4t HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY OHIO. CiHitdining a Ifhlnry of the fitafe of Ohio, from ilx enrliext settlement to the present time, emlirncing its loponrapliy, oeological, pliiisirnl and r/imitir features; its agricultural, stock-growing, rail- road interests, etc. ; a Hisforii of lAtgan County, giving an account of its aborigi- nal inhahitant.1, early settlement by the whites, pioneer incidents, its groicth, its improvements, organisation of the county, its judicial and political history, its business and industries, church- es, schools, etc. ; Biographical Sketches ; I'ortraits of some of the Earhj Settlers and Prom- inent Men, etc. ILLUSTRATED. CHICAGO: O. L. BASKIN & CO., HISTORICAL PUBLISHERS, 1 86 Dearborn Street. 1880. •*»■■ 7^. 'K 4 " — ^ ^ 3^' PREFACE, |HE WORK that has ensr.igo(l our historians, W. H. Penin and J. II. Battle, for the pist three m )nths, is now clo.^ed. On tiiesi; |)a^es thi^y have traced the tedious journey of the pioneer from homes of comfort and refinement to the untouched wilds of the West ; they have noted the rising cabin, the clearing of the forests, the pri- vations of the early settlements, the heroic forlitude witli which the pioneer surmounted these obstacles, and the patient toil that has " made the wilderness to blossom like the rose;" they have marked the coming of the school-master, and that greater teacher — the preacher — the rise of the schooliio\ise and church, and their influence in moldino- society. This work we have undertaken, in the belief that there is a proper demand that the events which lelate to the early times should find a permanent record, and with what fidelity to facts, and with what patience of research this has been accomplished, we shall leave to tlie judginent of our patrons, in whose keeping the trailitions of that day remain, and for whom the work was undertaken. Advantage has been taken of such liislorical works as were found; but the chief resource for information has been the traditions wllicli have been handed down from one generation to another. These have generally been verified from other sources; but in some not essential particulars, our vvriters have been obliged to depend u])On tradit'on alone, and may thus have sanctioned some errors. These, we trust, will bt; found of trifling importance; and we ground our hope of the favorable judgment of the public upon the essential correctness and completeness of this volume as a history of Logan County. We desire, also, to thank the citizens everywlieio in the county, who have so cordially aided our writers in gathering the materials for this volume, and to acknowl- edge our special indebtedness to the gentlemen who have been associated with the various parts of the work; to lion. .Tajiks WAr.KKi:, of JJellcfontaiiio; Dr. T. 1,. M'niiiiiT, of Bcllefontaine; J. II. Sk Gueveuell, of Jett'ersun; and otliLMS whose names api)ear in the body of this work. October, 1880. l'i;iJL;....'a{.'5. W ?J= -'I — ^pT" ^ s CONTENTS. PART I. HISTOKY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. PAOE. rilAPTER I. — iNTRonucTOR Y, Topography, Geology, Primitive Races, Antiquities, Indian Tribes H CHAPTER II.— Explorations in the West. 19 CHAPTER ni.— English Explorations, Traders. French and Indian War in the West, i^ngli-sh Possession :!7 CHAPThR IV.— P0NTiA<'s CoNSPiiiACV. Its Failure. Bou- quet's Expedition. Occupation by the English.. 48 CH.\PTER v.— American Exploration, Duinnoie's War, ranii)aigu of George Rogers Clarke. Land Troubles, Spain in the Rovolution, Murder of the Moravian In- rliaiis -^2 CHAPTER VI.— American Occupation, Indian Claims, Early Land Companies. Compact of 17^7. Organization 01 the Territory, Early American Settlements in the Ohio Valley, First Territorial Ofl&cers, Organization of Counties 60 CH.WTER VII.— Indian War of 179.1. Ilarmar's Cam- paign. St. Clair's Campaign, Wayne's Campaign. Close of the War 73 CHAPTER VIII —Jay's Treaty, The Question of State Rights and Xational Supremacy, E.Ktcnsion of Ohio Settlements, Land Claims, .Spanish Boundary Ques- tion 79 CH.\PTER IX.— First Territorial Representatives in Congress, Division of the Territory. Formation of States. Marietta Settlement, other Settlements, settle- ments in the Western Reserve.Settlemcnt of the Cen- tral Valleys, Further Settlements in the Reserve and elsewhere 85 CHAPTER X.— Formation of the State Government. Ohio a State, the State Capital^ lA-gislation, the " Sweeping" Resolutions 121 CHAPTER XL— The Wap. of 1R12, Growth of the State, Canal, Railroads and other Improvements, Develop- ment of State Resources 1*27 CHAPTER XII.— Mexican War. Continued Growth of the State. War of the Rebellion, Ohio's Part in the Conflict 132 CHAPTER XIII.— Ohio in the Centennial, Address of Edward D. Mansfield, LL. D., Philadelphia. .August 9, 1876 138 CHAPTER XIV — EnrcATioN. Early School Laws, Notes, Institutions and Educational Journals, School System, School Funds, Colleges and Universities 148 paoe. CHAPTER XV.— Agrici'LTLire, Area of the State, Early Agriculture in the West, Markets, Live Stock, Nur- series, Fruits, Etc.: ('ercals, Root and (Jucurbitaeeous Crops. Agricultural implements. Agricultural Socie- ties. }*omological and Horticultural Societies \'A CHAPTER XVI.— Climatology, Outline. Variation in Ohio, Fitimate in Degrees, Amount of Variability 10;; PART II. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. CHAPTER I.— INTRODVCTORY, Topograi>hy, Geological Stirvey, Early Beginnings and Growth of the Agri- cultural .System, Physical and Material Resources of the County 16.'> ■ CHAPTER II.— Prehistoric Races. The Jfound Builders. Indian Tribes. Early Wars with the Whites. Lewis- town Reservation, Prominent Characters during the Indian Domination IS.'i CHAPTER III.— The Miami and Mad River Valleys, Incentives to Immigration. The Course of Empire, Set- tlements within the Limits of Logan County. Organi- zation of Civil Divisions. Institution of (^Jitverinnental Functions, Public Buildings, Political 223 CHAPTER IV.— The MEDICAL PBOFES.SION, the Legal Profession 251 CHAPTER v.— Religious History. Pioneer Preachers, Schools, Statistics, The Newspapers, their Advantages, Railroads 273 CHART I- R VI.— War History, The Early Conflicts, Mexican War. The Late Rebellion, Sketches of the Different Regiments -291 CHAPTER VII.— Lake Township, Descriptive, Its Organi- zation, Settlement, Pioneer Industries, Early Priva- tions. Schools, etc 321 CHAPTER VIII.— Bellefontaine, Beginnings of the Village, Advance of Civilization. Business Prosperity. Growth of Internal Improvements, Schools, Benevo- lent Societies, Churches ....vrj 338 CHAPTER IX.— Miami Township, Organization, Terri- torial Changes, Pioneer Civilization, Prominent Char- acters of the Early Community. Churches and Schools. 357 CHAPTER X. — McAethur Township, Introduction, Settlement, Villages, Churches, Geneva College 378 CHAPTER XL — Jefferson Township. Topography, Organization as a Civil Division of the County, Promi- nent Citizens, Churches and Schools 389 t f PACK. CIIAPTKR XII.— ItKHi.AND Township, Genernl Chni- ai'teristirs. Settk-mciil, Villages, Churches, Casualties 43-' f'llAI'TKK XIII.— Rush Ckkek Township, BoundaiK'S and Topography, The Cominj; of the Whites, Churches rioneur Preachers, Schools, etc -H4 CIIAPTKR XIV.— Pleasant Township, The Early Settle- ment, Social Life in the Backwoods, Industries, Ke- ligioiLS, etc 456 CHAPTER XV. — Zane Township, Early Settlement. Life in the AVoods, Pioneer Industries. Growth of Society, Churches and Schools 464 CHAPTER XVI.— Harrison Township, Indians, Settle- ment, Pioneer Schools. Churches, etc 48.*) CHAPTER XVII.— Monroe Township, Descriptive and Topopraijhical. Pioneer History, Early Industries, Schools, Churches, Villages, etc 4yi CHAPTER XVIIl— Bloomfield Township, Incidents. Settlement, Pioneer Hardships, Churches, etc.. the Lost Child .501 (JIIAPTER XlX.-BoKEs' Crkek Town.ship, Descriptive, the Whites. Schools and Churches. Villages, etc iiOC CHAFFER XX.— Union Township, Physical Features, Early Settlement. Incidents of Prominent Pioneers, Churches and Sch'x>ls 519 CHAPTER XXL— Washington Township, Introduction, the LewUtown Reservation, Settlement, Schools, Churches, etc 527 CHAPTER XXII — Pekkv Township. Topography and Description, Settlement, Early Improvements, Re- ligious. Educational, Towns, etc 535 CHAPTER XXIIl.— STOKES Township, The Lewislown Reservoir, Pioneer Settlement, the Wanvick Colony, etc MS CIIAI^ER XXTV. — LinERTV Town.ship, Topoprraphy. Pioneer Schools and Preachers. Geological. West Liherly 54S PART III. BIOGRAPIIir.VL .SKETniES. PAGE. Biographies Too Late for Alphabetical Insertion .'iS^ Bloonilield Townsliii 72a Bokes Creek T(n\nshii> 6511 Harrison Township 619 Jefferson Township 739 Lake Township 587 Litterty Township 704 Me Arthur Township 816 Miami Township 773 Monroe Township 666 Perry Township 64.5 Pleasant Township 835 Richland Township 797 Rush Creek Township 6S2 Stokes Township 627 L'nion Township "86 Washington Township 'i^' Zane Township .■ f'.Hi ILLUSTR.^TIONS. PdRTRAlTS. •Boggs. William ^•'l •Easton. .Inlin **** -Easton, Charlotte ^ ^Folsom. Ccoi-ge 225 -Iloge..!. H *^^' •Inskeep, .lohn ,. 279 VIEWS. 'Logan County Court House 171 ^- '-it. HISTORY OF OHIO. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER I. -TOPOGRAPHY -GEOLOGY —PRIMITIVE-RACE? • TRIBE8. -ANTIQUITIES -INDIAN THE present State of Ohio, comprisintr an i extent of country 210 miles north and soutli, 220 miles east and west, in length and lireadth — 25,57(i,n(59 acres — is a part of the Old Northwest Territory. Tliis Territory- emliraced all of the present States of Ohio, Indiana. Illinois, .Miehigan, Wisconsin and so much of Minnesota as lies ea.st of the Mis.sissip])i Kiver. It became a oorponite existence soon after the formation of the Virginia Colony, and when that colony took on the "dignity of State government it became a county thereof, who.se exact outline was unknown. The county embraced in it.s iimit.s more territorj- than is com- prisinl in all the New England and Middle States, and wa.s the largest county ever known in the I'nitcd States. It is watered by the finest system of rivers on the globe; while its inland .seas are without a parallel. It.s entire southern boundary is traversed by the beautiful Ohio, its western by the majestic JIi.s.sissippi, and its northern and a part of it.s eastern are bounded by the fresh-water lakes, whose clear waters preserve an even temper- ature over it.s eiitin! suffice. Into these reservoirs of commerce flow innumerable streani.s of limpid water, which come from glen and dale, from mountjiin and valley, from forest and prairie — all avenues of ln>alth( commerce and prosjjerity. ( Hiio is in the best part of this ten-itory — south of its river are tro|iical heats; north of Lake Erie are polar snows and a polar climate. The tenitory comprised in Ohio has always re- mained the same. Ohio's hi.story ditfers somewhat li-nm other State's, in that it was never under Ter- ritorial government. When it was created, it was made a State, and did not pass through the stage incident to the most of other States, /. c, exist as a Territory before being advanced to the powers of a State. Such was not the case with the other States of the West ; all were Territories, with Terri- torial Ibmis of government, ere they became States. Ohio's boundaries are, on the mulli. Lakes Erie and Michigan ; on the west, Indiana ; on the south, the Ohio River, separ.itiug it from Kentucky; and, on the east, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. It is situated between 38° 25' and 42° north latitude ; and 80° 30' and 84° 50' west longitude from Greenwich, or 3° 30' and 7° 50' west from W;>shiugton. Its greatest length, from north to south, is 210 miles; the extreme width, from east to west, 220 miles. Were this an exact out- line, the area of the State would be 4(),200 sipiare miles, or 21l,5(i8.000 acres ; as the outlines of the State are, liowever, rather irregular, the area is estimated at 3!),!tG4 sipiare miles, or 25,570,!'f)0 acres. In the last censu.s — 1870 — the total inim- ber of acres in Ohio is given as 21,712,420, of which 1 4,4(10, 132 acres are improved, anit corner, where the elevation i.s l,liil(( feet. Xoi-th of tlii.s riil^ie the .surface is generally level, with a p'ntle inclination toward the lake, the ine- i|Ualitie.s of the surface being caused by the streams which empty into the lake. The central ]iart of Ohio is almost, in jieueral, a level jilain, about one thousand ieet above the level of the sea, slijihtly inclining snutliward. The Southern jiart of the State is ratlu'r hilly, the valley.s firowing deeper as they incline toward the great valley of the Ohio, which is .several hundred feet below the general level of the State. In the southern etumties, the surface is generally diversified by the ine(|ualities produced by the excavating power of the Ohio River and its tributaries, exerci.sed through long- periods of time. There are a few ])rairii'S. or plains, in the centnd and northwestern ]iarts of the State, but over its greater portion originally existed im- mense growths of timber. The " divide," or water-shed, referred to, between the waters of Lake Krie and the Oliio River, is le.ss elevated in Ohio than in New York and Penn- sylvania, though the dift'erence is small. To a per- son jia-ssing over the State in a balloon, its surface presents an unvarying plain, while, to one sailing down the Ohio River, it appears mountainous. On this river are bhitFs ranging from two hundred and fifty to six hundred feet in height. As one iisceiids the tributaries of the river, these bluffs diminish in height until they become gentle undu- lations, while toward the sources of the streams, in the central part of the State, the banks often become low and marshy. The jirineipal rivers are the Ohio, Muskingum, Seiotci and Miami, on the snutberii slope, emptying into the Ohio; on the luirthern, the Maumee, Sandusky, Huron and ("uyalmga. emptying into Ijake I'Irie, and, all but tlie first named, entirely' in Olii.i. The Ohio, the (rliief river of the State, and from whii-h it deprives its name, with its lribularies,Mrains a country whoso area is over two linndred tliou.saiid .square miles in extent, and extending fmni the water-shed to Alabama. The river was first dis- <-overed by l^a Salle in llillll, and was by him liav- ig;iterl as tiir as the l''alls, at linuisville. Ky. It is Ibrmed by the juni-tion of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, in Pennsylvania, who.se waters unite at Pittsburgh. The entire length of the river, from its source to its mouth, is fISO miles, though l)y a straight line from Pittsburgh to Cairo, it is only (115 miles. Its current is very gentle, hardly three miles p(T hour, the descent being only five inches j)er mile. At high stages, the rate of the current increases, and at low stages decreases. Sometimes it is barely two miles per hour. The average range ln'tween high and low water mark is fiftj' feet, although several times the river has ri.sen more than sixty feet above low watt^r mark. At the lowest stage of the river, it is fi>rdal)le many places between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. The river abounds in islands, some of which are exceed- ingly fertile, and noted in the history of the West. Others, known as "tow-heads," are simply deposits of .saTid. *► ■ The Scioto is one of the largest inland streams in the State, and is one of the most beautiful riv- ers. It rises in Hardin County, flows southeast- erly to Columbus, where it receives its largest affluent, the Olentangy wr Whetstone, after which its diieelion is .southerly until it enters the Ohio at Portsmouth. It flows through one of the rich- est valleys in the State, and has for its coin])an- ion the Ohio and Erie Canal, fiir a distance of ninety miles. It,s tributaries are. besides the Whet- stone, the Darby, Walnut and Paint Creeks. The Muskingum River is formed by the junc- tion of the Tuscarawas and W'aldhoniug Rivers, which rise in the imrthern part of the State and unite at Coshocton. From the junction, the river flows in a .soufhea.stern cour.se about one hundred miles, through a rich and po|iulous valley, to the Ohio, at Marietta, the oldest settleuu'iit in the State. At its outlet, the Muskiugiuu is over two hundred yards wide. Hy im]]rovement,s, it has been made navigable ninety-five miles above jMari- etta, as fiir as Dresden, where a siile cut, three miles long, unites its waters with those of the Ohio Canal. All along this streiun exist, in a1>undant jirofu.sioii, (he remains of an ancient civiliza- tion, whose history is lo.st in the twilight of aiitii|- uity. Kxteiisivo mounds, earthworks and various foitilications, are eviiywliere to be found, inelosiiig a mule history as .silent as the race that dwelt here and led these traces of their evi.stene<'. The sanie may be said of all the other valleys in Ohio. The Miami River — the .scenes of many exploits in |iii>neer day.s — rises in Ilainlin Countv, iii'ar the hi'adwalei's of the Scioto, and runs southweslerly, to lh(! Ohio, pa.ssing Troy, Dayton and llaniilloii. It is a beautii'ul and ra)iid stream, flowing through HISTORY OF OHIO. 13 a highly productive :md populous valley, in which limestone and hard timber are abundant. Its total length is about one hundred and fitty miles. The Rlauuiee is the largest riv<'r in tiie uorthem part of Ohio. It rises in Indiana and flows north- ea.sterly, int« Lake Erie. About eighty miles of its c(mrse are in Ohio. It is navigable a.; lar as Perrysburg, eighteen miles from its mouth. The other rivers north of the divide are all small, rapid-ruiming streams, affording a large amount of good water-power, much utilized by mills and mau- ufactories. A remarkable feature of the topography of Ohio is its almost total absence of natural lakes or ponds. A few very small ones are found near the water-shed, but all too small to bo of any jinietieal value save as watering-places for stock. Lake Erie, which forms nearly :dl the northern boundary of the State, Ls ne.\t to the last or lowest of America's " inland seas." It is 290 miles long, and 57 miles wide at its greatest part. There are no islands, excc|)t in the shallow water at the west end, and very few bays. 1"he greatest depth of the lake is off Long Point, where the water is 312 feet deep. The shores are jirincipally drift-clay or hard-pan, upon which the w-avcs are continually encroaching. At Cleveland, fi-om the first sur- vey, in 1796, to 1842, the encroachment was 218 feet along the entire city front. The entire coa.st is low, seldom rLsiiig above fifty feet at the water's edge. Lake Erie, like the others, has a variable sur- face, rising and falling with the se.i.^ons, like great rivers, called the '' annual fluctuation,'' ami a gen- eral one, embracing a series of years, due to mete- orological caases, known as the " secular fluctua- tion." Its lowest known level was in February, 1819, rising more or less each year, until June, 1838, in the extreme, to six feet eight inches. Lake Erie has several excellent harbors in (5liio, among which are Cleveland, Toledo, Sandusky, Port Clinton and Ashtabula. Valuable improve- ments have been made in some of the.se, at the expense of the General Government. 'In 1818, the first steamboat was launched on the lake. Owing to the Falls of Niagara, it could go no farther east than the outlet of Niagara River. Since then, however, the opening of the Welland Canal, in Canada, allows vessels drawing not more than ten feet of water to pass from one lake to the other, greatly facilitating navigation. As early as 183(;, Dr. S. P. Ilildreth, Dr. John Locke, Prof. J. H. Riddle andlMr. I. A. Laphaui, were appointed a committee by the Legislature of Ohio to report the "best method of obtaining a complete geological survey of the State, and an estimate of the probable cost of the simie." In the preparation of their report. Dr. Ilildreth examined the coal-iyeasures in the southeastern part of the State, Prof. Riddle and 31r. Lapliam made exam- inations in the western and northern counties, while Dr. Locke devoted his attention to chemical analyses. These investigations resulted in the presentati(m of much valuable information con- cerning the mineral resources of the State and in a plan for a geological .survey. In acconlanie with the recommendation of this Committee, the liCgislature, in 183", jiassed a bill ap]ir(H( fbr the prosecution of the work during the ni'xt year. The (ieological Corps appointed consisted of W. W. Mather. State (Jeoloi;ist. with Dr. Hildreth, Dr. Locke, Prof J. P. Kirtland, J. W. Fo.sUt, Charles AVIiittlesey and Charles Rviggs. Jr., As.si.stants. The results of the first y*ar's work a|i]ieared in 1838, in an octavo volume of 134 pages, with ccmtributions fi-om Mather, Ilildreth, Briggs, Kirtland and Whittlesey. In 1838. the Legislature ordered the continuance of the work, and, at the close of the year, a second report, of^ 28(5 pages, octavo, was issued, containing cfjutribu- tions from all the mendiers of the survey. Succeeding liCgi.slatures failed to provide for a continuance of the work, and, save that done by private m(>ans, nothing was accomplished till 18()9, when the Legislature again took up the Work. In the interim, individual enterprise bad done much. In 1841, Prof Janu-s Hall pa.'^sed througli the State, and, by his indentificatiou of several of the formations with those of New York, for the flr-st time fixed their geological age. The nest year, he is.sued the first map of the geology of the State, in common with the geological maps of all the region between the Alleghanies and the Mi.ssi.ssip]ii. Similar maps were published by Sir Charles Lvell, in 1845; Prof. Edward Hitchcock. in 1853, aud by J. Mareon, in 1850. The fii-st individual map of tlie geology of Ohio was a very small one, ]mblished by Col. Whittlesey, in 1848, in Howe's History. In 185(5, he published a larger map, and, in 18(55, another was issued by Prof Nelson Sayler. In 18(57, Dr. J. S. Newberry ]iubli.shcd a geological map and .sketch of C)hio in the Atlas of the State issued by H. S. Stebbins. Up to this time, the geological knowledge was very general in its character, and, consecjuently, errone- ous in many of its details. Other States had been ;^ 14 HISTORY OF OHIO. uciurately surveyed, yet Ohio remained a kind of tirnt incoffiiitd, of T\'hich the fjeology was loss known than any part of the Rurroiindin.tr area. In 18(UI, the Legislature a))]iro]iriated, for a now survey, $13,900 for its su]i])ort during one yi'ar, and a]]]iointod Dr. Newberry Chief Geolojiist ; K. B. Andrews, Edward Ortoii and J. H. Klijijilart were appointed A.s.sistants, and T. G. \Vorniley. Chemist. Tiie result of the first year's work Wixs a volume of 104: pages, octavo, published in 18-0. This report, aeeom]ianied by maps and charts, for the first time accurately defined the f;eolo<;ical formations a.s to age and area. Evidence was given which set at rest ((uestions of nearly thirty years' standing, and established the fact that Ohio in- cludes nearly double the nundaer of formations be- fore supposed to e.xist. Since that date, the sur- veys have been regularly made. Each comity is being surveyed by itself, and its formation ac- cuftitely determined. Elsewhere in the.si' pages, these results are given, and t4i them the reader is referred for the sjiecific geology of the county. Only general results can be noted here. ()n the general geological map of the State, arc^ two sections of the State, taken at each northern and southern extremity. These show, with the uia]i. the general outline of the geological features of Ohio, and an; all that can be given here. Both sections show the general arrangements of the formation, and ])rove that they lie in shoots resting one upon another, iiut not horizontally, as a great arch traver.ses the State from Cincinnati to the lake .shore, between Toledo aTid Sandu.sk^y. Along this line, which extends southward to Nasiiville, Tenn., all the rocks are raised in a ridge or fold, once a low mountain chain. In the hqi.se of ages, it has, however, been extensively worn away, and now, along a large ]iart of its course, the strata which once arched over it are re- moved from its summit, and are found resting in regidar order on either side, State, is still nnlirokcu, and stretches from side to side ; while the Oriskany, the Coriiili'rous, the Hamilton and llic! Huron formations, though generally rt^ moved from the crown of the arch, still remain over a liuiitvd area near Bellefontaine, wliere they form an island, which proves the former continuity of the strata which conipo.se it. ( )n the east side of the groat anticlinal axis, the rocks dip down into a basin, which, for several hundred miles north and .south, occuiiies the inter- val between the Na.shvillo and Cincinnati ridge and the first iiild of the Alleghany Mountains. In this basin, all the strata form trough-like lajcrs, their edges outcropjiing eastward on the flanks of the Alleghanies, and westward along the anti- clinal axis. As they dip from this margin east- ward toward the center of the trough, near its ndddle, on the ea,stern border ()f the State, the older rocks are deeply buried, and the surface is here underlaid by the highest and most recent of our rock fiirmations, the coal measures. In the northwestern corner of the State, the strata dip northwest from the anticlinal and pass under the Michigan coal basin, ]irecisely as the same forma- tions east of the anticlinal di]p beneath the Alle- ghany coal-fi(;ld, (jf which ( )liio's coal area forms a part. The rocks underlying the State all belong to thre4; of the great grou])S which geologists have termed " systems," namely, the Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous. Each of these are again .sub- divided, for convenience, and nund)ered. Thus the Silurian system includes the Cincinnati group, the Medina and Clinton groups, the Niagara grou]\ and the Salina and Water-Lino groups. The Devonian system includes the Ori.skany .sand- stone, the Carboniferous limestone, the Hamilton group, the Huron shale and the Erie shales. The Carbonilerous sy.stem includes the Waverly grouj), the Carboniferous Conglomerate, the Coal Meas- ures and the Drif^. This last includes the surflice. and has boon divided into .six ]iarts, luimbering from the lowest, viz.: A glacialed surface, the (ila- cial Drill, the Erie Clay.-', the Forest Bed. the lee- bei1>; Drift and the Terraces or Beaches, which mark intervals of stability in the gradual recession of the water surface to its present level. 'The history we may learn from the.si' forma- tion.s," says the geologist, ''is sometliini; as fol- lows: . "First. Subsefpient to the Tertiary was a period of continual elevation, during which the topog- rajihy of the country was much the same as now, the draining streams fbllnwing the lines they now do, but cutting down their beils until they flowed sometimes two hundred feet lower than they ord made the heavens and the earth, and rested the seventh day," records the Scriptures, and, when all was done. He looked uiiou tlie work of His own hands and pronounced it "good." Surely none but a divine, omnipotent hand could have done all this, and none can study the "work of His hands" and not marvel at its completeness. The ancient dwellers of the Mississippi Valley will alwaj's be a subject of great interest to the antiquarian. Who they were, and whence they came, are still unanswered fjuestions, and may remain so for ages. Ail over this valley, and, in fact, in all parts of the New World, evidences of an ancient civilization exist, whose remains are now a wonder to all. The aboriginal races could throw no light on these questions. They had always seen the remains, and knew not whence they came. Explorations aid but little in thesolu- tinn of the problem, and only conjecture can be entertained. The remains found in Ohio equal any in the Valley. Indeed, some of them are vast in extent, and consist of forts, fortifications, moats, ditches, elevations and mounds, embracing many acres in extent. "It is not yet determined," says Col. Charles Whittlesey, "whether we have dLseovered the first or the original people who oceujiied the soil of Ohio. Jlodern investigations are bringing to light evidences of earlier races. Since the presence of man has been established in Plurope as a coteinpor- ary of the fossil elephant, mastodon, rhinoceros and the horse, of the later drifl or glacial period, we may reasonably anticipate the presence of man in America in that era. Such proofs are already known, but they are not of that conclusive charac- ter which amounts to a demonstration. It is, how- ever, known that an ancient people inhabited Ohio in advance of the red men who were found here, three centuries since, by the Spanish and French explorers. " Five and six hundred years before the anival of Columbus." .says Col. Charles Whittlesey, "the Northmen .sailed from Ntirway. Iceland and Green- land along the Atlantic coast as far as Long Island. They found Indian tribes, in what is now New En- gland, closely resembling tho.se who lived ujion the coiLst and the St. Lawrence when the French and English came to po.ssess these regions. " These red Indians had no traditions of a prior people; but over a large part of the lake country and the valk>y of the Jlississi]i])i, earth-works, mounds, pyramids, ditches and forts were discov- ered — the work of a more ancient race, and a peo- ple far in advance of the Indian. If they were not civilized, they were not barbarians. They were not mere huntei-s, but had fixed haliitatinns, cultivated the soil and were possessed of consider- able mechanical skill. We know them as the Mound- Buildirs, because they erected over the mortal remains of their principal men and women memorial mounds of earth or unhewn stone — of which hundreds remain to our own day, so large and high that they give rise to an impression of the numbers and energy of their builders, such as we receive from the pyramids of Egypt." Might they not have been of the same race and the same civilization ? Many conqjetent authori- ties conjecture they are the work of the lost tribes of Israel ; but the best they or any one can do is only conjeetuni. " In the burial-mounds," continues Col. Whit- tlesey, " there are always portions of one or more human skeletons, generally partly consumed by fire, with ornaments of stone, bone, shells, mica and copper. The largest mound in Ohio is near Miami.sburg, Montgomery County. It is the second largest in the West, being nearly seventy feet high, original!}', and about eight hundred feet in circumference. This would give a superficial area of nearly four acres. In LSG-t, the citizens of Miamisburg siink a shaft from the summit to the natural surface, without finding the bones ;^ 16 HISTORY OF OHIO. (ir a.slu'S of tlio gTcat uiau (iir wliiuii it was iiitcndcd. Tlio exploration lias cousiderably lowered the mound, it being now about sixty feet in lieiglit. '' Fort Ancient, on the Little Miami, is a good s|iecinien of the military defenses of the Mound- IJuilders. It is well lies, or, as the orthograjihy of the word is '>" HISTORY OF OHIO. 17 !ening the way, there wa.s no lack of men ready for the wink Through them, the motive power in opening the wilds cil the Northwest was ri^ligion. "Ileligious enthusiasm,' says 15ancrol\, '-colonized New Eng- land, and religiiius enthusiasm tbundeil Montreal, made a ciini|Ui'.st of the wildirness about the upper lakes, and explon'd the .Mi.ssi.ssi|>]ii, " Through these priests — increased in a few years to fifteen — a way wa-s made acro.ss the West from Quebec, above the regions of tlu; lakes, below which they dared not go lor the relentless Mohawks. To the nortliwest of Toronto, near the Ivake Iro- quoi.s, a bay of Lake Huron, in Sept<'mber, 1();{4, they raised the first liumble hou.se of the Society of Jesus among the llurons. Through them they learned of the great lakes beyond, and resolve become an- nexed to the Frenchman, of whom they have heard. The re((uest is at once granted. Two missionary's, (Jabriel Dreuillettes and Leonard (iareau, were .selected as envoys, but on their way the fleet, pnipelled by tawny rowers, is met by a wandering band of Mohawks and by them is di.s- jK'r.si'd. Not daunted, others st*iod ready to go. The lot fell to Rene Mesnard. He is charged to visit the wilderness, select a suitable jilace for a dwelling, and found a mission. With only a.short warning he is ready, "trusting," he say.s, "in the I'rovidence which feeds the little bird.s of the desert and clothes the wild flowers of the forest." In October, ItJGO, he reached a bay, which he called St. Theresa, on the south shore of Lake Superior. AIKt a residence of eight months, he yielded to the invitation of the Ilumns who had taken refuge on the Island of St. Michael, and biilding adieu to his neophytes and the French, he departed. While on the way to the Bay of Clie- goi-me-gon, prcibably at a portage, he became .separate(l from his cuinpaniou and was never aOer- ward heard of Long after, his cas.sock and liis breviary were kejit :ls amulets among the Sioux. Dilliculties now arose in the nianageuient of the colony, and for awhile it was on the verge of dis- solution. The King sent a regiment under com- mand of the aged Tracy, as a stileguard against the Iroquois, now proving themselves enemies to • Mr. C. W. Biittorflolrl, author of Cratrford'n CamjKtitjn, and Rood atlthorily. ku.vm: "John Nicholct. a Frcnclinian, h-fl l^nphi'C anil Thrcf Itivem in tho ttummor nl 1C;;-1. and visjteil tlip llurons on Oeornian Buy, i\w CliipiM-WH» al the Sanit Stt'. Marie, and On' Win- n(d>aK(H>it In WlBconsIn, rpturnin^ to Quebec in the Hummer of lfi;i5>, TlilM wiui the flriit white mun t gone to their dwellings t(3 see with my own eyes all the goolorc it, to visit the tribes on its banks and preach to them thetrospel and secure their trade, became the aim of Mari|uette, who originated the idea of its discovery. AVhile engaged at the mission at the Sault, he r&solved to attempt it in the autumn of 1()(!!). Delay, however, intei'vened — for Allouez had exchanged the mission at Che-goi-me-gon for one at (ireen Bay, whither Mar(|uette was sent. While here he employed a young Illinois Indian to teach him the language of that nation, and there- by jirepare himself lijr the cntcriirise. Continued commerce with the Western Indians gave protection and confirmed their attachment. Talon, the intendant of the colony of New France, to further s])read its power and to learn more of the (jountry and its inhabitants, convened a congress of the Indians at the Falls of St. JIary. to which ho sent St. Lusson on hisbelialf. Nicholas Perrot sent invitations in every ilirection for more than a hundred leagues round about, and fourteen nations, among them Sacs, Koxes and Miamis, agreed to be present by their embassadors. The congTcss met on the fourth day of June, 1671. St. Lus.son, through Allouez, his interpre- ter, announced to the assembled natives that they, and through them their nations, were placed under the protection of the French King, and to him were their furs and peltries to be traded. A cross of cedar was raised, and amidst the groves of ma- ple and of pine, of elm and hemlock that are so -strangely intermingled on the banks of the St. Mary, tlie whole company of the French, bowing before the emblem of man's redemption, chanted to its glory a hymn of the seventh century : "The banners of heaven's King advance; The mysteries of the Cross shines forth."* A cedar column was planted by the cross and marked with the lilies of the Bourbons. The power of France, thus uplifttHl in the West of which Ohio is now a part, was, however, not destined HISTORY OP OHIO. to enduro, and tlic ambition of its luonarclis was to liavo "Illy a i)artiiii i'lilfillnKTit. Tlu! same yisir lliat the cmipvss was held, Mar- (|Uette had fViuiided a niissiiui anuiiiu the liuriins at I'uiiit St. Iiriiace, on tlio fontinciit north of tlu; |H'iiinsnla of .Miihitran. Althouirh the elunate was severe, and vei;etation scarce, yet fish ahoutided, and at this estahiishnu'nt, long maintained as a kev to riiillier e.\|p|oratioiis, prayer and j)raise were heard daily for maiiyyears. Here, also, ]Mari|nette trained a footiiij; amon;; the founders of Miehijran. \Vhil(! he was doing this, Allouez and Dahlon were explorinii' countries south anti west, froinjras far as tlu; Ma.scoutins and Kickapoos on the Milwaukee, and the >Iiauiis at the head of l^ake Michigan. Allouez eontiuucd even as fiir as the Sacs and Foxes on the river which hears their name. The discovery of the iMississippi, heightened by these e.\])lcirations, was now at hand. The enter- prise, projected by Manpu'tte, was received with iavor by .^I. Talon, who desired thus to perpetuate his rule in Ni'W France, now drawing to a clo.sc. He was joined by .loliet, of Quebec, an einis.sary of his King, couunissioned by royal magnate to take possession of the coutilry in the name of the French. Of him but little else is known. This one excursion, liowcver, gives him immortality, and as long :w time shall la.st his name and that of Marcpiette will endure. When Maripu;ttc made known his intention to the Pottawatomies, they were tilli;d with wonder, and endeavor(!d to dis- suaile him from hi.s jjurpose. "Tho.se di.stant na- tions," said they, '• never spare the strangers; the (Iri'at Kiver abounds in monsters, ready to swal- low both men ami canoes; there are great cataracts and rapiansc of lovely prairie, dotted here ansembling the natives, Manpiette .said. '• .My companion is an envoy of France to di.scover new countries; and I iim an emba.ssador from God to enlighten them with the Gospel." Offering pres- ents, he begged two guides lor the morrow. The Indians aiiswen'd courteously, and gave in return a mat to serve ])ily the Great Kiver, with a joy that could not be expressed;' and the two birehbark canoes, raising tlu^ir hap]iy sails under new skies and to unknown breezes, floated down the calm magnificence of the ocean stream, over the broad, clear sand-bans, the resort of iiniumerable water- fowl — gliding past i.slets that swelled from the bosom of the stream, with their tulis of massive thickets, and between the wild plains of Illinois and Iowa, all garlanded with majestic forests, or checkered by island groves and the o])en vastness of the jirairie."* Continuing on dcjwn the mighty stream, they .saw no signs of human life until the 25111 of June, when they discovered a small fiiot-pafh on the west bank of the river, lcaical clime, but return and find the outlet again. They had done enough now, and must report their dis- covery. On the ITtli day of Jul}-, 1073, one hundred and thirty-two years after the disastrous journey of De Soto, which led to no permanent results, ]Mar(|uette and Joliet left the village of Akansea on their way back. At the 38th degTee, they en- counter the waters of the Illinois which they had before noticed, and which the natives told them aflbrded a much shorter route to the lakes. Pad- dling up its limpid waters, they see a country un- surpassed in beauty. Broad ])rairies, beautiful up- lands, luxuriant groves, all mingled in excellent harmony as they ascend the river. Near the head of the river, they pause at a great village of the Illinois, and across the river behold a rocky prom- ontur large pictures of the Holy A'irgin, and daily luaanguer all geographers of the day considered the Mississippi and its tributary as one stream. Plac- ing great confidence on this hypothesis, La Salle repaired to Quebec to obtain the sanction of Gov. Courcflles. His |ilausible statements soon won him the Governor and M. Talon, and letters patent were issued granting the exploration. No pecuniary aid was offered, and La Salle, hav- ing expended all his means in improving his » \ ^^ 26 HISTORY OF OHIO. estate, \va.s ol)liirL'*l to sell it to procure the necessai-y outfit. The Su))erinr of the .seminary being favorably dispcsctl toward him, ]jurehiised the greater ])art of his improvement, and realiz- ing 2,800 livre.s, lie purchased four canoes and the ncces.sary supjjlies I'or the expedition. The semi- nary was, at the same time, preparing for a similar exploration. The priests of this order, emulating the Jesuits, had establi.shed missions on the north- ern shore of Ijake Ontario. Hearing of jiopulous tribes still furl her west, t bey resolved to attempt their conversii)n, and deputized twoof their number for the ])urpose. On going to Quebec to procure the necessary su])plies, they were advised of La Salle's e.\]iedition down the Ohin. and resolved to unite themselves with it. La .Salle did not alto- gi^tber favor their attempt, as he believed the Jesuits already had the lield, and would not care to have any aid from a rival order. His dispo- sition also would not well brook the part they assumed, of asking him to be a co-labon^r rather than a leader. However, the expeditions, merged into one body, left the mi.s,sion on the St. J>aw- rencc on the (Ith of July, Idlli), in .seven canoes. The party numbered twenty-fdur jiersons, who were accom|)aMied by two canoes filled with Indians who had vi.sited hn Salle, and who now acted a.s guides. Their guides led them up the St. Lawrence, over the e.xpan.sc of Lake Ontario, to their village on the banks of the (Jenesec, where they expected to find guides to lead them on to the Ohio. As La Salle only ])artially under- stood their language, he was compelled to confer with them by means of a J('suit stationed at the village. The Indians refused to furni.sh him the expected aiil, and even burned before bis eyes a pri.soner, tin; only one who coidd give him any knowledge lie ilesired. He surmised the Jesuits were at the bottom of the matter, fearful lest the iliM-i|iles of St. Sul]>ice should gain a foothold in the west. He liiitiered here a month, with the hope of accomplishing his oiijeet, when, by chance, there came liy an [roi|Uois Indian, who a.ssure 7.e:))ous Marf|Uettc, who, led ainon'.r the far-away luilions, laid down his life. The s])irit of 'A HISTORY OF OHIO. 29 La Salle was c(|ual to the enterprise, and as he now had returned from one voyage of discovery, he stood ready to solve the mystery, and gain the country for his King. Before this could be ac- complished, however, he saw other things must be done, and made preparations on a scale, for the time, truly marvelous. Count Frontenae, the now Governor, had no sooner established himself in power than he gave a searching glance over the new realm to see if any undeveloped resources lay yet unnoticed, and what country yet remained open. He learned from the exploits of La Salle on the Ohio, and from Jciliet, now returned from the West, of that immense country, and resolving in his mind on some plan whereby it could be formally taken, entered heartily into the plans of La Salle, who, anxious to solve the mystery ccmcerning the outlet of the Ureal lliver, gave him the outline of a plan, saga- cious in its conception and grand in its compre- hension. La Salle had also informed him of the endeavors of the English on the Atlantic coast to divert the trade with the Indians, and partly to counteract this, were the plans of La Salle adopted. They were, briefly, to build a chain of forts from Canada, or New France, along the lakes to the Mississippi, and on down that river, therel)y hold- ing the country by [lower as well as by discovery. A fort was to be built on the Ohio as soon as tlui means could be obtained, and thereby hold that country by the same policy. Thus to La Salle alone may bo ascribed the bold plan of gaining the whole West, a plan only thwarted Vjy the force of arms. Through the aid of Frontenae, he wa,s given a proprietary and the rank of nobility, and on his proprietary was erected a fort, which he, in honor of his (rovernor, called Fort Frontenae. It stood on the site of the present city of Kingston, Canada. Through it he obtained the trade; of the Five Naticjns, and his fortune was so far assured. He ni^xt repaired to France, to perfect his arrange- ments, secure his title and obtain means. On his return he built the fort alluded to, and prepared to go on in the pro-secution of his plan. A civil discord arose, however, which for three years prevailed, and seriously threatened his projects. As soon as he could extricate himself, he again repaired to France, receiving additional encouragement in money, grants, and the exclusive privilege of a trade in buffalo skins, then consid- ered a source of great wealth. On his return, he was accompanied by Henry Tonti, son of an illus- trious Italian nobleman, who had fled from his own country during one of its political re\olutions. Coming to France, he made himself famous as the founder of Tontine Life Insurance. Henry Tonti possessed an indomitable will, and though he had suffered the loss of one of his hands by the ex- plosion of a grenade in one of the Sicilian wars, his courage was undaunt(>d, and his ardor un- dimmed. La Salle also 1 irought recruits, mechanics, sailors, cordage and sails for rigging a ship, and merchandi.se for traffic with the natives. At Montreal, lie .secured the services of M. LaMotte, a person of much energy and integrity of character, lie also secured .several missionaries before he reached Fort Frcjutenac. Among them were Louis Henne]iin, Gabriel Kibourde and Zenabe Mcmlire. All these W(n'e Flemings, all Reeollets. Hennejiin, of all of them, proved the best a.ssi.st- ant. They arrived at the fort early in the autumn of 1G78, and preparations were at once made to erect a vessel in which to navigate the lakes, and a fort at the mouth of the Niagara River. The Senecas were rather adverse to the latter proposals when La Motte and Hennepin came, but by the elo((uence of the latter, they were pacified and rendered fiiendly. Af\er a number of vexa- ti(ms delays, the vessel, the Griffin, the first on the lakes, was built, and on the 7th of August, a year after La Salle came here, it was launched, pas.sed over the waters of the northern lakes, and, after a tempestuous Voyage, landed at Green Bay. It was soon after stored with furs and sent back, while La Salle and his men awaited its return. It was never afterward heard of La Salle, becoming impatient, erected a fort, pushed on with a part of his men, leaving part at the fort, and passed over the St. Joseph and Kankakee Rivers, and thence to the Illinois, down whose flood they proceeded to Peoria Lake, where he was obliged to halt, and return to Canada for more men and supplies. He left Tonti and several men to complete a fort, called Fort " Crovecoeur " — broken-hearted. The Indians drove the French away, the men mutinied, and Tonti w-as obliged to flee. When La Salle returned, he found no one there, and going down as far as the mouth of the Illinois, he retraced his steps, to find some trace of his garri.son. Tonti was found safe among the Pottawatomies at Green Bay, and Hennepin and his two followers, sent to explore the head-waters of the Missis-sippi, were again home, after a captivity among the Sioux. La Salle renewed his force of men, and the third time set out for the outlet of the Great River. :x: tiL^ 30 HISTORY OF OHIO. Hek'ft Canada early in December, 1(581, and by February (I, 1('>82, reached tbi; majestic flood of the miiihty stream. On the 24tli, they a.scended tlie Chicka.-iuw Bluti's, and. while waitinu' to find a sailor who had strayed away, erected Fort I'rud- liDtnme. They jia.ssed several Indian villages fur- tiicr down the river, in .some of which they met with no little ojipositiou. Proceeding onward, ere- long they encountered the tide of the .sea, and .\|)ril 0, they emerj;ed on the broad bo.soni of the (iulf, "to.ssinij; its re.stle.ss billows, limitless, voice- less and lonely as when born of chaos, without a siL'n of life." Coasting about a short time on the shores of the (iulf, the party returneil until a sutticieutly dry place w;us reacheil to effect a landinj;. Here another cro.ss was raised, also a column, on which Was iuscribed the.se words: " Loiis i,E (1r.\nii, K(ii hi; Fbanck et de N.4varre, Ueo.se; Lk Neuvikme, A\ u]i.. Kjsi'.'' * " The whole party," says a •' jiroces verbal," in the archives of Fr.ince, "chanted the Ti; Diitin, the Exaiiiliiit and the Dmnidr sdlvum f'>, HISTORY OF OHIO. 31 to untried circumstances; fur a sublime magnani- mity, that resigned itself to the will of Heaven, and yet triumphed over afBietion by energy of purpose and uul'altering hope — he had no superior among his countrymen. He had won the affec- tiousofthe governor of Canada, the esteem of Colbert, the contidence of Seignelay, the tavor of Louis XI\'. Alter the beginning of the coloniza- tion of Upper Canada, he perfected the discovery of the Mississijipi from the Falls of St. Anthony to its mouth; and he will be remembered through all time aa the father of colonization in tlie great central valley of the West."* Avarice, passion and jealousy were not calmed by the blood of La Salle. All of his cons]iirators per- ished by ignoble deaths, while only seven of the six- teen succeeded in continiiing the journey until they reached Canada, and thence found tlu'ir way to France. Tonti, who had been left at Fort St. Louis, on "Starved Rock" on the Illinois, went down in search of his beloved commander. Failing to find him, he returned and remained here until 17(M), thousands of miles away from friends. Then ho went down the Mississippi to join D Iberville, who had made the discovery of the mouth of the Mis- sissippi by an ocean voyage. Two years later, he went on a mission to the Chiekasaws, but of his subsequent hLstory nothing is known. The West was now in possc.s.sion of the French. La Salle's plans were yet feasible. The period of exploration was now over. The great river and its outlet was known, and it only remained for that nation to enter in and occupy what to many a Frenchman was the " Promised Land." Only eighteen years had elapsed since JLirquettc and Joliet had descended the river and shown the course of its outlet. A spirit, less bold than La Salle's would never in so short a time have pene- trated for more than a thousand miles an unknown wilderness, and solved the mystery of the world. When Joutel and hiscomi)anions reached France in 1688, all Kumpe was on the eve of war. Other nations than the French wanted part of the New World, and when they .saw that nation greedily and rapidly accuiuulating territory there, they en- deavored to stay its progress. The league of Augs- burg was formed in 1(187 by the princes oftheFhu- pire to restrain the ambitiou of Louis XIV, and in 1G8H, he began hostilities by the capture of Philipsburg. The next year, England, under the * Bancroft. lead of William III, joined the alliance, and Louis found himself compelled, with only the aid of the Turks, to contend against the united forces of the Empires of England, Spain, Holland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Yet the tide of battle wa- vered. In lt)8;), the French were defeated at Walcourt, and the Turks at Widin; but in llJiUI, the French were victorious at Charleroy, and the Turks at IJelgradi^. The next year, and also the next, victory inclined to the French, but in 11)93, Lou vols and Luxemberg were dead and Nanuir .surnMidt^red to the allies. The war extended to the New World, where it was maintained with more than equal success by the French, though the En- glish population exceeded it more than twenty to one. In l(i88, the French were estimated at about twelve thousand souls in North America, while the English were more than two hundred thousand. At first the war was prosecuted vigorously. In 1G8;», De. Ste. Helene and D'lberville, two of the sons of Charles le Morne, crossed the wilderness and ri^duced the English forts on Hudson's Bay. But in August of the same year, the Iroquois, the hereditary foes of the French, captured and burned Muble exi.sted between the French and the Chickasaws, endinjr in the cruel deaths of" many of the leaders, in the fruitless endeavors of the Cailadian and Louisi- anian forces combining against the Chicka.saws. For many years the conflict raged, with une(|ual successes, until the Indian jMiwcr gave way before superior military tactics. In the end, New ( )rlcans was li>undcd, in 1718, and the French power secured. Before this was consummated, however, France became entangled in another war against the allied powers, ending in lier defeat and the loss of Nova Seotia, Hudson's Bay and Newfound- land. The peace of I'trecht clo.sed the war in 171. 5. The French, weary with prolonged strife', adopted the jilaii, more peaceful in its nature, of giving out to distinguishi'd men the monopoly of certain districts in the fur trade, the most pros- perous of any avocation then. Crozat and Cadillac — the latter the founder of Detroit, in 1701 — were the chief ones ct by the Lakes to tlie Hi. Josipli's Iliver, which he loIlowei. On his sci-ond and third atteinjit, he crossed the lower peninsida of >Iichigan to the Kankakee, and ag:iin traversed its waters to tlie Illinois. The third route WiLs established about 171li. It followed the southern shores of Lake Krie to the mouth of tlic Mauinee Biver; following this stream, the voyager« went on to the junction between it and the St. Mary's, which they followed to the " Oubache " — Wabash — and then to the French villages in Vigo and Kno.x Counti(w, in Indiana. X'iucennes was the oldest and most important one here. It had been founded in 1702 by a French trader, and Wius, at the date of the establishment of the third route, in a pro.sperous condition. For many years, the traders cros.sed the plains of Southern Illinois to the French towns on the bottoms opposite St. Louis. They were afraid to go on down the '• Walia" to tile Ohio, as the Indians had fright- ened them with accounts of the great monsters below. Finally, .some adventurous spirit went down the river, found it emptied into the Ohio, and solved the problem of the true outlet of the Ohio, heretofore siijijio.sed to be a tributary of the Wabash. The fourth route was from the southern shore of Lake Krie, at I're.s(picville, over a jiortage of fifteen mil(« to the head of French Crei^k, at Waterford, Penn.; thence down that stream to the Ohio, and on to the Mississippi. Along all these routes, ports and ]]osts were carefully maintained. Many were on the .soil of Ohio, and were the first attempts of the white race to possess its domain. JIany of the ruins of these posts are yet found on the southern shore of Lake Erie, and at the outlets of streams flowing into the lake and the Ohio River. The i)rinci|>al torts were at Mackinaw, at l*rcs(|ueville, at the mouth of the St. Joseph's, on Starved Rock, and along £he Father of \Vaters. Yet another powiT wius encroaching on tluan: a sturdy race, clinging to the inhos)iitable Atlantic shores, were coming over the mountains. 'J'he murmurs of a confli there is marked on the west bank of the Cuyahoga, some distance from its mouth, the words ^' Frciic/t IIoiim," doubts less, the station of a French trader. The ruins of a house, found about five miles from the mouth of the river, on the west bank, are supposed to be those of the trader's station. In 1 786, the jMoravian missionary, Zeisberger, with his Indian converts, left Detroit in a vessel called the Mackinaw, and sailed to the mouth of the Cuyahoga. From there they went up the river about ten miles, and settled in an abandoned Ottawa village, where Independence now is, which place they called ^- Siii'iit'g Rrst." Their stay was brief, for the following April, they left for the Huron River, and settled near the sit« of Milan, Erie County, at a hjcality they called New Salem. There are but few records of settlements made by the French until after 1750. Even these can hardly be called settlements, as they were simply trading-pcsts. The French easily affiliated with the Indians, and had little energy beyond trading. They never cultivated fields, laid low forests, and subjugated the country. They were a half-Indian race, so to speak, and hence did little if anything in developing the West. About 1749, some English traders came to a place in what is now Shelby County, on the banks of a creek since known a.s Loramie's ('reek, and established a trading-station with the Indians. This was the first English trading-place or attempt at settlement in the State. It was here but a short time, however, when the French, hear- ing of its existence, sent a party of soldiers to the Twigtwees, among whom it was founded, and de- manded the traders as intruders upon French ter- ritory. The Twigtwees refusing to deliver up their friends, the French, assisted by a large party of Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked the trading- house, probably a block-house, and, after a severe "3 "V >A 34 HISTORY OF OHIO. battle, captured it. Tlie trailers were taken to Canada. Tlii.s flirt was called by the Enjrli.sh '■ Pickawillany," from wbich "Pi({ua" is probably derived. About tbc time that Kentucky was si t- tled, a Canadian Freiiehinan, named Lorauii.', e^itablished a store on the site of the old fort. He was a bitter enemy of the Americans, and for a loiii; time Loramie's store was the headquarters of mischief toward the settlers. Tlie French had the faculty of cndearinir them- selves to tlie Iiitliaus by tlu'ir ea.sy assimilation oi' their habits; and, no doulit, Loramie was eijual to any in this resjject, and hence pained great influ- ence over them. Col. Johnstim, many years an Indian Apent from the United States amonj^ the Western tribes, stated that he had often .seen the " Indians burst into tears when .speakinj^ of the times when their French father had dominion over them; and their attachment always remained unabated. ' So much influence had Loramie with the In- dians, that, when Gen. Clarke, from Kentuck}', invaded the Miami Valley in ITi^-, his attention was attracted to the spot. He came on and burnt the Indian .settlem<'nt here, and destroyed tlu^ .store of the Frenchman, seliinj^ his goods anionif the men at auction. Loramie fled to the Shawances, and, with a colony of that nation, emigrated west of the Missi.ssip]ii, to the Spani.sh possessions, where he again began bis life of a trader. In 17!'-i, during the Indian war, a fort was built on the site of the store by Wayne, and named Fort Loramie. The last officer who liad comnuind here w:i.s Capt. Butler, a nephew of Col. llichard Butler, who fell at St. Clair's defeat. While here with bis family, he lost an interesting boy, about eight years of age. About his grave, the .borrowing father and mother built a substantial jiicket-fence, planted honeysuckles over it, which, long afler, remained to mark the grave of the soldier's boy. The site of Fort Loramie wa.s always an im- pnrtant point, and was one of the places defined on the bounrihandi.sing, followed the occupation of a silver- smith, exchanging with the Indians his brooches, ear-drops and other silver ornaments, at an enormous profit, for skins and furs. Still further up were several other fann- lies of French and English; and two Ameri- can prisoners, Henry Ball, a soldier taken in St. Clair'.s defeat, and his wife, Polly Meadows, captured at the same time, were allowed to li\'e here and ]iay their masters the price of their ran.-iom — he, by boating to the rapids of the Mau- nu'c, and she by washing and sewing. Fronting the house of Ironside, and about fifty yards from the bank, was a small stockade, inclosing two hewed-log houses, one of which was occu|)ied by James Girty (a brother of Simon), the other, occasionally, by Elliott and McKee, British Indian Agents living at Detroit."* The post, cabins and all they contained fell under the control of the Americans, when the British evacuated the shores of the lakes. While they existed, they were an undoubted source of Indian discontent, and had much to do in prolonging the Indian war. The country hereabouts did not settle until some time afU'r the creation of the Stale government. As .'Jooii as the French learni'd the true source of the Ohio and Waliash Rivers, both were made a highway to convey the jiroducis of their hunt- ers. In coursing down the Ohio, they made t railing-places, or de])ots, where they could obtain furs of the liulians, at accessible points, generally at the mimths of the rivers emptying into tlio Ohio. One of these old forts or trading-i)laces stood about a mile and a half south of the outlet of the Scioto. It was here in 1740; but when it was erected no one could tell. The locality must have been pretty well known to the whites, Imwever; for, in 17S.'), three years before the settlement of Marietta was made, fimr families • NamtlTe of 0. U. Spencer. V Id: HISTORY OF OHIO. 35 made an iueffectual attempt to settle near the same place. They were from Kentucky, but were driven away by the Indians a short time after they arrived, not being allowed to build cabins, and had only made preparations to plant corn and other necessaries of life. While the men were encamped near the vicinity of Piketown, in Pike County, when on a hunting expedition, they were surprised by the Indians, and two of them slain. The others hastened back to the encampment at the mouth of the Scioto, and hurrieilly gathering the families together, fortu- nately gi>t them on a flat-boat, at that hour on its way down the river. By the aid of the boat, thi'V were enabled to reach Maysville, and gave up the attempt to settle north of the Ohio. The famous "old .S<-ioto Suit Works,'' in Jack- sim County, on the banks of Salt Creek, a tributary of the Scioto, were long known to the whites before ai>y attempt was made to settle in Ohio. They were indicated on the maps published in 1755. They were the resort, lor generations, of the In- dians in all parts of the West, who annually came here to make salt. They often brought white prisoners with them, and thus the salt works be- came known. There were no attempts made to settle here, however, until after the Indian war, which closed in 1795. As soon as peace was as- sured, the whites came here for salt, and soon after made a settlement. Another early salt spring was in what is now Trumbull Cotinty. It is also noted on Evan's ma]) of 1755. Tliey were occu- pied by the Indians, French, and by the Americans as early as 178(1, and perhaps earlier. As early as 1701 Moravian missionaries came among the Ohio Indians and began their labors. In a lew years, under the lead of Ilevs. Fredrick Post and John Heckewelder, permanent stations were established in several parts of the State, chief- ly on the Tuscarawas Iliver in Tuscarawas County. Here were the three Indian villages — Shoenburn, (Jnadenhutten and Salem. The site of the first is ab(iut two miles soutli of New Pliiladel]ihia ; Gna- dcnhutten was seven miles further south, and about five miles still on was Salem, a short distance from the present village of l^ort Washington. The fir.st and last named of these villages were on the west side of the Tuscarawas River, near the margin of the Ohio Canal. Gnadenhutten was on the cast side of the river. It was here that the brutal nia.s.sacre of these Christian Indians, by the rangers under Col. Wilhamson, occurred March 8, 1782. The account of the massacre and of these tribes appears in these pages, and it only remains to notice what became of them. The hospitable and friendly character of these Indians had extended bejond their white breth- ren on the Ohio. The American people at large looked on the act of Williamson and his men as an outrage on humanity. Congress i'elt its influence, and gave them a tract of twelve thousand acres, embracing their former homes, and induced them to return from the northern towns whither they had fled. As the whites came into the country, their manners degenerated until it became necessary to remove them. Through Gen. Cass, of Michigan, an agreement was made with them, whereby Con- gress paid them over $U,000, an annuity of $400, and 24,000 acres in some territory to be designated by the United >States. This treaty, by some means, was never eftectually carried out. and the princi- pal part of them took up their residence near a Moravian missiimary station on the River Thames, in Canada. Their old churchyard still exists on the Tuscarawas River, and here rest the bones of several of their devoted teachers. It is proper to remark here, that Mary Heckewelder. daughter of the missionary, is generally believed to have been the first white child born in Ohio. How- ever, this is largely conjecture. Captive women among the Indians, before the birth of IMary Heckewelder, are known to have borne children, which afterward, with their mothers, were restored to their friends. The assertion that Mary Heckewelder was the first child born in Ohio, is therefore incorrect. She is the first of whom any definite record is made. These outposts and the GallipolLs settlement are about all that are known to have existed prior to the settlement at Marietta. About one-half mile below Bolivar, on the western line of Tuscarawas County, are the remains of Fort Laurens, erected in 1778 by a detachment of 1.00(1 men under Gen. Mc- intosh, from Fort Pitt. It was, however, occu- pied but a short time, vacated in August, 1779, as it was deemed untenable at such a distance from the frontier. During the existence of the six years' Indian war, a settlement of French emigrants was made on the Ohio River, that deserves notice. It illus- trates very clearly the extreme ignorance and credulity prevalent at that day. In May or June of 1788, Joel Barlow left this country for Europe, " authorized to dispose of a very large body of land in the West. " In 1700, he distributed pro- posals in Paris for the disposal of lands at five ^1 \ 36 HISTORY OF OHIO. sbillinjrs jut acre, which, says Volnoy, '• jiromiscd a cUmatc healthy and dehulittul ; scarcely sucli a thiiiL? as a frost in the winter ; a river, called by way of eminence ' The Beautiful, ' abouudinji' in tish of an enormous size ; mafinificent forests of a tree from which sugar flows, and a shrub which yields candles ; vt'uisou in abundance ; uo military enrollments, and no i|aartcrs to find for soldiers." l'urch;i.sers became numerous, individuals and whole families sold their property, and in the; course of ITUl many embarked at the various French sea-ports, each with his title in his pocket. Five hundreil settlers, amouji whom were many wood carvers and guilders to His Majesty, King of France, coai-hniakers, triseurs and peruke makers, and other artisans and nrtiKlex, e(|ually well fitted for a frontier life, arrived in the United States in 1791-02, and acting without concert, traveling without knowledge of the language, customs and roads, at last managed to reach the spot designated for their resitlencc. There they learned they had been cruelly deceived, and that the titles they held were worthless. Without food, shelterless, and danger closing around tlu>ni, they were in a position that none but a Frenchman coidd be in without despair. Who brought them thitluT, and who wa.s to blame, is yet a disputed point. Some affirm that those to whom largc^ grants of land were made when the Ohio Company procured its charter, were the real instigators of the movement. They failed to pay for their lanils. and hence the title reverted to the GovernuK'nt. This, coming to the ears of the poor Frenchmen, rendered their situation more distressing. They never paid for their lands, and only through the clemency of Congress, who after- ward gave them a grant of land, and confirmed them in its title, were they I'uabled to secure a foot- hold. Whatever doubt there may be as to the causes of these people being so grossly deceived, there can be none regarding their sutt'erings. They had followed a jack-o-lantern into the howling wilderness, and must work or starve. The land u])on which they had been located w;is covered with immense forest trees, to level which the coach- makers were at a loss. At last, hoping to conquer by a coup de innin, they tied ropes to the branches, and while a dozen jiulled at them as many fell at the trunk with all sort.s of edged tools, and thus soon brought the monster to the earth. Yet he was a buiden. lie was down, to be sure, but as nuich in the way as ever. Several loji])ed off" the branches, others dug an immense trench at bis side, into which, with might and main, all rolled the large log, and tlu'U buried him from sight. They erected their cabins in a cluster, as they had seen them in their own native land, thus afibrdiiig stmie protection from marauding bands of Indians. Though i.solated here in the lonely wilderness, and nearly out of funds with which to purchase pro- visions from descending boats, yet once a week they met and drowiu^d ciu-e in a merry dance, greatly to the wonderment of the scout or lone Indian who chaiu-ed to witness their revelry. Though llieirvivacity could work wonders, it would not pay for lands nor 1>U3' provisions. Some of those at (!alli]iolis ( for such ihey called their .settlement, from , and how they haaramount consideration. The rights of tin- Indians w<>re little regarded. The British also purcha.sed land by the treaty of Lancaster, in 1744, wherein they agreed to ]iay the Six Nations for land ,settled uidawfully in IVnnsylvania, Virginia and Maryland. Tlie In- * Annals of tho Weflt. y:. HISTORY OF OHIO. 39 dians were given goods and gold amouutiug to near a tliousand pounds sterling. They were also promised the protection of the English. Had this latter provision been faithfully carried out, much blood would have been saved in after years. The treaties with the Six Nations were the real basis of the claims of Great Britain to the West ; claims that were only settled by war. The Shawanee In- dians, on the Ohio, were also becoming hostile to the English, and began to assume a threatening exterior. Peter Chartiez, a half-breed, residing in Philadelphia, escaped from the authorities, those by whom he was held for a violation of the laws, and joining the Shawanees, persuaded them to join the French. Soon after, in 1743 or 1744, he placed himself at the head of 400 of their war- riors, and lay in wait on the Alleghany River for the provincial traders. He captured two, exhib- ited to them a captain's commission fi-om the French, and seized their goods, worth .£1,(300. The Indians, after this, emboldened by the aid given them by the French, became more and more hostile, and ^\' eiser was again sent across the mount- ains in 1748, with presents to conciliate them and sound them on their feelings for the rival nations, and also to see what they thought of a settlement of the English to be made in the West. The visit of Conrad Weiser was successful, and Thomas Lee, with twelve otlier Virginians, among whom were Lawrence and Augustine Washington, brothers of George Washington, formed a company which they styled the Ohio Company, and, in 1748, peti- tioned the King for a grant beyond the mountains. The monarch approved the petition and the gov- ernment of \^irginia was ordered to grant the Com- pany 500,000 acres within the bounds of that colony beyond the AUeghanies, 200,(IO(t of which were to be located at once. This provision was to hold good for ten years, free of quit rent, provided the Company would settle 100 families within seven years, and build a fort sufficient for their protection. These terms the Company accepted, and sent at once to London for a cargo suitable for the Indian trade. This was the beginning of English Companies in the West ; this one forming a prominent part in the history of Ohio, as will be .seen hereafter. Otliers were also formed in Virginia, whose object was the colonization of the West. One of these, the Loyal Company, received, on the 12th of June, 1749, a grant of 800,000 acres, from the line of Canada on the north and west, and on the 20th of October, 1751, the Green- briar Company received a grant of 100,000 acres. To the.se encroachments, the French were by no means blind. They .saw plainly enough that if the English gained a foothold in the West, they would inevitably endeavor to obtain the country, and one day the issue could only be decitled by war. Vaudreuil, the French Governor, had long anxiously watched the coming struggle. In 1774, he wrote home representing the consequences that would surely come, should the Engli.sh .succeed in their plans. The towns of the French in Illinois were producing large amounts of bread-stuffs and provisions which they sent to New Orleans. These provinces were becoming valuable, and must not be allowed to come under control of a rival power. In 1749, Louis Celeron was sent by the Governor with a party of soldiers to plant leaden plates, suit- ably inscribed, along the Ohio at the mouths of the ]irincipal streams. Two of the.se plates were afterward exhumed. One was sent to the iMary- land Historical Societ}', and the in.scription* deci- phered by De Witt Clinton. On these plates was clearly stated the claims of France, as will be seen from the translation below. England's claim, briefly and clearly stated, read as follows: '-That all lands, or countries west- ward from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea, between 48 and 34 degrees of North Latitude, were expressly included in the grant of King James the First, to divers of his subjects, so long time since as the year ItJOC, and afterwards con- firmed in the year 1020; and under this grant, the colony of Virginia claims extent so far west as the South Sea, and the ancient colonies of Mass- achusetts Bay and Connecticut, were by their respective charters, made to extend to the said South Sea, so that not only the right to the -sea coa.st, but to all the Inland countries from sea to sea, has at all times been asserted by the Crown of England. "I To make good their titles, both nations were now doing their utmost. Professedly at peace, it only needed a torch applied, as it were, to any point, to instantly precipitate hostilities. The French were * The foUowing ia the tral.«Iation of tho iDScrijdion of the plate found at Venango : "In the year 1749, reign of Louis X V, King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detiicbmcnt by Monsieur tho Marquis of Gallisoniere, Commander-in-chief of New France, to establish tran'iuiUity in certain Indian villages in these Cantons, have buried this plate at the confluence of the Toraclakoin, Ibis twenty-ninth of July, near the River Ohio, otherwise Beantifut River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its tributaries; and of all the land on both sides, as far aa the sources of said rivers; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and by treaties ; especially hy those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aii La Chapelle." i Colonial Records of PentiByWania. ^1 !> \> 40 HISTORY OF OHIO. Imsily fimajivd orccting i'nrts from tliu wiudK'ni sihciivs (if Lako Erie to the Ohio, and on down in the lUinois Valley ; up at Detroit, and at all its posts, [)reparatious were constantly going on for the crisis, now sure to come. The issue between the two governments was now fully made up. It ad- mitted of no comj)romise but the sword. To that, however, neither power desired an immediate ap- peal, and both .sought rather to establish and I'urtily their interi'sts, and to conciliate the Indian tribes. Tlu" Hnghsh. through the Ohio (_"oni|iany, sent out Chri.stopiier Gi.st in the fall of 17o((. to e.vjilore tlie regions west of the mountains. He was instructed to examine the pa.sses, trace the courses of the rivers, mark the falls, seek for valuable lands, ob- .serve the strength, and to conciliate the friendship of the Indian tribes. He was well fitted for such an enterpri.se. Hardy, sagacious, bold, an adept in Indian character, a hunter by occupation, no man was better <(ualificd than he for such an undertak- ing. He visited Logstown, where luMvas jealously received, ])a.s.sod over to the .Muskingum River and Valley in Ohio, where ho tbund a village of Wyan- dots, divided in sentiment. \t this village he met Crogan, another e((Ually famous frontiersman, who had bi'cn sent out by IVnn.sylvania. Together they held a council with the chiefs, and received a.ssuranee of the friendship of the tribe. This done, they piLs.scd to the .Shawnee towns on the Scioto, reciaved their assurances of friendship, and Went on to the .Miami Valley, which they crossed, remarking in Crogan's journal of its gT<'at fertili- ty. They made a raft of logs on which they cros.scd the Ori'at Miami, visited Piqua, tlie chief town of th(' I'ickawillanies, and here mad(! treaties with tlio Weas and I'iankeshaws. While here, a deputation of the (.)ttawas visited tlu> .Miami Con- fen among these tribes, ami appointed a grand council to meet at liogstown to form an alliance among themselves and with Virginia. His journey was marvelous for the day. It Wiis extremely hazardous, as he was part of the time among hostile tribes, who could have captured him and been well rewarded by the French (juvernnient. But GLst knew how to act, and wa.s successful. While (ii.st was doing this, .some English traders established themselves at a place in ndiat is now known as Shelby County, Ohio, and opened a store for the purpo.se of trading with the Indians. This was clearly in the limits of the West, claimed by the French, and at once aroused them to action. The fort orstockade stood on the banks of Loramie's Creek, about .si.vteen miles northwest of the present city of Sydney. It received the name Loraniie from the creek by the French, which received its name in turn from the French trader of that name, who had a trading-post on this creek. Loramie had fled to the Spanish country west of the Mississipjii, and for many years was a trader there ; his store being at the junc- tion of the Kansas and Missouri, near the ]iresent city of Kansas City, Mo. When the EnglLsh traders came to Loramie's Creek, and erected their trading-place, they gave it the name of Pick- awillany, from the tribe of Indians there. The iMiami confederacy granted them this privilege as the result of the jireseuts brought by Crogan and Gist. It is al.so a-sserted that Andrew Montour, a half-breed, .son of a Seneca chief and the famous Catharine IMontour, who was an imjiortant fac- tor afterward in the Knglish treaties with the Indians, wa.s with them, and by his influence did much to aid in .securing tlu^ privilege. Thus was established the first Fnglish trading-post in the Northwest Territory and in Ohio. It, however, enjoyed only a short duration. The French could not enduri! so clear an invasion of their country, and gatlu'ring a force of Ottawtis and Chij)pewas, now thc^ir allies, they attacked tlie stockade in June, 1752. At first they demanded of the Mianiis the surrender of the fort, as they were the real cause of its location, having granted tlu; English the privilege. The Miamis not only refused, but aided the Hriti.sh in tlu^ defense. In the battle that ensued, fourteen of the .Miamis were .slain, and all the traders captured. One acc(]Unt .says tlicy were burned, another, and ]irobai)ly the correct one, states that they were taken to Canada jus ))risoners of war. It is jirobable the tradei-s were from Penn- .sylvania, an that commonwealth made the Miamis proHcnts as condolence for their warriors that were slain. Ulood had now been shed. The opening gun of the French and Indian war had been tired, and both ^% e> ^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 41 nations became more deeply interested in affairs in the West. The English were determined to secure additional title to the West, and, in 1752, sent Messrs. Fry, Lomax and Patton as commissioners to Logstown to treat with the Indians, and confirm the Lancaster treaty. They met the Indians on the yth of June, stated their desires, and on the 11th received their answer. At first, the sav- ages were not inclined to recognize the Lancaster treaty, hut agreed to aid the p]nglisli, as the French had already made war on the Tvvigtees (at Picka- willany I, and consented to the establishment of a fort and trading-post at the forks of the Ohio. This was not all the Virginians wanted, however, and taking aside Andi-ew Montour, now chief of the Six Nations, persuaded him to use his influence with the red men. By such means, they were in- duced to treat, and on the 13th they all united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, con.senting to asettlementsouthwest of the Ohio, and covenanting that it should not be disturbed by them. By such means was obtained the treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley. All this time, the home governments were en- deavoring to out-maneuver each other with regard to the lands in the West, though there the outlook only betokened war. The French understood bet- ter than the English how to manage the Indians, and succeeded in attaching them firmly to their cau.se. The English were not honest in their actions with them, and hence, in after years, the massacres that followed. At the close of 1752, Gist was at work, in con- formity with the Lanciuster and Logstown treaties, laying out a fort and tcnvn on Cliartier's Creek, about ten miles below the fork. Eleven families had crossed the mountains to settle at Gist's resi- dence west of Laurel Hill, not far fnim the Yough- iogheny. Goods had come from England for the (_)hio Conqiany, which were carried as far West as Will's Creek, where Cumberland now .stands ; and where they were taken by the Indians and traders. On the other hand, the French were gathering cannon and stores on Lake Erie, and, without treaties or deeds of land, were gaining the good will of the inimical tribes, and prejjaring, when all was ready, to strike the blow. Their fortifications consisted of a chain of forts from Lake Erie to the ( )hio, on the border. • One was at Presque Isle, on the site of Erie ; one on French Creek, on the site of Waterford, Penn.; one at the mouth of French Creek, in Venango County, Penn.; while opposite it was another, effectually commanding that section of country. These forts, it will be observed, were all in the limits of the Pennsyl- vania colony. The Governor informed the Assem- bly of their existence, who voted £G00 to be used in purchasing presents for the Indians near the forts, and thereby hold their friendship. A'irginia, also, took similar measures. Trent was sent, with guns and ammunition and presents, to the iiiendly tribes, and, while on his niis.sion, learned of the plates of lead planted by the French. In October, 1753, a treaty was consiunmated with representa- tives of the Iroipiois, Delawares. Shawanees, Twig- twees and Wyandots, by commissioners from Pennsylvania, one of whom was the philosopher Franklin. At the conferences held at this time, the Indians complained of the actions of the French in forcibly taking possession of the dis- puted country, and also bitterly denounced them tor using rum to intoxicate the red men, when they desired to gain any advantage. Not long- after, they had similar grounds of complaint against the English, whose lawless traders cared fornothing but to gain the furs of the savage at as little ex- pense as possible. The encroachments of the French on what was regarded as English territory, created intense feel- ing in the colonies, especially in Virginia. The purpose of the French to inclose the English on the Atlantic Coast, and thus prevent their extension over the mountains, became more and more ap- parent, and it was thought that this was the open- ing of a scheme already planned by the French Court to reduce all North America under the do- minion of France. Gov. Dinwiddie determined to send an ambassador to the French jiosts, to as- certain their real intentions and to observe the amount and disposition of their forces. He selected a young Virginian, then in his twenty-first year, a surveyor by trade and one well qualified for the duty. That young man afterward led the Ameri- can Colonies in their struggle for liberty. George Washington and one companion, Mr Gist, suc- cessfully made the trip, in the solitude of a severe winter, received assurance from the French com- mandant that they would by no means abandon their outposts, and would not yield unless com- pelled by force of arms. The commandant was exceedingly polite, but firm, and assured the young American that "we claim the country on thc^ Ohio by virtue of the discovery of La Salle ( in 1 (jilit ) and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 43 HISTORY OF OHIO. During Washinntiin's absonee steps were taken to fortify the point formed by the junction of tlio .Monotiiiahehi and Allo>rhany; and when, on his return, he met seventeen horses loaded with mate- rials and stores for a fort at the forks of tlie Ohio, and, soim after, some families going out to settle, he knew the defense had begun. As soon as \Vashingt(in made his report. Gov. Dinwiddle wriite to the Board of Trade, st;Uing that the i'r.'nch were building a fort at Venango, and that, in .Mareh, twelve or fifteen hundred men would lit; ready to deseend the river with their Indian allii'.-;, fiir wliieh purpose three hundred eanncs bad been eolli'eted ; and that Logstown was to be made head([Uarters, while forts were to be built in other ]ilaee.s. lie sent e.\]iresses to the Governors of l\'nn.>;ylvania and New York, apprising them of the nature of affairs, and calling upon them for a.>isist- anee. He also rai.sed two companies, one of wiiicli Wius raised by W'ashington, the other by Trent. Tiie one under Trent was to be raised on the frontiei-s, and WiLS, as soon as po.ssible, to repair to the Kork and erect there a fort, begun by the Ohio Cnmpany. Owing to various conflicting opinions between the (iovernor of I'ennsylvania and his Assendily, and the conference with the 8ix Nations, hi'ld by New York, neither of those provinces ]iut forth any vigorous measures until stirred to action liy tin; invasim out, and engage them in battle. lie was greatly misinformed as to the strength of the Freiuh, and in the engagement that I'ollowed he was badly beaten — 270 of his men killed, 42 wounded, and several, ineluding himself, taken jirisouers. The French, elated with their victory, attacked the main army, but were re]iuls<'d ancl obliged to retreat to the iijrt. The army con- tinued on its march. On the 24th of Novendjer they reached Turtle Creek, where a council of war was lu'ld, and where Gen. Forbes, who iiad been so ill as to be carried on a litter from the start, de- clared, with a mighty oath, lie would sleep that night in the fort, or in a worse place. The Indi- ans had, liowever, carried the news to the French that tlio English were as plenty as the trees of the woods, and in their fright they set fire to the fort in the night and left up and down the Ohio River. The next morning the English, who bad heard the explosion of the magazine, and seen the light of the burning walls, marched in and took peaceable pos.se.ssion. A small fortilic;ition wa.s thrown U]) on the bank, and, in honor of the great English statesman, it was callcil Fort Pitt. Col. Hugh Mer- cer wa.s left in command, and the nuiin body of tbi^ army marched back to the settlements. It reached IMiiiadelphia Jaiuiary 17, 17.")!l. On the 11th of March, Gen. Forbes died, and was buried in the chancel of Christ's Church, in that city. Post wa.s now sent on a mission to the Six Na- tions, with a report of the treaty of Easton. He w:is again instrumental in preventing a coalition of the Indians an of them went on down the ( )liio nearly to the Missi.ssijipi, and there, in what is now iMa.s,s,ie County, 111., erected a fort, called by them Fort Ma.s.sac. It wa.s afterward namid by many Fort .M xssacre, from the erroneous ; supposition that a garrison had been massacred there. The French, though deprived of the k<'y to the West, went on preiiaring stores anil ammunition, expecting to retake the fort in the sjiring. IJi'fore they could dy." Mont<:ahn, on hearing from the surgeon that death would come in a few hours, said, '■ 1 am glad of it. I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec." At five the ni'Xt morning he died liajipy. Prideaux moved u]) Lake Ontario, and on the fith of July invcsti'd Niagara. Its ca])ture would cut off' the French from the west, and every en- deavor was made to hold it. Troops, destined to take the small garrison at Fort Pitt, were held to a.ssist in raising the siege of Niagara. M. de Aubry. commanilant in HIinois, came up with 400 men and 200.0(10 jioniids of flour. Cut off' by the abandonment of Fort J)u Quesne from the Ohio route, he a.scended that river as far as the Wabash, thenci! to portagi? of Fort Miami, or Fort \Vayue, :'^ -^ HISTOEY OF OHIO. 47 down tlie JIaumee to Lake Erie, and on to Presqu- ville, or Presque Isle, over the portage to Le Boeuf, and thence down French Creek to Fort Venango. He was chosen to lead the expedition for the relief of Niagara. They were pursued by Sir Wriliam Johnson, successor to Prideaux, who had lust his life liy the bursting of a cannon, and were obliged to flee. The next day Niagara, cut off from succor, surrendered. All America rang with exultation. Towns were bright with illuminations ; the hillsides .shone with bonfires. From press, from pulpit, from platform, and from .speakers' desks, wentuji one glad song of rejoicing. England was victorious everywhere. The colimies iiad done their full share, and now learned their strength. That strength was needed now, fur ere long a different conflict raged on the soil of America — a conflict ending in the birth of a new nation. The English sent Gen. Stanwix to fortify Fort Pitt, still looked upon as one of the principal for- tresses in the West. He erected a good fortifica- tion there, which remained under British control fifteen years. Now nothing of the fort is left. No memorial of the British possession remains in the West but a single redoubt, built in 17G-t by Col. Bouquet, outside of the fort. Even this can hardly now be said to exist. The fall of Quebec did not immediately produce the submission of Canada. jM. de Levi, on whom the command devolved, retired with the French Army to Montreal. In the spring of ITtJO, he be- sieged Quebec, but the arrival of an English fleet caused him to again retreat to 3Iontreal. Amherst and Johnson, meanwhile, effected a union of their forces, the magnitude of whose armies convinced the French that resistance would be useless, and on the 8th of September, JM. de Vaudreuil, the Governor of Canada, surrendered Montreal, Quebec, Detroit, JIackinaw and all other posts in Canada, to the English commander-in- chief, Amherst, on condition that the French in- habitants should, during the war, be "protected in the full and fiee exercise of their religion, and till! full enjoyment of their civil rights, leaving their future destinies to be decided by the treaty of peace." Though peace was concluded in the New World, on the continent the Powers experienced some difficulty in arriving at a satisflictory settlement. It was finally settled by what is known in history as the "family compact." France and Spain saw in the conquest the growing power of England, and saw, also, that its continuance only extended that power. Negotiations were re-opened, and on the 3d of November, 1762, preliminaries were agreed to and signed, and afterward ratified in Paris, in February, 1 703. By the terms of the compact, Spain ceded to Great Britian East and West Florida. To conqjensatc Spain. France ceded to her by a secret article, all Louisiana west of the JILssissippi. The French and Indian war was now over. Canada and all its dependencies were now in pos- session of the English, who held undisputed sway over the entire \\'est as far as Mississijipi. It onlj' remained for them to take possession of the out- posts. Major Robert Rogers was sent to take pos- session ol Detroit and establish a garrison there. He was a partisan officer on the borders of New Hampshire, where he earned a name for bravery, but afterward tarnished it by treasonable acts. On his way to Detroit, on the 7th of November, 1700, he was met by the renowned chief, Pontiac, who authoritatively commanded him to pause and ex- plain his acts. Rogers replied by explaining the conquest of Canada, and that he was acting under orders from his King. Through the influence of Pontiac, the army was .saved from the Indians sent out by the .French, and was allowed to {iro- ceed on its way. Pontiac had as.sured his protec- tion as long as the English treated him with due deference. Beletre, the commandant at Detroit, refused to surrender to the English commander, until he had received positive a.ssurance from his Governor, Vaudreuil, that the country was indeed conquered. On the 29th of September, the colors of France gave way to the ensign of (Jreat Britain amid the shouts of the soldiery and the astonish- ment of the Indians, whose savage natures could not understand how such a simple act declared one nation victors of another, and who wondered at the forbearance disjilayed. The lateness of the season prevented fui-lhcr operations, but early the next spring. Mackinaw, (ireen Bay, Ste. ^larie, St. Joseph and the Ouitenon surrounded, and nothing was left but the Illinois towns. These were se- cured as soon as the necessary arrangements could be made. Though the EnglLsh were now masters of the West, and had, while many of these events nar- rated were transpiring, extended their settlements beyond the Alleghanies, they were by no means secure in their possession. The woods and prairies were full of Indians, who, finding the English like the French, caring more for gain than the welfare ;f* '-^ 48 HISTORY OF OHIO. of the natives, began to exhitiit impatience and re- sentment as they saw their hinds graduallj' taken from them. The English poHcy differed very materially from the French. The Kreneh made the Indian, in a measure, independent and taught him a desire for European goods. They also affiliated easily with them, and became thereby strongly endeared to the savage. The French were a merry, easy-going race, fond of gayety and delighting in adventure. The Engli-sh were liarsh, stern, and made no advances to gain the friend- ship of the .savage. They wanted land tn cultivate and drove away the Indian's game, and forced him farther west. "Where shall we go?" said the Indian, despondently ; '• you drive us farther and farther west; by and by you will want all the land." And the Anglo-Saxon went sturdily on, paying no heed to the complaints. The French traders incited the Indian to resent the encroach- ment. "The English will annihilate you and take all your land," said they. '-Their father, the King of France, had been asleep, now he had awakened and Was coming with a great army to reclaim Can- ada, that had been stolen from him while he slept." Discontent under such circumstances was but natural. Soon all the tribes, from the mountains to the .Mi.'isissip]ii, were united in a plot. It was discovered in ITtil, and arrested. The next sum- mer, another was detected and arrested. The officers, and all the people, failed to realize the danger. The rattlesnake, though not fuund, was re.idy to strike. It is only an Indian di.sconteiit, thought the peojih', and they went on ]ireparing to ocetipy the country. They were mistaken — tlie crisis only needed a leader to direct it. That leader appeared. CHAPTER IV. PONTIAC'S CONSPIKACT— ITS FAILURE— BOUQUET'S ENGLISH. EXPEDITION— OCCUPATION BY THE PONTIAC, the great chief of the Ottawas, was now about fifty years old. He had watched the conflict between the nations with a jealous eye, and as he saw the gradual growth of the English people, their encroachment on the lands of the In- dians, their greed, and tlieir a.s.sumption of the soil, his .soul was stirred within him to do something for his people. lie had been a true friend of the French, and had led the Indians at the defeat of Braddiick. .\mid all the! tumult, lu' alone .saw the true state of affairs. The English would inevit- ably crush out the Indians. To save his race he saw another alliance with the Freiuli was neces- sary, and a restoration of their power and habits needed. It was the plan of a statesman. It only fiiiled becau.seof the |)erfidy of the French. Matur- ing his plans late in the autumn of 17Ci2. he sent mes.sengers to all the Western and Soulhern tribes, with the black wampum and red tomahawk, em- blems of war, from the great Pontine. "On a cer- tain day in the next year," .said the me.s.senger, "all the tribes are to rise, seize all the English posts, and then attack the whole frontier." The great council of all the tribes was held at the river Ecorce.s, on the 27th of April, 1711!!. There, before the as,semblcd chiefs, Poutiac deliv- ered a speech, full of eloquence and art. He recounted the injuries and encroachments of the English, and disclo.scd their designs. The French king was now awake and would aid them. Should they resign their homes and the graves of their fiUhers without an effort? Were their young men no longer brave? Were they S(|uaws? The (ireat Master of Life had chided them for their inactivity, and had sent his commands to drive the "Red Dogs" from the earth. The chiefs eagerly aeeepted the wam]mm and the tomahawk, and separated to ])rei)ave for the coming strife. The {lost at Detroit was informed ol' the plot the evening before it was to occur, by an Ojibway girl of great beauty, the mistress of the com- mander. Major (iladwin. Poutiac was foile4, which had been confined in the garrison over fifteen months, and dispersed the Indians that yet lay around the fort. But on his way back, he saw how the Indians had duped him, and that they were still iilundering the settlements. His treaties were annidled by Gage, who ordered him to destroy their towns. The 8ea.son was far advanced, his provision.s were getting low, and he was obliged to return to Niagara chagrined and disappointed. Ciil. Biiui[uet kiu'W Well the character of the Iiiilians, and shajicd his plans accnrdingly. He had an army of 1 ..")00 men, 50(1 regulars and 1,000 volunteers. Tiny lunl had exiicrience in fighting the savages, ami <<]uld 1m' di'])cnded on. At Fort Louden, he heard of Brailstreet s ill luck, and saw through tluMlcccptiou ]iracticed by the Indians. \\t> arrived at Fort Pitt the 17th of Se]ilendier, where he arri'sted a deputation of chiefs, who met him wuh the .same promises tliat had deceived Bradstreet. He sent one of their numtier back, threatening to put to death the chiefs uide.ss they allowed his mes.sengers to safely pa.ss through their country to Detroit. The decisive tone of his Words convinced tliem cif the fate that awaited them uides.') they coiii|ilie8ion on the IVlh. There a conference was held with the assembled tribes. Bouquet sternly rebuked them ft)r their faithlessness, and when told by the chiefs they could not restrain their young men, he as sternly told them they were res]ionsible for their acts. He told them he would trust them no longer. If the}' delivered up all their ])risonei-s within twelve days they might hopc^ for jieace, otherwise there would be no mercy shown them. They were completely humbled, and, .separating ha.stily, gathered their captives. On the 25th, the army proceeded down to the Tuscarawas, to the junction with White \\'oman River, near the town of Co.shocton, in Coshocton County, Ohio, and there made prepa- rations for the reception of the captives. There they remained until the 18th of November; from day to day prisoners were brought in — men, women and children — and delivered to their fi-iends. .M any were the touching scenes enacted during this time. The separated hu.sband and wife met. the latter often carrying a child born in cajjtivity. Brothers anil sisters, separated in youth, met ; lovers rushed into each other's arms; children found their parents, mothers their sons, f ithers their daughters, and neighbors those from whom they had been se])arated many years. Yet. there were many dis- tressing scenes. Some looked in vain for long-lost relatives and friends, that never should return. Others, that had been captured in their infancy, would not leave their savage " friends, and when force was used some fled away. One mother looked in vain for a child she had lost years be- fore. Day by day, she anxiously watched, but no daughter's voice rea<-lied her ears. One. clad in savage attire, was brought before her. It could not be her daughter, she was grown. So was the maiden before her. "Can not you remember sonu> mark'/' asked Bouquet, whose sympathies were arou.sed in this ca.se. "There is none," said the anxious and sorrowful mother. "Sing a song you sang over her cradle, she may remend)er," suggested the commander. ( )ne is sung by her mother. As the song of childhood floats out among the trees the maiden stops and li.stens. then a]))iroaches. Yes, she reniembi^rs. Mother and daughter are held in a close cndmice, and the stern Bou(|uet wi]K's away a tear at the scene. On the ISth, the army broke up its encamp- ment anil started on its homeward march. Bouijuet kept six principal Indians as hostages, and re- turned to the homes of the captives. The Indians kept their promises faithfully, and the next year representatives of all the Western tribes met Sir William Johnson, at the German Flats, and made ^ a fc^ -^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 51 a treaty of peace. A tract of lan(l in the Indian country was ceded to the whites for the benefit of those who liad suffered in the late war. The In- dians desired to make a treaty with Johnson, whereby tlie Alleghany River should be the west- ern boundary of the English, but he excused him- self on the ground of proper power. Not long after this the Illinois settlements, too remote to know much of the struggle or of any of the gTeat events that had convulsed an empire, and changed the destiny of a nation, were brought under the English rule. There were five villages at this date: Kaskaskia, Cahokia, St. Pliilip, Vin- cennes and Prairie du Ilocher, near Fort Chartres, the military headquart<.'rs of these French posses- sions. They were under the control or command of M. de Abadie, at New Orleans. They had also extended explorations west of the Mississippi, and made a few settlements in what was Spanish terri- tory. The country had been, however, ceded to France, and in February, 1764, the country was formally taken possession of and the present city of St. Louis laid out. As soon as the French knew of the change of government, many of them went to the west side of the river, and took up their residence there. They were protected in their religion and civil rights by the terms of the treaty, but preferred the rule of their own King. The British took possession of this country early in 176.5. Gen. Gage sent Capt. Stirling, of the English Army, who arrived before summer, and to whom St. Ange, the nominal conmiandant, surren- dered the authority. The British, through a suc- cession of commanders, retained control of thecoun- try until defeated by George Rogers Clarke, and his "ragged Virginia militia." After a short time, the French again ceded the country west of the Mississippi to Spain, and re- lin(|uished forever their control of all the West in the New Worid. The population of Western Louisiana, when the exchange of governments occurred, was estimated to be 13, .538, of which 891 were in the Ilhnois country — as it was called — west of the Mississippi. East of the river, and before the French crossed into Spanish country, the population was estimated to be about 3,000. All these had grown into communities of a peculiar character. Indeed, that ' peculiarity, as has been observed, never changed until a gradual amalgamation with the American people effected it, and that took more than a cen- tury of time to accomplish. The English now owned the Northwest. True, they did not yet occupy but a small part of it, but traders were again crossing the mountains, ex- plorers for lands were on the Ohio, and families for settlement were beginning to look upon the West as their future home. Companies were again forming to purchase large tracts in the Ohio coun- try, and open them for emigration. One thing yet stood in the way — a definite boundary line. That line, however, was between the English and the Indians, and not, as had heretofore been the case, between rival European Powers. It was necessary to arrange some definite boundary before land com- panies, who were now actively pushing their claims, could safely survey and locate their lands. Sir William Johnson, who had at previous times been instrumental in securing treaties, wrote re- peatedly to the Board of Trade, who controlled the greater part of the commercial transactions in the colonies — and who were the first to exclaim against extending English settlements beyond a limit whereby they would need manufactures, and there- by become independent of the Jlother Country — urging upon thiMu, and through them the Crown, the necessity of a fixed boundary, else another Indian war was probable. The Indians found themselves gradually hemmed in by the growing power of the whites, and began to exhibit hostile feelings. The irritation became so great that in the summer of 1767, Gage wrote to the Governor of Pennsylvania concerning it. The Governor communicated his letter to the General Assembly, who sent repre- sentatives to England, to urge the immediate set- tlement of the cpiestion. In compliance with these requests, and the letters of prominent citizens, Franklin among the number, instructions were sent to Johnson, ordering him to complete the purchase from the Six Nations, and settle all differences. He sent word to all the Western tribes to meet him at Fort Stanvrix, in October, 1768. The con- ference was held on the 24th of that month, and was attended by colonial representatives, and by Indians from all parts of the Northwest. It was determined that the line should begin on the Ohio, at the mouth of the Cherokee (Tennessee), thence up the river to the Alleghany and on to Kittan- ning, and thence across to the Susquehanna. By this line, the whole country south of the Ohio and Alleghany, to which the Six Nations had any claim, was transferred. Part of this land was made to compensate twenty-two traders, whose goods had been stolen in 1763. The deeds made, weri> upon the express agreement that no claims should 52 HISTORY OF OHIO. ever be based on the treaties of Lanfa.ortant start made in this |)art of the W(s*t. Emigrants came down tlie Ohio River, .saw the northern .shores were inviting, and sent back such accounts that the land north of the river rapidly grew in favor with Eastern people. One of the nio.st ini])ortant Western characters, Col. (afterward (Jen.) George Rogers Clarke, had had nuich to do in forming its charactiT. He was iiorn November 11», 1752, in Albemarle County, Va.. and early came West. He had an unusuallv sagacious spirit, was an excellent sur- vevor and general, and took an active interest in all State and natii>iial afl'airs. He underslooil the animus of the Revolution, and was ]ire]iareil to do his part. Col. Clarke w;is now meditating a move une(|ualeil in its boldness, and one that had more to do with the success of America in the struggle for independence than at first ajipears. He saw through the whole jilaii of the British, rV :^: >?• HISTORY OF OHIO. 53 who held all the outposts, Kaskaskia, Detroit, i Vincennes and Niagara, and determined to circum- vent them and wrest the West from their power. The British hoped to encircle the Americans by | these outposts, and also unite the Indians in a common war against them. That had been attempted by the French when the English con- quered them. Then the Frencli had a powerful ally in the person of Pontiac, j-et the brave front- iersmen held their homes in many places, thougli the Indians " drank the blood of many a Briton, scooping it up in the hollow of joined hands." Now the Briton had no Pontiac to lead the .scat- tered tribes — tribes who now feared the unerring aim of a settler, and would not attack him openly — Clarke knew that the Delawares were divided in feeling and that the Shawanees were but imperfectly united in favor of England since the murder of their noted chiefs. He was convinced that, if the British could be driven from the Western posts, the natives could easily be awed into submission, or bribed into neutrality or friendship. They admired, from their savage views of vaior, the side that became victorious. They cared little for the cause for which either .side was fighting. Clarke sent out spies among them to ascertain the feasibility of his plans. The spies were gone fi-om April 20 to June 22, and fully corroborated his views concerning the English policy and the fejlings of the Indians and French. Before proceeding in the narrative of this expe- dition, however, it will be well to notice a few acts transpiring north of the Ohio River, especially re- lating to the land treaties, as they were not without effect on the British policy. JIany of the Indians north and south of the Ohio would not recognize the validity of the Fort Stanwix treaty, claiming the Iroquois had no right to the lands, despite their eonrpiest. These discontented natives har- assed the emigrants in such a manner that many Indians wore slain in retaliation. This, and the working of the French traders, who at all times were bitterly opposed to the English rule, filled the breasts of the natives with a malignant hate, which years of bloodshed could not wa,sh out. The murder of several Indians by lawless whites fanned the coal into a blaze, and, by ITT-i, several retalia- tory murders occurred, committed by the natives in revenge for their fallen friends. The Indian slew any white man he found, as a revenge on some friend of his slain ; the frontiersman, acting on the same principle, made the borders extremely dan- gerous to invaders and invaded. Another cause of fear occurred about this time, which threatened seriously to retard emigration. Pittsburgh had been claimed by both Pennsyl- vania and Virginia, and, in endeavoring to settle the dispute, Lord Duumore's war followed. Dr. John Connelly, an ambitious, intriguing person, induced Lord Duumore to assert the claims of Vir- ginia, in the name of the King. In attempting to carry out his intentions, he was arrested by Arthur St. Clair, representing the proprietors of Pennsyl- vania, who was at Pittsburgh at the time. Con- nelly was released on bail, but went at once to Staunton, where he was sworn in as a Justice of Peace. Returning, he gathered a force of one hundred and fifty men, suddenly took possession of Pittsburgh, refused to allow the magistrates to enter the Court House, or to exercise the ftinctions of their oiEces, unless in conformity to his will. Connelly refiised any terms offered by the Penn- sylvania deputies, kept possession of the place, acted very harshly toward the inhabitants, stirred up the neutral Indians, and, for a time, threatened to make the boundary line between the two colonies a very serious question. His actions led to hostile deeds by some Indians, when the whites, no doubt urged by him, murdered seven Indians at the mouth of the Captina River, and at the house of a settler named Baker, where the Indians were decoyed under promises of friendship and offers of rum. Among those murdered at the latter place, was the entire family of the famous Jlingoe chief, Logan. This has been charged to Michael Cresap ; but is untrue. Daniel Greathouse had command of the party, and though Cresap may have been among them, it is unjust to lay the blame at his feet. Both murders, at Captina and Yellow Creek, were cruel and unwarranted, and were, without doubt, the cause of the war that followed, though the root of the matter lay in Connelly's arbitrary actions, and in his needlessly alarming the Iudians> Whatever may have been the facts in relation to the murder of Logan's family, they were of such a nature as to make all feel sure of an Indian war, and preparations were made for the conflict. An arm)' was gathered at Wheeling, which, some time in July, under command of Col. Mc- Donald, descended the Ohio to the mouth of Cap- tina Creek. They proposed to march against an Indian town on the Muskingum. The Indians sued for peace, but their pretensions being found spurious, their towns and crops were destroyed. The army then retreated to Williamsburg, having accomplished but little. r^ .£: 54 HISTORY OF OHIO. The Dflawuri's were anxious for peace ; even tlie Minirofs, wliose relatives had been slain at Yellow Creek, ami ("aptiiiu, were restrained; but Logan, who had been turned to an inveterate foo to the Auierieans, came suddenly upon the Monongahela settlements, took thirteen scalps in revenge i'or the loss of" his taniily, returned home and expressed himself ready to treat with the Long Knives, the Virginians. Had Connelly acted properly at this juncture, the war might have been ended; but his actions only incensed both borderers and In- dians. 80 obnoxiiius did lie become that Lord Dunmoro lost fiiith in him, and severely repri- manded him. T(j ]iut a stop to the depredations of the Indians, two large bodies of troops were gathered in Vir- ginia, one under Gen. Andrew Lewis, and one under command of Dunnmrc himself. Before the armies ecjuld meet at the mouth of the Great Kanawha, their objective point, Lewis' army, which arrived first, was attacked liy a furious band of Dela- wares, Shawanees, Iro([uois and Wyandots. The conflict was bitterly prolonged by the Indians, who, under the leadership of Cornstalk, were deter- mined to make a decisive (;ffort, and fought till late at night (October Id, 1774), and then only by a strategic move of Lewis' command — which re- sulted in the defeat of the Indians, compelling them to cross the Ohio — was the conflict ended. Mean- while, Dunmore's army came into the enemy's country, and, l)t>ing joined by the remainder of Lewis' command, pressed forward intending to an- nihilate the Indian towns. Cornstalk and his chief's, how(n'er, sued for peace, and the conflict closed. Dunmore established a camp on Sippo Creek, where he held conferences with the natives and concluded the war. When he left the country, he stationed 100 nicn at the mouth of the Great Kanawha, a few more at Pittsburgh, and another ^• Briti.sh once got con- trol over the Western Indians the scene at Fort Henry would be repeated, and would not likely, in all cases, end in favor of the Americans. With- out eomnuinicating any of his designs, he lefi Har- rodsburg about the 1st of October, 1777, and reached tlu' capital of Virginia by Novendier 5. Still ki'cping his mind, he awaited a favorable op- ])ortunity to broach his ])lans to tho.-i "V HISTORY OF OHIO. 55 Through his aid, Clarke procured the necessary au- thority to prosecute his plans, and returned at once to Pittsburgh. He intended raising men about this post, but found them fearful of leaving their homes unprotected. However, he secured three companies, and, with these and a number of volun- teers, picked up on the way down the Ohio lliver, he fortified Corn Island, near the falls, and made ready for his expedition. He had some trouljle in keeping his men, some of those from Kentucky refusing to aid in subduing stations out of their own country. He did not announce his real inten- tions till he had readied this point. Hei'c Col. Biiwman joined him with his Kentucky mililia, and, on the 24th of June, 1778, during a total eclipse of the sun, th(! party left the ' fort. Before his start, he learned of the ca])ture of Burgoyne, and, when nearly down to Fort Massac, lie met some of his sjiies, who informed him of the exag- gerated account.s of the ferocity of the Long Knives that the French had received from the British. By proper action on his part, Clarke saw both these items of information could be made very beneficial to him. Leaving the river near Fort Massac, he set out on the; march to Kaskas- kia, through a hot summer's sun, over a country full of savage foes. They reached the town un- noticed, on the evening of July 4, and, before the a.stonishcd British and French knew it, they were all prisoners. M. luicheblave, the Kngli.sh commander, was secured, but his wife adroitly con- cealed the papers belonging to the garrison. In the person of M. (iibault, tlu; French priest, Clarke found a true friend. When the true character of the Virginians became apparent, the French were easily drawn to the American side, and the priest secured the surrender and allegiance of Cahokia through his personal influence. JI. (Iibault told him he would also secure the post at St. Vincent's, which he did, returning fi-om the mission about the 1st of August. During the interval, Clarke re- enlisted his men, formed his plans, sent his pris- oners to Kentucky, and was ready for future action when M. Gibault arrived. He sent Capt. Holm and a single soldier to Vincennes to hold that fort until he could put a garrison there. It is but jiroper to state that the English commander. Col. Hamilton, and his band of soldiers, were absent at Detroit when the priest secured tlie village on the "Ouabache." When Hamilton returned, in the autumn, he was greatly surprised to see the Amer- ican flag floating from the ramparts of the fort, and when approaching the gate he was abruptly halted by Capt. Helm, who stood with a lighted fuse in his hand by a cannon, answering Hamilton's demand to surrender with the imperative impiiry, '•Upon what terms, sir?" "Upon the honors of war," answered Hamilton, and he marched in greatly chagrined to see he had been halted by two men. The British commander sat (juietly down, intending to go on down the river and sub- due Kentucky in the spring, in the mean time offering rewards for American sculps, and thereby gaining the epithet " Hair-buyer General." Clarke heard of his actions late in January, 1779, and, as he says, " I knew if I did not take him he would take me," set out early in February with his troops and marched across the marshy plains of Lower Illinois, reaching the Wabash post by the 22d of that month. The unen-ing aim of the Westerner was eft'ectual. •■They will shoot your eyes out," said Helm to the British troops. " There, I told you so," he further exclaimed, as a snidier vent- ured near a pnrt-hole and received a slnit directly in his eye. On the 24th the fort sunendered. The American flag waved again over its ramparts. The " Ilair-buyer General" was sent a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement for his cruel acts. Clarke returned to Kaskaskia, perfected his plans to hold the Illinois settlements, went on to Kentucky, from where he sent word to the colonial authorities of the success of his e.xpc- dition. Had he received the aid promised him, Detroit, in ea.sy reach, would have fallen too, but Gen. Crreen, failing to send it as promised, the capt- ure of that im|iortant post was delayed. Had Clarke failed, and Hamilton succeeded, the whole West would have Vjcen swept, from the Alle- glianies to the Mississippi. But for this small army of fearless Mrginians, the union of all the tribes from Georgia to ]Maine against the colonies might lia\e been effected, and the whole current of American hi.story changed. America owes Clarke and liis band more than it can ever pay. Clarke reported the capture of Kaskaskia and the Illinois country early after its sun-ender, and in October the county of IllinoLs was established, extending over an unlimited expanse of country, by the Virginia Legislature. John Todd was appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor. In November, Clarke and his men received the thanks of the same body, who, in afler years, secured them a grant of land, which they selected on the right bank of the Ohio River, opposite Louisville. They expected here a city would rise one day, to be the peer of Louisville, then coming «<'' <1, Col. Broadhcad led an expedition against the Central Ohio Indians. It di-5; others on selection and survey and still others on settlement. In this state of mixed afl'airs, it was difficult to say who held a secure claim. It w;i.s a ((Uestion wbethcr the old French grants were good (jr not, esiiecially since the change in governnunt, and the eminent pros- pect of still another change. To, in some way, aid in .settling the.se claims, \'irginia sent a com- mission to the West to .sit ;i.s a court and determine the projprietorship of these claims. This court, th(iugh of as doubtful authority as the claims themselves, went to work in Kentucky and along the (Jhio River in 1770, and, in the cour-^e of one year, granted over three thou.sand certificates. These were considered as good authority for a definite title, and were so regarded in after pur- chases. Under them, many pioneers, like Daniel Boone, lost their lands, as all were ri'(|nired to hold some kind of a patent, while others, who pos.ses.sed no more princijile than '-land-sharks of to-day, acquired large tracts of land by holding a jiatent the court was bound to accept. Of all the colonies, Virginia .seemed to have the best title to the Northwest, .save a few parcels, such as the Connecticut or Western Reserve and some similar tracts held by New York, ]Ma.ssachusetts and New Jersey. When the territory of the Norlliwest was ceded to the General Government, this was recognized, and that country was counted as a \'irginia county. The Spanish (Jov<>rnuient, holding the region west of the Mississi]ipi, and a portion east toward its outlet, became an imiiortant but secret ally of the AiniTicans. When the French revolt was su]iiire,s.'ied by O'Kcilly, and the Spanish a.ssunied t\u'. government of Louisiana, both l'pi"'r and Lower, there was a large tract of country, known as Florida (East and West), claimed by iMigland, and duly regarded as a part of her dominion. The boundaries had been .settled wlu'n the I'rench first occupied Lower Louisiana. The Sjianiards adopted the patriarchal form of rule, as much as was con.si.stent with their interests, and allowed the French full religious and civil liberty, save that all tribunals were after the Sjianish fksliicm, and governed by S]]anish ruli'S. 'I'he Spaniards, long jealous of England's growing jiower. secretly .sent the Governors of Louisiana word to aid the Americans in their struggle ibr freedom. Though -C i :^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 57 they controlled the Mississippi River, they allowed an American officer (Capt. Willing) to descend the river in January, 1778, with a party of titty men, and ravage the British shore from Manohez Bayou to Natchez. On the Sth of May. 1770, Spain declared war against (Jreat Britain; and, on ihe Sth of July, the people of Louisiana were allowed to take a part in the war. Accordingly, Cialvez collected a force of 1,400 men, and, on the 7th of September, took Fort JIanchac. By the 21st of September, he had taken Baton Rouge and Natchez. Eight vessels were captured by the Spaniards on the Mississippi and on the lakes. In 1780 Mobile fell; in March, 1781, Pensacola, the chief British post in West Florida, succumbed after a long siege, and, on the 9th of May, all West Florida was surrendered t(j Spain. This war, or the war on the Atlantic Coast, did not immediately aflect Upper Louisiana. Great Britain, however, attempted to capture St. Louis. Though the commander was strongly suspected of being bribed by the English, yet the place stood the siege fi-om the combined force of Indians and Canadians, and the assailants were dispersed. This was done during the summer of 1680, and in the autumn, a comjiany of Spanish and French resi- dents, under La Balme, went on an expedition against Detroit. They marched as far north as the Briti.sh trading-post Ke-ki-ong-a, at the head of the Mauniee Kiver, but being surprised in the night, and the commander slain, the expedition was defeated, having done but little. Spain may have had personal interests in aiding the Americans. She was now in control of the Mis- sissippi River, the natural outlet of the Northwest, and, in 1780, began the troubles relative to the navigation of that stream. The claims of Spain were considered very unjust by the Continental Congress, and, while deliberating over the question, Virginia, who was jealously alive to her Western interests, and who yet held jurisdiction over Ken- tucky, sent through Jefferson, the Governor, Gen. George Rogers Clarke, to erect a fort below the mouth of the Ohio. This proceeding was rather unwarrantable, especially as the fort was built in the country of the Chickasaws, who had thus fiir been true friends to the Americans, and who looked upon the fort as an innovation on their territory. It was completed and occupied but a short time, Clarke being recalled. Virginia, in 1780, did a verj' important thing; namely, establishing an institution for higher edu- cation. The Old Dominion confiscated the lands of " Robert McKenzie, Henry Collins and Alex- ander IMcKee, Britons, eight thousand acres." and invested the proceeds of the sale in a public semi- uai-y. Transylvania University now lives, a monu- ment to that spirit. While Clarke was building Fort Jefferson, a force of British and Indians, under command of Capt. Bryd, came down trom Canada and attacked the Kentucky settlements, getting into the country be- fore any one was aware. The winter before had been one of unusual severity, and game was ex ceedingly scarce, hence the army was not prepared to conduct a campaign. After the capture of Rud- dle's Station, at the south fork of the Licking, Bryd abandoned any further attempts to reduce the set- tlements, except capturing Martin's Station, and returned to Detroit. This expedition gave an additional motive for the chastisement of the Indians, and Clarke, on his return from Fort Jefferson, went on an exjieditiou against the Miami Indians. He destroyed their towns at Loramie's store, near the ]iresent city of Sjdney, Ohio, and at Piqua. humbling the natives. While on the way, a part of the army remained on the north bank of the Ohio, and erected two block-houses on the present site of Cincinnati. The exploits of Clarke and his men .so effectually chastised the Indians, that, for a time, the West was safe. During this period of f|uiet, the meas- ures which led to the cession of Western lands to the General Gtivernment, began to assume a defi- nite form. All the colonies claiming \\'cstern lands were willing to cede them to the Government, save Virginia, which colony wanted a large scope of Southern country southeast of the Ohio, as far as South Carolina. All recognized the justice of all Western lands becoming public property, and thereby aiding in extinguishing the debts caused by the war of the Revolutielaware nation chiefly, though other Western tribes were visited and many converts made. The first converts were made in New York and Connecticut, where, after a good start had been made, and a jirospect of many souls Iteing saved, they incurred the enmity of the whiles, wlio, becoming alarme between Fort Pitt and De- troit, one of which contained British, the other Americans, Again they could not understand the struggle, and could not take up the hatchet. This lirought on them the enmity of both belligerent parties, and that of their own fiirest comjianions, who could not see wherein their natures could change. Among the most hostile jiersons, were the white renegades McKee, Girty and Klliott. On their in.stigation, several of them were .slain, and by their advice they werer. It followed that river to Lake Ontario, down it.s center ; up the Niagara River ; through Lake Erie, up the Detroit River and through Lakes Huron and Superior, to the northwest extremity of the latter. Then it pursued another irregular western course to the Lake of the Woods, when it turned south- ward to the jMissLssij)pi River. The eommissioner.s insisted that should be the western boundary, a.s the lakes wen^ the northern. It followed the Mis- sissi])pi south until the mouth of Red River was reached, when, turning ea.st, it followed almost a direct line to the Atlantic Coast, touching the coast a little north of the outlet of St. John's River. From this outline, it will be readily seen what boundary the United States possessed. Not oiie- half of its present domain. At this date, there existed the original thirteen colonies : A'irginia occupying all Kentucky and all the Northwest. .s;ive about half of Midiigan and Wisconsin. claimed by JIassachu.setts; and the upper part of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and the lower part (a narrow .strip) of Michigan, claimed by C'on- ni'cticut. Georgia inchuied all of Alaliania and Mississi]ipi. The Spaniards claimed all Florida and a narrow part of lower (leorgia. All tlu'coun- try west of the Father of Waiters belonged to Spain, to whom it had been secretly ceded when the liim- ily com]iact Wius made. That nation controlled the INIississippi, and gave no small uneasiness to the young government. It WiUs, however, ha]i]nly set- tled finally, by the sale of Louisana to the United States. Pending the settlement of these questions and the ibrmation of ihi' Federal Union, the cession of the Northwest by ^'irginia again came before Congress. That body found it.self unable to fulfill its promises to its .soldiers regarding lanclaware nations wen; given a re.serv.'it ion in the mirth jiarl of Oliio, where they wen; t(j be jirotccteil. Tlic others were allott<'d reservaticms in .Miciiigan. To all was given complete control of th(nr lands, allow- ing them to punish any white man altem|iling to settle thereon, and guaranteeing them in their rights. By such means Congress gained Indian titles to the vast realms north of the Ohio, and. a few months later, that legislation w. which re- sulted in the publication of a plan, and inviting all those interested, to meet in February in their re- spective counties, and choose delegates to a con- vention to be held at the " Bunch-of-grapes Tav- ern." in Boston, on the first of March, 1780. On the day appointed, eleven persons appeared, and by the 3d of March an outline was drawn up, and subscriptions under it began at once. The leading features of the plan were : '■ A fund of $1 ,(JO(l,()()0, mainly in Continental certificates, was to be raised for the purpose of purchasing lands in the Western country; there were to be 1,000 shares of $1,000 each, and upon each share $10 in specie were to be paid for contingent expenses. One year's inter- est was to be appropriated to the charges of making a settlement, and assisting those unable to move without aid. The owners of every twenty shares were to choose an agent to represent them and attend to their interests, and the agents were to choose the directors. The plan was approved, and in a year's time from that date, the Company was organized."* By the time this Company was organized, all claims of the colonies in the coveted territory were done away with by their deeds of cession, Connect- icut being the last. While troubles were still existing south of the Ohio River, regarding the navigation of the Mis- sissippi, and many urged the formation of a sepa- rate, independent State, and while Congress and Washington were doing what they could to allay the feeling north of the Ohio, the New England associates were busily engaged, now that a Com- pany was formed, to obtain the land they wished to purchase. On the 8th of March, 1787, a meet- ing of the agents chose Gen. Parsons, Gen. Put- nam and the Rev. Mannasseh Cutler, Directors for the Company. The last selection was fpiite a fitting one for si^ch an enterprise. Dr. Cutler was * HiBtorical Collectiona. 60 HISTORY OF OHIO. an acoonipHshed scholar, an excellent gentleman, anil a firm believer in freedom. In the choice of him a.s the agent of the Company, lies the fact, though iiiiforeseeu, of the beginning of anti-slavery in America. Through him the famous " compact of 1787," the true corner-stone of the Norlhwest, originated, and by him was safely passed. He was a good "wire-puller," too, and in this had an advantage. Mr. Ilutchins was at this time the geographer for the United States, and w'as, prob- ably, the best-posted man in America regarding the West. Dr. Cutler learned from him that the most desirable portions were on the Muskingum River, north of the Ohio, and wiis advised by him to buy there if ho could. Congress wanted money badly, and many of the members favored the ])lan. The Southern mt'ni- bers, generally, were hostile to it, as the Doctor would listen to no grant which did not embody the New England idi'as in the charter. These memliers were finally won over, some bribery be- ing used, and some of their favorites made officers of the Territory, whose formation was now going on. This took time, however, and Dr. Cutler, be- coming impatient, di'clared they would jiurcha.se from some of the States, who held small traet.s in various parts of the West. This intimation brought the tardy ones to time, and, on the 23d of July, Congre,ss authorized the Treasury Board to make the contract. On the 2(jth, Jlessrs. Cutler ami Sargent, on behalf of the Comjiany, .stated in writing their conditions; and on the 27th, Con- gress referred their letter to the Board, and an order of the .same date was obtained. Of this Dr. Cutler's journal says: '■ By this p-ant we obtained near five millions of acres of land, amounting to §:'...")( K 1,1 K Ml; l,.")(l(l,- 0(10 acres for tlu' Ohio Com|iany, and the remainder for a private speculation, in which many of the princijial characters of America ure concerne: HISTOEY OF OHIO. 67 1 7S0, wliich fixed the size of the States to be formed friim the ceded hinds, at one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles square. The t«rms of that resolu- tion being called up both by Virginia and Massa- chusetts, further legislation wa.s deemed necessary to change them. July 7, 178t!, this subject came up in Congress, and a resolution pa.ssed in favor of a division into not less than three nor UKjre than five States. Virginia, at the close of 178!:!, a.sseuted to this proposition, which became the basis upon which the division should be made. On the 2ilth of September, C'ongress having thus changed the plan for dividing the Northwestern Territory into ten States, proceeded again to consider the terms of an ordinance for the government of that region. At this juncture, the genius f>f Dr. Cutler displayed itself A graduate in medicine, law and divinity ; an ardent lover of liberty ; a celebrated scientist, and an accomjilished, portly gentleman, of whom the Southern senators said they had never before seen so fine a specimen from the New England colo- nies, no man was better prepared to form a goV(Tn- meut for the new Territory, than he. The Ohio Company was his real objc^ct. [le was backed by tliem, and enough Continental money to purchase more than a million acres of land. This was aug- mented by other parties until, as has been noticed, he rejjresented over five million acres. This would largely reduce the piublic doht. Jefferson and Vir- ginia were regarded as authority concerning the land Virginia had just ceded to the General Gov- ernment. Jefferson's policy was to provide for the national credit, and still cheek the growth of slavery. Here was a good opportunity. Massachu.setta owned the Territory of Maine, which she was crowd- ing into market. She ojiposed the opening of the Northwest. This stirreil A'irginia. The South caught the inspiration and rallied around the Old DominiciU and l)r. Cutler. Thereby he gained the credit and good will of the South, an auxiliary he used to good jiurpose. IMassaehusetts could not vote against him, because many of the constituents of her members were interested in the Ohio Com- pany. Thus the Doctor, using all the arts of the lobbyist, was enabled to hold the situation. True to deeper convictions, he dictated one of the most com- pact and finished documents of wise statesmanship that hiis ever adorned any statute-book. Jefferson gave it the term, " Articles of Compact," and rendered him valuable aid in its construction. This " Compact" preceded the Federal Constitution, in both of which are seen Jefferson's master-mind. Dr. Cutler followed closely the constitution of Mas- sachusetts, adopt«d three years before. The prom- inent features were : The exclusion of slavery from the Territory forever. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a seminary, and every six- teenth section. (That gave one thirty-sixth of all the land for public education.) A provision pro- hibiting the adoption of any coustitutidn or the enactment of any law that would nullify pre-exist- ing contracts. The compact further declared that " Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall always be en- couraged." The Doctor planted himself finnly on this plat- form, and would nut yield. It was that or nothing. Unless they could make the land desirable , it was not want«d, and, taking his horse and buggy, he started for the Constitutional Convention in Phil- adelphia. His influence succeeded. On the 13th of July, 1787, the bill was put upon its pa.ssage and was unanimously adopted. Every member trom the Smith voted for it ; only one man, Mr. Yates, of New York, voted against the measure ; but ;is the vote was made by States, his vote was lost, and the " Compact of 1787 " was beyond re- peal. Thus the great States of the Northwest Territory were consecrated to freedom, intelligenci! and morality. This act was the opening step for fi-eedom in America. Soon the South saw their blunder, and endeavored, by all their power, to re- peal the compact. In 1803, CongTe.ss referred it to a committee, of which John Randolph was chairman. He reported the m-diuance was a com- pact and could not be repealed. Thus it stood, like a roi-k, in the way of slavery, which still, in spite of these provisions, endeavored to plant that infernal institution in the West. Witness the early days of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. But the compact could not be violated ; New England ideas could not be put down, and her sons stood ready to defend the soil of the West fi'om that curse. The passage of the ordinance and the grant of land to Dr. Cutler and his associates, were soon fol- lowed by a re( piest fi-om John Cleve Symmes, of New Jersey, for the country between the Jliamis. Symmes had visited that part of the West in 178(i, and, being pleased with the valleys of the Shawa- nees, had applied to the Board of the Treasury for their purchase, as soon as they were open to set- tlement. The Board was empowered to act by Congress, and, in 1788, a contract was signed, giv- ing him the country he desired. The terms of his 4$^ 68 HISTORY OF OHIO. ])urcli;use wore similar to those of thf Ohio Com- pany. His apjilication was followed by others, whose success or failure will a]>pearin the narrative. The New England or Ohio Company was all this time busily engaged perfecting its arrange- ments to occupy its lands. The Directors agreed to reserve 5,760 acres near the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum for a city and commons, for the old ideas of the English plan of settling a country yet prevailed. A meeting of the Direct- ors was held at Bracket's tavern, in Boston, No- vember '-,i, 17S7, when four surveyors, and twen- ty-two attendants, boat-builders, carpenters, black- smiths and common workmen, numbering in all forty person.s, were engaged. Their tools were purchased, and wagons were obtained to transj)ort them acro.ss the mountains. Gen. Kufus I'utnam wits made superintendent of the company, and Ebenezer iSprout, of llliode Island, Anselm Tup- per and John Matthews, from Massachu.setts, and R. J. Meigs, from Connecticut, as surveyors. At the same meeting, a suitable person to instruct them in religion, and prepare the way to op(m a school when needed, was selected. This was Rev. Daniel Storey, who became the first New England minis- ter in the Northwest. The Indians were watching this outgrowth of affairs, and felt, from what tlu-y eould learn in Ken- tucky, that they would be gradually surrounded by the whites. This they did not relish, by any means, and gave the .settlements south of the Ohio no little uneasine.ss. It was thought best to hold another treaty with them. In the mean time, to insure peace, the Governor of \'irginia, and Con- gress, placed troo]>s at Venango, Forts I'itt and Mcintosh, and at Jliami, \'incennes, Louisville, and Muskingum, and the militia of Kentucky were held in r(!adiness should a sudden outbreak occur. These nii'asures produced no results, save insuring the safety of the whites, and not until .January, 17S'.I, was Clarke able to carry out his plans. Puring that month, he held a meeting at Fort llarmar,* at the mouth of the Muskingum, where the .New England Colony expected to locate. The hostili' character of the Indians did not deter tln^ Ohio Company from carrying out ils plans. In the winter of 17S7, Gen. Kufus Fut- •Fort Harmnr w»«l.uill In 178.'i,1>y adi-lnchnicnt ol IInit«l St«tp« ■oldieni, uniltT cuiiriiund iif Maj. John l>uni;)it.v. It wjih nnnioj In honur of Col. Josiiih liitrniHr, to wlnwv n-K it Maj. l>on(;bt,v waa attachi'd. It wiw the flrnt niilitar>' pout cnTtcil hy thw Amcricftiia wlt'iin th.' llmitiior Ohio, cxcppt Fort Lftiirenn, ii tcnijxinir.v atruct- iiro hiiill in 1778. Whi-n Maricttu wiia foundfi) it waa tin- military IHiat of that part of the country, and was for many yean an ilDpor- tAiit Btatlun. nam and forty-seven pioneers advanced to the mouth of the Ytiughiogheny River, and began building a boat for tran.sjMirtation down the Ohio in the spring. The boat was the largest crafl that had ever descended tile river, and. in allusion t;(]t thirty pi'oplc and eight four-hor. "V ^ HISTORY or OHIO. 71 gave him and his associates 248,540 acres, exelu- sive of reservations wliieh amounted to (53,142 acres. This tract was bounded by the Ohio, the two iMiauiis and a due eiist and west Hue run so as to inchide the desired quantity. Synimes, how- ever, made no further payments, and the rest of his purchase reverted to the United States, who gave those who had bought under him ample pre- emption rights. The Government wa.s able, also, to give him and his colonists but little aid, and as danger from hos- tile Indians was in a measure imminent (though all the natives were friendly to Symmes), settlers were slow to come. However, the baud led by Mr. Stites arrived before the 1st of January, 1789, and locating themselves near the mouth of the Little Miami, on a tract of 10,1100 acres which Mr. Stites had purchased from Symmes, formed the second settlement in Ohio. They were soon afterward joined by a colony of twenty-sis persons, who assisted them to erect a block-house, and gather their corn. The town was named Columbia. While here, the great flood of January, 1789, oc- curred, which did much to ensure the future growth of Losantiville, or mcM'e properly, Cincin- nati. Sj'mmes Cit}', which was laid out near the mouth of the Great Miami, and which ho vainly strove to make the city of the future, 3IarieMa and Columbia, all suflFered severely by this flood, the greatest, the Indians said, ever known. The site of Cincinnati was not overflowed, and hence attracted the attention of the settlers. Denman's warrants had designated his purchase as opposite the mouth of the Licking; and that point escap- ing the overflow, late in December the place was visited by Israel Ludlow, Symmes' surveyor, Mr. Patterson and Mr. Denman, and about fourteen oth- ers, who left Maysville to "form a station and lay oft' a town opposite the Licking." The river was filled with ice "from shore to shore;" but, says Symmes in May, 1789, " Per.severance triumphing over difficulty, and they landed safe on a most de- lightful bauk of the Ohio, where they founded the town of Losantiville, which populates consid- erably." The settlers of Losantiville built a few log huts and block-houses, and proceeded to im- prove the town. Synumes, noticing the location, says; "Though they placed their dwellings in the most marked position, yet they suffered nothing from the freshet." This would seem to give cre- dence to Judge Burnett's notes regarding the origin of Cincinnati, who states the settlement was made at this time, and not at the time mentioned when ^Ir. Filson named the town. It is further tii be noticed, that, before the town was located by Mr. Ludlow and ]\Ir. Patterson, Mr. Filson had been killed by the Miami Indians, and, as he had not paid for his one-third of the site, the claim was sold to Mr. liudlow, who thereby became one of the origi- nal owners of the place. Just what day the town was laid out is not recorded. All the evidence tends to show it must have been late in 1788, or early in 1789. While the settlements on the north side of the Ohio were thus progressing, south of it fears of the Indians prevailed, and the separation sore was kept open. The country was, however, so torn by internal factions that no plan was likely to suc- ceed, and to this fact, in a large measure, ma}' lie credited the reason it did not secede, or join the Spanish or French faction, both of which were intriguing to get the commonwealth. During this year the treasonable acts of James Wilkinson came into view. For a while he thought success was in his gra.sp, but the two governments were at peace with America, and discountenanced any such efforts. Wilkinson, like all traitors, relapsed into nonentity, and became mistru.sted by the govern- ments he attempted to befriend. Treason is al- ways odious. It will be borne in mind, that in 1778 prepa- rations had been made for a treaty with the Indi- ans, to secure peaceful possession of the lands owned in the West. Though the whites held these by purchase and treaty, yet many Indians, especially the Wabash and some of the Miami In- dians, objected to their occupation, claiming the Ohio boundary as the original division line. Clarke endeavored to obtain, by treaty at Fort Harmar, in 1778, a confirmation of these grants, but was not able to do so till January, 9, 1789. Rep- resentatives of the Sis Nations, and of the Wyan- dots, Delawares, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawato- mies and Sacs, met him at this date, and confirmed and extended the treaties of Fort Stanwis and Fort Mcintosh, the one in 1784, the other in 1785. This secured peace with the most of them, save a few of the Wabash Indians, whom they were compelled to com pier by arms. When this was accomplished, the borders were thought safe, and ^'irginia projiosed to withdraw her aid in suj>- port of Kentucky. This opened old troubles, and the separation dogma came out afresh. Virginia offered to allow the erection of a separate State, providing Kentucky would assume part of the old debts. This the young commonwealth would not ;\^ 72 HISTORY OF OHIO. do, and sent a remonstrance. Virginia withdrew the proposal, and ordered a ninth cotiveiiliim, whieh siieceeded in evolving a phm whereby Ken- tueky took her phice aninnj;' the free States of tiie Union. North of tlic Ohio, the pro.sperity eontiriued. In 178;i, Ucv. Daniel Story, who had been ap- pointed ini.s.sionary to the West, came out aa a teacher of the youth and a preacher oi' the Gospel. Dr. Cutler had preceded hiui, not in the capacity of a minister, thoufrh he had preachetl ; hence Mr. Story is truly the first missionary from the Prot- estant Church who came to the Oliio Viilley in that capacity. When he came, iu 17Sil, he found nine a.s.sociations on the Oliio Company's purchase, comprising two hundred ami titty persons in all ; and, by the close of ITl'O, eij^ht settlement.s had been made; two at Bel])re (belle prairie), one at Newbury, one at Wolf Creek, one at Duck Creek, one at the mouth of iMi'ijis' Creek, one at Ander- son's Bottom, and one at Bij; Bottcjm. An ex- tended sketch of all these settlements will be found farther on in tiiis volume. Symmes had, all this time, strenuously endeav- ored to get his city — called Cloves City — favorably noticed, and filled with j)eople. He saw a rival in Cincinnati. That place, if made military head- quarters to |)rotect the Miami Valley, would out.- rival his town, situated near the bend of the Miami, near its mouth. On the 15th of June, Judge Symmes received news that the Wabash Indians threatened the Miami .settlements, and as he had received only nineteen men for defen.se, he applied for more. Before .July, Maj. Douirhty arrived at the "Slaughter llou.si^" — as the Miami was sometimes called, owing to previous munh^rs that had, at former times, occurred therein. Through the influence of Symmes, the detach- ment laniled at the North Bend, and, for awhile, it wiis thought the fort would he erected there. This was what Synnnes wanted, a.s it would secure him the head()uarters of the military, and aid in getting the headi|uartors of the civil gov- ernment. The truth was, however, that neither the propo.sed city on tlii' .Miami — North Bend, lus it afterward liecame known, from it,s location — or South Bend, could coinpeto, in point of natural advantages, with the plain on which Cincinnati is built. Had Fort Washington beiMi built elsewhere, atU'r the clo.se of th V 74 HISTORY OF OHIO. 300 militia were to rendezvous at Fort Steuben (Jcffersoiivillc), in;ircli thcnei^ to Fort Knox, at Vinceniies, and juiii .Maj. IIumtraUK-k in an expe- dition iif) tlie Waliasli ; 701) were to rendezvous at Fort Wasliinj^tun to join the regular army against the MaumiHi towns. While St. Clair was forming his army and ar- ranging for the campaign, three expeditions were sent out against the Miami towns. One again.st the Miami villages, not far from the Wabash, was led by (ien. llarmar. He had in his army about fourteen hundred men, regulars and militia. These two parts of the army eould not be made to aftili- ate, and, ;us a eonsefjuenee, the expedition did little beyond burning the villages and deistroying corn. The militia would not submit to discipline, and would not serve under regular officers, it will be seen what this .spirit led to when St. Clair went on his march soon after. The Indians, emboldened by the meager success of Harmar's command, continued their deproda- dations against the t)hio settlements, destroying the community at Hig Bottom. To hold them in check, and also i)unisli them, an army under Charles Scott went against the Waba.sh Indians. Little was done here but destroy towns and the standing corn. In July, another arm}', under Col. Wilkin- son, was sent against the Fel River Indians. He- coming entangled in extensive niora.sses on the river, the army became eM fiirtress. (jcn. Knox, the Secretary of War, al.so favored the j)lan, and gave instructions con- cerning it. Under these instructions, St. Clair organized his forces as rapidly as he could, although the numerous drawbacks almost, at times, threat- ened the defeat of the campaign. Through the summer the; arms and accouterments of the army were put in readiness at Fort Wa.shiugton. Many- were found to be of the poorest (juality, and to be badly out fif repair. The militia came poorly armeriuciiial (piestion. The natives, with one accord, declared it must be the Ohio River. An address Wiis ])re])ared, and sent to the President, wherein their views were stated, and agreeing to abstain from all lio.stilities, until they could nie<'t again in the sjjring at the rapids of the Mauincc, and there consult with their white brothers. They desired the President to .send agents, "who are men of honesty, not prouth, bring- ing with him a deputation of twenty chiefs from the council. The next day, a conf'erenci' was held, and the chief of the Wyandots, Sa-wagh-da-wnnk, prcsentcnl to the commi.-^sioners, in writing, their exjilicit demand in regard to the boundary, and their ])urjioses and powers. "The Ohio must be the boundary," saiil he, " or blood will flow." The commissicmers returned an answer to the propositicm brought by the chiefs, rccaiiitulating tlie treaties already made, and denying the Ohio as the boundary line. On the Kith of August, the council sent them, by tvio Wyandot runners, a final answer, in which they recapitulated their lii^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 77 former assertions, and exhibited great powers of reasoning and clear logic in defense of their po- sition. The commissioners reply that it is inipos- blo to accept the Ohio as the boundary, and declare the negotiation at an end. This closed the efforts of the Government to ne- gotiate with the Indians, and there remained of necessity no other mode of settling the dispute but war. Liberal terms had been offered them, but nothing but the boundary of the Ohio Kiver Would suffice. It was the only conditinn upon wliich the confederation would lay down its arms. " Among the rude -statesmen of the wilderness, there was exhibited as pure patriotism and as lofty devotion to the good of their race, as ever won ap- plause among civilized men. The white man had, ever since he came into the country, been encroach- ing on their lands. lie had long occupied the regions beyond the mountains. lie had crushed the conspiracy formed by Pontiac, thirty years be- fore. He had taken possession of the common hunting-gTound of all the tribes, on the faith of treaties they did not acknowledge. lie was now laying out settlements and building forts in the heart of the country to which all the tribes had been driven, and which now was all they could call their own. And now they asked that it should be guaranteed to them, that the boundary which tlii'y had so long asked for should be drawn, and a final cud be made to the continual aggressions of the whites; or, if not, they solemnly determined to stake their all, against fearful odds, in defense of their homes, their country and the iidieritance of their children. Nothing could be more patriotic than the position they occupied, and nothing could be more noble than the declarations of their council."* They did not know the strength of the whites, and based thinr success on the victories already gained. They hoped, nay, were promised, aid from tiie British, and even the Spanish had held out to them assurances of help when the hour of conflict came. The Americans were not disposed to yield even to the confederacy of the tribes backed by the two rival nations, forming, as Wayne characterized it, a " hydra of British,, Spanish and Indian hostility." On the IGth of August, the commissioners re- ceived the final answer of the council. The 17th, they lefV the mouth of the Detroit Kiver, and the 2:!<1, arrived at Fort Erie, where they immediately * Annals of the West. dispatched messengers to Gen. Wayne to inform him of the issue of the negotiation. Wayne had spent the winter of 1792-98, at Legionville, in col- lecting and organizing his army. April 30, 1793, the army moved down the river and encamped at a point, called by the soldiers " Hobson's choice," because fi'om the extreme height of the river they were prevented fi-om landing elsewhere. Here AVayne was engaged, during the negotiations for jieace, in drilling his soldiers, in cutting roads, and collecting supplies for the army. He was ready for an immediate campaign in case the council failed in its object. While here, he sent a letter to the Secretary of War, detailing the circumstances, and suggesting the probable course he should follow. He re- mained here during the summer, and, when apprised of the issue, saw it was too late to attempt the campaign then. He sent the Kentucky militia home, and, with his regular soldiers, went into winter quarters at a fort he built on a tributary of the Great Miami. He called the fort Green- ville. The present town of Greenville is near tbe site of the fort. During the winter, he sunt a de- tachment to visit the scene of St. Clair's defeat. They found more than six hundred skulls, and were obliged to "scrape the bones together and carry them out to get a place to make their beds." They buried all they could find. Wayne was steadily preparing his forces, so as to have every- thing ready for a sure blow when the time came. All his information showed the faith in the British which still animated the doomed red men, and gave them a hope that could end only in defeat. The conduct of the Indians fully corroborated the statements received by Gen. Wayne. On the 30th of June, an escort of ninety riflemen and fifty dragoons, under command of Maj. WcMahon, was attacked under the walls of Fort Recovery by a force of more than one thousand Indians under charge of Little Turtle. They were rei)ulsed and badly defeated, and, the next day, driven away. Their mode of action, their arms and ammunition, all told plainly of British aid. They also ex- pected to find the cannon lost by St. Clair Novem- ber 4, 1791, but which the Americans had secured. The 26th of July, Gen. Scott, with 1,G00 mounted men from Kentucky, joined Gen. Wayne at Fort Greenville, and, two days after, the legion moved forward. The 8th of August, the army reached the junction of the Auglaize and Mau- mee, and at once proceeded to erect Fort Defiance, where the waters meet. The Indians had abandoned -^ 78 HISTORY OF OHIO. their towns on the approach of the army, and were eongregating further iiortliward. While engaged on Fort Defiance, Waj'ne received coutiniial and full rej)ort8 of the Indians — • of their aid from Detroit and elsewhere; of the nature of the ground, and the circumstances, favorable or unfavorable. From all he could learn, and coiisideriMg the spirits of his army, now thorouglily disciplined, he detennined U) march forward and settle matters at once. Yet, true to his own instinct.s, and to the mea.sures of peace , so forcibly taught by Washington, he sent ("liristopher Miller, who had been naturalized among the Shawanees, and taken prisoner Ijy AVayne's spies, as a messenger of peace, offering terms of friendship. Unwilling to waste time, the troops began to move forward the lath of August, atid the next day met Miller with the message that if the Amer- icans would wait ten days at Auglaize the Indians would decide fiir pcace»or war. Wayne knew too well the Indian character, and answered the mes- sage by simply marching ou. The ISth, the legion had advanced furty-oiie miles fnim Auglaize, and, being near the lung-looked-for foe, began to take some mea.sures for prote crushed. It is to bi' hoped that ever thus will be its fiite. " The llnioii is inse)ia- rable, " said the Government, ami the people echoed the words. During the war, and while all these events had been transpiring, settk'ments had been taking jjlace upon the Ohio, which, in their influence upon the Northwest, and especially upon the State, as soon aa it Wius created, were deeply felt. The \'irginia and the Connecticut Reserves were at this time jieopled, and. also, that part of the Miami \'allw Haven and elsewhere. The.se lands thereby becanii' known as " Fire lands" and the •Suflerers lands," and were located in the wt«tern ]iart of the Reserve. In May, 17!I5, the Connecticut lii'gislature authorized a eonnnittee to dispo.se of the remainder of the Reserve. Refore autumn the eonmiittee .sold it to a com]iany known as the Connecticut Land Company for §1,2(10,000, and about the 5th of September quit-claimed the land to the Comjiany. The same day the Company received it, it sold 8,000,000 acres to John Mor- gan, John Caldwi'll and Jonathan Brace, in trust. Upon these (put-claim titles of the land all deeds in the Reserve are biused. Surveys were com- menced in IVIK), and, by the close of the next year, all the laud east of the Cuyahoga was divided into townships five nules .s(|uarc. The agent of the Connecticut jjand Company was (Jen. Moses Cleve- land, and in his honor the leading city of the Re- serve was named. That townshi]i and five others were re.serveil for private sale; the balance were dis])o.sed of by lottery, the first drawing occurring in February, 17il8. Dayton resulted from the treaty made by Wayne. It came out of the IxMimlary a.seribed to Symme.s, and for a while all such lands were not recognized as sold by Congress, owing to the failure of Symmes and his a.s.soeiates in j)aying for them. Thereby there existed, for a time, considerable un- easiness regarding the title to these lands. In 17!'!l, Congress was induced to issue patents to the actual .settlers, and thus .secure them in their pre- em]ition. Sevent<'en days after Wayne's treaty, St. Clairs Wilkinson, Jonathan Dayton anil Israel Ludlow contracted with Symmes for the seventh and eighth HISTORY OF OHIO. 83 ranges, between Mad River and the Little Miami. Three .settlements were to be made: one at the mouth of Mad River, one on the Little Miami, in the seventh ranue, and another on Mad River. On the 21 St of September, 17115, Daniel C Cooper started to survey and mark out a road in the pur- chase, and John Dunlap to run its boundaries, which was ecjmpletetl before October 4. On No- vember 4, Mr. Ludlcpw laid off the town of Day- ton, which, like land in the C'onueclicut Reserve, was sold by lottery. A gigantic scheme to purchase eighteen or twenty million acres in Michigan, and then pro- cure a good title from the Government — who alone had Such a right to procure land — by giving mem- bers of Congress an interest in the investment, appeared shortly after Wayne's treaty. When some of the members were approached, however, the real spirit of the scheme appeared, and, instead of gaining ground, led to the exposure, resulting in the reprimanding severely of Robert Randall, the principal mover in the whole plan, and in its speedy disappearance. Another enterprise, equally gigantic, also ap- peared. It was, however, legitimate, and hence successful. On the 20th of February, ll^b, the North American Land Company was formed in Philadelphia, under the management of such pat- riots as Robert Morris, John Nicholson and James Greenleaf. This Company purchased large tracts in the West, which it disposed of to actual settlers, and thereby aided greatly in populating that part of the country. Before the close of 1795, the Governor of the Territory, and his Judges, published si.Kty-four statutes. Thirty-four of these were adopted at Cincinnati during June, July and August of that year. They were known as the Maxwell code, from the name of the publisher, but were passed by Governor St. Clair and Judges Symmes and 'furner. Among them was that which provided that the common law of England, and all its stat- utes, made previous to the fourth year of James the First, should be in full force within the Terri- tory. "Of the system as a whole," says Mr. Case, " with its many imperfections, it may be doubted that any colony, at so early a period after its first establishment, ever had one so good and applicable to all." The LTnion had now safely passed through its most critical period after the close of the war of independence. The danger from an irruption of its own members; of a war or alliance of its AVest- ern portion with France and Spain, and many other perplexing questi(ins, were now effectually settled, and the population of the Territory began rapidly to increa.se. Before the close of the year 17'.'(i, the Northwest contained over five ihousiind inhabitants, the requisite number to entitle it to one representative in the national Congress. Western Pennsylvania also, despite the various conliicting claims regarding the land titles in that part of tin: State, began raiiidly to till with emigrants. The "Triangle" and the '-Struck District ' were surveyed and put ujion the market under the act of 1792.. Treaties and purchases from the various Indian tribes, obtained control of the remainder of the lands in thai part of the State, and, by 1796, the State owned all the land within its boundaries. Towns were laid off, laud put upon the market, so that by the year ISOO, the western part of the Keystone State was divided into eight counties, viz., Beaver, Butler, fiercer, Crawford, Erie, Warren, Venango and Armstrong. The ordinance relative to the survey and dis- posal of lands in the Northwest Territory has already been given. It was adhered to, save in minor cases, where necessity re((uired a slight change. The reservations were recognized by Congress, and the titles to them all confirmed to the grantees. Thus, Clarke and his men, the Connecticut Reserve, the Refugee lands, the French inhabitants, and all others holding patents to land from colonial or foreign governments, were all confirmed in their rights and protected in their titles. Before the close of 1796, the upper North- western posts Were all vacated by the British, under the terms of Mr. Jay's treaty. Wayne at once transferred his headquarters to Detroit, where a county was named for him, including the north- western part of Ohio, the northeast of Indiana, and the whole of Michigan. The occupation of the Territory by the Ameri- cans gave additional impulse to emigration, and a better feeling of security to emigrants, who fol- lowed closely upon the path of the army. Na- thaniel Mas.'^ie, who has already been noticed as the founder of Manchester, laid out the town of Chillicothe, on the Scioto, in 1796. Before the close of the year, it contained several stores, Rho]is, a tavern, and was well populated. With the increase of settlement and the security guar- anteed by the treaty of Greenville, the arts of civilized life began to appear, and their influence upon pioneers, especially those born on the frontier, :^ 84 HISTOKY OF OHIO. Iici;aii (o manifest itself. Better ilnellinu-.s, schools, eluirehes, dre.s.s aud uianuers jirevailed. Life bejian to assume a realit}', and lost much of that recklessuesd engendered by the habits of a frontiiT life. Cli^veland, Cincinnati, the ]\Iiami, the Mus- kingum and the Scioto Valleys were filling with ]ieiijile. Cincinnati had more than one hundred log cabins, twelve or fifteen frame hou.ses and a ]i()|)ulation of more than six hundred ]» isons. In 171)0, the first house of worship tiir tlie Presby- terian.s in that city was built. Before the close of the same year, INIanchester contained over thirty families ; emigrants fi-om \'irginia were going up all the valleys from the Ohio; and Kbenezer Zane had opened a bridle- jiath from the Ohio Biver, at Wheeling, across the country, by Chillieothe, to Limestone, Ky. The next year, the United States mail, fiir the first time, traversed this route to the West. Zane was given a section of land for his jiath. The pojiu- lation of the Territory, estimated at from five to eight thousand, was chiefl}' distributed in lower valleys, bordering on the Ohio Biver. The French .still occupied the Illinois country, and were the principal inhabitants about Detroit. South of the Ohio Biver, Kentucky was pro- greasing favorably, while the " Southwestern Ter- ritory," ceded to the United States by North Carolina in 17!I0, had so rapidly p Congress, against the pro- posed boundary. Wlide Wortbiiigton was on his way, Ma.ssie presented, the 4th of .January, 1802, a re.solution for choosing a connnittee to address Congress in respect to the proposed State govern- ment. This, the next day, the House refused to do, by a vote of twelve to five. An attempt was next mside to procure a census of the Ter- ritory, and an act for th.it ptirpose pa.s.sed the House, but the Council ])ostpcined the c(msidera- tion of it until the next session, which would com- mence at Cincinnati, the fourth Monday of No- vember. .^I^'anwhile, Worthington pursued the ends of his nii.ssion, using his influence to effect that organ- ization, •which, terminating the influence of tyr- anny," wa.s to '■mclinralethe circumstances of thou- sands, by freeing them from the doniinalinn of a despotic chiel'." His cffort.s were 8ucccs.sful, and, the -tth of .March, a report was made to tlie Hou.ic in favor of authorizing a State convention. This report Wiis biuscd on the a.s,sumptiim that there were now over sixty thousand inhabitants in the prnpiKi d liiiuiidarii s. isfiniatiiiL.' that emigration had iuereiuscd the census of ISOO, which gave the Ter- ritory fort}-five thousand inhabitants, to that num- ber. The convention wa.s to a.scertain whether it were expedient to form such a government, and to prepare a constitution if such organization were deemed best. In the formation of the State, a change in the boundaries was proposed, by which all the territory north of a line drawn due east from the head of Ijake .Michigan to ]>ake Krie was to be excluded from the new gnttcntii)n U> itnlilicnlTBin<, to llicdclriniont of Itin nwii l)i]«tTi(.S8. n.' jin-K.-nli'd ft clniiii tn CoiiKn-M, ftflprward, for Bupplii-r* furnl*lied to til" Hfniy, Imt till, rluim wa« nntUwpcl. Aft*T trying in Tnin to Ret till* rliiim aUnwctl, he ri'turncd to hin h;in. In 1818, it became a State, and \\'isconsin a Territory at- tached to Michigan. This latter was made a State in 1837, and Wisconsin a separate Territory, which, in 1847, was made a State. Minnesota was made a Territory the same year, and a Stale in 1857, and the five contemplated States of the territory were complete. Preceding pages have shown how the territory north of the C)liio River was peopled by the French and English, and how it came under the rule of the American people. The war of the Revolution clo.sed in 1783, and left all America in the hands of a new nation. That nation brought a change. Before the war, various attempts had been made by residents in New England to people the country west of the Alleghanies. Land com- panies were firmed, principal among which were the Ohio Company', and the company of which John Cleves Symmes was the agent and chief owner. Large tracts of land on the Scioto and on the Ohio were entered. The Ohio Company were the first to make a settlement. It was or- ganized in the autumn of 1787, November 27. They made arrangements fi)r a (larty of forty-seven men to set out for the West under the supervision of Gen. Rufus Putnam, Superintendent of the Com- pany. Early in the winter they advanced to the Youghiogheny River, and there built a strong boat, which they named ■■ Mayflower." It was built by Capt. Jonathan Dcvol. the first .ship-builder in the West, and, when completed, was placed under his command. The boat was launched April 2, 1788, and the band of pioneers, like the Pilgrim Fathers, began their voyage. The 7th of the month, they arrived at the mouth of the Muskingum, \ 90 HISTORY OF OHIO. their dcstinatiou, opposite Fort Harinar,* ereeted in the autuum of 1785, by a dota<;hment of United States troops, under eowmand of Maj. John Doughty, and, at the date of the Mayflower's arrival in possession of a company of soldiers. Under the protection of these troops, the little band of men began their labor of laying out a town, and commenced to erect houses for their own and subseijuent emigrants' occupation. The namas of these pioneers of Ohio, a,s far as can now be learni'd. are as follows: Gen. Putnam, Return Jonathan Meigs, Win- throp iSargeant ( Secretary of the Ti'rritury ), Judges Parsons and Varnum, Capt Dana, Cajit. Jonathan Devol, Joseph Barker, Col. iJatti'lle, .Maj. Tyler, Dr. True, Capt. W'm. tiray, Capt. Lunt, the Bridges, Ebenezer and Thomas Cory, Andrew Mc- Clure, Wm. Mason, Thomas Lord, Wm. Gridley, Gilbert Devol, Moody Russels, Deavens, Oakes, Wright, Clough, Green, Shipman, Dorance, the M;u-ons, and others, whose names are now be- yond recall. On the Ulth of July, the first boat of families arrived, after a nine-weeks journey on the way. They had traveled in their wagons as far as Wheel- ing, where they built largi; flat-boats, into which the}' loaded their eft'ects, inchiding th»ir cattle, and thence passed down the; Ohio to their destination. The families were tho.se of Gen. Tupi)er, Col. lehabod Xye, Col. Cu.shing, Maj. Coburn, and Maj. Goodal. In these titles the reader will ob- serve the preponderance of military distinction. Many of the titunders of the colony laid scr\'ed with much valor in the war for freeiloni, and were well ]irepared for a life in the wilderness. They began at once the construction of houses from the forests about the confluence of the rivers, guarding their stoc^k by day and penning it by night. Wolves, bears and Indians were all atxnit them, and, here in the remot<^ wildenie.ss. they were obliged to always be on tln'ir guard. From the ground where tlu'y obtained the linilier to erect their liou.se.s, they .soon produced a lew vegetables, and when the faiiiilies arrived in Augu.st, they were able to set bel'ore thcni Ibod raised lor the *Thn outlinos of Fort HArmur formic] a reKular pentagon, «mbnLctng within tho area about tbree-roiirthjt of an acre. ilH wftlU vft'Tr torni'>4l of liirni* borizontjil timhor*. anrl llii- l>iiHlion« of larn" iipriKbttirobeniftlHmt fourteen feet in height, (ni(ten''■ nlriim <'f timber, iree-nwile'l int-i eacli pieltet. In tin- rear of the f.irt MiiJ. noii(;bty laid out tine gnrdens. It rontlnued to be ticcupiwl by riilted StAtea tnwptt until September l7'.io. wben they werectrrlereil t'lCinrlnnati. A company, uniter Oipt. Haaltell, eontinued to nmlte til., fort tbeir heaibpiarlent (luring the Indian war, -jiaionally at-HiiitinK tlie rolonii«t4 at .Marietta, Belpre and Wnterfonl aRiiinxt tti" liidlanit. Wben not needed by the troopfl, tba fort waa uaed by the people of Marietta. first time by the hand of American citizens in the Ohio N'alley. One of those who came in August, was Mr. Thomas (iuthrie, a settler in one of the western counties of Penn.sylvania, who brought a bushel of wheat, which he sowed on a plat of ground cleared by him.self, and from which that fall he procured a small crop of wheat, the first grown in the State of Ohio. The Marietta .settlement was the only one made that summer in tin; Territory, h'roiii their arrival until October, when Govenmr St. Clair came, they were busily eni])loyed making houses, and prepar- ing for the winter. The little colony, of which Wiuihingtou wrote .so fiivoralily. met on the 2d day of Jul}', to name their newlmrii eit}' and its pub- lic sqares. Until now it had been known as ''The Muskingum " simply, but on that day the name Marietta was formally given to it, in honor of Ma- rie Antoinette. The 4th of July, an ovation was held, and an oration delivered by James M. \'ar- nuni, who, with S. H. Parsons and John Arm- strong, had Ijcen appointed Judges of the Terri- tory. Thus, in the heart of the wilderness, miles away from any kindred po.st, in the (()rest8 of the Great West, was the Tree of Liberty watered and given a hearty gi'owth. On the morning of the Dth of July, Governor St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to a.ssume form. The ordinance of ITS" had provided for a form of government under the Guvernor and the three Judges, and this form was at once put into force. The 2.")th, the fii-st law relating to the militia was ]iublished, and the next daj* the (lov- crnor's proclamation ajipeared, creating all the country that had been ceded by the Indians, east of the Scioto River, into tlu^ t^ounty of Washing- ton, and the civil machinery was in motion. From that time forward, this, the ])ioneer settlement in Ohio, went on prosjM^rously. The 'Jd of Septem- ber, the first court in the Territory was helii, but ;us it I'elateil to the Territory, a narrative of its pro- ceedings will be fcmii-trong block-liouse, surmounted by a tower, and a sentry box. These houses were twenty feet scjuare below and twenty- four feet square above, and projected six feet be- yond the walls of the fort. The intermediate walls were made up with dwelling-houses, made of wood, whose ends were whip-sawed into timbers four inches thii'k. and of the requisite width and length. These were laid up similar to the structure of log houses, with the ends nicely dove-tailed together. The whole were two stories high, and covered with shingle roofs. Convenient chimne\s were erected of bricks, for cooking, and warming the rooms. A number of the dwellings were built and owned by individuals who had families. In the west and south fronts were strong gateways ; and over the one in the center of the front looking to the JIus- kingum River, was a belfry. The chamber beneath was occupied by Winthrop Sargeant, a.s an office, he being Secretary to the Governor, and perform- ing the duties of the office during St. Clair's ab- sence. This room projected over the gatewa}', like a block-house, and was intended for the protection of the gate beneath, in time of an assault. At the outer corner of each block-house was erected a bastion, standing on four stout timbers. The floor of the bastion was a little above the lower story of the block-house. They were square, and built up to the height of a man's head, so that, when he looked over, ho stepped on a narrow platform or " banquet " running around the .sides of the bulwark. Port-holes were made, for musketry as well as for artillery, a single piece of which was mounted in the southwest and northeast bastions. In these, the sentries were regularly posted every night, as more convenient than the towers ; a door leading into them from the upper story of the block-houses. The lower room of the southwest block-house was occupied a.s a guard-house. " Running from corner to corner of the block- houses was a row of palisades, sloping outward, :f* HISTORY OF OHIO. and resting on stout rails. Twenty feet in advance of these, was a row of very strong and large pick- ets, set upright in the earth. Gateways through the.se, admitted the inmates of the garrison. A few feet beyond the row of outer palisades Wius placed a row of abattis, made from the tojis and branches of trees, sharpened and pointing outward, so tiiat it would have been very difficult fi)r an enemy to have penetrated within their outworks. The dwelling-houses occupied a s])ace Jriim fiileen to thirty feet each, and were sufficient for the ac- commodation of forty (jr fifty families, and did actually contain from two hundred to tliree hun- dred persons during the Indian war. " Before the Indiaas commenced ho.stilities, the block-houses were occupied as fullows : The south- west one, by the family of (iov. St. Clair; the northeast one as an office for the Directors of the ('iim]iany. The area within the walls was one hundred and forty-four feet S((uare, and affiirded a fine parade ground. In tlu^ center, w;i.s a well eighty feet in depth, for the su])ply of water to the inhabitants, in case of a siege. A large sun-dial siiidd for many years in the s(|uare, placed on a hand.some post, and gave note of the march nf time. " After the war commenced, a regular military corps was organized, and a guard constantly kept night and day. The whole establishment formed a very strong work, and reflected great credit on the lu'ad that planned it. It was in a manner im- pregnable to the attack.s of Iiulians, and none but a regular army with cannon could have reduced it. The Indians pos.ses.sed no such an armament. " Tlu^ garrisiin st^od on the verge of that beauti- ful plain overlooking the Muskingum, on which are .seated tho.se celebrated remains of antiipiilv, erecleru]it descent to the river bottoms or alluvium, and the east pa.s.seil out to a level plain. On this, the ground was cleared of trees beyond the reach of rifle shot.s, so an to afford no shelter to a hidden foe. Extensive fields of corn were grown in the midst of the standing girdled trees be- ycuid, in after years. The front wall of palisades was about one hundred and fifty yards from the .\IuskinL'um Uiver. The a)ppearam!e of the fort from without was imposing, at a little di.stance re- .•icinbliug the military castles of the fi'udal ages. I?clwccn the (mter palisades and the river were laid out neat gardens for the use of Gov. St. Clair and his Secretary, with the officers of the Ctmi- pany. "Opposite the fort, (HI the shore of the river. w;is built a substantial timber wharf, at which was moored a fine cellar barge for twelve rowers, built by Capt. Jonathan Di'vol, for Gen. Putnam ; a number of pirogues, an' Ca.stle, were Cols. Cushing and Fisher, Maj. Has- kell, A.aron Waldo Putnam, iMr. Sparhawk, and, it is believed, George and Israel Putnam, Jr. At the lower, were Maj. Goodale, Col. Rice, Ksfjuire Pierce, Judge Israel lioring. Deacon Miles. ^IaJ. Bradford and Mr. Goodeiiow. In the summer of 178!), Col. Ichahod Nye and some others, built a block-hoiise at Newlx-riy, below Belpre. Col. Nye sold his lot there to Aaron W. Clough, who. with Ste]ilien Guthrie, Joseph Leavins, Joel Oakes, Eleazer Curtis, 3Ir. Denham J. Littleton and Mr. Brown, w;us located at that place. '' Every exertion possible, " says Dr. Ilildreth, who ha.s preserved the above names and incidents. ■^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 93 " for men in these circumstances, was made to se- cure fiiud for future difficulties. Col. Oliver, Maj. Hatfield "White and John Dod^e, of the Water- ford settlement, began mills on Wolf Creek, about three miles trom the f irt, and .ant tlicra runiiinij;; and these, the first mills in Ohio, were never de- stroyed during the subse(|uent Indian war, though the proprietors n-moved their fauiiles to the fort at Marietta. Col. E. Sjiroat and Enoch Shep- herd began mills on Duck Creek, three miles from Marietta, thnii the completion of which they were driven by the Indian war. Thomas Stanley be- gan mills forther up, near the I)uck Creek settle mcnt. These were likewise unfinished. The Ohio Company built a large horse mill near Campus Martius, and soon after a floating mill." The autumn before the settlements at Bclpro, Duck Creek and Waterhird, were made, a colony was planted near the mouth of the Little iMianii River, on a tract of ten thousand acres, ])urchascd froiuSymmes by ^laj. Benjamin Stites. Inthcpre- eeding pages luay be found a history of Symmes' purchase. This colony may be counted the second S('ttlement in the State. Soon after the colony at JIarietta was founded, steps were taken to occupy separate portions of Judge Sj'mmes' jiurcha.se, be- tween the Miami Ilivers. Three parties were formed for this pur])ose, but, owing to various delays, chiefly in getting the present colony stead- fast and safe Irom future encroacliments by the savages, they did not get started till late in the fall. The first of these parties, consisting of fifteen or twenty men, led by Maj. Stites, landed at the mouth of the Little Miami in November, 1788, and, constructing a log fort, began to lay out a village, called by thcni Columbia. It soon grew into prcminence, and, befm-e winter had thoroughly set in, they were well prepared for a frontier life. In the party were Cols. Spencer and Brown, 5Iaj. (lano and Kibbey, Judges (ioforth and Foster, Rev. John Smith, Francis Dunlavy, Cajit. FHnn, Jacob White, John Riley, and Jlr.'lhibbell. All these were men of energy and enterprise, and, with their comrades, were more numerous than cither of the other parties, who commenced their settlements below them on the Ohio. This village was also, at first, more flourishing; and, for two or three years, contained more inhabitants than any other in the Miami purchase. The second ]Miami party was formed at Lime- stone, under Jlatthias Denham and Robert Pat^ terson, atid cimsisted (jf twelve or fifteen persons. They landed on the north bank of the Ohio, oppo- site the mouth of the Licking River, the 24th of December, 1788. They intended to establish a station and lay out a town on a plan prepared at Limestone. Some statements affirm that the town was to be called '• L-os-anti-vil/c," by a romantic school-teacher named Fil.son. However, be this as it may, Mr. Fil.son was, unfortunately for himself, not long after, slain by the Indians, and, with him jirobably, tlie name disappeared. He was to have one-third interest in the proposed city, which, when his death occurred, was transferred to Israel Ludlow, and a new plan of a city adopted, Israel Ludlow surveyed the propi.ised town, whose lots were principally donated to settlers upim certain condi- tions as to settlement and improvement, and the embryo city named Cincinnati. Gov. St. Clair very likely had something to do with the naming of the villag(;, and, by some, it is asserted that he '■hanged the name from Lo.santiville to Cincinnati, when he created the county of Hamilton the en- suing winter. The original purchase of the city's site was made by .Mr. Denham. It included about eight hundred acres, for which he paid 5 shillings per acre in Continental certificates, then worth, in specie, about 5 shillings per pound, gross weight. Evidently, the original site was a good investment, could !Mr. Denham have lived long enough to .see its present condition. The third party of settlers for the Miami pur- cha.se, were under the care of Judge Symmes, himself They left Limestone, January 29, 1789, and were much delayed on their downward jour- ney by the ice in the river. They reached the 'Bend," as it was then known, early in February. The Judge had intended to found a city here, which, in time, would be the rival of the Atlantic cities. As each of the three settlements aspired to the same position, no little rivalry soon mani- fested it.self. The Judge named his proposed city North Bend, from the fact that it was the most northern bend in the Ohio below the mouth of the Great Kanawha. These three settlements ante- dated, a few months, those made near Jlarietta, already described. They arose so soon after, partly ft-oiu the extreme desire of Judge Symmes to settle his purchase, and induce emigration liere instead of on the Ohio Company's purchase. The Judge labored earnestly for this purpose and to further secure him in his title to the land he had acquired, all of which he had so far been unable to retain, owing to his inability to meet his |)ayments. All these emigrants came down the river in the flat-boats of the day, rude affairs, sometimes called ■71 ;f* 94 HISTORY OF OHIO. " Arks, " and thru llir uiily safe mode of travel in tlie West. Judge Symmes found he must provide for the safety of the settlers on his jiurt'liase, and, after earnestly solieiting fien. llarmar, eoiuniander nf the Western jxistn, sueeeeded in olitaininir a dc- taehnientof forty-ei>;ht men, under Capt, Kear.sey, to protect the iniprcjveineuts just eiinmii'ncing on thi: .Miami. This detaelimeut reached Liiuestone in December, 17SH. Part wa.s at once sent for- ward to guard .Maj. Stites and his [lioneers. Judge Symmes and his party started in January, and, about February 2, readied Coluiubia, where the Captain expected to find a fort ereett'd for his use and shelter. The flood on the river, however, de- feated his purpose, and, as he Wius unjirepared to erect another, lie determined to go on down to the garri.son at the falls at Louisville. Judge Symmes wa.s strenuously o]ipo.sed to his conduct, as it left, the colonies unguarded, but, all to no purpose; the Captain and his command, went to Louisville early in March, and left the Judge ane Miami had become sufliciently numerous to warrant a sejiarate county, and, in January, 1 "!