames, which system was slow, imperfect and expensive. Only in the perfect system there is quickness, cheapness and superiority and the most imaginable favorable calculation. WEAVING. Warped well is half woven in regard to quality, quantity and wages. To this factor, we still need, to obtain the most favorable wages, high speed looms. —15— If we have good power, excellent looms, good Jacquard machines, best material a favorable calculation is most certain, if all this is missing, more or less, our calculation is certainly a self delusion and an unsuccessful work from A to Z. Our looms are mostly made 7 to 6 feet long or in many places even only 5 feet loncc; the length of the loom has of course great influence on the elasticity of the silk, that is the reason why looms can be seen 8* to 9 feet Ion* in Europe in the manufacture of fine silk. If we set much value upon space we put a loom every 6, or at the most 7 feet, for Jacquard work, how- ever, with such short looms it is frequently overlooked to choose the most rational Jacquard machine. For short looms undoubtedly the most rational Jacqnard machine, which allows the least shed for Yarn dyed warps is the "Rotary Rise and Fall Jacquard " Machine. This Jacquard saves money in regard to the use of the harnesses, quality ol silk and can be run very easily 124-128 picks per minute. For high speed Jacquard work, piece dyed -goods, we frequently use a double lift, "double cylinder Jacquard machine, which will give very good satisfaction for the calculation of mufflers and handkerchiefs, etc. These Jacquards run first rate up to 160 picks' per minute, in general a rapidity of 140 picks per minute is already quite excellent and excels all other systems in capacity. For certain articles : The ordinary single lift Jacquard Rotary Cylinder " " double " " is used and same can work excellently up to 110 and 120 picks per minute according to article and silk. All these splendid machines make our calcu- lation much cheaper ; good long warps, high speed looms and Jacquards give us in weaving at leasl an advantage of 25 to 80 per cent, in calculating. PICKING. Picking wo call the next following work after weaving. Every piece is put on a picking frame, all weaving imperfections removed as good as possible, cleaned from loose ends, etc., and eventually rubbed. 40 to 50 inch goods are mostly picked on power picking frames, while narrow goods are picked on hand frames; experience teaches us, however, that the power picking frames render us undoubtedly an advantage of 30 per cent, in wages. FINISHING. The more perfect the finish the better the appearance of the goods, therefore we cannot speak about any saving in this division. Many goods must be singed, rubbed, finished and refinished, if we try to save and omit either one of these treatments, this omission would only be made at the sacrifice of the quality of the goods, and consequently at the sacrifice of the price. The more perfect finish the goods have, the more salable we make them and we cannot be attentive and strict enough in this direction. ■IB- HARNESSES. The calculation of the harness and reed is done in different ways, one manufacturer figures the harness for 1, 2 or 3 warps and therefore figures the respective amount. This calculation of course depends greatly on the resp. article, loom, loom-fixing and event. Jacquard ; if we have excellent looms, and " head motions," or dobbies, we can weave in a shaft harness 6 to 10 warps 600 yards each, if we have cheap looms it can- happen according to the articles that the harness has to be replaced after 1,500 to 2,000 yards. Jacquard Harnesses are very expensive, with good machines we ought to run them with the heaviest articles, if they are built rational, 2,000 yards, in light articles, treated well, we ought to be able to extend the capacity in staple articles from 5,000 to (5,000 yards. In staple goods Harnesses are used for 6-10 warps till they are worn out, and consequently at least £ of the Harness and Reed expense will have to be figured in the calculation. French Harnesses of 8,000 mails each, passing or entering and reeding cost about $15.00 ; if we divide this amount on 6 warps the Harness expenses for a calculation would only amount to $2.50. A Jacquard Harness of 8000 mails or lingoes costs com- plete about $72.00. If we figure ^ of this amount for such warp of about 600 yards the harness and reed expenses for a calculation would be $12.00. Novelty Harnesses in plain and Jacquard we must, of course, figure on short time and mostly take the full cost in the calculation. DESIGNING. Pattern expenses, we distribute in calculating mostly on the respective order, if there are 600 yards ordered of a pattern, we distribute this expense on the number of yards, are only 100 yards ordered we have to figure the same way, which in this case of course, makes the article considerably more ex- pensive. There is also much saving in advantageous drawing and according to a certain drawing proceeding, in patterns, 50 per cent, can be saved in many cases. In a large amount of patterns much money and time can be saved as no ground binders, are they, Tabby Satins or Armures, have to be drawn in case the card cutter knows his business and is instructed in such consid- erable saving. In correct rational drawing, the calculation of a design is often 30 to 50 per cent, cheaper. GENERAL EXPENSES. This division comprises the following expenses: 1. Annual interest and repairs on mills or rents. 2 Power. 3. Machinery repairs. 4. ' ' fixing. 5. " and factory cleaning. 6. Salaries of bookkeepers and foremen. 7. Stationary expenses. 8. Amortization of machinery, fixtures, furniture, etc. 9. Interest of active capital. —17— 10. Taxes and insurances. 11. Freight Expenses. 12. Management. If we figure with other calculators simply to experiment, we can fre- quently see, that the general expenses are fixed in many different ways. Many are under the impression, that they can work with their buildings and machines for decenniunns and therefore only take a very small amount as amortization, many again make a mistake in figuring the expenses for loom fixing, interest, taxes, freight, etc. The correct specification must contain every expense as above mentioned, then the annual net sales must be ascertained and according to this state- ment the general expenses have to be figured. A great many manufacturers figure according to their experience and articles 15 per cent, for general expenses. II" a manufacturer produces among others, very advantageous articles, he will, as such articles bring large quantities sometimes go lower than 10 per cent, for general expenses, or if he manufactures less favorable articles slow and awkward to manufacture he will have to go as high as 15 to 20 per cent, for general expenses. The specilication of annual expenses and production and their respective percentages shall only serve the calculator as basis and according to quantity and quality the calculators must either lower or raise his percentage. In many mills we see comparatively very high general expenses, if we look for the reason, we see above all old cheap machinery, which need comparatively many hands, we see inferior raw materials in the manufacturing pro- cess, imperfect power, find insufficient capital, which prevent rational im- provements in this manner and in consequence thereof inferior capacity ; the general expenses are large and the production small so that the cal- culation can rise higher than to 15 per cent. But if we put our entire energy on rational management and capacity and figure in every calculation a regular percentage for General Expenses our result can only be favorable and if in full running order we ought to in this account make savings compared to the estimates. SELLING EXPENSES. To figure the sale price of an article, the calculator has to figure the selling expenses. These consist of discounts, which the customer demands, salaries of salesmen, as well as interest of capital invested, advertisements rents, traveling expenses, and insurances, etc., etc., or of commission, which has to be paid to the commission house. In the entire manufacturing process, we can, by rational machines and management, reduce the cost price considerably ; if, however, we want to enjoy the fruits of this improved capability, our goods must be sold by energetic, industrious and earnest salesmen. Both parties must work hand in hand. Wise, rational, cheap and good manufacture, wise, rational, quick sale, and this calculation, with all these best factors combined, must lead every mill to sure success. ■18- YAKN CALCULATIONS. CLASSIFICATIONS OF YARNS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILKS. The sizes of yarns are based in the different raw materials upon the number of yards per lb. The number of yards changes according to the respective material, the higher the figure of the number the finer the yam, except in Raw Silk, where it is just the opposite. SILK YARNS. a) SPUN SILK. Spun Silk Yarns have 840 yards per hank, and are arranged according to the number of hanks per lb. (avoirdupois). Therefore, if 30 hanks, or 30x840 yards = 25200 yards are necessary to make one lb., we say that the yarn is No. 30. If 60 hanks, or 60x840 or 50400 yards are necessary to balance one lb., this thread is a 60 yarn. Spun Silks for filling are mostly used 1 ply, for warps only 2 ply, and for No. if^, for instance, 2 threads No. 200 are twisted together, No. i«p lias 84000 yards in 1 lb., or 5250 yards in one oz. = 16 drams. Spun Silk or Chappe in French sizes has a standard of 100,000 meters = 1 kilo. A French spun silk yarn No. A-f^ * ias 120,000 meters to the kilo ; a yarn No. ^ ply has 100,000 yards to the kilo. b) RAW SILK. The standard basis for raw or thrown silk, is the dram per 1000 yards and in this way, that if a hank or 1000 yards would weigh 1 dram, such a silk is called a 1 dram silk. For Organzine 20000 yard skeins are generally made. If for instance, such a skein weighs 35 drams, such an Organzine would be called a If dram silk. Coarse numbers, for instance Trams, are frequently made in 10000 yards skeins, if such a skein would weigh 3 ounces and 2 drams = 50 drams, such silk would be called a 5 dram silk. The size of raw or thrown silk is always understood in its raw condition including Gum, for instance, the silk loses in boiling off or dyeing, according to its nature from 20 to 30 per cent. China Silks lose most, then Italian, and Japan the least. In the Italian scale, the fineness of the silk is specified by the "titre." This is designated by the number ofdeuiers a hank of a certain length weighs. Of the different systems the most used, and in cases of dispute the most reliable, is the titolo legale italiano. A skein of silk of 400 meters long, wound in 400 turns on a swift of 1124 centimeters in circumference, and weighed with a unit of live ccnti- grahrm (called denier) forms the basis of the titolo legale. By the following reductions we obtain the result according to the old systems: 100 deniers titolo legale = 103.70 old Milan deniers " " " " =99.117 " Turin 44 " " " =99.583 " Lyons The international titre accepted by the International Congresses in Yienna, Brussels and Turin, and lawfully acknowledged by Germany, is based upon a hank of silk of 500 meters long, reeled in 400 turns of 125 —19— centimeters and weighed with a denier of 5 eentigramm. The old Milan de- niers have as standard a hank of 476 metres (400 turns at 119 centimetres). Such a denier is «= ,511 grams, and is still sized up to date in many conditioning works, principally in the London conditioning works. COTTON YARN. Cotton yarns have same as spun silk as standard per hank 840 yards per lb. If therefore 60 hanks or 60x840 yards = 50,400 yards are necessary to make 1 lb., we call such a size a No. 60, if only 20 hanks of 840 yards or 20x840 = 16800 yards are necessary, we have a No. 20. The classification of cotton yarns in 2 ply varies in comparison to those of Spun Silk. In Spun Silk 2 threads of '100 are twisted together for TW Pty» f° r Cotton Yarn 2 threads No. 50 are twisted together for ^ a °- ply. In No. 40 Cotton Yarn single we have 33,600 yards per lb., whereas in - 4 £ we only have half the length = 16800 yards. No. 100 single has 84,000 yards peril)., in double — i|A only 42000 yards. FIGURING OF WEIGHTS. To find the weight in ounces of a known number of yards in a known size the following rules are worthy of notice: Multiply a given number of yards with 16 and divide the result with the number of yards of the known necessary No. to balance 1 lb. Example: What is the weight of 21000 yards of -\°- Cotton Yarn ? 