UlBRARV npcONCKESS.I # # JUNITKD 8TATKS OF AMhUlCA.| Sinn ANMvi:iisArtV OK T H y. National Independence, DOVER;, IVr. H. i^iill iitimi lit- th- (Tdcdraliun, I N f L U I) I N O PKKLIMINAllY INCIDKXTS, rROCESSIOX, KXGIXE TRIAL, FIKKWOKKS, DKCOKAilOXS, \'C. A I. S O OEATION Hon. JAMES W. rATTEU.SOX, OF HANOVER, X. U. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. DO V Kli, \. II . U. HAK.NES, JR., rtliMMiJLU II. U. GOODWIN, PRINTER. 1865. CITY GOVERNSVIENT. At a special meeting of the City Governmentj held Friday evening, July Ttli, the following resolution was unanimously passed and a copy of the same forwai'ded to Hon. J, W. Patterson, eliciting the subjoined reply. "Besolved — By the City Council of Dover, that the thanks of the City Government are hereby extended to Hon. James W, Patterson, for the eloquent and able i^ration pronounced by him before the citizens of Dover, under the auspices of the City Government on the 4tS» iust., and that he be requested to furnish a copy for pub- lication." ; Rp]PLY. Dover, N. H., July 12, 18()5. B. Barnes, Jr., Esq., Dear Sir : Herewith please find the abstract of Hon. James W. Patterson's reply to tlie letter sent him July 8th, in accordance with a resolution passed by the (.^ity Council on tlie 7th inst, Respectfally yours, JOHN B. STEYENS, Jr., Cit?/ Clerk. Hanover, N. H., July 10, 18{]5. My Dear Sir: Your kt'cer of July Sth communicating to me a Resolution of the City Council of Dover, in which they request a copy of the address, which I delivered in your City on the day of our National Anniversary, has been received and its contents noted. I appreciate the honor of the request and do not feel at liberty to refuse it. * * * * * The arrangement with tlie City, proposed by Mr. Barnes, to print it in pamphlet Ibrm, will be per- fectly satisfactory to me. Please communicate with him. Very respectfull}^, your ob't serv't, J. W. PATTERSON. John B. Stevens, Jr., Esq. T. Tlie 89th Anniversary of American Independence re- turned to us the present year with increased and perhaps never equalled interest. The momentous struggles of the past four years have been in defence of that Union we all love so well, and under which we have enjoyed and do enjoy innumerable blessings — the blessings of a free Re- pu-blic founded upon democratic principles. The first gun fired upon Sumter awoke the national heart, and we have but just seen the culmination of our heroism and many sacrifices — a restored nation — a suppressed rebel- lion — a united people. Why, then, should we not rejoice and "the hills clap their hands with joy," and the moun- tains echo from summit to summit the glad tidings so welcome to us all ! As Governor Smyth remarked in his proclamation of 21st of June, calling upon the people to gather together on the 4th ,of July and unite in demon- strations of gratitude and joy at our deliverance from war and national peril : " Peace smiles once more upon our whole land. The devastation of war has ceased, and the fearful waste of life is ended. The armies of the Great Rebellion, which for four years have desolated our country and defied its authority, are broken and dispersed, and organized armed resistance to the Government is everywhere suppressed. Traitors who have so haughtily defied our Flag are now bowed in submission before it, and suing for pardon and i mercy at tbe huuds of the govcruuiciii lliCj sought to destroy.'' ClTr GOVERNMENT. Dover, the earliest settled town in New-Jfampshire, under the impetas of its patriotic citi/,eus, determined to observe the day with all the pomp and patriotism due the occasion. The City Council, at a meeting- June 9th, passed a resolution approjiriating a sum of money for the purpose and appointed the following Joint Committee : — ■ His Honor Wm. F. Estes, ex-ofiicio Chairman ; Aldermen Joseph Hallam and Joseph Morrill ; Conncilmen W. T. Perkins, Seth T. Hartford, Chas. E. Wentworth, AV. L. Thompson and E. B. Chamberlin. The Committee immediately proceeded to hold meet- ings and lay out the programme in fine order, appointing sub-committees and showing a zeal in the good work quite commendable. A sum of money for the object was also raised by subscription among the citizens, and under these auspices a grand celebration seemed to be iorth- ooming, and the subse({uent portion of our report justifies the expectation. FOURTH OF JULY. The day opened finely. The showers of Saturday and Suuda}^, tlie 1st and 2d insts., seemed to be the cooling balm of Heaven upon the worthy occasion, for it laid the dust and made the day one of much physical as well as general comfort. Nature was in her gayest attire, and the warm sun, blue sky and cooling breeze w^as indeed de- lightful. Before dawn and without cessation carriages and pedestrians came pouring in — vast streams of living beings — patriotic souls — fired with reverance for our National holiday, and bent on seeing and being seen — lost lor a day " Amid the nn^.'ilv jra/c of -ror^'.'ous Uiin;'5.'' UDDS AND ENDS. At early morning tlie Grand Army of the Coclieco, tlm Odds and Ends, Lieut. Gen.K, L. P. W. Duesenbury com> nuinding, paraded through the principal streets with all the grim and fearful circumstance of war, making one of the most grotesque, absurd and witty displays ever at- tempted. They were accompanied by the celebrated IJand of the lOOTOth Army Corps, Don Sanguinarian, Leader, whose magnificent efforts woke many a resting citizen with dulcet strains of sweeter music than is often heard in a life time. An Oration was delivered by Hon. Jonathan Haystack, High Excellency Qui Quintem Squash Bosherinctum, the Orator expected, being indisposed and unable to come out. The orator was eloquent and full of patriotism, and was received with shouts, cheers, laughter, tears, &c., especially "&c." After the close of the Oration, the procession " reformed " and returned to headquarters — *' Sic transit gloria miciidi,'' or Tuesday, rather. RINGING OF BP:LLS AND SALUTE. At sunrise, noon and sunset, the bells were rung. A salute was also fired at those times by Capt. Nathaniel Glines of the old Dover Artillery, the gun used being the old 19th Regiment field piece of more than local history. INSTRUMENTAL CONCERTS. At A. M. Concerts, commencing with '-America,'' were given on Franklin Square by the Dover Cornet Band, J. Burleigh Piukham, Leader ; on Central Square by the Barnstead Band, D. M. Jacobs, Leader, and on Court Square by the South Newmarket Band, "W. M. Robinson, Leader, discoursing finely some choice and appropriate t^elections; including the National airs. PROCESSION. At 11 A. M. precisely, tlie Grand Procession, which had been organized, moved on the route, viz : Detachment of Police. Chief Marshal, Col. Geo. H. Peirce. Aids, Col. C. S. Whitehouse, Gonic ; S. C Fisher, and C. W. Wiggiu, Dover; E. H. Austin, Madbury. FIRST DIVISION. Dover Cornet Band, J. B. Pinkham, Leader. Strafibrd Guards, Capt. Thos. Currier. Dover Phalanx, Master Frank Nason, Captain. Chief of Police, Gilman Vickery, mounted. Carriages containing the City Government, Officers of the Day and Invited Guests, viz : His Honor Mayor W. F. Estes, the Aldermen, the Common Council, other City Officials, Committee of Ar- rangements ; Hon. James W. Patterson, Orator of the Day ; Rev. James Rand, Cliaplain of the Day ; S. ^U Wheeler, Esq., President of the Day ; John B. Stevens, Jr., Esq., Reader of the Declaration of Independence ; Hon. E. H. Rollins, M. C. 2d District, and Hon. Onslow Stearns of Concord ; Col. A. Herbert Bellows of Wal- pole ; Judge C. W. Woodman of Dover; Capt. Daniel Hall, Provost Marshal, of 1st District, and others. SECOND DIVISION. Lieut. B. F. Yittum, Chief of Division. John Wiggin, Esq., Capt. Israel B. Littlefield, Assistant Marshals. South Newmarket Band, W. M. Robinson, Leader. Fire Department with carriages and engines, viz : Hook and Ladder No. 1, Capt. ]\[ark F. Nason, 100 men. Carriage richly trimmed with flowers and ever- greens, also with festoons of same ; floral baskets pen- dant at front and back — a handsome display. On each side was " Our Union Invincible " and tlio company's motto, "Say the word and down comes your house."