•••, (!ov. St. ('lair and his Secretary arriv<'il in Cincinnati, and organized the county of Hamilton, so named in honor of the illustrious statesman by that name. It included all the country north of the Ohio, betwi-en the Mianiis, as far as a line running '° due east from the i£: HISTOEY OF OHIO. 95 Standing Stone forks" of Big Miami to its inter- section with the Little Miami. The erection of the new county, and the appointment of Cincin- nati to be the seat of justice, gave the town a fresh impulse, and aided greatly in its growth. Through the summer, but little interruption in the growth of the settlements occurred. The Indians had permitted the erection of defensive works in their midst, and could not now destroy them. They were also engaged in traffic with the whites, and, though they evinced signs of di.scon- tent at their settlement and occupation of the country, yet did not openly attack them. The truth was, they saw plainly the whites were always prepared, and no opportunity was given them to plunder and destroy. The Indian would not attack unless success was almost sure. An oppior- tunity, unfortunately, came, and with it the hor- rors of an Indian war. In the autumn of 1790, a company of thirty- six men went from Marietta to a place on the Muskingum known as the Big Bottom. Here they built a block-house, on the east bank of the river, four miles above the mouth of Meigs Creek. They were chiefly young, single men, but little acijuaiuted with Indian warfare or military rules. The savages had given signs that an attack on the settlement was meditated, and several of the know- ing ones at the strongholds streiuiously opposed any new .settlements that tall, advising their post^ ponement until the next .spring, when the question of peace or war would probably be settled. Even Gen. Putnam and the Directors of the Ohio Com- pany advised the postponement of the settlement until the next spring. The young men were impatient and restless, and declared themselves able to protect their fort against any number of assailants. They might have easily done so, had they taken the necessary precautions ; but, after they had erected a rude block-house of uiichinked logs, they began to pass the time in various pursuits; setting no guard, and taking no precautionary measures, they left them- selves an ea.sy prey to any hostile savages that might choose to C(mie and attack them. About twenty rods from the block-house, and a little back from the bank of the river, two men, Francis and Isaac Choate, members of the com- pany, had erected a cabin, and commenced clearing lots. Thomas Shaw, a hired laborer, and James Patten, another of the a.ssociates, lived with them. About the same distance below the block-house was an old "Tomahawk Improvement" and a small cabin, which two men, Asa and Eleazur Bullard, had fitted up and occupied. The Indian war-path, from Sandusky to the mouth of the Muskingum, passed along the opposite shore of the river. " The Indians, who, during the summer," says Dr. Hildreth, " had been hunting and loitering about the Wolf Creek and Plainfield settlements, holding frecjuent and friendly intercourse with the settlers, selling them venison and bear's meat in ex- change for green corn and vegetables, had with- drawn and gone up the river, early in the au- tumn, to their towns, preparatory to going into winter ((uarters. They very seldom entered on any warlike expeditions during the cold weather. But they had watched the gradual encroach- ment of the whites and planned an expedition against them. They saw them in fancied security in their cabins, and thought their capture an easy task. It is said they were not aware of the Big Bottom settlement until they came in sight of it, on the opposite shore of the river, in the afternoon. From a high hill opposite the garrison, they had a view of all that part of the bottom, and could see how the men were occupied and what was doing about the block-house. It was not proiected with palLsades or pickets, and none of tlie men were aware or prepared for an attack. Having laid their plans, about twilight they crossed the river above the garri.son, on the ice, and divided their men into two parties — the larger one to attack the block-house, the smaller one tij cajiture the cabins. As the Indians cautiously approached the cabin they found the inmates at supper. Part entered, addressed the whites in a friendly manner, but soon manifesting their designs, made them all pris- oners, tieing them with leather thongs they found in the cabin." At the block-house the attack was far different. A stout Mohawk suddenly burst open the door, the first intimation the inmates had of the pres- ence of the foe, and while he held it open his comrades shot down those that were within. Bush- ing in, the deadly tomahawk completed the on- .slaught. In the assault, one of the savages was struck by the wife of Isaac Woods, with an ax, but only slightly injured. The heroic woman was immediately slain. All the men but two were slain before they had time to secure their arms, thereby paying for their failure to properly secure themselves, with their lives. The two excepted were John Stacy and his brother Philip, a lad six- teen years of age. John escaped to the roof. :sc 9G HISTORY OF OHIO. where he was shot by the Indians, while begging f(pr his life. The firing at the bldek-hcmse alarmed the Bullards in their cabin, and hastily barring the door, and sceuring their ariusandaninumiliiFn.they fled to (he \V(jocl.s, and e.seaped. After tiie slaughter was over, the Indians began to eolleet tlu' [iluTider, and in doing .so di.scovered ttie lad l^liili|i 8laey. They were about to dispatch him, but his entrea- ties .sofU'iied the heart of one of the chiefs, wlio took him as a captive with the intention of adopt- ing him into his family. The savtiges then piled the dead bodies on the floor, covered them with other portions of it not needed for that purpo.se, and set fire to the whole. The building, being made of green logs, did not burn, the flames con- suming only the floors and roof, leaving the walls standing. There were twelve persons killrd in lliis attack, all of whom were in the prime of life, and valuable aid to the settlements. They were well provided with arms, and lia neces.sary pre- cautions, always pressed upon them when visited by the older ones from Marietta, they need not have suttV-red so terrible a tiite. The Indians, exultant over their horrible victory, went on to Wolf's mills, but here they found the peojile prepared, and, after reconnoitering the place, made tlieir retreat, at early dawn, to the great re- lief of the inhabitants. Their number was never difinitely known. The news reached Marietta and its adjacent settlements soon after the nia.s.sacre occurred, and struck terror and dismay into the hearts of all. Many had brothers and .sons in the ill-fated ]iarty. and mourned their lo.ss. Neither . The iiutbreak of Indian ho.stilities put a check on further settlcincnt.s. Tho.se that were estab- lished Were put in a more active state of defen.se, and every preparation made that could be made for the impending crisis all felt sure must eotne. Either the Indians must go, or the whites must retreat. A few hardy and advenlurous persons ventured out into the woods and made .settle- ments, but even these were at the innninent risk of their lives, many of them perishing in the" attempt. The Indian war tliat followed is given fully in preceding jiages. It may be briefly sketched by stating that the first campaign, under Gen Har- mar, ended in the defeat of his army at the Indian villages on the .Miami of the lake, and the rapid retreat to Fort W;ushington. St. Clair was next commissioiu'd to lead an army of nearly three thou- sand men, but these were furiously attacked at break oi' day, on the morning of November 4, 1791, and utterly defeated. Indian outrages sprung out anew after each defeat, and the borders were in a continual state of alarm. The most ter- rible suft'erings were emhired by prisoners in the hands of the savage foe, who thought to annihilate the whites. The army was at once re-organized. Gen. An- thony Wayne put in command by ^^';^.slliugton, and a vigorous campaign inaugurated. Though the .savages had been given great aid by the Brit- ish, in direct violation of the treaty of 178H, Gen. Wayne ])ursued them so vigorously that they coidd not withstand his army, and, the 20th of August, 1794, defeated them, and utt^^'rly annihilated their forces, breaking up tlieir cam]is, and laying waste their country, in some places under the guns of the British tiirts. The victory sluiwed them the hojiele.ssne.ss of contending against the whites, and led their chiefs to sue for peace. The British, as at former times, deserted them, and they were again alone, contending against an invincilile foe. A grand council w;us held at (jreenville the l!d day of August, 1795, where eleven of the most power- ful chiefs made peace with (ien. Wayne on terms of his own dictation. The boundary established by the old treaty of Fort Mcintosh wxs confirmed, and extended westward from Loramie's to Fort Recovery, and thence southwest to the mouth of the Kenlui-ky River. He also purcha.sed all the territory not before ceded, within certain linuts, coni]irehendiug, in all, about four-fifths of the State of ( )hio. Tlu' line was lung kiiown as " The (Jreen- ville Treaty line. " I'pon these, and a ti'W other minor condilions, the rniled States received the Indians under their protection, gave them a large number of ]ire.sents, and practicallj' closed the war with the savages. HISTORY OF OHIO. 97 The only settlement of any consequence made dur- ing the Indian war, was that on the plat of Hamilton, laidoutby Israel Ludlow in December, 1794. Soon after, Darius C. Orcutt, John Green, William Mc- Clennan, John Sutherland, John Torrence, Benjamin • F. Randolph, Benjamin Davis, Isaac Wiles, Andrew Christy and William Hubert, located here. The town was laid out under the name of Fairfield, but was known only a short time by that name. Until 1801, all tlie lands on the west side of the Great Jliami were owned by the General Government; hence, until after that date, no improvements were made there. A single log cabin stood there until the sale of lands in April, 1801, when a compaiij' purchased the site of Rossville, and, in INIarch, 1804, laid out that town, and, before a year had passed, the town and country about it was well settled. j The close of the war, in 1795, insured peace, and, from that date, Hamilton and that part of the Miami \'alley grew remarkably fast. In 1803, Butler County was formed, and Hamilton made the county seat. On the site of Hamilton, St. Clair built Fort Hamilton in 1791. For some time it was under the command of Maj. Rudolph, a cruel, arbitrary man, who was displaced by Gen. Wayne, and who, it is said, perished ignobly on the high seas, at the hands of .some Algerine pirates, a fitting end to a man who caused, more than once, the death of men under his control for minor otFenses. On the return of peace, no part of Ohio grew more rapidly than the 3Iiami Valley, especially that ])art comprised in Butler County. While the war with the Indians continued, but little extension of settlements was made in the State. It wa.s too perilous, and the settlers pre- ferred the .security of the block-house or to engage with the army. Still, however, a few bold spirits ventured away from the settled parts of the Terri- tory, and began life in the wilderne.ss. In tracing the histories of the.se .settlements, attention will be paid to the (irJti- in which they were made. They will be given somewhat in detail until the war of 1812, after which time they become too numerous to follow. The settlements made in Washington — ^Marietta and adjacent colonies — and Hamilton Counties have already been given. The settlement at Gal- lia is also noted, hence, the narration can be re- sumed where it ends prior to the Indian war of 1795. Before this war occurred, there were three small settlements made, however, in addition to tho.se in Wa.shington and Hamilton Counties. They were in what are now Adams, Belmont and Morgan Counties. They were block-house settle- ments, and were in a continual .state of defense. The first of these, Adams, was settled in the winter of 1790-91 by Gen. Nathaniel Massie. near where Manchester now is. Gen. Massie determined to settle here in the A'irginia Military Tract — in the winter of 1790, and sent notice throughout Ken- tucky and other Western settlements that he would give to each of the first twenty-five families who would settle in the town he proposed laying out, one in-lot, one out-lot and one hundred acres of laud. Such liberal terms were swm accepted, and in a short time thirty families were ready to go with him. After various consultations with his friends, the bottom on the Ohio River, opposite the lower of the Three Islands, was selected as the most eligible spot. Here Massie fixed his sta- tion, and laid off into lots a town, now called ^Manchester. The little confederacy, with Massie at the helm, went to work with spirit. Cabins were raised, and by the middle of JMarch, 1791, the whole town was inclo.sed with strong pickets, with block-houses at each angle for de- fense. This was the first settlement in the bounds of the Virginia District, and the fourth one in the State. Although in the midst of a savage foe, now inflamed with war, and in the midst of a cruel conflict, the settlement at Manchester suf- fered less than any of its cotemporaries. This was, no doubt, due to the watchftil care of its in habitants, who were inured to the rigors of a front- ier life, and who well knew the danger about them. " These were the Beasleys, Stouts, Washburns, Ledoms, Edgingtons, Denings, Ellisons, Utts, McKcnzies, Wades, and others, who were fully equal to the Indians in all the savage arts and stratagems of border war." Assoon as they had completed preparations for defense, the whole population went to work and cleared the lowest of the Three Lslands, and planted it in corn. The soil of the island was very rich, and produced abundantly. The woods supplied an abundance of game, while the river furnished a variety of excellent fish. The inhabitants thus found their simjile wants fully sujiplied. Their nearest neighbors in the new Territory were at Columbia, and at the French settlement at Gallip- olis ; but with these, owing to the state of the country and the Indian war, they could hold little, if any, intercourse. J ">y _G) > 98 HISTORY OF OHIO. Tlie station being established, Massie continued to make locations and surveys. Great precautions were necessary to avoid the Indians, and even the closest vigilance did not always avail, as the cver- watcht'ul foe was always ready to spring upon the settlement, could an unguarded moment be ob- served. During one of the .spring months. Gen. Ma.ssie, Israel Donalson, William Lytic and James Little, while out on a survey, were surjiriscd, and Jlr. Doualson captured, the others escaping at great peril. Mr. Doualson escaped during the march to the Indian town, and made his way to the town of Cincinnati, atlcr suft'criug great hard- slii]is, and almost perishing from huuger. In the spring of 171K5, the settlers at Manchester com- menced clearing the out-lots of the town. While doing so, an incident occurred, which shows the danger to which they were daily exposed. It is thus related in Howe's Collections : " Mr. Andrew Ellison, one of the settlers, cleared an out-lot immediately adjoining the fort. He had completed the cutting of the timber, rolled the logs together, and .set them on fire. The next morning, before daybreak, Mr. Ellison opeued one of the gates of the fort, and went out to throw his logs together. By the tiu)e he had fini.shed the job, a number of the heaps blazed up brightly, and, as he was pa.ssing from one to the other, he ob- served, by the light of the fires, three men walking briskly toward him. This did not alarm him in \\\v. least, although, he said, they were dark-skinned fi'ilows; yet he concluded they were the Wades, whose complexions were very dark, going early to hunt. He continued to right his log-hca]is, until (me of the fellows .seized him by the arms, calling out, in broken English, ' How do ? how do? ' He instantly looked in their fiices, and, to his .surprise and horror, found hini.self in the clutches of three [nm Indian incursions. Whiii the Ivlgingtons arrived at their ciimp, they alighted from their horses and were preparing to start a fire, when a platoon of Indians fired upon them at a distjinee of not more than twenty paces. They had ^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 101 evidently found the results of the white men's labor, and expected they would return for it, and pre- pared to waylay them. Asahel Edginijjton fell dead. John was more fortunate. The sharp crack of the rifles, and the liorrible yells of the savages as they leaped from their place of ambush, frightened the lionses, wlio took the track for home at full speed. John was very active on foot, and now an opiHirt unity ofl['cred which required his utmost speed. The mimient the Indians leaped from their hiding place, they threw down tlieir guns and took after him, yelling with all their power. Kdgington did not run a booty race. For about a mile, the savages stepped in liis tracks al- most before the bending gr:i.ss could rise. The uplifted tomahawk was fi-e((uently so near his head that he thought he felt its edge. He exerted himself to his utmost, while the Indians strove with all their might to catch him. Finally, he be- gan to gain on his pursuers, and, after a long raee, distanced them and made his escape, safely reach- ing home. This, truly, was a most fearful and well-contested raee. The big Shawanee chief, ('apt. John, who headed tin; Indians on this occasion, af\er peace was made, in narrating the particidars, said, "The white man who ran away was a smart fellow. The white man run; and I run. He run and run ; at last, the white man run clear off from me." The settlement, despite its dangers, prospered, and afler the close of the war continued to grow rajiidly. In two years after peace was declared, Adams County was erected by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, the next year court was held, and in 1804, West Union was made the county seat. During the war, a settlement was commenced near the present town of Bridgeport, in Belmont County, by Capt. Joseph Belmont, a noted Dela- ware Revolutionary officer, who, because his State could furnish only one company, could rise no higher than Captain of that company, and hence always maintained that grade. He settled on a beautiful knoll near the present county seat, but erelong suffered from a night attack by the In- dians, who, though unable to drive him and his companions from the cabin or conrpier them, wounded some of them badly, one or two mortally, and caused the Captain to leave the frontier and return to Newark, Del. The attack was made in the spring of 1791, and a short time after, the Captain, having provided for the safety of his family, accepted a commission in St. Clair's army, and loist his life at the defeat of the General in November. Shortly after the Captain settled, a fort, called Dillie's Fort, was built on the Ohio, opposite the mouth of Grave Creek. About two hundred and fifty yards below this fort, an old man, nanu'd Tato, was .shot down at his cabin door by the Indians, just as he was in the act of entering the hou.se. His body was jiullcd in by his daugh- ter-in-law and gTandson, who made an heroic de- fense. They were overpuwered, the woman slain, and the boy badly wounded. He, however, man- age*sary walking, carrying his comrade to water, driving up g-ame for him to shoot, and any other duties necessary; while the one who liad the use of his anns could dress liis companion's and his own wounds, kill and cook the game, and perform his share. They were rescued, finally, by a flat-boat, whose occupants, for awhile, ]ia.s. and a Mr. Manning. When Lebanon was laid out, in 18(18, the two-.-;tory log house built in 1797 by Ichabod Corwin was the only building on the plat. It was occujjied by Kphraim Hathaway as a tavern. He had a black horse painted on an immense board fiir a sign, and continued in business here till 1810. The .same year the town was laid out, a store was opened by John Huston, and, from that date, the growth of the county was very prosperous. Three years after, the We.ttern Star was established by Judge John McLain, and the current news of the day given in weekly editions. It was one of the first newspapers established in the Territory, out.side of Cincinnati. As has been mentioned, the opening of naviga- tion in the spriug of 17!:U; brought a great flood of emigration to the Territory. The little .'Settle- ment made Ijy Mr. Bedell, in the autumn of 17!ir), was about the only one made that fall ; others made preparations, and many selected sites, but did not settle till the following spring. That sjiring, colo- nies were planted in what are now Montgomery, Licking. Ross, Madison, Mahoning, Tnnnbull, Ashtabula and Cuyahoga Counties, while prepara- tions were in turn made to occupy additional terri- tory, that will hereafter be noticed. The settlement made in Montgomery County was begun early in the .spring of 17!M>. As early as 1788, the land on which Da3ton now stands was selected by some gentlemen, who designed laying out a town to be named \'enice. They agreed with Judge Symmes, whose ecmtract covered the place, for the ]iurclia.' have had some aireney in the theH, shoul Jioiiy to every house in the village, and ]iroelaim, 'This is •ehilHrotlic iipprarH to have Lcfn n fftvi>riti' niinio aliioD^ tin- IlidiiuiH, tin nmny Ifxrjililifvt were krniwn 1>.V lliiil niiiiu'. Citl.-Iohii ,l..linHlc.n iiil irilw-ti uf tlifl ShawiirweM. Tlicy wmiltl xiy, <'liii-i-ro1tir ntniiy, i.e., (^Iiillin.llie tciwii. Till' WjtancInU vmiiiIiI nvy. tor t'liilliiollie town, Tatti-ra-ra, Oo-tia, or town at tbo Icaliirig of tlio l>anlt.'* T tx I C HISTORY OF OHIO. 105 Brannou, who stole the great coat, hauJkerchief and shut ; ' and that James B. Finley, afterward Chaplain in the State Penitentiary, should see the sentence faithfully carried out. Brauuon chose the latter sentenee, and the ceremony was faith- fully performed by his wife in the presence of every cabin, under Mr. Fink'y's care, after which the couple made ofl'. Thi.s wa.s rather rude, but effective juri.sprudence. ■• Dr. Kdward Tiffin and .Mr. Thomas Wnrth- inj^ton.of Berkley County, \'a., were brothers-in-law, and beinj; moved by abolition principles, lilx-rated their slaves, intendinj;' to remove into the Ter- ritory. For this purpo.se, ^Ir. W'orthington visited Chillicothe in the autumn of 17!.l7,and purchased several in and out lots of the town. On one of the former, he erected a two-story fi'ame house, the first of the kind in the vllhige. On his return, having ])urchased a part of a farm, on which his family long afterward resided, and another at the north fork of Paint (Jrei^k, he contracted with Mr. Joseph Yates, a millwright, and ^!r. (leorge Ilaincs, a blacksmith, to come out with him the following winter or spring, and erect for him a grist and saw mill on his north-fork tract. The summer, fall and following winter of that year were marked by a rush of emigration, which spead over the high bank prairie. Pea-pea, Westfall and a few miles up Paint and Deer Creeks. " Nearly all the first settlers were either regular members, or had been raised in the Presbyterian Church. Toward the fall of 1797, the leaven of piety retained by a portion of the first settlers be- gan to difFu,se itself through the mass, and a large log meeting-house was erected near the old gi-ave- yard, and Rev. William ,Speer, from Pennsylvania, took charge. The sleepers at first served as seats for hearers, and a split-log table was used as a jjuljiit. Mr. Speer was a gentlemanly, moral man, tall and cadaverous in person, and wore the cocked hat of the Revolutionary era. "Thomas Jones arrived in February, 1798, bringing with him the first load of bar-iron in the Scioto Valley, and about the same time Maj. Elias Langhani, an officer of the Revolution, arrived. Dr. Tiffin, and his brother, Joseph, arrived the same month from Virginia and opened a store not far from the log meeting-house. A store had been opened previou.sly by John McDougal. The 17th of April, the families of Col. Worthington and Dr. Tiffin arrived, at which time the first marriage in the Scioto Valley was celebrated. The parties were Georare Kilgore and Elizabeth Cochran. The ponies of the attendants were hitched to the trees along the streets, which were not then cleared out, nearly the whole town being a wilderness. JosejJi Yates, George Haines, and two or three others, arrived with the families of Tiffin and Worthing- ton. On their arrival there were but four shingled roof's in town, on one of which the .shingles were fastened with pegs. Col. Wortliington's house was the only one having glass windows. The sash of the hotel windows was tilled with greased paper. "Col. Wnrtliington was appointed by Gen. Ru- fus Putnam, Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory, surveyor of a large district of Congress lands, on the ejist side of the Scioto, and Maj. Langham and a Mr. Matthews, were appointed to survey the residue of the lands which afterward composed the Chillicothe land district. "The same .season, settlements were made about the Walnut Plains by Samuel IMcCulloh and others; Springer, Osbourn, Dyer, and Thomas and ]<]liiah Chenowith, on Darly Creek ; Lamberts and others on Sippo; on Foster's Bottom, the Fosters. Samuel Davis and others, while the ft)iiowing fam- ilies settled in and about Chillicothe: John Crouse, William Keys, William Lamb, John Carlisle, John McLanberg, William Chandless, the Stoctons, Greggs, Bates and some others. "Dr. Tiffin and his wife were the firet Metho- dists in the Scioto Valley. He was a local preacher. In the fall, Worthington's grist and saw mills on the north fork of Paint Creek were finished,. the first mills worth}' the name in the valley. " ChiUicothe was the point from which the set- tlements diverged. In May, 1709, a post office; was established here, and Jo.seph Tiffin made Post- master. Mr. Tiffin and Thomas Gregg opened taverns; the first, under the sign of Gen. Anthony Wayne, was at the corner of Water and Walnut streets; and the la.st, under the .sign of the '(Jreen Tree,' was on the corner of Paint and Water streets. In 1801, Nathaniel Willis moved in and established the Sci(do Gur.ttte, probably, the sec- ond paper in the Territory."* In 1800, the seat of government of the North- west Territory was removed, by law of Congress, from Cincinnati to Chillicothe. The sessions of the Territorial Assembly for that and the next year were held in a small two-story, hewed-log house, erected in 1798, by Bazil Abrams. A wing was added to the main part, of two stories in * Recollections of Hon. Thomaa Scott, of Chillicothe — Howe's Annals of Ohio. li:. lOG HISTORY OF OHIO. Iieittht. lu the lower room of this wing, Col. Thiiuia.s (Jili.son, Auditor of the Territory, kept hi.s offiee, and in the upper room a small family lived. In tlie upper room of the main buildins; a billiard table wils kejit. It was also made a re- sort of gamblers and disreputable charaeters. The lower room was used by the Legislature, and as a court room, a ehureh or a school. In the war of 1812, the building was a rendezvous and barracks for soldiers, and, in 1840, was pulled down. The old State House was commenced in 18011, and finished the next year fur the acconnnodalinn of the Legislature and tiie courts. It is .said to be the first puliMc stone edifice erected in the Ter- ritorv. Maj. William Kutledge, a Hevolutionary soldier, did the mason work, and William Guthrie, the carpenter. In 1801, the Territorial Legislature held their first session in it. In it was also held the Constitutional Convention of Ohio, which be- gan its sessions the first iMnnday in November, 1802. In April, 18o:{, the first State Legislature met in the house, and continued their sessions here until 1810. The 8es.sions of 1810-11, and 1811- 12, Were held in Zanesville, and from there re- moved back to Chillicothe and held in the old State IIousj till 181(), when Columbus became the permanent capital of the State. .^Iaking Chillicothe the State capital did much to enhance its growth. It was incor])orated in 1802, and a town council elected. In 1807, the town had fourteen .stores, si.\ hotels, two newspa- pers, two churches — both brick buildings — and over two liundred dwellings. The removal of the capita) to Colundjus checked its growth a little, still, being in an excellent country, ra]iidly fillinj with settlers, the town has always remained a pruminent trading center. During the war of IS] 2, Chillicothe was made a rendezvous fur I'nited States soldiers, anros|iecting on this stream, found some old Indian cornfields, and di'termined U> locate. They were from West- ern A'irginia, and were true pioneers, living mainly by huntinii, leaving the cultivation of their small cornfields to their wives, uuich afler the style of _ * Got. Worthington was Iwrn in Jcffereon County, Va , al><)Ut the year 17t'>irati<>n of tlin ^uhernatorial ti-rm, tie wiut a[i[>oi[ited a mem- ber of the Iltmrd of I'nhlic Work«. in wliirli cafiacity lie did mucti to advance tbe canalH and m*lroadM, and otlier publie Improve- inentH. lie remained in tbia oiiire till bin death. fGen. Mc.\rlb!ir wiwlM)rn in DiileheMi Connty, N. Y.. in 1772. When eiglit years of age, bia father removed to Weali-ro t^ennayl- vaniii. When eiRbti-en yearw of a^e, he Bervi il in llurmar'a ouniiaiRU. In 1711'.:, he wiw a very efllcieiit soldier among the front- ieranien, and Kaiio"*! their approliation by lii* bravery. In 17y;t, bo was conni'Ctpd with Gen. MaiWl*-, and aflerwa'd vtiw engaged In land ai nlationa and beeanie very wealthy. He ivaa made a mem- ber of the Irt.giiilature, in IKd."); in Isoi',, a Colonel, and in 18UN. a Miijorlfnoeml of the Dlilitia. In thin cn|>acity be waa in HuH'a anrrenderat Detroit. On hla retnrn ho waa elected to Congresa, and in lMl:l commiasioned Rrigiuller fjenerat. lie waa one of the moat eflicieiitoflicerain the war of ISI'2. and held many important posta. Afier the war. bo waa again aent to the Legialalnre ; in IK22 to Congrew, and in 18:t'» elected (eivern^ir of tbe State, By .^n nn- forlnnate accident in IS-'IC. he waa mainii-d for life, and gradually declined till death came a few yean after. y-r. i V HISTORY OF OHIO. 107 their dusky neighbors. They were both inveterate Indian haters, and never allowed an opportunity to pass without carrj-ing out their hatred. For this, they were apprehended after the treaty; but, though it was clearly proven they had murdered some iuofleusive Indians, the state of t'eeling was sueh that they were allcjwed to go unjiunished. A short time after their settlement, others joined them, and, in a few years, quite a colony had gathered on the banks of the Licking. In 1S()2, Newark was laid out, and, in three or four years, there were twenty or thirty families, several stores and one or two hotels. The settlement of Granville Township, in this county, is rather an important e]>och in the historj' of this part of the State. From a sketch pub- lished by Rev. Jacob Little in 1848, in Howe's Collections, the subjoined statements are taken: "In 1804, a company was formed at Granville, Mass., with the intention of making a .settlement in Ohio. This, called the Scioto Company, was the third of that name which effected settlements in Ohio. The project met with great favor, and much enthusiasm was elicited, in illustration of which a song was composed and sung to the tune of ' Pleasant Ohio ' by the j'oung people in the house and at labor in the field. We annex two stanzas, which are more curious than poetical: "'When rambling o'er these mountains And rocks where ivies grow Thick as the hairs upon your head, "Mongst which you cannot go — Great storms of snow, cold winds that blow, We scarce can undergo — Says I, my boys, we'll leave this place For the pleasant Ohio. " 'Our precious friends (hat stay behind, We're sorry now to leave: But if they'll stay and break their shins. For them we'll never grieve. Adieu, my friends! — Come on, my dears, This journey we'll forego. And settle Licking Creek, In yonder Ohio.' " " The Scioto Company consisted of one hundred and fourteen proprietors, who made a purchase of twenty-eight thousand acres. In the autumn of 1805, two hundred and thirty-four persons, mo.stly from East Granville, Mass., came on to the pur- chase. Although they had been forty-two days on the road, their fii-st business, on their arrival, liav- ing organized a church before they left the East, was to hear a sermon. The first tree cut was that by which public worship was held, which stood just in front of the Presbyterian church. On the first Sabbath, November 16, although only about a dozen trees had been felled, they held divine service, both forenoon and afternoon, on that spot. The novelty of worshiping in the woods, the forest extending hundreds of miles each way; the hardships of the journey, the winter set- ting in. the thoughts of home, with all the friends and privileges left behind, and the impression that such mu.st be the accommodations of anew country, all rushed on their minds, and made this a day of varied interest. When they began to sing, the echo of their voices among the trees was so differ- ent from what it was in the beautiful meeting- house they had left, that they could no longer restrain their tears. They u-ept whin thcij remem- bered Zion. The voices of part of the choir were, for a season, suppre.s.sed with emotion. ''An incident occurred, which many said Mrs. Sigourney should have put into verse. Deacon Theophilus Ree.se, a Welsh Baptist, had, two or three years before, built a cabin, a mile and a half north, and lived all this time without public wor- ship. He had lost his cattle, and, hearing a low- ing of the oxen belonging to the Company, .set out toward them. As he ascended the hills overlook- ing the town plot, he heard the singing of the choir. The reverberation of the .sound from nill- tops and trees, threw the good man into a serious dilemma. The music at fii-st seemed to be behind, then in the tree-tops, or in the clouds. He stopped, till, by accurate listening, he caught the direction of the sound ; went on and passing the brow of the hill, he saw the audience sitting on the level below. He went home and told his wife that ' the promise of God is a bond ' ; a Welsh proverb, signifying that we have security, equal to a bond, that religion will prevail everywhere. He said : ' These must be good people. I am not afiaid to go among them.' Though he could not under- stand English, he constantly attended the reading meeting. Hearing the music on that occasion made such an impression on his mind that, when he became old and met the first settlers, he would always tell over this story. The first cabin built was that in which they worshiped succeeding Sabbaths, and, before the close of the winter, they had a schoolhouse and a school. That church, in forty years, received more than one thousand j)er- sons into its membership. "Elder Jones, in 1806, preached the first ser- mon in the log church. The Welsh Baptist ^ 108 HISTORY OF OHIO. Church was orjianizcd in the cabin of David Thuliia.s, HeiitomlxT 4, ISOS. April 'II, 1S27, the (Jranville iiR'iiilR'r.s wore (irnanizcd into the (iranville Ciiureh, and tin; c-onier-.stone of" thi'ir iiouso of worship laid .Seiituniber 21, 1S2'J. In the fall of 1810, the first .Methodist sermon was preached liere, and, soon after, a class orj/anized. In 1824, a church was built. An Episcopal church was organized in May, 1827, and a church consecrated in 1838. In 1841), there were in this township 405 families, of whom 214 sustain family Worship ; 1431 persons over four- teen years of age, of whom over SOd belong to church. The town had loO families, of whom 80 have family worship. In 18Ki, the tnwuship furnislu'd 70 school teachers, of whom (i2 jirayed in school. In 1840, the towusiiip took (121 ]icri- odical papers, besides three small monthlies. The first temperance society west of the mountains was organized July 15, 1828, in this towiisliii>; and, in 1831, the Congregational Church passed a by- law to accept no member who trafficked in or used ardent spirits." It is .said, not a settlement in the entire West could present so moral and upright a view as that of (iianville Town.sliip; and nowhere could so ]K'rf'ect and orderly a set of people be found. Surclv, the fact is argument enough in favor of th( 'religion of Jesus. The narrative of Mr. Little al.so states that, when (Iranville was first .settled, it was supposed that Wortliiiigton would lie the' capital of Ohio, between whieii and Zancsville, (iranville woulil make a great half-way town. .\t this time, wild animals, snakes and Indians abounded, and many are the marvelous stories priwerved regarding tlie destruction of the animals and ri?|)tiles — the Indians being bound liy their treaty to remain |)eaeeful. Space forbids tiunr re]ictition here. Suffice it to say that, ius the wliites iucrea.sed, the Indians, animals and snakes dLsapjieared, until now one is as much a curiosity as the oilier. The remaining .settlement in the .smithwest- ern parts of Ohio, maile iminediat<'ly alter the treaty — fall of 17!I5 or year of 1711(1 — was in what is now Madison (!ounty, about a mile north of where the village of Amity now stand.s, on the banks of the Big Darby. This .stream received its name from the Indians, from a Wyandot chief, mimed llarby, who for a long time resided upon it, near the Cnion County litie. In the fall of 17115, Henjaiuin Springer came from Kentucky and selected some land on the banks of the Big Darby, cleared the ground, built a cabin, and returned for his family. The m^xt spring, Ire brought them out, and began his life here. The siinie summer he Wius joined by William Lajiin, Joshua and James Ew- ing and one or two others. When Springer came, ho found a white man named Jonathan Alder, who for fifteen years had been a captive among the Indians, and who could not .speak a word of iMiglish, living with an Indian woman on the banks of Big Darby, lie had been exchanged at Wayne's treaty, and, neglecting to profit by the treaty, was .still living in the Indian style. When the whites became numerous about him his desire to find his relatives, and adopt the ways of the whites, led him to discard his wjuaw — giving her an unusual allowance — learn the Engli.sh language, engage in agricultural ]iursuits, and be- come again civilized. Fortunately, he eould remem- ber enough of the names s, pledged — as they drank the Unipid waters of the hike — their country's welfare, with the ordnance accompaniment of two or three fowling-pieces, discharging the recjuired national salute." The whole party, on this occasion, numbered fifty-tw(j persons, of whom two were females ( Mrs. Sriles and jNIrs. Gunn) and a child, and all deserve a lasting place in the history of the State. The next day, they began the erection of a large lug building on the sandy beach on the east side of the stream. When dune, it was named " Stow Castle," after one of the jiarty. It was the dwell- ing, storehouse and general habitation of all the Jiioneers. The party made this their head((uar- ters part of the summer, and continued busily engaged in the survey of the lleserve. James Kingsbury, afterward Judge, arriviid soon after the party began work, and, with his family, was the first to remain here during the winter fiillow- iug, the rest returning to the EiLst, or going .south- ward. Through the winter, Mr. Kingsliury's family suffered gr(!atly for provisions, so much so, that, during the ab.sence of the head of the family in New York for j}rovisions, one child, born in his absence, died, and the mother, nMluced by her suf- ferings and solitude, was only saved by the timely arrival of the husband and fatlier with a sack of flour he had carried, many weary miles, on his back. He remained here but a short time, re- moving to ('levelaiid, which wa.s laid out that liamo fall. In the spring of 171'S, Alexander Harper, William McKarland and Kzra (Gregory, with their families, started from Ilarperstield, Delaware Co., N. Y., and arrived the last of June, at their new homes in the Far West. The whole population on the Reserve then amounted to less than one hun- dred and fif\y persons. These were at Cleveland, Young.stownand at 3Ientor. During the summer, three families eame to Burton, and Judge Hud.son settled at Hudson. All these jiioneers suffered severely for food, and from the fever induced by chills. It took several years to become accli- mated. Sometimes the entire neighborhood would be down, and only one or two, who could wait on the rest "between chills," were able to do anything. Time and courage overcame, finally. It was not until 179S, that a permanent settle- ment was made at the mouth of Conneaut Creek. Those who came there in 1701) went on with their surveys, part remaining in Cleveland, laid out that I summer. Judge Kingsbury could not remain at j Conneaut, and went nearer the settlements made about the Cuyahoga. In thespring of 1 708, Thomas IMontgomery and Aaron Wright .settled here and remained. Up the stream they found some thirty Indian cabins, or huts, in a good state of preserva- tion, which they occupied until they could erect their own. Soon after, they were joined by others, and, in a year or two, the settlement was permanent and pro.sjjerous. The site of the present town of Austinburg in Ashtabula County was settled in the year 1799, by two fiimilies from Connecticut, who were in- duced to come thither, by Judge Austin. The Judge preceded them a short time, driving, in cimipany with a hired man. some cattle about one hundred and fifty miles through the woods, follow- ing an old Indian trail, while the rest of thi^ pai'fy came in a boat acro.ss the lake. When they ar- rived, there were a few families at llarpersburg ; one or two families at Windsor, twenty miles southwest; also a few families at Elk Creek, forty miles niirtheast, and at \V'rnon, the same distance southeast. All these were in a destitute coixlition for provisions. In 1800, another family moved from Noriblk, Conn. In the .spring of 1801, .sev- eral families came from the same place. Part came by land, and part by water. During that season, wheat was carried to an old mill on Elk Creek, forty miles away, and in some instances, half was given for carrying it to mill and returning it in flour. Wednesday, October 21, 1801, a church of six- teen meudjcrs was constituted in Austinburg. This was the first church on the Reserve, and was fijunded by Rev. Josejih Badger, the first mission- ary there. It is a fact worthy of note, that in 1802, Mr. Badger moved his family from Buffalo to this town, in the first wagon that ever came from that place to the Reserve. In 1803, noted revivals occurred in this part of the West, attended by the peculiar bodily phenomenon known as the " shakes " or "jerks." The surveying party which landed at the mouth of Conneaut Creek, July 4, 179(j, soon com]ileted their labors in this part of the Reserve, and ex- tended them westward. By the first of September, they had explored the lake coast as fiir west as the outlet of the Cuyahoga* River, then considered ♦Cuyahoga, in the Indian language, signifies "crooked." — Hoice^ff Collections. "The Indians caUed the river 'Cnyahoghan-uk,' 'Lake River' It is, emphatically, a Lake river. It rises in lakes and empties into a lake." — Alwater^s Hi'Ujri/ of Ohio. t) Ty no HISTORY OF OHIO. by all an important Western jilaee, and one des- tined to l)e a jrreat eommercial mart. Time has verified the ])r()phecie.s, a.s now the city of Cleve- land covers the site. As early a.s 1755, the mouth of the Cuyahoga River was laid down on the maps, and the Freneh had a station here. It wa.s also considered an im- portant po.st during the war of the Revolution, and later, of 1812." The British, who, atler the Revolution, refused to abandon the lake C(juntry west of the Cuyahoga, occu])ied its shores until 1790. Their traders had a house in Ohio City, north of the Detroit road, ou the point of the hill near the river, when the surveyors arrived in 17!'(i. Washington, Jefterson, and all statesmen of that day, regarded the outlet of the Cuyahoga as an im]iortant place, and Iieuce the early at- tempt of the surveyors to reach and lay out a town here. The corps of surveyors arrived early in Septem- ber, 17'.lli, and at oricc proceeded to lay out a town. It was named Cleveland, in hcjnor of Cicn. Moses Cleveland, the Land Comjianys agent, and for years a very prominent man in Connecticut, where he livt'd and died. By the IStli of ( )ctol>i^r, the surveyors had com|ileted the survey and left the placi!, leaving only Job \ . Stiles and family, and Edward I'ainc, who were the only perscjns that ]iius.s(!d the succeeding winter in this place. Their rcsidcn(H^ wa.s a log cabin that stoor Walnut Creek, I'enn., to obtain a winter's sup]>ly of flour. When below Eudiil Creek, a storm drove them ;ishore, broke their boat, and eoni]ielled their return. During the winter and summer fol- lowing, the settlers had no flour, except that groujid in hand and cottee mills, which was, how- ever, consideri'd verj' good. Not all had even that. During the .summer, the Connecticut Land Com- pany opened the fii^st roiid ou the Reserve, which commenced about ten miles south of the lake shore, on the Penn.sylvania State line, and extended to Cleveland. In January, 17119, Mr. Doane moved to Doane's Corners, leaving only Maj. Car- ter's family in Cleveland, all the re.st leaving as soon as they were well enough. For fifteen months, the Major and his family were the only white ]icr- sons left on the town site. Duriim the s]iring, Wheeler W. Williams an.l Maj. WyatI built the first grist-mill on the iteserve, on the site ol' Niw- burg. It was looked u|ion as a very valuable acces- sion to the neighborhood. I'rior to this, each fam- ily had its own hand-mill in one of the corners of the cabin. The old mill is thus described by a pioneer : " The stones were of the common grindstone grit, about four inches thick, and twenty in diarae- ^^ HISTORY OF OHIO. Ill ter. The runner, or upper, was turned by hand, by a pole set in the top of it, near tlie outer edge. The upper end of the pole was inserted into a hole in a board fiisteued above to the joists, immedi- ately over the hole in the verge of the runner. One person fed the corn into the eye — a hole in the center of the runner — while another turned. It was very hard work to grind, and the operators alternately exchanged places." In 1800, several settlers came to the town and a more active life was the result. From this time, Cleveland began to progress. The 4th of July, 1801, the first ball in town was held at Major Carter's log cabin, on the hill-side. John and Benjamin Wood, and K. H. Blinu were managers; and Maj. Samuel Jones, musician and ma.ster of ceremonies. The comi)any numbered about thirty, very evenly divided, for the times, between the sexes. " Notwithstanding the dancers had a rough puncheon floor, and no better beverage to enliven their spirits than sweetened whisky, yet it is doubt- ful if the anniversary of American independence wa.s ever celebrated in Cleveland by a more joyfiil and harmonious company than those who danced the scamper-down, double-.slniffle, western-swing and half-moon, that day, in Maj. Carter's cabin." The growth of the town, from this period on, re- mained prosperous. The usual visits of the Indi- ans were made, ending in their drunken carousals and fights. Deer and other wild animals fiirnished abundant meat. The settlement was coti.stantly augmented by new arrivals, so that, by 1814, Cleve- land was incorporated as a town, and, in 1836, as a city. Its harbor is one of the best on the lakes, and hence the merchandise of the lakes has always been attracted thither. Like Cincinnati ami Chil- licothe, it became the nucleus of settlements in this part of the State, and now is the largest city in Northern Ohio. One of the earliest settlements made in the Western Reserve, and by some clain)ed as the first therein, was made on the site of Youngstown, IMa- honing County, by a Jlr. Young, afterward a Judge, in the summer of 17S*6. During this summer, before the settlements at Cuyahoga and Conneaut were made, Mr. Young and Sir. Wilcott, proprie- tors of a town.ship of land in Northea-stern Ohio, came to their possessions and began the survey of their land. .lust when they came is not known. They were found here by Col. James Hillman, then a trader in the employ of Duncan & Wilson, of Pittsburgh, " who had been forwarding goods across the country by pack-saddle horses since 1786, to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, thence to be shipped on the schooner Mackinaw to Detroit. Col. Hillman generally had charge of all these caravans, consisting sometimes of ninety horses and ten men. They commonly crossed the Big Beaver four miles below the mouth of the She- nango, thence up the left bank of the Mahoning — called by the Indians " Mahoni" or " iVahonick," signifying the "lick" or " at the lick" — crossing it about three miles below the site of Youngstown, thence by way of the Salt Springs, over the sites of Milton and Ravenna, crossing the Cuyahoga at the mouth of Breakneck and again at the mouth of Tinker's Creek, thence down the river to its mouth, where they had a log hut in which to store their goods. This hut was there when the surveyors came, but at the time unoccupied. At the mouth of Tinker's Creek were a few log huts built by Moranan Missionaries. These were used only one year, as the Indians had gone to the Tus- carawas River. These and three or four cabins at the Salt Springs were the only buildings erected by the whites prior to 1796, in Northeastern Ohio. Tho.sc at the Salt Springs were built at an early day for the accommodation of whites who came from Western Pennsylvania to make salt. The tenants were dispossessed in 178.5 by Gen. Harmar. A short time after, one or two white men were killed by the Indians here. In 1788, Col. Hill- man settled at Beavertown, where Duncan & Wilson had a store for the purpose of trading with the Indians. He went back to Pittsburgh soon after, however, owing to the Indian war, and remained there till its close, continuing in his busi- ness whenever opportunity offered. In 1796, when returning from one of his trading expeditions alone in his canoe down the JIahoning River, he discovered a smoke on the bank near the present town of Youngstown, and on going to the spot found Mr. Young and ]Mr. Wolcott, as before men- tioned. A part of Col. Hillman s cargo consisted of whisky, a gallon or so of which he still had. The price of "fire-water" then was SI per quart in the currency of the country, a deerskin being legal tender for SI, and a doeskin for .50 cents. Mr. Young proposed purchasing a quart, and having a frolic on its contents during the even- ing, and insisted on paying Hillman his cus- tomary price. Hillman urged that inasmuch as they were strangers in the country, . civility re- quired him t<3 furnish the means for the entertain- ment. Young, however, insisted, and taking the deerskin used for his bed — the only one he had — "7" :^ 112 HISTORY OP OHIO. paid for liis quart of whisky, and an evening's frolic was the result. " Ilillman rcmaiued a few days, when they ac- e(iiii|)auied liim to Biuiver Town to celebrate the 4lh, and then all returned, and Ilillman erected a cabin on the site of Youngstown. It is not cer- tain that they remained hero at this time, and hence the priority of actual settlemtMit is generally conceded to CoTUU'aut and Cleveland. The next year, in the fall, a Mr. Urown and one other per- son came to the banks of the Mahoning and made a permanent settlement. The same season Uriah Holmes and Titus Hayes came to the .same locality, and before \vint<;r cjuite a settlement was to bi^ seen here. It ijroeet^led i|uite imisperously until the wanton murder of two Indians oceum'd, which, tor a time, greatly excited the whites, lest the In- dians .should retaliate. Througii the efforts of Col. Ilillman, who had great influence with the natives, they agreed to let the murderers stand a trial. They were acipiitted ujion some technicality. The trial, however, pacified the Indians, and no trouble came from the unwarranted and unfortu- nate circumstance, and no chtH;k in the emigration or prosperity of the colf]ny occurred."* As .soon as an effective .settlement had been es- tablished at Youngstown, otliers were made in tlie surrounding country. One of the.se w;us bi'gun liy William ['"(■nton in 171)8, on the site of the pres- ent town of Warren, in TruniliuU County. He remaineil here alone one year, when he W:us joined by (Japt. Kphraim Quimby. Hy the hist of tSe]i- t(;mbi!r, the next year, the colony had incre;is(!d to sixteen, and from that date on continui^d pro.sper- ously. Once or twice they stood in fear of the Indians, a-s the nault of (juarrels induced by whisky. Sagacious persons generally saved any .serious outbreak and pacified the natives. Mr. Badger, the first missionary on the Re.-ierve, came to the setthunent here and on the Mahoning, ;us soon as each w:ls made, and, by his earnest labors, succeedt^d in forming churches and schools at an early day. He w:vs one of the most efhcient men on the Reserve, and throughout his long and busy life, w;us well kntiwn and greatly respected. He died in 1H4G, aged eighty-nine years. The settlements given are about all that were made liefore the close of 171(7. In following the narrative of these settlements, att<^ntion is paid to the chronological order, ius far a.s this can be don('. Like those settlements already made, many which * ReooUectlooB of Col. HUlm%n. — Loire's AnnaU. 4 are given as occurring in the next year, 1798, were actually begun earlier, but were only tem- porary preparations, and were not considered as made until the next year. Turning again to the southern portion of Ohio, the Scioto, MiLskingum and Miami Valleys come prominently into notice. Throughout the entire Kiustern Stales they were still attracting attention, and an inerea.sed emigration, bu.sily occupying their verdant fields, was tln^ result. All about Chilli cothe was now well settled, and, up the banks of that stream, prospectors were selecting sites for their future homes. In 17il7, Robert Armstrong, George Skidmore, Lucas SullivuMt, William Ilomigan, dames Mar- shall, John Dill, Jacob (irubli, Jacob Overdier, Arthur O'llara, John Urickell, Col. Culbert.son, the Deardorfs, McHlvaius, Selles and others, came to what is now Franklin ('ounty, and, in August, Mr. Sullivant and .some others laid out the town of Franklinton, on the west bank of the Scioto, oppo- site the site i^f Columbus. The country about this lo(-ality had l(jng been the residence! of the Wyan- dots, who luul a large town on the city's .site, anil cultivated extensive fields of corn on the river bot- toms. The locality had been vi.sited by the whites as early ;us 1780, in some of their expeditions, and the fertility of the land noticed. As soon as police was a.ssured, th.e whites came and began a settle- ment, iis has been noted. Soon af\er Kranklinton W!us established, a .Mr. Springer and his .son-in-law, O.sborn, settled on the I5ig Darby, and, in the sum- mer of 171)8, a .scattering .settlement was made on Alum Creek. About the .same time settlers came to the mouth of the (lahannah, and along other watcr-eour.ses. Franklinton was the point to which emigrants came, and from which they always made their permanent location. For .si"'veral years there wiLs no mill, nor any such commodity, nearer than Chillieothe. A hand-mill was constructed in Franklinton, which was commonly u.sed, unless the settlers made a trip to Chillieothe in a canoe. Next, a horse-mill was tried ; but not till 1805, when Col. Kilbourne b\iilt a mill at Wortbinglon, settled in 1808, couM any efficient grinpro]iri- ately celebrated. Seventeen gigantic trees, em- blematical of the seventeen States forming the Union, were cut, so that a few blows of the ax, at sunrise on the 4th, prostrated each successively with a tremendous crash, forming a national salute novel in the world's history."* The gi'owth of this part of Ohio continued without interruption until the establishment of the State capital at Columbus, in 1810. The town was laid out in 1812, but, as that date is considered re- *nowe'8 CollectioDB. mote in the early American settlements, its history will be left to succeeding pages, and there traced when the history of the State capital and State government is given. The site of Zanesville, in Mu.skingum County, was early looked upon as an excellent place to form a settlement, and, had not hostilities opened in 1791, with the Indians, the place would have been one of the earliest settled in Ohio. As it was, the war so disarranged matters, that it was not till 1797 that a permanent settlement was effected. The Muskingum country was principally occu- pied, in aboriginal times, by the Wyandots, Dela- wares, and a few Seneeas and Shawanees. An In- dian town once stood, years before the settlement of the country, in the vicinity of Duncan's Falls, in Muskingum County, from which circumstance the place is oft«n called "Old Town." Near Dres- den, was a large Shawanee town, called Wakato- maca. The graveyard was quite large, and, when the whites first settled here, remains of the town were abundant. It was in this vicinity that the venerable Maj. C;iss, father of Lewis Cass, lived and died. He owned 4,000 acres, given him for his military services. The first settlers on the site of Zanesville were William McCulloh and Henry Crooks. The lo- cality was given to P]benezer Zane, who had been allowed three sections of land on the Scioto, Mus- kingum and Hockhocking, wherever the road crossed these rivers, provided other prior claims did not interfere, for opening "Zane's trace." When he located the road across the Muskingum, he selected the place where Zanesville now stands, being attracted there by the excellent water privi- leges. He gave the section of land here to his brother Jonathan Zane, and J. Mclutirc, who leased the ferry, established on the road over the Muskingum, to William McCulloh and Henry Crooks, who became thereby the first settlers. The ferry was kept about where the old upper bridge was afterward placed. The ferry-boat was made by fastening two canoes together with a stick. Soon after a flat-boat was used. It was brought from Wheeling, by Mr. Mclntire, in 1779, the year after the ferry w;is establi.shed. The road cut out through Ohio, ran from Wheeling, Va., to Maysville, Ky. Over this road the mail was car- ried, and, in 1798, the first mail ever carried wholly in Ohio was brought up from IMarietta to MeCulliih's cabin by Daniel Convers, where, by arrangement of the Postmaster General, it met a mail from Wheeling and one from Maysville. 114 HISTORY OF OHIO. MfCulloli, who could liunlly read, was autliorizcil to a.ssort. tlu^ mails and scud each package in its jiropcr diicitidii. For this service lu; received $'M per annum ; but owing to his inability to read well, Mr. Convers generally pert'oruu>d tlie duty. At that time, the mails wet here once a week. Four years after, the settlement had so increased that a regular post office; w:is opened, and Thomas Dowden appointed Postmaster. lie ke|ithis office in a wooden building near the river bank. .Messrs. Zane and Mclntire laid out a town in ITitil, which they called Wcstbourn. When the ]iost office was established, it was named Zanesville, and in a shurt time the village took the same name. A few families settliid on the west side of the river, soon after McCulloh arrived, and as this locality grew well, not long afti^r a store and tavern was opened here. Mr. Mclntire built a double log cabin, which was nsed as a hotel, aud in which Louis Philijijie, King of France, was once enter- tained. Although the fare and accommodations were of the pioneer period, the honorable guest seems to have enjoyed liis vi.sit, if the statements i if Lewis Cass in his " (!anip aud Court of Jiouis Philip]ie" may be believed. In 1804, Muskingum County was formed by the Legislature, and, fcjr a while, streniicms efforts made to secure the State ca]iital by the citizens of Zanes- ville. Tliey even ert-cted buildings for the? u.se of the Legislature and Governor, and during the ses- sions of 1810-1 1, the temporary seat of govern- ment was fixed here. When the permanent State capital was chosen in 1810, Zanesville was piussed by, and gave up the hope. It is now one of the most enterprising towns in the Muskingum \' alley. During the summer of ITi'", .lolui Knooji, then living four miles above Cincinnati, made several expeditions u]) the Miami Valley and selected the land on which he afterwanl located. The next .spring .Mr. Knoop. his brother I?eiijamin. Henry (Jarard, Benjamin Hamlet and John Tildus estab- lished a station in what isimw .Miami County, near the present town of Staunton \'illage. That sum- mer, Mrs. Knoop planted the first a]>])le-tree in the Miami* country. They all lived together for greatcT safety for two years, during which time they were occupied clearing their farms ami erect- ing dwellings. During the summer, the site of PiijuawiLs settled, and three young men located at a jilace known as " Freeman's Prairie." These who •Tin- woni Mliitni in tho Indian tonf^no Hlgniflod motlier. The MiamtH vffrv tho crlKiiiill owni-rs of thp valley by that namo, anfl afflmipfl thny vtvrv created there. settled at Piipia were Samuel llilliard. Job Garard, Shadrae Hudson, Jnnah Itiillins, Daniel Cox, Thomas llich, and a Mr. Hunter. The last nameUec'ion-'. pal chief of that tribe. Another portion of the tribe then live tlements were also made along the river below Hunter's, on Rush Creek, Raccoon and Indian Creeks, I'leasant Run, Felter'sRun, at Tobeytown, Muddy I'rairie, and on Clear Creek. In the fall, — lyiil) — J.iseph ]>oveland and Hezekiah Smith built a log grist-mill at the Upper Falls of the Hockhocking, aft^Tward kn(}wn as Rock Mill. This was the first mill on this river. In the latter part of the year, a mail rcjute was estaljlished over the trace. The mail was carried through <.in horse- back, and, in the settlements in this locality, was lefl at the cabin of Samuel Coates, who lived on the prairie at the crossings of the river. *Lecture of George Anderson. — Hotce's Cotlectiona. 116 HISTORY OF OHIO. In tlio fall of the next year, Ebenezcr Zanc laid (lilt Ijanta.ster. which, until 1805, was known :us New Lanciuster. The lots sold very rapidly, at $50 each, and, in less than one year, <(uito a vil- lajje apjK^ared. December 9, the Governor and .Indues of the Northwest Territory organized Fairtielil ("oiinty, and made Lancaster th(! county seat. The ne.\t year, Rev. John Wriuht, of the I'rcsbyterian ('lunch, and Revs. Asa Shinn and James Qninn, of the .Methodist Church, came, and i'niin that time on schools and cliuichcs Were main- tained. Not far from Lanc;ister are immense mural es- carpments of sandstone formation. They were noted among the aborigines, and were, probably, u.sed by tlu^ni as places of ontlook and dcfriise. The .same summer Fairlicld County was settled, the towns of IJethel and Williamsburg, in Cler- mont County, were settled and laid out, and in IcSOO, the county was erected. A S('ttlement was also made immediately south of Fairfield County, in Hocking County, by (Chris- tian Westenliavcr, a (lernian, from near Ilagers- town, iMd. He came in the spring of 171IS, and was .soon joined by several families, who formed (piitc a settlement. The territory included in the county remained a part of Ross, Holmes, Athens and Fairfield, until ISIS, when Hocking County was erect(^d, and Logan, which had been laid out in ISK), was made the county seat. The country coni|iri.scd in thc^ county is rather broken, es])ecially along the Ilockhocking River. Tbis brokim country wa.s a fiivorite resort of the Wyandot Indians, who could ea.sily hide in the numerous grottoes and ravines mad(! by the river and its ailliients .is the water cut its way through tile sandstone rocks. In 170S, .soon alter Zanc's trace was cut through the country, a ^\v. (Iraham located on the site of (Cambridge, in (iuernscy ("ounty. His was then the only ie jiersons kept a tavern and ferry over Will's Creek. Fn April, ISO:!, Mr. Reymcr was .succeccled by John Reatty, who eanic from Loudon, V^i. His family consisted of eleven )iersons. The Indians linnted in this vicinity, and were fre(piciil visitors at the tavern. In June, ISOCi, Cambridge! w;is laid out, and on llu? day the lots were offered for sale, si!V- cral families from the Rritish Isle of Guernsey, near the eoa.st of France, stopjK'd here on their way to the We.st. They were .satisfied with the location and purcha.scd many of the lots, and some land in the vicinity. They were soon followid by other families from the sami; place, all of whom settling in this locality gave the name to the county when it w;is erected in 1810. A settlement was made in the central part of the State, on Darby Creek, in Cnion County, in the summer of ITUS, by James and Jo.shna Kwing. The next year, they were joined by Samuel and David Mitclu'll, Samuel iNIitchell. Jr., Samuel Kirkpatrick and Samuel McCullough.and. in ISOII, by tiveral trees, various devices, evidently the- work of Indians. The bark was carefully shaved off two-thirds of the way around, and figures cut U]K)n the wood. On one of these was (h'lineated .seven Indians, c(|uii>ped in a par- ticular manner, one of whom w:us without a head. This was supjiosed to have been made by a party on their return westward, to give intelligence to * Jlowe's Collections. their fi'iends behind, of the lo.ss of one of their jiarty at this place ; and, on making search, a hu- man skeletim was discovered near by." * The celebrated Indian hunter, Brady, made his remarkable leap across the Cuyahoga, in this county. The county also contains Brady's Pond, a large sheet of water, in which he once made his escape irom the Indians, from which circumstance it received its name. The locality comprised in Clark County was settled the same summer as those in Summit County. John llum]ihries came to this part of the State with (_!en. Simon Kenton, in 1T90. With them came six families from Kentucky, who settled north of the site of Springfield. A fort was erected on Mad River, for security against the In- dians. Fourteen cabins were soon built near it, all being surrounded b}' a .strong ])ieket fence. David Lowery, one of the pioneers here, built the first flat-boat, to operate on the Great Jliami, and, in 181)0, made the first trip on that river, coming down fi-om Dayton. He took his boat and cargo on down to New Orleans, where he disposed of his load of " five hundred venison hams and bacon." Springfield w;ls laid out in ^larch. 1801. (Iriffith Foos, who came that spring, built a tavern, which he completed and opened in June, remaining in this jilaee till 1814. He often staled that when emigrating \V^est, his j)arty were four days and a half glutting from Franklinton, on the Scioto, to Springfield, a distam-e of fijrty-two miles. When crossing the Big Darby, they were oiiliged to carry all their goods over on horseback, and then drag their wagons across with ropes, while some of the party swam by the side of the wagon, to jirevent its up.setting. The site of the town was of such ]iractical beauty and utility, that it soon attracted a larg(! number of settlers, and, in a few years, Springfield was incorporated. In 1811, a church was built by the residents for the use of all denom- inations. Clark County is made famous in aboriginal liistorv, as the birthplace and childhood home of the noted Indian, Tecumseh.f He was Ikjiu in • llowf 'a Collections. tl't'CiimSHli, or Tocunishc, wiw a son of Pnckrsliinwn, a mcmlur of Iho KiKcopoki' tribe, nnil Mi-tlioiitiuiki', of llie Tiirlle trllie of the Shiiwiinec nsllon. They ren.ovcil from FIoiMii to Oliio soon ufter IlieiriOiirringe. Tlie lalher, Piiekewliiiiwn, ro(*o t«) tlo-rank t>f a rliief, ami fi'H at ttie buttle of Point Pledsant, in 1774. .\fter his detitli, the mother, MethoatUNke, returned to the sooth, where Kbe died at an advanced nee. Tecnm-eh was liorn about the year 1768. He early showed a pa/<8ion (or war, and, when only ".^7 yean* of age, whs made a chief. The next year he removed to Deer Creek, in the vicinity of Urbana. ami from there lo the site of Piqim. on the Great Miami. In {''JH he accepted the invitation of the Delawares in the Ticiuity of White River, Indiana, and from that time made :^ HISTORY OP OHIO. 121 the old Indian town of Piqua, the ancient Piqua of the Shawanees, on the north side of Mad River, ahout five miles west of Sprinijfield. The town was destroyed by the Kentucky Rangers under Gen. George Rogers Clarke in 1780, at the same time he destroyed " Old Chillieothe." Immense fields of standing corn about both towns were cut down, compelling the Indians to re.sort to the hunt with more than ordinary vigor, to sustain them- selves and their wives and children. This search insured ."afety for some time on the borders. The site of Cadiz, in Harrison County, was settled in Ajjril, ITSHI, by Alexander Henderson and his family, from Washinirton County, Penn. Wlien they arrived, they found neighbors in tlie persons of Daniel Peterson and his family, who lived near the forks of Short Creek, and wlio liad preceded them but a very short time. The next year, emi- grants began to cross the ( )liio in great numbers, and in five or six years lar;;e settlements could be seen in this part of the State. The county was erected in 181-1, and Cadiz, laid out in 1803, made the county seat. While the settlers were locating in and about Cadiz, a few families came to what is now Monroe County, and settled near the present town of Beallsville. Sliortly after, a few persons settled on the Clear Fork of the i>ittle Muskingum, and a few others on the east fork of Duck Creek. The next season all tliese settlements received addi- tions and a few other localities were also occupied. Before long the town of Beallsville was laid out, and in time became quite populous. The county was not erected until 1813, and in 1815 AVood.sfield was laid out and made the seat of justice. ■■' The opening of the season of 1800 — the dawn of a new century — saw a vast emigration west ward. Old settlements in Ohio received immense increase of emigrants, while, branching out in all directions like the rndii of a circle, other settle- ments were constantly formed until, in a few years, all jiarts of the State knew the presence of the white man. Towns sprang into existence here and there ; mills and factories were erected ; post offices and post-routes were established, and the comforts and conveniences of life began to appear. With this came the desire, so potent to the mind of all American citizens, to rule themselves through representatives chosen by their own votes. Hith- erto, they had been ruled by a Governor and Judges appointed by the President, who, in turn, appointed county and judicial officers. The arbitrary rulings of the Governor, St. Clair, had arrayed the mass of the people against him, and made the desire for the second grade of government stronger, and finally led to its creation. CHAPTER X. FORMATION OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT— OHIO A STATE— THE STATE CAPITALS— LEGIS- LATION— THE ''SWEEPING RESOLUTIONS "—TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNORS. SETTLEMENTS increased sn rapidly in tliat i jiart. of the Northwest Territory inehided in Ohio, during the decade from 1788 to 171*8, des}iite the Indian war, that the demand for an electinn of a Territorial Assembly could not be ignored by mnH Wo.thington, Eiias Langhani,SHmuel Findley and Edward Tithn. The five gentlemen chosen as the Upper House were all from counties afterward included in Ohio. 4 123 HISTORY OF OHIO. nr 1 '|ipCT House. These five were Jacob Burnet, JaiiK's Findley, Henry Vanderburgh, Robert Ohver and David A'aucc. On the lid of March, the Senate conlirincd tlieir nomination, and the Territorial (iovernment ol' Ohio* — or, more jirop- erly, the Northwest — wa.s complete. As this comprised the essential business of this body, it was prorogued by the Governor, and the Assembly directed to meet at the same place September 10, 1795', and proceed to the enactment of laws for the Territory. That day, the Territorial Legislature met again at Cincinnati, but, for want of a quorum, did not organize until the 24th. The House consisted of nineteen members, seven of wliom were from Ham- ilton County, four from Ross, three from ^Vayne, two from Adams, one from Jefferson, one from Washington and one from Knox. Assembling both branches of the Legislature, Gov. >St. Clair addre.-ised them, reconnnciuling such me;i.sures to their consideration n», in his judgment, were suited to the condition of the country. The Council then organized, electing Henry \'anderburgh, Presi- dent; AVilliam C. Scheiick, Secretary; George Howard, Doorkeeper, and Abraham Carey, Ser- geant-at-arms. The House also organized, electing Edward Tif- fin, Sjieaker; John Reilly, Clerk; Joshua Row- land, Doorkeeper, and Abraham Carey, Sergeants at-arms. Tliis was the first legislature elected in the old Nortiiwe.stcrn Territory. During its first session, it pa.ssed thirty bills, of which the (lovernor vetoed eleven. They al.so elected William Henry Harri- son, then Secretary of the Territory, delegate to Congre.'^s. The Legislature continued in session till December 1!1, having much to do in forming new laws, when they were prorogued by the (Jov- ernor, until the first Monday in Xovember, ISOO. The second sessi' princijHii tiieiiteror action, tliOHliort r..«nnn' Kiven Iiere in maiie nccea'Miry in tlio lo^icnl conrwe of eventH. oliio, tu Oliio, noTer existed until the creation of the State in March, ieu3. of the eastern, or old part of the Territory, Will- iam McMillan and Paul Fearing were elected to the vacancies caused by this act. By the organ- ization of this Territory, the counties of Knox, St. Clair and Raudoljih, wei-e taken out of the juri,><- diction of the old Territoi-y, and with them the representatives, Henry \'andenbui-gh. Shadrach Bond, John Small anil John Edgar. Before the time fi)r the next .\ssembly came, a new election had occuri-etl. and a few changes were the result. Robert Oliver, of .^larietta, was cho- sen S])eaker in the ])lace of Henry A'andt-rburgh. There was considerable business at this si;ssion ; several new counties were to be erected ; the coun- try was rapidly filling with people, and where the scruples of the Governor could be overcome, some organization was made. He was very tenacious of his power, and arbitrary in his rulings, affiniiing that he, alone, had the power to create new coun- ties. This dogmatic exercise ftf his veto power, his rights as ruler, and his defeat by the Indians, all tended again.-^t him. resulting in his dLvplaee- ment by the J'resident. This was done, however, just at the timethe Territory came from the second grade of governnu*nt. and the State was created. The third .session of the Territorial l.iegislature continued from November 24, 18U1, to January 28, 1802, when it adjourned to meet in Cincin- nati, the fourth Monday in November, but owing to rea.sons unide obvious by subsequent events, was never held, and the third session marks the decline of the Territorial government. .\])ril SO, 1802, Congress pa.ssed an act "to I enable the ])eo]>le of the eastei'n division ol' the territory northwest of the Ohio River, to form a ' constitution and State government, and for the admission of such States into the I'nion on an e(|ual tooting with the original State.s, and for other ]mr|»ises." In pursuance of this act, an election had been held in ibis part of the Territm-y, and ini^inbtus of a constitutional convention eho- .sen, who were to meet at Chillieothe, Noveniljer 1, to perforin the duty assigned them. 1 The peo])le throughout the country contemplat- ed in the new Slate were anxious for the adojition of a Statt! government. The ai'bitrary acts of the Territorial Governor had lieighteiied this feeling ; the censiLs of the Territory gave it the lawliil number t)f inhabitants, and nothing stooil in its way. The convention met the day designated and proceeded at onee to its duties. When the time arrived for the opening of the Fourth Territorial HISTORY OF OHIO. 123 Legislature, the convention was in session and had evidently about completed its labors. The mem- bers of the Legislature (eight of whom were mem- bers of the convention) seeing that a speedy termination of the Territcjrial government was inev- itable, wisely concluded it was ine.\pedient and unnecessary to hold the propo.sed session. The convention concluded its labors the 20th of November. The Constitution adopted at that time, though rather crude in some of its details, was an excellent organic instrument, and remained almost entire until llSal, when the present one was adopted. Either is too long for insertion here, but either will well pay a perusal. The one adopted by the convention in 1802 was never submitted to the people, owing to the circumstances of the times ; but it was submitted to Congress February 19, 1803, and by that body accepted, and an act passed admitting Ohio to the Union. The Territorial liovernment ended March 3, 1803, by the organizaticm, that day, of the State government, which organization defined the j)res- ent limits of the State. " We, the people of the Eastern Division of the Ter- ritory 01 the Uniteil States. N'ortliwest of the Hiver Ohio, having the riglit of admission into tlie General Government as a member of the Union, consistent with tlie Constitution of tlie United States, the Ordinance of Congress of one thousand seven hundred and eighty- seven, aiul of tlie law of Congress, entitled ' An act to enaWe the people of tlie Eastern Division of the Terri- tory of tlie United States Xortliwest of the River Ohio, to form a Constitution and a State tiovernmcnt, and for the admission of such State into the Union on an equal fooling with the original States, and for other purpo- ses ;' in order to establish justice, promote the well- fare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish the follow- ing Constitution or form of government; and do mu- tually agree with each other to form ourselves into a free and independent Stale, by the name of the State of Ohm."*— Preamble, Constilution of 1S02. ^\^len the convention forming the Constitution, completed its labors and jiresented the results to Congress, and that body passed the act forming * The name of the State is derived from the river forming its southern boiindai-y. Its origin is somewliat obscure, but is com- monly ascribed to th«> Indians. On this point, Col. Johnston says: " Tlie Sliawanoese called the Obio River 'Kis-ke-pi-Ia. Sepe, i. e., ^Eagle River.* The Wyan-tots were in the country generations before the Shawanoese, and, consequently, their name of the river is the prim- itive one and should stand in preference to all othera. Ohio may be called an improvement on the expression, ^0-he-zuh,* and was, no i doubt, adopted by the early French voyagers in their boat-songs, and is subsiantially the same wort as used by the Wyandots: the meaning applied by the French, fair and beautiful 'In belle river,* being the same precisely as that meant by the Indians — 'greal, grand and fair to look upon.' " — Hotoe^B Collectionn. I Webster's Dictionary Rives the word as of Indian origin, and ita meaning to be, '* Beautiful." 1 the State, the territory included therein was di- vided into nine counties, whose names and dates of erection were as follows: Wa,shiugton, July 27, 1788; Hamilton, Janu- ary 2, 1700; (owing to the Indian war no other counties were erected till peace was restored); Ad- ams, July 10, 1797; Jefferson, July 29, 1797; Ro.s.s, Augu.st 20, 1798; Clermont, Fairfield and Trumbull, December 9, 1800; Belmont, Septem- ber 7, 1801. These counties were the thickest- settled part of the State, yet many other localities needed organization and were clamoring for it, but owing to St. Clair's views, he refused to grant their requests. One of the first acts on the as- sembling of the State Legislature, March 1, 1803, was the creation of seven new counties, viz., Gal- lia, Scioto, Geauga, Butler, Warren, Greene and Montgomery. Section Sixth of the "Schedule" of the Consti- tution required an election ibr the various officers and Representatives necessary under the new gov- ernment, to be held the second Tuesday of Janu- ary, 1803, these officers to take their seats and as- sume their duties March 3. The Second .\rticle provided for the regular elections, to be held on the second Tuesday of October, in each year. The Governor elected at first was to hold his office until the first regular election could be held, and thereafter to continue in office two years. The January elections placed Edward Tiffin in the Governor's office, sent Jeremiah Jlorrow to Congress, and chose an Assembly, who met on the day designated, at Chillieothe. Michael Baldwin was chosen Speaker of the Hou.se, and Nathaniel JLtssie, of the Senate. The As.sembly appointed William Creighton, Jr., Secretary of State ; Col. Thomas Gib.son, Auditor ; William JIcFarland, Treasurer; Return J. Meigs, Jr., Samuel Hun- tington and William Sprigg, Judges of the Su- preme Court ; Francis Dunlevy, Wyllys Silliman and Calvin Pease, President Judges of the First, Second and Third Districts, and Thomas Worth- ington and John Smith, United States Senators. Charles Willing Byrd was made the United States District Judge. The act of Congress forming the State, con- tained certain roiiuisitions regarding public schools, the " salt springs." ]iublic lands, taxation of Gov- ernment lands, Syiumes' purchase, etc., which the constitutional convention agreed to with a few minor considerations. These Congress accepted, and passed the act in accordance thereto. The First General Assembly found abundance of work ■\^ '.£. 134 HISTORY OF OHIO. to do regarding these various items, and, at once, set themselves to the task. Laws were passed re- garding all these ; new counties created ; officers appointed ii)rthc same, until they could he elected, and courts and macliiucry of guvernment put in motion. Presitlcnt Judges and lawyers traveled their circuits holding courts, ottcn in the cipcn air or in a log shanty ; a constable doing duty a.s guard over a jury, probably seated on a log under a tree, or in the bushes. The President Judge in- structed the officers of new counties in tlicir duties, and though the whole keeping of matters accorded with the times, an honest feeling generally pre- vailed, inducing each one to peribnn hi.s part an effectually a.s his knowledge permitted. The State continually tilled with people. New towns anise all over the country. Kxcejiting the occasional sicknesses caused by the new climate and fresh soil, the general health of the jMMiple im- proved as time went on. They were fully in ac- cord with the President, Jcffcr.son, and carefidly nurtured those jirinciplcs of per.sonal liberty en- grafted in the fundamrnt;il law of 1787, and later, in tiie Constitution of the State. Little if any change occurred in the natural cour.se of events, Ibllowing the change of govern- ment until Burr's expedition and plan of secession in 1805 and 180(i appeared. What his plans were, have never been definitely ascertained. His action rclat' 126 HISTORY OF OHIO. LIST OF TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNORS, From llie orgatuzation of the first civil government in tht Northwest Territory (1788 to 1802), 0/ UJ/iicA the State of Ohio was apart, tintil the year 1880. (a) Arthur St. Clair *Charles Williuj; Bynl (4) Edward Tiffin (c) fThomas Kirkei- Suniuel Huutinj;liiii (d) lleturn Jonallian Meigs.. |(.)thniel Looker Thomas Wurllniigloii {e) Ethan .\llen lirowii fAllen Trimble Jeremiali Morrow A lien Tr i rnhlc Duncan Mc.Vrt luir Robert Lucas Joseph Vance W ilson Shannon Tliiuiias Corwin (/) Wilson .Shannon |Thomas W. Barlley Mordccai Barlle.v William Hebl (g) Seabnry Ford (A) Reuben Wood (.;)1[ William Medill Salmon I'. Chase W i lliam Uennison David Tod {k) .lohn Brougli jiCharles Anderson .. Jacob I). Cox KutherfcM-d li. Hayes Edward F. Noyes William Allen (/) Kulherl'ord B. Hayes (m) Thomas L. Young Kii'hard M. Bishop (Jharles Foster Hamilton Ross .\dams Trumbull Washingtcdi ... Hamilton Ross Hamilton Highland Warren Highlainl [loss Pike Champaign ... IJelmont Warren Belmont Uichland Itichland Uutler Geauga (^uyahoga Fairfield Hamilton Franklin Mahitning Cuyahoga Monlgoniery. Trumbull llamilfim Hamilton Ross Sandusky.. .. Hamilton Hamilton Sandusky Term Commenced. July 13, March March Dec. Dec. April Dec. Dec. Jan. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec, .\pril Dec. Dec. Jan. Dec. July Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Aug. .Ian Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. March Jan. Jan. 1788 1802 1803 1807 1808 1810 1814 1814 1818 1822 1822 182( 1830 1 832 18;3fi 1838 184(1 1842 1844 1844 1841 184<» 18-)( 18.-,:: 18r,(; 18i;o 1862 18(14 180.' 18C)( 18(18 1872 1874 187( 1877 1878 1880 Term Ended. March 3, March 4, Dec. 12, Dec. 8, March 2f>, Dec. 8, Dec. Jan. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. .\pril Dec. Dec. Jan. Dec. July Jan, .Ian. .Ian. Jan. Aug. ,la]i. Jan. .Ian. Jan. Jan. March Jan. Jan. 1802 18(13 1807 I808 1810 1814 1814 1818 1822 1822 1826 1830 1832 183(i 1838 1840 1842 1844 1844 184(5 184!l ISriO 1853 1856 1860 1862 18C>4 1865 1866 1868 1872 1874 1876 1877 1878 1880 fa) Arthur St. Clair.of PennitylTania, was GoTomor of the North- went Territory, of wliicholiio was a part, from .Inly 13, 178H,wtien ttie (Init civil Roveriinient Wiu( establiHlied ia the Territory, until atioilt the cI'Kie of ilie yntr Isip-J, wlien be was removed hy the Preeident, •Secretary of tlie Territory, and was acting Governor of tlie Territory after the removal of Gov. St. Clair. (6) It.'HiKNi.cl March II, l.S(l7. t'l accept the olTico of U. S. Senator. (c) Ketnrn .Fntiathiin Meijfit wan elected Governor on the second Tnewday of (tctoher, lso7, over Nathaniel Maasie, who contested the election of M<-i|^, on llie(;roiind that *'he hail not been a resident of tills Stale f.ir fonr years next jirecwling the election, as required hy the ('.omtitution,'* and the Genera] Assemtily, in Joint convention, declared tliat lie was not eligible. The othce was not Kiven tt M4ywie, nor doc.H It appear, fntrn the reci>nl« that he claimed It, but Thomas Kirk'-r, aettriK iJovcrnor, continued todischarpe the duties of thoofllroiuitil December 12,1808, when Samuel IlantiiiKton was inauRuraterl. he liavinR been elected on the second Tuewlay of October in that year id) Resigned March 2.1, 1814, to accept the olHco of Postmaster- Genorul uf the United States. («) Resigned January 4, 1822. to accept the offlco of Oniled States Senator. (/) Resigned April 13. 1814, t,> accept the offlce of Minl»ter to Mexico. (;/, The result of the election iu 1S4S was not llnally deternnned in joint convention of the two houscii ;h tho jealousies of the offieers, withstood the attaek, and rejiulsed the British and their red allies, who returned to Detroit, and tlie Americans to Fort MiArthur. In the tall of 1812, Gen. Harrison ordered a detachment of six hundred men, mostly nmunted, to destroy the Indian towns on the Alissisineway River, one of the head-waters of the Wabash. The winter set in early and with unusual severity. At the same time this expedition was carried on, Bonaparte w;ls retreatini*; from Moscow. Theexj)e- ditiun accouijilished its desij;n, thouj;'h the troops sutFcred irreally fnjni the cold, no less than two hundred men lieinj; more or less frost bitten. Gen. Harrison determined at once to retake Michif^an and establish a line of defense along the southern shores of the lakes. Winchester was sent U) occupy Forts Wayne and Defiance; Perkins' brigade to Lower Sandusky, to fortify an old stockade, and some Pennsylvania troops and artil- lery sent there at the same time. As soon as Gen. Harrison heard the results of the MissLs- ineway expedition, he went to Chillicothc to con- sult with Gov. Meigs about further movements, and the best methods to keeji the way between the Upper .Nliami and the Maumce continually ojien. He also sent (reii. Winchester word to move for- ward to the rapids of the Maumee and prepare for winter f|uartt^rs. This Wincliester did by the middle of Jaiuiary, 1818, establishing himself on the northern bank of the river, just above Wayne's old battle-gnmnd. He wa.s well fixed here, and wasenabledtogive his troops good bread, made from corn gatliered in Indian corn-fields in this vicinity. While here, the inhabitants of Frenchtown, on the Raisin River, about twenty miles from Di'troit, sent Wincliester Word claiTuing pmteetion from the threatened Britisii and Indian invasion, avowing themselv(!S in sympathy with the Americans. A council of war decideil in fiivor of their re([Uo.st, and Col. Lewis, with 5.">(l men, .sent to their relief. Soon after. Col. Allen wa.s sent with more troops, and th(' enemy Ciusily driven away from about Kreiichtowii. Word was sent to Gen. Winchester, who determiued to march with all the men he could spare to aid in holding the post gained. He left, the IDth of January, with 2.")(l men, and ar- rived on the evening of the 20th. Failing to take the neces,sary precaution, from some unex- plained rea.son, the enemy came up in the night, cstabli.shed his batteries, and, the next day, sur- prised and defeated the American Anuy with a terrible loss. Gen. Winchester was made a pris- oner, and, finally, those who were intrenched in the town surrendered, under promise of Proctor, the British commander, of protection from the Indians. This promise was grossly violated the next day. The savages were allowed to I'nter the town and enact a ma.s.sacre as cruel and bloody as any in the annals of the war, to the everlasting ignominy of tho Britisii General and his troops. Those of the American Army that escaped, ar- rived at the rapids on the evening of the 22d of January, and soon the sorrowful news .spread throughout the army and nations. Gen. Harrison set about retrieving the disaster at once. Delay could do no good. A fort was Imilt at the rapids, named Fort Meigs, and troops from the south and west hurriedly advanced to the scene of action. The investment and capture of Detroit was aban- doned, that winter, owing to the defeat at French- town, and expiration of the terms of service of many of the troojw. Others took their places, all jiarts of Ohio and bordering States .sending men. The erection of Fort jMeigs w:us an obstacle in the path of the British they determined to remove, and, on the 2Sth of February, 18i;5, a large band of British and Indians, under command of Proc- tor, Tecumseli. Walk-in-the-water, and other In- dian chiefs, ap])eared in the .Maumee in boatf, and pre])ared for the attack. Without entering into details regarding the investment of the fort, it is only necessary to add, that afler a prolonged siege, liusting to the early part of May, the British were obliged to abandon the fort, having been severely defeated, and sailed for the Canadian shores. Next followed the attacks on Fort Stephen.son, at Lower Sandusky, and other predatory excur- sions, by the British. All of the.se failed of their design; the defen.se of Maj. Croghan anther probable the number has increased but little. The question of canals began to agitate the Western country during the decade succeeding the war. They had been and were being constructed in older countries, and presaged good and prosper- ous times. If only the waters of the lakes and the Ohio River could be united by a canal run- ning through the nndst of the State, thought the people, prosperous cities and towns would arise on its banks, and commerce flow tlirough the land. One of the firmest fi-iends of such improvements was De Witt Clinton, who had been the chief man in forwarding the " Clinton Canal," in New York. He was among the first to advocate the feasibility of a canal connecting Lake Erie and the Ohio River, and, by the success of the New York canals, did much to bring it about. Popular writers of the day all urged the scheme, so that when the Assem- bly met, early in December, 1821, the resolution, offered by Micajah T. Williams, of Cincinnati, ^^ :>.: 130 HISTORY OF OHIO. for the appointment of a committee of five mem- bers to take into consideration so much of the Governor's mcssiuji; as related to canals, and sec if some feasible plan could not be ailopted whereby a beninninj; could be made, was ((uickly adojjtid. Tlie report of the committee, advisin;:; a survey and examination of routes, met with the approval of the Assembly, and commissiuncrs wi-re ap- pointed who were to employ an engineer, examine the country and report on the practicability of a canal between the lakes and the rivers. The com- missinners employed James (ieddes, e Witt Clinton, (lovernor of New York, and a mighty concourse oi' people assembled to witness the auspicious event. Gov. ('linton was escorted all over the State to aid in developing the energy ev(Tywhere ajiparent. The events were important ones in the history of the State, and, though they led to the creation of a vast debt, yet, in the end, the canals were a benefit. The main canal — the Ohio and Krie Canal — ■ was not coinpK'teil till 1S;!2. The Maumec Canal, from Dayton to Cinciniiati, was finished in 1S;{4. They co.st the State about Sli.'KIU.UOO. Kaeh of tlu^ main canals had branches leading to important towns, where their construction coulil be made without too much exjien.se. The Miami and Mau- mee Canal, from Cincinnati northward along the Miami River to Pifpia, thence to the Mauniee and on to the lake, was the largest canal niadt^, and, for many year?;, was one of the most imjiortant in the State. It joined the Wabiush Canal on the east«'rn boundary of Indiana, and thereby saved the construction of many miles by joining this great canal fnun Toledo to Kvansville. The largest artificial lake in the world, it is said, was built to su]p]ily water to th<' Miami Canal. It exists yet, though the canal is not much used. It is in the eiustern part of Mercer County, and is about nine miles long by from two to four wide. Tt was formed by raising two walls of earth from ten to thirty feet high, called res])ectively the east and west embankments ; the first of which is about two miles in length ; the sec(md, about four. Tlie.'^e walls, with the elevation of the ground to the north and south, formed a huge ba.sin, to retain the water. The reservoir w:us commenced in 1837, and finished in 1845, at an expense of several hundred thousand dollars. When tin-^t built, dur- ing the accumulatidii of water, much malarial disease jirevailed in the surrounding country, owing to the stagnant condition of the water. The citi- zens, enraged at what they considered an innova- tion of their rights, met, and, during a dark night, tore out a portion of the hnver wall, letting the water flow out. The damage cost thousands of dollars to repair. All who participated in the proceedings were liable to a severe imprisonment, but the state of ieeliiig was such, in Mercer County, where the offense was committed, that no jury could be found that would try them, and the afl'air gradually died out. The canals, so efficacious in their day. were, however, superseded by the railroads rajiidly find- ing their way into the West. From Hngland, where they were early used in the collieries, the transition to America was easy. The first railroad in the United States was built in the summer of 182t>, from the granite (|uarry belonging to the Bunker Hill Monument As.socia- tion to the wharf landing, three miles distant. The road was a slight decline from the ipniny to till! wharf, hence the loaded cars were pro julled by their own gravity. On their return, when empty, they were drawn up by a single horse. Other roads.or tramways, i|uickly fi)llowed this. They were built at the I'l iinsylviinia coal mines, in South Carolina, at New Orleans, and at Baltimore. Steam nnitive power was used in 1SI51 or 1S.'!2, first in America on the HaltimcirecV Ohio Railroad, and in Charlestown, on a railroad there. To tran.sfer these highways to the West wms the question of but a few years' time. The ))rairies of Illinois and Indiana ofl'ered superior inducements to such enterjirises. ami. early in 1835, they began to be agitated there. In 1838, the first rail was laid in Illinois, at Meredosia, a little town on the Dlinois River, on wliiil is now the Wabash Railway. '■The first railroad made in Ohio," writes (!aleb Atwater, in his "History of Ohio," in 1838, "was fiaished in 183G by the people of Toledo, a town ^" >> HISTORY OF OHIO. 131 some two years old then, situated near the mouth of Maumee River. The road extends westward in- to Michigan and is some thirty miles in length. There is a road about to bo made from Cincinnati to Springfield. This road follows the Ohio River up to the Little Miami River, and there turns northwardly up its valley to Xcnia, and, passing the Yellow Springs, reaches Springfield. Its length must be about ninety miles. The State will own one-half of the road, individuals and the city of Cincinnati the other half This road will, no doubt, be extended to Lake Eric, at Sandusky City, within a few short years." "There is a railroad." continues Mr. Atwater, "about to be made from Painesvillc to the Ohio River. There are many charters for other roads, which will never be made." Mr. Atwater notes also, the various turnpikes as well as the famous National road from 15altiuiore westward, tlum completed only to the mountains. This latter did as much as any enterprise ever en- acted in building up and populating the West. It gave a national thoroughfiire, which, for many- years, was the principal wagou-way from the At- lantic to the Mississippi Valley. The railroad to wliich Mr. Atwater refers a.s about to be built from Cincinnati to Springfield, was what was known as the iMad River Railroad. It is commonly conceded to be the first one built in Ohio.* Its history shows that it was chartered March 11, 181^0, that work began in 1837; that it Wiis completed and opened for business from Cincinnati to Milford, in December, 1842; to Xe- nia, in August, 18-15, and to Springfield, in Au- gu.st, 1846. It wa.s laid with strap rails until about 1848, when the present form of rail was adopted. One of the earliest roads in < )bio was what was known as the Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Rail- road. It was chartered at first as the Monroeville & Sandusky City Railroad, March 9, 1835. March 12, 183)!, the Mansfield & New Haven road was chartered; the Columbus & Lake Erie, March 12, 1845, and the Huron & Oxford, February 27, 1846. At first it ran only from Sandu.sky to Monroeville, then from Mansfield to Huron. These * Hon. E D. Mansfield states, in 1873, that the " first aetual piece of railroad laiil in Ohio, was made on the Cincinnati & Sandnsky Railroad ; hut, ahont the same time we have the Little Miami Rail- road, which was surveyed in 1836 and 1837. If this, the generally accepted opinion, is correct, then Mr. Atwater's statement as given, is wrong. His history is, however, generally conceded to he correct. Written in 1838, he surely ought to know whereof he was writing, aa the railroads were then only in construction ; but few, if any, in operation. two were connected and consolidated, and then ex- tended to Newark, and finally, by connections, to Columbus. It is unnecessary to follow closely the history of these improvements through the years succeeding their introduction. At first the State owned a share in nearly all railroads and cantils, but finally finding itself in debt about $15,000,00(1 ft.r .such improvements, and learning by its own and neigh- bors' experiences, that such policy was detrimental to the best interests of the jieople, abandoned the {)lan, and allowed private parties entire control of all such works. After the close of the Jlexiean war, and the return to solid values in 1 854 or there- abouts, the increase of railroads in all parts of (_)hio, as well as all parts of the West, was sim]ily marvel- ous. At this date there are more than ten thou- •sand miles of railroads in Ohio, alongside of which stretch innumerable lines of telegraph, a system of swifl mes.sages invented by Prof Slorse, and adopted in the United States about 1851. About the time railroad building began to as- sume a tangible shape, in 1840, occurred the cele- brated politictd campaign known in history as the " Hard Citler Campaign." The gradual encroach- ments of the slave power in the West, its arrogant attitude in the Congre.ss of the United States and in several ,Stat« legislatures : its forcible .seizure of slaves in the free States, and the enactment and attempted enforcement of the " fugitive slave" law all tended to awaken in the minds of the Northern people an antagonism, terminating only in the late war and the abolishment of that hideous system in the United States. The " Whig Party" strenuously urged the abridgment or confinement of slavery in the Southern States, and in the contest the party took a most active part, and elected William Henry Harrison President of the United States. As he had been one of the foremost leaders in the war of 1812, a resident of Ohio, and one of its most pop- ular citizens, a log cabin and a barrel of cider were adopted as his exponents of popular opinion, as expressive of the rule of the common people repre- sented in the cabin and cider, in turn representing their primitive and simple habits tif life. Though a rugi;ed man when elected, he lived but thirty days after his inauguration, dying April 9, 1841. Jolin Tyler, the Vice President, succeeded him in the office. The building of railroads; the extension of com- merce ; the settlement of all parts of the State ; its growth in commerce, education, religion and \ 133 HISTORY OF OHIO. population, are the chief events friim 1841 to the an in.sane iJea that something could be had for iMexiean war. Hard times occurred ahout as often nothing. The bubble burst its often a.s inflated, as they do now, preceded l)j "flush" times, when ruining many people, but seemingly teaching few speculation ran rife, the jteople all infatuated with lessons. CHAPTER XII. MEXICAN WAR— CONTINUED GROWTH OF PART IN THE THE STATE— WAR CONFLICT. OF THE REBELLION— OHIO'S T III'] .^lexican War grew out of the (juestion of I disease and laid down his life. The regiment's the annexation of Texas, then a jirovinee of j Colonel, who had been wounded at Monterey, came Mexico, whose territory extended to the Indian TiTritory on the north, and on up to the Oregon Territory on the Pacific C'oiust. Texas had bei^n settled largely b}' Anu^ricans, who saw the condi- tion of art'airs that would inevitably ensue did the country remain umlcr Mexican rule. They first to(]k steps to secede from Mexico, and then a.sked the aid of America to sustain them, and annex the country to it.self The Wiiig party and nuui}' others opposed this, chiefly on the grounds of the extension of slave territory. But to no avail. The war came on, Jlexico w:us con(iuered, the war lasting from April 20, l.S4(i, to May 3(1, 1.S48. Fifty thousand vol- unteers were callt!d for the war by the Congress, and §10,00(1.(1(10 placed at the disposal of the I'residi'iit, James K. I'olk, to sustain the army and prosecute the war. The ])art that Ohio took in the war may be briefly sunnned up a.s follows: 8he had five vol- unteer rcginicnts, five companies in the Fifteenth Infantry, and several inde])endent companies, with her full jiroportion among the regulars. When war w;ls declared, it was something of a crusade to many; full of romance to others; hence, many more were ofterod than could be received. It -was a cam])aign of romance to some, yet one of reality, ending in death, to many. When the first call for troops came, the First, home, removed to Minnesota, and there died. Lieut. Col. Weller went to California after the close of the war. He was a representative from that State in the halls of Congress, and, at last, died in New Orleans. The Second Reginient was commanded by Col. George W. Morgan, now of Mount Vernon ; Lieut. Col. William Irwin, of Lanca.ster, and Maj. Will- iam Wall, After the war closed, Irwin settled in Texas, and remained there till he died. Wall lived out his days in Ohio. The regiment was never in active field .service, but was a credit to the State. The officers of the Third Regiment were. Col. Samuel Curtis; Lieut. Col. (i. W. McCook and Maj. John Love. The first two are now dead ; the I^Iajor lives in Connellsville. At the close of the first year of the war, these regiments (First, Seccmd and Third ) were mustered out of service, as their term of eidistmeut had expired. When the second year of the war began, the call fur more tron])s on the part of the tlovernment inducid the Second Ohio Infantry to re-organize, and again enter the service. William Irwin, of the former organization, was cho.scn Colonel; William Latham, of Columbus, Lieutenant Colonel, and Jiink, of Cirdeville, Major, All of them are now dead The regular army was increased by eight 01 Second and Third Regiments of infantry responded regiments of infixntry, the Third Dragoons, and at once, .\l<'xaiidi-r .Mitchell Wius nuidc Colonel of the First; John D. Wellerits Lieutenant Cnloml ; and (iiddings, of Dayton, its Major. Thomas Hanna, otie of the ablcjit lawyers in ( )hio, starteil with the First as its Major, but, before the regi- ment left the State, he was made a Brigadier (leneral of \oIuntcirs, and, at the battle of Mon- terey, distinguished liiui.self ; and there contracted the \'oltigcurs — light-armed .soldiers. In the Fif- teenth Itcginient of the- I'nited States Army, there were five ( )hio companii's. The others were three from Michigan, and two from Wisconsin. (^>1. Morgan, of the old Secoinl, was made Colonel of the Fifteenth, and John Howard, of Detroit, an old artillery officer in the regular army. Lieutenant Colonel. Samuel Wood, a captain in the Sixth ^ ( liL^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 133 United States Infantry, was made IMajnr ; but was afterward succeeded by Mill, of Vermont. The Fitteentli wa.siu a number of skirmishes at first, and later in the battles of Coutreras, Cherubuseo and Chapultepec. At the battle of Cherubuseo, the Colonel was severely wounded, and ^laj. Mill, with several officers, and a large number of men, killed. For gallant service at Coutreras, Col. Mor- gan, though only twenty-seven years old, was made a Brevet Brigadier General in the United States Army. Since the war he has delivered a number of addresses in Ohio, on the campaigns in Mex- ico. The survivors of the war are now few. Though seventy-five thousand men from the United States went into that conflict, less than ten thousand now survive. They are now veterans, and as such de- light to recount their reminiscences on the fields of Mexico. They are all in the decline of life, and ere a generation passes away, few, if any, wiU be left. After the war, the continual growth of Ohio, the change ,in all its relations, necessitated a new organic law. The Constitution of 1852 was the result. It re-affirmed the political principles of the "ordinance of 1VS7 " and the Constitution of 1802, and made a few changes necessitated by the advance made in the interim. It created the office of Lieutenant Governor, fixinjf the term of service at two years. This Constitution yet stands notwithstanding the prolonged attem]it in 187.^-74 to create a new one. It is now the orsianic law of Ohio. From this time on to the opening of the late war, the prosperity of the State received no cheek. Towns and cities grew ; railroads midtiplied ; com- merce was extended ; the vacant lands were rapidly filled by settlers, and everything tending to the advancement of the people was well prosecuted. Banks, after much tribulation, had become in a measure somewhat secure, their only and serious drawback being their isolation or the confinement of their circulation to their immediate localities. But signs of a mighty contest were apparent. A contest almost without a parallel in the annals of history; a contest between freedom and .slavery; between wrong and riglit ; a contest that could only end in defeat to the wrong. The Republican party came into existence at the close of President Pierce's term, in 1 855. Its object then was, prin- cipally, the restriction of the slave power ; ultimately its extinction. One of the chief exponents and sup- porters of this growing party in Ohio, was Salmon P. Chase ; one who never faltered nor lost faith ; and who Wiis at the helm of State; in the halls of Con gress; chief of one the most important bureaus of the Government, and, finally. Chief Justice of the United States. When war ciune, after the election of Abraham Lincoln by the Republican party, Ohio was one of the first to answer to the call for troops. Mr. Chase, while Governor, had re-organized the militia on a sensible basis, and rescued it from the ignominy into which it had fallen. When Mr. Lincoln asked for seventy-five thousand men, Ohio's quota was thirteen regiments. The various chaotic regiments and militia troops in the State did not exceed 1,50(1 men. The call w;ls issued April 15, 1801 ; by the 18th, two regiments were organized in Columbus, whither the.se companies had gathered ; before sunri.se of the 1 9th the Jir.st and second regiments were on their way to Wash- ington City. The President had only asked for thirteen regiments; thirti/ were gathering; the Government, not yet fully comprehending the nature of the rebellion, refused the surplus troops, but Gov. Dennison was authorized to put ten additional regiments in the field, as a defensive me;isure, and was also authorized to act on the defensive as well as on the offiinsive. The immense extent of southern border made thLs necessary, HA all the loyal people in West Virginia and Ken- tucky asked for help. In the limits of this history, it is impossible to trace all the steps Ohio took in the war. One of her most talented sons, now at the head of one of the greatest newspapers of the world, says, regard- ing the action of the people and their Legislature : " In one part of the nation there existed a grad- ual growth of sentiment against the Union, ending in open hostility again.st its integrity and its Con- stitutional law; on the other side stood a resolute, and determined people, though divided in minor matters, firmly united on the question of national supremacy. The people of Ohio .stood squarely on this side. Before this her people had been di- vided up to the hour when-t- "'That fierce and sudden flash across the rugged black- ness bi'oke. And, with a voice that shook the land, the guns of Sum- ter spoke; ********* And whereso'er the summons came, there rose the angry din. As when, upon a rocky coast, a stormy tide sets in.' " All waverings then ceased among the people and in the Ohio Legislature. The Union must be >y 134 HISTORY OF OHIO. preserved. Tlie white heat of patriotism and fe- alt}' to the fla^ tliat had been vietorious in three wars, and iiad never met but temporary defeat then mehcd all parlies, and dissolved all liesitation, and, Ajiril 1 S, 1 Sti I , by a unanimous vote oi' ninety-nine Kejiresentatives in its favor, there wa.s pa.s.sed a l)ill appropriating $5()(),Ut)0 to earry into effect the recpiisition of the President, to ])roteet the National Uoverument, of whieli sum $45(),()U(t were to piirehasc arms and ecpupments for the troops rei(uired by that nHjuisition as tlie (juota of Ohio, and S5(),tK)(l as an extraordinary contingent fund for the Governor. Tiie connni.ssiuners of tlie State Sinking Fund were authorized, by the same bill, to borrow this money, on the G per cent bonds of the Slate, and to i.ssue for the same certificates, freeing sueli bonds fi-om ta.xation. Then followed other such legislation that declared the projierty of volunteers free from executicju for debt during their term of service; that declared any resident of the State, who gave aid and comfort to tlu; enemies of the Union, guilty of trea.son against the State, to be punished by imprisonment at hard labor for life; and, as it had become already evi- dent that thousands of militia, bi^yond Ohio's cjuota of the President's call, would volunteer, the Legislature, adopting the sagacious sugirestion of Gov. Dennison, resolved that all excess of volunteers should be retained and ))aid for .service, under direction of the (loveriior. Thereupon a bill was pa,s.sed, authorizing the acceplanc(^ of volunteers to form ten regiments, and ]iroviding $500,(100 for their arms anil eiiuipments, and 81,500,000 more to be disbursed for troops in ease of an in- va.sion of the State. Tlwn other legislation was enacted, looking to and jiroviiling against the ship- ment from or through the State of arms or nm- nitions of war, to States either assuming to be neutnd or in open rebellion; organizing the whole' body of the State militia; providing suitable offi- cers f<)r duty on the staff t)f the Governor; re- quiring contracts for subsistence of volunteers to be let to the lowest bidder, and authorizing the apjiointment of additional general othcers. " Hefore thi' adjournment of that Legislature, the Speaker of th(^ IIou.se had resigned to take comtnand of one of the regiments then about to start for Washington City; two leading Senators liad been ajiiiointed Urigadier (lenerals, and njany, in fact nearly all, of the other mcnd)ers of both hou,ses had, in one capacity or another, (-ntercd tlii^ military service. It w:ls the first war legislature over elected in Ohio, and, und(T sudden j)rc.ssure. nobly met the first shock, and enacted the first me;Lsures of law for war. Laboring under difficul- ties insc]iarable from a condition so unexpected, and in the performance (if duties so novel, it may be historically stated that fir j)atriotisra, zeal and ability, the Ohio Legislature of IStil was the equal of any of its successors ; while in that exu- berance of patriotism which oljliterated party lines and united all in a common effort to meet the threatened integrity of the United States as a nation, it surpa,ssed them both, "The war was fought, the slave power forever destroyed, and uiuhr additional amendments to her organic law, the Tnited States wi])e(l the stain of human slavery from her escutcheon, liberating over four million liuman beings, nincteen-twi'ntieths of whom were native-born residi^nts. "When Lee surriMulcred at Apjiomattox Court House, Ohio had two hundred n^gimcnts of all arms in the National service. \u the cour.se of th(' war, she had furnished two hundred and thirty regiments, besides twenty-six independent batteries of artillery, five indi'pendent companies of cavalry, several companies of sharpshooters, largi' parts of five regiments credited to the West Virginia con- tingent, two regiments credited to the Kentucky contingent, two transferred to the United States colored troojis, and a large proportion of the rank and file of the Fifty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Mas,sa- eliusetts Regiments, also colored men. Of the.se or- ganizations, twenty-three were infantry reginients furnished onthe fir.st call of the I'residcnt, an ex- cess of nearly one-half over the State's {piota ; one hundred anil ninety-one were infantry regimeiit.s, furnished on sub.sequent calls of the I'rcsident — one hundred and sevi^nteen tor three years, twenty- seven for one year, two fi>r six months, two for three months, and forty-two for one hundred days. Thirteen were cavalry, and three artillery for three years. Of these tliree-years troops, over twenty thousand re-enlisted, a.s veterans, at the end of their long term of .service, to fight till the war would end. ' As original members of the.se organizations, Ohio furnished to the National ,service the magnificent army of :U0,(ir)4 actual soldiers, omitting from the above number all tho.se who paid commuta- i tion money, veteran enlistnuMits, and citizens who enlisted as soldiers or sailors in other States. 'I'he count is made from the rejiorts of the Provost Marshal General to tin' War |)(>partment, Penn- sylvania gave not quitch "JS.OOO more, while Illinois fell .18,000 behind; Indiana, ll(i,000 less; l^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 137 Kentucky, 235,000, and Miissachusetts, 104,000. Thus Ohio more than maintained, in the National army, the rank among lier .sister.s wliioli her popu- lation supported. (Jhio furnished more troops than the President ever required of her ; and at the end of the war, with more than a thousand men in the camp of the State who were never mustered into the service, .she still had a credit on the rolls of the War Department for 4,332 soldiers, beyond the aggregate of all quotas ever assigned to her; and, besides all these, 6,479 citizens had, in lieu of personal service, paid the commutation ; while In- diana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania and New York were all from five to one hundred thousand behind their quotas. So ably, through all those years of trial and death, did she keep the promise nf the memorable dispatch from her first war ( Jovt-rmir : " If Kentucky refuses to fill her quota, Ohio will fill it for her." "Of these troops 11,237 were killed or mor- tally wounded in action, and of these (),r)t)3 were left dead on the field of battle. They fought on well-nigh every battle-field of the war. Witlun forty-eight hours after the first call was made fur troops, two regiments were on the way to W'ash- ington. An Ohio brigade covered the retreat from the first battle of Bull Run. Ohio troops formed the bulk of army that .saved to the T^nion the territory afterward erected into West A'irginia ; the bulk of the army that kept Kentucky from seceding; a large part of the army that cajttured Fort Douelson and Island No. 10; a great part of the army that from Stone River and Cliickamauga, and Mission Ridge and Atlanta, swept to the sea and captured Fort McAllister, and north through the Carolinas to Virginia." When Sherman started on liis famous march to the sea,someone said to Pre.sident Lincoln, "T hey will never get through; they will all be captured, and the I^nion will be lost." " It is impossible," replied the President ; "it cannot be done. There is a mic/hfi/ siffht of fight in one hundred thou- sand Western men." Ohio troops fought at Pea Ridge. They charged at Wagner. They helped redeem North Carolina. They were in the sieges of Vicksburg, Charleston, Mobile and Richmond. At Pittsburg Landing, at Antietam, Gettysburg and Corinth, in the AVilderness, at Five Forks, befnre Nashville and Appomattox Court House ; " their bones, reposing on the fields they won and in the graves they fill, are a perpetual pledge that no flag shall ever wave over their graves but that flag they died to maintain." Ohio's soil gave birth to, or furnished, a Grant, a Sherman, a Sheridan, a McPherson, a Roseerans, a McClellan, a McDowell, a Mitchell, a Gilmore, a Hazen,a Sill, a Stanley, a Steadman.and others — all but one, children ofthe country, reared at West Point for such emergencies. Ohio's war record shows one General, one Lieutenant General, twenty Major Generals, twenty seven Brevet Major Generals, and thirty Brigadier Generals, and one hundred and fifty Brevet Brigadier Generals. Her three war Governors were William Dennison, David Todd, and John Brough, She furnished, at the same time, one Secretary of War, Edwin JI, Stanton, and one Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase. Her Senators were Benjamin F. Wade and John Sherman. At least three out of five of Ohio's able-bodied men stood in the line of battle. On the head stone of one of these soldiers, who gave his life for the country, and who now lies in a National Cemetery, is inscribed these words : '• We charge the living to preserve that Constitution we liave died to tlefend." The close of the war and return of peace brought a period of fictitious values on the country, occa- sioned by the immense amount of currency afloat. Property rose to unheard-of values, and everything with it. Ere long, however, the decline came, and with it " hard times." The climax broke over the country in 1873, and for awhile it seemed as if the country was on the verge of ruin. People found again, as preceding generations had found, that real value was the only basis of true prosper- ity, and gradually began to work to the tact. The Government established the specie basis by- gradual means, and on the 1st day of January, 1879, began to redeem its out.standing obligations in coin. The efi'ect was felt everywhere. Busi- ness of all kinds .sprang anew into life. A feeling of confidence gTew as the times went on, and now, on the thre.shold ofthe year 1880, the State is en- tering on an era of steadfitsl prosperity ; one which has a sure and certain foundation. Nearly four years have elaped since the great Centennial Exhibition was held in Philadelphia; an exhibition that brought fi-om every State in the Union the best products of her soil, factories, and all industries. In that exhibit Ohio made an ex- cellent display. Her stone, iron, coal, cereals, woods and everything pertaining tu her welfare were all represented. Ohio, occupjaiig the middle ground of the LTnion, was expected to show to foreign na- tions what the valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio t^ 138 HISTORY OF OHIO. coulil jirciduec. The State nobly stood the tost and ranked foremost amonj^ all others, ller cen- tennial buildiiii; was among the first completed and among the neatest and best on the grounds. During the summer, the Centennial Comuiissiou extended invitations to the Governors of the several States to ajijioiut au orator and uami! a day for his delivery of an address on the history, progress and resources of his State. Gov. Hayes named the lion. Edward I). Mansfield for this purpose, and August !)th, that gcmtlemaii delivered an address so valuable for the matter which it contains, that we here give a .synoiisis of it. CHAPTER XIII. (IHIO IN THE CENTENNIAL— ADDRESS OF EDWAKD D. MANSFIELD, LL. V., nilLADELrHU, AUGUST '.I, 1870. ONE hundred years ago, the w1k)1o territory, from the Alleghany to the Rocky Mountains was a wilderness, inhabited only by wild beasts and Indians. The Jesuit and Moravian missionaries were the only white men who had penetrated the wilderness or beheld its mighty lakes and rivers. While the thirtiu'n old colonies were declaring their independence, the thirteen new States, whicb now lie in the western interior, had no existence, and gave no sign of the future. The solitude of nature was unbroken by the .steps of civilization. The wi.se.st statesman had not conlcm|ilatiHl the probability of the coming States, and the boldest patriot did not dream that this intc^rior wilderness should .soon contain a greater poj)ulation than the thirteen old States, with all the added growth of one hundred years. Ten years at\er that, the old States had ceded their Westeini lands to the General Government, and the Congress of the United States had pa.s.sed the ordinance of 17.'^5, for the survey of the pub- lic territor}', and, in 17S7, the celebrated ordinance which or'jinized the Northwestern Tc^rritory, and dedicated it to fn-edom and intelligence. Fith'cu years after that, and more than a (|uarter of a eeutury after the Declaration of Indepind- ence, the State of Ohio was admitted into the Union, being the seventeenth which acce]ited the ConstitutiiMi of the United States. It has .since grown up to be great, populous and jtrospcrous under the influence of those ordinances. At her admittance, in 1803, the tid<,- of emigration had begun to flow over the Alleghanies into the Valley of tiie Mis.sis.sippi, and, although no steamboat, no railroad then existed, nor even a stage coach helped the immigrant, j'et the wooden " ark " on the Ohio, and the heavy wagon, slowly winding over tlu! mountains, bore the.se tens of thousands to the wilds of Kentucky and the plains of Ohio. In the spring of 1T.S8 — the first year of settlement — four thousand five hundred persons pii.s.sed the mouth of the Muskingum in three months, and the tide continued to ]>our on lor half a century in a widening stream, mingled with all the races of Europe and America, until now, in the hundredth year of America's independence, t he fi ve States (jf the Norlhwestern Territory, in the wilderness of 177(1, contain ten millions of people, enjoying all the blessing's which ]]cace and jirosperity, freedom and Christianity, can ccjufcr upon any peo]ile. Of tlu-se five States, born under the ordinance of 17H7.0hio is the first, oldest, and. in many things, the greatest. In sonu^ things it is the greatest State in the Union. Let us, then, attempt, in the briefest terms, to draw an outline portrait of this great and remark- able commonwealth. Let us ob.serve its physical aspects. Ohio is just one-sixth part of the Northwestern Territory — tO,0(M) s(|nare miles. It lies between 1/ake l''rie and the Ohio River, having 2110 miles of navigable waters, on one side flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, and on the other into the (iulf of Mexico. Through the lakes, its vessels touch on tl.tMIO miles of interior coa.st, and, through the Mis,si.'ns for 1S32 — a jieriod of pro- found peace — gives the following ratios for the leading countries of Kuro])e: Great Britain, ana 12(I,:{L'4 miles; amount of grain, 2(i2, 5(1(1,000 bushels; rate per sijuare mile, 2.1!I0 to 1; Austria — area 258, ()08 miles ; amount of grain, 30(!,.S(l(l,(MMIbu.shels; rate l)er square mile, 1,422 to 1 ; France — area 215,858 miles; amount tjf grain, 233,847,:J00 bushels ; rate per .s(|uare mile. 1,080 to 1. The State of Ohio — area per square miles, 40,(J()0; amount of grain, 1511.0(1(1,(1(1(1 bn.'^hels ; rate per .si|uare mile, 3.750. Combining the great countries of (Jreat Britain, Au.-itria. and I'rance, we find that they had 5!t4,785 square miles and produced 8()3, 147. 3(10 bushels of grain, which was, at the time the.se statistics were taken, 1,450 bushels per STjuare mile, and ten bushels to each oiii' of the population. Ohio, on the oiIht liatid. had l>,750 bushels per .s<|uare mile, and lil'ty bushels to each one of the )io]iulalion ; that is, there was five time.s as much grain rai.sed in Ohio, in proportion to the people, as in these great countries of Europe. As letters make words, and words express ideas, so these dry figures of statistics express facts, and these facts make the whole history of civilization. Let us now look at the statistics of dimiestic animals. These are always indicative of the state of .society in regard to the jihysieal comforts. The hor.se must furnish domestic conveyances ; the cattle must furnish the products of the dairy, as well as meat, and the sheep must furnish wool. Let us see how Ohio compares with other States and with Europe : In 1870, Ohio had 8,818,000 domastic animals; Illinois, 0,925,000; New York, 5,283,000; Pennsylvania, 4,493,000; and other States less. The |iroportion to pojmlation in these States was, iu Ohio, U) each jierson. 3.3 ; Illinois, 2.7; New York, 1.2; Peimsylvania, 1.2. Let us now see the pro]>ortion of domestic ani- mals in Europe. The results given by .MeGregor's .statistics are : In Great Britain, to each ])erson, 2.44; IUis.sia, 2.00 ; France, 1.50; I'russia, 1 .02; Au.stri;i, 1.00. It will be seen that the prop(Olion in (ireat IJritain is only two-thirds that of Ohio; in France, only one-half; and in Austria and Prussia only one-third. It may be said that, in the course of civilization, the number of animals diminishes ;».s the density of population incre;ises ; and, therefore, this result might have been ex- pected ill the old countries of Europe. ]{ut this does not a]iply to Hu.-^sia or Germany, still Icvs to other States in this country. Ku.ssia in Europe has not more than half the density of jxijiulation now in Ohio. Austria and Prussia have less than 150 to the .sipiare mile. The whole of the north of Europe has not .so den.-^e a ]iopulation as the State of Ohio, still le.ss have the States of Illinois and Missouri, west of Ohio. Then, therefore, (_)hio showing a larger ])roi)orti(Ui of domestic ani- mals than the north of Euro])e. or States we.st of her, with a po])ulation not so dense, we see at once there nmst be other causes to produce such a phenomemm. Looking to some of the incidental results of this va.st agricultural production, we see that the United States exports to iMiropi' immense amounts of grain and provisions ; and that there is manufact- ured in this country an immen.-ic amount of wooh'U goods. Tlu'n. taking these statistics of the raw material, we find that Ohio produces (nic-Jiflh of all tin; wool; oiu-mvinlli of all the cheese; une- ilijlilli of all the corn, and oiie-lcntfi of all the wheat; and yet Ohio has but a /(/iirtfriith ])art of the jiopulation, and onr-iljhliith part of the sur- face of this country. HISTOKY OF OHIO. 141 Let us take another — a commercial view of this matter. We have seen that Ohio raises five times as much grain per square mile as is raised per S((uare mile in the empires of Great Britain, France and Austria, taken together. After making allow- ance for the differences of living, in the working classes of this country, at least two-thirds of the food and grain of Ohio are a surjjlus beyond the necessities of life, and, therefore, so much in the commercial balance of exports. This corresponds with the fact, that, in the shape of grain, meat, liquors and dairy products, this va.st surplus is con- stantly moved to the Atlantic States and to Europe. The money value of this exported product is equal to 81(10,000,000 per annum, and to a solid capital of $1,500,00(1,000, after all the .su.stenance of the people has been taken out of the annual crop. We are speaking of agriculture alone. We are speaking of a State which began its career more than a ((uarter of a century after the Declaration of Independence was made. And now, it may be asked, what is the real cause of this cxtracirdinary result, which, without saying anything invidious of other States, we may safely say has never been surpassed in any country? We have already stated two of the advantages possessed by Ohio. The fir-st is that it is a compact, unbroken body of arable land, surrounded and intersected by water- courses, equal to all the demands of commerce and navigation. Next, that it was .secured forever to freedom and intelligence by the ordinance of 1787. The intelligence of its future people was secured by immense grants of public lands for the purpose of education; but neither the blessings of nature, nor the wisdom of laws, could obtain such results without the continuous labor of an intelligent people. Such it had, and we have only to take the testimony of Washington, already quoted, and the statistical results I have given, to ]irove that no people has exhibited more steady industry, nor has any people directed their labor with more in- telligence. After the agricultural capacity and production of a country, its most important ])hysical feature is its mineral products; its capacity for coal and iron, the two great elements of material civiliza- tion. If we were to take away from Great Britain her capacity to produce coal in such vast quanti- ties, we should reduce her to a third-rate position, no longer numbered among the great nations of the earth. Coal has smelted her iron, run her steam engines, and is the basis of her manufactures. But when we compare the coal fields of Great Britain with those of this country, they are insig- nificant. The coal fields of all Europe are small compared with those of the central United States. The coal district of Durham and Northumberland, in England, is only 8SII square miles. There are other districts of smaller extent, making in the whole probably one-half the extent of that in Ohio. The English coal-beds are represented as more important, in reference to extent, on account of their thickness. There is a small coal district in Lancashire, where the workal>ie coal-beds are in all 150 feet in thickness. But this involves, as is well known, the necessity of going to immense depths and incurring immense expense. On the other hand, the workable coal-beds of Ohio are near the surface, and some of them require no ex- cavating, except that of the horizontal lead from the mine to the river or the railroad. In one county of Ohio there are three beds of twelve, six and four feet each, within fifty feet of the surface. At some of the mines having the best coal, the lead from the mines is nearly horizontal, and just high enough to dump the coal into the railroad cars. These coals are of all qualities, from that adapted to the domestic fire to the very best qual- ity for smelting or manufacturing iron. Recollect- ing these facts, let us try to get an idea of the coal district of Ohio. The liituminous coal region de- escending the western slopes of the Alleghanies, occupies large portions of Western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennes.see. I suppose that this coal field is not less than fifty thousand square miles, exclusive of Western Mary- land and the southern ternjinations of that field in Georgia and Alabama. Of this vast field of coal, exceeding anything found in Europe, about one- fifth part lies in Ohio. Prof Mather, in his report on the geology of the State (first Geologi- cal Report of the Stat«) says: " The coal-measures within Ohio occupy a space of about one hundred and eighty miles in length by eighty in breadth at the widest part, with an area of about ten thoasand S(|uare miles, extending along the Ohi(i from Trumbull County in the north to near the mouth of the Scioto in the south. The regularity in the dip, and the moderate incli- nation of the strata, afford fiicilities to the mines not known to those of most other countries, espe- cially Great Britain, where the strata in which the coal is imbedded have been broken and thrown out of place since its deposit, occasioning many slips and faults, and causing much labor and expense in again recovering the bed. In Ohio there is very i) "V 1-12 HISTORY OF OHIO. little difficulty of this kind, the faults being small and seldoin found." Xow, takiuf; into consideration these geolof^ical facts, let us look at the extent of the Ohio coal field. It occupies, wholly or in part, thirty-si.x counties, including, geographically, 14,000 S(juare miles ; but leaving out fractions, and reducing the Ohio coal field within its narrowest limits, it is 10,000 si|uare miles in extent, lies near the surface, and has on an average twenty feet thickness of work- able coal-beds. Let us compare this with the coal mines of Durham and Northumberland (Kngland), the largest and best coal mines therc^ That coal district is estimated at S.IO .s((uare mill's, twelve feet thick, and is calculated to contain 9,000,000,- 000 tons of coal. The coal field of Ohio is twelve tiiues larger and one-third thicker. Kstiniated by that standanl, the coal field of Ohio contains 180,- 000,000,0(10 tons of coal. Marketed at only S2 per ton, this coal is worth S:i60, 000,000,000, or, in other words, ten times as much as the whole valuation of the rnileil States at the present time. But we need not undertake to estimate either its quantity or value. It is enough to say that it is a quantity which wc can scarcely imagine, which is tenfold that of Hngland, and which is enough to supply' the entire continent lor ages to come. After coal, iron is beyond doubt the nio.st val- uable mineral product of a State. As the mate- rial of manufacture, it is the most important. What are called the " precious metals" are not to be compared with it as an element of indu.stry or profit. Hut since no manufactures can be success- fully carried on without I'uel, coal becomes the first material element of the arts. Iron is unquestion- ably the ne.xt. Ohio liius an iron district extending from the mouth of the Scioto Kivcr to some ])oint north of the .Mahoning llivcr, in Trumbull County. The whole length is nearly two hundred miles, and the breadth twenty miles, making, as near iis we can ascertain, 4,000 s(|uare miles. The iron in tliLs dis- trict is of various (pialities, and is manufactured lart^ely into bars and ca,-itings. In this iron dis- trict are one hundred furnace.', forty-four rolling- mills, and fifteen rail-mills, bi'ing the largest mim- ber of either in any State in the Union, except only Pennsylvania. .Ml hough only the seventeenth State in itsadmis- .sion, I find that, by the census .statistics ol' 1S7I), itisthe third State in the productionof ironand iron manufactures, .\lready, aii> 144 HISTORY OF OHIO. government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall he forever en- couraged;" and by the ordinance of 17S5 for the survey of public lands in the Northwestern Terri- tory, Section Iti in each townsliip, that is, one thirty-sixth part, w;is reserved for the iiiaiiiteuauce of public schools in said t48. As the schoolable age extends to twenty-one years, and as there are very few youth in school after fifteen years of age, it ibllows that the 70 per cent of schoolable youths enrolled in the {)ub- lic schools must comprehend nearly the wliole number between four and fitlecn years. It is im- portant to observe this fact, Ixjcause it lias been inferred that, as the whole number of youth be- tween five and twenty-one have not been enrolleub- lic schools of Ohio are thirty-four, including mathematics and astronomy, French, (Jerman and the classics. Thus the State which wa.s in the heart of the wilderness in 1771). and was not a State until the nineteenth century had begun, now presents to the world, not merely an unrivaled de- velopment of material pros))erity, but an unsur- passed system of pojiular education. In what is called the higher education, in the colleges and univi-i-sities. embracing the classics and sciences taught in regular classes, it is the pop- ular idea, and one which few dare to (juestion, that we must look to the E;ustcrn States for superiority and excellence ; but that also is becoming an as- sumption without proof; a jjroposition difficult to sustain. The facts in regard to the education of universities and colleges, their faculties, students and course of instruction, are all set forth in the complete statistics of the Hureau of Education for 1874. They show that the State of Ohio had the largest number of such institutions; the largest number of instructors in their faculties, excei>t one State, New York; and the largest number of .stu- dents in regular college classes, in projuirtion to th(ur ]io]mlation, except the two States of Connect- icut and iMa.ssachu.setts. l'erha]is, if we look at the statistics of classical students in the colleges, disregarding ])reparatory and irregular courses, we .shall get a more accurate idea of the ])rogre,ss of the higher education in those States which claim the best. In Ohio, 3(5 , colleges, 258 teachers, 2,139 students, proportion, 1 in 124; in Penn- sylvania, 27 colleges, 23!t teachers, 2,155!) students, proportion, 1 in 15(1; in New York, 2(j colleges, 343 t<'achers, 2,7(54 students, proportion, 1 in 17(5; in thesix NewKnglaixlSlates, 17 colleges, 252 teach- ers, 3,341 students, pru]jortion, 1 in 105; in Illi- r^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 145 nois, 24 colleges, 219 teachers, 1,701 students, proportion, 1 in 140. This shows there are more collegiate itistitutions in Ohio than in all New England ; a greater num- ber of college teachers, and only a little smaller ratio of students to the population ; a greater number of such students than either in New York or Pennsyl- vania, and, :is a broad, general fact, Ohio has made more jirogress in education than either of the old States which formed the American Union. Such a fact is a higher testimony to thestrenglh and the beneficent influeuce of the American ( Jovernment than any which the statistician or the historian can advance. Let us now turn to the moral aspects of the people of Ohio. No human society is found with- out its poor and dependent classes, whether made so by the defects of nature, by acts of Providence, or by the accidents of fortune. Since no society is exempt from these classes, it must be judged not so much by the fact of their existence, as by the manner in which it treats them. In the civil- ized natiims of antiipiity, such as Greece and Rome, hospitals, infirmaries, orphan homes, and asylums for the infirm, were unknown. These are the creations of Christianit}', and that must be esteemed practically the most Christian State which most practices this Christian beneficence. In ( )hio, ;is in all the States of this country-, and of all Christian countries, there is a largo number of the infirm and dependent classes; but, although Ohio is the third State in population, she is only the fourteenth in the proportion of dependent classes. The more important point, however, was, how does she treat them? Is there wanting any of all the varied institutions of benevolence? How does .she compare with other States and countries in this respect? It is believed that no State or coun- try can present a larger proportion of all these institutions which the benevolence of the wise and good have suggested for the alleviation of suffer- ing and misfortune, than the State of Ohio. With 3, .500 of the insane within her borders, she has five great lunatic asylums, capable of accommodat- ing them all. She has a.sylums for the deaf and dumb, the idiotic, and the blind. She has the best hospitals in the country. She has schools of reform and houses of refuge. She has "homes" for the boys and girls, to the number of 800, who are children of soldiers. She has penitentiaries and jails, orphan asylums and infirmaries. In every county there is an infirmary, and in every public institution, except the penitentiary, there is a school. So that the State has used every human means to relieve the suffering, to instruct the igno- rant, and tp reform the criminal. There are in the State 80, 000 who come under all the various forms of the infirm, the poor, the sick and the criminal, who, in a greater or less degree, make the dependent class. For these the State has made every provision which humanity or justice or intelligence can recjuire. A young State, de- veloped in the wilderness, she challenges, without any invidious comparison, both Europe and Amer- ica, to show her superior in the development of humanity manifested in the benefaction of public institutions. Intimately connected with public morals and with charitable institution.s, is the religion of a people. The people of the Unit^id States are a Christian people. The people of Ohio have man- ifested their zeal by the erection of churches, of Sunday schools, and of religious institutions. So far as these are outwardly manifested, they are made known by the social statistics of the census. The number of church organizations in the leading States were: In the State of Ohio, 6,488 ; in the State of New York, .5,627 : in the State of Pennsylvania, 5,984 ; in the State of Illinois, 4,298. It thus appears that Ohio had a larger number Cif churches than any State of the Union. The number of sittings, however, was not cpute as large as those in New York and Pennsylvania. The denominations are of all the sects known in this country, about thirty in number, the majority of the whole being IMethodists, Presbyterians and Baptists. Long before the American Indejiend- ence, the Moravians had settled on the Mahoning and Tuscarawas Rivers, but only to be destroyed ; and when the peace with (ireat Britain was made, not a vestige of Christianity remained on the soil of Ohio ; yet we see that within ninety years fi'om that time the State of Ohio was, in the num- ber of its churches, the first of this great Union. In the beginning of this address, I said that Ohio was the oldest and first of these great States, carved out of the Northwestern Territory, and that it was in some things the greatest State'of the American LTnion. I have now traced the physi- cal, commercial, intellectual and moral features of the State during the seventy-five years of its constitutional history. The result is to establish fully the propositions with which I began. These facts have brought out : 1. That Ohio is, in reference to the square miles of its surface, the first State in agriculture ^ (■ 146 HISTORY OF OHIO. of the American Union; this, too, notwithstand- ing it has 800,000 in cities and towns, and a large development of capital and products in nianu- facturis. 2. That Ohio has raised more grain persipuire mile than cither France, Austria, or (ircat Britain. They raised 1,450 bushels per sidation, is 1 in 4.2; in Illinois, 1 in 4.3; in IVnn>ylvania, 1 in 4.S; in New York, I in 5.2 ; in Connecticut and Maasaehusetts, 1 in 8.7. Th<',>rovided for school examiners, and made Township Clerks and County Auditors .school officers. In 182il, this county ta.x was rai.sed to three-fourths of a mill ; in 18S4 to one mill, and, in 188(1, to one and a half mills. In .March, I8H7, Samuel Lewis, of Hamilton County, was appointed State Superintendent of Com- mon Schools. Ilewasa veryenergetie worker, trav- eling on horsi'back all over the State, delivering ad- dres.ses and encouniging .school officers ami teachers. Through his efforts much good was done, and • From thi' ScIkhiI C'ommU^loiinrM' Ri'porm, principally tho«o of Thimi^i* W. Ilifrvpy, A. M. N',TC 1.— Tile nmt school iniiitht in Ohio, or In Ihn Northwonlprn T<'rrll..r)t. win lu IT'.U. Tht- nn.1 Irnchcr wii* Mjij Aui>Un Topper, i.|(li'Mti4'*n of (o-n. ilpiiJAmln Tilpi*r, lH,(h Krv..hHionnry nlli'on). The room ocoiiplinl waM I to* Hiinio tut ttml In utiicb th(» finti Court wiu liftd, AOn, i'alli',1 lhi. Htockioh*. lit Mitrlflla. I>iihri({ iIm* Iriilliin wiir nrliool wiut aIfw tan^lit lit Fort Hiirniitt. T'oint .Mnri'.lCa, urid ut othf,r Hut- i tli,ni,.ntii. A mf^'tioK wiiM hpW in M«rl<»tlM. April ",.'!». I7'.*7, to con- ' itl inntniction I of till, youth, iiihI for conflnctlnic rcliK'lonii nri-rii-i"!. KpriolulionH wi.ro ti IfTKintaniliipR TJiLliniliiiuK wan twclvi, rent liitfh, with no iirchi'd ci'lIInK It Mtoixl njioii a Hlono founilndon, thrro uti-pn froni tlio Ktounil. ThiTi- wiTptwochlmni-yii anil a lohby pniJiM-tlon Thi-n' wan n ci-llar iimliT Ihi- wholi- tiuilil- inir. It Rtooil upon a lioaiitiriil lot, frontlnfc thp Munklnpum RlTer, ■ml about fixty fi"--t Imck fioni the uln-i'l. Some largo iroea were many important features engratteil on tlu' .school system. He resigned in ISMD, when the officewas abolisheil, and its duties imposed on the Secretary of State, The most important adjunct in early education in the State Wiis the college of teachers organized in Cincinnati in 1881, Albert Pickett, Dr. Joseph Ray, William II. McGuffey — so largely known by his Lleadcr.s — and Milo (). Williams, were at its head. Leading men in all parts of the West at- tendeii it,s meetings. Their published deliberations did much for the advancement of education among the jicople. Through the efforts of the college, the fir.st convi'ntion held in Ohio tor educational purposes was called at Columbus, January 18, 188(i. Two years after, in December, the first convention in which the ditterent .sections of the State were represented, was held. At both these conventions, all the needs of the schools, both com- mon and higher, were ably and fully discussed, and appciils made to the people for a more cordial support of the law. No succe.s,sful attempts were made to organize a permanent educational .society until December, 1847, when the Ohio State Teach- ers' Association was formed at Aknjn, Summit County, with Samuel (lalloway as I'resident ; T. W. Harvey, Hecording Secretary ; .M. D. Leggett, Corresponding Secretary ; William Howeii, Trca.s- urer, ami .M. V. Cowdrey, Chairmanof the Kxecutive Committee, This A.s.sociation entered ujion it.s work with commendable earnestness, and Iius since upon (ho lot anil on the tttreet in front. Acrotui the street was au open common, and lieyond that the river. Imno.iliately ojijiosltfl tho door, on onteriiiR, wim a liniad ainle, and, iit tin- end of the aisle, against ttie wall, waa a desk or pulpit. On the ri^ht and left of the pulpit, at^aiiiHt the wall, and frontitii; the pulpit, wiut a row of Blips. Oti each side of the door, facing the pulpit, were two slips, find, at each end of the n>oni, one slip These slip- were stationary, and were fitted with desks that coiii,! he let town, and there were IxixcH In the desks for holding InsiRs and papers. In the center of the room was an o|H>n space, which could he filled with movable aeata. The first sctiool was oponod hero in 1800." — l^etUr of A. T. NoTR 2 — Another evidence of tho diameter of the New Kngland Assoclati,s is th-< founding of a public library as early as IIW, or before Another was also established at Ilelprc about the same time. Atinndant evidence proves tho existence of thesft libraries, all fond- log to tile fact that the early settlers, tliongli conquering u wlider- ni-BH and a savage fop, would not allow tlieir mental faculties to lack for food. The ciianictor of the books shows that '* solid " reading prodorolnatod. ^ IL^ HISTORY OF OHIO. 149 never abated its zeal. Semi-annual meetings were at first held, but, since 1858, only annual meetings occur. They are always largely attended, and al- ways by the be.st and most energetic teachers. The Association has given tone to the educational interests of the State, and ha.s done a vast amount of good in popularizing education. In the spring of 1851, Lorin Andrews, then Superintendent of the JIassillun school, resigned his place, and be- came a common-school missionary. In July, the Association, at Cleveland, made him its agent, and instituted measures to sustain him. He remained zealously at work in this relation until 1853, when he resigned to accept the presidency of Kenyoii College, at Gambler. Dr. A. Lord wa.s then chosen general agent and resident editor of the Journal of Education, which positions he filled two years, with eminent ability. The year that Dr. Lord resigned, the ex officio relati(]n of the Secretary of State to the common schools was abolished, and the office of school com- missioner again created. H. H. Barney was elected to the place in October, 1853. The office has since been held by Rev. Anson Smyth, elected in 1856, and re-elected in 1859; E. E. White, appiiiuted by the Governor, November 11, 18G3, to till the vacancy caused by the resignation of C. W. H. Cathcart, who was elected in 18t;2; John A. Norris, in 18(55; W. D. Henkle, in 18(18; Thomas W. Harvey, in 1871; C. S. Smart, in 1875, and the present incumbent, J. J. Bums, elected in 1878, his term expiring in 1881. The first teachers' institute in Northern Ohio was held at Sandusky, in September, 1845, con- ducted by Salem Town, of New York, A. D. Lonl and yV. V. Cowdrey. The second was held at Char- don, Geauga Co., in November of the same year. The first institute in the southern part of the State was held at Cincinnati, in February, 1837; the first in the central part at Newark, in March, 1848. Since then these meetings of teachers have occurred annually, and have been the means of great good in elevating the teacher and the public in educational interests. In 1848., on petition of forty teachers, county commissioners were author- ized to pay lecturers from surplus revenue, and the next year, to appropriate $100 for institute pur- poses, upon pledge of teachers to raise half that amount. By the statutes of 18(54, applicants for teachers were required to pay 5(1 cents each as an examination fee. One-third of the amount thus raised was allowed the use of examiners as trav- eling expenses, the remainder to be applied to in- stitute instruction. For the year 1871, sixty-eight teachers' institutes were held in the State, at which 308 instructors and lecturers were employed, and 7,158 teachers in attendance. The expense incurred wa.s Sl(5,361.i)ll. of which 810,127.13 was taken from the institute fund ; 82,730.34, was contrib- uted by members; $U80, by county commis- sioners, and the balance, $1,371.50, was ob- tained from other sources. The last report of the State Commissioners — 1878 — shows that eighty- five county institutes were held in the State, con- tinuing in session 748 days; 41(5 instructors were employed; 11,466 teachers attended; 822,531.47 were received from all sources, and that the ex- peases were $19,587.51, or $1.71 per member. There was a balance on hand of $9,460.74 to com- mence the next year, just now closed, whose work has been as progressive and thorough as any former year. The State Association now comprises three sections; the general a.ssociation. the superintend- ents' section and the ungraded school section. All have done a good work, and all report progress. The old State Constitution, adopted by a con- vention in 1802, was supplemented in 1851 by the present one, under which the General Assem- bly, elected under it, met in 1852. Harvey Rice, a Senator from Cuyahoga County, Chairman of Senate Committee on " Common Schools and School Lands," reported a bill the 29th of March, to provide "for the re-organization, supervision and maintenance of common schools." This bill, amended in a few particulars, became a law March 14, 1853. The prominent features of the new law were : The substitution of a State school tax for the county tax ; creation of the office of the State Scliool Commissioner; the creation of a Tuwiiship Board of Education, consisting of repre- sentatives from the subdistricts ; the abolition of rate-bills, making education free to all the youth of the State; the raising of a fund, by a tax of one- tenth of a mill yearly, " for the purpo.se of fur- nishing school libraries and apparatus to all the common .schools." This " librarj' tax " was abol- ished in 186(1, otherwise the law has remained practically unchanged. School journals, like the popular press, have been a potent agency in the educational history of the State. As early as 1838, the Ohio School Director was issued by Samuel Lewis, by legisla- tive authority, though after six months' continu- ance, it ceased for want of support. The same year the Pexfalozzian, by E. L. Sawtell and H. K. Smith, of Akron, and the Common School J^ \m HISTORY OF OHIO. Advocate, of Cincinnati, were issued. In 184(5, the Schiiol Joiiiiiid Ijegan to be (inblislii'd by A. D. Lord, of Kirtland. The same year saw the Free School Vtarion, by W. Bowen, of Massillon, and the School Friend, by W. B. Smitli & Co., of Cincinnati. The next year, \V. H. Moore & Co., of Cincinnati, started the Western School Journal. In 1851, the Ohio Teacher, by Tlionias Rainoy, appeared; the News ami Edu- cator, in ISli;}, and the Educational Times, in 18(j(i. In 1S5(I, Dr. hord'a Journal of Educa- tion was uiiit per cent. The fnnds are known as the \'irginia Mili- tiiry School Fund, the proceeds of eighteen (piar- t(!r-townships and three sections of land, selected by lot from lands lying in the United States Military Reserve, appropriated for the u.se of schools in the Virginia Military Reservation; the United States Military School Fund, the proceeds of one thirty-.sixth part of the land in the United States Military District, appropriated "for the u.se of schools within the same;" the Western Reserve School Fund, the proceeds from fourteen quarter- townships, situated in the United States Military District, uid l!7,758 acres, most of which Wius lo- cated in I'efiance, Williams, Paulding, \'an Wert and Putnam Counties, apjirojiriated f()r the u.se of the schools in the Western Reserve; Section 16, the jiroceeds from the sixteenth .section of each township in that part of the State in which the Indian title was not extinguished in 180.'i; the Moravian School Fund, the proceeds from one thirty-sixth part of each of three tracts of 4,000 acres situated in Tuscarawas County, orig- inally granted by Congress to the Society of United Brethren, and recouveyed by this Society to the United States in 1 8H4. The income of these funds is not distributed by any uniform rule, owing to defeet.s in the granting of the funds. The territo- rial divisions designated receive the income in proportion to the whole number of youth therein, while in the remainder of the State, the rent of Section 10, or the interest on the proceeds arising from its sale, is ])aid to the inhabitants of the originally surveyed townships. In these terri- torial divisions, an increase or decrea.se of pojjula- tion nuist necessarily increa.se or diminish the amount each youth is entitled to receive; and the iortunate location or judii of flour, whisky, bacon and tobacco to the lower towns on the ^lissLisippi, at that time in the possession of the Spaniards. At the French set- tlementti on the Illinoi^i, and at Detroit, were being raised much more than could be used, and these were exporting also large (piantities of the.se materials, jis well ;ls peltries aiul such commodities as their nomadic lives furnished. As the Missis- sippi was the natural outlet of the West, any at- tempt to ini|iede its free navigation by the various powers at times controlling its outlet, would lead at once to violent outbreaks among the Western settlers, some of whom were aided by unscrujiulous persons, who thought to form an indejiendent Western country. I'rovidence .seems to have had a watchful eye over all lhe.se events, and to have so guided them that the attempts with such objects ill view, invariably ended in di.sgrace to their per- petrators. This outlet to tile West was thought to Im; the only one that could ciirry their j)roduce to market, for none of tlie Westerners then dreamed of the imiiien.se sy.steiii of railways now <(ivering that part of the lliiioii. As soon lus ship-building eommeiK'i'd at Marietta, in the year ISOO, the farmers along the borders of thi' Ohio ami .^Iusk- iiiguni Rivers turned their attention to the culti- vation of hemp. in ailditimi tolheirotliererups. Inu tew years siifliiii'iit was rai.sed, not only lo furnish eorilage to the ships in the West, but large c(uan- lities Were Worked up in the various rope-walks and s<-iit lo the .\tlaiilic cities. Iron bad ben discovered, and Ibrges on llie .liiniala were busy convening that nece.xsary ami valued material into implements of inilustry. By the year 1S05, two .ships, seven brigs and three schuoncra had been built aud rigged by the citizens of Marietta. Their construction gave a fresh impetus to agriculture, as by means of them the surplus products could be carried away to a ftjreign market, where, if it did not bring money, it could be exchanged for merchandise etjually valuable. Captain David Devoll was one of the earliest of Ohio's shipwrights. He settled on the fertile Muskingum bottom, about five miles above Marietta, soon after the Indian war. Here he built a "floating mill," for making flour, and, in ISOl, a shij) of two hundred and fitly Ions, called the Muskingum, and the brig Hliza (Jreene, of one hundred and fifty tons. In 1804, he built a schooner on his own account, and in the spring of the next year, it was fini.shed aud loaded for a voyage down the Mis.sis,sippi. It was small, only of seventy tons burden, of a light draft, and intended to run on the lakes east of New Orleans, In shape and model, it fully sustained its name. Nonpa- reil. Its complement of sails, small at first, was completed when it arrived in New Orleans, It had a large cabin to accommodate passi'iigcrs, was well and finely painted, and ,sit gracefully on the water. Its load was ofa.ssorted articles, and shows very well the nature ofexjiorts of the day. It con- sisted of two hundred barrels ol'flour, fifty barrels of kiln-dried corn meal, four thou.-^and iinuiuls of chee.se, six thou.saiid of bacon, one hundred .sets of rum ])uneheoii shooks, and a few grindstones. The flour and uu'al were made at Captain Deviill's floating mill, and the cheese made in Helpre, at that date one of Ohio's most flourishing agricultural dis- tricts. The Captain and others carried on boating as well astlu! circumstances of the days permitted, fear- ing (Inly the hostility of the Indians, and the duty the Spaniards were liable to levy on boats going down to New Orleans, even if they did not take it into their erratic heads to .stop the entire navi- gation of the great river by vesst'ls other than their own. By such means, nierchandise was car- ried on almost entirely until the construction of canals, and even then, until modern times, the flat-boat was the main-stay of the shipjier inhabit- ing the country adjoining the ujijier Ohio and Mi.ssissip])i Rivers. Commonly, very little stock was kept beyond what WMs neces.siiry for the use of the lifcLilv and to perform tlu; labor on the farm. Tim Scioto N'alley was ]>erhaps the only exception inVdo to lhisg<>neral condition. Horses were broug1il|kth(^ emigrants from the East and were <^haracteris1.ic ol' that region. In the French settlement.s in Illi- nois and about Detroit, French ponies, marvels of f !£: HISTORY OF OHIO. 155 endurance, were eliiefly used. They were iiupractic- able in hauling the immense emigrant wagons over ihe mountains, and hence were comjiaratively unknown in Ohio. Until 1828, draft horses •wtn-e chiefly used here, the best strains being brought by the "Tunkers," " Mcnnonites," and '• Ormish," — three religious sect«, whose members were invariably agriculturists. In Stark, Wayne, Holm(!s, and Richland Counties, as a general thing, they congregated in communities, where the neat- ness of their farms, the excellent condition of their stock, and the primitive simplicity of their manners, made them conspicuous. In 1S28, the French began to .settle in Stark County, where they introduced the stock of horses known ils " Selim," "Flurizcl," "Post Boy" and "Timolen." These, crossed upon the descents of the Norman and Conestoga, produced an excellent stock of farm horses, now largely u.^ed. In the Western Reserve, blooiled horses were in- troduced a.s early as 1825. John I. Van Meter brought fine hor.ses into the Scioto Valley in 181.5, or thereabouts. Soon after, tine horses were brought to Steubenville from Virginia and Penn- sylvania. In Northern Ohio the stock Wits more miscellaneous, until the introduction of improved breeds from 1815 to 1885. By the latter date the strains of horses had greatly improved. The same could be said of other parts of the State. Until after 1825, only farm and road horses were required. That year a race-course — the first in the State — was established in Cincinnati, shortly followed by others at Chillicothe, Dayton and Ham- ilton. From that date the race-horse steadily im- proved. Until 1888, however, all race-courses were rather irregular, and, of those named, it is difficult to determine which one has priority of date over the others. To Cincinnati, the prece- dence is, however, generally given. In 1838, the Buckeye Course was established in Cincinnati, and before a year had elapsed, it is stated, there were fifteen regular race-courses in Ohio. The efiect of these courses was to greatly stimulate the stock of racers, and rather detract fi-om draft and road horses. The organization of companies to import blooded horses has again revived the interest in this class, and now, at annual stock sales, these strains of horses are eagerly sought after by those having occasion to use them. Cattle were brought over the mountains, and, for several years, were kept entirely for domestic uses. By 1805, the country had so far settled that the surplus stock was fattened on corn and fodder, and a drove was driven to Baltimore. The drove was owned by George Renick, of Chillicothe, and the feat was looked upon as one of great im- portance. The drove arrived in BiUtimore in ex- cellent condition. The impetus given by this movement of Mr. Renick stimulated gri'atly the feeding of cattle, and le])ort began until the civilization of the while race became established. From that time on, the increiuse in cro]is has grown with the State, and, excepting the great corn States of the Wrst, Ohio produces an amount eipial to any State ill the I'nion. The .statistical tables printed in agricultural reports show the acres planted, and bushels grown. Figures speak an unanswerable logic. Wheat is probably the next in importance of the cereals in the Stale. Its origin, like corn, is lo.st in the misis of antii|uity. Its biTry Wi\s no doubt used as fond l)y the ancients for ages anterior to any liistnrical rccnrds. It is ollen called corn in old writings, ami iinrjer that nam^ is fre<|Uently mentionril in thi' Bible. '•.\s far back in the vistas of ages as human records go, we find that wheat has been cultivated, and, with corn, aside from animal food, has formed one of the chief alimentary articles of all nations; but as the wheat plant has nowhere been found wild, or in a state of nature, the inference has lieen drawn by men of un(|uestioned scientific ability, that the original plant from which wheat has been derived was either totally annihilated, or else cul- tivation has wrought so great a dnuigc. that the original is by no means obvious, or manifest to bot- anists." It is supposed by many, wheat originated in Persia. Others affirm it was known and cultivated in Egypt long ere it found its way into Persia. It was certainly grown on the Nile ages ago, and among the tombs are found grains of wheat in a perfectly sounil condition, that umpiestiiuiably have been buried thou.sands of years. It may be, however, that wheat was grown in Persia fiixt, and thence found its way into Kgyjit and Africa, or. vice versa. It grew first in Kgypt and .\frica and thence cros-sed into Persia, and from there found its way into India and all parts of Asia. It is al.so claimed that wheat is indigenous to the island of Sicily, and that from there it spread along the shores of the Mediterranean into Asia Minor and Egypt, and, as communities advanced, it was cultivated, not only to a greater extent, but with greater success. The goddess of agriculture, more especially of grains, who, by the (Jreeks, was called Demeter, and, by the Romans, Ceres — hence the name ce- reals — Wiis .said to have her home at Knna. a fertile region of that i.sland, thus nidieating the .source fnmi which the (I reeks and Romans derived their Ciriifiii. Homer mentions wheat and sjielt as bread; al.so corn and iiarley, and describes his heroes as using them as fodder for their horses, as the people in the South of Euro)ie do at ])resent. Rye was introducerc.serva- tion, was fre<|ucntly found. Dr. ,\nsoii Hart, Superintendent, at onetime, of Indian .\ffaiis in Oregon, slates that he tlnMid numerous palchcs of wheat and flax growing wild in the Vackemas country, in I'pper Orei^on. There is but little dcmbt that both cereals were intro- duced into Oregon at an early period by the Hud- son Bay, or other fur companies. Wheat was al.so HISTORY OF OHIO. 159 found by Dr. Boyle, of Columbus, Ohio, growing in a similar state in the Carson Valley. It was, doubtless, brought there by the early Spaniards. In 1530, one of Cortez's slaves found several grains of wheat accidentally mixed with the rice. The careful negro planted the handful of grains, and succeeding years saw a wheat crop in Mexico, which found its way northward, probably into Califirnia. Turn where we may, wherever the foot of civil- ization has trod, there will we find this wheat plant, which, like a monument, has jierpetuated the memory of the event; but nowhere do we find the plant wild. It is the result of cultivation in bygone ages, and has been produced by " progress- ive development." It is beyond the limit and province of these pages to discuss the composition of this important cereal ; only its historic properties can be noticed. With the advent of the white men in America, wheat, like corn, came to be one of the staple prod- ucts of life. It followed the pioneer ov(>r the mountains westward, where, in the rich Missis- sippi aud Illinois bottoms, it has been cultivated by the French since 1(190. When the hardy New Englanders came to the alluvial lands adjoining the Ohio, Muskingum or Miami Rivers, they brought with them this "staff of life," and forth- with began its cultivation. Who sowed the first wheat in Ohio, is a (piestion Mr. A. S. Guthrie answers, in a letter published in the Agricultural Report of 1857, as follows: " My father, Thomas Guthrie, emigrated to the Northwest Territory in the year 1788, and arrived at the mouth of the Jluskingum in July, about three months after Gen. Putnam had arrived with the first pioneers of (_)hio. My father brought a bushel of wheat with him from one of the frontier counties of Pennsylvania, which be sowed on a lot of land in JIarietta, which he cleared for that purpose, on the second bottom or plain, in the neighborhood of where the Court House now stands." Mr. Guthrie's opinion is corroborated by Dr. Samuel P. Ilildretli, in his " Pioneer Settlers of Ohio," and is, no doubt, correct. From that date on down through the years of Ohio's growth, the crops of wheat have kept pace with the advance and growth of civilization. The soil is admirably adapted to the growth of this ce- real, a large number of varieties being grown, and an excellent (|uality produced. It is firm in body, and, in many ca.ses, is a successful rival of wheat produced in the great wheat^producing regions of the United States — Minnesota, and the farther Northwest. Oats, rye, barley, and other grains were also brought to Ohio fi-om the Atlantic Coast, though some of them had been cultivated by the French in Illinois and about Detroit. They were at first used only as food for home consumption, aud, until the successful attempts at river and canal naviga- tion were brought about, but little was ever sent to market. Of all the root crops known to man, the potato is probably the nuist valuable. Next to wheat, it is claimed by many as the staff of life. In some localities, this assumption is undoubtedly true. What would Ireland have done in her fam- ines but for this simple vegetable? The potato is a native of the mountainous districts of tropical and subtropical America, probably from Chili to Mexico ; but there is considerable difficulty in deciding where it is really indigenous, and where it has s^iread after being introduced by man. Humboldt, the learned savant, doubted if it had ever been found wild, but scholars no less famous, and of late date, have expressed an opposite opinion. In the wild ]ilant, as in all others, the tubers are smaller than in the cultivated. The potato had been cultivated in America, and its tubers used for food, long before the advent of the Europeans. It seems to have been first brought to Europe by the Spaniards, from the neighbor- hood of Quito, in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and spread through Spain, the Netherlands, Burgundy and Italy, cultivated in gardens as an ornament only and not for an article of food. It long received through European countries the same name with the l)atata.s — sweet potato, which is the plant meant by all English writers down to the seventeenth century. It appears that thi? potato was brought from Virginia to Ireland by Hawkins, a .slave-trader, in 1565, and to England by Sir Francis Drake, twenty years later. It did not at first attract much notice, and not until it was a third time imported from America, in 1623, by Sir Walter Raleigh, did the Europeans make a practical u.se of it. Even then it was a long time before it wa.s exten- sively cultivated. It is noticed in agricu'tural journals as food for cattle only as late as 1719. Poor people began using it, however, and finding it highly nutritious, the Royal Geographical Society, in 1663, adopted measures for its propagation. About this time it began to be used in Irclftnd as 160 HISTORY OF OHIO. food, and from the beginningof the eighteenth coiit- ur)', its use has never declined. It is now kiiuwu in every quarter of the wurld, and has, by cultiva- tion, been greatly improved. The inhabitants of America learned its use from the Indians, who cultivated it and other root crops — rutabagas, radi.shes, etc., and taught the whites their value. A\'hen the pioneers of Ohio eame to its iertile valleys, they brought improved species with them, which l)y cultiva- tion and soil, are now greatly incrca.sed, and are among the standard crops of the State. The cucurbitaccdus plants, .si|uaslies, etc., were, like the potato and similar root crops, indigenous to America — others, like the melons, to Asia — and were among the staple foods of the original inhabitants. The early French missionaries of the West speak of both root crojis and cucurbi- taceous plants as in useamong theaboriginal inhab- itants. "They arc very sweet and wholesome," wrote Mar<|uette. Othersspcak in the same terms,, though .xcime of the |)lants in this order had found their way to these valleys thmugli the .Spaniards and others thriiugli early Atlantic ("oast and .Mex- ican inhabitants. Their use by the settlers of the West, esiiecially Ohio, is traced to New Kngland, as the first settlers came from that portion of the Union. They grow well in all parts of the State, and by cultivation have been greatly improv('d in (piality and variety. All cueiirbitaeeous jilants rei|uire a rich, porous soil, and by ])roper atten- tion to their cultivation, excellent results can be attained. Probably the earliest and luost important ini]ile- ment of husbandry known is the plow, (irain, plants and roots will not grow well unless the .soil in which they art^ planted be pni]Hrly stirnul, hence the fir.^t ri'i|uii'i'ment was an instrument that wouM fulfill such I'oniliiions. The first imjilcincnls were rude indi'cd ; geiXT- .illy, stout woodi'ii sticks, drawn ihnmgli tlie earth by thongs attached to rude ox-yokes, or fasteneil to the animal's horns. Such jilows were in use among the ancient Kgyptians, and may yet be found among uncivilized nations. The Old Test.a- nient furnishes minierous instances of the use of the plow, while, on the ruins of ancient cities and among the |iyramids of Kgyjit, and on the buried walls of Babylon, and other extinct cities, are rude dniwings of this useful implement. .\s the use of iron bi'came apparent and general, it was util- ized for plow-jioinis, where the wood alone woulil not penetrate the earth. They got their plow- shares sharpened in ()1<1 Testament days, also coulters, which shows, beyond a doubt, that iron- pointed plows were then in use. From times mentioned in the Bible, on heathen tomlis, and ancient catacombs, the imjirovement of the ]ilow, like other farming tools, went on, as the race of man grew in int<'lligence. Kxtensivc manors in the old country reepiired incrciused means of turning the ground, and. to meet these demands, ingenious mechanics, from time to time, invented improved plows. Strange to sa}', however, no improvement was ever made by the farmer himself This is ac- counted for in his habits of life, and, too often, the disposition to'-Uike things as they are." When America wius settled, the plow had become ;in im- plement capable of turning two or three acres j)er day. Still, and for many years, and even until lately, the mold-board was entirely wooden, the point only iron. Later developments changed the wood for stiH^l, which now alone is used. Still later, especially in prairie States, riding jilows are used. Like all other imjirovements, they were obliged to combat an obtuse public mind among the ruralists, who slowly combat almost every move made to better their condition. In many places in .