21000x16 = 336000; 1 lb. No. 50 = 42,000, 336000 : 42000 = 8 Result: 21000 yards of No. 50 weigh 8 oz. Example: What is the weight of 21000 yards oi A£ Cotton Yarn V 21000x16 = 336000: 1 lb. No. so = 21000, 336000 : 21000 == 16. Result: 21000 yards of No. *g weigh 16 oz. Following is another rule: Divide the given number of yards by the number of yards of the known necessary size to 1 oz. (that is per lb; 16). Example: What is the weight of 21000 yards of No. ^\ n Cotton Yarn ? 42000 : 16 = 2625 yards. No. a," ply = 1 oz. 21000 : 2625 = 8. Result: 21000 yards No. ^ weigh 8 oz. Example: What is the weight of 420000 yards of No. ^|a Cotton Yarn? 84000 : 16 = 5250 yards. No. ~p = 1 oz. 420000 : 5250 = 80. Result: 420000 yards of No. -|°- weigh 80 oz. or 5 lbs. Another rule to find the weight in lbs. of Cotton Yarn of a given number of yards of a known size is : Divide the given yards by the number of yards of a known size neces- sary for 1 lb. —20— Example: What is the weight oi 2,520,000 yards of $o. -?$ Cotton Yarn ? No. ^ = 25200 yards per 1 lb. 2,520,000 : 25200 — 100. Result: 2,520,000 yards of No. - 3 ^ weigh 100 lbs. Example: What is the weight of 2, 520, 000 yards of No. -\°- Cotton Yarn? No. -%?- = 12600 yards per 1 lb. 2,520,000 : 12600 = 200. Result : 2520000 yards of No. %°- weigh 200 lbs. Note. — Twisted Yarns can consist of 2, 3 or more, single threads. The more twist and the coarser the yarn the more shrinkage will occur, by one thread being twisted around the other in throwing. Ifwe have, for instance, for fancy yarns a yarn No. 200 twisted together with a No. 10 we obtain a loss, that is a shorter amount of yards than if we twist 2 threads No. 200 together or we have in this case in this fine yarn in proportion more shrinkage than in the coarse yarn. Exact rules for shrinkage in 2 and 3 ply yarn cannot be fixed in so simple a manner as they vary greatly and such a table would require an indefinite number of rules according to sizes, quality of raw materials, tensions, and turns of twist per inch; such rules would therefore be of little use to the manufacturer and in this case we mostly take our ex- perience into consideration. WOOLLEN YARNS. a) "RUN" SYSTEM. Woollen yarns are classified by "runs", which have as standard 1600 yards. This basis is generally known in this way, (except in a few mills in Philadelphia.) 1 "run" yarn of 1600 yards is 1 lb., 5 "run" yarns of 8000 yards 1 lb., 10 "run" yarns = 16000 yards are 1 lb., etc. In the "run" system, not only same as in Cotton or Spun Silk, whole numbers are counted, but also %, \ and even \, that is: 200 yards = \ run. 400 yards = \ " etc., etc. Figuring of a given number of yards in Woollen Yarn of a known size in the " run " system. The basis of the "run" facilitates the calculation of Woollen Yarns considerably, as the standard numbers are equivalent with 100 times the number of ounces a lb. contains, so that by multiplying the size of the yarn in "run" counts witli 100, and dividing the product into the number of given yards, the result is equivalent to the weight to be found. Example: What is the weight of 10800 yards of 6 "run" yarn? 6x100 = 600. 10800 : 600 = 18. Result: 10800 yards 6 "run" yarn weigh 18 oz. Example: What is the weight of 45000 yards in 15 "run" woollen yarn? 45000:1500 = 30. Result: 45000 yards of 15 "run" yarn weigh 30 oz. b) "CUT" SYSTEM. In woollen yarns there is another division called the "cut" system. —21— The basis is 300 yards, that is 300 yards equal 1 lb., or 1 "cut" yarn: 3000 yards = 10 cut yarns, 30000 yards = 100 cut yarns. The rule, to find the weight in ounces is similar to that of Cotton yarn. Multiply the given yards by 16, divide the result by the original quantity of yards for the given size of cotton yarn, which contains 1 lb. Example: What is the weight of 21000 yards of 70 "cut" woolen yarn? 21000x16=336000. 1 lb. of 70 cut = 21000 yards 336000 : 21000 = 16. Result: 21000 yards of 70 cut woollen yarn weighs 16 oz. 2 ply Woollen Yarns are frequently manufactured and they contain half the number of yards as the respective sizes in single ply. Therefore, a 2 ply 40 "run" woollen yarn is equal to a single 20 "run", each yarn contains 32000 yards or a lb. A double twist 15 "run" woollen yarn is equal to a 7-J- "run" single, and both contain 12000 yards per lb. WORSTED YARNS. The standard of worsted yarns is 560 yards to the hank. The number of hanks to balance one pound is the number or count of the yarn. If 80 hanks of 560 yards Aveigh 1 lb. such a yarn is called a No. 80. If 60 hanks are required to balance one pound, it is known as a No. 60 worsted. Worsted yarn is used very often in 2 ply. In such a case, only one- half the number of yards is needed to balance the pound of 2-ply yarn. No. 5 T °- requires 28000 yards per lb. and No. 100 2-ply also requires 28,000 yards per pound. No. - 7 ¥ °- worsted has 39200 yards per pound and corresponds to single No. 35. Rules for finding weights of worsted yarns in ounces. Example in single yarn : What is the weight of 25200 yards of No. 80 ? 25200x 16 = 403200. One pound of No. 80 — 44800 yards, e. i. 403,200 : 44800 = 9. Result : 25200 yards of No. 80 weigh 9 ozs. Example in 2-ply yarn : What is the weight of 25200 yards of No. - 8 ^ ? 25200x16 = 403200. One pound of -%°- = 22400 yards. Hence 403200 : 22400 = 18 oz. Result : 25200 yards of No. ^ weigh 18 ozs. Example for 3-ply yarn. What is the weight of 25200 yards in No. -^ worsted ? 25200x16 = 403200. One pound of - H f -= 14933£ yards, thus 403200 : 14933£ = 27. Result : 25200 yards of No. ^ weigh 27 ozs., or 1 lb. 11 oz. Rule for finding weights of worsted yarns in pounds. Example in single yarn : What is the weight of 2520000 yards of No. 80 ? One pound of 4» = 44800 yards. Thus, 2520000 : 44800 = 56£. Result : 2520000 yards of No. -*/ = ^i pounds. Example in 2-ply yarn. What is the weight of 2520000 yards of No. %°- ? One pound of 4£ = 22400 yards. Hence, 2520000 : 22400 — 112|. Result : 2520000 yards - 8 # worsted weigh 112^ pounds. —23— Calculation of TAFFETAS &LAGE. Warp 600 Yards. Cloth 570 Yds. Reed ^. Picks 80. Width 20 In. 4300 Ends, If dram. Organzine, Ital. Extra Tram, Japan Extra, \£ 3 th. 2 Filling-5 drams Dyeing, pure dye Winding dyed weight Doubling Quilling Warping, 4500 unpicked Beaming and Picking Twisting Weaving 570 Yds. Picking 570 Yds. Finishing 570 Yds. Harness and Reed shafts Designing, Etc. General Expenses, 12 % 1 Yard costs net II 31 16 16 LBS. OZ. AT § 18 4 5 00 91 20 4 20 82 38 4 30 i 11 570 Yds. costS % Discount, Com. and Interest, 15 % Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 Sale Price, per yard 85 per 100 12 5 12 70 3 1 3 3 1 39 29 286 50 59 3 62 c. 25 49 72 80 92 15 15 15 90 12 55 91 11 24- CalCUlatiOfl Of SURAH FIGURED. Changeable. Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 570 Yds. Reed h ¥ °. Pi cks 84. Width 20 In. 2460 Double Ends, If dram LBS. OZ. AT 8 Organzinc, Jap. Extra 21 4 GO 90 Tram, Jap. No. 1, 4^ dram 18 4 10 Dyeing, pure dye 39 80 11 Winding, dyed weight 82 12 3 Quilling 18 12 2 Warping, 4820 ends un- picked Beaming and Picking Twisting Weaving 570 yards Picking 570 yards Finishing 570 yards Harness and Reed for Jac- quard Designing, Etc., 300 cards General Expenses 15 % 570 Yards costs 8 1 Yard costs net Discount, Corn, and Interest, 15 %, 85 per 100 Addition, 5 %, 95 per 100 Sale Price per yard 70 8 6 12 327 d. 00 80 84 10 44 44 70 55 M 28 —25— Calculation of DUCHESSE BLACK. Warp 400 Yds. Cloth 380 Yds. Reed if. Picks 92. Width, 24 In. 10000 Ends 25 den. or 1| Arm LBS. ': oz AT $ c. Organzine Ital. Extra 25 5 125 Tram Jap. Extra ^f 3 thr'ds 2 Filling-5£ drams 20 4 20 84 Dyeing Org, §§ oz. 25 90 22 50 Dyeing, Tram Souple 32 oz. 20 1 20 24 Winding Black Org. 32 12 3 84 Winding Black Souple 40 8 3 20 Quilling and Doubling 40 5 20 Warping, 10,300 ends un- picked 50 5 15 Beaming and Picking 5 15 Twisting 2 60 Weaving, 380 yards 16 60 80 Picking, 380 yards H 5 70 Finishing 380 yards 2 7 60 Harness and Reed, 8 Shafts 6 3 20 Designing, etc General expenses, 12 % 380 Yds. cost 8 42 93 400 87 1 Yard costs net 1 05 Discount, Com, and Interest 15%, 85 per 100 18 1 23 Additions 5 % $ 7 Sale Price, per yard 1 30 —26— Calculation of RHADAEO. mm Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 580 Yds. Reed *£. Picks 92. Width 22 In. 8500 Ends §£ den. or If drm LP.S. oz. AT I Q. Organzine Ital. Extra Tram Jap. Extra, {£, 8 threads 36 5 180 2 Filling— 5^: drams 24 4 20 i 100 80 Dyeing Org. pure dje. 36 30 10 80 Train Souple §§ oz. 24 50 12 Winding- 66 12 7 92 Doubling 30 1 1 80 Quilling 30 12 1 60 Warping 8,500 Ends 70 ! 5 95 Beaming and Picking | 5 95 Twisting 4 12 Weaving 580 yards 16 92 80 Picking 580 yards H 8 70 Finishing 580 yards 11 60 Harness and Reed 12 Shafts i 3 Designing, Etc. General Expenses 12 % 53 88 5 B0 Yds. cost % 502 92 1 Yard costs net 86 Discount', Com. and Interest, 15 °/ 85 per 100 16 1 02 Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 _ • % 6 Sale Price per yard 1 08 Calculation Of SATIN MERVEILLEUX. *$<* Dyed. Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 582 Yds. Reed V- Picks 84. Width 21 In. 7000 Ends i*8S- QZ. Raw Silk Ital. Extra f| 2< Spun Silk No. *£ or 9 i drams, on cops 45 Dyeing, in the piece Sky Blue 582 yards Winding- Quilling Warping 7600 ends picked Beaming Twisting 7600 ends Weaving 582 yards Picking Finishing 582 yards Harness and Reed A Designing, Etc. General Expenses 12 % 3 80 582 Yards cost S 104 1 Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest, 15 % Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 Sale Price per yard 85 per 100 c. 50 2 50 114 38 4 23 28 10 2 75 80 6 08 90 8 46 56 5 82 2 11 64 2 50 38 09 358 40 62 11 73 4 77 —28— Calculation Of ARMURE BLACK. Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 580 Yds. Reed *£ Picks 88. Width, 20 In. 6090 Ends, 4§ deniers or lfd. LBS. OZ. § c. Organ zinc Jtal. Extra 20 5 00 130 00 Tram Jap. best No. 1 3£ dram 15 8 4 10 63 55 Dyeing, Org. %% oz. 26 90 23 40 Dyeing Souple ^ oz. 15 8 1 65 25 57 Winding of Org. 33 12 3 96 Winding of Souple 39 8 3 12 Quilling 2 40 Warping, unpicked 0090 ends 70 4 26 Beaming and Picking 4 26 Twisting 1 55 Weaving 580 Yards 10 58 Picking 580 Yards H 8 70 Finishing 580 Yards 11 60 Harness and Reed, \ 2 30 Designing, Etc. 50 General Expenses, 1*2 % 40 44 580 Yds. cost $ 383 11 1 Yard costs net - - 66 Discount, Com. and Interest, 15 % per 100 11 85 ^^™"~ 77 Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 Sale Price, per yard mmmmm 4 - $ 81 -29- CalCtllatM Of PONGEE FIGURED. Piece Dyed. Warp iooo Yds. Cloth 940 Yds. Reed - B T S -. Picks 84. Width 22 In. 2750 Double Ends, |f den. or H dram i LBS. OZ. AT $ c. Raw Silk, Ttal. Classical 30 3 75 112 50 Tram, {£, 3 threads Japan No. 1, 2f drams 20 4 1 10 i 82 Dyeing, in the piece 940 yards 4 ; 37 40 Winding 50 10 5 Quilling 20 10 2 Warping 4900 ends un- picked 4 90 Beaming and Picking 4 90 Twisting i 24 Weaving 940 Yds. 8 75 20 Picking 940 Yds. 1 9 40 Finishing 940 Yds. H 14 10 Harness and Reed for Jac- quard i 9 Designing, Etc., 300 Cards 4 12 General Expenses, 12 % 940 Yds. cost $ 44 10 413 74 1 Yard costs net 44 Discount, Com. and Interest 15 %, 85 per 100 ! 