- — Men in citizens dress. Tiger Engine Co. No. 2, Capt. J. S. Hayes, 2d ; 35 men. Kngino decorated with American flags and wreaths. This macliine is in itself an elegantly adorned tub, and con- sequently needs but little trimming to beautify it. Men dressed in black pants, blue jackets with red lacings, drab caps with red trimmings. Fountain Engine Company No. 3, Capt. D. Crockett ; 40 men. Engine handsomely trimmed with evergreen, ■flags and shields, with photograph of Mayor Estcs in front — looked pretty and tasty. Men dressed in black pants, red shirts, three-cornered hats, on which wiis ''Fountain Fire Association No, 3, Dover, N, H, Cataract Engine ('o. No. 4, Capt, J, Mahoney ; 30 men. Engine trimmed with festoons of evergreen, wreaths, flags, &c., with the motto of the Company over the En- gine — neat and appropriate. Men dressed in black pants, white shirts, and glazed caps, Cochecho Engine Co, No. 5, Capt, T. L. Tibbetts ; 40 men. Engine finely trimmed throughout with festoons, flags, floral baskets, &c. Men dressed in black pants, red shirts with blue velvet facings, in centre of Avhich is a star — lire hats on Avhich is their motto, "Bought Ready No. 5." THIRD DIVISION, Col, Charles A, Tufts, Chief of Division. Surg. C. II. Horsch, Capt. A. J. Hough, Assistant Marshals. Barnstead Band, D. M. Jacobs, Leader. St. Paul Commandery Enight Templars No. 3, of Dover, Sir Knights Oliver Wyatt, Eminent Commander ; Richard N. Ross, Generalissimo ; M. C, Burleigh, Captain General, — with Delegations from Mt. Horeb Commandery, Concord ; DeWitt Clinton Commandeiy, Portsmouth, and others. StraiTord Lodge F. and A. Masons No. 29 of Dover. Acting j\Iaster Silas Dunn — with Delegations from St, John's and St. Andrew's Lodges, Portsmouth ; Star in the East Lodge, Exeter ; Fraternal Lodge, Farmington ; Hu- mane Lodge, Rochester ; Granite and Libanus Lodges, Somersworth ; Morning Star Lodge, Wolfboro'; Rising Star Lodge, Newmarket, and others, under John S. Hayes, Esq., Marshal. Quochecho Encampment I. 0. 0. Fellows No. 4 of Do- ver. Daniel Littlefield, C. P., with Delegations from Strawberry Bank Encampment, Portsmouth, Norway Plains Encampment, Rochester, and others. Wecohamet Lodge I. 0. 0. Fellows No. 3 of Dover. S. T. Hartford, N. G., with Delegation from Piscataqua and New Hampshire Lodges, Portsmouth ; Motolinia Lodge, Rochester ; Sagamore Lodge, Newmarket ; Sal- mon Falls Lodge, Salmon Falls ; Olive Branch Lodge, South Berwick, and others, all under W. H. Pqrmeuter, Esq., Grand Marshal. Hibernian U. B. Society, Dennis Mahoney, President, 50 men. FOUKTH DIVISION. Col. J. P. Baker, Chief of Division. R. B. Wiggin, James I. Christie, A. J. Hodgdon, C. W. Adams, Jr., Assistant Marshals. Instructors and Children of Public Schools numerically arranged — in carriages and hayracks, viz : District No. L Belknap Grammar School, Silver Street, E. M. Lancas- ter, Principal ; Sarah B. Piper, Assistant. Secondary School, Silver Street, M. Ellen Bickford. Teacher. 9 Primary School, Silver Street, Mary S. Piper, Teacher ; Emma Thomson, Assistant. Secondary School, Pine Hill, Lizzie S. Drew, Teacher. Primary School, Juliette Reynolds, Teacher. District No. 2. High School, Chestnut Street, Thomas Tash, Principal ; Emily A. Hutchinson, Assistant. Grammar School, Chestnut Street. J. L. Brewster^ Principal ; Lauraua J. Hanson and Clarabel Gerrish, As- sistants. Washington Street Primary Schools — Hattie P. "Web- ster, Mary T, Caverly, Mary E. Wentworth, Alice A. Hackett, Teachers. St. Thomas St. Primary School — Lydia A. Flaggy Teacher. School St. Primary Schools — Lovie F. Ricker, Delia A. Henderson, Hattie R. Colby, Sarah F. Rand, Teachers. Hurd street Primary Schools — Edna E. Caswell, Sarah L. Hallam, Ella M. Spurling, Sophronia Smith, Teachers. Fourth street Primary School — Ellen F. Flagg, Teacher, Brick street Primary Schools — Sarah A. Chapman and Emma M. Home, Teachers. District No. 3 — Lucie A. McDufFee, Teacher. District No. 4 — Caroline D. Hall, Teacher. District No. 5 — Elizabeth J. Nute, Teacher. District No. 6 — Emma H. Bean, Teacher. District No. 7 — Mary C. Cook, Teacher. District No. 8— Mary A. Babb, Teacher.' District No. 9 — Georgiana Home, Teacher. District No. 10 — Sarah H. Ross, Teacher. District No. 11— Mary A. Tuttle, Teacher. District No. 12 — Abby F. Jenness, Teacher. Franklin Academy — Charles Jewett, Principal ; Susaa E. LeBosquet. Abby E. Flagg, -Assistants, 10 Citizens of Dover and suironndinc; towns in carria2:es. Citizens of Dover and surrounding towns in Cavalcade. The Route of the Procession was, viz : From the City Hall tlirough Washington to Belknap, through Belknap, Locust, Spring, Pleasant, Central, Washington, Main, Franklin, Brick and Chestnut streets, to Cocheco Grove. The High Scliool scholars were in two beautiful car- riages, the 1st and 2nd classes in a car of unique design, trimmed with evergreen and flowers, with a canopy form- ed by streamers of the same material, the whole lined with red. The American Hag graced the car at several points, and the young ladies presented a happy scene. On each side was ''Dover High School," between two circular inscriptions, viz. : "Declaration of Independence, July -i, 1770." — "Proclamation of Emancipation, Jan. 1, 186.3." In the rear, "Union and Freedom," a star between. The od and 4th classes of the Iligii School were in a boat representing the Ship of State, the Goddess of Lib- erty with the American Shield as the i]gure-head, and a Commodore at the helm. On each side was "Our Coun- try's Pride," — a very charming and appropriate design, reflecting much credit upon those originating it. The Masonic, Odd Fellows, Hibernians, Fire Companies, and other bodies, displayed their full insignia und corpor- ate banners, which added largely to the imposing charac- ter of tlie occasion. EXERCISES AT THE GROVE. The Procession arrived at Cochecho Grove, near the depot at about, 12.30 noon, a vast auditory having assem- bled, composed largely of ladies, whose patriotism on this occasion vied enviably with that of the sterner sex, and whose smiles and bright looks were universally appreci- ated. Soon tlie grove was well filled with the multitude, eager to listen to the eloquent and noble words "that fire the heart and move the sense'' of liumanitv. 