\merica, wooden plows, straight ax handles, and a stone in one end of the bag, to bal- ance the grist in the other, are the rule, and for no other reason in the world are they maintained than the laconic answer: " i\Iy father did so, and why should not I? Am I better than he?" After the plow comes the barrow, but little changed, save in lightness and beauty. Formerly, a log of wood, or a brush harrow, snjijilied its place, but in the Statcof Ohio, the toothed instni- meiit has nearly always been used. The hoe is lighter made than formerly, and is now made of ,stecl. At first, tlu^ eomnion iron hoe, sharpened by the blacksmith, was in constant use. Now, it is rarely seen outside of the South- ern States, where it has long been t\i6 chief' iuiple- ment in agriculture. The various small plows for the cultivation of corn and such other crops as neeessitati-d their use arc all the result of modern civilization. Now, their number is large, and, in many places, there are two or more attadu'd to one carriage, whose opiTatiir rides. These kinds are much us<'d in the ^\'est<•ru States, whose rootless and stoneless soil is ailinirably adapted to such machinery. When the grain became ripe, ini|)lements to cut it were in demand. In ancient times, the sickle 1^ HISTORY OF OHIO. IGl was the only instrument used. It was a short, curved iron, whose inner edge wa.s sharpened and serrated. In its mo.st ancient form, it is duubtt'ul if the edge was but little, if any, serrated. It is mentioned in all ancient works, and in the Bible is frequently referred to. " Thrust in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe," wrote the sacred New Testament, while the Old chronicles as early as the time of Moses: "As thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn." In more modern times, the handle of the sickle was lengthened, then the blade, which in time led to the scythe. Both are yet in use in many parts of the world. The use of the scythe led some thinking person to add a '• finger " or two, and to change the shaj)e of the handle. The old cradle was the result. At first it met considerable oppo- sition from the laborers, who brought forward the old-time argument of ignorance, that it would cheapen labor. Whether the cradle is a native of America or Europe is not accurately decided; probably of the mother country. It came into common u.se about 1818, and in a few years had found its way into the wheat^producing regions of the West. Where small crops are raised, the cradle is yet much used. A man can cut fi-om two to four acres per day, hence, it is much cheaper than a reaper, where the crop is small. The mower and reaper are comparatively mod- ern inventions. A rude reaping machine is men- tioned by Pliny in the first century. It was pushed by an ox through the standing grain. On its front was a sharp edge, which cut the grain. It was, however, impracticable, as it cut only a por- tion of the grain, and the peasantry preferred the sickle. Other and later attempts to make reapers do not seem to have been successful, and not till the present century was a machine made tifcat would do the work required. In 182(i, Mr. Bell, of Scotland, constructed a machine which is yet used in many pai-ts of that country. In America, Mr. Hus-sey and Mr. McCormick took out patents for reaping machines of superi.jr character in 1833 and 1S34. At first the cutters of these machines were various contrivances, but both manufacturers soon adopted a serrated knife, triangular shaped, at- tached to a bar, and driven through '■ finger guards " attached to it, by a forward and backward motion. These are the common ones now in use, save that all do not use serrated knives. Since these pioneer machines were introduced into the harvest fields they have been greatly improved and changed. Of late years they have been constructed so as to bind the sheaves, and now a good stout boy, and a team with a " harvester," will do as much as many men could do a few years ago, and with much greater ease. As was expected by the inventors of reapers, they met with a determined resistance from those who in former times made their living by harvest- ing. It was again absurdly argued that they would cheapen labor, and hence were an injury to the laboring man. Indeed, when the first machines were brought into (Jliio, many of them were torn to pieces by the ignorant hands. Others left fields in a body when the projirictor brought a reaper to his farm. Like all such fallacies, these, in time, pai5.scd away, leaving only their stain. Following the reaper came the thresher. As the country filled with inhabitants, and men in- creased their possessions, more rapid means than the old flail or roller method were demanded. At first the grain was trodden out by horses driven over the bundles, which were laid in a circular inclosure^ The old flail, the tramping-out by horses, and the cleaning by the sheet, or throwing the grain up against a current of air, were too .slow, and machines were the result of the demand. In Ohio the manufacture of threshers began in 1846, in the southwestern part. Isaac Tobias, who came to Hamiltiin from Miamisburg that year, com- menced building the threshers then in use. They were without the cleaning attachment, and sinipl}' hulled the grain. Two years later, he began manufiicturing the combined thresher and cleaner, which were then coming into use. He continued in business till 1851. Four years after, the in- creased demand for such machines, consequent upon the increased agricultural products, induced the firm of Owens, Lane & Dyer to fit their estab- lishment for the manufiicture of threshers. They afterward added the manufacture of steam engines to be used in the place of horse power. Since then the manufacture of the.se machines, as well as that of all other agricultural machinery, has greatly multiplied and improved, until now it seems iis though but little room for imjirovement remains. One of the largest firms engaged in the manufact- ure of threshers and their component machinery is located at Mansfield — the Aultman & Taylor Co. Others are at JIassillon, and at other cities in the West. Modern times and modern enterprise have devel- oped a marvelous variety of agricultural implements 162 HISTORY OF OHIO. — too many to bo mentionerl in a volume liko this. Under sijcc-ial isulijeets they will oeciL-iionally be found. Tlie fanner s lil'e, so eliecrle.ss in jiioneer times, and .so full of weary labor, i.s daily becom- ing le.ss laboriiiu.s, until, if they as a ehuss profit by the advances, they can find a life of ease in farm pursuit.s, not attaitiable in any other profe-ssiun. Now machines do almost all the work. They sow, cultivate, cut, bind, thr&sli, winnow and carry the f^rain. They, cut, rake, loaroportion to the interest taken in it In' its members. This interest is always heightened by an exchange of views, hence .societies and periodicals e.vercLse an influence at first hardy realizeil. This feeling among prominent agriculturi.st.s leil to the fi)rmation of agricultural societies, at first by counties, then districts, then by States, and lastly by ivssociations of States. The day may come when a national agricul- tural fair may be one of the annual attractions of America. Without noticing the early attempts to found such societies in Kurope or America, the narrative will begin with those of Ohio. The first agricul- tural society organized in the Buckeye State was the Ilamihon County .Agricultural Society. It.s exact (late of organization is not now preserved, but to a certainty it is known that the Society held public exhibitions as a County Society prior to 182:-$. Previous to that ilate there were, doubt- lesw, .small, private I'xhibitions held in older local- ities, probably at .Nlarietta, but no regular organi- Ziition .seems to have bi^en maintained. The Hamilton County Society held it.s fiiirs annuallv, with marked success. Its successor, the present Society, is now one of tlic largest county societies in Ihc Union. During the legislative session of 1832-33, the subject of agrieiilture seems to have agitated tlie minds of file fiouiile through their representatives, for the records of that session show the first laws pa.s.scd for their benefit. The acts of that body K<'em to have been productive of some good, for, though no records of the number of societies or- ganized at that ilate exist, yet the record .shows that '• many societies have been orgiinized in con- formity to this act." etc. No doubt many societies held fairs from this time, lor a greater or li.'.ss number of jeai-s .Vgricultural journals* were, at this period, rare in the State, and the .subject of agricultural impruveinent did not receive that at- tention from the ]ire.ss it does at this time ; and, for want of public spirit anil attention to sustain these fairs, the^' weri^ gradually discontinued until the new act respecting their organization was passed in 1846. However, records of several county societies of the yciirs between 1832 and 18-t(> yet exist, showing that in some parts of the State, the interest in these fairs was by no means diminished. The Delaware County Society re- ports for the year 1833 — it was organized in June of that year — good jjrogress for a beginning, and that much interest was manifested by the citizens of the county. Ross County helil its first exhibition in the autumn of that year, and the report of the mana- gers is ipiite cheerful. Nearly all of the exhibited articles were sold at auction, at greatly advanced prices from the current ones (jf the day. The en- try seems to have been free, in an open inelosure, and but little revenue was derived. Little was ex- pected, hence no one w;is disappointed. Washington County reports an excellent cattle show for that year, and a number of premiums awarded to the successful exhibitors. This .same year the Ohio Importation Company was org-an- ized at the Ross County fair. The Company began the next sea.son the imi)ortalion of fine cattle from England, and, in a fi-w years, did incalculable good in this resjiect, as well lus make considerable money in the enterprise. These societies wen; re-organized when the law of 1S4IJ went into effect, and, with those that had gimc down ami the iu\v! ones start<'d, gave an im- petus to agriculture that to this day is felt. Now every county Inus a society, while district, Stat* and inter-Stat« socictitis arc annually held; all promoti\-# in their tendency, and all a benefit to every one. The Ohio State Hoard of .Vgriculture was organ- ized by an act of the liCgislaturt', pa.s,sed I'ebruary 27, IS III. Since then various amendnunls to the organic law liave been pa.s.sed from time to time as • Tlin IKtutem TVfltrwM puhllnliwl in Cincinnati, In 1826. It wm " inlHCi-llitncoiui," tmt contjiiniMl many oxcellont articlcH on ngri- cullurr. The F^irm^a' Rtwrii wna piil>IiHliod In Cincinnati, in I8:jl, and continiii'il forspTerul y«'arH. Thf fihio Fnnnrr was piihlitilied at Ilalavla, Clermont County, in IKtl, l.y linn. SanuicI M.dary. ThoHf woro tti« oarly aKricnlttiral Journal)*, Homo of wlilcli ypt Kurvlvp, though in m-w niimcN.iind unth-r lu-w tnitnngpu]«>rit. otliers havi-. iiU«(, sincn Iti'on aildfd. nomo of whirh Imvo an ».xci*edin(;Iy largo circulation, and arc an inlluence for much good In the State. HISTORY OF OHIO. 163 the necessities of the Board and of agriculture in the State demanded. The .same day that tlie act was passed creating the State Board, an act was also pa.ssed providing for the erection of count}' and district societies, under which law, with subsequent amendments, the present county and district agri- cultural societies are managed. During the years from 1846 down to the present time, great improve- ments have been made in the manner of conduc t ing these societies, resulting in exhibitions unsur- passed in any other State. Pomology and horticulture are branches of in- dustry so closely allied with agricuhure that a brief resume of their operations in Ohio will be eminently adapted to these pages. The early planting and care of fruit in Ohio has already been noticed. Among the earliest pioneers were men of fine tastes, who not only desired to benefit them- selves and their country, but who were possessed with a laudable ambition to produce the best fruits and vegetables the State could raise. For this end they studied carefully the topograph)' of the coun- try, its soil, climate, and various influences upon such culture, and by careful experiments with fruit and vegetables, produced the excellent varieties now in use. Mention has been made of Mr. Longworth and Mr. Ernst, of Cincinnati ; and Israel and Aaron W. Putnam, on the Muskingum River ; Mr. Dille, Judges Fuller and Whittle.sey, Dr. Jared Kirtland and his .sons, and others — all jiractical entluisia.sts in these departments. At first, individual eft'orts alone, owing to the condition of the country, could be made. As the State filled with settlers, and means of communication became better, a desire for an in- terchange of views became apparent, resulting in the establishment of periodicals devoted to these subjects, and societies where different ones could meet and discuss the.se things. A Horticultural and Pomological Society was organized in Ohio in 18()6. Before the organiza- tion of State societies, however, several distinct or independent societies existed ; in fact, out of these grew the State Society, which in turn produced good by stimulating the creation of county societies. All these societies, aids to agi'iculture, have pro- gressed as the State developed, and have done much in advancing fine fi'uit, and a taste for festhetic cul- ture. In all parts of the West, their influence is seen in better and improved fruit ; its culture and its demand. To-day, Ohio stands in the van of the V/estern States in agriculture and all its kindred associa- tions. It only needs the active energy of her citizens to keep her in this place, advancing as time advances, until the goal of her ambition is reached. CHAPTER XVI. CLIMATOLOGY— OUTLINE— VARIATION IN OHIO— ESTIM. ATE — VAKIABILITV. IN DEGREES— RAINFALL— AMOUNT TH E climate of Ohio varies about four degrees. Though originally liable to malaria in many districts when first settled, in conseijuence of a den.se vegetation induced by summer heats and rains, it has became very healthful, owing to clear- ing away this vegetation, and proper drainage. The State has became as favorable in its sanitary char- acteristics as any other in its locality. Ohio is re- markable for its high productive capacity, almost every thing grown in the temperate climates being within its range. Its extremes of heat and cold are less than almost any other State in or near the same latitude, hence Ohio sufli^rs less from the ex- treme dry or wet seasons which afft'ct all adjoining States. These modifications are mainly due to the influence of the Lake Erie waters. These not only modify the heat of summer and the cold of winter, but apparently reduce the profusion of rainfall in summer, and favor moisture in dry pe- riods. No finer climate exists, all c£ 164 HISTORY OF OHIO. Experience has proven Mr. Blodget correct in 'his theory. Now extensive fields of grapes are everywhere found on the Lake Erie Slope, while other small fruits find a sure footing on its soil. " Con.sidering the climate of Ohio. by isother- mal lines and rain shadings, it mu.st be borne in mind," says Mr. Blodg(tt, in his description of Ohio's climate, from which these facts are drawn, " that local influences often reipiire to be considered. At tiie .Sijulli, from Cincinnati to 8teubenvil!e, the deep river valleys are two degrees warmer than the hilly districts of the Sixme vicinity. The lines are drawn intermediate between the two extremes. Thus, Cincinnati, on the plain, is 2° warmer than at the Observatory, and 4' warmer for each year than Ilillsboro, Highland Countj' — the one being 50tl, the other l,()0(t, feet above sea-level. The immediate valley of the Ohio, from Cincinnati to Gallipolis, i.s about 75° for the summer, and 54° for the year; while the adjacent hilly districts, HOO to 500 feet higher, are n.it above 7:5° and 52° respectively. For the summer, generally, the river valley.s arc 73° to 75° ; the fevel and central portions 72° to 73°, and the lake border 70° to 72°. A peculiar mildness of climate belongs to tlie vicinity of Kelley's Island, Sandusky and Toledo. Here, both winter and summer, the cli- mate is 2° warmer than on th(^ hi'_'lilan east of Bellefontaine, has reached the height of 1,540 feet, which equals 1,108 feet above low water at Cincinnati, and 975 feet above Lake Erie, and is the highest point yet measured in Ohio. This point lies upon the great arch that traverses the State from Cincinnati to the lake shore between Sandusky and Toledo and was probably the highest peak in what was originally a low chain of mountains. The general form of the county is that of a flat cone, about 500 feet in height, from which the water-fall drains off in all direc- tions; the county is situated, however, just south of the great water-shed, and the streams ultimately find their way into the Scioto or Miami rivers. This cone has been cleft from north to south to the depth of some 300 feet by the valley of Mad River, leaving a summit 9 V ^ ir.fi HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. on the east at Wickersbani's Corners (called "Jerusalem," on the county map) only twen- ty-five feet lower than the one on Hogue's farm; the valley thus formed is drained prin- cipally by the Mad R iver, which rises in Jef- ferson Tosvnship and flows southwesterly through the county. The character of this stream is accurately discribed by its name, and in its headlong course furnishes an inex- haustible water-power for the numerous flour- ing mills that are located on its banks. The upper part of the valley is drained by Rush Creek, which finds its way into the Scioto in a northeastwardly direction, receiving in its course through Mill Creek and the Darby, the drainage of the eastern edge of the coun- ty. The waters falling on Hogue's summit, and flowing through the streets of Bellefon- taine, as "Possum Run," fall into Blue Jacket, thence into Buckongehelas, and so into the Great Miami, whence they are taken at Port Jefferson, into the summit-level of the Miami canal, and there are divided, part flow- ing southward into the Ohio and the Mexican Gulf, and part going northward to Lake Erie and the St. Lawrence. The Great Miami, ris- ing in the southern part of Hardin County, flows southwardly through the western half of Logan, until within two and a-half miles of the southern boundary, and suddenly turtiinn- to the west by north, flows out into Shelby County. The county is everywhere traversed by a number of iiright sparkling runs, tiiat find their origin in the innumerable springs that issue from the gravelly deposit which forms the foundation of the soil. Scattered over the surface are numerous small lakes or ponds that owe their origin to the same source. Of these. Rush Creek l>ake. Silver, Black, Dake's, and Twin Lakes are tho most imjmrtant. Several of these are valuable for their ice crop, and some furnish considerable fish. One, the Indian Lake, in Stokes and Rich- land townships, is now included in the Lewis- ton Reservoir, which was designed to col- lect and hold in reserve the rainfall of that region for the benefit of the State canals. Although the entire surface of the country is covered deep in drift or its derivaties, yet the upheaval of the centre exposes three for- mations of rook, and there is good reason to snj)pose that a fourth would be visible but for the immense deposit of gravel in the Miami Valley. These formations are Huron shale, or black slate, shown in the hills about the head of Mad River, the corniferous limestone, best scci'i in the Bellefontaine, Mackachack and Middleburg quarries, and the water-lime rock, exposed in one place on the Mackachack, and in numerous ones in the neighborhood of Belle Centre and Northwood, while it is the Niagara that is supposed to lie under the the drift in the Miami Valley. The Huron shale, lying the highest, and being, from its soft, laminated structure, most subject to the wear of the elements, has been cut down by frost and water until only two irregular islands are left. The smaller of these islands, lying directly east of Bellefon- taine, in Rush Creek, Lake and Jefferson townships, is the the last outlier of its forma- tion east of the anticlinal axis of the State, or, rather, is directly on the crown of the arch. Its northern end is hidden under the drift, but must lie somewhere near the village of Harper, and the southern is found about three miles southwest of Zanesfield, where a deep cut was begun through it some years since on the line of tho Delaware Railroad, giving a length of about nine miles, with an average width of some two and a half or three miles. The second or larger island lies east of Zanesfield and AVest Liberty, and un- derlies Pickereltown and Wickersham Cor- ners in Rush Creek, and the towrishi])S of Jefferson, Perry, Moiu-oe and Zane, with a span extending into the northern edge of ,^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 167 Champaign County. It is about twelve miles long by three wide, and within its limits are to be found the finest and most characteristic expos- ures. The thickness of the slate under Hogue's summit, by actual measurement by the level, is 110 feet, and 136 feet, by careful barometrical estimate, un'der Wickersham's Corners. Immediately below these Huron shale islands lies one large island of corniferous limestone, which can be traced through Rush Creek, Jefferson, Perry, Zane, Monroe, Lib- erty, Lake, Harrison and McArthur town- ships. Its thickness is probably between 00 and 100 feet, but nowhere in the county have both top and bottoiQ been exposed at the same place, and the records kept of boring are so imperfect as to be worthless. The largest quarries are those of Messrs. Scarf's at Bellefontaine, of Gen. A. S. Piatt on the Mackachack, in Monroe Township, and Mr. J. B. Sharpe at Middleburg. Messrs. Scarf's quarry has been worked for a depth of over twenty feet, chiefly for lime, 1,000 bushels of which are produced by twenty-five cords of wood. The product is of good quality and color, but difficult to ship, on account of the rapidity with which it air-slacks, only three or four days being required to reduce it. Some courses show hydraulic qualities, but no sys- tematic experiments have been made with it, nor can any estimate be made of the amount of business done. Gen. Piatt's quarry has been worked to about the same depth, and the lime produced by the same expenditure of fuel, and of perhaps rather better quality. The building stone has all been consumed in the neighborhood. It is capable of being work- ed to fine eifect, as the General's own mansion abundantly testifies. Mr. Sharpe's quarry at Middleburg has been worked to about the same depth as the others, but with more system, and exposes the rock better. The section may be described as follows, in a descending series : Feel. Covering of drift 2 First course, much broken G Second course, solid 4 Oclierous seam Third course, firm, thin layers 8 Fourth course, solid 4 Fifth course, solid Total 25 Numerous small quarries have been opened all around the edges of the island, both for stone and for lime, but they are only worked occasionally, and for local purposes. The geological scale of the State calls for a b^d of Oriskany sandstone under the cornif- erous, and of Hamilton above it, but there are no traces of either to be found in Logan County. Remains of the former are found scattered about the country in the form of huge boulders, from which, at an early date, grindstones were formed; and in the clay are found small fragments with corners sharply defined, as though but recently broken. A popular explanation is, that from the combined action of the upheaval and the glacier, this formation was crushed into fragments and pushed bodily from its position, leaving only these fragments to mark its early existence. Dr. Newberry, in Vol. I., p. 141, speaks of Oriskany sandstone at West Liberty, but this is most probably a mistake. In Gen. Piatt's quarry, on the Mackachack, a bed of fine sand- stone exists, that has been quarried and re- duced to sand for plastering, with excellent suc- cess, but it is only a local deposit in the upper layers of the corniferous, fifty-five feet above the top of the Helderberg, in the same field. These small sandstone deposits are quite com- mon in that neigborhood, and, in fact, the whole appearance of the rocks is so sandy that Mr. George G. Shutnard reported the following section in the prospectus of the " Logan and Champaign Petroleum Compa- ny," in 1865 : 168 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 1 Drift, f;riive] and hniiltlers of sienite, gneiss, red feldspar, Lornbleude and mica schist qiiiiriz, grindstone, etc 20 feet 2 Bliiclc and dark brown ))ituniinous slate 40 *' 3 Hard, fine grained, light-gray, silicioussand- stone (as far as exposed) 8 " 4 Black and dark brown bituminous slate 60 " 5 Hard, Light-blue, fine-grained selicious sand- stone 4 " 6 Black and dark brown bituminous slate, con- taining large septarian segregations and nodules of iron pyrites 150 " 7 Hard, light-gray calcareo-silicioussandstonc, thicknessas far as exposed 20 " 277 Mr. J. H. Tnskeep, who worketj tlie drill for the said company, reports the section obtained on B. Ewing's land, in the southern part of Monroe Township, as follows : Slate 6 feet Flint ,5 " Sandstone 639 " KedSlale 12 " Blue Limestone 43 " 705 ; At that point patience, hope and funds failed, and the project was abandotied. It is much to be regretted that a more careful or more skillful record was not kept of this bor- ing. The "flint five feet" evidently was the upper course of the Corniferous, but it is dif- ficult to understand what could be included in "1)39 feet of sandstone." Mr. Shninard's second, third and fourth divisions evidently refer to the Huron-shale, and his fifth to the upper courses of the Corniferous, but his si.\th and seventh would seem to be purely inunri- nary or very much confused. There are tra- ditions of a former sandstone quarry on the hill-top east of Zanesficld, from which the neighborhood was siip])lied with grindstones and some still hope that it will be re-discov- ered. There is now a large mass of Wavcrly sandstone lyi'ig on the siile of a slate valley on the Mackachack, half buried in gravel and the debris of slate, and it has been propo.sed to open a quarry in it. It would doubtless yield fine blocks of beautiful stone, Imt as soon as fairly opened it would probably fail from exhaustion. From all that has been dis- covered, therefore, the Oriskany sandstone should be dropped from the Logan County scale. Below the corniferous lies the great sheet of Helderberg, or water-lime, the lowest for- mation yet seen in the county. It has been worked on Gen. A. S. Piatt's land, on the Mackachack, and at Northwood, Huntsville, Richhind and Bolle Centre. At the latter point, in Anderson's quarry, probably the best and largest in the county. Much of the stone in this tuiarry is in thin and smooth courses, and makes excellent flagging, 'i'he yield of stone is stated at about 1,000 perches annual- ly, worth $1.25 per perch in Belle (^entre. Some of it is shij)i)ed on the Sandusky Rail- road, but local demand consumes the greater part of it, and all of the lime burned. At the depth of fifteen feet a course is reached that is of so little value that it is avoided. As there is only two feet of " stripping," it is easier to extend the work sideways than downwards. The conformation of the surface of Logan County indicates that under Miami, Pleasant, and Bloomfield townships perhaps the Hel- derberg stone has been scoured off, atid that, were the masses of drift penetrated, the first fixed rock found would be the Niagara. But the highest point where the Niagara has been worked is Tremont, in Clarke County, and the location of that formation in the Logan Coun- ty geological map is a matter of pure conjec- ture. It follows then, that, though attaininga high barometrical elevation, Logan County is geologically very low, and any attempts to find coal (T petroleum are likely to be disappoint- ed. The geological formations that are found here are older than the coal deposits, and while the latter might be foinid above such forma- tions it cannot be found below them. -r— ^ ^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 169 The resources stored in the ffeologrical form- ations of Logan County are numerous and im- portant. The rocks yield building stone in sufficient quantities and quality for all local demands, although peculiar circumstances and a freak of fashion at present bring stone from distant counties for the more important struc- tures. Lime is supplied for building and farming purposes in such quantities and at such prices as to defy competition from abroad. It is thought that the islands of Huron shale are capable of supplying hydraulic lime, though it is at present entirely undeveloped. Beds of clay exist in every township, suitable for brick, tile, and coarser pottery, and are now worked to some extent. In 1876, eleven tile works were reported whose combined product for the year reached to about 100,000 rods of drain tile of various sizes, and with a demand that was equal to the supply. Un- derlying the marsh, at the head of Rush Creek Lake, is an immense deposit of white shell marl, that would be of great value to the poorer lands of the hills, and doubtless simi- lar beds exist in other parts of the county. The vast beds of gravel scattered over most of the townships furnish an inexhaustible sup- ply for the construction of the admirable pikes which are found everywhere throughout the county. The chief source of wealth in Logan County, however, is its rich and varied soil, which, in common with the whole valley of the Miami, has acquired a widespread reputa- tion for its luxuriant production. The soil is almost wholly derived from the drift-gravel and clays. Although much of it is at first wet and heavy, it proves, under proper drainage and tillage, rich and generous in its yield. In the valleys of the Miami and Mad Rivers, oaks and hickories prevail, but on the higher lands sugar-maples take their place, mixed with, and, on the flat clay lands, overpowered and driven out by, the beech. Tulip, or, as it is often called, poplar or white wood, elm, ash. sycamore, basswood, dogwood, sassafras, and other trees are found in large numbers, but oaks and hickories, sugar and beech largely prevail and give character to the forests. At no time of the year is this so apparent as in the early spring, when, in passing from an oak region to a maple one, as in going from West Liberty to Zanesfield, points of view may be chosen so that the landscape on one side will appear bleak and b^e as midwinter, while on the other, the hills are clothed with the ver- dure of June, and the dividing lines will be as sharp and well defined as if the woods had been laid out and planted by the art of the landscape gardeuer. The settlers found here a heavily tim- bered country, with here and there little patches of prairie that bore a heavy growth of rank grass. These open spots were probably the site of sunken lakes, some of them showing unmistakable signs of the watery foundation beneath them. The whole country, notwithstanding its high elevation, was wet and swampy. To erect here a home and render the land subject to an annual tribute for the maintenance of the familj", taxed the powers of the pioneers to their ut- most. It was an even-handed struggle for subsistence, and anything accomplished might safely be set down as an improvement. This was practically true for the first fifteen years in the history of a settlement. An average of from three to five years were consumed be- fore the frontier farm could be relied upon to furnish a support, and in the meanwhile the fare furnished by the abundance of game and wild fruits was eked out by economical pur- chases of corn from the older settlements. After erecting a cabin with the aid of hospit- able neighbors, from five t o ten acres were felled and " chojiped over." After this come the universal bee for rolling, and then the burning. The latter required close atten- tion, and it was no unusual thing for the ^ 170 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. pioneer to continue liis laliors far into the night — the husband chopping by the light of the blaze and the wife tending the fires. The great advantage seemed to be in getting ready for the rolling bee as early as possible, for when the season once set in there was a constant demand for the services of the pioneer in the fields of his neighbors for upwards of three months. It was no unusual thing for a neigh- borhood to 1)8 engaged every working day for six weeks in " rolling bees " without any in- termission. Many were thus called upon when they could least afford the time, but from the necessities of the situation there was no re- fusal possible, and huge as this demand ap- pears, it will not be considered exorbitant when it is remembered that the neighborhoods covered an area of from ten to fifteen miles s(.[uare. At this day the reckless destruc- tion of timber in that early period seemed wasteful in the extreme, and the tendency, under the circumstances which surrounded the pioneer, was to underrate the value of timber, and to carry the work of clearing to the very verge of denuding the land of this impf)rtaiit aid to agriculture. This tendency has not been so marked in Logan County as in some of the northern and northeastern counties of the State. In some parts of this county, owing to the low, swampy character of the lanil, the original forests have not yet been disturbed and each year considerable timber is cut olf for the ])urp(jse of clearing the land. A\'uod is still the principal article in use for fuel in the country districts. In the older portions of the county the scarcity of timber is beginning to attract attention and less of it is sacrificed to supply the villages with fuel. Here coal is beginning to be pretty generally used, partly ou a'-coutit of its con- venience and partly on account of the cost. The prevailing system of agriculture in Lo- gan County may properlj' be callod that of mixed hu!^bandry. Specialties find little favor among the farmers. The practice is to culti- vate the various kinds of grain and grasses, and to raise, keep and fatten stock, the latter business engaging, however, hardly' more than a tenth of the farmers. Writing as early as 1840, of the agriculture of Logan County and the rest of the Miami Valley, Dr. Drake says : " The agri('ulture of this, as of other new coun- tries, is not of the best. Too much reliance is placed on the extent and fertility of their fields, by the farmers, who in general, consid- er these a substitute for good tillage. They frequently plant double the quantity they can properly cultivate, and thus impoverish their lands, and sufl'er thcni to become infi'sted with briars and noxious weeds. The kind of cer- eals generally cultivated are Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, and barley. The first is found on every plantation, but fiourish(>s best in a calcareous soil, where, with good culture, it will yield from sixty to one hundred bushels per acre. Wheat is raised almost as generally as Indian corn, and is perhaps better adapted to the soil of most parts of the Miami country. Twenty-two bushels may be stated as the average produce per acre, though it sometimes amounts to forty. Its medium weight is sixty pounds per bushel. The bearded wheat with reddish chaff seems latterly to be pre- ferred, as least liable to injury fronj the wee- vil and Hessian fly. Before the settlement of this country, the woods ab.oundod in grass and herbage, proper for the subsistence of cattle, but these have long since disappeared, ex- cept in the remote situations. In the prairies, however, when the whole energy of the soil is employed in producing gra.sses and herbace- ous plants instead of trees, the pasture is still luxuriant, anil the business of gra/.ing ex- tremely profitable. It is chiefly in Cham|iaigii and Greene Counties that this remafk is true. In the former t'100,0(IO, it is estimated, an; annually received for fat cattle. The prairies are likewise found to support hogs, which ^ «- LOGAN COUNTY COURT HOUSE HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 17c grow and fatten on the numerous fleshy roots with which those tracts abound. Sheep, both domestic and foreign, are alreadj' diflfused ex- tensively through the Miami country. They are in general healthy, and rather prone to excessive fatness. Their flesh is said to be superior in flavor to. that of the sheep of the Atlantic States." The criticisms of Dr. Drake upon the agriculture of 1820, are not entirely out of place to-day. Provided with a rich and varied soil, the average farmer has not felt the need of studying the principles of such branches of learning as relates to agriculture, and frequently hesitated to receive or reject the teachings of science. A few persons, how- ever, were found at a comparatively early day, who brought to the business of farming that amount of patient investigation which the greatest interest of this country demands. Farmers are becoming more and more solicit- ous to learn from others, and the husbandry of the country has made a marked advance during the last sixty years, and is still rapidly improving in every respect. Owing to the richness of the soil the sub- ject of fertilizers has not received the atten- tion which it has obtained in the less favored portions of the State. Phosphates are never used and land plaster, ordy in comparatively few instances. In many cases scarcely ordi- nary care has been exercised in preserving the ordinary accumulations of the barnyard, much less to add to this by artificial means. This neglect has not been so seriously felt on account of the remarkable qualities of most of the farming land in this county. Indeed, the application of manure requires fine dis- crimination. It is not an infrequent thing to see a crop of grass or wheat partially spoiled by the lack of judgment in the appli- cation of manure. On the other hand, fields are to be found that have been constantly cropped for from ten to forty years. This practice has, in most cases, borne its legiti- mate result, and has awakened a decided in- terest in the subject of the science of farming. Rotation of crops is now generally practiced, corn being the first crop planted on sod ground, followed by another crop of corn and that by wheat. With the latter crop the manure is generally used, as it is thought it shows the largest result and leaves a better soil for the grass which follows. Deep plow- ing with the Michigan double plow was prac- ticed to a considerable extent some years since with good effect. Crops grown upon land so treated furnished an increased yield upon those grown upon shallow plowed land. Their heavy draft soon made these plows un- popular, though a few are still found in use in the county. The practice of deep plow- ing, however, is still maintained, and is now generally accomplished by a heavy steel plow drawn by three horses. The great ob- jection to the double plow, that it buried the surface soil too deep, was not felt here to be a serious evil. A year or two was neces- sary to reap the full benefit of the sub-soil- ing, but when this was carried on every year the soil becomes thorouglily acted upon by the elements and thoroughly mixed through- out, and in a few years of this treatment the farmer has a fine, friable soil ten to fifteen inches deep. Artificial drainage has been a necessity from the first. In 187G eleven county ditches, with an aggregate length of nearly twenty- five miles, the longest of which reaches a dis- tance of five and two-fifths miles. These were constructed at a cost of §11,170. Since then several other important ditches have been constructe i. In addition to these there are thirty township ditches, with an aggre- srate lenn-th of eio-ht and five-eighths miles, which have been constructed at a cost of $3,10-1:. The first drain-tile were introduced about 18G0, and have rapidly grown in the public estimation with each succeeding j'car. r ^ 174 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. There are some fit'ti^-un drain-tile estal)Hsli- ments in the country, the oldest of wliich was started not far from 1870. These manufac- tories have found a ready sale for all they could niaki^, disposinjr in the last ten years of not far from 300,000 rods of their product. Farms are everywhere beinj^ greatly improved by under draining and ditching. Low lands that wore nearly an en- tire waste, and rolling lands of the character called " spouty," are being reclaimed, so that the untillable land, if all collected into a body, would scarcely cover a section. The very summits are wheat fields, and though now in some parts of the county the first clearings are being made the whole available land is destined soon to be brought under the plow. The land thus reclaimed produces the finest crops; can be cultivated much sooner after a rain, and from eight to ten days earlier in the spring. The subject of grass land has not attained the imiiortance it dofs in a country chiefly de- voted to grazing. Wheat ajid corn are the principal products and sources of revenue, and grass is cultivated for the use of such stock as the system of mixed husbandry adopted here requires. Timothy and red top grasses are mainly relied upon for the supply of hay, meadows being turned over about once ill four years. Meadows are never turned over to pasturago, the grass lanils being seeded for the especial purpose for which they are de- signed. .Mowing lands ard but little under- drained, and then only where the natural l:iy of the land demands it to carry off the settling nioistiire. Top dressing for meadows has re- ceived but little attention, the manure being generally applied to the second crop of corn or wheat just before seeding. Orchard and blue grass have been introduced in a limited way of late years, experiments with mixtures. of the.se grasses have proved, it is thought, its value as pasture. None of tiie former is sown for hay , although it is highly recommeded by some. Millet and Hungarian grass have been used to some extent for the past fifteen or twenty years, and are in de- mand more or less every year. The latter is the one principally used, and furnishes a valu- able substitute for a failing crop of meadow grass, or when the acreage has been tempo- rarily cut down too low for the necessities of the farm. The average yield of the county is from one and a quarter to one and a tliinl tons per acre. In the matter of clover lands the farmers scorn fully alive to the importance of their proper use. The market demand for seed, however, which makes it a cash article with a ready sale, proves a great temptation to raise it for the market. It is frequently sown in combination with timoth}' for the purpose of producing a quality of hay highly esteemed for milch cows and siieep. It is used to some extent for pasturage, but the predominant purpose, perhaps, is for seed. The acreage turned under has been snuill though there are evidences of an iniprovemont in this direction. The history of wheat-growing in Logan County really begins with the building of the railroads. Before this the principal product was Indian corn, and what little wheat was used wiis obtained from the older counties. The railroads, however, brought a market for this cereal right to the door of the producer — a fact that gave an impetus to its cultivation. In its early culture the usual discouragements were met. The rust proved a great plague, and the Hessian fly worked considerable de- struction at times. There is less complaint of these during late years, and in most j)arts of the county wheat is considered a fairly re- liable crop. Its greatest enemies now are the occasionally cold, snowless winters. The large admixture of clay in the soil of the county makes the wheat peculiarly susceptible to the damaging action of heavy frosts. For the -.|V HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 175 past three years, however, the yield of this grain has been unusually large, and the largest acreage ever known in the county was reaped this year. This fact is due large- ly to the good prices which wheat has com- manded of late, and to the fact that a dry May, last year, prevented the grass from '• catching " ou pieces that were newly " seed- ed down." The variety sown in later years has been the Scott, the supremacy of which is now disputed by the Fultz. Experiments have been made with the Genesee, White; Mediterranean, Golden Drop, and Amber, which have made some friends, but the Scott still maintains its hold upon the best farmers. No particular system has been adopted in tho cultivation of this grain. The practice of plowing " barefallows " during the summer, and then replowing or harrowing deeply be- fore sowing in wheat, is still continued to some extent. Corn stubble ground is most frequently used for growing tliis crop. When the manure is used with wheat it is thorough- ly harrowed in and the seed then drilled in, the character of the soil obviating the necessi- ty of plowing. The practice of sowing upon the same ground for several successive years is becoming much less common, though still followed in some localities where the soil seems well nigh exhaustless. This grain is one of the principal sources of revenue, and has given Logan County the reputation of a great grain country. The grain is usually threshed in the barn-yard, where it is hauled for con- venience in handling the straw. The horse- power thresher is still used, but the steam- power is rapidly supplanting it among the farmers. Rye and barley are but little cultivated. In former years rye was in considerable de- mand for local distilling, but this demand has long since passed away. It is now grown oc- casionally as a winter pasture for sheep. After pasturing it closely, it is turned under. save occasionally when it is allowed to grow for the straw which finds. a slight demand for the purpose of binding corn fodder. Barley is raised to some extent in the southern part of the county whore the nearness to the brew- ery markets of Springfield and Dayton render it a profitable crop. Buckwheat has but a nominal place in the list of grains grown in Logan County, the product barelj' supplying the meagre home demand. The home demand for oats is large, and but little more than enough to supply this is raised. The crop is inclined to run to one or the other extreme, and the complaint is usu- ally that the growth is too rank or too short. It is usually sown on the thinnest soil, and a wot, drizzling April and May gives it such a rank growth that it lodges on the ground and frequently proves an entire failure. In case of dry weather, during these months, the crop is put back and often proves so short, both in straw and yield, that it is hardly worth the expense of harvesting. Rust occasionally complicates matters^ and, amidst all these difficulties, the crop is looked upon as gen- erally uncertain. The corn crop, however, while not grown to the exclusion of the others, is the one upon which the farmers of Logan County most con- fidently rely, and the land devoted to its cul- ture is only limited by the necessity of the situation. It is far more stable in its yield, less liable to disease, and may be slighted in its cultivation with greater impunity than any other crop. The soft varieties of seed are generally preferred, and are usually planted in sod ground. A second crop is frequently grown on the same ground, to be followed by wheat and then sod. It is usually well put in, the ground being prepared with considerable care and worked until the crop " tassels out." The old rule of "going through " the field a certain number of times before " laying by " the crop has long since been abandoned !) \ 176 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. by the better fanners. The last plowing, after the corn has reached the height of five or six feet, is considered the most eifective in its cultivation, but the exigencies of the season often prevent the farmer's bestowing this crowning attention. The lands, being in the hands of small farmers or renters, are gen- erally worked by the proprietor alone, and the clover and wheat cutting, coming close together, frequently obliges the small farmer to slight his corn. When, however, the farm- er is able to hire help, or has boys who can be trusted to do the work, the plow is kept going through the corn — an expense that is amply paid by the increased yield. The crop is usually cut and "shocked up" in the field, where it is husked in the fall. After the husking the fodder is "re-shocked" and left imtil needed for feeding. The custom of husking from the standing stalk, which was early much in vogue, has been abandoned some time since, as wasteful of time and ma- terial. The other crops that occupy, or have occu- pied, a prominent place among the agricul- tural products of tlic county, arc potatoes, tlax and sorghum. The quality of the soil is well adapted to the raising of potatoes, and farmers who have given considerable atten- tcntion to the proper cultivation of this highly prized and indispensable esculent, have al- ways been well rewarded for their labor and pains-taking. It is a staple vegetable, uni- versally used, always coniinands a fair price, and its general cultivation for exportation would undoubtedly prove highly renumera- tive. The fact, however, seems to have been overlooked or ignored, and no more are ])ro- duccd than are used in the county. The leading variety is the Early Rose, with the Peerless and Peachblow cultivateil in consid- erably (jiinntities. The Snowflake is highly prized and ciillivalcd to some extent, while other varieties are cultivated as experiments. The average yield of this crop is good, and it is not often seriously affected by insects or disease. Flax, although grown in tliis county to some extent every year, is subject to violent fluc- tuations in the acreage devoted to its culti- vation. It is now raised exclusively for the seed, which has become an important ar- ticle of commerce, considerable amounts be- ing purchased by the grain dealers of the county. It is an exacting crop and the fiber is only incidentally valuable, owing to theim- salable condition in which it has to be sold; an amount of discouragement which is only overbalanced by the fact that the seed fre- quently commands a high price, and is always a cash article. Years ago, when an oil mill and a flax mill were regular establishments of the county, this crop proved quite a source of revenue, but since the decay of those institu- tions this crop has been of less importance. The history of the cultivation of' sorghum cane in Logan County is similar to that of most other parts of the State. The first introduc- tion of this cane was received by the farmers with great enthusiasm, and high hopes were entertained that in this would be found a substitute for the sugar-cane that would prove a valuable addition to the resources of their farms fssossed of great bone, muscle, tendon and hoof, which gives them immense strength and value as draft horses. Their color is a fine silver-gray, which is regarded as the best adapted to wiflistand the burnin"- rays of the sun in the licld or on the high- way. The chief value of this class of horses in this county, however, is their availability for market purposes. They mature early and sell readily for from 8'i50 to ?inOO when three years old. But few of these horses are kept for use in the county, as most of the farmers are unwilling to put so much money in a horse, and the active demand for them ren- dering them a cash article proves too great a temj)tation to part with them. The Clydes- dale strain was introduced a few years ear- lier. " Lord Clyde," a fine black animal of this strain, was exhibited in Libana about 185^, and attracted considerable attention from horsemen. The horse belonged to the Union County Importing Company, and made a season in Champaign County that year. Many in the south j)art of Logan bred to him, getting some fine colts, and this stock is yet to be found in that part of the county. Among the latest horses is " Harry Clay," imported from Kentucky by Wellwood in 1873. He is a fine, bfack horse, with good speed, action, and endurance. There are colts of his getting in the county seven years old, and this stock is rapidly growing in the public esteem as roadsters. The branch of stock-raising is rapidly taking on larger pro- portions, some of the best farmers giving it special attention. The result is that in blood, size, fine style, symmetry of form, and the enduring qualities of the horse, Logan County is excelled but by few counties in the State. It is estimated by competent judges that the aver.ige horse is fifteen and a half hands high and weighs about 1,200 pounds. This is a good average, and it is but natural that the county should be the resort of buy- ers for other markets. Largo numbers are sold every year, and yet the numbers do not seem to decrease. The mule seems to have made friends in Logan County comparatively early. Soon after 1835 the donkey was introduced and was bred some for foreign markets. In IS I'*, Zaehias Brown introduced the first Spanisli jack, an importation from Kentucky, and overcame the objection to those animals by selecting mares and engaging to buy the foal at the age of four or five months. Considerable interest was oxcitcd in this new departure, and among others, J. M. Dickinson became hN. r- i. HISTORY OF LOGAJf COUNTY. ISl prominently identified in the enterprise. In 1856, he had a jack sixteen hands high and weighing 1,200 pounds, and in the follow- ing year had ISO mules on his farm. There was at that time a brisk trade in these ani- mals with the East and West Indies, and con- siderable monej- was engaged iu the traffic. The introduction of the large breed of horses put an end to this industry. The horses were just as easily raised, less trouble on the farm, more docile and reliable, and add to these qualities that of being just as marketable, and the explanation of the cause of thojr superceding the mule is complete. A large number of these animals are still found in the county in use as teams, and are found for the ordinary purposes of the farm as valuable as horses, and bring nearly as good a price. The introduction of cattle into the county was as early as the coming of the first settlers. Cows were a necessary part of the pioneer's outfit, without which his chances for obtain- ing a reasonably comfortable existence were very poor indeed, and few families were with- out them. But once here, it required all the care and diligence of the settler to protect them against the ravages of wild beasts and disease. The wolves took off the yearlings, and frequently made successful attacks upon the cow; the murrain, a little later, took off scores of these animals, and long journeys were frequently undertaken to replace the animals thus lost. Then the marshes and the rank vegetation took their quota, so that, in spite of the employment of all the available children of the settlement as herders, and the dosing of cattle with alum, soot and soft soap, hundreds fell victims to the snares of a new country. Under such circumstances the effort was narrowed down to a struggle to maintain rather than to improve the breed. The " Ohio Importing Company" made their first impor- tation of Short-horn Durhams in 1834, and exhibited the animals at the State Fair of that year. TJie result of that enterprise was to turn the attention of the whole farming com- munity to that class of cattle. It was not until 1838 that the first Short-horn Durham stock was brought into this county. In that year Joshua Folsom and Samuel McCulloch introduced this class of cattle, which rapidly grew in public favor. Farmers thus had an opportunity of comparing improved breeds with the native cattle, and were not slow to fall in with the popular tide that was then making toward the Short-horns. The " Dev- ons " were introduced about the same time, but they failed to enlist any strong attach- ment, and the breed soon became extinct here. During the last four or five years the " Alderneys" have been introduced as milk stock, and are being tried pretty extensively for a new experiment. Among those who have this kind of stock are Bissell, Allen, Roberts and Staymate. The latter has eight cows, all registered stock, but the experiment is so new here that no judgment has been formed in regard to them by the public. The interest in the registered and fine grade stock of the Short-horn breed of cattle has suffered no decrease by this comj)etition. This class of cattle is very widely diffused through the county, and quite a number of fine herds are found here. Among those the more impor- tant are those of Gre&n Brothers, consisting of thirty head, and Dickinson Brothers. The latter herd is now reduced to fourteen head, with the Duke of Pleasant Run, No. IS, as their breeding animal. Others who are interested in this stock, and have small herds, are James Smith, .James Easton, William McKinnon and John Kizer. Sheep were introduced among the first set- tlers, but the boldness and numbers of the wolves made sheejo-raising a burden upon their resources that taxed them to the utter- most. The bounty offered by the State and county authorities for wolf scalps stimulated 182 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the liuiiters in the destruction of these trouble- some animals, and sheep began to multiply during the second decade of the settlement here. Almost every family during this period kept a few sheep, in order to be supplied with wool for clothing. The wool was carded " by hand," sjjun in the " cabin," and not unfre- qnt'iitly — ISO HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the race not cotemporary with the builders of the southern structures. Tlie difference in the extent and importance of these northern remains seems to indicate a people far less in numbers as well as in industry, and whose principal occupation was to war among them- selves or aj^ainst their neifrhbors. Along the water-shed in this State, which lies along the southern line of Wyandot and Crawford Coun- ties, and through the middle of Hardin, extend- ing irregularly east and west, th'^re is a space wher^ but few of these ancient earth works ap- pear. It is conjectured, therefore, that this space was the "debatable ground" of the war-like tribes of the Mound Builders, and that the works found on either side of this line were the outposts of opposing forces. What- ever the truth may be in regard to these fan- ciful theories, the fact that this county was the scene of the busy activities of this strange people seems to be well substantiated. No remains, however, indicating that this people ever had a permanent residence in this coun- ty arc found within the present limits of Logan county. Important earthworks, built in all probability by this race of giants, are found in Hardin county on the north, and in Champaign on the south, and large numbers of implements, weapons and ornaments have been found here, clearly indicating tliat this territory was frequently traversed, and was the scene of their temporary habitation, at least. Along the valley of Uush Creek, in the U>wn- sliip of the same name, are found low mounds of gravel, heaped up some eight or ten feet in height and measuring some forty or fifty feet in diameter. The soil all altout is of an en- tirely dilVcrent nature and it has been supposed by son)o that these were remains of that an- cient |)coplc. Other mounds of similar con- struction, have been found elsewhere in the county, but an intelligent examination into their structure reveals the fact that they must have been deposited by an ice-floe during the glacial period. Of the stone relics, large num- bers have been found, and several fine collec- tions have been made in the- county. A round-ended ax is said to have been discover- ed, similar to those found among the remains of the Swiss Lake Builders, weighing some- thing over one hundred pounds. A fine col- lection of these relics was made by Franklin C. Hill, who made the geological survey of the county for the State, and in his communi- cation to the Assistant Geologist of the State, he described the collection as follows: " It is almost impossible to describe these relics without drawings, nor is it easy to classify them, as the dividing lines between axes, hatchets, and hammers, and between arrows and spear heads, etc., are by no means sharp and clear. They maj', however, be roughly divided as follows: Grooved fixes 11 Ungrooved axes 12 Hammers 3 .Spear and arrow heads 44 Pestles 7 Total Rolling Pin 1 Grindstone 1 Slate ornaments I?) 9 Flint fragments 14 .102 By far the finest and best among the axes is a large one of polished black gneiss. It measures seven inches by four, with a cutting edge two and five-eighths inches long, and for symmetry of form and finish of workmanship will rank with the best of its kind, though not with the largest. It weighs but five pounds, while one in Cincinnati weighs fourteen, and we have an account of one weighing eighteen pounds. The next in point of size is an ax of ]>ale bluish slate, as remarkable for eccen- tricity of sliepe as the other for symmetry. Cut obliquely to the stratification of the stone, its edge is thrown to one side as if for hewing to a line, and the body is curiously twisted, so that the edge makes a decided angle with the poll, as if to produce the effect of the bent helve of the broadax. But this is probably accidental rather than iiitcntiunal, and is due n-' A 3 >> HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 187 either to defects of the stone or the un- skillfulness of the maker. The other axes are as variable in size and shape as in material. Some have cuttina: edges, others are sharpened to points, and others, still, are blunted until there is almost no distinction to be made between them and the hammers, which are simply ovate stones with shallow grooves cut around them. The term, ' ungrooved ax,' though constantly met with in print, is not often used by the people. Their ideas of an ax imply a handle passing through or lashed to the head. But the relics from the Swiss Lake dwellings show axes passing through their helves. A knotted club has a hole mortised through its heavy end, into the upper part of which an ungrooved ax is fitted, and as every blow on the edge serves to drive the ax more firmly into its handle, the implement or weapon must have been a very efficient one. The term ' skinner,' usu- ally applied to these axes, is probably a mis- nomer. The most noticeable of the arrow heads is a large flat one, made of flint, that resembles moss agate. It measures four and three- fourths inches by two and one-eighth, and is about one-fourth of au inch in thickness. Its size and regular shape make it conspicuous in the collection, but its full beauty cannot be seen until it is held up against a strong light. An arrow head of blue and white flint is also worth notice. It measures four inches by one and five-eighths, and is very regularly formed, while the edges are sharp and beauti- fully serrated with notches of about one- twelfth of an inch long. It must have been a very efficient weapon, capable of giving severe wounds. A fine black spear head was unfor- tunately broken into three pieces, and the middle one, about one inch in lengtli, was lost. When entire it measured six inches in length. The seven pestles, or mullers, show as many difl'erent forms, all well adapted to their pur- pose, which was, doubtless, to grind grain. The stone described as a " rolling pin " for want of a better name is, perhaps, the poorest specimen in the collection, and the one most liable to be distrusted. Made of micaceous and crumbling stone, it seems scarcely fit for any use. Its length is nine and three-fourths inches, and its diameter varies from one fourth to one and one-half inches, its general shape being that of a cylinder with rounded ends. It is by no means clear for what purpose the mass of brown sandstone, which is called " grindstone " in the list, was intended. In shape it rudely approaches the ordinary grind- stone, having a diameter of about six inches, and a thickness of three. On each of its flat sides are two confluent hemi-spherical cavities of about one and one-half inches in diameter. The two pairs of cavities happen to be placed at right angles with each other, though prob- ably by accident. Dr. H. H. Hill, of Cincin- nati, has several similar stones in his collec- tion, and suggests that they were possibly used to round the ends of horn and bone im- plements. This stone was found in Belle- fontaine. The nine slate ornaments differ entirely in shape and workmanship from the other relics, and seem to have been made by a different race of men. I have called them ornaments because unable to imagine any use to which they could be applied, and yet they seem equally foreign to our ideas of decoration. Four of them are simply oblong slabs, of about four inches in length by two in breadth, and one-fourth of an inch in thickness, pierced with one or two holes each. One is apparently intended to be suspended by one end, as shown by the position of the hole. The other end is shaped somewhat like an arrow-head. Its length is five inches; breadth, one and a half, and thickness, five-sixteenths. ~7y A ^ 188 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Possibly it was a Pliallus. A sixth piece is almost semi-circular, being about five inches by two and a half. It seems to be half of the oriffinal instrument, which must have had the form of an ancient, double-edged battlc-ax. The break has been through the eye, which was bored very truly, the hole being about two inches long by half an inch in diameter." This collection is preserved in the museum of the State Agricultural College by itself, and is very creditable to the county. There are large numbers of these stone relics yet in the county, but they have long ago lost their attraction save for the few to whom they speak a " various language." Among the stone relics to be found here are many of the Indian tribes, who, if the more modern theories are to be accepted, are a far more ancient people. But whether we consider the red Indian the original possessor of this land or the natural successor of the Mound Build- er, his early history is equally obscure. The Inipon the theater of conflict a new element of des- truction to helj) on the work of destruction and death — tories, outlaws, and deserters from fij- ?)l>> HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 193 the States; renegades among the Indians — " of that horrid brood," wrote Hugh H. Brackenridge, of Pittsburg, in 1782, " called refugees whom the Devil has long since marked as his own." By these desperadoes and go-betweens, the hostile tribes were in- flamed to a white-heat of rapacity against the frontier settlements.* To the student of Indian history it will seem superfluous to attempt to justify or extenuate the conduct of these tribes, but the majority of the readers of to-day are not versed in the history of the North American Indian. Popular resentment point to the ex- parte statements in regard to the Western tribes as a true account of their whole race, ignoring the fatal efiFect that one hundred years contact with civilization has wrought. The whites found the Indians possessing this land with all "the divine right" of Kings; their rulers, descending from a race of kings whose dynasties were old before that of the proudest white monarch began, made treaties, formed alliances, oppressed the weak, respect- ed the powerful, and determined the differences by war in right king-like fashion. But they were more than kings; in the cool recesses of the woods they had their homes, and here beyond the reach of the luxuries and vices of a corrupt civilization, " the wigwam blaze beamed on the tender and helpless, and the council fire glared on the wise and daring." The whites found these Western kings accessible, ready to make commercial treaties, and willing to make reasonable grants of land. The early traders, left alone and unprotected among these people, supported themselves upon their bounty, received their daughters as wives, and grew rich upon their trade, and yet for these gifts the red savages received at the hands of the white barbarians nothing but the basest treachery and ingratitude. As the _* Butterfield's " Crawford's Campaign against Sandusky, country was explored, and the white popula- tion increased, the ru/ht of the Indians dropped out of sight and his existence was acknowl- edged only as an awkward obstacle in the way of accomplishing the greedy designs of the \yhites. Just preceding the breaking out of the war of the Revolution, Royal Gover- nors and public oiEcials rioted in greedy land-speculations that depended for their value upon the extermination of the In- dians. The natives were not blind to this policy, and expostulated with their white '■'■Protectors.''^ — Said they, " where shall we go? You drive us farther and farther West; by and by you will want all the land," and history has verified their desponding prediction. In all the early wars, the Indians were used by the one faction or the other as a "cats- paw," and were the greatest sufferers in a contest in which the success of either party was alike inimical to them. Outraged and betrayed thus on all hands, they were readily enlisted against the dominant party, whether French, English or American, and in this attitude fell readilyinto the plans of the British, at Detroit, at the beginning of the war between the Colonies and England. The Shawanoes were especially accessible to British influence. Their leaders, who were counted among the most intellectual and ablest chieftains of the Ohio tribes, had long ago fathomed the policy of the colonial powers, and had felt the pres- sure which was destined to drive them from their hunting-ground. They were, therefore, bitterly hostile toward the frontier settlers of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and had lent their heartiest co-operation to the various efforts made by the Indians to resist the encroach- ments of the whites. In the end they had suffered the loss of several villages, many braves, and had endured innumerable pri- vations, and now that the aid of the British promised an opportunity for revenge and the hope of staying the progress of the settlements. -^h- it^ lf>4 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. thev eagerly entered into the alliance. The nation was early on the war-path, and signal- ized their attacks by their terrible success. In one of their raids into Kentucky the Shaw- anoos captured Daniel Boone with twenty- seven others, and brought them to their village of Old Chillicothe, situated on the Little Miami, about three miles north of Xenia (this village was named after the one on tlu; Piqua plains, which occupied the site of Westfall, Pickaway County, and was burned by Lord Diinraore in 1774:). Hamilton, who was in command at Detroit at that time, persuaded the nation to bring Boone to him, and otfered his captors a large ransom, which they persistently refused, and bringing him back to their town adopted him into a family, and did their utmost to make him contented. " lie mingled with their sports, shot, fished, hunted and swam with them, and had become deeply ingratiated in their favor, when, on the 18th of June, they t(x>k him to assist them in making salt in the Scioto Valley, at the old salt wells, near or at the present town of .lackson, in the county of that name. They remained a few clays, and when he returned to old Chilicothe, his heart was agonized by the sight of 450 war- riors, armed, painted and ecpiipped in all the paraphernalia of .savage splendor, ready to start on an c.\pi( .tunc, escaped from his Indian com- panions, and arrived in time to foil the plans of the enemy, and not ordy saved the borou-fh which he himself had founded, but probably all the frontier ])arts of Kentucky, from de- vastation." * "In the following year an expedition was organized to retaliate upon the Sliawanoes for these excursions, and in .fuly, 1770, Col. John Bowman, with 150 Kentuckians, marched ogaiiuit the town. The party rendezvoused • " HWriricnl Collwtloiw of Ohio." at the mouth of the Licking, and at the end of the second night got in sight of the town undiscovered. It was determined to wait until daylight in the morning before they would make the attack ; but by the impru- dence of some of the men, whose curiosity exceeded their judgment, the party was dis- covered by the Indians before the officers and men had arrived at the several positions assigned them. " As soon as the alarm was given, a fire commenced on both sides, and was kept up, while the women and children were seen running from cabin to cabin in the greatest confusion, and collecting in the most central and strongest. At clear daylight it was discovered that Bowman's men were from seventy to 100 yards from the cabins in which the Indians had collected, and which they ap- peared determined to d(!fend. Having no other arms than tomahawks and rillcs, it was thought imprudent to attempt to storm strong cabins, well defended by ex])ert warriors. In consequence of the warriors collecting in a few cabins contiguous to each other, the re- mainder of the town was left unprotected; therefore, while a fire wiis kept up at the port- holes, which engaged the attention of those within, fire was set to thirty or forty cabins, which were consumed, and a considerable (|uantity of property, consisting of kettles and blankets, were taken fnmi those cabins. In searching the woods near town, 133 horses were collected. About 10 o'clock Bowman anil his ])arty commenced their march homeward, after hav- ing 7iine men killed. AVhat loss the Indians sustained was never known, except Blaektish, tlieir prinei])al chief, who was wounded through the knee. The party had not march(>d more than eight or ten miles on their return home before the Indians appeared in consider- able force on their rear, and began to press hard upon that quarter. Bowman selected his ground and formed his men in a square. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 195 but the Indians declined a close engagement, only keejjing up a scattering fire. It was soon discovered that their object was to re- tard their march until they could procure re- inforcements from the neighboring villages."* This maneuver being repeated several times, about 100 of the rangers, mounted on their captured ponies, charged upon the savages, scattering them in every direction and put- ting an end to the attack. This expedition did but little more than to exasperate the sav- ages, and they showed their contempt for the power of the whites by repeated excursions of more or less magnitude during the fall of that year. In the meantime, Gen. Georgt; Rodney Clarke, who had emigrated to Ken- tucky, and been engaged two years before in capturing the English and French outposts in Illinois, turned his attention to the marauding Shawanoes and determined to bring them to terms, and on the 'Zd of August, 1780, took up his march for their towns. In the after- noon of the 6th the expedition reached the site of old Chillicothe, which Bowman had partially burned the year before, without en- countering any force of the enemy. On arriv- ing at this town they found it not only aban- doned, but most of the houses burned down, or burning, having been set on fire that morning. The army encamped on the ground that night, and on the following day cut down several hundred acres of corn, and about four o'clock in the evening, took up their line of march for the Piqua towns, situated about twelve miles above Chillicothe, on the Mad River. The town was built in the manner of French vil- lages, extending along the margin of the river for more than three miles. According to Drake, the biographer of Tecuraseh, "the principal part of Piqua stood upon a plain, rising fifteen or twenty feet above the river. On the south, between the village and the river, there was an extensive prairie; on the "Notes on Kentucky. northwest, some bold cliiTs, terminating near the river, on the west and northwest, level timbered land, while on the opposite side of the stream another prairie, of varying width, stretched back to the high grounds. The river sweeping by in a graceful bend; the pre- cipitous, rocky cliffs; the undulating hills, with their towering trees; the prairies, gar- nished with tall grass and brilliant flowers, combined to render the situation of Piqua both beautiful and picturesque. At the period of its destruction, Piqua was quite populous." There was a rude log hut within its limits, surrounded by pickets, but the Indians, when attacked, feared to enter it, and took post in their houses. The force of Clarke numbered about 1,000 men, and its divisions were commanded by Cols. Logan, Lynn, Floyd, Harrod and Slaughter. The whites came upon the village on the morning of the 8th of August. They had marched most of the night before, and, after a short rest, were on the march by sunrise on the 8th, and arrived in sight of Piqua about two o'clock in the af- ternoon. The Indian road from Chillicothe to Piqua, which the army followed, crossed the river about a quarter of a mile below the town. There were but two avenues l)y which the town could be reached, viz: from up and down the river. These three avenues of ap- proach were occupied by the different divi- sions of the armj', an arrangement which was expected would result in the capture of the entire band, which consisted of Sha- wanoes, Mingoes, Wyandots and Delawares, numbering, it is said, nearly 4,000 warriors. But Col. Logan who had charge of the lower division was delayed, and did not reach its position before the attack commenced, and it is said never saw an Indian during the whole action. The fight was bitterly contested on both sides, but a defection of a large body of Mingoes and the artillery of the whites ren- dered the contest short, and the Indians were 1% HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. thoroughly beaten. The loss on both sides was about equal, each having about twenty killed. On the following day the army de- voted its attention to the destruction of the village and crops; the amount of corn de- stroyed at the villages of Cliillieothe and Piqua being estimated at 500 acres. These towns were never rebuilt by the Shawanoes, tlic inhabitants removing to the Great Miami, where they built a town and named it from the one destroyed. This was a severe blow, and gave the hunters jilenty of occupation to provide for their families, which resulted in an extended cessation of hostilities on the border. Two years later Gen. Clarke organ- ized another expedition, numbering 1,000 men, for the purpose iif lireaking up the now Piqua towns which the Shawanoes had built on the Great Miami, after the destruction of the old towns on the Mad River. They started from Kentucky after corn planting, and proceeded without regard to their former trail, crossing the Mad River, not far from the present site of Dayton, and, keeping up the cast side of the Miami, crossed it about four miles below the Piqua towns. The Indians seem to have been taken completely by sur- prise, and shortly after gaining the bottoms on the west side of the river, the army came upon a party of Indians mounted, and with tJieir squaws, going to Pi()ua to hold some frolic or festival. The Indians fled from their towns, leaving most of their property behind. Here the army remained over night, the na- tives gathering about in the hazel bush, and doing such small damage as occasion afforded- But few lives were lost on either side; and after destroying the village and the store of the trader, Lriramie, the army returned to Kinitutky. Notwithstanding these repeated chastisements, the ShawanocB maintained an undaunted front, and avenged these compar- atively slight flaniiiges by repeated forays upon the border, that never failed to add to the bloody trophies of their savage war. " On Easter Sundaj-, ^Milh^r's block-house, on the Dutch fork of Buffalo Creek, in Washing- ton County, Ohio, was attacked bj' a party of seventy Shawanoes." * This was not long after the attack on their towns in l^SS, and illus- trated how difficult it was to quiet these im- placable foes of the whites. "The war of the Revolution was now vir- tually ended. The western border war, how- ever, which it had evoked, was still raging with undiminished fury. Lord Cornwallis had surrendered, and the murdering forays of the Indians of the north were at an end; but, in the west, there was no cessation of predatory incursions of the savages.* The repeated successes of Boquet, Dunmore, Bowman and Clarke, while not subdu- ing the Sliawanoes, had driven them from their old haunts, and had concentrated the hostile tribes in the northwestern part of the State. Retreating from the Scioto and the lawer waters of the Great Miami, the Shawa- noes had rebuilt their destroyed towns in this section; Chillicothe oh the Upper and Lower Piqua, on the upper waters of the two Miami Rivers, and tlie Mackacliaek towns — Macka- chack. Pigeon Town, and Wapatomica— on the Mad River. After the destruction of their principal town on the Muskingum, by Broad- head in 1781, the Delawares had retreated from that river and set up their lodges among the Shawanoes and Wyandots — the village chief, Buckongehelas, locating in one of the Mackachack towns — and were now, in 1782, in close alliance with these tribes. The rallying point for these tribes seemed to be at Upper Sandusky. "That most of the scalping parties j)rowling upon the frontiers came from San- dusky, was well known; not, liowever, that all the savages depredating upon the settlements were Wyandots; but tha«t their tovm was the * Buttcrficld'g Crawford's Campaign, 1782. i. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 197 grand rallying point for the British Indians before starting for the border. The pressing need, therefore, for its destruction, none failed to appreciate. On a line running nearly north and south from near the mouth of the of the Sandusky River to the head of the Miami were located Wyandots, Sha- wanoes, Delawares and Mingoes."* On this line, about equally distant from the two extremes, was the objective point of an expedition then fitting out under Col. Wil- liam Crawford. The disastrous termination of this expedition, and the cruel fate of its gallant leader, is well known. The Indians kept a strict watch upon the border, and long before the expedition reached its destination, its object was known, and measures for defence concerted. The Delawares and Wy- andots were to keep the whites in check while the more remote nations — the Shawanoes and Mingoes, came to their relief. Word had been sent to Detroit, and troops were ex- pected from there. On the 4th of June Crawford's command came in sight of the enemy. "The Indians had chosen a favora- ble point for the assembling of their forces. It was not far distant from the two traces — the one leading northeast to the Half-king's town; the other, northwest to Pipe's town — branching off from the springs, the spot where Upper Sandusky now stands."f The fight that ensued was a stubborn one, in which the advantage was more with the whites, perhaps, than with their opponents, and on the follow- ing day the troops felt confident of victory. In the afternoon of the second day, however, matters took a serious change for the expedi- tion. Reinforcements from Detroit arrived, and soon after them some 200 Shawanoes came upon the field. The only question then for the expedition was how to secure their re- treat in the safest manner. As soon as it was *Eutterneia. tButturtield. dark they began to make preparations to with- draw, the Indians discovering their intentions as they were about to start. They at once be- gan a furious attack, throwing the troops into disorder, inflicting severe loss upon them, in the way of killed and captured. The main body, finally shaking off their pursuers, reached the point from whence they started in safety, but a number that were separated from the troops in the confusion of the fight were either shot _'or captured. A party of six, one of whom was John Slover, a guide to the expedition, and who had been captured when a boy, and adopted into the Shawanocse tribe, had reach- ed a point within twenty miles of the Tuscar- awas, in what is now Wayne County. "Here they were ambuscaded l)y a party of Shawa- noes, who had followed their path all the way from the Sandusky Plains. The Indians kill- ed two of tlie men at the first fire. One es- caped, and Slover, with two men, were made prisoners. Strange to say, one of the Indians was of the party which captured Slover when a boy, in Virginia. He was recognized by him; came up and spoke to him, calling him by his Indian name — Mannucothe. He up- braided him, however, for coming to war against them. The three prisoners were taken back to the Plains, where the Indians had some horses they had taken, which had belonged to the Americans. These were found; and after the whole party had mounted, they started for the Shawanoes towns upon the Mad River, in what is now Logan County. On the third day after their capture, they came in sight of a small Indian village. Hitherto, the savages had treated their prisoners kindly, giving them a little meat and flour to eat, which they had found, or taken from other captives. Now, however, the Indians began to look sour. The town they were approaching was not far from Wapatomica, their principal village — situated just below what is now Zanesfield, \ Jt 198 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. ill Logan Coiinty — to which the savages iii- tendoil to take their prisoners. The inhab- itants of the vilhige, which they were nearing, came out with clubs and tomahawks — struck, beat and abused the three captives greatly. Tho3' seized one of Slover's coni])anions, the oldest one, stripped him naked, and with coal and water painted him black. The man seemed to surmise, that this was the sign that he was to be burnt, and shed tears. He asked Slover the meaning of his being blacked; but the Indians, in their own language, for- bade him telling the man wliat was intended. They assured the latter, speaking English to him, that he was not to be hurt. " A warrior had been sent to Wapatomica, to aiMjuaint them with the arrival of the prison- ers, and prepare them for the frolic; and, on the approach of the captives, the iniiabitants came out with guns, clubs and tomahawks. The three were told they had to run to the council-house, about 300 yards distant. The man who was painted black was about twenty yards in advance of the otiier two in running the gainitlet. They made him their principal ol)ject; men, women and children beating him, and those who iuid guns firing loads of powder into his lli'sli as he ran naked, j)utting the mu/zles of their guns up to his body; shouting, hallooing and beating their drums in the meantime. The indiappy man had reached the dour of the council-house, beaten and woutxlcd in a shocking manner. Slover and his coiii|)aiiion, having already arrived, then had a lull view of the spectacle — a most horrid one! They had cut liim with their tomahawks, shot his body blai-k, and burnt it into holes with loads of pi)wdcr blown into it. A large wadding had made a wound in his shoulder, whence the l)ld gushed very freely. The unfortunat*' man, agreeable to the dec- larations of till" savages when he first set out, had reason to think himself secure when the door of the council-house was reached. This seemed to be his hope, for, coming vip with great struggling and endeavor, he laid hold of the door, but was pulled back and drawn away by the enemy. Finding now that no mercy was intended, he attempted several times to snatch or lay hold of some of their tomahawks, but, being weak, could not effect it. Slover saw him borne off; and the In- dians were a long time beating, wounding, pursuing and killing him ! The same even- ing Slover saw the dead body close by the council-house. It was cruelly mangled; the blood mingled with the powder was rendered black. He saw, also, the same evening the body after it had been cut in two pieces — the limbs and head about 200 yards on the out- side of the town, stuck on poles. The same evening Slover also saw the bodies of three others at Wapatomica, in the same black and mangled condition. These, he was told, had been put to death the same day, and just before his arrival. One of these was William Harrison, the son-in-law of Craw- ford; another, j'oung William Crawford, a nephew. The third body Slover could not recognize, but he believed it to be Major John McClelland, fourth in command of the expi'- dition. The ne.xt day the bodies of these men were dragged to the outside of the town, and their cor])ses given to the dogs, except their limbs and heads, which were stuck on jjoles ! Such were the awful resiilts of the wild orgies at Wapatomica. The surviving comjtanion of Slover, shortly after, was sent to another town, to be, as the latter presumed, either burnt or executed in the same manner as the other comrades had been. In the evening the Indians assembled in the council-house. It was a large building about fifty yards in length, and about twenty- fiv(! vards wide. Its height was about sixteen feet. It was built with s|)lit ])(ilcs .■md cov- ered with bark. Tin' liist thing doni' ujxm -SJv?' HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 19!) the assembling of the savages was to examine Slover. This was done in their own tongue, as he spoke the Miami, Shawanoese and Dela- ware languages, especially the first two, with fluency. They interrogated him concerning the situation of his country, its provisions, the number of its inhabitants, the state of war between it and Great Britain. He informed them that Cornwallis was taken. The next day Capt. Matthew Elliot, with James Girty, came to the council. The later was the bro- ther of Simon Girty and an adopted Sha- wanoese. The former assurred the Indians that Slover had lied; that Cornwallis was not taken, and the Indians seemed to give full credit to his declaration. Hitherto Slover had been treated with some appearance of kindness, but now the savages began to alter their behavior toward him. The council at Wapatomica lasted fifteen days, from fifty to one hundred warriors being usually present, and sometimes more. Every warrior was admitted, but only the chiefs or head warriors had the privilege of speaking — these being accounted such, from the num- ber of scalps and prisoners they had taken. The third day Alexander McKee was in coun- cil, and afterward was generally present. He spoke little. He asked Slover no ques- tions; indeed, did not speak to him at all. He then lived about two miles out of the town; had a house built of square logs, with a shingle roof. He was dressed in gold-laced clothes. He was seen bj' Slover at the town the latter first passed through. On the last day of the council, save one, a "speech" came from Detroit, brought by a warrior who had been counseling with De Peyster, the com- manding officer at that place. The "speech" had long been expected, and was in answer to one sent some time previous to Detroit. It was in a belt of wampum, and began with the address, "My Children:" and inquired why the Indians continued to take prisoners. " Provisions are scarce; when prisoners are brought in we are obliged to maintain them; and some of them run away and carry tidings of our aifairs. When any of your jjeople fall into the hands of the rebels, they show no mercy; why, then, should you take prisoners? Take no more prisoners, my children, of any sort — man, woman or child." Two days after, all the tribes that were near, being collected in council — Ottawas, Chipjiewas, Wyandots, Mingoes, Delawares, Shawanoes, Monseys, and a part of the Che- rokees— it was determined to take no more prisoners, and in the event of any tribe not present, taking any, the others would rise against them, take away the captives and put them to death. They laid jilans also against the settlements of Kentucky — the Falls (Louisville) and Wheeling. About this time, twelve men were broiight in from Kentucky, three of whom wore burnt in Wampatoraica. The remainder were dis- tributed to other towns, where they shared the same fate. The council was now over, and on the fol- lowing day about forty warriors accompanied I)y George Girty, an adopted Delaware, a brother of Simon and James Girty, came early in the morning around the house where Slover was. He was sitting before the door. They put a rope around his neck, tied his arms behind his back, stripped him naked and blacked him in the usual manner. Girt}', as soon as he was tied, cursed him, telling him he would get what he had many years deserved. Slover was led to a town about five miles away, to which a messenger had been dispatched to desire them to prepare to receive him. Arriving at the town, he was beaten with clubs and the pipe ends of the tomahawks, and was kept for some time tied to a tree before a house-door. In the mean- time, the inhabitants set out for another town about two miles distant, where Slover 200 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. was to lie burnt, and where he arrived about three o'clock in the afternoon. They wen; now at Mackachack, not far from the present site of West Libert)', in Logan County. At Mac-kaciiack there was a council-house also, as at AVapatomica, but part only of it was covered. In the part without a roof was a post about sixteen feet in height; around this, at a distance of four feet, were three piles of wood about three feet high. Slover was brought to the post, bis arms tied behind him, and the thong or cord with which they W(?re bound was fastened to it ; a rope was also put about his neck and tied to the post about four feet above his head. While they were tying him, the wood was kindled and began to flame; just then the wind began to blow, and in a very short time the rain fell violently. The fire, which by this time had begun to blaze considerably, was instantly e.\tinguished. The rain lasted about a quarter of an hour. When it was over, the savages stood amazed, and were a long time silent. At last one said they would let him alone till morning, and have a whole day's frolic in burning him. The, sun at this time, was about three hours high. The rope about his neck was untied, and making him sit down, they began to dance arouml him."* He was afterward allowed to lay down to rest under guard of three In- dians, anil during the night he made his es- cape, reaching his home in safetj'. Their success in this campaign greatly em- boldened the savages, and they carried out their plans concerted at Wapatomica, with terrible fatality among the s<'attered settle- ments of Kentucky and Pennsylvania. On the 11th of September, George Girty, at the head of ilOO Indians, reinforced by a i)arty of forty rangers from Detroit, and some small cannon, maanied the expedition under Logan, and thus describes the march and its results, in Howe's Historical Collec- tions of Ohio: " We came in view of the two first towns, one of which stood on the west bank of the Mad River, and the other on the northeast of it. They were separated by a prairie, half a mile in extent. The town on the northeast was situated on a high, commanding point of land that pro- jected a small distance into the prairie, at the foot of which eminence broke out sev- eral lino springs. This was the residence of the famous chief of the nation — Moluntha. •DullerfR-ld. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 21)1 His flag was flying at the time, from the top of a pole sixty feet high. We had advanced in three lines, the commander with some horse- men marching at the head of the centre line and the foot men in their rear. Col. Robert Patterson commanded the left, and I think Col. Thomas Kennedy the right. When we came in sight of the towns, the spies of the front guard made a halt, and sent a man back to inform the commander of the situation of the two towns. He ordered Col. Patterson to at- tack the town on the left bank of the river. Col. Kennedy was also charged to incline a little to the right of the town on the east side of the prairie. He determined himself to charge with the centre division, immediately on the upper town. As we approached within half a mile of the town on the left, and about three-fourths from that on the riffht, we saw the savages retreating in all directions, mak- ing for the thickets, swamps and high prairie grass, to secure them from the enemy. As we came up with the flying savages, I was dis- appointed, discovering that we should have little to do. I heard but one savage, with the exception of the chief, cry for quarter. They fought with desperation, as long as they could raise knife, gun or tomahawk, after they found they could not screen themselves. We dispatched all the warriors we overtook, and sent the women and children prisoners to the rear. We pushed ahead, and had not advanced more than a mile, before I discover- ed some of the enemy. AVhen I arrived within fifty yards of them, I dismounted and raised my gun. I discovered at this moment some men of the right coming up on the left. The warrior I was about to shoot held up his hand in token of surrender, and I heard him order the Indians to stop. By this time, the men behind had arrived, and were in the act of firing upon the Indians. I called to them not to fire, for the enemy had surrendered. The warrior that had surrendered to me came walking toward me, calling his women and children to follow him. I advanced to meet him, with my right hand extended, but, before I could reach him, the men of the right wing' had sur- rounded him. I rushed in among their horses. While he was giving me his hand, several of our men asked to tomahawk him. I informed them that they would have to tomahawk me first. We led him back to the place where his flag had been. We had taken thirteen prisoners. Among them were the chief, his three wives — one of them a young and hand- some woman, another of them the famous grenadier squaw, upwards of six feet high — • and two or three fine young lads. The rest were children. One of these lads was a remarka- bly interesting youth, about my own age and size. He clung closely to me, and appeared keenly to notice everything that was going on. When we arrived at the town, a crowd of our men pressed around to see the chief. I stepped aside to fasten my horse, my prisoner clinging close to my side. A young man by the name of Curner had been to the springs to drink ; he discovered the young savage by my side, and came run- ning towards me. The young Indian sujs- posed he was advancing to kill him ; as I turned around, in the twinkling of an eye he let fly an arrow at Curner, for he was armed with a bow. I had just time to catch his arm as he discharged the arrow, which passed through Curner's dress and grazed his side. The jerk I gave his arm undoubtedly pre- vented his killing Curner on the spot. I took away his arrows, sternly reprimanding him, and led him back to the crowd which sur- rounded the prisoners. At the same moment, Col. McGary, the same man who had caused the disaster at the Blue Licks some years before, coming up, Gen. Logan's eye caught that of McGary. 'Col. McGary,' said he, 'you must not molest these prisoners.' ' I will see to that,' McGary replied. Coming 20-2 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. up to the chief, his first salutation was the quostioii : ' "Were you at the defeat of the Blue Lieks?' The Indian, not knowing the meaning- of the words, or not understandinjr tli(> purport of the question, answered in the ailirni- ative. McGary instantly seized an ax from the hands of the grenadier squaw, and raised it to make a blow at the chief. I throw up my arm to ward oif the blow, when the ax came down, the handle striking my wrist and nearly breaking it, while the blade sank into the head of the chief to the eyes, who fell dead at my feet. Provoked beyond measure at this wanton barbarity, I drew my knifo for the purjiose of avenging his cruelty by dispatching him. My arm was arrested by one of our men, which prevented me inflict- ing the thrust. McGary escaped in the crowd. A detachment was then ordered off to two other towns, distant six or eight miles. The men and j)ris(iners were ordered to march down to the lower town and encamp. As we marched out of the upper town, we fired it, collecting a large i)ile of corn for our horses, and beans, ])unq)kins, etc., for our own use. Next morning, Gen. Logan ordered another detachment to attack a town that lay seven or<'ightmilcstothe north ornorthwest of where we then were. This town was also burnt, to- gethiT with a large block house lliat the Eng- lish had built there, of huge size and thick- ness, and the detachment returned that niirht to the main body. Jlr. Isaac Zane was at that time living at this last village, he being married to a squaw, and having at the place his wife and several I'hildren at the time." It ap|)ears that the warriors were absent hunting, and the occupants of the towiis were principally the non-combatants of the nation. A deserting Frenchman warnerl these of their danger, but the troops, arriving so much sooner than was expected, effected a complete surprise an> HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 200 or vending their baskets. M. Arrow-smith, in Antrim's History, relates several incidents illustrating their character in dealinsT with the wliites. An Indian came to Thomas Kenton to buy a horse; the animals were running at large, and going to look at them, only one filled the eye of the savage. Mr. Kenton demanded eighty dollars, but the Indian offered seventy, and finally displayed both open hands seven times and a single hand once, signifying seventy-five dollars; this was agreed upon, but there was only seventy-four dollars forthcoming; Kenton trusted him the dollar to be paid on a certain day, whicli came to hand promptly as agreed upon. They were fre- quently found about the large towns on the frontier, and the storekeepers carried on a thriving trade with them, selling the finest broadcloths to the squaws for petticoats, and the brightests prints to the men for shirts. The store of Gen. Gardner was the principal place for this trade in Bellefontaine, and he relates many interesting incidents of his deal- ings with them. On one occasion an • Indian ■with his squaw came in the store to trade, the man remaining apparently uninterested, while the squaw bought the goods he desired. While thus engaged, an older squaw rode up on her pony with her papoose strapped to her back, and coming into the store, placed her pa- poose in the hands of the Indian without sayino- a word. This action caught the eye of the man's young squaw, who, without a word of explanation, set upon the mother, when en- sued a scene of screaming and hair-puUin"-, probably not excelled in our civilized com- munities. The older squaw was finally ex- hausted; seizing her heir and "ground of of- fense," she mounted her horse and left without a word of explanation, the Indian in the mean- while, as well as the occupants of the store, looking on with apparent indifference. Tiials of skill and drinking bouts were of frequent occurrence, but there was but little friction between the two races, the m'ore prudent of the tribes sanctioning any punishment which the justice of the case demanded. Ka-los- i-tah was a noted Shawanoe ^vl•estler, and his contests with the most expert of the whites are remembered, and related with great zest by the older inhabitants. He was in his prime about the time of the removal of his tribe to the West, and was probably the most powerful man in the Northwest. At a grand hopping-match during the treaty making, Ka-los-i-tah dis- tanced all competitors by going nearly fifty feet in two hops and a jump. On this occa- sion a wrestling-match was made up between him and a noted white wrestler by the name of Wilson. The Indian made a wager of a finely wi-ought belt against a checkered silk handkerchief, with Judge McCulloch, that he would throw his antagonist. After they had assumed their positions the Indian giant al- lowed his antagonist to do his utmost before attempting any aggressive movement. After using every art and displaying his full mus- cular power, Wilson failed to move his oppo- nent. "Now, me!" said Ka-los-i-tah, and laid Wilson on the ground gently as a child. Some people of Kentucky brought a stalwart negro to test the champion's powers, who caused even the friends of the Indian to in- dulge in serious doubts as to the outcome of the contest. The contest was not so unequal as the preceding one, but the red man threw this black antagonist to the ground with such a heavy thud, that only the by-standers pre- vented the contest taking on a more serious ending. Wrestling with this native athlete was at best a very serious business, and several suffered a broken leg for their te- merity in challenging him. At West Liberty, on one occasion, a conceited saddler by the name of John Norris, tried conclusions with him. He had scarcely exerted him- self, when catching his antagonist with his IKT A 210 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. "jirape-vine twist," he snapped Norris' leg like a pipe-stem. As Norris sank to the ground, the only reply the imperturble In- dian made to the e.xpostulating cries of the whites, was, "leg must be rotten I" In the zenith of his glorious prime, Ka-los-i-tah was considerably over six feet in height, weighed about two hundred pounds, was strong as a buffalo, and as lithe as a tiger. A long career of intemperance enfeebled his powers, and he was in later years frequently defeated when under the influence of liquor. At Wapagh- ko-netta Reservation the ShawanoeChiefs Blue Jacket and Black Hoof resided, and at their village had fine orchards planted by the French, and a delightful location, embracing some GC,000 acres. Here, previous to 1829, Col. John Johnston presided, with David Hobb as sub-agent. The latter, in a communi- cation embodied in Howe's Historical Collec- tions of Ohio, gives an interesting account of the reservation life of this nation. He savs: "Inlempcrnncc lo a great extent prevnileilamongllie Imlinns; tlicrc was, however, as wide a contrast in lliis respect a.M with tlic whites, and some of the more virtuous refused lo associate with llie olliers. This class also cultivated their liltlc farms with a degree of tiiste and judgment ; some of these could cook a com- furltthle meal, and I have eaten butler and a kind of cheese made by them. Many of them were quite in- genious and natural mechanics, with a considerable knowledge of, and an inclinatiun to use tools. One chief had an assortment of carpenler's tools which he kepi in neat order. He mailc plows, harrows, wagons, boislcnds, tables, bureaus, elc. lie was frank, liberal and conscientious. On my asking him who laughthim theuseof tools, he replicil, '• No one;" then pointingup 111 the sky, he said, •• Ibo Great Spirit taught me." With all their foibles and vices, there is something fascin.iling in the Indian character, and one cannot long associate with them without hkving a perceptible, growing allachmenl. The Indian is emphatically the natural man, and it is an easy thing lo make an Imlian out of n while person, but very diflicult to civilize or l.'hristinniic un Inilinn. I have known a number of whiles who lind l.ciii inken prisoners by the Indians when young, and withoiil exception Ihey formed such attachments tliiit, afier being with them some time, they could not be induced to return to their own peo- ple. There was a woman among the Shawanoes, sup- posed to be near an hundred years of age, who was taken prisoner when young in easlern Pennsylvania. Some years after her friends, through the agency of traders, endeavored to induce her to return, but in vain. She became, if possible, more of a squaw in her habits and appearance than any female in the Na- tion. As a sample of llieir punctuality in perfoiming their contracts, I would state that I have often loaned them money,which was always returned in due season, with a single exception. This was a loan to a young man who promised to pay me when they received their annuity. After the ap]iointcd time he shunned me, and the mat- ter remained unsettled until just prior to our depart- ure for their new homes. I then stated the circum- stances to one of the chiefs, more from curiosity to see how he would receive the intelligence than with the expectation of its being the means of bringing the money. He, thereupon, talked with the Ltd upon the subject, but, being unsuccessful, he called a council of his brother chiefs, who formed a circle, with the young man in the centre. After talking with him awhile in a low tone, they broke out and vociferously repri- manded him for his dishonest conduct, but all proved unavailing. Finally the chiefs, in a most generous and noble spirit, made up the amount from their own pockets and pleasantly tendered it to me. The Indians being firm believers in witchcraft, gen- erally attributed sickness and other misfortunes to this cause, and were in the habit of murdering those whom they suspected of practicing it. They have been known to travel all the way from the Mississippi to Wupakonelta, and shoot down a person in his cabin, merely on suspicion of his being a wizard, and relurn unmolested. Wiien a person became so sick as to lead them to think that he was in danger of death, it was usual for them to place him in the woods alone, with no one to attend except a nurse or doctor, who gener- ally acted as agent in hurrying on their dissolution. It was distressing to sec one in this situation. I have been permitted to do this only through the courtesy of Ihc relatives, it being contrary lo rule for any to visit them except such as had medical care of them. The whole Nation are at liberty to attend the funeral at which there is generally great lamentation. A chief (probably Itlack Moot) who died just previous to their removal, was buried in the following manner: They bored holes in the lid of his coflin (as is their ^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 211 custom) over his eyes and mouth, to let the Good Spirit pass in and out. Over the grave they laid presents, etc., with provisions, which they affirmed the Good Spirit would take in the night. Sure enough ! these articles had all disappeared in the morning, by the hand of an evil spirit clothed in human body. There were many funerals among the Indians, and their numbers rapidly increased. Intemperance and pulmonary and scrofulous diseases made up a large share of their bills of mortality, and the number of deaths to the births were as one to three." In August, 1831, treaties were negotiated with the tribes at Lewistown and Wapagh- ko-netta, for their removal to the West. This treaty was made by James Gardner and Col. John McElvain, Special Commissioners in be- half of the Government, and in September, 1832, the natives were conducted by D. M. Workman and David Roble to a reservation in Indian Territory on the Kansas River. Tiie I'ollowino: account of their removal we gather from the article of Mr. Robb, quoted from above : " While we were encamped, wait- ing for the Indians to finish their ceremonies prior to emigrating, we were much annoyed by an unprincipled band of whites who came to trade, particularly in the article of whis- key, which they secreted from us in the woods. The Ir>dians all knew of this depot, and were continually going, like bees from the hive, day and night, and it was difficult to tell whether some who led in the worship passed most of the time in that employment or in drinking whiskey. While this state of things lasted, the officers could do nothing satisfactorily with them, nor were they sensi- ble of the consequences of continuing in such a course. The Government was bound by treaty stipulations to maintain them one year only, which was passing away, and win- ter was fast approaching, when they could not well travel, and if they could not arrive until spring they would be unable to raise a crop, and consequently would be out of bread. We finally assembled the chiefs and other in- fluential men, and presenting these facts vividly before them, they became alarmed and promised to reform. We then authorized them to tomahawk every barrel, keg, jug or bottle of whiskey that they could find, under the promise to pay for all and protect them from harm in so doing. They all agreed to do this, and went to work that night to ac- complish the task. Having laid down at a late hour to sleep, I was awakened by one who said he found and brought me a jug of w^hiskey. I handed him a quarter of a dollar, set the whiskey down, and fell asleep again. The same fellow then came, stole the jug and all, and sold the contents that night to the Indians at a shilling a dram — a pretty good speculation on a half gallon of ' whisk,' as the Indians call it, I suspected him of the trick, but he would not confess it until I was about to part with them at the end of the journey, when he came to me and related tiic circumstances, saying that it was too good a story to keep. "After we had rendezvoused, preparatory to moving, we were detained several weeks wait- ing until they had got over their tedious round of religious ceremonies, some of which were public and others kept private from us. One of their first acts was to take away the fencing from the graves of their fathers, level them to the surrounding surface, and cover them so neatly with green sod that not a trace of the grass could be seen. Subsequently, a few of the chiefs and others visited their friends at a distance; gave and received presents from chiefs of other nations at their headquarters. Among the ceremonies alluded to was a dance, in which none participated but the warriors. They threw oft" all their clothing but their britchclouts, painted their faces and naked bodies in a fantastical manner, cover- ing them with the pictures of snakes and dis- agreeable insects and animals, and then, armed with war clubs, commenced dancing. ^P 212 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. j-elling and frightfully distorting their coun- tenances. The scene was truly terrific. This was followed by the dance they usually have on returning from a victorious battle, in which both sexes participated. It was a pleasing contrast to the other, and was performed in the night, in a ring, around a large fire. In this they sang and marched, males and females, promiscuously, in single file, around the blaze. The leader of the band commenced singing, while all the rest were silent until he had sung a certain number of words; then the next in the row commenced with the same, and the leader began with a now set, and so on to the end of their chanting. AH were singini^at once, but no two the same words. I was told that part of the words they used was hallelujah! It was pleasing to witness the native modesty and graceful movements of those young ft-males in this dance. " When their ceremonies were over, they informed us they were now ready to leave. They then mounted their horses, and such as went in wagons seated themselves, and set out with their 'high priest' in front, bearing on his shoulders ' the ark of the covenant,' which consisted of a large gourd and the bones of a deer's leg tied to its neck. Just previous to starting, the priest gave a blast of his trumpet, then moved slowly and sol- emnly while the others followed in like man- ner, until they were ordered to halt in the evening for encampment, when the priest gave another blast as a signal to stop, erect their tents, and cook supper. The same course was observed through the whole jour- ncv; when they arrived near St. Louis, they lost some of their number by cholera. The Shawanoes who emigrated numbered about 700 souls, and the Senecas about 350, among whom was a detachment of Ottawas who were conducted liy Capt. Hollister from the Maumee country." The principal speaker among the Shaw- anoes at the period of their removal was Wiwelipea.* He was an eloquent orator, and at times his manner was so facinating, his countenance so full of varied expression, and his voice so musical, that surveyors and other strangers passing through the country listen- ed to him with delight, although the words fell upon their ears in an unknown language. He removed with his tribe to the west. Cornstalk was a famous chief of this nation, and lead its warriors when the Shawanoes were in the prime of their tribal existence. At that time their principal village was at Old Chillicothc, which stood upon the site of the village of Westfall, Pickaway County. At the battle of Point Pleasant, in 1774, he com- manded the forces of the allied Indians, con- sisting of some 1,000 warriors, with consum- mate skill, and if at any time his warriors were believed to waver, his voice could be heard above the din of battle, exclaiming, in his na- tive tongue, " Be strong ! be strong ! " When he returned to the Pickaway towns, after the battle, ho called a council of the nation to consult what should be done, and upbraided them in not suffering him to make peace, as he desired, on the evening before the battle. "What," said he, "will j-ou do now? The Big Knife is coming on us, and we shall all be killed. Now you must fight or we are un- done." But no one answering, he said, " then lets kill all our women and children, and go and fight until we die." But still no answer was made, when, rising, he struck his toma- hawk in a post of the Council House, and ex- claimed, " I'll go and make peace," to which all the warriors grunted, "Ough ! ough !"and runners were instantly dispatched to Dun- more to solicit peace. In the summer of 1777 he was atrociously murdered at Point Pleasant. As his mur- derers were approaching, his son Eliiiipsico trembled violently. His father encouraged •Howe. "Oli f^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. .'13 him not to be afraid, for that the Great Man above had sent him there to be killed and die ■with him. As the men advanced to the door, the Cornstalk rose up and met them; they fired, and seven or eight bullets went through him. So fell the Cornstalk, the great chief- tain, a man of true nobility of soul, and a brave warrior, whose name was bestowed upon him by the consent of the nation, as their great strength and support. Had he lived, it is believed that he would have been friendly with the Americans, as he had come over to visit the garrison at Point Pleasant to communicate the designs of the Indians of uniting with the British.* Catahocaasa, or Black Hoof as he fs more popularly known, rose into distinction in his nation even before the death of Cornstalk. " He was born in Florida, and at the period of the removal of a portion of the nation to Ohio and Pennsylvania, was old enough to recollect having bathed in salt water. He was present, with others of his tribe, at the defeat of Braddock, near Pittsburg, in 1755, and was engaged in all the wars in Ohio from that time until the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. Sucli was the sagacit}' of Black Hoof in planning his military expeditions, and such the energy with which he executed them, that he won the confidence of his whole nation, and was never at a loss for braves to fight under his banner. He was known far and wide as the great Shawanoe warrior, whose cunning, sagacity, and experience were only equaled by the fierce and desperate bravery with which he carried into operation his mili- tary plans. Like the other Shawanoe chiefs, he was the inveterate foe of the white man, and held that no peace should be made, nor any negotiation attempted, except on the con- dition that the whites should repass the moun- tains, and leave the great plains of the West to the sole occupancy of the natives. »Eominiscences of Abraham Thomas. " He was the orator of his tribe during the greater part of his long life, and was an excel- lent speaker. The venerable Col. Johnston, of Piqua, to whom we are indebted for much valuable information, describes him as the most graceful Indian he had ever seen, and as possessing the most happy and natural faculty of expressing his ideas. He was well versed in the traditions of his people; no one under- stood better their peculiar relations to the whites, whose settlements were gradually en- croaching on them; or could detail with more minuteness the wrongs with which his nation was afflicted. But, although astern and un- compromising opposition to the whites had marked his policy through a series of forty years, and nerved his arm in a hundred bat- tles, he b(^came, a length, convinced of the madness of an ineffectual struggle against a vastly superior and hourly increasing foe. No sooner had he satisfied himself of this truth, than he acted upon it with the decision which formed a prominent trait in his character. The temporary success of the Indians in several engagements previous to the cam- paign of Gen. Wayne, had kept alive their expiring hopes; but their signal defeat by that gdllant officer convinced the more re- flecting of their leaders of the desperate character of, the conflict. Black Hoof was among those who decided upon making terms with the victorious American commander; and having signed the Treaty of 1795, at Greenville, he continued faithful to his stipu- lations during the remainder of his life. He was friendly, not from symjiathy or conviction, but in obedience to a necessity which left no middle course, and under a belief that submission alone could save his tribe from destruction; and having adopted this policy, his sagacity and sense of honor, alike for- bade a recurrence either to open or secret hostility. He was the principal chief of the Shawanoese nation, and possessed all -2 ?U>- 214 HISTORY OF LOG Ay COUNTY. the influence and authority which are usually attached to that office at the period when Te- cuinseh and his brother, the Prophet, com- menced their hostile operations against the United States. It became the interest as well as policy of these chiefs to enlist Black Hoof in their enterprise; and every eflfort which the genius of one, and cunning of the other, could devise, was brought to bear upon him. But Black Hoof continued faithful, and by prudence and influence kept the greater part of his tribe from joining the standard of Te- cumseh. In "January, 1813, he visited Gen. Tupper, at Fort McArthur, iu Logan County, and while there, about 10 o'clock one night, when sitting by the fire in company with the General and several other oflicers, some one fired a pistol through a hole in the wall of the hut; and shot Black Hoof in the face, the ball entering the check, glanced against the bone and finally lodged in his neck; he fell, and for some time was supposed to be dead, but re- vived, and afterward recovered from this severe wound. The would-be assassin was not discovered, but no doubt was entertained that it was a white man. Black Hoof was op- posed to polygamj', and to the burning of prisoners. He is reported to have lived forty years with one wife, and to have reared a numerous family of children, who both loved and esteemed him. In stature ho wss small being not more than five feet eight inches in height." * He died at Wapagh-ko-netta in 1832, just before the removal of his tribe. His skull is now in the possession of a j)hvsi- ciaii at New Paris, ()., and was exhibited at the recent Centennial celebration of his fight with Clarke's forces, on August 8, 1780, near Springfield. \Vcyii|)i('rsenwah or Blue .Jacket, as he was known to the whites, was a valiant chieftain of the Shawanoe tribe and had his residence in Logan County for a long time. He was *l)nike's Tccuiriscli. second only to Black Hoof in influence, being at the head of the Shawanoe contingent in the fight with Harmer in 1790, and in full control of the allied forces in 1794 against Wayne. His voice was continually for war, and precipitated the battle of the Fallen Tim- ber by his headlong eloquence and earnest- ness against the more prudent counsels of the other chiefs. After this defeat Blue Jacket concurred in the expediency of suing for peace, but at the solicitation of the Brit- ish emissaries delayed proceedings some time. Like other great leaders of his people he saw the land of his fathers passing out of their hands, and every sentiment of patriotism and aff"ection urged him on to relentless war so long as there seemed a possibility of with- standing the encroachment of the whites. He was soon convinced that the representations of the British were only made for their own benefit, and dismissing them gave in his ad- hesion to the Americans and remained stead- fast to the Treaty of Greenville, where he rep- resented his nation jointly with Black Hoof. His wife at one time was a white woman by the name of Margaret Moore. She was carried away from Virginia when a child nine years old, and Wvd with the Indians until maturity, when she became the consort of Blue Jacket. By him she had a son whom she called Joseph. In the general surrender of prisoners that fol- lowed the close of the English and French war, she paid a visit to her Virginia friends, but when she desired to return to her husband, whom she sincerely loved, her white friends refused to let her return. A daughter (after- ward Mrs. Mary Stewart) was born to her while in Virginia, who grew up, married and after- ward settled in Logan ('ount\'. The son made a visit to his mother after she had ac- companied her son-in-law to Ohio. He was a thorough-bred Indian so far as habits were concerned, and was never heard of afterward. Mrs. Ptcu.TPt hail fcnir children, but they a'-, HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 215 never married and Blue Jacket's race has be- come extinct in Logan County. Tecumseh, whose history is better known than any of his illustrious predecessors, began his career as chief in the summer of 1795. The Treaty of Greenville, forced upon the leaders of his nation as the only alternative to the extermination of their race, had put an end to forty years of unavailing war. His haughty spirit could not .accept the lesson taught by the experience of his people, and in spite of the pacific influences brought to bear upon him, he engaged in the struggle which received acrushing blow at Tippecanoe, and ended with his death at the battle of the Thames. He was a fine orator, and the chief speaker for the hostile Indians. "His manner when speaking, was animated, fluent and rapid," im]>ressing his auditors with the high order of his moral and intellectual character. In his orations, it is said, he indulged in such lofty flights of rhetoric, that the celebrated interpreter, Dechauset, found it difficult to translate them, though he was as well acquainted with the Shawanoe tongue as with his own. Spemica Lawba, " High Horn," or Captain Logan, as the whites named him, was a son of the celebrated Shawanoe chief, Moluntha, and was captured by the whites when a lad of sixteen years, at the burning of the Mack- achack towns. He was taken to Kentucky where General Logan, being so well pleased with him, took him into his own family, in which he resided for some years. He was finally allowed to return, and later arose to the dignity of civil chief, through his many estimable, intellectual and moral qualities. He was known to the whites after his sojourn in Kentucky by the name of Logan, to which the title of Captain was afterwards attached. Lo^an was an unwavering friend of the whites, and lost his life in their service in the fall of 1813. Under orders from General Harrison, Logan took a party of his tribe in November of that year, and set out to reconnoitre the country towards the Maumee Rapids. He fell in with a party of the enemy, and barely escaped with two or three of his companions. A thoughtless ofiicer expressed some doubt as to his loyalty, which so stung Logan's sense of honor that he organized an enterprise of his own to vindi- cate his fair fame. He took with him Captain Johnny and Bright Horn, and set out in quest of adventure. Thej' were suddenly suprised by a party of seven hostile Indians, but pretending to be deserters, and ingra- tiating themselves into the confidence of their captors, until a favorite opportunity present- ing, they arose upon their unsuspecting companions, and slew five of the seven, one of them being the celebrated Pottawatomie Chief, Winnemac. This was not accomplished without some damage to the attacking party, and Bright Horn and Logan reached camp badly wounded, the latter dying soon after reaching camp. The biographer of Tecumseh speaking of the exploit says: "It would, perhaps, be difiicult in the history of savage warfare, to point out an enterprise, the execu- tion of which reflects higher credit upon the address and and daring conduct of its authors, than this does upon Logan and his two com- panions. Indeed, a spirit even less indomita- ble, a sense of honor less acute, and a patriotic devotion to a good cause less active, than were manifested by this gallant chieftain of the woods, might, under other circumstan- ces, have well conferred immortality upon his name. Logan left a dying request that his two sons should be sent to Kentucky and there educated and brought up under the care of Maj. Hardin. When peace was restored Col. Johnston made efforts to carry out this desire of the deceased chief, but was thwarted by the unwillingness of the chief of the -Ols- 4i 216 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. nation and the children's mother. They fiiiallv allowed them to be taken to Piqua, where they were put to school and boarded in a relig'ious family, but the mother of the boys, who was a bad woman, interfered with this plan, taking the boys away frequently for weeks, and on one or two occasions get- ting them intoxicated at their schoolhouse. Slu! finally took them to Wapagh-ko-netta, and raised them among her own people, from whence they emigrated to the west with the Shawanoe nation in 183"2.* Captain John, whose Indian name has not been perpetuated, was a well known chief of the Shawanoese nation, and was a frequent visitor to the early settlements of Logan County. He was one of the party with Lo- gan in the exploit just noted, and was the only one not wounded in the action. He was over six feet in height, strong and active, and was noted among the white hardly less for his happy faculty of merry making than for his bravery. Judge William Patrick, in his reminiscences, speaks of him as the merry and facetious Capt. Johnny; but there was a side to his character that was less lamb-like. Capt. John McDonald relates, that one day in the autumn of 1779, while out trapping by himself he met a trader and a half-breed near his trapping grounds, and whiskey beino- supplied, the two Indians got into a serious quarrel ; they were separated by the trader, but they made arrangements to fight the next morning. " They stuck a post on the south side of a log, made a notch in the log, and agreed that when the shadow of the post came into the notch, the fight should com- mence. When the shadow of the post drew neat the spot, they deliberately, and in gloomy silence, took their stations on the log. At length the shadow of the post came into the notch, and these two desperadoes, thirst- ing for each others' blood, simultaneously •Howe's liisloricftl collection. sprang to their feet, with each a toma- hawk in the right hand, and a scalping knife in the left, and flew at each other with the fury of tigers." After a terrible strug- gle of a few minutes' duration the tomahawk of John fell upon the head of his antagonist, killing him instantly. About 1800, while out with a hunting party in the Scioto valley, he had some difficulty with his wife and they agreed to separate. After dividing the pro- perty, the wife insisted upon keeping their only child, a boy two or three j-cars old. "The wife laid hold of the child, and John attempted to wrest it from her; at length •John's j)assion was roused to a fury, he drew his fist, knocked down his wife, seized the child, and carrying it to a log, cut it into two parts, and throwing one half to his wife, bade her take it, but never again to show her face, or he would treat her in the same manner." This brutal behavior was never punished or apparently heeded by his campanions and he went scot-free from both offences. After the general pacification he was a general favorite among the settlers, and seems never to have lapsed into such savage brutality afterward. Such is the record — imperfectly given — of one of the most powerful and war-like tribes of Ohio. Among its leaders were numbered some of the abli'St warriors and most brilliant intellects the Indian race has produced. Quick to fathom the policy of the whites and read in its success the doom of the red man, they be- came the most uncompromising foes of the whites, and at last, accepted peace as the only means of deferring the day of their extermina- tion. The tide of civilization has at last swept them away, leaving behind no monu- ment to mark the site of their former great- ness. But their traditions still possess the land and it is still the privilege of the snjxTior race to do justice to the memory of a]ieoj)le whose crowning crime was an ardent devotion to kin and country. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 217 The religious denominations of Bellefon- taine occupy an important place in its history, and hence we devote considerable space to their notice. It has been rather difficult to obtain a full and complete sketch of all the churches, but no pains have been spared to collect all the facts attainable. The oldest church organization in the city, perhaps, is that of the Methodist Episcopal, which is the pioneer church in many portions of the Western country. The itinerant minis- ters of this denomination were usually the first on the frontiers and often found in the wigwam of the savage before he was pressed back by his white neighbors. Methodist churches were built in the vicinity of Belle- fontaine very early. The first regularly or- ganized church was about the year 1819, but meetings had long been held in the pioneers' cabins, and in other convenient places. The first meeting looking to the establishing of a church here was held at Belleville, the first capital of the county, and the organization ex- ercises conducted by Rev. John Strange, in the house of Samuel Carter. The first church edifice was built in 1833, in the town of Belle- fontaine, and Rev. John' Strange, alluded to above, was appointed and regularly installed its first pastor. It prospered for a number of years, when certain dilferences caused a divis- ion, which,'however, were finally and amicably adjusted in 1858. "During the separation,' says a published record, "the church was known as the First Charge Methodist Episco- pal Church, and the Second Charge Methodist Episcopal Church. On the 17th of April, 1858, a committee from each division was appointed to meet at the Mayor's office, at Bellefontaine, to agree to a proposition from the First to the Second Charge Church, whereby a Christian and brotherly union should be re-established. The committee from the First Charge consis- ted of N. Z. McCoUoch, Isaac S. Gardiner, and William Lawrence; that of the Second Charge, of Anson Brown, H. B. Lust and J. M. Kelley, all gentlemen prominently connect- ed with the church, and of high social standing in the community. The result of this meet- ing was of the most flattering nature. It was agreed that the United Church shall con- tinue as one, without reference to the past, and as though no former division had ex- isted. The document was signed by the six gentlemen above mentioned, and also by F. Marriott and O. Kennedy ,'the Pastors of the resjiective churches. The church, as thus reunited, has continued its labors in perfect harmony, and the greatest success has crowned the efforts of those whose duty it has been to conduct the religious services of it." The church at present has an elegant brick build- ing on North Main street, large and commo- dious, and imposing in appearance. The membership is large, and both church and Sabbath school are in a flourishing state. Rev Mr. Kennedy is at present the Pastor of the Church. The following history of the First Presby- terian Church of Bellefontaine was prepared by the Pastor, Rev. G. L. Kalb, and read by him at the celebration of the fiftieth anniver- sary of its organization, on the 19th of Octo- ber, 1878: " We know of this church's birth from the testimony of its first Pastor, Rev. Joseph Stevenson, that it was in 1828, and that there were thirty original members. As the early records of the church are lost, and as the minutes of the Presbytery contain nothing definite on the subject, we do not know the month and day of our separate organization. Mr. Stevenson came to Bellefontaine in May, 1825, for this work. September 24, 1824, in the house of Thomas Scott, a committee of the Presbytery of Columbus, consisting of Rev. James Robinson and Robert B. Dob- bins, organized the church of Cherokee Run, now Huntsville. The June preceeding,- Mr. ^f 218 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Robinson had been appointed by the Presby- tery to eight days' mission work in Union, Champaign and Logan Counties. At its meeting in October, 18^4, the Presbytery rec- ognized this newly formed church, and called it the 'Church of Logan.' In January, 1825, Presbytery granted leave to this church to prosecute a call before the Presbytery of Washington for a portion of the ministerial labors of Rev. Joseph Stevenson, a member of that Presbytorj-. Accordingly, Mr. Ste- venson removed to this place, and took charge of the work in this vicinity. There were four congregations with but one session, viz: Cher- okee, Bellcfontiiine, Stonj^ Creek (now Spring Hill) and West Libert}\ Mr. Stevenson was received into the Presbytery of Columbus .January 3, 1820, and it was 'resolved that Mr. Stevenson be installed Pastor of the con- gregation at^BoUefontaine on the first Tues- daj' of April next.' The Presbytery met at Belli'fontaine, April 5, 182G, and, after ratify- ing an arrangement between the four congre- gations already named, divided Mr. Steven- son's labors erpiitably among thorn, and pro- vided for the goverimic-nt of tiieni by two sessions. It then installed Mr. Stevenson over tlie united charge as Pastor. A year from this time, the congregation at Bellefun- taini! hail grown so, in imjiortance at least, tliat Presliytery directed Mr. Stevenson to devote to it one-half of his time. Hence, while practically this clmrch began its cvistence in the spring of 1825, it was not separately or- ganized until 1828; and we infer that this tfiok ]>lacc in the fall, from the fact that the first notice of its separate organization is in a minute of the session of Stony Creek, dated June 24, 1829. " Mr. Stevenson had been Pastor of the church of ' Three Ridges,' Washington Pres- bytery, for seventeen j'oars prior to his re- niovul to this place, and he continued in charge of this church ancl Cherokee Run for nineteen years, or till the spring of 1844. In the fall of 1840, Rev. R. II. Hollyday came to assist him in his work, and continued in this relation for six mouths, when West Liberty was separately organized, and he became pas- tor of it and Stony Creek. Mr. Stevenson continued to reside at this place after he gave up the charge of the church, and, nearly twenty years after, he ended a holy and beau- ful life by a peaceful death, February 24, 1SG5, aged 80 voars, less a month and a day. Of the growth of this church under him, only two notes are found: A revival in 18.31 added fourteen to the church, and in 1833 the number of communicants was ninety-one. " The next stated minister of the church was the Rev. George A. Gregg. He removed here in April, 1845, and had been supplying the church for some time previous. Ho died of small-pox in February, 1854, while still Pastor. No record of his work here has been foimd, but he is remembered for his faithful- ness and self-denying labors. After him, Rev. W. H. Babbitt, now of Glendale, Ohio, supplied the pul])it for six weeks in March ; and April, 1854; but the next settled minister was the Rev. E. B. RalTensperger, who began his ministry here in October, 1854, and con- tinued till June, 1859. Three things may be said of his pastorate: 1. He was the first Pastor who gave his whole time to this church. 2. A division had occurred in the church under Father Stevenson, and a second church had been formed, which had for Pastors suc- cessive!}'. Revs. J. A. Mecks, J. L. Belleville and J. L. Polk. The ])racti<'al healing of this breach occurred under Mr. Ralfcnsperger, many of the members of the now dissolved second church coming back to the first under his ministry. 3. Extensive revivals occurred under his ministry, and many were added to the church. With no long interval. Rev. Geo. P. Bergen took charge of the church. Ho closed his ministry hero the first Sabbath of June, ^ >^. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 219 18G3. The years between these dates were years of great political excitement; neverthe- less, the church had a steady growth under his ministry. " On the last Sabbath of Julj^ 18G3, the present Pastor preached his first sermon here, on the invitation of the session. After preach- ing five Sabbaths, he was invited to supply the j)ulpit for six montiis from the 1st of Sep- tember. On the first Monday in March, IStid, a call was made out for his services as Pastor, acting on which the Presbytery of Sidney in- stalled him in April. " This church has belonged to four Presby- teries, viz.: Columbus ; Miami, to which it was transferred in April, 1829; Sidney, from the organization of the same, and Bellefon- taine, by act of the Synod of Toledo, recon- structing the Presbyteries. The church has built three houses of worship, all of brick, and the second church dviring its existence built one of wood. "Hitherto hath the Lord helped us! May His mercy be larger still to this church, that in 1938 our posterity may, in celebrating the centenary of the church, have cause to look back on our day as the day of small things."* Referring to the church buildings of this denomination, the one at present occupied was commenced in 18G8, and was dedicated in January, 1874. It is a handsome brick of modern architecture, forty-three by eighty f(!et in dimensions, and cost about $30,000. The church at present has 275 members, and maintains a flourishing Sunday School. The United Presbyterian Church of Bcllc- fontaine, the result of a union of the Asso- ciate and Associate Reformed congregations, is supposed to have been originallj' organized *We find the following" note appended to the history of this church as spread upon the church records : — [Ed. " Since the forcKoinjj: was recordi'd. the first book of records has strange- ly turned up. from wliich it appears that tiie resolution to orKanize Bellefontaine church was adopted Dee. 25, 1S27; tliree elders were elected February 11,1828: they were ordain- ed and installed March 11, 1S28, and a separate enrollment of members for Belief- -nt.'iine, and the completion of its separate existence were effected August 9, 1S28." about the year 1831, by Rev. John Reynolds, though the early history of the church here is involved in some obscurity. From a his- tory of the congregation written by Rev. John Williamson, and published in the "His- tory of the United Presbyterian Presbytery of Sidney, and the Congregations," we gather most of the facts pertaining to its history. To trace the history of the two branches of the church which formed the United Presby- terian Church of Bellefontaine would take up more space than we can devote to it in this volume. We shall, therefore, give the main facts as briefly as possible. From the sketch of Mr. Williamson, al- luded to above, we find that Rev. James N. Gamble was installed Pastor of the Associate Reformed Congregation on the 10th of Sep- tember, 1833, and that the congregation at that time numbered fifty-two members. Mr. Gam- ble, it appears, remained Pastor of the church until his death, which occurred on the 19th of December, 18-12, though for some time previous he was not able to perform much ministeria' labor. Says Mr. Williamson: "His name is still remembered by many who knew him, and by some who enjoyed and appreciated his labors. To him, more largely than to any other man, the Associate Re- formed Church of Bellefontaine is indebted for its existence and influence." From the death of Mr. Gamble until the Rev. Samuel Wallace was installed Pastor, June 25, 1850, the congregation seems to have been without a settled minister. About the same time the Associate Reformed Congregation was joined, an Associate Congre- gation was formed in Bellefontaine, by Rev. Samuel Wilson, D. D., but was afterward incorporated with the Associate Congregation of Cherokee. " The Associate Congregation," says Mr. Williamson, " that was in Belle- fontaine in 1858, and which entered into the union forming the United Presbyterian jil >?-. 220 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Congregation of Bellefontaine, was organized ))yRev. James Wallace, November 17, 1853." llev. Joseph McHatton, Pastor of the Asso- ciate Kefonned Congregation at tlie time of the union, remained Pastor of the United Presbyterian Congregation until the 12th of April, 1859. He subsequently settled near Oxford, Ohio, where he remained until 1874-5. The congregation remained without a Pastor after Mr. McHutton left it until 18G2, when Kev. W. II. JellVrs assimied charge, and re- mained until 18(;5. The next Pastor was Rev. John Williamson, who is still in charge. He was ordained and installed on the 3d Tuesday in April, 1807, by the Presbytery of Sidney. They still worship in their original building, though considerable money has been spent on it in repairs, rendering it a comfort- able edifice. It is in a flourishing condition, and has a large regular attendance. The Roman Catholic Church was organized in Bellefontaine in 1853. One of the first ministers of this Church who held services in the town, was Father Grogan, of Urbana, and used to conduct church at the houses of Cath- olic families long before the organization of a church society. Upon the organization of the Soi'iety, Rev. Father Thomas Sheahan was in- stalled Pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. J. F. McSweeney, and ho by Rev. John Coveny, who served until November, 1809, when, as will bo remembered, he was assassinated. Father Young was the next Pastor, and com- menced his labors December, 18G9. The j)resent Pastor is Father Bourion, who as- sumed charge of the church in 1878. The church has a handsome brick building in the southeast part of town, and has a large mem- bership, together with a good Sunday school. The First Christian Church of Bellefon- taine* was organized on the 23d day of May, 1808. The same year the society built a hall •The fapl« for this iikctcb were fUmUhed by H. C. Moort-, Clerk of ihc church. on the second floor of a building on the north side of West Columbus street, which was dedicated to worship March 14, 1809. In May, 1870, the society sold the hall, and bought the old brick church, which stood on North Main street, of the Presbyterian Con- gregation for Sil,0OO, and which it still owns, but is now rented to the Reformed Presbyte- rian congregation. The Pastors of the Chris- tian Church were Revs. A. F. Abbot, T. A. Brandon, and William I. Lawrence ; the total membership was sixt}', but, owing to death and removals, it is now reduced to twenty. Sal)l)ath school was organized in the Spring of 1809, and continued until May, 1878, when preaching was suspended. The Superintendents were O. Hayes, H. C. Moore, H. T. Raymond, J. W. Harrington, and Wil- liam I. Lawrence. The society has been without a Pastor since 1878. The Baptist Church, of Bellefontaine, was organized in 1845 bj- the Rev. .Tames French, and about 1852, tlie church built a house of worship. At the time the church was built, Rev. Mr. Roney was Pastor. He was a zealous preacher and an exemplary Christian, and dis- played wonderful energy during the building of their temple of worship, performing the work of a regular hand. Rev. A. J. Wyaiit, at present Pastor of the Baptist Church of Mt. Giload, Ohio, was at one time connected with this church. Rev. W. H. Stringer was another of the efficient Pastors, and an able minister. An Episcopal Church was organized in 1856, and after two years became extinct, but in 1874 was again organized under Rev. A. B. Nicholas. Meetings were held in the hall over the engine house for a time. At present, we are informed, the church is without a Pas- tor. The English Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized in the old courthouse in 1849, by Rev. J, P. Bickley. Rev. J. W. Goodwin -^ •V HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 221 succeeded Mr. Bickley. The church has had several Pastors since that time. The congre- gation is at present building a new temple of worship, and when completed, will be one of the finest church edifices in the cit3\ The church is in a flourishing condition, and num- bers among its membership some of the most prominent citizens of Bellefontaine. There are, in addition to the churches men- tioned above, two colored church organiza- tions in the town, viz: The African Metho- dist Episcopal Church and Colored Baptist Church, but we have been unable to obtain any particulars in regard to them. The meager notice of some other of the churches of Bellefontaine results from our inability to obtain the facts. Application was made to the different Pastors for sketches of their respective churches, but some failed to re- spond, and we were forced to get what infor- mation w^e could from other sources. Is IlISTOUY OF LOGAX COUNTY. a'-, t\k.M^ l^//.>toaitB;V » (Uii»:hbT^i :iS2SS!SF^J 1 will J -^ a HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 223 CHAPTER III. THE MIAAri A\D JIAD RIVER V VLLEYS— IXCEXTIVES TO IMMIGRATIOX— THE COURSE OF EM- PIRE—SETTLEMENTS WITHIN THE LIMITS OF LOGAN COUNTV— ORGANIZATION OF CIVIL DIVISIONS— INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENTAL FUNC- TIONS—PUBLIC BUILDINGS— POLITICAL. TO the early colonist, Ohio was the land of promise. The reports of the early ex- plorers who had been sent to spy out the land were such as to stimulate the rapacilj" of greedy adventurers to the highest pitch, and Ohio became at once the center of attra('tion, not only to that class, but also to the pioneer settlements of the east. The spirit of land speculation was fostered by the system of royal charters and favoritism, and colonial officials were rapidly acquiring titles to large tracts of the fertile lands of the northwest. George Washington, it is said, owned 50,000 acres in Ohio, and Lord Dunmore, who repre- sented the crown in Virginia, had made ar- rangements to secure a large portion of this territory, which were only frustrated by the precipitation of the revolutionary struggle. In all these operations the rights or interests of the Indians were ignored. Might was the measure of the white man's right, and in the face of formal treaties very favorable to the whites, the lands reserved to the natives were shamelessly bought and sold. Titles thus secured were obviously of no value if the in- tegrity of solemn treaties were to be respected, but so generally had the public mind been corrupted by the greed for gain, that this con- sideration offered no hindrance whatever to this sort of traffic in land titles. It could hardly be expected that a policy so shame- lessly pursued and openly avowed would long escape the jealous observation of the Indians, whose very existence was thus threatened. It was not long before any such illusion that may have existed, was cruelly dispelled by the terrible war that was opened all along the frontier. The savages sought to make the Ohio river the boundary of the whit3 settle- ments, and for years delayed the advance of immigration. The story of this struggle, with all its attending barbarities, is an oft told tale. The line of settlements firmly established along the Ohio from Pittsburg to the Falls began to advance, and with every step slowly but surely pressed back the In- dian race to extinction. The main lines of this advance were up the vallej-s of the Mus- kingum and Miami Kivers, forcing the sav- ages into the northwestern corner of the State, where on the headwaters of the Miamis, the Maumee and the Scioto they ma;le their last desperate struggle for their " altars and their fires." In this dernier ressort the Shaw- anoes, the head and front of the Indian oppo- sition, dwelt on the Mad river and in the ad- jacent valley of the Miami. Against the villages of this nation were projected most of the expeditions that made up the miiitar}' op- rations of the whites for some forty years. Through these expeditions, made up princi- pally of volunteers from the frontier settle- ments of Virginia and Kentucky, the knowl- edge of these valleys, abounding in magnifi- cent situations and teeming with prodigal abundance, became wide-spread, and gave rise to a flood of immigration that was only held in check by the savage vigilance of the lords of this land. But the "anointed ciiil- dren of education proved too powerful for the 224 HISTOUY OF LOGAN COUXTY. tribes of the ignorant," and in 1T05 the In- dians signed away tlieir birth-right. The pacification of the Indians and their settlement upon well-defined reservations at once removed the only barrier to the tide of immigration that was pressing up the valleys toward this Indian paradise. Seventeen days after the treaty of Wayne, arrangements were made for two settlements on the Mad river, and before the close of the following year there were the requisite 5,000 inhabitants in the " Northwest," which entitled it to repre- sentation in the National Congress. In 1803 the people under the enabling of Congress took necessary steps for organizing a State Government, and on February 19, 1803,* the State of Ohio was admitted into the Union. The counties formed at the birth of the State, and recognized in the Constitution, were Washington, Hamilton, Adams, Jeflferson, Ross, Clermont, Fairfield, Trumbull and Bel- mont. This was Ohio in the early part of 1S03. One of the first acts of the first Legis- lure. however, was the erection of seven new counties — Gallia, Scioto, Geauga, Butler, * Tlicrc lins been considcrfiblo discrepancy in the dates assigned by different writers, as ihe one on wliich Ohio was admilted tollie Union. Seven early publica- tions give seven different dates, varying from April 28, 1802, to March 2, IK):!. In the annual report of the Secretary of State for 1879, President I. W. Andrews, of Marietta College, very satisfactorily points out Ihe errors in these dates, and settles the question in favor of the date in Ihe text. After disposing of all but two dales, the article continues as follows: ••The question of dale of admission in Ihe case of Ohio is between November 29, 1802, and February 19, 1803. The first is Ihe day of adjournment of the Con- vention Ibat formed the Constitution, and Ihe second is the day when wag passed Ihe first act of Congress in any way recognizing the .Stale. In the case of every other .State, Congress has either passed a distinct and definite net of admission, dating from Ihe day of enact- ment or from n future day n.-imed, or has provided for an iiilniission on the insue of a proclamation by the I'ri'iiJent. Ohio, then, forms a case by itself, bclong- Warren, Green and Montgomery. The growth of the State during this period was very raj)id, and two years later Champaign County was formed, including the territory now embraced by Clark, Logan and the pres- ent county of Champaign. In this year Urbana was laid out, and began to grow rap- idly in importance. The " Mad River coun- try " attracted the deepest interest every- where. Those already on the ground wrote to their friends representing the valley as a "land flowing with milk and honey," and it was facetiously declared that "roasted pigs were running at largo, with knives and forks stuck in their backs, squealing out ' come and eat.' " It was hardly necessary to stimulate immigration with such stories, where the spirit of emigration seemed to have been born in the pioneers of Kentucky and Virginia. The result was a general " exodus " to this jiew land of ])li>nty, that threatened to depojiu- late some of the older settlements. From one settlement in Trumbull County, not less than thirty families sacrificed their improve- ments and came to this section. This influ.v ing to neither of these classes." After discussing the proposition thus laid down, lie concludes as follows : " In view of all the facts, wo seem shut up to the conclusion that Ihe State of Ohio wasnot admitteil into the Union on the 29th day of November, 1802, when the Constitution was formed, but on the 19lh of Feb- ruary, 1803, when Ohio was first recognized as a Slate bv Congress. It is proper to slate, also, that a few months since I made inquiry at the State Department, at Washington, and received Ihe following memoran- dum : ' Enabling act of Congress for formation of the State of Ohio, was approved April 30, 1802. See Stat- utes at Large, Vol. 2, p. 43. An act to provide for the due execution of Ihe laws of the United Slates, within the State of Ohio, was approved February 19, 1803. l(y this act Ohio was admitted to the Union. Statutes at Large, Vol. 2, p. 201.' We may infer, then, that the Department of Stale of the General Government rec- ognizes the lUtli of February, 1803, as the date of the admission of Ohio into the Union." \^\. r- v J^ c^ A) . <5^/0 ^J'^J^-^o HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. !k>. of immiirration did much for the lower part of the Mad River valley, but the breaking out of hostilities among the Indians prevented its reaching tiie country now included in the lim- its of Logan county, and it was not until the general pacification at the end of the war of 1812, that this county felt the influence of this tide of civilizatifjn. Preceding this influx of permanent settle- ment, however, was a class of pioneers which is found only where the Indian erected his wigwam, and for the last time and made his last struggle for his lands. This class was the connecting link between the supremacy of the Indians and permanent settlement of the white — the adopted white children of the In- dian tribes. Of these none gained such infa- mous notoriety as that " hateful brood," Mc- Kee, Elliot and the Gertys. To the vindic- tive, remorseless butchery of tiie untutored savage, they brought a fiendish malignity, a cowardly, brutal insolence, that "out-Herods Herod," and only comes when the last drop of the milk of human kindness turns to gall. Logan county was, unfortunately, too often the scene of their operations. Alexander Mc- Kee was, perhaps, the least ofi"ensive and the least known of the three. He was early iden- tified with the British interests, and had served as an agent for the authorities at De- troit among the Indians. Coming into the hands of the Americans, he had been permit- ted to go at large upon parole. Early in 1778, he escaped from the lines at Fort Pitt, and in company with a ::umber of deserters made his waj' to Detroit, where he was again given service in connection with the Indians. Being of a thrifty turn of mind, he united with his character of "agent" the business of trader, and for some time about two miles out of the Indian town Wapatomica, in the southern part of the county. He was quite influential with the Shawanoes, attended their councils, and exhibited the most malig- nant hatred toward the colonial captives that were brought within the sphere of his influ- ence. He wore the gold-laced uniform of the British service, and lost no opportunity to thwart any movement among the Indians for peace, in the interest of his employers. He was present at the difi'erent important battles between the Indians and the forces sent against them by the colonies, but always at a convenient distance from danger. Matthew Elliot was an Irishman. "At the commencement of the Revolution he lived in Path Valley, Pennsj'lvania. A number of tories resided in his township, among whom Elliot was a leader. But, as hostilities in- creased, the place became too warm for him, as a larse portion of the population was Whi«-s. Elliot fled to the West, where he was well known as an Indian trader. On the 12th of November, 1776, he made his appear- ance in one of the missionary establishments of the Moravians, upon the Muskingum, with a number of horse-loads of merchandise, a female Indian companit n, and a hired man, on his way to the Sliawanoese towns upon the Scioto. Elliot left the next day, but was fol- lowed by a party of six warriors from San- dusky, and made prisoner, his goods being distributed among the Indians. He would have been murdered but for the interposition of some Christian Indians who had followed the warriors, purposely to intercede for him. " Elliot was taken to Detroit, where he soon succeeded in convincing the commandant out of his Tory proclivities, who gave him a com- mission as captain, and sent him back to Pittsburg as a spy. He remained some time, and finally in company with McKee and a number of deserters, fled to the Indian country, and as an officer of the Indian De- partment, at Detroit, he served during the Revolution, vibrating between that post and the country of the Ohio Indians, as his service seemed to be needed. In 1782, he was in full ^ s- ^p 'A 228 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. command of the allied Indians, assembled to resist the march of Crawford's expedition, and it is said on good authority, was present at the burninn; of that gallant soldier. "At the close of the war, we find him at Detroit; and on the 9th of November, 1785, Hamilton, who was that year governor of Canada, issued an order that no one sliould disturb him in possession of a lot near the dockyard by the water side, without produc- ing titles. "When the Indian war of the Northwest was renewed in 1700, Elliot, who was married to a squaw, took sides with the savages. He was present at St. Clairs de- feat, but kejit himself at a respectable distance from danger. He was owner at this time, in conjunction with McKeo, of a considerable tract of land cleared ready for cultivation, on which were several houses on the east, or Canada side, of the Detroit river, just above its mouth. " He took part in the last war with Great Britain on the side of the English, holding a Colonel's commission. He was then .an old man, and his hair was very white. He had much of the savairo look, notwithstaiuling his ago. Ho probably died soon after in Canada, holding at the time the position of agent of Indian affairs by appointment from the British government. Elliot was an uncle, by his father's side, to Commodore Elliot, of the United States navy, and had a son killed on the Maumee, in the war of 181-.2.''* Of the Girly brothers, there is no lack of record upon the pages of tlie history of the pioneer times in Ohio. Tlio foremost of these in all villainy, Simon, was born in northwestern Penny si vania. His father was an Irishman, and a beastly, intemperate man. "His sottish- ness (the (piotation is from the same authority cited above) turned his wife's affections. Heady for seduction, she yielded her lieart to a ni'ighboring rustic, who, to remove all • IlullirlliM's " Crawford's Campnltm" obstacles to their wishes, knocked Girty on the head, and bore off the trophy of his jjrowess. There were four children at the time of the father's death — Thomas, Simon, George and .lames. During the Old French AVar, the three latter were taken prisoners by the Indians. Simon was adopted by the Senecas, and became an expert hunter. His Indian name was Katepacomen. It must be passed to his credit that his early training as a savage was compulsory, not voluntary, as has generally been supposed. Ilis tribe roam- ed the wilderness northwest of the Ohio; and when the expedition under Colonel Bouq.uet, at the close of Pontiac's war in 1704, marched into the western wilderness to punish the Ohio Indians, one of the hostages delivered to that commander by the latter was Girty. He escaped, however, soon after, and returned to savage life. But as one of the conditions of peace was the yielding up bj' the Senecas of all captives willing or unwilling, Girty was compelled to return to the settlements, making his home in the vicinity of Pitts- burg. "Girty took part in Dunmore's war in 1774, on the side of Mrginia, during which time he was the bosom friend and companion of Simon Kenton. He was intimately acquainted with Col. Crawford. On the "'^nd of Februarv, 1775, he was commissioned an oiHcer of the militia at Pittsburg, taking the test and other necessary oaths upon that occasion. He as- pired to a captaincy in the regular army, but in this was disa])pointed, which, it seems, was the reason of his deserting to the enemy, early in the year 1778. It is probable, however, that his early education among the Senecas had much to do with his desire and resolution again to return to the wilderness. " The greatest consternation was produced at Pittsburg when the event became known, as with him went a squad of twelve soldiers and the n became a houseliold terror all along the border from Pittsburg to the Falls of the Ohio. With it was associated everything cruel and fiendish. To the women and chiidn n in particxdar, n apparent. He was ab- horred by all his neighliors. In the war of 181;i, Girty, being then nearly blind, was incapable of active service. After the cap- ture of the British fleet on Lake Erie, in 1813, and upon the invasion of Canada imme- diately after, he followed the British army on their retreat, leaving his family at home. He fixed his residence at a Mohawk villag-e on Grand River, Canada, until the proclamation of peace, when he returned to his farm below Maiden, where he died in 1818, aged over ;|^ 230 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. seventy years. The last time I saw Girty, •writes William Wallicr, was in the summer of 1813. From my recollection of his person, he was in height five feet six or seven inches; broad across the chest; strong, round, com- pact limbs, and of fair coinplexion. Spencer, a prisoner among the Indians, who saw Girty before he left the Indian countrj', was not favorably impressed with his visage. His dark, shaggy hair; his low forehead; his brows contracted, and meeting above his short, flat nose; his gray, sunken eyes, averting the in- genuous gaze; his lips thin and compressed, and the dark and sinister expression of his countenance, to me seemed the very picture of a villain. "No other country or age ever produced, perhaps, so brutal, depraved, and wicked a wretch as Simon Girty. He was sagacious and brave, but his sagacity and bravery only made him a greater monster of cruelty. All of the vices of civilization seemed to center in him, and by him were ingrafted upon those of the savage state, without the usual redeeming qualities of cither. He moved about through the Indian country during the war of the Revolution and the Indian war which followed, a dark whirhvind of fury, desperation and barbarity. In the refinements of torture inflicted on helpless pris- oners, and in treachery, he stood unrivaled." But one recorded fact stands out in strange contrast with his consistent record of villainy. That occurri'il soon after his desertion to tiie Indian country, and was in connection with Simon Kenton. The latter lived many years, on wiiat is called the Old Sandusky Road, about four miles north of Zanesfield. Here he owned a farm where he died, April 29, 1830, at the age of eighty-one years. His remains, after lying here some years, were removed by a deputation of citizens from Urbana, and buried in the cemetery of that place. Simon Kenton was a native of Culpepper County, Virginia, and in 1771, having serious- ly injured a man in an altercation, fled to Kentucky, making his home at the frontier stations of Boone and Logan. He was then only sixteen years of age, of an active nature, fearing no danger, and of such mental powers as in niatiH-er\'ears to command the confidence and respect of the wisest and ablest of his time. For such a character the " troublous times" on the border afforded abundant opportunities for the full display of his genius, and he was prominent in all the border war- fare' from that time to the general pacification in 1793. His first intimate acquaintance with what is now Logan County, however, was made under rather unpleasant circumstances, which, while only one instance in a long ex- perience of thrilling adventure, is especially appropriate to this chapter on Logan County. It was about the 1st of September, 1778, that in company with Alexander Montgomery and George Clark, K<>nton set out from Boone's station for the purpose of obtaining horses from the hostile Ohio Indians. Their object- was to cautiously approach the Indian village of Chillicothe, situated in what is now Ross Count}', and, picking up a nundjer of the ponies, hurry them off into Kentucky. Their plans succeeded well so far as to reach the vicinity of the town undiscovered, and in finding a fine drove of horses grazing in the prairies. After considerable difficulty they succeeded in securing seven animals, and set off on their return with great speed. On reaching the Ohio river at a point in Brown County, they found that river lashed into a fury by a wind that almost blew a hurricane. The dashing waves, though proving no terror to the intrepid scouts, so frightened the horses that all efforts to get them across failed, and they were obliged to hobble them and wait for the wind to subside. It was not until the following day that matters so mend- ed as to warrant another attempt, but the 4 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 231 horses retained such a vivid remembrance of the fright of the day before that they could not be induced to enter the water. Certain that they were pursued by the savages, they abandoned the attempt to cross, and each selecting one of the best ponies in the collec- tion, mounted and started for the Falls of the Ohio, where there were a few men stationed. No sooner had the rest of the horses been loosed and permitted to stray away at some distance than their greed for gain got the better of their judgment, and they separated to hunt them up again, to take them on their proposed route. Kenton went towards the river, and soon heard a whoop from where they had made the attempt to force the horses in the river. Dismounting and proceeding cautiously to reconnoitre the ground in the direction of the signal, he gained an eminence just in time to meet a party of warriors so near at hand that further concealment was impossible. He at once conceived a desjoerate plan, and, deliberately taking aim, fired at the foremost Indian. His gun flashed in the pan. Ho at once attempted to escape, retreating through a piece of fallen timber which gave him some advantage over his mounted enemies, but their numbers allowed them to surround the spot, and on Kenton's emerging into the open timber he was met by a savage who at once rushed upon him with uplifted tomakawk. Engaged with his assailant in front, Kenton did not hear the approach of the enemy in his rear, and just as he had clubbed his gun for a feaifu! blow at the savage before him, he was seized from behind and over- powered by numbers. He was soon a captive in fetters. Montgomery was soon slain, and his scalp shaken in the face of his captured companion. Clark escajjed in safety to Logan's station. The Indians were delighted at tlie summary vengeance that tiiey had been able to inflict upon the marauders, and set about returning with their captive with the wildest manifesta- tions of fiendish joy. Kenton was tied, Mazep- pa-like, to one of the wildest of their horses, his hands being covered with moccasins to prevent his shielding his face from the brush. The horse, being set free, behaved in the wild- est manner for a time, kicking, rearing and plunging, until wearied out with his futile efforts, he followed the cavalcade as peace- ably as his rider. At Chillicothe he was made to run the gauntlet. Having learned "that if he could break through the lines and reach the Council House he would not be forced to repeat the trial, he made the eifort, and was so far successful as to reach the vicinity of his goal, when he was captured by Indians in the village, and severely treated by the sav- age crowd that had been cheated of their share in the regularly planned amusement. After recovering from his woiuids sufficiently to eat, food was brought to him, after which he was taken to the Council House, where his fate was quickly decided by a large majority voting for his death. " After a long debate, the vote was taken, when it was resolved that the place of his execution should be Wajja- tomica (now Zanesfield, Logan County). The next day he was hurried away to the place destined for his execution. From Chilli- cothe to Wapatomica they had to jjass through two other Indian towns, Pickaway and Mackachack. At both towns he was compelled to run the gauntlet, and severely was he whipped through the course. Noth- ing worse than death could follow, and here ho made a bold push for life and freedom. Being unconfined, he broke and ran, and soon cleared himself out of sight of pursuers. After thus distancing his pursuers, and leav- ing the town some two miles behind, ho acci- dentally fell in with some mounted Indians, who gave chase and drove him back to town."* This occurred at Mackachack, and shortly * Howe's Historical CoHcctions of Ohio. ii^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. afterward lie was removed to his final des- tination. At Wapatoniica the Indians, young and old, crowded around the prisoner, view- ing him with a good deal of cuiious in- terest, as his lame was not unknown among the natives. Among others who came to see him was Simon Girty. Kenton, blacked ac- cording to the custom of Indians in case of one condemned to death, was not readily recognized, and it was not until, at the end of a series of questions, he gave Girty his name as Simon Butler — a name he had forsaken when he fled from Virginia. Girty, who, it wi 1 he remembered, was a companion and friend of Kenton during the Dunmorc war, was greatly overcome by the situation in which he found his friend, and threw him- self into Kenton's arms, weeping aloud. At a council that was immediately convened at the rcijucst of Girt}-, the renegade made a power- ful speech in behalf of his friend, and suc- ceeded in securing a remission of the deatli sentence, and recriving his friend into his own care and custody. Girty's friendship was by no means half- hearted. Taking Kenton to the British trad- ing-post at the vdlage, he provided him with a complete suit of clotiies and a horse and saddle. Kenton was now (rce, riding with liis benefactor from one Indian town to an- other, and it is jirohable, had this treatment continued, he might have cast in his lot jjcr- mat.eiitly with th ! savages. It was not long, however, when a gloomy change came over his prospects. A pirty of savages, returninn- from an unsuccessful foray, liaving suiTercd til ' lo. s of several of tlie.r nuiiib(;r, demanded the sacrifice of Kenton, and a messenger was accordingly sent to Girty, requiring him to attend a couucil at Wapatoniica, bringing his charge with him. The reception of Ken- ton b)' the assembled Indians was ominous. After being seated, the cliief of the defeated party addressed the assembly in a vehement speech, stirring his he.arers with sentiments of summary vengeance to be taken on the most available object. Girty replied, recounting the risks he had run in their service; the fealty with which he had served their cause; the fact that he had never asked them to spare one of their foes before; the nearness of this friend to him, for whom he felt the tenderness of a parent for a son, and final!}' pledged him- self never to ask for the protection of another American. His appeal, however, proved un- availing, and, after a prolonged debate, Ken- ton's deatii was resolved upon by an over- whelming vote of the savages present. Girty, having enlisted in the service of his friend, did not easily yield to defeat, and as a last resort persuaded the Indians to convey their prisoner to Sandusky, wiiere the tribes assemiiled in large numliers to receive their presents from the British Government, that the assembled tribes might witness the solemn sceile of death. To this the Indians assented, and on their way to that point, soon after the party passed through the village where the celebrated Mingo chief, Logan, resided. Here the party were detained a day while Logan dispatched two runners to speak a good word for Kenton. On arriving at Upper Sandusky he was compelled again to run the gauntlet, and brought before a fourth couiifil to be dis- posed of. As soon as this C(3uncil was organ- ized, Peter Druyer. a cajitain in the English service, an inti'ipreter and prominent in the Indian de])artnicnt, and, therefore, a man of great consideration among the savages, asked permission to address the assend)ly. The adroitness of his address, together with a seductive ofler of a liberal allowance of rum and tobacco, readily won their consent to Ki'Ti ton's removal to Detroit, where he was conlinod as jirisoner of war. Ho afterward escaped, and in about the year ISO'-J settled in Urbana. He was elected a B igadior-G(!n- eral of the militia, and in the warol 1812 bore ¥ "^1 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. a conspicuous part under Gen. Harrison. x\bout 18iO, he moved into Logan Co., a few years after wliicli, throuon his sympathies, that he gave them the shoes. At another time, he attempted to cross Lake Erie barefooted on the ice in company with another man. Night overtook them be- fore they had completed the journey, and, in the bitter coldness of the night, his companion froze to death. Johniij', by rolling violently about the ice, kept warm, and in after times appeared none the worse for bis trying adven- ture. In the early part of the war of 1812, he was verj' active in Richland and Knox Counties, carrying the news of approaching danger to the whites settled along the river courses in these counties. He did not seem to have any fear of personal violence to himself, and often in the dfead of night a settler would arouse his neighbors with the announcement that Johnnv Ajipleseed had brought news of the approach of danger. His word was never doubted, and no further confirmation of the tidings was asked. His form of announcing approaching dangers was dramatic in the extreme, and those who remember his solemn utterances speak of the thrill that thoy sent through his aw(>-stricken anilitors. His usual announce- ment was, "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, and he hath anointed me to blow the trumpet in the wilderness, and sound an alarm in the forest; for, behold, the tribes of the heathen are round about your doors, and a devouring flame followeth after them." He was faithful to his trusts, and his word was as good as his bond. Norton, in his History of Knox County, relates that, " in 1819, Isaiah Roberts, then on his way to Missouri, finding no boat at Zanesville ready to start on the trip down the river, footed it to Marietta, and on the road met Johnny Appleseed, who promised to call at his father's in Knox County, and tell him when he paited with him, etc. Shorth' afterward, .lohnny made his appearance one night about dark, and was cheerfully received. He then had on an old tattered coat and slouch hat, with hair and beard uncut and uncombed, and bare- footed. After eating sotne supjicr, he espied a copy of Ballou on the Atonement, which he took and read for some time by candle light, thinking at first it was good Swedenborg doc- trine, and desired to take it with him, but after reading further, and finding the kind of doctrine it inculcated, he threw it down, ex- pressing his disappointment, and, in a few moments after, stretched himself out and went to sleep." It was his custom, when he had been hos- pitably received into some cabin after a weary day's journey, to take his favorite position, stretched out on the floor, and after asking his entertainers if they would hear " some news right fresh from heaven," produce a tattered New Testament and read and ex- pound its pages until, carried away with his earnestness, the settlers looked upon him with reverence due a prophet. About 1830, he left this region and went to the newer portion of the West. " The last time he was in this country," says Norton, '• He took Joseph Mahaft'ey aside, and pointed out to hjm two lots of land at the lower end of Main street. Mount Vernon, west side, about where Morey's soap factory was carried on, which he said belonged to him, and some time he might come back to them. The tail- race of the Clinton Mill Company passed along there, and some of the ground has since been washed away by the water, and upon another portion stands the Mount Vernon Woolen Factory building." In the same ~7C J^ 'k*i 23« HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. work, it is said that tlio Rev. John Mitchell, when traveling on the Plyinouth eircuit in 1837, met .fohnny wendinj^ his way alonir the road on foot and in his shirtsleeves. He told him then he was living " out West." Johnny's mission was to prepare the wilds for the approach of civilization; he was "the voice of one in the wilderness, cryinj;, prepare yc the way." But the accelerated advance of the white settlements began to overtake him. For nearly forty years he had been able, single-handed, lo carry on his self-appointed mission in advance of the "star of empire," but now he found the church and schoolliouse on every hand ; towns were springing up lilce mushroom growths, and the busy hum of vil- lages and the echo of tlie stage-horn warned him that he must make a long stride to the west if he was to lead the advancing hosts. It was with this feeling that lie visited the cabins where he had been a frequent and wel- come guest. With parting words of admoni- tion, mingled with words of oracular prophesy he took his way to the frontier. This was about 1837, and during the succeeding decade he pursued his work on the western borders of Ohio and in Indiana, pushing his journey at times far into the wilds of Illinois and Iowa. "In the summer of 184:7, wlien his labors had literally borne fruit over a hundred thousand 9(pi;ire miles of territorj', at the close of a warm day, after traveling twenty miles, he entered the house of ascttlerin Allen county, Indiana, and was, as usual, warml}' welcomed. He declined to cat with the family, but ac- cepted some bread and milk, wiiieh he partook of sitting on the door-step aiul gazing on the setting sun. Later in the evening, he deliv- ered his " news fresh from heaven," by read- ing the beatitudes. Declining other accom- modation, he slept as usual on the floor, and in the early morning ho was found with his fi-atures all aglow with a supernal ligiit, and his body so near death that his tongue refused its office. The physician avIio was hastiiy summoned pronounced him dying, but added that he had never seen a man in so placid a state at the approach of death. At seventy- two years of age, he ripened into death as naturally and beautifully as the seeds of his own planting had grown into fibre, and bud and blossom, and the matured fruit." So passed awaj^ this self-denying benefactor of his race, whose memory will linger in the hearts of the present generation for years to come, and their children will learn to revere the decaying monuments of his industry, as the memorial of one whoso mind, though seemingly unbalanced, swayed to the brighter side of human nature. Mr. Joshua Antrim is authority for the statement that " the first white settler in Logan County was Job Sharp." He was born in New Jersey and went early in life to Virginia, where the fame of the Mad River vallev induced him again to strike his tent and seek fairer fields. He arrived in what is now Zane Township on December 23, 1801, with his wife, three children and his brother- in-law, Carlisle Haines. Here, in midwinter, surrounded by all the circumstances of savage life, unaided and alone, they reared their " three-faced camp." They were Quakers, and nature seemed to respond to their peace- ful sentiments by revealing her stores unsolic- ited. On the very day of their arrival, a thin coating of snow revealed, by the dead bees on its surface, the presence of four large trees stored with honey. AVith the character- istic viijor and prudence of this sect, Mr. Sharp, in the following spring, sat out the first apple orchard, containing about four acres, the remains of which are still pointed out. A pear trei-, standing by the door of the house, sprang from the riding switch which Mrs. Sharp brought from Chillieothe. " Here, too," saj-s Mr. Antrim, "in 1805, was built the first grist-mill. It was run by the water M! [. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 239 that came iVom two fine springs on the premises, which were united near the head- o-ate, the traces of the ditch still being visi- ble. Thovigh built simply lor the use of the family, the mill soon attracted custom from a long distance about, and was kept busy serv- ing the public of that day. Here, too, the first respectable hewed log house was erected in 1S08. It had a shingle roof, two stories — three rooms and a cellar below, and two bed- rooms above, and is still doing service. The first roof, it is said, was put on with wooden pins, and the lumber was all sawed with a whip-saw. During the four years succeeding Mr. Sharp's advent, a number of his relatives and acquaintances settled about, him, and, most of them being Quakers, in 1807 built a meeting-house." In this community the first birth was in 1804, a son, David, to Thomas and Esther Antrim. During this period a sparse population spread pretty generally over the county, the location of the cabin being influenced con- siderably by the abandoned Indian improve- ments. A considerable portion of this earliest settlement was made bj^ squatters. The character of the country at this time was very favorable to this class of people. Game was found here in great abundance, the In- dian improvements were made fruitful at slight expense of labor, and there were no considerable settlements for a hundred miles about. A writer who was over this section of country, and observed this class of people, describes the squatter as follows: " The improvements of a backwoodsman are usually confined to building a rude log cabin, clearing and fencing a small piece of ground for raising Indian corn; a horse, a cow, a few hogs and some poultry, comprise his live stock; and his farther operations are per- formed with his wife. The formation of a settlement in his neighborhood is hurtful to the success of his favorite pursuit, and is the signal for removing into more remote parts of the wilderness. In -case of his owning the land on which he is settled, he is content to sjII at a low price, and his establishment, though trifling, adds much to the comfort of his successor."