7 51 Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 - $ 3 Sale Price, per yard 54 -30- Calculation of GLORIA, m Mixed wool. Warp iooo Yds. Cloth 950 Yds. Reed ff t Picks 140. Width 42 In. 8000 Ends f£ deniers or 1£ drams lbs. Raw Silk class. Italian Winding Quilling. Warping 8000 ends un- picked Beaming and Picking Twisting Weaving 950 yards. Picking 950 yards. Finishing 950 yards. Harness and Reed { Designing, Ktc. General Expenses 12 % 48 Filling Worsted, No. 76 single, best quality 150 Dyeing in the piece 950 yards 48 950 Yards costs $ 1 Yard costs net, Discount, Com. ami Interest 15% Addition 10 % 90, per 100 Sale price, per yard 85 per 100 80 % 182 40 1 30 | 195 7 66 50 10 4 8 6 o 80 12 114 1 9 50 3 28 5 50 74 60 696 30 73 13 . 86 9 95 —31 — Calculation ol ARMURE. »«& siik. Warp 600 Yds. Cloth 570 Yds. Reed ^. Picks 100. Width 21 In. 2900 Ends ; 3 dram? Spun Silk No. ig* Raw Silk Canton Filature ££ deniers or 3f dram? Dyeing, in the piece 570 yards "Winding Quilling Warping 2900 Ends Beaming and Picking Twisting "Weaving 570 }-ards Picking 570 yards Finishing 570 yards Harness and Reed for Jac- quard Designing, Etc., 200 Cards Greneral Expenses, 12 % lbs. oz. 22 19 41 % 30 1 Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest. 15 *A Addition 5 %, 95 per 100 Sale Price per yard 57 10 4ale Price, per yard Yards cost $ —36- Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine i I Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking ■ Finishing Harness and Reed i I i Designing, etc. 1 ; General Expenses i ; ! Yards cc st $ i Yard costs net - - - Discount, Com. and Interest Addition $ ; | Sale Price, per yard - i |l —37— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width Inch. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses t Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition >ale Price, per yard —38- Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ J -40 — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - $ -41- Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - $ ■48- Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses Yards cost $ - - - - $ i [ Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition - >ale Price, per yard - -..-..-■« — Pre- calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ ■45- Calcnlation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width. In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving D icking I finishing harness and Reed 1 ! 1 designing, etc. General Expenses ■ Yards cost $ - - - " $ ! Yard costs net Hscount, Com. and Interest _ iddition - " - $ ale Price, per yard - | —46— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width li Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ —47— Calculation of Afarp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. )rganzine rram Dyeing- binding )uilling Varping Jeaming Twisting Veaving 'icking finishing larness and Reed )esigning, etc. reneral Expenses, Yard costs net discount, Com. and Interest addition, •ale Price, per yard Yards cost $ — 4S- Galculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ — Pre- calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks . Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving- Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, """^ Yards c DSt $ «=«* _~ — i Yard costs net - - $ Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, — - __ Sale Price, per yard - - ? _i _ -50— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses Width In. i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - $ —51— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - ? -52 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks, Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ —53— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In Organzine 1 Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed ! Designing, etc. General Expenses Yards cost $ - - - - $ i Yard costs net i Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard ... " " - $ M Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition Sale Price, per yard -0 0- Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - ? ■5 b- Caiculatioii Warp. . . Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - $ Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting- Weaving Picking- Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Bale Price, per yard Yards cost $ — 5S— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i | Yards cost $ i Yard costs net - Discount, Com. and Interest — - $ Sale Price, per yard - _ — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed ! Designing, etc. General Expenses Yards cost $ - - - - $ i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest i Addition - - - $ Sale Price, per yard - —60 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks, Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ —61 Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ i ■62 — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition Sale Price, per yard re- calculation of War P Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, t Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard -64- oi Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ - - $ Addition Sale Price, per yard -65- Calculatiou of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, I Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ £&- Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - $ 4>7— 01 Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks.., Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses Yards cost $ i Yard costs net . . . . $ Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard ... - - - $ —08 — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition Sale Price, per yard Calculalion of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ —70 — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition Sale Price, per yard 71 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, : t Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ re- calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ ^re- calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. .. Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - ? u. Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. ; General Expenses i i ! r ar< is cost $ - $ ..... ,.,,. - : 1 i i - < 0- Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ -76 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ 77 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - $ In. —7.1 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling- Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, [ Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition, sale Price, per yard .»U- Galculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed. Picks. Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ _ Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - - $ . Pre- calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth. Yds. Reed, Picks Width In. O rganzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ _ - $ Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ - - * \ddition Sale Price, per yard — at— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount. Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition Sale Price, per yard Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth. ...... ..Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ m — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ ■*4 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Yards cost $ Sale Price, per yard -—88— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Yards cost $ re- calculation Ql Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed ! Designing, etc. 1 General Expenses, Yards cost $ - - $ i Yard costs net - Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard - - " ? "■"""' " -9u — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. ; Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. i i General Expenses Yards cost $ - - $ i Yard costs net - Discount, Corn, and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard ; - $ *i Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ —n — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ ~9i Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ -»± Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ — &o— Calculation of War P Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, r Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ •9B- Calculation of... Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ — ^7— -Calculation of. Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width . In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding- Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving i Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, ■< 7ards cost $ - - ? ______ : i Yard costs net - Discount, Com. and Interest A H H ifinn Sale Price, per yard - - " ? #3- Cdlculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Y ards cost $ 1 j | ! i - - $ - $ Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses Yards cost $ i Yard costs net - - - - $ Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard - - - " ? — 100 — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ JU1 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed i Designing, etc. General Expenses Yards cost $ i Yard costs net - - . - - » Discount, Com. and Interest _ Addition i Sale Price, per yard ... " " " 1 i —1 0"2 — Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Width In. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition Sale Price, per yard -Mis- calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest {Addition, Sale Price, per yard Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting ! Weaving 1 Picking Yards cost $ - - ? — 1U4— Cdlculatiou of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ i 1 "I - $ - $ .105 Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses, i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition, Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ - " ? — i m>- Calculatlon of Warp Yds. Cloth. Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Yards cost $ - - $ — .U>7— Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Organzine Tram Dyeing Yds. Reed Picks Width In. Winding Quilling Warping Beaming- Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ ■ - $ ■103 — Calculaliofl of War P Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Yards cost $ Width In. — 109 — tolculatioii of War P Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks Width U Organzine Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Yards cost $ Addition Sale Price, per yard Calculation of Warp Yds. Cloth Yds. Reed Picks. Organize Tram Dyeing Winding Quilling Warping Beaming Twisting Weaving Picking Finishing Harness and Reed Designing, etc. General Expenses i Yard costs net Discount, Com. and Interest Addition Sale Price, per yard Width In. Yards cost $ WARP WEIGHT TABLES. 112 Length: 100 Yds. Weight Table For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 100 Yards. I )ENIERS. No. 10 12 *! 1 • 1 16 18 18 | 22 1 2 3 24 H 28 30 DRAMS. - OF Ends. t 1 * 1 n H \2. H If PA UNDS. OUNCES AND DRAM s. r \J 1000 4 1 41 4 511 68 75 82 815 912 lie 1200 4 14 511 613 713 812 912 1012 lli 1 13 1 " 1100 5" 64 7 15 92 104 II 6 12« 13i° 15i5 1600 6« 713 92 10« 1111 13— 145 15i° 1.23 1800 7 5 812 104 1111 133 1514 1.01 l.l 9 1.48 2000 82 912 11« 13— 1410 1.0 4 1.114 1.3 8 I.612 2200 8 15 10 12 128 145 1.01 1.114 1.311 1.57 1.9 2400 912 llii 13i° 15i° 1.1 9 1.38 1.57 1.7 6 1.115 2600 10 9 1212 14i3 1.014 1.3 1.52 1.8i 1.96 1.13 9 2800 10 15 132 15 6 1.18 1.311 1.514 1.8i 1.104 1.141° 3000 123 14i° l.li 1.3 8 1.51s 1.8 fi 1.1013 1.134 2 2 2 3200 13- I510 1.2 3 1.413 1.7 6 1.10 1.12 1 " 1.15 3 2.46 3100 13^ 1.0* 1.3 5 1.62 1.814 1.111° 1.146 2.P 2.6H 3600 14 io l.l 9 1.4 8 1.7« 1.105 1.134 2.0 3 2.32 2.815 3800 15 7 1.28 1.51° 1.8H 1.1112 1.1414 2.115 2 5i 2.114 4000 1.0" 1.3 8 I.612 1.10 1.134 2.08 2.312 2.7 2.138 4200 l.l 1 1.48 1.714 1.118 1.14H 2.2 2 2.5 9 2.815 2.1512 4400 1.1" 1.57 1.9 1.12i<» 2.0 3 2.312 2.75 2.1014 3.21 4600 1.2" 1.67 1 . 