11 Joseph Hallaui, Esi^., in bciuiU" ol" the Cuiumitluo of Arrang-emencs, called the assemblage to order, and an- nounced the following list of officers for the occasion: President — Samuel M. Wheeler, Esq. Vice Presidents — Daniel M. Christie, John E. Bick- ford, Z. S. Wallingford, Dr. Joseph H. Smith, Dr. Levi G. Hill, C. W. ATiggin, W. S. Stevens, Albert S. Tash, Eben- ezer Faxon, Joseph ^Y. Vv^elch, C. W. Woodman, Dr. A. Bickford, Wm. Burr, Dover ; G. W. Burleigh, Royal East- man, Somersworth; Joshua Converse, Augustus Rollins, Rollinsford ; Jonathan Cartland, Lee ; Col. John W. King- man, Durham; W. II. H. Twombly, Madbury; William Hale, Barrington: Jacob H. Ela, Rochester ; N. V. White- house, Gonic ; George C. Peavey, Strafford ; John D. Lyman, Farmington ; Charles H. Jones, Milton ; Thomas Bennett, New Durham ; Augustus G. Orne, Middleton. Secretaries — T. B. Garland, G. H. Neibuhr, B. Barnes, Jr., Dover; Prank McDuffee, Rochester. Mr. Wheeler, who presided with his usual good taste, without extended remarks, announced the orders of tho day. After singing "Independence Da}'"' by the children of the schools, under the care of John G. Gate, Esq., wdiich was finely given, Rev. James Rand invoked tho blessing of Almighty God upon the occasion, in a fervent and impressive prayer. The children then sang "Ameri- ca"' in a thrilling and effective manner, the audience joining. Next the Declaration of Independence was read by the City Clerk, John B. Stevens, Jr., Esq., and it was one of the best renditions ever given in Dover. Follow- ing which, was Hon. James W. Patterson's Oration. Ten days since my neighbor died at the age of eighty- nine. Born a colonist and the subject of a king, bis memory touched the birth-struggle of our nation, lingered in the years through which its power and prosperity were consolidated, and closed its eventful record with the great civil conflict, in which the Government has been regenerated and fitted for a higher and more perma- nent life, by the blood of children, born after the venera- ble man had passed the culmination of his years. The whole current of our national history, burdened with the golden argosies of the past, and bearing onward to posterity the priceless treasures of Liberty and Civiliza- tion, which the Anglo American people have added to the wealth of the world, has flowed beneath the span of that single life. This is but the Eighty-ninth Anniversary of the Re- public, yet "Avhat grand triumphs of peace, what heroic endurance, and imperishable deeds of just war, what, achievements of popular intelligence and enterprise crowd the brief record of our years ! Earth and air have been rifled of their hidden treasures and rendered subservient to our success as a people. — Cunning inventions have been multiplied and made to facilitate the processes of labor. Science and Art have rapidly and constantly advanced. Wealth has been creal- •ed as if by the power of magic, and thrown into the varied forms of convenience, comfort, elegance, luxury and productive capital. In less than a century a national literature has grown up. rivaling in richness and variety 14 the intellectual product;;, wliicli in the old world have been accumulating since the revival of learning. In this short period the Government too has attained to a foremost place in civil power and national influence, and what is far better, has given to our white population and at last, I trust in God, has given to our entire popu- lation in every branch of industr}', the security of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.*' The a3gis of Law has everywhere and at all times pro- tected the constitutional prerogatives and the social priv- ileges of the citizen. Political rights and the sanctities of home have here been sliielded by the force of public opin- ion from the invasions of power, and licenseamore sacredly than elsewhere by the watchful police of consolidated power. All this has been the work of "a people, who", as Burke said of our fathers " are still as it were but in the gristle, and not hardened into the bone of manhood.'' When five centuries had elapsed from the foundation of Rome, she commanded less power than is wielded by the commonwealth of New-Hampshire at the opening of her ninetieth year of divided sovereignty. A thousand years of pupilage were given to Greece, before slie began her historic career among the great powers of the world. England, Christian England, has had more than fifteen centuries of discipline b}" peace and war, in which to de- velop her resources and perfect her institutions, and yet to-day, the United States, except where treason has brought the desolations of civil strife, are in advance of the mother country in the mechanical and other aids to industry ; in the thrift and enterprise of their laboring- classes; in the diffusion of wealth and intelligence, and in everything which can make a people great and happy. What is the source and sustaining power of all this un- IKirallclcd prosperity? Jt camiot have rcHultcd largely from an inherent difference of populations. We will not arrogate to ourselves superior powers, except as the re- sult of our national education and discipline, for we trace our lineage to the same Celtic and Teutonic stock, from which the nations of Western Earopo sprung, and have inherited with them the vigor and vitality of Saxon blood. We have not outstripped others in the pursuit of M^ealth and empire, because our soil is more fertile or filled with richer treasures than theirs. It is not because we breath a purer air, or are spanned by more beautiful skies than those which spread above the realms where Oriental despots or European kings hold sway. The springs of this mighty activity, this amazing pros- perity of our people, will not be found exclusively in the llepublican forms of governuiont established by our fath- ers. That was a great work, the remembrance of which can never perish from history or the gratitude of their children. But it was not their greatest work. The Re- public was not so truly American as the ground princijjles with which they underlaid it and the spirit of j^^^'sonal liberty which they infused into it. Eepublics had risen and perished before their day. There were the ancient Greek republics, in v/hich per- sonal liberty was lost sight of in the paramount indepejr dence of the State. The lowest stratum of society was left uncared for, a fertile hot-bed of miseries and discontents. Hh'Ai prof anum valgus was tlie perpetual source of \'iolent outbreaks in the State, and a facile instrument in the hands of unscrupulous aspirants for civil or military power. Between the fifth and twelfth centuries arose the con- federated free cities of Europe. But the freedom of those centuries vv^ould be social servitude in this. " The terms servitude and freedom " says Gnizot recall to our minds