* Of the succeeding class of settlers, who came in principally after the war of 1813, the same writer — an English traveler — says: "The next class of settlers differs from the former, in having considera- bly less dependence on the killing of game, in remaining in the midst of a growing pop- ulation, and in devoting themselves more to agriculture. A man of this class proceeds on small capital; he either enlarges the clearings began in the woods by his backwooodsman predecessor, or establishes himself on a new site. On his arrival in a settlement, the neigh- bors unite in assisting him to erect a cabin for the reception of his family; some of them cut down the trees, others drag them to the spot with oxen, and the rest build up the logs. In this way, a house is commonly reared in one day. For this well-timed assistance, no immediate payment is made, and he acquits himself by working for his neighbors. It is not in his power to hire laborers, and he must depend, therefore, upon his own exertions. If his family is numerous and industrious, his progress is greatly accelerated. He does not clear away the forests by dint of labor, but girdles the trees. By the second summer after this operation is performed, the foliage is completely destroyed, and his crops are not injured by the shade. He plants an orchard which thrives abundantly under every sort of neglect. His live stock soon becomes much more numerous than that of his backwoods predecessor; but, as his cattle have to shift for themselves in the woods where grass is scanty, they are small and lean. He does not sow grass seed, to succeed his crops, so that his land, which ought to be pasturage, is *riint's letters from America, ISIS \ 240 HISTORY OF LOGAX COI'XTY. overgrown with weeds. The neglect of sowing grass seed deprives him of hay, and he has no fodder laid up excc])! the Ijhides of Indian corn, which are much withered and do not appear to be nutritious food. The poor animals are forced to range the forests in winter, where they can scarcely procure an^'- thing which is green, except the buds of the underwood, on which tliey browse. Trees are sometimes cut down that the cattle may eat the buds. Want of shelter completes the sum of misery. Hogs suffer famine dur- ing the drought of suriimer and the frosts and snows of wi:iter, but they become fat by feeding on the acorns and beechnuts which strew the ground in autumn. Horses are not exempted from their share in these common sutrering-, with the addition of labor, wiiich most of them are not able to undergo. * * * The utensils used in agriculture are not nu- merous. The plough is sliort, clumsy, and is not calculated to make eitiier deep or neat furrows. The harrow is triangular, and is yoked with one of its angles forward, that it may be less apt to taki; hold of stumps of U-ees in its way. Light articles are carried on horseback, heavy ones by a coarse sledge, by a cart or by a wjigon. The smaller im- plements are the ax, the jiick-ax, and the cradle-scythe — by far the most commendable of backwood apparatus. * • * To-dav I have seen a number of young women on horse- back with p.ickages of wool, going to or re- turning from the carding machine. At some of the houses, the loom stands under a small porch by the dcwr. The early population of f^ogan County was quite cosmopolitan in its character. Tlio main avenue by which the tide of immigra- tion reached this section of the country was up the valley of the Miami, in the trail of the vnrif)us expeditions that had been sent against the hostile tribes. This line of travel proved most accessible to the older settlements of Kentucky and Virginia ; the country was al- so best known to these people, who had made up the major part of the old invading forces, and it was those peoj)le wlio first came ujioii the ground as settlers. Later, Pennsylvania contributed a large element, composed of Germans and the old Quaker stock, and the Western Keserve, a large number of New England families. There seems to have been no regular advance northward in this county, but, the natural restrictions having been re- moved, the eager emigrants rusiied in, sjiread- ing here and there over tlie county, as their fancy and judgment moved them. A settle- ment was early formed in what is now Zane Township ; Perry was invaded in 1S04-.5-6 ; Rush Creek about the same time ; T/ake in ISOG; Pleasant in 1809; KIchland in ISIO, and other parts of the count}' down to 1840. The Lewistown Reservation ke])t back the settlements in the northwest part of the coun- t)' for a number of years, which accounts for the late settlement of parts of Stokes, Wash- ington and Richland Townships. The fol- lowing table of population shows the growth of the subdivisions of the county, as well as that of the whole : TOWVSIIIPS. 1820 1830 1840 1830 1860 1870 1880 505 222 im l,.')27 1,17.^) 807 1 ,078 1,428 1,208 1,014 6711 612 588 1 ,0r,8 !I87 ill 2 1 .SCiCi 1 ,88'.l l,7t;7 8.18'.i 1,240 1,481 'zzy.'.'.""." 1,380 1,111 1,887 1,110 801) 888 1,144 1,100 487, ,'>M7 808 72!i C(i8 fiM I.O'.IO l.l'.ll 65.") 888 IJokcs Creek... 1,-844 l,(il3 '.I'.I4 !)81 .Ipff'crson I.iiko 1,084 l..')78 8, 7'>8 4,1)48 IJIicriy l,r,24 l.lWiO 1.40(1 l,r)74 1,7118 2.102 1,872 1, .804 Terry ",12211,008 ;i'.i4 1.123 1.4011,7111 Rush Creek.... Sfokes 1,077 '2'M 832 C17 1 .021 2,044 2,217 G78ll.o;ti") I'nitin 7.')8 812 870 784 864 939 The enumeration the above table includes the whole township save in that of 1870 and 1^1 v> HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 241 1880. In these years the villages of Logan County were enumerated as follows : Towns. 1870 1880 West Miinsfield. West Rii-lgewiiy. Zanesfielcl Bellefontainc West Lihei ty Huntsville Degi-nfl' Qiiincy East Liberty* liOgniisville ISellecenter Rushylvania Midtl!ebin-g* 100 282 3,182 741 322 624 320 190 09 276 310 223 385 .S07 4.001 715 43(5 085 440 225 "434 467 The population in the whole county in 1820 was 3,181; in 1830, 6,432; in 1840, 14,013. The raj)id increase of population after the close of the war of 1812 soon made Urbana at an inconvenient distance from the outly- ing portions of Chain[)aign County, and, in 1817, an ofl'ort was made to divide it into three parts, Logan on the north and Clark on the south. This movement was successful, and on December 30, 1817, the act was passed erecting Logan County. The " Act to erect the county of Logan," is as follows : "Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that so much of Champaign County as lies north of the line, beginning on tlie east line of Miami Coimty, between Sections ;j:j and 34, in the third township, thirteenth range, and running east twelve miles, with the sectional line between the third and fourl;h tier of sections, thence south one mile, thence with the sectional line between second and third tier of sections in said range, to the line between the United States land and the Virginia Jlilitary Land, and thence east to the line of Champaign County, thence north with said line to the Indian boundary line; thence west to a point so that a line drawn from said point due south will strike the Indian boundary line at the point where the line between the counties of Miami and Champaign strike said line; thence south with said line between the counties of Miami and Cham- paign to the place of beginning. And, also, includ- ing the United States Reservation at the Rapids of «riKuros taken from 1860 ; no separate census given In 1870. the Miami of the Lake: which shall be known by the name of Logan: Provided, that the jurisdiction of the said county of Logan shall extend over all that territory lying north of said county, and all crimes that shall be committed within the territory aforesaid, shall be considered as having been com- mitted within the said count}' of Logan." Sectlor! 6 provides, " That the courts of said county of Logan shall be holden at the house of Edwin Mathers, or some other con- venient place in the town of Belleville, until the permanent scat of justice shall be estab- lished for the said county of Logan." It was further provided, that "this act shall com- mence and be in force from and after the first day of March next." It is signed by Duncan McArthur, Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, and by Abraham Shepherd, Speak- er of the Senate, and dated December 30, 1817. The territory out of which Logan County was thus organized consisted of what was known as the Congress and Virginia Military Lands. The former was so-called because they were sold to purchasers by the immediate officers of the general government, conform- ably to such laws as were enacted by Con- gress. They are surveyed into townships of si.v miles square each, under authority, and at the expense of the National Government. The latter is the name given to a body of land between the Scioto and Little Miami Kivers, and bounded on the south by the Ohio River. The State of Virginia, from the indefinite and vague terms of expression in its original charter of territory from James I., King of England, in the year 1G09, claimed all the continent north of the Ohio River, and of the north and south breadth of Virginia. After the war of the revolution, among the various territorial compromises, Virginia agreed to relinquish all her claims northwest of the Ohio River in favor of the General Govern- ment, upon condition of the lands referred to ^- oint. To rectify this discrep- ancy, a new line was run from the boundary line to the ])roper point on the Scioto, and is known as the Koberts line. The strip below the boundary line which ))ropcrly belonged to tlio Virginia Military reservation, however, had been surveved and sold by Congress, and this discovery threatened to eject all those who liad Ijought property within this disputed territory. A shrewd speculator at once en- tered the land in this strip of territory and threatened to enforce his rights by the eject- ment of those who held these lands by a pur- chase from the General Government. His title was bought by the General Government at an e.\jiense of about ^100,000, and the ori- ginal purchasers given a valid title. On January 10, 1820, Union County was erected, and a strip three miles wnde was taken from Logan County and attached to Union. On February 12 of the same year Hardin county was erected, and for many years prior to 18")5 there had been a dis])ute between the officers of Logan ami Hardin Counties as to the location of the true line between them. Section 8 of the act erecting Union County provides "that so much of the terri- tory lying north of the county of Logan as is contained within the following boundaries, to-wit: beginning at the northeast corner of Logan County, thence running north five miles, thence west to a point from wliicii a south lino will strike the southwest corner of said countj', thence south to said corner, thence cast with the line to the beginning, shall be, and it is horcliy attached to the county of Logan, and shall hereafter form a part of said county." The sources of dispute under this section were two, and are set forth in a written opinion delivered b\' Judge Wil- liam Lawrence, of Bellefontaine, as follows: "7»'(>s^ The statute requires the north line of Logan to run ^vcst ' fnnn its northeast corner. The officers of Hardin County claimed this nnist be due west — a line at right angles with a true meridian — while the officers of Logan insisted it should be at ritj/it a/ii/lcs icith a ?naff/u'tic merkhan, as it was when the act of January 10, 1820, took effect, which would make a line, after leaving the beginning point, farther north than if run at right angles to a true meridian. Second. The Greenville Treaty line runs north 80 ° east. The act of January 10, 1820, added new territory on the north end of what had been Logan County to run five miles north, beginning at the northeast ,4^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COL^'TY. 245 corner of Logan County. The farther east this original corner could be located on the Greenville Treaty line, the farther north would the five miles extend. The statute of April 9, 1852, provided a mode of settling these and other disputes of a similar character. The Commissioners of Hardin County accordingly filed their bill in chancer^' in the Court of Common Pleas of Logan County, and such proceedings were had that at the December Term, 1854, of the Supreme Court of Ohio, a decree was made: "That the true construction of the eighth sec- tion of the act entitled ' An act to erect the county of Union ' passed on the 10th day of January, A. D. 1820, is that the line therein mentioned shall commence at the former northeast corner of Logan County, on the Greenville Treaty line and run thence north five miles with the "magnetic meridian, as it was at the taking effect of said law. And thence west at right angles to said lines so run, and that a line so run at right angles as aforesaid is the true north line of Logan County." This question was brought before the court again in 1817 by Messrs. Riddle and Rutan, owning land upon this disputed territory, and which was listed and put upon the grand duplicates of l)oth counties. The qtiestion is now (September, 1880) before the Supreme Court awaiting the action of that bod^'. Al- though the opinion above quoted makes out a very strong case for the claim of Logan County, it also sets forth the difficulties which this claim will probably encounter. These are two: '■'■First. That the decree of the court was intended to give to Logan County only five miles north of the Greenville Treaty line where it crosses the east line of the county, and, /Second. The long acquiescence by Logan in the e.xercise of jurisdiction by Hardin County over this strip of 204 rods."* *This strip of territory is 204 rods wide, extending clear The first commissioners of the newly formed county held their first meeting at the house of Samuel Rewell, April 14, 1818. They found the territory of Logan Countj' divided into six townships, and named as follows : Zane, Jefferson, Lake, Miami, Harrison and Wanes- field. In an address of Judge William Pat- rick, of Urbana, the approximate date of their erection, derived from the election returns in the Clerk of the Court's office, are given as follows : " The subdivisions of Champaign County, in the first year of its organization, were Springfield, Salem and Mad River Town- ships; but in the run of years up to 1817, the civil divisions were extended in the formation of townships in about this order : Bethel, 180G; Zane, 1806; Harmony, 1807; Union, 1810; Moorfield, 1811; Concord, 1811; War- ner, 1811; Urbana, 1811; ZaA-e, 1811; Plens- ant, 1812; Boston, 1812; German, 1S12; Jef- ferson, 1813; Miaini, 1814; Goshen, 1815; Jackson, 1815; Harrison, 181G; Pike, 1816." In the italicized names will be recognized those of the original townships noted in the earliest records of the Logan County Commis- sioners, but what were their limits it is impos- sible now to determine, as the records of the Commissioners' Court of Champaign County, previous to 1819, are, unfortunately, misplaced or lost. The niimes of Union, Harrison and Pleasant are still found in the other parts that made up old Champaign, but so situated as to afford no clue as to the original township of these names. There is a tradition that what is now Logan County was at one time known as Zane Townshij); but nothing definite in re- gard to the matter is known. The history of Waynesfield Township is equally obscure. It is not found in Judge Patrick's list, and yet is found recognized as one of the original si.x across the northern end of Logan Counti,-. and has been under the undisputtd jurisdiction of Hardin County since 18S1— a period of forty-three years at tlie time of the begin- ning of this action. -e> V n±^ 246 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. townships in the earliest record of the Com- missioners of Log'an County. Its disappear- ance from the geography of the county is equally unexplained. On September 25, 1818, the Commissioners ordered " that all that tract of the state north (of the county) and west of the Miami of the Lake (Maumee) and within the County of Logan, be attached to Waynes- field Township." On November 22, 1819, the tax duplicate of this township is recorded at 1104. 05; but after this it is lost in the records, and no trace of it is to be found on the maps save the village of that name in the eastern part of Anglaize County. The inference is that, as was generally the case with frontier counties, the ludiniited jurisdiction of Logan County over the unorganized territory north of it was expressed by the organization or ex- tension of this Township of Wayncsfiehl. When Hardin County was organized, it passed out of sight in the various territorial changes that then t(ii>k ])lace. On the 14th of August, 1818, the Commis- sioners found several fractional townships formed by the erection of a new county, and adjusted matters by reorganizing the whole county. It was ordered "that that part of Lo- gan County bounded by the Indian boundary line, its eastern, western and southern bound- aries, be divided into four townshijjs, as follows, viz.: That the Township of Miami be bounded on the west by the west boundary of said countv; thence from the; luirthwest corner of section 3, township 3, range 13, east to the northeast corner of section 33, township 4, range 13; thence north to the county line and west with it to the beginning. The Township of Lake to commence at the southeast corner of the said Township of Miami; thence east- wardly with the county line to the southeast corner of section 27, township 5, range 13; thence north to the count}' line; thence west with county line to northeast corner of Miami Township; thence south to the place of be- ginning. The Township of .Tefferson running with the east boundary of Lake, and si.x miles wide. The Township of Zane to con- sist of the balance of the said County of Logan. "That the place for holding elections in the said townships shall be, for the Township of Zane, at their former place of holding elec- tions fjr said township; for the Township of Jefferson, at the house of .lames M. Workman ; for the Township of Lake, in the Town of Belleville; and for the Township of Miami, at the house of .lolin Turner, Esq., until other- wise ordered." Vfom those original townsliijis have been formed the seventeen townsliijis that mak(> up the County of Logan. From the original territory of Miami come the present Town- ships of Pleasant, Bloomfield, Stokes and Washington; from Lake, tUc present Town- ships of Union, McArthur, Harrison, Lilierty and Richland; from JoUerson, the present Townships of Monroe and Rush Creek; and from Z:ine, the ])resent Townships of Perry and Bokes Creek. From the following table, among other information, may be gathered the fact that the growth of the county canu; from the southern portion of the county, the townships on the lower tier being first formed, and the others successively as the population I increased northward : Towmtiiips. WHEN OBGAMZrn. VILLAQES. WHEN I.AH) OUT. rosT orFicEs. WHEN ESTABLISHED. 1882 N'o. I'lat... Bloom Center June 21, 1852 1838 West Mnn»ficlil West Uiilgwny 1 H.-,0 1m:,i 18.10 Qrctna Ian. ;i, 1878 1 J^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 247 TOWNSHIP. Jefferson., Lake Liherty.. McVrihur . Miami Monroe .... Perry Pleasant... w n KN ORGANIZED. 1818.. 1818.. l8;iG. Richlaml., Rusn Creek. Stokes Union Washington. Zane 1823 , 1818 1822 18:;(l , 1841 1844. 1827... 1838.. 1820.. 1839., 818., TILLAGES. Zanesfield Bellefontaine. West Liberty.. Huntsville Cherokee DeGr.aff Quincy Pickcreltown.. WHEX L.tID OCT. 1819.. 1820.. 1828.. 1846.. 1832.. 1850.. 1830.. .\o. Plat... Kast Liberty 1834 North Greenfield J1847 Logansvillc !1832 Kichlanil 1832 West Geneva 1832 Belle Center |1846 Rushsylvania 11834 Harper il8.jl Itig Springs Walnut Grove Lewistown West Middlehurg.. 1 8-V2..* 1854..* 1833.. 1832.. I'OST OFFICES. New Jerusalem.. Zanesfield Bellefontaine West Liberty Huntsville Cherokee -' DeGraff. Quincy Pickereltown East Liberty ■ North Greenfield.. Logansvillc ' Xew Richland *.... N'ortliwood Bell Center Rushsylvania Harper Big Spring Mark . Lewistown West Middleburg.. WHE.V ESTADLISIIED. .Jan. 10, 1876.. JLareh 25, 182'j.. Oct. 11, 1820.. .\pril, 1826.. Julv 29, 1849.. May 7, 1832.. Feb. 15, 1853.. March 12, 1834.. July 22, 1851.. Sept. 5, 1836.. .lunc 29, 1869.. .-Sept. Feb. Nov. Jan. .Sept. Feb. 19, 1835.. 7, 1846.. 24, 1868.. 20, 1848.. 9, 18.36., 4, 1856., .\pril 26, 1864.. Dec. 8, 1859... July July 19, 1839.. 11, 1840.. At the first meeting of the Commissioners, the territorial limits of the newly formed county had been fixed, but the whoJe ma- chinery which was to enable it to become a vital part of the State was to be constructed and put in motion. The permanent seat of justice had not yet been fi.xed upon, and all that could be done was to make such tempo- rary arrangements as would meet the present necessities, and await further developments. On the 23d of April, 1S19, they appoitited Martin Marnion Treasurer, and two days later appointed Thomas Thompson Recorder. On November 23, of the same year, the Com- missioners arranged with " Thomas Wilson at S!2.50 per each day, for the accommodation of * 'So. Plat. 1 Estaljlished originally at Oanvood Mills. Jtarch 27. 1826. '■' Established originally at Cherokee, and changed to Hunts- ville. ■> Callfd rriginallv Dnuslass. and established ,\pril 21. lS2f>. •• &t: blshjil at Kunilall. .Niiv. 10, ISls.an.lfbangL-d to New Richliin,t (iM the al.c.ve date. It. will he pniii.r to aiW that two (it1u-es were establi.slK-d ; Muchinippl .lulv s. 1M(J, di.s- contiiuied March 12. 1S72: and Downingsville, July 13, 18311 ; discontinued May 19, 1817. the court, and Thomas Wilson agreed to fur- nish three rooms for the same, and the south room if wanted." The statement of the Treasurer for this year was : Receipts — licenses, §134. 28f; other receipts, $404.5.5^; total, $538. 84^. E.xpenditures — by orders, $519.83 ; by commission at 4 per cent, S19.83; leaving a balance of SI. 97 against the county. In the following year, however, the statement of the Treasurer closes with the " neat bal- ance of $426.17 " in favor of the countj^ On September 15, 1819, the Commissioners sjtread the following upon their record: "Ordered, that James M. Workman be appointed to ap- propriate and lay out $.30.00 on the Sandusky road, as follows: Commencing at the soutii- ern boundary of Logan County, from thence on as far and ending at the northern bound- ary." This was the first of the public road building that has continued, until the pres- ent timq; Logan County has paid for and pro- jected pikes to the amount of $850,000, and ^1 •^ s- 248 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. possesses a system of improved higlfways in- ferior to no count}' in the State. In the meanwhile, the Special Commission- ers appointed to locate the seat of justice had examined a site on the Mad River, some two miles below Zaneslield, but, some doubts as to the validity of the titles of the lands arising, the choice of the Commissioners was fi.iced on Bellefontaine. Accordingly, in Feb- ruary, 1820, the County Commissioners held their first session in the new county seat. Heretofore, the criminals of the county were confined in the Champaign County jail in TJrbana, at considerable expense, and one of the first acts of the Commissioners at this session was to provide a jail. On i\w IDth of February, 1820, the contract for building the edifice was given to Vachel Blaylook, at 153] 5. It was located on the northeast corner of the public square, " fifteen feet back from the front, and the same number of feet back from the end." The walls were of logs, hewn about fifteen inches square, neatly dovetailed at the corners. Outside of this was another wall all around, of the same ma- terial, and put up in the same manner, leav- ing a space between the two walls of about ten or twelve inches, which was filled up with loose stones. The iloors above and below were of logs of the same size, but of only one thickness. Some few prisoners, it is said, were confined in this jail, even before it had a roof, save some loose planks laid upon poles. On January 1.5, 1822, a contract was entered into by the Commissioners with Blaylock & Ilovitz, to "raise a house, in front of the jail of this county, of hewn oak logs of equal length with said jail, fifteen feet wide; to put in sleepers and joi.sts of whitci oak, cut one door in front of said house, and hang a door thereon with wooden hinges; to take the rafters off the jail, and roof it and the house now built under one, and with a good cabin roof, and put a good wooden chimney to one end, lined with stoiif, and lay the hearths with stone. In consideration whereof, the Commissioners agree to jiay them by order on the County Treasurer sixty dollars, for the true performance whereof the ])arties bind tiieniselvcs to each otiier in the penalty of two hundred dollars." To these specifica- tions were added the condition that the con- tractors should put in "one window of 12 lights," and should " chink and daub the aforesaid house." This building was finished and accepted March 4, 1822. On August 30 of the following year, the Commissioners proposed to make an addition to the jail, but, for some reason, the proposition was not car- ried into eflfect. On June 8, 182-1, the pro- ject was revived, and a contract entered into with John Workman for $740.50, to put up a building, in front of the jail, "twenty-two feet in width, and the same length of the jail. " It was to bo two stories high, " tiie upjicr one to extend over the jail;" "one stack of brick chimneys . on stone founda- tions ;" "four twelve-light wiiulows in \i])per story, three fifteen-light windows below, " and " three bolting doors." This addition was to be completed "by the first of the following December. It was not accepted, however, until the following May, and in the following October the (\)niinissioners allowed the eon- tractor $5.jl).5U additional, on the testimimy of experts that the work was taken too low, and could not l)e done for less than ^1,300. This Ijuilding supplied the demand of the county in this direction until about 1845, when the first brick jail was built (m its site at a cost of several thousaml dollars. In 1870 this structure was taki-n down, and the present one built east of the Public Square, on lot No. 159, at a total cost of 834,050. The principal contract was award<'d to Rouser & Rouser, of Dayton, for ^27,81)5. The demand for a Court House was felt from the first, but, until the county seat was HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 249 fixed, nothing could be done toward building, but in June, 1830, apian was formed to build the temple of justice in connection with the jail, and the contract let to John Casebolt for S860. In the following AOGAX COUNTY. for the physician to own a speedy and reliable horse. In fact it was a great blemish upon the professional escutcheon of any one, not to be in possession of a good horse, for there were serious misgivings in the absence of equine speed, let the attainments of the man of science be ever so good in the abstract. To this day, old pioneers in this county will tell of this, or that doctor's "big sorrel i)acer," or " blaze-faced mare," which made such mar- velously ([uick trips, " nigh onto forty years ago." The doctor in those royal days of long ago, used to carry his medical equip- ments (all, save his trusty lancet, which he kept in his vest pocket,) in a pair of rather cumbersome saddle-bags. These were well stuffed with senna, and snake root, chamo- mile flowers, calomel, jalap, rhubarb, and spigolia, for the little ones with worms. How the doctor, riding as he did, in John Giljjin style, ever managed to reach his patients all in one piece, that is, without himself and his saddle-bags and horse, coming in separate and distinct parcels, is to this day a mystery and a marvel. Probably the feat was achieved partly from an adroitness acipiired by habit, and ]iartly from some special miraculous prov- idential (lis])ensation, whicii certainly some- times scemeil to be displayed in the doctor's behalf; notablj-, in bringing his patients out right side up, in certain cases, where recovery upon any other hypothesis is inexplicable. Those were great times for the use of the lancet. Kverybody want(>d to be bled, in the spring time, especially, aii remote from each other — might also have had some power in determining the positive and aggres- sive character of the inflammatory diseases of the piu'iod now under consideration. At- all events, the treatment was of the most " heroic" kind. IMeeding was universally practiced, not onlv in inflammatory diseases, but in cer- tain fevers, which were truly of a frightfully active grade — " inflammatory fevers," with a t ^' HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 253 tendency to some local disaster. It is certain that the practice was not followed with the dangers and disasters that would now be entailed by a similar mode of procedure. On the contrary, it is probable that at the time and under the circumstances the treat- ment by depletion — by bleeding and blister- ing, and diaphoretics and diuretics, to say nothing of emetics aiid purgatives — was the proper one, and altogether the best. Let the cycle of fifty-nine or sixty years of astronom- ical relationship between the conjunction of the planets Saturn and Jupiter be completed, and then see what the type of diseases con- nected with the corresponding magnetic dis- turbances will be, before assuming too posi- tively that the same practice may not become again a necessity! In the olden time, when a messenger arrived in hot haste after the physician, it was always possible, before two words were spoken, to know when some expectant mother was in trouble. No man can truly describe the why and wherefore, but the experienced physician always knew, almost at once, when that difficulty had to be met; so he hurried, in good sooth. The blazing log-fire, the only light in the cabin sometimes, shining upon the white-ash puncheons, with cracks an inch or more apart, and half a dozen of the nearest female neighbors and gossips, made up the main features of the scene. At length, suf- fice it to say. a new, trembling life has been added to the innumerable throng which jour- neys always towards the undiscovered country. Something to live for, something to love, has been added to the household; and the dark clouds of selfishness and hate, which are wont, too often, to cast their shadows upon the human heart, have been put to flight, at least for the time, by the sheer presence of innocence and helplessness. And now all is bustle. The jellies, and the jams, and- the preserves, carefully laid by for this auspicious moment, by the careful forethought of the mother, are now displayed in prodigal profusion. And chickens, and ham, and eggs, and all the substantials and luxu- ries that have been provided by care and prudence, and self-denial, are lavishly set forth. The doctor is the great man of the oc- casion; no grand potentate was ever more de- votedly served, or had half so safely the hearts of all around him. He is asked with a display of reckless extravagance, and an air sug- gestive of tons of sugar within easy reach, if he will "take sweet'nin" in his cofi'eo? And after all is over, he goes home a happier, and perhaps a better, if not a richer man. One of the earliest and most distressing maladies that made its appearance in con- siderable portions of Logan County was known as the "Trembles," or "Jlilk Sickness," or, more emjihatically, the " Sick Stomaih," This was a malady almost unknown to the Faculty, and was not as yet described in works on medical practice. Dr. Drake de- clares it was known in North Carolina one hundred years ago. Since the early part of the present century, there have appeared in the medical periodicals a number of contribu- tions upon the disease in question. And yet there is much that is uncertain and in dispute concerning it. It is known to have appeared in North Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennes- see, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Its appearance in these States has been confined to narrow and clearly defined localities. The horse, mule, cow, dog, goat, sheep, hog and buzzard have been known to take the disease. In some of these animals, as the dog and buzzard, the mal- ady was doubtless contracted by eating of the flesh of cattle that had died of the " Trembles." Calves would often have the disease, and even die with it, while the mother did not seem greatly afi"octed. The human being probably always became the victim of the poison by partaking of the flesh, or milk, or butter, or i^ HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. cheese, derived from animals infected -with it. It was not always possible to say from simple inspection whether an animal was suf- fering from the " Trembles" or not. The poison not infrequently would remain latent or dor- mant, not only in the lower animals, but in man also, for a considerable period of time. Some sudden, exciting cause in sucli cases would in-: fallibly develop the active symptoms. If an animal was really infected with the poison, a little rapid driving would bring on the trem- bling; and, indeed, the beast would some- times drop and die during the experiment. Butchers always drove suspected cattle furi- ously for a short time, in order to determine whether the disease was lurking in them or not. If there was no trembling as the result, the creature was considered safe for beef; but if the exercise brought on that symptom, the meat woulil always j)rovc to be poisonous. There was a tost common amongst the people through which they determined whether the milk of a cow was poisonous or not. They would pour vinegar into a small vessel con- taining some of tiie susi)ect('d milk. If the milk curdled in mixing with the vinegar, it was esteemed to be sound; but if it remained lluid, it was poisoned. Another test was by scalding : if the milk retained its liquid form when boiled, it was good, but if it thickened up and coagulated under the influence of heat, it was rejected as diseased. These facts are given merely as part of the history of the disease, without vouching for their value or trustworthiness. Post-mortem appearances showed, in the lower animals, a changed and softened state of the inner lining of the jiaunch and bowels. The lining membrane was some- times nearly destroyed and gone, or of a very dark and mortified appearance. In man, such appearances were sometimes present; but often the bowels were greatly contracted and dry internally, and the small bowels drawn together so as to look almost like a cord. All the ordinary secretions were greatly reduced in quantitv. The cause of this disease has never been determined with entire satisfaction. It is true that very few observers fail to form a very decided opinion on this point, but the trouble is that no two of them are of the same oj)inion. It has been attributed to the effects of blasted grain, or ergot. Dr. Lord, and others, think it is derived from water; others believe that it is derived from a certain agency in the soil — it may be aqueous, gaseous er vaporous, which is dissijiated or destroyed by cultivation. According to others, it is derived froin various weeds, or shrubs, or vines growing over old logs, etc. Some try to reconcile the various opinions on this sub- ject by suggesting that the real agent is a microscopic germ or sporulc that might infest at times either of tliese different substances and thence become transferred into the circu- lation of the animal. A great difficulty in satisfactorily determining the cause of the trouble lies in the fact of its strict confine- ment within certain clearly recognized limits. Cows giving milk are less apt to die, or even show the symptoms of the disease, than dry cattle. In man, the attacks are of variable degrees of violence, commensurate, no doubt, with the amount of poison received. But in severe cases, after a brief period of weakness and depression, the patients begin to vomit, and the retching and vomiting continue un- ceasingly. There is no bile thrown out, the sec- retions being universally suppressed. There is insatiable thirst, and generally constij)ation. There is a peculiar odor emitted by one af- fected with the " sick stomach," which has been compared to the smell of a rattlesnake. At all events, it is always present, and is at once re- cognized, both b)' physicians and attendants. There is great diversity of opinion respect- ing the best plan of treatment. Some sali- vate with calomel, and employ also blisters w HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. to the pit of the stomach and extremities; others depend upon whisky and blisters; others employ strychnia and belladonna, and some, again, depend upon large and repeated doses of ordinary purgative medicines. As many as "from fifty to seventy doses in twice as many hours," of full measure of purgative medicine, has been recommended. There is no doubt that the symptoms, in- cluding the constipation in this disease, are the direct result of the poison depressing the nerve power, both central and sympathetic. The indication of cure is not the relief of some isolated symptom, but it is the removal of the poison; and, in order to effect this, the using of such auxiliary means as will restore the strength, so that time niay be afforded to accomplish the elimination of the morbid agent from the body is proper. The use of mere physics, as such, is not the most logical procedure, for the constipation is not the cause of the disease — it is merely one of its effects. It will be remembered that the cow a-ivino- milk does not die. The large flow of milk eliminates the poison soon after it is received. The milk contains the product of the elimin- ation, and tlie calf dies ; and persons also who partake of this milk, or of the butter or cheese made from it, become poisoned. A person well acquainted with these facts informs me that he never knew a milch cow die of this disease but once. A family hav- ing contracted "sick stomach" from the milk of this cow, she was abandoned, and her milk no longer taken from her. The elimination of the poison ceased, and she died. In the human patient, what is wanted to procure re- lief is the elimination of the poison. It will be remembered that all the secretions are greatly diminished in milk sickness. Various and apparently distinct as the more success- ful plans of treatment seem to be, the fact is that they operate in a common way in this one particular, namely, in promoting the elimination of the morbid matter. It remains only to say, in connection with this subject, that milk sickness has now near- ly disappeared from the limits of Logan Coun- ty. The increase of pojsulation and the uni- versal cultivation of the soil has banished it, and left it, to a large degree, only a horrid re- membrance. About the year 1839, a change in the type of prevailing diseases began to take place. This fact was not really recognized at that time, but the light of subsequent medical events leaves no doubt of it. Typhoid symptoms began to appear. It is not true that the typhoid type was suddenly es(al)lished. JIany were still affected with the higher or inflam- matory grades of disease, and they were treat- ed accordingly, with success. But more and more that kind of treatment was found to fail, and in fact to prove injurious, until, in a few years, the universal tendency to a typhoid state of the constitution was clearly perceived. Blood-letting, especially, went entirely out of practice; and the waiting and sustaining plan of treatment was adopted. The human con- stitution, so far as Logan County is concerned, is yet in a condition of depression, although not nearly so much so as fifteen or twenty years ago. About the year 18-13 there prevailed throughout this region a disease which was then universal throughout the United States, and connnon in other continents. It was a general malady disseminated by atmospheric influences alone, and profoundly affecting the whole system, although its more prominent symptoms were connected with the mucous membranes. This was the influenza, called by the French Xa Grijipe. It was called in this countr}', by the people generally, the " Tyler grip." Its most prominent symptoms were sore and tearful eyes, copiously discharg- ing nostrils, pain in the forehead and over the •■7)- ^t i±^ 256 IIISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. eyes, sneezing and soreness of the lungs and throat, and cough. Sometimes diarrhoea pre- vailed to a large extent. There was a remarkal)le depression of the strength, and this symptom was sometimes so pronounced as to cause the death of aged or weakly persons. Patients with weak lungs would often recover very slowly, or would evcntunlly die by the superadded weight of the influ- enza. Ordinarily, the worst symptoms would abate in three or four days, but the full re- covery of the strength was a work of con- siderable time. In the year 1851 the cholera broke out in Bellcfontaine. It made some slight anpear- ance before that time, as well as afterwards. But that was the oidy time of groat mortality and ilaiiger from the scourge. The disease had been jirevailing in Sandusky City, and a young man had come thence to his home in Bellefontaiiir. lb; came on a certain day, and, ahliough apparently well, he was dead on the next day. He died of cholera. His brother, at whose house he was, also died in a day or two; also another relative, who was making a box to receive the remains of a cholera patient, died, and was encased in the box made by himself. Altogether, there were a dozen or fourteen deaths within a brief space of time. A poor woman, who washed some of the clothing soiled by these ]iatients, died, together with her husband, from the same disease. It was curious to see how great a solicitude sprang at once among the inhabitants of tlie town for the welfare of tlicir relations who dwelt at a distance. Fearful that sickness and disaster might reach them in their distant homes, many of the .symjiathftic citizens straightway bi-took themselves thither to hi-lj) them, and nursi; them should they, perchance, become sick. Even some of the ]>hysieians had such conscientious calls, and obeyed them. Not one would entertain the propo- sition for a moment that he was scared and ran away from the cholera. We owe the following facts to the kind- ness of Dr. S. W. Fuller, respecting the his- tory of the diseases afflicting the lower por- tion of Logan County. Dr. Fuller is an observer of superior qualifications and is a trustworthy reporter. The time represented is between the years 1838 and 1854. Marsh malariiil fevers were endemic almost every year. Some seasons, however, thej' prevailed more severely than others, prostrat- ing almost whole neighborhoods. Now, hap- pily, owing to the clearing up of the country, drainage of surface waters and drying up of stagnant ponds, thej' have greatly abated, and no longer appear in an endemic form. Quinine has lost its relative importance in the family, being at one time almost as niudi of a staple as flour. Measles and whooping-cough were epi- demic in this period, and during a portion of their stay they assumed a severe tj'pe, and ■were attended with considerable fatality. Scarlet fever also prevailed to a considerable extent, but scarcely attained to the propor- tions of an epidemic. Perha]is the most remarkable of these jire- vailing diseases which raged during this ])i'- riod was that of small-pox. It broke out .M;iy 8, 184'2, an^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 259 took place the second or third day after the seizure, and from which few recovered; an- other was, in a few cases, the sudden subsi- dence of the dysenteric symptoms, and the supervention of muscular rheumatism, mostly confined to the lower extremities. The sud- den supervention of intense conjunctivitis was another peculiarity. When this took place it only gave partial relief to the dysentery. High rolling or table lands wore the places it most affected, low land being mostly ex- empted. Influenza prevailed as an epidemic during the months of July and August, 1843, a few cases appearing earlier in the season. It depended upon some peculiar, but unknown, atmospheric condition, and traveled with groat celerity from east to west, and, like Asiatic cholera, made the circuit of the earth. That severe and fatal disease, cerebro-spin- al-meningitis, made its first appearance in the village of West Liberty about March 1, 1848. It had prevailed in the New England States thirty years anterior to this time. It is pre- sumably the same disease which was then called tj'phus syncophalis. It continued to prevail in West Liberty for some two months, being confined to the town, with one excep- tion, and, as the weather became warm, it dis- appeared about the 1st of May for that year. It again appeared in th6 hilly region in the winter of 1851, along the upper Mackachack Creek, and continued to prevail upon the highlands along that stream for ten or twelve weeks, but disappeared upon the approach of warm weather. The disease again broke out during the cold weather of December, 1852, on the highlands bordering on Mad River, di- rectly north of town, and continued prevalent during the winter, but passing out of the neighborhood, after a few weeks, in a west- erly direction, so that for a time the seat of its operations was northwest, then west, after- wards southwest. It did not disappear until ^i the weather became warm, it being much more likely to prevail in cold than in warm temperatures. The writer has never seen more than two or three sporadic cases during the warm season. While there was a large proportion of re- coveries in those actively treated, there were many deaths, a few cases proving fatal in from seventeen to thirty hours. If the dis- ease was not greatly relieved within five or six days, the prognosis was unfavorable, and death usually ensued sooner or later; in some instances not for several weeks. Those cases where the membranes of the ccrclsrum were chiefly implicated wore more difficult to treat than those in which the spinal menil)ranes were inflamed. Owing to refle,K action, it sometimes simulated other diseases, in child- ren particularly: spasmodic croup and malig- nant scarlatina; but generally there was no great difficulty in making a correct diagnosis. The disease almost invariably seized the young in age, ranging from one year to twenty-five, but middle-aged persons have died of it. In all severe cases the attacks were sudden and without premonition, and were ushered in by throe pi'oniinont symp- toms, to wit: chill, vomiting and delirium — the latter often boisterous — with intervals of quiet. It has not been the design to give anything like a complete clinical history of this disease, but merely to note briefly its history as it prevailed in this vicinity. It now remains to notice specifically the names of those useful and philanthropic men who so often brought help, and confidence, and hope, where they were sorely needed. In the^southern portion of the county, the first permanently established physician was Dr. Ordway, a sketch of whose life appears else- where in this volume. Dr. S. W. Fuller came to West Liberty in 1838 and continued to practice tliere until 1855, when he removed to Bellefontaine. Dr. >?*, 260 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Fuller is also noticed mere especially in an- other portion of this work. Dr. I. C. Taylor settled in West Liberty in 1844. Dr. Taylor is a pioneer in this region in the domain of gynecology. Dr. D. B. Allen began the practice of medicine in West Liberty about the year 1848. He was a sur- geon in the army during the civil war. Dr. J. C. Ayers, now of Urbana, settled in- West Liberty in 1853. In 1801, he accepted a place as Assistant Surgeon in the Thirty- fourth Regiment, O. V. I., and was promoted to the position of Surgeon. Dr. S. M. Jones studied medicine with Dr. I>eonard in West Liberty, lie graduated in 1800 in the Medi- cal College of Ohio. His health failing, he re- tired. Dr. Benjamin B. Leonard was educated in the Medical College of Ohio; he graduated M. D. in 1853. Dr. Leonard was Surgeon of the Eighty-fourth O. V. I. during its term of service. Me is noticed elsewhere in this book. Dr. Benjamin Leonard,.Ir., graduated at Ohio Medical College in 1880. He is located in West Liberty. W. T. Sharp, M. D., grad- uated at Starling Medical College, and located in Middleburg. Dr. W. Sharp graduated in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Sur- gery in 1875. He is located in Middleburo-. Asearly as 1811, Dr. .John Elljert came to Mid- dlel|(urg. His son, Dr. John D. Elbert, prac- ticed mediciTio there for some years. C. C. Stokes, yi. D., graduated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1875. He is located in Middleburg. Dr. A. Fulton set- tled in llushsylvania in 1838. John "Wallace, M. D., graduated in Miami Medical College Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1877. He is located in Rushsylvania. William M. Goodlove, M. D., graduated at the Ohio Medical College in 1872. Dr. I. Doran is a leading physician of Rushsylvania. Ho practices the eclectic sys- tem. Dr. S. M. Fisher graduated in 1801. lie lives in Rushsylvania. Dr. Andrew Fulton settled in West Liberty in 1843. He moved to Kansas City in 1848, and died of cholera in 1850. In the northern portion of the county there have been a great many physi- cians. Dr. Solomon .Jenkins came to Belle Centre in 1847. He died there of typhoid fever in 1854. Dr. Thrall was in Belle Cen- tre from the spring of 1854 to 1855. He was educated at Starling Medical College, and re- moved to Iowa. Dr. Lunger attended lectures in Cleveland. He practiced in Richland and Belle Centre, and died at the latter place about ten years ago. Dr. .James S. Pollock first settled in Lewistown, and moved thence to Belle Centre. He graduated at the Ohio Medical College in 1855. Dr. Lyman Dow graduated from the Ohio Medical College in 1805. He entered the army as Assistant Surgeon, and remained there until tlic close of the war; since that time he has resided in Belle Cen- tre. Dr. Closes Devoie Wilson received his medical education at the Jefferson Medical College, Pa., and at Ann Arbor, Mich., where he graduated M. D. in 1854. He resides in Belle Centre. Dr. L. S. Patrick was educated at Baldwin University, Berea, Ohio; received his medical education at the Eclectic Insti- tute, Cincinnati, Ohio. He died in 1873. Dr. John A. Coulter took a private course of study under Prof. Dunn. He entered first O. V. I. as a ])nvate,*studie(l medicine iinder the Cincinnati College of AJedicine and Sur- gery, and graduated in 1872. In 1875, was acting assistant j)hysician in the Newberry' Lunatic Asylum. Dr. Joscjjh Snyder j>rac- ticed a few years in Huntsville; ho died there. Dr. Brooks also died there after a brief practice. Dr. Starrett, while practicing his profession in the same jilace, died of milk sickness. Dr. Sanford A. Dewey came to Huntsville in 1865. He is a graduate of the medical department cf the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. John V. Ditzler attended lectures in the Jefferson Medical College of HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 263 Pennsylvania. He located in Cherokee in 1843, and graduated at Starling IMedical Col- lege in 1850. He practiced medicine in the vicinity of Cherokee until 1877, when he died. Dr. Edward Hamilton practiced medi- cine in the neighborhood of Huntsville be- tween thirty and forty years ago. He moved west. He is a wealthy citizen of Peoria, Illi- nois. S. R. Blizzard, M. D., graduated at the Ohio Medical College in 18G0. He lives at present in JJellefontaine. Dr. Robert C. Dewey graduated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1873. He prac- tices in Huntsville. Dr. Samuel A. Morton came to Cherokee in 1831. Dr. Abraham Elder attended lectures at the Starling Medical College. He resides in Huntsville. John Korr, M. D., graduated at Starling Medical College in 1878. Dr. John Ten Eyck graduated at the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati. He settled in Huntsville about the year 1875. B. F. Mo- Kinnon, M. D., graduated at Starling Medi- cal College in 1860. He entered the army in March, 18G4, as Assistant Surgeon of the 139th and again of the 191st Regt., O. V. I. Dr. Edwin Pratt was for a number of years avery active practitioner in Bloomfield Township; he has latterly been pursuing his professional avocations in Bellefontaine. Dr. L. Prater has recently come to Cherokee from another State. In the eastern section of the coun- ty. Dr. James Crew was an early settler. Dr. Crew first studied medicine with Dr. Parker, of Columbiana County, Ohio. He subsequently studied in Richmond, Indiana. Here, in 1821, he married his first wife, hav- ing with her a famil3- of eight children. In the same year he moved to Zanesfield, in this county, where he practiced his profession for forty-seven years, when he retired. He died April 21, 18G8. In the year 1837, the Doctor was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature. He served one term. He also filled the offices of Justice of the Peace, Postmaster, etc., at various times. Dr. James W. Marmon studied medicine with Dr. Crew, but did not graduate until 1834, when he received his degree at the Ohio Medical College. Dr. James Robb, at the age of twenty-three, commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Lord, of Bellefon- taine. He attended lectures at the Med- ical College of Ohio. After a brief period of ill health. Dr. Robb", in 1848, entered into part- nership with Dr. Crew, of Zanesfield. He has been twice elected County Commissioner. In the year 1845, Dr. William Gee came to Zanesfield and practiced about five years. In 1847, Dr. Tomplison settled in Zanesfield and ])racticed two years. About 18G3, Dr. Campbell settled there also, and practiced on the eclectic system. After about eight years he removed to another State. Dr. J. G. Finley formed a partnership with Dr. Robb in 1SG7. After three years he removed to tlie eastern portion of the State. Amos Taj-lor, M. D., graduated at the Eclectic Med- ical Institute of Cincinnati, in 18GG. After practicing for a time, he graduated a second time at the Medical College of Ohio. Alto- gether, he practiced eight years in Zanesfield. In 1874 Dr. Outland begun the practice of m(>dicine in Zanesfield; he is a graduate. In 1870 Dr. N. S. Crew practiced with Dr. Robb. After two years he removed to Missouri. In 1874, Dr. John J. Coram, a graduate of the Medical College of Ohio, formed a partner- ship with Dr. Robb. Dr. J. W. Hamilton came to East Liberty in November, 1836. He' practiced medicine there until 1853, when he retired. Dr. Hamilton was born in Venango Co., Pa., and studied medicine with Dr. Gil- let, of Franklin County. Dr. Hamilton died August 1, 1879. Dr. W. S. Adams came to East Liberty in March, 184G; Dr. Adams died there in 1853. Dr. W. N. Unkifer came to East Liberty in March, 1873. He graduated at the Cincinnati Medical College. Dr. R. R. 2G4 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Smith came to East Liberty in 18T7, and has been there ever since; he graduated in Cin- cinnati Medical College. Joseph Canby, M. D., was born in Loudoun Co., Va.; he grad- uated in Rush Medical College. Philadoiphia, Pa.; he was a student of Dr. Daniel Drake; Dr. Canby came to Logan County in 1825; he located near the point where the village of De Graff now stands; he died in 1843, at the age of sixty-two years; his death was hast- ened, it is supposed, from a shock sustained from a stroke of lightning. Dr. Canby was a niaji of good attainments in his profession, and had, withal, uncommon energy and force of character. Dr. Good, a graduate of Jef- ferson Medical College, of I'hiladelphia, Pa., practiced medicine in Quincy, Logan County, from the year 183C to 1843. Samuel K. Leodom, M. D., graduated in Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Pa., ill 1839. Dr. L. located in Quincy in 1843, where he remained until his death, inl855. Drs. Morphead and Longfellow succeeded Dr. Leedom. Dr. Morchead practiced in several towns in Logan County, and died in Huntsville a few years ago. Dr. Longfellow is a graduate in medicine; after remaining in Quincj' a short time he removed to Fos- toria, Ohio, where he now lives. The following physicians appeared at var- ious times in Quincy: Dr. Barkerville, Dr, Hele, Dr. Landis, Dr. Edwards, Dr Lau<>-hton and Dr. Shafer. Practicing there now, are Dr. J. C. Lilly; he graduated at Cleveland Medical College, and came to Quincy in 1870. Dr. J. S. Hub- bell graduated in .'Starling Medical Colli'iro, in isl'l. lie resides in Quincy at this time. Dr. Moses L. Pratt studied medicine with Drs. F. lirooks and B. W. Pratt. He located in Quincy in 18G.3, where he is now. Dr. N. V. Spcecc is a graduate of Starling Medical College in 18G8. Dr. Speece is in active prac- tice in Quiiicv. F. M. Galer, M. D., graduated in Starling Medical College in 1807. He is practicing in De GraflF. R. S. Gilchrist was born in Knox Count}-, Ohio, August 5, 1823; received a literary and scientific education at Martins- burg Academy, and at Kenyon College. His medical preceptor was Prof. H. L. Thrall, AL D. He was in the college laboratory at Kenyon three years. He graduated in medi- cine at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853. He has partly retired in consequence of ill health. M. A. Koogler, M. D., graduated in medicine from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1874. He located in De Graff, where is now engaged in practice. Dr. D. W. Richardson graduated in medicine from Ohio Medical College in 1868. He practices his profession in De Graff. Dr. A. F. Matson graduated in Cleveland Medical College in 185G. He lo- cated in Logansville. Dr. M. entered the army as Assistant Surgeon of the 132nd O. N. G. He contracted a disease in the army of which he died April 9, 1807. J. C. Turner, M. D., attended lectures in Cincinnati, Ohio. He located in De Graff in 1850, and moved thence to Iowa. Dr. William Thomas settled in Logansville in 1840. After ten years he moved to Bellefontaiiie, where he died. Dr. William Reams was educated at Starling Medical College, in 1853. He has practiced in West Mansfield twenty-six years. Joshua A. Skidmoro graduated at Miami Medical College in 1808. He was with the army in Tennessee. Dr. Sam\iel Kerr practiced in North Greenfield from 1850 to 1853, where he died. Dr. E. Whittaker attended lectures in Miami .Me 4 ^^ HISTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY. CHAPTER V. EELIGIOCS HISTORY— PIONEER PREACHERS— SCHOOLS— STATISTICS— TUE NEWSPAPERS— THEIR ADVANTAGES— RAILROADS. IN this age of wonderful invention and im- provement, it is a difficult matter for the present generation to realize the inconven- iences under which the people labored who set- tled this country. Tiuir religious facilities were as limited as everything else connected with frontier life. No handsome cluirchos, with deep-toned bells and spires pointing heaven- ward, then dotted the land. But in each other's cabins, or beneath the shades of the forest trees, the pioneers mot to worship God according to the dictates of their own con- science. " The groves were God's first temples. Ere man learned To hew the shaft and lay the architrave, And spread the roof above them, — ere he framed The lofty vault, to gather and roll back The sound of anthems; in the darkling wood. Amidst the cool and silence, he knelt down, And ofl'cred to the Mightiest solemn thanks And supplications." In the years that have followed the advent of the Anglo-Sa.xon, changes and improve- ments have succeeded the primitive customs brought hiiher by them. We cannot worship to-day e.xccpt in magnificent teini)les, where our displays of style and dress are only equaled by our other fashionable resorts, where each of us try to outshine our neigh- bor. Our ministers, too, sleek in broadcloth, and pompous with high living, what a won- derful improvement they are upon such old- fashioned preachers as Russell Bigelow, Lo- renzo Dow, Joseph Thomas and Peter Cart- wright! Religion itself, we sometimes con- clude, is like everything else we have at the \Ms present day — slightly adulterated, and not to be compared to that proclaimed by the Master 1800 years ago. But we will not trace the contrast further. It may be that we entertain some old fogy ideas upon the subject that are obsolete and not to be tolerated in this ad- vanced age. The precise date of organization of the first church society in Logan County can not be obtained with certainty. Antrim's his- tory of the county mentions a church estab- lished by the Quakers at Goshen, in Jeffer- son Township, in 1807. As early as 1813 a Methodist Church was built in Zane Township. The Tharp's Run Baptist Church one mile west of Zanesfield, was established in 1819, and others followed in rapid succession in different parts of the county. Logan County in its early da3's was honored by the visits of some of the great pioneer preachers and divines of the time. Russell Bigelow, the Methodist Evangelist, so well known in Central Ohio fifty years ago, used to preach in this county. He is described as a man small in stature, and " homely almost to deformity." When he arose before a con- gregation to preach, " he would lay his prem- ises as carefully as a skillful general would ar- range his forces for battle; he would compre- hend the obstacles to be overcome; see that his forces were sufficient; everj- officer in his place; men and munitions all properly ar- ranged, and then the word given, shell and shot, small and large arms, grape and canis- ter, as though the heavens and earth were com- ing together, and in the consternation would 4- " * ■ ^ 274 HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. charge biu-onets, and coin])lete the destruc- tion." Such is the description given of one of the most reniarlcable preachers of his day, by oite who knew him and heard him preach. *" The White Pilgrim" was another of the early preachers who sometimes proclaimed the '• glad tidings" to the pioneers of Logan County. His true name was Joseph Thomas, and he was known far and wide by his white dross, which he used to say w-as typical of the "robes of the saints in glory." A noted evangelist, he traveled throughout the west- ern country, preaching salvation "without money and without price." How many thou- sands of people, young and old, have read those beautiful lines, entitled "The "White Pilgrim." They were composed by Rev. J. Ellis, and dedicated to the Rev. Joseph Thomas. We remember singing the lines, in our boyhood days, at Sunday School : *' I cnmc to llic spot where the while pilgrim lay, And pensively stood by liis tomb, When in a low whisper I heard something say, ' How sweetly 1 sleep here alone.' " And wondorod who the " White Pilgrim " was, and where he lay. Here in Logan Coun- ty' we learn his history; that he used to preach here fifty years ago, and that when his earthly labors were ended, he was laid away to calmly sleep in the village Cemetery at Johnsonburgh, Warren Co., N. J., "where a beautiful Italian marble monument marks the spot where the White Piljrrim lays." As early as 1S17, Rev. John Strange preached at the cabins of the early settlers. We hear of one of these early meetings at the house of Mr. Curtis, in Belleville, a little vil- lage that was in existence before the birth of Bellefontaine. Rev. Joshua Inskeep was a local Methodist preacher in the east part of the county. R^-v. John Gutridgo was a n:tp- tist preacher and among the early setllcrs of • William Ilnllcr. Zanesfiold, where he organized the Tharp's Run Baptist Church already mentioned. Camp meetings were common in the early history of the count}-. The following is from a pioneer reminiscence of Union Township: "One year there was a camp meeting held on the place of Lodman E. Spry, at which there were a large number of Shawnee and Delaware In- dians — some all the way from Sandusky. Their encampment was back of the preach- ers' stand. They seemed to enjoy the meet- ing as well as the whites, and were quite as orderly. Some of them were beautiful sing- ers, and would get very happy at the night meetings." It will doubtless be a matter of interest to many to know that the renowned but eccen- tric Lorenzo Dow once preached in Bellefont- aine. lie was making the journey from San- dusky City south, and preached every day while on his journey. The following account of his visit to this county is from Antrim's His- tory: "It seemed that Lorenzo had sent an appointment to preach at Bellefontaine at 11 o'clock of the day that he expected to arrive there. About the appointed time he arrived at Bellefontaine, riding in Phineas Hunt's wagon. I am informed that the people were looking earnestly for him. Judge N. Z. Mc- Colloch and others met the wagon in which ■was Lorenzo, and inquired, 'Is Mr. Dow here?' he said, ' Yes, my name is Dow.' .Judge Mc- CoUoch then kindly invited him to his house and eat dinner, as there was sufficient time before the hour of meeting. Without saying a word, Lorenzo directed the driver to go south a little farther, where he alighted from the wagon and laid under the shade of a small tree, and took some bread and meat from his pocket and ate his dinner in that way. Soon meeting time came, and thiTo was, of course, a large atti'iidance. In tiie cour^^e of his ser- mon, Lorenzo pointed to an old laily and said: ^! HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. 275 ' Old lady, if you don't quit tattling and slaiv dering your neighbors the devil will get you.' Pointing directly at her, he said, 'I am talk- ing to you!' There was a young man in the meeting that Lorenzo probably thought need- ed reproof; he said: ' Young man, you esti- mate yourself a great deal higher than other people estimate you, (the same might be said of a great many young men of the present day); and if you don't quit your high notions and do better, the devil will get you tool' Passing out of the meeting he met a young man and said to him, ' Young man, the Lord has a work for you to do. He calls you to labor in His vineyard.' It is said that young man became a minister of the Gospel. I think the meeting in Bellofontaine was held on the seventh day, or on Saturday. After the meet- ing he came with Phineas Hunt to his house in Salem Township, Champaign County. Another of the eccentric preachers of pio- neer times was old "Father Plopkins," who lived in Champaign County, and sometimes came up and preached in what is now Logan County. Dressed in tow-linen breeches and tow-linen shirt, barefoot and bareheaded, he would preach with great power, and was very popular with the people. AVe might go on, however, and enumerate instance after in- stance of the pioneer preachers; how they preached from house to house, when there were no church buildings, and no railroads to carry them to their appointments; how their zeal for their Master's work prompted them to face the storms of winter and the heat of summer, and ride for miles oa horseback through the pathless forests, swimming the streams, to fill their appointments, but deem it unnecessary. Our aged readers who were here fifty years ago, will readily recall the truthful pictures. The present generation' have far more extensive church privileges than did the early settlers of the country. Logan County is well supplied with hand- some church edifices, not only in everj' town- ship, but in every neighborhood, and in the township histories which follow, they will be written up more fully than we can do it in this chapter. The early schools of the county next I claim attention. The right of the State to maintain the free school system is founded upon the idea that where "ignorance predom- inates vice and crime are its inseparable con- comitants," and that by education the " masses will be elevated, society benefited, offenses lessened, and good government promoted." But the main incentive to its establishment in Ohio was the great necessity that efficiency be infused into the cause of education, and the awakening of the people to an apprecia- tion of its imjiortance. Many old and deep- rooted prejudices against it existed in the State, one of which was taxation for this purpose. This prejudice had to be eradicated, the judgment of men as to its power and rightfulness was to be convinced, ignorant parents were to be enlightened, and teachers of the requisite qualifications and earnestness obtained. A writer upon the school laws of Ohio says: " The nest-egg of the free school system of Ohio was laid by the Legislature of 1834-25, the same that inaugurated the canal policy of the State. Previous to that time, in 1831, a law passed allowing the people to unite, if they felt inclined to do so, in building school- houses and employing teachers. The law of 1825 made it compulsory.' The first law said the people may; the second law said they musf. It commanded a tax to be levied for school purposes. Its title was ' An act to provide for the support and regulation of Common Schools.' This was during the presidential administration of James Monroe, when parties had disbanded and, of course. s 4. 276 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. there was no party in it. It is impossible at this day to realize the fixed and bitter oppo- sition to the law. The father of the writer was in the Legislature and voted for the law, and although sustained for the active part he took in tlie passage of the canal law, which traversed nearly the length of this county, he was badly beaten for a re-election. The tax payers would not support him because the law compelled them to support '■ pauptr schools^ and the poorer classes because he voted to make 'pauper scholars' of their children. The law alluded to in the above extract as passed in 1824-25 was altered every session until it seejned to be a perfect chaos, none being able to explain its provisions. Adjoin- ing districts were often found acting under ditferent laws. On the assembling of the Legislature in 1S52, Gov. "Wood in his message, strongly urged a thorough revision of the law on common schools. Upon the adoption of the new Constitution about this time a school law was finally passed, which with some further amendments and improve- ments has given to Ohio the verj' liberal and j)erfect school law of tiie j)resent day. The first schoolhouscs in Logan County, as in all otlier new counties, were built, of logs, and were very rude cabins at that. They have been so often described in pioneer sketches, that a description here is unneces- sary ; tliey were very different from the com- fortable and commodious schoolhouses of the prisent day. The first school in the county was, perha|)S, taught in the old log Quaker Church, built in 18U7, and whicii stood about a mile from Middleburg. Who was the first teacher then we did not learn, but did loarn that a school was taught there very early. George F. liuiin, we are told, taught the first school in B'-'llefontaine, or Lake Township. Dr. Thomas Cciwgill gives the following sketch of a school taught about a mile from his father's, who lived near the town of East Liberty: "During tiie winter of 1817-18, a school' was taught by the late Judge Daniel Baldwin, about one mile south of our house, in a house similar to our dwelling, except there were some joists and an ujiper floor. This school' was largely attended by the young men and women of the neighborliood — a num- ber of them coming four miles to school. There were at least ten young men attending this school over six feet high and large in proportion, and weighing about 200 pounds each. There were about the same number of young women attending this school; verily there were giants in those days. And those large and tall young men exhibited more signs of humility than some of the smaller scholars, for in walking across the floor, they must bow, or they would bump their heads against the joists every time. Anumberofthese young men and women were in their spelling books ; the young women were neatly clothed in home-spun, mostly the work of their own hands. Their educational privileges seemed to be poor,' yet they were highly favored of nature ; they were fair and comely, and I never beheld a more beautiful company of young ladies. The school books consisted of Webster's Sjielling Hook, Lindley Murray's Works, the Introductory English Ik'eadcr, Se- quel, and the New Testament, with Walsh's and Pike's Arithmetic. I think there was no one studying English Grammar or Geography. I have taken some note of the subsequent history of the young men and women who at- tended this school, ^^'ith a few exceptions they have all gone to the house appointed for the living, and with the exception of one or two prodigals, they all did well in life, were mostly bright ornaments to society, lived useful lives, and died resj)ectcd and la- mented.'' In Boke's Creek neighborhood, one Simpson ^- HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 277 Hariman was an early teacher, and is said to have taught them some twenty years alto- gether. But our space will not allow a full description of all these early schools. Like the churches, they will be given in the histo- ries of their respective townships. We will add a few statistics for the benefit of those interested in schools, which are taken from the State Commissioner's last report. Amount received within the year: Balance on hand Sept. 1,1878 $47,?.58 12 Slate lax 12,713 57 Irreducible school fund 1,094 84 Local tax for school and school house pur- poses 47,1G8 00 Fines, licenses, and from other sources 822 98 Total $109,757 57 AMOUNT. EX PEXDKD. Amount paid teacher.s $38,415 53 Managing and superintending 1,9.50 00 Sites and buildings 12,493 74 Other expenditures 21,028 12 Total $73,887 39 Balance on hand September 1, 1879 35,470 18 Amount paid to counties 12,558 00 Amount received fioracouniics 13,749 30 Excess of receipts from counties 1,191 30 Population of Logan county in 1870 23,028 ■Enumeration of Logan county in 1879 8,406 Per cent of population in 1879 36 Number of townships in Logan county 17 Number of subdivisions 120 Number of separate districts 9 Number of school houses erected within the year 4 Cost of same §!11,601 00 Number of school houses in Logan county 133 Total value of school property 130,323 00 NUMBER OF TEACHERS. Primary — Male , 107 Female 127 Total 234 KCMBER OF PUPll.S EMIOI.LED. Townships — Primary — Alalos 2,330 Females 1,930 Total 2,099 Separate districts — Primary — Males 837 Females.... 881 High — Males 175 Females .... 206 Separate districts — Primary — Males 3 Females 30 High— Males 8 Females 2 Total Gland Total AVERAGE WAGES OF TEACHERS PER MONTH Township.s — Primary — Males Females High — Males Separate disti'icts — Primary — Males Females High— Male Females 4o 277 .?34 00 24 00 45 00 63 00 33 00 61 00 47 00 Total. Grand Total. 4,266 G,365 AVERAGE DAILY ATTEXDAXCE. Townships — Primary — Males 1,226 Females 1,105 Total Separate districts — Primary — M.ales 524 Females 558 High— Males 114 Females... 142 :,33i Total Grand Total. COLORED AXU PRIVATE SCHOOLS. Teachers employed in township colored schools Teachers employed in separate district colored schools , Teachers employed in sc|)aratc district private schools 3,609 2 1 Total , jj? 27S HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. PUPILS ENROLLED IN COLOBBD SCHOOLS. Townships — Mnles (55 Females 70 Total 135 Separate districts — Males 42 Females 31 Total 73 Grand Total 208 An educational institutic n, known as Geneva College, located at the little village of North- wood, and recently removed to Pennsylvania, entertained in its day a high reputation as a seat of learning; but as its history will be more fully given in that of the village and township whnrc it was located, we will not go into details here. A few extracts from the State Commission- er's last report, which we deem of considera- ble importance, may be a])propriately given. He saj's: " As the pupil masters words and their meanings, he is getting into his posses- sion the tools with which he may dig in books for further knowledge, make his own knowl- edge more useful to him as a social being, and secure a body for his thoughts, without which incarnation ihoyarc as little subject to con- trol as the weird fancies of a dream. " The art of silent reading deserves more attention in school — practice in grasping the meaning of n passage in the shortest possible time, and re])roducing it with pen or tcinguej Hut ailing with this, in its earlier stages, and for a short lime j)recediiig it, is the oral read- ing exercise, wherein the reader must serve as eyes to the listeners, so that they may, through his voice, xce the printed page. How much inspiration is there in this work when each li8t<-ner has the page before his own eyes! The translation of a written sentence into a s])(>kf'n sentence is much more than the mere translation, in their right order, of the words of the written sentence; and to do this well requires, besides tho names of the writ- ten characters, culture of voice, training of eye, quickening of emotion. To serve as a medium through which others may know the printed page, catching its syllables upon the ear, is not low art. To breathe life into dead words, and to send them into the depths of the moral and intellectual nature of the hear- er, and that with jjower to convince, to arouse, to subdue, greater than if the hearer had been his own interpreter, is high art indeed. * * "Another language lesson of great value is committing to memory — learning by heart, well phrases it — choice selections, gems of thought and expression, culled from the best writings of the best writers. These should be judiciously selected, so as not to be too much beyond tlie easj' comjjrehension of the pupil. They should, above all other requisites, be pure, healthful, inspiring. The teacher should add interest to the work by relating incidents in the life of the authors. We know with what tenacitj- the memory clings to the simple rhymes learned in childhood. If this work be continued as it should be, who can den\' its lasting cflects upon life? A refined taste and quickened intellect may bo hoped for as the result of drinking in and assimilating beauti- ful thoughts in chaste, musical language — words of warning or of approval, flashed by the memory upon the judgment in the time of temptation, of resistance thereto. " One very good result of increased atten- tion to literature in the schools, is the marked increase in the amount of wholesome reading — history, biographj-, travels, poetry, popular science, and the lessened demand for dime novels and other low fiction. Few questions are, in their bearing upon the future of our country, more important than this: ' "What are the Iwijs and girls rcadiiKj? ' 1 would not have less time spent in our schools upon lan- guage, but teachers may well look into the subject and see whether that time is spent to the best advantage. ^^-y^ c^y^j/i'^r IS k^ .k HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 2S1 " The public regard arithmetic, par excel- lence, as the practical study. It is the prac- tical educator's strong tower, and we have it taught in season and out. The nine digits seem to have taken the place of the heathen gods, and their demand for offerings know no cessation. Measured by any definition of the practical, as a means either to fit one directly for bread-getting in the common business of life, or as a means for mental culture and dis- cipline, a large part of arithmetic, as found in our books and taught from them, falls short. Instead of introducing at an early stage the science of geometry, we fritter away valuable time upon annuities and allegation and pro- gressions; and as for interest, one would think that mankind in general made a living by sqaving each other's notes. Children begin early to develop the science of numbers. It concerns matters of their daily life. The ele- mental steps of writing and reading numbers, or the symbols of numbers, naturally follow, and usually are not difficult of acquirement. But there is such a gap between the condi- tions needed for the ready learning of these things, and the more mature judgment, and that knowledge of business and the world, de- manded in the intelligent solution of ordina- rily difficult problems in discount, and certain other branches of applied arithmetic. Back and forth across this stretch the boy's mind must swing like a pendulum, repelled bv what it cannot comprehend, and by what it has grown tired of. He marks time when he could so readily oblique into some other study, and march forward. Then, by and by, if these advanced oarts of arithmetical science are needed, their acquisition would be easy. Meanwhile, the child may give increased at- tention to literature and be learning interest- ing and profitable lessons about this world into which he has come, and in what body he came, and how to take care of it. While these priceless practical lessons are in pro- gress, one can fancy that the arithmetic itself would enjoy the rest. " In the time which can be saved, also a few short steps could be taken in some other branches now much neglected. The reason for and the practical mode of doing many things which are to be done in real life by the citizen, the man of business, the manager of a household, might be taught in the schools. Something of the nature of the materials which we eat, drink and wear, and economy in the buying and using, would be excellent lessons. If he is a benefactor of mankind who causes two blades of grass to grow where one grew before, the language does not fur- nish a name for him or her who shall cause the laboring man to know how to make one dollar produce the good results for which he must now expend two. No matter whether we re- gard the school as established primarily for the good of the children, or for the preservation of the State, we must admit that the most valuable result of all education is the building of good characters. This, to speak definitely, is to instill correct principles and train in right habits. Citizens with these 'constitute a State.' Men and women with these are in possession of what best assures rational hap- piness, the end and aim of human life. Pure sentiments, generous promptings, love for God and man, should be the fruits of a liberal edu- cation. If the child grows into this inheri- tance, he has riches which he can keep and yet give away, which he will carrj^ out of the world yet leave behind, to build his noblest monument. These truths aid in forming an idea of what a teacher should be." A few words in conclusion of the school history on " Compulsory Education " may not be out of place, it is a subject that is re- ceiving considerable attention in many parts of the country at this time. Referrinjr to it. nts desire their children to attend school regularly, but ])arental authority is too weak to secure that end. The instances are not few ill which ])ari>nts would welcome aid in this matter, knowing that truancy is often the first step in a path leading through the dark mazes of idleness, vagabondage and crime. " Whatever may be said of young children working in mills or factories, youthful idlers upon the streets of towns and cities, should be gathered up by somebody and compelled to do sonifthing. If they learn notliing else, there will be at least this salutary lesson, that society is stronger than they, and, without in- juring them, will use its strength to protect itself. While we are establishing reform schools for those who have started in the way til their own ruin and have donned the uni- form of the enemies of civil society, it would be a heavenly importation to provide some way to rescue those who are yet only linger- ing around the camp." The newspaper and the printing-press of the present day constitute one of the most important features of the time, and of the country. The daily paper, by the aid of the telegraph, which connects all points of civili- zation like spider-webs, gives us to-day all the news that transpired yesterday in the ut- termost parts of the earth. The decrees of the autocrat at St. Petersburg, the diplo- matic strokes of Bismarck, or the w-onianly wisdom of the English Queen are known to us, almost as soon as to their own subjects. And the county press, the faithful exponent of the county's interest, is the intellectual cri- terion for the masses, and the most popular channel of general information. It is also a true record of the county's history; the very advertisements in local ])apers eventually be- come historical facts, and it is to be regretted that so few persons seem to appreciate the value and importance of their county \y.i- pers. Said Daniel Webster: " I care not how small and unpretending a newspaper may be, every issue contains something that is worth the subscription price." And to-day journalism is recognized as a power in the land, a power before whicli the evil-doer and the corrupt official stand in awe. The legiti- mate press, holding as it does this acknowl- edged position, its historj' forms an interest- inn- and worthy part of the history of the county. The first newspaper published in Logan County was by Joshua Kiil)b, who started a paper in Bellefontaine in 1830. There is at this day, some question as to the name of this first paper. However, ho did not long con- tinue its publication, but was succeeded by Iliram B. Strother, who is described as a writer, who "paid less attention to the beau- ties of rhetoric than to the desire of bringing his statements witliin the comprehension of his renders." Strother changed the name of the patier to the Bellefontaine (I'f/zette mid Lofjiin County Advertiser, ^^'illiam Penn Clark succeeded Mr. Strother, and published \ 'a ^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COtJXTY. 283 the paper several years. Clark was an able writer, and finally went to Iowa where he be- came distinguished in politics. Two or three Other changes occurred in the ownership of the Gazette when it became the property of Judge Lawrence. In 1845 he engaged Wil- liam Hubbard to take editorial control, and in 1S47 Mr. Hubbard purchased the paper of Judge Lawrence ; after his purchas(! of the paper, his brother, Thomas Hubbard, who was also a printer, went into partnership with William Hubbard, and together, they conduct- ed the paper until 1854: as a Whig organ; they sold it then to Judge West, who es- poused the Know-Nothing cause. The Hub- bards sometime after bought back the paper, and in 1856 came out for Buchanan for Pres- ident, since then it has been an organ of the Democratic party. In 1863 it was discon- tinued for a time, and its editor, Thomas Hub- bard, was connected with the Dayton Daily Umpire, but returned in a year or two to Bellefontaine and re-established the Gazette. In 1870 he sold it to William P. Cotter, but bought it back again in a short time and changed its name to the Examiner, under which name it is still published. It is the Democratic paper of the count}-, and is on a sound basis financially. Mr. Hubbard, its ed- itor, is a veteran in the business, and an able and forcible writer. The following of Wil- liam Hubbard, one of the oldest editors of Logan County, and one who has passed away, was written by Judge William Lawrence: "Early in the year 1833, he took his first lesson in the ' art preservative of all arts,' the printing business, in the office of the Logan Gazette, a newspaper then edited and conducted in Belle- fontaine by Hiram 13. Strother. Here he served with fidelity, and skill, and industry, for seven years, when early in 1839, he be- came the publisher of the paper, and contin- ued as such for a period of six montiis. Dur- ing all this time, as, indeed, in the years which followed, he employed his leisure mo- ments in developing his literary taste, and in the profound study of the best writers of prose and poetry. In the summer of 1841, he be- gan his career as a school-teacher in a district near his native vilhige, in one of the ever- memorable, universal ' Peo])les' Colleges' of the times, the 'log schoolhouse." In this useful, but perplexing and ill-paid capacity, he continued most of his time until the fall of 1845. Meantime, in 1841, he had determined to study the profession of the law, and for that purpose became the student of Benjamin F. Stanton & AYilliam Lawrence, attorneys in Bellefontaine ; his studies were somewhat in- terrupted bj' his duties as teacher, and by his literary pursuits, j'et as he had made it a rule of his life never to do anything imperfectly, he was not admitted to the bar until he had become a thoroughly well-read lawyer, in the year 1846. " In the fall of 1845 Mr. Hubbard became editor of the Logan Gazette, ?a\(S. occupied that position for a number of years, but he is now the able and accomplished editor of the N^orth Tl'es^ published at Napoleon, Henry County, Ohio.* As a political writer he has a wide and deservedly high re])utation. Notwith- standing his duties as an editor, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Logan County in 1848, and again in 1850, and in that capacity served with skill and ability for four years, when he declined a re-election. In 1858 Mr. Hubbard received the nomination of the po- litical party to which he belongs as its candi- date for Congress. He could scarcely hope for success in a district largely opposed to him politically, but, though defeated, his vote was highly complimentary. In debates and addresses in that canvas he added much to a local reputation as an orator. Early love of books, a warm imagination, cultivated by *Mr. Hubbard has died since-the writing of the above arti- cle b'5' Judge Lawrence.— Ed. [X " 284 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. study, and by the beautiful sceuery of the fer- tile valley of the Mad Kiver, with a heart full of pathos and ardor, all contributed to ' Wake to ecstacy the living lyre,' and turn his thoughts into eloquence and poetry. His first published poetical productions were in January, 1858. We have never known a writer with so much genius and so little os- tentation. He has never sought, but has always shunned notoriety. His poetical writ- ings, if collected, would make a good-sized volume." Besides the Logan Gazette and JVorfh TVest, spoken of above, Mr. Hubbard edited at dif- ferent times the Dayton Daily Empire, the Marion Democrat and the Bucyrus Forum. Many of his poems have been published in the " Poets and Poetry of the West " and "American Poets," two highly popular works of the time. Some of his ballads during the war were quoted in all parts of the country, and one was incorporated in the impeachment trial of Andrew .lohnion, which appeared in BlackwooeVa Magazine, published in Edin- burg, Scotland. The Bellefontaine Republican is the next oldest newspaper in the county to the Gazette. It was established in 1854 by .James Walker and .Judge W. H. West. Six months later the firm became Samuel Walker, L. S. PowoU and Martin Barringer, and so continued for about one year, when Samuel Walker bought out Powell & Barringer, and concluded it alone until about the j-ear 1859. L. D. Reynolds, now of Dayton, then bought it, and had charge of until 1802, when it again passed into the hands of Samuel and .James Walker. In the fail of 1864 they sold a two-thirds interest to D. R. Locke (Petroleum V. Nasby), who, in January, 1865, sold to J. Q. A. Campbell, the present proprietor. As will be seen, the Jie- j)uhlican has been edited by some able men, aside from its present eflicient editor. It is the leading Republican organ in the county, and, under its present able management, has attained a circulation, weekly, of over 2,000. It is a large, four-page, nine-column paper, and, in mechanical execution, presents a good appearance. The Logan County Index dates its origin back to 1859. In that year a man named Gribbell started a paper in the county, Re- j)ublican in politics, which he called the Press. He sold it to A. R. Hobert, who owned it for some time, and had as an editor, P. L. Hooper After numerous changes in the proprietorship and one or two intervals in which publication was suspended, the name of the paper, in April, 1876, was changed from the Press to the Index, and in August, 1876, it was purchased by Mr. J. H. Bowman, who has been its editor ever since. Mr. Bowman began his editorial career in the Centennial year, and if he continues it until the next American Centennial, he will be a veteran editor. In July, 1879, W. S. Roebuck bought an interest, and since then the paper has been in charge of Meesrs. Bow- man & Roebuck. It is a folio, eight columns to a j)age, and is Republican in politics. There have been several papers established in West Liberty — some of them years ago. Alnong them were the West Liberty Jiitdget, lianner. Press, Independent, and perhaps others. If the history of all these papers could be written, together with that of their different editors, it would make an interesting chapter. But our space is limited, and the briefest mention is all that we can make. These papers were ably edited, but their careers, generally, were short. They flourished for a season — swept over the scene "like un- tamed meteors, flashed, darted and fizzled," and then went out. The West Liberty Gazette is their succes- sor, or rather, it has risen out of their ashes. The Gazette is now reeling off its fourth -^"Uy* ■ ^ " '{^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 285 volume, and is edited and published by H. W. Hamilton, Esq., a young man of energy and enterprise, and a good writer. The De Graff Banner was established in 1871, by D. S. Spellman, who sometime after- ward sold it to W. A. Graffort. He conduct- ed it for a while, and sold it, and after several changes in ownership, it again passed into the hands of its old proprietor and founder, Mr. Sjjellman, who changed the name to the Buckeye, and still publishes it under that name. It is a sprightly and readable paper, and is neat and attractive in appearance. A few words on those who have passed from the editorial stage of Logan County are not inappropriate in this connection. Besides Wil- liam Hubbard, who has already been noticed, there was Donn Piatt, the distinguished jour- nalist and model correspondent; Coates Kin- ney, the author and poet; Hon. William H. West, the scholarly writer; Samuel T. Walk- er, vigorous in style; .Judge William Lawrence, able and logical; Dr. Thomas L. Wright, smooth and easy, and still a contributor to medical journals; D. R. Locke, and many other lesser lights, who are still remembered. These gentlemen have all, at sometime, been connected with the Logan County press. Some of them are still residents of the county, but have retired from editorial life. Donn Piatt, as a journalist and correspondent, has a fame that will live long after he has laid down the pen forever. As editor of the Mack- achack Press, and the Washington corre- spondent of the Cincinnati Commercial, and later as the editor of the Capitol, a weekly paper published in Washington city, won a wide reputation both at home and abroad. Mr. Kinney was at one time the editor of the West Liberty Banner, and an occasional con- tributor to the Logan Gazette, and w ithal a poet of considerable talent. Judge West, Dr. Wright, and Judge Lawrence, are well- known throughout the country, and are writers of acknowledged merit. Their only fault is in not contributing more than they do to the literature of the time. Mr. Walker, formerly editor of the Bellefontaine Repub- lican, and afterward of the Council Bluffs (Iowa) Daily Nonpareil, was an able writer. D. R. Locke (Petroleum V. Nasby), also a former editor of the Bellefontaine Republic- an, is well-known. The merits of the editorial fraternity who are still in the harness, we leave to some future historian to record. Familiar by per- sonal experience, with the proverbial modes- ty of newspaper men, we refrain from speak- ing of this worth and excellence to their faces. The veteran Hubbard, the able and experienced Campbell, the accomplished Bow- man, the sprightly Hamilton and the efficient Spellman, are laborers in the field of journal- ism, whose work is not yet finished. And when they have laid down the pen, it will be time enough to mete out to them the tribute of praise they have won.. Another interesting chapter in the history of our country is the origin and progress and perfection of the railroad system. Says a late writer upon the subject : "Among the social forces of the modern world, the railroad holds unquestionably the first place. There is not a single occupation or interest which it has not radically affected. Agriculture, manu- factures, commerce, city and country life, banking, finance, law, and even government itself, have all felt its influence. But espe- cially has the railroad been a potent influence in providing the material organization for the diffusion of culture among the people, and thus preparing the conditions for a new step in the social progress of the world." This is putting it in rather strong terms, but no more so than the subject demands, perhaps. The great change wrought in all the business I? »^ -rf 9 28G HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. affairs of life by the railroad system is almost be\'ond the power of the mind to comprehend. The first railrotuls in the world wercl)uilt in Enpfland. We have an account of a railroad made of wooden rails in the collieries in the North of Ensrland nearly two centuries before the introduction of the locomotive. Upon these, cars or wagons were drawn by horses or mules, and they were used in hauling coal from the mines. As early as 1794 the use of the locomotive, in the place of animal power, was suggested, but no locomotive seems to have been constructed until 1S05. They did not come into practical use, however, until 1830, upon the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. The United States, not to be outdone by the Mother Country, built a railroad in 1827, from the granite quarics of Quincy, Mass., to the Neponsot River, a distance of thrccmiles. This road was operated by horse-power, and was the first railroad built upon the American Continent. During the same year a railroad was laid out from the Mauch Chunk coal mines of Pennsylvania to the Lehigh River, a distance of nine miles. In 1S28 a railroad was constructed by the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company, from their coal mines to Honesdale, aeid it sent a commissioner to England to purchase rails and locomotives. These locomotives arrived in the spring of 1829, and were the first used in this country. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad was com- menced in 182S, and in the early jiart of the the same year the South Carolina Railroad was chartered by the Legislature of that State. This road hjus always clniincd for it itself, that it was the first railroad in the country undertaken with the intention of using steam power. It extended from Charles- ton to Hamburg, and the first locomotive ever built in this country, and which was finished at the West Point foundry December 9, 1830, was built purposely for it. This lo- comotive was called the " Best Friend," and was constructed under the supervision of E. L. Miller, who was a strong advocate of steam power at a time when its success was still problematical. It was accepted by the com- pany lor which it was built, and "performed with entire success," says the railroad com- missioner in his report, " until the next sum- mer, without a single day's interruption, when the negro who acted as fireman, being incom- moded by the unpleasant noise of the steam escaping through the safetj'- valve, ventured on the experiment of confining it by pressing the weight of his body on the lever gauge of the safety-valve, which experiment resulted in the explosion of the boiler." Slowly and with much precaution did the people of this country take hold of railroads. In .lanuary, 1832, it was reported that there were nineteen railroads, either completed or in process of construction in the United States, and that their aggregate length was nearly 1,400 miles. Though Congress afforded no material aid in this new era of internal improvements, yet this same year it exemj)ted from duty the iron imported for railways and inclined planes, and atcually used for their construction. In 1840 it has been estimated that our yearly average of railroad construc- tion was about 500 miles. In 1850 this average had increased to 1,500 miles. In ISOO it was nearly 10,000, and in 1871 it was stated that enterprises ro(]uiriiig an expendi- ture of §800,000,000, and involving the con- struction of 20,000 miles of railroad were in actual process of accom])lishmcnt. In 1872 the aggregate capital of the railroads of the United States, which were estimated to em- brace one-half the railroads of the world, was stated to amount to the enormous sum of §3,159,423,057, their gross revenue being *473,241,055. Fl-5 — ^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 287 The following items in the history of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad will doubtless be read with interest by those well acquainted with that (at the present day) great railroad corporation. In July, 1832, this startling publication was made: " Many passengers and large quantities of freight pass daily on the railroad to and from Baltimore to the Point of Rocks on the Potomac, at which lat- ter place a new village is being built very rapidly. The entire journey ' out and home,' 140 miles, is now made in seventeen continuous hours, giving a;mple time to view the Point of Rocks, one of the most agreeable excursions that can be made in the country, and on many accounts highly interesting." Soon after the above was published, the following notice was made of its earnings: " The receipts for trav- eling and transportation on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad for the six months, ending the 31st of August, 1832, exceeded $108,000. The receipts during the same period last year did not quite amount to $90,000; the increase was, therefore, about $18,000, being an aver- age of §3,000 per month." The receipts of this great trunk line Lave increased somewhat since the foregoing record was made. Now it is one of the greatest and richest railroad companies in the United States, and has its branches and connections to all important points. By way of illustrating the rapid and giant strides of the railroad system, we give the fol- lowing in the history of the Union Pacific Railroad, which might, without violence to the subject, be termed the very perfection of the system. The event, though probably still fresh in the minds of many, will, no doubt, in after years, become one of more than passing interest. The bill for building the Union Pacific Railroad was signed by President Lin- coln on the first day of July, 1862, and on the same day he issued a call for 300,000 men to fight the battles of the Union. The idea of building the road was suggested by the gen- erally felt necessity of a closer communica- tion between the distant parts of the country. By the terms of the grant to the Union Pa- cific, the whole line, from the Missouri River to the Bay of Sacramento, was to bo com- pleted not later than July 1, 1876. The road was, however, completed, and the last tie — of polished laurel wood bound with silver bands — laid May 10, 1869, and fastened with a gold spike furnished by California, a silver one fur- nished by Nevada, and one of a mixture of gold, silver and iron furnished by Arizona. This cer- emony took place near the head of the Great Salt Lake, where the roads — the Central Pa- cific, chartered by California, and the Union Pacific, starting from the Missouri River — met. It was the culmination of the period of railroad growth, and had a poetry about it that was sublime and grand. By a precon- certed arrangement the wires of the telegraph had been connected with the sledge used to drive the last spike, and the intelligence that the country had been spanned by the railroad was known at the instant of its accomplish- ment, at San Francisco and New York. But to return to the early railroad history. As the system of railroads developed in the older settled States of the East, the Western people caught the " internal improvement " fever, and, with a high and laudable ambition to give to their own States a full share of those advantages which were adorning their elder sisters, they voted away millions of money for the construction of railroads and canals. Legislatures responded to the ardent messages of their Governors in a liberal man- ner, by chartering such a number of roads as to literally checker the map of their States. They saw nothing but the most prosperous times ahead, and the system of financiering that was inaugurated had well nigh, in the V 288 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. end, impoverished the entire country. Who, that was livini Comity Ga- zette of April 24, 1847, has the following notice of this company : " A detachment of thirty-six men, of Company A, Fifteenth Regiment of United States Infantry, under command of First Lieutenant John B. Miller, and Second Lieutenant William R. Stafford, volunteers, en- listed at recruiting rendezvous at Bellefont- aine,left our village orr Wednesday for the seat of war. They proceeded to Dayton, thence to Cincinnati, etc." * * * * fj^g follow- ing are the names of those of the detachment from this county : First and Second Lieuten- ants, Bellefontaine; David Carman, Bellefont- aine; Joel Ansell,Bel!fontaine; Stephen Camp- bell, Bellefontaine; Thaddeus Cook, Middle- burg; Joshua Culvin, Cherokee; F. Davenport, Middleburg; Michael Duck, Bellefontaine; Samuel Dunham, Bellefontaine; Samuel Ed- sal, Bellefontaine; Isaac Grimes,County; Rich- ard Humphrey, Middleburg; Samuel Hill, Bellefontaine; John Hibbitts, Cherokee; Hen- ry Houtz, Bellefontaine; Thomas Kennedy, Bellefontaine; John McCoubry, County; L. Penrod, County; Thomas Rogan, Bellefon- taine; Alexander Sutherland, Bellefontaine; Chas. Stewart, Bellefontaine; Joseph Stratton, County; John Robertson, County; W^illiam Wheeler, Cherokee; J. W. Caldwell, Belle- fontaine; William Royer, William Allen, An- drew Hamilton and James Kennedy, County. A few others were in the company from the adjoining counties. From the above list it will be seen that V ~Il^ 294 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. Logan County was pretty well represented in tlie Mexican war. These gallant young men maintained well the valor inherited from their Ri'volutionary ancestors. We are miahle to give, in detail, their history during their term of service. It is enough to say that they were Ohio soldiers. The history of the war wuth Mexico was one long series of triumphs of the American arms, and is so familiar to the readers of American history, as to require no further mention in these pages. Less than a decade and a half passed, and again the country was involved in war, but this time no foreign foe opposed us. In 18G1 the Great Rebellion assumed a definite shape, and a civil war of the most astoundinjj maec- nitude — a civil war such as the world had never known, followed. The rival houses of York and Lancaster, with their emblems of "White" and "Red," shook old England to her center, filling her houses with mourning, her fields with carnage, and wasting the blood of her bravest and best; but comjiared to our " war between the States," it was but a child's jilay. Much of the history of our civil war has never been written — it never can be writ- ti'u. Thfiugh an inspired historian were to dip his |)cn in the "gloom of earth()uake and eclipse," lie could not write a true history of those four long and gloomy years, when, neither " upon the earth, nor in the skv, nor in the air, were to be seen an omen " of less unhappy times. But the war-cloud passed, and that whii-h had appeared a withering curse in the lanii, developed into a blessing, and eventually the lionds of union l)ccame more firmly cemented between the sections than ever before. In the union of " the Rosi.is " were found the gi>rm of the future greatness and resplendent glory of England, and who sliall dare to say, that in the harmonious bleniling of " the JJlue " and " the Gray " the future greatness of America shall not exceed all her past glory and splendor. But that the issues are dead and buried, wiiich involved the country in civil war, is no suflScient reason why a tribute should not be paid to those whose patriotism, when the toc- sin of war sounded, led them to the post of duty. At the first warning of danger, they left their daily pursuits and offered themselves to their countrv. Who does not remember the blaze of excitement, when the news was flashed over the wires, that the old flag had been lowered from the battlements of Sum- ter and the "Palmetto" hoisted in its place? Volunteers turned out by scores, companies were organized and hurried off to the front. From the most reliable information to be ob- tained, the county turned out more than two thousand soldiers during the four years of the war. And the fields of Stone River, Chicka- mauga, Shiloh, Corinth, Gettysburg and the Wilderness attest their valor. Many a far- off crave, beneath the palms and magnolias, tells the history of those who never returned, while " The muffled drum's sad roll hns bent The soldier's last tattoo." It is a compliment to the patriotism of the county, worthy of perpetuation on the pages of history, that it furnished a company to the first regiment organized in the State under the President's first call for three years' men. Company G, of the First Infantry was mostly raised in Logan County ; the first Commis- sioned officers were, Nicholas Trapp, Captain; James W. Powell, First Lieutenant, and .lohn J. Patton, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Trapp was a soldier in the Mexican war, and elected Captain of this company on account of his knowledge of military affairs. He served three years and was mustered out with the regiment, and it is said, performed well his duty as a soldier; ho was severely wounded at Mission Ridge. J-,ieut. Powell resigned July 9, 186'^, and was appointed ^; ^t HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 295 Major in the One Hundred and Thirty-Second Ohio National Guard, which position he re- signed before going to the field, to accept the office of Second Lieutenant in the Regular Army. He is still an officer in the Regular Army; is Senior Lieutenant, and brevet-Cap- tain in the Eighth Regiment of United States Infantry, and is in command at Fort Bidwell, Cal. Lieut. Patton resigned .Tune 16, 1S62, came home and was appointed Lieutenant- Colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty- Second Ohio National Guard, served four months, and was then appointed a clerk in the Treasury Deiiartment at Washington, which position he still holds. Dennis Denny was commissioned Second Lieutenant June 16, 1862, and promoted to First Lieutenant July 8, 1864, and as such mustered out with the regiment; the office of Second Lieutenant Avas vacant when the company was mustered out. Company G was organized at Bellefontaine on the 24th, of August, 1861, and went to the field with 101 men, officers and privates. With its regiment, it participated in the bat- tles of Shiloh, Corinth, Dry Ridge, Dog Walk, Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Dandridge, Rocky Faced Ridge, Buzzard Roost, Resacca, Adairsville, Dallas, Kennesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, etc.; in all of which it acquitted itself with honor and credit. The First Regiment, to which Company G belonged, in the three years' service, was originally organized in April, 1861, under the President's first call for three months' men. It was made up principally from some of the old militia companies of the State, and served mostly in Virginia. It was at the first battle of Bull Run, but did not take an active part except in covering the retreat of the army from that ill-fated field. This closed its period of service under the three months' en- listment. In August the regiment was organized for the three years' service, and Company G mustered in with the commissioned officers as above noticed. It left for Cincinnati on the 31st of October, where it received its arms on the 4th of November, and the next day proceeded to Louisville. The regiment on the loth marched to Camp Nevin, below Elizabeth- town, and reported to Gen. A. M. McCook, then in command of the Second Division of the Army of the Cumberland. Soon after it was brigaded with the First Kentuckj', or " Louisville Legion," the Sixth Indiana, First Battalion Fifteenth United States Infantry, and battalions of the Sixteenth and Nine- teenth Infantry, forming the Fourth Brigade of the Second Division. It received its first baptism of fire at Shiloh. Early on the morning of the 7th of April it moved to the front and formed in line of battle, and during the remainder of the fighting acquitted itself in a manner to receive the commendation of the commanding officers. At Corinth, al- though not actively engaged, it did consider- erable skirmishing, and during the pursuit of the enemy by the National forces, the First remained in and about Corinth doing picket and guard duty. In the race between BucU's and Bragg's armies to Louisville, in the fall of 1862, the First participated. On the return race a sharp engagement took place at " Dog Walk "on the 9th of October between the Rebels and the column of the National army to which the First was attached. A junction was formed with the main army under Buell on the 11th, two days after the battle of Perryvillc. A short time after the battle of Perryville Gen. Buell was superseded by Gen. Rosecrans, who at once re-organized the whole army. The division to which the First Ohio belonged, commanded by Gen. Sill, was placed in command of Gen. R. W. Johnson. Gen. Rosecrans commenced is move- ments against Bragg's army at Murfreesboro, til 296 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. on tlie 2Gth of December, and in the bloody battle of Stone River, which followed, the regiment bravely performed its duty, and did some hard fi^^htinjj. In the Chickamaujxa campaign, which was begun on the 30th of August, 1863, the First was actively engaged in fighting and skirmishing during all the operations, including the battle of Chicka- mauga and the fighting around Chattanooga, and was led by Lieut. -Col. Bassett Langdon. The Twentieth and Fourth Army Corps were consolidated about the 30th of October, 1803, and the First Regiment was brigaded under Gen. Hazen, in the Third Division of the corps. Soon after the First formed a part of the expedition down the Tennessee River to Brown's Ferry, capturing an import- ant post, thus enabling supplies to reach Chattanooga. The battle of Orchard Knob was fought November 23rd, which was the opening, in reality, of the battle of Mission Ridge. About noon of the 23rd the First Ohio consolidated with the Twenty-Third Kentucky, the whole under command of Lieut. Col. Langdon, was formed on the right of Hazen's brigade and immediately advanced on the enemy, driving in his pickets. During the whole of the fighting the regiment was actively engaged. A war chronicle has the following of the battle of Mission Ridge : " The intensity of the Rebel fire was such that five color-boarnrs of the First Ohio were cither killed or wounded. The lust one, Capt. Trapp, of Company G, was wounded twice within twenty paces of the cre.st of the hill, while gallatitly heading the regiment. At this time the regiment assumed the shape of the letter A, the nature of the ground being such as to prott.'ct its head from the Rebel fire in Iront; it was halted to gather strength for the final charge. A few minutes sufficed to effect this, and the first and second linos moved up in mass, breaking over and carry- ing the enemy's works and the crest of the hill. While directing the movement, at the head of the column and within about twenty paces of the crest, Lieut. Col. Langdon was shot in the face, the ball coming out at the back of the neck. The shock of the hall dis- abled him for a few minutes, but he recovered his feet and charged with his men to within ten paces of the works, when loss of bloo;l compelled him to retire, not, however, with- out witnessing the capture of the Rebel works. Maj. Stafford, of the First, was wounded at the foot of the hill, but accom- panied his regiment to the top, and carried the flag into the raidvs on the crest. Lieut. Christopher Wollenhaupt and Sergt.-Maj. Ogden Wheeler were killed near the crest of the ridge. The entire loss of the regiment was five officers and seventy-eight men killed and wounded." On the 28th, but a few days after this battle, the First, with other regi- ments, moved to the relief of Gen. Burnside, at Knoxville. January 17, 1864, the regi- ment had a sharp engagement with the Rebels at Dandridgo. On the 4th of May it started with Sherman's army on the Atlanta campaign, and in the battles of Buzzard's Roost, Resaca and Adairsville it took part, often suffering severely; it was also engaged in several other light skirmishes. At Kenne- saw, on the 17th of June, it took part in the battle with its accustomed bravery. This was its last hard fighting, and soon after it com- menced to be mustered out by companies, the last one on the 14th of October, 1864. To sum up the operations of the F'irst dur- ing its term of service: " It took part in twen- ty-four battles and skirmishes, and had 527 offi- cers and men killed and wounded. It saw its initial battle at Pittsburg Landing, and closed its career in frontof Atlanta. It inanhed about 2,.500 miles, and was transported by car and steamboat 950 miles." Of Company G, the ^Jil HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 209 following was published in 1865, just alter the close of the war: " The casualties in the com- pany were: twelve died of sickness; seven of wounds received in battle; six killed in ac- tion; three wounded and fell into enemy's iiands and supposed to be dead; still missing alter action and supposed to bo dead, six; discharged on account of wounds, four; dis- cliargedon account of sickness, five, and three transferred to other commands." The Thirteenth Infantry, organized in April, 1801, for three months, contained two companies from this county. Company A was raised here, and was officered as follows: Samuel W. Ashmead, Captain; Isaac R. Gard- ner, First Lieutenant, and I. C. Robinson, Second Lieutenant. Company C was also raised here. It was recruited originally for cavalry by DonnPiatt,but was mustered finally into the Thirteenth, with the following oflfi- cers: Donn Piatt,Captain; Thomas R.Roberts, First Lieutenant. The name of the Second Lieutenant could not be ascertained. A. Sanders Piatt, a citizen of Logan County, was made Colonel of this regiment. The follow- ing extracts are from a sketch of Gen. Piatt by Whitelaw Reid: '" When the rebel- lion broke upon the country, he entered earn- estly into the strife, offering his services in any capacity to the Government. April 30, 1861, he was commissioned as Colonel of the Thirteenth Infantry, then organized at Camp Jackson, near Columbus. From this camp he was ordered to Camp Dennison, where he re- mained until the regiment enlisted for the three years' service. An order from the Gov- ernor authorized an election of officers, but Col. Piatt, unwilling to receive as constitu- ents the men whom he had sought to com- mand as soldiers, declined appearing as a can- didate for the Colonelcy. He solicited and received authority from Mr. Lincoln to enlist a brigade for the war. Relying on his own means, he selected a camp and organized the first Zouave regiment in Ohio. He subsisted his regiment for one month and six days, and was then commissioned as Colonel, and or- dered to Camp Dennison. The regiment was designated as the Thirty-Fourth. He contin- ued recruiting, with permission from the State authorities, and a second regiment was subse- quently organized, and designated the Fifty- Fourth. This regiment was being rapidly filled up, and there is every reason to believe that the brigade would soon have been completed when Col. Piatt was ordered to report witli the Thirty-Fourth to Gen. Rosecrans, then com- manding in AVestern Virginia. Ho proceeded as far as Camp Enyart, on the Kanawha River, where, for lack of transportation, he was com- pelled to remain. On the 23d of September he led a portion of his own regiment, and a detachment from a Kentucky regiment, across the Kanawha in search of an organized band of rebels, known to be encamped at some point soutli, and to be preparing to obstruct the navigation of the river. On the 24th the detachment from the Kentucky regiment was sent up Cole River, while Col. Piatt continued his march to Chapmansvillo, whore ho arrived at 3 o'clock p. M. on the 25th, and found the rebels strongly fortified. He attacked and drove the enemy, in utter rout, from their po- sition, and wounded and captured the com- mander of the force. Col. J. W. Davis. Col. Piatt next attacked and defeated a rebel force at Hurricane, which was co-operating with Gen. Floyd, then at Cotton Hill; and on the 24th of October he wont into winter-quarters at Barboursville. * * * While absent on sick leave he was commissioned Brigadier- General, and on his recovery, ordered to re- port to Gen. Fremont. He joined that officer at Harrisonburg, in the Shenandoah Valley, and was assigned a brigade in Gen. Schenck's division. When Gen. Siegel succeeded Gen. 300 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Fremont, Gen. Piatt was ordered -with his brio-ade to Winchester, and was directed to fortify and to command that post. He en- joyed the satisfaction of having his works in- spected and approved by Gen. Sigel. "On the 28th of July he was directed to report to Gen. Sturgis at Alexandria, and was assiorned to a brigade in Gen. McClellan's armv, which was then returning from the Peninsula. Shortly after organizing his bri- gade Gen. Piatt received information from the Division General . that in the press for transportation he had succeeded in securing only twenty cars; that these should be at the disposal of the first regiments ready to take possession of them, and tliat they would thus be privileged to go to the front. Gen. Piatt immediately took possession of the track, and as soon as the cars arrived, ordered his men into them. He arrived at Warrenton Junc- tion at midnight, and the next day, August 2G, he reported to Gen. Pope. On the evening of the 27th Gen. Piatt was ordered to march to Manassas Junction. He immediately put his troops in motion, and had proceeded three miles, when Gefi. Sturgis ordered his return to Warrenton Junction, to protect that point from an expected attack. On the morning of the 28th he was again ordered to Manassas .Function. He reached the Junction at noon on the 29th, having been seriously delayed by trains and troops in his front. * * * * On the morning of the 3Uth he received an order to report to Gen. Porter. He had proceeded but a few hundred yards when he met a brigade belonging to (icn. I'orter's corps, which was marching to join the command. Gen. Piatt followed the brigade, and found that it led him to Centrcville. Here he halted his brigade, while the one in front marched on towanl AVnsliington. Gen. Piatt remarked to Gon. Sturgis that he had gone far enough irj tliai direction in search of Gen. Porter, and that with his permission he would march to the battlefield. He then ordered his men into the road, and, guided by the sound of the artillery, he arrived at the battle-ground of Bull Run at 3 o'clock p. m. The brigade went into action on the left, and acquitted itself with great courage. Gen. Pope, in his official report, complimented Gen. Piatt high- ly, for the ' soldierly feeling which prompted him, after being misled, and with the bad ex- ample of the other brigade before his eyes, to push forward with such zoal and alacrity to the field of battle.' * * ***** "Gen. Piatt entered the uriny with no in- tention of making it liis iirolfssion, and now, that a large family of mutlierlcss cliililren de- manded his attention and care, he tendered his resignation and retired from the service." After the Thirteenth had served out its term of three months, it was re-organized, under the second call for troops, for three years. The Logan County company became Company F, in the re-organization, and was officered as fol- lows: Isaac R. Gardner, Captain; James D. Stover, First Lieutenant, and Frank J. Jones, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Gardner died .Ma}' 31, 1802, of wounds received at Sliiloh. Lieut. Stover resigned January 3, 18G2, and became Ca|itain of Company C, Forty-Fifth Ohio In- fantry, and was honorably discliarged July 20, 1874. Lieut. Jones was promoted to First Lieutenant, January 21, 1802; promoted to Captain, January 1, 1803, and promoted by President, May 0, 1803. Robert L. Scig was promoted to Second Lieutenant, March 31, 1802; to First Lieutenant, Sei)tember 11, 1802; to Captain, Scptcmln'r 30, l,S(i4, and was hon- orably discharged January 20, 1805. H. S. Leister was promoted to First Lieutenant, transferred to Company C, and resigned June 18, 1805. Upon the re-organization of the Thirteenth, Col. Piatt, as we have seen, declined coming -r^ ^- HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 301 before his old regiment as a candidate for the Colonelcy, and W. S. Smith, an experienced officer of the regular army, became Colonel. Tiie first service of the new rcg-imcnt was in M'estern Virginia, and arrived at Parkershurg with 1,000 men, rank and file. Its first battle of any moment was at Carnifex Ferry, where it made a good record. The Tenth, Twelfth and Thirteenth regiments, with McJIulien's Battery, formed Benham's Brigade, and on the 12th of November it started in ])ursuit of Gen. Floyd. In this pursuit the Thirteenth held the post of honor. The first skirmish with the enemy occurred at Cotton Hill, in which the regiment lost one man killed and two wounded. The rebels were driven from Western Virginia, and the National forces were withdrawn and moved to Jelfersonville, Indiana, the Thirteenth going into camp at that place. On the 11th of Decemljer it re- ceived orders to join Buell, who was then watching the movements of Bragg in Southern Kentuckv. It was ordered to march on the 10th of February, and proceeded to Bowling Green, where it took cars for Nashville, and reached Gallatin, fort\- miles from Nashville, on the 22nd. In the battle of Pittsburg Land- ing the Thirteenth took a prominent part. Composing a part of the Fifth Division, it formed on the right of Nelson's command, and about 8 o'clock on the morning of the 6th of April moved forward to the attack. It came up- on the enemy, supported by the famous Wash- ington Battery, of New Orleans. This battery the Thirteenth captured after a desperate struggle, only to lose it again at the hands of a superior force of the enemy. In this affair Ben Bunkle, Major of the Thirteenth, fell, severely wounded. In the last advance of the National forces, the regiment made one more effort to capture the famed Washington J5attery, and succeeded. The Thirteenth par- tici]>ated in the advance on Corinth, and per- . formed its share of picket duty in the vicinity of that place. In .Tune it accompanied Buell's army into Alabama, and on the 20th of Au- gust received marching orders. Bragg had left Chattanooga on his famous advance to Louisville, Ky. Then commenced a march that has few parallels in history. A writer of the time thus speaks of it: " From the 31st of August to the 2Gth of September, a period of thirty-six days, the National soldiers pa- tiently toiled on after their exultant enemy, enduring the hot rays of the sun, almost un- bearable thirst, half rations, and the stifling dust. What soldier of the Thirteenth Ohio will ever forget this terrible march? On the 26th the troops reached Louisville, having outmarched and passed, on a parallel road, the rebel a^m}^" The pursuit of Bragg was resumed, after a rest until the 1st of October. In the battle of Perryville, which followed, the Thirteenth did not participate. After the battle the enemy continued his retreat, and Crittenden's Division, to which the Thirteenth Regiment belonged, pursued as far as Mount Vernon. Gen. Buell was relieved on the 30th of October by Gen. Rosecratis, and on the 3nd of December the Fifth Division was re- viewed by the Commanding General, who paid a high compliment to the gallant Thir- teenth. Foraging and picket duty filled up the time until the advance on Murfreesboro, December 20, 1862. In the advance, Crittenden's divi- sion, in which was the Thirteenth, held the left wing, Thomas the centre, and McCook the right. In the battle of Stone River, which followed on the 31st of December, the regi- ment was actively engaged. Among the losses sustained by the Thirteenth, was its Com- mander, Col. Hawkins, together with 142 officers and men killed, wounded and missing. In the battles of the succeeding days, before the evacuation of Murfreesboro by the rebels, the Thirteenth lost in addition to those already mentioned, 31 killed, 85 wounded, and 6 n- 'lu 302 PIISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. missins; total, 1S.5, wliich witli its loss on the 31st of December makes a grand total of 327. Previous to the battle of Chick- amautfa, when the concentration of the army liegan, the Thirteenth, with its re- maining troops of Van Cleve's division, took post on the southern spur of Mission Ridge. On the 19th of September, in the bat- tle of Chiekamauga, the regiment maintained the reputation won at Stone River. During the series of battles of this period, it was commanded by its Lieut.-Col., E. M. Mast, the Colonel (Dwight Jarvis) being absent on duty. Lieut.-Col. Mast was killed, and the Major severely wounded, and the thinned ranks told the sad tale of the loss sustained by the rank and (ile. On the i'ind of Septem- ber the regiment had a skirmish with the enemy on Mission Ridge, which lasted dur- ing the forenoon. In the fighting which fol- lowed in October and November, the Thir- teenth bore itself bravely and suffered a severe loss. Early in January, 1864, about three-fourths of the Tiiirtecnth re-onlisted for another three years, and were sent home on furlough. At the expiration of thirty days they reported promptly for duty, and returned in a body to Chattanooga. May 1, 1804, the army re- ceived orders to prejiare for the Atlanta Campaign. Ringgolil, Rosaca and Dalton were captured, one alter another. At Rocky Face Ridge quite a skirmish took place. In the battles around Atlanta the National forces lost heavily; that of the ".JTth nlotie cost the troops engaged nearly half their number killed and wounded. The Thirteenth fought like tigers, Capt. MeCulloch was mortally ■wounded, and many killed. Their ammuni- tion became exhausted, and Maj. Snyder, in command of the handful of the Thirteenth still left, took from the cartridge-boxes of the killed and wounded their remaining car- tridges an^. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 305 10, 1865. His brevet rank of Brigadier-Gen- eral dates from March 13, 18G5. George Seaman was promoted to Second Lieutenant December 26, 1862, and killed May 9, 1864, at the battle of Floyd Mountain. At the time he was commanding Company D. Edward A. Abbott was promoted to Second Lieutenant of Company I ; was afterwards promoted to Captain, and transferred to Com- pany F, and in that capacity mustered out with the regiment. Robert S. Gardner was promoted to Second Lieutenant September 7, 1861, and Assistant Quartermaster of the United States Army. The Twenty-Third Infantry is memorable in that it had for its first Colonel, William Starke Rosecrans, an officer who, soon after his entrance into the service, became one of the most distinguished leaders of the National armies. The Lieutenant-Colonel, Scammon, and the Major, R. B. Hayes (now President), also became distinguisiied officers, and served with credit until the close of the war. The Twenty-Third was organized at Camp Chase, and mustered into the United States service for three years, June 11, 1861. Before leaving for the field, Col. Rosecrans was pro- moted to Brigadier-General, and Col. E. P. Scammon succeeded to the command of the regiment. On the 25th of July it was ordered to West Virginia, where it at once entered upon the theatre of war. Its operations dur- ing the summer and autumn were confined to looking after bands of guerillas and de ach- ments of rebels prowling through the country. Orders were received on the 17th of April, 1862, to quit winter quarters, and on the 2'2nd the regiment moved in the direction of Prince- ton, under command of Lieut.-Col. Hayes, which place was reached on the 1st of May. On the morning of the 8th it was attacked by four regiments of the enemy, under command of Gen. Heath, and, after a determined re- sistance, were overwhelmed and forced to retire, which was accomplished in good order. While lying at Green Meadows, orders were received on the 15th of August to hasten with all despatch to Camp Piatt, on the Great Kanawha, where it arrived on the morning of the 18th, having marched 104: miles in a, little more than three days. Its officers claimed this to be the fastest march on record, as made by any considerable force. It proceeded to Parkersburg, and from thence to Washington City, where it arrived on the 24th of August. From Washington the regiment moved, with Gen. McClellan's army, to Frederick City, from which place the rebels were driven, after a slight skirmish. Middletown was reached September the 13th, where was commenced the battle of South Mountain, which culmi- nated in the great battle of Antietam, on the 17th. In both of these engagements the Twenty-Third participated. At South Moun- tain, Lieut.-Col. Hayes, Capt. Skiles, and Lieuts. Hood, Rittcr and Stnith, of the Twen- ty-Third, were badly wounded, while over 100 were killed and wounded out of 350 who went into action. The colors of the regiment were riddled, and the blue field almost carried away by shells and bullets. The Twenty -Third received orders to return with the Kanawha Division to West Virginia on the 8th of October. While atHagerstown a false report sent the division after Stuart, who it was said was raiding in Pennsylvania; but discovering the error, the troops returned, having breakfasted in Pennsylvania, eaten dinner in Maryland, and supper in Virginia. On the 15th of October the Twenty -Third ar- rived at Clarksburg, and on the 18th of No- vember it went into winter quarters at the falls of the Great Kanawha. During the sum- mer of 1863, the regiment was occupied most- ly in scouting and picking up guerilla bands, whenever opportunities oifered. It was not until April 29, 186-1, that a movement was made of greater importance than small scouting MBAASfiUtB 9 ""V Jl- 306 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. expeditions. This was a contemplated raid on the Viiirinia & Tennessee Railroad un- der Gen. Crook. On the 9th of May the i>attle of Floyd Mountain took ])lace. This was one of the severest battles of the war, while it lasted, but was of short duration. Capt. Hunter, of Company K, Lieut. Seaman, commanding Company D, were killed; Capt. liice. Company A, was slightly wounded, and Lieut. Abbott was severely wounded. The next day another battle took place, but in it artillery was mostly used. But litlle more fighting took place during the expedition, be- yond the usual amount of skirmishing along the march. The regiment joined Gen. Hunter's com- mand on the 8th of June at Staunton. The first terra of service of the Twenty-Third hav- ing expired, those not re-enlisting as veterans were sent home, also the old colors, which were no longer in condition for service. From June lOth to July 1st the regiment was con- tinually on the march, skirmishing, in which it suffered greatly from fatigue, as well as in being continually harassed by the enemy. It reached Charleston July 1, and remained there until the 10th, when it embarked for Parkersburg. On the 24th a battle was fought at ^\'inchester, in which the National forces were defeated, after a hard fight, last- ing from early in the morning until U o'clock a^ night. The Twenty-Third lost in this en- gagement 1.j3 men, ten of whom were com- missioned ollicers. Lieut. -Col. Comly was among the wounded. During the month of August a series of niarches "up and down the \'alley," with numerous skirmishes, were indidged in by both armies. Nothing impor- tant, however, occurred until the 3rd of Sep- tember, at Bcrryville, when a desperate fight took place, which latted from just before dark until 10 o'clock at night. The Twenty-Third lost Capts. Austin and Gilli8,.both brave offi- cers. On the 18tb the battle of Opcquan was fought. It was a severe one, and both sides lost heavily, but the National forces were finally victorious. Large numbers of the rebels were captured, together with eight bat- tle flags. The battle of North Mountain fol- lowed on the 20th, and was more a charge than a regular battle. One man killed and one wounded was the loss sustained by the Twenty-Third. The next fighting occurred on the 19 th of October, at Cedar Creek. A historian of the war thus concludes liis description of this battle: "The situation in a few minutes after the attack was about thus: Crook's command, overpowered and driven from their advanced position, were forming on the left of the Nineteenth Corps, which corps was just getting into action, the left l)eing hotly engaged, but not so much so as Crook's command yet. The right of the line had not been engaged at all, and was not for some time after. While the line was in this situation the trains were all slowly mov- ing oir. A desperate stand was made by the shattered lines of Crook's command to save the headquarters' train of the army, which came last from the right, and it succeeded. Mai>y brave men lost their lives in this. Col. Thoburn, commanding P'irst Division; Capt. Bier, Gen. Crook's Adjuant-General, and oth- ers. Col. Hayes, commanding the Second Division, had his horse shot under him, and narrowly escaped with his life; Lieut. -Col. Hall, of the Thirteenth Virginia, was killed." Soon after the scene above described, Sheri- dan, who was " sixteen miles away," appeared on the field, and seemed to in'use new spirit into the troops. A few changes were made, a few orders given, and the day was won. On the 7th of November the Twenty-Third was detailed a.s train-guard to Martinsburg, and, on the march, the men voted at the Pres- iilential election. On the 13th it returned to Winchester with a supply train of TOO wagons, and on the 14th went to camp at Kernstown, ^F=^ ?ku. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 307 where the army of the Shenandoah was lying. Here the regular carap routine en- sued, until the 39th of December, when the regiment marched to Martinsburg, and went into camp. On the 1st of January, 1865, it embarked for Cumberland. Here Col. Hayes was promoted to Biigadier-General and Lieut.- Col. Comly to Colonel, both to date I'rom Oc- tober 19, 1864. Its operations to March 1, 1865, were confined to Grafton, Beverley, and Cumberland, with occasional skirmishes with the enemy. The hard fighting of the war was now over, and the regiment lay at "inglorious ease " through May, June, and a part of July. On the 26th of the latter month it was mus- tered out of the service at Cumberland, took the cars for Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, when the men were paid off and discharged. Probably no regiment of the war furnislied more brave and distinguished officers than did the gallant old Twenty-Third. Its first Colonel, Rosecrans, had few superiors in the army as a strategist and commander. Al- though his sun went down in clouds, there is little doubt to-day, that others received the laurels that Rosecrans actually won. And then there were Gen. Scammon, Gen. Hayes, Gen. Matthews, Gen. Kennedy, Gen. Comly, Gen. Hastings, and many others, who, though not adorned with the Brigadier's star, were equally as brave. - Scammon was the first Colonel after Rosecrans; Haj'es was also Col- onel; Comly was the first Major, afterwards Colonel, ap-d promoted to Brigadier-General for meritorious service; Hastings entered the regiment as Second Lieutenant, and worked his way up to Lieutenant-Colonel, and was breveted Brigadier-General for gallant ser- vices at the battle of Opequan in Virginia. It eventually became proverbial in the army that the Twenty-Third Ohio was a regiment of officers. The Forty-Second Infantry, Gen. Garfield's old regiment, contained a company from Lo- gan County. Company K was from this county, and officered as follows : Andrew Gardner. Jr., Captain; Thomas L. Hutchins, First Lieutenant, and Porter H. Foskett, Sec- ond Lieutenant. Tha following information, pertaining to Company K, is, from a his- tory of the regiment written by F. H. Ma- son, of Company A: " Capt. Gardner re- signed on the 38th of January, 1863, and Lieut. Hutchins was promoted to the vacancy thus created. Capt. Hutchins continued in command until the final discharire of the reflfi- ment from the service. Lieut. Foskett was promoted to First Lieutenant, and afterward to Captain, and transferred to Company I; thence he was transferred to Company D, and finally resigned in 18G4. A. L. Bowman, who was originally an enlisted man of Com- pany K, was made Sergeant-Major of the regiment, then promoted from that grade to Lieutenant, and was mustered out at the close of three years' service as First Lieutenant of Company K. George K. Pardee, another en- listed man of the same company, joined the regiment in the fall of 1863 on its arrival at Oak Hill, after the Cumberland Gap cam- paign. After three days' fighting at Chicka- saw Bluffs, during which he had behaved with conspicuous credit, he was promoted upon the recommendation of Col. Sheldon to a lieuten- ancy. He was consequently made Adjutant, and in the latter part of 1863 received pro- motion to a captaincy. He commanded vari- ous companies during the temporary absence of their officers, and was finally transferred to the captaincy of Companv D, which command he retained imtil the regiment was mustered out of service. Company K lost six men killed in battle, and at the breaking-up of the regiment in Arkansas, in November, 1861, sent twenty-nine of its men who had enlisted in 1863, to join the Ninety-Sixth Ohio In- fantry." The Forty-Second was organized at Camp 308 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Cliase, in S'ptiiiiher, 18G1. Being fully com- pleted and equipped it took the field on the 15th of December. Its first service was in Eastern Kentucky, where it operated against Gen. Humphrey Marshall. On the lOlhof January, 186'^, a lively skirmish was iiad with the encmj' at Miildlc Creek, in which Maj. Pardee, with 400 of the Forty-Second took an active part. The arduous duti(?s of the campaign in Eastern Kentucky, the exceed- ingly disagreeable weather, and the want of supplies, were disastrous to the health of the regiment, and some eighty-five died of disease. It was brigaded at Cumberland Ford with the Sixtcentli Ohio, the Fourteenth and Twenty-Second Kcntiu-ky, Col. Jolui F. De Courcey, (Sixteenth Ohio) commanding. In the skirmishing, and the retreat before Kirby Smith, the Forty-Second suffered severely from a lack of suitable s ipplies, and of water. On the long, weary march from Cund)erland Gaj) to the Ohio River, the regiment, acting as rear guard, lost but one man. At Portland, Jackson Co., Oiiio, it received clothing and other necessary equipage, and on the 21st of 0._-tober it proceeded to Gulli]3olis, thence up the Kanawha ami into Virginia. It returned to the Ohio in Novcml)er, and embarked for Cinciiniati, and from there it proceeded to Memphis. Gen. Morgan's Division to which the Forty-Second belonged, was liere re-or- ganized, and designated the '-Ninth Division, Tiiirteenth Army Corj)s." In December the regiment with oilier troops under Gen. Sherman embarke;! at MMiiphis and proceeded to the Yazoo River Country. During some hot fighting which folhiwed around Vicksburg, iIk? F(>rty-S:;cond was ac- tively engaged, and lost several men killed and wounded. In January, 18G3, the regi- ment, witli its division, wenton the expi-dition to .\rkansns, and was engaged iti the assault on Fortllytidmin, in which it led the advaiic?. A few days aft.-r the f.ill of Fort Ilvndm in the troops returned, and went to MiUiken's B nd, where preparations were made for the coming campaign. The Ninth Division, to which the Forty- Second belonged, took the advance in the movement toward the rear of Vicksburg, and in all the fighting and skir- mishing around that rebel stronghold, the Forty-Second bore an honorable part; partic- ularly in the action on the 22d of May it lost heavily. After Vicksburg had fallen, the reg- iment marched to Jackson and assisted in the reduction of that place. Its next service was in Louisiana, where it went in August, partic- ipating in all the skirmishing, marching and scouting of the Louisiana Campaign of the latter part of 18G3, wintering at Plaqiiemine, La. In March, 1864, it moved to Baton Rouge, wiiere it was detailed as Provost Guard for the city. During the summer the Forly-Secoiid was attached to the First Bri- gade, Third Division, Nineteenth Corps. Soon after a test drill was held in the Nineteenth Corjis, and Company E, of the Forty-Second, carried off the first )irize. The regiment en- gaged in several ex])editions, but had little more hard fightinrr. On the 15th of Septem- ber, Coni]Kinies A, B, C and D were ordered to Camp Chase, where thej' were mustered out on the 30th. Companies E and F were mustered ovit on the 25th of November, and the other four companies I^ocember 2, 18G4. One hundred men remained, whose term of service had not expired, and they were organ- ized into a coni])any and transferred to the Ninety-Sixth Ohio. The regiment partici- pated in eleven battles, in which it lost one officer and twenty men killed, and eighteen officrs and '.i'io men wounded. To the FortyiFifth Infantry Logan County furnished more men than to any other one regiment during the war. Three wIkjIc com- panies — C, D, and E — were mainly recruited in this county, while some of the other companies contained T,ogan County men. ^ ^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 309 Company C, when mustered in was officered as follows: James D. Stover, Captain; W. G. Franklin, First Lieutenant, and William Mc- Betli, Secoi d Lieutenant. Capt. Stover was honorably discharged July 20, 1864; Lieut. Franklin was promoted to Captain, November 27, 1862, and to Major, June 16, 1865, but was mustered out as Captain ; Second Lieut. McBeth was promoted to First Lieutenant, October 24, 1862, and to ("aptain, February 1, 1864, but mustered out as First Lieutenant; Samuel E. Allman, was promoted to Second Lieutenant, November 16, 1862, to First Lieutenant, February 1, 1864, and resigned September 15, 1864. Company D was originally officered as fol- lows, viz : Robert Dow, Captain; Adam R. Eglin, First Lieutenant, and William Gee, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Dow resigned Oc- tober 24, 1862; Lieut. Eglin was promoted to Captain, and as such mustered out with the regiment. Stephen L. Dow was promoted to Second Lieutenant, but was mustered out with the regiment as Sergeant. Company E organized with the following officers: Lewis Taylor, Captain; John M. HoUoway, First Lieutenant, and Josejsh R. Smith, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Taylor was honorably discharsed January 4, 1865; Lieut. Holloway resigned November 20, 1862; Lieut. Smith was promoted to First Lieutenant No- vember 16, 1862; to Captain, July 13, 1864, and assigned to the command of Company B, and in that capacity was mustered out with the regiment. A. A. Stewart, of Company E, was promoted to Second Lieutenant April 16, 1863; to First Lieutenant, July 13, 1864, and resigned July 24, 1865. J. H. James was pro- moted to Second, and then to First Lieuten- ant and mustered out as Regimental Quarter- master. Alonzo Grafton was promoted to Second Lieutenant and mustered out as Ser- geant. The Forty-Fifth Infantry was organized at Camp Chase, in August, 1863, and was mus- tered into the United States service on the 19th of the same month. The following- genial sketch of the movements of the regi- ment was written by Col. Humphreys, in com- mand at the time it was mustered, and with it during its whole term of service : " The regiment left Camp Chase on the 20th day of August, crossed the Ohio River into Kentucky, and became part of the Army of the Ohio, under command of Gen. Wright. When Gens. Bragg and Kirby Smith invaded Kentucky, the first duty of the Forty-Fifth was guarding the Kentucky Central Railroad; after that it went into camp at Lexington, Ky., and was placed in the brigade of Gen. Green Clay Smith, (Gen. Gilmore's Division). Early in the winter of 1803, the regiment was mustered, and took an active pril, and in the two days' fitrlitinT lost 198 men, killed, wounded and missing. On the 29th of April it moved in the "Icli ^|V* ^1 >> HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 311 army against Corinth, participating in all tbe fighting, and when the place was evacuated, was the first organized body of troops to enter the town. After several short expeditions it accompanied Gen. Sherman to Chickasaw Bayou, and was in the engagements of Decem- ber 38 and 29, in which it lost twenty men, kill- ed and wounded. It was next at the capture of Arkansas Post, after which it proceeded to Young's Point, La., and was employed in dig- ging a canal,and other demonstrations connect- ed with the siege of Vicksburg. On the 6th of May, 1863, it began its maich to the rear of Vicksburg, by way of Grand Gulf, and took part in the battles of Champion Hills and Big Black Bridge. It was engaged in a general assault on the enemy's works on the 19th and 22nd of June, lositia: in the two emraffements forty-seven killed and wounded. It was al- most continually employed in skirmishing and fatigue duty iluring the siege of Vicksburg, and after the fall of that stronghold it moved with the army on Jackson, Miss., skirmishing constantly from the 9th to the 14th of July. In October, 1863, it proceeded with the Fif- teenth Army Corps to Memphis, and from there moved to Chattanooga. It took part in the battle of Missionary Ridge, November 26th, and the next day moved to the relief of Knoxville, after which it returned to Chat- tanooga, and on the 12th of January, 1864, it went into winter quarters at Larkinsville, Ala. The Fifty- Fourth re-enlisted as veterans on the 22nd of January, and went home to Ohio on furlough. It returned to camp in April with 200 recruits, and entered on the Atlanta campaign on the first of May. It took part in the battles of Resaca and Dallas, and was also in a skirmish at New Hope Church on the 7th of June. In the assault on Kennesaw Mountain, June 27, it lost twenty-eight men killed and wounded. On the 3d of July, in a skirmish at Nicojack Creek, it lost thirteen killed and wounded, and in a battle on the east side of Atlanta, July 21 and 22, it lost ninety-four, killed, wounded and missing. It lost eight men killed and wounded at Ezra Chapel on the 28tli, and from the 29th of July to the 27th of August it was almost continu- ally engaged in skirmisliing before the works at Atlanta. It was in a heavy skirmish at Jonesboro, August 30, and in a general action at the same place two days immediately fol- lowing. On the loth of November the Fifty-Fourth started with Sherman on his famous " March to the Sea," and was engaged in the assault on Fort McAllister, near Savannah. The reg- iment assist(>d in the destruction of the Gulf Railroad, and on the 7th of January, 1865, marched into Savannah. It moved with the army through the Carolinas, and participated in its last battle at Bentonville, May 21, 1865. The war was now virtually over, and the reg- iment marched to Richmond, the Confederate capital, and from there to Washington, where it took part in the grand review. On the 2d of June it proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where it remained two weeks, when it was ordered to Arkansas. It performed garrison duty at Little Rock until August 15th, when it was mustered out of the service. The aggregate strength of the regiment at its muster out was 255 — twenty-four officers and 231 men. It marched during its term of service a distance of 3,682 miles, participated in four sieges, nine severe skirmishes, fifteen general engagements, and sustained a loss of 506 men killed, wounded and missing. The Fifty-Seventh Infantry, Gen. A. V. Rice's old regiment, was the next in which Logan County was represented. Comjaany K was mostly from this county, and its original officers were Daniel N. Strayer, Captain ; John A. Smith, First Lieutenant, and George Ber- gher, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Stray- er was mustered out in August, 1862. First Lieut. Smith was promoted to Captain, til >^. 312 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. August 19, 18C2, and in that capacity mus- tered out with the regiment. John A. Plumb was promoted to Second Licutciiatit, August 3, 1SG3, assigned to Company E, and was killed at the battle of Resaca. Stephen H. Carey was promoted to Second Lieutenant, September 11, 1802; to First Lieutenant, May 9, 1862, and was honorably discharged December 2, 18(j4. The Fifty-Seventh left Camp Chase on the ISth of Feliruary, 1802, under orders to report at Fort Donelson, but the order was subse- quently changed, and it reported at Paducah, Ky., instead. It left Paducah on the 8th of March, and was engaged in scouting most of tlie time until the battle of Pittsburg Land- ing. It was engaged nearly the entire day of the 6th; lay on its arms all night in a drench- ing rain, and at daylight the next morning again went into action. It was engaged dur- ing the second day, and again laid on its arms through a night of rain. In both battles the regiment lost twenty-seven killed and 150 wounded (sixteen mortally) and ten captured. On the 20th of A])ril the army commenced its advance on Corinth, and the Fifty-Seventh was assigned to the First Brigade of the Fifth Di- vision. From the beginning of the advance, until Corinth was evacuated by the en- emy, the regiment was day and night marching, picketing, skirmishing, or building breastworks. It was engaged most of the summer in scouting in Tennessee and Missis- Ri|)pi, and skirmishing. AVhiie at Memphis, in December, the regiment received 118 vol- unteers and 20") drafted men, making its a"-- gregate force 605 men. It s two oj)posing armies lay for eight days within a few rods of each other, and both liwt heavily in the continuous miiskotry anil cannonading. On the night of the 15th of June, the Sixty-Sixth, while moving up a ravine, was opened upon with grape and can- ister, and under a galling fire it moved within a hunilrfd fi'et of the enemy's works, where it remained until tlie next day, when it was re- lieved by a new regiment. At Culp's Farm, Kennesaw, Marietta and Peach Tree Creek, the regiment bore an honorable part. After the capture of Atlanta it was i)laced on duty in that city, where it remained until Sherman started on his " March to the Sea." It accom- panied him on tliat niemorabloi march, partici- jiated in the capture of Savannah, and the march through the Carolinaa. After the sur- render of Gen. Johnston it proceeded to Washington by way of Richmond. It was j)aid off, and mustered out of the service July 10, 180."), at Columbus. The following is u brief summing up of the service of this gallant regiment: It received recruits at various times to the number of 370 (it entered orignally with 850 men), and the number of men mustered out at the close of the war was 272. It lost in killed 110, and in wounded over 350. It served in twelve states, marched more than 11,000 miles, and partici- pated in eighteen battles. The Eighty-Second Infantry was the next regiment that drew on Logan County for re- cruits. Company E was a Logan County company, and left for the field officered as follows: Charles Mains, Captain; Samuel B. Smith, First Lieutenant, and A. H. Nickell, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Mains resigned July 23, 1802; First Lieut. Smith was dis- charged August 13, 18G2; Second Lieut. Nickell was promoted to First Lieutenant August 13, 18()2, and resigned October 24, 1862. Of further promotions in the company we have been unable to obtain anj' informa- tion. The E'ghty-Second was mustered into the United States service on the 31st of Decem- ber, 18G1, and on the 25th of January left for West Virginia. It went into camp near the village of Fetterman, where it underwent a thorough system of training. Few regiments from the State did more hard fighting than the Eighty-Second. On the 10th of March it was assigned to Gen. Schenck's Command, and in the exciting movements about Mon- terey, Bull Pasture Mountain, and Franklin, it took an active part. On the 8th of Jime the army to which it belonged fought the bat- tle of Cross Keys, but without serious loss to the Eighty-Second. In the organization of the Army of Virginia the Eighty-Second was assigned to an inde- pendent brigiidc under Gen. Milroj'. The severe campaigning it had undergone had thinned its ranks, and it numbered but 300 active men. On the 7th of August, Sigel's Corps, to which it belonged, moved toward Culpepper, and on the following morning ^^ -^T^' HISTORY OF LOGAX COU>TY. 317 lialted in the woods south of the village, but was too late at Cedar Mountain to participate actively in the battle. Duriiig the fighting on the Rappahannock it was for ten days within hearing and most of the time under fire of the enemy's guns. On the 21st and 22nd, McDowell had severe engagements near Gainesville. In the fight of the 22nd, Milrov led the advance. The Eighty-Second suifered severely. Col. Cantwell, its commander, being killed with the word of command upon his lips. In the early part of 1863, at the re- quest of its Colonel (Robinson) it was relieved from duty at headquarters, and ordered to report to its division commander. Gen. Schurz. Bv him it was designated a battalion of sharo- shooters for the division. The next battle in which it bore a part was tiiat of Chancellors- ville, on the 25th of May. It suffered terribly in this fight, there being at the close of the engagement, but ISi men with the colors. On the 10th of June it moved on the Gettysburg Campaign. It went into the battle which followed with twenty-two commissioned offi- cers and 236 men; of these ninteen offi- cers and 147 men were killed, wounded, and captured, leaving only three officers and eighty-nine men. This little band of heroes brought off the colors of the regiment. The Eleventh Corps, to which the Eighty-Second belonged, was transferred on the 25th of Sep- tember to the Army of the Cumberland, then commanded by Gen. Hooker. The ne.xt bat- tle in which the regiment was engaged was that of Mission Ridge. In the December fol- lowing it re-enlisted as veterans. Out of 349 enlisted men present, 321 were mustered in as veteran volunteers, and were at once sent home on furlough. It returned to the field with 200 new recruits, and on the 3rd of March, 1864, it joined its old brigade at Bridgeport, Ala. On the 30th of April the regiment, with its brigade and division, started on the Atlan- ta Campaign, and bore an active part in most of the battles and skirmishes that followed. It particularly distinguished itself at Resaca and Kennesaw Mountain. After the capture of Atlanta, it remained in camp there until the 15th of November, when it started with Sher- man's army to Savannah. While the army was at Goldsboro, in April, 1865, the Eighty-Second and Sixty-First Ohio were consolidated, and the new regiment thus formed was known as the Eighty-Second. On the 10th the troops moved to Raleigh, where they remained until after the surrender of Gen. Johnston. On the 30th of April the corps marched for Washington by wav of Richmond, and on the lOtli of May arrived at Alexandria. It took part in the grand review at Washington on the 24th of JNIay, after which it proceeded to Louisville, K\-., where it remained until the 25th of July, when it was ordered to Columbus, and was there paid off and discharged. The Ninety-Sixth Infantry drew two com- panies from Logan County, viz : Company H, and Company I. Company H, was organ- ized with W. B. Niven, Captain; J. G. Ham- ilton, First Lieutenant, and E. L. Baird, Second Lieutenant; Capt. Niven resigned April 15, 1863; Lieut. Hamilton was appoint- ed Regimental Quartermaster, and Lieut. Baird promoted to First Lieutenant, March o, 1863, and to Captain, July 13, 1864, in which position he was mustered out with the rerri- ment. Peter Marmon, was promoted from Orderly Sergeant to Second Lieutenant on the 16th of November, 1864. Consolidation prevented further promotion in the company. Company I was recruited by W. W. Beattie, who was elected Captain; Franklin Kendall was First Lieutenant, and W. H. Chandler Second Lieutenant. Capt. Beattie resigned before leaving camp, and Lieut. Kendall was promoted to Captain; Second Lieut. Chandler to First Lieutenant, and G, W. Kline to Second Lieutenant. Capt. e "*>• jJ: ^y^ 318 HISTORY OF LOGA>r COUNTY. Kendall v.-as honorably discharged August 7, 18C3, and Lieut. Chandler promoted to Cap- tain, which position he filled until mustered out with the regiment; Lieut. Kline was pro- moted to First Lieutenant, January 22, 1864, and afterwards made Quartermaster in a new regiment. The Ninety-Sixth Regiment was made up in the Eighth Congressional District and or- ganized at Camp Delaware in August 1862. Its officers were men who had seen service and were as follows : Joseph W. \"ance, Colonel; Albert H. Brown, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Charles H. McElroy, Major. The following general sketch of the regiment, its movements and operations, is by ilaj. McElroy, of Dela- ware : "A camp was established for this regiment on the Fuller farm, one and a half miles south of the city, known as Camp Delaware, the ground occupied lying between the Columbus road and the river. On the 1st day of Sep- tember, 1862, the Ninety-Sixth left camp 1,014 strong for Cincinnati, and on the evening of the same day of its arrival there, crossed over the river and went into camp at Covington, Ky. From that time until the close of the war, it was continuously active, and most of the time m hard service. In the fall of 1862 the regiment, in the brigade of Gen. Bur- bridge, and under command of flcn. A. J. Smith, marched from Covington to l'"almouth, thence to Cynthiana, to Paris, to Lexington, Nicholasvillc, tiuough Versailles, Frankfort, Shelbyvillc to l.ouisvilli;, leaving Covington on the 8th of October, and going into camp at Louisville on tlie I'lth. From I^ouisvilie it procoetedly one of the industries carried on in Lake Town- ship in times past, but the business has been of so recent a date, and the facts concerning it are of so hazy and undefined a character, that it would be inexpedient to pretend to fix and localize its operations. A considerable portion of the surface of this township was covered more or less thickly with bowlders called " nigger heads," granite rocks, vary- ing in weight from several tons to a few ])oun(ls. To clean the land of these intruders, dropped by melting icebergs idly floating fnim the frozen regions of the north, was a task of no small (liniiiisions. The most suc- cessful manner of removing them was first to cut a large forked limb from a tree; then cut- liiisr llip two branches (iff, four or five feet -irf> ,3 L> HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. from the point of their junction, there re- mained a piece of timber, harrow-shaped in its outline, or, as it might be called, V shaped. In the spring time, while the grovmd was slippery and icy, this implement, only five or six inches in height, and called a " lizzard," was hauled by chains fastened to its closed end, alongside of the bowlders in the field. By the aid of a lever, the stone was easily rolled upon the sliding vehicle and dragged away to some place of common deposit. These stones laid quite superficially, and they are now verv generally cleared away. The flora of any country is one index of its intrinsic character and value. There are so many agencies at work in building up this element that it may be determined pretty ac- curately from t\\(i flora of a district whether these agencies, seen and unseen, are of a bene- ficial nature, and whether they are or are not of a sufficiently desirable and permanent kind to be reliable and worthy of confidence as promising continuance. The forests of Lake Township were not only diversified in a re- markable degree, but they were of peculiar lux- uriance. Yet this is no more than might be expected, from the sketch already given of the character of the soil and of its substratum. The larger forest trees were the White Oak and Black Oak; the Hickory, of several varieties; the Ash, the Beech, commingled with which were the Linden, the Walnut and Maple, and not infrequently, upon the lower lands, the magnificent and towering Elm. These were the larger forest trees. From the Maple was derived an excellent sugar, and from the Linden, aided by various sweet-scented shrubs, came, through the laborious industrv of the bees, most delicious honey, for the bloom of the Linden tree is famous for the pur- ity and perfection of its honey-bearing quali- ties. To the royal company of these trees, not infrequently the Poplar, with its magnifi- cent flowers, lent dignity and state. Under- neath this great forest anothergrowth of trees, scarcely less interesting, sprang up in rich profusion. There were the Dogwood, the Iron wood, the Haw, and the Plum; together with the younger mendsers of the great forest giants, gathering strength and size with each advancing year. And beneath these again were found various vines and bushes, as the Grape, the Gooseberry, the Blackberrj', the Raspberry, and the Hazel, almost without limit; and after these came the wild straw- berry, and in many lowlands cranberries were found in great abundance. The larger trees, with the different aspects of their several kinds, with their varying shades of green, and form of leaf, afforded a most pleasing view as they displayed their foliage in the Springtime. In the Autumn, the innumerable tints which g-lowed amono-st the leaves — red, yellow, brown, purple and crimson — gave a charm to forest scenery un- known and unappreciable to those who have not felt the soft, voluptuous breath of Indian Summer. The smaller growth of trees in the forest — the Dogwood, Redbud, Haw and Plum especially — afforded, by their splendid com- bination of coloring, and their intrinsic beauty while flowering, a most agreeable and alluring appearance. The Wild Grape, Sweet Haw, and Sweet-brier lent delicious odors to the ambient air, and helped to give character, in their way, to the land. But oven here there were exceptions. The most beautiful, almost, of the Haw tribe of flowering trees, in respect to visual appearance, was unpleasant in odor. This is a general description of the flora of Lake Township, but in practical fact certain exjjlanations are proper. In the northern portion of the township, the Beech tree pre- dominated, with, of course, admixtures of Hickory, Oak and Ash, In the middle part of the townshi]) a mixture of all the prevailing kinds of timber takes place, with here and there a predominance of Maple or Sugar trees. "^i ^r^ 324 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. enough to form an occasional sugar camp, whicli, especially in later times, became a limitoil center of sugar production. In tlie southern portion of Lake, Oak is the prevail- ing forest tree; and this tree is, taking every- thing into consideration, the lord of the forest. The productions of the ancient forest of Lake Township were numerous and import- ant. The mast and nuts were the food of innumerable squirrels and various kinds of birds. They served, also, not only for food to man himself, but they offered an abun- dance of food for the hogs and sheep of the pioneer. Hogs living upon the mast of the oak, the hickory and the beech, afforded a sweeter and more delicately flavored ham, ac- cording to the judgment of Thomas Jefferson, than those fattened \ipon corn. At all events, the products of the forest yielded an abun- dant supply for the swine of the early settler. Hogs, after receiving some mark by which their ownership could be determined, were turned loose in the woods to shift for them- selves. Ere long tliey l)ecame so wild and fierce that wolves were glad to give them a wide berth. Not only were stpiirrels and many other animals tit for food brought into the country by the ])r()ducts of the native for- est, but tiie pleasant shade, the abundant water, and the .multitude of small and se- cluded jjrairies, luxuriant witli the sweetest grass, invited the deer to take uj) its abode. The abundance of this species of game, for many years after the white man l>ogan to spoil the «orks of nature and substitute his own, was something wonderful. And Bruin, too, not infrequently came for his feast of wild grapes and plums, whose superabund- ance was incredible. Tlie sweet tooth of the black bear, like that of the small boy, did not fail of sometimes getting him into trouble, either with the bees, whose; treasures he cov- eted, or with the sturdy jnoncer, his rival in the pursuit of sweets. Mention has several times been made of plums, grapes, wild apples, and several kinds of berries. The plum was of difl'erent de- grees of excellence. Sometimes one plum orchard,-or "plum thicket," as it was called, would iiroduie several grades of fruit. Some were small, and. toward the ])it, quite astrin- gent; others large, yellow, flecked with red spots, and quite sweet and agreeable. These plums were, upon the whole, not equal to most varieties of the cultivated and improved fruit, but they possessed many useful and agreeable properties. The same may be said of the immense crop of wild grapes. There were many varieties of different degrees of excellence, but all inferior to the higher quali- ties of the inqiroved article. The crab-apple was a fruit that at first sight no one would think of using, but, cooked with honey, it made a most delicious preserve, and was highly prized. So, also, of the intensely acid gooseberry and cranberry. Honey was very abuhdant. The population for a number of years was sparse, while the forest range was great, and the cabin of the early settler not infrequently boasted of a barrel or more of wild honey. This was copiously used to pre- serve the several varieties of fruit and berries that the native forest afforded. Li the animal kingdom, or tlie fdidia, as- sociated with the ])rimitive forest of Lake Township, it must not be supposed there were no drawbacks; that everything was perfectly serene. Innocence and helplessness, para- doxical as it may appear, develop craft and savagery, not only amongst the human fami- ly, but equally amongst the brute creation. The harmless deer invited the presence and intensified the viciousness of the wolf and |)aiither. Wolves, panthers and wild cats abounded, and the smaller pests, as the fox, weasel and jiole-cat, wrought sad havoc in th(! barn-yard. One of the greatest trials of the early settler was brought upon him by the \' Via- HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 325 mosquito, a most insignificantly appearing in- sect, but one which has caused more wicked speech than all the elephants and tigers of India. Added to this plague, which was only bearable when enveloped in the strangling smoke of the " smudge," were the horse-fly, a terrible insect, of large proportions, which tormented horses and cattle into a state of frenzy; and serpents of various species, and many other minor pests of great perversity. The " smudge" alluded to consisted of thick smoke given off by damp chips put upon live coals, which was placed in front of the cabin door in the summer evening, and sometimes within the dwelling itself. The remedy was severe, but preferable to the stinging and the singing of the assiduous mosquito. Many of the destructive vermin of the time atoned in some measure for their depredations upon chickens, young pigs, &c., with their pelts. The skin of the muskrat, fox, coon, and other troublesome " varments," as they were called in the vernacular of the time, were eagerly sought, and brought considerable revenue to the trapper. In times a little later than that of the true pioneer, the root of the ginseng was dug from the hill-sides and traded in the local stores for general merchandise. This article, commonly called "sang," found a ready market in the east, but for what spe- cific purpose is not so clear. Several consid- erable streams of water traverse Lake Town- ship. Upon the north, barely touching the township, in one or two springs or fountains, is found the source of Cherokee Man's Run, com- monly called Cherokee Creek. This is a con- siderable stream, belonging more to McArthur Township than to Lake. It pursues a tortu- ous, northwesterly course, and empties into the Miami River, just as it emerges from the Lewistown Reservoir. Lower down is the Flat Branch of the Buckongchelas. It takes its rise in the northeastern portion of the Township of Lake, and, taking first a westerly and then a southwesterly course, it becomes, after receiving important additions in the neighborhood of the County Infirmary, the Buckongchelas proper. Farther south, and about the middle of the township, is found Tucker's Run, also a fine stream. It rises in Jefferson Township, and, pursuing a south- westerly course, joins the Buckongchelas about a mile and a quarter below the County Infirmary. Tucker's Run and the Flat Branch may be regarded as the two forks, which, coming together, form the main stream known as the Buckongehelas. About three- quarters of a mile east of Bellefontaine, are the head waters of a large creek, called Blue Jacket. The general direction taken by this stream is also towards the southwest, and it joins Buckongehelas about six miles a little southwest of Bellefontaine. At the southern extremity of the township, a large stream known as McKee's Creek flows through its southeast corner. This water enters into the Miami River a short distance below DeGraff, and below the point where the Buckonge- helas enters the same stream. McKee's Creek takes the name of Stony Creek in the latter portion of its course. It will hence be perceived that all the waters of Lake Town- ship tend westward, and find their outlets in the Miami River. These, with the exception of Tucker's Run and Flat Branch, which are merely head waters of the Buckongehelas, are all valuable streams, affording power for a mul- titude of mills of various kinds, but of late years chiefly grist mills. Cherokee Creek was named from a solitary Cherokee Indian, who had, it seems, expa^ triated himself from his home in the Souths and dwelt upon its banks. Buckongehelas was a noted Delaware Indian Chief, and gave his name to the stream upon which he lived. Blue Jacket's Town once occupied the site of Belle- fontaine. Blue Jacket, himself, was a well- known Shawnee Chief, who lived, according ^1 ft ^u*. 326 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. to tradition, upon the southwestern decliv- ity of the elevation upon which Bellelbn- taino is built. His caliin was a few yards nortlieast of the spot whore the C. C. C. & I. Round House now stands, and in the im- mediate vicinity of several fine springs. Blue Jacket was one of the leaders in the Indian campaign in the northwest, which re- sulted in the defeat of the Indians at the battle of " The Fallen Timber," in the year 1794. The stream whicii crosses the West Liberty Pike road, near the Fair Ground, was called from him. McKee's Creek is called from a white man, who, in company with one Elliott, had a trading-post in early times upon its banks; this was established and maintained to further British interests. Besides these streams there arc innumerable sjjring branches ruiniing in every direction through the town- ship, making Lake Township one of the most charming and productive portions of the land, which, as a whole, is probably the most lovely and desirable the sun shines on. It is believed that the first permanent white settlor in the present limits of Lake Town- ship was John Tuilis. There are others who appear to have settled there shortly after. Major Tuilis, as he was called, came to Lake Township about the year 1800, or a little earlier. He emigrated from Kentucky. Tuilis entered a quarter section of land, the northern line of which corresponds with the middle of Columbus street, in Bellofontaine, which ran, of course, just north gf the Public Square. lie had a family of several children; one daughter is now living one mile and a half northwest of BuUefontaine, she being the wife of John Smith, Esq., of Harrison Township. The other children have died, or gone to distant parts, anil have tlisappeared from the scenes .of their early history. Major Tuilis was a man of importance in his day, and was one of the proprietors of the town of Bellcfontaine. Henry Shaw was another of the early pio- neers of the Township of Lake. His name appears as clerk in the election held in Zanc Township in ISOG; but there is reason to be- lieve that his residence was at that time a little below West Liberty, on Mad River. Mr. Shaw next settled on a piece of military land in Lake Township, soutiieast of the site of Bellcfontaine. Being deprived of his land by other claimants, he settled upon a place near the location of Hull's Trace, west of the Fair Grounds about half a mile. This was just before the war of 1812. This gentleman left a familj', which is widely reiirosented at the present day amongst the respectable citizens of Logan County, and elsewhere. One of his daughters married Capt. William Watson, another married Dr. B. S. Brown, and another married Abedncgo Davidson, Esq. An early settler in this township was William McCloud. This gentleman was born in Ireland, but came to this country in his youth. Ho married, in Phiiadeljjhia, Elizabeth Boswell, a lady of education and refinement, the marriage being the end of an elopement. McCloud came to Fairfield, Green County, Ohio, where he remained several years. Sub- sequently he made his way to Zancsfield, Logan County. His name appears on the poll book above quoted, in IStlG. He came to the Township of Lake about 1810, and settled a little northwest of Bollofontaine. He was a sc(mt under Capt. William .McCuUoch, during the war of 1812. McCloud was a groat hunter, of fine apjiearance, and excellent social qualities. He had a large family, most- ly daughters, whose posterity is numerous and wide-spread, and of eminent respecta- bility. His dccendants are found in Wis- consin, Arkansas and California, as well as Ohio. He was a man of influence and value at the period of time in which he lived. He became one of the Associate Judges of tlie County Court at a later period. 't'jsr HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 327 William Powell was another of the early permanent settlers of Lake Township. He purchased a tract of land adjoining that of Tullis, and situated north of the public square, in Bellefontaitie. Powell was originally from Pennsylvania. He found his way, with his family, to Ohio before the beginning of the present century. Our first knowledge of him is at North Bend, in Hamilton County, Ohio. Here he was employed as a hunter for Gen. Wayne's army, a part of which was being re- cruited across the Ohio River, in Kentucky. He remained in that locality several years. We next find him in Salem Township, Cham- paign Co., Ohio, not far from Urbana. Here he also remained several years. Finally, on the 1st of January, 1812, he settled on his land in and near the present locality of Belle- fontaine. Powell had a family of ten living children, three of whom were girls. Sallie married Jackson McClure; Nancy married Samuel Carter, and Rachel married Jack Mays. These were fine women and excellent men. In addition to the families enumerated, James McPherson, also one of the earliest pioneers, had a fine family. One very hand- some and intelligent daughter married Daniel Workman, a prominent man of his time. The McCloud girls married well also. Sallie mar- ried the eldest son of William Powell; Let- titia married Dr. A. H. Lord; Betsy married Isaac Miller, and, after his death, Jacob Krous- kop; Eliza married Jonah Seaman, and Maria married a man named Handford. There were two or three families coming on a little later, as that of Maj. Reed and others. It will, therefore, be perceived that be- tween 1813, the year of the war, and 1820, when Bellefontaine was laid out, there was good material present and maturing for the foundation and superstructure of a good and healthy society. For, ignoring altogether the temptation to exaggerate the persons and things of the past, the fact is, that the people above-named would attract attention and challenge admiration in any age or country. There was not a defective nor an ugly person amongst them all. On the contrary, they were large, healthy, intelligent and industrious poo- ple. The boys in these families were bold and honorable, but the girls bore the palm. They were really beautiful, honest and wise. And, retrospecting from this point of time, the sum total of the results of life as it befel to these people, it must be confessed that the girls have had the best of it. These men and their families were the leaders, the brains, and the real workers in these old primeval days. But it must not be imagined that there was not another element at hand, and often trouldo- some at that time, as there is at all times in society. The verge of civilization was sought by outlawed and turbulent persons, who were driven from better established communities. The horse thief, the counterfeiter, shrewd and plausible; the petty pilferer, and uncouth ruf- fian were not wanting. The better classes, on more occasions than one, were compelled to resort to the whip, and to dire threats, in or- der to regulate portions of this element. Several families settled in different localities in the neighborhood, who were suspected, and no doubt correctly, of being associated with bands of horse thieves and lawless persons of various kinds. It was not uncommon to find suspicious parties loitering about these places without any ostensible business. Such char- acters were merely harbored for a time, it was believed, in order that they might run off a horse or two. For their supjiression, a band of citizens was organized, with John Work- man for Captain. They would seize the ob- noxious i)erson, and, tying him up, whip him severely, after which he was suffered to de- part, a permission of which the individual sel- dom failed to avail himself. The records show that in the year 1805 John Gunn took out a license in Urbana to & - -*pv >?