10* 1.1314 2.11° 2.5 6 2.9 2 2.1214 3.45 4800 1.3 8 1.7 6 1.11» 1.153 2.3 2 2.7 2.1011 2.1413 3.61° 5000 1.4 5 1.8« 1.12 7 2.08 2.4 9 2.8i° 2.1211 3.01 2 3.814 5200 1.5 2 1.9« 1.139 2.113 2.6 2.104 2.14 8 3 211 3.11 2 5400 1.5 15 1.105 1.14H 2.3 2 2.7 8 2.1114 3.04 3.41" 3.135 5600 I.612 1.11« 1.1514 2.4 G 2.815 2.138 3.21 3.6*0 3.15H 5800 1.79 1.12" 2.1 2.5H 2.107 2.15 2 3.33 3.8 9 4.2 6000 1.8 s 1.13 4 2.22 2.7 2.1114 3.0i 2 3.51° 3.10 8 4.44 6200 1.93 1.144 2.34 2.85 2.135 3.2 G 3.77 3.127 4.6 s 6400 1.10 1.153 2.46 2.91° 2.1413 3.4 3.93 3.14 s 4.813 6600 1.10 13 2.03 2.5 9 2.1014 3.04 3.5i° 3.11 4.0 s 4.111 6800 1.11" 2.12 2.6H 2.12 3 3 li 2 3.74 3.1212 4.25 4.13» ! 7000 1.127 2.22 2.713 2.138 3.33 3.814 3.14 9 4.44 4.15i" 7200 1.134 2.3 2 2.85 2.1413 3.41° 3.108 4.06 4.63 5.114 7400 1.14i 2.4i 2.101 3.0 2 3.6 2 3.122 4.2 2 4.8 2 5.43 7600 1.14i« 2.5i 2.1114 3.16 3.7 9 3.1312 4.3 t5 4.102 5.67 7800 I.I511 2.6 2.12« 3.3 3.9i 3.156 4.5H 4.121 5.81 2 8000 2.08 2.7 2.138 3.4 3.108 4.1 4.7 8 4.14 5.11 Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 113 Length: 100 Yds. AVeight Tabi,e For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 100 Yards. ] )ENTEES. No. 3d 32 1! II 4Q 42 If i a }f ii &fi so DRAMS. OF Ends. 11 2 n 2 3 2 i 1 2f 2f 1 3 H POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 1000 12 3 13 13 1 3 157 1.0* 1.1' l.li" 1.3« I.612 1200 14io 15 10 1.0° 1.28 1.38 1 48 1.5* 1.7* 1.11" 1400 1,1* 1.2 3 1.3 5 til' 1 612 1.8 8 1.9 1.115 1.151" 1600 1.38 I.41 3 1.62 1.8H 1.10 1.115 1.12i° 1.153 2.46 1800 1.515 1.7 6 1.81' 1.1113 1.13" 1.14H 2.0 3 2.32 2.5 2000 1.8« 1 10 1.111° 1 14i' 2.08 2.22 2.312 2.7 2.7 8 2200 1.10' 3 1 12 10 1 . 14« 2.11S 2.312 2.59 2.75 2 101" 3.2 2400 1.13* 1.153 2.12 2.5i 2.7 2.815 2.101" 2.1413 3.6i'» 2600 1.15H 2.1' 3 2.3i 5 2.82 2.10" 2.12« 2.148 3.211 3.72 2800 2.0' 3 2.3 2.5 3 2.9° 2.1112 2 13i5 3.02 3.48 3.13" 3000 2.4 9 2.7 2.9 7 2.145 3.()i2 3.3 3 3.5i° 3.10 8 4 4" 3200 2.7 2.9 10 2 12 3 3.1" 3.4 3.6i° 3.93 3.14° 4.812 3400 2.97 2.12 3 2.1415 3.4 8 3.7" 3 . 10 3.1212 4.2 5 4.13 s 3600 2. II 1 - 1 2.1413 3.112 3.7° 3.108 3.137 4.0° 4.0 3 5.11" 3800 2.14- 3.1 6 3 48 3.1011 3.1312 4.O1 3 4 315 4 102 5.68 4000 3.0 12 3.4 3.7" 3.1312 4 1 4.4" 4.7 8 4.14 5 7 4200 3.3 3 3 6'° 3.10 4.013 4.4" 4.711 4 Hi 5.11" 5.15« 4400 3. r>i«» 3.93 3.12 1? 4.315 4.7° 4.111 4.141° 5.513 6.42 4600 3.7 7 3. II 13 3.15° 4.7 4.1012 4.14 s 5.2* 5.911 6.8i° 4800 3 10* 3.14 7 4.2 s 4 8* 4.14 5.1'" 5 5i3 5.131° 6.13" 5000 3.12 15 4.1 4.5i 4.133 5.1" 5.55 5.9" 6.18 7.112 5200 3.15 6 4.3 11 4.71 3 5.0" 5.48 5.812 5.1215 6 5« 7.6" 5400 4.1' 3 4.6 3 4.10° 5.3« 5.7'2 5.122 6.0 8 6 95 7.101" 5600 4 44 4.813 4.13° 5.67 5.11 5.15° 6.42 6.13 3 7:15« 5800 4.6'i 4.11« 5.02 5.9'° 5.14" 6.215 6.711 7.12 8 4 6000 4.92 4.14 5.2i» 5.12i° 6.18 6.6« 6.11" 7.5 8.88 6200 4. IP 5.01° 5.5i«» 5.15H 6.412 6.91 3 6.1413 7.8i" 8.13 6400 4.14 5.33 5.8< ; 6.21 3 6.8 6.133 7.26 7.1213 9.1'" 6600 5.0 7 5.51 3 5.1113 6.51 4 6.11" 7.0i° 7.6 8.O11 9.62 6800 5.2^ 5.8« 5.131"' 6.9 6 14 8 7.4 7.9° 8.4i° 9.1012 7000 5.5 s 5.11 6.O11 6.121 7.112 7.77 7.132 8.88 9.15" 7200 B.V" 5.131° 6.3 7 6.154 7.5'° 7.10i" 8.O11 8.126 IO.312 7400 5.103 6.03 6.6 3 7.2" 7.8" 7.14" 8.4" 9.05 10.86 7600 5.13* 6.213 6.9 7.5' 5 7.11 8 8.111 8.7i" 9.43 10.121" 7800 5.151 6.5« 6.II12 7.87 7.1412 8.51 8.117 9.8 2 ll.l 8 8000 6.18 6.8 6.148 7.11 8 8.2 8.88 8.15 9.12 11.6 Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 114 Length: 100 Yds. ^Wriooht Table For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 100 Yards. DENIERS. No. 12 u 1 16 lj 1 ii \i H I 11 IS OF DRAMS. - Ends. 5 8 i 1 7 1 1 1} if 13- 1 Li 1* —POUNDS. OUNCES AND DRAMS. — 8200 2.15 2.8 2.141° 3.55 3.1115 4.210 J 4.95 4.1515 5.13 4 8400 2.22 2.815 2.1512 3.6 10 3.136 4.4 4 4.111 5.11 4 5.159 8600 2.2 1J > 2.9 15 3 0i5 3.7i 4 3.14i 4 4.5 14 4.1214 5.31 4 6.113 8800 2. 3*2 2.IO1 4 3.21 3.93 4.0 6 4.7 8 4.14io 5.513 6.42 9000 2.49 2 H1 4 3.33 3.108 4.21 3 4.92 5.07 5.712 6.66 9200 2.5 6 2.1214 3.45 3.1113 4 3 4 4.10i 4 5.2 4 5.9*1 6.8 10 9400 2.6 s 2.1313 3.5 7 3.132 4.415 4.126 5.4 5 11 10 J5.I0 15 9600 2.7 2.1413 3.6io 3.146 4.6 3 4.14 5.513 5.131° 6.133 9800 2.713 2.1512 3.712 3.15H 4.711 4.I510 5.7o 5.159 7.02 10000 2.8 10 3.012 3.8i 4 4.1 4.92 5.1 4 5.96 6.1 8 7.112 10200 2.97 3.112 3.10 4.25 4.109 5.2i 4 5.113 6.37 7 4 10400 2 . 10 * 3.2 11 3.112 4.3io 4.121 5.48 5.1215 6.5 C 7.63 10600 2.111 3.3 11 3.125 4.41 4 4.138 5.62 5.1412 6.76 7.89 10800 2. II 14 3.412 3.137 4.63 4.15 5.712 6.08 6.95 7.10" 11000 2.1211 3.51" 3.149 4.7 8 5.07 5.9« 6.25 6 II1 4 7432 11200 2.13 8 3.6io 3.15H 4.813 5.1 14 5.11 6.42 6.133 7.15" 11400 2.14 s 3.7 9 4.013 4.102 5.3« 5.12io 6.51 4 6.152 8.I11 11600 2.15 2 3.8 9 4.2 4.116 5.413 5.14 4 6.7H 7.1 2 8.31- 11800 2.1515 3.9 8 4.32 4.1211 5.65 5.15i 4 6.97 7.3i 8.611 12000 3.012 3 . 108 4.4 4 4.14 5.712 O.I 3 6 .11" 7.5 8.8> ! 12200 3.1 9 3.118 4.5 6 4.15 s 5.93 6.32 6.13i 7.615 B.1012 12400 3.2 6 3.127 4.68 5.O10 5.1011 6.412 6.1413 7 811 8.131 12600 3.3 3 3.137 4.7H 5.114 5.122 6.66 7.0 10 7.1014 8.153 12800 3.4 3.146 4.813 5.33 5.13io 6.8 7.26 7.1213 9.110 13000 3.413 3.156 4.915 5.48 5.15i 6.910 7.43 7.1412 9.3i 4 13200 3.51° 4.06 4.111 5.51 3 6.0« 6.114 7.6 8.O11 9.62 13400 3.67 4.1 s 4.123 5.72 6.2 6.I21 4 7 712 8.21° 9.8 7 13600 3.7 4 4.25 4.13 s 5.86 6.37 6.148 7.99 8.410 9.1011 13800 3.8i 4.3 4 4.148 5.9H 6.415 7.02 7.115 8.69 9.13 14000 3.814 4.44 4.15 10 5.11 6.66 7. 1*2 7.132 8.8 8 9.15 4 14200 3.9H 4.5 4 5.012 5.125 6.7 13 7.36 7.1413 8.107 10.18 14400 3.108 4.63 5. I1 4 5.13io 6.95 7.5 8.0 11 8.126 10. 3 1 3 14600 3.11 5 4.73 5.3i 5.141 4 6.1013 7.6io 8.2 8 8.146 10.61 14800 3.122 4.82 5.43 6.03 6.12 4 7.8 4 8.4 4 9.03 10.86 15000 3.1215 4.92 5.55 6.18 6.13H 7.914 8.6i 9 2, 4 10.101° Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. Length: 100 Yds. "VST P5 1 out Table For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 100 Yards. j )ENIERS. No. ■i Q 3 2 II If n 4a 1 44 .4 1 4 6 4 6 48 50 52 1 as eo OP DRAMS. - Ends. Vk 2 2| n 21 n 2| 3 3£ -POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAM Ct 8200 6.3"* 6.1010 7.1" 7.14* 8.54 8.111 5 9.29 9.1514 11.108 8400 0.6 s 6.133 7.4 SI" 8.88 8.155 9.6* 10.313 11.15* 8600 6.8*3 6.1513 7.613 8.41* 8.II12 9,2*2 9.912 10.7H 12 3i° 8800 6.1H 7.26 7.90 8.714 8.15 9.62 9.13> 10. 11*° 12.84 0000 6.13H 7 5 7.125 8.10*5 9.2 4 9.99 10.014 10.15 8 12.12*2 9200 7.02 7 7io 7.151 8.14 9.5 s 9.13 10.47 11 36 13.14 1)400 7 29 7.10 3 8.113 9.12 9.812 10.0« 10.8 11.75 13.5*4 9600 7.5 7.1213 8.4io 9.43 9.12 10 313 10.10* ll.ll 3 13.106 0800 7.77 7.156 8.7 s 9.7 5 9.154 10.73 10.153 11.152 14.04 10000 7.9 1 " 8.2 8.10 2 9.108 10.2 8 IO.IO10 II.212 12.3 14.38 10200 7.125 8.410 8 1214 9.137 IO.512 10.141 11.65 12.615 14 8 10400 7.14.1* 8.73 8.I010 10. 9 10.9 11.17 11.914 12.10*3 14.121° 10600 8.I 3 8.913 9.27 IO.310 10.124 11.414 11.13" 12.1411 15.12 10800 8.310 8.12e 9.53 10.61* 10.15 8 11.8 1 12.li 13.210 15.512 11000 8.6* 8.15 9 7*5 10.913 11.212 , 11.1111 12. V 13 68 15.104 11200 8.88 9.110 9.10'* 10.1214 11.6 12.04 12.83 13.106 15 14i* 11100 8.1015 9.47 9.13 7 11 00 11.914 12.28 12.111? 13.145 16.312 11600 S.13« 9.6 13 10.04 11.31 11 128 12.515 12.156 14.23 16. 7i4 11 800 8.1513 9.9« 10.3 11.63 11.1512 12.95 13.2' 5 14 6* 16.13*2 12000 9.24 9.12 IO.512 11.94 12 3 12 121* 13 . 68 14.10 17.1 12200 9.4ii 9.14io 10.88 11.125 12.64 13.0 3 13.101 14.1314 17.5 8 12400 9.7 2 10.13 10.11» 11.157 12.98 13.30 13. 13 I'- 15 112 17.10* 12600 9.99 10.33 10.141 12.28 12.1212 13.7 ll. 14 15.511 17.1410 12800 9.12 10.6 6 H.0'3 12.5io 13.- 13.106 14.43 15.910 18. 3* 13000 9.147 10.9 11.30 12.811 13.3 > 13.131 3 14.88 15.13 8 18. 7*2 13200 10.014 lO.llio 11 65 12.1112 13.6 8 14.14 14.1115 16.1 « 18.124 13400 10.35 10.14 3 C 11.91 12.141" 13 91* 14.4i» 14.15 8 16. 55 19.014 13600 lO.Sia 11.013 11.1114 13.115 13.13 14.81 15.32 16. 93 19.56 13800 10. 8 3 11.3 6 11.1410 13.5i 14.04 14.117 15.6H 16.132 19.10 14000 IO.IO10 11.6 12.16 13.82 14 3 8 14.1414 15.104 17.1 19.148 14200 10.131 II.810 12.4« 13.113 14.612 15 25 15.1313 17.414 20.3 14400 10.158 11.113 12.614 13.145 14.10 15.5H 16.16 17.813 20. 7 10 14000 11.115 11.13*3 12.9i 14 1« 14.13 4 15.92 16.5 17.12*1 20.122 14800 11.46 12.0 6 12. 12 7 14.48 15.08 15.12 8 16.80 I8.O10 21.012 15000 11.613 12.3 12.153 14. 7 9 15.312 15.1515 16.122 i 18 4 8 21.54 Above weights include 4 pei* cent, for waste. I IT) Length: 300 Yds. W JE£ I « HX TABLE For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 300 Yards. 1 ] DENIERS. No. i.o 12 ! H 14 1 6 n U n i zz 1 24 I u 1 2S -DRAMS.- OF Ends. 8 1 i I * 1 1 11 n ! *i 1 1 1 1* POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 1000 123 IV" 1.11 1.3 8 1 5'5 1.86 1.1013 1.134 2.22 1200 14io l.l 8 1.47 1.7« 1 . 105 1 134 2.0* 2.31 2 8i5 1400 l.l 1 1.4 7 1.71 4 l.ll 4 1.1411 2.22 2.58 2.815 2.1512 1600 1.38 1.7« 1.114 1.153 2.31 2.7 2.1014 2.1412 3.69 1800 1.515 1.105 1.14H 2.31 2.77 2.1114 3.04 3.410 3.136 2000 1.8* 1 13 4 2.2* 2.7 2.1114 3.01 2 3.5io 3.108 4.4* 2200 1.10* 3 2.0'* 2.58 2.1014 3.04 3.5io 3.1(»i5 4 0"» 4.111 2100 1.13* 2.3i 2.815 2.1412 3.410 3.108 4.05 4.63 5.114 2600 1.15H 2.6° 2.125 3.211 3.9 3.15« 4.511 4.12 5.8H 2800 2.22 2 8i5 2.15ta 3 69 3.13« 4 44 4.111 5.114 5.158 3000 2.49 2.111^ 3 33 3.108 4.113 4.92 5.07 5.712 6 66 3200 2.7 2.1412 3.6 9 3.146 4.63 4.14 5.5 1 * 5 . 139 6.133 3100 2.97 3.111 3.10 4.2 4 4.109 5.214 5.112 6.37 7.4 3600 2.II1 4 3.4i« 3 136 4.63 4.1415 5.712 6.08 6.94 7.1013 3800 2.145 3.7 9 4.013 4.101 5.35 5.12io 6.514 6.152 8.110 4000 3.0 ia 3.108 4.14 4.14 5.71 2 6.18 6.114 7.5 8 8 8 4200 3.3 3 3.130 4.7io 5.114 5.122 6.66 7.09 7.1013 8.155 4400 3.51° 4.05 4.11 5.512 6.08 6.114 7.515 8.O11 9.6 2 4600 3.8i 4.33 4.147 5 910 6.414 7.0* 7.11* 8 68 9.121 5 4800 3.108 4.6* 5.114 5.138 6.94 7.5 8 Oio 8.126 IO.312 5000 3. I21 5 4.9* 5.55 6.18 6.13H 7.914 8.61 9.24 IO.IO10 MOO 3.15« 4.12 5.811 6.5« 7.21 7.1412 8.11« 9 8i 11.17 5100 4.113 4.1415 5.122 6.94 7.67 8.310 9.012 9.1315 11.8 4 5600 4.44 5.1i 4 5. 15 8 6.133 7.1013 8.8 s 9.62 IO.312 11.151 5800 4.611 5.413 6.215 7.11 7.153 8.13' ! 9.117 IO.910 12.514 6000 4.92 5.712 6.6* 7.5 8.310 9.24 10.014 10.15 8 12.1212 6200 4.119 S.lOio 6.912 7.814 8.8 9.7 2 10.63 II.55 13.39 6400 4.14 5.13 ! » 6.133 7.1212 8.126 9.12 10.11 9 11.11* 13.106 6600 5.07 6.07 7.09 8.O10 9.012 10.014 11.014 12.1 14.13 6800 5.2n 6.3« 7.4 8.49 9 52 IO.512 11.64 12.613 14.8 7000 5.55 6.6« 7.77 8.88 9.99 10.101° 11.1111 12.1212 14.1414 7200 5.7 1 * 6.9 4 7.1013 8.12« 9.1315 10.158 12.1 13.29 15.5H 7400 5.103 6.12 3 7.144 9.04 10.25 11.46 12.66 13.87 15.128 7600 0.I210 6. 15 * 8.I10 9.43 IO.611 11.94 12.1112 13.144 16. 35 7800 5.15i 7.21 8.5i 9 8i 10.111 11.142 13.12 14.42 16.102 8000 6.18 7.5 8.88 9.12 10.158 12.3 13.68 14.10 17.1 Above weights include 4 per cent, for wj 11 LENGTH: 300 YDS. Weight Table For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp or 300 Yards. j 3ENIEKS. No. 3(1 3 2 a 2 34 II n l 42 1 44 *» 46 48 1 50 | 52 58 60 DRAMS. - OF Ends. i£ * n 21 2* « n 3 H POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 1000 2.49 2.7° 2d 7 2.14* 3.0'2 3.33 3.510 3.108 4.44 1200 2. II 14 2.1412 3.1H 3.7o 3.10« 3.136 4.05 4.63 . 5.114 1400 3.33 3.6» 3.10 4.013 4.41 4.7 10 4.111 5.114 5.158 1600 3.108 3.11 7 4.24 4.10 1 4.14 5.114 5.512 5.139 6.132 1800 4.1*3 4 63 4. 10" 5.35 5.712 5.122 6.0 8 6.94 7.IO12 2000 4.92 4 14 5.2 i4 5.121° 6.1« 6.6 R 6.114 7.5 8.8 8 2200 5.07 5.5 12 5.112 6.5 11 6.11' 7.0o 7.515 8 On 9.52 2100 5.7 12 5.13° 0.37 6.152 7.5" 7.1013 8.011 8.126 IO.312 2000 5.15* 6.5« 6.1in 7.8? 7.14i 2 8.5i 8. II 6 9.8' 11. I 6 2800 6.66 6 13 s 7.4 8.1> 8.88 8.155 9.62 10.312 11.15 3000 6.131* 7.56 7.125 8.10'5 9.24 9.9o 10.014 10.15 8 12 12i2 3200 7.5 7.12 12 8.40 9.43 9.12 IO.312 10.110 11.113 13. 10 6 3-100 7.125 S.4» 8.12 14 9.137 IO.51 2 10.14 11.65 12.614 14.8 3000 8.3io 8.126 9.5 2 IO.611 10. 15 8 11.8» 12.1 13.29 15.5i° 3800 8.11 9.43 9.137 10.1515 11.94 12.28 12.1112 13 144 16. 34 4000 9.2* 9.12 IO.512 11.9* 12.3 12.1212 13.6 8 14.10 17.1 4200 9.9° IO.31 2 10.14 12.28 12.1212 13.615 14.13 15.5H 17.141° 4400 10. 