ideas far more pi'coise and definite tlian tlie facts of the eigbth, ninth or tenth centuries to which they relate. If we say that the towns in the eighth century were in a state of freedom, we say by far too much : we- attach now to the word "freedom" a signification which does not represent the fact of the eiglith century." The- boasted Germanic and other confederations which suc- ceeded the decline of the " free cities " had but the slightest approximation to internal equality and harmony of organization, and were a chain of petty feudal states, leagued together for common defense against an .all-ab- sorbing and rapacious despotism; and for the perpetuation of serfdom, rather than a union of free commonwealths, associated for the elevation and mutual protection of their respective populations. Our flithers Avere instructed too by the civil policy and experience of the Italian republics, reared tipon the political axioms, that all govermental authority emanates from the People ; that political power should return at fixed intervals to its source and that they who hold it should be respondhle to the "people for its use. These are fundamental principles of freedom, but un- fortunately the citizens of those admirable states had not yet discovered that to be free, they must not only assert their independence of foreign andmonarchial domination, but must shield themselves by the checks and barriers of law, against the usurpation and tyranny of a home gov- ernment, that had been Christianized at tite altar of Free- dom. The paramount end of all the early European repub- lics was popular sovereignty and not popular liberty. — Hence it was that the members of the general assemblies of those ancient and mediaeval confederacies, were rather deputies and ambassadors of independent states and cities, each jealous of the others and seeking to enhance its owri- power, thaa the representatives of a -fe-^sr-aLd y^^ 17 nnitod people. They csta])lisho(l an irroprossible conflict, hy bringing together and attempting to harmonize priu- ciplori which had no aflhiity. * " Ut turpiter atrum, Desinat in pi.sceai rauHer formosa supemo." The theory rnnning through all forms of absolutism is, that man, with the exception of the few who rule by the grace of God, is made for government. The theory underlying free civil institutions is, that governments are made for man, and should conform to his conditions and social interests. Now any attempt to frame into a system of government institutions originating in these opposite theories must, in the nature of things, bring discord and ruin to the people over whom it is placed. The principles are antagonistic, and the struggle must go on, till one or the other is excluded and the system made homogeneous. God has brought home this lesson to the convictions of our people, by the bitter experience of the last four years as it was never taught before in history. " Whom the Lord loveth he corrccteth ; even a's a father the son in whom he delighteth." The statesmen wdio established our government and those who framed its constitution wore too well instructed in tlie experiences of the past, not to recognize this great trufh. They had studied carefully the writings of such men as IMilton, Fenelon and Montesqieu, and had pon- dered the essential ciuestions of political philosophy, as they only can upon whom God has laid the responsibility of determining the civil and social condition of their pos- terity to the latest generations. They laid down the po- litical equality of men as a self-evident truth, and assumed that liberty was a natural right, which could not be alien- ated by the dicta of a king, or the enactments of Par- liament. They did not attempt to demonstrate these *NoTE. Or, as freely translated, "A beautiful woman in part and part t\ hMcous lisli." 18 self-eviJcnt trutliis, but more wisely committetl them un- argued to the opinions of mankind in justitication of their solemn act. The assertion, that all men are by nature free and equal, carries conviction without j^roof, like the assertion thag, the whole is greater than its parts. These cardinal truths are the central, organizing prin- ciples of our whole system, and may be made the tests of legislation and public policy. They are fundamental, and, ramifying all our institutions and pervading the national legislation, give to our government a character essential- ly different from that of the earlier republics. Modern liberty is public, social freedom, rather than the indepen- dence of the State, though not excluding the latter. It not only defends the Nation's life and honor, but pro- tects the rights of the citizen by the defenses of law against the encroachments of power. In thus speaking of the work of the fathers, I am re- minded of that barbarous institution of arbitrary power, which in its late attempt to destroy '' life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness," and to enthrone itself upon the ruins of the Republic, has itself been cast down. But when tempted to reproach them with the sacrifices of these years of blood, I remember that though they left it where they found it, under the protection of State law, they would not so much as recognise its existence by a single word in the organic law of the general government. I will not reproach them, for they could not anticipate its growth, and I am not sure that there has been a period since its establishment in the colonies, when it could l;ave been overthrown by anything less than the power of civil war. No word or thought of crimination shall mingle with the grateful tribute, which we this day pay to the memo- ry of the glorious dead. They were the first to establish the representative system in a confederate government. 19 They cast down monopolies and abolislied castes. They opened the honors and the responsibilities of public lil'o to all, lor whom and by whom the government was estab- lished and is maintained. They breathed into republican forms the spirit of personal liberty, and secured the prop- erty, the homes, and the persons of private citizens alike, against the cupidity of license and the encroachments of arbitrary power, by the strong arm of law. They found- ed schools and built churches for the intellectual and moral culture of the people, without which they could neither administer nor perpetuate their institutions. — These are among the precious memorabilia whose light gladdens our eyes, as we gaze back into those years of darkness. How sublime and great does their work appear, when we contrast the constitution and entire structure of this government, in whole or in detail, with the civil institutions of other lands and other ages. Theirs was not an attempt to create a Platonic repub- lic, or to realize a Utopian dream. The diverse interests of an extended territory and a varied industry; the ever- changing and complicated problems arising from domestic and foreign commerce ; the delicate questions of state and national jurisdiction ; the passionate struggles of parties ; all our experiences of peace and war, for near a century, have shown our