•. 328 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. keep a house of public entertainment. Ac- cordingly, about that time, or shortly after- wards, Giinn established a tavern stand at a large spring on the farm now owned by Henry C. Miller. The location of this tavern was in the northeastern part of the present Township of Liberty. This spring is about 350 yards from the southern limits of Lake Township. It is one of the finest springs in Logan Coun- ty. Those who have located this tavern and spring upon the farm of Henry Taylor are in error. Mr. Gunn was a Canadian; his busi- ness here was to act as agent for certain hold- ers of real estate situated in the neighborhood of his establishment. During the prevalence of the war of 1812, there was, of course, con- siderable stir in the vicinity now under notice, for it was in the direct track pursued by the American troops, both going to and coming from the seat of hostilities on the northern frontier. It was about this time that it became evi- dent that a new (ouiity would soon be organ- ized, and it was upon a portion of a tract of land for which Gunn was agent that the first town in Lake Township was laid out. It was called Belleville. An attempt was also made to cbristen, by iisage, the nascent county, "Belleville County." This little town was intended for the future county seat. That it was built, if not under the direction, at least with the approbation of Gunn, and in the interests of his employers, is evident from all the circumstances. This seems to be a fair account of the rise of Belleville, and the reasons for it. The town grew up silently during the turmoil of the war. The old settlers appear to have no very definite idea of the exact date of its origin, or of tlie precise moment of its demise. It is known, however, that thn first and prob- ably the only tavern built in Belleville was owned by Edwin Mathews. George Krouskop came to this eountrv in 1812 or 1813, and he worked upon that building soon afterwards. It would have been diffi- cult to find a worse place for a town in this township. Water, for a wonder, was difficult to obtain, the wells being deep and the water itself of a poor quality. The whole affair was a matter of eisrht or ten inferior houses. Mathews kept the first public house, and was followed by Garwood and Ballard. One " Dr." Emanuel Rost, from Cincinnati, a for- eigner by birth, kept a small store, containing a few groceries and notions. Isaac Miller had a saddler shop at the same place. There was no blacksmith shop, nor, so far as recollected, other place of business in the town. Belleville had a rather hard reputation, upon the whole, and excepting Gunn's it was the only centre of connnon congregation in the neighborhood. In its latter days, it was the place of holding county court a few times. There was a great deal of fighting and quar- reling, as well as dog-fighting, race-running and other rude pastimes indulged in there. This village dwindled away very soon after Bellefontaine was laid out. A small frame ho\ise belonging to Isaac Miller was haulecl bodily to Bellefontaine, and the other build- ings were deserted and suffered to decay. Belleville was situated about a quarter of a mile south, and a little east of the floral hall on the county fair grounds. There was very little to boast of in the way of public roads in the period of time anterior to the settlement of Bellefontaine. There was but one main road in the Township of Lake that was wortliy of the name, pre- vious to the organization of the county. There were various paths or trails loading from one Indian settlement to another. These trails were worn deeply by much travel. Some traces of them can even yet be discovered, especially leading east from the region of Gunn's old tavern to Zanesfield. The In- dians would ride usually about forty feet HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 329 apart in strict Indian file. In this way the hindmost Indian would escape the rebound of the bending branches of overhanging trees, after the foremost rider had thrust thorn forward from him. The principal road came from Urbana, and passed through tliis county in a northerly direction. Cominginto the neighbojhood of Lake Township, it crossed McKee's Creek a few feet west of the point where that stream is spanned by the Cincin- nati, Sandusky & Cleveland Railroad bridge. It continued almost directly north till it ap- proached the western side of the Round Prairie. Here it divided. One branch skirted the southern and southeastern edge of that prairie, and continued in a northeasterly di- rection until it reached Gunn's tavern. It then made an abrupt turn to the north, a little west, to the town of Belleville. The other branch of the road continued up the western side of the Round Prairie, and, after jiursuing a northerly direction nearly, a mile, it turned easterly and joined the former road in the village of Belleville. The roads being united, proceeded noith across the fair grounds, crossing the Blue Jacket, at the point where Cook's old mill improvement stands. After fairly raising the hill, it turned to the northwest, following the ridge a few j'ards north of Juds^e AVest's house. It con- tinued in that direction until it crossed the C. C. C. & I. K. R., between the houses of John Brunton and John D. Nevin. It then pur- sued a northerly course until it reached the site of the Irwin stone house; thence it skirted the hills until it reached the vicinity of Men- ary's Block House, near the buildings on the old Beal farm. From tliat point it went a little westward to McPherson's Block House, now the site of the County Infirmary. The military road, cut by the army of Gen. Hull, in its advance upon Detroit, passed through the southwestern corner of Lake Township. "Hull's Trace," as it is called. crossed McKee's Creek at the same point that the old road did. It kept nearly n(irth, pass- ing a little east of William Burkhart's house. Continuing in a direction a little west of north, it crossed Blue Jacket at the farm of Jacob Good; thence pursuing the same course crossed the Sidney road near the house of Mr. Dillon; thence pursuing a course nearly' identical with the former, it arrived at Menary's Block House and joined the old road already described. From there it pursued a direct course to the Block House of .Tames McPherson. About the time of the establishment of Belleville, three men, foreigners by birth, came to the neighborhood ot that town, and built a distillery. That establishment was situated on Blue Jacket Creek, a little way from the railroad bridge crossing that stream. It was not very far from the town of Belle- ville. Indeed, the merchant, Rost, above mentioned, had some interest in the distillery, also. These parties came from Cincinnati purposely to eny em- bodied some excellent moral precepts or useful truths. The pens were made by the master, out of goose-quills; and it was no small feat of dexterity to make a good pen. The writers frequently wanted their pens mended also. S]ielling was especially insisted upon, as containing the elements of all learn- ing. Spelling matches on Saturday nights were common, in which sides would be chosen and words given out to each side alternately until but a single speller was left who had not missed a word. Again, the whole school would stand up in line, and would sjiell around again and again; every one missing a word being counted out, until some solitary urchin would remain, the proud victor in the contest. There is probably no one living, in his right mind, but might also excel in some depart- ment of life, if he would, like the young speller of olden times, put his whole might into the effort. The first teacher was Isaac Myers, a bachelor, near fifty years old. He was succeeded by George Krouskop, well known subsequently as a ])r(iminent and use- ful citizen; these were good instructors. n'- ^ V HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 331 There wore no tan-yards in the nei^hbor- borliood before the establislimont of the per- manent county-seat. Samuel Taylor, who lived on King's Creek, would come into the settlements two or three times a year, and purchase such hides as were for sale. He took them home, whore he had some tan vats, and there dressed them. Blacksmithing is a trade that is almost indispensable to mpdern civilized life. There being no towns in the present boundaries of Lake Township before the rise of Belleville, the blacksmith would be apt to locate his business on such roads as were most traveled. We tind George Blaylock, a blacksmith, pursuing his vocation on the bank of Silver Lake, then called Blaylock's Lake. This place, it is true, would at this time be considered a good deal out of the way, but at that period the beauty of the Lake and surrounding country were elements which afforded reasonable promise of early sottieinonts in that locality. The fact is, that Hull's Trace, and the movement of war mate- rial from Url)ana through a region consider- ably to the eastward of the Lake, fixed the first permanent families along the line of that movement; and whatever natural features the Lake might possess of an inviting nature, were overshadowed by the stern exigencies and facts of actual war. And so it has ever been; war makes boundaries, not to hamhits and villages only, but to nations and empires; and so it ever will be. Besides Blaylock, a man named Samuel Tidd carried on the busi- ness of blaoksmithing, on a ifarm in Harrison Township, adjoining that now owned by Thomas McAra, and on the northeastern boundary of it. A road from the southeast, from Belleville and below, ran near his shop, in -the direction of McPherson's block-house. These appear to have been the chief, if not the only, blaoksmithing shops near the locality of Bellefontaine previous to the founding of that town. Nothing is more common than to hear the old pioneer, when in a certain mood, relate the difficulties, hardships, and discomforts of his early trials; without it is to hear the same pioneer, when in a dlH'erent mood, toll how free, how cheerful, and how glorious were the da}'S of his early pioneer life. Both of his pictures are true. What was pleasant and beautiful, was so in excess; and what of life there was that was fraught with danoer and deprivations, and obstacles to be surmounted, was bitter indeed. In a country like this, even in its wildest state, there was not so much of uncompensated hardship for the hun- ter and trapper, considered by himself, pro- vided he had good health. But to men with families, weakly women and helpless children, there wore seasons when, in behalf of his family, groat suspense and anxiety fell to his lot. H<' could move from danger; he could seek supplies and shelter, but his family could not. It is unnecessary to go very minutely into the details of pioneer family history. It is an old story. But a few salient points of that life will not be unprofitable subjects of notice, both with respect to the men and the women. Besides his trusty rifle, the principal tools the pioneer had to work with were his ax, his drawing knife and shaving-horse. To these, in a settlement of any extent, would be added probably an auger or two, a broad-ax, and an implement for splitting out clap-boards. The mere enumeration of these things suggest their uses. Of course there was very little land cleared in the times to which we are now confining ourselves. From five to fifteen acres of land was about the quantity farmed by the husbandman. This was far from occu- jiying all his time; his duties were not unre- mitting, as are the duties of a farmer of to- day. He had leisure, or he could take leisure, to hunt and trap, and, to a cotisiderable ex- tent, enjoy himself; or, at least, he could do ^i 332 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. so, in so far as his farminf^ duties affected liis time. He ]ilaiit(>d a small jnitch of corn, an- other of llax, a few pumpkins, beans and tur- nips; perhaps, later, a little rye to make into whiskj- — and that was about all. He spent much of his lime in hunting; that business, for a considerable period, being his sole re- source for meat. Venison and various kinds of game, with hominy and corn-bread, were his substantials; although the many products of the forest, already cntuiierated, added greatly to the richness and variety of his table. The pastimes of the pioneer were fighting, running, wrestling, jumping, shoot- ing at a mark, and various feats of strength, agility and skill. Many, on public days, got drunk, also. After all, these things were merely the overflow and escape of a super- abundance of spirit, energy, and strength, ac- quired and acHiimulated by a life which was essentiallj' in the open air, with good appe- tites and substantial food. The labor of the women was much more severe. In addition to the ordinary care and watchfulness of the family, the washing, the cooking, the women not only made their own clothes and garments of the children, but they made up their liusband's clothing also. If this were all there would be some idea presented, perhaps, by which an understand- ing of the extent of their work would be obtained. But in fact, the women spun, wove, bleached, and colored all the cloth that was used in the household. Look for a moment at the character and extent of this work. The flax had to be j)ulled up by tiie roots and tied in bunches. Men and women often joined in that labor. It had then to be broken, and the outer fiber se])arat'jd from the brittle in- ner straw. This was done by the men. An implement, ralli-d a hatehel, being a piece of Ijoard three or four feet long, and seven or eight inches wide, into the middle portion of which were fastened, in an upright position, a multitude of sliarji iron sjiikes about four or five inches long. These sjiikes were about the size and aj)]iearancc of the iron part of a scribing awl. There were about a hundred of them occupying a space on the board ten or twelve inches long, by five or six inches broad. It looked like a huge brush with iron bristles from four to six inches long. These spikes were placed in the board in a series of diagonal rows. The hatehel ])eing firmly fixed, small bunches of the dried llax were taken in the hands, by the men, and brought violently down amongst the spikes, the force of the blow being also used to draw the fiiix through the spikes towards the person engaged in the work. This was repeated until the brittle straw inside of the fiber was well broken and loosened. After this part of the work was done, the rough flax thus olitained was held in small (lowing bunches over the edge of a l)()ard, or pole; it was then whipped down with what looks like a wooden knife about eighteen inches or two feet long. By this process, which is called scutching, the re- maining ]>articles of loose straw that were entangled in the flax after hatcheling, were thrown down. The tow is now given to the women. They spin it into vast quantities of linen thread, then they weave it, for many pioneer houses had looms. Out of this thread is woven cloth for pantaloons and shirts for the men, cloth- ing for the children, as well as household linen. But in many instances a process of bleaching precedes the final manufacture. The ladies not infrequently would color cer- tain portions of their thread to weave into stripes for their own frocks. These were "•reatlv admired by th(! young gentlemen beaux of the period. The main fashion of the ladies frock was a very short waist which was drawn into a multitude of fine gathers l)y moans of a draw string. This was run en- tirely around the dress at the waist, drawn k HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 335 tightly and tied behind in an elaborate man- ner. The young pioneer, although he might fight the prowling savage with a commendable degree of courage, and . even enter with en- thusiasm into a " scrimmage " with a bear, was, to say the truth, often completely humbled and abashed in the presence of one of these tremendous articles of feminine apparel. For winter clothing the wool of the few sheep that could be cared for, was "picked" by hand at wool pickings. It was carded also by hand, with cards made for the purpose. It was then spun and woven into cloth. From this was made the winter clothing. For the children and ladies wool and linen were woven together, making linsey-woolsey. This style of cloth is generally cotton and wool at this day; but originally was linen and woolen threads woven together — hence the name — " linsey-inooUey." A few of the more ancient and prominent pioneers wore buck-skin clothes. If they happened to be a close fit, it was said there was but one way to get them off, if they once got a wetting, and that was to wear them oft'. Young ladies and gentle- men of this period had the usual amusements of early times; such as dancing, various social games, and songs, which like the tales of the nurserj', seem to have descended, at least some of them, from the remotest antiquity. In the period of time under review, there does not seem to have been within the pres- ent limits of Lake Township any stated place for religious worship. A meeting was called at the house of Samuel Carter to con- cert measures to build a house for that pur- pose in Belleville. But that was a little anterior to the desertion of that town, and the project was abandoned. The citizens opened their own houses to some extent for religious purposes. A very common place of resort for holding meetings of a religious character was at the house of James Hill, a mile west of Bellefontaine. The limits prescribed for this article pre- cludes a continuation of the kind of descrip- tion preceding. The temptation is great to produce other facts and incidents. There is nothing more interesting or instructive than to consider the human being placed in diffi- cult and adverse circumstances, striving to surmount them. Such a life and such a strife develop the latent power of the human mind and bring to light phases of character that would otherwise never appear. Respecting the reminiscences of the cruel and savage war of 1813, little can now be said. In the midst of dangers and alarms, great actions and grand thoughts become common and are looked upon as matters of course, and like common and usual things they are little noted, and pass from memory. Most of the men whose names have been mentioired, and many others, were variously employed in their country's service during that contest. Tiicy were mem- bers of a company of scouts who were on the alert to detect signs of defection or treacherj"- amongst the Indians around them. They were also depended upon to perform the diflBcult task of penetrating towards the Brit- ish frontier, and gathering and transmitting information to the authorities. Their homos situated here in Lake Township were the first places for the sick and wounded and dying to receive shelter, when the troops, either in bodies or straggling parties, returned from the fight. For at that period there were no white settlements north of the Greenville Treaty Line, only four miles beyond Bellefontaine. That country was all Indian territory accord- ing to the terms of the treaty at Greenville. To give a history of the exploits of the spies and scouts residing in this vicinity, during the war with Great Britain, would occupy a volume; to give a single sketch, or even two or three, would be invidious. The first election in Lake Township, Logan County, was held in Belleville in the year r il =k 33C HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 1818. It is undorstoed that the township in- cluded considerable more territory at that time than it does now. Some of the names will be recognized as those of persons living in what is now Union, Liberty, and Harrison Town- ships. The list of the electors is appended merely as a matter of record, and is as follows : James M. Reed, Isaac Miller, William .lohn- ston, John Colvin, John Tucker, .lohn Tullis, Sr., "William McKinney, Joseph Gordon, James Binley, James McClenaghan, William Mcllvain, David Kirkwood, Isaac Southcrland, Haines, Thomas Haines, Moses Mcllvain, William Carroll, Archibald More, David Jones, Henry Shaw, Thomas Newell, James Joseph Wilson, William Kirkwood, Samuel Shields, Joseph Coddingham, O. C Blalock, Levi D. Tharp, Nathaniel Crutcher, William Coddingham, Sim- Kansbottom, Joseph HaineSj John N. Gluer, Thomas Colvin, Daniel Vance, Daniel Purdy, George Blaylock, Mitchell Waggoner, John McDon- ald, James Wall, George Krouskop, Robeit Doty, James Wall, Sr., James Kirkwcod, James Bowen, Sylvanus Moorchouse, Josej)h Cummins, John Holmes, John Tinnis, John Wood, John Ens{>h, James Sargent, John G. Mcllvain, James Mcl'herson, William Mc- Beth, John Wall, John Newell, David Askren, Stephen Iloyt, William More, Robert More, ^^'iliiam Wall, .Inseph Alexander, John Gunn, William Adams, .Sanniel Newell, Samuel Wil- son, Jacob Powell, George F. Dunn, Robert Newell, Raphael More, Samuel More, Jr., John Duiui, Joel Smith, Daniel \Vorknian, Sr., Abner Snoddy, Patrick Watson, Jacob Foster, James Smith, William McCloud, John Lud wick, John Peach, .lohn Naglee, George Countncr, Thomas Clark, Christopher llood, Robert Porter, John McBotb, Thomas Gar- wwkI, IsaaT Myers, Merida Blacock, David. McNay, .Tohti Crawford, .John Hall, James Lcapi^r, William Gray, John Shelby, Oba- diah Howell, Jesse Gale, Hczekiah Wilco,\, James Peach, William Powell, Thomas Baird, William White, .Justice Edwards, Dan- iel M. Brown, William Davis, John Cochren, Samuel Carter, Daniel Workman, Martin De- Witt, Ransford Hoyt, Alexander McGarvey, John More, .Tames Hill, Benjamin Yickers, Charles O. Walpers, Abraham Sager, Samuel Covington, John Askren, Samuel Hathaway, Thomas Thomi)son, Isaac Clemens, Thomas Powell, William Davis, David King, Emanuel Rost, Ross Thomas, Hugh Newell, Almon Hopkins, Jerry Stansberry, .fohn Tullis, Jr., Robert Crockett. The plat of the town of Bellcfontaine is re- corded on page 252, Book "A," of the records of Logan county. The record was made on the 12th day of August, 1822. This plat con- tains upon its margin (and it is so recorded) the following document : "State of Ohio, Logan County : " Personally came before me, an Associate Judge in and for said county, Solomon Mc- Colloch, director, appointed by the Court of Common Pleas of said county, Leonard Iloutz, John Tullis, Sr., William Powell, and .lohn Tullis, Jr., proprietors, who severally acknow- ledge the within town plat to be their act and deed, and desire the same to be admitted of record. "Given under my haiul mid s. al, March 18th, 1820. "N. B. — The lots selected by the director on the part of Logan county are all even numbers. "(Signed) JOHN SHELBY, " Associate Judge." Thus the matter was settled, and the several claims and pretensions of different places re- specting the location of the county seat were decided. It would bo well(>nnugh to stop and iufpiirc by wliat authority these proceedings were had. Bv an Act of the Legislature of the HISTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY. 337 date of Januarj' 27, 1818, provision was made for the appointment of a Commission to locate a site for the seat of justice for Logan Coun- ty. After considerable hesitation, the ques- tion was decided as above. The names of the Commission were Richard Hooker, .Tohn Hopkins and Solomon Smith. Their report was confirmed by the Court of Common Pleas sitting in the town of Belleville, on the 29th of December, 1819. The date of the 2Sth, which has been assigned to this proceeding, is erroneous. The land of the original town plat amounted to 100 acres. The claim of Leonard Houtz to proprietorship seems to cover his ownership of the thirty-foot street, bounding the town on the west. Powell's land reached only to tlie west line of the lots in his division, and to get an outlet to these lots on the extreme west it was necessary to purchase of Houtz as much land as would furnish that street. It is said that Mr. Iloutz recieived in payment two lots in the limits of the town. * Running north and south, the streets were named as follows: 1st — through the center of the town — Cincinnati street, SO feet wide; 2nd — Mad River street, east of Cincinnati, 60 feet wide; 3rd — Detroit street, west of Cin- cinnati, 60 feet wide; -Ith — Beyond the two last-named streets, bounding the town both on the east and west, were streets upon the corporation line, 30 feet wide.' Running east * Such is the commonly received opinion, and such is the account piveii by 11 descendant of one of tlte proprietora of the ovisinal town ot Bi-l!efontiiino. re^pcctinsr tlie part borne hy Leonarii Ilont/- in its f.mndation. Tnvr^tii.Mtion, llowever. discloses a soniewliat (iiflen-iit (.tale of t;i«ts. Wlun the orii^nnal platot Ihetiiwn was pro- jected, that part of it usnallv credited to Powell, iiiinielv the norlliern hall, encro;uIied Weslw.-irdly upon the lands of Honlz. for ut'ont \m feet— liy tape meiusure 101 feet. This place'! uiion lloutz the nr>rthern half of the western 30 foot Corporation street, as well as a portion of the northern 30 foot C'orporatitm street. It also, eml^racin^' the northwestern angle of this pl.it, eonlain.-l a considerable portion of the graveyard donated to the town. Ihaitz, therelore, had reniaininj: lor his available portion ..t tie- town fl. strip of land about .seventy feet broad, and extending Ir.ni the south lineol the graveyard to (_'olunibus street, a distance of throe lots only, lengthwise. Hence we find that the three lots <.xlending from t^olunilius street northwardly to the graveyard were owned by Houl/,, As tlies.. lilts are only (ilty-Kve feel wide, there would still be a mar- gin nmiogtohim. This will account " Powell lu lloutz, as meutioued above. and west, the streets were the following: 1st — through the center of the town — Columbus street, SO feet wide ; 2nd — Chillicothe street, south of Columbus, GO feet wide; 3id — San- dusky street, north of Columbus, 60 feet vride; 4th — The same arrangement of the 30 foot streets upon the northern and southern corporation line as there was upon the east- em and western. The proprietors of the town devoted two squares, or one-fourth blocks, namely, the Public Square, for public build- ings, and a square at the extreme northwest- ern corner of the town plot for a church and a graveyard. The town of Bellefontaine is situated upon grounds generally sinking in a southwesterly direction, being the lower portion of an ex- tensive tract of land thus trending, for one or two miles, north and east. The land upon which it rests is underlaid by aii immense bed of gravel, and as the village approaches the foot of the gentle declivity, upon its southern, southwestern and western borders, it is greet- ed, as it were, with a surprising number of copious and clearsprings of pure water, whicii burst from the base of the elevation. From these, undoubtedly, the town took its name. On the 19th and 20th of March, 1S20, accord- ing to the best information attainable, the day after the acknowledgment of the instrument of contract between the director appointed by the court in behalf of the county and the proprietors of the town, there was a public sale of lots. This sale was for the benefit of the countj', and was confined to the lots that were donated to it. Powell and Tullis dis- posed of their lots at private sale. A number of the lots were disposed of at this time, although it was many years before either the director on behalf of the county, or the other proprietors had disposed of all their lost. -1,]^ 338 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. CHAPTER VIII.* BEI.LEFONTAIXE— BEGINNINGS OF THE AH LLAGE— ADVANCE OF CIVI.IZATION— BUSINESS TUOS- PERITY— GROWTH OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS— SCHOOLS— CilUUCHES —BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. THERE were two or three houses standing upon the site of Bellefoiitaine before it was laid out. A singular genius named Daniel Tucker lived near the spring, back of the Episcopal Church. He had cleared away two or tliree acres of TuUis' land and farmed it. Upon one occasion, Tucker rose in the morn- ing and found his corn frost-bitten. His basis of consolation was very much the same as that wiiich solaces many griefs throughout the world of sorrow. But Tucker had no more gumption than to speak out. " Thank the Lord," said he, " if my corn is killed, every- body else's corn is killed, too; if I don't get any corn, nobody will get any." Tucker had ahorse.' On one occasion, a neighbor called and requested the loan of the animal. "Sam- my," said Tucker, raising his right hand, "if my grandfather was to get out of his grave and ask for that horse, he shouldn't ride it from here to the gate." This man Tucker seems to be the "original Jacob Thompson," whose exploits on the Darby Ram are so graphically set forth in the truthful ballad, "Old Dan Tucker." Thomas Haines built a log house near the saw-mill before the town was lo- cated. Nathaniel Dodge lived in it after Haines. It is proper to mention that there was a schoolhouse built on the back end of the lot on wlii(!li the Presl)yterian Church now stanils, at a period also previous to the foimding of the town. It was simply a log structure, similar t ^\^ 4. HISTORY OF LOGA?^ COUNTY. 339 never once thought of until young Peter Powell, who had mentally solved the difficulty, after carefully spelling pigeon, also carefully and correctly pronounced it ^:)*//eow. The light was too sudden and too great for the equanimity of the teacher. He made a grab at Pete of a hostile nature. Peter, however, was on the alert, and, springing backwards out of the door, yelled, " Come out here, you old Beesicks, and I'll — piggon you." One of the earliest, if not the very earliest, buildings put up in Beilefontaine, was erected by Joseph Gordon. This was a round log cabin on the rear of the lot upon which Boyd's grocery is placed. A two-story brick build- ing now stands upon the spot. Gordon occu- pied this house a little while, and then built the hewed log house on the corner of Cincin- nati and Chillicothe streets, which remains to this day, in part, covered within and without with dressed boards, and used as a general grocery store. While occupying this build- ing as a residence, Mr. Gordon made use of his first cabin as a stable. He soon parted with the second house, for we find Anthony Bal- lard occupying it as a place of public enter- tainment and resort as early as 1822. Gordon then built another log house on the premises now occupied by the residence of Mrs. Daw- son. This he sold in a few years to Reuben Arnold. It might not be inappropriate to say here, respecting Joseph Gordon, that he was an important local character during the war of 1812. He was a mail-carrier. He was faith- ful, daring and energetic. He sought no shelter, but rode and slept in the forest swarming with hostile Indians, and carried news and information from post to post, and from army to army, his life always fluttering in his hand from the beffinning: to the end of the war. Such was Joe Gordon, a small, slim, active man, whom pioneers knew well and trusted. William Gutheridge was also an early set- tler in the new town. He built upon the lot now occupied by James Cowman as a resi- dence. There was, and is, a good spring near the back end of that lot. William Scott built a two-story log house on the place where the Watson building now stands. He there kept the first tavern in town. This he soon sold to John Rhodes, of Urbana, who kept the first stock of merchandise in Beilefon- taine. Nathaniel Dodge kept a public house a little north of the Presbyterian Church. It is remembered that his sign bore the date 1822. Dodge was the first shoemaker in the new town. The first saddler was said to be .lustice Edwards, Martin Shields coming later. A man named Chevalier, opened a saddler-shop at a very early date. Abner Riddle worked as a journeyman in that shop as early as 1826. The first carpenter was William Powell, and he made all the coiBns in the earlier years of the settlement. He procured his walnut lumber from Marmon's Mill, on Mad River. George Blaylock left the banks of the lake, and he, with Tom Parkinson, were the first blacksmiths in town. Their shop was across the street from the Episcopal Church. The first brick-masons came from Urbana. A man named Bayles built Leonard Houtz's brick house near the town. Bayles studied law, and died in Beilefontaine, a member of the bar. William Bull's tav- ern, also a brick, was built some time before 1824, by Martin Marmon, a bricklayer from Mad River. John Powell was the first tailor in Beilefontaine. Tailoring for a time was not very profitable. Buckskin suits were not cast off at once, and the manufacture of these from deer skins, as well as the making-up of the butternut-colored homespun, was to some extent, the work of the women. Jacob Powell carried on the important calling of gunsmith. For a time he was compelled to go to Kino-'s Creek to have his srun barrels bored. Water power was established at that place. y* til 340 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. adapted to liis puqjose. After a time lie fixed up a mill for himself, a short distance southwest of liellofontaine, and got his power from a small tributary of Blue Jacket Creek; thenceforward he bored out his own gun bar- rels at home. Traces of the race can still be seen. His business -was good until the In- dians wore removed to the West, when it declined, and Mr. Powell went to Arkansas. The writer has used a rifle manufactured by Powell, and it was a good gun. The first tan-yard in the new town, was established upon the verge of the town plat upon a piece of ground that is now bounded by the rail- roads approaching from the west and south. It is about 150 to 200 yards southwest of the point of junction of these roads. This was adjoining the southwestern corner of the original plat of Bellcfontaine. Jacob Staley and Leonard Iloutz were the proprietors. Jacob Powell, as well as his brother Peter, played the " fiddle " verj' well, and this was no trilling accomplishment in jjioneer times. People must have seasons and places for amusement. The mingling of the young ladies and gentle.ncn in the dance, and song, and play, was a most agreeable fea- ture of the early days of life in Bellefontaine. The jjrogress of the new town was for a considerable time slow. For many years there was very little market for agricultural products. Money was scarce, and trading was mostly by barter. Farms wore small and poorly cultivated. The most important e.\- portations were a few hogs and cattle, which were purchased and driven to Detroit. The little wheat that was raised, was sown broad- cast and covered by great branches of trees, dragged over the ground in place of harrows. The wheat that could be spared was conveyed in wagons through the woods, 100 miles to the lakes and sold usually for about 50 cents jier bushel. Salt, leather and a few necessa- ries were brought back. Wagoners would oc- casionally, as a great treat, bring back a bolt of calico or muslin for their wives. Under such circumstances the inducements for the advent of new settlers were not very great. But every county seat presents a chance for political and legal preferment. There are also good opportunities for specu- lative investments, and even under the most unfavorable circumstances there must always be in such towns enough inducement for new settlers to affect the destiny of the place. The old ])i()iieer aspect of society began slowly to change. The process at first was al- most imperceptible. The giving up of old habits was very gradually effected, and the introduction of more modern styles of thought and life went quietly on. To analyze all the elements engaged in a radical change in the manners of a people, is a most interest- ing and important proceeding. It is r(>gret- ted that more space cannot be given to that subject here. We will only be piTinittcd to notice the causes which at length cTitirely abrogated the old and fully established the new, in the manners and customs of the in- habitants of Bellefontaine. These causes may be referred to under three heads: 1st. The removal of the primi- tive and savage surroundings which created and kept in activity certain manners and cus- toms that naturally grew out of these environ- ments, and which depended upon them for ex- istence. 2d. The next element in effecting .these changes in the condition of society was the inflow of new citizens from various jjoints of the compass. Those brought into view and into activity other and often more advanced habits of social life. 3d. Another element in effecting the change in society was the ap- pearance of a rising generation of youths of both sexes, which were unacquainted with the old, and were eager to seek, under the guid- ance of suitable instructors, the advantages of a better education and a higher refinement 4= i± HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 3-U than was compatible with the circumstances surroundinn; the earlier pioneers. These influences were working, and grad- ually crystallizing society into a permanent and stable structure far in advance of its crude state in ancient times, when, between 1846 and 1853, the last railroad was finished, and not only societ\f, but the material welfare of the town and county also, assumed posi- tions at one bound abreast of the high civili- zation of modern times. Concerning the first of the elements above alluded to, little needs to be said. The war was over. The Indian, as a disturbing ele- ment, ceased to exist. The dreadful war- whoop was forever stilled. The cabin door was no longer barred at night vnth ponderous beams of hewn timber to protect its inmates from the sudden rush of the wild and blood- bloodthirsty foe. Game became scarce; farms were enlarged and a little better cultivated; the necessities and exigencies of pioneer life no longer existed. Its dangers were past, and it fell into disuse and decay as the wel- come mantle of peace, security and law cov- ered all. Now the second element in promoting the advance in civil society and in refinement be- gan to appear. Persons came upon the scene who were unacquainted with the life of the pioneer and the reasons for it. The}' intro- duced other manners and customs and speech. In 1823, Henry Snyder came into the town to live. Dr. Lord appeared upon the scene in 1823. He was from Urbana. Robert Patter- son came from liicking County with a family in 1824. He sohl plows, castings and hard- ware. In 1825, Benjamin McClure, an Irish- man, came into the village. He taught school. The same year, also, came the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, from Washington Co., Penn. He was a man of learning, a good or- gaiMzer, and of excellent executive ability. His work had great influence in placing the Presbyterian Church upon a firm basis, as well as in other directions of value to the commu- nity. It was in the year 1825 that Logan County was visited by a severe tornado. It is well enough to fix dates, when possible, with ac- curacy. The date of this storm has been placed on June 34, 1825, by the author of a printed work on the history of Logan County. In attempting to verify this date, we have met with some diiBculties. One old pioneer — a child when the catastrophe occurred — ^wishing to be very exact, says it was " just about the time the bark began to peel." Another says that it occurred when " Mariar was three weeks old," etc. John Houtz, who was a well-grown youth at the time, and was beside his father's house when it was destroyed by the storm, is positive that it took' place on the 18th of May, 1825. This date is also given bv a daughter of William Powell, who still sur- vives, and whose memory is excellent. These two witnesses, coming independent of each other, are of undoubted authority, and the date given by them is certainly correct. Fortunately, the settlements were few and the damage done was small compared with the violence of the storm. It approached Bellefontaine from the direction of Silver Lake, demolished the brick house of Leonard Houtz, situated outside the northwestern limits of the corporation, and, continuing in its east-north-east course, it crossed Rush Creek Lake, and for thirty miles beyond de- stroyed all the timber in its path. It struck Bellefontaine at 12 o'clock M. Anthony Casad, a lawyer, came from Green County in the year 182G. About the year 1827 or 1828, came William and Jackson McClure, good mechanics and intelligent men. In 1820, also, came George ShulBcton with his family, from Virginia. N. Z. Mc- Colloch, who had been here some time pre- viously, married one of the ShuiSeton girls. v> 342 HISTORY OF T.OGAN COUNTY. Thomas Coen, a carpenter, also came at an early day- Iliram McCartney and Samuel Walker, lawyers, were early settlers from abroad. Tommy Good, a blacksmith, worked where John Canby's store now is. Then came Capt. William Watson, a brick-mason, and Thomas Armstrong, a merchant. Dr. B. S. Brown came in 1828. Ruben B. Arnold came from Harrison County in 1829. Gen. I. S. Gardner came from Virginia in 1830. Gen. Gardner established a store for the sale of merchandise. He at once took a promi- nent position as a merchant, which he retained until ho retired. John W. Marquis came in 1832 ; he retained a position as a prominent business man up to the period of his death. Also, in the year 1832, came John B. Miller, Abednego Davidson, R. T. and David Cook. Johft Miller, the silversmith, came in 1834; and also came, in the same j'oar, Benjamin Stanton and Walter Slicer. The Hubbards came about the same time. Judge Lawrence came here in 1841. This is only a partial list of citizens who adopted Bclle- fontaine as their home in its infancy. Some of these gentlemen were mechanics, some merchants and some professional men, l)ut all of thoin were substantial and useful men, guided in their lives by })rineiples of hon- esty and industry. The merchants usually carried on a general merchandise business; that is, they kept nearly all classes of goods — groceries, hard- ware, dry goods, leather, shoes and provisions. Much of the merchandise sold by tliem was purchased in Baltimore and brought over the mountains in wagons. 3d. We now come to the consideration of the third element, active in producing the change in social and domestic life that was going on for a series of years, from the time of the early pioneer until that generation of people ceased to exist. That clement was the new generation that came upon the stage as the old times passed away. The people we have mentioned had families more or less ad- vanced in 3'ears. They early applied them- selves to procuring good teachers for their children. Some of the first of the new class of teachers, if we may designate them thus distinctively, were Mary Pierce, a relative of the future President of the United States, Mrs. Mason and John Wheeler. This gentle- man seemed to have taken a strong hold upon the affections and imaginations of his pujjils. He had the faculty of making the road to knowledge smooth, and of inspiring tie students with a love of knowledge for its own sake. Subsequently, Miss Mary Ladd taught a select school. Daniel Hopkins was another select school-teacher. Tlie distin- guished poet. Coats Kinney, taught a high school in Bellefontaine at one time. It is hardly necessary to say that the churches having become organized and per- manently established, began to exert upon society, both in its older and younger mem- bers, a benificent influence. The families of the new comers, with their various accom- plishments and peculiarities, together with the growing children of the older citizens, be- ing educated in an entirely new school, be- came in their habits of life and modes of thought, to saj' nothing of their subjects of reflection, very different from the pioneers composing a generation then passing away. It will bo remembered that the original pioneers have all gone to their last repose, from thirty to fifty years ago. These were the men of the " Golden Fleece" — the " Ar- gonauts," whose lives were full of romance and adventure. Time has mellowed the as- perities of their character, and of their deeds, and enveloped them in a haze of purple and golden light. The generation of men who settled in the limits of Bellefontaine in the first fifteen years of its existence, have gone only rcnentl}-, or linger yet for a moment to ^' HISTORY OF LOGA:^ COUNTY. 343 look their last upon the green fields of time. Their children are the business men and ■women of to-day. Many of the citizens of Bellefontaine of the present time, up in mid- dle life, some of them, and some past it, be- lonof to the new generation of children and youths just under consideration. Of them we have the Marquises, the Pattersons, the Ste- vensons, the Lords, the McCollochs, the Gardners, the Davidsons, the Kennedys, the Newells, the Cooks, the Arnolds, the Powells, the Millers, the Adamses, the Lawrences, the Hubbards, the McLaughlins, the Kerrs, and many other leading, substantial, and en- lightened men and women. Between the years 1849 and 1851, ^lessrs. James Walker, James Kernan, and Wra. H. West, settled in Bellefontaine. These gen- tlemen, with the assistance of William Law- rence and Benjamin Stanton succeeded in wresting entirely the legal practice from the hands of lawyers from Urbana and Spring- field, who had done a considerable business in Bellefontaine from the formation of the county. From the social and intellectual develop- ment of Bellefontaine, it is but a step to the consideration of its material advancement. Although the progress in intelligence and the accomplishments was creditable and steady under the influences we have named, the town presented up to 1846 rather a poor appear- ance. Although it had increased somewhat in area as time progressed, the character of the improvements were still of an inferior quality. The town seemed to have swelled rather than to have srrown. The buildino-s were very plain; the streets were muddy, and the sidewalks unimproved, except in a very limited degree. Very much of that improve- ment consisted merely in laying down flat slabs of limestone, without much attempt at symmetry or neat fitting joints. As early as 1840 the projected Mad River and Lake Erie railroad was a subject of considera- tion. Liberal subscriptions were raised in the town of Bellefontaine to aid in that enter- prise, but the documents are not at hand which will disclose specified sums. This road was not completed until 1847, but in anticipation of its completion, the afi'airs of the town began to assume a more promising aspect. In 1840 William Rutan came to Bellefontaine, and purchased certain desirable lots, amongst others the corner lot upon which is located the Peoples' National Bank. Mr. Rutan was the partner of Abner Riddle, who moved his family here in 1848. These men at once began improving their property. They moved the old buildings from the corner to localities farther west, and erected a three story brick house, with a front- age of fifty-five feet. This they occupied partly as a hotel for a time, but finally con- verted it entirely into business rooms. In 1853 the Bellefontaine & Indianapolis Railroad was completed. The town and county began to advance rapidly in pros- perity. Andrew Gardner and others built the Metropolitan Block, and several other valuable buildings went up. The surrounding country quickly responded to the central im- pulse. Warehouses were at the doors of the farmer; the wheat market was removed from a distance and brought into the neighborhood of the husbandman. No longer receiving fifty cents a bushel at Perrysburg and De- troit, he received one dollar a bushel for wheat at home. Brush fences quickly disappeared in flame and smoke; land was cleared; new fences were made, and old ones improved; fields ceased to be shapeless patches; calicoes, and even laces and silk, invaded the region so long held by home-spun in the cabin of the farmer. The cabin itself gave way to a new house; prosperity spread like a flying glint of sunshine over the whole land, and schools and intellectual and artistic improvements ^1 ?A4 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. drove away the ignorance and loutishness of a retired, solitary and laborious life in the country. As more acrps were cultivatod, ag- ricultural machinery improved and multiplied, until the farmer, from being the dependent of the town, bejrsrins: a little credit and for- bearance, became the lord of the land, owned the soil he cultivated, and had money to lend. So the affairs of the town and th(! country alike were moving satisfactorilji- along. In the town business became in a great measure settled, classified and systenuitized. The stores were no longer magazines of general merchandise. Taylor & Chambers and An- drew Gardner were dry goods merchants; J. N. Allen had a hardware store; others were dealing iQ boots and shoes, some in drugs, and some in groceries ; and all wore gliding swifth' and smoothly on to fortune. But there was now impending an unfore- seen and terrible calamity. On the night of November 1, 18.50, at 10 o'clock, there went fonh the crj- of fire. The stable or barn behind the llutan building was discovered to be in flames. The weather was and had been dry; there were no puldic cisterns or fire de])artnient; private wells and a little spring branch were the main sources of supply for extinguishing a hideous conflagration. The people worked bard hour after hour; two acres were burned over; thirty-one business places were destroyed; goods of ever}' de- scri])ti()n were piled niion the streets and public squares. Happily, no lives were lost. The great, proud llutan building went down in ruins. ScarlFs row, where the Watson IMock now stands, was reduced to ashes. The buildings on both sides of West Columbus street were burned up; the main buildings north of Columbus street, upon the west side of Cincirmati street, were also consumed. Many other buildings took fire, but were e.\tiiigiiislied. The ne.xt day (Sunday) was oncj of gloom and despondency. The winter was at hand, and no successful effort at resus- citation was made; but when spring came, and the genial season of renewed life and renewed growth came, the elasticity of human hope asserted itself, and the process of build- ing new and buihling better began. Rutan and Riddle led the way. These people had amassed some capital by means of honest industry and honorable trade. They had lost over S'20,000; they held the ownership of certain large tracts of land, bought low for the purpose of speculating in the rise of property. These they sold as best they could, and from the proceeds the building where the People's National Bank now is, and the row of business houses extending west- ward to and beyond the alley were built. Others followed their example, and enter- prises, more or less co-operative, resulted in the erection of Allen's Block and the Melo- deon building, with a hall for public exhibi- tions. Soon after the Watson and Lawrence corner and the long row of excellent build- ings west of it followed; then came the Buckeye Block, the Empire Block, the Tre- mont Block, and other valuable blocks of buildings. At the present time, there is in coiu'se of erection the Opera House Block, containing ten of the most elegant business rooms of which any town of the grade of Bellefontaine can boast. By far the greatest individual enterprise that has distinguished the citizens of Belle- fontaine in the way of building was that of Thomas Miltenberger, in the erection of th(! hotel bearing his name. The building is of the most substantial description, is finished in the best style, and contains all mi idem improvements. It is 57 feet one way and 130 the other. It is three stories high, and cost in round numbers j>45,000. Having thus completed our review of the early material development of Bclhffontaine and Lake Township, it will be proper to ^' HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 345 notice several topics which are not essential to the narrative in general. We will first give a brief account of the several additions that have been made to the area of the town at various times. Its incorporated limits are so extensive, and its external borders so atten- uated, that the following enumeration seems necessary in the way of explanation. J. S. Dawson made an addition to tlie southeast part of the town in 18-45. It is proper to say that the gentlemen making additions to the southern part of the corporate limits were public spirited enough to add thirty feet to the southern corporation street, making what is now Auburn street sixt\' feet wide; while all the other old corporate limits remain, as at first, thirty feet wide. The single exception is in the south-western angle of the old cor- poration just south of the Round House. The old thirty-foot street remains for the length of a single lot only. Gardner's addition was made in 1849. Walter Slicer laid of}' an ad- dition to the southern part of the town in 1849. Beddows' addition was made in 1850. He made a second addition; this was to the south-western portion of the town. McCol- loch's addition was made in 1851. Western addition was made by Gardner in 1851. Pow- ell's first addition to the northern part of town was recorded in 1851; he made subse- quent additions. Aylesworth made his addi- tion on the west in 1851. Stanton laid out an addition in 185G. He made subsequent additions, this was on the north-east. Julia Powell made the trans-depot addition in 1866. D. W. Hoge made the East Grove addition in 1869. Lawrence made an addition in 1870 on the west. Rambo's addition was made in 1871. Howenstine's addition was made in 1872. Eslie Powers made an addition in 1878. There were other additions, the re- cords of which are not attainable, as: Nel- son's addition, McBeth's addition, etc. In the year 1871, there was a renumbering | -r*- of the lots of the whole town. The several additions, each comprising a few lots only, had made the distinction of lots as numbered, difficult. The lots of the entire town, in- cluding the additions, were numbered over again; so that by consulting a schedule in the oflSce of the County Recorder, the old num- ber, with the corresponding new number of every lot can readily be seen. While considering isolated topics con- nected with the history of Bellefontaine, which are complete in themselves, but which are also of importance as associated with that history in the abstract, the subject of the Fire Department shAuld receive attention. As might be expected, soon after the destructive fire of Xovember 1, 1856, a movement was made toward establishing a fire department. The munificent sum of $18.75 was appropriated to pay for 150 feet of ladders. In due time committees reported on eight fire ladders, but they were not painted. It was ordered that these ladders be painted a " cheap and dura- ble color." Also certain fire-hooks, with coil chain attached, were debated upon in council. The gross amount of expenditure on behalf of the new Fire Department, was in the neigh- borhood of 838 or 830. But in order that these valuable adjuncts to the extinguish- ment of conflagrations should not be lost or stolen, it was ordered that a carpenter should build a shed behind the court house, for the safe keeping of the above named fire extin- guishers. The material and work expended in the erection of this shed cost 824.24. This was a miserable business altogether. The much wagging of the sagacious heads of members of counil had not yet resulted in any phenomenal climax. But the time came when it was clear to men of sense that money must be expended or there would be no de- fense against fire. Accordingly, we find that upon March 8, 1858, an order was made that " $1,500 be given to the Committee on Fire ejv tnl 34G HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. Engine, Hose and Hose Reel," to pay for the machines therein described. Tliisenfrinc was worked l)y hand, and was, no doubt, a fair sample of such machines. But it was very hard to move, and very hard also to work. There was no paid department, although there was a formal organization of a fire conijiany, still it was rather up hill work. It was difficult to get sufficient force together quickly to move the engine, and equally difficult to get enough hands to work it readily. Nevertheless, it did valuable service on many occasions. There was a smaller, and more portable engine in- troduced by the youths of the town, that in several emergencies, bj- reason of its lightness and facility of handling, did e.\ce!lent service when the other and stronger engine was not available. There were also some hook and ladder companies, which were, and are yet, most valuable auxiliaries to the Fire Department. These were independent companies, and, as a rule, supported by the citizens, although the Town Council would occasionally extend some aid. In the meantime cisterns were being sunk for a supiily of water, in case of fire. On the 11th of October, 1858, §34.5 was ordered to be paid to J. D. Lindsay for six " town cis- terns." There are now twelve town cisterns. It became evident, as time passed, that the Fire Department was inadequate to the grow- ing possibilities requiring its services. After much consideration an onlinance was passed, December 23, 187r>, purchasing a steam fire engine, which, with certain hose, but without hose-reel, cost :^4,30a. The reel was, of course, bought afterwards. This engine will throw three streams at one time, and has proven itself to bo reliable. Three horses . belong to the Fire Department, two of them go with the engine proper and one with thi' liose- reel. They arc well trained, and know their places and duties. The Fire Department is now strictly a " pay" institution. It consists of nine men. The Chief gets $100 per an- num. Three of the men receive an aggre- gate of 11,140 per annum ; the other five men, for sleeping in the engine house, receive each §20 per annum, making a grand total of $1,340 per annum. The five men receiving the $20 per annum for sleeping in the engine-house also receive $1.50 for each run u])on the alarm of fire. These sums, together with the necessary horse feed, light, fuel, etc., will not fall short of $3,000 per annum. This does not include repairs. There are attached to the Depart- ment two hose reels — one drawn by horse- power, the other by hand. There are 1,600 feet of hose in good repair. From an alarni of fire until the, horses are reiidy to fly to the scene of disaster, the time does not exceed thirty seconds. This is altogether an inqwrt- ant and substantial inqirovement on any vol- unteer activity, no matter how relialdc. Everybody knows that a great thing in fires is to be at the scene early; and that great de- sideratum is assured by the Fire Dej)artment now in existence. The ordinance reorganiz- ing the Fire Department and adopting its present form was passtnl .January 10, 1879. In the year 1851), it was determ»ied to build a suitable house for the fire engine and the other appurtenances of the Department. Ac- cordiiio'lv, bids were received, and finally, on December 13, 1859, the house was formally accepted, by a committee appointed for that pui-])Ose, from the hands of its builders. The price paid was $1,335. The room is now occupied by the steam fire engine, the old hand machine having been sold and taken away. On the 8th day of August, 185C, the cor- poration limits of the town were extended. The various additions, made and in prospect, to the area of the town, had rendered this movement imperative. By the authority of n- HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 347 an ordinance, a survey was made, and the new limits established. The area of the town proper was made to reach one mile and a half from east to west, and one mile from north to south. The form of the outline was an ob- long square, the opposite lines being equal and parallel, and the angles right angles. The center of the town was not moved, but remained the same as at first, namely: the crossing of Cincinnati and Columbus streets, northwest of the public square. The school fund collected in 1870 in Belle- fontaine amounted to $7,543.90. The same fund collected in 1875 was §7,617.80, while the same fund in 1879 was §11,443.74. The increase is accounted for by the augmented expenses incident to the building of the new house for union school purposes in the eastern part of the town. The condition of the school fund in Bellefontaine on the 31st of August, 1879, was as follows : Cash on hand 5:10,634 09 State tax ],6o0 00 Local tax 11,443 74 From foreign scholars 78 2'> Teachers' salaries 5,GGS 7") Superintendent's salary 1,000 00 Fuel and incidentals 4.4.59 81 Cash on bonds for school buildings 6,880 00 The statistics of the property and the expen- ses of the schools of Bellefontaine are as fol lows: Number of schoolhouses, including colored school 3 Number of rooms 16 Value of school property §30,000 Number uf teachers 16 Wages : Ladies, primary department, per month §37 Gentlemen, primary, per month 35 High school, ladies, per month 45 " gentlemen, per month 65 Duration of school per year, in weeks 36 Number of pupils enrolled, white 903 " " " colored 73 Total number of pupils 976 The number of pupils engaged in the study of sciences not included in the common school course are: In composition 700 Drawing 712 Map drawing 102 U. S. history 113 Physiology 33 Physical geography 30 Book-keeping 14 Latin 21 Natural philosophy 14 Algebra 32 Geometry 17 Trigonometry 13 Cliemistry 14 Botany 14 In addition to these, there are classes in moral atid mental philosophy, astronomy, logic and rhetoric. The statistics of Lake Township, not in- cluding Bellefontaine, as to school finances on the 31st of August, ]879, were as follows: Cash on hand, §880.41; State tax, §.321; local tax, §029.21; amount paid to teachers, §642; fuel and contingent expenses, §137.57. The schoolhouses in Lake Towjiship, of course, are not many in number. It will be remem- bered that the township consists of but a few square miles altogether. Exclusive of Belle- fontaine, tlie number of school buildings in the township is three; the number of school rooms, three; number of teachers, three; wages, ladies, per month of four weeks, §.')5; gentlemen, §40; number of pupils enrolled, 307; value of school property, §2,500. It is due to the citizens of Lake Township to say that they contribute scholars to the High Schools of Bellefontaine, and that they are entitled to the credit of an ambition for a high school education. This fact the statis- tics of the township does not show. In contrast with the above, we present some figures derived from the public records, show- ing the facts connected with the schools of Lake Township in 1801 — the earliest report connected with that subject available. It should be remembered that this date was sev- eral years after the Union School system had been in successful operation in Bellefontaine. In that year the school funds of Lake ^ f 34S HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Township were in the condition following: Cash on Jiaml §134 17 Stale tax 2il4 -.'.C, Irrejiicible school fuiul 08 30 Ueal lax .■... 2(10 00 Pay of teachers S43 50 Fuel ami inciilentals 104 59 Number schoolhouses G Number pupils curollcJ 124 For the same year the school affairs of Bellefontaine were reported as follows: Cash on haml 51,018 48 State tax 1,152 ;)G Local tax 1,82(1 00 Pail teachers 3,20:3 30 Fuel anil inciilentals 605 98 Number of school rooms 9 Pupils cnroUcil, inclmlini; colored 808 Value of school propeity §10,000 The first Union School building was fin- ished in 18.33. It cost, including- the ground upon which it stands, between $11,000 and $12,000 For a niiinber of years before this buildiiiir was erected, the citizens of the town had been making efforts to maintain a select school, with but partial success, and consider- able inconvenience. In addition to names already given 'of prominent school-teachers, Miss Frizzell taught a school, not onlv "-ivinT instructions in the sciences, but in "manners," also. The hardest task some of her pupils encountered was the "Good evenin"-. Miss Rheny Ann," which she compelled hor pupils to say w-ith a bow or courtesy upon dismiss- ing school at night.. In 185-1 the Union School was organized and started -with a Superintendent and full corps of teachers, and has contiimod to pros- piT up to the present time. After twenty years, it became apparent that the old school building was not sufTicient to accommodate tiie children of the growing town. As usual, a good deal of talking was indulged in, but in 1878 the new school building, situated about one ficpiarc east of the old corporation litii-, and on Columbus street, was received from the hands of its builders. The contract price was |i:26,500, but heating apparatus, seats and other furniture, grading and improving the grounds, putting up an excellent iron fence, increiised the expense to about 835,000. It is a very hiindsome and commodious struc- ture. The seats and desks are of the latest and most approved pattern. The building is allotted to the primary pupils, in the east half of the town, and to the high school students of the -whole town, while the old school build- ing is set apart for the primary s(-ho!ars of the -western half of the town only. One Superintendent is employed for the entire school department. In addition to the two Union School build- ings, there is a very good brick structure, of sufficient size, set apart for the colored school. This de])artinent is instructed by a colored teacher, and is a verj- creditable school. It embraces not only the subjects of study be- lonijing to elementarj' branches, but it has a hisrh- school 'ffrade also. There are two banks in Bi^llefontaiiie. The Peoples' Bank was established in JFareh, 1854, by Messrs. Riddle, Rutan and Lamb. It did a general banking and exchange busi- ness, both foreign and domestic, discounting paper and receiving deposits for twenty-six years. The first da^- of July, 18S0, it was re-organized under the name of "The Peo- ples' National Bank." Its capital is fil 00,000. The officers of the bank are: President, Abner Riddle; Cashier, Robert Lamb; I )irectors, A. Riddle, R. Lamb, J. M. Riddle, J. M. Dickin- son, R. B. Kellar, J. B. Williams. Tlio Bellefontaine National ISank opened for business April 1, 1871. The officers were: President, M'illiain Lawrence; Cashier, .lames Leister; Assistant Cashier, Charles McLaugh- lin; Directors, William Lawrence, W. V. Marquis, J. N. Allen, .1. B. McLaughlin, S. W. Goe. Capital, ^100,000. There have been a number of mills of various kinds established in Lake Township ^ i, HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 349 at different periods of its history. It may be mentioned here that John Horn built a saw- mill on Tucker's Run, a little more than a mile due north of Bellefontaine, about half a century ago. It fell into decay many years since, and has entirely disappeared. N. McMichael built a steam saw-mill on tiie Roberts property, on the Rushsylvania road, at about the same time. This was rather more than two miles a little east of north of Bellefontaine. This mill also long since ceased to exist. David Cook and David Robb, about the year 1833, built a grist-mill on Blue Jacket, the remains of which may still be seen a few rods north of the Fair Grounds. Another mill in Lake Township, a grist-mill, mostly for custom work, is situated on Blue Jacket Creek near the point where it enters Harrison Township. It is the property of D. W. Kay lor. Reuben V. Green is the proprietor of the oldest existing saw-mill in Lake Township. This mill is located in the north-eastern por- tion of Bellefontaine, a square beyond the original corporation line. It was built in 1848. It has been greatly improved recently, employing from five to eight hands. Its capa- city is from five to-eight thousand feet of lum- ber per day. It requires 8"2,000 to pay for the labor necessary to carry it on per year. C. A, Walker established, in 1879, a saw, scroll and planing mill in the north-western part of the town. This mill employs seventy hands with a we^khf expenditure of §1,500. It saws lumber and furniture stuff. The market for this class of material is found mostly in New York and Boston. Fifty horses are employed in hauling logs. A great many logs are also brought from a distance on the cars. Railroad freights against the mill are about §G00 per month on the incoming material, and about 81,000 per month on that which is exported. This difference is explained by the local teams hauling logs in large quantities from the neighboring country. Thirteen acres of land are connected with this mill, and about S18,- 000 invested in it. Two extensive side tracks connect this mill with both the railroads. There are two planing-mills and lumber- yards in the town. That of Thatcher & Dick- inson is located between the railroads. In the whole business are invested about $13,000, and it employs from six to eight hands. The an- nual sales amount to from §50,000 to §75.000. The lumber-yard and planing-mill of Wil- liamson & LeSourd is in the eastern section of the town. The proprietors employ nine hands at an expense of S80 per week. For the six months ending July 1, 1880, the sales amounted to §G0,000. Capital, §13,000. There is an extensive woolen mill located in the town. This mill at the present time is engaged exclusively in the manufacture of hosiery. Sixteen machines are running on this work. The establishment employs fifty hands. The expense of running the mill, ex- clusive of stock, is in round numbers §700 per week. Thej- use about §100 worth of wool a day. Colton Brothers, proprietors of the Belle- fontaine steam flouring mill, estimate their capital at §25,000. Their mill has five run of buhrs. There are eight men employed in the establishment. The capacity of the mill is 500 barrels of flour per week. There are three establishments engaged in the carriage manufacturing business. The Miller Carriage Company manufactures bodies and the other wood work of carriages and buggies exclusively. This company employs thirty hands. Miller Brothers are the pat- entees and proprietors of the "Eureka" car- riage body. O. S. Goodwin manufactures finished work; he employs fourteen hands. Ilis expenses are about §550 per month. He turns out about fifty finished jobs per annum, at an avcraa-e value of §175 each. 350 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. The establishniftnt of Falte, Green & Co. use material to the amount of §5,126 per annum. They pay for labor §3,598. Their manufactured work is worth about $6,500 per annum, and their repair jobs amount to §3,500. There are two foundries and three machine shops in the limits of the town, one in the south-western part of the town — was originally established in 1840; another estab- lishment is owned by Joseph Humphrey, in the northeastern portion of the town. Mr. Humphrey is well known as an accommo- dating gentleman and an ingenious machinist. Bowman & Son are the proprietors of another excellent establishment of the same kind in the southern part of the town. Besides these, a considerable number of manufactur- ing enterprises are carried on in the township and town, such as cooper shops, tile factories, brick-yards, potteries, furniture, cigars, etc. Three firms are engaged in purchasing wool in Bellefontaine. The amounts bought by these firms respectively for the year 1879 were as follows: K. Patterson, 173,000 pounds; value §62,000. .Tames R. Gardner, 101,000 pounds; value, §29,000. Kerr Bros., 61,490 pounds; value, §22,146.40. Total pounds, 337,490. Total value, §123,146.40. The amount of wheat bought for the same year by Messrs. Boyd & Sons, Colton Bros., and Kerr Bros., was 232,200 bushels; value, §274,480. Other grains and seeds, estimated, §40,000; hogs, estimated, §100,000; cattle and horses, estimated, §50,000. Grand total of agricul- tural exports, §587,626.40. It will be observed that there is no milling or other manufactured or mechanical products included in this esti- mate. The public buildings in the town were erected, of course, by the county at large, and a statement of the facts concerning them be- longs to another department of this work. The buildings of the town proper were the outcome of private enterprise and capital; but there were certain improvements .that were the work of the municipal authorities. Of these we have noticed the Fire Department and the Public Schools. The street improve- ments, the gas works, and the free turnpikes centering in the tow-n, were the offspring of the corporate authorities. These remain to be described. The town of Bellefontaine was incorporated by an Act of the Legislature, dated February 19, 1835. The copy of this Act belonging to the town was destroyed, with other pajiers, in the great fire of 1856. As the Acts of Legis- lature, previously to 1840, were not alphabet- ically inde.ved, several failures attended our attempts to acquire exact information on this subject. We are indebted to the efl'orts of Hon. James Walker for our final success. We have spoken of the great and sudden improvement in the town and surrounding country, growing out of the building of the railroads that traverse the county and intersect at Bellefontaine. While these roads improved the country, as a whole, in an emi- nent degree, and while they greatly augmented ■ the imj)ortance of Bellefontaine in every ma- terial resj)ect, still they had a certain influence in retarding the advancement of that town. The very facilities aiTorded by these railroads enabled small villages in the interior of the county, situated upon them, to compete with the county scat in the way of trade of every kind. These little towns had good mercan- tile establishments. Thi^y bought goods in the East, and exported directly to the eastern market every kind of produce the country afforded. So far this was a loss to Bellefon- taine. Tliis advantage was maintained by these several stations of trade through the fact that the highways of the county were extreme- Iv bad for at least five months in the year. Much of the surface of Logan County is of clay, and the roads are sim])ly imjiassable in the winter and spring for loaded wagons. '5/ .tj@ ■k HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 35r; Hence, an immense amount of trade was con- fined to the local marts in various parts of the county. Tliere was a great amount of timber in remote parts of the county, -which was really an incumbrance, and was remorselessly cut down and burned in log heaps. Now comes a record of a great stride forward in the prosperity of Bellefontaine. It is incontestible that the last ten years of tjie growth of the town has been out of all proj)ortion to its eailier promise, or even great advancement upon the establishment of rail- roads. This fact is owing to the building of a grand system of free turnpikes, nearly all centeriiijr at Bellefontaine. It is true some of them point in other directions, but even then the country tapped by them has also ready access to the county-seat. The author- ities of the town, by some inspiration, per- ceived the usefulness of these pikes, and acted upon that knowledge. On the 17th of May, 18G7, the Town Council appropriated $50,000 to assist in building such pikes as entered directly into the town. Hence, we see certain appropriations made and paid, as for instance, §800 per mile for the Northwood Pike, tiSOO per mile for the HuntsviHe Pike, $500 per mile for the Jerusalem Pike, etc. In fact, every pike entering the town has been liberally aided by it. Now people haul wood, timber, grain and other products a distance of eight, ten or fifteen miles, which, before the pikes were built they could not do. These pikes have also invited trade of every con- ceivable description, from the remotest limits of the county, to an amount that has sur- prised the most sanguine. The consequence is, that the advancement of the town in wealth and prosperity is extremely gratifying. And these advantages have been fully recip- rocated, for the lands of the remote districts are steadily rising in value, and the people are growing in enterprise and enlightenment. The streets of Bellefontaine, until a very recent period, were in a poor condition; so, also, were the sidewalks. For many years, teams found it dillicult oftentimes to pull through. Little by little, the town, in a feeble way, improved in respect to these things. Grades were nowhere established, but a little srravel was thrown here and there in the worst places, and dog-fennel spread over the greatest part of the street area. The side- walks were in a condition that it is hard to describe. True, they received some attention, at the hands of the citizens at quit(> an early period, but the utmost that was attempted was the laying down of a few poOr bricks in the business part of the town, reaching a few hundred yards only, in extent. There were now and then a few feet of sidewalk laid down with flags of limestone, drawn from the quarries near at hand. But these flags were treacherous, and as the trusting pedestrian vaidted from stone to stone, keeping in view only a general progressive movement, ho be- times would assume an attitude the reverse of dignified. In other words, the Hag-stone upon which he based his hopes would slip from under his confiding heel, and he i would lay supine, configuring upon the receptive earth that appearance so dear to this heart of the patriot, namely: the spread eaglo. In June, 185G, the question of street and gutter improvements began to be seriously agitated. July, 1857, grades on Detroit and Chillicothe streets were established. August, 1857, there were several prominent ])oints on Cincinnati, Columbus and Chillicothe streets designated as grades. In 1858, other points of grade were established, and from that period to the present grades have been estab- lished at various points in the public streets, and improvements have followed. There was. a good deal of expensive filling and ex- cavating for a number of years. The bricks manufactured from the clay in this viciiiity Avere not very good, and the ?)^>. 354 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. walks made with them were not durable. After the ostaljlishinont of the grades, im- provements of the streets began to assume a more valuable and permanent character. Banks of gravel were purchased by the town authorities, and the contents lavishly spread upon the streets. They thus l)eeame, at a rather late day, it is true, thoroughfares crcd- italjlo to the place. They were, in fact, bet- ter than the sidewalks. But in the fall of 1871 Mr. A. G. Wright, an official on one of the railroads, laid down a sidewalk in front of his lot, fifty-five feet in length, with flag- stones from the quarries of Berea, Ohio. These flags were aliout five feet long, and from three to four feet wide. They were rectangular in shape, and when laid down presented a beautiful, smooth surface, with a de])th of four or five inches. This walk at once attracted the attention of property own- ers generally. It was ascertained that such a sidewalk could be laid down about as chcajily as the old, ankle-spraining brick walks. The result was, Mr. Wright was impor- tuned to procure flags for his neighbors. He went, at length, into the Ijusincss, and he laid down over six miles of Berea stone sidewalks. Afterwards, others pursued the same calling, and the result is that the town is now thorough- ly paved with beautiful and durable sidewalks. In the year 1873 the corporate authorities contracted with R. T. Covordale, of Cincin- nati, to build gas works. This was strictly a municipal undertaking, and the works yet be- long to the corporation. The price paid was ?i:}.j,000. A little more than 400 tons of coal are consumed in the manufacture of gas per annum. These works are in a healthy con- dition, being more than self-sustaining. Be- sides seventy odd street lamps, there are over 200 private consumers. There are 200 meters s(?t. There are over four miles of mains. The amount of gas manufactured at the pres- ent time is a littl^ more than half a million feet per annum. The works are under the control of a superintendent who, with several laborers, are paid by the corporation. An important enterprise undertaken and completed by the public spirit of private in- dividuals was the purchase of grounds and laying out of a new cemetery. The old lots donated by the proprietors of the town for the burial of the dead had become inadequate to fulfill the purposes for which they were in- tended. On the 14th of March, an associa- tion was formed with the view to the establishment of a new cemetery. The names of the incorporators were: William Fisher, Jared S. pawson, James W. Fisher, and S. L. Taylor. Under the supervision of this body, twenty acres of land were purchased on a rising ground nearly a mile northeast of the public square. The property cost $000. The purchase money was raised by sixty citizens contribut- ing iJlO each. This contrii)ution conferred the right on these gentlemen to the first selection of lots. The final organization was effected in 1851, at a meeting of the proprie- tors, of which Gen. I. S. Gardner was Presi- dent. The directors then chosen were Benja- min Stanton, William G. Kennedy, James B. McLaughlin, B. S. Brown, N. Z. McColloch and William Fisher. N. Z. McColloch was elected President of the Board of Directors; B. S. Brown, Secre- tarj', and William G. Kennedy, Treasurer. The ground was surveyed and the lots laid off and numbered. The Town Council pro- hibited people from buryinii their dead in the abandoned graveyard. The new cemetery was improved at once with walks and high- ways, and it is now a handsome and secluded spot, abounding in costly monuments and rare shrubs and llowers. The ])resent Direct- ors arc: E. Bennett, President; I. S. Gard- ner, Secretary; G. B. Thrift, Treasurer; Ed- ward Patterson and R. P. Kennedy. -®[v> HISTORY OF LOGAX C0U5TY. 355 The history of Bellefontaine would be incomplete without some notice of the secret and benevolent societies — organizations that exert a widespread influence throughout the country. The Masons, Odd-Fellows and Knights of Pythias are the most prominent of the secret societies represented in Belle- fontaine. The Masons, the most ancient of these, trace their origin back to a remote antiquity, and claim for their order an organ- ized existence at the building of King Solo- mon's Temple. But it is not our province to go into the antiquity of the Order, and we shall confine ourselves to its history in this town. Bellefontaine Lodge, No. 209, A. F. & A. M., was organized Octolser 28, 1851, William Fisher, W. M.; E. M. Shelby, S. W.; G. T. Appleton, J. W. Present officers: William McElree, W. M.; J. D. McLaughlin, S. W.; Isaac Ivens, J. W.; R. B. Kollar, Treas.; George W. Rife, Sec'y; William J. Law- rence, S. D.; M. Koogle, J. D.; George P. Johnson, Tiler. The Lodge numbers at pres- ent 127 members. Lafayette Chapter, No. GO, Royal Arch Masons, organized October 4, 1854, G. B. Thrift, High Priest; James Moore, Jr., King; R. T. Cook, Scribe. Present officers: W. H. Martin, H. P.; R. T. Cook, King; Sidney Nichols, Scribe; William McElree, Capt. of Host; I. N. Zearing, Treas.; George H. Allen, Sec'y. Number of members at present, 120. Logan Council, No. 31, Royal and Select Masters, organized October 20, 18G0, Joseph W. Evans, T. L G. M.; B. S. Brown, Dept. G. M.; Cyrus W. Fisher, Cond. of W. Present officers: R. T. Cook, T. I. G. M.; M. M. ilcCracken, Dept. G. M.; William McElree, Prin. Cond. of Work; Sidney Nichols, Capt. of Guard; C. F. Bradon, Cond. of Council; William McCoid, Troas.; George H.Allen, Secretary. Number of members at present, III. The Odd Fellows lost their records in the fire of 1S56. There have been certain changes and reorganizations in that order in Bellefontaine which has caused the surrender of original papers and the substitution of more recent ones. The first Lodge of the I. O. O. F. was organized in the year 1847, and was called Logan Lodge, No. 72. The names of its first officers cannot be now ascertained with entire accuracy. The present organiza- tion of the order is as follows: Bellefontaine Lodge, No. 72— L. B. Barker, N. G.; Al. Starchman, V. G.; George F. Brandon, R. Secy.; R. B. Kellar, P. S.; Andrew Peebles, Treas. Number of members at present, 149. Bellefontaine Encampment, No. 73, has for its officers: Eslie Powers, C. P.; Al. Starch- man, S. W.; John P. Cost, Scribe; John Dushane, H. P.; A. Peebles, Treas.; David Kerr, G. W. Number of members at present time 53. Wilfred Lodge, K. of P., was instituted May 5, 1874, by James Swope, Grand Chancellor. The officers were: R. H. Brown, P. C; O. C. Knapp, C. C; Isaac Ivens, V. C; \^'. H. Cretcher, Prelate; F. O. Batch, M. of H.; W. A. Arnold, M. of E.; S. M. Shurr, M. of F.; George T. Brandon, K. of R. and S. The present officers are: A. English, P. C; A. Bodey, C. C; R. F. Tremain, V. C; Frank Fox, Prelate; Walter S. Roebuck, M. at A.; John Kennedy, M. of E.; George Brandon, M. of F.; Frank Valentine, K. of R. and S. Number of members, about 80. We have now concluded the work allotted to us. We arc conscious of many defects. Sometimes the dates and coloring of facts may be to some extent erroneous. It has been impossible to verify all things. Satisfactorr records were often wanting; but it is hojjed and believed that errors, if any exist, are only of minor im]3ortance, and that the substantial points in our history have been correctly stated. 7]^ -t. 356 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. It is the work of the historian, usually, to commence his narrative in the infancy of society, and with the advancing centuries un- fold in painful story the moulding influences of civil and religious customs, of wars, of rev- olutions, and of intercourse with foreign na- tions in establishing a civilization pertinent to some particular State or nation. Our task has been different. We have commenced our story at a time within the memory of men now living. We find our characters at first surrounded by difficulties, dangers and hardships. We have found man with hands and brain alone placed in the midst of an unbroken wilderness, subjected to the peltings of the elements, the dangers of savage foes and wild beasts, and in the short space of seventy or eighty years wc find him surrounded by all the refinements and luxuries of the oldest and most civilized peo- ple. This implies an existence in the midst of a surging and whirling change, in personal and civil life, bewildering to contemplate, and assuredly very trying to the j)hysical. mental and moral nature of man. Un- doubtedly, such rapidity of change exhibits the protean nature of mind and soul, just as the unfailing abundance of the products of the soil proves its inexhaustible capacity and implies its unfathomable history. For example, place witliin the earthy soil the germs of the sweet cane, the bitter wormwood, the benefi- cent corn and the deadly night-shade; and, while all the science in the world will fail to detect the elements of either, in the air or in the earth, they will all grow and increase according to their kind, side by side. In a manner analagous, the facts of our history, as we have portrayed them, show the incxliausti- ble and illimitable qualities of the human mind. It is not only sufficient for the exi- gencies and changes of a single generation, but it cannot be palled or even satisfied with the infloiving weallii of manj' generations of ordinary life, leading it up in so brief a space from poverty and nakedness and ignorance to the affluence of the richest luxury of phj'si- cal and mental and esthetic enjoyment. JsoTE. — The history of the Churches of Bellefontaine, belonging in this chapter, having been misplaced, will be foujid in Cliapter II, page 217. ^^.f^y:^ ^•\* '^^i^^'^uit^j--^. v> HISToVvY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 357 CHAPTER IX. MIAMI TOWNSHIP— OBGAN'IZ.VTION—TEKr.ITORIAL CHANGE.?— PIOXEER CIVILIZATION— PROMI- NENT CHARACTERS OF THE E.\ULY COMMUNITV— CHUKCUE.S AND SCHOOLS. MIAMI TOWNSHIP of the earliest rec- ords was not very much like the town- ship of that name to-day. When the first white settler penetrated its unbroken wilds, and sought a home in the valley of the Miami River, he formed a township extending " from Urbaiia to the lake," and bearing the name of the river, the valley of which offered the great- est hope of the township's future growth. In 1818 the newly elected Commissioners contin- ued the name of Miami, the most westerly township of the four into which they divided the territory of Logan County. In 1832 the original township was divided into nearly equal parts, the northern half being known as Bloomfield. Of this upper part, Stokes was taken oif in 1838, and Bloomfield and Washington became separate townships in 1839. Two years later. Pleasant Township was taken off the northern part of Miami, leaving the latter a rectangular body about seven miles long, from east to west, and about three miles wide. As constructed now, it is the corner township of Logan County in the southwest, is bounded on the north by Pleas- ant, on the east by Union, on the south by the Champaign County line, and on the west by the Shelb}' County line. Two villages, Quincy and De Graff", located on the Miami River and the Indianapolis branch of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indian- apolis Railway, are the centers of population and business in the township. The principal stream of the township is the Great Miami River, which reaches some fifty yards in width in this region. It takes its rise in the Lewistown reservoir, in the northern part of the count\', and, flowing in a southerly course, enters Miami a little east of the middle point of its northern boundary. After penetrating the township in a southerly course for a mile or two, it takes a sudden turn to the west, passing along the northern part, leaving out the northwest corner. Its principal tributaries on the south or east are the Stony Creek and Buckongehelas. The latter enters the township from the north, just cast of De Graff, and, passing around the village, joins the Miami just south of it. Stony Creek, with its branches, carries off the drainage of the whole of the eastern part of the township, at the same time affording an outlet for Black Lake, a body of water in the eastern part of the township, covering a few acres of ground. The banks of these minor streams are low, and in the early time allowed the accumulated floods to sweep over the low valleys, converting them into marshes. The timber was thus exterminated, and a rank growth of grass gave this section the ap- pearance of a low, wet prairie, and is often spoken of in this waj' by the older citizens. This 23art of the township, though embracing some of the finest land, was for some time avoided by the early pioneers as unfit for cul- tivation, and dangerous on account of the miasma that hung about it. The process of " clearing," however, has wrought great changes, and this is some of the choicest farm- ing lands in Miami, though not entirely free from miasmatic influences. With this excep- tion the whole township was heavily wooded, the prevailing timber being oak in the eastern part, and beech in the western. The soil is a •^^ k- "e) V ik 35S HISTORY OF LOGAN COUN'TY. substantial clay, mixed and underlaid with extensive beds of limestone gravel. The soil in the western part of tiie township, as indicated b\' the beech timber, is rather tiiin and adapted principally to grazing, though large crops of corn are raised, which are shipped, or fod to the large number of liogs that are raised along the valley of the Miami. In the eastern part, wheat is grown to a con- siderable extent, and \-ields second only to the rich valley of the Mad River. The extent of bottom lands is very small, the banks of the Miami, as well as that of its tributaries, rising abruptly, almost at the brink of the stream, to a considerable elevation. Back from these streams the land is pleasantly roll- ing, but nowhere becoming broken and un- tillable. The eastern part of the township is given principally to the raising of grain, while the western is divided somewhat be- tween corn and the raising of stock, hogs being the principal feature of the latter busi- ness. In the early traditions of Miami is found the history of the whole western portion of Logan County. The tide of population com- ing from the southern counties, true to the traditions of pioneer emigration, sought the valleys of the larger streams. In this section of the county, the Miami River, which gave name and its valley lands to the township, at- tracted the early settlers, and following the eastern bank, the early community settled in a narr(jw tract of country, from what is now tlie upper part of Washington Township, to the site of Quincy, in this township. The community, thus extending over miles of ter- ritory, were bound together by all the social tics of the early times, and the traditions handed down to us are of this community as a whole. In following the necessary sco[>e of this work, it is obviously a difficult mattrT to make an equitable division of those traditions that are the common heritage of all. The imion of Pleasant with Miami is still more closely joined, as it was not until 1841 that tlieir interests wore divided. The first actual settlement in what is now Miami, or closely contiguous to its terri- tory, was made in 1805. Hearing of the Mad River country, as this wiiole section was popularly called by the members of the various military expeditions, .Jeremiah Stans- bury broke up his establishment at Chilli- cothe and came into the territorj' of what is now Logan County. Attracted by the open character of the valley of Stony Creek, he entered a quarter section on that stream in the eastern part of the township. Two sons, Jesse and Isaac, accompanied him, the former, it is said, bringing with him the wife of another man. It appears that the woman brought a span of horses belonging to her former lord, probably as pay for her services as housekeeper. The deserted husband, in order to get even with Stansbury, sent officers to arrest him, but the woman proved her lovalty by insisting that she brought the team with her, and that Jesse only followed her, which saved him from the hands of the officers. The father was extremely migratory and felt uneasy in anything but a new character. lie was inclined to be vindictive, and dill not hesitite to use any means to de- fend what he conceived to be his right. In this same vear George ^IcCulloch came here with a negro from Urbana to erect a cabin for his uncle. The Indians were still in full possession of this territory, and were viewing the steady advance of the settlements with ill-disguised feelings of jealousy. The oper- ations of these two families aroused the savages to the necessity of immediate action if the impending danger was to be averted. Tecumseh had long been inciting the Indians to do somrthiiig to stay the progress of th(> whites, and this incident sei'ms to have pre- cipitated their movements. The Indians 'f HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 359 suddenly convened a council to determine upon their action. The great warrior chief- tain, Tecuniseh, was present and used his most jiersuasive eloquence to bring about a collision with the settlers, but under the in- fluence of Kenton and others, their fear of the power of the whites, whose venffeance they had so often felt on many a disastrous field, gained the control and a peaceful course was decided upon. A feast, at which all the delicacies that the Indian could com- mand were served, was set forth in token of their peaceful sentiments. The forest was lighted b}' hundreds of torch lights, manufac- tured from the fat collected from the game, and the woods rang with the whoop of the Indians during the festivities of this ratifica- tion meeting. After several daj'S the feast closed, but confidence was not so easilv re- stored to the whites. They were too well ac- quainted with the character of the Indian, to think that so momentous a question should be so readily settled, and for a year or two the Stansbury's were the only families in the wil- derness of Miami. In 1808 Benjamin Schooler and the three Makenson brothers came to this vicinity. They had been old neighbors near Le.xington, Kj-., and hearing of the glories of this Northern country, made haste to got the first choice of the lands. They found, however, that others had been before them, and though there was but one or two families on the ground, others had bought the land in the southern part of the township. They went up on the Stony Creek, near the line of Pleas- ant Township, and put up their cabins. The Makenson brothers, John and Thomas, were unmarried men. Andrew had a wile, and made a home for all, while they cleared up their purchase. In the same year came Wil- liam Lee, and settled near where Mr. Hoist lives; Samuel Black settled on the east side of the lake which bears his name, in the east- ern part of the township. This property had been entered originally by Turner Davis, but he failed to come on it to live. Black was of Irish parentage, and had but little money. This he put into his purchase, and, destitute of almost everything, he lived in a little cabin on the border of the lake, subsisting his family for some time almost entirely upon fish, which were found in the lake in abundance. In the following year, Phillip Matthews came with his four sons — David, Philip, Jr., Henry and Alfred. The head of the family was a man of extraordinary size, and well advanced in years, and was considered in every way a great acquisition to the new community. About the same time, Robert Moore come from Penn- sylvania and settled where Mr. Huling now lives. He bought a quarter section, and by his stability of character and friendly disposi- tion, won the esteem of the pioneer settle- ment far and near. ''The Moore family," in the language of one of that time, " was a noted, number one family." John Moore, a son of this man, was early killed, by a horse running away with him and crushing him in the woods. Of the new-comers in 1810, per- haps the most notable was the family of James Shaw. Mr. Shaw was a native of Ireland and had been trained to a rigid observance of the Sabbath and Christian principles. It is said that the children marked the day by the regular weeklj' luxurj' of coffee, which was served once on this day alone. But even this reminder failed to keep the days of the week clearly in Mr. Shaw's mind, and he was found by a neighbor, one Sunday morning, industri- ously plowing out his corn. It was some time before he coidd be convinced that he was violating his deeply cherished principles, and he related afterwards that he could not sleep well for several nights on account of this serious miscalculation. He came from Berkeley County, Va., in 1807, and settled in Clarke County, Ohio. Three years later, he sold his property here and came to Miami, tMir -r^ ^^ it ft SCO HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. {rotting hero in December, of 1810. He fiist settlod on tlie place now owned by George Kinsingcr, and later, moved to the place where his son, now an old man, resides. There were two girls and four boys in his family, none of them grown up. In this year James Murphy came and settled on land just over the line, in Pleasant Township. He brought no family, but put up a cabin and made a deadening. This was a lonesome life, and he soon left, to return a few j-ears later, however, with a family'. On the other side of the river, John Moans came about this time and erected his cabin. This was familiar territory to him, as he had carried chain for tiie surveyor wlio made the original surveys in this country. Tory and Neal were the names of some squat- ters who took up their residence on the west side of the Miami l!ivor,and gavetlieir names to two of the smaller branches of that river. Means was the first settler west of the river, and a man of some property ; a fact that car- ried considerable iniluonce with it in the early community. The little community, thus planted in the wilderness, was princijially made up of set- tlers of limited means, and not generally well provided with the requisite means to mitigate the severities of frontier life. The purchases of land made by a large number of persons for speculative purposes, or held unoccupied for their children, caused the growth of the community to lag, and, thrown upon their own resources, it required the assembling of the settlers for mihs around, to erect a sim- ple log cabin. This was no easj' undertaking at that time, and under the disadvantages which they were forced to work, and it may not be inappropriate to copy a description of the maimer of those "raisings," from the pen of Judge Patrick, of L'rbana, not, as he says, •' for the enlightenment of the present gen- eration, l)ut from a desire to hand down to posterity tlie primitive structures up to 1820, believing that before 1920, this mode of building will have become obsolete and un- known." To this end, he says: "if a cabin was to be built from the forest, a leader was chosen, who was alwa\-s a man of experience, and dubbed cajitain. As an initiatory step, he would classify the congregated settlers, and assign to each their respective duties, about in this order: " 1. He would select four of the most expert ax-men as corner men, whose duty it was to first clear oflF the site, square it, and place a boulder at each corner to build upon, after !)0- ing duly leveled, then saddle and notch down the logs in good, workman- like order. "2. He would assign a sufficient number of suitable men to select, as near the site as pos- sible, the best large-growth, straight-grained white oak tree for clap-boards, whose further duty it was to fell it, and cross-cut it into suit- afjle lengths, split the cuts into square bolts, and with a fro rive them. Another branch of this classification was required in like man- ner to prepan! puncheons for floors, doors, windows, and chimney-corner jambs, out of such timber as was best adapted for the pur- poses, such as oak, chestnut or ash, which, when properly selected, could be made of sufficient length and width to make a good solid floor, when spotted on the underside at the ends out of wind, and to rest u])on sleep- ers i)laced at proper distances apart, with dressed, straight upper surfaces, and which, when top-drossed by a skillful adz-man, made a good substitute for i)lank, which, at an oai ly day, could not Le procmrMl. for want of saw- mills. " 3. He would select and detail such a num- ber as seemed necessary to cull out, as near the site as possible, straight, suitably sized standing trees, and fell them and chop them olV at suitable lengths for the proposed struc- ture, with teamsters to haul them in as they were lodged off. To this force were added -^ >?- HISTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY. 301 other teamsters, provided with rough wood sleds to haul in the clapboards, puncheons, and such other materials as would be neces- sary in the comj)letion of the cabin. These preliminaries being all successfully arranged, and being carried into effect, the loader would take his station and make proclamation to the balance of the forces, dire3ting thom to forth- with prepare smooth skids, the necessary num- ber of forks, with grape-vine or hickory withes around the prongs, and two or tlaree cross- sticks inserted through holes bored in the lower ends to give hand-hold to push by; and also to provide a sufficient number of hand- spikes, of tough, small, round hickory, dog- wood or iron-wood, some four feet long, with ends shaved smooth, to be used by the men to bear up the logs while in transit to the corner men, or to the foot of (he skids, as the case might be. Then the order would be pro- mulgated that no one but the captain should give any direction in the farther progress of the enterprise; and, as the logs would be hauled to the spot, he, with a glance of the eye, would make the necessary directions, and which would, by his order, be conveyed to the corner-men u]jon handspikes, with sturdy men at the ends, walking abreast on both sides of the log, bearing it up to its des- tination; then the second log was borne in like manner, each being placed, after being spotted flat on the under side, so as to rest level upon the corner-stones, as the end logs of the structure, equi-distant apart between the ends; then the ends would be prepared by the corner-men with what was familiarly known as the saddle, which consisted in this: The expert corner-men would chamfer or bevel off at an angle of, say, forty- five degrees each side of the ends of the logs, the two chamfers meeting at a point on the top center of the log, presenting an end view of the upper half of the log. This preparation is to re- ceive the transverse logs, notched at each end so as to nicely fit over the saddles. The two end logs having been placed and fitted as above described, the leader would select the two largest logs being straight for the front and rear bottom logs; being sills, these two logs, when in the hands of the corner-men, would be notched deeper than the other logs of the building, so as not to throw the floor too high from the ground. The comer-men at each end of the log would cut their notches so exactly, at the same angle and at the same time, so as to exactly fit their respective sad- les, that when put to the proper place would make a solid fit and out of wind. This dex- terity in corner-men, no doubt, gave rise to the old aphorism, ' He cuts his notches close.' " The four foundation loffS having all boon properly notched and saddled, and in their places, and, upon the usual tests, being found square, the next thing to be done was to cut in the sill the slots, or gains, to receive the sleepers, which, if on the ground, and pre- pared as already intimated by being scotched straight on the upper sides, were cut to right lengths and fitted at the ends so as to rest solidly upon said slots, and put in their'places, though this was frequently done after the building was raised. "All things prepared for the superstructure, the leader, still at his post, with shrill, empha- tic voice, selects a log, and his forces bear it to the corner-men, as already intimated, rest- ing one end of the handspikes on the top log already placed, rolling it upon the two sad- dled logs; it was then fitted and prepared in proper manner, and placed plumb on the wall by the practiced eye, aided by the pendulous ax hold loosely at tip of helve, between the thumb and forefingers of the experts. This routine being continued until the building was too high to reach and rest the handspikes, as heretofore described, upon the wall, then the skids, resting on the ground at the butt •t'lr- ->r -® pv HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. ends, would be reared up to the corners on the front side, and one end of the building, nearest the collection of the hauled-in timber; the logs one by one, selected as aforesaid, would be carried as before to the foot of the appropriate skids, and placed on them, and rolled up as far as the men could conveniently reach, and being stanchioned and held, the necessary number of forks were placed under each end of the log inside the skids, with lower ends held firinly down to the ground, were, by the order of the leader, manned at the cross-handles already described, at each end of the log, which was, at a given word, slid up the skids to the top, where, by hand- spikes, it would be thrown on top of the logs prepared to receive it. In this manner the building progressed to the required heighth, all being done with exact uniformity and celerity, and with dispatch and neatness fitted to their respective places in the wall. When the structure had been carried up to the square, the eave-bearere would be raised upon the two ends of the building. These pro- jected some twenty inches beyond the wall, and would be notched down and saddled back far enough to receive the timbers hereafter described. Then tlu; butting pole for the back side of the cabin would be shoved up to the front corner-men, and rolled to the back cave and notched down upon the saddles, pro- iectin'r some fifteen inches bevond the outside plumb of the wall, then the first rib would be sent up in the same manner, and rolled back to a proper distance inside of the butting pole, and notched down so as to give the pitch of the roof from the center of liutting pole to the top surface of said rib; then the corres- ponding timbers for the front of the cabin were]ilacod: Ihi-n tiie first two giible logs would be placed in notches cut into the ribs and chamfiM-ed at the ends to suit the pitch of the roof. The n'maining ribs anil gable logs being placed, thi- roof was then ready for the claplioards, which are laid down upon the ribs with tile lower ends resting against the but- ting poles, with small spaces between, which are top-covered so as to break joints. Knees out of the hearts of the clapboard bolts of proper length are prepared at each end, rest- ing endwise against the butting poles to hold the weight poles in place, which are laid upon the eave-courscs as nearly over the ribs as possible. In like manner, another course of clapboards is laid down with the lower end resting against the weight pole of the lower course. In this manner the roof is com- pleted." * This minute account from an eye-witness is a graphic picture of an undertaking which the present generation is apt to look upon as a very simple matter. But it needs only a careful jicrusal of the foregoing description to learn that scarcely less skill was required un- der the disadvantages of that time — without tools save an ax, without nails and with no mills — to put up a substantial d welling that would last for a score of years, and comfort- ably keep a family through the severest weather. And these structures were gener- ally completed in a day, with fire-place, chim- ney, doors and windows of the most primitive fashion, the whole being dedicated to the household gods by a frolic that lacked none of its relish because it had been earned by hard work. It is not difficult, however, to under- stand from this description, that in an under- taking which required only numbers in ad- dition to what nature and the ordinary piam in this vicinity became a broad lake tnat it was necessary to dam before the mill could become an active member of the community. The dam was some ten rods long, and was made of brush and logs in the ordinary way of such structures. When completed, the mill was leased to John Provolt, who contin- ued operating for some months, when it was burned. This was a serious calamity, but what added to the seriousness of the occur- rence was the fact that it was generally be- lieved to have been fired by an incendiary. Stansbury had had some serious disagreement with Provolt, in regard to the mill, and, from the known character of the man and other evidence, public suspicion pointed at once to Stansbury as the author of the conflagration. The mill was not rebuilt, and the settlement was forced to send once more to other mills. Spring Hill being at the time the nearest point. The settlement of other parts of the town- ship was much later than at the bend and up- per part of the Miami River. A little colony of substantial people gathered in the vicinity of where Olive Chapel now stands, among whom were the families of Abner Newman, ^'^ •> ■/» 3CG HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Nichols, Joseph Caiman, Jacob Kress, and Thomas Spollinan. The most of these fam- ilies came from Kentucky or Pennsylvania from IS'JO to 1828. Farther west was John Leach, from Kentucky, and on the river, on the site of Quincy, was .lames R. Baldwin from Berkeley Countj', Virginia. He was the earliest settler at this point. He >vas a tanner by trade, and early set about build- ing up a business in the new country. It may be said, in passinsr, that this point seemed especially adapted to the tanning business. A little later John Savior set up in the busi- ness a mile and a half southeast of Quincy and Thomas Turner about a mile down the river. He bought a quarter section of land situated on the high bluff ou the south bank of the river, and hoped to make his fortune out of the rise in land when the canal came up to that i)oint. In 1825 James Canby came from Lebanon, Ohio, and settled near the present site of De Graff. He was the first doctor in this part of the county, but, aside from his professional character, he was a stir- ring business man, and soon found out a way to employ his activities. He seems to have shared in the belief that slack water naviga- tion would extend up the river at that point, and, purchasing land here, he put up a grist- mill in 1828. Baldwin was the only resident at this point then, but the mill soon attracted emigration. Everybddy turned out and built the brush dam, which was unusually well strengthened and remains to this day, where tlie curious may see a sample of the engineering of the early time. Two run of stone were placed in the mill; one set of buhr stones were got from the " Haccoon Quarries, " while the other was the connnon "nigger liead," and were used simply to " crark " corn. Some years later, a saw-mill was added. Those industries attracted settlers from Clarke and Champaign Counties, and quite a community gathered about the future head of slack-water naviga- tion. In September, 1831, John Boll with his wife came to Quincy. He was a native of Berkeley County, Virginia, and an old ac- quaintance of Baldwin's. He had settle and put up the first store in the north part of the old town. His first start was in a sm;dl room in the end of his dwell- intr. His business grew, however, and later, in partnership with Manlove Chambers, did a brisk business. He afterwards met with finan- cial disaster, the first victim of a considerable number among the early business men of the tow'n. In 1830 Mr. Baldwin laid out a tier of lots on cither side of -Main street, aggregating thirty-four lots, and called it the village of Quincy, to express his ailmiration of John Quincy Adams. Three years later he adihd thirty-two lots adjoining the former on the Sf)uth, through which |>asses South street. In this same year, Miinlove Chandlers, who owned laud west of the town, jilatted a triangiilnr addition of twenty-three lots, about which Darlinirton, Liberty and Carlisle streets de- scribe the outlines. In 183(;, twenty-one lots were laid out on Walnut street, and twoyear.-i later Thomas J. Harriman added all that part lying directly on the river, and in 1830, the HISTOEY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Chambers addition was extended to take in nine more lots. The business growth of the village at first was rapid, and bade fair to be the only business center of the township. The failure of the canal to come to the aid of the ambitious little village was the first damper upon its prospects. Later, Mr. B ildwin en- gaged in merchandising, but failed to make a success of it. In his failure, he unfortunately seriously compromised the interests of the town. Ho had mortgaged the unsold portion of his land, h'ing between Carlisle and Can- by streets, and all south of the two Baldwin al- lotments. This property- was sold on a mort- gage of §8.3,000, and liought in by the mort- gagees. These parties lived in the East, and being persons of wealth, and believing the property to be valuable, kept it out of the market for some years, to the great detri- ment of the town. When the railroad came through, the land had come into the posses- sion of heirs, and they, cherishing the same notion, gave a libera! grant for depot jjur- poses, engaging the railroad company to put up various buildings, besides a water tank, but still held the lots. Whatever impulse that the railroad might have given, the growth of the village was thus materially modified. Within the last few years this property has been put in market, and is rapidly being built up. About 1845 W. and D. Josephs brought to Quincy a small stock of goods, and opened a store. They soon established an ashery, which proved to be a valuable investment. They were stirring, shrewd business men, and soon infused a vigor in the business life of the town that made it seem like anew place. As their trade increased they expanded their busi- ness, renting the mills, continuing their ashery, adding a tailoring department and increasing their facilities for handling dry-goods, gro- ceries, boots and shoes and hardware. It is said that in a two days' trip to Cincinnati they would purchase §10,000 worth of goods, buy- ing as high as ten hogsheads of sugar and fifteen to twenty sacks of coffee at a time. Six and eight clerks were kejDt busy waiting on the trade that came from all parts of the country, from Bellefontaine, Sidnev, West Liberty and other points. Their main build- ing was sixty-six feet long, with an L fifty- seven feet long, and the whole eighteen feet wide. In addition to this they purchased everything a farmer had to sell. Corn, wheat, hogs and cattle were bought in large quanti- ties, and it is said every empty building near their place of business was at times filled to bursting with grain. But there was another feature of their business that failed to receive its due weight with the farmers. They were the heaviest borrowers of money in the county, and almost every farmer in this section held their paper, with the most extravagant in- terest. After continuing business for some fifteen j-ears, there came a time when they found it difficult to meet the payment of a large bill in Cincinnati, and a hurried assio-n- ment was made with liabilities at $70,000. It was a terrible blow to the whole country around the village. Many farmers had lior- •■owd money at a low rate to loan to the Josephs at a higher rate of interest. Others had accepted notes for produce sold, and wore doing business on this paper, and, when the bubble burst, it is said that the town clerk was kept busy recording sales of chattel property which changed ostensible owners to save being levied on in consequence of this failure. This was the hardest blow at the prosperity of the town that had yet been given, and it seemed for a time as if the fatal symbol Ichabod had lieen written upon its history to remain forever. The town is now recovering. The Blatchlay lands are being built up, local business, warranted by the steady growth of the communitv, is showing a thrifty increase, and Quincj- will yet justify ^Vr 'f 3(>8 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the sanguine hopes of its friends and citizens. The village was incorporated in 1853, and V. E. Bunker was the first Mayor; A. J. Daniels, Recorder. Good stone walks are laid down on Miami street, and the streets are pikod in a way that answers every purpose of paving. There are the usual number of stores, a hub and spoke factory, a grist-mill, with another to be built the coining year, and two steam elevators that handle upwards of 50,000 bushels of grain per year. The present offi- cers are — Thomas Bell, JIaj-or, and B. N. Lecdom, Recorder. The site of De Graff, with the whole of fractional section 13 (some 503 acres), was entered as early as 1805, by John Boggs, a resident of Pickawaj' County, Ohio, and laid for years uncultivated and out of the market. In 18'iG, however, his son, ^yilliam, desiring to make a start in the world for himself, he gave him this property, which he at once pro- ceeded to occupy. In the j'ear named, he canii! in a wagon with his wife and child, ac- conii)anied by a man who had worked for his father, and had taken land in this vicinity in payment. He selected a fine site on a high hill west of the site of the village, overlook- ing the river and a fine stretch of country to the south, anil cani])ed in his wagon until his cabin was completed, which is still standing, in good condition. In 1833, Mr. Boggs built a saw-mill just below his cabin, going to Col- umbus for his machinery. In IS-Kl, he built a irrist-mill, which is still standing, now owned by Mnthias AVolf. In 1850, he laid out the vil- lage of De Graff. The Bellefontaine and In- diana road, now " Bee Line," had been pro- jected, and even staked out at this time, and .Fohn KoUp, who had purchased the land of .Mr. B'lggs, in company with Samuel Gilfillin, |>latted some sixty lots, one third of which were on thc> southeast side of the track. It appears that Mr. Koke found it difficult to carry out his contract, and the land, or a por- tion of it, reverted to the original owner. It appears that David Lewis, a noted land spec- ulator of that day, and a resident of Cincin- nati, tried to secure tins section, but was dis- appointed by .lohn Boggs buying it before him. It was his intention of laying out a town. at once, or as soon as possible, on the very spot where De Graff now stands. The location of the railioad insured the suc- cess of the town, and it was ap])ropriat(Iy named after the railroad magnate that pushed the railroad enterprise to completion. The site chosen was on high, rolling ground, in the path of the great tornado of 1S;J5. The great oak trees had not been cleared away, and, to add to the unjileasant features of the place, a dense growth of underbrush had sprung u]), presenting anj'thing but a desira- ble building spot. But railroads were a com- paratively new and ini])ortant thing at that time, and no one hesitated because of the un- favoraldeness of the prospect. In three years after the original platting of the town, thirty- three lots were added between Miami and Hayes streets, and in 185G nineteen lots be- tween Miami and Race streets were platted. Two years later, fifty-one lots were added north of Miami street, extending into Pleas- ant Township. Several cimsiderable addi- tions have since been made, until it now ranks second only to Bellefontaine in the couutv, and some ambitious citizen has studied the census of the present year (1880) until he has arrived at the conclusi HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Main street. The event has justified his judg- ment, and Main street is now the principal business street. The "Miami House " is the oldest frame building on Main street. The frame was put up at an early date, but for several years it stood uninclosed, a rather de- pressing object to would-be settlerfe. The platting of a village so close to Quincy naturally excited not a little jealousy and alarm among the citizens of that borough, and it is safe to say that nothing was done b}' them to help the new venture along. De Graff grew but slowly, yet did not cease- its progress, and each year found it a little nearer success. The projected Louisville and Sandusky Rail- road which promised to go through the vil- lage, but was not built, served to attract at- tention to it, and helped its growth. It was for several years undecided, the business men of De Graff investing liberally in its stock, and so long as it stood in this shape it was a benefit to the town. Later the pike which opened up the Muchinippi Valley brought an increased amount of trade. This, with the depressing influences at work at Quincj-, gave the new town a start which it has not since tost. Mr. Boggs has from the first proved a public-spirited citizen, and has freely invested his money when the prospect promised more benefit to the growth of his village than finan- cial returns to himself. One of his earliest enterprises was the erection of a warehouse for Aaron Mitchel, — "old Uncle Ben," as the citizens loved to call him — who, without capital, began to purchase wheat with the aid of 'Mr. Boggs, and soon made De Graff one of the best markets for grain in the county, with profit both to himself and the town. Of late years the growth of De Graff has been more rapid, during the last decade wresting the second place from West Liberty. In 18G4, the depot, freight-oifico, and the bulk of the business was done in the old warehouse; now, in 1880, it has a large depot with two im- mense water-tanks, and the best freight record of any town, save the county seat, on this line of road. In 1864= there was one drug-store; now there are two. There were two dry-goods stores, and now four; beside the addition of two tin shops, a hardware store, two barber shops, two meat shops, a bank, and a fine union school building. There are two warehouses that han- dle upwards of 200,000 bushels of wheat in a year; a grist-mill that does a large commercial business, and a saw-mill that turned out 250, 000 feet of lumber, on railroad contracts, last year. The village was incorporated in 18Gi,with the first officers as follows: A. J. Lippincott, May- or; Mathias Wolf, Recorder, and Frank Kat-' ing. Dr. R. S. Gilchrist, G. Shoemaker, Samuel Prince and .James Hays, Councilmen. The first council passed, at their first regular session, an ordinance directing that a Marshal, Treas- urer and Street Commissioner be elected an- nually. On the following April, Owen Conck- lin was made Marshal, and John Shoemaker, Sr., Treasurer. In the following" j^ear, grades for the streets were established and sidewalks ordered, and in 1874 improved sidewalks were required on Main, Miami, Boggs, Koke, Hays, Moore and Church streets, some of them being of bereastone and others of gravel and brick. In 1877 the one half lot No. 20, fronting on Main street, was bought, at a cost of $500, on which to erect a town hall. A fine, two-story brick was at once erected at a cost of $y,300. In this building, on the ground floor, are the engine and hook and ladder truck, the Ma\"or's office and the " lockup." The latter consists of two roomy cells in the rear part of the building, lined with boiler-iron on a fifteen- inch brick wall, and floored, stone on concrete. Until 1873, no provision had been made for defence against fire. In that year a hook and ladder truck was purchased, at a cost of S225, and a volunteer company formed to man it. August 20, 1880, a No. 5 nickel-plated Silsby ^f J^ 372 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. steam fire engine was received, with two hose reels and 1,000 feet of good rubber hose, at a total cost, for the whole apparatus, of §3,750. Two large cisterns, holding about 3,50 barrels of water each, furnish the sup- ply for a portion of the town, while the mill- race, which encircles the town on the south, furnishes an inoxhaustible supply for the larger part of the village. The engine is propelled by hand, which is au easy matter where the roads never get muddy. The present officials of the village are: II. H. Barr, Mayor; W. II. Ilinkle, Recorder; James Long- fellow, ]\Iarshal; A. Weller, Treasurer; M. AYolf, Dr. D. "\V. KichaVdson, S. K. Neer, James Hays, Milton Richards and H. Thacher, Councilmcn. The history of these villages would hardly be complete without some notice of the terri- ble tornado of July 7, 1872, which visited them with terrible effect, and we copy an account which appeared in the Cincinnati Gazitle, and quoted in Antrim's history of Champaign and Logan counties. " Indications of a storm were apparent to the close ob- server during the day, but as twilight came on the clearness of the atmosphere and the strange quiet that seemed to affect all things, gave evcrbody the cue to what was to follow. The whirlwind came from the west, and at about half-past six o'clock it struck in the vicinity of Quincy, tearing the forest to pieces, and then, after leaving their broken remnants behind it, coming upon the town itself. It looked like a massive balloon as it sped on its mission of destruction, and little clouds appeared to bo jmrsuing each other with lightning rapidity through the iqijier section of it, while the lower part, correspond- ing to the lower part of an aeronaut's vessel, seemed like the chimney of a locomotive, As it struck the town, houses, barns, stables, outhouses, buildings of every description, went to pieces with a continuous crashing that sounded like the shock of armies in battle, and the terror-stricken citizens, such as were unhurt, rushed wildly to and fro with irreso- lute mind, but feet of courier swiftness. Shouts of joy from mothers, finding their lost oll'spring; from husbands, at seeing their wives again, and from children, being assured of their parents' safety, mingled with lamenta- tions of grief from those whose search was unrewarded. "The scenes were such as would have en- sued had the end of the world arrived, and there is, perhaps, no resident of the town who did not, for the moment, think that such was the case. The terror was universal, and every thought was of self, until the wind had ex- pended its force. "When the nature of tlic shock was understood, however, many persons recovered a portion of their lost courage, and their thoughts reverted to their relatives and friends. They then endeavored to ascertain their whereabouts — and many who left their houses under such circumstances, fell in the streets, struck by flying timbers and debris. After the shock had lasted about a moment, its destroying force was carried onward to Dc Graff, which is situated three .miles from Quincy, and there the same scenes were re- enacted among the populace. The destruc- tion was principally wrought in the best sec- tion of the town, but was not as extensive as in Ouincv. The whirlwind seemed to be traveling in a straight line, at the rate of six- ty miles an hour, as it reached Dc Graff, and it covered territory from fifty to a hundred rods wide. After the hurricane had passed over l)e Graff, it progressed about three miles far- ther in its course, and then died away with its force expended. The citizens of the devas- tated villages were then able to proceed about the mournful task of hunting out the victims of the disaster, and the work was one to which all hands were turned, and which was soon completed. In De Graff about ftf ^L>, HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. fifteen persons were hurt. The house of Jona- than Roll, a large two- story frame, fronting on the main street of the hamlet, was badly riddled and the roof torn off, and, during the alarming crisis, the occupants became over- whelmed with terror, and rushed into the street. Mr. Roll, in person, carried his little daughter Lulie, a girl seven years of age, in his arms, and had scarcely left the building before a mass of flying wreck struck and knocked him to the earth, and covered his body and that of his daughter out of sight in the ruins. When the rescuers reached him, after the accident, the little girl, the pride of his heart, was still clasped in his arms; but her eyes could never more twinkle the delight she felt while in his companj', and her tiny hand could never more })at his cheek — she was dead; and the form, five minutes before all grace and beauty, was now distorted into a shape that wrung floods of tears from those who witnessed the sight. Her injuries were so terrible that death could not have been de- layed long enough for her to know that she had received them. Mr. Roll sufl'ered a broken shoulder blade and numerous severe bruises- His wife and Levanda Moses (her daughter by a former husband) met with an equally terrible misfortune in their effort to seek safe- ty. The girl's brains were dashed out, and she was mutilated as badly as her half-sister, and Mrs. Roll had her left forearm crushed, be- sides severe internal injuries. " The ravages of the wind in De Graff are made plainly apparent to the occupants of passing railroad trains, and they still look confused and widespread, although every effort is being put forth to restore the town to its former shape. The chief thoroughfare abuts on the railwaj^, and a view of it in- the present condition is not gratifying. The last building on the east side of the street was a barn, which belonged to Newton Richardson, and adjoining it was the barn of Dr. Hance. Next to the last named came the frame house and stable of T. J. Smith, and then the Meth- odist Church, a large frame structure. These buildings were all some distance back from the street, and were leveled flat. In front of the church was the dwelling house, store and barn of Mrs. Christine, and not an erect tim- ber in either building was left standing. Mr. Roll's house and stable were situated next to Mrs. Christine's property, and the stable was wrecked completely. Adjoining the Roll homestead on the west were Mrs. Lippincott's house and barn. The house was bereft of its roof and otherwise damaged, while the stable was lesolved into lumber on the spot. The last buildings on this side of Main street were a small brick building, occupied as a tin and stove store by Samuel Pratt, and the frame cabinet shop of .J. H. Rexer, botli of which were ruined. " On the west side of the street the destruc- tion was not so great as on the east, but the number of buildings partially destroyed was about even. The list opens with Newton Richardson's frame business house, which lost its roof, as did the adjoining store of Conrad Mohr. The dwelling of John Van Kirk came next, and was similarly treated, and the owner's saddle and harness shop next door also suffered scalping. The next house was Schriver, Wolf & Co.'s drj'-goods estab- lishment, which, in addition to unroofing, was battered and broken in many places. A good-sized frame next to this last named, oc- cupied as a dry -goods store, and owned by Benjamin Crutcber, was unroofed and other- wise damaged, and the hardware store of Grafford, Crutcher & Co., adjoining, met with bad luck, being nearly destroyed. On Boggs street, in rear of Main, Mrs. Russell's dwelling- house, Lippincott & Hersche's cooper shop and barn, and Lippincott's stable, were all very badly damaged, and on the west side of this street the dwellings of John ^ f ^ -V ft^ 374 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. O'Hara and David Gainey suffered severely. "C. H. Custenborder, a. faraier living half a mile distant, lost his house and two barns, all of which were blown to atoms. The grist .nnd saw-mills of Schriver, Wolf & Co., near Do Graff, were injured to a considerable ex- tent. In Quincy, about seventy buildings are believed to have been all or partially destroyed, and an estimating committee, who reckoned up the matter, calculated that the loss would reach §60,000. Among the chief losses were the following: Baptist and Methodist churches, frame buildings, both down; Wil- liam Cloninger's blacksmith, cooper and wagon shops leveled with the ground, and dwelling house rendered uninhabitable for several days; the dwelling was moved twelve feet from its foundation; large frame house occupied by Daniel Clark and Edward Fitz- gerald, was rendered almost valueless by the damage inflicted; Henry Keyset's frame house demolished; Elias Walburn's carriage shop partially destroyed; D. S. Wolfs hotel ant) 00 Local tax 2,5i3 96 3,807 22 Total amount paid teachers dur- ing year 815 00 1,711 75 Balance on hand. Sept, 1,1879... 1,109 77 1,130 68 Number of schoolhouses 1 1 Value of properly 5,000 00 1,500 00-> No. scholars enrolled, boys 52, girls 46; boys 72, girls 68 * The new building does not appear in thLs year's report. ol - ■L -?]>>■ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. CHAPTER X* JLARTIIPR TOWNSHIP— INTRODUCTION— SETTLEMENT— VILLAGES- COLLEGE. -CHURCHES— GENEVA "There is a welcome in this western land Like the old welcomes, which were said to give The friendly heart where'er they gave the hand ; AVitiiin this soil the social virtues live, Like its own forest trees, unprun'd and free." — Thomas. STANDING on some jutting headland, let us view the panorama as it slowly passes l)y, unfolding the etchings the versatile artist, Time, has penciled thereon. Here, coming up out of the misty past, is the Indian in full chase after the bounding deer. He passes, and before his form dies away in the distance we see the first settlers moving forward with the slow-paced oxen, bearing their household treasures into the wildwood. A cabin of rude logs rises; the pioneer's ax rings through the woods; the cumbersome plow turns the furrow; the pioneer mill rises, and a new life has taken possession of the wilderness; the hunting-grounds of the red man are no more before us; they have moved westward toward the setting sun. Another scene unfolds be- fore us, and the rude sclioolhouse and chapel are seen, wherein gather the children of the pioneer for instruction, even amid the soli- tude of the border; and we hear the song of thanksgiving and the voice of melody rise upon the air, and blend with the song of birds and the rustle of leaves, as the summer zephyrs move the foliage of the trees. The stage coacli, with its load of humanity, rum- bles up to the door of the log tavern, the notes of the driver's horn, making merrj' echoes through tiie dim old woods, and start- ling the quail and partridge from their coverts •This chapter contributed by Dr. J. H. Se ChcvcrcU. by the wayside. Houses of more pretentious appearance begin to dot the landscape, now fast assuming the aspect of a civilized and prosperous community. Villages are rising in- to view, and church spires — sure indices of civilization and refinement — point heaven- ward, as if to lift the thoughts of the dwellers of the land to better things. Another picture comes before us as the jiarallel bands of iron conversing into one in the dim distance ex- pand into the railway track, along which thunders the lightning express, freighted with the precious cargo of human lives. The tele- graph brings the news from the far away sea- board, and the days of slow-moving trade are numbered and laid to rest. And now comes the closing scene in this great series. Now the sonsof these pioneers are going forth, en tnasse, to defend the flag of the country, which has o-iven them a government, under whose fos- tering care all these later scenes have been made accomplished facts. We look upon the serried ranks as they tnove forward, shoulder to shoulder, against the deadly blast of war. The cannon and musketry of traitors in arms thin their ranks, but forward they bear the colors of the Union reflected in their blood. Homeward they turn when victory is secure and the right has triumphed, their columns gaping from the havoc of shot and shell and the disease of camp; the starvation of the prison pen; their colors ragged and torn, but proud and defiant as ever. One grand ova- tion to the living, a sad, wailing requiem for the dead, and the romiuint of these brave vet- erans settle back into the busy routine of the private citizen; the war-cloud has passed awa}', r V •<.t®- IIISTOEY OF LOGAX COUXTY. 379 and gentle Peace covers all with her wings. * * * " Sometimes gleams upon our sight. Through present wrong, the eternal right; And step by step, since time began, We sec the steady gain of man." McArthur Township is situated in the north- central portion of Logan County, and is bound- ed on the north by Richland, south b}- Lake and Harrison, east by Rush Greek and Lake, and west by Washington. The only stream of water within the limits of the township worthy of mention is Cherokee Man's Run, the main branch of which rises near the south- east corner of the township, and flows a west- ward course through the southern portion to the line of the Cincinnati, Sandusky & Cleve- land Railroad, where it turns northward, reach- ing the northern boundary of the township on the Dunn lands. This stream affords water- power for numerous mills. The soil is a clay in the eastern portion, and a gravel loam in the south and west. The productions do not differ from those of the county generally, being mainly wheat, corn and grass. The surface in the eastern part is rolling, and in places broken, especiaily along the streams. In the west the appearance is that of a level table land, while through nearly the center of this elevated plain, extending in a southwest di- rection, is a narrow strip of low land, denomi- nated prairie. Here the soil is alluvial, and when properly drained, is extremely fertile. The pioneers found a land heavily timbered, with all the varieties natural to this section of country. Small tracts of original timber are still found in different parts of the township. The farm lands in general present an appear- ance well kept and neat, indicating the thrifty husbandmen, while the substantial dwellings, barns, outbuildings and extensive tracts of orcharding still further attest their care and industry. Prior to the collection of the In- dians upon the Lewistown and other reserva- tions, small parties of them were scattered about the township, and . numerous small " clearings " of an acre or two each, left by them, and thickly dotted over with stumps, w^re mute witnesses to their want of indus- trj'. In relation to the legal constitution of* McArthur Township, first election, etc., the present records show nothing, and the earlier ones having been destroyed, leaves the writer entirely "at sea" iu relation to these im- portant items. Among the first sales of land in the town- ship was that conveyed by Duncan McArthur to John and Samuel Harrod, by " title bond," bearing date, November 9, 1820. This in- strument conveys 4.50 acres of land, situated on Cherokee Man's Run, for the sum of $932. In the year 1823 a patent was issued by James Monroe, President of the United States, to Joseph Carter, of Richmond, Va., for 1,000 acres of land, adjoining the Solomon's Town block, and embracing "Hull's Encampment," or the " Twin Springs." A portion of this land is now owned by David Wallace. The pio- neer settlers in the township were Thomas Scott and family, who located here in the spring of 1820 ; John and Samuel Harrod, who came with their families in the fall of the same year, and John Watt, who began settle- ment in the spring of 1821. Of these families we have no data. Peter and Samuel Hover settled near Harrods' in 1823. Robert Ed- minston settled just east of the present site of Huntsville about the same time. Peter Sta- mats, a Pennsylvanian, settled in McArthur in 1814. Of his numerous family but one child now resides in the county. Samuel Lease came to McArthur Township in the lat- ter part of December, 1823, and remained during the winter. In 1825 he purchased land here, and became a resident. He still resides on this property. Mr. Lease says when he came, in 1825, there were a number of fami- lies of squatters living in different portions of the township. None of them, however. 3S0 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. bRc;ime actual settlers. George Hover and family, consistinfr of a wife and eight children, settleil in the township in lS"-i4; he was a na- tive of New Jersey, but had removed to Ohio •as early as 1810. The land he settled on in McArthur consisted of 200 acres where is now Iluntsviile. But three children now reside in the township — Saniiiel, Mrs. Mary A. AVis- hartand Mrs. Martha Reed. Hugh B.ckham began the improvement of a farm not far from Huntsville about the same timf. Isaac Cooper and wife located in the township in February-, 1826. Mrs. Cooper, to whom the writer is indebted for many items of value in the preparation of this history, says: "Every- thing was woods, wild plums, wild grapes and everything. Deer in plenty, and snakes — my sakcs! such big ones, as long as a door is high." Mr. Cooper lived near Harrods' until about 1830, when he purchased a tract of land in the vicinity of the present Huntsville ceme- terj', and near the sulphur spring he erected a tannery, the first in the township. This business he prosecuted until 1835, when he purchased an extensive tract of land near Lewistown, and here, in the house now occu- pied by J. O. Cherry, he died. In 1827 Ad- cock Carter came to Ohio and located upon the 1000-acre tract before mentioned as belonging to Joseph Carter. Vincent Mur- phy came at the same time, and located on the same tract. Both had small families. Samuel Stewart located in the township in 1830, upon the farm he still occupies, and five years later he erected a small grist mill on this farm. Ke v. James AYallace, of the United Presbyterian Church, made a permanent settle- ment in the township in 1832. Assuming charge of the churdi of this denomination, he conlii\upd its Pastor for many j'cars. Ho died in 1877. A son, H.ivid, resides on the home farm, who, with a danghtor, Mrs. W. W. Tem])letot\, constitute all the survivors of the family now in the township. David Wallace, wife and one child arrived in the township from York County, Penn., in May, 1833. He made settlement on 300 acres of land, embracing "IIull's Encampment." All was a dense forest except a small "opening" near the spring, where the block-house stood during the war of 1812. Of this spring there is a tradition that two soldiers were sleeping near it wlien thoy wore surprised by the In- dians, killed, scalped, and their hearts cut out and suspended from the bushes near. An- trim's history says: "Captain Arthur Thomas * * * was ordered to Fort Findlay with his company, to guard the public stores at that place, and on their return they encamped at the Big Spring, near an old Indian town called Solomon's Town, about seven miles north of Bellefontaine. Their horses having strayed away in the night, ho and his son went in pursuit of them. AVhen they had got some distance from the encampment they were discovered by the Indians, who attacked them with an overpowering force, and they were killed and scalped." Joseph Wallace, with family, consisting, of a wife and three children, reached McArthur in April, 1833; he located upon a large tract of land just west of Huntsville, and there passed the remainder of his days. A portion of this property is now occupied by Wallace Templetou. John Shelby, who subsequently became prominent in the affairs of Logan County, and of the State, made his first set- tlement in the county during the summer of 1809, in what is now Union Township. Upon the removal of the Indians from the Lewis- town reservation, ho bought some 4S0 acres of land in the southwest corner of McArthur Township. This he improved, and here he died. His widow now lives near Huntsville. Henry Hover bought land near. Daniel Workman lived on the farm now owned b}' Anderson Nocr. John Caseboalt occupied the present Miller farm, and in the vicinity '[•- HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 381 lived the families of Black, Giabill and Wil- liams. John Coulter came to the county, from Newark, Ohio, in 1835, locating in Beliefont- aine, where he remained until 1835; he then purchased a farm and tannery of Isaac Cooper, near Huntsviile, and upon this property he passed his life, dying December 26, 1859. Mr. Coulter was a Justice of the Peace in this township for twenty years. A son of this gentleman is now Recorder of Logan County, and to him the writer desires to make acknowl- edgements for numerous favors. Kemp G. Carter canw> from Washington, D. C, to Mc- Arthur in 1835, and, tlie next jear, located iu Cherokee; here he still resides; lie has wit- nessed the rise and fail of this now decaying hamlet. Abraham Elder, Sr., wife and eight children, came from Perry County, Ohio, to McArthur in 1835, locating upon a large tract of land just south of Huntsviile. He hocame a prominent man in the township, and was Associate Judge of the cOunty for several years. But two children now reside in the township — Dr. Eider and Mrs. John Coul- ter. Among other settlers who are entitled to mention, but of wiiom the writer has no data, are James Steen, William Watson, .John Russell, William Bodkin, Adam Yearn, Jona- than Woodard, William Harland, Dr. Samuel A. Morton, Alexander Thomj^son, James Storer, Solomon Richards, William Langhead, Thomas Patterson, J. and S. Hays, and possi- bly others, whose names are not now remem- bered. The anti-slavery movement was warmly espoused by many of the citizens of this town- ship and here, for many years, was a station on that somewliat celebrated line of travel, the " Underground Railroad." Its particular location is not important to this work. It is sufficient to know that here the fleeing bond- man was always sure of food, clothing if necessary, and a safe transit to the next sta; tion. It is related that two, now prominent, citizens of a neighboring township, one day found an aged colored man at work in a field, and, thinking to have a little fun at his ex- pense, told him they come to convey him back to the south. He did not stop to argue the matter, but started on a run for the house, whore he procured a gun, this be rested on the fence, the muzzle towards the jokers and commanded a halt. Failing to discover a great amount of fun in this portion of the per- formance, they " stood not on the order of their going, but went at once," fully believ- ing, that in this instance at least, " discretion was the better part of valor." In pioneer industries the first was a grist- mill erected in about 1828 by Adam Yearn. This was a frame building, furnished with one run of stone, and stood on Cherokee Creek, about one-half mile southeast of Huntsviile. This mill, greatly improved, is now owned by Jacob Instine. Jonathan Woodard built a second grist-mill further down the same stream, and soon after put in operation a saw- mill; the saw-mill is now dismantled and going to decay. The grist-mill is now owned by Samuel Stewart, who in 1835 erected a grist-mill still farther down Cherokee, which is still in successful operation. The Township of McArthur has been better supplied with distilleries perhaps than any other kind of manufactories. The first of these was built by Hugh Bickham, early in the settlement; it was a hewed log structure and stood just south of Huntsviile. The second was built by Edward Harper in 1845; this was quite a respectable building; it stood near the Instine grist-mill, but did not pay, and after some five years was closed. The third and last distillery was built by William Harland and Henry Instine; this was the largest of the three. In later years it was operated by Kemp G. Carter. As before stated, Isaac Cooper put in oprration the first tannery in the township; Thomas Wishart established •«. HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the second. This stood on the site now oc- cupied by the Carroll warehouse in Hunts- ville. Other "first things" will be found in connection with the villages. About one mile east of the present thriv- ingviliage of Huntsville, on the Bellefontaine pike, is situated a little decaying hamlet of, perhaps, one dozen dwellings, the remains of the once promising village of Cherokee. The site of this town was formerly owned by Robert Edminston, Dr. Samuel A. Morton and Alexander Thompson, who, on ]March 19, 1832, by the aid of James W. Maruion, County Surveyor, laid out the town. The name was doubtless derived from the princi- pal stream of water in the vicinity. Induce- ments were made to facilitate the sale of lots, and from the first the growth of the town was rapid. The Springfield & Sandusky Stage Line made this a point for '• relay," and in a short time Cherokee became a bust- ling, busy village. Two large hotels, the first by a man named Baker and the second by Samuel Harrod; stores by Joseph Robb, who was also the first Postmaster, Richard S. Caiiby, James Langhead, Linas Cutting, and others. Three blacksmiths, two wagon-makers, and other needed artisans came, churches and a school-buildings were erected, and the tide of prosperity set bravely in. During tliese palmy days, Mr. Carter states, he has often seen as many as ten four-horse coaches stop in succession for meals and relay, each with ten or twelve passengers. Whisky was as common as tea and colTee; in fact, there was more of it drank than both the others, but it was not different at Cherokee from any other locality. Scarcely anybody was strictly tem- ])erate, though there were few habitual drunk- ards. The lands upon which is now the vil- age of Huntsville were owned by George Hover and Tlinmas Wishart. Improve- ments began here inimodiately after the survey of the Mad River and Lake Erie (now C. S. & C.,) Railroad was made. The plat was • made by Alexander Harbison, county surveyor in 184C, and from the running of the first train on the railroad the village was an assured success; stores, hotels, etc., were opened, and in proportion as Huntsville in- creased in prosperity, Cherokee declined. The churches and principal buildings were re- moved to its more favored rival. The rail- road having superceded the stage coach, the hotels at Cherokee were without guests, even the "old soakers" who hung around the bar rooms waiting for some one to ask them to drink, departed for more prosperous local- ities, and finally business of all kinds ceased and the work of decay began. The first house on the site of Huntsville was built by Thomas Wishart in ]Si4. Messrs. Buell and Dodson put up the first brick building in the village in 1848. It was first occupied for a store, the first, b}' the way, in the village. Thomas ^Yisha^t's house was the first brick dwelling, now occupied by Mrs. Mary Cooper. John BimeFs house was the second brick dwelling erected. During the year 1847 Samuel Harrod built a hotel near the depot. This was burned during the summer of 1850, but the work of rebuilding was begun at once, and the following year witnessed the opening of what is now the " Grand Central," owned at present by H. P. Ingall. J. Bimel has recently enlarged and refitted the former residence of H. Shafer, and in this now en- tertains the traveling public. II. Shafer, a former merchant at Cherokee erected the lar^e wooden building, now occupied in part by the postofTice, and in this he prosecuted liis former avocation for some years. The postollice, as before stated, was first estab- lished at Cherokee in about 1830. Joseph Robb was the first Postmaster. The office was removed to Huntsville in about 1850. J. H. Harrod is the present Po-stmaster, and _jja_ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 3S3 to him the writer returns thanks for numer- ous favors. The village of Huntsville was incorporated in December, 1865, and in April following the first election of officers was held. Sidney B. Foster was elected Mayor; William W. Beat- ty; William T. Herron, J. H. Harrod, A. Bartholomew and .fosiah Carr, Council; David Carr, Recorder, and Joseph Carr, Treasurer. The village now contains one dry goods, one general, one grocery and notion, two drug, one agricultural implement, one furniture, and two millinery stores; two blacksmith and wagon, three shoe, one harness, and three carpenter shops; one steam saw-mill, two hotels, three churches and one school build- ing. The population in 1880 was 4.30, a gain of 30 per cent in ten years. Northwood, a little hamlet situated upon the north line of the township, is principally noted for its school. The lands embraced in the plat were owned by Joseph Wilmuth. It was surveyed and platted by the County Sur- veyor, James W. Marmon, on May 12, 1832. The first store here was opened by Milton L. Anderson in 183S or 1839. The goods were hauled from Dayton. A very thin grade of calico sold at that time for 44 cents per yard. In later j'ears other stores were estab- lished here, but the village never attained much prominence aside from its College. The history of the religious denominations in McArthur Township is fraught with inter- est. Missionaries early penetrated the wilder- ness, and wherever they found a settler's cabin, proclaimed the glad tidings of salva- tion. Sleeping under the trees, the blue vaulted heavens for their canopy and the stars for their watchers, these self-sacrificing men rode their circuits for weeks at a time, swim- ming rivers, floundering through marshes, following the trail of the red man, guided by the stars or by that instinct of wood craft, gained by long familiarity with nature in her wildest aspect, trusting to find the cabin of some pioneer where they might break their, many times, long-enforced fast. Do the ministers of to-day, as they ride to and from their elegant churches, surrounded on every hand by ease and luxury, a munificent salary assured, ever think of those noble men, the advance guard of Christianitj' into the wild- woods of America? The Presbyterian Church of McArthur, formerly known as the Cherokee Church, was organized in the year 1833. It is the pioneer church of the Calvinistic Order, formed in Logan County. Meetings were held at the house of Thomas Scott during the early fummcr of 1833, and in September fol- lowing the Revs. Dobbins and Roberson organized a church with the following mem- bers : Thomas Scott and wife, Peter Hover and wife, George Hover and wife, Samuel Hover and wife, Robert Edminston and wife, John Watt and wife, and James Stover and wife. Perhaps one year subsequent to the formation of this society, a hewed log meeting- house was built at Cherokee. Some years later the society built a large brick church edifice, also at Cherokee. Upon the decline of that village this building was removed to Huntsville; the present cost is $3,000; the present membership of this society is ninety. The first church officers were : Peter Hover, Thomas Scott, and Robert Edminston, Elders; the present are : B. S. Collins, John Hunter, James McCormick and Samuel Hover. Rev. A. J. Clark, the present Pastor, resides at Belle Centre, and in connection with the his- tory of the Presbyterian Church at that place, will be found many items of interest to the church under consideration. A Sabbath School has been in operation in connection with this church almost from the first, which has been productive of great good; John Hunter is its present Superintendent. The average attendance aggregates some sixtj^ children. 384 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. The second organization in the township was that of the Methodist Episcopal de- nomination. Some time during the summer of 1823 a series of meetings were held at the house of Solomon Richards, who then occu- pied a little log cabin some half mile south- west of Cherokee, and in this rude sanctuary the bonds of Christian fcUowshij) were strengthened by the formation of a small class. The families of Richards, Pendergrass and Lease constituted the greater part, and possiblj-, all of the pioneer organization. Meetings were continuctl at Richards', Lease's and other settlers' cabins, in the vicinity for a few years, when the society having at- tained sufficient strength, a small frame meet- ing-house was built at Cherokee. This the society occupied until the rise of Huntsville, when it whs sold, and a more commodious structure erected in that village. This was built in 1866. The mimibership of this soci- ety is now numerous and its future encourag- ing. Rev. S. 11. Alderman is the present Pas- tor. AVhen the old Clierokte meeting-house was first occupied, tiie children were collected and a Sabbath School formed. This has con- tinued in active operation until this time and has now a goodly membership. The following history of the Huntsville (formerly Cherokee) United Presbyterian Church is compiled from matti^r written by Rev. James ^\'allace and ,J. II. Buchanan. This congregation was organized in October, 1831, by Rev. S. Wilson, who was appointed to the performance of this duty by the Asso- ciate Presbj'tcry of Miami, and was comj)osed of the following persons: A. Elder and wife; A. Templcton and wife; "NY. Langhcad and wife; David Dow, Peter Dow, James Ilavs, Isabella Hays, Samuel Hays, John McElree and Jamc:s Patterson. The I'^lders chosen were: A. Templcton, A. Elder and William Langhead, Rev. James Wallace was the first Pastor, who says of this period: "The state of the country and the character of the inhal;i- tants, was widely different from the piesent. A body of Indians was located in, and about Lewistown, a few miles west of the church. Most of the hind was a wilder- ness. The few inhabitants, cliiclly pioneers, accustomed to limiting and fishing and rough living, cared little for improvement of any kind, especially religious." Rev. Wallace continued as Pastor of the church until 1801, when, by reason of failing health, he was re- leased from the pastoral charge. The first meeting-house of this society was erected soon after the church was organized. This was a brick building, and was subsequently converted into a woolen factory. They at present meet for worship in a frame church edifice in Huntsville. Rev. Mr. Wallace says that an cs]iecial effort was made at all times against Sabbath desecration, the demon intemperance, and that terrible sin slavery, now hajipily no more. Those were not popu- lar toi)ics but his motto seemed to be " Hew to the line, let the chips fall where they may." At the date Rev. Wallace severed his pastoral charge, the membership numbered ninety- five. Rev. J. II. Buchanan assumed charge of the church on the first Sabbath in October, 1870. The Pastor in the interval was Rev. W. C. Dunn, a licentiate of the U. P. Pres- bytery, of Michigan, who was installed April 11, 1865. The Elders in September, 1876, were James R. Katon, Roberts. Reed, James H. Renick, Samuel Stewart, ^V. W. 'J'cmple- ton and David Wallace. Of the history of this church since 1S7G, the writer has no data, although he made diligent effort to secure it, Rev. Buchanan says: "In reviewing the his- tory thus brought to a close, it might be pro- per to say that the congregation has not been characterized by sudden outbursts of excite- ment and religious fervor, but which often die away as suddenly as they come, leaving little or no permanent fruit behind them. n= '!±il -' — ^> > HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 385 Its growth, though more slow, has been of an eiitluring kind, being founded upon the laborious, faithful, and abundant expositions of God's word." The Miami conffresation of the Reformed Presbj-terian Church at Xorthwood was formed in the 3-ear 18.33, by Rev. J. B. Johnston, and consisted of the following named persons: Abraham Patterson and wife, Thomas Fulton and wife, James Fulton and wife, Henry Ful- ton and wife, Robert Scott and wife, John Young and wife, and one or two others whose names are forgotten. The society met in the schoolhouse for a few months until thoy had constructed a small log church on the east bank of the Miami River, near where is now the cemeter}'. This log structure did duty until ISiO, wheTi it was discarded and a brick building erected near by. Tliis was occu- pied for many years. The society now meets in a conunodious wood church edifice in the village immediately south of the township line. The succession of Pastors is as follows: Rev. J. B. Johnston, J. C. K. Milligan, J. L. McCartney, who was the last Pastor of the original Miami congregation, and George Kennedy. The present membership (.July, 18S0) \s 172. The Sabbath School, which followed the church organization, now num- bers 159 scholars. ? The following sketch of the United Presby- terian Church at Xorthwood is couii)iled from the history written by Rev. John Williamson, to which the writer was given access through the courtesy of Rev. J. W. Kerr: '• The United Presbyterian Congregation, of North- wood, was organized June 14, 1859, by the following commission: Rev. James AVallace and Benjamin Waddle, with Elders "William Langhead and Peter Dow. The congregation lacks but one year of being as old as the de- nomination to which it belongs. The follow- ins: were the orig-inal members: Ebenezer and Martha Bain. AIe.>cander and Margaret Furguson, Thomas and Agnes Scott, John M. and Elizabeth J. Johnston, Mary Patterson, William and Jane G. Cook, Hannah J. Roed, Thomas and Jane Cook, Charles and Martha Ann Cook, and David Blair. Messrs. Thomas Scott, Ebenezer Bain and Thomas Cook were elected Elders, and William Cook and John M. Johnson, Deacons. With no house of wor- ship of their own, this little handful began the work. The Reformed Presbyterian Church gave them the use of the^ir house" a part of the time. They also met in the Chapel of Geneva Hall until the fall of 1866, when their own liouse of worship was completed. Rev. AY. H. Jeffers was installed Pastor in 1863, and remained until 1865. Rev. J. W. Taylor was the next Pastor, and contin- ued until 1871, when failing health forced him to cease his labors. At this time the membership numbered 112. Rev. Alexander Smith was installed Pastor in January, 1873. On April 1, 1875, the membership had in- creased to 162. Rev. Smith resigned, and in June, 1879, Rev. J. W. Kerr, the present Pastor, was installed. The following persons have held the office of Ruling Elder, in addi- tion to those first chosen: Samuel Johnston, C. I. Brooks, Joseph T. Wright, William Stewart, W. N. Vance, J. McCuno, Gilliert Newman and Alexander Milligan. Those who have held the office of Deacon arc, Charles W. Cook, Noah J. Smith, S. G. Ro.lg- ers, W. N. Vance, Gilbert Newman, D. S. Brooks, J. L. Creigiiton and John McKira- han. This completes the church organiza- tions in McArthur Township at this time. In about the year 1811 a camp meeting was held- on Cherokee Man's Run, south of the present site o£ Huntsvillo. Rev. Thomas H. Wilson was the leading preacher, though many others were present. A vast number of people convened, the settlers for many miles around turning out. A most extraordinary re vi- I val took place and hundreds became Christians. ■< — 7- -15) PV A 3SG HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. The writer has been unable to learn any- thin"' in relation to the first school in the townsliip. At an early day a term of school was tausrht by Henry Shelby, in a little log cabin in the extreme southwest portion of the township. Doubtless the first school was held in the Harrod settlement. The Huntsville Spocinl School District was organized at about the same time the village was incorporated. The matter is now being actively canvassed in relation to the enlargement of the territory, and should this be successful it is highlj- prob- able that a school building will be erected tiiat will accomtnodato the wants of the dis- trict. The report of the Board of Education for the school year ending August 31, 1879, is as follows, for the township: Whole num- ber of pupils enrolled, 411; whole amount paid teachers, |;l,7!U.0o; whole number of school houses, 9; value, with grounds, etc., $0,000. Huntsville Special District: Whole nnmberof pupils enrolled, 150; whole amount jiaid teacliers, §(;"-*0; whole numlier of school rooms, 2; value, with grounds, etc.. §1,000. The greatest interest is centered at North- wood, the fornier location of a classical and scioniific school under the auspices of the Re- formed Presbyterian Cinirch, known as Ge- neva College. Rev. .1. B. Johnston, Pastor of this church, wjs the originator of the project to form a school of this character here, and in 1847 he took the initial step in that direction by the formation of a small class which con- vened at his study. The subscf|ueiit year, funds were raised and a small lirick building erected. This, soon proving inade(|uato for the wants of the rapidly increasing attend- ance, was added to, and the present hall was the result. In after years a female depart- ment was added to the school, and to secure the separation of the sexes, a large brick building was built by Rev. .Johnston for the exclusive use of the ladies. Two large board- ing halls were also constructed. In 1852, J. R. W. Sloane, A. M., was inaugurated Presi- dent of the institution, an able faculty chosen, and a full course of study adopted. Prof. Sloane continued in charge four years, resign- ing in 1856. The college now became aca- demic in form, and continued tlius until 1804, ■when the building was purchased by the Re- formed Presbyterian Synod. In 1867, S. J. Crowe, A. B., was chosen President, and con- tinued in that capacity until 1870, when he resigned. Rev. W. Milroy was his successor, who was in turn succeeded, in 1872, by Rev. H. H. George, of Cincinnati, Ohio. The course of study adopted embraced science and the arts, and compared favorably with the best colleges in the land. During the last session of the Synod it was decided to remove the college to Beaver Falls, Penn., which is now being accomplished. A project is now being successfully canvassed to estal)lish at Northwood a normal school with a classical, scientific and commercial course of study. This will also be under control of the Re- formed Presbyterian Church. During the war of the Rebellion tlio patri- otic citizens of McArthur Townshi]i did their whole duty. Her soldiers suffered and died in the noisome trench and in the infected hos- pital; they starved in Andersonville until they became almost driveling lunatics under the brutality of a Wirz; they ciiafed in Libby, Belle Isle, and Salisbury; they fell in the skirmish, on the picket-line, and in the charge, amid the roar of cannon and the rattle of musketry. They made the sacrifice, but their works shall follow them to the end of recorded time; and living or dead, maimed or scathless, all honor to the soldiers of the Union. •' By fniry linnJs their knell i^ rung, I!y forms unseen their ilirge is sung; There Honor comes, a pilprim gray, To bless I he turf that wr»pa their clay And Freedom shall awhile repair, To dwell, a weeping hermit, there." c '^'- -^ — ^tx-. HISTORY OF LOGAN COU>"Ty. 389 CHAPTER XI.* JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP— TOPOGRAniV—ORGANIZ —PROMINENT CITIZ1;NS— C THE territory comprising Jefferson Town- ship is about six miles square. Its north line is about eight miles south of and parallel with the north line of the county, and its east line is about four and one-fourth miles west of and parallel with the east line of the county. It is the middle township of the second tier from the east side. Mad River is the princi- pal stream, and, although its headwaters arc entirely within the limits of the township, it becomes a respectable mill stream before it crosses its southern boundary. It has two small tributaries from the east and three from the west. Sugar Creek, the largest, which drains Hadley's Bottom, originates in the hills which intervene between the waters of Mill Creek and Mad River, and empties into the latter near Dickinson's lower mill, a short distance northeast of Zanesfield. Another stream, which, so far as we can learn, has never at- tained to the digipty of a name, though at times it assumes large proportions, takes its rise in the northeast corner of Monroe, but immediately runs into Jefferson, near the southeast corner, and finds its way to the head of Marmon's Valley, where it toys awhile with a branch of Otter Creek, from which it is only separated by a narrow road, and then takes its course directly through the beauti- ful valley to Mad River, into which it empties about three-fourths of a mile south of Zanes- field. Flowing from the west, we find a small stream, taking its rise in the hills surrounding the head of McKee's Creek, but seeking an outlet in an opposite direction through a re- markably rough anil broken section, it reaches * Contributed by B, S. Scott. ATION AS A CIVIL BIVISION OF THE COUNTY HURCHES AND SCHOOLS. the Mad River Valley near the northern boundary of Calderwood's Survc}-, Xo. 3,139. Goose Creek heads a little north, and Tharp's Run a short distance south, of Belle- fontaine pike. They have in general a south- east direction, and empty near the southern limits of the township. They are separated through nearly all their course by a high, broken and irregular ridge. Of the streams that do not flow into Mad River, the head branches of Rush Creek drain the northwestern and north central part of the township, and flow into Rush Creek Lake, a small part of which is in the township. Mill Creek drains the northeastern. Otter Creek a portion of the southeastern, and McKee's Creek the southwestern parts of the township. The soil in the valleys is generally black loam, underlaid with limestone gravel — the gravel crojiijing out on the surface in places. In the upper parts of the valleys, in places, a large admixture of shale or slatestone is foinid, deposited from the ravines above. On the hills the soil is mostly clay, intermixed w-ith loam, sand and gravel, and underlaid with blue clay. The soil in the valleys is gener- ally very productive. Fifty, sixty and even seventy years of constant, and, in some in- stances, not very judicious cultivation, having failed to exhaust its productive energy. The soil on the hills is much less fertile. Though producing good crops when first brought under cultivation, but with a constant succession of crops without liberal manuring, it in time be- comes exceedingly sterile and unproductive; it is also liable to serious injury from wash- ing when cultivated every season. It is, V Ik 390 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. however, highly valuable for pasture, and finely adapted to the cultivation of fruit. ^yitil tlie cxcej)tion of a small poitioii of prairie in the Mad Iviver Valloj-, the land was originally covered with a heavy growth of tiinlj(,'r, consisting of Oak, Hickory, Poplar, Ash, Lind, Elin, Sugartroe, Beech, Walnut and Wild Cherry, on the hills and broken lands, with an undergrowth of Hickory, Iron- wood, Dogwood, Waterbeech, Sassafras, and in some of the coves Spicewood and Papaw, while in the valley the prevailing growth was Walnut, Sugartree, Red Elm, Hickory Elm, Burr-Oak, Hickory, I.ind, Huckborry, Sycamore and Wild Cherry. Wild Plums and Crabapples were abundant along the bor- der of the prairies, and nmlberries and service- berries were found on the hills. Wild graj)es were found both on the hills and in the val- leys. Wherever clearings were commenced in the forest, elders, blackberries and raspberries sprang up in great abundance. The .Mad Kiver Valley, in connection with the upper part of the Kush Creek Valley, or the low lands lying immediately south of Rush Creek Lake, extends entirely through the township from north to south, and affords a large body of fine farming land, except a small jjortion in the soutii, antl, perhaps, a lit- tle bordering on the lake, which is too wet for cultivation. The Sugar Creek Valley, known in early times as Iladley's Bottom, ex- tends from the Mad River \'alley a short dis- tance above Zanesficld, in a northeasterly diriK-tion, comprising the southeastern j)art of Calderwood's Survey, No. 3,1:J9, the principal part of Bradford's Survey, No. 3,130, and the southwestern part of Holt's Survcj', No. :i,0r4, ulVording a fine section of farming land about a mile ami one-half long and one-half 'a mile in width, and lying princiiially south of the road leading to North Greenfield. Marmon's Valley extends from the Mad River Vallev, eastward, almost to the south- east corner of the township, embracing the princijjal part of Samuel Davis' Survey, No. 3,'21G, and the western part of Thewett's Survey, No. 4,001. The Marnion Valley, though of limited extent, is scarcely surjjassed by any in the county, or in the State, for beauty and fertility; and, when seen from any of the crowning eminences on either side, presents a picture of almost indescribable loveliness. The McKee's Creek Valley, in the southwestern part of the township, is not so clearly defined as those already sjjoken of. The valley proper is narrow, and yet the hind on either side rises so gradually that the val- ley seems to merge into the upland with scarcely any abrupt hills to mark its bcmndary. The hills comi)rise one long, crooked and irregular ridge, or chain of hills, on the west, and three distinct groups on the east of the Mad River Valley. Commencing with, the former, we find, near where the Bellefontaine road crosses the western boundary of the township, a very elevated point, from which the surface descends in every direction — to the east and south into the McKee's Creek Valley, to the west to Blue .Jacket Creek, and to the north to a slight depression in the summit of the ridge. Following this ridge it takes along near the western boundary of the township to within about a mile of its north- ern limit, where it is penetrated from the east bv a branch of Rush Creek, without, however, being disconnected with the high ridge (hat extends in the direction of Harper. From tills point it turns to the eastward and termi- nates in that direction nearly o])posite the neck of lowland that connects the Mad River and Rush Creek Valleys. The eastern decliv- ity of this ridg(! is penetrated by numcnnis gorges and ravines, one of which pushes it- self almost entirely through to the head of .Mc- Kee's Creek, and nearly diseonnci-ts it from the ridge that walls in the lower ])art of the Mad River Vallev on the west. From this ^1 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 301 point of depression it, however, reaches near- ly its former elevation, and continues in a south'jrn direction to the southern limit of the township, split and broken into spurs and headlands b" narrow valleys and ravines which penetrate its eastern face, af- fording outlets for numerous branches and streamlets, and presenting some beautiful and picturesque landscapes, as seen from the hills beyond the valley. Of the grovips or ridges east of the valley, the first commences in the north near the Rushs3dvania pike, aud runs south, throwing out numerous spurs to the eastward, which gradually decline to the level of the Mill Creek Valley. It is abruptly terminated on the south by Sugar Creek Valley. Its west- ern face is rough and precipitous; its eastern slope much more gentle, but yet rough and irregular from the intervention of valleys and ravines. The second ridge, or group, runs east from Mad River directly opposite Zanes- ■field, and terminates near East Liberty. Its eastern slope is also gentle and rolling, whllp on the north, south and west it is extremely rough and broken, in manj' places being only adapted to the cultivation of fruits and ber- ries, and to pasture. The third and last ridge runs from Mad River eastward south of Mar- mon's Valley. Like the second, it is very abrupt and broken on the north, but, uidike it on the south, it continues high and rolling land, interspersed occasionally with ravines and valleys for a considerable distance till it reaches the waters of Mackachack. In describing the topograjihy of the town- ship, some peculiar features present them- selves: First, the Mad" River Valley, proper, seems to terminate where the old Sandusky road crossed the river, near Dickinson's Mills. The hills on each side converge to the chan- nel of the river, while the plain above, or even the channel of the river, has an eleva- tion 20 to 35 feet above the valley below. From this point the very narrow channel graduallv expands until in the eastern neighborhood, one and one-half to two miles above, it affords a body of farm land, which continues w-ithout anj- intervening hills to the bottom lands which spread out south and west from Rush Creek Lake, thus being connected with and being a part of the Rush Creek Valley in every respect, except that the southern part of it is so much depressed that the water, in seeking a level, flows south and finds its way into the Mad River channel. The same feature is notice- able at the head of the Marmon Valley, though to a less extent and with this differ- ence, that instead of the npperpart being cut off and isolated, it seems to extend beyond its proper limits, embracing a considerable extent of territorj', whose waters flow into Otter Creek — as though the eastern portion of the valley had tilted out of its proper level, and left its waters to collcet their forces and break through the barrier of hills in the direction of East Liberty, and so find an outlet through the Mill Creek A'allcy. Another locality of some interest is the highest point of land in the State of Ohio. It is on the farm of John G. Hoge, Esq., in the western part of the townshi]), and a little south of the Jerusalem pike. It is not a rug- ged eminence towering away up above the neighboring hills, but, on the contrarv, is a gentle elevation surrounded in all directions by high, rolling lands. It is easj' of access and susceptible of cultivation, as is all the ad- jacent land. Its elevation is so slight above surrounding hills that its pi-e-eminence is only determined by actual measurement. Many other points of interest in the town- ship are worthy of notice; among them Jeru- salem Falls, on the farm of Abraham Elliott, south of the Jerusalem and West Mansfield turnpike, and Slate Hollow, on the farm of Omar Brown, south of the Middleburg road. r -^|V a i^ •t> 302 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. both of wlncli have become noted places of resort for ])icnics and pleasure parties. Wliiic a drive over almost any of the hill roads which traverse the township presents a frequent succession of charming and pictur- esque landscapes, remarkable at once for their variety and beauty — one of the most striking of which is suddenly revealed to the vision in driving from Jerusalem in the direction of West Mansfield — when near New Salem Church, on reaching the brow of an eminence, the whol'e eastern side of the county seems to be unveiled before the bewildered eye. From the best information to be derived from records accessible, Jefferson Township originally comprised, besides its present ter- ritory, that which constitutes Rush Creek, Monroe, Liberty, Union, Lake, Harrison, Mc- Arthur and Eichland. Lake was struck off when the county was organized in 1S18, em- bracing, ])robably, all of Harrison, McArthur and liichland. What constitutes Liberty, and probably Union, must have belonged to Jefferson in February, 1831. The y(?ar fol- lowing, Monroe was struck off, and as early as in IH'i'J — probably a j'ear or two earlier — Rush Creek was organiy,ed, leaving the present boundaries, which arc, on the north, Rush Creek; cast. Perry; south, Monroe; and west. Lake and Liberty, which laps on Jefferson about one mile, extending that much further than Monroe. The township lies entirely withiti the Vir- ginia Military I^and District, roinprisin'r the principal part of some thirty-two survevs, with a greater or lesser portion of some ten or twelve others which lie prineipally in adjoin- ing townships. It would pu//.!i! the student of geometrical figures to describe or even to account for the existence of some of the anom- alous outlines assumed by many of these sur- veys, only that the parties locating seemed to have consuming passions for irregularity; nor is this irregularity less noticeable in the num- ber than in the outline. Without noting 842, a very small fraction of which lies Avithin the northeast corner of the townshi|>, the first, or lowest number .is 2,674, generally known as the Smith and Lyle lands, and the highest number is 13,.593, which, strangeij' enough, joins it on the west for a considerable distance. After Thomas Holt's, No. 2,674; D. Bradford, No. 3,130; James Caldcr wood's, Xos. 3,137, 3,138, 3,139; Samuel Davis, 3,210, and Alex- ander Dandridge, 3,220, had been surveyed and located, it would seem that the Green- ville treaty line was established, for the next surveys, in point of number embracing about two-fifths of the northern part of the township, were surveyed and located with reference to that line, thoxigh with a slight inclination to the right, which was doubtless the result of accident. Then commenced the process of gathering uj) the fragments found in the cen- tral and so\ithern part of the township, the result of which can only be comprehended by consulting the ma^. We only note, in conclusion, that survey' No. 3,137 was first settled; No. 3,220 is the largest, is rectangu- lar, and is bounded bj' meridians, as is No. 4,- 447; No. 5,812 is the smallest, and No. 3,083 has within it, the highest point in tiie State of Ohio. The township is divided into ten school dis- tricts, numbered from 1 to 5, and from 7 to 11 — No. 6 being, for some cause, left blank, together with the Zanesfleld Union School District and a fractiimal district partly in Jefferson and partly in Monroe, the school- house being in the former. The ]>ro " ^ ^ HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. trade has not been inconsiderable. B'lourand leather constitute the only manufactured arti- cles worthy of mention as exports. Of the former article, the two excellent mills on the Mad River, near Zanesfield, have produced larg-equantities of brands that have been gen- erally sought after in this and the adjoining counties. There has, however, been a slight falling off in the trade during the last year. In the manufacture of the latter article, the one tannery in Zanesfield has been doing a quiet, unpretending business, that has far ex- ceeded the local demand; hence, a yearly ex- port of a considerable amount of harness and upper-leather that has found a market in the towns and villages of this and the adjoining counties. Amongst the articles produced more exclu- sively for home consumption may be enu- merated hay, oats, beef, pork, mutton, almost all varieties of small fruit adapted to the cli- mate, potatoes and garden vegetables gener- ally; sweet potatoes have been raised for ex- portation to a considerable extent in former years, but of late the demand in the immediate vicinity has about equalled the supply. There has been a considerable quantity of honey pro- duced in the township, but the amount sold out- side its limits has not probably been verv great. As the productions of the township partake largely of the agricultural element, so the pursuits of the citizens are generally directed in that line, a large proportion of the labor- ing class being engaged in cultivating he soil. Of the remaining classes, we have of 1 linisters, who receive salaries as such, 3; phy- sicians, 3; students of medicine, 3; merchants, druggist, 1; capitalists, 4; blacksmiths, 4; pump-dealers, 2; carpenters, 4; wagon-makers, 2; tanner, 1; millers, 2; masons and plaster- ers, 4; saddlers, 2; tinners, 1; general wood- workers, 2; merchant's clerks, 2; shoemak- ers, 2; horse-dealers, 2: hotel-keeper, 1; saloon- keeper, 1. Zanesfield is the only regularly laid out village in the township, aud is located in the Mad River Valley, about midway of the town- ship east and west, and about one-third of the distance from the south to the north end, on the original road from Urbana to Upper Sandusky, now known as the West Liberty, Zanesfield, and Rushsylvania Free Pike, whore it is crossed by the road leading from Bellefontaine to Columbus. Jerusalem, three miles north of Zanesfield, on the Rushsylva- nia Pike, has formerly beiin a point of consid- erable trade, having a cabinet-shop and sales- room, a wagon-maker shop, blacksmith shop, a country store and grocery. At present it has only a postoffice and family grocery. A fine, commodious Grange hall gives it consid- erable importance in the north end of the township. Of the origin of the name, and the history of the formation and organization of the town- ship, the records of the township and county are alike silent. The former was doubtless given in honor of the third President of the United States, then in the zenith of his popularitj^ and the latter grew out of the re- quirements and necessities of the times. The earliest official record in reference to Jefferson Township is found on page 123 of a book purporting to be a volume of township records, and is as follows: "5th. At a meeting of the Trustees of Jef- ferson Township, Champaign County, Ohio, Isaac Zane, 2d, and Nathuii Norton, present, January 1st (or possibly June 1st), 181G. Ordered, that Martin Marmon, Treasurer of said township, will receive of Jesse Stansberry all the notes and orders belonging to said township. "6th. At a meeting of the Trustees of Jef- ferson Township, on the 27th of July, 1810, Isaac Zane, 2nd, Nathan Norton and Joel Smith, judges of an election, in order to elect a Justice of the Peace in place of James 394 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. A[cPherson,Es(|.,rcsigiieil, James M. Reed was duly elected as a Justice of the Peace for Jcftersoii Township: then adjourned." And on the following page we find this item, wlwch may be of interest to teamsters. It is in the proceedings of a meeting of the Trustees held the 24th day of August, 1816. ' " Ordered, That each two-horse team, with fore wheels of a wagon, sled or plough, shall not be allowed more than 87^ cents per daj-, and o.xen at the same rate, four-horse or ox- tcam in proportion. •'Thomas Thompsox, " Signed — " Clk. pro tern. " Isaac Zase, "\. NOKTOX." By another entry on the same page, we learn that .lolm Gunn was Township Clerk. But why these entries in the middle of the book? AVe are only left to suppose that the first and second pages, which are entirely gone, have been transcribed at a subsequent date. It is to be regretted that, as the record carries us back so near the commencement, we cannot have an authentic account of the organization of the township and the election orap])ointmentof its first ollicers. The records show, however, meagre as they are, that on Monday, the Tth of April, 1817, at an election, of which Joel Smith, Isaac Zane and Nathan Norton were Judges, and Ralph Lowe and George Krouskop, Jr., were Clerks, Martin Mainion was elected Treasurer; Solomon Mc- Colloch, James JI. Workman, Isaac Zune, Trustees; George Krouskop, Clerk; Isaac Myers, Lister of Ta.xable Property; .lolm Til- lis, Mr., William ll'-ams, George Henry, Sr., Supervisors; John Collins, Henry Shaw, Con- stables; George McColloch, Thomas Dickin- son, I'cncc Viewers; John Tillis, Sr., William Tluii|), Overseers of the Poor. The latter would not scTve, and llenrj' Pickrell was aj)- puinti'd ill his place. Thomas Thompson was appiiiiil d llouHi' .Appraiser, there having been none elected. Among the entries made on the record oc- curs the following, dated April 17, 1817: Ordered that John Collins, Constable, warn Eleanor Ward and her child to leave the town, or give security that she will noi be- come a township charge, likewise to warn David Reed to leave the township or give se- curity that he would not become a township charge. It is not certain what Eleanor did, but David did not go, for on the 2d day of March, 1818, the Trustees ordered that Martin Marmon have an order to pay Dr. John D. Elbert $1 for visiting David Reed, and fur- ther, that Martin ^Marmon be allowed ^12 for Lis atttMidance on said David Reed in his last sickness. In August, 1817, Lanson Curtis was elected Justice of the Peace, in place of Ralph Lowe, whose term of office had expired. From this it would seem probable that James McPhersou and Ralph Lowe were the first Justices of the Peace, but of their election we have no ofiicial record. At the Ajiril election, in 1818, Thomas Sutherland and .lolin Brown were succeeded by Solomon McColloch and Isaac Zane as Trustees, and at a meeting of the Trustees, held August 22d, it was ordered that Jarvis Datighherty be apjiointed Overseer of the Poor, in place of John Tillis; that Noah Z. McColloch be appointed Township Clerk, in place of George Krouskoji, and tlidt James Henry be appointed Constable, in place of James Hill, occasioned by a division of the township. This division here spoken of was doubtless the cutting oil" of Lake Township from Jefi'erson and its organization, which prob- ably took jilace about the time of the organiza- tion of the countv in 1818. In confirmation of tliistho recordsshow that, ata joint meeting of the Trustees of Jefferson and Lake held the 17th of October following, Alexander Long and George Krouskop signed the record as Clerks. There is no record of Long's n- s\y HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 395 appointment as Clerk, but his name is append- ed to records as Clerk as early as December 18, 1818. As Krouskop and Tillis both resided in what was constituted Lake township, it seems clear that .Tefferson was the original township and that Lake was cut off from it. It is not so clear, however, what the original boundary was, and what part was cut off. What would seem most reasonable to suppose, is that the original boundary included Lake and Har- rison, with Union and Liberty on the south, and McArthur and Richland on the nortli, and that this whole territory was cut off and con- stituted Lake Township. But in February, 1831, William Hopkins and David Norton were elected Justices of the Peace, in place of Israel Howell and Henry Robertson, the elec- tion being held in Zanesfield. As it is certain Israel Howell lived for some time previous to this either on the Henry Secrist or on the Isaac Dille place, both of which are in Liber- ty Township, it would seem evident that that part of the county was still within the jurisdic- tion of Jefferson Township. From 18"i2, when Monroe Township was set off, and Hopkins and Norton, who were both within its limit, John Bishop and Ralph Lowe held the office of .Justice until 1825, then Alexander Long until 1832, when he was succeeded by Dr. James Crew and William Henry until 1836. Dr. Crew held the office until 1841, when he was succeeded by L. P. Burton. Isaac G. AVilliams succeeded William Henry in April, 1836, and held the office until 1848, when he was succeeded by Samuel J. Crew. L. P. Burton left before his term expired and Charles Amy succeeded him, to be succeeded in turn by Dr. J. W. Johnson, probably in 1816. Johnson served until his death, in October, 1850. He was succeeded in April following by Daniel Cowgill. S. J. Crew served until April, 1854. Edward L. Carter and Amos Thompson were elected in April, 1854, and Asa Marnion and Thomas Elliott in April, 1857. Asa Marmon removed from the State and Joseph Robb was elected in October, 1857. Joseph Robb was succeeded in April, 18G0, by Dr. Crew, and Thomas Elliott in April, 1863, by William Vance. B. S. Scott succeeded Dr. Crew in October, 1863, and ^r. Crew succeeded AVilliam Vance, who re- signed^" mTA-Ugust, 1864. B. S. Scott's term expired in October, 1866; followed by Charles Rockwell in April, 1867. Dr. James Crew continued in office until his death in August, 1868; succeeded by his son, N. S. Crew, who served vmtil his removal from the State in 1873. T. F. Pope was elected in April, 1870, and continued in office until his death in De- cember, 1879. B. S. Scott was elected to N. S. Crew's vacancy in April, 1874, and served until April, 1880. Z. Laport and J. Slonecker were elected April 5, 1880. Among the names prominent as Trustees are — James M. Workman, Solomon McCul- loch, John Brown, Thomas Sutherland, John Smith, John Reed, Thomas Dickinson, Josh- ua Marmon, William Henry, Lot Garwood, Robert McCord, AVilliam McGee, Benjamin Smith, Johnson Patrick, of the olden time. The prominent Clerks were — George Krous- kop, Jr., Alexander Long, Col. Martin Mar- mon (3), David L. Hunt, Charles Amy and •John Mecliem, while Martin Marmon, Sr., had uninterrupted control of the treasury department from the organization of the township until 1841, and probably till near the close of his life. There is nothing- on record to indicate the political complexion of the township in its early history. From re- marks of old residents, however, it is nearly certain that in days of the younger Adams his supporters were largely in the majority. In 1840 the Whigs had a substantial majority; it is uncertain howLirgi!. After the formation of the Republican partj^, the Democrats were very frequently in the ascendency for a num- ber of years. Of late years the Republicans ^k F ,4 -^ — ^ 39G HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. have usually had majorities ranging from ten to forty- Tlie vote usually polled is from 340 to ."iSU. There are over 400 voters in the township. Of the early settlers in the township, Isaac Zane is considered to have been the first white man Avho resided within its limits. The time of his coming here must have been about the year 1800. The first reliable information we have of him in connection with the history of the township dates from 1805 to 1811. In the latter year he resided in a hewed log house, standing on the premises now owned bv -Mrs. I.vdia J)au. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 399 which sometimes amounted almost to bitter- ness, such was his genial nature and humor that he was highly esteemed even by his poli- tical opponents. He sold his home in 1871, where he had spent sixty-five years of his life, and removed to Iowa, where he resided with his son until his death on the 7th of last December. Richmond and Peter, older sons of Robert ilarmon, removed to the State of Mir:higan over fifty years ago. They are both deceased. Mrs. Jarvis Daughherty — • mother of William and Zaccheus — the only daughter, died some thirty j-ears ago. Martin Marmon, who, as already remarked, settled where Mr. Springate lives, was much more intimately connected with the organiza- tion, growth and development of both I the township and county than either of his brothers. Being a man of good business qualifications, and supplied with an inex- haustible store of humor and hilarity, his ser- vices and his social intercourse were alike ever in demand. And these good qualities were supplemented by a kind and sympathiz- ing nature, that ever prompted him to relieve the wants of those who were in poverty or distress. In illustration of this, it is related by one who knew him well, that at a time near fifty years ago, during the first settle- ment of the northerly part of this and the ad- joining county of Hardin, breadstuff became so scarce as to cause absolute suffering, bor- dering on to starvation, many families being not only without grain, but destitute of any means to procure it. Fortunately, alike for himself and for humanity, he had a large sup- ply of corn, which 'was greatly in demand. When called on for breadstuff, said our in- formant, the first question asked was, "Have you any money?" If answered in tiio affirm- ative, he was kindly informed of other places where his wants could be supplied. But if in the negative, he was promptly fur- nished with a grist of corn and sent on his way rejoicing. And in speaking of it after- wards, the old man exultingly exclaimed, not a single man whose wants had been thus re- lieved failed to pay him so soon as his ability permitted him to do so. In addition to serv- ing twenty-five years in succession as Town- ship Treasurer, he was the first County Treasurer serving four years in succession, while in the settlement of estates and transac- tion of other business where ability, tact and responsibility were required, his services were ever in demand. Of his sons, James W. will be noticed in the proper place as a physician. Robert M. married, settled and died in Zanes- field about thirty years ago. Samuel died perhaps ten years earlier, wiiile Henry W., still living on his farm, has attained to a good old age. He is quite feeble in health, and of late years has suffered much from a cancerous affection. Of his daughters, Hannah married Zaccheus Brown, died 18 — . Susan married Henry Cowgill, father of Speaker Oowgill, of the Ohio House of Rejiresentatives; survives her husband. Polly died in Zanesfield many years ago. Susan, the youngest, married David Brown in 1844, and died a few months afterward. Samuel had one son, Martin, and one daugh- ter, who married Jeremiah Reams. Martin was a Colonel of militia, and was Sheriff of Lo- gan County from 1835 to 1839. He acquired considerable property, but lost it dealing in stock. He removed to Hardin County, where several of his sons still live. About the time the Marmons came, and perhaps with and from the same place, Wil- liam Reams came, bringing- with him nine sons and one daughter, whose offspring have contributed to the population of this as well as one or two counties in Michigan. Of the father of the family, we learn but little e.xcej)t that from the organization of the township up to ISoO he scarcely ever failed to be elected Supervisor. He settled somewhere near Rush -| — ■* Ai — I— ->• 400 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Creek Lake, probably where his youngest son, John Roams, now lives. Caleb, his second son, made tiie first improvement on the farm, on whicli ho resided till near the close of his life. It is in James Galloway's Survey, No. 3,718, and is now owned by Josiah Keams. Jeremiah, the third son, made the first improve- ment on the farm where he now resides with his son, Martin M. Reams. The situation has been remarked for the fine view it affords of the beautiful valley spread out before it. Silas, tlie fourth son, commenced the first im- provement where Hezekiah J. Reams lives, but emigrated to Michigan at an early day, too-ether with a large number of the connec- tions, settling in what is now Cass County. Aaron Brown bought of Robert Marmon in 1818. lie was from North Carolina, and came north in the year 1800, stopping a short time at Redstone (now Brownsville) on the Monongahela, thence to Siiort Creek in Jef- ferson County, Oho, wliere he remained until he bought tiie farm in the Marmon Valley, on which lie lived until his death, in 18-10. Be- foru leaving North Carolina, he married Anna, fourth daughter of Dr. Benjamin Stanton, and sister of (afterwards) Dr. David Stanton, of Steubenville, who was father of Secretary Edwin M. Stanton. He, with his familj', be- longed to the Society of Friends, and, in com- mon with the largo family connection who came north near tlie same tinn;, came partly to find a more fertile and productive soil, which could then be clu-apiy purchased, and more es|iecially to give freedom to the slaves which belonged, by inheritance, to tlie family, and to escape the blighting influence of slaverj". On coming to Logan County, it is j)robable thai he first lived in a cabin just at the ascent of the hill at the north side of the valley, near the west line of the land for- merly occupied by his brother, John Brown. Possessing trreat energy and activity, and blessed with a robust family of sons, he soon cleared and brought under cultivation the fertile land lying in the valley, and before he had lived on the place eight j'oars he erected the very comfortable two-story brick dwelling in whiiji he resided the remainder of his life, and in which his grandson, Thomas S. Brown, lives at the present time. He was a man of excellent business qualifications and habits, though it would not seem that he ever aspired to office, as his name is rarely found in th? township records, but being a good scribe, an accomj)lishmcnt by no means universal or even common, and possesoing ready business tact and forethought, with general intelligence and pleasing address, he was well known and respected throughout the county. His wife was an excellent woman. She was resjiected for her sterling common sense, and loved for her kindness and gentleness. An old colored man who knew much of her private life not inaptly described her as a f/rcat hiij bundle of love. And truly her affections and sympathy were freelj' bestowed on all, especially on those in sorrow and affliction. She survived her husband, dying in 18.52. Aaron Brown had six sons, the children of his second wife, besides one Horton H. Brown, by a former wife, of whom we shall speak in another place. Of the second set of children. Dr. B. S. Brown, the eldest, will doubtless occupy a prominent place in the medical tlepartment of this history. Zaccheus married Hannah Mar- mon, and settled in Hadley's Bottom, on the road to North Greenfield. Ira married Re- becca Rea; died young, leaving two children, one of whom, a daughter, died in youth; the other, Ezra Brown, is one of the prominent farmers of the township, living near the upper end of Marmon Valley. Asa, the fourth son, married Hannah Sands, and settled, about the year 183S. in the north jiart of the township, in Survey No. 3,437, on a farm now owned by ' Cyi-us Wickcrsham. James, the fifth fon, ^■ r HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 401 married Elizabeth Willis, and settled on and cleared up the farm at present owned by Georare D. Adams, where he lived till about the year 1859, when he removed to Iowa, where he first settled in Warren County and afterwards in O'Brien, where he still resides. David, the sixth son, married, about two years after the death of his father, Susanna Marmon. Both died in less than two years after their mar- riapre. The daughters were — Mary, who lost the use of one of her feet in childhood; she sur- vived both of her parents, making her home at the residence of her youngest sister, at whose residence she died in the year 1803. Anne, the second, who became the second wife of .John Outland, of Perry Township, and died in 186-. Martha, the third, who died single, at about the age of 28, and Elma, the youngest, who was married to Edward Ken- ton in 1845, and who now resides with her husband and three youngest children in La Porte County, Ind. Tlie girls were bright and intelligent, and partook largely of the amiable qualities of their mother. Among the early settlers of Marmon Val- ley, the name of Henry Newsom (colored) is worthy of mention. He, also, was from North Carolina, but was never held in slavery. He came at an early day, jjurchasing before Aaron Brown. He was well respected for his quiet demeanor and general upright character. His grandson, Darius Newsom, is one of the lead- ing colored teachers of the county. The farm he settled on is now owned by Mrs. Ellen Coram. John Taylor settled next, east of Newsom, in Survey No. 4,001. His wife was a Stanton, aunt of Hon. Benjamin Stanton. He died in early life, leaving three children — Benjamin S., who married Martha Outland; Mary, who married Lemuel Watkins, and Sarah Ann, first wife of John Outland. After his death, his widow married Edmund Marmon, and had three children— Joseph, Martha and Amos P. Marmon, all of whom married and settled outside of the township. After his mother's death, Benjamin occupied the farm during his lifetime, succeeded by his youngest son, Aaron Taylor, one of the leading farmers of the township. Benjamin Zane made the first improvement where Albert Jacobs' lives, selling to Reuben Watkins in 1830, who died in 1835, leaving his farm to Joel, his youngest son, who mar- ried Margaret Fowler, now Mrs. Jacobs. George Witcraft settled where Elwood Brown lives, succeeded by his son, John; John D. Elliott, and finally by the present owner. In the division of the John Taylor estate, that part south of the road fell to Lemuel Wat- kiuii', who, about the year 1858, commenced improving the farm on which Ezra Brown resides, first building a cabin down in the bottom west of the present dwelling. Peter Marmon, .Joshua's brother, made the first im- provement where John D. Elliott lives. It was afterwards owned by Dr. J. W. Marmon, and later by Joseph James. Col. Martin Marmon made the improvement on the Hannah Wat- kins farm, now owned by S. P. Strong, and Benjamin Watkins improved the farm on top of the hill south of Josiah Peeble's residence. Daniel Butler, whose wife was a sister of Reuben Watkins, as was Martin Marmon's wife, came about the same time of the Mar- mons, perhaps later; bought of Isaac Zane a small tract of land, so described as to include the mill privilege, where the Baldwin mill is. It does not appear that he ever used the mill seat. He built a house, and lived a little north of where the mill stands until about 1833, when he sold to Daniel Hunt, and bought the MoAtee farm, now owned by W. J. Ljde, then unimproved. John Bishop bought immediately west of him, and made improvements, where T. E. Pennock now lives. In the year 1811, Joseph Dickinson came from Viro-inia. He lived two vears in & ■ V J: 3 402 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. a cabin staiulinjT wlierc Oren Outknd's house now is, in Zanesfield, and after that, one year near Ht^llefontaine. He then bought of Simon KiMiton IGO acres in the southeast corner of Survey No. 3,439, and commenced ini])roving, where J. W. Easton lives. After eijjiiteen luontlis, he learned that Kenton's title to the land was worthless. He fortu- nately recovered back his purchase money, but lost his labor in improving the land. He then bought of James Catlet 125 acres in Dandridge's Survey No. .3,220, where .John H. Dickinson now resides. Shortly after this. Lot Garwood bought inuiiediatel^' east in the same survey, and made imjirovements, where James K. Abraham lives; and about the year 1822, James and Archibald Walker, from Dan liiver, in Virginia, settled immediately south. The land owned by the former is at- tached to the John H. Dicknison farm. Ed- ward Mason came from Kentuckj' a year or two earlier. He owned a large bocjj' of land in the southwest corner of the survey, and settled where his son-in-law, Jesse T. Grubbs, lives. Farther east in the same survey, George Henry, Sr., and his son, William, bought 100 acres, about the year 1811, the former building on the south half, now owned by Isaac Rogers, but i)relty well to the east end of the farm, and the latter on the north half, where Newton Garwood lives. Abra- ham Painter bought 100 acres ne.\t north, and built where Phillip Crouse lives. James Henry and Samuel J'. C'ostin bought the 100 a('resnext north of Painter's, the former taking the part south, and the latter the jiart north of the Jiellefontaine road. The lOU acres north of this remained unimproved until 1831, when Justus Cooper bought it and imp.-oved it. The 1011 acres in tiie southeast corner of the survey was conveyed by Gen. McArthur to Rol)ert Armstrong forshowing the head spring of tiie Scioto River, tluTeliy securing an ad- dition of many thousands of acres of land to l(oi» J of til 1 ditio 11 1 the Virginia Military Survej's, over and above what was included by the Ludlow Line. Of this 100 acres, William got a part, and Red- wood Easton a part. It is not certain where the former built, but the latter down in the hollow south of where Mr. DeVi'itt lives. Isaac, after selling his little farm, cast of Mad River, to Parkinson and Kenton, bouglit 100 acres ne.\t north of tliis, and subsequently acq\iired the principal part of this, also. Jonathan Sumner Ijovight 100 acres north of this, about 181G, where he instituted a primitive tannery on a small scale — the first in the townsiiip, possibly in the county. He afterwards sold to Justus Cooper, and he, in lS:iO, to Joshua Scott. West of tlic l);iii(irl supply the farmers of Jefferson Township to a very great extent until the very excellent mills near Zanesfield were built, thirty to forty years ago. Tlie increase of populati< in developed new want.s, which in turn were redressed by the ingenuity and indefatigable industry of the sturdy men and kind-hearted women that came to develop the resources of a new country, and provide homes for a future pros- perous people. It is difficult to tell how early sheep were brought into the country. It was doubtless a hazardous uiulertaking- to ])rotcct them from the wild animals that infested the country. And yet, as wool was required to supply one of the settlers' most urgent wants, it is reasonable to conclude that sheep were introduced at a very early period in the liistory of the settlement of the township. And this conclusion is confirmed by the stories which our j)ioneers tell of the use of the hand- cards long before the introduction of wool carding machinery, when it is remem- bered that fifty years ago wool carding ma- chines were old institutions in the country. In this important branch of industry, however, Jefferson Township has been dependent on other localities. It was not until between thirty and forty years ago that a carding machine was established in the township, and that did not prove a success. The cultivation of flax being an important item of domestic econom}', was not overlooked, and a thrifty family might provide every article necessary to clothe a person comfortably, except shoos and hats, and even the latter might be impro- vised from braided straw. The first effort at tanning leather, as can be learned, was about the year 1810, when Jonathan Sumner started up a. little tannery on Goose Creek, about forty or fifty rods north of the Bellefontaine pike. This was an insignificant atlair and never amounted to much, though the remains were yet to be scon in 1830. Benjamin Smith started a tannery in Zanesfield in 1830 with such fixtures as to enable him to do ex- cellent work, of which mention will be made in another place. The mercantile business, so far as we can loarn, was first rejiresonted by Lanson Curtis, who seems to have com- menced trade on a small scale at Zanesfield, soon after the close of the war of 1812. n" 3]^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 407 Social intercourse seems to have been en- couraged then as well as in later years, not only in gatherings, in which the men and women, both old and young, met together and shared each other's labor, and the interchange of visits between neighbors of the same vi- cinity; but a friendly intercourse was kept up between the various neighborhoods. Many of the early settlements had been made up, to a considerable extent, by Quakers or persons of Quaker origin and sympathies coming from different States and localities, and hence the encouragement given to social intercourse between the various groups situated at Darby and in the Beechwoods (by which was under- stood all that indefinite region about Gar- wood's Mills and beyond, and also on King's Creek in Champaign). It should not be under- stood that the social relations were restricted to any sect or denomination. If there were not as strong ties of sympathy between the various church organizations as seen to exist at present, still a difference of religious be- lief was not a bar to friendly intercourse. Social customs have changed materially since the first settlement of this countr}^, and yet the change has, for the most part, resulted from a change of surrounding circumstances. In regard to marriages, one of our county papers has recently published a list of mar- riages, as returned to the Clerk's office, from the organization of the county, showing that in the early history of the county those mar- ried by a minister were the e.xception, while for the last ten or fifteen years in Jefferson Township scarcely twice that many marriages have been solemnized by magistrates. An- other custom in reference to marriage fifty years ago: It would have been in violation of all rules of propriety for a bride to have appeared at the altar, or anywhere in public after marriage, without her head being incased in an elaborate cap. Sixty years ago it was not an event to occasion any remark for young ladies to walk five, six or eight miles to attend a religious meeting, or make a so- cial visit, while to ride on horseback behind her brother or a gentleman friend was a thing so common as to occasion no surprise. Cus- toms have changed as much in regard to travel, perhaps, as in anything else. The Hon. Benjamin Stanton returned with his wife from a visit to his former home in Jeffer- son County, a short time after commencing the practice of law in Bellcfontaine, traveling in a one-horse wagon — then usually called a " carryall." It was innocent of any top or covering and had only such springs as were constructed of wooden bars, and yet no one suspected him of compromising his dignity. In 1830 there were not more than four covered carriages in Jeff'erson Township, and only two of them had springs. Steel springs in their present form were then unknown; the only carriages making any pretentions to ease and elegance were hung on thoroughbraces on the principle of the old-fashionod mail-coach, though differing materially in construction. Hearses were unknown. When Abraham Painter died, one of his neighbors sent his son with one of those old-fashioned wagons with a bed curving up before and behind, and a three-horse team, the driver riding the saddle horse, and driving the lead horse with a single line, to convey the corpse to its last resting- place, while a few men and boys were seated promiscuously in the wagon around the coffin. And nobody's sensibility was shocked, and all was regarded as being done with due respect to the solemnity of the occasion, while if a looking-glass had been left in the residence of the deceased, without its face being turned to the wall, it would have been regarded as something entirely unbecoming. As carriages were almost unknown, it was usually cus- tomary for the family of the deceased to fol- low the remains to the grave on horseback. Among the Friends it was customary to A, 408 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. solemnize niariiage at the church, after -which the wedding guests, preceded by the bride and groom, rode on horseback to the resi- dence of the bride, sometimes constituting an imposing cavalcade; and that was not infre- quently the occasion of some envious or malicious scalawag sotting up a pair of pad- dies in some conspicuous place by the road- side as a token of derision towards the parties. As the locality had long been a favorite resort with the Indians, tliey were naturally intimately connected with its history. After the surrender of Gen. Hull at the River Raisin, large numbers of friendly Indians in the northern part of the county fled panic- stricken, and threw themselves on the pro- tection of the government. It is said about 500 of these were brought in to the vicinity of ZanesBeld and cared for by the authori- ties. The feeling of danger, which was real, was constantly being excited, enhanced by false alarms and exaggerated reportsi In illustration, it is said that Esquire McCoid, of Urbana, then holding a Captain's commission in the volunteer service, with his command had charge of a party of friendlj' Indians, bringing them southward, and finding some of them tardy, or their sense of danger not being equal to his, he promised one of the Indians a dollar to secrete himself in the rear, and fire his gun and give two or three Indian war-whoops. The ruse had elTect, and more; for it is said that one of the command, hap- pening to be isolated from the rest, became 60 overcome with the sense of danger that he ran as far as Colnmljus, the first white settle- ment he chanced to strike, with the startlinnr news that MeCoid's command was entirely cut to pieces and he alone was left alive to tell the story. The Indians, though not hos- tile, l)eing entirely unused to the restraints of civilized life, wore a constant source of anxiety and annoyance to the few scattered settlers. The braves as well as the squaws would visit the cupboard or the larder with- out waiting for an invitation, or realizing any sense of impropriet\' or want of etiquette. Sometimes their visits were exceedingly ill- timed and mortifying. While Joseph Dick- inson lived in Zanesfield, on his first coming to the county, his Excellency Gov. Meigs visited Zanesfield with his staff for the pur- pose of inspecting the blockhouses and other defenses of tlie post. It was resolved to make his visit the occasion of a grand recep- tion, and Grandmother Dickinson, than whom none knew better how to spread an excellent repast, was charged with the duty of ]iro- viding for the creature comforts of the Gov- ernor and his attendants. The arrangements bade fair to all be carried out in good order. The soldiers belonging to the blockhouse, with the armed Indians, were drawn up in line, and received their distinguished visitor with a grand salute, whose eclioes rolled down the valleys, bringing a horseman in hot haste from the extreme south end of the county, sup))osing the post had suffered an attack from the enemy. But what was the mortification of our excellent hostess to bo compelled, while his Excellency was making his round of inspection, to observe the im- perturbable braves from time to time gravely enter her cabin and unceremoniously appro- priate such of the viands as suited their fancy, until, when the hour arrivijd for her honored "•uests to dine, there was nothing left but such scraps as the dignified red men had deemed unworthy of their attention. With the return of jieaee, and the location of the Wj'andot Indians on their reserve near Upper Sandusky, they began gradually to disappear, until, in ls:i0, there were only four families connected with them in the reserve, and three of them were assimilated with the whites, and in fact all of them attended school, and made some progress in learnin'T. In the sutninor of that year they HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 409 were seen in great numbers, for the last time, in the streets of Zanesfield. It was on the occasion of a camp-meeting- held in Union Township, and they passed this way going and returning. They rode ponies, and the squaws — many of whom carried papooses on their shoulders, secured by their shawls in some peculiar manner — presented a strange, fan- tastic appearance. Jefferson Township has been comparatively free from murders, suicides, or accidents re- sulting in death. A few cases of the latter have occurred, of which we can only call to mind the following: In the summer of 1848, Nathan Walton was killed at the steam saw-mill north of Jerusalem, by the saw coming in contact with a handspike with which he was attempting to steady the log. In December, 1850, Edwin Michener was crushed by a stone which he was attempting to bury. Having made an excavation by the side and partly under the stone, and being unable to roll it in, he got down and com- menced to dig further under the stone, when it rolled upon him, crushing him so that he died in a few hours. About the year 1851, Jeremiah Grimes, a young man, residing with his parents on the Sandusky road, just south of the township line, was killed by the falling of a limb, while cutting down timber in the woods. In the spring of 1864, Milton, son of Mr. George Corwin, living in the north part of the township, was fatally injured in the fol- lowing manner : He had hitched his horse to a rail in the fence, and, going to him, the horse scared, and, pulling back, jerked the rail out of the fence, which struck him, producing injuries resulting in death in a few days. In March, 1879, Isaac Rudasill received a fatal injury from being thrown from a horse. In company with two other young men, he was returning from Zanes- field to his home, near Walnut Grove. When near Frank Myers', a mile south of Jerusalem, they got to running their horses, when Ruda- sil's horse slipped and fell, throwing him on the road with such violence as to produce concussion of the brain, resulting in death the following day. On the 20th of July, 1880, Enoch M. Scott, a farmer, 70 years old, living near the head of Marmon's Valley, was returning from Zanes- field with a two-horse wagon and a spring wagon hitched behind it. On the road, his horses frightened, and became unmanageable. Running out of the road, they struck a log, which threw him off the wagon. Attempting to rise, the spring wagon knocked him down, and, runnino; over him, bruised and mano-jed him in a most shocking manner, causing death after about forty-eight hours of intense suffering. Thomas Thompson, who was the first Audi- tor and the first Recorder of Logan County, was one of the leading men in the early his- tory of Jefferson Township. He was distin- guished as one of the best scribes that ever held office in the county. He lived on the Urbana road, be\'ond the State bridge, and hence belonged to Monroe Townshij), after that was organized. John Brown, one of the Trustees in 1818, and several subsequent years, was a brother of Aaron Brown, and lived on his farm, and after- wards on Peter Marmon's, who was his son- in-law. He removed to Michigan about 1824. Ralph Lowe came from North Carolina at a very early date; was one of the first two Justices of the Peace, his first term expiring in March, 1818. He resided for awhile near the old saw-mill, one-half mile south of Zanes- field. He bought 100 acres of land lying im- mediately north of New Salem Church, on which he settled, and where he lived till 18G0, when he sold, and bought a house and lot near Zanesfield, where he lived until his death, in the year 1872. \' ^\(S >\^ iii 410 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Lot Garwood was a prominent farmer, set- tling at an early date on the farm now owned by J. H. Abraham. He was a brother to Levi Garwood, one of the Associate Judges of Logan Common Pleas Court. He frequent- ly hold the ofTice of Township Trustee. David Krouskop, for many years a Town- ship Trustee, was born in the towiisliip, or moved into it with his parents in early youth; frequently held the office of Infirmary Di- rector; removed to Lake Township about the year 1866. Samuel Hyde Saunders was a man of many peculiarities, one of which was a mania for building all of his enclosures in the form of a hexagon, which gained him the appella- tion of He.xagon Saunders. He was the pro- prietor of S. H. Saunders' Surveys, Nos. 12,563 and 13,076, and besides tlie tract constituting the farm of Lemuel Watkins. It was here that he attempted to elaborate some of his peculiar ideas. In 1830 he was entirolj' car- ried away with the project of raising silk- worms and producing silk. For this purpose he had cleared quite a little patch, and de- voted it to the culture of Chinese mulberries, for the leaves on wliich to feed liis worms. These he had arranged on shelves around the walls of his six-sided little shanty. During the feeding season which commenced as soon as the leaves, which wore of a rapid and lux- uriant growth, attained a sullicient size, after they had spun their cocoon, he used some- times to come to town with a parcel of them in a basket and stop at the house of some acquaintance to reel the silk. It was a curious though simj)le process. Ho was the first to instruct the housewives of the community in the manufacture of tomato catsup, then sup- posed to be the only use to which the tomato was adapted. He wag a man of extensive iiiionnation. and fond of companj', though living entirely alone. Zane McCoUoch was a favorite associate, and they spent many hours on the common, engaged in the old English amusement of shuttlecock. One or two sea- sons, however, seemed to satisfy "his curiosity in the silk-worm business," for he soon after disappeared. It is j)robab]e that he joined his family, who, for some cause or other, never lived in this vicinity. He died not many years after leaving here. Tom Hale was another peculiar character, though of a different type. He was remark- able for his ingenuity, which seemed to take the direction of looms and weaving. He had formerly lived in the eastern part of the State, and had sojourned awhile in the State Capital somewhat unwillingly, his visit being occasioned by the peculiar views he enter- taitied about the ownership of some bacon. A historj' of Jefferson Township would be incomplete without a brief mention of the colored population. The township being settled to a considerable extent by Friends, or Quakers, from North Carolina and Vir- ginia, it is natural that it should be regarded as an attractive stopping-place by an oppressed race, who were justified in regarding them as friends. Hence, from its earliest history it has been the abode of a very considerable number of colored people. The number, however, has latterly been de.lining, until at present it consists of but one family and per- haps two or three transient sojourners. Henry Newsom, John Newsom, and Kin- chen Artes were among the first to come, followed by Tabarns, Bynls, Wades, Wal- dens, Stewart^, Aliens, Ashes, Madrys, Mar- nings and others, until, from 1S40 to 1850, they constituted a very considerable element in the population of the township. About the year 1849, the Newlin family, consisting of some forty men, women and children, came from Carolina. They were directly from a state of slaverj', having been manumitted by their master by will. As a class, they were much inferior to the colored people hitherto J^l 3L> 3 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 411 in the countrj^ being sadly addicted to the use of intoxicating drinks. Before this time, however, the colored peo- ple had begun to leave in considerable num- bers, going at first to Mercer County, about the time of the building of the Saint Mary's reservoir, and later to Cass County, Mich., and more recently still to Paulding County. Many of them have acquired a considerable amount of property and become good, intelli- gent citizens, while others, less energetic and provident, have made little or no advance- ment. They have usually shown a commend- able spirit in reference to education. Solomon Day, Esq., Principal of the colored schools of Dayton, was raised principally in JeflFerson Township. Micajah Dimry, who was the first colored juror of Ohio, came from North Caro- lina in 1831, and has resided in JefTerson Township ever since. Though not in affluent circumstances, he owns a good farm, which he has acquired since he came to Ohio. It is difficult to state who built or owned the first saw-mill in the township, or at what precise time. It is probable that it was built before the war of 1812, for it was abandoned as early as 1820, and in 1830 only a few vestiges of the ruins remained. The most remarkable feature about it was the race, which was nearly or quite a mile in length, commencing on the farm of T. E. Pennock, and extending to within about twenty rods of the south lino of the survey, the mill standing near where the West Libert}' road crosses the line of an old projected railway. It is probable that it was not a paying concern, as it was suffered to go down before any other mill was built in the community. The saw-mill built in the town- ship was by Joshua Folsom, in 1830, one mile north of Zanesfield. The dam was built of logs and earthwork about twenty yards above the present. The mill was constructed with a sash saw, and run by a flutter-wheel. The dam was several times washed out, which involved a heavy expense in repairs. Yet it continued to be successfully run, with various modifications and improvements, un- til in 1850, when Charles Folsom, into whose hands the property had passed after the death of his father, dug a new race from the old dam down to where the flouring mill stands, where he built a new saw-mill with a 24-foot wheel. But afterwards building a flouring mill, he appropriated the water power to that, and put in a steam engine to run the saw- mill. With this, he run it successfully for a number of years, but finally pulled it down and removed it, devoting all his attention to the flouring mill, and to other business in which he had engaged. About ] 843 or 1814, the next saw-mill was built on Mad River, near the residence of George Peters. It was run very successfully by the proprietor for a number of years ; but, Mr. Smith going into the mercantile business, the mill was rented out, and finally run down so as to render it an unprofitable investment. The property afterward came into the pos- session of Mr. Shaots, who sold all of the mill worth removing. The frame was moved to Zanesfield, where it is used by Brown & Mar- quis. Daniel Arbcghast, and Samuel Ley- master built a steam saw-mill, with a muley saw, a short distance north of Jerusalem, about the year 1848, which did an extensive and profitable business. It was afterwards run by W. A. Slenker, but has been removed a number of years. Near the same time of its erection, Luther Smith built one on his farm, near the head of Hadley's Bottom. It was similar in its construction, but not as successful in its operation. After being run awhile by Smith & Moody, and afterward by George D. Adams, it was sold, and removed to Union County. But the uprigiit saws have almost entirely gone out of use, and the portable engine, with its circular saw, seemed to take the field, -and one was found «C^ i -.— ^|V '112 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. in almost every neighborhood. But, with the great improvement in roads in later years, good, substantial, ])ermanent engines, with circular saws and all the late improvements, are more in demand. Of flouring-mills — passing the Wilkinson Mill with the brief mention already made — we have only two left of which to speak: The Baldwin Mill, built by John Pirn, in 183G, and the Folsom Jlill, built eighteen years later. The former was built, and run as a water mill, exclusively, for many years. Manj' improve- ments were made, however, on the original model, and finallj-, the water-power being deemed insullicient, a lease for several feet additional head was negotiated with Charles Folsom, and a steam engine was put in, which gave it a capacity for first-class merchant work, and it lias contributed largely to the business and prosperity of the township. The mill was run first by John Pim, then by I. J. Baldwin, Baldwin & Potts, Baldwin & Bro., then sold to Itiddle cS: Rutan, and run by G. P. Stevenson, ansent line of the West Liberty, Zatiesfield and Hushsylvania pike, except that it has been straightened in places, especially across the farm of Mr. Shaots, where it curved around up the valley, jiassing nearer the house than the present location. There was also a curve in the road just south of Zanes- field, which was straightened when the pike was built. It was most likely a number of years that this road was made before the road was sur- veyed and cut out from Columbus to Belle- fontaine; probably after the countj' seat was established at the latter place. It followed the line of the present road from Middleburg to Zanesfield, and then down the Urbana road to the south line of Major Long's land, which passed a short distance north of the residence of Mrs. Margaret Knight, and with that line west to the hill, up to the summit, bearing to the left, entered the Goose Creek bottom, just south of the corner of Oliver Fawcett's land and up the bottom to the line of the old road just below the pike, and thence up the hill, south of Jonah Bulwer's house. In 1833 the road was surveyed and opened irom Sandusky street, at Leas' corner in Zanesfield, west- ward on the line between Curtis and Long to the west line of the survey, thence west to intersect the old road in Goose Creek bottom. About the time the road from Columbus was opened — for there is nothing on record to in- dicate the date — the road Ui East Liberty, then known as Garwood's Mills, was opened, the line being the same as at present, except that it commenced in the Columbus road near the brick meeting-house, east of Mad River, and V HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 413 running- obliquely up the bill, through the Wonders and Knight places, opposite Benja- min Knight's orchard. After Thomas Dickin- son settled on the Knight place, he secured the alteration of the road to its present loca- tion. The Solomon's Town road was one of the pioneer thoroughfares of the township and county. It started in the Sandusky road just south of the crossing of Mad River, and, lead- ing up the river on the left bank, continued northward, bearing west by way of Harper and Solomon's Town to Round Head's Town, as it was then spoken. In 1830, a guide board at the starting point indicated twelve miles to Solomon's Town. The road from Bellefontaine to Marion, though located at an early date, was less known and traveled fifty years ago than those above mentioned. It passed through the township on the line of the Jerusalem pike. The Mill Creek road in 1830 was but an ob- scure and winding way cut out wide enough for wagons to pass through the thick forest. It was mostly used by hunters and persons from the settlement who went out each spring and entered on unoccupied land for the pur- pose of making sugar. The route usually traveled left the San- dusky road near the corner of T. E. Pennock's farm, and crossed the river near the mouth of the tail-race. It probably kept south of the present road pretty much all the way as it run south of Kirkpatrick's house. In 1830, the Trustees granted a township road from the Sandusky road, southeast cor- ner of Isaac Zane's farm, westward, passing on or near the south line of Lot Garwood's land, and intersecting the Bellefontaine road between McKee's Creek and the township line. Subsequently it was altered to continue westward north of Krouskop's (McBeth's) farm to the township line. In 1833, a grant was given for a township road from the above road near Lot Garxyood's southwest corner, south to George Henry's southeast corner, thence on the nearest and best route to the county road near George McColloch's. A number of other townshiji roads have been constructed at a later date, but there is nothing to be found on record to indicate the time or attending circumstances. There has been but one toll road runniusr o through the township, namely, the Bellefon- taine and Zanesfield turnpike, running from Bellefontaine through Zanesfield to near Goshen Church, on the Middleburg road. It was built by a companj-in IS — . There were two gates — one near Bellefontaine, w-hich was afterwards moved to a point inside of Jeffer- son Township, and one near the brick church cast of Mad River. The toll charged for a car- riage and one horse was two cents per mile. As the number of free pikes in tlie county increased, it created a good deal of dissatis- faction. Men who had been taxed heavily to build free pikes at home disliked to pay toll on a road which they were so frequently required to travel over. In accordance with the petition of a majority of the land-holders along the line, the Commissioners purchased the road in 187-, and the only toll-gates ever erected in the county were removed. With the completion of two miles of pike in the Mar- mon Valle)-, which has already been granted by the Commissioners, there Avill be three pikes running directly across the township — one from North to South, and two from East to West. Work is also rapidly progressijig on the Mad River Valley road, a little over two miles in length, leading from Dickinson's Mills to the Applegrove schoolhouse, on the .Jeru- salem pike. There is also one in course of construction from Goshen raeetiiig-house southward, leading to Mingo, in Champaign County. Some time between the years 1837 and 1845, a special act passed the Legislature A: M>^ 414 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. proviiliiiar lor tlic iinprovement of the road luailinjr Irom Bflleluntaino to Marysville, by wiiv of Zanesfiold, E:i5t Liberty and Xowtoii, by applying the road tax on ail the property wltliin two miles of the line on either side to jirailing, bridging and such other work as the Commissioners having the work in charge should deem most profitable. The act prob- ably remained in force until it was set aside by the adoption of the new Constitution, in 1851, and under its provisions a great im- provement was made in the road over the hill west of Zanesficld, much of which, liowever, was thrown away, as a change was subsequent- ly made in the road leading up the hill. A great improvement was made in the condi- tion of the road loading to East Liberty. Little is known of the construction of bridges in the early history of roads in the township. In the year 18^30 but one was found in its limits — that across Mad River on the Sandusky road. It was a simple structure, consisting of sills rest- ing on abutments covered with split puncheons secured with wooden pins. At the crossing of Mad lliver, east of Zanesficld, a very good ford was constructed by hauling large quan- tities of gravel in so as to make a solid road- way, and the same plan was adopted in other places, though in many places the crossing was difficult, especially when the water was high. At the present time the township is well sup])licd with good, substantial bridges, the best being the iron bridge across Mad River, on the Rushsylvania pike. The first stage-lino through the county passed through Zanesficld on the Spritigfield, Urbana and Sandusky road. It is not certain at what time it was established, but it was most [)robably in IS'25. It continued about two years, and then the line was changed to run by way of Billefontaine and West Lib- erty. It was a tri-weekly line. ^Vfter the rliaiige, a mail route was established from IJellefontaine to Marysvillo, by way of Zanes- ficld and Garwood's Mills, the mail being carried on horseback. Some time from 183-1 to 1837, a hack line was established from Bellefontaine to Columbus, by way of Zanesficld and Middleburg, but it was of short duration. Some time ])rovious to 1860, the mail-carrier commenced carrying passengers in a light wagon or buggy, except during the muddy season. At the commencement of the Rebellion, great impatience was manifested on account of the want of better mail facilities. The East loft Bellefontaine three times a week, in the morning, before the arrival of the mail at that point. Hence, mail arrixing on Mon- day or Tuesday at that point would be de- layed until Wednesday before reaching Zanes- ficld. To obviate the inconvenience an inde- pendent daily mail line was organized and kept up by the patrons of the Zanesficld post- office during the continuance of the war. Af- ter the eomulction of the railroad through Marysville, the farmers' mail route was dis- continued and a new route established, run- ning: from East Liberty each morning, by way of West Middleburg and Zanesficld, to Belle- fontaine, and returning in the afternoon, thus giving the three jilaoes named mail facilities nearly equal to the most favored railroad towns. A very comfortable hack is run for the accom- modation of passengers. The village of Zanesficld was laid out in the year 1819 by Alexander Long and Ebe- nezer Zane, on lands sold to them by Lucas Sullivant, being part of James Calderwood's Survey, No. 3,137. The dividing line between them was near the centre of the Bellefontaine road, as at present located. From the best information to be derived, the Sandusky road ran eighty-four feet west of its present loca- tion, and Zane had sold Lanson Curtis a let bounded on the south by his south line, and on the east by the Sandusky road. An ar- rangement was entered info between Long HI* f 'A HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 415 and Zane to lay out town lots on their respective lands, and the very remarkable plat was agreed upon which can only be un- derstood by consulting the map, from which it will be seen that of the first six lots only one fronts on a street. Then after locating lot No. 7 on Zane's land, northeast corner of Columbus and San- dusky streets, coming back on to Long's part, Nos. 8 to 13 were located on the east side. The southeast corner of Sandusky and Co- lumbus streets was left vacant, probably for the reason that it was occupied by Isaac Zane, then near the close of his life; 14 and 15 were located on West street, marked on the map Liberty street; then IG to 25 on San- dusky street, running back 160 feet, com- mencing on Zane's land, northwest corner of Sandusky and Locust streets; lots numbered dG to 28 run back to Curtis' east line, for by some intrigue with the Commissioners, Long liad secured the removal of the road to its present location. The residue of the lots, numbering in all 31, fronted on Sandusky street, and ran back west IGO feet. Instead of deflecting to the left at the commence- ment of the East Liberty road, it continued its course far enough to intercept the line of the road between C. H. Folsom's and T. E. Pennock's land. A quarrel had taken place between Long and Curtis, and by this means the former had designed to cut the latter off so that he could only reach Sandusky street by way of Locust street, which was only twenty-four feet ^ide. Zane, who was a man remarkable for his unsullied puritv, was an unsuspecting party to this little scheme of spite-work. Before the day of sale, however, he became incensed, whether for this or some other cause is not known, and pulled up all the stakes on his part and refused to offer his lots for sale. Hence lot No. 7, and all after 25, are blank on the map. Being thus far successful. Long's next move was to secure from Zane the lot intervening between the street and Curtis' lot. For this he offered him 8100. Zane's reply was, " Mebby not." Seeing Curtis, Zane asked him if he wished to buy the lot. Curtis told him he did, and asked the price. He replied, " Mebby §10." The terms were gladly accepted, and Long's little scheme ended in grief. This circum- stance related alone, however, does Long in- justice. He was a brave soldier, a good citi- zen and kind neighbor. Influenced by jealousy and anger, he was capable of meanness that he would probably be ashamed of in his better mo- ments. The surveyed plat was filed in the Re- corder's office without anj- specifications. The plat was copied on the record, and in 1830 Al- exander Long filed specifications in accordance with the actual measurement of the plat, stating that he supposed it to have been an omission when the plat was filed. It would seem remarkable that with so fine a scope of land lying between the prairie and hill the village should have been crowded into the bend, of the branch so as to require the then leading road of the county to make an irregular crook of an eighth of a mile out of its line to reach it, and then as far back to leave it on reasonably solid ground. The only apparent solution is found in the fine springs abounding along the bank near the edge of the prairie, in the vicinity of which the first houses were built. The business centre having thus been established in that locality, there has never been a sufficient demand for business houses to warrant building up in an- other quarter. And as if to make tlie chano-e still more impracticable, McCollochs, when theyprojected their addition, in 1844, instead of locating their main street through the center of their plat, located an alley there and laid the street entirel- outside of all their lots. Thus it will be seen that whatever of beauty and ad- vantage the village possesses ithas inspite (}f, and not on account of, its civil engineers. ^± !:W 41G HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. It is true that Tcnery's Addition, laid out in 1853 by Josepli L. Tent-ry, exhibits a fair regard to taste and convenience in the loca- tion of its streets and allej's; the only incon- venience is that it is so far from the business part of the town for a village of such small dimensions; but, for quiet, pleasant resi- dences, it is seldom surpassed. It is impossible to give the order in which the first houses were built; but, as near as we can learn, Ebenezor Zane built a cabin where John McCormick lives, as early as 1805. Josejjh Dickinson lived in a cabin where Oren Out- land lives, as early as the fall of 1811. Lanson Curtis built, near where Dr. Coram lives, pre- vious to 1820. Alexander Long, on the S. B. Smith property, probably two years earlier. Joseph L. Tenery bought lot No. 13 soon after the village was laid out, and built a log- house on it opposite the rear of Browu's store; and near the same time Horton Brown bought lot No. 15, and built the house occupied by J. G. Hamilton. He afterwards bought lot No. 14, and traded or sold the two to Long, o-ettinnilt the brick house occupied by S. G. Baldwin, propably in 1828. Jonathan Thomas Iniilt the one-story part of Mrs. S. J. Folsoni's house in 1829. In 1830, John A. Robinson built on lot No. 20, William Easton on lot No. 8, and Daniel Antrim built on the north side of Ijocust street, opposite to Dr. Out- land's kitchen. Daniel Cowgill built about the same time on the corner of Samlusky street and the East Liberty road, and David J. Hyatt, shortly after, where J. G. Marquis lives. Between 1832 and 1838, Lanson Curtis built the Dr. Coram house; Benjamin Smith, the house occupied by Oren Outland on lot No. 1; Dr. J. W. Marmon and his brother Robert built the brick house southeast corner of Sandusky and Columbus streets; L. P. Burton, the brick on the opposite side owned by J. M. Reams; and Robert Marmon bought and finished up the frame commenced some years previous on lot No. IS, and built the brick on the north half of lot No. 16, now owned by Mrs. Marquis. Lanson Curtis also built the Methodist Episcopal Church now owned by the Zanesficld Baptist Church. Tlio first erected in McColloch's Addition was on lot No. 13, by Absalom Brown, the sec- ond by D. B. Holland, on lot No. 24. The first erected on Tenery's Addition on lot No. 4, bv M. M. Dickinson. Joshua Scott built on No. 7, Jedediah Cleveland on No. 9 and Ed- ward Bishoj) on 14. Zanesfield has never cn- cTa2('y Dr. J. n. Sc ChevcrclL That portion of Logan County, now known as Eichland Township, lies in the extreme north of the county, adjoining Hardin Countj% by which it is bounded on the north; McAr- thur Township lies south. Rush Creek, east; and Washington and Stokes, on the west. The surface features are those of a nearly level plain, the only exception being along the water courses, and even there, the monot- ony is broken only in a slight degree. The territory is traversed by the north and middle branches of the ^liami River, while the west and southwest portion, to the extent of sev- eral thousand acres, is submerged by the stagnant waters of the Lewistown Reservoir. The north branch flows across the northwest corner of the township, discliarging its waters , into the extreme northern portion of the res- ervoir. The middle branch passes westward across the entire southern portion of the town- ship, reaching the reservoir on lands of Jacob Fry. In the eastern portion of the township, the soil is clay, slightly mixed with gravel, and producing little else but wheat, wliile the al- luvial soil of the western portion, may be util- ized in the production of all cereals. The maiti products of the township are wheat, corn and grass, and the average is well up in the sisterhood of townships, composing Logan County. In a state of nature, the eastern part of Richland was covered with a heavy growth of trees, composed mainly of dilTerent varie- ties of the oak, while farther west, maple, hickory, walnut, and other common varieties, were found to predominate. Iti this portion were several small tracts, embracing an area of a few acres each, called prairies. Upon these _9 ^^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 433 the only vegetation was a rank growth of wild grass, interspersed with stunted shrubs, and about these localities was found the deadly rattlesnake in great profusion. For many years after the beginning of the settlement in Richland, malarial diseases prevailed univer- sally, and doctors multiplied accordingly. The lands, at present, embra'^ed within the limits of Kiohland, were attached to McAr- thur Township until the year 1845. At the December session of the Board of County Commissioners of this year, it was ordered that the lands lying north of the south line of the Solomon's Town survey, in the Town- ship of McArthur, be, and the same are, hereby erected into a separate township, to be known as Richland, and that an elec- tion to perfect this organization, be held at the sciioolhouse in the village of Rich- land, on the 20th day of December, ISio. The records of this election are still pre- served in the office of the Clerk of the town- ship, and they are the first found in the coun- ty. FoUowiiig is a copy: " Richland, Logan Co., Ohio. Agreeably to the order of the County Commissioners, the legal voters of the newly constituted Township of Richland met at the schoolhouse in Richland village on De- cember 20, 1845, and organized by the selec- tion of Eben Bain, Alvin Clark and S. Mead, Judges, and L. B. Wysons and Allen Dunn, Clerks of said election." The persons who were elected to fill the different official sta- tions were: James Thompson, Alvin Clark and Samuel A. Morton, Trustees; A. S. Chap- man, Clerk; Thomas Scott, Treasurer; James S. Sims, Assessor; Robert Lowry, Constable, and five Supervisors of roads and highways. William Lease was the first Justice of the Peace elected in the township, and it is said he served twenty-one years in that capacity. The officers for 1880 are: A. C. McClure, W. D. Spencer and S. M. Hover, Trustees; E. E. Nafus, Clerk; T. N. Harrod, Treasurer; D. N. Cutting, Assessor; George Earick and William Bickham, Constables; H. M. Cline and John Bickham, Justices of the Peace, and seven Supervisors. The lands in Rich- land Township were surveyed by the Govern- ment into tracts embracing 1,000 acres each, and in those early times, when it only required a small amount of money to pay for a large tract of land, many of these 1,000-acre farms were sold entire to one individual, who in turn sold in smaller lots to the settlers. Among these extensive land proprietors were Duncan McArthur, James Taylor and Walter Dunn. During the summer of the year 1810, James Hill and family, consisting of a wife and six children, and Samuel Tidd, a brother- in-law, with his wife, left the shore of Lake Erie, in Ashtabula County, for that far away "land of promise," Zanestown (now Zanes- field), of the superior advantages of which the most wonderful stories were told. The mode of transit, a team of horses; the route along blazed lines, through dense woods, in many places almost impassable. At last, after many wearisome days of travel, they reached the end of their journej-. They remained at Zanesfield seven j'ears, removing to the southwest portion of what is now Richland Township during the early summer of 1817. Mr. Hill erected his cabin upon the farm now owned by James Sims. Samuel Tidd settled just south, in what is now McArthur Town- ship. None of either family are now living n the vicinity except Mrs. Nancy Colvin, a daughter of Mr. Hill, who now lives in Hardin County, and to whom the writer is in- debted for many facts of early history. Soon after Mr. Hill's arrival Thomas Rutledge and Thomas Burton, who each had a numerous famil}', located in the immediate vicinity. These three families are the pioneer settlers in Richland Township. William Lease set- tled near in 1823, and spent the remaining ^' >y ^! 434 HISTORY OF LOG AN. COUNTY. j'ears of his life upon the farm he first im- proved. Lorenzo Dowling first occupied the farm now owned b^' William Scott. William Thompson lived on the present William Wal- lace farm. Martin Hili made the first im- provements on the James MeClure farm. Joseph Wilmuth settled, on the lands forming the site of the present hamlet of Northwood prior to 1830. Henry Hendricks, agent for James Taylor, occupied the farm now owned b^- William Reed. John L.' Hemi)liill was proprietor of the lands upon which Rich- land village was laid out. James Boyer be- came! the owner of the 1,000-acre tract embracinsr the Indian viilstse of Solomon's Town. Jacob Powers lived on the S. P. Joiinston farm. Lewis Wysons was the orig- inal occupant of the farm now owned by Dr. T. L. "NA'right. James Gray also lived near Richlan(i, and was among the early settlors. James Ilarrod lived on the John Key's farm until 1852, when he removed to Hardin County, where he still resides. Rev. Thomas Clarke, William Holt, Samuel .Jenkins, Lemuel Liles and William Brooks came at the same time, and settled between Belle Centre and Northwood. Jacob Sessler occupied a farm on the Miami River; Robert Scott located immediately west of Belle Cen- tre; William Wallace was also one ^of the settlers of this period. Daniel Colvin was proprietor of a portion of the lands now em- braced in the village of Belle Centre; Robert Mitchell lived on the farm . now owned by .Milton L. Anderson. Alexander King, a native of Pennsylvania, located pc^rmaiiently in Richland, in 1820; he still occu])ies the old homestead. William Johnston became a r.isident f>f the township about the same time. Robert Scott lived near Northwood. J. S. Johnston came to Richland in the summer of 1833, and has been prominently connected with the mercantile and educational interests of the township the greater portion of the time since. Robert Boyd is among the later arrivals; he owned the Isaac Patterson prop- erty. Gersham Anderson located near North- wood in March, 1837; a son, Milton L., and a daughter, Susan, who came with the parents, now reside near Belle Centre. The father died in 18-13, after which Milton engaged in school teaching for several years, in Logan and Ross counties. Cornelius Jameson set- tled in the township in the fall of 1837; he now lives in the village of Belle Centre^. The setttlement of this township differs from many others in this part of the State in this, that the first settlers were largely from the Eastern States. Their characteristic enterprise is plainly manifest in the improvements and general thrift seen in every part of the town- ship. During the early years of the settlement the inhabitants were compelled to make ex- tensive journeys to get their grain ground. To go tveenty or thirty miles through un- broken forests, was no small undertaking, and as each grist was ground in the order pf its reception at the mill, the trip to and from the mill often consumed days of valuable time. Frequently the " stump mortar " would be brought into use. A cavity burnt into the top of a stump, and a spring pole to the end of which the pestle was attached, formed the mechanism of this primitive "flouring estab- lishment," and ho who produced the motive power for this rude appliance slowly obeyed the scripture injunction: "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat thy bread;" others pre- pared the corn by cutting it from the cob with a plane. "Hulled corn"' made by soak- ing the grain in a weak solution of lye, to re- move the hull, and afterward boiling it, was a Comm6n article of food calm with butter and ma]-)le sugar, it was amongst the luxuries of life. The writer remembers one night, so many years ago that he does not care to be e.\act as to date, being obliged to seek lodging ■Ojij- ,V HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 435 in a little moss-cov^ered log cabin on the the banks of the La Belle JRivere., after a weary jaunt amongst the hills of Washington County, a huge dish of "hulled corn" garnished the evening board, and whether it was this or the keen appetite, it is difficult to state; yet, the recollection of that supper still lingers like a delightful dream about niemor3''s jiath- way. The pioneer grist-mill in Richland Township was built by Joseph Wilrauth about 1830. It was a small affair, built of logs, and stood on the banks of the Miami River, near Northwood. After a few years, Gcrshani Anderson purchased this proportj', and soon replaced the old log building with a substantial frame one. This was furnished with two run of stone, and was well adapted to liie wants of the com- munity. The building is still standing, though its wheel is silent and all going to decay. At this time a large steam grist- mill at Belle Centre, and a portable saw-mill adjacent, furnish ample facilities for the ac- commodation of the inhabitants. Early in the settlement Samuel Mitchell put in operation a tannery, about one mile west of Belle Centre, on the farm now owned by William Scott. This was in active " blast " for several years; now closed. The first thoroughfare in Richland Township was made along " Hull's Trace," running from Cherokee to Richland vdlage, and thence northwestwardly. A level, graveled turnpike now passes over nearly the same route, forming one of the manj' travers- ing different parts of the township. The Cin- cinnati, Sandusky & Cleveland Railroad passes through the township. In July, 1832, John Hemphill, then an exten- sive landowner, conceived the idea of a vil- lage on the line then traversed by the gay "turnouts" of the Springfield and Sandusky Stage Company, and accordingly the services of James W. Marmon, County Surveyor, were called into requisition, and in due time the plat of the town of Richland appeared. Lots were offered for sale, and soon a numlier of log buildings were erected. From the largest of these was a sign bearing the device: " E. Bane — At Home." This was the pioneer house of entertainment. A man named Wil- liams put a stock of goods into another,and thus the mercantile interest was established. Al- bert Chapman was ajipointed Postmaster, and Richland postoffice came into existence, and now the success of the enibrvo villaare was apparently assured. In time a church organ- ization was effected, and a small frame meet- ing-house erected. Next, a schoolhouse arose amid the stumps, where late towered the giant forest trees. The settlers increased; frame dwellings began to appear, and Rich- land was on the high tide to a great future Messrs. Johnston & Mitchell had opened an extensive stock of general merchandise. The project of building the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad now began to be agitated, and at last the survey was completed and the route established. It was thought Richland did not manifest sufficient interest in the en- terprise, and finally inducements were offered for the location of a village, some two miles to the northward. J. S. Johnston became the champion of the new village, and worked lieartily for its establishment. The main issue seemed to be, which should secure the loca- tion of the water tank, this being considered a valuable matter in those early days of rail- roads. The battle waxed warm, and anvils were fired, long and loud, whenever either side gained a point. At last Belle Centre (as the new village was called) secured the coveted prize, and the glory of Richland village, of late so full of promise, departed forever. The postoffice wao removed to Belle Centre; the hotel closed, and the church went to decay. It is now a "flag station," and only a small iiumber of scattering buildings mark the site of this once flourishing hamlet, while Belle , J. L. Hemphill, Mary J. .Martin, Maria Laughlin, William Yates, Margaretta Yates, Jose])h Palton, Marga- ret E. Patton, C. C. Scott, Sarah Deer, Andrew Yates, Francis Mains and Sarah Pliilbrick. Of these only four are still mem- bers of this church (1880): Mrs. Mary Clark, Eleanor Lamliert, Jane Scott and Francis Mains. Rev. J. A. Meeks was the first Pastor, who remained until 185.5. William Young succeeded him for three years. Amns Bar- thi>lomt>w assumed charge early in 1859, and reiiiaiiii'd almost continuously luitil near the close of the year 1807. H. M. Shockley was Pastor from about 1870 until the close of the year 1876. Rov. A. J. Clark, the present Pastor, began his labors here August 1, 1877. This society has always been united with the Huntsville church in one pastorate, and the ministers formerly resided there. Rev. Shock- ley was the first to reside at Belle Centre, and the present Pastor resides there. Having no house of worship, the society met for a time in the old Methodist Cliurch, and also in the schoolhouse. Under the leadership of Elder Clark it was resolved to build. This was ac- complished principally by volunteer work, Mrs. Capt. Mains boarding the workmen with- out charge, and all giving liberally. The church is of wood, and was first occu- j)icd in 185-1 or '55. The society has no manse or parsonage, though one is greatly needed. Following are the names of those who have served as Ruling Elders: Alvin Clark, James Dunlap, Janlcs Ritclipy, .loseph Clyde, William McClain, William F. Lowrey and James S. Sherral. The present session of Elders consists of: Archibald Jameson, Josiah R. Laughlin, Soth Taylor, Samuel Harbert and William R. Ritciiey. Of this number, Alvin Clark served from the organi- zation, until his death, in August, 187S. The list of Deacons, is as follows; William ilc- Clain, John A. Hemphill, John L. Clark, Josiah R. Laughlin, R. B. Simpson, William Hoon, William Hcm]ihill, S. H. Bergort and C. Zahlcr. A Sabbath School has been held in connection with the church, prob- ably from the beginning. The membership of the church is now 105. In common with the 5,500 churches of the United States,this society holds to the system of doctrine, commonly called Calvanistic, as contained in the West- minster Confession, and to the Presbyterian or representative form of church government." The writer is indebted to Dr. M. D. Will- son for the data embodied in the following sketch of the Reformed Presbyterian Church at Belle Centre. For many years the mem- bers of the Miami congregation, who dwelt 'H ^1 -^tv^ HISTORY OF LOCtAX COUNTY. 439 in and about Belle Centre, desired the parent church at Northwood to furnish them with preaching at least a portion of the time. This request was granted, and for a time occasion- al service was held. Prior to the union of the United iliami congregation the matter was earnestly canvassed in relation to the forma- tion of a separate organization at Belle Cen- tre, and as early as 1ST7 a petition witli tliat end in view was presented to the Presbytery. This was reported upon favorably,, and Rev. H. George, J. L. McCartney and James Wylie, Ruling Elder, were appointed to ef- fect an organization. This was consummated during the summer of 1877. Cornelius Jame- son, William .MeClurc and Dr. M. D. Willson were elected Elders, and Alexander C.' Lig- gitt, Robert M. Wylie and Ebenezer Hosack, Deacons. Tlie original meml)prship num- bered thirty-eight. A subscription was im- mediately circulated, and tiie requisite funds pledged for the building of a house of wor- ship. The Deacons with .J. B. Torrence and Dr. Willson were appointed a building com- mittee, and the work pushed forward so vig- orously that the building was enclosed before winter. It was not completed, however, until the fall of 1879. The building is of brick, with tower, stained-glass windows, and mod- ern furniture. The entire cost was $.3,500. During the interval prior to the occupancy of the church, the congregation met in the house of the Presbj-terian Society. Rev. .1. Lynd was the first settled Pastor. The meudaership at this time (1880) is seventy-two. A Sab- bath School was formed early in 1877, and has now an average attendance of fifty chil- dren; Alexander McConnell, Superintendent. A history of the Northwood churches will be found in connection with McArthur Township history. The first school in Richland was taught in the Hill settlement, but of this the writer has been unable to learn anything except that the date was prior to 1825. The only school of which anything authentic can be found, was taught by Milton L. Anderson in a little log- house standing on the south bank of the Miami River, on land now owned by William Pollock, during the sunmier of 1839. Mr. Anderson says: " The rod was plentifully used, and in the majority of cases was merited." That primitive method of instill- ing the rudimcMits into the minds of the youth has happily been abandoned. Yet, whether that or the present "stuffing" pro- cess was the most commendable is a question for the parents of the present thin-chested, hollow-eyed students to determine. The present status of the school interest in the township is as follows: Whole number of pupils cnrolleil 312 " iuiiimnt paicl tcaclicri' .51,l:i2 " iiiiiiilier sclioolliouses Value, with furnilure and grounds §2,500 The writer has been unable to gain any au- thentic data of the Belle Centre special school district except that given in the report of the Board of Education which is as fol- lows: Whole number of pupils cnrolloil 242 " amount paid teachci-s Sl,.'i36.80 One school buildinfr, with rooms 4 Value with furnilui-e and grounds 82,500 Near the southern boundary of the Town- ship, on lands now owned by A. C. McClure, Esq., is the site of the ancient Indian village of Solomon's Town, which, tradition states, was, prior to the dawning of the present cen- tury, a populous community of the Wyandots. The name was given to it in honor of a ven- erable chief of the nation who resided at this point. History records the fact that, in about 1800, Tarhe, or the Crane, chief of the Wyan- dots, had an abiding place here. The resi- dence of Mr. McClure is situated near the center of the former village, immediatelv across the pike, which, by the w'av, is con- structed on " Hull's Trace," is an extensive 'y 440 HISTORY OF LOGAN COIJXTY. aravel ridge of a nearly uniform height, ex- tejiding in a northwesterly direction. Not far from the southeastern extremity of this ele- vation is a circular mound of about 100 feet in diameter, a perfect oval, surrounded by a ditch, the bottom of which is at least six feet lower than the summit of the mound. Per- haps sixty feet to the northward, along the apex of the ridge, may still be seen the stump of a monster white oak tree. Far up in the limbs of this monarch of the forest was built a rude lookout, or sentry-box, from which a watch was kept of the surrounding country, commanding an area of many miles in every direction, Still farther to the northward the laud is level for some distance, and along this the unfortunate prisoners were compelled to run the gauntlet. The statement that Simon Kenton once suffered this indignity here is doubtless an error. To the south of the mound at the distance of some twenty-five rods, stands the blackened and tottering remains of the large elm tree under which, local tradi- tion puts it, Simon Kenton was a second time placed in captivity. Antiim's history of Logan County states, after the life of Kenton had been saved by that notorious renegade, Simon Girty, in whose whole life this one act is the only white spot, he was clothed, furnished a horse and equipments, and in company with his bene- factor, roamed about the country. After some time spent in this manner, a war party of In- dians returned from an expedition to Wheel- ing, where they bad suffered defeat and the loss of several warriors, killed and wounded, and full of revenge, "detiTmined to kill any of the whites who came within their grasp." Kenton was the oidy white man near, and being at Solomon's Town, with Girty, a mes- senger was sent to him (Girty), requesting his immediate attendance at a grand council to be held at Wapatoinica, and that ho bring Kenton with him. " The two friends met the messenger on their way," hence it is hardly probable they were sitting beneath the wide- spreading branches of the elm before men- tioned, within the circular enclosure, the red men held their council. Here was discussed the great questions of peace or war. Here was the hapless victim doomed to a fate worse than death, and here occurred the traditional pow-wows and dances of the Aborigines. A few rods east of Mr. McClure's residence is the immense spring spoken of in connection with Solomon's Town. In this vicinity for many years was held the aimual muster of the militia, events upon which the few sur- viving ex-militia delight to dwell, recounting with much evident satisfaction the many bloodless battles fought on these occasions. Some five years since, when the Miami turn- pike was being constructed, the workmen engaged in hauling gravel from the northern extiemitj"- of the gravel ridge, unearthed a great number of human bones, which from their size indicated that the original owners were people of immense stature. Numbers of copper beads were also found, and one fine specimen of a stone pipe. Two events in the later history of this township would seem to warrant more than a passing notice at our hand. The first is the never to bo forgotton cyclone in the early sum- mer of 18?3; the second, the still more terrible murder of Allie Laughlin, occuringtwo years later. Jlay 0, 1ST3, ought surely to go on the record as the " Black Friday " of Belle Centre. Between 3 and 4 o'clock on the afternoon of the date given, tlu^ dense black clouds which obscured the heavens like a pall, were rifted, and instantaneously the storm king began his terrible work of destruction. The first evi- dence of the storm was upon the farm of Mrs. Alexander Thompson where a valuable orchard was entirely destroj-ed. Continuing eastward it wrought devastation at William Wallaces', in buildings and orcharding. ^Mu^^-^a^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 443 Next it struck the village of Belle Centre, and for a few brief moments it appeared as if the end of the world had come; the awful dark- ness; the crash of the falling buildings, mingled with the shrieks of the frightened populace, made up a scene that might well appall the stoutest heart. The first damage to the village was the entire demolition of John Reag-en's iirick house, without injury to the wife and infant daughter. .lames Shafer's house was carried across the lot with but slight injury to the inmates. The Methodist Episcopal Church just completed was un- roofed, and the tower blown down; the Pres- byterian Church slightly damaged; Howell's hotel entirely demolished; Nal'us' carriage manufactory and dwelling, and Bergert's wagon shop were unroofed and otherwise in- jured. The school l)uilding was rendered entirely worthless. The teachers, observing the ap])roach of the storm, dismissed the children and thus prevented, what must other- wise have been a serious loss of life. Those were the main buildings damaged, and strange enough, no lives were lost. The following yi'ar a second storm visited the village, dam- aging the Methodist Episcopal Church to the amount of -SiOO and slightly injuring other property in the vicinity. The data from which the following sketch is written is furnished by E. E. Nafus, Esq. Perhaps the most terrible crime which has blackened the fair pages of Logan County's history occurred within the borders of Rich- land Township. Yet, while we think with horror of the fiendish brutality of the worse than sav?ige murderer, it is consoling to know that justice, sure and certain, quickly fol- lowed. The circumstances are briefly as fol- lows: James Schell, a Canadian, had resided with his family for some years on the farm of Laughlin, near Belle Centre. Having contracted an intense hatred for his employer, he lost no ojjportunity to do him injury. Mr. L. had two houses burned under circum- stances that pointed to Schell as the cause, but nothing was done about it. Mr. L., be- ing strictly upright, believed others the same. On ^Vednesday, September 22, 1875, Schell induced Miss Alice Laughlin, daughter of his employer, to accompany himself and wife to the reservoir to gather wild plums. Return- ing late in the day, he stated that " Allie was lost." The news spread like wild-fire, and soon the country for miles around was aroused. A strict search was instituted, which resulted in finding, on the day following, the dead and brutally mangled body of the girl. Schell was arrested, and so intense was the feeling againsfchiin that it was with ditliculty the excited citizens were prevented from hanging him on the spot. Better counsel pre- vailed, however, and he was taken to Belle- fontaine and loJged in jail. The day follow- ing, at the in(piest, Mrs. Schell testified that her husband had killed the girl for revenge on her father; that he had burned the build-, ings before mentioned, etc. A few words will tell the sequel: At about twelve o'clock Friday night a crowd of at least 1,500 people surrounded the jail. The doors were bat- tered dowMi, Schell takcm to a tree in the court house yard, a ropc' placed about his neck and over a convenient limb, and after a few minutes' time being given the wretch for re- marks, he was swung into eternity. During the war of the Rebellion the Town- ship of Richland came nobly to the front. Her sons went bravely forth to battle for the right, and many never returned, while others bear sad proofs of the bloody conflict in their empty sleeves and crutches which support their maimed bodies. The voices of freemen sleeping lowly on Southern fields, and in the prison pens, bring to mind the time when " The valiant lines of the blue and the graj' Stood ranked in proud and stern array, All eager, all ready for deadly affray." 444 HISTORY OF LOGAN COrXTY. CHAPTER XIII.* RUSH CRKEK TOWNSHIP— BOUNDARIES AND TOPOGRAPHY— THE COMING OF THE CHURCHES— PIONEER PREACHERS— SCHOOLS, ETC. WHITES- ON the boundary line between Rush Creek and Jefferson Townships, and near the east end is Rush Creek Lake, in the waters of which the Indians,' not half a century ago, " dipped their noble limbs," and on " whose bosom they paddled their light canoes." It now covers a surfane of about ninety acres. A marshy region extends northward about three miles, and also southeast about the same distance. This marsh is now mostly cultivat- ed, and the fact of its being now much firmer than it was forty years ago, conveys the im- pression that the lake is not much more than the onc-lmndredth part as large as the one on which sported the Aborigines, or the onewhich was first viewed by the early pioneers. The margin of this lake in places is so miry that one attempting to wade into it would sink almost as quickly as in water. There is a tradition that two Indians, pursuing a deer into the lake, instantly sank into this mire, and ilisappeared like Walter Scott's hero in the Bride of Lammormoor. The lake abounds in fine fish and has been the resort for sjjorts- mcn since the township began to be settled. Here forty years ago assembled the girls and muddy and scattered into miasmatic swamps. In Rush Creek Township the banks of this stream are for the most part high and the scenery romantic and pictures(|ue. The source of Mill Creek is about three miles southeast of of Rushsylvania, and flowing onward in the same direction through Perry Township, it turns eastward and meanders through Union county into Delaware, and finally loses itself in the waters of the Scioto River. The two branches of the Little Miami have their source in the western part of this township and flow in the same direction. The sources are about five miles apart and the streams meet each other in Richland Township. The above mentioned streams with their tributaries con- stitute the drainage of the township. The water-shed between the Scioto and the Miami runs north and south the full length of the township. In some places this shed is very narrow, the op])osite sides of some marshes sending tributaries to Rush Creek and the Miami. The soil is well diversified. The high points arc hard and often called "clay knobs," and in some ))lacos these are almost barren. On the lowlands and in the boys, and surrounded by scenery grand as creek bottoms the soil is very productive, and ever charmed the pencil of an artist, told in I is black and sandy. There are, however, few whispers their honest talcs of love. places in the township where the soil is of Rush Creek rises in .IcfTcrson Township, any great depth; a descent of three feet gen- runs through Rush Creek Lake, flows north- erally, but sometimes one and two, finds a ward, tlien nortiieast, through Hnkes Creek hard strata of clay almost impervious to Township, and into Marion county, where it water. There are immense formations of finds the Scioto River. Here and there it is a limestone here and there throughout the clear stream, washing a sandy bottom, rippling townsliip, strata piled on strata as the leaves over bowlders, and then again its waters are of a book, each strata telling its own story in • Conlribuicd by J. H. Wyiic. , the stony characters of the petrified forms of k HISTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY. 445 animal and vegetable life, as if chiseled in the rock by the Almighty Architect. There are several extensive quarries in the township, one of the principal ones being on the farm of William Stevenson, about a mile and a half east of Rushsylvania. There are also numerous beds of gravel. One of the most extensive of these is on the Pugh farm. This farm, of about 238 acres, has a deposit of gravel underlying at least three-fourths of it. It also possesses many other peculiar charac- teristics, wiiich are ably described in a paper contributed by Mr. John Waters, of Dela- ware County: " On this farm are some of the most singular evidences of a past age. On the west part a very rich alluvial bottom of unexcelled fertility occurs. Underneath this alluvial Imttom, immense beds of gravel, shells, and a white deposit which resembles lime, are found. Gravel is shown to exist everywhere by uprooted trees. A ditch, which was made from Rush Creek Lake to straighten Rush Creek, shows this deposit to be about three feet and a half thick on an average. It is made on the top of vegeta- tion, which can be distinctly observed by leaves, seeds, etc., to the thickness of an inch. When this deposit ceases, a rich black soil commences. In this ground are cracks which are najrow at the top and widen downvrard. The ditch is about seven feet deep, and at its head lor about one mile it continually heaves or falls from the bottom. On the Moosehead farm, where the Pugh family reside, the head of a moose was taken whilst excavating the ditch. A slim bone of the animal, about fif- teen inches in length, to which the head be- longs, was also taken from the ditch. A tooth six inches long, four inches square, and weigh- ing three and a half pounds, was found in the same localit3'. Evidences of beavers were found in sticks of timber which bore the im- press of their teeth, and also the skeleton of one of these animals. Two theories seem apparent: One that the bottom and sloping bank are the basin of a lake in whose waters the shells abounded which now so plentifully exist, or else the deposit was the result of some upheaval or convulsion which occurred at a remote period and submerged the moose, mastodon and other animals whose remains are found imbedded. A stick of timber about two feet long, and still showing the gnawing beaver, is now in possession of the family. Many others were taken out, but this is the only one preserved. There is a pecu- liar feature about the shells, especially those of the snail, which present the same appear- ance on both sides. There is also a sulphur spring on this farm." One of the curiosities of this township is its flowing wells, which are obtained at a depth of from forty-five to sixty feet. A magnificent well of this description is found on the farm of Michael George. The stream flowing from it waters the country for three or four miles below it. There are two on the farm of Job T. Pugh, one of which is sulpjjur, and tlie other with strong mngnetlc projwrties of such power that a knife blade, thrust into its waters, will attract and lift needles, pins, and other metallic substances. Its column of water is strong, and is one of the curiosities of the township. Numerous mineral springs abound along Rush Creek, the most import- ant of which are in the vicinity ^f Rushsyl- vania, on the farm of Dr. I. A. Doran. This locality is a famous place for picnics and pleasure rambles, where lovers stroll to quench their thirst and renew or plight their vows. A great many varieties of timber exist here, among which are the oak, the ash, walnut, elm, lynn, beech and sugar-maple. There are three varieties of the oak. The white oak is the largest species of timber found in the town- ship. It grows to a thickness of from three to four feet in diameter, and is tough and -ispV 440 HISTORY OF LOGAX COfXTY. durable. Next in size to the white oak is the ash, which grows to the thickness of from two to three feet in diameter. The best wabuit timlfer has been abeady hunted out to satisfy the demands of trach-. There are ebns which even Xew P'ng'hind might be proud of, and more beech timii any other variety found in the township. The sugar-maple is very abundant in some localities, and large quan- tities of sugar are produced. The land is rather rolling, especially near IJushsylvania, where it is very hilly and some- what cut into deep ravines. The country around Rush Creek Lake, and in the western part of the township, is more level, l)ut there are very few portions of anj- great extent that can be called almost in the center of the township; Big Springs in the northeast corner, and Harper about three miles south- west of Rushsylvania, all on llw Clevelaiul, ('olunibus, Cinciiniati & Indianapolis Railway, which passes through the townshij) from north- east to southwest. Walnut (irove is also a small village in the southeast corner of the townshij). In the northwest corner is ii school- house on the site where, in early "lays, stood a small village named North Alexandria. It was laid out in the j-ear 1832 by Win. White, after whom it has sometimes been called White Town.* It consisted of several log cabins, and was iu)ted more for the roughness of its citizens than for any nuignificence it displayed. A man by the name of John Fry kept a small grocery there. This estiib- lishment, though a small concern, was large *I'r. His stock consisted of. corn meal, whisky, wooden combs, powder and lead, gun flints, Ijuttons and other notions. It was the usual place of resort for jiersons who met to arrange for squirrel hunts, to shoot at targets, drink whiskey and tell hunting stories. But Xorth Alexandria is no more, and few remember even the name. The first settler in this township was Thomas Stanfield, who with his wife and ten children, nine daughters and one son (Thomas Stanfield, Jr)., immigrated fnjiu Tennessee in 1805, and settl'd on the farms now owned by John Q. Williams and William Hall. Soon after, William Reams came from North Caro- lina, and settled near !Marmon's bottom; this Reams also had ten children, nine sons, and one daughter; the latter was married to Thomas Stanfield, Jr., May 30, 1814. Thomas Stanfield, Sr., was a Quaker, and, like William Penn, gained the friendship of the Indians to such an extent that he was unmo- lested, with one exception, during the war of 1812. They were often welcomed to his cab- in, received his hospitality, and manifested marked friendship for him and his family. At one time, however, they became enraged at Stanfield, and set a certain night to massa- cre him and his whole family. Concealing themselves in the bushes that grew around the eal)in, they la}- there awaiting the gloom of night to accomplish their fiendish plot. Dani(d McCoj", a settler who lived near Zanesfield, learned of their design, and deter- mined to rescue the familj'. Failing to se- cure the aid of troops, and taking a hearty drink of "good old rye," he mounted, at dusk, his gray horse, and galloped along through the forest in the direction of Stanfield's. Coming within a quarter of a mile of the log cabin whose inmates were unconscious of the danger so near them, he yelled, "Here they are; come on!" as if he gave the command to 50,000 armed troops. He then rode back and forth, all the time shouting " to come on." Galloping to the cabin, he told the Stanfields of the danger awaiting them, who, together with the brave McCoy, fled to Zanesfield. On their return, some time after- ward, th(\y found the hut had not been dis- turbed in their aljsence. Wlien peace was concluded, the Indians told them that McCoy, by his daring conduct, saved their lives. Thomas Stanfield's cabin was the first in Rush Creek Township, and stood near the site of William Hall's house. The bodies of this pioneer and that of his wife rest in Rush Creek Township's first graveyard. Here moss-covered ston(>s, reared by the hand of affection, mark their resting ])laces. In the family record is found the following, written by Thomas Stanfield, Jr.: "Thomas Stan- field, Sr., departed thi.s life the 5th month, the 11th day, 1824, aged 76 years, 5 months and 12 daj-s. Hannah Stanfield, his wife, de- parted this life the 9th month, the 28th day, 1830, age not certainly known, but something- rising 80 years." In 1811, a man 1)\- the name of Dalles pur- chased the farm now owned by Aaron Grabiel, clearing about forty acres. He then left and never returned. As early, perhaps, as 1814, Aaron Reams built the first cabin on the Sutherland farm, near the old Baptist church and graveyard, and where Thomas Sutherland settled in 1816. His wife, Phoebe, was a daughter of Thomas Stanfield, Sr., and was noted in those days for her industry and be- nevolence. Few or no other settlements were made prior to 1820, and even then emigra- tion to this section of the country appears to have been slow. The following list of settlers contains the names of all the writer has been able to ascertain: Abovit the year 1823 old man Richardson settled on the farm now own- ed bj- J. L. Foutts; John Wolf, on the farm k 448 HISTORY OF LOGAN COl'XTY. of Williiini Stephenson. On the' farm of Mr. O.'.ias settled old man Kodaker. After the township was legally orfrani/ed, John MoClure settled on the farm of Jacob Arbegast. Joel Thomas, Sr., settled on the Roberts farm in 1S^4, John Wilson on the Jasiiisky farm, and the Pugh farm by John Prater the same year. The farm of Johnson Ansley by William Smith in 1825. The farm of Martin ilcAdams by Conrad Collins in 182G. The farm of Peter Kantzman by Nelson Tyler in 1828. The farm of Martha Bronson by Benjamin Green in 1823. The farm of Clark Williams by Samuel Ruth in 1825. The northwestern section of Rush Creek Township was settled as follows: In 1823 the farm of William Stewart by Calhoun. In 1827 the Crawford farm was occupied by Young. The Ho|)kins farm bj' Hazard Ilojikins in 1828. In tlic same year the Clark farm by William llolt; the Anderson farm by John B.Anderson; the farm of W. K. Newman liy Silas Thrailkill in 182U. Jonas Fry took the farm west of Joel Thomas in 1829. The farm of John Kerns by Jacob Kerns. Among the first Trustees of Rush Creek Township are Nicholas Beal, James Roberts and John Hull. John Wolfe was the first Clerk. George Rodaker was the- first Justice of the Peace, and Benjamin Corsin the first Constable. A circumstance occurred once in connection with the olFice of 'Squire Rodaker worthy of note. About the year 1833 the Township Trustees sued a man living on Tay- lor Creek, on account of some stray animals they had taken up. Anthony Casad was en- gaged as counsel for the defendant. After the evidence, pro and con, had been heard, Casad arose to make his pica. The 'Sipiire told him he woulil aHow no "speechifyino- " in the case, remarking, "We have no lawyer on our side, and you shall make no speech on your side." Casad, however, pcrsi.sted, and after many interruptions from the 'Squire, succedcd in making the points intended, remarking that ho had now "said all that he desired," when the 'Squire replied, "Yes, and I decide against you." In the eiirly history of the county the peo- ple lived almost exclusively by trading. A man would load his wagon with wheat, start for Sandusky, get perhaps a barrel of salt, a roll of leather, and such necessary articles, reserving enough money to pay his taxes. If he got 50 cents a bushel for his wheat he thought he was doing well. After the San- dusky road was opened the old Conestoga wagons carried much of the produce to mar- ket. A story is told of one of those teamsters, by the name of Marquis. It appears that bees-wax was of great value at that time, and this Marquis, having procured a great (p;an- tity of the article, covered cakes of tallow with it. He was, however, discovered by one of the cakes thus covered being broken, and fined heavily for attempted fraud. The name " Bees- wax Marquis " ever after clung to him. The wages for work hands ranged from 50 to 00 cents a day. The pioneers' boys would work for 37i to 50 cents, or from ^8 to ^10 a month. Scenes of mirth and pleasure were generally preceded b}' those of labor. The chopping, the log-roiling, the corn-husking and quilting were always before the dance or play. Among the first marriages were Joseph Stephenson to Delilah Fry, and John Fry to Nancy White, by 'Squire McAnis. " Big Lewis," a noted chief, was buried in 1810. He was the father of Little Lewis, who was chief of the Shawnee Indians. When these Indians left the Logan County reservation, the tribe numbered about 1,1U0, and had 700 ponies. .lacob Goods, Daniel Hall and an- other Ijlacksmith by tin; name of Joseph Ells- worth shod their ponies, the ponies being thrown upon their backs and tied with ropes. Hush Creek was in the course of the tornado ii HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 449 which swept through Logan County in 1825, from southwest to northeast, in a direct line for many miles. Its track was about half a mile wide. The following is a description of it, given by Joel Thomas, Sr.: "This terrific storm occurred about 9 o'clock in the morn- ing. At sunrise, distant thunder was heard. Soon after, a greenish-colored cloud com- menced coming up from the southwest, rising higher and higher, until the roar of the ap- proaching storm could be distinctly heard. It soon came in terrible majesty and force, and passed furiously on, tearing down trees of all dimensions in its pathway, those in the centre falling backward and those on the skirts falling forward. Its general average was about half a mile in width. It entered the township at the northeast corner, passed over the south end of Rush Creek, and on toward where Walnut Grove now stands, and thence into Bokes Creek Township. A door was carried from a house which was demol- ished by the storm, and picked up on the farm of Clark Williams, and afterwards used by him. The cattle of Joel Thomas, Sr., were completely surrounded by the fallen timber, but, strange to say, not one was in- jured. Enoch Lundy's cabin was in the cen- tre of this path of destruction, and a tree fell on the corner of his cabin, having fallen con- trary to the direction of the storm. It was three days before he could extricate himself, and had carried his household goods on his back from this remarkable scene of danger. Himself, wife and four children were in the cabin at this time, not one of whom were in- jured. It is claimed that mud from the bot- tom of Rush Creek Lake was dashed against trees for a quarter of a mile away from the lake. A considerable amount of timber has sprung up in the track of this great storm since its occurrence. In the early history of the settlements, near " White Town," in the northern part of Rush Creek Townshi]i, and also on Taylor Creek in Hardin County, an epidemic known as the " milk sickness " begun its ravages about the year 1827-28. This disease was fatal to ))oth man and beast. It was claimed by some that it was in a weed which grew in " deadnings," and as the country became better cultivated it disappeared. By others it was claimed to be a mineral poison found in the water of certain springs, and stock or persons drinking this water became infected with the disease. There were two springs in the locality spoken of above, to which stock' having had a free access took the " trembles."' These springs were afterwards fenced in, and as long as they remained thus, there were no "trembles" in the neighborhood. It is told, on good authority, that the poison in the milk, at one time, in this section of the country, was so great that a silver five-cent piece left in a bucket of milk over night would be turned to a deep green. Near tlie residence of Wil- liam Roberts, John Dearwester laid out a graveyard, know-n as the " Miami Grave- yard," in the year 1832, and was himself the first person to be buried in the graveyard which he had laid out. John Basil, wife and one child were the next unfortunates. Melcher Crook, his wife and one child, George Crook and Anna Crook soon followed. John Frye and two children, Lorenzo Taylor, John Blair, the wife of George Irving, two of the Youngs, four of the White family, one of Joel Thomas' children, and many more, whose names can not now be recalled, died with this terrible disease. Some of those who were affected with it never wholly recovered. It should be noted that nearly all who took the disease at its first appearance in the placesmentioned became its victims. This may be accounted for on the ground, perhaps, that physicians did not then understand the proper treatment. About the year 1830 a man named Buck- minster kept a hotel on the Sandusky 'Y .t. 4o0 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Hoad near tlic jireseiit town of Big Springs. It stood on the farm of Ilcnry Rosebrougli, anil was jjartl^' liuilt of logs and was partly a frame. .John May also kept a hotel near where the Sandusky Road crosses the railroad, on the farm now owned by D. Anderson. It was a stage stand, a postoffice, and a general r' sort for travelers. May's successor was .lames Partial. A man named Bowers ke])t a hotel near " White Town," and there was also a tavern kejitonthe farm of Mr. Ozias, on the Sandusky Hoad. The fii-st saw-mill in Rush Creek Township was built on the farm now owned ,by Mr. Ozias, by Rodaker in 1830. In the year 1832 a water saw-mill was built by a man of the name of Sutton, about a mile east of the pike leading from B,-llefontaine to Rushsylvaiiia, and about the same time .Tohn B;isil built a saw-mill on the .Miami. About the year 1830, " Old Billy " liubart built the first grist-mill in the township adjacent to Hodaker's saw- mill. .John Basil also built a grist-mill near his saw-mill, and constructed his own burrs out of bowlders. WIkmi .James R. Arlams first laniled on the Miami, ho went to this mill, where Samuel White, .lohn Dear- wiister, and .John Basil were at work, and in- (piired of them if there were any girls in that section of the covmtry, and was answered by John Basil that there were "lots of them." doing to Basil's house, he there found his "old affianced " in the person of Mary Myers. She accompanied him to her home, and, ten days after, they were married. The first tannery was by .James Clagg, who first settleil on the .Miami. Ho solil his farm thc-rc to Enos Pickering and purchased the land where Rushsylvania now stands, laid out the town in 1.S34, and the same season opened and operated a tannery, the first in the township. The following incident occurnd in the northwest jiart of Rush Creek, ut the tavern of Mr. Howell, near the town of North Alex- andria: Two men pursued :i couple of run- away slaves into Hardin County, where they arrested them and brought them back. Ar- riving at Israel Howell's tavern, they stopped for the night. In the morning, one of the negroes seized a cane belonging to one of his captors, and struck him over the head, shivering the cane, a jiiecc of which struck a little girl of Mr. Howell's in the eye, destroy- ing the eyeball entirely. The negroes both broke and run, one of whom escaped. The little girl afterward became the wife of Peter Frye, an early settler of Rush Creek. At an early jieriod in the history of this country, there wasan Indiiiu trail leading from Lewistown via Brugler Spring-s to upper Sanduskv. The first stage road in the town- ship was the Bellefontaine and the Detroit road. As early as the j'ear 1830, there was a sort of blazed road to the Cherokee mills, running nearly west, where is now the road from Rushsylvania to Huntsvilh;. The Sandusky road was opened about the year 1824. At that time, John Tinnis made a contract to cut out six miles of this road. The evening this work was comjdeted, a young man named Heath came to a violent death in the vain attempt to outrun a falling tree. This roa" COU>TY. 451 In 1801', tlie iron bridge across llusli Creek, about a quarter of a mile east of liushsyl- vania, was erected, costing the townsliip the sum of 81,200. The C. C. C. & I. Railway, or what was then called the Bellefontaine and Indiana Railroad, was completed in 1853. AN'liile this road was being built through this town- ship, one of the workmen was killed in a fray among the hands and was buried, and, like Moses of old, no man knows to this day where he wiis laid. Every one, however, is certain that he was not concealed by an un- seen hand, and though he is not expected to appear again in person, yet many claim to have seen his ghost hovering around the " B'g Fill," looking grim, giiastly,' and terri- ble. Huslisylvania was laid out in the year 1834 by James Clagg, who settled on the farm belonging to the heirs of James Qua. He was a Virginian by birth, and inherited much of his native activity and enterprise. His town was nicknamed "Clagg Town," in honor of its proprietor. The first hotels were kept by Thompson Hughes, James Elani, Robert Stephenson and Jacob Niglebarger. Thomp- son Hughes kept a store in connection with his hotel on the corner where J.Q. A. Bennett's drug store now stands, the hotels of James Elam and Robert Stephenson being on the opposite corners. Niglel)arger also had a store in connection with his tavern. Robert Stephenson was succeeded in the year 1840 by Thomas Carson. Benjamin Green had a potterv shop. William Gibson preceded S. B. Stilwell in the wagon shop. Samuel Stilwell was the first blacksmith. Thomas Hughes and Jacob Niglebarger first kept the postoffice. Dr. Doran succeeded to the office in 18-18, and still retains it. He is one of the oldest post- masters in the State, and, during his term of service, has handled over a million of letters. The first doctors were Thomas D. Green, who was also a preacher, and Dr. Kingston. Dr. Fulton began the jjractice of medicine in Rushsylvania in 1810, and Dr. Doran in 1S40. Dr. Doran says that lie has rode horsel)ack enough in his practice, to go around the world twice, and partly the third time. Their early field of practice was very extensive, and malarial sickness was the principal disease for treatment. They sold as high as one hundred (■4 oz.) bottles of quinine in one summer. " For several years," says one who remem- bers the pioneer days, "whisky appeared to be a leading commodity of trade. The presence of the bottle on the table of the heading and prominent people, was not a rare sight, nor was it uncommon to see a dozen men divested of their coats on a public day, apparently anxious for a fight." While there are manv citizens in the town wiio dcj)lore the evils that now exist, let them console themselves with the thought that the town has made great improvement in morals an4 MISTOKY OF l.OGAX COUNTY. which Hps the reinnins of the first settler. In 1827 the socoiul church, built of hewed lofjs was erected liy tlie Bajitists, about half a mile north of the first one built by the Qua- kers and was called the " Kush Creek Baptist Church." Connected with this church a pub- lic graveyard was established. It was dona- ted l)y Solomon Cover, who then resided on the farm now owned by Lucian D. Mussel- man. 'J'he first person buried there was SaiMuel Patrick, in Octob.T, 1831. The first minister who preached in the Quak<'r Church was Rev. Thomas Antrim, and t lie first Bap- tist jireacher was Rev. Haines Parker. Revs. George McCullocli, Hiram llukei and a Mr. Clark were also pioneer preachers. The fol- lowing incident is related by Joel Thomas, .Ir., of Doctor Cirayeyes, an Indian Missionary, who lived on the reservation at Upper San- dusky. The Doctor and his wife, who was a half Indian, came on a visit to her father, Ebenezer Zaiie, wlio had his cstinp on Mill Creek. On Saturday, one of Elienezer's sons came to Joel Thomas, Sr., and informed. him that Dr. Grayej'es woidd ])reach at camp on the morrow. Tlie next morning the Thomas boys accompanied jiim to camp, wliere Dr. Crayeyes preached in tlie Indian tongue, and after services " Aunt Hannah," Ebenezer's wife, prepared dinner.. Ebenezer had killed a bear and his wife had cooked a portion of it for dinner. All stayed and dined on bear meat and wild honey, of whicli there was an a'.iundance. This shows the real state of feeling existing at that time between the red and white men. / Th ; nundjer of pioneer churches seems to have been few. Divine service was mostly held in schoolhouses. The first Sabbath School was held in the old Uushsylvania sehoolhouse. There was great trouble in get- ting this organized, as different denominations wanted to have the control. The Methodists early began their noble pioneer work of re- foiming the backwoodsmen, and were in the ascendency. They held revivals in every sehoolhouse and won many souls to Christ. They built the first church in Rushsylvania. It is now used as a dwelling liouse. In 1848 the Reformed Presljyterians built the second church in Rushsylvania. Rev. J. B. Johnston was tlieir first minister. He was the founder of North wood college, and was sueccediHl liy Rev. J. R. W. Sloane, who was President of Northwood College. In 18C0 he was succeed- ed l>y Rev. P. H. Wylie, who was Pastor till 1870, when he was succeeded by Rev. H. H. George, and he by Rev. J. Lynd, who is the present Pastor. The church at present has about sixty members. The Presbyterians and Methodists built a church in 18C7. The Methodists in 1870 purchased, and remodeled the old Reformed Presbyterian church, that denomination having the same year erected a new one. The Presbyterians number about sixtv. Rev. J. Alexander is their jiresent Pastor. The Methodists nund)er al)out the same. The Disciples built their cluirch in tlie vicinity of the Ansley settlement at a very early date, perhaps as early as 1840. In 1808 they erected a brick church at Rushsylvania. With the late Jesse Roberts as their preacher, they have increased. He died in 1879, re- spected and mourned by all. Tiiere was at a very early period an old log church at Equali- ty, and also a graveyard. This church was burnt to the ground in 1808, and another one has been built in its place, belonging to no particular denomination. The temperance cause has gained many workers and adherents in the townshij). Al- though there were no saloons for the women to visit in the villages at the time of the great Crusade, yet many of them eauglil the spirit of the movement, and joined thosi; of Bellefim- taine in the work of rescuing the unfortunate. The wave of Murphyism swept over the town, leaving to-day a few happy houses, which, but HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. ■i.V) ii for it, would have been blighted by the great curse. The first public schools were held in the old Quaker Church. Near .this old log church stood a log schoolhouse of the pioneer pat- tern — greased paper for windows, a large fire- j)lace made of wooden poles. The time when this was built is not certainly known. But prior to the year 1820, Isaac Myers and Jus- tice Edwards were the first teachers in the township. As early, perhaps, as the year 1830 there was a log schoolhouse about twen- ty feet square in the northwest corner of Rush Creek Township, in the vicinity of "White Town." Along one end of this rudi' structure was one log left out, and the place filled with glass panes ten by twelve; who was its first teacher is not remembered. Mr. Gregg the Presbyterian minister at Bellefontaine, used to preach here, and also taught a singing school. There was a schoolhouse at Equal- ity, built about the year 1830. It has long since disappeared, and, like all pioneer school- houses, it was a rude structure. Among its first teachers were Jesse Roberts. The wages paid the early teachers ranged from $8 to §13 a month. Those three schoolhouses have increased to fifteen, and every morning of the school period sees 600 Rush Creek children flocking to school. Wages now range from $'10 to §50 a month. Among these fifteen schools is the Rushsylvania Union School, which has al- ready been noticed. The following sta- tistics are from the last report of the Board of Education, made August 31, 1879: Whole amount paid teachers, §1,8T7'.43; paid for fuel etc., i!372.69; total expenditures, $2,250.12; balance on hand September 1, 1879, 81,042.11. Number of pupils enrolled — males, 309; females, 187; total, 396. Average daily at- tendance — males, 154; females, 134; total, 288. Number of schoolhouses in township, 12; total value of school property, $4,500. Dr. Doran, to whom we are indebted for many facts of the history of this town- ship, has quite an extensive collection of Indian relics, which he has gathered, and in which he takes considerable interest; he has also about 700 pieces of coin of different na- tions. Some of these are of very ancient date. They are of all sizes and descriptions and denominations and nationalities. The one bearing the most ancient appearance has an inscription in Greek which translated reads, " .lesus Christ, the King of Kings." Mrs. Doran also has a variety of stuffed birds, ani- mals and insects, very tastefully arranged. t f ? w_ 45G i±^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. CHAPTER XIV.* PLEASANT TOWXSniP— THE EARLY SETTLEMENT— SOCIAL LIFE IN THE BACKWOODS— INDUS- TRIES— llELIGIONS-ETC. " Man's fame, so often evanescent, Links here with thoughts and things that last; And all the bright and teeming present Thrills with the great and glorious past." LOOKING upon the map of Logan County we find a large tract of land in form an oblong square, its longest diameter east and west; its location south of the " Greenville treaty line," adjoining the Shelby County line. This territory is designated as Town- ship 1, Range 8, of the Congressional survey, and is bounded north by Bloomfield and Washington, south by Miami, east by Har- rison and Union, and west by Salem Town- ship in Shelby County. The principal water- course is the Miami River, which flows in nearly a due south course through the town- ship, centrally. On the west are two small tributaries without names and unimportant. The eastern portion of the township is trav- ersed by the Buckongehelas, a stream afford- ing power for numerous mills. The soil east of the Miami is a rich, yellow clay, slightly mixed with gravel and well adapted to wheat culture, while westward a black loam pre- dominates, yielding bountiful crops of corn and grass. The farm buildings, and improve- ments generally, are of a substantial character, and fully equal to the average in this portion of Logan Countv. The surface features of the township are varied, and presents to the eye a panoram.i of surpassing loveliness, Coniiu'x from the north you pass through a stretch of country perfectly level, and with the exception tif an occasional strip of wood- luMi], covered with a heavy growth of golden •Contrlliiili-- Dr. J. 11. S« Chcvcrell. wheat. Southward, as you near the river, the surface becomes rolling with a gentle descent from either direction and at intervals cut by ravines, down which, during the fall and spring, flow streams of no mean dimen- sions. To stranger ej'es the name of this township, Pleasant, seems particularly apjiropriate, for surely no more beautiful or pleasing scenery exists in the county than is found along the vallej' of the Miami at this period, and imag- ination can readily paint the scene that met the view of the hardy and resolute men who first penetrated this region. They found a land fertile as heart could wish, fair to look upon, and fragrant with the thousand fresh odors of the woods in early spring. The lonff, cool aisles of the forest led away into mazes of vernal green, where the swift deer bounded by unmolested, and as yet unscared by the sound of the woodman's ax or the sharp ring of the rifle. All about them was displayed the lavish beauties of primitive na- ture. The luxuriant growth of the oak, the walnut, maple, beech, chestnut and sycamore, with the lesser shrubs, the dogwood, the crab- ai)|)lo and the wild plum, and the heavy- hanging grape-vines, gave evidence of the strength of the virgin soil and the mildness of the climate. The forests which covered the land fmnishcd an abundance of food for the smaller animals, and the deer, as common as the cattle of to-day, grazed upon the rich grass of the lowlands and browsed upon the verdure in the little glades. Othi^r animals were abundant. The bear and the elk were occasional visitants, while the forest teemed -.|. ^1 ,k HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 457 with wild hogs, that roamed about in droves , and fattened upon the abundant mast. Wild tui-kej-s appeared in vast flocks, and in the season came the migratory fowls and tarried by the streams. The river had its share of life, and fairly swarmed with fish. Buc the pioneers came not to enjoy a life of lotus- eating. They could look forward with happy anticipation to the life they were to lead in the midst of all this beauty, and to the rich reward that would be theirs; but they had first to work. The dangers, also, to which they were exposed were serious ones. Tiie Indians could not be trusted, and the many stories of their outrages in the earlier eastern settlements riiade the pioneers of this section constantlj' apprehensive of trouble. The larger wild beasts were much dreaded, and the smaller ones a source of ureat an- noyance. Added to this was the liability to sickness which always exists in a new coun- try, and that continual feeling of loneliness not easily dispelled. This was a far greater trial to the men and women who first dwelt in this western country than is generally im- agined. The deep-seated, constantly-recur- ring feeling of isolation made many stout hearts turn back to the abodes of comfort, to the companionship and sociability of their old homes, but such was not the intention of the rugged sons of toil who first peopled the Township of Pleasant. Early in the month of March, 1809, .lames Moore and Robert Dickson, each with two yoke of stout oxen attached to heavy covered wagons in which were their families and a few necessarj- articles of household goods, began from the interior of the State of Kentucky, the long and tedious journev to Logan County, Ohio, a locality represented to be if not a veritaljle land of "milk and honey," at least, closely allied to it. After numerous mishaps by " flood and field, " the cavalcade arrived in safety at Cincinnati and was, with much vexatious delay, ferried across " La Belle Rivere,'' an achievement not unattended with danger, in its then swollen condition. From this place northward to Urbana, the route was, for the most part, but a blazed trail, dodging about, first this way and that, wherever convenient, and scarcely passable at all, at this season of the year, Urbana was reached at last, and from here, to the place selected for a home, the journey was made through an almost trackless wilderness. At last the " Mecca " of their pilgrimage was reached, and a rude encampment made upon the east bank of the Miami river, a short dis- ance above the site of the present hamlet of Logansville. The land, previously purchased, consisted of a fractional section, embracino- some 300 acres, including, and extending north along the river northward from Logans- ville. In the division Mr. Moore became the proprietor of the north half of this tract; his pioneer log cabin was erected not far from the site of the old homestead, was occupied by Newton N. Moore. Mr. Dickson's cabin stood nearly one-half mile to the southwest. Forced to rely entirely upon their own efforts, these pioneer houses were, of necessity, little more than huts; made entirely of small logs, roughly put together, they answered for tem- porary shelter, until the arrival of other settlers, by whose aid more substantial dwell- ings were built. Mr., Moore's- family at this time consisted of a wife and four children, only one of whom is now living in the town- ship, Dennis, whose head is " Thickly silvered o'er witli care," and round whose pathway naught now re- mains, as a reminder of those early days, save perhaps, the "silent city of the dead" upon the home farm, where rest the remains of many whose strong hands have helped to sub- due the mighty forest. The family of Mr. Dick- son consisted of a wife and three children, now all deceased, though many descendants \v 458 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. of the family still reside in the vicinity of Logaiisville. Two years pass away, and still these two families are the sole white oc- cu])aiits of the territory embraced within the limits of what is now Pleasant Township; the hardships and privations they endured during this ]i('riod would have discouraged less de- termined ones. The nearest grist-mill was at Urbana, at the same place was also a store, where the commonest goods were sold at enormous prices; tea, *"2 p(>r ])oaiid; salt, 85 per bushel of lifty jjoinids, and calico, which now sells at eight cents, sold readily for §1 per yard. During the fall of 1811, Alfred Matji- ews ami John Means, each with large families arrived in the township, and made settlement, the former upon a tract of land some two miles oast of Logansville, and the latter about on(' and one-half miles to the south of Mr. Moore's, on the west hank of the river. Al- fred Matiiows, Jr., is the only surviving mem- ber of these families now residing In the township. These four families constituted the entire white population of the township until after the close of hostilities with Great Britain. Among the settlers who arrived immediate- ly subsei|uent to the dose of the war were: Al'xander t'iper and family, who came from Nicholas County, Ky., in the fall of 181S. The farm upon which they first settled is now owned by Dennis Moore. William D. riper is the oidy one of the family living in the township. Robert Ellis, also from Kei>- tueky, made settlement upon lands, still occu- pied lij' the family, to the northwest of Lo- gansville. Robert McMullen, jnirchased a tract of land adjoining Mr. I'iper's. These are believed to be all who became actual resi- dents jirior to the year 18:iO. This local itv, as is every newly settled country, was infested with a class of nomadic people, known as S(|uattcrs, whose sojourn was usually' brief, yet whose departure was heartily welcome. The next settlers were: Peter Hanks, Addison Henderson, John Hill, Samuel Geise, Daniel McKinnon, and possibly others whose names are forgotten, but as the settlement soon be- came general we will not follow it further. During the war of 1812, the utmost alarm and uneasiness prevailed in the scattered set- tlements, by reason of which the Government ordered a company of soldiers into the vicin- ity for protection. Immediately on their arrival they proceeded to the erection of a " block- house." Its location was upon a high point of land, about one mile east of the present vil- lanfo of LoMnsvilie. The structure was com- posed of two buildings, some twenty feet square, connected at the second story and well provided with port-holes. It was of little im- ])ortance, however, as the troops were with- drawn soon after its comjiletion. As the settlement increased the asperities of life were softened, its amenities multiplied. Social iiatherings became numerous. The log-rolling, harvesting and husking bees for the men, and the apple-butter making and quilting parties for the wouumi, furnished frc- (luent occasions for social intercourse. The early settlers took much jileasure and pride in rifle shooting, and as they were accustomed to the gun as a means, often, of obtaining subsistence, and relied u])on it as a weapon of defence, they exhibited considerai)lc skill, and "shooting matches" were of frey 4C2 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. much of the corn grown in the neighborhood. It was in operation some fifteen years. The second grist-mill in the townsliip was built by Washington Firestone, on Indian Run. It was only in operation a few years. Thompson Dickson built a tannery just west of I.ogans- ville in 1826, wliich was successfully con- ducted for many years. In those early days the general hospitality exhibited rendered hotels superfluous. The " latch-string " was out at every cabin, and the w(>ary traveler was always sure of a welcome and the best the house afforded; but as the settlement grew older, and the desire for wealth became pre- dominant, that genial, social welcome ceased, and the tavern came into existence. To meet this want, John Dickson, in about 1835, opened a house of entertainment at Logans- ville. It was quite a commodious affair. A few years later Joseph Davison became the host of a second hostelry, in the same hamlet. For many years during the early jiart of the settlement the rcwere no roads in the township, the travel being along trails, approx- imating the direction j-ou wished to go, less attention being paid to the points of the compass than to the convenience of the builder, hence these routes quite often brought to mind the adage: "The longest way round is the nearest way home." The first legally constituted road in the township was cut through in about 1830, and ran in a gen- eral northwest course from DcGraff to Bloom Center, crossing the Miami Kiver at the point now spanned by the Moore bridge. This road is now a fine graveled turnpike. In early times the river wa,s crossed by means of a small ferry ))oat, built by James Moore, of which it is said, that the chances of getting wet wcr(? about equal, whether you rode in a boat or waded across. However, during the high water in the fall and spring months, this boat was of considerable utility. The finest bridge in Logan County is the one crossing the Miami River immediately west of Logans- ville. It is of the high truss model, and is constructed entirely of wrought iron. Its entire length is 187 feet with two spans, supported at the ends and in the center by solid ■ masonry. It was built by the Cleveland Bridge and Iron Company during the winter of 1879-80. The luasonry by John M. Watters of Jefferson, Ohio. Entire cost $9,376. The work was all done under the supervision of S. A. Buchanan, Civil Engineer for Logan County, and reflects credit upon all connected there- with. The early mails were carried on horseback, and reached 'Logansville once each week, during favorable weather. John Dickson kept th(> first postoffice. It was established about 1830. Lewis Young is the jH-esent Postmas- ter. The old mail line from Bellefontaine to Sidney, via Logansville, was long since aban- doned, and now a daily mail is received from DeGrafl". Messrs. Thompson and William Dickson, sons of the original proprietor, in the year 1827, made a plat of a portion of their real estate upon the east side of the Miami, and this embryo village they named in honor of the celebrated Mingo Chief, whose burning speech to the messenger of Lord Dunmorc, in 1774, has become immortal. Logansville is yet in its infancy. It contains-one general store, one drugstore, a church, school, two blacksmith shops and a Grange hall. The history of the lat- ter is as follows: Pleasant Grange, No. 485, P. of IL, was organized on .lanuary 29, 1879, with thirty charter members. Its meetings were held in the hall over Young's store for one year, when a purchase of the Presliyterian meeting-house was effected. This has been refitted, and here the society meets on Satur- day evening of each week. The membership now numbers sixty. The succession of Mas- ters is R. J. Smith and John Hannah. T' ^. HISTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY 463 The history of the churches dates from a period near the close of the war of 1812, and is of considerable interest. Early in the sum- mer of the year 1S15, an itinerant preacher of the New Light or Christian faith, a denomina- tion having its origan at a camp meeting held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky, near the dawning of the present century, came into the settle- ment, and announced a meeting at the log house of James Moore. At the appointed time the entire settlement turned ovit, and so much interest was manifested that another meeting was announced. This was followed at intervals of a few weeks duration, by others until about 1824, when the families of tlie four original settlers: James Moore, Robert Dickson, Alfred Mathews and John Means, united in the formation of the first religious society in Pleasant Township, and not long afterward, a log meeting-house was built in Logansville. A few years later a society of the Presbyterian denomination was formed here, and they united with the Christians in the erection of a comfortable frame church, (now the Grange hall). In this the original organi- zation met for worship until 1870, when the present substantial cliurch edifice at Logans- ville was erected. This society has now a large membership, and in connection a flourish- ing Sabbatli School. In point of chronological order the Methodist Episcopal Church ante- dates the Presbyterian. The date of its for- mation was not far from 1828. A hewed log meeting-house was erected at Logansville, and res'uJar reliffious services organized. For a time tlie societ}' gave promise of success, and its numbers increased, but eventually the tide set adversel3'-, the membership, by death and removals, decreased, until at last services were discontinued, and the old log chapel went to decay. In the northeastern part of the town- ship stands a pretty little church, built by the Society of United Brethren, a few years since. A small society still worships here. The school interest has been fostered from the earliest settlement in the township, and the commodious school buildings of to-day, with their cleaiilj- and well kept surroundings, attest the continuance of that fostering care. Immediately subsequent to the close of the war of 1812, a small log schoolhouse was erected upon what is now the McMullen farm, just past of Logansville, and in this building a man named Wilson com men ced a term of school the fall following, all the children in the town- ship were in attendance upon this school. The schoolhouse was of the most prim- itive character — unhewn walls, puncheon floor, seats and door; greased paper windows, and the wide-tiiroated stick chimney. '"And yet," one of the dozen sciiolars, the onh^ one now living, remarks: "the memory of that old homely schoolhouse is far more pleasing- to me than to look upon the huge piles of brick and stone constituting the school build- ings of to-day." Upon the organization of the township, a division into sub-districts was effected, and a number of frame schoolhouses erected. The first of these was erected in Logansville, on the site at present occupied by the brick schoolhouse. Following are the school statistics for Pleasant Township for the school year ending August 31, 18T9: Whole numher of pupils enrolled 363 Whole amount paid teachers $1,7-18.23 Whole number of schoolhoiiseii 7 Value of schoolhouses and grounds §3,500. The writer has been unable to learn any- thing in relation to the organization of the township, except that the first election was held at the hotel of John Dickson's, in Lo- gansville. Several persons now live in the township who were present at this election, but none of them are able to give the date or the names of the officers elected. The re- cords in the office of the Township Clerk do not date back but a few years. f 'eis \ 464 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUKTY. CHAPTER XV.* ZANE TOWNSniP— EAJILY SETTLE^IF.NT— LIFE IX THE WOODS— PIOXEER IXDUSTRIES- GROWTH OF SOCIETY— CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. ZAXE is the oldest township in Logan County. The changes of over tUice- quarters of a century have passed over the scene until, at this day, looking backward throiig-h tlie receding years, we can scarcely realize the hardships, the trials and the sor- rows of those who made tliis wilderness to l)lossoni with the flowers of an advancing civ- ilization. Nature, over bountiful, seemed to lavish her gifts on this section of country. In its primeval state there was presented almost every feature that could delight the simple " sons of the forest," and charm the pioneer. Its beautifully undulating surface, the mighty forest trees of walnut, inajile, poplar and oak, the soft murmur of its rippling creeks and babbling brooks, t\w. lime-stone springs well- ing from the rocks, cool and refreshing — above all, its fertile soil, early attracted the rude savage and later called forth the admiration and energetic impulses of the frontiersman. The Big Darby Creek takes its source just beyond the north boundary of Zune Town- ship, at a limestone spring on the farm of Joseph Outland. It flows through the north- eastern portion of this township, receiving, near where it loaves, the waters of Mill Branch, and a short distance further south, in Cham|)algn County, the waters of 151" Branch, which latter stream drains the back lands of the southern and western portions of Zane townshi(). Mill Branch, itself a consid- erable stream, takes its rise in a low swamp, abounding in springs, on the western bound- ary line of the townshij), within a few feet of the head waters of the historical Mackachack. • Cuntril>iitv(l ],y L. 8. WelU. Both streams head in this swamp, which con- tains about 100 acres, and is the largest in this section. This low land seems to be the break in that limestone belt, or water-shod, which traverses the township northwest and southeast, forming the dividing line between the waters of the Scioto and those of th'e Great Miami. Formerly older swamps abounded in the township, but through the exi-rtions of the progressive farmers of this section they have been drained, leaving a soil rich and exceed- ingly j)roductive. At the present time the land is well cleared and under cultivation. A fine system of tile under-drainage prevails throughout the township, making the tillable land especially valuable. No other township in the State possesses so many maple sugar " camps," forming thereby an industry third onU' to wheat and corn. Zane Township is situated in the extreme southeastern ])art of Logan County, and is composed entirely of Virginia Military- land. It was one of four original townships, into which Logan County was divided, and form- erly comprised within its boundaries what is now Perry and Bokes Creek. Its present boundaries are as follows: On the north b^' Perry Township, on the east by Libertj' and Allen Townships, in Union County; on the south by Hush and Wayne Townshij>s, in Champaign County, and on the west by Monroe Township. The chief productions are wheat, corn and maple sugar. Stock rais- in"- also receives considerable attention. It contains but one village, that of Middleburg, situat(!d in the north central partof tiie town- ship, on the highest point of land in this section. ^^ r il HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 465 Zaiie Township received its iir.me from Isaac Zaiie, who was bom in 1753, in Virginia, and at an early ago was taken prisoner by the Wyandots and carried to Detroit. He grew to manhood among them, and married a squaw of that nation. Soon after the Greenville Treaty he bought a tract of land, consisting of 1,800 acres, where the town of Zauesfield now stands, and died there in 1810. Perhaps the first entry of land was made by Robert Power, March IT, 1800, and consisted of a 2,000 acre tract in the eastern part of the township. This tract was subsequently divi- ded between Lucas Sullivant and General Duncan McArthur. The first settlements made in either Cham- paign or Logan Counties were indirectly the result of Wagner's campaign on the Maumee. When the army in part disbanded at the Maumee Rapids, after the defeat of the In- dians and the consummation of the Greenville Treaty, the soldiers, many of whom came from Virginia and Kentucky, returned to their- homes, bearing glorious accounts of the magnificence of this locality. Soon a wave of emigration set in toward the head waters of the Groat Miami and the Mad Rivers, bear- ing upon its crest Job Sharp, the first white settler in either Logan or Champaign Coun- ties, rie was a native of Now Jersey, but entered the northwestern territory from Cul- ]iepper Co., Va., locating near Chillicothe in 1800. He remained here but a short time, and then with his family, consisting of Phelie, his wife, his son, Joshua, and daughters, Achsah and Sarah, together with his son-in- law, Carlisle Haines, a mere lad, he started with a four-horse team for the head waters of the Mackachack, and arrived in what is now Zane Township, and settled on the farm now owned by Lucius Cochran, on Christmas day, 1801, locating on part of the tract surveyed by Levi Sullivant in 1797. Of that long journey tlirough the then unbroken wildi^r- ness, and the hardships endured, none are now living who shared them. Suffice it to say, that immediately upon his arrival, with the help of his family, a rude structure was erected, which served to jjrotect them from the inclemency of the weather. In the spring a small clearing was made, upon which they raised a crop. Thus, in the midst of the mighty forest ivhich stretched for miles in every direction, and in whose shades lurked the Indian and his still more savage compan- ions, the wolf andpanther, beleaguered by the terrible privations of pioneer life, then was planted the germ of that civilization which to-day flourishes throughout the length and breadth of this section. Job Sharp died on January 13, 3822. His wife, Phebe, who sur- vived him a short time, was a remarkable woman, being for many j'ears the only physi- cian in this locality, and well versed, it is said, in those simple but effective remedies that were used in curing diseases which pre- vailed in pioneer settlements. She was high- ly estcemvd by all the early settlers, and her dying request was that she should be buried, not in the cemetery, but at the roadside, so that her friends might see her grave when passing, and thus call to mind her benefi- cence. Her request was complied with, and to-day a plain stone, with her initials upon it, marks her resting-place. Both tlie girls are dead, and Joshua has also dejjarted. In 1802, Esther, daughter of Job Sharp,- who had mar- ried Thomas Antrim in Virginia, and had moved with her husband to Chillicotlio, came up to the little settlement, alone, on horse- back, on a visit to her parents. Thev were so overjoyed at seeing her that they insisted upon iier remaining and sending for her hus- band. This was done, and in 1803 Thomas Antrim, the second settler in this localitv, en- tered the township, settling upon his father- in-law's farm. By trade, he was a black- smitl), and proved a valuable adjunct to the vl^ 4GG HISTORY OF LOG AX COUNTY. little coiiimunity. He was also a Quaker preacher, ami thus, side by side with the ad- vance of the settlement, grow up and ex- panded ■ the Christianizing iiilluences of that denomination, its earlj' start showing, in a striking manner, the deep religious character of the first settlers. Thomas Antrim and his wife arc both dead. Their son, Daniel An- trim, was the first white child born in either Union, Champaign or Clarke Counties. His birth took place in 1804, and he died in April, 1879. The same year, 1803, John Sharp, brother of Job Sharp, who had remiiined behind his brother in ^'irginia, followed after and settled in th(,' immediate vicinity. He began to im- prove and clear his land, harrass-ed, however, by all tiie drawbacks incident to pionec^r life. He reared a family of eight sons and three daughters. He died at the advanced age of !>S, universally beloved and respected. Many of his descendants are well-to-do citizens of this township. Moses Kuans, an old Rcvolutioiiarv soldier, at the earnest solicitation of Job Sharp, who had known him well in ^'irginia, and had sent him accounts of the settlement in Zane Township, came up to the Sharp settlement in 1803 on horseback. Satisfying himself in regard to the fertility of the soil, the excel- lent climate, etc., he returned to Virginia and j)urchased several military claims. in 1804, with his family, he started for Zane Township, but reaching Cliillieothe at the be- ginning of the winter season, he remained there until the following year, when, with a five-horse team, he started and came through to the settlement, locating his claims on the land now occupied by his grandchildren. His two sons, William and Joseph, served in till- war of 1812 — the latteras captain. None of Ids family survive him. The year ISOj witnesM'd the settletnent of James and Joseph Stokes. They wore both born in Culpepper County, Virginia. James brought with him his wife, a daughter of Moses Euans. They settled in Zane Township, and put up the first frame house in this township. This frame house was a great curiosity to the whites and Indians. Joseph was a Lieutenant in the W'ar of 1812, and after its close engag- ed in the mercantile business. He also served as County Commissioner for many years. Quite an influx of settlers took place the following year, 1806. In that j^ear came Daniel Garwood with bis sons, Jose, Dan- iel and .lonathan, and daughters. Patience an(T Sarah; John and Joshua Inskeep and their families; Robert Ray and his son, Joseph, all from Cul])epper, Virginia; Joshua Outland, from the State of North Carolina, and Joshua Ballinger, from New Jersey. The Garwoods early became prominent citi- zens of this secticm; Jose in ])articular, hav- ing received more than an ordinary educa- tion, was given several positions of trust and honor. He served with distinction in tlic war of 1812, and was a])]iointed IJriixade Inspector under Gen. McArthur, witli whom he was on very intimate terms. All the members of the family are now dead. The Inskeep brothers were related by mar- riage to the Garwoods, and came to Ohio in 1805, settling on Darby Plains, near Milford Centre. Preferring the tiplnnds, they moved to this locality the following year. No man ])layed a more prominent ])art in the eiirly history of the township than John Inskeep. He served as thcfirst Justice of the Peace in what is now Zane and Perry Townshi])s, his commission bearing date November IC, 1816, and the signature of Tiiomas Worthington, Governor of Ohio. He was tdectod to the Legislature from Champaign County when it (•mbraced what is now Logan and Clarke Counties, and, in 1816, conjointly with Reu- ben Wallace, Member of Legislature, and i. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 4G7 Daniel McKinnon, Senator, procured the separation of the three counties. He was a local minister, first in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and subsequently in the Methodist Protestant Church, assisting in the establish- ment of the first church of the former denomi- nation in this vicinity. He died in 1859. His son, William Inskeep, now living, was the second male white child born in the county, the date being January 29, 1807 ; William is also a minister in the Methodist Protestant Church. Joshua Inskeep also became ;in influential citizen. Like his brother, he was a minister in the Methodist Church. The brick house that he built — a most substantial structure, now standing on the farm of Alonzo P. West — is perhaps the oldest now used as a residence in the township. It is said of him that it was no uncommon thing for him to entertain on Quarterly ^Meeting occasions fifty to seventy- five people, such was his hospitality. He is dead. Many of his descendants are still resi- dents of the township. All of Josiah Outland's worldly effects were transported from Jackson Countj^ in North Carolina — the "Pine Tar" State — to Zane Township in a one-horse cart. The trip was over the mountains, and it was six weeks from the time he started before he reached his destination. He settled in the extreme northern part of what is now Zane Township, and it is from a spring near his house that the Big Darby takes its rise. He and his wife reared a family of eleven sons and five daughters, all of the former settling around their father in such proximity that it is said they were all able to hear him call his stock to be fed. The names of his sons crave rise to the following hapjjy stanza, cur- rent a quarter of a century ago, and said to owe its origin to the reply of an old lady at a quilting party, who, in answer to the question, ^V'ljut were the names Jf Josiah Outland's sons ? replied: There is Jeny, Rob and John, Bill, Edd and Tom, Pete. John and Joe, Sam and Ezrio. The good old dame corrupted the last name slightly — we suppose to preserve the rhyme. Josiah Outland lived to be 86 years of age. He was a member of the Friends' Church. John Warner and John Cowgill came to the settlement in 1807; Warner was a native of New Jersey, and served in the frontier armies for six years, fighting for some time under Wayne, being in the hitter's armj'when it disbanded ; he immediately passed north into Canada, where he married and settled. Job Sharp had known Warner, having met him in the East, and the two had become fast friends, but Sharp had lost sight of him lor several years ; accidentally hearing where he was located, through an Indian trader, he sent him a letter, asking him to come to Znnc Township and settle. Wiirner, immediately acting upon the suggestion of Sharp, left his plow standing in the furrow, and, gathering his household effects, crossed to the American side. Placing his goods in a dug--out canoe, ho " poled " along the American shore until lie reached the mouth of the Maumee River, passed up the river to the mouth of the Auglaize River, poled up that stream until his further progress was checked by drift- w-ood, when he secured his canoe, and striking across the country, accompanied by his wife, he reached the hospitable cabin and received a hearty welcome from his old friend. Job Sharp. The next day. Sharp, in com- pany with Warner, took his pack-horses and brought Warner's goods to the little settle- ment. Warner located on Mill Branch, about one mile south of the present village of Middleburg ; he and his wife are both dead. Cowgill came from the Old I)ominio;i, and, when he first entered Ohio, located in •1 "V il- 4GS HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. Columhianii County; he came to Zane and settled in the southern part of the township. Abishai Warner, brother of John Warner, joined his brother in Zane Township, in 1800, after a se])aration of over twenty vears ; ho bronght with him liis wife, four sons and four daughters ; the names of his sons were — Isaac, Samuel, David and Jesse. Isaac was a great hunter and trapper, and it is said tiiat many times the family were kept from sulfering for want of food b}' his skill as a marksman ; he was also a scout in the war of 1812. The father, Abishai, served as one of the first Trustees in the'township. Samuel is tiie only one of the family living, and of all the pioneers, ho alone remains — a man 77 vears of age ; he has the use of all his facul- ties, and preserves his earh- vigor to a remark- able degree ; at present he resides in Porters- burg, Union County. Jose|)h Cur! came to Ohio from Lynch- burg, Va., in 1801, and settled in Columbi- ana County; in ISOO, he purciiascd part of the farm of Job Sharp, and, accompanied by his son, Joseph Stratton Curl, he came to tlic settlement, in this townsliip. Deceived by the deerlicks in this locality that there was an !d)undance of salt, which w;is very scarce alid dillicult to procure, he began to bore for the same, and it is said that he spent over ^1,000 — a very large sum of money in those days — in his fruitless endeavor. Dr. John D. Elbert, of Kentucky, was the first physician in tliis townshi]). He came in 180'.l, and settled on the farm now owned by Job Bishop. lie was one of the founders of I III- fust .Methodist Episcopal Churi'h, and died 1 1 his way to visit a patient, December 28, ls:;s. The epitaph upon his gravc-stoiio ex- ji:i sM's the opinion of those who knew him II. It is as follows: " Dr. Elliert wasagood i.liysician. an honest man, a sincere Christian anil truly tiie friend of tiii) jioor and afflicted, lie died in the 07th year of his age." Samuel Ballingcr and his sons, John and Joshua, came here from the Old Dominion in 1810. They first located on a farm on the edge of what is now Middleburg. Joshua mariied Delilah, daughter of John Inskeep, the first white female child born in the town- ship. She still survives. Walter Marshall, a native of the "Blue Grass" State, came the same j-ear and located in the southwestern part of the townshiji on a tract of land adjoin- ing Dr. Elbert's. lie died recently. Thomas Segqr was a native of Baltimore, Maryland, and located in the southern part of Zane in 1811. His house, which had been built in a very substantial manner, was fre- quently used as a block-house, and here the settlers would gather on the rumor of a threatened Indian invasion. The earliest settlers were noted for their hospitality. Whoever came among them, though a stranger, they shared with him their humble but wholesome food; and, indeed, such was their generosity that ofttimes they would deny themselves for the purpose of ministering to the wants of th(>ir guest. Their domestic economy was simple, be- cause their wants were few and their demands easily satisfied. Their little log cabin was to them a home whose memory was long cher- ished, even after a better building had usurped its place; and at this day the oldest inhabitants speak with delight of the manj' happy moments spent in the pioneer honie. In the earlier days of the settlement, the men wore breeches and roundabouts of tanned deerskin, with shirts of homespun. The women wore kirtlcs of doeskin, while linen and linscy-wolscy serveil in place of the luimespun garments of the men. It was not until IS2:J that Lot Inskeej) opened the first store in a small cabin near the old Inskeep siwmill, and sold pins, needles, tinware, and a little English calico. Previous to this time, #i(! only goods sold were by an Indian trader at 'f HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 4C9 Zanesfield, named Robindi. The store of Lot Inskeep was subsequently moved to Garwood Mills byJosephStokes,who succeeded Inskeep. Shoe packs and moccasins were the only coverings for the feet. The latter were made by the Indians from deerskin; the former were made from- hogskin, and consisted of a piece of skin large enough to cover the foot, which was lapped across the front and then sewed up fiom the toe to the instep, where 'an oj^ening was loft to insert the foot. The heel was then sewed up, forming quite a comfortable covering. AVhen the weather was very cold, they were lined with wool and were half-soled. Shoes were subsequently made by traveling shoemakers, who would come into the settlement and manufacture any number of them for fifty cents a pair. Traveling tinkers used to journey from set- tloniont to settlement, and remelting all the old pewter disiies and platters that had been broken or worn out, would recast them. In 1S18, the Connecticut (Yankee) clock ped- dlers made their appearance for the first time, and clocks became an institution in all the well-to-do I'amilies. It was some time before scissors came into the settlement; and it is related of Mrs. Lydia A. Marquis that, in making a quilt, she was compelled to cut the blocks out with a knife,-as there was not a pair of shears in the settlement. For salt thej^ were either compelled to travel to Portland, now Sandusky City, or to Chillicothe. They generally went through with a load of wheat, and returned with salt and Other necessary commodities. Ri .the fall of ISIO, Abishai Warner went to the latter settlement and bought a bushel of salt, paying for the same $13. Several projects for making salt from deerlicks were attemptecl, but in all cases signally failed, after a considerable outlay of money. In later times, previous to the building of the Cincinnati, Sandusky and Cleveland Railroad, the wheat was all hauled to Portland, a distance of 100 miles, the entire trip occupying nine da3's. The price of wheat in the settlement in 1843 was 50c. per bushel, while at Portland it brought §1. A load consisted of twenty-five bushels, and the teamsters usually went through in companies, camping out on the waj-. The barter price of wheat was a bushel of salt, no matter what was the price of wheat; and salt and leather would usually constitute the load back. Sugar was also produced for the market, and brought from oc. to 6c. per pound, and molasses from 50c. to GOc. per gallon. Gin- seng found a ready market at 8c. per pound for green and 25c. dried, and many a maiden fair arrayed herself in stylish English calico from the proceeds of what she dug out of the ground. Meal was the staple article, and form- ed the foundation of the pioneers' supplies. In the year 1808, the greatest consternation prevailed in the little settlement on account of the failure of the corn crop. .Jose Gar- wood, in a manuscrij)t written a few days before his death, relates that in that year Dan Garwood, Moses Euans and George Harris, with a five-horse team, went to Chil- licothe to get a load for the use of the settle- ment; and Jose himself, then quite a !;oy, went along to ride the fifth horse as they threaded their way on the zigzng road down the Darby. He further relates that wheat was not planted until 1808. The first crop, when made into bread and eaten, made cverjr one sick, and the experiment was not tried again until the war of 1813. The principal meat was venison and other wild game which the forest afforded. When a long, cold win- ter compelled the game to seek other locali- ties, the settlers often suffered for want of meat. E inuind Outland relates that his father's family lived at one time nearlv two months without bread, and at the same period meat also became very scarce. One mornino-, after being without food of any kind for .some 470 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. time, his Tnother went to the spring near the cabin, and saw two pigeons. With joy, she returned to the house, and informing her husband, he immediately went down and shot them. Tiiese were thankfully eaten. The first cook-stove introduced into the township created a profound sensation. It was purchased by Dr. John Elbert in 1839. The second one was purchased by Jose Gar- wood. They each cost ^^55, and were paid for in dressed hogs at S2 per hundredweight. Stransrc as it may seem, this introduction of stoves was considered an unwarranted inno- vation by the good people, and they were treated with distrust and contempt, many preferring to bake their "Johnny cake "' on the board and " hoe cake " in the ashes, the "pone" in the oven over the fire-place, and the whoaten loaf in the old-fashioned tin re- flector beside the large open fire-place. For their supply of kettles, both for house use and for making maple sugar, the settlers had to go to the Mary Ann Furnace in Licking County; and when the old ten-plate stove for heating churches, school-houses, and occa- sionally the "best room," made its advent, fpiite a trade was carried on from that point. Farming utensils were also very slow in their introduction, and meeting the favor of the settlers. The first left-handed plow was brought into the township in 1841, and was made by .John Coojier of Urbana. Previous to this time, the plow in use was the right- handed one, consisting of a wooden mold- board and shod with an iron point. The gr:iin in the early times was tramped out with horses or jxmnded out with a Hail. The first threshing machine was a crude affair, liiit, of course, created a great sensation in tile township. Its characteristic feature was its huge wings which beat the grain out. The mnchiiie was owned by a man named William Brown, and was first operated on tiie farm of Jose Garwood. Stock, as a general thing, ran wild in the woods, but at night they had to be carefully housed. Hogs were long, lank and dangerous. Many having escaped, ran wild in the woods, and became very ferocious. Samuel Warner, while on his way through the woods, was attacked by a drove of these wild hogs, and pressed so hard that he took to a tree, where he was compelled to remain for a number of hours, the hogs in the meantime tearing the bark from the bottom of the" tree with their huge tusks. After some years it was neces- sary to hunt these hogs like other wild game, so numerous and dangerous had they become. In the bear, however, the hogs had a formida- ble enemy, and it is said that a hog that could not outrun a bear had no show for an exis- tence. Cows would often get lost in the woods, and not infrequently, when found, would be mired in some lick or spring. On account of the wild pasture, the milk would often become tainted, thus inducing what was known as milk sickness, which did not dis- appear un''' ■ nil- pastures became the feed- ina: errou d or t'lo cows. Of course it was necessary i.. . the cattle, hogs, shee]) and horses shouUlhave some mark by which each individual could distin-ruish his own animals. This was dune in several ways, by slitting, cro])ping and cutting the cars, and having each peculiar mark registered with the Town- shi]) Clerk. Wild animals caused the settlers a great deal of trouble, and were very numerous in early times. IJcars, especially at times, were quite bold, as the following incident shows: In very early times as a wife of one of the settlers was Vmsily engaged with her household afl'airs, she was suddenly st^n-tled by the loud barking of the house dog, followed by the screams of her three-year-old child. Husiiiiig into the yard, to her horror she bi'held a full-grown bi-ar ])erched on a low outbuilding, and thi; faithful dog standing i)]^ .HISTORY OF LOCtAX COUNTY. 471 guard over th3 child, which was only saved from a horrible death by its sagacity. The mother snatched her child from its perilous situation, and called her husband from an ad- joining '"clearing," who quickly shot the bear. The wolves, both on account of their sa- gacity and ferociousness, were a terrible pest, necessitating the enactment of a law for their extirpation. It was almost impossible for the early farmers to raise a flock of sheep, as a few of these animals would kill an entire flock in a short time. They were very watch- ful, and as they traveled mostly at night, it was hard to shoot them. Job Garwood and Isaac Warner, indnced by the premium of 85 a scalp, made a specialty of trapping them. This was accomplished by either a dead-fall or the steel trap. It is related as a fact that when a wolf was caught in a steel trap, and the trap was fastened to a tree or stake, that the wolf would gnaw its leg off to escape. Rattlesnakes also infested the country, having their dens in the limestone clifl's along the creeks. Raccoons were also a great pest, de- stroying the corn and other productions of the settlers. Thus, a farmer who produced a good crop, and saved his stock, could be congratu- lated. . The first orchard was set out b\' Job Sharp, in 1802. The same year, his wife planted, near the house, a sprig of a pear which she had brought from Mitchell's, down near Urbana, as a riiling whip. Strange as it may appear, this little sprig took root, and grew into a fine, large tree. Some vandal hand drove a spike into the tree many years ago, causing it to decay in the interior, but it has preserved enough vitality to bear fruit even at this late day. In 1810, Johnny Ap- jjleseed, a personage familiar in almost every settlement at an early day, and whose name is yet held in regard and respect in the local- ity, planted a nursery on the farm of Joshua InsAeep. Many an old orchard in Zane Township owes its origin to the foresight of this truly remarkable man, and, as long as the traditions of this locality will be cherished, the name of Jonathan Chapman will linger among the people. " And if they enquire whence come these trees Whei e not a bough ouc'e swayed in the breeze, The answer still comes as they travel on — These trees were planted by Appleseed John." Such is the productive character of some of these trees, that one on the farm of John Ins- keep has been known to bear as many as sixty bushels of apples in one year. Death, the inexorable iconoclast, found its first victim in Henry Jones, known through- out the settlement as Grandfather Jones, in March, 1810. His body was interred in the Quaker graveyard. The first marriage was that of "William Euans and Rachel Stokes, which occurred in 1811. The Indians loved this locality with all the passion of their race, and often, after having been driven from its sylvan fastnesses, they would wander back in obedience to a law — innate, higher than instinct — that of love for home and childhood associations. Previous to the war of 181'^, the Indians were much more numerous than the whites, and were warlike. The steady and aggressive push of the whites had driven them to desperation, which only succumbed at the defeat on the Maumee bj^ Mad Anthony Wayne, and sunk out of sight upon the death of Tecumseh, in the battle of the Thames. The tribes repre- sented in this locality were the Shawnees, Mingoes, Wyandotts, Dela wares and Potta- watamies, of which the latter seemed the most offensive, and were distinguished from all the other tribes by their complexion being of a darker hue. As a necessary consequence, the pioneers never felt safe with the Indians within striking distance, and when the discouraging news of Hull's surrender reached this lo- cality; when the alarm was sounded that the Indians w.re massacring all alono- the r|® ii-py 17 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. border; when Procter's threat, that he would march to Chillicothe, became kiuiwn — the ut- most terror prevailed, and a nuniher of block- houses were built in anticipation of a speedy and sudden attack. But this did not occur, and the Indians tliat came to the settlement after the war of 1812, were generally friendly. They entered the .settiement for the purpose of trading, and did so while on their way to and from the Indian towns at the north to tiioir eornlields south on the Darbj' Plains. Their articles of barter consisted of skins, furs, moccasins, etc., but generally they had beautiful worked baskets, made of many colored stripes, taken from the box-alder. These baskets they filled with cranberries, which latter could be bought for fifty cents a bushel. They generally received in exchange iiieal, potatoes, salt, and, under some circum- st-inces, whisky. The squaws, as a rule, did all the work, and the perseverance ami inge- nuity manifested by them is still retained in ih(! stories of pioneer times. Zane Township is celebrated for its maple sugar camps, but the Indians made sugar in this localitj' long before the white man had learned of its value, and, even after the country became settled, they would return to the camp for this purpose. The Sfpuiws, of course, did all the work, and their manner of proceeditig was as follows: To tiip the tree they struck an underhand lick with a S(|u;iw-hatchet, which ax is de- scribed as having an eye like an old-fashioned wceiling hoe, a long blade, and weighed gen- erally from one and a half to two pounds. Tliev then would sjilit long, thin strips of wood, eight or ten inches long, and drive them into the split in the tree, so that the sap would run into the elm liark troughs. Tliise tniuglis were nuide as follows: Finding a tree of the proper dimensions, they would cut round the trunk, in length about thn-e feet, and peeling it off would trim it with their butcher kniv^'S so thin that it became pliable. They would then gather or pucker the ends, so that, by the bulging of the middle, a trough would be formed. They woukl then tie up the ends with elm bark string. To keep the middle from coming together, when the bark began to dry, a cross-stick was placed in the inside. These troughs were generally made in the Sjiring and placed in a shanty to dry, so that thej- would be ready for the ensuing year. The shanties were also constructed by the women, and consisted of a framework of poles upon which was placed a covering of elm bark. These shanties were very durable and were seen standing many j-eai-s after the Indians had left the locality. Samuel War- ner related an incident of seven squaws cut- ting down a large forest oak, and the only implements used were three of these squaw hatchets. The work, it is said, took them seven days and they never left the work day or night, and when the tree was felled, eleven coons compensated theiu for their labor and saved them from starvation. Altliougli the Indians were generally friendly, the following incident shows that the settlers had to be ever upon the alert: When Samuel Warner was ten years of age, he, in company with his brother David, was one day sent by his father to attend to a charcoal heap, that the latter was burning, when a renegade Indian, known as Inilian .lohn, and a rej)uted thief and dan- gerous man, came suddeidy upon them, and, without saying a word, drew from the pocket of an old overcout, which he had on, a piece of tangled rope, which he immediately began to untangle, meanwhile approaching the boys, lielieving his suspicious movements boded no good, Sam dispatched his brothrr to tiie house, which was at quite a distance, for their father, while he continued to rake up the dirt on the heap, determining to do his best with the W'Av iron rake which he was using, while ho contrived to move away Irom the Indian, who followed around after him, leisurely T _3\^>- HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 473 unwinding th(yrope. Suddenly the father came breathlessly running, and John slipped the rope into his pocket, denying that he had one. The father, warning the Indian against another such a visit, told him to make off, which he did, and was never seen in the settlement again. xVfter the war of 1812, the Indians did not appear in this locality in great numbers, and soon ceased to come only at great intervals, finallj' disappearing altogether. The Wyan- dotts, who had a reservation at what is now Upper Sandusky, were the last to leave, and the ruins of their old mission church can yet lie seen in that town. As has been noticed above, there were nu- merous deerlicks in this locality, and to these licks deer in great numbers used to repair. Joseph Curl had a terrible encounter with a wounded buck near one of these licks. Hav- ing shot the animal, and supposing also that he had killed it, he went up to it for the pur- pose of sticking it, when the buck suddenly sprang to its feet and charged Curl, trying to impale him upon his antlers, which he only avoided by dodging around a tree. For a time the battle seemed in favor of tiie animal, but at last, by a lucky stab, Curl disabled him, and finally killed him. In all probabil- ity, if the buck had not been badly wounded at the start, he would have been more than a match for his antagonist. So plentiful wore the deer that Samuel Warner relates that he has killed as many as three in ten minutes, without leaving his tracks, while wild turkeys could be shot any time from the door of the cabin. The pioneers, as a general rule, were men of great strength, agility and endurance. One of Joseph Curl's sons, Marion, was noted for his fleetness and agility. It is stated on the best of authorit\r that he has been known to jump fifty feet on a level in what is known as a hop, skip and jump. In bravery he was surpassed by none. He was killed in the war, but, like Col. Bowie at the Alamo, it was not \intil seven of his assailants had been killed that he was compelled to succumb to superior numbers. The home of the famous Simon Kenton was in this township when it included Zanes- field, and even after the division he used to frecpiently be seen in this locality. He re- lated to Samuel Warner that once, when a captive among the Indians, ho picked up a papoose and threw it into a kettle of boiling hominy, and in the excitement that ensued made good his escape. On the 2nd day of June, 181G, an alarm was sounded through the settlement in Zano Township that the little son of James Curl, aged seven years, had been lost in the woods. At this late day the alarm of a lost child will produce consternation, but words cannot de- pict the e-xcruciating agony that was conveyed in those two words when this country was a wild(>rness, and the g-reat forest heard only the tread of wild beasts — knew no track but tiie Indian war trail. Tlii^ child, in company with two of his elder brotiiers, had gone into the woods for the purpose of hunting wild gooseberries. His two brothers, grovving tired, returned home, leaving him to follow; but he, continuing' his hunt, soon wandered so far that he was unable to find the trail back to his fathers cabin. Night came on, and the little waif took refuge in a tree-top. The next day he wandered forth, his only food being wild gooseberries and wild onions. Toward evening he laid down, and was visited by two animals, supposed to have been wolves, but they did not molest him. From this time on until the eighth day he wandered through the woods, subsisting on the wild berries that he could find, while the only pro- tection that he had against the wild beasts was his innocency and little hands. He said, in relating his adventure, that one day a large black, woolly dog came up to him, and 474 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. he put his hands on it and petted it. No doubt, this dog was a black bear. All the settlers, in the meantime, had turned out, but, as day after day went by and no trace of him was discovered, the parents, in despair, bo^. 