1 * 10.110 11.6- 12.1112 13.6 8 14.13 14.1114 16.16 18.124 4600 10. 8 3 11.35 11.140 13.5 14.04 14.116 15.6i° 16.131 19.914 4800 10. 15 8 11.112 12. 6i* 13.144 14.10 15.51° 16.16 17.81 2 20. 7 8 5000 11.6*3 12.3 12.153 14.7° 15. 3i 2 15. 15i--> 16.122 18.48 21.54 5200 11. 14 2 12.1012 13.77 15.013 15.138 16.102 17.613 19.03 22.214 5400 12.57 13.20 13. 15 12 15.101 16. 74 17.46 18. I 9 19.1114 23.0 8 5600 12.12*2 13.10 s 14.8 16. 35 17.1 17.14io 18.124 20.79 23.14 2 5800 13.41 14.23 15.05 16.12 9 17. 10' 2 18.814 19.7 21.34 24.412 6000 13.11« 14.10 15.81° 17.514 18.48 19. 3 2 20.112 21.15 25.98 6200 14.211 15.112 16.014 17.15 2 18 144 19.13' 20.127 22.1011 26.7 2 6400 14.10 15.9 8 16. 93 18.8 fi 19.8 20 . 7" 21.72 23.66 27.412 6600 15.15 16.1 e 17.1 7 19.11° 20.112 21.112 22.111 24.21 28.2 s 6800 15.81° 16. 92 17.9H 19.1014 20.11 8 21.12 22.12i° 24.131 2 29.- 7000 15.1515 17.1 18.2i 20.43 21.54 22 . 6 5 23.7 6 25.98 29.1312 7200 16. 7 4 17.812 18.10 s 20.137 21.15 23.08 24.21 26.53 30. II 6 7400 16. 149 I8.O0 19.21° 21.611 22.812 23.1012 24.121 2 27.014 31.9 7600 17. 5*4 18.86 19.1014 21.1515 23.28 24.5 25.78 27.12° 32.61° 7800 17. 13 3 19.03 20.33 22.93 23.124 24.154 26.24 28.84 33.44 8000 18.48 19.8 20.118 23. 2 8 24.6 25.98 26.13 29.4 34.2 Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 118 Length: 300 Yds, Weight '-Takj^js For the Use of Raw Silk, for a Warp of 300 Yards. DENIERS No. H 1 « 1 ft 18 £8 20 u 2 2 21 2j» 2« 28 OP DRAMS. Ends. 1 1 * 8 1 1 1 H n ! x » 1 n 1 11 PC UNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 1 8200 6.3 15 7.714 8. II 1 * 9.151 ' 11.314 12.714 13.1113 14.151 3 17.713 8400 6.6* 7.1013 8.155 10.312 11.84 12.1212 14.13 15.5H 17.14H 8600 6.8 13 7.13H 9.2*1 10.7H 11.1210 13.110 14.69 15.118 18. 57 ! 8800 6.114 8.O11 9.6 10.119 12.1 13.68 14.1115 16.16 18.12' ! 9000 6.13 11 8 3i° 9.99 10.15 8 12.57 13.116 15.15 16. 74 19.3-' 9200 7.02 8.69 9.1215 11.36 12.913 14.04 15.619 16. 13i 19.91* 9400 7.29 8.97 10.06 11.74 12.143 14.52 15.12 17.215 20.612 : 9600 7.5 8.12 6 IO.312 11.113 13.210 14.10 16.16 17.812 20.79 ; 9800 7.77 8.155 10. 7 3 11.151 13.7 14.1414 I6.611 17.1410 20.146 ; 10000 7,9" 9.2 4 lO.lOio 12.3 13.116 15.312 16.122 18.48 21.54 10200 7.125 9.52 10.14 12.614 13.1512 15.8'° 17.17 18.105 21 121 J 10400 7.1412 9.8 11.16 12.1012 14.42 15.138 17.612 19.0 2 22.214 10600 8.13 9.1015 11.413 12.14io 14.88 16.26 17.12-' 19.6 22.9H 10800 8.310 9.1314 11.84 13.28 14.1214 16. 74 18. I 8 19.1114 23.08 i 11000 8.6i 10.013 ll.llio 13.67 15.14 10.12- 18.614 20.111 23.75 11200 8.8 8 10.312 11.15 13.106 15.5io 17.1 18.124 20.78 23.142 11400 8.1015 IO.611 12.27 13.144 15.10 17.514 19.1.9 20.136 24.415 11600 8.136 10.9io 12.514 14.22 15.14 fi 17.1012 19.614 21.34 24.Hi-'! 11800 8.1513 10. 12 9 12.95 14.61 16.213 17.15io 19.125 21.92 25.210 12000 9.2* 10.158 12.1212 14.10 16. 7 4 18.48 20.112 21.15 25.98 12200 9.4H 11. 2« 13.02 14.1314 I6.II10 18.96 20.7i 22.43 26.05 12400 9.72 11.54 13.38 15.112 17.0 18.144 20.126 22.101° 26.72 12600 9.99 US 3 13.615 I0.510 17.46 19.32 21.112 23 . 07 26.1315 12800 9.12 11.112 13.106 15.98 17.81'-' 19.8 21.72 23.64 27.412 i 13000 9.147 ! 11.14 13.1312; 15.136 17. 13 2 19.1313 21.127 23.122 27.119 ! 13200 10.014 12.014 14.12 16.14 18.1 8 20.112 22.112 24.2 28.26 13400 10.35 12.413 14 49 16. 53 I8.514 20.6io 22. 7 2 24.713 28.93 13600 IO.512 12.612 14.8 16. 92 18.10* 20.118 22.128 24.13io 29.- 13800 10.83 12.912 14.117 16.131 18.141' 21.06 23.115 25.39 29.614 14000 10 .JO* 12.1212 14.1414 17.1 19 32 21.54 23.7 <: 25.98 29.1312 14200 10.131 13.151° 15.24 17.41' 19.78 21.102 23.12H' 25.155 30.49 14400 10.158 13.28 15.5io 17.912 19.1114 21.15 | 24.2 26.52 30.116 14600 11.115 13.57 15.9i 17.12'° 20.04 22.314 24.7 6 26.11 31.23 14800 11.46 13.86 15.128 ! 18.0« 20.4io 22.812 24.12 , 27.014 31.9 15000 11.6" | 13.11 5 15.1514 j 18. 47 20.9 22.13io 25.22 i 27.6H 31.1513 Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste 1 1!) Length: 300 Yds. For the Use of Raw Silk, in a Warp of 300 Yards. — DENI] ■fRS No. so 3 2 3 i 34 as 38 1 4Q | 42 If 4A 46 ±6 48 | H OF DRAMS. Ends. H 2 2* at H 21 H 1 ^ ■PHTTTSJ DS, OUNCES AND DK AMS rUU IN 8200 18. II 13 19.1512 21.312 23. Ufa 24.1512 26. 3 11 27. 7" 29.15H 8400 19.32 20.79 21.121 24.5 25.98 26.1315 28. 2 7 30.116 8600 19. 10 7 20.15 s 22 . 45 26. 6 ■» 26.34 27 . 8 8 28.13 2 31.7i 8800 20. I 1 2 21.7 s 22.121° 25. 7 8 26.13 28. 2 7 29.714 32.212 9000 20. 9 1 21.15 23.415 26.01 3 27.612 28.12H 30.2i° 32. 14 8 9200 21.06 22.612 23. 13 3 26. 10 * 28.0 s 29.614 30.136 33.103 9400 21. 7 11 22 . 149 24. 5 8 27 35 28.104 30.1 2 31.82 34.514 9(500 21.15 23.6 s 24.1312 27.12° 29.4 30.115 32.213 35.19 9800 22.63 23 . 14 3 25.6 28.513 29.1312 31.51° 32.13 s 35.134 10000 22.13*° 24.6 25.146 28.15 2 30. 7« 31.1514 33.84 36 . 9 10200 23. 4 15 24.1312 26.6'" 29. 8 6 31.14 32.101 34.215 37.411 10400 23.12* 25.58 26.141^ 30.1i° 31.11 33.44 34.13i° 38.0« 10(500 24.39 25. 13 5 27.73 30.1014 32.412 33. 14 8 35.86 38.121 10800 24.10^ 26.52 27. 15 8 31.42 32 . 14 8 34.812 36.32 39.712 11000 25.23 26.1213 28.712 31.13* 33.84 35.3 36.1313 40.38 11200 25. 9 8 27.412 29.- 32.61° 34.2 35.13* 37.88 40. 15 3 11400 26.0^3 27. 12 9 29. 8 5 32.1514 34.1112 36. 7 8 38.3 4 41.1014 11600 26.82 28. 4« 30.01° 33.92 35. 5 8 37.112 38.14 42.69 11800 26.157 28. 12 3 30.815 34.27 35.154 37.12 39.812 43.24 12000 27.7** 29.4 31. I 4 34.1112 36.9 38.64 40.3 8 43.14 12200 27. 14 1 29.1112 31.98 35.5 37.212 39. 7 40 . 143 44.9H 12400 28 . 5 6 30. 3« 32.112 35.144 37. 12 8 39.101° 41.814 45. 5 6 12600 28. ia" 30.114 32.101 36. 7 8 38.64 40.414 42.39 46.li 12800 29.4 31 3 33. 26 37.012 39.- 40.152 42.144 46.1212 13000 29. II 5 31.10H 33.10i° 37.10 39.912 41.95 43.9 47. S 8 13200 30, 2 10 32. 2 12 34.2H 38.34 40.38 42. 3« 44.312 48.42 13400 30.9*5 32. 10 8 34.112 38.128 40.134 42.1312 44. 14 8 48.1514 13600 31.1' 33 . 2 ' 35.36 39.512 41.7 43.8 45.94 49. II 8 13800 31.89 33 . 102 35.1112 39.151 42.012 44.2- 4(5.4 50.64 14000 31.15" 34.2 36.42 40.8 s 42. 10 8 44.121° 40.1412 51.3 14200 32.73 34.1012 36.124 41 li° 43.44 45.613 47. 9* 51.1411 14400 32. li 8 35. I 8 37.46 11.1014 43.14 46.1 4S.42 52.10 s 14600 33.513 35.9"' 37.1213 42.42 44.712 46.114 48.1413 53.61 14800 33.132 36.1 2 38.5 J 42 . 136 45. I 8 47. 5 8 49.9 s 54.112 15000 34. 4 7 36.81 5 38. 13 8 43.6i° 45.114 47.1512 50.44 54.138 Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. 120 Length : iOO Yds. Of Cotton or Spun Silk Yarns, for a Warp of 100 Yards. IS.— No. 1 12 .0 n 1 n 6| 1 « I S| 3-PLY.— ENGL. NUME ER^ End-. 50 60 70 80 I m 100 110 S, OUNCES AND DKJ 1000 6.3 4.15 4.2 3 . 9 3 2 2.12 2.8 2.4 1200 7.10 10 5 . 15 4.15 * 4.4 s 3.117 3.4" 2.15" 2.11 s 1400 8.10'" 6.15 5.139 4.152 4.5 3.131° 3.77 3.26 1600 9.147 7.14K 6.9 7 5.108 4.15* 4.6 s 3.156 3.1111 1800 ii. if 8.141" 7.6" 6 5i3 5.6" 4.15* 4.7 s 4.1 2000 12. 6 2 9 14^ 8.41 7.11 6.3 5.8 4 15' 4 8 2200 13.10 10.15 9.2 7.13 6.13 6.1 5.7 4.15 2400 14.13*i 11.141" 9 15 8.8 7.7 6.9 5.15 4.6 7 2600 16. 1« . 12.14 10.11* 9.4 8.1 7.2 6.5 5 14 2800 17.5 s 13.1313 11. 8" 9.147 8.1()i° 7.116 6 14" 6.5 3000 18. $2 14.13H 12.6i 10. 91 3 9.4 8 8.41 7.6" 6. 11" 32 6 Hi 6.1 * 5.92 5500 11.50 10.7H 9. 11 '■' 8.8' 7.9i 6.13 6.31 5.IO1 3 5600 11. 8 13 10.101° 9.14 8 8.101" 7.102 6.141- 6.4i 2 5.12 7 5800 11.15- U.O12 10.42 8.15 s 7 . 15« 7.I11 6.8 (; 5.1512 6000 12 6 A U.611 10. 9 1 9.4'J 8.4i 7.611 B.12 9 6.3i (5200 12 1210 11. 12^ 10.15 8 9.9*° 8.8e 7.1013 6.15 9 6.67 6400 13.3* 12.31 11.52 9.14 7 8.I21 4 7.I413 7.3 > 6.9io 6600 13.9i« 12.9' 11.1012 10. 3 7 9.15 8.2io 7.76 6.12* 3 6800 14 9 12.151 12.0° 10 8« 9.5io 8.69 7.10 8 7.04 7000 14. 7 2 13. 5 5 12.62 10.135 9.101 8.101° 7.136 7.2i4 7200 14.127 13. 10^ 12.101° 11.15 9.13 s ' 8.13' 13 8.015 7.63 7400 14. I 8 13.16 11.74 ! 10. 2i 4 9.29 8.5* 7.10 3 7600 14. 7 y 13. 7 1 11 12 3 10.75 9.71-' 8. 81 4 7.13 7 7800 13.1211 12.12 10.1112 9.10 8 8.12 7 8.O12 8000 14. 2« 12.61 11.02 9.14. 8 9.01 8 4i 8200 12.111 11. 4 8 10. 2 7 9.3H 8.76 8400 13.- 11.814 10.66 9.74 8.101° 8600 ... 11.136 10 91° 9.111 8.I31 5 8800 12. I 7 10.145 9.14« 9.1 4 9000 1 ! 1 11. 2 4 10 . 2 * 9.4 9 Above table is figured for 2-ply yarns and includes 4 per cent, for waste. Sizes are in English numbers and paralleled in drams ; Spun Silk Yarns, however, have half tbe numbers of drams and half the weight their numbers indicate, i. e.: for a warp of 4,000 c]i<\± w e have to figure the weight for a Spun silk Warp as -3.000 ends. FILLING WEIGHT TABLES 124 Width: 20 In Length : 100 Yds. In Reed, F*rr,x,x:s*G Weight Tahlk For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 20 Inches Wide. DENIERS Picks 2. 2 2 4 1 u M If IS i 36 3 8 4Q ]' 4 2 | 11 41 46 -TJT? A MM PER UAAiUr 1 . Inch. If u if n 2 H at | H n POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRA1 jg_ 60 11 12 14 15 1- 1.1 13 1.4 1.5 64 1112 12 * 3 15 ID' l.i* 1.23 1.45 1.56 1.6 8 68 12 9 13'* I51 5 Ll 2 1.2* 1.3 6 I.51 ' 1.68 1.7* 5 72 13* ll 7 1.0" 1.2* 1.3* 1.4 7 1.6" 1.8' 1.9* 7G 14 15 * 1.1" I.32 1.4 6 1.51° 1.8 3 1.9 7 1.102 80 1411 1.- I.211 1.4* 1.5 6 1.6** 1.9 6 l.lOi* 1.121 81 15 7 I.O1 4 I.311 1.5* 1.6 s 1.7 1 * 1.101 1.12 2 1.13 8 88 1.0 2 1.1" 1.4» 1 . 6 1.7 8 1.8" 1.11" 1.136 1.14" 92 1.0" 1.2 7 1.5* 1.7 1 1.8*° 1.103 1.13* 1.14" 2.0 5 96 1.1" 13' 1.6 7 1 8 1.9" 1.11* 1.147 2._ 2.1* 3 100 1.2« 1.4* 1.7 6 1.9i l.lO" 1.128 1.15" 2.1 7 2.32 104 1.32 1.4** 1.8« 1.102 1.11* * 1.13*° 2.12 2 . 2 * 3 2.4* 108 1.3** 1.5*" 1.9* 1.11* 1.12** 1.14ii 2.2' 2.12 2.5** 112 1.4" 1.6 s 1.10^ 1.122 1.14 1.151* 2.3*° 2.5 s 2.7 6 116 1.55 1.7* 1.11* 1.131 1.15 2.0* 5 2. I* 3 2.6*2 2.8H 120 1.6 1.8 1.12 1.14 2. - 2.2 2.6 2.8 2 . 10 124 1.7 1.9 1.13 1.151 2.1 2 2.32 2.7 5 2.9° 2.11 s 128 1.7" 1 9" 1.14 2.02 2.2* 2.46 2.8*° 2.10" 2 13 132 1.8* 1 . 108 1.15 2.1* 2.36 2.5 9 2.10* 2.111* 2.147 136 1.92 1.116 1.15" 2.2* 2.4 s 2.6*2 2.116 2.13 2.15" 140 I.91 2 1.122 1.16" 2.3 3 2.5 s 2.7* 3 2.12 9 2.1412 3.011 144 1.10" 1.12** 2.1*° 2.42 2.6 8 2.8 1 * 2.1312 3.02 3.2 s 148 1.11* 1.13" 2.2 10 2.5 3 2.710 2.10c 2.14 1 * 3.1 s 3 3« 152 1.12 1.148 2.3" 2.6* 2.8*2 2.11* 3.0 c 3.2** 3.4* 156 1.12" 1.15-* 2.4 8 2.7 3 2 9 ' 2 2.12 5 3.1* 3.12 3.6 3 160 1.13 6 2.- 2.5« 2.8 2 2.10*2 2.13* 3.2*2 3.5 s 3.82 161 1.143 2.1 2 2.6« 2.92 2.111* 2.14 s 3.3 9 3.6 8 3.9** 168 1.14" 2.1" 2 7 6 2.102 2 . 13 2.1512 3.42 3.8* 3.11 172 1.15 9 2.2 7 2.8* 2.11* 2.14 3.0* 3 3.5** 3 9 s 3.125 176 2.0* 2.3* 2.92 2.12 2.15 3.1** 3.712 3.10*2 3.13 10 180 2.1 s 2.12 2.10 2 2.13i 3.0 a 3.32 3.8 1 * 3.11 7 3.152 184 2.1" 2.414 2.112 2.142 3.1* 3.46 3.108 3.13" 4.0" 188 2.2*° 2.5^ 2.11" 2.15i 3.2* 3.57 3.11** 3.14 4.22 192 2.3* 2.68 2.12** 3.- 3.3* 3.6 8 3.12** 4- 4.31° 196 2.3 14 2.7 5 2.13i 3 3.11 3.4* 3.7 18 3.14* 4.1 7 4.52 200 2.41 2 2.82 2.1412 3.22 3.5» 3.9 3.15 s 1.2* * 4.6* Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 123 WIDTH: 20 In In Reed. Length: 100 Yds. Filling Weight XabIvK For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards. 20 Inches Wide. -DENIER? Picks IS 50 5 2 1 56 60 60 64 fi8 7 3.10 3. 14 2 4.24 4.61- 5 4.148 5.2i 2 5.7 128 2.15 3 34 3.12 4.0" 4.4« 4.812 5.14 5.58 5.10 132 3.0 2 3.414 3.13,1° 4.2 2 4.612 4.11 5.315 5.7i 2 5.1214 136 3.24 3.612 3.1512 4.48 4.9 4.13 8 5.6 i2 5.10 5.1512 140 3.314 3.84 4.12 4.6e 4.11 4.15 9 5.9 5.132 6.2* 144 3.5 3.9*2 4.34 4.84 4.13 5.110 5.11 s 6.04 6.5 148 3.68 3.116 4.54 4.10 G 4.154 5.314 5.1314 6.3° 6.614 152 3.8 3.13 4.74 4.12 8 5.18 5.68 6.O12 6.512 6.88 156 3.9e 3.148 4.9 2 4.146 5.38 5.810 6.310 6.84 6.126 160 3.1012 4.- 4.1012 5.04 5.58 5.1012 6.5 8 6.IO1 2 7 04 164 3. II 8 4.11' 4.1212 5.2 4 5.84 5.13io 6.712 6.I310 7 3 2 168 3.13* 2 4.3« 4.14' 2 5.44 5.10 5.15 8 6.84 7. 08 7.6 172 3.1510 4 5 5.01° , 5.62 5.12 6.I10 6.1114 7.3 7.8i 3 176 4.08 4 68 5.24 5.8 5.14 6.312 6.15 8 7.5 8 7.11 ' 180 4.112 4.82 5.44 5.102 6.04 6.6 7.2 s 7.6 8 7.14 ' 184 4.312 4.912 5.6 4 5 124 6.28 6.812 7.5 7.7 s 8.14 188 4.5* 4 112 5.8 2 5 142 6.48 6.11 7.76 7.12 8.44 192 4.6« 4.13 5.912 6.- ('.?;•■ 6.13 7.912 8.- 8.74 196 4.8 4.1410 5.1110! 