fabric of institutions to have been conceived with a seeming prophetic forecast of the future, and to have been founded in practical wisdom. Time has established the position of the architects of our system among the pre-eminent statesmen of the world. We, and the generation which preceeded us, listened with bated breath and throbbing hearts to the thrilling story of their lives, but our children will hang entranced on other lips. Their sensibilities -and gratitude, their pride and patriotism, will be enkindled by the greater 20 sacriilces. and not less heroic iicliicveiiiciits of our own time. Like beacon lights. God lifts tliese grand epochs of our history at intervals, that their light may fall forward upon the path which he has marked for vis to tread. It is thus we are educated and perfected for the sublime work, in the cause of civil liberty and Christian progress, which Providence has laid upon our nation. Heaven has kindly lengthened out tlie lives of a remnant of the fa- thers, that they might bring down the congratulations of that dead generation of the founders of the government to this living generation of their children, who have de- fended it against the colossal efforts of domestic treason and foreign hate, and have established its power and its renown under the whole heavens. All others, the mighty counsellors, and the heroic defenders of the infant repub- lic, have joined the great congregation who fell in tlio march, the camp, the battle, from the struggle in the streets of Lexington to the surrender of Yorktown. But on this memorable day, as we utter our words of grateful remembrance, and rehearse the exploits of our sires, we seem to hear from out the depths of air respon- sive and jubilant voices of recognition and gratulation, as if the fithers too were celebrating within the crystal spheres the triumphs of their children. As they look down upon the republic, purified and re-established by a race of men worthy of themselves, each may say, * " Exegi monumentum aere perenniua, Kegalique situ pyramidum altius ; Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo impotcns Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis Annorum series, et fuga temporum. Non omnis raoriar ; multaque pars mei Yitabit Libitinam. *jN'ot];. ISIorc (lural)le tlum hrass, tlic frame AVhicli here I consecrate to Fame ; Hiijlier than pyramids (hat rise, Witli royal piide, to liravc tlie d^ic^- ; 21 111 iioiliiiig else perhaps did the fouudors ol" our rc}nil)- lic exhibit so Avido and carofal a gcucralization of the political experience of nations, or so comprcliensive a statesmanship, as in the provisions which they made lor the freedom of labor. They perceived not only that voluntary industry was tlio proper basis of a sound political economy, but that its protection and encouragement w^as the only policy, which could ensure the enlargement and perpetuation of national power. The true principles, upon wdiich the financial prosperity of nations rests, seem not to have been understood until within a comparatively recent period. Statesmen held and governments practiced upon the theory, that what one gained another must lose. Hence war for the sake of plunder, or commercial advantage, became the estab- lished policy and the constant practice of nations. Cities like Tyre and Corinth, that had grown rich by trade, were sacked to supply the demands of a profligate ruling class, or to feed an indolent and penniless but warlike people. Rome herself, that had wandered like a bandit through the world, fell at last by the hands of Gothic and Vandalic robbers. But the framers of our government conceived more trul}'-, that w^ealth was the product of honest industry, aided by capital and the forces of nature. Acting upon that theory they repudiated war and all en- tangling alliances, and adopted a policy looking to tho developement of the resources of the country and the capacities of its inhabitants. They made the government dependent upon the people, and not the people, as in the Nor years, tIiou;;Ii numberless the train, Nor lliglit of seasons, wasting rain, Nor winds, that knid in tempests l)reak, Sliail e'er its firm foundation sliake. Nor shall the funeral pyre consume My fame; that nobler i)art shall blooin, - With youth unfading shall iinprove. 90 olden time, dependent upon the arms and arbitrary sup- port of the government. In pursuance of this funda- mental idea of political economy, they liberated industry from the burdens and disabilities, which feudal practices and the support of a costly aristocracy had thrown upon it in the old world. Even before the revolution, the law of entails and the law of primogeniture, which Dr. John- eon had defended with the argument that it "made but one fool in a family," had been swept away in some of the colonies. Labor will never put forth all its productive capacity, where its legitimate incomes are restricted by class or governmental monopolies, or where its accumulated capi- tal is rendered insecure, either by the weakness or unre- strained exactions of government. It must languish, also, where the laboring classes are depressed to a condition of social or political inferiority. Labor must bo made honorable, if we would have it profitable, and save the community from a race of drones. The incentives of civil distinction and social position must be brought in, to overcome man's constitutional love of ease and self indul- gence, and to sustain a continuous activity and enterprise in the great industrial pursuits. The people must be ed- ucated, too, if we would constantly increase and improve the character of the products of a country. It is intel- lectual discipline, that brings the discoveries of Science and the inventions of Art to the assistance of Labor, that secures the balance of trade, and gives success in the competition for the markets of the world. In a word, it is free, honorable home industry, which creates wealth, brings national prosperity, strength and influence, and makes a people virtuous, intelligent and happy. This the fathers comprehended and provided for. All the forces of society have here been made to work lov- ingly together, for the accomplishment of the highest 23 success. We liave laid down to rest, secure benoatli the protection, which a beneficent government extends to our homes and our persons. We have toiled, knowing that no ruthless hand of power could appropriate the fruits of our industry, and that our children would enter into our labors. We have been proud of the poor man's success and elevation, and have pointed with self-gratulations to the distinguished agriculturists, the princely merchants, tJie scholars and the statesmen, who have risen from tho humblest ranks among us to the loftiest historic pre- eminence. How grand and how magnificent have been the results ! The old family of Thirteen States has already Avidened into Thirty-four, each of imperial dimensions and capacity, and many more are bending their energies to join ''the circle of Liberty." In less than a century a population of Three millions has increased to a population