476 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. The winter of 1809 is spoken of as one of most uncommon mildness, and the sugar sea- son wliich followed was a failure, many not opening their camps. Two murders occurred in this township which occasioned a lyroat deal of excitement. The first was the killing of Capt. D. S. Nor- viel bv Waller Marshall, Jr., at Israel Pool's, in Mi'ddlehurg, on July 18, 18CS. The par- ties, having become parties to a suit, repaired tliither for tlie purpose of settling their diffi- culties. During a scuffle between Marshall and another man, Capt. Norviel attempted to wrest a knife which Marshall had drawn for the purpose of striking his antagonist, and in the melee that ensued received a stab in the breast from which he died in a few minutes. Marshall was subsequently tried and acquitted on the ground of self-defense. On the 30th of April, 1878, there occurred in this town- ship one of the most shocking and deplorable tragedies that have ever occurred in the his- tory of this county. It was the killing of George W. Rockwell, Deputy SherifiF of Lo- gan County, by Amos Inskecp. The promi- nence of lioth the jiarties, the especial regard in which the family of the latter (one of the oldest and must respectable in the county), together witli the fact that Ins- keep himself was a very talented and edu- cated man, who had cultivated himself in a broad anil lil)eral manner, giving especial attention tii the investigation of subjects of a scientilic nature, made the alTair one of pe- culiar sadness. The circumstances in brief were these: A judgmi-nt had been rendered in favor of Sln.Tman a;.'ainst Inskee]i, on a libel suit, and a posse of ofTicers had repaired to the farm of Inskecp for the jiurpose of levying on chattels to satisfy the claim. They were warned off by Inskeep with throats, llockwell, ]>ursuant to his olTicial nvithority, was leading some horses from tlie stable when Inskeep shot him with a rifle, from the effect of which he died in a few hours. Inskeep was arrested at Plain City, as he said on his way to make a requisition on Gov. Bishop for a company of soldiers to protect his property, taken to Bellefontaine and indicted for mur- iler in the first degree. In December, 1878, he was tried, and after thirty days the case was given to the jury. After a consultation of seventy-two hours they were unable to agree, it is said being equally divided as to insanity and murder in the second degree, and were discharged. By a change of venue he was again tried in Se])tcniber, 1ST!), in Marysville, Union County, first as to his pres- ent insanity, and, notwithstanding the fact that as far back as 1858 he had exhibited signs of mental derangement anil had been adjudged insane by the Probate Court of Lo- gan County, he was found by the court sane enough to be tried. In November, while waiting for trial, he broke jail and returned to his farm, a distance of twelve miles, where he remained about three months. He was rearrested, tried on his indictment, found guilty of murder in the second degree, and sentenced to the Penitentiary for life, where ho is now incarcerated. He was ably de- fended by the lion. T. E. Powell, of Dela- ware, and Judge P. B. Cole, of Marysville, while Judge William West and S. L. Price as ably assisted the Prosecuting Attorney. The costs of the various suits, aside from the judgment for damages in favor of Rockwell's widow, amounted to between *1G,000 and |;1 7,000. T\w first mills were hand affairs, consisting of a block of wood about three feet long and eighteen inches in diameter, in one end of wiiich a iiole was made by successive burn- ings, so that it would iiold a quantity of corn, which was reduced to hominy or meal by a hand i)estle. An improveuKMit on tlie latter part was a sweep, not unlike an old-fashioned well-sweep, into one of which was inserted HISTORY OF LOGA?^ COUNTY. 479 an upright piece, to which an iron wedge was attached to pound the corn, while the other end of the sweep was made last. This was ciperat- ed by two persons. The first grist-mill was built by Job Sharp, and was the first in Logan County. It was erected in 1803, and was the rudest kind ol' a corn-cracker. The lower stone was a nigger-head, and the upper a limestone, which latter, being soft, wore rapidly, and did very inferior work. A few years later, finding a flat "nigger-head," about two feet in diameter, and six or eight inches thick, by working several daj-s he succeeded in drilling a hole through the same, and in 1807 rebuilt the mill by substituting lor the brush and pole-covering a building with a clapboard roof and [luncheon sides. After this, they did some custom work. Previous to this im- provement, the capacity of the mill was about one bushel of corn in twenty-four hours; now they could grind as many as four bushels per day, and frequently several bags of corn could be found in the mill at one time. This mill, which has not been standmg within the memory of the oldest inhabitant, is known only by tradition. There was no dam, but the water-wheel, which was about eight feet in diameter, was fed from two races, the re- mains of which arc seen at this dav, leadino- from two strong springs in different direc- tions, and were united, flowing through a pen- stock consisting of a poplar log, into the wheel. The first flouring-mill in the township was that built by John Garwood, at what is now East Liberty, in Perry Township, which was a part of Zane until 1831. It was used first as a corn-mill, and not for grinding wheat until 1812. Previous to this the settlers were compelled to go for flour to King's Creek, in what is now Champaign County. The mill gave the village which sprang up around it the name of Garwood's Mills. The first flour- ing-mill in what is now Zane Township was built about 1821:, by Caleb Ballinger, and was a one-storj' affair, about 25x30 feet, with one run of buhrs. This was purchased in 1831, by David and Daniel Eicher, and sub- sequently- remodeled. It was entirely rebuilt in 1856, and is now one of the best in the county. Previous to the war of 1812, the only lumber was sawed out by hand, and Joshua Antrim, in his history of Champaign and Logan Counties, relates that the lumter for the double log house now standing on the old Sharp farm, and built in 1S07, Wiis sawed by a whip-saw. Puncheons split from logs, and worked down by hand, were mostly used. ]Mrs. Mary Reams has a cradle, made by John Garwood, in 1807. The boards w(>re split from a walnut log, worked down by hand as smooth as if sawed, and then dovetailed to- gether. Tho first saw-mill was erected about 1815, b\- Joshua Inskeep, on Mill Branch, and soon after, during a freshet, floatinl away. Tho second was made fast to a stum]), and when the rains descended, and the floods came, it stood. This was followed by what was known as the Stratton Mill, on the same creek, a little above the Inskeep mill. The next saw- mill was built by Jose H. Garwood, in 1831, and is the only site of the throe now occupied. The first steam saw-mill was intro- duced in this part of Ohio, and was built in Middleburg, in the winter of 1833 and 1834, by Brattany and Sellers, and was occupied about 18G5, by Chesher & Son, as a bucket factory. Col. Joel Haines established a woolen factory on his farm, about one mile sdutheast of Middleburg, in the year 1840. He subsequently converted it into a chair factory. The first distillery in the township was started a short distance from Middleburg, in 1835, by John Hellings, who manufactured peach and apple brandy and subsequently whisky. Here W. iL Hellings, now one of the most ardent supporters of the temperance cause, learned the mysterious art of distilling. "*^(5 480 inSTOUY OF LOGAN COUXTY. The first tannery was started in 1808 by Daniel Garwood, on iiis farm, about two miles soutliL'fist of the present village of Mid- dleburff. lie also built the first brick house; date of the same, 1818. It is said that sand was so scarce that they were compelled to mix ashes with the lime to make mortar. The first frame house was built by .lames Stokes in IS'.'O, and was considered quite a curiosity. Such was the hospitality of the people of this section that taverns were not a necessity among them. It was not until 1833 that Ashor Lyon opened an inn for tlio trav- eling public, in wliat is now a shingle factory in the town of Middleburg. The Indian trails through this township leading from Franklinton, now part of Co- luml)us, came up tlie Big Darby to Garwood's Mills, now East Liberty, by way of the site of Eicher Mill and the Springs on the old Sharp fann, which the Indians frequently visited, and which was a favorite camping- ground with them. In early times there were no roads except bridle paths; hence, we find the residences on tlie oldest improved farms off the road, beside some spring or some other natural advantage. This is so striking that strangers wo\dd scarcely suppose this township iidiabited, so few of the residences being seen from the roads. The first road was that from Garwood's Mills to L'rliana, and was laid out by John Garwood, Jr., as early as 1815. This was followed by one from Mil- ford to Zanesfield. The Zanesfield and Co- lumbus pike, extending from the Unibn County line to the head of the .Marnuui Val- ley, a distance of six and one-third miles, was begun August 12, 18G7, and finished in 1878, and cost, exclusive of bri postoffice was removed to Middle- burg, and kept by Dr. John Elbert, Jr., and went by the name of Elbert Postoffice. The name was finally changed to West Middle- burg. The village of Middleburg was laid out, and the plat recorded May 24, 1832. It is located on Survey 3,155. Columbus street runs cast and west through the center, and Urbana street north and south, also through the center. All thi; lots west of Urbana street were on the land of Levi Grubbs, and all the lots east of said street on the land of Williiim Grubbs. James W. Marnion was the County Siuveyor. At this time there was a small store kept by Klias D. Gabriel and one or two other buildings. Soon after the frame store building, now a part of the store room of T. J. Ilellings, was erected, and was followed by otiier residences and shops, until quite a village grew up. Two of its early citizens figured prominently in its rise and progress. The first was Arthur e'rillield, who came here soon after it was laid out. lie was a man of uncommon energy and more than ordinary talent. He was a minister of ^ our HISTORY OF LOGAN" COUNTY. 481 the Disciple, Churcii, and his progressive spirit is evinced in his starting in April, 1836, a newspaper, called The T'eojyle's Palladium^ and the Union, Hardin, Allen and Logan County Advertiser. The editing and type- setting for some time vras wholly done by him. T. Chesher has in his possession a copy of an issue dated Juh', 1836, in which he hoists the name of Martin Van Buren as can- didate for President. The terms of tlio paper were |!2.00 a year in advance, and $2.50 if not paid in six months, and S3.00 if not paid for until the end of the year. Various kinds of country produce were taken in exchange, if delivered at the office. His paper was sub- sequently changed to a religious monthh', and called the '■'■Heretic Detector," and was finally moved to Cincinnati. The second man prom- inent in the history of this township and section was Edward Allen, who came to the township about 1833, and opened a store with an uncle, named AVorrell, about one mile northwest of the village, where he soon after failed. Ho subsequently opened a store in Middleburcr, where, by his prudence and energy, and strict attention to business, he built up an enormous trade, covering a radius of twenty-five miles. He dealt largely in hardware, as well as gen- eral merchandise, adding to his business that of beef and pork packing and shipping. He is spoken of as a very exact and honest man. Starting with a few hundred dollars, in the short space of ten years he had accumulated forty or fifty thousand dollars. The tax on his strength was too great and his mind gave away under it. One morning, in 1851, he was found hanging to a tree near a neighl)orinff town, but as to whetlier he committed suicide or was fouljr dealt with, is a mooted question. Many best acquainted with the circvinistances arc strong in the latter belief. The location of a land office at Lima sent a great amount of travel througli the village and several tav- erns sprang up with their usual concomitants of loafers and whisky, and for a number of years Middleburg was noted for the lawless character of those who were accustomed to congregate here, and death, in one instance at least, is attributed to one of their drunken carousals. At one time the bar-keepers were greatly surprised by the visit of the State In- spector, who, on e.xamination, found all the casks of liquor adulterated except one, and ordered their contents poured into the street. A division of the Order Sons of Temperance was organized here on June 17, 1848, and a lodge of Good Templars in 1855, which dis- banded only when the local necessitv of such an organization had ceased. For the jjast nineteen years the village has been noted for its sobriety and the high moral character of its citizens, and was wholly without a saloon, except in a single instance, and in this case the saloon-keeper was prosecuted with so nuich vigor, that he was glad to leave. A flourishing Grange was maintained here for several j'ears, and was only disljanded when the general object for whicli the Order had been instituted had been attained. There is yet alive an active brani'h of the Order in the southwest part of the township, known as Jericho Grange, No. 277, and was established December 19, 1873, with George Creviston, Master; Isaac M. Sharp, Steward; .1. "W. Stokes, Secretary. The present membership is eighteen and the present officers are W. I. Bishop, Master; Orville Stokes, Steward; T. J. Creviston, Secretary. Maple Grove Grang-e, No. 460, was instituted May 27, 1874, near Mt. Moriah Church. The first Master was David Alexander; Treasurer, Job Bishop; and Secretary, Henry Bishop. The present officers are Master, John R. Wilson; Treasurer, Job Bishop; and Secretary, Henry Bishop. Mid- dleburg contained, according to the census of 1880, a population of 272. It has two general stores, one drug store, one carriage factorv, two blacksmith shops, two shoo shops, one ^. ® i_ ^ 482 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. saddler}^ sho]j, one shingle factory, one pottery and tile factory. The latter enterprise was started about 1850, to meet the great demand for sugar crocks, and is carried on at present by tlie Marquis Brothers. The town also contains a fine township house, built in 1879, at a cost of ^1,750, and including the furnish- ing §2,250. It is a frame structure, the upper part of which is a hall, while the lower part is used in part for holding elections and trans- acting other township business. There is also a very fine hotel in the town, now under the efficient management of Col. Joel Haines, un- derlying which is a thick vein of limestone of which there is a fine quairy near. The town is on an eminence, and great difficulty is ex- perienced in finding a supply of water. Re- cently Nelson Devore sunk a shaft to the depth of ninety-six feet, over seventy-five of which was through solid limestone before striking a good flow. A few years !igo the en- terprising citizens of the village placed a hy- draulic rain in one of the springs on the old Sharp farm, about half a mile distant from the town, and now a good supply of water is forced through pipes up into the central jiart (if till- town, where it i)oins a refreshing stream sufficient to supply all the citizens. The first church was that of the Friends, built about half a mile northeast of the pres- ent town of Middleburg, and was built about 1805. It was a double log structure, with puncheon floor. This was occupied until after 1825, but was finally abandoned. Tiiere the first school was taught, and in the graveyard adjoining the first bvirial wa.s made. The oldest grave-stone now to be found is that of Esther, wife of John Garwood, and bears date 20th day of the 12th month, 1811. It is a himplo sandstone slab. Col. Haines, when a boy, acted as eexton, and, time after time, kindled the charcoal fire on the brick hearth that iiicupied the centre of the church. The remuneration that he got was 25 cents for several months' work. This structure was also occupied at times by the Methodists, un- til they built a church of their own, about (ughteen feet square, at what was known as Inskeep"s niill-dain. This hitter church was built about the time of the war of 1812. This church was on what was known as the !Mad liiver Circuit, and had preaching on week-day. Meetings were held otice in si.\ weeks. This church was used as a place of worship until about 1830, when it was used for a short time bj' the Protestant Methodists. The third church erected was that of the Methodist Episcopal, and was known as the Mt. iloriah Church, and its building dates 1829. It was a hewed log structure, built by voluntary contributions of labor. The first members were Dr. .lohn Elbert and wife, .John Inskeep and wife, Thomas Hallingerand wife, . Joseph Euans and wife, Benjamin Weatherby and wife, Allen Sharp and David Sharp; the latter, in all probability, was the first minis- ter. This b\ii!(litig was succeeded, in 1S54, by a brick structure, which cost §1,225. This edifice was liurned in a very mysterious man- ner, at midnight, August 24, 1874. How the fire originated was never definitely known, but was generally supposed to have been set on fire. It was rebuilt, however, the follow- ing year, at a cost of iSl ,425. and was furnished at an outlay of some §300 more. In April, 18G0, a severe storm unroofed it and blew in a gable end, which necessitated an aiulitional outlay of *!350. There is adjoining the cluirch a graveyard, where sleep the early mem- bers of this church. The first interment was that of Mary, wife of John Painter, early in 1828, and in the same year she was followed by Samuel Sharp. Mt. Moriah Church now has a membership of about thirty. The Pastor is Rev. C. T. Wells. A Sunday school has been maintained in its connection since 1850, with i an average attendance of about twenty thodist Episcopal Church, who severed their connection with the parent church for the purpose of estal)lishing the Methodist Protestant Church. The Christian Church at Middleburg followed next, being erected in 183.5, and was the first frame church built in the township. It was the only church of this denomination within fifty miles, and Arthur Criffield was the first minister. The cost of the structure was about §400. The present building, a frame structure, was erected in 1870, at a cost of $3,200, completely fur- nished. It was dedicated by the Rev. N. A. Walker. The present membership is about seventy-five, and is now without a regular pastor. Connected with the church is a Sab- Ijatli school, with an attendance of about sixty- five. This is under the superintendency of William A. Ballinger. The Methodist Pro- testant Church was built in the town of Mid- dleburg in 1836, at a cost of about 81,200, and was a frame structure. The membership consisted largeh" of those who had been prom- inent in the Methodist Episcopal Church. The old church at Inskeep's Mill was used a short time by the new organization, when they decided to build a structure far eclipsing anj'thing of the kind in the vicinity. The prime movers were those who had figured prominent- ly in the early history of the township — name- ly, Capt. Joseph Euans and John and Joshua Inskeep. Both Euans and .loshua Inskeep had saw-mills, and contributed largely to the building. It is said that Joshua Inskeep, who was a man of most remarkable pluck, con- tributed more than half the funds to build it. The building, however, was on a more elaborate scale than the times and Condition of the congregation demanded, and as a con- sequeiice was never finished, but continued to be used until a smaller one was built, when it was sold, and is now used as a carriage fac- tory by Eurcm Carpenter. The present Meth- odist Protestant Church was built in 1873. It is a substantial frame, surmounted by a bel- frj-, containing an excellent bell, and cost, when finished, 81,650. It was dedicated by Rev. P. T. Johnson, and the first minister was Rev. A. C. Hall. It has a membership now of about seventy-five, and a Sunday school the year round of about sixtj'-five scholars. J. W. Young is the Superintendent. Union Chapel is situated in the southwest- ern part of the township on the line of 5Ion- ro3 Township, and was organized September 1, 1S74, and was dedicated November 32, 1874, with Rev. J. M. Robinson, Pastor. The church was formed by a part of the member- ship of the old Salem Church, one mile and a half below, in Monroe Township, when the latter was abandoned as. a place of worship. The original members were: Elizabeth Stuart, N. M. Stuart, Catharine Stuart, Jane Sharp, J. M. Sharp, Catharine Sharp, T. W. Haines and Phebe Haines. The church cost, includ- ing tho furnishing of same, 82,200, and both the church and Sabbath school are in a flourish- ing condition. The membership is about sixty, and the Sabbath school about the same number. The present Pastor is John S. Pumphrey. The Superintendent of the Sab- bath school is James S;^amon. The first schoolhouse w-as located near Joshua Inskeep's. It was a log building of the rudest sort, with puncheon floor and huge fire-place, with greased pajDer pasted over an 484 HISTOKY OF LOGAN COUNTY. aperture, as a substitute fur glass. Here pre- sided, as first teacher, William Seger, who is iiientioiied among the earliest settlers. "A man severe he was, and stern to view. Well harl the bodinpr tremblers learned to trace The day's disasters in his moniing face." Here nearly all the youth, in what is now Z;uie Township, attended school in that day and learned to read by means of Webster's Speller, the Testament and Columbian Ora- tor, or were instructed in the mysteries of figures by the aid of Pike and the Western Calculator. This, however, was burned, and was s\icceeded by a frame in 1820, far in ad- vance of its times ; the spaces between the studding are said to have been filled -with bi'iclc laid in cla^' mortar. Here Edward Watt was the firet teacher. The first brick school was built on what is ihe pike leading from North Lewisburg to Middlcburg, and is noted as being the firs' house in wiiich a stove was used. Here, also, for the first time, the study of geography' was introduced in 1838, Hiram Garwood being the first jjupil in that branch. The township now contains six sub-districts, in five of which are substantial frame schoolhouses, while in the village there is a fine two-story building, erected in 1874, at a cost of about ^2,700. The two lower rooms of this building are oc- cupied by the schools of the village district, while the upper part, built by the township, is open to pupils from all the districts. The schools of Zane Township are above average, and employ female teachers usually in the sub-districts, at an average salary of about S38 per month, continuing from seven to eight months in the year. In the township school, a good male teacher is employed, for six months in the year, at a salary of about $47 per month. «u. V ^"I 9 [v _^! ® HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 4So CHAPTER XYl* HARKISON TOWNSHIP— INDIANS— SETTLEMENT— PIONEER SCHOOLS— CHURCHES— ETC. " Their ax-strokes rang 'mid forcsis deep, Their cabins rose in every glade ; With freedom wild, their pulses heat — Those fearless souls, the truly brave. Our domains then, a wildcring wild, Of savage haunt and tangled wood, AVhcre roamed unfettered nature's child. And forests grand, in beauty stood." —Crotcell. I ESS th.an sovciity years ago tlie ter- J ritory constitutiiir of Alexander O. Spencer, who ■was the origituil purchaser of a great ])ortion of the lands in this jiart of r .HISTORY OF LOGAX COU^"TY. 487 the township. The next owner of the lands surrounding this body of water was Wdliam a Denison, who made a third, and, it is hoped, final change in tlTe name. Silver Lake seems an appropriate designation. It is chieflj^ val- uable by reason of the many thousand tons of ice annually gathered from its bosom. The pioneer settler in Harrison Township was James McPherson, a native of Carlisle, Cuml)erland Co., Penn., who, with a family consisting of a wife and four children, arrived during the fall of 1811. He camped near the site of the present Infirmary building of Lo- gan County, and setting ininiediatcly to work, he soon completed a comfortable log cabin near by, and here, solitary and alone, this family passed their first winter in the wilder- ness. The subsequent summer, incident to the war with England, a commodious block- house was erected a few rods west of Mc- Pherson's cabin by a company of Hangers under command of Capt. HinUson. This was called the "McPherson block-house." A few months later a like structure was completed by Capt. James Manary's company, from Ross County. The site of this building veas upon an elevation, perhaps one-half mile southeast of McPherson's. Here, in these two strongholds, the settlers from the sur- rounding country souglit shelter at intervals until the cessation of hostilities. James McPherson's purchase consisted of GOO acres of land, embracing and contio-- uous to what is now the Infirmary Farm, and in his home, erected near his first log cabin, he spent the remaining years of his life. His was an eventful life. Captured by the Indians at Loughry's defeat, near the mouth of the Big Miami River, he was kept a prisoner until after Wayne's treaty in 1795. Returning to civilization, he located in Penn- sylvania, where he remained until his re- moval to Logan County. Subsequently to the close of the war he was appointed Indian Affent, and remained in charjje of the Shawuees and Senecas at Lewistown until 1830. He was afterward appointed Associate Judge of Logan County, in which capacity he continued for several years. The next settler in Harrison was, without doubt, George Blaylock, a native of Georgia, who began his lonely, hermit-like existence here, in tlie early spring of 1812. It was generally believed that this singular person was a member of an extensive gang of counterfeiters and thieves, who infested this country at thai time, from the Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, but as nothing could be found against him by way of positive proof, ho went his way unmolosted,.shunned by, and shunning society. He eventually removed to a small hunter's cabin on the borders of an inland lake, now a portion of the Lewistown reservior, and there died, " unhonored and un- Am«//." Many, incidents illustrating his pe- culiarities are related, Ijut as their publication can serve no good purpose, they are omitted. At about the same date, or at least early in the War of 1812, James Reed settled on a farm in the southwest corner of Section 6. Two sons-in-law, named Durham and Lewis, located in the vicinity. Robert Caseboalt, a local preacher of the Methodist E|)iscopal faith, came next, and to him belongs the honor of organizing the first religious society in the township. A man named Stansbury lived for a time near Manary's block-house, and after- ward settled on the border of the lake. An- other family named Tucker occupied a little cabin on Section 5. The unsettled condition of affairs for several years subsequent to the close of the war prevented immigration into Harrison, and it was not until as late as 1820 that settlement began in earnest. Among the later settlers are, George Heath, Michael Carnes, Thomas Sutherland, Stephen Hoyt, Samuel Carter, Michael Smith, John Houtz, James M. Kaufinian, John Horn, the Schulers, and possibly others now forgotten. The tide Td-V' jil 4S8 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. of iinmiiTiitioii from tliisperiod flowed steadily oinvanl, rude log cabins dotted the hillsides, trails were cut out, improved and became roads. The small " clearings" gradually in- creased in size, and needed industries came to the front. On Buckongehelas Creek, on lands now- owned by George Horn, a small log grist-mill was built, so many years since that no one re- members much of it, and no vestige now remains. A small log distillery was built in the same recion, and at about the same time. It was not a success. In about 1830 a colony of Germans, of whom George ^^'alpers was the leading spirit, erected a distillery and a small grist-mill on Blue Jacket Creek. After several years of active operation these manu- factories were allowed to go into decay. John Iloutz, in 1821, erecteil a saw-mi'l on Blue Jacket Creek — the first frame mill in the township. The only manufactories now in the township are the grist and saw-mills owned by Frederick Kaylor. They were built by Dani<-1 .Shawvcr. Perhaps no township in Logan County excels Harrison in its high- ways. The first was an im])rovcment of "IIulTs Trace," which ran in a northwest di- rection through the township, passing the bioi'k-houses. At this time a system of grav- eled turnjiikcs pass through the towi.ship at convenient distances. It has also two lines of niiiroads. The first of these is the Cincin- nati, Sandusky & Cleveland Kailroad, which passes across the nortlie.asl corner of the township. The Cleveland, ('oluml)us, Cin- cinnati & Indianapolis liailroad passes through the southwest part of the township, a short distance north of Silver Lake. Gretna Sta- tion, on this road, is what its name indicates, and tlie nearest approach to a village with which liie township has ever been threatened. A-ide Ironi thi' necessary railroad buiidings, this JKunlet contains nothing except a gro'/ery and a postollice. The hitter was established in the spring of 1879, with Adam Hover, Postmaster. The pioneer mercantile estab- lishment was under the manasrement of James McPherson, who kept a small stock of goods at the block-house, under Government pat- ronage. He continued in business until the departure of the Indians for the West, since when nothing of the kind has had an exist- ence until a recent date. It is a fact worthy of remark that in all pioneer settlements, so soon as the cabin was made comfortable, the small tract of forest cleared away, and the first crop of corn plant- ed, a log building would be rolled up, the children gathered together and a school estab- lished. Our pioneer colony was no exception to the rule. Soon after the close of the war a log cabin was put up at or near the site of the present schoolhouse, in sub-District num- ber three. It was a primitive building in- deed, puncheon floor and door, and clap- board roof. The entire rear end of the build- ing was occii]iied by the fire-place, and even then it was necessary to build the ehimnej' out-of-doors. The light was admitted by means of a window in each side of the house, made by cutting out the half of two logs nearlv the entire length of the building. Sticks were placed in the opening, over which oiled or greased i)apcr was fastened. Along each window was a rough board, rcsiing on wooden pins driven into the logs. This was the desk at whii'h the larger scholars sat while writing. The seats were s])lit slabs supported by wooden legs. In this manner the schoolhouses were built for a number of years in the early settlement. The first term taught in this building was by Isaac IMyers, an cxcelh'nt teacher by the way, who h-.d butone fault and that was an ungovernable apjielite for whiskv; as often as once each month he would quit school anil go on a " regnlar spree," as our informant puts it. Aft( r a innnbcr of (':ivs spent in hrastlv intoxi<-aficin ho would ^. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXT\. 4S0 resume school again The following are some of the pupils of this school: Margaret, Maria, and Anna Smith, James and John Hill, Henry McPherson, Peter Powell, Alexander Long, Silas ^loorehouse, James Reed and James Roberdi. A second term was taught in this house by a man named Scott. The south part of the township was without a school- house until about 1830, when a hewed log- house was l)uilt on John Roger's land. In this Sebastian Keller taught a term of school during the winter of 1830-31. Fol- lowing is the report of the Board of Educa- tion for the year ending August 31, ISi'J: whole number of scholars, 329; whole amount paid teachers, Slj-iTG; numlx^r of school- houses, 7; value with grounds, §3,000. Early in the formation of the permanent settlement, subs(-quent to the close of the war. Rev. Robert Casebolt, held meetings at the cabins of the settlers, and as early as ISio a small class was formed at the pioneer school- house. Of this pioneer organization the writ- er has been unable to gain any definite data. In about 1830 a class was formed at the house of il. O. A^'ood, Esq. It was composed in part of M. O. Wood and wife, Thomas Powell and famih-, Joseph Peach and wife, and Joseph Gordon and wife. This class was attached to Bellefontaine Circuit, and in time acquired a numerous membership, but deaths and re- movals ensued until at last the class was dis- solved, the remaining members going to other churches. A small class meets at the Houtz schoolhouse, at this time, and this is the only organization of the Methodist Episcopal faith in the township. The only church edifice now within the limits of Harrison is that known as the "Flat Branch" Christian Church. This was erected during the summer of 1805, upon lands donated for the pin-pose by .James McPherson and Henry Buckwalter. It is a substantial wooden structure, and cost -S1,000. The society was formed the same summer by Rev. C. T. Emmons, now at West Liberty. The constituent members were John, William, Anderson and John W. Neer and wives, Henry Seymour and wife, and Henry Buck- waiter and wife. Meetings were held, a short time prior to the completion of the church, in the schoolhouse on Section one. The pres- ent membershij) numbers twenty. The Pas- tors who have presided over this church are C. T. Emmons, Jesse T. Hunt and Joseph D. Marsh. A Sunday S.-hool.was held in connec- tion with this church for a few years. Another Christian Society (the Meimoniles) meets in this edifice. The organization of this society was effected in 1875, and it now numbers thirty members. The pul[iit is supplied by local talent. Near the County Infirmary building is an old grave-yard, which would seem to desiMve mention at our hands. Here are buried a goodly number of " native Americans," who died while under guard at the block-houses, and, also, within the same enclosure, sleep many whose once strong hands have helped to rescue these broad acres from the primeval forest. The first white interment here was a child of Mrs. Bennett, buried in ISlV*. The first white adult, whose remains wi>re con- signed to this lonely woodland burial place, was Joseph Smith — date 1830. The fune- ral services were conducted at the house of the deceased by Rev. — Lane, of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, at East Middlcburg. At this time there are numerous public and private cemeteries in the township. The Infirmary farm, containing IGO acres of land, and which is situated in sections 7 and 13, is fully described in another poition of this work. Being strictly an agricultural people, it is but natural that anything calculated to benefit the farmer should be generously patronized. Eaily in the winter of 1873-4 many prominent citizens of the township became interested t f 490 in^ORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. in the matter, and a charter was soon pro- I curetl autliorizing the organization of Harri- son Grunge, No. 378, Patrons of Husbandry, witli a constituent membership of twenty- nine. The society met for a time in the schoolhouse in sub-district No. 5. The fine hall, now occu])ied by this society, was erected during the summer of 1877. It is sit- uated on the Sidney turnpike, about one mile west of Bellefontaine, is two stories in height and cost §1,000. Present membership is eighty-five; regular meetings are held on Thursday evening of each week. The suc- cession of Masters is as follows: J. M. Porter, J. R. Norton, George E. Emer\', John F. Kay- lor and John S. Grary. The early records of Harrison Township having been destroyed, the writer is unable to give anj' data in reference to the organization, save that the township as at present bounded, was cut off from Lake Township in the year 1832. The township officers for 18S0 are: Conrad Moots, Absalom P. Conard and Thomas G. Ewing, Trustees; Henry W. Cord- rey. Clerk; Thomas J. Turner, Treasurer; W. D. McPherson, Assessor: D. S. Moots and J. S. Horn, Constables, and Thomas J. Turner and \V. D. McPherson, Justices of the I'uace. JV-- V. .m. 7]-j> r- -"« a HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 491 CHAPTER XVII. MONROE TOWNSHIP— DESCRIPTIVE AND TOPOGRAPHICAL— PIONEER HISTORY— EiRLY INDUS- TRIES — SCHOOLS — CHURCHES — VILLAGES, ETC. ri^MIAT portion of Logan County treated I of in this chapter is rich in historical lore, and teems -with that romance which lingers in mournful memories around the fated red man. Long before the Anglo-Sa.xon camo with his education, refinement and civ- ilization, tradition tells us, and it is borne out by historical record, that this valley was oc- cupied by another race of people, and the surrounding hills echoed with the busy hum of human life. How long they inhabited this region we are unable to say; what ab- original sage led them to this " land of prom- ise " is unknown to us. The Romans pre- served in consecrated temples lasting memo- rials of the founder of their empire, and the enlightened Greeks, availing themselves of the art of sculj)turc, perpetuated in marble the sages and heroes of their race; but here, no rude jivraniid of stone or " mis-shapen tomb," with traditional narratives transmitted by hereditary piety from age to age, inform- ing the unlettered savages of the gratitude they owed to the hero of their tribe, or the law-giver of their nation is found, to tell the exact period of time when they made this val- ley the last home of their own choosing. We know that a remnant of the once fierce and warlike tribe of Shawanoese were found here by the whites. Deprived of their hunting grounds elsewhere, they had been pressed backward, step b}' step, and .had commenced their sad and mournful journey towards the setting sun. But here they were not allowed to remain in security and r<'pose. Dark clouds were ffatherino- over them ominous of the comincr storm. White men were thirst- ing for their lands, and again they were forced to give way before his superior intelligence. Their council-fires paled in the growing dawn of the nineteenth century', and then went out forever in the Mad River Valley. Retreating before the advancing tide of immigration, they have passed away, and are swallowed up in the distant West. We find much in the Indian to loathe and condemn, and much, too, to admire and honor. Barbarians as they were, and savage by na- ture, yet it is universally true, that when they were treated honorably, as by William Penn, they never betrayed the confidence reposed in them. While admitting their savage cruel- ties, we should acknowledge the provocations were great, and that more civilized beings were often just as relentless as the Indians themselves. In a preceding chapter of this work; the Indian history is given in detail, and the towns and villages, known as the " Macka- chack Towns," which were once situated in this township, are fully and completely writ- ten, rendering anything that might be said in this chapter but a repetition of what has al- ready been given. It is there noted how Simon Kenton was captured by the warlike Shawanoese, and made to run the gauntlet in front of the towns of Mackachack, and many incidents related of this celebrated borderer. With this general reference to the subject, we will pass to the topography of this town- ship. Monroe Township lies in the extreme south part of the county, and in the east tier of townships but one. It is bounded on the J^ i±^ ■' ■192 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. north b\' JeftV-rson Townsliip, on the east by Zane Township, on the south by ChamiJaiocn County, on the \TCSt by Liberty Tovvnsl)ip, and is nearly five miles square. It was legally organizetl, March 5, 1822. On that day we find from the Commissioners' records that they ordered anew township to be surveyed, which was called Monroe. It was taken ofl" of the south end of Jeiferson, and the first election was ordered to be held at the house of Conrad Moots, on the first Monday in April, of the same year, for township officers. The svu'face of Monroe Township is nioio uneven than any otiier townslii]) in the county, perhaps, except Jefl'erson, much of it being broken and hilly, with few bottoms or vallej-s, and these small in extent. The hilly land is mostly lime- stone, with a claj' soil, and produces excellent frrazing, as well as fine crops of grain. The bottoms have a liKick loamy soil, and are highly productive. The principal production of the township is grain, though a number of farmers paj' considerable attention to stock, with good results. The timber is such as abounds in this section of tlie State, viz.: dif- ferent varieties of oak, hickory, elm, walnut, sugar-maple, etc. Sugar-maple is quite plenty, aTul a number of sugar orchards, or " camps," receive (kie attention each year, and produce large quantities of sugar and molasses. Tiio principal stream is Mad River, which enters on the north line near the center of the town- ship, and flowing in nearly a southwesterly direction passes out of the west line, a little south of the center. Mackachack Creek has its source in the townshiji, and also flows in a southwesterly course. It lias numerous small tributaries, which head in the township, and with the main stream drain the land well, without the aid of artificial means. Monroe Township is without any large towns or villages, but one small village being within its limits. No railroads cross its soil, nor any manufactories, other than mills, with their noisy niachiner3', are found here to dis- turb the quiet of its peaceful inhabitants. It is thoroughlj' an agricultural townsliip. The population of Monroe, by the census of 1840, was 1,203; in 1S.50, it was 1.330; in 1800, it was 1,111; in 1870, it was 1,372, and in 1880 it was l,30i. Schools and churches abound and the citizens rank high as moral, educated and refined people. Close in the wake of the retreating savages came the white people, and soon the pioneer's hut dotted the landscape where but recently the " wigwam blaze had beamed on the tender and helpless, and the council-fire had glared on the wise and daring."' The sound of the woodman's ax took the place of the Itulian's rifle, and his voice lifted in praise to God was heard where erst had echoed the savage's war-whoop. To whom the credit shmiid be given as the first settler of Monroe Township, is not known at the present da3'. Mr. Antrim, in his history of Champaign and Logan (\iun- ties, mentions the following names as among the early settlers, and gives thcydates apjiend- ed as the time of their settlement. How nearly correct it is, in every jiarticular, we are unable to say, and probably there is no one now liv- ing who can vouch for its perfect correctness. It is as follows: Robert Frakes, from Ken- tucky, in 1810; Nathan Gillilaiid, Irom Vir- ginia, in 1810; Samuel McColloch,* in 1803; Rev. George McColloch (liis son), in 1803; Thomas Athy, in ISO!) (was a drumtner in the war of 1812); Zebedee Raiidel, from New York, in 1810; George Moots, from Pennsyl- vania, in 1800; Conrad Moots, from same place, in 1800; Charles Moots from s.nme place, in 1809; George Green, from Kentucky, in 1810; 'Williain AVilliams, Henry AVillianis and Oliadiali ^VrlliaIlls, from A'iigiiiia, in 1814; .lacob .fohnsoii, from Kentucky, in 1811 (he had four sons who wore preachers); Jacob, •.Snnniel Mcrolkich wius n rcpre.«ciilntlvc In Ihc Legisla- ture' when Lognn was a pari of C'liaini>algii County. ^1 rW HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 493 John and William Paxton, brothers, came about 1814; Err Randel came in 1810; Nich- olas Pickerel, first Sheriff of Logan County, came in 1813; Henry Pickerel came in 1813. The above varies somewhat from the in- formation we have gathered in regard to the early settlement, but, nevertheless, may be substantially true. We will not presume to dispute any of the facts contained in it, but will give our information as we received it, leaving the reader to accept that which seems most likely to be correct. Many of the facts ^pertaining to the early settlement of the town- ship were received from " Uncle Jack " Enoch, a perfect walking encyclopoedia, and who has been familiar with the country since 1813, and knows whereof he speaks. .. — - Charles, Conrad and George Moots were brothers, but did not all come to Monroe Township at the same time. Charles came first — sometime previous to the war of 1812 — and with his wagon and team was in Hull's surrender at Detroit. He lived about a mile above where Donn Piatt now lives. Conrad came about 1813, and settled on a place which had been occupied by a squatter named Kace. George came in the spring of 1815, and was the last one of the three brothers to settle in the township. They wore Germans and came from Chillicothe here, but Mr. Antrim says they were original!}^ from Peinisylvania. They all died years ago, but George has two daughters living in the town of West Liberty, who are unmarried. Another daughter lives in Mingo, and another on the old homestead. A man named Soots, with two married sons and one that was single, came previous to 1812, and located on the place where Mr. Bradley now lives. Where they came from is not known, and after remaining a few years, they removed West. The fall of 1811 witnessed the arrival of Robert Smith. He came from the " Old Do- minion," and was a man of some prominence; at one time served as an Associate Judge of Logan County. A son, Robert, Jr., still lives in the township. The elder Smith built the first mill ever built on Mackachack Creek, about 1813. It was a small log structure, and used principally for grinding corn, but had a "hand bolt," and sometimes essayed wheat, though, as a flouriisg-mill, it was but a poor success. Zebedee Randel and his son. Err Randel, were among the very early set- tlers, but the elder Randel is long dead. Err Randel still lives just across the creek from where they originally settled. Benjamin Long came about 1814, and has a son still liv- ing in the township. Robert Frakes lived on the creek a little above Long. He was from Kentuckv, and came previous to 1812. In 1830 he removed to Michigan and from there went to Missouri, where he died j'cars ago. Nathan Gilliland was from Virginia and set- tled where Mr. Short now lives. He was a brother-in-law to Burnside, who was an early settler. He died of consumption, at Urbana, in 1825. He came to the township as early as 1813. The Williams brothers and Jacol) .Tohnson were also from Virginia. Obadiah Williams settled just above Gilliland, where he died many 3'ears ago. Johnson was here as early as 1012, and is long since dead. Daniel Pur- dy was a squatter, and came previous to 1812, and has been dead many years. George Green and his father, whose first name is for- gotten, were from Kentucky, and came prev- ious to 1812. Both are dead. The Paxtons were believed to have come from North Car- olina about 1814. There are descendants of them still living in the county, though the original pioneers are dead. Obadiah Howell was here previous to the w-ar of 1812. He had a son named Israel, and both died in this township years ago. Charles Fielder was also here before the war of 1812; he lived at the crossing of Mad River, at what was called the Vl^ M^ — «^ ^k 494 HISTORY OF LOGA>^ COUNTY. "State Bridge." He was a blacksmith by traJe, and af.erward followed it as a livelihood, and kept the first shop in tlic township. The old gentleman has been dead many years. He had a son named James — an only child, who died but a few years ago. Samuel Mc-Colloch settled about a mile from Fielder; he 'was an officer in the war of 1813, and had one arm oif above the elbow. He died soon after the close of the war. His son George now lives in Jeft'crson Township, and is said to be the old- est man living in this county. Solomon, a brother to Samuel, lived just above him, on the river. A man named Tittsworth was an old settler in the east part of the township, but of him little is known. Samuel Scott came from A'irginia about 1815, and settled in the southeast part of the township. Both he and his wife died on the place of original settle- ment. A man named Stotts, and another by the name of Cruiiian, were among the earliest settlers. The former settled where the widow Ncal now lives, and the latter on the place now occu]iicd by Estiuire John Kelley. • They are long since dead, and verv few now living remeudjer them, or are aware that.they ever lived in the township. William McDonald settled on Mad UiviT as early as 1812; he was from Kentucky, and has two sons still living on the old homestead. Henry Robin- son came about 1811; ho was an excellent man, and was an early Justice of the Peace. Both he and his wife died many years ago. J()Sf])h and Bc-iijamin Cox settled about 1813 -14; Joseph moved West at an early day, and Benjamin went to Fort Findlay, in Han- cock County, about 1818. Nicholas Robinson settled where John Hunt now lives about 1S14; ho had a brother nanied James, who livcil up near Frakes'. They were sipiattei-s, ! and are all long since dead. This comprises a list of the early settlers, so far as could l>e obtained. Many others came in about the time I^ngan County was or- ganized, but our space will not allow such ex- tended mention of the mere settlement, and other objects of interest claim our attention. The_ country was to be improved by the pio- neers and early settlers, the forests felled, cabins built to guard them against the inclem- encies of the weather and the encroachments of the wild beasts, and the erection of mills and the cutting out of roads. All this must be done by the settlers, in order that they might liv(> in comfort, if not in luxury. A short sketch of how the pioneer lived follows appropriately the settlement of the township. Says a writer on the ])ionecr history of th(> country: " The construction of log cabins and the manner of living in them, are worthy of remembrance, for they have so nearly gone out of date, that it will not be a great many years before the people will scarcely know what they were. They were generally con- structed of round logs, one story high, pov- crcd with clap-boards, which were not nailed down, but kept to their ])laccs by weight- poles, laid lengthways across every row of boards. In fact, many very comfortable dwellings were built and lived in, without so much as a single iron nail being used in their construction. As there were no saw-mills in the country at its very early settlement, the floors of the cabins were made of what was called puncheons. They were made by split- ting largo logs into slabs three or four inches thick, and by nicely hewing. them on the u])- per side, and neatly fitting the joints; they made a vcrj- ])ernianent floor. The open spaces in the walls, between the logs, were filled up, and made smooth by 'chinking' and daubing with clay inside and outsiile. The firi'place was at one end of the building, gen- (Tiilly outside, an oj)ening being cut through the log wall for that purpose. TIk; flue was built lip above the comb of the roof, with what was called 'cat and clay.' The fire-places were large, sufficient to take in back-logs from -717 r Iv ^ ^ ^^v^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 497 twelve to eighteen inches thick, and four to six feet long. These buildings varied in size from fourteen by eighteen feet, up to eighteen feet wide by twenty-four feet long. A room of that size, and built in that way, was used for kitchen, dining-room, parlor and bed-room. The bed, and sometimes three or four of them, were placed in the back end of the room, and here the whole family slept. And when they had visitors, whicii was very frequently in those daj's, they were accommodated in the same way. Where the family was large, how- ever, the boys had generally to sleep up in the loft on the floor, which was laid with claji- boards like the roof. In order to get up to the loft, a ladder was placed close up in one corner of the house, usually in the end near the fire-place." This description applies only to the very first settlers. They very soon began to add to these cabins such improvements as seemed necessary for comfort and convenience, but many well-to-do farmers still held on to the first comfortable log-cabin for many years. And even to the present time, we occasion- ally find some gray-haired sire, or wrinkled dame, who sigh, as they recall what they term the gxjod old times. In comparing the early days, the pioneer cabins, farms, the manners and customs, the pleasures and enjoyments, with those of the present time, the question will obtrude itself upon the mind, as to which is the best calcu- lated to promote real comfort, health and en- joyment — the old-fashioned cabin, customs and manners of those times, or the very dif- ferent ones of the princely palace-residences, with their retinue of servants, and the fash- ionable customs of the present time. The ladies — the icoDien, as they were termed ii! the pioneer days — bore as important apart in these early struggles as did the men them- selves. They spun and wove cloth and made their own clothes as well as those of the men, and bore their full share of every hardship. The modern housewife, with her sewing ma- chiue and her washing machine, cook stove and other conveniences, knows little of her grandmother's trials and troubles. The music of the spinning-wheel and the weaving-loom in the cabin, has given way to the piano and organ of the splendidly Au'nished parlor. But as we advance in civilization and refine- ment, we come to enjoy these innovations on the " pioneer luxin-ies," and wonder how our ancestors got along at all — how, with fat pork, or wild deer meat, and " corn-dodger," and this often in limited quantities, they kept from starving to death. Our fastidious noses are elevated to an angle of many degrees, as we sit at our well-laden boards, and allow memory to wander back and dwell for a mo- ment on the frugal fare of our pioneer ances- tors. This chapter would scarcely he thought complete without some mention of the Piatts. Gen. A. S. Piatt, the soldier and politician, and Donn Piatt, the editor and poet, are resi- dents of this township. Both are mentioned in other portions of this work — the General in the war history of the county, and the lat- ter in the history of the jiress. They are scholars, and both arc men of fine literary tastes and abilities, with wealth to fully satisfy their inclinations in this direction. Donn Piatt is known throughout the county as a neW'Spaper man of high attainments. Muiy poetical gems contributed to the press by him have received a wide popularity, both at liome and abroad. He has a beautiful j)lace on the Mackachack of almost baronial splendor, where he passes his time at ease and in the gratification of his literary tastes. His brother. Gen. Piatt, lives near him, the owner of a fine property and an elegant home. The follow- ing of Gen. Piatt is from Antrim's History of Logan County: " Abram Sanders Piatt is more generally known to tlie military and >t-U ^± 498 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. political than the poetical world. The two pursuits, so wide apart as they are, seldom center in one individual. Did Mr. Piatt se- riously follow either, this would not prob- ably be the fact in this instance. But, the happy possessor of broad acres — and beauti- ful acres they are — in the Mackachack Valley, Logan County, Ohio, he dallies with tne muses and worries the politicians more for amusement than aught else. His leisure moments are given to the care of an inter- esting I'auiily, and the cultivation of bis farm. No one of any refinement could long dwell in the Jliickachack Valley and not feel more or h^ss of the poetry that seems to live in its very atmosphere. So rare a combination of plain and hill, wood and meadow, adorned by the deep, clear, glittering stream tiiat gives name to the valley, seldom greets the eye. Tliere the hawthorn and hazel gather in clum])s upon the sloping hillsides, or u])on fields, while, like great hosts, tlie many-tinted forests of burr-oak, maple and hickory close in on every side the view. Nor is the Mack- achack without its logenils and historical associations. Men yet live, rough old l)ack- woodsmcn, with heads whitened by the snows of eighty winters, who will point out the precise spot where a poor Indian woman, seen lurking around the smoking ruins of the Mackachack towns, only then destroved bv the white invaders, was shot by a rifleman, who mistook her for a warrior. Near the Piatt homestead may be seen the spot where Simon Kenton was forced by his cruel ene- mies to run the gauntlet, where, between lake and river, lay a vast unbroken wilderness. It was near this that he and Girty, the rene- gade, recognized each other, and the hard heart of the murderer was touched at the sight of his old connade and friend, and he saved his life at a tinie when this bold act endan- gered his own. The family to which Mr. Piatt belongs is one of the pioneer families of the Mad River Valley, and has prominent associations with the literature and politics of the West. Mr. Piatt's poems have been published chiefly in the Cincinnati (Jomnier- cial and in ihe Mackachack Press." His poem " The Dainty Bee," was very popular, and copied extensively in the press of the country. The first mill in Monroe Township, and said to be the first ever built on the Macka- chack, was put up in a very early day Ijy one of the pioneers of the township, Uobert Smith. It was a small log building, and received its power from the Mackachack Creek. Jt was intended merely as a corn-cracker, but a hand-bolt was afterwards added, for the pur- pose of grinding wheat, when there was any to be ground. The large mill of Gen. Piatt was built originally about 18-tO, and is still in operation. A distillery was connected with it at one time, but was discontinued many years ago. The grist-mill, and a saw- mill in coiniection, are still running, and do- ing good work. Other mills, saw and grist, have been built at different times, and the township is now well sui)])lied with these con- veniences. The Mad and Mackachack Pi vers, fed by the springs and drainage of the hills that make up the major portion of Monroe, are still valuable for milling purposes; every here and there are mills whii-h Icok out of all jjro- portlon when com]iared with the size of the streams. But the character of the streams ap])ropriately expressed in the name of one — the Mad — makes up in power what they lack in size. The power of the Mackachack is very strikingly shown where it crosses the farm of .Mr. Long. Heie, in 185:5, where was only a '' dead-furrow," is now a wide gully, si.xty feet wide, where the stream sometimes rushes along with fury enough to drown a horse. The early efforts to advance the cause of t HISTORY OF LOGA^' COU>'TY. 499 religion are not so clearly related by the older settlers. Wherever a little colony was formed in the early day there was a center from w! ich went forth a religious influence. The people were God-fearing, and brought from their earlier homes the influence of a Christian education. Many of them were members of the different churches, and though deprived for a time of the advantages of older settle- ments, they did not allow their surroundings fo interrupt their worship. For some years they kept the flame of truth alive by prayer meetings held in the different cabins about, and soon after the earnest pioneer preacher came and dispensed the word of life. Among the latter was Daniel Long, known in those days as a " New Light." Among the earliest organizations, perhaps, was the ilt. Pisgah Methodist Church. A class of ten or fifteen members was organized about 1830. Some six years later they erected a frame building, which served their purpose until about 1865, when the church died out. The principal cause of this result was the change in the neighborhood, the old families selling out and the Ormish taking their place. The old building stands unused, in the wood near the Ludlow road, a decayed monument of the joast. In the southwest part of the township is a little log chapel belonging to the Catholic Church. lb had its origin somewhat as fol- lows: When the Catholics first came to Cin- cinnati, the property- holders refused to sell them land, but Benjamin M. Piatt, who was a large property-holder then, was less hostile, and notified Bishop Fenwick, that he could have a building site not far from his residence. The intercourse thus opened up between the clergy and the Piatt family, resulted after a while in the conversion of Mrs. Piatt from the Methodist to the Catholic faith. When the Piatt family came to Logan County, Mrs. Piatt persuaded her husband to donate five acres to the church. One daj-, in his absence, Mrs. Piatt directed that the logs that had been cut and prepared for a workshop, should be taken and put into a chapel. This was done, and Mr. Piatt found his workshop had been converted into a chapel, to his no small dis- gust. This was done about 18.30, and it still stands, serving its purpose as well as ever. The wife of Col. Donn Piatt proposes in 1881 to erect a handsome stone chapel in its place. There are about 150 members, to whom the Bellefontaine clergy minister once a month. Near the center of the township is the Mack- aehack Baptist Church. The first building was erected as a union aflair for all or any denomination, on land donated by Benjamin Long. In 18GS, however, a new frame build- ing was erected bj' a Baptist society that had sprung up in the meanwhile. Rev. George Lj-on was instrumental in its erection, and took possession of the house, with al)out twenty members. There are now ninety-eigiit members, with Milton Squib as pastor. The early community abt)ut Pickercltown was largely made up of Quakers, and, as is natural with this sect, they held meetings at once, for years occujiying a pole-log school- house in the valley. About 1820 they put a better log building on the site of their pres- ent building, and in 1826 were regularly or- ganized as the Westland M(>eting. In 1SG6 the old building was replaced by a neat frame building, where services are regularly held at this'time. There are about ninety members. The only other church in the township is that of the Protestant Methodist. About 1820 a Methodist Episcopal Church was organized here, and for years had a thriving society, but it gradually passed awa\', until the Protestant Methodists entirely supplanted them, using their old building until 1874, when they put up a new building at the other side of town. They have about twenty members, and Rev. F. B. Graham is the Pastor. ^t. 500 HISTORY OF LOGAX COUJ!TY. The earliest attempt at schools in the town- ship was by way of subscription efforts, and the teachers were the heroes of the iiour. Th^y wielded a power that none dared to dispute, and carried ihcir instruction into the affairs of the family with the same arbitrariness that they exercised in the school-room. Among the earliest schoolhouses was the one men- tioned above, in the valley near Pickereltown. Here old ■ John Paxton taught, one of the gentlest and kindliest old men in the county. Ho used to get the little ones between his knees and instill into the young mind whole- some lessons of good while he taught the a, b, c's. John Garrison is another teacher of the olden times. He taught in a cabin that had but one window and a crooked log, through which a small boy could crawl. One Christmas the boys turned him out, but linally compromised on a quantity of apples. These were dumped in the middle of the floor for the boys to scramble for. Another of the early schoolhouses stood about a mile west of Mr. Long's. Here George Crosscup taught, and when locked out by the bo3's treated them with whisky, getting all the boys drunk, even to the smallest. But the establishment of the district schools in the winter of 1834—5 changed all this, and now Monroe rejoices in as good schools as anj' of her sister townships. The present status, gleaned from the records, is as follows : Balance on hand, September 1, 1^:8, i2o').0(j; State tax, Si9J2; local tax, $1,864.20; amount paid teachers during year, $1,502; balance on hand, September 1, 1879, -^2,260.01; number of school districts, 0; total value of school property, §3,200; average enrollment — boys, ISO ; girls, 84 ; average attendance — boys, 96; girls, 52. Pickereltown is a little hamlet in the north- east part of the township. It was never regularly laid out, but about 1830, it was talked of, and was divided into lots, taking a name finally from the oldest of those interested in the property. The lands of Henry Pickerel, Nathaniel Pope, Samuel Collyer and \Yilliam Pearson came together where the roads cross in the middle of the village. No plat was ever made of the town, but by common con- sent quite a cluster of houses have gathered at this point. In 1S25 Mr. Pickerel started a tan-yard here, and later George AVilliams put up a wagon-shop, which was followed by a hatters shop by Jesse Hyatt. The lirst store was started by Thomas Wilson, in 1841 or 1842. The first name of the place was Frogtown, from the fact that, notwithstanding its general high altitude, several ponds contributed to the dis- comfort of the new village. It later took its present name, an appropriate one, to follow the suffsrestive one first sriven. Mr. Williams had some ambition to hand his name down to posterity, in connection with the hamlet, but it did not get popular indorsement, and the project failed. A ])ostonice was established July 22, 1851, and that, with a small store, is the ))rincipal business outside of the black- smith shop, wagon shoj) and shoe sho|). It is beautifully situated on a high ridge of land, overlooking a fine prospect of valley land. Vry HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 501 CHAPTER XVIII.* BLOOJIFIELD TOWNSHIP— INCIDENTS— SETTLKMENT— PIONEER HARDSHIPS— CHURCHES, ETC.— THE LOST CHILD. " Gather wc from tlie shadowy past The struggling beams that linger yet, Ere o'er those flickering lights arc cast The shroud that none can penetrate." PlaU R. Spencer. ri~M"IE early scttlor.s of this township, in 1 common with all pioneers of the county, endurod privations and hardships of which those of to-day can have but a faint concep- tion. Under the most favorable circum- stances their food was alwaj's coarse, often unsavory, and, if accident befell the sources from which they were supplied, scantiness as well as coarseness minelcd with their meals. The two principal articles of food upon the tables of the early settlers, were bread and meat. If the bread chanced to be made of wheat flour, and the meat consisted of the flesh of domestic animals, then was the fare considered choice. If the bread was made of corn meal, and the meat was but the flesh of the deer, the bear, or the raccoon, there was no complaining, for in those days they were less concerned about the quality of the food than they were about the quantitij. Coffee W'as scarcely known, except by the name; and tea, if drank at all, was drunk about as fre- quently as it was by the Whigs of Boston im- mediately after that article was cast into the harbor from tlie British ships. In respect to clothing, as well as other necessaries for which the settlers had to depend in whole or in part upon the market, they were about as well pro- vided for as they were in respect to tea and colTee. There were no stores in the vicinity, so that whatever was required beyond what ^Contributed by Dr. .1. H. Se Clieverell. their own hands could sup]ily, was entirely dispensed with, or sujijjlied in a meager man- ner. The consequence was that the wardrobe of the ladies comported but miserably with their patient and untiring industry. Still all toiled patiently on, looking hopefully forward to a future, when the wild surroundiiig.s, tiio rude log cabins, and the privations of pioiieer life should be replaced by the cultivated fields, the substantial homes, the church and the school. That this dream has been fully real- ized is apparent to even the .chance visitant. Bloomlield is composed of parts of Congres- sional Townships numbers 2 and 7 south, ranges 7 and 8 east. Its location, the ex- treme west of the county. Its boun(hiries : north by Stokes; south by Pleasant; east by Washington, and west by .lackson and Shelby, in Shelby county. The Big Jliami River passes southward along the eastern line of the township, and into this flow a number of small streams of no iiM])ortance, save as affording drainage to the soil. In the north we find the Muehinippi Creek, next the Four Mile and Brandvwine, and in the c.\tr,^me south Rutn Creek, names wiiich sound Ovld in the extreme, in a townshij) iidiabitcd by ])eo- ple among whom intem])erancc is unknown. The surface is tindulatirig, alternate slight elevations, gentle slopes, and low level plains go to make up a whole which presents many attractive features. The soil is a clay, slight- ly mixed with gravel on the higher lands, and a black loaiu interveining, strong and fertile. Corn and grass are the principal crops, though the present season large quantities of wheat have been harvested with satisfactory results Vj^ nr" ■on. The situation was not a cheerful one — lost in the dense woods, miles from a human habitation, and surrounded by wild beasts. However, the solitude of the surroundings was soon relieved by the hoarse crii'S of wolves. The sounds came rajiidly nearer. Cutting a stout club, he awaited the coming of th(! unwelcome visitors. It was not many minutes ere they were tij)on him. Phinting himself firiuly against a huge tree, he struck out at the nearest pair of fiery eyes. A yell, and a sudden retreat of the owner of the eyes, gave proof of the correctness of his aim. This was repeated whenever a wolf came within reach, and in this somewhat live- ly manner did Mr. Dillon while away the hours, which otherwise would have been weary ones, until the rising of the moon, when, remounting his horse, the path was found and the homeward journey resumed, the wolves thi; while closely following lii - hind, fdling th(> dim echoes of the woods with their hair-lifting nielod}'(?). They kept close upon the heels of his horse to his very cabin door, which was reached as the first faint streaks of light liegan to show above the tops of the trees in the east. The settlement of the township was begun in the southwest corner, on Rum Creek. Along this stream were some small Indian im- provemc^nts, and upon these two farmers, named Keith and Stewart, removed with their families, not far from tlu? year 1830. As none of the pioneers, who first located in the town- ship, now live here, the write*- has depended upon those who came no.\t for the data from which this history is written. Mr. James Dil- lon and Henry Hone are entitled to our thanks for many items of interest. Mr. Dil- lon built his log cabin upon the farm he still occupies during the fallof 1833. At this date the following families were living in the town- ship : William Rogers and William Campbell had small im|irovements in the northeast part. Mr. Campbell lived on the farm now ownetl by the Huber heirs, his log cabin was near the river, where he kept a rude fi-rry. In the south- east coiner of the township, along Rum Creek, lived Isaac Stockwell, Benjamin Nichols and William Smith. To the westward lived Rich- ard and Isaac Dillon, Tlomas Tong, Edward Timmons, Jacob and William Keith, David anil William Ashbrook, William and John Schuler, William Moore and Caleb Wright. -f HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 503 These were all the settlers in the township in the year 1833. William Dillon and family, consisting of a wife and five children, arrived in ISoJr, and made a beginning on the farm now owned by M. Smith. The entire north- western portion of the township was at this time an unbroken forest. Henry Hone purchased lands in the township in December, 1835 ; cleared a small piece and built a log cabin dur- ing the sunimor of 183G, ancrin March, 183i', moved his faniilj' into it. Mr; Hone still lives on this property. The forest has, however, disappeared, and by well-directed efl'orls, broad fields, rich in their wealth of waving grain, have taken its place. The additional settlers who arrived prior to 183(i wore: Ed- ward Wren, whoso lands adjoined Hone's on the northwest. Immediately south of Cimp- bell's, on the river, lived William Donaldson and Joseph Danielson. John Price occupied the James Spelhnan farm; John Woodfield and Philip Hoy lived near. John Ellis, George Wolf, the Archers and the Dowiiings, had located near the Rum Creek settlement. William McKinnon subsequently purchased the Campbell farm. Mr. Hone states that when he reached the Miami River, he found it very high, and no other means of crossing than the trunk of a fallen tree; the prospect of reaching the other shore was not p-.irticularly flattering. On the liank were a few huts, in which lived a immber of half-breed Indians, who came out, but manifested no interest until, on inquiry, they learned that Mr. Hone had a small quantity of spirits in the wagon; this being produced, they assisted readily in effecting a crossing. The goods were un- loaded and carried over, the horses swam across, and tieing a bed-cord to the end of the wagon-tongue, it was pulled through, the goods reloaded, and the journey resumed. No charge was made, except a few drinks of of the "whisk," as they termed it. At this time there were no roads, each settler cutting his own, and being governed by the condition of the land, it mav be imagined that little at- tention was paid to the joints of the compass. The first dulv authorized road was from Belle- fontaine to Muchinippi, passing through the northern part of the township. Now well- graded and graveled pikes traverse the township in all directions. The citizens of Bloomfield have depended upon the surround- ing country for mills and other needed in- dustries until a recent date. The steam flouring-mill, at Bloom Center, was built by A. Connelly, in 1878. It has two run of stone and is furnished with all the modern appliances. A tile manufactory, at the same point, owned by Bayer & Brother, completes the list of manufac- tories. As early as 1840, Jonah McFarling, began merchandising, in a little log hut, standing about one mile to the westward of the present hamlet, known as Bloom Center. The stock in trade was mainly w^hisky, tobac- co and tea. A few j-ears subsequcMit, he erected a small frame building, near the site of the log cabin, and putting in a respecta- ble stock, soon acquired a largo patronage. Since this period, the township lias not been without a store of some kind. Quito a settlement sprung up at this point. The location of a postofKce was secured over which .John Freeman presided. The location was inconvenient, and yet nothing was done toward a better until the fall of 1858, when Andrew Halboth purchased lands and erected the buildings he now oocujiios as a store and dwelling. Others built near, and Bloom Center became a certainty. At this time it embraces a general store, drug store, two blacksmith shops, fl(iuring mill, tile manufac- tory, two churches, a school, and three physi- cians. The present Postmaster is Dr. William McK. Houseman, a rising young physician of the place. Bloom Center Lodge, No; G31, I. O. O. F., which is located here, began work til 5M HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. under Dispensation in the summer of 1875, with S. P. Wood, A. Halljolli, G. M. Shafer, W. II. Watkiiis, J. G. Smith and C. W. Davis, as charter members, who became the iirst oIBcers. The present membership is small. Two societies of the order known as Patrons of Husbandry, or Grang-ers, have had an ex- istence in tiie township, but of these the writer has no date. So soon as the little colony on Rum Creek liad ])rovided themselves with comfortable iiabitalions, their attention was directed to the formation of a school, the. result of which was the erection of a log buildiii"; of ([uite rcs]>ect- able ])roportions, and a teacher being found, school duly convened. Two or three years later a second schoolhouse was built in the township. This stood on lands now owned by .James Spellman. Eber Hodge tauglit a nundjor of terms in this building. At last the territory was divided into school districts, and a better class of buildings erecti'd. The re- port of the Hoard of Education for the school year (>nding August 31, ISi 0, gives the fol- lowing data: Wliole number of cliilih-pn .309 Whdlc niiiDunt piiij tuacliers ?11,0!I0.38 Whole number of schuolliou.sps 6 Value, with grounds ?1, 500.00 ]n the little log schoolhouse iirst mentioned, late in the fall of the year ls:j2, a misiionary of that faith who are, as a rule, the advanci; guard of Christianity in all new countries — Meth- odism — held the first religious service in the township. The families of David and Wil- liam Ashbrook, "William Keith and .Mrs. Tim- nions soon after unit<-d in the formation of a class. In about IfSIil! a hewed log uieeting- ho\ise was built, and this was occupied until the completion of the present frame building in Isr.O. The Methodist E|)iscopal Church at IJIdom Center was formed earlj* in the settle- ment. The memliers composing tin- tirst class •were Michael Kawdon and wife, William Rawdon and wife, George Wolf and wife, Peter Schule and wife, and Hendricks and wife. This society met in schoolhouses for several j^ears, eventually erecting the frame church building just west of Bloom Centre, now unused. The society, we learn, have in contomjilation the erection of a larger house of worship at an early day. Early in the year 1854, Kev. Adam St\ini]), of the German Reformed Church, besan a series of meetings at the dwellings of the settlers west of Bloom Center, and about one year subsequent the following persons united in the formation of a church of this denomi- nation: Peter Bruner and family, Henry Smith and wife, Abraham Griffey and wife, John Wagoner and wife, Solomon Gar- ling, and wife and J. M. Smith and wife; two years later they united in the erection of the church edifice at Bloom Centre. This has been recently refitted. The niend)ership of this society now numbers forty. A Sabbath School was organized some years since in con- nection with this church. Thishasnowagooill^' attendance. Some years subsequent to James Dillon's arrival in Bloomfield Township, a hewed log schoolhouse was built on the south- west corner of his farm, and in this, a few years later, the settlers of the different Bap- tist and Christian denominations, residing in the vicinity, inaugurated a series of union meetings. These were continued for a num- ber of years with a gradually increasing mendicrship. In about 1854, all united in the erection of a meeting-house in the north- east part of the township on the Muchinippi. For a time the society flourished and the membershi|> gradually increased, but of late, from various causes, the interest has abated, and at this time the society has but a small mendiership and no regular Pastor, local talent occui)ying the puljiit. The writer has been unable to secure any data of the organization of the township or HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 505 its early history, the records having been de- stroyed. The growth, though slow, has been a hoaltliy one. Tlie following account of one of those thrillingly sad incidents so common in all pioneer settlements, is from .Joshua Antrim's history of Champaign and Logan Counties: "About two miles directly west of Lewis- town, on the farm now own e d by the heirs of Manassas Huber, in Bloomfield Township, lived Harrison and Christiana Hopkins. Their son, aged about five years, was lost on November 13, 1838. '• Heaven to all men hides the book of fate, And blindness to the future has kindly given." * * * * Everything passed off pleasantly till about two o'clock, when Mrs. Hopkins started with her little son to visit a neighbor, a Mr. Rogers, living about a half mile dis- taiit. S!ie had to pass by a new house, being built by Charles Cherry, an vmcle to the boy. Arriving there, thej' stopped for a few minutes, aiid as the boy wished to remain here, the mother jjassed on. Soon the boy became tired of playing about the house and started to re- join his mother. As only a dim path led through the intervening timber, Mrs. Che r/ cautioned the little fellow to be careful, and not gat lest. A little way into the woods, and he sang out: "1 can go it nowj I have found the path." These were the last words he was ever heard to say. * * * ]\i,s. Hopkins soon after returned, and enquired for the boy, and learned, to her surprise and terror, that he had followed her. Immediate search was made by the frantic mother and father, and Mr. Cherry, going first to Mr. Rogers' and to another neighbor living but a short distance from him, but no tidings could be had of him. They could see the tracks of his bare feet in the path near the house. * * * Soon the alarm spread far and near, atid people collect- ed from all parts of the country to hunt for the child. There were at times over a thous- and people engaged in the search, which was continued for three weeks. Every foot of ground for three miles around was scanned. Even the Maimi river was dragged for miles, but in vain — not a trace of him — not even a shred of his clothing could be found anv- where, and to-day his fate remains a profound and melancholy nij'stery. The opinion gen- erally prevails, however, that the child was stolen by the Indians. Mr. Cherry states that an Indian, who, for many years, had been in the vicinity, engaged in trapping, disaj)peared about this time and never returned. He was afterwards found, and accused of the abduc- tion of the child, iuit he resolutely denied all knowledge of the matter. ^^^^^ it iti^ 500 HISTORY OF LOG AX COUNTY. CHAPTER XIX.* BOKES CREEK TOWNSHIP— DESCUIPTIVE— THE WHITES— SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES— VILLAGES— ETC. FIFTY years ago Bokes Creek Township was almost unknown. The present fer- tile fields were one dense forest, where roamed the deer, the hear, the wolf and other savage animals, undisturbed save by their savage enemy — the American aborigines. Bcliefontaine was already a growing village, with stores, churches and schools; almost every other township in Logan County had been settled, and legally organized before a white man reared his luunble cabin upon Bokes Creek soil. Probably no settlement would tlien have been made, but for the open- ing eifected by the great wind-storm of 18"25, which assisted materially in preparing the way for the pioneer by leveling the timber for a broad space through the entire town- shi]). In this belt of "fallen timber" the first white man in Bokes Creek made his claim. The lowlands of the township were," from October until .Tune, most of the time covered by water, from one to throe feet deep. These deep marshes almost wholly de- fied the hand of cultivation. Across the northern part of the township, from the ■'.vest side and passing out at the northeast corner, nearly describing a circle, courses Rush Creek on its way to the Scioto River. From its en- trance into the township to where it leaves, it is most all the way a marshy stream, with mud banks and beds, and sides overgrown with rank weeds and shrid)S. Mill Creek flows through the southwest cor- ner on its course from Rush Creek Townshij) into Perry Township. Bokes Creek rise's in this township from two sources. Tin- I'ortli- ♦ c.nirlbmctl by J. 11. Wyllc ern and principal stream rises in the western part, on the farm of Martin McAdams, and runs in a southeasterly direction into Union Couiitj'. The second rises on the farm of C. Bell, in the southwestern part of the town- ship, and curving south and west, it joins the northern branch in Union County. This stream is one of the tributaries of the Scioto River, and, like Rush Creek, is a sluggish stream. In some places it is almost impossi- ble to find the laain current. Attemjits have been made to secure its drainage at public e.xpense,butsofarsvich efforts have resulted in failure, and it still remains the same marshy, sluggish stream it was forty-five years ago. There are several important drains, howev r, in the eastern part of the township, whiih have been constructed by the enterprise of the farmers, and have been very beneficial to the localities through which they pass. Their average width is about fifteen feet and their do])ih from four to ten feet. The streams ami their tributaries constitute the princijial diainagc of the township. Much has been done, and to great advantage, in artilliial ilraiiiiigc, but much more can \w done in this line of improvement with equally good results to the land. The country is low and marshy. There are few hills in the whole township, and it might almost be called a ]ilain. The soil is black and rich, sidtable for all kinds of grain, and the township, with the proper draining, might be made one of the finest farming districts in the county. There is little of the yellow clay soil. The black soil is from three to eiglit leet in dej.lh. The timber is of every variety and size to -*pv^ 41 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 507 be I'ounil in this section of the countr\-, oak, wahiut, sugar-maple, beech, elm ami lynn, being the principal kinds. The greater part of the hmd lies north of tiio Greenville Treaty line, which runs through the township some two or three miles from the line between Bokes Creek and Perry townships. Xorth of this line the roads are principally laid out parallel with the Treaty line road, while those south of the line were run according to the convenience and fancy of the early settlers. About the year 1S34, the territory now known as Bokes Creek Township, was struck off from Rush Creek, and called Perry, to- gether with the present township of that name. Hardin County bounded it on the north, Union on the east, Zane Township on the south, and Jefferson and Rush Creek Town- ships on the west. Early in the year 1837, Carlisle Lewiston carried the surve3'or's chain between Perry and Bokes Creek, and the same year Bokes Creek was legallj- organized with iis present boundaries, which are the same as above given except on the south, where it is now bounded by Perry Townshij). It receives its name from Bokes Creek, a stream that has already been described. As to how this creek received its name reports differ. Some persons claim that there was a white man lost near it of tlie name of Bogy. Others say that an Indian was lost in the channel, and his friends, after searching in vain for him, gave the name Bogy to the creek, from the Indian word hogue, meaning lost. We are inclined to believe the latter, as it is the opinion of the oldest settler of the township. At any rate, the creek was once called Bogy, and was changed to Bokes to suit the euphony of the English language. An old Yankee named Emberson, a few years after the township was organized, made an effort to have it called Salem Township. John Hill also contended that it should have its first name, and got the better of his Yan- kee opponent, and Bokes Creek, as a corrup- tion of Bogy, clings to the township. On these black lands are matured the finest har- vests of the husbandman's toil. In the thriving villages are busy mechanics and en- terprising men of business. In the once thick and heavy timbered forests are seen the smoke of saw-mills — a territory now in- liabited by 1,013 busy people, where only fifty j'ears ago was seen here and there a savage encampment. Almost every industry of common life is here carried on. There is but one village in Bokes Creek (Tp.), and it is situated in the southeast corner. It has a population of 385. Part of the town of Ridgeway lies in this township, I which is often called West Ridgeway, with a population of perhaps 120. At present, whether Ridgeway belongs to Logan or to Hardin County is a disputed point, and is pending before the courts. Logan County claims the territory for about a (juarter of a mile further north than the generallj' desig- nated line. This suit was begun in 1878. Both sides have offered to compromise the matter, but unfortunately for the residents in the disputed territory, when one side is in the notion the other wants to go the whole hog, or none at all. Should such a compromise be made, Ridgeway would be brought into Logan County and would be the leading vil- lage of Bokes Creek Township. This com- promise would spoil the shajie of the town- chip, making it in the form of a trapezoid. At present, however, Hardin County is un- willing to make this compromise, the proposal having last been made by the attorneys for the Logan County side. As has been already stated, Bokes Creek swung loose from Rush Creek Township about the year 1834, and from Perry in 1837, and became a separate and duly organized town- ship the same year. At that time she had twenty-seven voters and about 120 inhabitants. "ib "E PV 4 -<. h — ^- 508 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. The first Trustees of the township were, John ]Jell, James K. Curl and William Cline; tiie first Justice of the Peace was Joseph Roberts; the first Coustable, Henry Bell; II. C. Hathaway was tlio first Treasurer elected. He refused to serve, however, but as there was no money for liim to take care of, he was hon- ored by the title of that office till the next ohiction. Moses Emerson was the first Clerk, it was said that Constable Henry Beil having at one time levied on some property, was afraid to approach the premises, having heard that the old woman had a "corn-cutter" sharpened for the purpose of cutting him into sausage meat, if he dared to sell a single ar- ticle of the goods he had levied upon. Two miles south of Ridjipway, on the Ridge- way and Walnut Grove Turnpike, lives, in pioneer fashion, the " oldest inhabitant,'' and who claims to be the first settler in "old lin'rey." John Hill anil his father, Jeremiah llill,tMmc from Greene Co., Ohio, in 1827, and settled in the " AViiidfall," on the farm now owned by Lewis Dickinson. He has been a resident of this township for fifty-three years, anil has watched with great interest its won- derful development. The great tornado had for him, two years before, laid low the trees, thus aiding him in opening a farm. Mr. Hill paid five dollars an acre for his land. This, as will be observed, was more than twice as miieh as some of the other settlers jjaid for their land, and may be accounted for by the fact that the fallen timber presented facilities for clearing land which the thick forest did not, there being no trees to nil. ihnrn. Soon after Hill's settlement, Mr. Bell came, who is claimed by some to have been the first emi- grant to Bokes Creek. Then the ColTelds and Cline families, and Wm. Callalian came, nil of whom settled on the banks of Rush Creek, in 1830. Owing to the neglect of Mr. Hill to secure a good title to his land lie was compelled to leave, after he had settled and improved it. He afterward removed to where he now lives, on the baidvs of Rush Creek. A short distance from Mr. Hill's house was an Indian council house, about 30 feet long, made of poles and covered with bark. The remains are still there, and the husbandman has never plowed below the depth of the ashes in its vicinity. There was what was known as the "Iniiian Spring," on the corner of Mr. Hill's farm, on the banks of Rush Creek. It was about eighteen inches square, and was walled with poles about six inches in diame- ter, split and sunk into the ground, one above the other. After the Indians left the country the sjiring very mysteriously disappeared, and not a sin- gle trace of it can now be found. Perhaps as late as the year 1830 there was a settlement on the east side of the township, made by the Skidmores. E. C. Hathaway came to, the township in 1831, from Bristol County, Mass. He settled on the farm where he now lives, on Bokes Creek, abimt a mile and a half north of West Mansfield. He purchased the farm he now owns for ^'2 an acre. Jacob Keller settled in 1830 near where the town of West Mansfield now stands. Scranton, Gardner, Lewis, Bates, Frelix Thornton settled herein the year 1S4'^: William Lnffel in 1844; Archibald Wilson in 1844; also the sunie year Henry Willinn\s, William Furrow and Ja(^ob Green .settled in 1845. The last mentioned settlers i)aid *4 an acre for their land. Be- tween the years 1835 and 184.") the following persons settled on Rush Cri.ek, in this town- ship: Samuel Higgins, Andrew Wilson, E. Stiles, M'illinm Richards, John Ramsey, J. Lyizgood, Wm. Wetcraft and John Wilk- low. The last mentioned purchased land at V IIISTOnY OF LOGAJC COUNTY. 509 $1.25 an acre. "\Ve, no doubt, have omitted a few names, but the above are all we have been able to obtain by close and thorough in- quiry. There is not a single pioneer, per- haps, who would not live over again his early days, and vainly sighs — "0, give me hack my cabin home, Within the forest wild." Those were days when men were not wrapped up in a cloak of self, but they were neighbors in the full sense of the word. The young men would go from five to ten miles on horseback to a corn-husking or a dance. People very often went to East Liberty and Zanesfield to get their small stock of supplies, and to get their corn ground; for in those daj-s they lived on corn bread, hominv, wild honej-, annse was erecteil about the same time; this was a log building. There is now a frame church, built the year 1819, used by both Baptists and Methodists. This settle- ment is noted for its camp-meetings and revivals. There were no taverns previous to the year 1848. There was little need for any, as there "were then few early travelers, and no coach or mail routes. The first saw-mill was operated perhaps as early as the year 1830, by Alexander Ramsey, on the banks of Rush Creek, near where Squire Callahan now lives. He also ran a "corn cracker" in connection with his saw-mill. These mills were run by water, and had overshot wheels. About the year 18-10, Andy Murdoch had a saw-mill near where hi" now lives. There was also a saw-mill at a very early day, where West Mansfield now stands, perhaps as early as 184j. There were few early stores within the pres- ent bounds of the township. Alexander Ramsey kept a small stock of goods, consist- ing of two or three good cart-loails; at any rate, the stock, large or small, almost broke the proprietor up. As we have already stated, trading was done chiefly at West Liberty or Zanesficld, and as the settlements grew older, and roads were opened, much of it was done at Rushsylvania. The first blazed road in the township led from the "fallen timl)er "' to West Libirrty. A Mian by the name of Sunipters went ahead, winding around hills and swamps, and blew a horn to direct others who followed him blazing the trees and clearing away logs and brush. The road was cleared wide enough for a man to ride along on horsel>ack, and if he carried his grist Iti a bag to mill with ends projected too far from the side of the horse, woe to that bag when its ends were dashed against a tree on each side of the road. In such cases, the man was left growling on the grouinl be- hind the horse. The Painter Creek roail was also opened in thi' same manner. In the year 1838, John Bell and Ibnry liell, his son, suc- ceeded in obtaininsr a grant for the first State ^i" HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. 511 road. This was run from West Libertj' to the Sandusky road. The trees were cut in the month of June by the settlers; the water was then so high over tlie ground that the logs were easily floated out. On this road was built the first pike in the township in 1877, and is a double track. In 1840, the .ferusa- lem and Beliefontaine road was laid out; for some time before it was a blazed road. The trees were cut and cleared by the settlers. The same year the B;)kes Creek and East Liberty road, crossing the Jerusalem and Beliefontaine road at \yest Mansfield, was cleared. It had been twice before laid out, and in two different directions, one running to the Skidmorc settlement and the other to the Bates settlement. It now runs from Mt. Vic- tory to East Liberty. As the dilferent por- tions of the township were settled, other roads were blazed and the trees cut out. The Belie- fontaine and Jerusalem road was piked in the year 1877. There is now in construction a pike leading from the Hardin County line to East Liberty. In this section the pike enter- prise is raging, as it is all over the county. In 1848, Levi Southard laid out the town of West Mansfield, and began the sale of lots. He was an enterprising farmer, and enlisted as a soldier in the late war, and died in the hospital in 1801. Mr. Southard, at the time he laid out the town, had a son one year old whom ho called Mansfield; ho naiiie> :t 512 HISTORY OF LOGA^^ COUNTY. W. E. Powers; Conductor, J. K. Baldwin; R. S. S., David Kea; L. S. S., P. Smith; O. G,; James Rlieuleu. The names of the pres- ent officers are C. C. McGee, N. G.; T. B. Ilirriinan, V. G.; E. D. Vance, Hec. Sec; U. L. .Mann, Per Sec; G. H. Dowcll, Treas.; Warden, L. E. Laving ; Conductor, Ira Gwv-nn; R. S. N. G., William Reams; R. S. V. G., George Bates; O. G., T. B. Wilgus; J. G., Walter Painter." The first religious denomination was the Wcsleyan llethodist, wliich, in 1843, held divine service in the old schoolhouse on the farm now owned by Robert Southard. They had few adherents, and did not hold out longer than three years. TluMr preachers were Cooley and Glading. The United Breth- ren, as earlj' as 1845, held divine services in the old schoolhouse. They built the first church in West Mansfield in 1852. It was a frame })uildirig, about thirty by forty feet, and occupied the same site on which now stands their new church. They then had about thirty members, and their first preacher was Rev. F. Hendricks. In 1877, they built their present house of worship, which is a comfortable building, al)Out forty by thirty feet. Tiioir nicmbershij) has not increased any of late years. TlK.-ir present pastor is Rev. J. MulhoUand. The Methodist Epis- copal denomination organized a church in 18G0, when they built the house in which they now worship. This is a commodious buihling, sixty by forty feet. Tiieir member- ship is about forty persons, ami their first minister was Rev. E. McIIugh; their j)rcsent pastor is Rev. C. J. Wells. The present schoolhouse is a two-story frame buihling, forty by twenty-eight feet, and was built in 1873. There an; two hotels in the village, kept by Henry Hathaway and V. Southard, respectively; two dry^goods stores, J. T. Robinson, and Marsh, Skidmore & Co.; one drug store, by Carson Bros.; one notion store, by Newton Reans; one hardware store, by Harriman Bros.; one wagon shop, by Painter & Son; two blacksmith shops; one shoe sho]), l)y Wm. Ballinger; one harness shop, by Rufus Ileisler; one saw-mill, by Wm. Bushong & Ham McDonald. In tiie year 1871, Loring & Co. erected a steam mill at the south end of town. This was afterwards purchased by the firm of Wil- gus & Robinson, who, in 1876 sold it to J. N. Wilgus & Son, the present owners. It is a large two-story building, and has two run of burrs. The tov/n was incorporated in 1879, and the following officers elected: Wra. Bal- linger, Mayor; Dr. Skidmore, Clerk; Dr. Maris, Treasurer; Ham McDonald, Marshal; and J. T. Robinson, F. Carson, J. N. Wil- gus, Coancilmen. The first physician was 1).-. Roberts, who came to the township in 1853, and left in the j'ear 1850. Thi; ne.xt was Dr. Reames, who came to "\^''est Mans- field in 1854; Dr. Skidmore also came in 1844; Dr. Sevan came in 1800; Dr. Maris, in 1877, and Dr. AVhitaker in 1879. The jires- ent physicians are Drs. Reames, Skiihnorc, Maris, and Whitaker. Considering its lack of advantages, such as railroads, West Mansfield outstrips every rival. Situated as it is, in a long neglected corner of the county and township, ten miles from a railroad, inde])en(l(Mit of its far-away competitors, who called it in derision, "Fip Town," it has held its own in a manner that deserves commendation. A short sketch may be here given of Ridge- way, as a part of the village lies in Bokes Creek Township, and there is a faint proba- bility of its being, at some future time, a village of f.ogan County and Bokes Creek Township, instead of astride the line as it is now. In May, 1X52, the town was laid out by Samuel ^IcCidloch and a man of the name of Bog.-, and on the 20th duy of the same month there was a sale of lots, at which HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 515 about eighty lots were disposed of. The town was named Ridgeway in honor of a raan by that name who lived in Liverpool, England, and owned 2,000 acres of land, and the spot upon which the town was laid off was in this tract. The highest lots sold for $100; the lowest at from fifteen to twenty dollars. Dr. Wooley erected the 6rst building, which was a one-story frame house. The second was erected by Robert Stephenson who kept the first hotel in the village. He still keeps tavern in the same building, which is a two- story frame house. The first dry goods store was kept l)y W. P. Hughes. Benjamin Gin kept the first postoffice. Michael Printz the first blacksmith shop. The Methodists built the first church, which was a little frame building 22x26 feet. Henry Snell was the first preacher. The schoolhouse was a frame building 22x2G feet. The town was incor- porated in 18G0. Tiio following is a list of the business men, furnished by Lee Pash: Stephenson & Co. — Flouring Mills. Koplaud & Kilmer — Saw-mill, and lumber dealers. T. .J. Cottrell, IMerchaut — Dry goods and groceries. .J. W. Culbortson, " " " K. McKlhany, " " " H. Variugton, " " •< .1. Lalio, J. Liine, " Grocery. L. Pash, Merchant — Hardware, stoves and tinware. John Davis, •' " R. .1. William, Merchant — Harness. A. D. Bailfy, " — Drug store. J. Printz — Blacksmith shop. L. Siephenson, " Jl.Ornisly, C. liourch — Pump factory. Robert Stephenson — Hotel. John Ewing — Kesiaurant. C. B. Crowe— M. D. R. Edwards— M. D. J- Sieg — Justice of the Peace, W. M. Newill— iMayor. J. Endsley— Clerk. Town Councilmen— E. B. Crowe, H. L. Pash, J. M. Thomas, R. J. Williams, W. M. Riley, John Williams. There was a lodge of the I. O. O. F. organ- ized June 29 , 1880, by Peter Kautzman. There are two fine village churches, belong- ing to the Presbyterians and Methodists. The sehool building is a two-story brick. They have, however, bargained for a fine new school building, to be finished at the cost of C5,000. The village is on the C, C, C. & I. Railway, about thirteen miles from Kenton and sixteen miles from Bellefontaine. The first divine services in Bokes Creek Township were held by the Methodists at the cabin of John Hill, which was used as a preaching place for seven years. There was a society formed of that denomination in that section of the township. Andy ^Yilson was their class leader. Rev. Steven Holland was one of the first preachers. Doctor Green also frequently preached at Mr. Hill's house. About the year 1840 a man by the name of Allen held the first revival in the Rush Creek settlement. At the close of the revival he went to Grassy Point where he eloped with another man's wife. After tliis circumstance he was called the " corn-stalk preacher" by settlers. But what signification the name has in connection with the erring evangelist we cannot say. Services were held for some tiuK! in the old brick schoolhouse. There is still a small society of about a dozen mem- bers in this locality. Tliey now use tho old White Swan schoolhouse as a jjlace of wor- ship. In 1847 there was a society of Metho- dists organized in Bokes Creek. The first meetings were held in Thomas Simpson's house. The same year there was an old fashioned schoolhouse built, si.xteen by eighteen feet in which they organized. \'\'ni. Furrow was appointed class leader which office he has held for thirty years. William Knapp and William Wareham were the first Pastors. Here they worshiped for ten years, and during the time had one of the most spirited revivals ever known in the back- woods. The number of membership was in- creased from about ten to sixty-two. In 185S a new frame church was built on the banks of Bokes Creek, forty- five by thirty-five feet. 516 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Tlie membership was then sixty ; the present is about thirty, and R->v. John Graham is the Pastor. In the northeast corner of tiie township is an organization of Quakers, con- sisting- of about forty members. Tills society was begun about 18G0. They first held their meetings in a private house which they pur- chased and changed into a church. About twelve j-ears ago they Ijuilt the house they now occupy ; it is a small, plain little church, built in old Quaker style, and in it they meet every Sabliath. Rev. Mr. Moore occasionally preaches for the Disciples in the township. There is, how- ever, no organization of that denomination. Mr. Moore is an earnest, eloquent and effective minister. The first sabbath school was held in Solomon Smith's house, in the Rush Creek Settlement. It was superintended by James Doby, wlio was also a common school teacher. Sabbath school was also held in the old brick schoolliouse in the same locality. There are now five or six different sabbath schools in Bokes Creek Township. The first abolition speeches were made by Chase, Boweher and Emerson. The two for- mer were Methodist Episcopal preachers, and were afterwards silenced. Moses Emerson and Jacob Keller were the first two abolition voters in the townshi]). The cause liere at first met few friends and many strong enemies. There never was, however, any violence or in- sult heaped on the early agitators. There were many threats made of mobbing them, but cool judgment always kept sway. There was a Know Nothing society organized by Doctor Doran in the year 185G. This society was secret, and held its meetings at private houses, in Bokes Creek Township. Its Presi- dent was J. W. Green; Vice-President, C. H. Thornton; Treasurer, Thomas Simpson; Sec- retary, Christie Williams; Chaplain, William Furrow. The members of this society claim that they bad a grand object in view, and that they, having gained this object, quiet" y dis- banded. We know that their motto was " Americans ought to rule America," but what the great object was they achieved is to this day a nij'stcry. At the beginning of the war the anti-slav- ery spirit and loyalty to tiie Union cause were at their highest pitch. In 1S02 the s^-mpathizers of the Rebellion obtained a sjiot in the north end of West Mansfield to hold a mass meeting. On tiie appointed daj' there was a large, enthusiastic delegation of all the Tories and disloyal roughs Newton could col- lect and form into a line. As they ap- proached the village of West Mansfield one of their marshals rode ahead and inquinnl (,f some boys where the grounds were to which he was to conduct his procession. The boys told him on the west side of the town. He accordingly led his procession in that direc- tion tlirough the town, until he discovered his mistake. When he had turned his line and was leadine: it round the corner where J. T. Robinson's store now stands, he found the street blockaded by boys. Ho rode up to one of them, cocked liis pistol and told him to give the road. He was then informed by men on the opposite side that he liad better not shoot for there were plenty more to return his fire. After they had arrived at the grounds the boys fired old logs and brush around the stage, which smoked them so badly that the speak- ers grew hoarse and dizzy, and the hearers were so affected (by the smoke) that the teara streamed down tiieir cheeks. On their way homeward, in ]iassing through tiic town, they were met by Union boys who blockaded the road and kept them at a stand-still for more than two hours, swearing and threatening, with loaded rilles, revolvers and shot-guns cocked, ready for a fight. Finally they were told if they woiikl go jieaceably out of town they could go home. These conditions they were too glad to comply with, and their HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 5] 7 marshals' horses were led to the edge of the viUage by the citizens, followed bj' the pro- cession. The first school teacher in the township was, perhaps, John Doby, who taught school in Solomon Smith's house, as early as 1843. In 1S-4G Mr. Hill hewed the logs for the first schoolhouse, which was 20 x 18 feet, and stood on the farm now owned by Trig McAdams. It had a pole chimney six feet wide. Perry Hughes taught the first school in this house. About ten years after this house was built, there was a brick schoolhouse erected about tiiree hundred yards from where the first stood. hi 1810 the tlood Hope schoolhouse was built, and the old brick and log school- house of other days have disaj)peared. In 1847 a round log schoolhouse was built on Bokes Creek. The first teacher in the house was a lady by the name of MeAdow; the first male teacher was M. Chase. They re- ceived $15 and $25 for their services. In 1856 there was a frame schoolhouse 2-4 x IS feet, built on a corner of the farm of William Safi^el. This was the schoolhouse for twenty years and in it were held some spirited liter- ary societies, a pastime for which this section of the township, had a taste. In 187G there was another building erected on the farm of James Crane. As this was built in the Cen- tennial year, the school is called by the same name, " The Centennial." About the year 1850, there was a log school- house built in the northeast corner of the tdwnship. A few years after on the same site there was a frame house built, but was burnt to the ground a few months after. School was afterwards held in an old log house, now belonging to Ross M'illiams. In the year 1870, the house was built which is now stand- ing. Its size is twenty-two by twenty-eight feet. The burning of the schoolhouse above mentioned, was supposed to be the work of a man in the fallen timber, whose object was to bring the school within the reach of his family. There was accordingly a schoolhouse built oii the corner of the farm now owned by Robert Early, but has been abandoned, there being a schoolhouse built in that settlement about the year 1876, called the "Quaking Ash School." The following is the last school report, made to the County Auditor: Amount paid to teachers, §2,056, amount paid for fuel, etc., §2,- 307.36; number of sub-districts, 9; num- ber of schoolhouses in township, 10; total value of school property, $3,000; number of teachers to supply the schools, 11; number of different teachers employed during the j'ear — males, 13; females, 8; total, 21. Average wages paid teachers per month^ — males, $31; females, $20. Number of pupils enrolled — males, 199; females, 103; total, 362. We are indebted to Doctor Whitaker for the following history of the West Mansfield Schools: '* When the village first began to assume the appearance of a town there was no school. The children then went to the nearest country schools, which were in exist- ence long before anj' town was known here. The Chase Schoolhouse, three-fourths of a mile north of the town, being the nearest. Thp, Skidmore School, two miles south of town, in Perry Township, was the school of pioneer times, a sort of parent to the other bchools which sprung up around it. The first schoolhouse in the village was the house now occupied by Mrs. Robinson, and the first and only term taught in it was b\' Alonzo Harvcv. This, was, perhaps, twenty-five years ago. Sub- sequently a schoolhouse was built at the north end of town (size twenty-four by twenty-six), and the first teacher was Rounce Hathaway, a thorough-going, rough-and-ready old gentle- man, who chewed a " fip's worth " of " dog- log" tobacco every day; the motion of his jaws being almost incessant. He made the big boys toe the mark and explode the vowels like pop-guns. Other teachers were 518 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. .^Vlonzo Harvey, Louis Harvey, and others whose names are not now recalled. The schools were generally full, for this part of the country increased fully -as rapidly in popu- lation as in improvements. At a later day the schools was taught by Louis Votaw, Wm. Eeid, Emanuel AVhitaker, James Skidmoro, and others equally as meritorious, whose names are not remembered. In 1873, in consequence of the rapid growth in numbers, the old schoolhouse, it was decided, was too small for the proper instruc- tion of the pupils, and a new two-story build- ing was erected, seated with the improved patent seats and desks, and costing about $1,400. The first two terms were taught by E. Whitaker, Principal, and Miss Ella Elliott (now Mrs. W. Southard), as teacher of the Grammar Dcjiartment. These rooms were al- most over-filled from tlie first, and a deep in- terest was manifested by the pupils in their studies. Punctuality, order and gOod les- sons were the requirements of the teachers, and were faithfully lived up to by the pupils. Since then William .1. "Watkins and Alice Inskeep; Coleman Inskei-p, Lewis Votaw, Knowlton Keller, R. S. Plotner, Lydia Maris, \\'illiam 51. Carson, Laura Carson, John Ham- ilton, Joseph H. Wylie, Ella Votaw, Harvey G. Sutton and Maggie Embry, have severally tausrht, most of wliom were professional teachers, and have had good success. Mr. Sutton has taught the past two terms as prin- cipal and gives good satisfacton. The school is at the present time in a flourishing condi- tion, and it has been decided by the Board to build another room for the benefit of the in- creasing nundjcr of pupils. At the commence- ment of the last school year the school was separated from the control of the Townshij) Uoard and cslablishcd into a village school, under the law establishing and maintaining village school districts. The jjresent mem- bers of the Board are James T. Robinson, J. R. Skidmore, Nathaniel Grant, Jerry Benedict, Samuel Forrey and P. M. Keller. Prices paid teachers are §50 a month in the higher department, and if'io and ij20 in the intermediate and primary departments. The people are intelligent, enterprising, thrifty, and generally religious. There has not been a murder committed in the township since its settlement. Considering the late period of its settlement, and numerous dis- advantages and drawbacks, the improvement and development of Bokes Creek Township has been more rapid than any other township in Logan County. It has surmounted evury obstacle, and rose above every difficulty, till to-day finds the forests that were so dense fifty years ago that the settler could find no bare spot on which to erect a cabin, turned intogreen fields and pnubictive farms. -l^ HISTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY. 519 UXIOS TOWXSHIP- CH AFTER XX. -PHYSICAL FEATURES — EARLY SETTLEMENT— INCIDENTS OF PROMINENT PIONEERS— CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. IN the southern tier of townships in Logan Count}', just west of the middle part, lies Union Township. It is a. rectangular body, about four and a half by five miles square, and is bounded on the north by Harrison, on the east by Liberty, on the south by the county line, and west by Jliami. Stony Creek sjiters about midway from the north and south ends of the township from Liberty, and passes across in a general northwesterly direction, with its branches running north and south from the main streams. This affords the only natural drainage, save as the numerous lakes in this township subserve the same purpose. The surface of the township is high, rolling ground, abounding in those finely-fashioned hollows that look like dimples in the face of nature, and in many of these some of the little lakes for which I^ogan County is noted have found place. The principal ones are the Twin Lakes, located on th ac- cumulated a fine ])ro])erty, which his sons are enjoying to-ilaj'. His lirsl start was to rent two fields for cidtivation. While earing for this work, his landlord came about directing him, as he felt in an od'ensive manner, when lie threw up his lease and declared that he woidd never plant another grain until he plantecl it on his own land. He made good his word, and struggled up to a fine competency. Ho 'W £t HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 521 was a member of the first jury in Logan county, and heard the first preaching of his life in his own cabin. A vivid picture of the old time is found in his address to the Pioneer Association, and we give it in his own \*ords. He said when his father came to this country, there were three Indians to one white man. " The cabins had but one room, in which they lived, ate and slept. Furniture was scarce. When he was married and moved into his cabin, he made a cupboard by putting together some rough clapboards with wooden pins- -for there were no nails then nearer than Urbana — which was their 'dfesser.' The first table they ever had was made with an ax, hewine: out rouffh boards and piiming them together. The first thing- he ever put salt into was a gum. In their room was a spinning-wheel, beds, bins for grain, etc. In 1818 he built a log house, with- out door or window; he sawed a hole to go in and out at, and, as there was no floor below they slept upon the loft, and cooked outside; the stock took shelter beneatii. In the day he worked hard cutting hay, and at night worked at his house, and when they got a mud chimney completed, so thev could have a fire in the house, it was the happiest moment of their lives. He wore homespun then, and all he had was a pair of tow-linen pants and a shirt, but no drawers or boots, and considered he was very well prepared for winter. Like a great manj', he bought land, and had to work hard to clear and pay for it. This was slow work without money or mar- kets; but he kept on, and after a while popu- lation increased a little, but they could not sell anything. A bushel of wheat could not be sold for twenty-five cents. They had no mon- ey, and the only way they could pay for their land was to raise hogs, cattle etc., which broiight but little profit. He had raised many a fine steer for ten dollars, which would now be worth sixt\- dollars. They had no other means of gettiug money except by hunting for furs, and could not buy tea and colfee, etc., but they had plenty of venison and raccoon, and many a good meal he had made of it. He thought society was better then than now; they had not so much to do, and time was not so precious as now. Now we had not- time to visit, but then people went several miles, and when they had got a good fiddler and a puncheon floor, would dance all night, and go home with the girls in the morning. After awhile he began to advance in the world and prosper; he bought a new cotton shirt, and thought he was coming out. In a short time he bought another, and then he had a change. But since then there had been a great change."* The Moores were early settlors in Union. Robert came from Union Township, in Penn- sylvania, to Cincinnati in 1798, and from thence to Clarke County in 180(\ and to tlu; farm now owned by H. A. Haling, in 1807. His son Samuel was a cabini^t-maker, and plied his trade- in tlie new country, supplying th(i community with coffins and furniture at very satisfactory prices, if we compare them with the present. It is said that he made a wind- mill that was the wonder and admiration of his time, and they would probably prove no less a wonderment at this day. The community here was very slow in its growth. Speculators had bought up the land in this vicinity and were holding it at an ad- vanced price, so that settlers went furthcT on and got cheaper lands. Here the nearest point for milling was at King's Creek, and mail and store sujiplies could be secured only at Urbana. When they first began to sow wheat, the blackbirds came in swarms and picked up the grain as fast as it could be sown, in spite of every exertion to keep them away. At length, when a crop was grown, it proved to be "sick wheat," i. e., it grew so rank that * Antrim's History. •f i® r~ — r- — *" '-U k. 522 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. it caused sic-kiicss when it was used, so that it had to be tlirowii away. The first mills were on Stoiiv Creek, and were known as Tiioni- ^ n's and ]31aylock's mills. In giving her I arly recollections in ^\i]trim's History, Mrs. Sarah M. Moore says: " In those days we had what was termed Overseers of the Poor, and Fence-viewers, who were duly elected at the annual township election. The duties in- cunil)ent on the Overseer of the Poor was to order them out of the township if they were deemed villainous or vagabonds. Otherwise, in case of destitution, the children were bound out to servitude until capable of taking care of themselves. The duties of Fence- viewers was to examine the condition of fences. There were no picket or board fences in those days in our place, but split rails were fashionable, with a slip gap, or pair of bars at best. According to law, a fence must be in a condition to turn stock of any kind, or else the owner could recover no damages for the breach, or the spoiling of his crops by stock that was running at large. The wild woods and prairies were our past- ures in those days. A laughable occurrence hapi)ened at the spring election one year. Tlie men, wisiiing to have a little fun, elected Adam llhudes, a remarka))ly tall man, and llirani White, a small man, as Fence-viewers. Adam was to chin the fence, and Hiram to look after the pig-holes." Hogs formed an important feature in frontier life, and wore to be I'liund evcrywher.-. An incident in rela- tion to the old-fashioned way of "raising" them is told by Mrs. Mooro lus follows: '•Two neighbors got into a dispute altout the owiuership of a certain hog, which they both eluimed. One, being more shrewd and less Bcrupuliius aliout honesty or truth than tlic (illu'r, got a man to swear before a Justice of the IV-ace that he knew the hog to be his, becausi- he know that he raised it. It was afterward asciTtained that the way he raised It was that he stooped over a low fence and lifted it off its feet by the bristles. Hogs had bristles in those days. A lean shoat could well be compared to a fish, the bristles answering to the fins on the back, while the sides were as flat, with mutton hams to match. Stealing or killing hogs in the woods was a very common occurrence. Very frequently hogs would come running home with torn and bloody cars, and one or two missing. The jjoor Indian had to bear the blame often when the deed was done by some white sinner. This subject oeeu]>ied so large a space in the ])ublic mind that Robert Moore suggested tliat the new county should be called Bristle County. It was a common thing for cattle to come uj) with one missing, and upon search being made it would be found swani]>ed in the mud somewhere. Neighbors would assist each other, and with hand-spikes and ropes, pry up and drag out. Sometimes the poor creature could stand after it would get on solid footing, and sometimes it would have to be lifted to its feet for days and weeks. Each owner of stock hail to have his own peculiar mark, which was done by slitting and ero|)ping, and cutting the oars, and then having their mark recorded in the public records of the county. " Men used to have a cruel and silly jirac- tice of what they called docking their horses. The manner in which it was done was to part the hair about six or eight inches from the jioint of the tail, then take a sharp ax and set the pole on the horse's rump, turn the tail up over the edge of the a.\ and then, with maul, or heavy mallet, strike it hard. It took four men to do it — one to hold the head, one to hold the tail, one to hold the ax, and the fourth was the executioner. Another jiractice, which was still more ridiculous, was nicking, which was done by cutting the tendons on the under part of the tail, and turning it up and fastening it in that jjosition vl«- r HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 523 until the wound would heal up. Young men thought they made a grand display when thej^ rode by with a nick-tailed horse. " But we had some noble boys among us in early times — young men who could cut and split 200 or 300 rails in a day, pile and burn brush at night, or shell their sack of corn and ride with it on horseback to mill. The girls could milk the cows, churn the butter, make the cheese, pull the flax, spin, weave and bleach it, and then make it up for the boys. They could help shear the sheep, then card and spin the wool, color it and weave it, and then make dresses of it. Such was fron- tier life fifty or sixty years ago. "About the year 1810 or 1811, there was felt a shock of earthquake, which caused a dis- tinct vibration of some three inches of skeins of yarn that were suspended from the joist of our log cabin. Well do I remember how frightened I was when my father told us what it was. " Of game there was plenty. Deer were often seen in herds, six, eight or ten together. How beautiful thej^ were, leaping- over hills or across the prairies, with their white flags waving. But the poor creatures were hunted and slaughtered without mercy by both white and Indian hunters. The sly and sneaking wolf, too, was often seen skulking through the brush, and woe betide the poor sheep that was unhoused at night. These depredators were often caught in traps, as their scalps brought the round price of S4. Occasionally a bear was killed. A little son of William Moore, living on McKee's Creek, near where the Bellefontaine and West Liberty turn- pike crosses it, was sent after the cows one evening. Ho always carried his trusty rifle on such occasions, and in passing through the woods he espied a huge black bear standing with its paws on a log close by, ajsparently ■watching him. Without waiting to think of the consequences should he miss his aim, he blazed away, and down came bruin, the ball entering his forehead. Bill at once ran home to tell his father, who could scarcely believe the story. ' But, father, just come and see,' said Billy. He went, and there, sure enough, was the bear, a very large animal, weighing nearly 400 pounds, lying dead beside the log. " It would be almost impossible to give the young folks of to-day an adequate idea of the immense flocks of blackbirds that used to collect about our cornfiehLs. They would be seen coming in flocks, by the thou- sand, and alighting on the corn, about the time it was in good ortler for roast- ing, tearing open the husk and feasting on the soft corn. Then there was work for the boys, with the horse rattler, old tin pails, or anything to scare off the birds. But, not- withstanding this, they destroyed some fields almost entirely. Pigeons, though more plentiful than blackbirds, were not so mis- chievous. At certain times of the year, in favorable seasons, they might be seen flying in such flocks overhead as to almost darken the air, and in continuous lines for miles in length. One season the pigeon-roost was at a place called Beaver Dam, in Union Town- ship, where they collected in such vast num- bers as to break down the timber. Large limbs would be broken off trees, and saplings bent to the ground. " Rattlesnakes were also plenty. Well do I remember the time when t(uite a large one got into our house, and was found coiled up at the foot of the bed where my lirothers were slee])ing. Feeling something at their feet, they called father, who, grasping a large iron poker, dexterously pitched it into the fire. Shortly after, the dog was making a great ado outside the house. FatJicr went out, and there was another snake, no doubt mate to the one in the house, which he also killed. " A very important thing in frontier com- munities, after corn was grown and harvested, f ^U ,t, 524 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. was to know liow to make it available for family use. In making liominy, the first thing was to prepare the mortar to pound it in. This was done by sawing off a log about two feet in diameter and tlirec feet long, then chopping it in from one end, leaving a rim for the bottom; then dressing it off smooth in the shape of a goblet, setting it up on the bottom and piling chijM or bark on the top, and burn- ing it out, on the inside, taking care to leave a rim at the outer edge. When this was done, it was dressed out smooth and clean. Then shell about half a bushel of corn, pour boiling water on it, in some vessel, and let it stand a spell; then pour the water off and turn it in the hominy block. The pestle for pounding it was made by taking a stout stick, about like a handspike, shaving it smooth, splitting one end and inserting an iron wedge, such as is used in splitting rails, taking care to have an ir.4G; State tax, ^405.00; local ta.\, 8;!)3.G2; total amount paid teachers this year, $1,105 ; value of school property, §2,000; average wages to gentlemen, S41 per month; ladies $33; average enrollment — boys, 86; girls, 78. -f @ W- -^ — A^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 527 CHAPTER XXI.* WASHIXGTOX TOWNSHIP— IXTRODUCTIOX— THE LEWISTOWN RESERVATION— SETTLEMENT— SCHOOLS— CHURCHES, ETC. Where late the Indian wigwams stood, Deep in the unbounded range of wood; Where scarce the sun Could penetrate the twilight sliade, Now domes of science stand displayed. ***** * * Here dove-eyed peace, triumphant reigns. And, o'er the cultivated plains, In converse sweet gay nymphs and swains Delighted, rove. Pierce. • Tt is less than half a century since the Red man held undisputed and peaceful possession of the territory now comprised in Washington Townsliij). Forests, whose dense foliage so completely enshrouded the earth that scarce a ray of sunlight reached its virgin soil, covered the lands. Where now stands the thriving hamlet with its busy industries, its church and its school, was until a compara- tively recent date, but a meager collection of wretched Indian habitations. The sur- roundings, a wild wilderness, dense, gloomy and silent, save perhaps at night, when the fierce, piercing cry of the wolf, or the grim hoot of the owl made the solitude still less attractive. By the keen ax and the strong anus of the sturdy woodsman, a wonderful transformation has beeYi wrought. Small tracts of woodland only now remain; smooth, well fenced and highly cultivated fields appear ; finely graded and graveled thoroughfares, thrifty patches of orcharding; substantial, and in some instances, elegant dwellings, and well kept schoolhouses are fouiid everywhere. The slow, meek-eyed ox and the cumbrous ♦Contributed by Dr. J. H. Se Cheverell. wagon of the pioneer time have well nigh departed from the face of the earth, and in their place we find the trim, fast-stepping horse, with his gold or silver-mounted trap- pings, and the stylish carriage, so delicately constructed that an hour's drive among the stumps and roots of a pioneer road would leave the occupant in much the same predica- ment as the deacon in his "one-horse shay." When it " All at once, and nothing first, Just as bubbles do wlien tliey burst," resolved itself into its constituent elements. But, however pleasant this theme may be, space admonishes us that matters of greater imjiort should occupy ovir jjage. The lands now constituting the Township of Washington consist of fractions of Ranges 8, 9, 1*4 and 15, in Townships 2, 3, C, 7 and 8, in the original Congressional division. The boundaries are, in general terms, as follows: north by the Lewistown Reservoir; south by Pleasant Township; east by the Townships of Richland, McAi-thur and Harrison, and west by Pleasant, Bloomfield and Stokes. In size Washington is of an average width of two miles, east and west, by about six miles north and south. The "Greenville treaty line," which is fully described elsewhere in this work, passes through the township in a northeasterly direction, cutting off about one- third of the south part. North of this line was the Indian Reservation, hence the only lands in the tovroship subject to purchase or settlement prior to the removal of the Indians were to the southward, and the plose proximity V !^ 528 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. of -.he reservation prevented a rapid influx of settlers until after the year 183"2. The streams arc: the Miami River, issuing from and forming the outlet of the Reservoir. From near the east township line the river flows southwest until reaching the nortliwest corner of Bloomfield Township, when it turns south, forming the boundary line between that township and the one under considera- tion. This water-course is now of little ini- jiortance. Cherokee Man's Run flows from the east into the Miami river. Numerous small streams flow into the Miami from dif- fci-ent portions of the township. The largest of these is Inky Creek, in the extreme south- ern portion of tho township. None of tliese streams arc of any value, save as furnishing an outlet for the superfluous moisture in the soil. "The Lewistown R(>servoir" has its bulkhead in this township. Originally a large natural ])ond, called " Indian Lake," existed in tliis and the adjoining townships of Stokes and Richland. The necessity of a reservoir to sujiply water-])Owcr to a branch of the .Miami canal j)resented itself several years ])rovious to its improvement. In 1850 a re- solution to establish a Reservoir was report- ed upon favoralily by the Board of Canal (Commissioners, and an act passed authorizing the same. The " Indian Lake" and surround- ing lands were condemneil, and the owners remunerated. Nine years later an amenda- tory act was ])assed, and the State entered into a contract for the enlargement of the reservoir. Subsequently, however, the State was released from the ctHitract on payment of *I)(),tlOO. The reservoir now covers an area of i:?,OfiO acres, abcMit 3,000 of which arc in Washington Township. So says Thonuis Axtell, Government Su])erintcndcnt of the works. ' The soil of Washington Township is of two kinds, that in the eastern portion being largely clay, with occasional gravel, and in the west a black loam is found to be almost the only variety. Wheat, corn and grass are the prevailing crops, and no better yields are produced in this portion of the State. The native varieties of timber did not difl'cr ma- terially from those of the surrounding town- ships, being chiefly oak, beech, hard and soft maple, walnut, hickory, etc. Game of all kinds, but especially the deer and w'ild tur- key, was abundant in the early settlement of the township. Wolves were numerous, and so destructive to sheep, that it was only by the most careful attention they were kejit at all. Strong pens were built of logs, and in these the sheep were confined at night. It is said the howls of the wolves, as they tramjicd around these enclosiires, were somcthinir ter- rible, and it was a long time before one could accustom themselves to sleep uiuler the in- fliction. Occasionally a bear woidd pay a visit to the settlement; this was, however, by no means frequent, and usually a hunt ensued in which Bruin lost his life. Prior to the year 1838 the territory now known as Washington Township was attach- ed to Bloomfield. The Miami River flowing between the townships, was usually swollen by the fall and spring rains, and being with- out bridges, the attendance upon elections was not accomplished without considerable danger to the dwellers on the eastern shore. At last it was decided to make an iirt)rt to secure a separate organization, and accord- inglv a ])ctitioii was pres(>ntcd to the ]$oard of County Commissioners at their annual ses- sion in December, asking that the " territory to the east of the Miami River, be erected a separate township," to be named in honor of the " Father of our Country." The ])rayer of the petitioners was granted, ami early in Jan- >iary following (1S30), an election for town- ship oflici'rs was held, which residted in the selection of the following: Jonathan Plumb, John H. Rcnick and Daniel Downs, HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. I 620 Trustees; John Hogge, Clerk; Isaac Plumlj, Treasurer; Michael H. Kaylor and William W. Rairden, Justices of the Peace. It was several years afterward before the population in the new township grew sufficiently numer- ous to warrant a division into road and school- districts. The township roster for the year 1880 contains the following : John Trout, Amos Cherry and Sahithiel Prater, Trustees; John Ansley, Clerk; E. L. Ward, Treasurer; Lewis Martin, Assessor; W. T. G. Snyder and A. J. Monroe, Justices of the Peace. The Indian Peservation previously men- tioned extended from the " Greenville treaty line" northward; its eastern boundary, the present township line; its western the Jliaini River, and thence northward; embracing an area of 40,300 acres. This reservation was granted at a treaty held at Maunn>e Rapids, on September 29, 1817, and was for the benefit of the Seneca and Shawnee tribes, who, in accordance with its provisions, soon estab- lished their residence thereon. They con- tinued upon the territory imtil the negotia- tion of another treaty for their removal, on April G, 1832, soon after which they took their departure westward. James B. Gard- ner, of Bellefontaine, was Commissioner at this time, and John Mcllvain, successor to .lames McPherson, Agent. The transfer was made without difBculty, and the " exodus " produced general rejoicing amongst the set- tlers in the vicinity. The following, from Howe's Historical Collections, so fully illustra- tes the honesty of the average Aborigine, that it is reproduced in this connection: "James McPherson, the former sub-agent, kept goods for sale for which they (the Indians), often got in debt. Many were slow in making pay- ment, and one in particular was so tardy that Major McPherson urged him with consider- aljlo vehemence to jiay up. The Indian in- quired if he would take hides for the debt, and being answered in the affirmative, he promised to bring- them in aliout foiu' davs. Starting into th(j forest, he shot several of the government cattle, a vast number of which were scattered through the woods, and de- livered their hides punctually according to promise." James McPherson was the proprietor of an extensive tract of land in the eastern part of Washington Township, given him by the In- dians and, this is believed to have been the first lands owned by a white man in the township. During the residence of the In- dians in the township, as early as 1820, a man named Stewart lived in a little log cabin on the river, where John Moore now lives, and an- other, Bi'iijamin Ray, lived on land now owned by Thomas Rathburn. These were among the very first whit« families who lived in the town- ship. They were doubtless squatters, and their stay brief, as no one knows anything of their subsequent history. In the summer of 1832, immediately following the departure of the In- dians, a few white families came into the township and began settlement. The names of these, who were the first permanent set- tlers in the township, are as follows: Henry Ilanford, a native of New York, purchased COO acres of land in and around Lewistown; a daughter, Mrs. B. F. McKinnon, at present occupies a portion of this trat^t. Michael Carnes, a Virginian, owned a large tract of land on the eastern boundary line, adjoining the Greenville treaty line. His widow now lives in Harrison Township. William and Alexander Kirkpatrick'purchased an extensive body of land along the Miami River. Wil- liam S. Lowry, settled a large tract in the north part of the territory. Abraham Cherry bea:an settlement on a farm in Sections 14 and 23, now occupied by a son, Amos. James Renick purchased land adjoining Lowry. Joseph Kave, Isaac Cooper and John Hogge, settled al)out Lewistown. ISIrs. Plum came from Virginia, with five children, and located it^ 530 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. on 460 acres of land southwest of Lewistown ; hut one son, Isaac, now residos in the town- shi]), though numerous descendants live in tjio vicinity'. James B. McKinnon and family settled south of the "treaty line," on land he still occupies. Among early settlers were Alexander Trout, Joseph and David Dearduff, .lames Craig, John Williams, Samuel Fire- stone, Daniel Downs, Isaac demons, John and George Mefford, John Price, Daniel Mar- tin, John Parish, George Strickland, Dennis Moore, John F. Amos, John Bronson, Philip Siiade and George Weaver. From this period the arrivals in this section increased with hopeful rajiidlty — the era of jieace and prosperity had surely arrived. Progress was slowly, surely made; the log ^ houses became more numerous and the clear- ings increased rajiidly in area. Frame build- ings began to a])])ear; the pioneers, assured of safety, laid better plans for the future, re- sorted to new industries, enlarged their posses- sions, and improved the means of cultivation. More commodious structures took the place of the old ones; the large double cabin of lie wed logs took the place of the smaller hut; log and frame barns were constructed. Ne.\t, society began to lorm itself; the sclioolhouse and Jlie chuji^'li :i[jMai^H|^Mid though rude, y uncomfortalile with- ^^ ng stridi; onward. Still there reni^pFna vast work to jierform, for as yetonlyH beginnidfr had been made in the Western wood^^W"' brunt of the struggle, hiiwever, was'phVt, and a way opened into the wilderness. In this, as in all pioneer settlements, great inconvenience was experiencefl for the want ji)f means by which to convert the grain into II ('Hidition suitable for breail-making. Fore- most in the jrppliances for that purpose was the "stump mortar;" following this was the hand-mill, a slow and tedious process of pre- paring one's " daily bread," still it was an improvement on its predecessor. Next came the grist-mill propelled by horse-jiower, or jier- ha])s by the waters of some convenient creek, rude and far from perfect as compared to the mills of to-day, yet its advent was far in ad- vance of anything preceding it. The pio- neer mill in Washington was built in 1835, by E. G. Hanford, upon a small stream some three- fourths of a mile east of Lewistown. This pioneer indnstrj' was a great convenience, and ,was witUdy patronized for some years, but has now gone to decay. Subsecpiently a steam saw-mill was erected by Hanford, Stamats and Conlev, on the east line of the village, and to this, one run of stone for grinding corn was added. The ])resent steam saw-mill in Lewistown was completed during the fall of 1873, and is now owned by .lohn Rood and H. Clay. During the year 1803 AA'^ashington Township was blessed (?) with a distillery. Jacob Westenhaver was the pro- prietor of this questionable addition to the prosperity of the community. It subse- quently became the property of John and Jacob Hall, who failed to make the returns required by law, and the establishment was confiscated by the Government. This, with a taimer}', not a vestige? of which now re- mains, concludes the industries of the town- ship. The hamlet of Lewistown is said to have been named in lionor of "Captain" John Lewis, " a somewhat noted chief of the Shawnee tribe, who was living within the recollection of the earliest settlers," in a log house standing on the site of the present residence of Dr. B. F. McKinnon; in fact, a portion of this log house is now incorporated in Dr. McKinnon's dwelling. Tliis I^ewis is spoken of as being fully as la/v and filthy as the average Aborigiin>; a white wonniii, named Polly Keyser, lived with him to "do his drudgery." Quite a collection of log and bark huts stood along the bank of the small stream ^'. A fllSTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY. Ooo skirtiIl^• the eastern portion of Lcwistown, and possibly this suggested the idea of mak- ing a plat of the ground; at least the fact re- mains that in 1833 Harvej- Hanford caused a survej^ and plat to be made embracing twen- ty-five acres of land in the vicinity, and soon after Elijah Bruuk erected the first building by civilized hands on the town plat. . It was constructed of hewed logs, and became the home of the builder. The first frame house in the " village " was built by a man nam(>d Conly, who was the pioneer shoemaker in the place. A few j-ears subsequent to the mak- ing of thi> plat Mr. Hanford erected a build- ing, and in this opened a stock of goods. \ postoffici! was next established, and he be- came Postmaster. The mails were carried oh horseback, arriving and departing once each week, and as much oftener as the state of the streams and roads would admit. A semi- weekly hack-line now runs from Bellefon- taine to Anna Station, via Lewistown. J. Springer is the present postmaster. The pioneer " tavern " was under the manage- ment of .John Pell, who began to " take in " tlie traveling imblio as early as 1840. The hotel building was of logs and frame, and stood on lands now owned by George W. Berry. Th(> first discij)lc of yEsculapius to find an abiding-place upon the historic soil of Lewistown was Morehead. He did not remain long, and was succeeded h\ a Dr. Lewis, who, it is alleged, became connected v/ith a gang of counterfeiters — at least he eventually "took himself off"' by suicide. Dr. Pollock came ne.\t, and he, in turn, gave place to B. F. MoKinnon, the only physician now in the township, and who is said to be a practitioner of more than average ability. Lewistown now contains one dry goods and two grocery stores, two blacksmith, one harness and one shoe-shop, a liotel, church and school. Situated immediately west of Lewistown is an ancient burial place, probably occupied for the ]iurpose of inter- ment long before the white man gained a footing in this vicinity. The remains of Lewis McCauley were the first civilized inter- ment. The first schoolhousc north of the Green- ville treaty line was located in Lewistown. It was of unhewn logs and rough in its con- struction, yet it is presumed the birchen rod cut as deeply, and the "young idea" learned as eifectually "to shoot," within its bark- covered walls as in the more pretentious school buildings of the jirosent day. This building was erected in 1333, and was occupied until 1840, when it gave place to a comfort- able frame schoolhousc. This is now the dv.'ell- ing of .lacob Grouse. The Lewistown special school district was formed in 1874, and the following directors elected: Jacob Harncr, B. S. 13. Stamats and Amos Cherry. A neat school building with two rooms was erected during the summer of 1874, and the school organized with jjrimary and grammar depart- ments. The writer has been unable to learn the date of the erection of the first school- house in the southern portion of the town- ship. Following are the school statistics for Washington Township, including the special district, for the year ending August 31, 1879: Wliole niuiilicr of scliolars 308 Aniomit piiiil te.acliors §1,674 Niinibcr of .''cluio' houses 7 Value, with grounds 52,000 Early in the settlement of the township religious services were held in the cabip.s of the pioneers and iater in the schoolhousos. Thus was an interest in the cause of Christ awakened, and the formation of a church soon followed. .lames B. McKinnon, Esq., fur- . nishes the following data : The first church formed in what is now "Washington Township was of the Methodist Protestant faith; the period, during the latter part of the year 183tj ; the place, a little log-cabin standing on the ^^ 4 534 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. farm then belonging: to Gabriel H. Banes; Rev. John B. Lucas in cliarge of what was then Siiringfield Circuit, conducted the meet- ings here, assisted })y Rev. David Moore and Lewis Hicklen. Among the iirst members were : G. H. Banes and wife, Josiah Mc- Kinnon and wife, Mrs. Mary Harrison, Mrs. Catherine Smith and daughter, Mrs. Jonathan Plumb and .Mrs. Shade. In March, 1S37, J. B. McKiiinon and wife located nc^ar and be- crame iiifnd)ers, and in June of the same year William Black and wife, late of Pennsyl- vania, united with the Church. Services were held in the log house about referred to, for perhajjs one vear. when by reason of the sale of the projierty, the place of worship was changed to the dwelling house of G. H. Banes, and after a time to the schoolhouse on James B. McKiinion's farm; next at the liouse of Jonathan Plumb and afterward at the schoolhouse in Lewistown. During the sum- mer of ISoo the society erected the meeting- house at this village they still occupy. This is a wood structure and cost some IsTOO; Jona- tlian Pbunb, James B. and Daniel ^^'". Mc- Kinnon were the i)uilding committee. Of the constituent members of this church, !)ut one now remains, Mrs. Catherine Smith, who now lives in Lewistown. Since the completion of the church edifice a Sunday Sidior)l has been in continuous operation, and has now a total enrollment of eighty scholars. The member- ship of the church now numbers eighty (June> 1880). l!ev. B. F. Tucker is the jiresent Pas- tor. For many years subsequent to the for- mation of this society, no' effort was made by any other deiKuninaliou to form a cinirch in the townshi]). During the wint<'r of fS."ri-;5, a si'ries of mei'tings were held in tin- Kaylor school- house, on Si'ctiiin ;(."). by Kev. William S. Paul, i>f till- Methodist Episcopal Church, and early in the last mendoned yi-ai- a small clobs was iVirmed. This consisted of : Mor- ton C. Wood and wife, Harvey Sutherland and wife, John Nichols and wife, William Rairden and wife, Andrew Coulter and wife, John Denny, and Francis Bridgeman. Ser- vices continued to l)e held at the schoolhouse for two or three years, when the membership having become too numerous for the limited accommodations, the neat church edifice, situated on section thirty, was constructed; this is appropriately named " Pleasant Grove." The membership of this society is now (1880) 100. (A)ntemporaneous with the formation of the Church was the Sabbath School, which is still in active and etfective operation. Fol- lowing are the ministers of Ph>asant Grove Ciiurch from its organization : Revs., William S. Paul, II. D. Oldliel.l, M. Longfellow, P. A. Drown, A. J. Stubbs, W. S. Ray, A. Berry. .1. A. Wright, Charles Farnsworth, and S. 11. Alderman, who at present presi> HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 535 earnest. The people faltered not as the long- years passed wearily by, but the gaps in the ranks, made by disease, or torn open by shot and shell, were filled and refilled until the bloody and dreadful struggle was over, and let this be placed to her credit: Every male citizen of the township, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, either became a soldier himself or furnished a substitute; of these many never returned, their lives went out for the flag, and beneath the skies of the Sunny South, where the orange and mag- nolia shed a ceaseless perfume, the spot perhaps unknown, they " sleep the sleep that knows no waking." CHAPTER XXII. PERRY TOWNSHIP— TOPOGRAPHY AND DESCRIPTION— SETTLEMENT— EARLY IMPROVEMENTS— RELIGIOUS— EDUC.i.TIONAL—TOWNS, ETC. IN the beginning of the century tliat is now reeling off the last quarter of its course, this beautiful stretch of country was an unbroken wilderness — the home of the Red Man and his kintlred. Beside the purling streams and around the flowing springs he built his wigwam, and tlirough the dense for- ests he tracked his game and tjursued his fly- ing prey. Behold the change! Less than four-score years have passed, and the wild whoop of the savage has died away in the distant West. C'hurciies and schoolhouses have taken the place of lii^ v/igwam, and where his camp-fires blazed now stand the palatial homes of his pale- faced successors. And the dense woods — the giant trees of the forest — they have disappeared Ijelore the en- terprise of the white man. He has trans- formed the forest into smiling' fields, and his domestic animals are found where once roamed the bear, the panther, the wolf and deer. Wonderful, indeed, has been the change! This division of Logan County lies in the eastern ran^e of townships, and was formerly a part of Zane Township, as really was the whole of Logan Countv. When set oS" from Zane, it emiiraced Bokos Creek Township within its limits, and so remained until 183", when Bokes Creek was set oil', bringing Perry Township (so named in honor of Commodore Perry) down to its present dimensions and boundaries, whieli are as follows: In shape an oblong square, being si.x miles from north to south and four miles from east to west; bounded on the north l)y Bokes Creek Town- ship, on the east by Union County, on the south by Zane Township, and on the west by Jefferson Township. It was Virginia military land, and the original surveys were made without regard to the cardinal points of the compass, but according to the convenience and the pleasure of the early settlers. Geograjjhically, Perry Township is located mostly in the valley of tiie Nile, otherwise of Otter and Mill Creeks. No more beautiful or fertile lands, we venture to say, border the Nile th.an are to be found in this section. About two-thirds of the township is a fine valley, and as rich land, to use the expression of one of its owners, "as ever a crow flew over." The central and eastern parts lie in this valley, and the land is a generally level surface, and of a rich deep soil. A portion of it was rather flat and marshy until arti- ficial drainage redui^ed it to a state of fertil- ity unsurpassed in any section of the county. The western portion iif the township is rolling. \ 536 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. ami in jilaces a little hilh'. On the clay hills tiio lanil is somewhat poor in quality, but makes fine grazing and pasturage. Tho roll- ing lan and settled a mile w<'st of Baird's. He had settled previously in .lelVerson Township, but sold out there and moved over into Perry. He removed to Illinois about 1858, and none of his descendants arc here now. The Old Keystone State furnished the fol- lowing families, most of whom located near each other, tlnis forming a kind of Pennsyl- vania settlement: Ki<-liard lluni])hreys, Wil- liam Fisher, Simpkin Ibirrinuin, Stei)hen and Nehemiah Green, and Samuel Supler. Ilumiihreys was a Welshman by birth, but had been living for sonu; time in Peiinsvl- vania before emigrating to Ohio, which he did at a very early day. He died about 1830. Fisher came between 1820 and 1825, and set- tled on Mill Creek, about four miles north of East Liberty. Both he and his wife died in this township, but descendants are still living here. Harriman came about the same time Fisher did, and settled on an adjoining farm. A daughter married Wm. Fisher and is still living. Stephen Harriman, a son, still jier- petuates the name. Stephen Green settled on an adjoining farm to Harriman. He moved to one of the Western States about 1835, where he died. Nehemiah Green came very early, and settled on a farm half a mile west of Liberty. He died more than forty years ago. Samuel Supler settled on an adjoin- ing farm to Harriman and Green. He died on the place of liis original settlement, since the beginning of the present year, (1880) at the advanced age of eighty-four years — the oldest man, at the time of his death, in the township. He has two daughters still living; two sons went into the army during the late war, but never returned. The following early settlers came from New Jersey : Edward Harding, Josiah Aus- tin, Henry Reymer and Thomas Freer. Hard- ing came about 1825, is still living and is about 82 j-ears of age. He settletl two miles southwest of the village of Liberty, where he still lives. He has a son, Geo. W. Harding, and two daughters living in the township. Mr. Austin settled one mile south of Liberty. He was an old man when he came to the township, and is long since gathered to his fathers. He had four sons and four daugh- ters, all of whom are dead, except two daugh- tere, Mrs. Garwood and Mrs. Shepherd, both widows. Reymer came about 1818; ho set- tled in the southwest jjart of the township, where he died many years ago. A son still lives on the old homestead. Freer settled an adjoining farm to Reymer, and came about the same time. He is long since dead, and has no descendants living here nearer than V A ^^ HISTORY OF LOGA>! COUXTY. 539 grandchildren. Joseph Randall came in the fall of 1832, and was from Virginia. He is still living, and a resident of East Liberty. .John McCally is a Pennsylvania dutchman, of Scottish origin and descent, and settled in the township in the spring of 1833; he is here yet, and says he wants to staj"^ just as long as jiossible, as he don't know what kind of a ])lace he may get into when he leaves. He is a good man, and a regular walking encyclo- pedia. He and Dr. James are responsible for much of the information on which the history of this township is based, and if anything is found to be incorrect, we tumble it off on them. We never make any mistakes, not cven'in — politics. Settlers were Hocking in now with such rapiditj*, that it was not easy to keep track of them, much less to give their settlement in chronological oriler. The rich lands lying in the valley of Otter and Mill Creeks attracted emigrants hither, and when the flow once set in, the country was rapidly settled up. The great want of a mill was felt in an early period of the settlement in the valley. This want John Garwood, Sr., determined to supply, and but a few years after he had set- tled in the township, he set about building a mill on Otter Creek. This first mill was located some 300 or 400 j'ards from the pres- ent one, and is supposed to have been built at least seventy years ago, or about the year 1810. It was, some years afterward, removed to the present site, under the management of Thomas James, Dr. James' father, who was a millright by trade. This mill was patronized by the people for many miles around. "Gar- wood's Mill " was a noted place, and was well known at a great distance. It was a kind of center of a considerable extent of country, and from it all the early roads and trails di- verged. It is now owned by John McCally, and has been improved and remodeled, until it is a little like the fellow's gun — not even the old lock, stock or barrel is left. It is still known, however, as the " old Garwood Mill." It is now a large two-story frame building, with two run of burrs, and a capacity for grinding 150 bushels of grain in twenty-four hours. Its power is from Otter Creek, and nu- merous flowing wells along the "race," which contribute greatly to the volume of water. William B. Moore had a mill at one time near the junction of Otter and Mill Creeks, but it finally went down — the creek. During a time of high water it was washed away, and was never rebuilt. It was an enterprise of a rather brief career. A distillery was es- tablished at Garwood's Mill, and operated during the years of 1832 and 1833 by Thomas James and William Smith. They sold it to a man named Brooks, who operated it for a year or two and then ceased the business. It has never since been resumed in the town- ship, a fact which redounds to the credit of its citizens. \^'hen the whites first came to Perry Town- ship there were plenty of Indians in the sur- rounding country. Althouch the '0 were no villages in the township, or in the territory now embraced in the township, they frequent- ly came from their towns and villages and encamped at the numerous springs in this sec- tion, sometimes for a month or two, while hunting. Miss Hannah James remembers numerous visits of this kind, and their com- ing to her father's house when in the neigh- borhood. They were on friendly terms with the white people and never committed any depredations. They were of the Delaware and Shawnee tribes, and came mostly from the Lewistown Reservation. After the close of the war they were removed to reservations farther west, and '* Lo ! the poor Indinn, whose mitiitored mind Sees God in the clouds, and liears his wliispcrs in the wind," 540 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. became a tiling of the piist. The red man is n-oiie; his iiunting-grounds are smiling fields, and few now living in the township remem- ber ever to have seen an Indian. As the war-whoop of the savage died away the voice of the preacher was heard as " one crying in the wilderness." The first ministers lielonged to the society of Friends, who used merely to " speak in meeting." .John Gar- wood, Sr., was one of tliese, and was in the habit of jireaching, or "speaking." Rev. Herbert Baird, already mentioned among the early settlers, was perhaps the first Methodist ])reacher. He was a local preacher, but some time before his death he attached him- self to Conference and was placed in charge of a Circuit, and thus became a regular itin- erant. Elders Samuel Bradford and David Dudley were among the first Baptist preach- ers. Tiie first church organized and the first house of worship built was by the Methodists at East Liberty. The present site of the town of North Greenfield was a camp-meet- ing ground long before there was a town laid out on it. A Methodist Church was finally built on this old canip-gro\nid, and is still used as such, it being now in the village of Green- fi 'Id. Before the era of churches the peo- ple's cabins were used as substitues, and when a jireacher came into the neighborhood the people were notified, and collected at some one of the larger cal)ins and listened to tile Word, proclaimed in the siin])le language of the time. The "(^)uaker Church," as it is called, is situated a mile or two west of North Greenfield. The first church was built about IS.iO, and a few years afterwards burned down. The present edifice was built about the eoinmi'ncement of the late war. It is a frame building of mo(lern architecture, and presents a neat ap|)earanci>. Mary Elliott is the principal minister, and has been since the first organization of a church in this neiffh- borhood. A cemetery has been laid out ad- jacent to the church, and forms a pretty little burying-ground. There is also a cemetery at the Supler schoolhouse, but a short distance from the church. The Union Baptist Church, located in the Skidmore neighborhood, was built about 1858- 60. Among the first preachers was Elder Dudley, already mentioned as a pioneer Bap- tist preacher. He dedicated it when it was completed. It has a large membership and an interesting Sabliath School. Rev. Mr. Lash is at present the Pastor. The United Brethern built a church a mile or two north of East Liberty about the year 1850. But it has not been used as a temple of worship for fifteen or twenty years. It is now owned by E. Akej", who uses it as a grain and wool warehouse. The first resident ]>hy- sician in the township was Dr. .1. W. Hamil- ton, who came in 18;5U. He was an able phj-si- cian, and had an extensive practice until he retired from active professional life. While in practice he had ten students, who read under his tutorage, all of whom became jiliy- sicians of considerable note, and some of them quite famous. These students were his three brothers, William R., Edward and John L. Hamilton, Alonzo Garwood, William Sulli- van, Sr., Johnson, Amen Davis, W. J. Sullivan, Josiah Whitaker and S. N. James. The three Hamiltons went to Peoria, Illinois; Edward died there, and John L. is publish- ing a medical magazine in Peoria at the present time. He was a delegate from the United States a few j'cars ago to the Medical Association of Europe. Dr. Garwood lives in Michigan, and has served two terms in the State Senate. Whitaker died of consuni])- tion. William Sullivan livos in Allen County. William .1. Sullivan in T.rbana. Johnson is dead, and Dr. James still lives near East Liberty, but has retired from ])ractice, and spends his time in leisure and in entertaining his friends. Christo])her Smith was an early ^^ jjs ^k> HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. 541 Jvistice of the Peace, anJ held the office and dealt out justice to the oflfeiiders of the law when this was Champaign County. John Garwood was also an early Justice, the next, perhaps, after Smith. The first death in the neighborhood was that of John Bishop's wife, but the date is not remembered. She was buried at what is now known as the Inskeep burying ground. The first birth and the first marriage are events that have passed out of remembrance long since. When the settlement of Perry Township commenced tliere were no roads, but paths and Indian trails through the forest. The first road cut out led from Garwood's mill to Big Spring, where it intersected the Zanes- lield and Sandusky road. The next road was from GarvFOod's mill to the Skidmore settle- ment, Garwood's mill being the most im- portant jilaco in the county for miles; the roads all centered there, or diverged from that point. Tlie Bellefontaine and Marys- ville road was the first turnpike built through the township. The Zanesfield and Middle- burg pike was built previous to the one above mentioned; only a half mile of it, how- ever, is in Perry Township. There is now about fifteen miles of turnpike in the town- .ship, and others under contract. No section of the county is better supplied with first- class roads than Perry. A railroad is the only additional thoroughfare it really needs. Such a line of travel would be of incalculable value to the township. The hopes of the peo- ple have several times been raised to the highest pitch in expectation of getting a railroad, but so far they have failed to be realized. The Bellefontaine, Delaware & Mount Vernon Railroad, a project agitated years ago, has been graded through the town- ship, and sufficient funds have been sub- scribed to complete it. The people of Perry stand ready at any time to do their part. The first mercantile venture was made hv Lot Inskeep, who opened a store about 182G on the road loadino- from Garwood's mill to Bis; Spring, only a short distance from the mill. C. H. Austin succeeded him, and did business at the same place for a year or two, when, upon the laying out of East Liberty, the store was moved into the town. The first tavern was kept in the village of East Liberty, and the first postoffice was established at Gar- wood's Mill, and went by the name of tlie mill until the laying out of the village, when it was changed to East Liberty. Isaiah Gar- wood was the Postmaster, and the mail was brought on horseback once a week, passing this office on its way from Columbus to Belle- fontaine. Education received due attention from the early settlers of this section of country. One of the first teachers remembered was Mathias Williams. He taught just over the line in Zane township, but his school had quite as many supporters from Perry as from Zane. The schoolhouse built at this point is in Znno township, but the district is partly in Perrv, and the graveyard at the schoolhouse, lies on the line between the two townships. A man named David Reed taught in East Liberty about 1815-16. John Garwood was the next teacher. Simpkin Harriman was also an early teacher. The houses in which these early, schools were taught were the proverbial " log schoolhouses," with mud-daubed cracks, pun- cheon floor, stick chimney, etc. The pioneer schoolhouse is another "relic of barbarism" that has passed away. In its stead we now find the handsome and commodious frame or brick schoolhouse, filled with patent desks and modern furniture, and perfectly ventilat- ed and heated. Perry, with its half dozen modern schoolhouses, compares favorably in educational facilities with any township in Logan County. Competent teachers are em- ployed, and the schools, which are taught for the usual term each year, are in a flourishing ^ e) - ^ 4^ .W 542 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. condition. The population of Poiry from 1,S4() to 1880, Inclusive, is as follows: 1840, 1,014; 18.50, 1,337; 1800, 1,110; 1870, d^; 1880, 1,008.* East Liberty was laid out in March, 1834, by .loini IJowyer, and is located on survey 4089, conveyed by John Garwood to John Bowyer. The plat is signed by James W. Marmon, County Surveyor. Since lajdng out the place an addition has been made to it by McClain and Robinson. Josiah Austin, Sr., built the first residence, and John McCallyput up the second dwcllinj^ house. The first store was kept by King & Hilchens, and succeeded the one kept on the road a short distance fnim Garwood's Mill, already alluded to. Thev opened goods in October, 1834. The next store was kept by White & Allen, who wore in business about 1830. The first black- smith was James Seaman. John Ewing was the first shoemaker. John McCally opened a tannery in 1833, and continued it for ten years, when he sold it to Job H. Sharp. The latter gentleman continued it until the busi- ness of tanning became one of the lost arts. Samuel Cook was an early saddler. The first postotfice was called Garwooresent one. Still another might be built with credit to the town. It is a one story frame, and presents a rather dilapidated appearance. The Mi'lhodist Church was th<' first organ- ized in the village, and was formed before the village was laid out; Rev. George M'^alker was one of the first ])roachers. A log church was built in 183.5, and was used until replaced by the present frame, which was erected about the year 1850. It cost some §800 in money; much of the work aiul material b'cing donated. It is forty by fifty feet in dimension, and has but a small membership. R"v. Mr. Wells is Pastor. A flourishing Sibbath School is nuiiii- tained, of which II. Ballinger, Jr., is Super- intendent. The present Bajitist Cliunli was l)uilt in 1802. A log church had been built a nund)i'r of years before, near the center of the village; the present edifice is a substantial frame, Rev. Mr. Whitaker is the pastor. The Sal)l)ath School is a uniim school with the United Presbyterian Church. The church building of this denomination stands just across the street from the Baptist Church, and was built in 1875; it is a modern frame, and cost about *2,200; Rev. Luther Smith is the pastor. The Union Sabbath School maintained at this church, in conni!Ction with the Baptists, is large and flourishing, and is under the super- intendence of Moses Emerson. The business of East Liberty sums uj) about as follows: Two general stores, one grocery store, one drug store, one blacksmith shoj), one wagon shop, one cabinet and furniture shop, two shoe shops, one harness sho]), one mill, I one postofTice, three churches, oni' schoolhouse, one hotel, one Masonic lodgi-, ami two doctors. ^Jp- HISTORY OF LOGAX COrXTY. 543 East Liberty Lodge, No. 247, A. F. & A. M., was chartered October 18, 1854, by L. V. Bierce, Grand Master, and J. D. Caldwell, Grand Secretary. The charter members were Isaac B. Dutton, .las. W. Ballinger, Z. M. Hiatte, Isaac Johnson, T. F. McAdam. Job Wickersham, Job H. Sharp, Jno. Mel.ain, Daniel McLain, Phineas .lanuary, Joshua B. Sharp, C. B. Sharp, and H. A. Reynolds. The first officers were Isaac B. Dutton, Mas- ter; Jas. W. BiUinger, Senior Warden, and Z. M. Hiatte, Junior Warden. There are sixty-one members, with the following offi- cers: J. D. Inskeep, Master; J. W. Haines, Senior Warden; W. S. Southard, Junior War- den; John McCally, Treasurer; R. R. Smith, Secretary; J. W. Harding, Senior Deacon; A. G. Heath, Junior Deacon, and Isaac Rog- ers, Tiler. One of the finest features of East Liberty is its flowing wells, which are objects of more than common interest. A plentiful supply of pure water is above earthly price. The lofty columns of Persepolis are mouldering into dust, but its cisterns and aqueducts re- main to challenge our admiration. Although the glory of East Liberty is on the wane, its flowing wells are not surpassed by the spark- ling fountains of Tadmor in the wilderness. The flowing wells in and around East Liberty abound in the most plentiful profusion. Water is obtained at a depth of from twenty to sixty feet. It often rushes up with a force that will carry it into the second story of houses, through pipes, in the same manner of city water-works. The " race " of McCally's mill is fed by several of these wells, one of which flows up through a three-inch pipe a continual stream. Some of these wells are strongly magnetic, while others are tinctured with iron. All that is wanting to make East Lib- erty a famous resort and watering place, is a railroad, a little capital, and a moderate sup- ply of energy and enterprise. North Greenfield is located on survey No. 4,210, of military land. It was surveyed vid laid out by S. A, Harbison, County Surveyor, for the proprietor, Henry Van Yheris, June 24, 1847, and the plat recorded November 12, 1848. The place consists of a collection of perhaps a dozen houses, one store, two or three shops, a church and a postoffice. The town was originally called " Mudsock," from the immense quantity of mud which used to ap- pear there in the winter season. STOKES TOWNSHIP— THE "Let others praise their climes of sun or snow, Thou art the land of green, miijestic groves. Where fresh seas shine, and endless rivers flow." ALMOST the first statement made to the searcher after historical data, on inter- viewing one of the " last lingering representa- tives " of the backwoods pioneer, is, " It was all woods around here when I came." This sen- *Contributed by Dr. J. H. Se Cheverell. CHAPTER XXIII.* LEWISTOWN RESERVOIR— PIONEER SETTLEMENT— THE WARWICK COLONY, ETC. tence is big with import, and conveys a world of meaning; still, after listening to the same thing weeks, months and years in succession, it obviously loses somewhat of its novelty, be- comes monotonous, so to speak; hence, one can imagine the feeling of peaceful, calm con- tent felt by the writer when for the first time his ej'es rested upon the dense forest, still covering a large portion of the territory, >^ k- 19 1^ 4i ^ 544 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. now known as Stokes Township. Although tlio setlloiiicnt of lliis territory was begun soon Hiter the Indian '•exodus," wc find that in 1800 tiio population did not reach 600, and tliree or four years later, when it became nec- es.sary to draft men to (ill the ranks of our depleted army, it decreased very materially from even that small figure. While there arc many substantial frame residences scattered about in different portions of the township, yet the primitive log cabin, with its clap board roof and massive out-door chimney, is not by any means an infrequent sight. Stokes is described upon the records of the county as parts of Townships G and 7 south, in Ranges 7 and 8 east. Its location is in the extreme northwestern part of the county and it^ boundaries as follows: North by Auglaize and Hardin Counties, south by the Townships of Bloomfield and Washington, east by Wash- ington and Richland, and west by Shelby and Auglaize Counties. The territory under con- sideration is -well watered. The Little -Miami River empties into tlie reservoir from the nortiieast, and tlie two branches of the Muchinippi Creek, wliich (low across the southwest portion of tlie township, are the principal streams. The larger of the two branches of the last mentioned stream for- merly afforded water-power of considerable importance. The Lewistown reservoir covers several thousand acres of land in the eastern part of the township. In the centre of this there existed originally a small body of water called Indian Lake. This was surrounded on all sides by low, marshy lands. When the construction of the reservoir was authorized, a levee was built sufficiently high to prevent overflow, enclosing an area of 1)5,000 acres, a I portion of which was sparseU" timbered. To- day one cannot well imagine anything more ilismal and desolate than this spot, this vast subiiicrgi'd plain, thickly studded with the bare and darkly decaying trees, whose leaf- less branches spread abroad as if to warn the unwarv of the dreadful miasma lurking be- low. Quinine ought certainly to be at a pre- mium in the localitv surrounding this "cess- pool of pestilence." The surface of the township is a generally low, level plain, and for the most part requires draining to fit it for the purposes of agriculture, yet when this is done the soil becomes very productive. Corn and grass are the principal crops, though the past year man^- acres of wheat was grown. The inhabitants are strictly an agricultural people, and imbued with the characteristic enterprise of Logan County farmers, it is only a question of time when Stokes shall take equal rank with the average townships of the county. While searching for data relating to the legal formation of the township, the writer learned the following : During the years 1807 or 1808, a descrepaiicy amounting to some 81)00 was found to exist between the books of the Clerk and Treasurer. The Town- ship Trustees, after nuicli vain effort to reach a balance, ordered that hoth IxjoLt lie burned. This was accordinglj- done. Comment is jier- hajis unnecessary. Tradition says: Stokes Townshij) was originally a jiart of Washing- ton and IJloonifield, and that it was, by order of the Boardof County Commissioners, erect- ed a separate township during the winter of 1839. The first election was held at the house of .Tohn Hover on the first Monday in April following. Samuel Hickenbottom was elected Clerk; William Fcnton, Treasurer; Jacob Horner, Assessor; John Fenton, Justice of the rcace; and Daniel Hull, Consfalile. Elections were held at the Van Horn school- house for several years. At this time the Houtchens' schoolhouse, near the centre of the township, serves as a voting place. The Lewistown Indian reservation extend- ed into the southern portion of Stokes. In the southwest part, upon the east bank of ^- 4 j^ _!:' ^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 545 jNIuchinippi Creek, stood the "council house" of tlie reservation; numerous paths extended into the forest in divers directions, by wliich the "braves" were wont to find their way to this rude congress. The building was of logs, in size some twenty by forty feet, without chimney, floor or windows. It stood upon land now owned by the Wright heirs. Through this section passed, at an early period, the thoroughfare now known as thttlers prior to 1840. From this date forward the settle- ment increased more rapidly; log cabins became numerous; openings in the forest enlarged; roads were cut throug-h, and the wilderness homes rendered as con- venient as possible. Still, many things were lacking. The want of lumber was severely felt, and it was to meet this that Benjamin Driesbach, in about 1845, began the erection of a saw-mill. Its clumsy machinery was propelled by the waters of the Muchi- nippi Creek, and after a time a run of stone was added. These industries were in operation until 18tj8, in June of which year the waters of the creek rose to an unheard-of height, doing considerable damage to buildings along the stream, and sweeping away entirely the dam and both mills, even to the foundation. David Ghormley put in operation the second 1 546 HISTOPvY OF LOGAN COIN TV. inills in the township. These were located on ii small spring run, called "Hog Swamp Bran(-li." Numerous portable steam saw- mills have been in operation in the township. .S;oki's did not reach the dignity of a store anil post-otSce until 1850. The former was under the ownership of Frank Downs, and JIos(!s Smith was the first postmaster. The store and post-ofEce were in the southwest part of the township. Ale.Kander McCoy was the pioneer merchant in the center settlement. The ])OstolKee was finally discontinued for want of patronage. Job Van Horn is the proprietor of tlie only store in the township at tlie present time. Situated about one and one-iuilf miles north xA' the center, it is sur- rounded by a few dwellings. Here, also, is a shingle manufactory, wagon, blacksmith and shoe-shop. The earliest death remembered was that of Jacob Curts, which occurred in August, 1836. The body was interred on the George Taylor farm. Sarah Hrndershot and John Fenton were tiie principal parties to the first marriage contract solemnized in the township. The date of this interesting occasion was in the early spring of 1S38. During tiio spring of the year 1839 the set- tlers within a radius of perhaps five miles gathered near where is now the Van Horn burying-ground, and in due time erected a small log buildinjr for a schoolhouse. During the summer it was furnished with a huge fire- place across the rear. A wide-throated stick chimney furnished ample outlet for the escape of the heat, if it did smoke furiously at times. Puncheon ilf)or, seats and a door were pre- pared, and two small real f/fasn windows were added. Early the subsequent winter, or as soon as the boys could be spared from the lal)ois of the farm, Wilbur Earl was duly in- stallf.'d pedagogue. This j-chool was coaduct- ed upon the principle of "main strength and stupidity." One of the pupils, now nearly sixty years of age, remembers with painful distinctness the one great feature of Mr. Earl's sj'stem, viz.: the free use, upon the slightest occasion, of the "birchen rod." She says, "If any children were ' spoiled ' that winter, it was not because they were ' spared ' the rod." Ezekiel Davis taught the second term in this house. The report of the Briard of Educati(m for the school year ending Au- gust 31, 1879, shows: Whole number of cliililren enrolled 382 Wlinle nniount pnid teiu'liers ^Ij-W^.l^ Whole number of school houses 8 Value of the same, with grounds ?2,0'J3.00 It is a fact worth reiiicinlicring that in nearly every ])ioneer sf^ttlcment, the advent of the school and church follow each other in rapid succession. Stokes Township is no ex- ception to the rule, liowever mucli it may dif- fer in other particulars. Soon after William Fenton had begun his life in the wilderness, a preacher of the Methodist Episcopal faith, named Davison, who was engaged in mis- sionary work, held a meeting there, at which all the settlement was in attendance. Soon after the Fentons, Bodkins, and perhaps others, now forgotten, united in the fornnition of a small class. Meetings were continued here for several years. In about 18-16 Rev. G. G. Pogue, who was then stationed at Cherokee, began a series of meetings at the house of David Ghorndey, and here was formed the jjioneer Presbyterian Church in the township. Tlie constituent members of this organization were in part, David Ghorm- ley and family, C. I. Bruoks and wif(>, Aaron Coflet and wife, and E. Durkee and wife. After the formatiim i>( the ( 'hurch, si-rvices were transferred to the Van Horn school- house. In 1849 a small church edifice was. built, and the ministir settled here. The nn'inbersliip gradually increased until the sickly season, incident to tin- biilMino- of the Lewistown Reservoir, ensued. The rapid A HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 547 increase of ague, chill and other fevers created a panic in the settlement, which eventually- resulted in the removal of the minister in charge, and the greater part of the member- ship. At this time nothing remains of this once flourishing organization e.xcept the church edifice, now crumbling to decay. The United Brethren Church was formed in 1850, at a saries of meetings held in a schoolhouse on James Coleman's farm, by a mission ])reacher named Nichols. Archibald Car- lisle, wife and daughter, and Charles Boyer and wife, constituted the fir:;t class. After about one yi-ar Rev. Mr. Lay came for ashoi't time. In 1852 lli'v. Tlioma:; Downing as- sumed charge of this class, and under his ministry many names wore added to the Church. On the breaking out of the rebellion the membership numbered seventy-five. Un- ion and disunion sentiment ran high, a di- vision of the Church ensued, and the organi- zation virtually ceased. A few years since a re-organization was effected, and services are now held at the Center schoolhouse. Rev. George Woods is the minister in charge. The Methodist Protestant Church was formed during the latter part of the winter of 1S78-'J, at a series of meetings held at the Van Horn schoolhouse, by Rov. B. F. Tucker. The first members were Eli Van Horn and wife, G. M. Clover, wife and daughter, George Wal- ters and family, and Lloyd Thomas and wife. Services an; still held in the schoolhouse. Tii(> membership is eighteen; present Pastor, C. Ph'.mnii'r. A Sabbath School is held in connection with this church durina" the sum- mer months, on which there is an attendance of twenty nine. Eli Van Horn is the Super- intendent. Some thirty years since, while the curse of human slavery hung like a pall over tli's goodlv land of ours, and ere yet the mutter- ings of war were indistin!