6.22 0.88 ' 6.158 7.124 8.3 4 8.912 200 4.9 8 o.Oi 5.138 6.44 6.11 7.2 7.15 8.512 8.12 8 Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 1-J<; Width: 20 In Length: 100 Yds. Filling Weight Table For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 20 Inches Wide. DENIERS Picks n 1QO 10 4 m 120. 128 i?» 1 13 « 144 1 15 2 1 m 1 1 7 1 8 4 : i H pep. -DRAMS. Inch. H « 1 7 n 1 8 ! 8J n | 10* 12 — POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. - no 2.12 3- 3.8 3.12 4.- 4.4 4.12 :» 4 6.- 64 2.15 3.34 3.12 4.0* 4.4» 4.8 12 5.14 5.10 (5 . 68 68 3.2 4 3.6 12 3.1512 4.4 8 4.9 4.13 8 5.612 5.1512 6.138 72 3.5 3.912 4.34 4.8* 4.13 5.11° 5. II 8 6.5 7.3 8 76 3.8 3.13 4.7* 4.128 5.1 8 5.68 6.0'2 6.8 8 7.10 80 3.10i 2 4.- 4.1012 5.04 5.58 5.10 1 * 6.58 7.0 4 8.- 84 3.13*2 4.3 8 4.1412 5.44 5.10 5.158 6.84 7.6 8.7 88 4.0 8 4.6 8 5.24 5.8 5.14 6.312 6.15 8 7.114 8.13 92 4.3 12 4.912 5.64 5.124 6.28 6.812 7.5 8.14 9.38 96 4.6 8 4.13 5.9 12 6.- 6.6 s 6.13 7.912 8.74 9.912 100 4.98 5.0* 5.13 8 6.44 6.11 7.2 7.15 8.128 10. 8 104 4.12 8 5.38 6.1 8 6.8 8 6.15 8 7.6 8 8.4 8 9.24 10.7 108 4.15 8 5.68 6.5 6.124 7.3 8 7.1012 8.9 9.7 8 10.13 112 5.28 5.10 6.9 7.08 7.8 7.15 8 8. 14 8 9.138 11.4 116 5.54 5.13 6.128 7.44 7.12 8.312 9.3 1 IO.212 11.10 120 5.8 6.- 7.- 7.8 8.- 8.8 9.8 10.8 12.- 124 5.11 6.34 7.4 7.1513 8.414 8.13 9.1214 10.14 12.7 128 5.14 6 6« 7.8 8.0 8 8.9 9.1 8 10.2 8 11.4 12.13 132 6.1" 6.9 14 7. II 15 8.414 8.1314 9.63 10. 8 5 II.912 13.5 136 6.4« 6.138 7.15 8 8.9 9.2 9.11 10.13 8 11.158 13.11 140 6.7 4 7.08 8.2 4 8.13 9.6 9.15 2 11.2 12.4 8 14.1 144 6.10 7.38 8.6 8 9.08 9.10 10.34 11.7 12.10 14.7 148 6.13 7.7 8.10 8 9.34 9.14 8 10. 8 2 11.124 12. 13 7 14.13° 152 7.- 7.10 8.148 9.6 10.3 10.13 12.18 13.1 15 4 156 7.3 4 7.13 9.2 9.114 10.7 11.14 12.54 13.84 15.10 160 7.5 H 8.- 9.5« 10.08 10.11 11.5« 12.11 14.08 16.- 164 7.88 8.3 8 9.9 8 10.48 11.08 11.104 12. 13 8 14.6 4 16.7 168 7.118 8.7 9.13 8 10.8 8 11.4 11.15 13.08 14.12 16.14 172 7.144 8.10 10. 1 * 10.124 11.8 12.3' 13.71° 15.24 17.4 176 8.1 8.13 10.48 11- 11.12 12.7" 13.15 < 15 68 17.10 180 8.44 9.0 4 10.88 II.44 120 8 12. c* 14.48 15.128 18.08 184 8 7 s 9.3 8 10.128 11.88 12.5 13.1 8 14.10 16.28 18.7 188 8.106 9.7 4 11.- 11.124 12.9 13.514 14.148 16.8 8 18. 134 192 8.13* 9.10 11.3 8 12.- 12.13 13.10 15.3 8 16.14 8 19.38 196 9.- 9.134 II.74 12.44 13.1 s 13.15 15.88 17.31° 19.104 200 9.3 10 8 11.11 12.88 13.6 14.4 15.14 17.9 20.1 Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 127 WIDTH: 24 In Length: 100 Yds. 1^11*1*11*0- 'Weight 'JFam^is For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 24 Inches Wide. DENIERS. :J2 H DRAMS. if H | H 2i | 21 H 2| POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAMS. 133 I 14^ 14* 15« 15 1 16" 15 14 1.1« 1.0 12 1.2"> 1.1" 1.3 5 1.2 9 1.4 ! 1.3 7 1.53 1.4* 1.62 1.5 a 1.7 2 1.6 1 IS' 1.6" 1.9 1.7" 1.9" 1.8 12 1.11 l.l) 10 1.1113 1.10' 1.121* 1.115 1.13' 1.123 I.I412 1.132 I.I512 1.14 2.0** 1.15 2.1" 1.1511 2.2" 2.0H 2.3 1 " 2.1 8 2.4 9 2.2« 2 . 58 2.31 2.6» 2.-11 2.77 2.5i 2 8 = 2.6 2.9 7 2.613 2.10 6 2.710 2.118 2.8 s 2.123 2.1)8 2.13* 2.10 6 2.14" 2.11* 2.152 2.123 SO 3 1.013 1.1" 1.32 1.4* 1.5 5 1.67 B.7" 1.8 11 I.91 3 1.11 1.122 1.133 1.145 1 . 15" 2.0 ! ' 2.I11 2 . 1 ' ;! 2.31' 2.5i 2.63 7,; 8« 9 9 10" 2.11ia 2.12" 2.1411 2.152 3.0> 3.1 7 3.2 8 3.3i ( » 3.413 S.5" 3.7 3.83 1.2 1.3* 1.4 8 I.511 1.614 1.8 1 . 9 s 10 8 11' .12*' 142 15^ Q 9 .112 2" 41 2 2 2.5« 2.67 2.712 2.8H 2.103 2.11- 2.12* 2.13H 2.141* 3.01 3.13 3.2 8 3.313 3.4" 3.6i 3.7 5 3.8i° 3.912 3.IO1 5 3.121 1.3* 1.47 1.613 1.4 8 I.512 1.85 1.514 1.74 1.10 I.72 1.8 9 1.117 l-.8« 1.914 1.1215 1.9i° 1.114 1.147 1.11 1.1211 2.01 1.124 1.14 2.1 9 1.138 1.155 2.3 1.14'4 2.03 2.4» 2.02 2.22 2.62 2. 1 B 2.3 7 2.7H 2.2i° 2.4" 2.92 2.2* 2.64 2.1012 2.54 2.7* 2.124 2 . 68 2.814 2.13H 2.7'3 2.104 2 . 143 2.9' 2.11 9 3.011 2.10 7 2.13 3.25 2. II 11 2.14" 3.312 2.13 2.15" 3.57 2.14- 3.11 3.6" 2.15 8 3.2 8 3.8« 3.0" 3.313 3.914 3.2 3.52 3.11« 3.3- 3.6 8 3.1214 3.4"' 3.712 3 . 145 3.514 3.9« 4.01 3.74 3.10H 4.1i" 3.8 s 3.12 4.3i 3.912 3.135 4.4 8 3.112 3.1413 4.63 3.12« 4.02 4.711 3.13" 4.17 4.93 3.1414 4.213 Lion 4.0' ,, 4.125 1.8i 1.91° 1.11« 1.12" 1.148 2.01 2.I12 2.3 5 2.414 2.6i° 2.82 2.912 2.115 2.13 2 . 14« 3.0 2 3.113 3.34 3.5 3.6» 3.84 3.9" 3.1ie 1215 14 8 0i I12 35 51 4.6i° 4.83 4.914 4.117 4.13 4.14io 5.0 5 Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 128 Width: 24 In In Reed. Length: 100 Yds. I^uuiviT^o "W^kigiit Table For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 24 Inches Wide. DENIERS.- Picks •i <; i IK | 52 | 5 S° 1 6* | (58 7 2. 7« §2 «1 88 92 Per DT? V "MS U l\l\.jjx O, frrcE. 21 ? H 3| 1 * a n 5 H p QUNDS, OUNCES i tNJ) PR A MS <;o 1.107 J.12M 2.111 2.41 2.6« 2.8H | 2.13" 3.02 3.2« t;i 1 . 12? 1.1412 2.3" 2.6 7 2.9i 2.11° 3.0" 3.35 3.5" liS 1.14ft 2.0" 2.6 5 2.9 2.11" 2.14 8 3.215 3.6" 3.9 7 72 1.15" 2.211 2.8 8 2.11° 2.14" 3.12 3.6 4 3.9" 3.12" 76 2.1 8 2 . 4° 2.101° 2.13" 3.01 2 3.31 3 3.9" 3.12" 4.- SO 2.3 4 2.6 7 2.12" 3.01 3.3 4 3.6 7 3.12" 4.01 4.3 4 84 2.5 2 $ . 8° 2.15i 3.2 5 3.6 3.9« 4. 02 4.3 8 4.6" 88 2.6" 2.10« 3.1 7 3.4" 3.8 8 3.12 4.3' 4.6'° it. 102 92 2.8° 2.121 3310 a.7 5 3.11 3.14H 4.6i 4.912 4.13 7 96 2.10 7 2 . 14 s 3.6 3.9" 3.1312 4.1° 4.9 5 4.13 3 5.11 100 2 . 12 3 3.0 3 3.8 3 3.12 4 4.0' 4.4 4 4.12 4 5.03 5.4 5 lot 2.1'dit 3.21 3.10° 3.14° 4.2" 4.6" 4.15i 5.3 7 5.7" 108 2.154? 3.31 5 3.12° 4.0" 4.5' 4.9° 5.21 5.6° 5.10" 112 3.1 8 3.6 3.15 4.3« 4.8 4.12 8 5.5° 5.10 5.14 8 116 3.3 3 3.711 4.1 3 4.5" 4.10« 4.15 2 5.8 7 5.132 6.I12 120 3.4" 3.912 4.3 R 4.8 3 4.13 5.1" 5.11 7 6.0' 6.51 124 3.612 3. II 12 4.511 4.1011 4.15H 5.4i° 5.14'° 6.31° 6.8^ 128 3.8« 3.131° 4.712 4.1214 5.22 5.72 6.1« 6.6" 6.11"' 132 3.10' 3.15 4.10 3 4.15 8 5.4i 5 5.101 6.4" 6.IO1 6 . 15« 136 3.12 4.17 4.126 5.111 5.7 4 5.1212 6.71° 6. 13 2 7.2° 140 3.13" 4.38 4.1412 5.4 e 5.10 5.15" 6.10" 7.0 8 7.6 2 144 3.158 4.5 5 5.0" 5.6i° 5.12« 6.22 6.13" 7.3 8 7.9' 148 4.15 1.74 5.32 5.9i 5.15 6.4" 7.0" 7.6" 7.12" 1.32 4.3 4.92 5.5 5 5.11« 6.1 8 6.7° 7.4" 7.9" 7.15" 156 4.4^2 4.11 5.7 8 5.1312 6.4 6.10 4 7.6" 7.13 8.3' 160 4.6° 4.1211 5.9H 6.0 4 6.6i° 6.13i 7.9" 8.0 6 8.8 164 4.8- 4.1415 5 121 6.2i° 6.9 4 6.1512 7.12" 8.3° 8.10i 168 4.10 1 5.0" 5.14' 6.5 6.II12 7.2 8 7.15" 8.6" 8.13 7 172 4.11i" 5.2" 6.O11 6.7° 6.14 7 . 5« 8.31 8. 10 2 9.1 176 4.13" 5.4" 6 . 2 ' 4 i |,9i5 7.1 7.8 1 ; 8.6 3 8.13 4 9.5-» 180 4.156 5.6 10 6.5i ! 6.12' 7.3 8 7.10'2 : 8.9 2 1 9.06 9.7° 184 5.15 5.8" ; 6.7 7 6.14" 7.6* 7.13'° 8.12' 9.3" 9.11 3 188 5.3 5.10° 6.910 7.1 3 7.8" 8.0'' 8. 15« i 9.6" 9.14« 192 5.412 5.127 | 6.111' : 7.3* 7.11* 8.2" 9.2« : ; 9.101 10.1" 196 5.6 7 5.11"» 6.14 j 7.5" 7.1312 8.5i° 9.5- ! 9.13 3 10.51 200 5.8 5 6.0 e 1 7.0^ \ 7.8' 8 8 8.8 8 9.8° 10.0" 1 10.81" weights include 7 per cent, for wast< 129 Width: 24 In In Reed. Length: 100 Yds, I^ii^i?*o Height Tabi.e For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 24 Inches Wide. EES. - _ Picks 9| 1 (M» Kl 1 1 1 •> | 1 20 1 g.0 1 88 1 m I ill I b 1 168 Peh Inch. H 6 i 7 i n 1 8 8.j I n i '«> POI NDS, OUXCKS AM) DRAMS. ■ (it) :!.■'■-• ! .:M 4.3« 4 83 4.13 5.113 5.116 6.04 64 3. 87 3 .13" 4.7'4 4.1213 5.22 5.7* 6.1« 6 61" <;.s 3.122 4.1i<> 4. 12« 5.2" 5.7" 5.13 6.51 ' 6.136 72 3.15 l ° 4.5« 5.0'-- 5.6' 2 5.12" 6.2 r > 6.12" 7 3"> 76 1.3 4-^2 5 . 5* 5 . 1 1 « 6.18 6.7 J ' 7.3' 2 7 91- 80 4.67 4 .121" 5.9H 6.O2 (;.<; :i 6.1214 7!)i2 8.O2 si 4.10' 5.1 5 .14» 6 .5* h . 12 7.24 8.0' 8.t SS 4.1311 5.41 • 1 G . 2 1 * 6 . S) 1 * 7 1 7.8- s,;, 8.I34 92 5.12 5.8" 6.74 6.141° 7.6 7.13- 8.12 2 !) 3 * 9<; 5.4^ 5. 12 1<> (5.121 7.3i 2 7.11" 8.33 9 2 to 9.10' : 1 00 5.83 6.0'i 7.- 7.87 SO" 8.88 9.8° 10.0' <> 101 5.1113 6.4-* 7.113 7.132 s.;,« 8.1313 9.14" 10.614 10s 5.153 6.71 4 7.93 8.114 8.10" 9.32 10.42 10.132 1 1 2 6.3 6.12 7.14 8.7 9.- 9.9 10.11 11.4 in; 6.67 6.I512 8.2« 8.II11 !) . 5 9.14s 11.014 11.104 120 6.9* ' 7.38 8.6i z 9.0 6 9.10 10.31° ' 11. 6*4 12. 3 124 6.13» 7.7" 8.118 9.57 9.157 t0.9 3 11.13' 12.7' 128 7 . 1 2 7.11* 8.1512 9.6« IO.4-' 10.144 12.2'2 12.136 132 7.4i'» 7.15!5 9 . 4 ' » 9.15' IO.912 II.42 12.96 13.42 13G 7. 7 H 8.2 i5 9 812 10.3H 10.14 y 11.96 12.154 13.104 110 7. Ilia 8.7 9.138 IO.812 11.4 11.154 13.512 14.1 144 7.15 8.10» 10 in 10.134 11.813 12.414 13.116 14.7 lis S.2 ly 8.148 10.64 11.22 11.14 12.914 14.1i«- 14.138 152 8.6 1 9 . 2 * 10 94 11.613 12.3 12.153 14.96 15.3i ( > i:><> 8.9 8 9.6 10.15 11.118 12:8 13.4" 14.13" 15 . 10 160 8.133 9. 12 8 II.311 12.0 9 12.136 13.103 15.314 16. 12 164 9.0 11 9.13^ 11.83 I2.53 13.2" l3.15io 15.912 16. 72 1C>$ 9.42 10. lio 11.129 12.10 13.7" 14.413 15.1514 16.13« 172 9.7^ IO.512 12.16 12.153 13.13 14.1013 16.62 17.44 176 9.1le : 10.9 8 12.512 i 13.314 14.2 15.02 16.12 6 17. 10 8 ISO 9.1413 10. 13* 12.112 1 13 89 14.7 15.57 17.24 I8.O12 tih 10.29 11.1« 12.111-' 13.1311 14.12" 15.114 17.814 is 71° lsx 10. Gi 11.52 I3.35 14.2e 15.18 16.0 9 17.1412 18 13 14 192 10.97 11.814 13.711 14.71 15.68 16. 5i4 18. 412 19 42 1 96 10. 12^ 1 1 . 1 2 1 «» 13.121 14.1112 15.11" 16.113 18.101" 19 106 200 11.011 12.012 14.014 15. 0' 5 16.1 17.li 19.12 20.14 Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 130 Width: 27'/ 2 In In Reed. Length: 100 Yds. I^ii^irco 'VSTjkioht Table For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 27V2 Inches Wide. JJEiXMJlillC . Picks 11 | u 2. 8 30 II 32. 34 | M 1% | « 1 u -DRAMS. PER Inch. ** 1 H 1} H | * 1 2 ^ 1 2| | n ^ POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRAfl IS CO 15 2 1.0 8 1.34 1.4 l ° 1.6 1.7« l.lO 2 1.11 8 1.12'4 64 1.0? 1.1 10 1.4 9 1.6 1.7« 1.9 1.1114 1.13« 1.1413 68 1.13 1.212 1.514 1.7 7 1.9 lap 9 1.13H 1.154 2.013 72 1.23 1.3 14 1.73 I.81 3 1.10 8 1.122 1.15F 2.12 2.2'2 76 1.32 1.4 14 1.8« 1.102 1.1114 1.131° 2.12 2.214 2.4 9 80 1.4 3 1.6 I.911 l.ll 9 1.13 6 1.15 3 2.214 2.411 2.6» 84 1.5" 1.7 2 1.11 1.121 5 1.1414 2.0' 3 2.411 2.6 9 2.S 8 88 1.64 1.84 1.12- 1.1314 2.0 6 2.2« 2.5i° 2.S 7 2.10 8 92 1.73 1.9 5 1.13 8 1.151° 2.1 12 2.3H 2.8i 2.10 3 2.125 96 1.8^ 1.10 7 1.14 13 2.11 2.34 2.5 7 2.9*4 2.121 2.144 100 1.94 1.11* 2.02 2.2 8 2.412 2.7i 2.111° 2.14 3.04 104 1.10 5 1.12 11 2.1 7 2.314 2.64 2.8i° 2.137 2.1513 3 2 3 108 111 5 1.13 13 2.212 2.54 2.712 2.104 2.153 3.I11 3.4 3 112 1.12 4 1.14 13 2.4 2.6 9 2.92 2.1in 3.0*3 3.3 6 3.6 116 1.135 2.- 2.5 s 2.715 2.101° 2.13 s 3.2i° 3.54 3.715 120 1.144 2.1 2.C 8 2.94 2.12 2.1412 3.44 3.7 3.9^2 124 1.15* 2.2 2 2.8 s 2.10*2 2.13 8 3.0e 3.52 3.814 3.1112 128 2.0« 2.34 2.92 2.12 2.15 3.2 3 . 7 1 2 3.1012 3.1312 132 2.1° 2.4« 2.10 7 2.13 7 3.0 8 3.4 3.0 8 3.12i° 3.1511 136 2.2 6 2.5 8 2.1112 2.1414 3.2 3.52 3.116 3 . 14 8 4.11° 140 2.3« 2.6 10 2.131 3.0 8 3.3 8 3.7 3.132 4.06 4.3 9 144 2.4 6 2.712 2.14« 3.11° 3.5 3.8 4 3.1414 4.24 4.5 8 148 2.5 5 2.81 2 2.15 9 3.32 3.6 6 3. 10 2 4.0i° 4.4 4.7 6 152 2.64 2.912 3.O12 3.44 3.7*2 3.114 4.24 4.512 4.9 2 156 2.7 5 2.1014 3.24 3.6 3.9 3.121 3 4.42 4.7 9 4. II 8 160 2.8« 2.12 3.3 G 3.7 2 3.1012 3.14< ! 4.512 4.9 e 4.142 164 2.9 7 2.13 2 3.5« 3.8 10 3.12 4.02 4.7 9 4.114 4.15 8 168 2.10 8 2.144 3.6 3.914 3.1312 4.11° 4.9« 4.132 5.1 172 2. II 8 2.15 6 3.7 5 3.IO1 3 3.15 4.3 4.10 5 4.152 5.3 176 2.12 8 3.0 8 3.8 1() 3. Ill* 4.012 4.412 4.114 5.014 5.5 180 2.137 3.1 9 3. 10 4 3 13 4.2 2 4.62 4.13 8 5.2 8 5.72 184 2.146 3.2io 3.11 3.154 4.3« 4.7« 5.02 5.4 6 5.8 10 188 2.15 7 3.312 3.12 5 4.01° 4.5 4.9 6 5.21 5.6 8 5.9*4 192 3.0 8 3.414 3.131° 4.22 4.6 8 4.101 4 5.312 5.82 5.128 196 3.1 8 3.6 3. 14i* 4.31° 4.8 4.1212 5.5 8 5.101 5.14 8 200 3.28 3.7 2 4.04 4.5 4.98 4.142 5.7* 5.12 6.0 8 Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 131 WIDTH: 27V 2 In Length: 100 Ydp. In Reed. l^iivi-ri^vo "Weight TjvrXvK For the Use of Tram, in a Piece of 100 Yards, 27V2 Inches Wide. -"nPlSTTTTR^ XJHilri IDilv^ Picks 46 48 \ §* 1 •!« BO 60 6 4 11 n an 84 | || 88 9 2 Tip a MQ PEU U I L J.T. 1V1 k> Inch. n 1 3 | 3. 