of Thirty millions without degeneracy. The narrow industry of agriculture and manufactures, with which we entered upon our course, now feeds a commerce, which, springing from its paralysis under the old confederation, at length in lucrativeness and ubiquity disputes the supremacy with the arrogant, insular mistress of the seas, and pours its surplus wealth of products into all the markets of the world. Where else, in Jkne or place, have populous cities, re- sounding with tWroar of multitudinous pursuits, and filled with the palaces and the comforts of universal wealth, risen from the very wilderness, like a golden par- adise in an Eastern tale, and taken permanent root in a single decade but here ? Where but here was ever a wild waste, that had listened only to the howl of the panther, or the whoop of the savage, transformed in the brief years of a child's minority into a mighty commonwealth, rivaling in affluence and power the venerable states of the 24 Tiioilior continent? All this is simple fact nntl not fiction, but tlic half is not told. Would yon approximate to a just conception of tlio financial resources and national capacities,- developed by ninety years of free industry, observe the comfort and vigor of our entire population; measure tlie expenditures, and number the men Avho have fallen in the mighty strug- gle through which we have passed, and then remember that the prosperity of the Xortli has never failed, and thfft our wealth and population have constantly increased dur- ing these years of waste and blood. But this prosperity has not been equally distributed. Hitherto there have been States, whose condition has been abnormal; whose system of domestic industry has deprived them of the le- gitimate results of labor, elevated and energized by the aspirations and competitions of an intelligent community. Extorted labor can only be maintained by violence, and over a people ignorant and unskilful, whose industry will be of the rudest and most unprofitable kind. Educated labor, wliich improves and multiplies the products of art and handicraft, iBies from the vicinage of slavery, and compels its supporters to live in deprivation of the com- forts and improvements of free communities, or to exhaust their incomes by purchasing at enhanced prices. Slaves work without heart and accomplish but little. Any sys- tem of enforced labor, where the laborQ|^s made property, creates a landed aristocracy, and thro^^tlie wealth of the community into the hands of a few. The non-slaveholding free population are driven from the country, or sink to the most abject poverty, and yet are too proud to engage in work, which has been degraded by Slavery. Public intelligence and public morals cannot be maintained in such a community. The poverty-stricken masses, pressed by want and lost to self-respect, become either a danger- ous and turbulent body of malcontents, or the pliant tools of faction in tlie hands of an unscrnpnlous bnt un- titled nobility. The influence upon tlie holders of this species of property is not less baneful than upon the dis- enfranchised and hopeless chattel. Living in case and luxury, upon gains wrung from the compulsory labor oi others, they become indolent, arrogant and corrupt, and naturally desire to carr}'- into the government of tlie state, the monopoly and oppression, with which they have be- come familiar in the institutions of social life. Slavery villanage, serfdom, or any system, wdiich lays restraints upon labor, is unfavorable to the increase of population, to the accumulation of wealth, and to the progress of civilization. Manufactures and commerce will languish nnder slavery, and agriculture will be prosecuted by the most primitive methods. This is not theory but fact, confirmed by the history of our country. In no previous j^eriod has there been so fair and so satisfactory a trial of the merits of free and slave labor, as has been made in our own time and by our own people. In 1790 the population of New York was 340,120, that of Virginia 7-18,308,— more than double that of New York. In 1850 the popu- lation of New York was 3,097,394, that of Virginia 1,421- GGl, — less than half that of New York. In 1791 the exports of Virginia exceeded those of New York by $625,400. In 1852 the exports of New York exceeded those of Virginia by $84,759,799. In 1790 the imports of the two States were nearly equal. In 1853 the imports of New York exceeded those of Virginia by $177,871,995. According to the census of 1850, the value of the real and " personal property of Virginia, including her slaves, was $391,640,438 ; that of New York, without setting a price upon man, was $1,080,309,216. The real and personal estate in New York city alone, is wo-rth more by a hun- dred million of cTollars than the entire valuation of the ''Old Dominion,'' negroes and all. c 2r, Run the parallel between INEassacliusetts, with her seven tliousand eight hundred square miles, and North Carolina, with her filty thousand seven hundred and four square miles, and though possessed of nearly equal commer- cial and manufacturing capacities, the advantage, in every point of comparison, is so greatly in fivor of the former, that it becomes almost incredible. The contrast between Pennsylvania and South Carolina is even more striking. If we compare the entire body of the slave and free States we reach the same result. According to De Bow the entire wealth of the slave States, including the slaves, Avas in 1S50 $2,930,090,737 ; that of the free States was $4,102,172,108, which leaves a balance of $1,1GG, 08 1,371, in favor of the free States. The census of 18G0 gives to the the slave States a popu- lation all told of 12,240,000 ; to the free States a popula- tion of 19,203,008 ; leaving a balance in favor of the free States of 6,963,008. In making this comparison it should be borne in mind that the greater thrift of the North is due, not to natural advantages, but to superiority of social and industrial institutions. Such has been slavery in our own country, and yet it was arrogant, turbulent and factious from the beginning, and carried the manners and morals engendered by contin- ual contact with a crime against humanity, into the deliber- ative assembly and the social circle. It repudiated the_^rsi principles by which the fathers justified their appeal to arms against British oppression, and upon which they reared the o-rand and massive fabric of our liberties. Worse than this, it attempted to emaculato the constitution by false glosses, and to transform the Republic into a league of independent sovereignties, which the diplomacy of oppression might shatter at will. Failing in this, it essay- ■ ed to subvert the government by force, and to build a break-water that should arrest the progress of civilization. 