4 3| 4 H | 4| 1 * H POUNDS, OUNCES AND DRA^ kfS 1.144 3.7 60 2.1 2.6 8 2.9 4 2.12 2.1412 3.4 4 3.912 64 2.06 2.3 4 2.92 2.12 2.15 3.2 3.712 3.IO12 3.1312 68 2.26 2.5 8 2.1112 2.141 4 3.2 3.52 3.U 6 3.14 8 4.11° 72 2.46 2.712 2.146 3.11° 3.5 3.8 4 3.14i 4 4.2 « 4.5 8 76 2.6 4 2.91 2 3.O12 3.4 4 3.712 3. II 4 4.2 4 4.512 4.92 80 2.8 6 2.12 3.36 3.72 3.1012 3.146 4.512 4.;)6 4.142 84 2.108 2.14 4 3.6 3.9i 4 3.1312 4.1i° 4.96 4.132 5 1 88 2.12« 3.08 3.8i° 3.1112 '4.0*2 4.412 4.11 4 5.01 4 5 5 92 2.14« 3.2i° 3.11 3.15 4 4.3 8 4.7« 5.02 5.46 5 81° 96 3.0 8 3.4i 4 3.13i° 4.22 4.68 4.10i 4 5.312 5 82 ' 5 12 8 100 3.28 3.72 4.0 4 4.5 4.9 8 4.142 5.7 4 5.12 6 08 104 3. 41° 3.9 6 4.211 4.712 4.12 8 5.1 4 5.IO1 4 5.15i° 6 46 108 3.6i° 3.111° 4.58 4. 10 8 4.15 8 5.48 5.146 6.3e 6 86 112 3.8 8 3.13i° 4.8 4.132 5.2 4 5.7« 6.1i° 6.612 6 12 116 3.10 10 4.- 4.10i° 4.15i 4 5.5 4 5.101° 6.5 4 6.10 8 6 15i 4 120 3.128 4.2 4.13 5.2 8 5.8 5.13 8 6.8 8 6.14 7 38 124 3.141° 4.44 5.06 5.5 4 5.11 6.01 6.11 8 6.17* 7 7 8 128 4.012 4 68 5.2 4 5.8 5 . 14 6.4 6. 15« 7.5 8 7 ll 8 132 4.2i a 4.8 8 5.52 5.11 6.0" 6.72 7.32 7.9 4 7 156 136 4.412 4.11 5.712 5.1312 6.4 6.IO1 7.612 7.13 8.3 4 140 4.612 4.13 4 5.10 6.0 8 6.7 6.13 4 7.10 8 l 4 8.72 144 4.812 4. 15 8 5.1212 6.3 4 6.10 7.0 8 7.1312 8.4 8 8.11 148 4.10i° 5.0i 4 5.15 6.51 3 6.13 7.3 8 8.0i° 8.8 8.142 152 4.128 5.38 6.18 6.8 8 6.158 7.68 8.48 8. II 8 9 2 4 156 4.1410 5.6 4 6.48 6.116 7.28 7.9i° 8.8 8.15 9.7 4 160 5.012 5.8 6.612 6.14 4 7.58 7.1212 8. II 8 9.212 9.12 4 164 5.3 6 5.10* 6.9° 7.O1 4 7.8 8 8.O1 8.14i° 9.6 8 9.152 168 5.6 5.12 8 6 12 7 312 7.118 8.3 4 9.212 9.10 4 10.2 172 5.7 8 5.15 6.142 7.5i° 7.148 8.6 6 9.4i° 9.14i 10.6 176 5.9 6.1 7.1 4 7.7 8 8.1 8 8.9 s 9.6 8 10.112 10.10 180 5.111 6.32 7.4 7.11 8.47 8.12 9.56 10. 5 8 IO.I31 4 184 5 1212 6.5 4 7.6 7.14 8 8.7 8.1412 10. 4 IO.812 11,1* 188 5.14 6.7 8 7.8 7 8.1 6 8.10 9.112 10.42 10. 12 8 11.52 192 6.1 6.912 7.11 4 8.4 4 8.13 9.5 12 10. 7 8 11. 4 11.9 196 6.3 6.112 7.13 4 8.72 9.- 9.92 IO.IO1 4 11.42 11.14 200 6.5 6.14 4 8.0 8 8.10 9.3 9.12 4 10. 14 8 11.8 12 1 Above weights include 7 per cent, for waste. 132 vVidth : 24 In. Length : 100 Yds, In Reed. ITii^ivirco "Weight Tabi^e FOR COTTON OR SPUN SILK YARNS DRAMS.- 15 n n 6 H 3f | 3 | 2f 2*1 2^ I n 1*1 If 1A 20 30 40 SIZES OF YARNS IN ENGL. No.— 1-PLY. ^70 | 80 I 90 I 100 I 110 I 120 I 130 I 140 I 160 I 180 200 50 60 POUNDS AND OUNCES.- 8.15 5.15 1 4.7 9.8 6.5 4.12 10.2 6.12 5.1 10.11 7.2 5.6 11.5 7.8 5.10 11.14 7.15 5 15 12.8 8.5 6.4 13.1 8.11 6.9 13.11 9.2 6.13 14.4 9.8 7.2 14.15 9.14 7.7 15.7 10.5 7.12 16 - 10.11 8.- 16.10 11,1 8.5 17.4 11.8 8.10 17.13 11.14 8.14 18.7 12.5 9.3 19.- 12.11 9.8 19.10 13.1 9.13 20.3 13.7 10.2 20.13 13 14 10.6 21.6 14.4 10.11 22.- 14.11 11.- 22.9 15.1 11.5 23.3 15.7 11.9 23.12 15.13 11.14 24.6 16.4 12.3 24.15 16.10 12.8 25.9 17.1 12 12 26.2 17.7 13.1 26.12 17.13 13.6 27.5 18.4 13.11 28.- 18.10 13.15 28.8 19.- 14 4 29.2 19.7 14.9 29.11 19.13 14.14 3.9 2.15.2.9 2.3 2.- jl.13 1.101.8 1.6 1.4 1 2 1.- -.14 3.1413 3 2.112.6 2 2 1 15 1.121.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.1 -.15 4.- 3.6 2.12 2 9 2.4 2.- 1.13 1.11 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.- 4.4 3.9 3.1 2 11 2 6 |2 2 115 1.13 1.10 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 4.8 3.12 3.4 2.13 2.8 2 4 2.1 1.14 1.12 1.10 1 7 1.4 1.2 4.12 3 15 3.6 2 15 2.10 2 6 2 3 2- 1.13 1.11 1.8 1.5 1.3 4.15 43 3.9 3 2 2.122.8 2.4 2.1 1.15 1.131.9 1.6 1.4 5.4 4.6 3.12 3.4 2 14 2 10 2.6 23 2 - 1 14 1 10 1.7 15 5.7 4.9 3.14 3 7 3.1 2 12 2.8 2.4 2.2 1.15 1.11 1.8 1.6 5.11 4 12 4.1 3.9 3.3 2.14 2.10 2.6 2.3 2 1 1.13 1.9 1.7 5.15 4.15 4.4 3 11 3.5 S.- 2.11 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.14 1.101.8 6 3 5.2 4.8 3.13 3.7 S.I 2.13 2.9 2 6 2 3 1.15 1.11I1.9 6 7 5.5 4.9 4.- 3 9 3.3 2.15 2.11 2.7 2.5 2.- 1.13 1.10 6.105.9 4.12 4.3 3.11 3.5 3.- 2.12 2.9 2.6 2 1 1.14 1 11 6.14 5.12 4 15 4.5 3.13 3.7 3 2 2.14 2.10 2.7 2.2 1.15 1.12 7.2 5.15 5.2 4.7 3 . 15 3.9 3.4 3- 2.12 2.9 2.4 2- 1.13 7.6 6.2 5 4 4.10 4.1 3.11 3.6 31 2.13 2.10 2.5 2.1 1.14 7.10 6.5 5.7 4 12 4.4 3 13 3.7 3.3 2.15 2.11 2.6 2.2 1.15 7.14 6.9 5.9 4.14 4.6 3.15 3.9 3.4 3.- 2.13 2.7 2.3 1 15 8.1 6.12 5.12 5.1 4.8 4 1 3.11 3.6 3.2 2.14 2 8 2.4 2.- 8 5 6.15 5 . 15 5.3 1 10 4.3 3.13 3.7 3.3 3.- 2.10 2.5 2.1 8.9 7.2 6.2 5.6 4.12 4.4 3.14 3.9 3.5 3.1 2 11 2.6 2.2 8 13 7.5 6.5 5.8 4.14 4.6 4.- 3.11 3.6 3.2 2 12 2.7 2.3 9.1 7.8 6.7 5.10 5.- 4.8 4.2 3.12 3.8 3.4 2.13 2 8 2.4 9.4 7.12 6.10 5.13 5.2 4.10 4.3 3.14 3.9 3.5 2.14 2.9 2.5 9.8 7.15 6.13 5.15 5.5 4.124.5 3.15 3.11 3.6 S.- 2.10 2.6 9.128.2 6.15 6.1 5.7 4. 14'4. 7 4.1 3.12 3.8 S.I 2.11 2.7 9.15 8.5 7.2 6.4 5.9 5.- 4.9 4.3 3.13 3.9 3.2 2.12 2.8 10.4 8.8 7.5 6.6 5.11 5.2 4.10 4.4 3.15 3.103.3 2.13 2.9 10.7 8.11 7.8 6.9 5.13 5.4 4.12'4.6 4.- 3.12 3.4 2.142.10 10.11 8.15 7.10 6.11 5.15 5.6 4.14'4.7 4.2 3.13 3.5 S.- 2.11 10.15 9.2 7.13 6 13 6.1 5.7 S.- 4.9 4.3 3.14 3.7 S.I 2.12 11.3 9.5 8.- 7.- 6.3 5.9 S.I 4.10 4 5 4.- 3.8 3.2 2.13 11.7 9.8 8.2 7.2 6.5 5.11 5.3 4.12 4 6 41 3.9 3.3 2.14 11.10 9.11 8.5 7.4 6.8 5.13 5.5 4.14 4.8 4.3 3.10 3.4 2.15 11.149.14 8.7 7.6 6.10 5.155.6 4.15 4.9 4.4 3.11 3.5 3- Above weights include 4 per cent, for waste. Above weights are for 1-ply yarns ; 2-ply and 3-ply cotton yarns are respectively double and thrice the above weights and drams ; Spun Silk Yarns, however, in 2 and 3-ply have the num- ber of drams and the same weight their numbers indicate, and are written 20/ 2J 30/ 2j 2o/ 3> 3o/ a) REMARKS ABOUT WASTE. The figuring of the waste in these weight tables is kept uniform. The warp weight tables include 4 per cent., and the filling weight tables include 7 per cent., which figures are pretty exact in the manufacture o( a good many articles, when best raw material is used. Now, there are a number of goods which cans-' less waste during the manufacturing process, and then again many which cause more, for instance, on one side there are piece dyed goods and on the other side complicated goods with a large variety of colors, or heavy weighted and doubled fillings. According to the quality of the raw material, and according to the nature and quality of the article to be manufactured, we sometimes have to modify the results of the weights in our calculations a few per cent., but in a great many goods the weights are correct. Comparative Yarn Tables 136 Comparative Metres Italian Manchester Cotton Yards Yams Yards Scale Scale. | Scale. per lb. per oz. per dram. per Kilogramme in Deniers. Drams per 1000 Yards. 1 840 S V4 1 3-281 1,692 5,282*333 304*761 i# 1,260 78^ 4-921 2,539 3,384 3,521*555 203*174 2 1,680 105 6-562 2,641*166 152*380 *% 2,100 '31X 8*203 4,232 2,112*933 121*904 3 2,520 m% 9-843 5,078 I,76o*777 101*587 2^ 2,940 i»3tf 1 1 -484 5,925 1,509*238 87*074 4 3,36o 210 13-135 6,768 I,320*583 76*190 fK 3J8o 236X 14*765 7,6i7 I,I73*58i 67*i9S 5 4,200 262^ 16*406 8,464 1,056*466 60*952 5K 4,620 288^ 18*046 9,3lo 960*422 55*4" 6 5,040 315 19*687 10,157 880*388 50*793 Q l A 5,460 341X 21*328 ",003 812*666 46*886 7 5,88o 367K 22*968 11,850 754*6i9 43*537 Wz 6,300 393^ 24*609 12,696 704*3" 40-634 8 6,720 420 26*250 13,536 660*292 38*095 sy 2 7,140 446^ 27*890 14,389 621*450 35* 8 54 9 7,560 472>£ 29*531 J5.235 586.925 33*597 «2# 7,980 498^ 31*171 16,082 556*o35 32*080 10 8,400 525 . 32*812 16,928 528*233 30*476 10# 8,820 55>X 34*453 17,775 503-079 29-024 11 9,240 577^ 36-093 18,621 480*212 27*705 !« 9,660 603^ 37*734 19,468 459*333 26*501 12 10,080 630 39*375 20,314 440*194 25*396 12# 10,500 6 5 6# 41*015 21,161 422*586 24*380 13 10,920 682^ 42*656 22,007 406*333 23*443 J?# «,340 708 % 44*296 22,853 391*283 22*574 14 11,760 735 45*937 . 23,700 377*309 21*768 14^ 12,180 76iX 47*578 24,546 364*298 2I.*oi8 15 12,600 787K 49*218 25,393 352*156 20*317 iS^ 13,020 813^ 50*859 26,239 340*795 19*662 16 13,440 840 52*500 27,072 330*146 19*047 16^ 13,860 866X 54*140 27,932 320-141 x8*47o 17 14,280 892^ 55*781 28,779 310*725 17-927 17K 14,700 918^ 57*42i 29,625 301-847 17*414 is 15,120 945 59-062 3o,47i 293-462 I6-793 18# 15,540 97iX 60-703 31,318 285*531 278*018 l6 '473 19 15,960 997K 62-343 32,164 16-040 19# 16,380 1,02334: 63-984 33,o" 270-888 15*628 20 16,800 1,050 65-625 33,857 264*116 15*238 20K 17,220 1,076% 67 -26s 34,704 257*674 I4"866 21 17,640 1,102 >£ 68-906 35,55o 251'539 14*512 Si^ 1 8, 060 1,12834: 70-546 36,397 245*689 I4-I74 22 18,480 1,155 72-187 : 37,243 240*106 13-852 22^ 18,900 i.iSitf 73-828 \ 38,089 234-770 13*544 23 19,320 1,207)$ 75-468 38,936 229"666 13-250 S 3 ^ 19,740 1,233^ 77-109 39,782 224-780 ' I2*968 24 20,160 1,260 78-750 40,629 220*097 12-698 2I# 20,580 i,286X 80-390 I 4i,475 215-604 12*439 25 21,000 \ 1,312^ 82*031^ ! 142,322 211*293 | I2IQO Yarn .Tables. 137 Cotton Scale. 1 2 t* 4 i H 6 6% 9% 10 n 12 a* a* 15 £* 18 19 22* 20 20# 21 21^ 22 22^ 23 IV^ 24 24K 25 Linen Scale. Leas of 300 yds. in lib. 2'8oo 4*20O 5-600 7-000 8*400 9-800 U-20O I2'6oo 14-000 15*400 16-800 18-200 19-600 2I'ooo 22-4oo 23*800 25-200 26-600 28-000 29*400 30-800 32*200 33-600 35-000 36-400 37-800 39-200 40*600 42*000 43-400 44*800 46*200 47-600 49J000 50-400 51-800 53-200 54-600 56-000 57-400 5S-8oo 60'200 61-600 63-000 64-400 65*800 67-200 68-600 70-000 Worsted Scale. 3 " 3% 4 J A S% 6 eu 9 / ioy 2 12 & 18 183/ I9# 20# 21 2i^r 22^ 23X 24 24^ 2 l£ 26X 27 27l< 28K 29tf so- 3IX 32X 33 ; 33^ 34^ 35# . 36 36^ 37-K Hawick Scale Cuts of 800 yds. in 26 oz. Galashiels Scale Cuts of 300 yds. in 24 oz. 4-550 6*825 0/100 11*375 13*650 I5*925 l8*2O0 20*475 22*75o 25*025 27'3oo 29*575 31*850 34-125 36*400 38*675 40"95o 43-225 45*500 47 '775 50-050 52 '3*5 54-600 56-875 59-150 6l*425 63*700 65*97S 68*250 70*525 72*800 75"°75 77*350 79-625 81*900 84-175 86*450 88*725 91-000 93-275 95'55o 97.825 IOO'ioo 102*375 104*650 I06*925 I09'2oo 111*475 II3-750 4*200 6*3oo 8*400 10*500 I2*6oo I4700 l6*8oo l8*9oo 2I*ooo 23-100 25-200 27-300 29*400 3I-500 33-600 35-7°° 37-800 39-500 42-000 44-100 46-200 48-300 50400 52-500 54-600 56-700 58-800 60-900 63-000 65-100 67-200 69-300 71-400 73-500 75-600 77-700 79-800 81-900 84-000 S6-ioo 88-200 90-300 92*400 94 '500 96*600 98-700 100-800 102-900 105-000 Alloa Scale Spindles in 24 lbs. Aberdeen ; Scale. lbs. per Spindle. I750 2-625 3-500 4*375 5-250 6-X25 7-000 7 -87s 8-750 9-625 IO-500 11*375 I2-2SQ I3'«5 14-000 14-875 15-750 16-625 17-500 18-375 19*250 20-125 2IOOO 21-875 22-750 23-625 24-500 25-375 26-250 27-125 28*ooo 28*875 29-750 30*625 31*500 32*375 33*250 34' 12 S 35-000 35' 8 75 36*750 37-623 38-500 39'37S 40-250 41-125 42-000 42 875 43-750 17-142 1 1 -428 8-57X 6-857 5-714 4-897 4-285 3-809 3-428 3-116 2-857 2-637 2-448 2-285 2-142 2'oi6 1*904 1*804 I*7i4 1-632 I-5S8 I-490 I 428 I'37i I*3i8 P269 1*224 1-182 11** I-io6 1-071 1-038 l-oo8 O-970 0'95' 0-926 0*902 C879 0-857 0-836 0-8:6 0797 0'779 0-761 0-745 0*729 G7'4 0-699 0-68 S Comparative ' Yarn Tables. Metres Italian Manchester LinenScale Cotton Yards Yards per Kilo- Scale Scale. Leas of " WTorsted Scale. per lb. per 02. in 3rams per 300 yds. Soale. gramme. Deniers. 