27 The sons of honorable toil, ivbsorbed in the pursuits of peace, gathered reluctantly from their happy homes to the inevitable strife, but when marshalled for the deadly struggle, they presented to the world the spectacle of an army of thinking men. The very rank and file compre- hended the great principles at stake, and were inspired by the memories of the past, and the glorious visions of the future. •The "leagued oppression" fought with a bravery, which made the war the "bloodiest picture in the book of Time," but the Army and the Navy, to whom under God the people had committed the great interests of Labor and Liberty, animated, not with a spirit of conquest or of military glory, but with the patriotic sentiment of Jackson that "J'Ac Federal Utdon must he 2^'i'cserved,^^ and with tlie still loftier sentiment of Webster, that ^^ Union and Libert^/''' must hereni'ter he "One and InsejJ- ar'able," moved calmly, but with the irresistible tread of fate, over sea and plain, through the cold of winter and the heat of summer, amid the "pestilence that walketh in darkness, and the destruction that wastetli at noon-day," until at length they have re-established the authority of government on every acre of its wide domain, and have carried the Proclamation of Liberty to the sable children of toil, for whose perpetual bondage traitors added the crime of War to the black catalogue of their guilt. The triumph of arms has established the power, and enhanced the glory of the Republic. It has saved us from a disintegration of the Federal government, and a dis- graceful surrender of Constitutional liberty, but it has not settled the great tenderizing struggle between free and slave labor. It has only transferred it from the field of war to the field of diplomacy. This fellow citizens, is a question of pressing importance and not inferior in magnitude to others, which have been determined by the arbitrament of arms. Whatever is 28 done, in the bolialf of labor and fature security in this direction, must bo done now. It is surrounded with dif- ficulties, we admit, but it demands immediate aetion, and there should be a definite and decided expression of public opinion upon it. We may as well assume in tlie outset, what all History teaches, that any form of absolutism like Slavery, has the vitality and germanent power of devils- grass, and must be plucked up by the roots, if w» would not have it spring up again to trouble us. Restore the belligerent South to its old status in the Union, and with the aid of only one sixth of the Free State vote in Con- c:ress, it will control the legislation and the domestic and foreign policy of th6 government. Would it not find Iielp to assume the Southern debt, or under the burden of taxation to repudiate that, which has been accumulated in the prosecution of a war so destructive to their property and so humbling to their pride ? Is it not therefore a matter of the highest importance, that at least a portion of the Southern representation should be loyal to Liberty and to Labor ? Shall we leave Negro suffrage as an em- bittered theme for future political agitation, an " Eternal tempest never to be calmed? " But the negro is ignorant and degraded. Shall wo therefore leave the question for future adjustment? It may be best. But when do you expect South Carolina and Georgia to estabhsh schools for negro education ? When will they allow others to establish them if their assent is to be secured? How soon would emanci- pated slaves reach the lofty plain, where they may properly exercise the rights of freemen, if given over to the tender mercies of Southern 'legislation ? Will it be the next year or the next century ? How soon would the rights of property and equal privileges in court be conceded to chattels who have purchased liberty at the price of blood? Left to their old masters, they 29 . •ff'oiild sink to a condition, combining all the evils and none of the reb'efs of the system, from which they Lave escaped. Besides, fellow citizens, the opportunity of settling this question, once lost, to the government, is lost forever. It is only while we have the power of submitting conditions of return that we can reach it. — Freedmen are now citizens of the United States, and their rights and liberties must be protected by that government, which the}^ have helped to preserve by their blood. Both public faith and public justice require this. If suffrage is their surest and cheapest defence, as well as an incentive to social progress, it is both the duty and the right of the government to secure it to them. Any conditions, consis- tent with the claims of justice, may be imposed upon the defeated traitors, which the welfare of the freedmen and the future peace and security of the government may de- mand. This is common sense, universal history and clear- ly established law. It flows from the right of self-defence. Am I asked by what right the government can interfere with these matters, which are reserved to the States ? I answer by the right of luar, which authorizes the appoint- ment of provisional governors, which restricts the right of suffrage, and does other executive acts, and which will remain in force until the Rebel States enter upon their functions as States in the Union, on the conditions submitted to them as a conquered enemy. Of one thing I am sure, and that is, that whatever else is left undone, the slave power in this republic must he broJcen. Every principle of justice and humanity demands this. The long wail of an oppressed race cries it in our ears. The voices of sixty thousand, dead of hunger, and of three hundred thousand fallen in battle, demand it at our hands. Does not the army of surviving heroes hear the voice of the army of the dead? Shall not we, who have been couieerated by a baptism of blood, be true to the covenant of Liberty, which wo have made with both the living and the dead ? Are any staggered with scruples ? Remember there are political as well as military necessities which demand the conservatism of extreme measures. Jefferson found tkem in his day, and we must not expect to escape them. " But one thing I hope will be considered absolutely necessary," says John Stuart Mill, " to break altogether the power of the slave-holding caste. Unless this is done, the abolition of slavery will be merely nominal. If an aristocracy of ex-slaveholders remain masters of the State Legislatures, they will be able eftectually to nullify a great part of the result, which has been so dearly bought by the blood of the free States. They and their dependents must be effectually out-numbered at the polling places ; which can only be effected by the concession of full equality of political rights to negroes and by a large im- migration of settlers from the North." I do not say that every enfranchised negro should vote. His claims as a heroic soldier, who has fought in the Fed- eral army, cannot over-ride the claims of public safety. But I do say, that there should be no distinction of color, for the sake of humoring a prejudice, that has no founda- tion in principle. I do say that the principle of civil liberty, which declares all men politically equal and the principle of political economy, which requires that labor should be free and honorable, demands that all men should vote, when not clearly incompatible with the public wel- fare. The burden of proof is upon those who would withold the privilege in a Republic. I concede that a prudent statesmanship will, in a time like this, pursue a policy of conciliation. Nothing should be done in a spirit of revenge. A large generosity should be extended to the wants of the South, and cordiality exhibited in our mutual intercourse. There should be no taunts of defeat, 31 nor crlipinations for the past. For the sake of restoring confidence, I might even consent to forego, for a time, ti)e luxury of building monuments to the heroic dead, who sleep in southern battle-fields. I Avould extend to the mass of the people the advantages of trade, and kindly aid them in obliterating the ravages of war. But I would not lose the respect of mankind by surrendering j3ri?icij:^?es and throwing away the/ruits of victory, through a morbid desire to propitiate the leading traitors whom history will never pardon. A foreign foe may be made a friend, but a domestic traitor can never forget his crime. " Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end, Xot wedlock treachery endangering life." Let US remember that we are building on foundations laid by the fathers, and that our responsibilities are not circumsci'ibed by these troublous times. Unborn genera- tions as they rise will hold us responsible for the results of this mighty struggle. The teachings of a sound politi- , cal philosophy, and not the discordant dicta of a temporary policy, should guide our actions. It is not given to us to command results, but with the royal Psalmist we can say "In God is niy salvation and my glory; the rock of my strength, and my refuge is in God." Questions of social and civil polity may temporarily distract society, as perturbing influences are impressed upon planetary orbits, but they cannot permanently arrest or derange the Divine purposes in the life of nations, marching forward to their consumation in the great cycles of history. There is a 2^ri'mum mobile, ahovG these inner spheres, whose motion flows from the -Supreme Power, and whose irresistable force draws all inferior movements into its own mighty progress. ^ E P [continued.] The oration, which was about an hour in delivery, wari repeatedly interrupted by hearty applaiiao. The closing exercise was the singing of '''Old Hundred'^ by the children, assisted by the South Newmarket Band, the concourse uniting. It was a thrilling and an appro- -prlixtefmale to the Exercises of the Day. DINNER AT NEW HAMPSHIRE HOUSE The City Government, with their Invited Guests, Offi- cers of the Day, and others, sat down at 3 1-2 P. M. to a sumptuous dinner, which was a social and informal gath- ering, and much enjoyed by all present. TRIAL OF I'IRE ENGINES. The Committee of Arrangements generously appropri. ated $100 for the prizes to the worthy Fire Department of the City, viz : 1st prize, $50 ; 2d prize, $30 ; 3d prize, $20. As the Department is about being reorganized, preparatory to the introduction of Steam Fire Engines, this tribute of respect to the noble boys was truly a just one and well deserved. At 4 P. ]?.[., the trial took place on Franklin Square. — The Judges v;ere, viz : No. 2, Lieut. J. T. S. Libbey; No. 3, C. H. Horton; No. 4, C. W. Wiggin; No. 5, C. W. Thurston ; Referee, Cyrus E. Hayes. The wind was very strong from the West, and thereby preventing a satisfactory result, causing calculations to " gang aglee." The consequence of this and other unfo- vorable circumstances was that the Judges were unable to make a report. Either a review of the playing will be had or else a new trial. If the lattsr, we hope it will be- ou a still day and tlie result will be universally satisfactory. The whole Department bear the respect of the community, who cannot forget their past worthy services. HORSE TROT AT GRANITE STATE PARK. At the above park, some two miles north of the city, a grand trot came off between Lady Brooks of Elliot, Me., and Kennebec Boy of Portland, Me., for a Purse of $500, best 3 in 5 to harness. The horses are new to ^he track, . not having been considered track stock. The Lady is 8 years old and the Boy 7 years. The race was viz : 1st Heat. Lady B. drew the pole and kept ahead, K, Boy gaining and then falling back but at length coming up finely, making an exciting heat ; the home stretch be- ing a handsome display of trotting. Lady B. won the beat by about a length. Time 2.5 L 2d Heat. After a while a fair start was had, the Lady however not taking lead as before, the K. Boy conse- quently took from her the pole which he kept for a while, but on the home stretch, which was a spanking trot, the Lady came in a little ahead. Time 2.49. 3d Heat. Lady B., though this time closely pressed by K. Boy at the half mile pole, soon leaped ahead. The Boy however showed some fine trotting and again pressed the Lady, but the latter held her own and came in a length or two ahead. Time 2.49, winning the race in three straight heats. - Summary. — Purse $500. Best 3 in 5 to harness. John Wiggin ns. br. m. Lady Brooks of P]lliot, Mc. Ill H. Richardson ns. br. s. Kennebec Boy of Portland, Me. ^ 2 2 2 Time. 2.51—2.59—2.49. A large crowd was in attendance and the best of feel- ing existed. Both horses are good trotters and will 3'et make their mark on the track. The Judges were — Sam- uel Langlev, Boston: James F. Chase, Dover ; William A. Worster, Great Falls. D [• FIREWOHKS ON FKAXKLIN SQUACL'. The closing- affair of the daj was a grand display of fire- works on Franklin Square, from the Laboratory of C. E. MarsterSj RoxLury, Ma«s ; S. W. Creech, Boston, Agent. It was a very tasty display, in charge of Joseph E. Kim- ball, Esq. From sunset till dark, at intervals, Rockets, with the various garnitures of colored stars and golden rain, were fired ; succeeded by an illumination of Bengola Lights. — The following select pieces were then given, forming an imposing sequel : ■ 1. Chaplet of Flora. 2. Aurora. 3. Yew Tree. 4. Scroll Wheel. 5. Peruvian Cross. 6. Revolving Globe. 7. Finale : this was a tribute to th.e memory of the lament- ed late President of our country. It was composed of letters in lance fire, forming the word " LINCOLN," en- circling the name in a beautiful wreath of laurel in emerald fire, surmounting it with two American Flags, in the ap- propriate colors of red, white and blue. During the exhibition there were fired between each juece Rockets with silver, crimson, gold, emerald and blue stars ; gold rain and serpents ; Flower Vases, that filled the air with clusters of colored lights; Illuminations of brilliant Bengola Lights and crimson fires ; Mines of Serpents ; Torbillions of Silver and colors ; and Aerial Shells, which with a report ascended to an immense height and then bursting, discharged clusters of agate, blue, crimson, green and gold stars, gold rain and flights of amber streamers. DECORATIONS. The City was very generally decorated, and the citizens carried with them some emblem of nationality, even a miniature flag or streamer — the ladies especially being ])atriotically adorned. The reaidences of our leading citizens were decorated with a}ipropriato designs, flags, '! reamers . S^i-. Amon^' them, we noticed those of .M;iv