1000 Yards. in 1 lb. 25>£ 21,420 1.338* 43,168 207*5:50 1 1 *95» 1 71.400 33* 26 21,840 1,365 44,oi5 203*166 1 1 *73X 72*800 39 ; 26/z 22,260 1,391* 44,861 199*333 11*500 \ 74-200 39* 27 22,680 1,4*7* 45,707 195-643 11*287 75-600 40* 27# 23,100 1,443* 46,554 192-084 H'C32 77-000 4i* 28 23.520 1,470 47,400 l88'6S4 10*884 78*400 42 * 28# 23,940 1,496* 48,247 I85-345 10*693 70-800 42* 29 24,360 1,522* 49,093 182-149 10*509 8l*3CO 43* 29^ 24,780 1,548* 40,94O 179-062 10*330 82*6oO 44* 30 25,200 i,575 50,786 176-078 10*158 84*0OO 45 ; 30# 25,620 i,6oiX 51,632 I73' 101 9*99« 85*400 45* 31 26,040 1,627* 52,479 170*398 9*831 86-8O0 46* 31# 26,460 1,653* 53,325 167-693 9*674 88*200 47* 32 26,880 1,680 54,H4 165*073 9*523 89*600 48 32^ 27,300 1,706* 55,Ol8 162-333 9*377 91-000 48* 33 27,720 1,732* 55,865 160-070 9*233 92*400 49* 33^ 28, 140 1,758* 56,7U 157-681 9*097 93-800 5o* 34 28,560 1,785 57,558 155-362 8*963 95*200 S 1 , 34^ 28,980 l,8il# 58,404 I53 -xrx 8*833 96*600 51* 35 29,400 1,837* 59,250 150-923 8*707 98*000 52* 35>£ 29,820 1,863* 60,097 148-798 8*584 99*400 53* 36 30,240 1,890 60,943 146-731 8*399 100*800 54 : 36# 30,660 1,916* 6l,790 144*721 8*349 102*200 54* 37 31,080 1,942* 62,636 142*766 8*236 103-600 55* 37^ 31,500 1,968* 63,483 140*862 8*126 105-000 56* 38 31,920 i,995 , 64,329 139*009 8*020 106-400 57 , 38^ 32,340 2,02 1 # 65,176 137*203 7-9I5 107*800 5 lK 39 32,760 2,047,^ 66,022 I35'* 44 7-814 109-200 58K w* 33,l8o 2,073* 66,868 233.729 7*7*5 IIO*6oo 59* 40 33,600 2,100 67,715 132-058 7-619 II2*ooo 60 40^ 34,020 2,I26X 68,561 130-427 7*524 113*400 60* 41 34,440 2,152^ 69,408 128-837 7*433 114*800 61* &# 34,860 2,178* 70,254 127-285 7*343 116*200 62* 42 35,28o 2,205 71,101 125*769 7*256 Il7*6oo 63 ; H&x 35,7oo 2,231* 71,947 124-290 7-176 IJ9'ooo 63* 43 36,120 2,257* 72,794 122*844 7-087 120*400 64^ 43# 36,540 2,283^ 73,640 121-432 7-006 I2I*8oo 65* 44 36,960 2,310 74,486 1 20*053 6*926 123*200 66 1t# 37,38o 2,336* 75,333 Il8'704 6*848 124*600 66* 45 37,8oo 2,362* 76,179 II7*385 6*77» I26*ooo 67* 45^ 38,220 2,388* 77,026 fi6*095 6*698 I27*4oo 68* 46 38,640 2,4^5 77,872 II4-833 6-625 I28*8oo 69 V 46^ 39,o6o 2,441* 78,719 113*598 6'5S4 130*200 69* 47 39,480 2,467^ 79,565 II2-390 6*484 I3T600 70* 47^ 39,9oo 2,493* 80,412 111*207 6*4*6 133-000 71* 48 40,320 2,520 81,258 110*048 6 349 134*400 72 4£% 40,740 2,546* 82,104 Io8*9*4 6*283 135-800 72* 49 41,160 2,5/2* 82,951 107*802 6*219 137-200 73* ts# 41,580 2,598* 83,797 Io6*7*3 6*156 138*600 74* 50 42^000 2,625 84,644 I05*566 609S 140*000 75 139 Comparative^Yarn Tables. Metres Italian Manchester LinenSoale Cotton Yards Yards per Scale Scale. Leas of Worsted Scale. per lb. per oz. Kilo- in Drams per 300 yds. in Scale. gramme. Deniers. 1000 yds. lib. 51 42,840 2,677^ 5S»33 7 I03'S75 5*975 142*800 76^ 52 43,680 2,730 : 88,030 101*583 5-860 145-600 78 53 44,520 2,782^ 89,722 99*666 5*750 148*400 79>£ 54 45,36o 2,835 ■ 9i,4i5 97*821 5*643 151-200 81 55 46,200 2,887^ 93,108 96*042 5*54i 154-000 82^ 56 47,040 2,940 ! 94,8oi 94*327 5*442 156*800 84 57 47,880 2,992>3 96,494 92- 6 72 5*346 159-600 85K 58 48,720 3,045 , 98,195 91*075 5* 2 54 162*400 ^7 59 49,560 3,097^ 99,880 89*531 5-165 165*200 88^ 60 50,400 3,150 ■ 101,573 88*039 5*079 168*000 90 61 51,240 3,202^ 103,265 86*595 4*996 170*800 91% 62 52,080 3,255 , 104,958 85*i99 4*9X5 173-600 93 63 52,920 3,3°7 l A 106,651 83-846 4*837 176*400 W/z 64 53,760 3,360 108,288 82*536 4*761 179-200 96 65 54,600 lAi*Yz 110,037 81*266 4-688 182*000 97^ 66 55,440 3,465 , "i,730 80*035 4*6x7 184*800 99 67 56,280 3.5*7# "3,423 78*840 4-548 187*600 100^ 68 57,120 3,57o 115,116 77-681 4*481 1 90 '400 102 69 57,96o 3,622^ 116,809 76-555 4*4x6 193*200 ^y£ 70 58,800 3,675 118,501 75-462 4'353 196*000 io 5 71 59,640 3,727^ 120,194 74-399 4*292 198-800 io6y 2 72 60,480 3,78o 121,887 73-366 4-199 20I *6oo 108 73 61,320 3,832^ 123,580 72-360 4*X74 204*400 109K 74 62, 160 3,885 125,273 7X-383 4-118 207 *2QO in 75 63,000 3,937*4 126,966 70*43X 4*063 210*000 "2# 76 63,840 3,99o I2S,6 S9 69*504 4-0x0 2I2'8oo 114 77 64,680 4,042^ 130,352 68-601 3*957 215*600 ™$% 78 65,520 4,095 132,045 67*722 3*907 2l8*400 117 79 66,360 4>H7 l A '33,737 66*864 3*857 221 '2O0 «8# 80 67,200 4,200 135,430 66*029 3-809 224*000 120 81 68,040 4,252^ 137,123 65*213 3-762 226*800 I2I# 82 68,880 4,305 , 138,816 64*4x8 3-716 229-600 123 83 69,720 4,357^ 140,509 63-642 3-671 232*400 124*^ 84 70,560 4,410 142,202 62*884 3-628 235-200 238*000 126 85 71,400 4,462^ 143,895 62*145 3-585 127^ 86 72,240 4,515 145,588 61*422 3*543 240*800 129 87 73,080 4,567>^ 147,280 60*716 3*503 243"6oo 130^ 88 73,920 4,620 148,973 60*026 3-463 246*400 132 89 74,76o 4,672^ 150,666 59*352 3-424 249*200 133^ 90 75,6oo 4,725 152,359 58-692 3-386 252*000 '35 91 76,440 4,777% 154,052 58-047 3*349 254*800 136^ 92 77,280 4,830 155,744 57-416 3-312 257*600 138 93 78,120 4,882^ 157,438 56-799 3*277 260*400 139% 94 78,960 4,935 J59,i3i 56-195 3-242 263-200 141 95 79,800 4,987^ 160, «24 55' 6 °3 3-268 266*000 142^ 96 80,640 5,040 162,516 55*° 2 4 3-174 268*800 144 97 81,480 5,092^ 164,209 54-457 3-141 271*600 HS'A 98 82,320 5,145 , 165,902 53-901 3-109 274*400 147 99 83,160 5,i97K 167,595 169,288 53-356 1 3-078 277*206 148X 100 84,000 5,250 ^ 52*783 1 3*047 280000 J 50 UO Comparative Yarn Tables. ' Metres Italian Manchester Linen Scr.le. Cotton Yards Yards per Scale Scale. Leas of Scale. per lb. per oz. Kilo- in Drams per 1000 yds. 300 yds. in gramme. Deniers. I lb. 105 88,20O 5.5"tf 177,752 50*307 2*902 294*000 110 92,400 5,775 186,217 48*021 2*77o 308 000 115 96,600 6,037^ 194,681 45*933 2*650 322*000 120 100,800 6,300 203,146 44*019 2*539 336000 125 105,000 6,562^ 6,825 , 2ll,6l0 42-2S8 2*438 350-000 ISO 109,200 220,075 40*633 2*344 364000 1S5 H3,400 7,o8?K 228,539 39-128 2*257 378000 140 117,600 7,35o y 237,003 37*731 2.176 392 000 145 121,800 7,6 1 2>£ 245,468 36*429 2'IOI 406 000 150 126,000 1> S7S , 253,932 35' 215 2*031 420*000 155 130,200 8,i37K 262,397 34*079 1-966 434-000 180 134,400 8,400 270,861 33-014 I*904 448-000 165 138,600 8,662^ 279,326 32*014 1*847 462*000 170 142,800 8,925 287,790 31*072 1*792 476000 175 147,000 9,187^ 296,254 30*184 I*74i 490*000 180 151,200 9,450 , 304,719 29*346 1-693 504*000 185 155,400 9.7'2# 313,183 28*553 1*647 518*000 190 159,600 9,975 321,648 27*801 1*604 532*000 195 163,800 10,237 y z 330,112 27-088 1*562 546*000 200 168,000 10,500 338,577 26*392 1-523 560*000 205 172,200 10,762^ 347,041 25*767 1-486 574-000 210 176,400 11,025 355,505 25*154 I -451 588*000 215 180,600 11,287^ 363,970 , 24*568 I'4i7 602*000 220 184,800 ".55o , 372,432 v ' 24*010 I-385 616*000 225 189,000 H,8l2tf l 380,898 23*477 1*354 630-000 280 193,200 12,075 389,363 22 '966 1*325 644-000 235 197,400 12,337 J£ 397.827 22*472 1-296 658*000 240 201,600 12,600 406,292 22*°°9 !> 269 672000 245 205,800 12,862^ 414.756 21*560 I *243 ! 686*000 250 210,000 13,125 423,221 21*1-9 1'2I9 700-000 255 214,200 i3,387K 43^,685 20*715 1-195 714-000 260 218,400 13,650 440,150 20*3i6 1*72 728-000 265 222,600 13,912^ 448,614 19*933 I-15© 742 000 270 226,800 M,i75 457>078 19*564 I«xa8 756*000 275 231,000 14.437^ 465,543 IQ'208 I'SoS 770*000 280 235,200 14.700 474,007 l8'86 5 I-o88 784*000 798-000 285 239,400 14,962^ 482,472 18*534 ro©9 290 243,600 15,225 490,936 18*214 1*050 812000 295 247,800 15,487*2 499,401 ,7.906 1-033 826*000 800 252,000 i5,75o 507,865 17*607 I -015 840*000 305 256,200 16,012^ 516,329 17*319 0-999 854-000 310 260,400 16,275 524,794 I7*039 0*983 868*000 315 264,600 i6,537K 533.258 16*769 0*067 882*000 320 268,800 16,800 541,723 l6*507 0*952 896*000 325 273,000 17,062^ 550,187 l6*253 0*937 910000 330 277,200 17,325 558,652 16*007 0*923 924*000 335 281,400 I7,587X 567,116 I5*768 0-909 938*000 340 285,600 17,850 575,58o I5*536 0*896 952*000 345 289,800 I8,II2# 584,045 15*311 0*883 966*000 «3£0 294,000 . 18,375 . 592>5°9 15-092 0*870 980000 141 Comparative Yarn Tables: Cotton Yards Yards Metres per Italian Scale Manchester Scale. Linen Scale. Leas of Scale. per lb. per oz. Kilogramme. in Deniers. Drams per 1000 yds. SOO yds. in lib. 355 298,200 18,637^ 600,974 14*879 0^58 r 994*000 360 302,400 18,900 609,438 14-673 0*846 1,008*000 365 306,600 I9,l62^ 617,903 14*472 0-834 1,022*000 370 310,800 19,425 626,367 14*276 0*823 1,036*000 375 3IS,000 19,687^ 634,832 14-086 0*3i2 1,050*000 380 319,200 *9,95o 643,296 13900 0*802 1,064-000 385 323,400 20,212^ 651,761 13*730 0*79i 1,078*000 390 327,600 20,475 660,225 13*544 0*781 1,092*000 395 331,800 2o,737K 668,690 I3'372 0*77i 1. 106*000 400 336,000 21,000 677,155 13-196 0*76i 1, 120*000 405 340,200 21,262^ 685,619 13*042 0*752 1,134*000 410 344,400 21,525 694,082 12-883 0*743 1,148*000 415 348,600 2i,787K 702,548 12-728 0*734 1,162*000 420 352,800 22,050 711,011 12*577 0*735 1,176*000 425 357,000 22,312^ 719,477 12-428 0*7i7 1, 190*000 430 361,200 22,575 727,940 12*284 0*708 1,204-000 435 365,400 22,837^ 736,406 12-143 0*700 1, 218*000 440 369,600 23,100 744*869 12*005 0*692 1,232*000 445 373,8oo 23,362^ 753,334 1 1 -870 0*684 1,246.000 450 378,000 23,625 76i,797 ir738 0-677 1,260-000 455 382,200 23,887^ 770,262 11-609 0*669 1,274-000 460 386,400 24,150 7?S,727 11*483 0"66a 1, 288 000 465 390,600 24,412^ 787,191 11*359 0*655 1,302-000 470 394,800 24,675 795.655 11*236 0*648 1,316*000 475 399,000 24.937K 804,120 Il'iao 0*64* 1,330-000 480 403,200 25,200 812,584 11-004 0*634 1,344-000 485 407,400 25,462^ 821,048 10-891 0*628 1,358*000 490 411,600 25,725 829,513 IO780 0*621 1,372*000 495 415,800 25,987K 837,977 10*671 0*615 1,386*000 500 420,000 26,250 846,443 IC564 0*609 1,400*000 505 424,200 26,512^ 854,906 10*460 0*603 1,414*000 510 428,400 26,775 063,371 IO*357 0*597 1,428*000 515 432,600 27,037^ 871,835 10*256 0*59* 1,442-000 520 436,800 27,300 880,300 IO-X58 0-586 1,456*000 525 441,000 27,562^ 27,825 888,764 IO'o6i 0*580 1,470*000 530 445,200 897,229 9-966 0'575 1,484*000 635 449,400 28,087^ 905,692 9*873 0-569 1,498*000 540 453,600 28,350 914,157 9-782 0'564 1,512*000 545 457,8oo 28,612^ 922,621 9-692 0*559 1,526*000 550 462,000 28,875 931,086 9-604 0'5S4 1,540*000 555 466, 200 29,i37K 939,55o 9-5I7 0*549 1,554-000 560 470,400 29,400 948,015 9*432 0*544 1,568 000 565 474,600 29,662^ 956,479 9*349 0'539 1,582-000 670 478, Soo 29,925 964,944 9-267 0534 1,596*000 575 483,000 30,187^ 973,409 9-186 530 r, 610-000 580 585 487,200 30.450 981,873 9-107 0*525 1,624-000 491,400 30,712^ 990,338 9-029 0*520 1,638 000 590 495,600 3o,975 998,802 8-953 0*5*6 1,652-000 595 499,800 31,237^ 1,007,267 8-877 0'5i2' 1,666000 600 504,000 31,500 | '.015,731 8-803 0'507 1,680 000 142 PRINCIPLES OF THE COUNTS. Cotton Scale. Yards per lb. Yards per oz. Yds. per dram. Metres per Kilogramme. Italian Scale. Manchester Scale. Linen Scale. Worsted Scale. Kawick Scale. Galashiels Scale. Alloa Scale. Aberdeen Scale. The hank is 840 yds., and the number of such hanks in I lb. avoirdupois is the count of the yarn. The same scale is used for Patent Silk. */ 4 o 8 Cotton means single 40 s doubled to 20 s j but 2/40* Patent Silk (better written 40/2 for distinction) is single 80 s doubled to 40 s - . A spindle is 18 hanks=i5,i20 yds. Is the most simple of all the scales. Is used in Dewsbury for Woollen yarn, and in Yorkshire generally for Organzine Silk, and is sometimes called the West of England scale. Used in Huddersfield district for Woollen Yarn. T 20 " skein " yarn, means that 20 yds. will weigh I dram. French and Swiss No. 100 s . means 100,000 metres to the Kilogramme. This table is based on I metre=39'37<> inches, I Kilo.=2-=o4 lbs. Authorities differ considerably as to the length of the hank, and the weight of a denier. Wc follow the rule of the London Silk Conditioning House, which is an acknowledged authority in all disputes. The hank is 400 French eIis=476metres=52oyards. 533V3 deniers make 1 oz avoirdupois The number of deniers that one such hank weighs is the count of the yarn. The hank is 1000 yds., and the number of drams that such a hank weighs is the count of the Yarn. The hank 6r Lea is 300 yds., and the number of these in I lb. is the count of the yarn. A spindle is 48 Leas =14,400 yds. A bundle is 200 Leas— 60,000 yds. The hank is 560 yds., and the number of such hanks in 1 lb. is the count of the yarn. The Cut is 300 yds., and the number of Cuts in 26 oz. is the count of the yarn. A spindle is 48. cuts= 14,400 yds. A Slip is 12 Cuts. The Cut is 300 yds., and the number of Cuts in 24 oz. is the count of the yarn. A spindle is 48 cuts= 14.400 yds. A Slip is 12 Cuts. Used also in Stilling, Kilmarnock and elsewhere. The Cut is 240 yds. 48 Cuts=i 1,520 yds. make a spindle. The number of such spindles in zx lb. is the count of the yarn. The spindle is 14,400 yds., and the number of lbs.' 2. spindle weighs is the count of the yarn. No. I s or ** 1 lb. yarn" is 14,400 yds. to the lb. (l 1 < a a: < < Of < to o (0 h i 0< p; o Atherton Machine Co. BUILDERS OF THE LATEST MODERN IMPROVED SILK [MACHINERY KENNEDY'S LATEST SWIVEL LOOM. Winders, Power Warpers, Dpublers, Quilling Frames, Broad Looms, Ribbon Looms, Ribbon Blockers. Silk Finishing Machinery and Throwing Machinery a Specialty. All Grades of Chemical, Ticker and Ribbon Paper Cu1 to any Desired Size and Properly Rolled. Pullies, Hangers, Shafting and General Mill Wrights, Iron and Brass Foundry Attached. Estimates Cheerfully Given. FRANKLIN HULLS, IDILL ST., PflTERSON, N- J.