>uishablo, John M. Warwick, of Amherst County, Virginia, an owner of slaves, conceived the humane idea of giving his colored ])eople their freedom, and establishing them upon lands he should buy for them. Dr. David Patterson was em- })loved to carry this project into effect. Com- ing to Logan County lie jiurchased a large tract of land along the niirlh and west sides of Indian Lake, a great pro])ortion of which is now covered by the waters of the Reservoir. During the years 1851-52 the colony, number- ing nearly throe hundred, arrived and began settlement. Log cabins were built and tiie colony supplied with provisions and whatever was necessary for their support for one year. The selection was either by intent or other- wise an unfortunate one. The poisonous malaria of the swamp produced general sick- ness, from which fully one-sixth of the whole number died. The remainder, as Mingo Banks (one of the nund)or who now lives in Huntsville) expressed it, " Begin to move out purty lively," disposing of their interest as best they might. Many of them still live in Logan County, but one only had the hardi- hood to remain in Stokes Township. This is Richard Thomas, who resides near the Reservoir. i' ^1^ 54S HISTORY OF LOCtAX COUNTY. CHAPTER XXIV.* LI nruTY Towxsii I r — mn )r.K.vPHY — pioneer schools — pre.^ciiers - geological— west LIBERTY. LIHERTY TOWNSHIP was sliood from Union in 1831. Mad River enters it near tho southeast corner ami traverses the s-jutliern jiortion, skirting along the eastern and .southern ])ortion of West Lil)erty, down into Champaign County. McKee's Creek starts in at the northeast corner, taking a zig- zag course, entering Union on the farm of A. R. Harner. In thist.)Wnslii|) may be found several niini- Kelley, Thomas XewaU's wife and lieirs, tiie Culbortsons, \\idow Pickering. II. M. Wiilte was probably the firs" sheriff of Logan County. In the year 1R31 it was almost imiiossiblc to get money. People jiaid in wood and jirom- ises. What the farmers of tliis townsliiji could not dispose of in the West Liberty market, was taken by overland route to San- dusky. From east of Sydney to Upper San- duskv, and all around that country, the Lewis- ature lakes — the largest, covering ten acres, on ] town Indians and white people depended upon the farm of M. Eddy. The streams, including I the market uf AVest Liberty for their flour Mad River, running through this township, : and whisky. !n those days tho jiractice of are McKee's Creek — named from Col. McKee, ; medicine had not attained the scientific per- a militarv man, and a British Indian Agent — fcction of tho present d.TV, and when a man and Muddy Run. The timber consists of burr oak, hickory and white oak. Among the first officers of this township were Peter Stipp, was taken down with lung fever ho was almost certain to die. The usual jiractice was to "bleed." The first saw-mill in the township Judge Wm. McBcth, David Williams and I was built by John Enoch on the property now Charles Hildehrand. Wm. Henry is probably owned by E. S. Jordan. The first distillery the first man who assessed the township, there | was erected by Thomas Baird on Muddy Rum, i)eiiig at that jii'riod but one assessor for the on the property now owned liy BartleyGorilari. County. .Mr. Ilenrv is now dead. Among Our information shows that the first school- thc first settlers were Thomas Baird and two sons, the Newall family — Sjniuel Newall coming from Ki'-ntucky in about L'^OS, — the Shichls, Henry Fulton, James A\'alds atid three sons, the Hayes family, Samuel Blair,\ Col. John Walds, Abiier Snoddy, William (Irav and family, William McBelh and family, \achal Blaylock, John Dunn, the Grindles, William Burkhardt, Gorton Broughton, a cooper by trade, now residing in Bellefon- taine; William Creviston, John Creviston, Judge .^helby. Hoiiry Socrist, Sr., Lynx Wiler, Jolin K. Taylor, tiie Ilowells, Nathanicd • Cnnlrllnilcrl liy II. W. Hamilton. liouse erected in this township was an old log afl'air, built on tho west side of the township on the corner of the S unuel Blair, McBcth ami Yoder farms. A nuiii named McElree was the fir-st teacher. Preaching was done in those days liy circmit riders. The jieople worshiped at AN'est Liberty when o|)|)ortui;ity presented itself. Those were tho days when education was not given that importance that it is now; they had not time for the careful imjirovomont of the mind. Tiie mystery that overhimg the endless woods was con- tinually a temptation to the pioneer to o.x- jiiore the furthest regions concealed beneath *^^ T' -^J^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. 5") I their sliado. Where we now live in content- ment and ha|ipiness, there lay in those days the hunter's jjaradise, with every excitement necessary to savage life — from contact with wild beasts to warfare with the rod man, with nothing to guide them through tiio dense for- ests except blazed trees and the stars. These men of the woods, seated around their cozy fires in their rude log huts, recited and listen- ed to many exciting stories that went ting- • ling to the ears of the listener; stories of their long trails, severe trials, adventures and con- flicts, all had a tendency to give a heavy . tin p;e of romance to the pioneer life. This life had its advantages, together with its dis- advantages, and the ])crils thereof had to be braved in order that the former migiit be en- joyed. A homestead could be easily gotten, Init it wouhl have to be obtained at the risks incident to a howling wilderness. Brawp.y arms and a muscular frame had to contend with trees tluit had swayed to the winds for centuries, and masterly w^irfare made they on the forests. The soil might be fertile, but it was covered over with dense forests, intersected with Indian warpaths. Lilo in tlie wilderness, evidently, was one of rugged iiidepend(;nee, free from wholesome restraints, also established customs Mild laws. Such a life could furnish no se- curity to person or property beyond the exer- cise of mere brute force in self-defense. It could not surround itself with those pleasant influences of civilization which call into plaj' the finer qualities of human nature. Here, he was; siuTounded by the grand old forms of nature, the pioneer I'elt isolated — cut off from all human associations. In the midst of savage, barbaric sights and sounds, he was living beneath perpetvial shade. His situa- tion then, would have weakened the stoutest heart of this day. Trees of mammoth pro- portions interposed their huge trunks between him and the world. They lifted on high tlieir umbrageous tops and shut out the heav- ens. But the solitude of the forest may not have been repulsive; it may iiavc been — and to many undoubtedly was- — ov(M'powering. Its terrors were jjrobaljly softened by many pe- culiar beauties. There nust have bean some witchery in its swinging shadows. There was the sunshine that filtered down gently through the innumerable leaves and danced to the music of the wind. Geological!}' speaking, Liberty Township is made up mostly of lower strata of the Devonian age. There are numerous basins of tertiary formation, such as peat swamps, ancient lakes, overgrown by aquatic vegetation. In some of tlie latter, have been found fossil remains of extinct animal forms, such as elk and other ancient animals. Several ancient forest beds occur in the township; one upon the property of J. M. Glover, deceased; this lies buried below the surface some six or eight feet; the bed is covered with fallen tiinlier, mostly cedar, and although in all probability lying buried for thousands of years, the timber seems nearly perfect, retaining the smell of cedar even yet. The northern portion of the township is covered with drift, a;id has no special geo- logical interest. The soil is almost entirely derived from drift, gravel and clays, and is rich and gener- ous. The chief source of wealth of the township is its agriculture, for wliieh there apjiearstobe a special adaptation in the Mail River' Valley. Beds of clay exist in the neighborhood of West Liberty, and these are being utilized to good advantage in the manufacture of brick. The farms are hand- some, and the improvements for the niost part are commensurate with the progress of the age. The products of the township find a liberal market at West Liberty, and the crops are generally large, whilst the stock and cattle are shipped in large quantities to the eastern markets. A. ^ 552 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. WEST LIBERTY. As we take up our pen to write the history of West Liberty, we are conscious of the fact that we are situated in a locality where have been enacted some thrilling life-dramas — scenes which, if they could be properly written, might help to enrich our literature and o-lve us a deeper insight into the character of man. These reminiscences — "That tell Of days and years long since gone by." siiould not be permitted to rulapse into obliv- ion, but should be treasured up as important factors in the history of our country. West Liberty is the second town in com- mercial importance in Logan County. It is located in the charming .Mad River Valley on the C, S. & C. Railroad — the first in Ohio, eight miles south of the county seat, Belle- fontaine. It is accessible from all points of the compass, by unrivalled free turnpikes, and its trade embraces a large scope of territory all around it. It was laid out in the j'ear ISIT, on section 27, Town. .5, Range l."5, the j)lat and survey being made by Aaron L. Hunt, surveyor of Champaign County. It was incorporated by an Act of Legislature, dated February 21, 1834. The following is a copy of said article: " An act to incorporate the town of West Liberty in the County of Logan.*' "Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That so much of the township of Union, in the county of Lo- gan, as is comprised and embraced within the bounds of the town plat of the town of West Liberty in said county, as is now on record in the proper office in said county, is hereby erected into a town corporate, to be known by the name of the town of West Lib- erty. "Sec. 3. That the white male persons about the age of 21 years, who have been resi- dents in said town, at least one year preced- ing the day of election, and who in other re- spects possess the qualiiications of electors for members ot the General Assembly, shall meet at some suitable place in said town on the first Saturday of A]>ril next, and on the first Saturday of Ajiiil aninmlly tliereafter, at such place as the President, Recorder and Trustees, or a majority of them, may direct, between the hours of 1 and .") o'clock P. M., and then and there elect, by ballot a Presi- dent, Recorder and five Trustees, who shall be either freeholders or householders, having the qualifications of electors, who shall be a body corporate and politic, with perpetual succession, to be known by the natne of the President, Recorder and Trustees of the town of West Liberty; and wlio shall hold their offices until the next annual election, and until their successors are duly electeil ai;d quali- fied. " Sec. .3. That at all the elections urider the provisions of this Act, after the President and Trustees, or any two of them, shall be iud-'-es, and the Recorder, Clerk, or such ]ier- ... son as the judges may apponit, when trom any cause the Recorder is unable to serve as Clerk; at the close of the polls, the ballttt shall be counted by the judges, and the re- sult publicly declared, and a fair record made thereof by the Clerk, who shall notify the iiersons elected thereof within five days alter the election; and the person so notified, shall take the proper oath or affirmation of office, and to support the Constitution of the United States and the State of Ohio. " Sec. 4-. If any persons elected under the provisions of this Act neglect or refuse to take oath as presentoil, those who have been qualified shall appoint to fill the vacancy, who will serve until the next arunnil elec- tion. "Sec. 5. That the Pre-idcnt, Recorder and Trustees shall be capable to acquire real ^ -^T' ^ HISTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY. 653 estate or personal property; that they may sue or be suetl. Sec. 7. Relates to corporation seal. "Sec. 8. Gives the President, Recorder and Trustees power to appoint a Marshal, Collector, Treasurer, Assessor of Property, Surveyor of Streets and Alleys, and all such other subordinate offices as they may deem necessary, to hold office one year. "Sec. 9. Gives the President, Recorder and Trustees power to fill vacancies in their own number. " Sec. 10. Saj-s that ' Any four of the Council shall be a quorum to pa.ss laws, &c. They may require owners of lots to pave or gravel the sidewalks in front thereof.' " Sec. 11. Relates to the keeping of the record of ordinances, and publishing the same. "Sec. 12. Empowers Council to require every male person above twenty-one and under si.xty, who have resided three months in the village, to work on the streets one day ill each year. "Sec. 13. Relates to return by Assessor of taxable property. " Sec. 14. The President shall be a con- servator of the peace; have power of Justice of the Peace. "Sec. 15. Relates to the powers of the Marshal. "Sec. 16. Relates to fines to be prose- cuted at the suit of the Treasurer before the President, and recovered by action of debt. " Sec. 17. Provides for the collection of taxes. " Sec. 18. Relates to sale of real estate for taxes. " Sec. 19. Provides that the amount of re- ceipts and expenditures shall be publish- ed. "Sec. 20. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after the 1st day of April, next. "Sec. 21. Speaks of future legislation. [Signed] " Joun H. Keith, " Speaker House Representatives. " David T. Disney, " Speaker of the Senate." February 20, 1S:U. John M. Smith was the first Mayor of West Liberty after the organization of a municipal government. On the 19th of March, 18.35, an Amenda- tory Act was passed, which says: " Said cor- poration (West Liberty) shall have use of County Jail; persons so imjuisoned shall be under the charge of the jailor of the county." y John Enoch, now deceased, father of the venerable John Enoch, Sr., who resides near here, was the original proprietor of West Liberty. In the year 1815 Mr. Enoch erected the first dwelling in this place. During the same year he built a grist-mill near the Mad River, and it still stands, a substantial monument of pioneer industry. This mill is in operation to this day, and is owned and operated by Sam- uel Armstrong, a thorough gentleman and an accomplished miller. In the pioneer time, the people of Logan and Champaign Counties were compelled to travel through dense thick- ets of hazel, plum and thorn to this mill to get their grinding done. Here it was that the John Enoch, Sr., now alive, who is prom- inently identified with the pioneer history of Logan and Champaign Counties, was taught the modus operandi of trading with the Indians to gain their confidence. Jlr. Enoch was always instructed by iiis father, that when weighing a sack of meal for the Indians he must never take from the meal, but al- ways keep dropping in until the scales went down — then the red man could not say, " White man cheat poor Indian." Mr. Enoch, Sr., received his instruction in the premises, \from Col. McPherson. The first store in West Liberty was kept \ ^1 ■—^ 554 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Ijy Ilinim M. White, long since "gathered to his fathers." White also kept the postofficc and tavern, the latter having been patronized several times by Senator Blaine. The first postolfice was kept by Samuel Newall. The i)resont com|)(^tent ineuinbent is Mr. C. E. Darlinton. The first regularly organized church in West liberty was the Mc.'thodist. In the year 1830 this societ_v built a church, which is still standing, being occupied as a residence bv E. Meyers. We learn that the following gentlemen sub- scribed the amounts ])!acod opposite their respective names, to aid in the erection of this temple of worship: Riddle & liutan, *:^0, in lathing; Dr. John Ordway, $15 ; John Williams, $5, in smithing ; John Strange, $10 ; Amos Jack- son, $5, in lime and sand ; Stephen Jackson, $5, in work ; John Poisdell, $5, in lum- ber ; J. 13. Coidilin, SIO, in plastering; 11. E. Koberts, $.3, in tailoring ; John Strange, ^5, in hauling ; Isaac Uatcher, ^'Z, in plaster- ing ; John C. Garwood, §1, in lime; Tru- man Wolfe, S"i, in shoes ; total, §90. in those days the little congregation worshiped in their church with as much earnest Chris- tian fervor as characterizes the larger body now. Then, with the same deep spirit of Christian interest as now, the zealous man of God fed the starving souls with the bread that comes from Heaven, directing and warn- ing the unwary, lest tliej-, by falling into the bottomless pit, plunge themselves into the direst and most irretrievable ruin ; soothing the troubled conscience ; guanling against the insidious approach of doubts and fears, extracting the seeds of vice and endless mis- ery and sowing the seeds of virtue and hap- piness. The regions of immortality aloiu' will disclose the full amount of success which has crowned the efTorts of these pioneer preachers, for in their hands they held the in- fallible dictates of eternal truth — the unerring guide imparted by II(>aveii — within whose sacred folds are contained those (>xalted and inspiring truths through which, alone, we can be made wise unto salvation, wherein are e.t- hibited, in all their rich simplicity and over- whelming grandeur, those illustrious doc- trines which revelation can alone discover. The first church organized in this part of the country, and for some j'ears after, was the Christian Church, organized in the year 1814, by I'ev. Richard Clark, at Bethel, or as it was generally known, the Muddy Rim Church, which was located about one-half mile west of West Liberty, adjoining the farm now owned by Dr. John Ordway. This was a large log meetiug-house, which stood on part 1 of -what is now known as the Muddy Run graveyard. At that early day large camp meetings were held in the grove near by, at- 1 tended by all the people, old and young, traveling on foot or horseback. As there was no other means of conveyance, it was quite connnon for the husband to pla<'e his wife and children on a trusty horse while he walked by their side, often for twenty miles, to attend these meetings, which an^ spoken of by the old settlers (a few of whom are still living) as seasons of great social and relig- ious profit, and many were converted mider the faithful and zealous preaching of the gospel, and were generally directed to unite with any branch of the Church they desired, the object being not so much to Ijuild u]) a separate organization as to have men and women converted. The following statement is found in the old church book: "We, the members of the Christian Church, at Betlu 1, have here- unto subscribed our names, taking the wor I of God for our (hn trine, discipline and gov- ernment, promising subjection to each oth.er in the Lord, according thereunto, in the year one thousand eight hundred an 1 fourteen. r A HISTORY OF LOGAX COUXTY. Names — Richard Clark, James Mcllvain, Thomas Baird, John Wall, Robert Crockett, William Newell, Betsey Newell, Alexander Black, Patty Crockett, Moses Mcllvain, Flora IMcllvain, Nellie Baird, Nancy Clark, Netty Wall, Peggy Mcllvain, Sr., Peggy Mcllvain, Jr., Jane Clark, Polly Wall, Jane Black, Polly Cartmill, Jane McNay, Nancy ]\IcNay, John Williams, Jane Williams, Jane Lecpcr, Ma- linda Wall, Patsey Crockett, Samuel Coving- ton, Mary Covington, James Wall, Rhoda Shields, Thomas Clark, Robert Clark, James Steel, Moses Jlcllvain, Jr., John G. Mcllvain, William Hopkins, JSlizabeth Hopkins, Betsey Baird, Abner Snoddy, Sally Snoddy, William Boyd, Ann Boyd, Peter Stijip, Elizabeth Stipp, Polly liCeper, Priscilla King, Hannah Snoddy, Aaron Rhodes, Elizabeth Rhodes, Polly Rhodes, Sarah Robertson, George F. Dunn, William Miles, Jeremiah Fuson, Jane Fuson, Catharine Snoddy, Betsey Vickers, Betsey Rhodes, Samuel Collins, Pattic Baird, Celia Baird, Robert Mcllvain, Benjamin Wall, Mary Kelley, Sarah Kelley, Jane Petty, Isaac Davis, Susanna Moore, Ann Mcllvain, Mar- garet Henuing, George Petty, Eleonora Baird, Garland Crockett, John L. Mcllvain, Jacob Snoddy, Josiah Hopkins, James Stack- house, Polly Stackhoufee, Cartmill Crockett, Houston Crockett, Asenith Crockett, Louisa Crockett, and many others. The large ma- jority of these cami; from near Cane Ridge, Kentucky, and some from North Carolina. Among the first preachers were Richard Clark, Caleb Worley, James Hayes, Ma,tthew Marvin, David Purviance, Levi Purviance, D. F. Ladley, Mahlon Baker, Hallett Barber, Richard Siuionton, Hiram Simonton, Isaac N. Wa;lters, Samuel Fuson, James Fuson, Jer- emiah Fuson and Joseph Thomas, generally known as the " White Pilgrim," on account of his peculiarity in wearing none but white clothing summer and winter. Elder Thomas, although eccentric and peculiar in this re- spect, was a great preacher, a man of deep convictions and large piety, and devotion to the work of the ministr3^ He traveled on foot and horseback through Ohio, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, preaching every- where, and thousands were converted under his preaching, always refusing pay for his services. In 1835, he took a long journey on horseback through tiio Eastern States, continuing everywhere to proclaim the gos- pel. On his return homeward, he was taken sick at Johnsonburg, New Jersey, and died in the prime of life and usefulness, aged forty- four years, and was buried in the cemetery at that place. Rev. John Ellis, a Christian preacher, afterwards visited the cemetery and there composed the following beautiful lines : I came to the spot where the White Pilgrim liiy. And jjoiisively stood by liis tomb. When III iL low whisper 'l lieard something say, How sweetly I sleep here iilone. Oh sweetly! Oh sweetly 1 sleep: 1 rest from my toils in this sweet lonely vale. While the ani^els their vigil keep. The tempest may howl andthclcnid thtinder roll. Anil j;alherini; storms may arise; Yet ealm are my feelin.szs. (it rest is my soul, The tears are all wiped from my eyes. Thecanseof my blaster eompell'd me to roam, I bade my eonipanion farewell ; I left my sweet ehildren, who forme now mourn, In far distant regions to dwell. I wandered an exile and stranger below. To jiublish salvation abroad; The trump of the gospel endeavored to blow. Inviting poor sinners to Ciod. Go tell my eompanion and children most dear To wteji not ror.Iose])h though gone; The same hand that led me through scenes dark and drear, lias kindly assisted me home. I called at the house of the motirner below: I entered the mansion of grief; The tears of deep sorrow most freely did flow, I tried, but could give no relief. There sat the lone widow, dejected and sad, By afllietion and sorrow opjiress'd. And there were her children in mourning array'd. And sighs were escaping their breast. As I spoke to this mourner concerning her grief, Tasked her the cause of her woe. Or why there was nothing eould give her relief. Or so'othe her deep sorrow below 'i" She looked on her ehildren. then looked upon mo— That look I shall never forget; More eloquent far than the seraph's can be ; It speaks of the triitls she met. The hand of affliction falls heavily now, lam left with my children to mourn; The friend of my youth is silent and low In yonder cold gravt-yard alone. ^A^ 55G HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Bat why slimild I mourn or feel to complain, Ortlii'nk that my portiim is Imrd? If mot with iil)liutinii. 'lis suivly his pain; Uc hus uutered thu joys of his Lord. The poem was put to music by J. W. Cheney. In the year 1844: the church dividotl, part of the luonibcrs organizing a church, and build- ing a house of worship where the Glady Creek Cliurch now stands, in Champagne Co., (the old house having burned down). The balance of the members organized a church in West Liberty, and builta house of worship the same year. The following are the names uniting with the West Liberty Christian Churcii: Arcliibald Prater, Sally Prater, Alexander Black, Jane Black, John Johnson, Caroline Johnson, Sarah Jlcllvain, Susan Clark, Ben- jamin Ginn, Jane Gimi, Mary Attn Crockett, Henry J. Robertson, Jeremiah Fuson, Jane Fuson, Ellen Martin, Daniel \'. Martin, Eliza- beth Baird, S. Cope, Mary Martin, Hannah Martin, Sarah Jane Martin, Archibald Hop- kins, Robert Hopkins, Angeline Miller, Sarah Hopkins, Elizabeth Johnson, R. Wade, J. Stevenstjii, Joseph Craft, Louisa Crockett, Lydia Stillwell. The following are the names of the Pastors of the church: Jeremiah Fuson, Hiram Siinotiton, Prof. William II. Dohertv, Henry Z. Rush, C. T. Kminons, J. W. Weeks, Daniel GrilBn, S, W. Hutchinson, J. T. Lynn, W. A. AVarner, M'iiliain J. Lawrence; B. F. Chrismaii being tiie present Pastor. The Church at Glady Creek, three miles west, and the West Lil>erty Church, form one pastorale, Rev. B. F. Chrisman being Pastor of both churche?, preaching at each place every al- ternate Sabl)ath, the total number having belonged and still belonging to said church being about 700. Ni-ariy all who went into the organization at Bethel or Muddy Run Church have died. All of the ministers who then preached to the church have died, Hiriini Siinonton being the last, who died in July, ISSO. The Methodist Society erected the first temple in West Liberty in 1830. The ground was purchased of Thomas P. Miller, and thereon they built a church conimensin-ate with their means and the enterprise of that day. It stands to-day on Baird street and is occu- pied by E. Myers as a residence. The first preacher was the Rev. Mr. Findla^', and the heroic little congregation of thirty souls wielded a power for good. Among the original members there were Dr. John Ord- way, Thomas P. Miller, Rev. John B. Ma- gruder, John Williams, James McDonalil, Maria Hawkins. At that time, and since, this was a two- weeks circuit, and the residence of the then active, now venerable Doctor Ordwa}', was the chief resort for the ministers. The Doctor ami his good wife always had the latch-string hanging out, and at their cheer- ful firesiiU^ and generous tabh^ these ministers were always delighted to assemble. The Doctor has all through these long years closely allied himself with the Methodist Church, and has been, and is now — although his hair is whitened with the frosts of age — one of the strongest pillars. His example through life is one which our young men would do well to etnulate, if they hope to gain a crown similar to that laid up (ot him. When he is called up hgher his work will be left as a monu- ment of his unselfish. Christian devotion to the church and his God, and thereon will be inscribed: "He has not lived in vain." In 1849 this congregation built a more stately house of worshi]), which thoy have oc- cupied ever since. The membership numbers about 140. The present minister is the Rev. Atkinson Perry, a godly man, full of love for his work, and interest in the salvation of many souls. He is a practical inati in every sense, an able, argumentative expounder of the gospel, and is highly esteemed for his many gooil qual- ities, social iind religious. The Methodist Sun- day school has a membership of about 150, ex- clusive of teachers, and is in good working ^£- HISTORY OF LOGAX COUNTY. -^ order, with a Mr. John M. Hunter, a stirring Su- perintendent, at the helm, assisted by an able corps of teachers. The circumstances which led to the organi- zation of the Presbyterian Ciiureh of West Liberty are many, though not different in their nature from those wliich liave attended similar organizations in other places. The first organized body of professing Christians was that known as the Christian Church. Their numbers were considerable, embracing a large portion of the inhabitants of West Liberty. The same class of people were found in considerable numbers in vari- ous parts of the surrounding country. The next organized religious society was that of the Methodist — being organized in 1830. Up to this time but little was done by the Presbyterians to establish themselves as a church here. The Kev. Joseph Stevenson, who came into Logan county from Pennsylvania at an early day, seems to have been the first Presbyter- ian minister who located himself in the coun- ty. Mr. Stevenson organized the First Pres- byterian Cluirch in Bellefontaine in 1829, which he served as Pastor faithfully and ef- ficiently until the time of his death, which oc- curred in February, 1865. In the absence of any organized Presbyterian Church — except a feeble one at Cherokee, now the Huntsville church, which seems at some time 'previous to have been organized by an itinerant min- ister — Mr. Stevenson labored in various des- titute places in this and adjoining counties, and that with no inconsiderable degree of suc- cess. West Liberty was made a point to which he directed a part of his labors. For a length of time he continued his labors at stated in- tervals — preaching in the house of a friend in the immediate vicinity of this village. In time, the avenue opened for the organi- zation of a church in Bellefontaine, of which we have spoken, and also at Stony Creek, now Spring Hills, and the work of ^Ir. Stevenson became concentrated upon these two places, in connection with the Cherokee Church. After this Mr. Stevenson gave but little of his time to West Liberty. During the years 1830-31, tiie Rev. Mr. Garland, a minister from New England, labored in this place the one-half of his time, during six months or a year. The prospects for a church at that time, liowever, were not very flattering. A minister named Peregrine, of Welsh descent, also labored in West Liberty a por- tion of his time, for six months, or a year, during the years 183G-37, but witliout much marked success. This, as late as the autumn of 1840, ajjpears to have been the amount of labor performed on the part of the Presbyterians here, except as a sermon was occasionally preached by a passing minister. One fact should here be noted. Previous to the fall of 1840, Presbyterian families had resided in this place, but some had removed, owing, in part at least, to the fact that there was no Presbyterian church here, and with a desire of locating themselves in a place where they could enjoy the means of grace in a church of their own connection. Some individuals — members of the Presbyterian Church — feelnig it a duty to be in connection with some branch of the visible Church of Christ, had united with the Methodists; others, however, few in number, remained anxiously waiting and desiring the time when a Presby- terian church should be organized in the town, and it is a fact eminently worthy of note (with few exceptions), they were pious and devoted females. There is another circumstance worth remem- bering, as having been linked with the organi- zation of asociety in West Liberty. Foryears there had been much solicitude on the part of some of the friends of Christ in neighboring J'^ u3S HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. cliurclios, for the organization of a church in tiiis puice, and to the influence of those, in on small denree, must be attributed the putting in train some of those causes which preceded, and eventually led to, the establishing of this ihurcli. Tliis is only the means, for man is at best but tlio instrument in the hand of God in accomplishing His work. 'Tis God alone who can turn tlie hearts of sinful man, and build up His kingdom and establish it in tiie world. In the autumn of 1840 Robert H. IloUy- day, a licentiate then under the care of the Presbytery of Chill icothe, through tlie influ- ence of Rev. Joseph Stevenson, came into this region, and labored the one-half of his time for the coming winter in the first churcri in Bellcfontainc, then under the pastoral charge of Mr. Stevenson; part of his remaining time was spent in West Liberty, where he preached once each alternate Sabbath. During this time many encouraging indica- tions of success were discovered. Afler the 1st of May, 1811, the labors of Mr. Hollyday were divided between West Liberty and Stony Creek — one-lialf to each place. About this time it was considered desirable that some special ell'ort should be made to open the way, if possible, for the organization of a church here. The second Salibath of Juno following was appointed as the time for holding a commun- ion season — a series of meetings to precede that service. As it was necessary to have the services of an ordained minister, the services of (he Rev. H. R. Price, of Buck Crock, were secured. Tiirougii the blessed influences of the ■ grace of God u]ion the labors of his servants upon that occasion, the meeting proved to be I no of much interest. Throughout these meetings much solemnity and deep feeling were manifest. The cominimion was held tlirougb the ses- ■', 111 of the Stoi \ ' ! -h, the Elders of that church receiving the members, and aiding in the distribution of the elements of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. The following persons were received as members of the Stony Creek Church until a church should be organized here, viz.: Har- riet Reynolds, John M. Glover, Isabella Glov- er, Clarissa Stewart, Nancy Jane Kn-kwood, Caroline Kirkwood, Laura Bi;ebe, Eve Eliza Runkle, Sarah Chajmian, Sarah Miller, .lane Hildebrand, Dorothy Secrest, Rachel Elliott, John W. Ingram, Caroline Ingram, Jane McClay, Jlaria White, Samuel Taylor and Aaron Mitchell. The way seemed now to be open for the organization of a church. AVith a view to this, a meeting for prayer and consultation was held, and it was agreed by the membns present innnediately to send up a rcrjuest to the Presbyter}' of Sidney to be regularly or- ganized into a ch.urch, to be known and d('s- ignated as "The First Presbyterian Church of West Liberty." The request being laid before the Presbytery, at their meeting in Sidney, on the last of June, was taken into consideration by the Presbytery, and the re- quest was granted. The Presljytery appointed Rev. Josejih Stevenson and Rev. John A. Meeks a com- mittee to organize the church if the way be clear. Friday before the first Sabbath of September, 18-11, was api)ointed as the time for the organization to take place. To members who were to compose this in- fant church, this was a time of deep inter- est, and one, the arrival of which had long been desired. On the da}' ajipointed, the committee of the Presbytery were on the grounds. In ad- dition to those persons who were received at the communion in June, the following jjcr- sons re))orted themselves and gave evidence of their nvmbcrship in the church, viz.: Isabella McBeth, William Kiikwood, Mis. 4<^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 5'>'J Kirkwood, Marquis Wood, !Mary Ann Wood, Jane ilorris, Margaret Andrews and Henry Scprcst. Tliese persons — twenty-seven in all — -were by the Presbytery, through its committee, organized into a church, to be called the "West Liberty Presbyterian Church." John M. Glover and Marquis Wood were unanimously elected Ruling Elders, and were regularly ordained and set apart to this office and installed over this church. Thus was accomplished what many of the friends of Christ in noiii'hboring churches de- sired to see, and for which the few members of the Presbyterian Church in this place had long wished and prayed. Thus, as will be seen, the church was or- ganized under very favorable circumstances. Twenty- seven Christian men and women united with a purpose to pray and labor for the extension of Christ's kingdom, was no incon- siderable force. The result of the orn;aniza- tion soon began to show itself in the increased zeal of the memljers, and in the conversion of sinners, plainly indicating that the T^ord owned, and would bless the labors of His peojjle. All this was regarded as earnests of future rich and abundant blessings. Of the twenty-seven persons constituting the church at its organization, eleven have died; thirteen have been dismissed, leaving- three of the original members still remaining. From the very organization of this church here. Rev. Robert H. Hollyday preached every alternate Sunday up to the 18th day of November, 1841, when he was regularly or- dained and installed as pastor, for one-half of his time. Being without a house of worship of their own, through the Christian courtesy of the brethren of the Methodist Church, the con- gregation met in the little brick Methodist Church (now owned as a residence by E. My- ers). After the lapse of a few months, it was deemed best to procure a place of meeting of their own, "when Thomas P. iNlilicr tendered the use of the old stone distillery, situated in the southern extremity of the town oppo- site the flouring mills, and the lower room of this structure was fitted up and opened for preaching in January, 1842. Ajiril Z7, 1842, Mr. Hollyday resigned his pastoral charge, and to this, it is said, is to be attributed the small increase in 1842 — but three persons were added to the membership. From April, 1842, to April, 1843, the church had no pastor, dur- ing which time, one member was lost by re- moval to the bounds of other churches. In April, 1843, Rev. Milton A. ITacket, was called to the pastoral charge, and on July G of that year he was ordained and installed pastor for two-thirds of his lime. 1 )uring that year twenty-three persons were added to the church. In 1844 twelve persons were added to the church. On November 12, 1844, the Presbytery of Sidney met in West Liberty and dissolved the pastoral relation of Rev. Mr. Hackett and the church; this was another reverse. Mr. Hack- ett was held in high estimation by the con- gregation, lie served one year and eight months. In 1845 the congregation resolved to, and did, erect a temple of worship, and opened it in November, 1845. This year the church had no regular Pastor, but seven new mem- bers were added. • In 184G Rev. James H. Gill, a licentiate of Uie Presbytery of Maine, visited the church and was afterward called to the pastorate of the church, and on the 14th of June followinn- he was ordained and installed pastor for one- lialf of his time. Nine members were added this year. In 1847 eight members were added. In 184S eleven persons were added. In 1849 ten new members were added. In 1850 twelve new additions were made to the church. In 1851 the church membershipwas increased s ^! '1 3 U- 560 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. by twenty accessions. 1852 notes thirteen additions. On tlie 24tli day of July, 1S53, the Presby- tery dissolved the pastoral relation of Mr. Gill at his own request, he having served seven and a half years. By this time the conn;regation had grown in numbers and in- creased in inflnence. From .July, 1853, to the spring of 185-1, the congregation was without a regular pastor. In April, 1854, liev. "William Perkins was en- gaged as stated supply, and continued his work until October, 1854. In 1853 fifteen were added, and in 1854 teu were taken in. The church suffered greatly during this period from emigration. From October, 1854, to May, 1855, the ch\irch was again destitute of a regular min- ister, at which time the Rev. L. I. Drake, a licentiate of the Presbj'tery of Cincinnati, visited the church, at the repeated invitations of the church session, and in May, 1855, he came, and, having sjient one Sabliath, consent- ed to return and hold a series of meetings. The session invitcnl to be present during these meetings Rev. H. R. Price, of the Buck Creek church. During these meetings Rev. Mr. Price and Mr. Drake preached alternately, Mr. Price administering the sacrament on Sabbath, and Mr. Drake y)reaching in the Methodist Episcopal Church on that day, by invitation, the pul])it being vacant. On Monday following, •.hnic 18, 1855, at a meeting of the congregation moderated by Rev. H. R. Price, a unanimous call was made for the pastoral laiiors of Mr. Drake, and on the second Sabbatli of July following he en- tered upon his ])astoral work. On the 30th day of November, 1855, the Prcsbyterj' of Sidney met in tliis church, and, according to jirevious arrangement, ordained and installed Mr. Drake over this congregation. The church has made ra]>i, Rev. M. AV. llamma, assisted by Prof. J. II. AY. Stuckenberg, re-dedicated the church to the worship of God. In the summer of 1870, the Church Council, acting upon the advice of their Pastor, Rev. A. R. Howbert, signed a petition written by him to the other churches, and to the Synod, asking that this church be released, and be permitted to constitute a separate charge, with power to select and call a pastor. The petition was granted, Mr. Howbert with- drawing from the ]iastoral duties of the West Liberty Church. Mr. Howbert did good work in behalf of this congregation. He was with it, and stood by it in some of its darkest days, and labored with untiring zeal, to repair the building, after it hail been crushed by the storm. On the first day of June, 1877, Rev. J. M. Cromer entered upon the duties of Pastor. His labors as such extended over the period of one year, and as a result uumy of the young from the families of the church and others were added to its membership. On the first Sabbath of June, 1878, Rev. E. K. Bell, of the AVittenberg Theological Sem- inary, ]ireachcd as a sujiply and coiuinuiid as such uiilii June 1, 1870, when he was unani- mously elected Pastor. During the past year thirteen persons have united with the church, increasing the jiresent membershij) to ninety, which is the highest it has ever attained. A new organ was ]iurchascd as wcdl as chan- deliers and pulpit lamps, and at the close of the year the Pastor's salary was all paid as well as every other local indebtedness of the church. AA'ith a spirit of consecration perva- dinsr the members and the same s])irit of self- sacrifice which has always characterized this church, there seems to be no good reason why its future should not be a bright and pros])er- ous one. The jjresent church council consists of the following persons: E. K. Bell (Pastor), HISTORY OF LOa.VN COUNTY. 5G3 PresiJ(;ut; D. M. Ziegier, M. J. Rover, Cxtus Ziogler and Robert Parks, E^tlers; A. B. Sipg, J. A. Boyer, Paul S. Davis and Ira Kirkwood, Deacons; John Sutpliin, ]\I. J. Rover and Charles F. Fox, Trustees; A. B. Sieg, Secre- tary; and D. M. Ziegier, Treasurer. The first school was taught here prior to the laj'ing out of the town, by John Askins and Doctor Herrin. The education of the children in the early history of our pioneers was not looked upon with the same degree of importance as now. Then, the highest am- Ijition of the scholar was to learn how to read, write, and cipher — three very important factors in education. The student, however, was " — Never taught to stray, Far as the solar walk or milky way." The desires of his mind then scarcely arose above the irrational creation. His an.xieties were limited to the mere knowledge of ordi- nary moiital acquirements, and to provide against the ravages of cold and Inuiger was the very acme of his hopes and aspirations. He was not taught then, as now, that it is educa- tion that brings up the pearl from its hidden depths in the wild, chaotic ocean of untutored thought, and reveals to the' daylight and to the wrapt gaze of the admirer, its beauties. He was not taught then, as now, that it bursts open its rockj^ encaseincnt and lets forth the imprisoned brilliancy of the mental diamond upon the world. The pioneer scholar did not know that it was education that would draw forth latent energies, which would lie ^dormant forever without its arousing and stimulating power; that it raises up the noble purposes of the soul to a higher standard of elevation, and trains every sprouting and ex- panding branch of thought with vigilant care, and in an apjjropriate direction, as the skill- ful gardener trains the tendrils of the vine. The truth of these assertions stand out in bold relief, and with forcible impressiveness, when the clear, strong light of contiast is thrown upon the experiences of the pioneers hereabouts and that of the present advanced era of civilization. In those days of mental darkness, no scenes, glowing with rich hues and beauties, which alone rnako immortality desirable to the rational, ever loomed ujj be- fore the pioneer mind. No endless perspec- tive of ceaselessl}' increasing knowledge ever burst upon his mind with overpowering glory. No burning thoughts of poesy ever flamed up from the altar of his intellect — the disadvantages in procuring an education prevented the development of the hidden powers of his mind. And such are the bone- fits of the present over the past — such are the results of colleges and academies — to the pioneer unknown. To illustrate: Of one mer- chant in this town, in the days that are past, it is sai'.l, so deficient was his education, that in sending East for a new stock of merchan- dise, he would mark a circle on a sheet of pa- per to represent cheese, and a circle with a dot in the center to represent grindstones, fo!d it lip and then have some friend address it for him. This was Hiram N. ^Miiti;. It finally came to pass that a certain man moved to town who could read and write, and he opened a store, with this advantage over his com- petitor — being qualified by an education (?) to order what he wanted. This is said to be an extract from one of his orders, verbatim et literatim, et punctuatim: " Siend tu boalts uv musslyn An 3 sax nv Kaughphy Bi jhon Cumminzizoks teem, u)id oblege yewrs." West Liberty has a school history of its own. and each successive step in the growth of the community found its counterpart in the progress of the schools. As from the rude log- cabins that constituted the homes of the brave men wi:o came early to Ohio to plant the seeds of her after greatness, came IV ^! 5C4 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the cominodious dwellings that adorn West Liberty, as the Qiicon of the Valley, so the old sehoojhouse of frontier j'ears, when the big boys of the "deestrict" thought it fine fun to bar the master out on a cold Christmas morning, has gradually given step to the de- veloped system of to-day. Few of the rising generation will ever realize much of the crude state of matters in that long ago, but the old veteran of half a century, or more, can recall the times of which we write. The old log building, with its amjile fire-place, windows of greased paper, and split slab benches, the deep engraven names and marks of the busy jack-knife, the old Webster's Elementary and the famous copies the master wrote at the head of the hon)e-made writing book, the well seasoned switches in the log crannies, and whereby hangs many a tale, all, if they yet remained, could tell much of the school-days of our forefathers. , The school-master of then, fully competent to teach the '• three R's," and carry his pupi.s to the Rule of Three, was by no means an unimportant factor '! .lohn Enoch erected the first dwell ing house in 1815. The first hotel was built by Hiram M. White, on the corner of Bair.l and Detroit streets — a portion of the building running north on Detroit street — which of late years was owned by Dr. B. B. Leonard and Os. Miller, but which was destroyed by fire on the lath of May, 1880. The next hotel was erected by Benjamin F. Ginn, in 1833. It was a frame buililing and is still standing, being located opposite the Lutheran Church, on Detroit street. It was called the Buckeye House. John Newland was tlie first landlord. Josejdi Frazell took the house in 1837. Mr. Ginn took the house in 1838, running it successfully for six years; since which time it has been used as a private house. Mr. Ginn is still doing a successful business keeping hotel. In 1853, Mr. Ginn sold the Buckeye Huuse to Henry Van Ortrich. The property is now owned by Harvey Shugh. Among t>ther olil laiulmarks now standing is the house now occupied by MiSS Sadie McDonald and Mrs. Hanger as a residence, it having been built in 18^1, by John Moore, a blacksmith. Moore afterward moved to Marion, Grant Co., Indiana, where he died. The house now used by John R. Crockett as a tannery, is one of the marks of pioneer en- terprise. It was put up in the fall of 1828, bv Mr. Houston Crockett, tiow deceased, for a dwelling. The GiralTe Buililing, now owm-d l)V George F. Bailey, Esq., and known as the Liberty House, was erected by Ira Rey- nolds, in 183<'. It isagO()d, substantial build- ing, and will stand the storms of ages. " Grand View " Cemetery, at West Liberty, although it has never been the theme of the poet's iiKspiration, or the orator's eloquence, V(!t it is a si>ot of which the citizens of the town are justly ])roud. From this towering hill-top is iiresenled a scene in the far-famed valley of Mad River, wherein the most gor- geous fancy can revel, and all that can entrance and bind down the most vivid iraagination HISTORY OF LOGA^" COTOfTY. 5S9 The appearance of " Grand View " is elegant and neat, displaying all kinds of architectural taste. There is seen the rough hewn stone and the light peering cone of the chaste obe- lisk — the lowly turf of retiring- poverty, and the gaudy monument of boasted affluence — on this, perhaps, a mother mourns, in a few ■ simple words, the bereavement of an only child; on that, exaggerated eulogy belies and ridicules the pretended virtues it would per- petuate — on this, beauty is blasted in its blushing ripeness — on that, wisdom sinks in the drooping of age. The striking beauty and variety of surrounding art rather fasci- nates than saddens the heart. One naturally, in looking on the marble that, in time, will decay, shudders at the analogy of his own form to its lingering corroding, and saunters in mournful contemplation and attractive de- laying in this last common tenement of flesh — the sad chronicler of time's victories. But I the design of genius-^the skill of art — the ' rock and the chisel, put awaj' the supersti- tions and raelanchoh' incidental to a cemetery. I Why shun the tomb? Why dress the last effort of life in the terror of despair? Woidd NMj live forever? Is life happiness? In life we hate, slander and even commit murder. In death are we guilty of them? Does the inanimate corpse need food, drink or raiment? No! It feels- — smiles — weeps rie'er more. Insult, defame it, it has no anger. It resents not. Turn your eye now on the world. Is happiness there? There, time mildews the whitest blossom of hope, youth droops for at- tainment — old age laments the moment of attaining. The atmosphere of the world is misery — its sun may shine, but darkness will follow. Life has no perpetual spring, it must have winter. Tacitus writes of the Thrasi, that they "wept at the birth of their children, and rejoiced at their death." The venerable Grecian historian wrote wisely in these words: '■ Whom the gods love, die j-oung." Wa would not mock the dead, nor ridicule the virtue of pensive and religious meditations. We would divest the tomb of its horrors, its superstitious fears and childish ignorance. If we weep, then let us weep for the worthy —if we fear, let us fear rationally and re- flectively — if we admire, let our admu-ation be impartial. " Grand View " contains twentj- acres, and is on an elevation of over one hundred feet above the level of our little eitj'. The land was purchased of J. M. Glover, Esq., Decem- ber 15, 1871, under an act of the Legislature of Ohio, passed May 7, 18C9, and took effect July 1, 1869, paying therefor 81,750. The next step was an election of a Board of Trustees, which oecured April 1, lS7'i, re- sulting in the choice of Enos Baldwin for three years, R. N. Jordan for two years, and R. E. Runkle for one j-ear. After taking the oath of office, this Board met at the Logan County Bank, April 16 following, for organ- ization, at which meeting R. N. Jordan was chosen President, R. E. Runkle, Treasurer, and R. E. Pettit, Clerk. May i. 187-^ the Board contracted with J. X. ilcMullen, and Reed & Steelman to build a fence around the grounds, at seventy-five cents per jianel. At this meeting the Board employed .1. Dun- can McLaughlin to survey and plat the grounds, at five dollars per day. The ceme- tery was dedicated .lune 2, 1873, Dr. Leonard delivering an eloquent oration upon this occasion. After the ceremonies, a number of lots were sold. Mr. Runkle having died in February, 1874, Dr. D. H. Garwood was elected to fill his unexpired term, (of two years), at the following spring election, and at the same election, R. X. Jordan was chosen for three years. April 6, 1815, Enos Baldwin was elected for three years, and his official term expiring in the spring of 1878, O. S. Miller was elected to succeed him, for three years. The Board now consists of R. X. Jordan, D. ±hL^ 570 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. H. Garwood and O. S. Miller. A building for the occupancy of the Superintendent of the Cemetery, has been erected at a cost of |l84-S.43, the contract having been awardcil to E. S. Jordan, July SC, 1877. Tliat which is capable of producing much good, is also likely to effect much evil, when perverted from its laudable purpose. Of this nature is the press in a comiiiunity. It is a powerful engine to operate on public opinion, and has a great influence over the morals and the motives of society. The reason for this is, because it is e.xpected to be consistent with truth and reason, and it should not sul)ject it- self to a suspicion of falseliood or sophistry; it is looked upon as the leading public instructor, and, as a natural consequence, obtains a de- gree of respect like that which an attentive pupil entertains for his teacher. It is easj- to observe with what degree a respectable, honor- able newspaper in a comminiity influences the minds of its readers. The newspaper oc- cupies nearly the same relation to its readers as the teacher does to the pupil, aud is largely responsible for the principles it inculcates. When an editor prostitutes his talents for mercenary purposes, his conduct is as base as would be the behavior of a scholar whose venality should induce him to sacrifice his trust at the shrine of Mammon. Thst Liliertv should not become extinct, and issued tlic first nuMil)ci- of \\\rWeekbf N^ews. It was (juite a newsy sheet, being jjublisheil in L'rbana by Gribble, and localixed here for the most part by J. Clarence Ilildebrand, a j young man of talent and jiromise. On the 31st of December, 18T7, it died for want of support. In th(> year 1878 matters changed. A new era si'emed to have dawned vipon the journalistic history of the town. It was found, when reducing the jiroblems of thcs(> failures down to philosophic facts, that many obstacles had been in tlu; way which migiit have been overcome. These it is impolitic for tiie writer to name. On the 16th day of .January, 1878, The West Lihcrti/ iinzette made its apjiearance, with II. W. Hamilton as its editor and proprietor, and it has se- cured the united support of the business men ; of West Liberty, as also in Urbana ami Hellefontaine ever since, and is flourishing like "a green bay tree," being abo\it to enter \ip(in its fiunth year. On the :50th day of j .January, I'^T''^, Mr. D. C. Haiiey joined Mr. Hamilton as ])ublisher, and they jointly took up the cudgels and fought their way through to a successful issue. On tlie 18th day of .June, 18T'.l, Mr. Haiiey retired from the firm, and Prof. I'. W. Search came in, comph'ting such arrangements as continued Mr. Hamilton HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 573 as editor and subsequently as a full part- ner. The Gazette is read far and wide; is Republican in politics ; is bold and fear- less, capable of coping with any of its com- peers. This is the history of West Liberty news- papers in a nutshell; the regret is that the many excellent pajiers that have died here in the past, are not still alive to greet hundreds of patrons, but they are dead beyond a res- urri^cting ])o\ver. West Liberty is entitled to the honorable sobriquet of the •' Garden Spot " of the county of Logan. It is located amid surroundings sublimely grand. Here the sun seems to pour around greater glories of the day — here the moon seems to hang with more beauty in her silver crescent at the evening hour — here the stars that bestud God's dianicMid throne — (the hosts of heaven, whose everlasting march is one enduring triumpli, the divine memo- rials on the amethystine arch of nature graven by God,) appear to shine with a brighter lustre than elsewhere. Was ever a pen gifted with an eloquence that would describe it? Inspired poets write of Italian skies and Italian sunsets, but if they are grander than the scenes around West Liberty they must be supernal indeed. Turn which way you will, a panorama of unparalleled gorgeous- ness, splendor, magnificence, greets the eye. In the days of many of our pioni'ers this fertile valley around West Liberty was the heritage of the savage, and the haunt of wild beasts. Strong hearts were they which sub- dued the one and exterminated the other; strong men were they who lifted uji the axe against the thick trees of the forest — strong- hearted women were those who shared their destiny, and reared their children by the cabin hearthstone, shrinking from no toil, fainting before no danger. As a result, what have wo? A lovely town skirting a pretty hill, in the very midst of a superb landscape enveloped with a drapery of bewitching beauty, which she displays with such grace that the eye is never satisfied with looking at her, nor is the heart ever pained by communing with her. It was at one time the most important town in Lo- gan County, there beingalarge competitidn in trade, but the county seat eventually became the loadstone with strong magnetizing power, and a majority of the moneyed men of the town left and took up a permanent residence in Bellefontaine. But it jiartiallv survived this loss, and with recujjerative energy such men -as Samuel Taylor, William R. Fisher, \)t. H. F. Kurfurst, George F. Bailey, (). S. Miller, Dr. I). H. Garwood, Theodore" F. .Mil- ler, J. W. Woodward, F. N. Draper, William Fishbough, H. J. Miller, A. B. Sieg, .lames I), and W. T. Stanton, Dr. .fohn Ordway, Enos Baldwin and Benjamin Elliott, and a host of others, determined that the town should live and prosper, and their eft'orts have not been in vain. Improvements were made both in private dwellings and business houses, and the march of industry and increased trade moved steadily on to a further condition of happiness. On the 13th day of May, 1880, the town was visited with a holocaust which, within the space of two hours, laid the principal business portion thereof in ashes, sweeping into oblivion thirty-one business rooms and eight places of residence, involving a loss of ^■K)0,000, and rendering homeless, houseless, and penniless, a number of persons. To give the fullest statement of facts con- cerning this terrible conflagration the writer hereof presents the following details, written by himself, and printed in the West Liberty Ga::ette extra, on the next morning alter the fire, and also in the Weekly Gazette of May 9, 1880, to- wit : " At about 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon the cry of 'fire! fire!' rang through our streets, supplemented with the thrilling cry -f. 4= :t A 674 HISTORY OF LOGAN COTTNTY. that the entire business portion of West Liberty was a |)(>rfec't mass of flames. The report proved, in a very few moments, to be too true. The very thought itself thoroughly electrified the entire populace, and everybody left his or her home and fled ])reeipitately to the scene of disaster, full of interest and symj)athy for the unfortunates, and of a desire to render all possible aid. "The fire originated in a stable in the rear of Dr. H. F. Kurfurst's block, at 3 o'clock, on the lot of Mrs. Lynian Cook. It was un- questionably the work of foul incendiarism. The incendiaries are, at this writing, unknown. The report, as first circulated, involved Mrs. Cook's youngest son, .Juilge, but later investi- gation does not fully justify the rumor, as re- liable parties saw this boy down the race at the time the fire began. Still later reports complicate Lynian Cook, but further infor- mation proves the fallacy of this rumor, as this boy is known to have been on IJaldwin's prairie when the fire started. A tramp was noticed traveling out the Mae-a-cheek road at a rapid rate, at about 3.30 o'clock, and he should have been arrested, but in the excitement tlie fellow was lost sight of. His connection with the origin of the fire cannot be established. Some parties say that they saw some boys playing cards in the stable of Mrs. Cook; and thus do rumors fly, some unfounded and others reasonable enough to warrant some severe criticism, yet nothing definite can possibly be ascertained. "The flames leaped with mad fury from the barn to Dr. Kurfurst's ice house, then to the building where the iloclor had large (piantities of goods stored away, consisting of oils, chemicals, etc., most of all which caught and fed the flames with ferocious fury. The pro- gress of the furious flames was rapid, and they swept everything bcfon^ tlieni relent- lessly, com|)letely licking up the entire square from the Bailey block to the corner of Baird and Main streets, brushing out of existence in a moment, as it were, eight or* nine bxisiness iiouses, with their contents. Ai)])arently not satisfied with tlie ruin ali-i'ady xvnmgiit, tln' holocaust vaulted across .Main street, and in its mad caretr it laid in ashes the entire block, commencing with Mrs. HiLlelirand's business block and residence, and ending with the demolition of every building in that square and a small summer kitclien of G. W. Gorton's. In the meantime help was tele- graphed for to Bellefontaine and Urbana. In fifty minutes from the time the dispatches were sent the steamers were at the dcjiot, and as soon as it was possible, the engines with reels, were upon the scene of action. "Each town sent in a large relayof men, who, with willing hearts and rrady hands, went to work earnestly to help save all the propi^rty possible. Every man, woman, and child, as- sisted in transferring goods from the stores and residences, and jiiling them hurriedly out in the street, in a great indistinguish- able mass. The pco])le were panic-stricken. Strong-hearted men shed tears of sorrow for the unfortunates — women screamed, and chil- dren added no little mite to the terrible clamor. Such a wail of woe was never known here before. Truly, could West Liberty have been called, for the time being, a young Chica- ulating around the ruins, discussing it excitedly in all its varied phases, and tendering their greatest sympathy for the sufferers. " The losses are terrible to contemplate. Below we give a reliable statement of the losses sustained, and the amount of insurance in each case : "O. S.Miller & Co., loss $-10,000; insurance §20,000. Aspinall & Son, loss $4,000; insur- ance $2,000. B. B. Leonard, loss $6,000; insurance i5>3,000. Drugs not insured. Loo-ati County Bank, loss $300; insured ; valuable jiapers all saved. .1. S. Packer, loss $700; no insurance. O. P. Longfellow, loss $.500; no insurance. John R. Steelman, loss $2, .500; insurance $1,000. J. Wood Brown, loss $300; no insurance. Mrs. Jane .Hildebrand, loss $5,000; insurance $2,000. Thos. P. Miller, loss $500; no insurance. H. F. Kurfurst, loss $28,000; insurance $14,000. George F. Bai- ley, loss $4,000; insurance $2,000. Odd Fel- lows, loss $2,000; no insurance. James Henderson & Son, loss $2,500; no insurance. D. W. Gill, loss $1,000; no insurance. G. W. Gorton, loss $1,000; no insurance. Fishbough & Gribble, loss $200; insured. H. J. Miller & Co., loss $800; insured. Clias. Darlinton, loss $2,000; no insurance. James Cook, loss $2, .500; insurance $350. I. S. Miller, loss $100; no insurance. J. C. Muzzy, loss $100; no insurance. J. A. Boyer, loss $T5; no in- surance. J. H. Deck & Co., loss $2,0()0; in- surance $],G00. 1. G. Thomas, loss $2,500; partially insured. Cyrus /iegler, loss $100; no insvH-ance. Zieglei- & Jai-kson, loss $2,500; partially insured, .fas. Artis, loss $200; no insurance. M. C. Keith, loss prtrbably $100; no insurance. 1). H. Garwcmd, loss $4,000; partially insured. Dr. NV. ( '. Kavanaoh, loss $100; no insurance. Dr. H. P. Kelly, loss 576 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. |!l(X); no insurance. H. S. Taylor & Co., loss *:3,000; insurance *1,000. \V. A. Gill, loss *800; no insurance. Forsyth Bros., loss §100; no insurance. F. N. Draper, loss 45400; in- sured. Chas. Pittenger, loss $200; no insur- ance. Mrs. V. Bonder, loss ?!400; noinsiiraiicc. J. W. Woodward, loss §4,000; insurance $3,500. Arthur Wallace, loss $25; no insur- ance. Mrs. 8. E. Cook, loss §l,00O; no insur- ance. John Ordway, loss *3,500; insurance $2 500. E. Myers, loss $50; n(j insurance. James Knig-ht, loss $1,000; no insurance. Elislia Steelman, loss $200; no insurance. John M. Hunter, loss $50; no insurance. " Our business men who have been displaced by this fire can be found in the i'oliowing places: H. S. Taylor & Co., grocery, in Ord- way 's block; J. W. Woodward, boots and shoes, in Ordway 's block; J. H. JJeck & Co., notions, Taylor & Couchnian's building, Baird street; Logan County Bank, Corjjoration Clerk's office; Post-Office, adjoining Ginn House; (). S. Miller & Co., Town Hall; Tiios. P. Miller, ni(!at market, next door to Stanton Bros.; James Henderson is above Stanton Bros', store; Ziegler & .laekson, with C. F. Fox; I. S. -Miller, in Fishhough it Cribble's basement; 11. Aspinall & Son are in the room next to George W. Gorton's. "O. S. .Miller & Co., George F. iJiiiley, Esi]., iinil Dr. II. F. Kurluret, each will re-build as i|iiicl author of the devilment, and it will devolve upon Mrs. Lyman Conk, the mother of the boy charged with tlu; incendiarism, tn produce some evident-e that is reliable, that .ludgi' was not near the stable at or near the timi- ^ HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. of the starting of the fire, to wit, between the hours of two and three o'clock in the afternoon of that Jav, in order to convince the public mind of her son's guiltlessness in this matter, otherwise he must lie under a very serious charge — one that will pursue him to his grave. We sincerely hope Mrs. Cook can do this. Liberal responses have been made to appeals for aid for those who have been utterly bankrupted l)y the fire, by our sister towns. Springfield, Urbana, De Graff, Bellefontaine and Marysville, so far as we have learned, have raised about one thousand dollars. The great crowd of strang- ers from these, and other places, whilst here last Sunday, opened their purses with a will- ing hand. Here is what is still being done in Bellefontaine, as our friend, Joseph H. Law- rence, Esq., writes: "Bellefontaine, O., May 18, 1880. "/T. W. Hamilton, WestJ.iherf]/, 0.: "At a meeting of the citizens of Bellefon- taine, held Monday night, a committee of six- teen was appointed to canvass the town, to raise money to aid the citizens of West Lib- erty, who have suffered loss by the late fire. The committee are now at work. "Joseph H. Lawuence. " Prof. Search went to Marysville last Mon- day, to secure some funds, and he got §10."), of which Hon. Judge Porter gave 850. Long may he be remembered, as \\ell as his town. With this money, and that that is to come, great relief can be given the sufferers. "The fire is replete with solemn warnings, and in another column we urge the Council not to forget their existence, and to give us a steam fire engine without delay. "The insurance companies are settling up as fast as the stocks left can be invoiced. Thev have all Ijeen remarkably prompt, and will, as we learn, pay \ip in full. "The work of re-construction has already begun. Dr. Kurfurst has carpenters at work erecting a temporary frame structure, 28.\30, on the east end of his corner lot, and expects to be in it, with a stock of drugs, by Saturday next. The building will also have a room for the Postoffice. The doctor also has a large number of men and boys cleaning away the debris, and cleaning- and piling up the brick, preparatory to the erection of a fine business block, at once. George F. Bailey, Esq., will erect a two-story brick, with two handsome business rooms, at once. Mrs. S. E. Cook will pvit up a like brick structure adjoining Esquire Bailej'. O. S. Miller will not delay the erec- tion of a handsome business block, which will be modern in every respect. Robert Aspinall thinks it doubtful about his erecting a busi- ness block on his lot, but we are safe in pre- dicting that he will ' change his plans,' and ))ut up a good building. Other buildings will be put up commensurate with the enterprising spirit of our town. Dr. Ordway will be apt to build, as will Mr. Henderson, Dr. Garwood, Dr. Leonard and Mrs. Hildebrand. New im- petus will l)e given the business of the town, more money will be exchanged, and West Liberty will boom." There being no fire department in the town, great risk was shouldered and suffered from the omission, and the Gazette, in an edi- torial of the 14tli of May, also expatiated upon this grave matter, as follows: "On: Lesson. "a word to the wise. " Our hardest trials sometimes teach us great lessons of wisdom that we are not apt to allow to go by unheeded. Times of gen- eral calamity and confusion have ever been productive of the greatest minds, even as the purest ore is produced from the hottest fur- nace, and the brightest thunderbolt is elicited from the darkest storm. A wise man is gen- erallv led to wise acts bv some severe lesson, '1^ ♦• 578 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. and we think that our jieople ami our Town Council have drawn soino hunks of wisdom from our recent terrible coiiflajiration. "The Gazette, in a ni>to of the Bahlwin fire, remarked that that fatal accident was "full of susrsrestions." and the asseveration has proved too true. We have repeatedly urged the Council of West liiberty in these columns to provide us some means for protection in case of fire, but no attention has been paid to our appeals. Enough property was destroyed last Thursday to pay for forty steamers, at iJio.OOO each — for a good steamer can be pur- chased for that amount of money, and less. Now look at the result ! Here we are in ruins, and still at the mercy of another holocaust. Citizens of West Liberty, and tax-payers, can we afford this longer? Can we afford to run the risk of being totally annihilated for fear of a little tax? Let the answer come in tones of thunder. No! No! Ko! Then let us awake to our danger and have no further delay. Let us have a prompt meeting of our Council, and quick action. " Mr. F. N. Drapor, a heavy tax-])ayer, and a strong advocate for a fire engine, who is fully sensililo of our real peril, has received a propo- sition from the La France Fire Engine Com- pany, who agree to furnish a steamer com- plete in all |)artiiulars, and warranted, to- gether with 700 feet of best rubber hose, four ply — five ply ends — guaranteed to stand a pressure of 400 pounds to the square inch, with any coupling preferred; also, one fine finished, two-wheeled balance hand hose reel, made from best quality of wrought iron, for the sum of 4*3,900; the engine to be capable of throwing one 1^ inch stream 225 feet, and to be capable of discharging 325 gallons of water per minute. This engine is guaranteed for a period of twelve years, and also to s\irpass any other make of equal capacity made in this or in any other country. "We du not urge the Curchase a steam fire engine and all necessary fire a]>pa- ratus to give our town full protection against fire, jirovided, upon investigation, we have a legal right to issue bonds for the same. The resolution was adopted by a full vote. But there was another matter of the utmost importance to be attended to. in order to get the money to pay those bonds without distress- ing a few to benefit a large number, and that was the annexing of certain contiguous territory to the town, for fully thn-e-fourths of the people belonging to the town proper, at this writing, live outside of the corjioration. The Council jiassed an ordinance, .lune 12, 1874, providing "for the extension of the limits of the Incorporated Village of West Liberty," but this was op])osed by remon- stralors on the ground that there was a con- flict in the laws then in existence, the Legisla- ture, having passed a new law on the subject. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. 579 inadverteiith' omitting to repeal the old one, and the proposition met with a Waterloo. The old law required a petition to extend to be signed b}- three-fourths of the owners of property sought to be annexed; now it only requires a majority of the adult free-holders residing on sucli territory. The latest efforts at annexing the territory desired, is very liable to result successfully, the Council having employed R. N. Jordan, Esq., an able, cautious, vigilant attorney, to conduct the case. It is safe to predict a purchase of a steamer at an early day. Has West Liberty risen " from its ashes?" To answer this question, it is only neces- sary to point to the monuments of enterprise that now stand where the buildings stood on the 12th day of May, that on the day follow- ing crumbled beneath the power of the fier3' fiend. For these magnificent evidences of enterprise that adorn the business portion of the town, there wili cluster around the hearts of the rising generation bright memo- ries of the names of Oliver P. Tavlor and 'Henry Couchman, H. S. and F. P. Ta}'Ior, Dr. H. F. Kurfurst, William Fishbough, James Henderson, R. & T. Forsyth, James Cook, George F. Bailey, William Gill, Dr. John Oidway and J. W. Woodward, and the members of the lodge of I. O. O. F. It was these gentlemen who settled the question. The secret societies of this town comprise the Masonic and Odd Fellows' Lodges. The Masonic Order is known as Mad Eiver Lodg-e No. 161. The charter was issued and dated September 28, 1848, being originally peti- tioned for by Joel Funk, Z. B. Tennerv, Seneca Lapham, William B. Mcllvaine, John Wader, William Lapham, .lames C. Turner, and H. M. M'hite. A second charter was issued, dated Octo- ber 22, 1873, \VhereiirJoel Funk was appoint- ed Master ; T. B. Tennery, Senior Warden ; and Ssneca Lapham, Junior Warden. It was signed by Asa H. Battin, M. W. G. M. ; Chas. A. Woodward, R. W. G. M. ; Sain'l Wardle, R. AV. S. G. W., and S. Moore, R. W. J. G. W. It was attested by John D. Caldwell, R. W. G. Secretary. Before the charter was granted, the first meeting was held March 13, 1848, under dispensation, Joel Funk being Master ; Z. B. Tennery, S. W. ; S. Lapham, J. W., these having been appointed by the Grand Master of Ohio. The following brethren were appointed by the Chair : W. Lapham, Sec y ; H. M. Black, Treasurer ; A. D. Frazell, S. D. ; and W. B. Mcllvaine, Junior Deacon. The char- ter members were: D. D. Ogden, James Stafford, Jacob C. Kizer, Zachary Provotty, A. B. Turner, Geo. W. Kizer, Z. B. Tennery, John Wade, Wm. B. Mcllvaine, Nathan Hammond, W. R. Stafford, David Underwood, John M. Scott. The lodge is in a flourishing condition, and has a membership of fiftv. The present oflSeers are: Joseph Miller, W. M.; D. B. Hale, S. W.; Frank P. Taylor, J. W.; M. G. Royer, S. D.; John F. Kizer, J. I).; Volney Thomas, Tyler; Job Sald- keld, Treasurer ; Henry F. Kurfurst, Secre- tary. The I. O. O. Fellows also have a good lodge. It is styled Lil)ertv Lodge, No. 9G. The charter was granted William Hamil- ton, Joseph C. Brown, John Maps, AVilliam Elliott, James Broadwell, Jerome M. White and Benjamin Ginn, November 20, 1847, and was signed by Thomas Spooner, M. W. G. M.; Albert G. Day {pro tern.), R. W. D. G. M.; Joseph Roth (pro tem.),F,. W. G. W.; Isaac Hefley, R. W. G. Rec. SecV; H. N. Clark, R, W. G. Cor. Sec'y; DavidT. Snelbaker, R. W. G. T.; William Chedsey, R. W. G. G.;' W. D. Neilson, R. W. G. C; Samuel L. Adams, R. R. G. C. The lodge has a mem- bership now of eighty-one membiMS, and is officered as follow^s: William J. Rule, N. G.; oSO HISTORY OF LOGAN COUXTY. John Kirkwood, V. G.; George Feather, R. S. X. G.; John Fulwider, L. S. N. G.; Ira Kirkwooil, R. S. X. G.; AVilliani Petty, Sec'v; \V. R. Fisher, Treas.; W. K. Ruhm.j, I. G., aiul John Maxwell, O. G. This societj' is now erecting a liaiiilsonie buiklinfr on the corner of Baird and Detroit streets, in which they are arranging a beauti- ful hall to be finished in the highest style of art. Among our veteran ])hysicians we must notice Dr. I. C. Taylor, who has been prac- ticing medicine in this town since January, 1844. He is the oldest jihysician in the prac- tice in this ])lace, and next to the oldest in the county, lie is a skillful surgeon. Then there is Dr. D. B. Allen, who has been practicing medicine here since IS.jl. The doctor is blessed with a wide range of practice, and is a well-read physician. Leonard & Jones are enjoying a large prac- tice. 13r. Leonard commenced about twent\-- five years ago. Dr. Jones' partnership practice dates back from 1SG8. These gentlemen are well versed in their ])rofession, and make a specialty of surgery. 1 )r. I ). B. Hale practices allopathy very successfully. Dr. Ben S. r^eonard has just launched out into the practice of medicine, with bright hopes and happy anticipations. Ben is a graduate of the ( )hio Medical College, from which institution ho emergeil with Mattering honors in the spring of ISSO. The business of West Liberty is represented by one ])rinting ollice, two dry goods stores, 1 six groceries, two drug stores, two boot and i shoe stores, two clothing stores, two tin stores, three stove stores, one large wholesale notion ; estalilishment, one ]iri)visi(>n market, three meat markets, two harness shops, one retail notion store, two hr)tels, two millinery stores, two saloons, one jewelry store, one large ware- liouso where grair\ is purchased, one grist mill, one furniture store, one undertaking es- tablishment, one marble shop and two l>lack- smith shops. There is one Presbyterian church, one Methodist, one Christian, one Lutheran, and one Catholic church. The corporation united with the Trustees of Liberty Township in the erection of a handsome town-hall in 1SG8, expending there- on §7,000. It is a substantial structure, and is a credit to the town. The corporation ami township officers arc in the first story. The corporation officers are: Dr. W. C. Kav- anagh. Mayor; James Ewing, Clerk; Dr. 11. Garwood, Treasurer; D. B. Allen, Enos Bald- win, F. N. Draper, W. R. Fisher. W. M. Fisli- bough, Stephen .Jackson. In ISTl, the West Liberty M'heel Comjiany was organized, with a capital stock of §3"^,000; F. X. Draper, President. It conducted the business of manufacturing carriage wheels and carriage material; Mr. Drapi'r continued in office one year, after whicli, W. R. Fisher served as President until the company closeil uji its business in isro. At the beginning, the prosjiects of the company were excellent, and their business a fair one, but owing to the ])ressure of hard times later on and mismanagement, it met the fate of thousands of other enterprises of a similar character. The ])ost-offi<(' is ably and carefully pre- sided over by .Mr. Charles F. Darlinton, and his estimable wife, both of whom make many sacrifices to jtlease the public, and their efforts in this direction liavo won for them en- viable popularity. There is no hue and cry for a "change" in their department of Gov- ernment service, ami well it is that there isn't. They demonstrate that they are public ser- vants in fact. XoTE.— Tlib writer of this history of West Llbertj- Is In- .lebteil to U. S. Jor.lan, Erii|iiT. Dr. Jolin Onlwny. J. W.Woodwiiril. Dr. II. F. Kiirfiirst. Dr. L J. Drake. Rev. E. K. Dell mill ninny others, for viiliie.l iiifurmation. >i'U ^! PART III. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Biographies Too late For Alpliabetical Insertion. DONX PIATT. This noted journalist and author is a native of Ohio, and makes the Ix^autiful ilacliacliaclv Valley, in Logan Co., his home. He is, as his name indicates, of French orinin, and retains more than any other mem- ber of tliis influential family tlie character- istics nopularly attributed to that nation. All the Piatts of the United States orijTi- nated from two brothers, Jacobins, who fled reli<;ii)ns j)crsecutioii in France, first to Hol- ianfl and subsequently to the United States. Oil', the pro-ienitor of the Ohio, Peniisyl- vjiiiia and Illinois Piatts, settled in New .ler.sey, while the other went to South Caro- l.iri and thence to the West Indies. Jaeoli Piiitt, grandfiither o! Wykofi', Donn and H. Sanders Piatt, was a noted officer of the Ifcvohition, havinij enlisted as a private and fouyiit his way up to a position by as- s took part, with the praise of his superior ofliccrs, in thi; battles of the fir-t and second Bull Finn, Cross Keys and B dl Pasture Movmtains. After the wounding of his general, at the second Bull Run, he was assigned to duty as Judge Ad- vocate, and as such conducted the investiga- tion of Gen. Don Carlos Buell, that was so protracted that it came near surviving the war. It was, as Inspector General of the Middle District, with head(|uarters at Balti- more, \ that Col. Piatt with Gen. William Birney, and aided by Henry Winter Davis and Judge Bond, inauourated the enlistment of slaves in the military service, against the wishes of the administration, that made Marv- land a free State in thirty davs. For this act of insubordination he lost favor with the gorvernment, and when the Union men of Maryland and Delaware waited on the President, asking, on the retirement of V 584 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. General Schonck, he beiiifj returned to Con- gress, that Col. Piatt be jiromoted to the posi- tion of Urifjadier General, and given command of the Middle District, Mr. Lincoln said, in his quaint way: " Schenck and Piatt are good fellows. If there's any rotton ajjples in the barrel, they can be counted on to hook 'em out; but, gentlemen, they run their machine on too high a level for me. I don't have much obedience, but a little is necessar\',you know." Twice suljsequent to this, when a list of names was sent in for promotion to Brigadier General, from the Mar Department, Mr. Lin- coln seeing that of Col. Piatt, drew his pen across it, saying : " Knows too much." After the war, in LS(1.5, Col. Piatt sought and secured a return to the Ohio I>cgisla- ture for Logan Co., that lie might aid in send- ing his General, Robert C. Schenck, to the United Slates Senate. He failed in this, but succeeded in making it very disagreeable to his brother mendjers, by introducing various measures of reform, and advocating them with the wit and sarcasm, for which he is as rennirkable in oratory as he is with the pen. Ami ing other proposed reforms was a measure tending t^ 586 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. As a niaiiufacturer of his specialties, he is very tliscrimiiiatiiiir, and probably knows how to make an article with much less expense than most men, similarly situated. He has, what mijjht properly be denominated, common sense. His memory is good lor a man so overflowmn- with ijusinoss. Every I'act which ho ac(|uir('s himself becomes a part of himself. He talks to the point — is c[uite a critic — full of dry humor, and he moves among men as thon;^h he understood tiiem. He is firm in his convirtions, strotiir in liis opposition; is tech- nical in his ideas; ready to compromise unim- portant differences, but he urires unfl nching- ly what he beli(!ves to l)e riiilit. He is an active, enterprising citizMi, and a popular "man among men," and a liberal friend of the poor. Mr. Miller was married to Miss Laura Phillips at West Liberty, March 6, 18(jl, and they have a family of four daugh- ters and two sons — all living. .JOHx\ MH.LIGAN MH.LER; Liberty Tp.; father of O. S. and Theo. F. .Miller, Iea the trade for a livitlihood. He entered the mercaTitile busi- ness u]>on his own responsibility soon after becoming of age, conducting a geni-ral mer- cantile and produce traile. His business grew to be the largest in that section of country having places of business in Cleveland, Mas- sillon, Fredericksburg, Kdinburg and La- fayette, Ohio. Over this immense business he had imjierious control. Few men had more comprehensive views of business mat- ters, quicker insight into diflicult probh^ms, or were better posted in all th(> details of busi- ness operations. In 1840, Mr. Mdhr met with a heavy financial disaster, and he was forced to succumb to the great pressure. The jirime cause of the failure was the memorable blow- ing up of the Reservoir at Massillon in 184S. It was undermined, and a magazine of powder placed under it bv enraged citizens, on account of the deleterious effect of the stagnant water; after a series of efforts to induce the Legisla- ture to dispense with it. The result was disastrous to many people, the Hood of water destro\'ing everything before it, .Mr. MillcM- being among the unfortunate sufferers, iiis mill and warehouse having been sw(M)t away with their valuable contents. His loss in this instance, was about ?'')0,()0(). The second trouble that visited Mr. Miller, was a heavy decline in the jirice of pork — of which, he was at that time holding about *i.5G,000 worth in Cleveland and Buffalo. The loss suffered in this instance, amoinited to about ^15.000— this, together with further troubles of a like nature, causeil the jilucky man to yield. In the month of March, 1851, he removed with his I'amily to Mt. Vernon, Ohio, where he engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements with M. C. Furlong, remainng there one year, removing in 1S5".J to Independ- ence, Ohio, where he look an interest with Robinson, Jones & Co., in the jiroduce busi- ness, staving there one year, reinoving thence to West Lib>rty, in the month of Ajjril, 185:i, where he engaged in the maiiufactun,' ami sale of ])at(Mit mediciin's with .1. Olinirer, the style of the firm being J. Olinger & Co., in which business he continued until ISoO, the business having been sold to Mr. O. S. Mil- ler at that time. Mr. Miller's family con- sisted of si.\ sons and four daughters, of whom i)ut two sons, O. S. and Theo. F. Miller, and two daughters, .Mrs. L. A. Pratt and Miss Margaret Miller are now living. He was killed in a railroad accident at Ansoina, Ohio, November 19, 1872. His wife soon followed him, never having recovered from the shock. ^1^ @ k^ LAKE TOWXSHIP. 5S7 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. LAKE TOWNSHIP. SAMUEL E. ALLMON, postmaster; Belle- foiitaiiie; was born in Portage Co., Ohio, Jan. 14, 1837, an J is tlie son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Ellison) Allnion; the mother was born in Virginia, and the father in Ohio, his people' being early settlers of Stark Co., O. Our subject from his native county moved to Stark Count}', from thence to Logan, and first located at East Liberty, where he was engaged in the manufacturing business; in 1861 he moved to Bellefontaine, and in 180:i enlisted as private in Co. C, 45th O, V. I., and was soon after made Sergeant-Major, then Adjutant, serving until the expiiation of his time, and particij)ating in all the battles and marches with the regiment fron) 1802 to 1805; at the close of the war Mr. AUmon returned home to Bellefontaine, and was engaged in traveling for the Wheeler & Wilson Mfg. Co.; in 1870 he was ap- jiointed postmaster of Bellefontaine under President Hayes, which office he is now filling with entire satisfaction to all. Mr. Ailmon had three brothers in the late war; one killed at the siege of Vicksburg. I. AKEY, farmer; P. O., Bellefontaine; was born in Washington Co., Pa., Sept. IS, 1815, and is the son of James and Sarah (Mc- Call) Akey, In about 1827 he, with his par- ents, moved to Stark Co., where he remained for a number of years; in 1837, Mr. Akey first came to Logan. Co., working by the day on the farm; he was married Feb. 7,1843, to Miss Vesta Hubbard, of Portage Co., O^ daughter of Rev. Stephen Hubbard, a Methodist ])reacher for fifty years, now living in Portage Co., O. After marriage, Mr. Akey moved to Logan Co., and located in Rush Creek Tp., but on account of his health, he returned to Stark Co., where he remained under medical treatment for about one year; after remain- ing in Stark Co. some three years, he re- turned to Logan Co., and located in Jeffer- son, where he remained until 1853, when he moved to his present farm in Lake Tp., which is one of the finest and liest improved fruit fanns in Logan Co. M'hcn Mr. Akey first came here he found it but little improved; he set out, and, by industry and good manage- xnent, has brought his farm to the highest state of cultivation. GEORGE H. ALLEN, Clerk of Courts, Logan Co.; Bellefontaine; was born in Picka- way Co., O., Sept. 0, 1840, and is the son of Harvey and Mary (Shawhan) Allen ; his mother was born in Virginia; his father is a native of this State; he engaged in mercantile pursuits. Geo. H. remained a resident of his native coun- ty until 1803, where he received a good com- mon school education, and coming to Belle- fontaine, he received a clerkship in a hardware store, where he remained from 1803 to 1878, during which time he became a member of the Logan County Agricultural Society, filling the office of Secretary of this SocietvVor some five years; here he came in contact with a great many leading farmers and business men of Logan Co., and in 1877 his friends placed his name before the people of the county for the office of Clerk of Courts of Logan Co.; he received the nomination bv a vote of 1,473, and elected to the office by a majority of 977 vtstes, being 248 votes over the regular ticket, Mr. Allen is a Repub- lican; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church; he has been faithful to the office of Clerk of Logan' Co., proving 588 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. himself a trfiiitlcmnn of aoknowledered ability. KKV. I'lONOHATUS F. HOCHION, Pas- tor of the Catiiolio Churcii; BeilL'foiitainc. Tliis gentliMiian was born in Lorraitie, France, June 1, 18-iO, and is the son of Francis Bour- ion, who was i)y profession an architect. After receiving a good common sciiool education, Honoratus entered the scliools of Paris, and graduated from the leading schools of learn- ing in that city; he came to America and was ordained priest of the ("atholic Church by Rt. ]{ev. Bishop Baraga, of Marquette, Mich.; his first charge was at Nogaunoe, Jlioh.; Rev. Bourion was the lirstregular priest of this place. Here he found no church, and but few workers; he went to work organizing, and with his faith- ful work and never tiring energy, he, after re- maining there some ten years, had organized and built four churches — two churches in Ne- gaunee, one at a cost of ^5,000 and one at 835,- OUO; one at Ishpeuiing cost ^2."),000, another in his field of labor at a cost of $.5,000, leav- ing a charge of some (),000 members. After remaining in this charge some teti years, al- most completely breaking down with his labor, working night and day, he went to Central City, Col., where he remained until 1877, during which time was erected a church at a cost of $"20,000, and a school. Sisters' Acadenu', at a cost of $28,000, he came to Bellefontaine, and found the church in debt some $000; to- day, 1880, the church is out of debt, and has in its treasury some $2,000. JOSEPH .Si. Bi>ACK; Bellefontaine; was born in Mercer Co., Peiiii., .May 21, 1S23, and is the son of William aiul Jane (Bell) Black, both parents of Ireland, having come to America when young. Jose])h, when 14 years of age, with his parents came to Logan Co., O., and located on a farm in Harrison Tp., where he was engaged in farming in Ilarison and \Vashingtogan Co. a poor boy, and taught school in order to pay his way in the stud}' of medicine, but with his never-tiring energy and attention to his practice of medi- cine, he had built up a leading practice. Ho was married, Oct. 25, 1800, to Miss Martha Rodijers, of Belmont Co., O. GIRDON X. BROUGHTOX, manufactur- er; Bellefontaine; was born in Windom Co., Conn., Dec. 3o, 1S04, and is the son of Na- than aiul Alida (Cady) Broughton; both par- ents natives of ('onnecticut. When very young, Mr. Broughton, with his parents, moved to Jellerson Co., X. V., where he re- mainerhtor. Wn.LL\.M BAKUlXtiER, job printing; Bellcfontaine; was born in Pennsylvania, Dec. 25, 1829. He caine to Ohio at an early day, having come toBellcfontaiiie in 1840, where he was engaged in working at liis trade as a print- er in the ollice of the Logan Gazette. He, in company with Coates Kinney, in 1850and '51 was engaged in |)nblishiiig the West Liberty Jiiniiict; at NVest I^ilterty, Logan Co. After working at his trade as a printer, Mr. Bar- ringer was, for some seven or eight years, en- gaged in the phiitogra]>li liusiiiess. He is also known among the professional rope-walkers as lieing one among the best in the country (luring his day. Mr. Barrringer followed ro|)e- walking for a niinibcr of years, traveling througli Indiana and Ohio, walking for agri- cultural societies at fairs. His last W'alk was at Canton, ()., wliere he fell from tlie rope thirtv feet from the ground, bri'akiiig his right arm in two ])laoos, suffering for some two months. In 1SU8 Mr. Barringer commenced liis present business of jol) printing, where he is prepared to do all kinds of work usually ilone in a job oflice. His place of business is located on Main street, opposite the Court I House. ALBERT BODEV, cigar manufacturer; Bellefontnine, was born in Crawford Co., O., in 1854; he learned his trade as a cigar maker in Gallon; in 1870 he came to Bellcfon- taine with a small capital, and entered the cigar manufacturing business with Mr. Marsh; Matsh & liodoy started with a meager cap.tal, employing two hatids. Continuing in business until 18T8, when Mr. Boiley became sole owner, since which time his trade has gradu- ally grown; that at the present time he is eni- jtloyuig four hands in the manufacture of ci- gars, doing a good business, his goods finding a ready sale where introduced; he manufac- tures the celebrated " New Coin " five cent cigar, which is perhaps the best five cent cigar inthe itiarket; his ca])acitv in the manufactur- ing of cigars is from 5,000 to i,0()0 weekly; findinsr sales for his ci";ars in Bellcfontaine and neighboring towns. Mr. ]5odey is also doing a retail business, keeping on hand a full line of smoking and chewing tol)acc(js: also a complete stock of ])ipes. liis ])laee of busi- ness is Columbus Street, opposite the Milteii- berger House. CHARLES E. B.\RTRAM, merchant; was born in Marion Co.,0.,.-\ug. 25, 1854, and is the son of J. ^^'. Bartram, who was born in Tomp- kins Co., N. Y.. Feb. 25, 1831, and came to Ohio in 1837, located at Maiion, and learned the trade of a tailor, which business he has continued in from 1843 till the present time, and t^i-day is ])erhaps the oldest tailor at the trade in the city. Oiu- subject came to Bellc- fontaine in 1807, entering the merchant-tai- loring business, which he has continued ever since, with the exception of a short time that lie was in the liat and cap trade. His place of business and merchant-tailoring establish- ment is located at No. 7 W. Columbus St. Here he occupies two rooms on the lirst floor, 18x70 feet, where he keeps a full line of gents' furnishing goods, hats, cap«i, and a complete stock of American and imported cloths, and is recoiruized as The Tailor. EZRA BENNETT, furniture; 15cll.fon- taine; was i)orn in Cumberland Co., N. J., on the 13tii of March, 1812, and is the son of Timothy B(!nnett, a farmer. Our subject was born on the farm, wliere he remained un- til he was some 14 years of age, when he com- menced to learn his trade as a caUinct-maker, in Cincinnati,*)., having come t" Ohio with his parents in the fall of 1817. Subse(pieiitly he W(»rked at his trade at Cincinnati, Spring- field and Xenia. On the 10th of .luly, 1844, he married Miss Mary A. Bryant, in Chu ke Co., O. In his leisure hours he had studied law, and in 1844 was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court, at Urbana. Li March, 1845, he moved to Bellefontaine, where he engaged in the practice of law, and in the LAKE TOWXSHIP. 531 fall of 1847 was elected Prosecuting Attor- ney of Lo2:ati Co. He vvas elected the lirst Probate Judge, under the new Constitution, in the fall of 1851, and re-elected in 1854:. Not liking the practice of law as well as he anticipated, Mr. Bennett purchased an inter- est in a foundry and machine shop, which proved an unsuccessful venture. Himself and two sons, Lucius C. and John Q. A., and a son-in-law, .James Van Eaton, served in the late Reiiellion. Mr. Bennett helped to recruit the llSth Ohio Battery, of which a his- tory will be found in another part of this work. He enlisted in this Battery as a 1st Lieutenant, and served faithfully. He was honorably discharged on account of sickness. After the war Mr. Bennett returned to the furniture business in Bellefontaine, which business he has continued ever since, being now in partnership with his son-in-law, Mr. Adams. Bennett & Adams' place of business is located on Columbus street. THO.MAS SANDS BROWN, lawyer and f.irnier; Bcib'fontaine, is the youngest child of Asa and Hannah (Sands) Brown, who were residing in Zanesfield at the time our subject was born, June 5, 1852. Three years later, the family moved on a farm one mile and a half east of Zanofield. Thomas's early boy- hood was spent at home; after attending the ])ublic schools, and receiving all the benefits that could be acquired there, he entered Earl- ham College, Sept. 1, 1868, while in his six- teenth year, entering the senior preparatory year, graduating with honors in li^7.3. In September, same year, he married M. Eliza Knight, who was born in Gray Co., Canada, May 16, 1855, daughter of Benjamin and Ann Knight, who are ot English birth and jiarent- age. Alter their marriage he located on the homestead farm, consisting of ^30 acres; 150 acres of this land was embraced in a deed, the first rec(U'd(>d in the county. In Novem- ber, 18T9, he began the study of law with West, Walker & West, attorneys in Bellefontaine. Since October, 1880, Mr. Brown has been a resident of Bellefontaine, having rented his farm, he purposes remaining with a view to enter the practice of law in 1882, and to affil- iate himself permanently with the place and its interests. He and wife have three children — Lola F., born Nov. 1, 1874; Benjamin S., July 22, 1876, and Arthur C, Sept. 18, 1879. He is a member of Wapatomica Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 424. JEO. R. CHRISTIE, the hatter; Belle- fontaine; was born in Ft. Wayne, Ind., Aug. 22, 1851. After attaining his majority he, with his mother (father having died), moved to Urhana, remaining there a few years, then to Toledo; here our subject, when a young lad, entered as a drummer in the 100-day service, serving in the 130th O. V. I., where he re- mained for four mouths, returning he re-en- listed, and served about one year in the 195th O. V. I., as a drummer, participating in some of the most severe battles and marches dur- ing the late civil war — Shiloh, Sheridan's raid around Richmond, Petersburg, etc.; after the war, Mr. Christie went to Boston, Mass., where he learned his trade as a hatter, remaining and working at his trade for about nine and half j-ears, when he returned to Toledo, work- ing at his trade there two years, when in 1878, he came to Bellefontaine, working at his trade, in 1880, he embarked in tiie hat, cap and gent's furnishing goods business, and to-dav, keeps one of the most complete stocks of this line of goods in Bellefontaine; he manufactures his own silk hats, and is recog- nized as one of the leading hatters of the State; his place of business is next to the postoffice. CHARLES L. COOLEY, merchant; Belle- fontaine; was born in West Springfield, Mass., July 4, 1822; ent ring the railroad contracting business, he took leading contracts for build- ing the North Hamjjton R. R., Hartford & New Haven R. R., Hudson River R. R., East Tennessee & Georgia R. R., Montgomery & Pensacola R. R., Cleveland & Pittsburg R. R., C, C, C. & I. R. R., etc. Coming to Bellefon- taine in 1852, he took a contract to lay track and ballasting on the C, C, C. & I. R. R. from Gallon to Union; he continued the railroad contracting until 1869, when he embarked in the grocery business in Bellefoi'^aine, which he carried on some ten years, when he en- gaged in agiiculture. His piace of business is located on West Columbus St., where he is enjoying a leading trade in the agricultural line. 5lr. Cooley has one-third interest in the Bellefontaine woolen mills. R. H. CANBY, Superintendent of Gas Works; Bellefontaine ; was born in Warren Co., O., Feb. 25, 1821, and is the son of ■^ - IS) 502 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Joseph and Mirgaret (Haines) Canby; he re- maiiieil a nsiileiit of Warren Co. until 1825, when he, with liis parents, moved to Miami Tp., Lo^an Co.; here Mr. Canby ri'inained until 1851, during which time he was fanning and working in his fath(>r's grist-mill, the first grist-mill built in the townshij); coming to Bellefoiitain(!, Mr. Canby and his brother John took a contract for building the lielle- fontaine & Indiana R. R. (now known as the Bee Line C, C, C. & 1. R. R.) from De Graff to Quincy. He was also a Director of this railroad for eleven years. In 1854 he entered the milling business in Bellefontaine, build- ing a largo grist-mill near the C, C, C. & I. R. R. engine-house, operating this mill until 18(30; he then went to ])c. GralT, and was en- gaged in the milling i)usincss there until 18(i0, when he njturned to Bellefontaine, where he entered th(! employ of the gas-works as stoker, and in 1874 was mailo Superintenilent of these works, which jjosition he is now filling. Mr. Canby married first, in 1842, Miss Mary Ann Leister, of Ross Co., 0.; she died in 1843; he married his present wife. Miss Catharine Wolfe, of Green Co., O., in 1847. They have six children — one by first wife and five by second wife. JAMES COOPER, physician; Bellefon- taine; is one of the oldest and most pronii- nent phj'sicians in Logan Co.; who was 'horn in Westmoreland Co., Penn., Au". 3, 1821, and is the son of Samuel Cooper, an attorney by profession, now 'Xi years of age, and a captain in the war of 1812. 'When but 5 years of age, James, with his ])arent.s, moved to Pittsburg, Penn., remaining there until he was 13 years of age, during which time he received a good edueatinn, attending school in a lecture room of the First I'resbvterian Church of that city; he afterwards went to Central America and commenced the study of medicine with Dr. liaidwin in Nicaragua; after remaining in Central America some fight months he returned to Pittsburg, con- tinuing the study of medicine; in 1831) he went to Jowa; in 1839 and 1840 he attemled medical lectures at Si. Louis. During his stay in Iowa he had considerable ])ractice among the ln, Findley, Columbus and Cincinnati; at the latter place he served with the well-known tobacco louse of Mad- dox Bms. for two years. In .hdy of 18(il, he eidisted as a ])rivate soldier in Co. G. 1st (). V. I., and was discharged in June, ]S()2, at Jackson's Ford, Ala., on nieount of sickness; he subsequently studied at the Cincinna- ti College of Medicine and Surgery, and ^. ©b. LAKE TOWNSHIP. 593 graduated with the degree of M. D., March 1, 1872. In 1875 lie was acting Assistant Physi- cian at the Clevehmd Hospital forthe Insane, and had full charge of 300 insane patients. Subsequently he engaged in active practice of his profession, at Huntsville, O., until Nov. 21, 1878, when he removed to Bellefontaine to accept the office of County Recorder, to which office he had been elected for three years, in the preceding October. Dr. Coulter was married to Lou. J. Dewey, daughter of Dr. S. S. Dewey, of Huntsville, on .fuly 8, 18(17. One child, a daughter, was born to him Oct. 30, 1873. WILLIAM H. CHANDLER, Co. Treas- urer; Bellefontaine. Among the prominent and well known men of Logan Co. is William H. Chandler, who was born in Elizabeth City, N. .L, May 25, 1836, and is the son of Henry and Susan (.lewell) Chandler, both natives of New Jersey. William, when quite young — with parents — moved to Ohio and located in Knox Co., where he remained until 1859, during which time he learned the trade of cariiage maker. Coming to Logan Co., in 1859, he located in Huntsville, where he worked at his trade until 1802, when, during the late civil war, lie enlisted as private in Co. I, 96th O. V. I. for three years, partici- pating in si.xteen regular battles and two seiges. Among the most prominent battles were Arkansas Post, Chickasaw Bluffs, Jack- son, Vicksburg, Carrion Crow, Parie, La. Here he was taken prisoner, and after remaining a prisoner of war for two months, was ex- changed, and rejoined his regiment, remain- ing until the expiration of enlistment. Mr. Chandler entered a private; from that he was made second lieutenant, then first lieutenant; from this he was made captain at the fall of Vicksburg, which he filled until his muster out, proving himself a brave soldier and an efficient commander. After serving three years in the army, he returned to Logan Co., and embarked in the dry goods business in Bellefontaine one year, also in Rushsylvania, where, in 1872, he was was elected to the of- fice of Sheriff of Logan Co., and was re-elected to the same office in 1874, where he served the people of Logan Co. with such credit, that in 1878 he was elected to the office of Treas- urer of Logan Co., by a majority of nearly 1,000 votes. Mr. Chandler is now filling the office of Councilman of the Second Ward of Bellefontaine; he has faithfully performed his duty; is a Republican in po.itics and a hard worker in the party ranks; a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. PERRY DECATUR COVINGTON,eldest son of Samuel and Ruth Covi no-ton, was born in Liberty Tp., Logan Co., 0.,Dec. 27, 1842. He lived on the farm until 1860, and taught two terms of school in Allen Co., O. In 1862 he enlisted in the 88th O. V. I.; was with his regiment about a j-ear, and clerked in Draft Rendezvous, at Columbus, O., one year. He was promoted to Capt. Co. F, 118th U. S. C. I. in 1864, and commanded the infantry (two companies) which held Fort Brady from the fall of 1864 until about March 30, 1865. Brady was the Union Fort on the James river nearest Richmond. His brigade was the first to enter Richmond, and went from Rii-hmond with Gen. Weitzel's com- mand to Texas, and crossed into Mexico in command of 200 men, Jan. 6, 1866, and occu- pied the town of Bagdad during its bom- bardment by the French blockading fleet. He was mustered out with his regiment, Feb. 6, 1866; was married May 15, 1866, near Lima, O., to Miss Sarah Ellen McClain, daughter of James McClain, Esq.; read med- icine with Dr. D. Watson, and graduated at the Medical College of Ohio in the sjjring of 1869, and practiced medicine at Round Head, O., four years. He removed to Bellefontaine in April, 1873, and formed a partnership with Dr. Watson. Since dissolving partnership with Dr. AVatson in July, 1877, he has con- tinued the practice of his profession alone. J. R. CRAWFORD & SON, livery and sale stables; the oldest livery firm in Belle- fontaine is that of J. R. Crawford, who was born near Darlington, Md., in 1810, and moved to Ohio in 1824. He was married in 1834 to Miss Myra McJiillan, who was born in Harri- son Co., Ohio, in 1811, and is the daughter of James McMillan, who came to Ohio in 1803. Mr. Crawford, after marrying, remained a resi- dent of Harrison. In 1866, he removed with his family to Bellefontaine and embarked in the livery business. J. Crawford was born in Har- rison Co. in 1853, having removed from there with his parents to Bellefontaine, embarking in the livery business, where they are now doing a good, fair business, both in the livery and 4'- :k 594 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. feed business, keeping nine good livery horses and a nunilier of veliicles; tiieir place of l)iisiness is located on east Columbia street, ! where they are prepared to let livery at reas- oiialtle rates. ROBERT T. COOK, merchant; Bellefon- taine; was born in Washington Co., Pa., Feb. 28, 1809. When he was 3 or 4 years of age, he, with his parents, came to Ohio, and located in Guernsej' Co. During this trip West Mr. Cook remembers seeing the soldiers of the war of 1812 along the route to Ohio. Remain- ing a resident of Guernsey Co. until he was about 10 years of age, when he returned to I'ennsylvania and learned his trade as a cab- inet maker. In 1832, about the 1st of March, Mr. Cook arrived at Bellelbntaine and began to work at his trade on Columbus street. After following his trade for some fifteen or si.\teen years in Bcllefontaine, he embarked in the grocery business, which he has con- tinued since, and to-day is the oldest grocery merchant, as well as the o'dest settler of the origiiuil plat of Bcllefontaine. In 1S.")0 Mr. ( 'ook was a heavy loser in the great fire of that year, losing his building and enti'-e stock of groceries, without any insurance. He has been located at his jircsent stand ever since. He married, in 1834, Miss McClure, who came to Logan Co., at an earlv day. JAMES COWMAN," merchant; Bcllefon- taine; was born in Anne Arundel Co., Md., March IT, 1S2.">, and is the son of Jerod and ElizalK'th (Wright) Cowman. In 1827 he, with his parents, came to Ohio, and located in .Springborough, Warren Co., where- heremainc d until 1847, during which time he learned his trade as a saddler; coming to Bcllefontaine in 1847, he embarked in the saddlery and har- ness business, working at his trade some twelve years, when he entered into tin/ meat market business, opening the first daily moat market in the city. In 1805 Mr. Cowman commenced the grocery business, in which he has continued ever since. Mr. Cowman is entirely blind, having lost his sight some fifteen jears ago, but, nevertheless, he has been one of Bellefontainc's most active l)usi- ness men. He waa a member of the Building Association, which erected the Buckeye and ' Empire Blocks, two of the leading business blocks i[i the city. He nunried twice, his first wife being Eliza Ann S-tiouther, deceased; he afterwards married Harriet Ann Rhoads; they have two children, Edward and Eliza Ellen. HON. ANTHONY CASAD, deceased; Bellcfontaine; was born in Sussex Co., N. J., March 10, 1802, and he is the son of Aaron and Rhoda (Dunn) Casad, who, in 1805, with a large family, came to Ohio and settled in Greene Co. Our subject's father was a me- chanic, in "moderate circumstances, and, in the absence of common schools, and with the facilities for educating his children beyond his reach, Anthony Casad grew to man's es- tate with only the rudest elements of a com- mon English education. In 1823 he entered the law office of the late Judge Joseph Crain, of Dayton, as a law student. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1820, and immediately came to Bcllefontaine and settled, for the purpose of practicing his profession. He was literally destitute of means, and his income from his jiractice was necessarily very slen- der. 0.1 the 27th of December, 1827, he was married to Miss Orpah Williams, daughter of John William. .ludge Casad's limited means and precarious income from his profes- sion rendered it necessary for him to devote a considerable portion of his time and atten- tion to other pursuits. This prevented him from acquiring as large a store of j)rofessional learing as he otherwise miglit have done. In the fall of 1828, he attCTided the first court hekl in Hancock Co., and was ap]iointed the first Prosecuting Attorney of the county. In 1834 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Loiran Co. In 1838 he was elected representa- tive to the Ohio Legislature, and was re-elected in 1830; in 1851 he was again elected to the Ohio Legislature under the new Constitution, and served for two years. In 1857 he waseiect- ed Prol)ate .ludge of Logan Co., and was re- elected in 1800,and held the otBce at the time of his death. He joined the Christian Church in 1842, and at the organization of the clnirch he was made an Elder. He subscribed large- ly towards the erection of the church build- ing. He died a sincere, earnest and devoted Christian, with most undoubting confidence of a glorious resurrection. Ri'inarks deliv- ered by Hon. Benjamin Stanton before the Court of Common Pleas of Logan Co., on the death of Hon. Anthony Casad: "Of his char- acter. I can S|)e!ik with entire confidence, fnjma * ^''U — f^ J- ■* — *- -•t. LAKE TOWNSHIP. 5^.3 very close and intimate acquaintance of nearly twenty-eight years — residing in the same villane, practicing at the same bar, candidates in the same contests, sometimes in opposition and sometimes on the same ticket. Many of the fondest and most dearly-cherished recol- lections of my early professional life are in- separably connected with my departed friend; and, in all my intercourse with the world, in my professional and political career, T have never found a man of more simplicity and purity of character than Anthony Casad. I have never had a friend upon whose integrity, sincerity and fidelity I could rely with more perfect and entire confidence than he whose loss I now so deeplv dei)lore." JOHN CANBY^ merchant; Bellefontaine; was born in Lebanon, Warren Co., ()., Sept. 24, 1824, and is the son of Joseph and Mar- garet (Haines) Canby. Our subject, with his parents, moved to Logan Co. in 1825, and located in Miami Tp., where he was engaged in farmuig and milling until he, in company ■with his brother, R. H. Canby, engaged in building the Bellefontaine & Indiana R. R. from De Graff to Quincy (now the Bee Line); he was made Paymaster and Assistant Super- intendent of this road, and filled that position for nine years, when he was made its Presi- dent, filling that place for five years, when Mr. Canb\' resigned. In 1805 he embarked in tlu! agricultural business, which he is now engaged in; his place is located on West Coiumbus street, where he is doing a leading business in his line. Mr. Canby married, in 1802, Miss C. W. Collier, of Boston, Mass.; they have three children. ROBERT CROCKETT ; retired; is one of the oldest settlers of Logan Co., and was born in Clark Co., Ky.,Nov. 8, 1808, the son of Rob- ert and Patsey (Cartrnill) Crockett, both pa- rents natives of Virginia. They married in Kentucky, and in 1812, with ten children, they moved to Ohio, and Jocatecl on a farm of 180 acres, one ami (me-half miles west of West Liberty, Logan Co., then a wild coun- try, with plenty of Indians and wolves. Here his father died about the year 1821,' at 51 years of age. The mother then mov- ed to West Liberty, our subject having moved there with his sister in 1810. She (his sister) had married Thomas Clark, who kept the first hotel in West Liberty. Mr. Crockett saw the first house raised in West Liberty; was a resident of Urbana a short time. In 1854 he was elected Sheriff of Lo- gan Co. by the Know-Nothing party, by a a majority of some 1,800 votes. This office he tilled with honor and credit for four years and three months. In 1855 he moved to Bellefontaine, which has been his home ever since. He was Deputy-Sheriff two years, City Police two years, and Constab'e, which office he now fills. He was a soldier in the late civil war, recruited Co. D, of the 6Cth O.V. I., and enlisted in this Company as its 2d Lieu- tenant — was afterwards made its 1st Lieu- tenant, and served some twelve months, when, on account of sickness he was honorably mus- tered out of service, and returned to Bf lle- fontaine. He was married in 1832 to Miss Elizabeth Roberts, of Virginia, who came to Logan Co. at an earlj- day. By this marriage thev have had seven children. Mr. Crockett learned his trade as a tanner at 17 years of age, in West Liberty. His mother died in South Bend, Ind., at 79 years of age. MILLER CARRIAGE COMPANY; Belle- fontaine. Every institution of a manulactur- ing nature is of direct and indirect benefit to any city where located, and etjual advantages are given by its proprietor should alwaj'S command the patronage of home consuniers, as thereby each citizen receives his quota of profit. Among the institutions of Bellefon- taine, of which the citizi-ns ought to be proud and help sustain, is the Jliller Carriage Com- pany, which was organizinl in ]85:i, andhas since then succeeded in nuiking all kinds ot carriages usually made in a first-class estab- lishment. Their work is unsurpassed in quality, which have brought the good name of this vicinity prominently before the people throughout the country. The oldest of the firm is Mr. Amos Miller, who was born in Stark Co., O., March 28, 1828, and is the son of Jacob Miller, of Pennsylvania. Learning a trade as a carriage woodworker, in Pans, Stark Co.; he afterwards worked at his trade in Salem and Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853. He came to Bellefontaine and embarked in busi- ness with U. S. Miller, as the firm of A. & I). J. Miller, in the brick shop in the rear of the Miltenberger House, where they were engaged very extensively in the manufacture of ear- riao-es; then moved to the frame building on "3/ f ^ 5oa BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. tlio opposite side of the street; thence to the proseiit place of business. Thej' estal)lished a brancli liouse at one time at .Muiicie, liid., where they einj)loyed some thirteen hands, but on aecouiit of liard times this was closed. This firm is now juincipally engaged in the manufacture of the patent buggy body, for which they find sales throughout tlie country. From a small start, employing some three hands, the business has gruvvn to a leading one, employiTig as high as (ifiy hands. Amos Miller, General .Manager; .J. N. .Miller, Travel- ing Salesman; D. J. .Miller, Superintendent of of Prosecuting Attorney of Logan County, being re-elected to the same oflice in 1871, filling this office for four years. In ISTS he was elected a member of the Ohio State Lcirislature from l^ogan county, being re-elected in 1ST7; he has given entire satis- factiiin, having proven liimself a gentleman of acknowledg<'d aliility. Mr. Dow is a Repub- lican, and a member of the U. P. Church, of which he is one of its honored Elders; ne mar- ried in 1875 Miss Mairgie A. Gregg of Phila- delphia, Pa., by whom he has two children, both are dauffhters. .Mr. Dow is a director of the Firts National Bank of Bellefontaine. JOSHUA M. DICKINSON, proi)rictor of the Logan House; Bellefontaine; was born one mile east of Zanesfield, Logan Co., O., Feb. 18, 1824, and is the son of Thomas and .Maria (Lo%ve) Dickinson. His mother was born ill West Virginia, and his father in Pennsylvania; they were married in West Virginia, and in 1810 came to Logan Co., and located in Jefl'erson Tp.; they came here vr of the war of 1812. His wife died in 18U5. Our subject moved with his LAKE TOWNSHIP. 597 parents to Rush Creek in 1833. AVlien he was 91 years of age he, in company, purchas- ed 150 acres of land; this is the first land that Mr. Dickinson owned; it was located in Jeiferson Tp.; this land was paid for at §5 per acre, and Mr. Dickinson paid for the same in manufacturing maple sugar. At 21 years of age, he married Miss Martha Brun- son. At this marriage he was worth some §000. By this marriage they had four chil- dren. After marrying, he lived on a rented farm for a number of years; he farmed near Rushsylvania from 1846 to 1854, when he moved to Perry Tp., near East Liberty, where he remained until 1870, during which time he was eng;iged in farming and stock-raising, in which business he has been very success- ful, maUiniT a specialty in raising mules, and was the largest dealer in mules in Logan Co., having sold from his farm at one time, $9,000 worth of mules. To-day .Mr. Dickinson owns 970 acres of land, and valualjle citv property in Bellefontaine; he is proprietor of the Lo- gan House, which is a neat three-story brick building, located in the central part of tiie city, and is recognized as one of the leading $'i houses of Central Ohio. Mr. Dickinson donated largely money to carry on the late civil war; his township never had a man drafted; he again married, his present wife being Ellen Armstrong, by whom there are three children. HENRY C. DICKINSON, attorney-at- law; Bellefontaine; was born in Rush Creek Tp., Logan Co., O., June 30, 1839, and is the son of Robert and Rebecca (Stephenson) Dickinson, old pioneers of Logan Co. Our subject moved from Rush Creek Tp. to Perry Tp., where he remained until 18G1, during which time he was engaged in farming and attending the district schools. In 1801 he moved to Union Co., O., where he remained ten years, engaged in farming, when he re- turned to Perry Tp. Here he devoted part of his time to reading law, and, in 1873, he was admitted to the Bar; in 1875 he moved to Bellefontaine and began the practice of his chosen profession; in 1877 and 1878 he was associated in the practice of law with Mi: Steen, the firm being Steen & Dick- inson. With this exception, Mr. Dickinson has been alone in the practice of law, and to- day ranks among the successful lawyers of the Logan Co. Bar. Mr. Dickinson >vas for a short time in the livery business in Bellefon- taine, which is the only other business he has been in since his residence in this city. He is a Republican. LEVI DURINGER, brick manufacturer; Bellefontaine. Of the leading bnckvards of Bellefontaine, we mention that owned and operated by Mr. Duriiiger, who began the manufacture of brick upon the present site in 1874, making that year 300,000 brick. Since that time they have made as high as 800,000 brick in one year; finding sale for them in Bellefontaine and vicinity. Mr. Duringer has, perhaps, traveled as much as any j^oung man in Logan Co.; he was born in California in 1854, where he re- mained until he was ]3 years of age, then, with his parents, he made six ocean voy- ages, visiting the Sandwich Islands, Cuba, Vancouver's Island, Mexico, and several other prominent places on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. His father, John O. Duringer, is a native of G-ermany, where he learned the brewer's trade. Coming to America at an early day, he was for a short time a resident of New York, New Orleans, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Peoria, St. Joseph, and thenceto Cali- fornia. In 1874 the family came to Belle- fontaine, where they have remained ever since. Mr. Duringer is meeting with fair suc- cess in the manufacture of bricks, of which he makes a superior article. G. W. EMERSON, attorney-at-law; Belle- fontaine. Among the successful attorneys of the Logan Co. Bar, we may mention the above-named gentleman, who was born in Logan Co., Ohio, Dec. 19, 1849, and is the son of Moses Eraersim, one of the oldest settlers of Logan ('o., a farmer, and a strong temper- ance ailvocate. Our subject graduated from the Hillsdale College, in the classical course, in 1870. He then engaged in teaching school and in surveying Government land in the West. He read law in the office of West, Walker & Kennedy; in 1875, was admitted to the bar, and in 1876 he commenced the practice of his chosen profession, entering into partner>;hip with E. J. Howeiistine, which continued up to 1877, since which time Mr. Emerson has tieen alone in the practice of law. In 1877, he was elected to the office of ProS'- outing Attorney of Logan Co., and =1^ 598 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. re-elected in 1870; this office he has filled with ai-knovvlef]hyscians of Logan Co. He is a member of the Ohio State Medical Society ami the Lo- gan Countv Medical Society; is President of the latter society. ])r. Fuller has held several oiBces of public trust; he has been a mem- ber of the Board of Education vif Bell(>fon- t'line for some nineteen years, during which time he was Chairman of the lints are now living, being of old Quaker stock. Our subject re- mained a resident of his native township un- til 1874, during which time he was engaged principally in the saw-mill business. In 1874 he came to Bcdiefontaine and ])urchased a saw-mill on the site of his present mill. In 1875 the mill burned, with no insurance upon it, leaving Mr. Green in meagre cii- fuu'stances; with the help of friends, Mr. Green soon had his ])resent mill in o])eration, and to-dav he is enjoying a good business; his mill is locateil in the northeiist portion of the town. Mr. Green was married in Logan Co., O., to Miss Mary Ann Hog(>, who was born in Virginia in 1837, having moved to Logan Co., t)., with her jiarents when she was about 8 years of age, her ])arents locating in Jefferson Tp.; by this mairiage they have one child, a daughter — Katie Hoge, born in LAKE TOWNSHIP. 599 Bellefontaine, O., Aug. 7, 1877. Mr. Green lias an old lainily Bible, that has been in the family since 179'^. FALTI, GREEN & CO., carriage manu- facturers; Bellefontaine. There are few busi- ness firms of Bellefontaine that enjoj-^ the confidence of the people more than the ahove- named firm, and as manufacturers Falti, Green & (Jo. stand hrst-class. The firm is composed of C. F. Falti, who has had some twenty- three years' experience in the business. He \v s a soldier of the late war. Benjamin P. Gr^en, in charge of the paint shop, has had some twentj'-Hve years' experience in the business, and is also Chief of the Bellefon- taine Fire Department. H. C. Garwood, in charge of the trimming department, has had ten years' experience; in the business. It will be seen that these gentlein(!n each have had a very extensive expericnice in his line of business; each a practical and thorough work- man, giving their own j>ersonal supervision to all work being constructed in their manufac- tory. Their manufactory is located south- west from the Court-House. The building was erected for a wagon and plow shop at an early day. In 1876 the present firm em- barked in business in the manufacture of bug- gies and spring wagons, occupying three buildings — the first, 20x50 feet, and two stories high, the first floor being used as a re- pairing de|)artment; the 2d iloor, trimming and ]iainting; blacksmith's department. 20 X 42 feet; the rejiository, 20x40 feet. Ever since the commencement of this firm tiieir busin(>ss has graduallv imjiroved, so that to- day they do a leading liusiness, employing in all dejiartments some eight men. O. S. GOODWIN, carriage-maker; Belle- fontaine. The oldest as well as one of the leading carriage manufactories of Logan Co., is that owned and operated by the above named gentleman, who learned his trade as a woodworker in a carriage department in.Ohio; he came to Bellefontaine as a first-class me- chanic, and as a builder of caniages has built up a large trade, and won a very envialile rep- utation. He came to Bellefontaine in 1868, ami worked at his trade for Miller Bros. In 1809 he entered as a partner in the firm of Duddy, Goodwin & Fossler, which continued some three years; then Duddy & Goodwin con- tinued for five years; since then Mr. Goodwin has been alone in tin; manid'acturing business. His work is noted for its solidity and elegance of finish. The manufactory is located in the rear of the Miltenberger House. The main building-s are 220 feet long, part of it two stories high. Enijiloys in l)usy season as high as ten men. Besides the manufacture of all kinds of light vehicdes, Mr. Goodwin is pre- pared to do reparing in the best possible manner. DR. A. E. GRIFFIN, dentist; Bellefon- taine; was born in Greene Co. N. Y., in 1882; having moved to Ohio with his parents about 1S:?4. In 1853 he began to learn dentistry at Wilmington. After serving his apprentice- ship, he went to yhelbvvill(>, Ky., and began the practice of dentistrv, whore he remained about two years, when he returned to Ohio ami practiced dentistry at Mt. Gilead, Urbaiia, Marion and Pickaway. In April, 1864, he came to Bellefontaine, where he has remained practicing his profession ever since, and to- day is the oldest dentist in this vicinity. He has occupied his present office, located over the First Natiomil Hank, for the last fourteen years. His offii es an' neat atul well arranged, where he is prepared to do the very best of dental work. Dr. Griffin was a soldier in the late war; he enlisted in Co. D, 87th O. V. I., participating in the battle of Harper's Ferry. He filled the office of member of the Belle- fontaine School Board, for two terms, with credit. L. W. HOLZER, merchant-tailor; Bellefon- taine; is the oldest merchant-tailor of Bellefon- taine now in business. He was born in Feld Kiich, Austria, .lune 7, 1824. At 12 years of age he began to learn his trade as a tailor; at 16 he was engaged in travelino- in different parts of Germany, Fratice, etc., working at his trade; when his country, Austria, engaged in war against Italy — known as the Italian war — Mr. Holzer was drafted in the army and served eight years, partici])ating in a number of battles and marches of that war, under Gen. Radatzky; he received a saber wound in the head in a leading engagement. In 185:^ Mr. Holzer came to America and di- rect to Bellefontaine; here he worked at his trade until 18.")9, when he established busi- ness for himself. His place of business is now located on the northeast corner of Main and Chiilicothe streets, where he keeps on GOO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. band a full line of furnishing goods and is pro])arod to do the bust of morcliant-tailoring. He was inarried, in Bellefontainc, to Mrs. Bushel, of Prussia. JOSEPH A. HUiMPHREY, proprietor of brass and iron foun(hv; Hellelontaine. Of the old and respected imsiness men of Belle- fontaine stands the above-named gentletnan, who was born in Jeft'erson Co., O., in 1818. In 183.5, he moved to Logan Co. with his parents, and located on a farm near Bellefon- taine. In 1841, he began to learn his trade as a machinist; he, in (■(impaiiy with several others, started the first foundry in Bellefon- taine — firm of Stroud, Hum])lirey & Scott; alter working here several years at the foun- dry business he went to Indiana, and was for four years engaged in the saw-mill i)usiness, when he moved to P(Mnl)erton, Shelby Co., O., where he followed the same business until 18G.5, during which time he also enlisted in tlie 134th O. y. I., undfr Cajjt. "Wilkinson, and served with this regiment in the lOO-days service, doing duty near Richmond and Peters- burg. In 1S(J5, he returned to Bcllefontaine, and in 1874 embarked in his ]jresent business by first erecting a frame building, 24x30, with basement and first floor; this was erected to do a general rejiaiiing l)usiness in the agricultural line, and run by liorse-])ower, but the business gradually increased, until .Mr. Iluniphrey ailded a fouiulry de|)artinent to do a general molding and foundry business. In l!-SJ he increased his business by Iniilding new addi- tions, 24x311, and to-day has a neat foundry and niachiiK! shop, wlx're he is pre])ared to do all kiiiils of work usually done in the foundry and machine slio|) business; he is engaged very extensively in manufaclin-ing iron pumps, which are meeting with good sale; his ma- chine df|)artment is now run by steam-power, em|tloving some si.\ men in both departments. He is a man that is recognized as ln'ing a No. 1 machinist; he did the first iron turning in Belh'fonlaine; his work turned out from his establishment is f)f a No. 1 gan Co. -Mr. Howenstine is a Hc]iul)liran aiul a member of the Presbyterian Cliurch. CAPT. T. L. IlUTClllXS, Deputy T'nitcd States Internal lJevc>nue Collector; Bcllefon- taine; was born in Vernon, Jeiininirs Co., lii4, Ca|)t. llntchins went to Franklin, Ind., and kept a hotel until l!-'.")7. Coming to Bc-llefijiitaine he was engaged in keeping an eating-house at the railroad until I860,, when he turned his attention to the poultry busim>ss. buying, and shipping his poultry to New (")rleans. On one of these trips, in 1861, he I'oinid himself in New Or- leans wlii'e the Confederates were recruiting for the service. Mr. Hutchins returned home and immediately commenced the recruiting of soUliers for the Union .Vrmy. In company with Capt. Andrew Gardner he began the recruiting of Co. K, 42nd O. V. I., and on the 28th of Jy.' LAKE TOWNSHIP. GOl Sept. 1801, was made First Lieutenant, serv- iiij^ in that capacity until Jaiuiary, 18(Jo, when he was made Captain of the same company, wliich office he filled until Dec. 4, 1^04, when the reofiment was mustered out. (History of the 4'2nd will be found in another part of this work). Capt. Hutch'ns jiarticipated in all the leading battles and marches of this regiment. At the battle of Arkansas Post he served as Aid to Gen. George W. Morgan, during which time his horse fell and broke his right arm. Capt. Hutchins remained with his regi- ment: took charge of his company with his ai'ni in a sling, at the siege of Vicksburg. The history of Co. K is the history of the 4"^nd, all of whose services and perils it shared bravely and faithfully, from first to last. At the close of the war Capt. Hutchins returned to Bellefoiitaine and carried on the agricultural business until 1807. In 18GS and ISOy in the dry goods business. On Feb. yi), 1809, was appointed Assistant Assessor of United States Internal Revenue, filling this office until 1872, since which time he has been Deputy Collector. Capt. Hutchins has taken a very active part in the improvements of Bellefontaine, being interested in the building of three of the finest business blocks in this city. He is a Republican in politics, being an active worker with that party. He mar- ried, in Jennings Co., Ind., Nov. 5, 1848, Miss Elizabeth Jane Sandford, of Indiana; they have qn(vchild, a daughter. 'r. W. HYNES, merchant; Bellefontaine. The subject of this brief sketch was born in lri:>land, Dec. 21,1810. In his native coiuitry Mr. Ilynes was engaged in farming, and after marrying, he, with wife and one child, in 1840, came to America, locating in Jefferson Co., N. Y., where he was engaged in farming, following this for several years ; he then entered the mercantile business in Buffalo, N. Y. He was a resident of Iowa for some time, and in 18G5 came to Bellefontaine, whrfie he has been one of its honored and re- spected citizens ever since. He is now en- gaged in the grocery business on Main street, and is recognized as one of Bellef'ontaiiie''s enterjirising citizens. PHILANDER JONES; coroner; Bellefon- taine; was born in Licking Co., O., March 13, 1818, remaining in his native county until about twenty-one years of age, learning the trade of a tailor; he then set out and worked in different parts of Ohio, and a short time in Indiana. In 1850 he came to Bellefontaine, which has been liis home ever since; when first coming here he went to work at his trade, tailoring, and continued this i»usincss for a number of years. In 18G2 he was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, filling that office with credit for twelve consecutive years, and again elected in 1878, which he is now holding-, being the oldest Justice of the Peace in Bellefontaine. In 1800 Mr. Jones was elected to the office of Coroner of Logan County, filling that office ever since, with the exception of three years; in these offices Mr. Jones has gifon entire satisfaction. He was a soldier in the late civil war, and enlisted in Co. B, 85th O. V. I., and served some four months with honor and credit. He is en- gaged in the real estate and insurance busi- ness, representing some of the leading insur- ance companies of Ohio — Richland Mutual, of Mansfield; Western Mutual, of Urbana; Franklin, of Columbus, and Farmers', of Yoi k, Pennsylvania. Rev. GEORGIUS LUDOVICUS KALB, minister of the First Presbyterian Church; Bellefontaine; was born in Franklin Co., O., Sept. I'i, 18'^n, and is the son of George \V. and iMargaret (Claybaugh) Ka b; his mother is a native of Pennsylvania, and his father of Maryland, and came to Franklin Co., O., in iSOo; he is a farmer and is still a resident of Franklin Co., being- one of the oldest living settlers of that county. Georg'us L. was burn on the farm, where he retnained until he was 14 years of age, when he entered the Miami University; he afterwards entered tin; Centre College, of Danville, Kv., and graduated from this place of learning in the class of 1848, with thirty-three others; out of the class of thirty-four graduates at that time, we find eight ministers, also J. M. Crook, brother of Gen. Crook, Judge Alexander F. Hume, of Ohio, and Senator George G. Vest, of Mis- souri. In 1849 Mr. Kalb began studying for the ministry under Dr. Claybaugh, of Ox- ford, O. In 1851 he was licensed to preach, in October, 1852, he was tendered a charge at Circleville, Ohio, which he accepted, and preached from the jjulpit of the Central Pres- byterian Church until 1803, being ordainetl in 1853. In 1802 he helped to organize the 602 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 90ili O. V. I., which took part in the late civil war; on its organization lie was made its Chaplain; after eii^ht months he resigned on account of sickness. In 1803 Dr. Kalb came to BcUcfontaine, where lie had i)een ajjpointed to fill the pulpit of tiie First Presbyterian Church, then located on North .Main street. In .lanuarj', 1874, the present chur ch was dedi- cated, where our worthy sul)ject has filled the pulj)it since. lie has taken a very active part in tiie public schools of Hellefontaiiie, having been a member of the School Board for some e ght years. He was Clerk of the School Board seven years. Dr. Kalb was married Nov. 30, 1854, to Miss Mary E. Bigiiam, of Butler Co., O.; they have had six chiklren, one deceased. REV. O. KENNEDY, minister of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, was born at Milford Centre, Union Co., O., Oct. 16, 1825, and is the son of E. and Martha (Sanders) Kennedy. His mother was born in Pennsylvania, and his father in Maryland. He was a blacksmith jjy trade, having emigrated to Ohio when the Indians were very plentiful. Young Kennedy remained a resident of his native County until 1S53, during which time he was engiiged in goinsr to sciiool and learning l)lack- smitliing witii his father, in 185:i Rev. Ken- nedy began as traveling preachei' of the North Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference; the same year he was ordaineii as deacon, preaching for two years in Darke Co., Arcanum Circuit, two years, and thence to Greenville, tvvoyeai's. In 1857 he came to Bellefontaine, remaining one year; and in Toledo three years; and in Bucyrus asiiort time. Hr>re lie enlisted in the lOlstO. V. I., and as Chaplain renuiining with that regiment some two years, and participat- inir in the batth-s of Perryville an has already demonstrated thijt he is entitled to a place in the front ranks of photogra])h- ers of Central Ohio. Ilis work has taken the first premium at all fairs where exhibited. His rooms are located on the sin-ond floor. The reception rooms are tastefully fitte.! uj) and hung with some of his productions, which arc first class, cimijiaring with the best work in the country. Mr. Koogle was a coldier in the late war; was one of 100 men selected by Gov. Todd, and presented to the Govern- ment as President Lincoln's boily guaril, known as the Ith OliioInde|)eness is located in the alley, one-half square west of the post-office, where he em- ploys some seven hands, and is prepared to do all kinds of woik usually done in a first-class establishment. J. M. KAUFMAN, Logan Co. Infirmary Director; Bellelontaine. Among the old set- tlers of Logan Co., we may mention the abovt- named gentleman, who was born in Baltimore Co., Md. Leaving his native State in 1833 or 1834, he moved to Kentuekj-, where he re- mained a resident until 1838, when he moved to Logan Co., locating on a farm in Harrison Tp.; here he engaged in farming for a number of j'ears, and was acknowledged as one of its successful farmers. Some twelve years ago Mr. Kaufman moved to Bellefontaine, where he has been one of its honored citizens, filling several offices of public trnst with honor; was a member of the Citj' Council; is now a Director of the Logan Co. Infirmary, which he has been filling sincj 1872. Mr. Kaufmnn was engaged for some six years in the dr^'- goods business in Bell 'I'ontainc. JOSEPH H. LAWRENCE, attorney-at- law, Bellefontaine; was born in Bellefontaine, Logan Co., O., August i. 1847, and is the son of Judge Wm. Lawrence, whose biog- raphy appears in another part of this work. Joseph, after receiving a common school edu- cation, entered the Washington and Jeffer- son College of Pennsylvania, and graduated fr6m this place of learning in 1870; he soon after entered the Columbian Law College of Washington, and graduated in 1871, when he commenced the practice of law with his father. Mr. Lawrence was a soldier in the late civil war, enlisting in Co. B, 13'^nd O. V. I., where he served for some four mouths. JAMES LONG, physician; Bellefontaine. Among the learned and successful physicians of Logan Co., may be mentioned the above- named gentleman, who was born in Buffalo, N. Y., Dec. 19, 1799, and is the son of Samuel and Margaret (Pense) Long. The mother was of Pennsylvania and his father of Mary- land. He (the father) was a physician, being in the regular United States service, as a physician and surgeon, participating in the war of 1812. He was wounded at the battle of Luiidy's Lane. Our subject entered his father's office and remained under his charge, in the study of medicine, for a number of years, when he began the practice of the same. In 1829 Dr. Long cann^ to Ohio, which has been his home, princijially, ever since. He graduated from the Eclectic Medical Col- lege of Penns\'lvania, in 18(i.5, and was a member of the Eclectic Jledical Society of Pennsylvania for some fifteen years. Dr. Long and son, Madison S., have just located in Bellefontaine, coming here from Marion, (where they had a large and successful prac- tice) highly recommended by the people and press of that city. He is a thoroughly educated physician, fully understanding the nature and treatment of disease, and, as such, is entitled to the confidence of the people. MADISON S. LONG, physician; Bellefon- taine; was born in Beaver Co., Pa., in 1840. After receiving an education, he entered his father's office and began the study of medi- cine. In 1871 he graduated from the Eclec- tic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, O., and soon after commenced the practice of his chosen profession in company with his father. Dr. James Long, since which they have been meeting with good success, making a spec- ialty in the treatment of chronic diseases. Their office is located on Main St.. opposite the post-office, where Dr. Long can be con- sulted in the German and English lan- guages. These gentlemen are just locating in Bellefontaine, but from the recommenda- tions from tlr^ people of their former home and the solicitation of friends here, their suc- cess is certain. G. W. LOOFBOURROW, dentist, Belle- fontaine. Among the leading business men of Bellefontaine, is Dr. Loofbourrow, who was born in Adams Co., Ind., A]iril 1, 1839, and is the son of Thomas R. and Rhoda (Messmore) Loofbourrow, both parents being natives of Ohio. He commenced the study of dentistry s "V 004 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. ill a lea(]inxcei)tion of 1808- 70. He, in ISIO, was elected to the office of City Clerk of Belh-fontaini', filling this of- fice with acknowledired ability. He was re-elected in 1878 and 1880. to the sam<' office, filling it with honor and credit. Mr. McGm- nis holds several offices of trust: is Secri-tary of the Lake and Logan Building and Loan Association, being one of the organizers of the Logan Building and Loan Association. He has for the past five years been engaged in the fire insurance business, representing some of the leailing insurance companies of America: Phoeni.x, of Brooklyn; Newark, •< LAKE TOWNSHIP. G05 Amazon, Cooper, Jefferson, Toledo Fire and Marine, doing one of the leading insurance businesses ol:' Logan Co. His place of busi- ness is located opposite the Post-office. •JOHN F. MILLER, merchant; Bellefon- taine; was born in Baden, Germany, March 4, 1832; at 15 years of age he began to learn the trade of a baker; in 1850, he, in company with his brother, sailed for America, landing in New York; he had but a five-franc piece, being all the money he had; Ik; came direct to Oliio, jind located in Columbus, where lie worked at the baker's trade for some two or three years, afterwards working in different parts of Ohio. March 11!, 1808, Mr. Miller came to ] JcUcfontaine, entering the bakery and grocery business near the present site of his place of biisiness; htire he remained until 18i T, when he erected his present business block, two stories high, 2()x]21 feet, including bakery shop; besides Mr. Miller's extensive grocery and bakery business, he is interested in the Bellefontaine woolen mills, one of the leading manufactories of the city; he is also owner of a large stone quarry west of town, and the owner of four farms. His success in life is due to his industry and good manage- ment; he stands to-day as one of Bellefon- taine's most enterprising business men. .1. W. McUOlD, meat market, Bellefon- taine; was born in Muskingum Co., O., .Tune 23, 1843, and is the son of John and Ellen (Eehelberg) McCoid; our subject, when about three years of age, with his parents moved to Bellefontaine, which has been his home ever since; here he entered his father's butcher sho]) when about fifteen years of age, and Mr. McCoid has continued in the butcher business ever since; he is now the oldest butcher in business in Bellefontaine. Mr. McCoid for a number of years kept butcher sho]5 on the corner where the Miltenberger House now stands; from there he moved to the north- east corner; from there to his present place of bnsiness, located on the northwest corner of Columbus and Detroit streets, where he keeps the leading butcher shop in the city. Mr. McCoid married Miss Emma J. Wheeler, of Ohio, by whom he has two children living, Adolphus and Crutcher. JOHN MILLER, jeweler; Bellefontaine; was born in Cecil Co., iMd., March 20, 1809, and is the son of Tliomas and Abbie (George) Miller, both jiarents natives of Maryland. Our subject remained a resident of his na- tive county until 1810, when he with his jiarents moved to Washington Co., Pa., where he remained until 1824; then came to Ohio, and located in New Lisbon, where he learned his trade, watehinnking; and afterwards was a resident of Washington Co., Pa., then to Gnornsey Co., O., and in 183-1 moved to Belle- fontaine O., where he entered the watch and jewelry business, which l)usiiiess he has con- tinued ever since in Bellefontaine, being to- day the oldest watchmaker in Logan Co. During Mr. Miller's residence in Bellefontaine Iw has hel 1 several offices of public trust with honor and creclit; he was JIaj-or of the city for two terms, and a member of the City Council two terms; is a member of the Dis- ciple Cluu-ch, of which he has been one of its active mondjers, preaching for a number of years; a hard worker in the temperance cause, and took an active part in the anti-slavery c(uestion, and a ni unber of the underground railroad. Mr. Miller conunenced the watch and jewchy business in Bellefontaine with a small cajiital; he rode horseback to Cincinnati and purchased his stock, returning with it in a pair of saddle-hags. He married in 1829 to Miss Abbi(! Torrence; by this union they had seven children, of whom five are living. Mrs. Miller dieil in December, 1879, nearly 70 years of age. Tlnisjiassed away one of the highly respected old settlers of Bellefontaine. HORACE G. McKEE, livery; Bellefon- taine. Among the most successful livery- men of Bellefontaine is the above-named gentleman, who was born in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., and came to Ohio when he was about twelve years of age and located in Morrow Co., where he remained for a' num- ber of years, holding several offices of public trust, and was .Sherilf of Morrow Co. for two terms, and a nuMnber of the City Council of ilt. Gilead some five years. Those offices Mr. McKee filled with honor and credit. He was also a soldier in the late civil war, serving in the 126th O. V. I. From Morrow Co. Mr. McKee moved to Knox, tiience to Bellefon- taine in 1870, having purchased his liverv business in 18G8. He is now the owner of one of the best livery stables and enjoying a leading business of Logan Co., keeping on hand the best livery in the city: seventeen G06 BIOG RAPIIICA h SKETCHES. head of horses and h fine turn-out in the ve- hicle line, havinjj accomniodations for sixty- three heail of horses. .lOIiX 15. Mir.I.El?,d.>cea?ed,BeIlefontaino; was horn in New York City, Dec. 16, 1808, and was the sou of Kpiiiaini Miller, a carpenter by traile. Oursuhjeit learned tiie tratle as a shoe- maker in Cincinnati, O., wiiere he had moved to when he was a cliild, and working at his trade in dilfereut sections of the countiy. He mar- ried Susan Thurston, who was born in Massa- ciuisetts in 1811; came to Cincinnati wlien she was not quite 13 years of age. In 18-52 tliey moved to Bellefontaine; coming here in a two-horse wagon, being one of the first regular shoemakers to locate at Bellefontaine, working in a building on the site of the C)])era House for a number of years. He entered the mercantile business, and then in the hotel business. He was a soldier in the Mexican war, eidistinir in the l.jth Infantry as First Lieutenant; here he served for nine monliis, doing good service. He was also in the late civil war, enlisting in the 13th O. V. I. as Captain, and serving sonu- tliree years, and p!irtici])ating in a nundjer of engagements. He had also a son, Spencer, in the same regi- ment, who did good service and was honor- al)ly discharged. Mr. Miller has filled several ollici'S of public trust, serving as Postmaster of B dlefontaine for some four or live years, and Deputy Sheriff of Logan Co., filling this office with honor and credit. He was liked and honored by all. He died .Ian. 4, 18i 7, leaving a large familv to mourn his loss. J('>XAS MEKKDITH. farmer; P. O., Belle- fontaine; is one of the old pioneers of Logan Co.; was born in Loudo\ui Co., Va., Mav 24, 1792, and is the son of B -n jamin and Eliza- beth (Ilowelll Meredith; his mother was born in Virginia, and his father in I'lnnsylvania; they married in Loudomi Co., Va. Bi'iijiimin MiTcdilh was a shoemaker by trade, l)Ut in latter years engaged in farming. In ISO."), the family moved to Belmont Co., O.; here both ))arents died. Our subject learned his trade as u house- joiner, working at difl'erent places, when, in 1833, lie came to Bidlefcmtaine and worked at his trade. In 1834 he married Rebecca Kirkland, and in September, 183.5, moved to the pr.'sent homestead, which thcui had but little improvemi'uts, in a dense for- est; starting at work on the new home, ho com- menced clearing- ianil, and to-day has a fine farm of 200 acres, m good condition. In 1830 Mr. Meredith was .lustice of the Peace. Mrs. Meredith died April 15, 1807; they had four ciiildren, two of whom are living; had one son in the ]aU' civil war. Benjamin F. en- listed in the ]32d (). V. I., lOO-days service; ho is now engaged in farming on the old homestead. JOHN XEVIX, retired; B,"Ilef,.ntaine; was born in Ross Co., O., Sept. 2, 1800, and is the son of Willi;im and Mary (Robinson) Nevin. He remained in his native county until he was eight years old, when he, with his parents, moved to Fayette Co., remaining there one year; he then moved to H;glil:ind Co., where he remained until 183."), during which time he went to Ross Co. and began to learn his trade as a chair-maker, returning to Hillsborough, whei'C he worked until 1835, dur- ing which year he cann» to Bellefontaine and engaged in workini; at his trade. Soon after- wards he embarked in the cabinet-tuaki-r's business, which he carried on until 1870, when he closed out his business. Mr. Xevin was a sufferer by tlu^ big fire in Bellefontaine in ] 856, losing some *>3,000 worth of property, without any insurance. Mr. Xevin purchased his present homestead in 1834, but did not move to Bellefontaine until 1835. It has been his home ever since, and to-day he is recognized as one of its honored and respect- ed citizens. He married Miss Nancy G. .'^tarr, daughter of James .Starr, who cauK^ to Bellelontaine about 1833. By this union they have two cliildn^n. W. P. PAT'1'ERS( )X, marble works; Belle- I fontaine; was born in McArtlmr Tp., Logan I Co., Dec. 20, 1830, and is the son of William j Patterson, who w-as born in Ireland, having emigrated to America when about 13 years of age, and located in Pennsylvania; aliuut 1829 he came to rx)gaii Co., O.; he was a brick mason i)y tradi', and was engaged in building the first court-house of Logan Co.; he also had a brother, Joseph, who was a car- penter by trade, and worked on the same l)uilding. Our subject remained a resident of his native towitship until 1809, iluring which time he was eniraged in farming and working at his trade of carpenter. During the late civil war he enlisted in Co. G. 1st O. V. 1., where he served three years and fourteen ^ r in* LAKE T0WN8H1P. 607 (lays, participating in all the prominont battles and marches of this regiment — Shiloh, Corinth, Stone River, Chickamaiiga, Mission Ridge, campaign around Atlanta; returning home, he then went to Dayton, O., where ho worked at the carpenter's trade some two and one-half years, when he retiirnod to Lo- gan Co. In ISi!) he embarked in the marble business, in partnership with J. K. Stewart, this firm doing some of the leading work in the marble line. Mr. Patterson is now alone in the inarlilc business. He married, in 1868, Miss Maggie Zimmerman. J. S. PATTERSON, potter; Bellefontainc; was born in Bellelontaine, O., Feb. X'2, 1854, an i is the son of Joseph Patterson, one of the pioneers of Logan Co. Our subjec-t learned a trade as carnage-maker with Miller Bro's, of Bellefontainc, working at his trade until 1880, when he entered the pottery bui^iness. lie is now in company with Nathan Pensey. These srentlemcn have just emiiarked in their present business, wiiich stands fair to l)e very extensive at an early day. Mr. Patterson was married in Bellefontainc, Aug. 9, 1876, to Miss Dola C. Bnikhart, horn in Lake Tp., Logan Co., a daughter of W^ilHam Burkhart, who died at 7-i years of age. Mr. Pattersons' wife died .July 4. 1880. NATHAN PENSEY, pottery; Bellefon- tainc; was born in Bellefoutaine, O., Sept. 24, 1847, and is the son of Samuel Pensey, who was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., in 1824. Came to Ohio in a wagon with his parents, and located in Champaign Co., where he re- mained until 1833, wheu he moved to Belle- fontainc, where he has been one of its honored citizens since; he is now working in the pot- tery business. In 1880 he formed a partner- ship with Mr. .1. S. Patterson in the pottery business; these gentlemen are now engaged in an extensive manufacture of pottery, find- ing sales for their ware in Bellefontainc and surrounding country. Mr. Pensey was married in Springfield, in 1878, to Miss Martlia Dailie, by whom he has f>ne child. JOHN A. PRICE, attorney-at-law; Belle- fontainc; was born in Galloway, Mo., Nov. 9, 1840; is the son of Charles F. M. and Martha M. (Kelley) Price; both parents are natives of Virginia. John A., with his parents, moved to Logan Co., O., and settled in Monroe Tp.; here Mr. Price remained until 1800, during which time he received a good common school education at the West Liberty High School; he then came lb Bellefontainc and began the study of law in the office of Stanton & Allison. In 1S(5"2 he was admitted to practice law in the district rovirts. He commenced in Belle- fontaine and continued alone in the practice of law until 1874, when he formed a partner- ship with W. H. Martin, and the firm of Price it Martin continued some three years. In October, 1870, the law firm of Price & Steen was formed, James AV. Steen being the part- ner, and is recognized as one of the strong firms of the Logan Co. Bar; Mr. Price was a soldier in the late civil war, having enlisted in April, 1861, in the first company recruited in Logan Co., the 13th O. V. I., three months' service; he, on account of sickness, was honorably mustered out, when he returned to Bellefontainc, and in the fall of 1863, re- enlisted as Lieutenant of the 5th U. S. Col. troops, doing duty with the 18th Army Corps; this regiment did some very active work at the siege of Petersburg in 18i)4, and other noted engagements. While Mr. Price was in the service his friends in Logan Co. elected him Prosecuting Attorney, when, in 1864, he resigned from the service and came home and entered upon the duties of his office; he was re-elected to the same office in 1866 and 1808, when he resigned, having been elected to the Legislature in the fall of 1869. hav- ing filled the office for one term, He re- fused to be a candidate for re-el'Ction. Both in the office of Prosecuting Attorney and in the State Legislature he has proven himself a grentieman of ability, having: filled the offices with honor and credit. PETER S. POWELL, deceased; Bellefon- tainc; was born in North Bend, O., March 13, 1800, and was the son of William and Elizabeth (Stilley) Powell. In 1812 he, with his parents, moved to Logan Co., and located in what is now Bellefoutaine; here he was engaged in fanning. During his younger days he was known far and near as a fast runner, and was acknowledged the champion foot-racer. On one occasion he ran a foot race with a noted Indian, who was acknowledg-ed as being one of the fastest runners of his tribe. This was a big day among the settlers and Indians. Alter Mr. Powell had beaten two of the In- dians, who were fair runners, they brought ^ oris BIOGKAPIIICAL SKETCHES. out their ffivat racer, feeliiiir confident that he coiiKI licat till- ]);il('lace, but were astonished to see how easily their man was beaten, for Mr. Powell left' the Indian far in the rear. He was married, March i'.), 1827, to Miss Mary Smith, who was born in Warren Co. about the year 1S()8; she came here with her parents aliout 1811, locatin., locating in JelVer.son T))., from whence, in 1848, he m ived to West Liberty, and iu 1878 to Bellefontaine. In 1840 Judge Petsit taught his first school in Jelferson Tj)., being now one of the old pioneer teachers; he also tatight school lor a number of years at West Liberty. In 1878 he was elected Probate Judge, which otliee he is now filling. He is a Republir'an in ])(ilitics, ami a mend)er of the Presbyterian Cluirch. He was m:irried in 1853, to Miss Caroline Tod first ])liysieian to lo- cate at that place. Starting in a new country, with rough roads, his practice c.vtending over territory some twenty miles away, he re- mained in Bloom Ci'iitre until 180.3, and during which time he was Postmaster of the ])laee for twelve years, and Treasurer of the Townslii]) for four years. He was one of the organizers of the -Methodist Episcopal Church at that plac(>, coming to Bellefontaine in 180.'); he continuinl there dtiring Dr. Pratt's ]iraclice in Bloom Centre, he treatinir a number of cases of milk sickness, with- which he was very suc- cessful. He is a member of the Logan Co. Medical Society. Married twice; first wife, Maria L. Cross, who died in 1800, by whom he had threi; children; imirried second ti|U(! to .Miss Catharine Rowand, by whom he li.is had two children. IlOWBERT & REYNOLDS, book and notion dealers; Bellefontaine. Among the leading nierehants of B.'llefontain<> stand the firm of Ilowbert & Reynolds, who com- menced business in April, 1880. P. J. Ilow- b(Vt was born in Hamilton, Butler Co., O.. Feb. 9, 1840, anil is the son of A. and Sarah (llelwig) Howbert. His mother is a native of Ohio, and his father of Virginia. When I Mr. Howbert was but six years of age he, LAKE TOWNSHIP. with his parents, moved to Crawford Co., re- iiiaininii- tliere until 1^61, when lie moved to Belli'tbntaine, which has been his home ever since, with the excepiion of some eis>'hteen months in Kansas and one year in Illinois, in which State he engag-ed in the grocery busi- ness. In 1868 Mr. H. entered the book and stationery business in Bellefoutaine, remaining in business some two years. D. R. IJeyiioids was born in Juniata Co., Pa., July '■JI, I808, and is the son of Isaac and Nancy (liothrock) Reynolds. In tracing up Mr. Reynolds wo lind his life has been very active; his first ex- perience in business was in JIiffl;ntown, Pa., in the drug and book l)usiricss, for ton years, when he went to Altoona, Pa., and clerked in a clothing establishnu^nt one year. In 1861 he came to Lima, O., where he was engaged as salesman with a wholesale grocery house for a short time; h(>re during the late civil war he enlisted, in 1862, in Co. B, !)9th O. V. I., and served for two years, participating in the battle of Chickamauga; on account of sickness he was honorably discharged, when he returned to Lima, O., remaining there two years and engaging in the phoLogra])li busi- ness, and was a resident of Kenton two and a half years; also of Columbus a short time, and of Delaware two years, iif the drug and book business. In 1875, he came to Bellefoutaine, and was bookkeeper in the Miller Bros.' car- riage works until 1879. Dec. 17, 1878, Mr. Reynolds took out a patent on a stationery binder — one of the best binders manufactured — meeting with good success with his patent. Their place of business is located on Main street, occupying a large room 18x70 feet, keeping the largest stock of books and notions in Belh'fontaine; dointr a leading business. GEO. J. RAUSENBERGER, butcher; Bellefontaine; was born in Champaign Co., (J., in 1850, and is the son of John Rausenberger, who came to Ohio at an early day; was for a number of years engaged in the butchering business in West Liberty, Logan Co., O.; he afterwards retired from butchering, and lo- cated in Union Tp., on a farm, where he is now engaged in fanning. Our subject, when very small, entered the butcher shop with his father, and remained with hiin engasred in butchering; he moved to the farm; he followed farming; he was for a short time engaged in the butchering business in Lima; he returned to the farm, and in 1877 came to Bellefontaine and embarked in the butchering and meat store business; he to-day is doing- a leading business in his line; his place of business is located on Main street, near the First Nat- ional Bank. J. H. ROBISON, Suporintendent of the Bellefontaine Woolen Mills; Bellefontaine. Among Bellefontaine's loading business men is the above-named gentleman, who was born in Wayne Co., O., m 18-^8; he entered his father's woolen mills at Wooster, O., when a boy, first working in the carding-room, then the finishing; thence to the dye rooms, work- ing in each department until he was thor- oughly posted in all de]>artments of the wool- en mill business. At the death of his father the w'oolen mills were placed in his charge, he operating them until 1862; during the late civil war he enlisted in Co. I, 102d O. V. I., and served as Captain for nearly two years; returning to Ohio in 180-t, he returned to the woolen mill business in Springfield, O., in company with Chas. Rabbitts. They were known as the Springfield Woolen Mills, these mills turning out at that time the celebrated Springfield jean.s, which became widely known throughout the country. In 1875, Mr. Rolii- son came to Bellefontaine, and in conijiany with other leading iTien of the city began the erection of the Bellefontaine Woolen Mills, which was built under Mr. Robison's s;i- pervision, and is, perhaps, one of the most complete and perfect mills in the State. In 18711, the firm was changed to J. H. Rcjbisoii & Co., the company consisting of John F. Mil- ler and Charles L. Cooley, two wide-awake business men of Bellefontaine. JACOB A. RYSER, florist; Bellefontaine; was born in Germany, May 21, 1821, where he married Sophia Vassaux, of Germany. He learned his trade as a miller and baker, com- ing to America with his wife in 1861 ; came direct to Bellefontaine, where he was engaged in the confectionery business for several years. Mr. Ryser also was engaged in the milling business at Mingo, Ohio. In 1876 he first embarked in his present business of florist, and located south of the city, near the fair grounds; he has under cultivation some two acres; three hot-houses, 14x68 each; he do- ing the leading business in his line in the citv. -> ^: mo BIOGRAPHICAL SCETCHES. STIEG & ZEARING, merchant tailors; Bt'llcriintaiiie; are rccofijnized as the leadiiifr inerfliant tailors of Bellefoiitaiiie; the firm is composed of G. W. Stieg, a native of York, Pa., and a praclicil cutter, having had some twenty years' experience iiithe merchant tail- i)rin Auditor's office. Mr. Stewart's father and two brothers were in the late civil war. W. D. SCARFF, M. 1)., Bidlefontaine; is the oldest practicing ])hysician in Beliefon- taine, having connnenced the ])ractice of medicine here some thirty-six years ago; he was born in this State, in Green Co., on the 12th of .May, 181!), and is the son of Dr. John and Rachel (Curl) Siarff; both ])arents are natives of Virginia, but moved to Ohio in about 1817; his father followed the practice of medicine for several years, when, on ac- count of ill health, he retired to a farm. Mr. ScarfF, after receiving a good common school education, went to Cincinnati, where he attended a course of lectures at the Cincinnati Medical College; he then went to Louisville, and graduated from the Louisville .Mi-dical Institute (one of ,tlie best in the country) in 184-1, and after graduating, he came to Beliefontaine, and began the jiractice of his profession, making, including himself, onlv three ri'gular ])ractiiing ])hysicians. Of that three, Dr. Siartf is the oidy one left in the active ])ractico of medii-inr, and is per- haps the oldest physician in Logan Co. He is a membiT of thi- AiniTican Medical Asso- ciation, Ohio Stall' .Mi-dical Society, and the Logan County Medical Society. In 1875 he was President of the Logan County .Mi-dical Society, and in 1870 was First Vice-President of the Ohio Medical Society; he has written valuable articles for the Lancet (iikI Observer, and other jouriuils. Durinor the late civil war, he was a])pointcd Examining Surgeon; at the close of the war he was apj)ointed Examining Surgeon for pensions, which office he has filled ever since. Dr. Scailf is a mem- ber of thartmont at Yale. After re- maining there a short time he returned to the Wittemberg College, and finished his studies in the theological department in 1875. Uurnig the last year he was editor of the college pa- per called the IVitienberf/er. His first pas- toral work was the Lutheran charge at Osborn, Ohio, where he remained until Aug. 1, 1876, when he came to Bellefontaine and became the jiastorof the Lutheran Church of this city, where he has remained since, doing good work. In .lanuary, 1877, he, in company with several others, entered into the pulilication of the LutJurcM J^^vatu/e/ist, Rev. Singley be- ing associate editor. In .lanu.iry, 1878, he ed- ited and published a Sunday School paper called the iSi/»s/iine mul Sliadoir, a neat illus- trated ]3aper with a circulation of some 6,LH)0. In 1879 he became sole editor of the Lutheran Evangelist., which is to-day one of the leading papers of the Lutheran Church, with a circu- 1 ition of some 3,000 copies weekly. Besides Rev. Singley's regular pastoral work and edit- ing two religious newspapers, he fills the of- fice as a mendier of tlie Logan Co. School Board. Rev. Singley married in Springfield, O., May 20, 1875, Miss Emma E. Houck, daughter of W. H. Houck, one of the old and respected citizens of Springfield; by this mar- riage they have had two children — one de- ceased. THOMAS M. STEVENSON, Bellefontaine; was born in Washington Co., Penn., April 27, 1807, and is the son of Rev. Joseph and Sarah (Marcpiis) Stevenson. Thev, in 1825, with a family of nine cliildren, started in two wagons drawn by six horses, for Oliio. They arrived in Logan Co. on the 7th of May, of that year, and located on a farm in a dense wood. They moved into a log cabin built on the site of the brick house now known as the old homestead, remaining in this log cabin luitil 1828, when they built the present brick house, which is, perhaps, one of the oldest residence's in Lake Tp. I^ev. Joseph Steven- son, who was born March 25, 1779, was a minister in the Presbyterian Church, taking an active part in organizing the Presbyterian churches at Bellefontaine, Sidney, Stone Creek and West Liberty; he died Feb. 24, 1805. His wife, Sa'ah (.Marquis) Stevenson, was born Sept. 5, 1780; she died July 25, 1849. Our subject was married in 1828 to Judith Hover, who was born Oct. 29, 1806, having C(jme to this county with her parents at an earh"^ day. By this marriage tliey had nine cliildren, of whom si.x are living. She died Feb. 12, 1805. Mr. Stevenson built his pres- ent home in 1829, where he has lived ever since building his log cabin in the woods. He set out in clearing the land, and to-day, by hard work, the green fields and pastures stretch out from the old homestead on every hand. Mr. Stevenson, in his younger davs, has hunted the deer and wild cat, having killed as high as three deer in one day. The farm is now worked by his son, D. M. Stevenson, who is engaged in the dairy business. He has one son, Joseph H., who is a Presbyterian preacher, now located in Pennsylvania. JA.MES W. STEEN, attoVney at law; Bellefontaine; was born in McArthur Tp., Logan Co., O., .lune 16, 1855, and is the son of James L. and Margaret A. (Wallace) Steen ; his mother was born in Pennsylvania, and his father in Virginia; he was a farmer, and moved to Log-an Co. in about 1849. Our subject was left an orphan when a babe. At four years of age he was placed in the hands of l^r CI 2 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. his jjraiidfiitlif'r, James Steen, where he re- mained until lie was sixteen years of ajye, durinji wliicli time lie was engao-pd in farininjr and attended the district schools; at sixteen he went to Di-Graff, and accepted a clerkship in the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank of D.'Graff, where he remaineil about two years, when he entered the Wonster College, where he reiviaitied one year, and soon after entered the Monmouth CoUejye, of Monmouth, where ho staid four years, and graduated in class of 187(', with forty-five in the graduating- class, Mr. Steen ranking Kfth of his class; after graduating with high honors from the Mon- mouth College, taking an active part in a very exciting deliate on the following question: " Resolved, that the President of the Senate, with the aid of the Teller, has a right to declare the electoral vote.'' The suhject was taken up by two Democrats and two Kepublieans, the latter of whom (one was Mr. Steen) came off victorious. In 1877, Mr. Steen came to Bellefontaine, and began the study of law in the ollice of the Jlon. .John A. Price; in 1879, he was admitted to the bar, and the same y(>ar formed a jiartnership with Mr. Piice, styling the lirm Price & Ste th i office of City S'.'licitor of Bclh-fontaine, and which olficp be is now iilling wlih credit. J. O. SWKKT, attorney at law; Bellefon- ta-ne; was born in t'ibuna. Champaign Co., O., Sept. :i(i, ]>H-i. and is the son of William T. and Klizabeth ((uiyton) Sweet; his mother is a native of Maryland, and his father of Ohio. ^Vhen our subject was about 1 vear of age, he, with his parents, moveil tf) Logan Co., and located on a farm in Union Tji.; from this township he moved to McArthur Tp., where he eng.iged in farming. At the breaking out of the late civil war he enlisted as a private in Co. (jr, 1st (J. V. ]., and servf^d with this regi- ment two years, participating in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Stone Kiver and Lib- erty Gap. On account of sickness, he was honorably discliar2:ed, when he n-turned home, and, on the :*il of S.-pt., 18(i:5, he rc-enlistcd in Co. C, I'ith (). V. C, as (^unrtermasti-r- Sir nant, participating in the battle of Mt. Steriing, Ky., June !l, ISO-I, where he was wou'kIimI ill the right ankle joint, causing am- putation of the foot, returning to liis home in liOii'an Co. In 1SIJ9 he was elected. and to-day is one of the leading law firms of Lo- g-an Co. He is a member of the .Methodist Episcopal Church. MILTOX STEliX, aftorney-at-law; Bello- fontaine; was born in Brook (."o., Va., Dec. '2-t, 183"i, and is the son of James and Jane Steen, both jiarents being natives of Virginia. Mr. Steen, with parents, in about 183.5, came to Ohio and located three miles east of Dela- ware, where they remained until 1838; then moved to McArthur Tp., Logan Co.; thence to Rush Creek Tji., returning to McArthur T]i., where he remained until 18o."), during which time he received a good common school educa- tion ami taught in the district schools. He began the study of law, studving for .a short time at Tiffin, 0.; thence to B 'llefontaine, in the law office of West & ^^'alkel•, his |)re- ceptors. In 185'J he was ailmitted to the practice of law, and comnienceil his chosen profession at Bellefontaine, im-eting with good success, quitting the practice of law to ac- co])t a ))osition in the People's Bank of Belle- fontaine as Cashier; he remained there some three and a half years; then, as Cashier of the Citizens' National Bank of same city, three years, when he went to DeCirafl", and was Cashier of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of that ))lace for eigh* years, when he returned to Bi'llefontaine and resumed the ]iractice of law, being now one of the oldest attorneys at the Logan Co. Bar. Mr. Steen was a law partner of John Pollock for two years. Re- publican in ]iolitics and a member of the Presbyterian church. JOSEPH SHAW, deceased; Bellefontaine; Ex-Supei inteiident of the Bellefontaine City ."schools. It is supposed that he was born in Kentucky, lb- was the son of Robert Shaw, who was engaged in farming, and x\lien (piiti; y(JUlig, he, with his parents, movi-d to Brown Co., O. Here he ren'ained for a number of years, during which lime he graduated from :|V ^ LAKE TOWNSHIP. CIS tlio Athens College of Oliio, and was ordained as a preacher. He married Miss N. VVaite, daughter of Jonathan Waite, an early settler of Adams Co., O. In 1840 he moved to Washington Co., Penn., where he remained some twelve years, during which time he was preaching and teaching- a select school, after- wards returning to Brown Co., O., and re- mained there three years, when he came to Bcllefontaine and was teacher in the Union Schools under Superintendent Parsons, re- maining in that capacity some two years. He then went to Sidney, where he was Su- perintendent of the Public Schools about two years. He then returned to Bellefontaine and was made Suj)erintendent of the Citj- Schools, and, after filling that position with marked ability for about three years, he moved to Franklin, Ind., and was Principal of the Acad(!niy at that place for two years, when he returned to Bellefontaine and was again elected to the Superint(>ndency of the Public Schools. He was also engaged in the drug business in Bellefontaine for a niimber of years, and also in the insurance business. Mr. Shaw was also, for a short time, engaged in teaching school in Cairoll Co., Va. He died in 1875, respected and beloved by his fellow- men, leaving a wife and lour children to monrn his loss. E. J. SHORT, merchant; Bcllefontaine; was born in Bellefontaine, C., April 9, 1850, and is the son of H. D. and Elizabeth (Rive- lej') Short; both parents are natives of Pennsyl- vania, having come to Bellefontaine at an early day. The father was a contractor and builder, having erected some of the leading houses of this city — Logan House, Fountain House, etc. He was for several years Master -Mechanic on the C, C, C. & I. R. R. Our subject commenced as clerk; he managed to save a small capital, and embarked in busi- ness for himself, in the frame house west of his present place of business; in a few years he managed to save enough to erect his pres- ■ ent business block, which is one of the neatest on Columljus street. He is holding office as Township and City Treasurer, and married Miss Mary Rutan Magrnder, daughter of T. J. Magruder. .i. THATCHER, milling and lumber; Belle- fontaine; was born in Green Co., O., July 9, 1838, and is the son of A. and I. (Hedges) Thatcher, who came to Ohio as early as 1825, and located in Greene Co. Our suliiect, when in boyhood, moved to Champaign Co., thence to Indiana. In ISTO, ho came to Logan Co., and entered the lumber business in DjGraff; in 1880, he entered the milling and lumber business in Bellefontaine, in company with Mr. J. M. Dickinson, and to-dav this firm is doing the leading buihling and lundier busi- ness of the city; their planing mill is 40.\80 feet, two stories high, with steam ])ower, and emjdoying six hands. Mr. Thatcher was a soldier in the lat3 civil war, enlisting in the (JGth O. V. I., being discliarged on account of sickness, contracted while in West Virginia; regaining his health, he re-enlisted in the 33d Ind. Vol. I., where he remained until the close of the war, participating in a num- ber of battles — Antietam, Nashville, Cedar Mountain, etc.; was a brave soldier and prompt to dnty. Mr. Thatcher married Miss L. Long, of Champaign Co., O., and have seven children, five sons aiul two dana'hters. THOMAS LEE AVHIGHT, M.D.;' Belle- fontaine; maternal grandson of Dr. Samutd Huntington, of Craftsbury, V^t., and son of Dr. Thomas and Stiphia (Hnntingtou) Wright; his mother was born in Vermont, his father, lately decep.sed, of Hamilton Co., Ohio. Thomas L. was born at Windham, Portage Co., Ohio, Aug. ?, 1825. He was educated at the Miami Un'versity and at the Ohio Medical College. He graduated as an M. D. from the latter institution in 1845, ami practiced at Kansas City until 1854, chielly among the Wyandotte Indians, located near that eitj' at that time, but has been since that date estab- lished in Bellefontaine. During the session of 1855-50, he was lecturer u]>on theory and practice in the Wesleyan University. He is a member of the Ohio State Medical Society and of the Logan County Medical Society, and in 1877 was President of the latter. Among his published writings mav be men- tioned: " Notes on the Tlieorv of Human Ex- istence," 1 vol., 8vo. p. 37, 1S48; " Discpiis'- tion on the Ancient History of Medicine," 1 vol., 8vo. p. 84, 1860; "Inquiry into the Value of Testimony Respecting Facts as they Appear to a Mind Partly Conscious;" "TKans- actions Ohio Medical Society, I860;" "The Deterioration of the Race upon the Western Continent," in Cincinnati Lancet and Observer 614 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. in September, ]8('4, ami a paufr upon "Transceiiiiireh 31, 184C), Lucinda, dau-ut-r of Dr. A. H. Lord, of IJ 'Hel'ontaine. He has two children — DrrAbiel L.W'riirht and Thomas H. Wright, attorney-at-law. While Dr. Wright was a resilient of Kansas City, lie was ado|)ted into the Wyandotte tribe of Indians, at one of their national feasts. The m 'dical l(!ctures delivered by Dr. ^^'n^Jht in the city of Keo- kuk, Iowa, were given before a class in the medical department of the Wesleyan Univer- sity of Iowa. While in Keo..uk, Dr. W. de- livered two or three lectures on scit'iit'fic sub- jects before large and int dligeiit popular au- diences. Of one of these lec:ures the l>ailti I'Ji'cnuKjTinies oiVoh. 14, 18.50, contains an claborati- notice, the editor remarking: "Weat- teiiiled th,' lecture of Prof. W:iijht last night, at IJurrow's Hall, on tlu' 'Relations of Physi- ology to Kducaliiiri,' and were higlily pleased at tlie ability with which th<' lecturer handled his subject, anil the fidelity with which ho de- picted the various and interesting mental phenomena that presented themselves in con- nection with its consideration," etc. Dr. W. has also delivered several addresses on sub- jects pertaining to politics, some of which have oeen published. One of them can be found in the Udhd'ontaine Iliinihliriin of October, ]S(U), and another in the same paper of the l.jthof May, 1803. An address on the sub- ject of temperance, delivered on the 8th of December, ISilO, will be found in asubseipient issue of the lii /nihlifiin. Some of the jiapers of Dr. Wright, in addition to those above MiiMitiiined, are: An article on "Croup" (Cin- cinnati L(ini:i;l and (JLtijri'cr, August, 1857); "Ciinvulsions" (////artly written an essay in(|uiring into the truth ami expedi- ency of the arguments against Revelation, which are founded u])on the, natural sciences; also, questioning the leijitimacy of the objec- tions to the doctrine of a first and intelligent cause, which are derived from the sanu; source. Dr. Wrisrht is still practicing medi- cine in Bellefontaine, and seems to be al- ways hard at work with his brains or his haiiils. JOHN W. W.\l;l). IMIelnntaim-; was born in Vates Co., N. V., April 21, 1S21, and remained in his native Slati; until he was 14, when he came to Ohio and located in Humn Co., there remainirrg until about 183!t, when 111- went smith, and while there the war with .Mexico broke out, when he enlisted, at Louis- ville, in the lOtli U. S. I. regiiiiiMit, under Capt. liranham, for three years or during the war. Mr. Ward went to Mexico with the regiment and did good service, ])articipating in some skirmishing and hard marchinff. .Mr. AN'ard enlisted as John W. Denslow, wiiich was his iiiother''s maiden name. Returning from .Mexi- co, he, in 1855, came to lieihdontaine, where he jnirihased a lot and built a hotel, which aficrward burned. Mr. Ward was engage d ^«- it^ LAKE TOWNSHIP. ei5 in flat-boatiiig, on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers from IS-tO to 1S53. A. G.WRIGHT, merchant; Belhefontaine; was born in Hillsboroug-h Co., N. H., in 1S;!9, and came to Oliio in 1855; ho engaged in railroading, being connected with some of the leading raih-oads in C)hio an.l Kentucky, and was connected with the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad when Gen. Geo. B. McClellan was its President. In 18G2 he came to Bellefon- taine and accepted a position on the C, C, 0. & I. R. R. as Master of Bridge Budding; he Hied this phice until 1878, retiring on account of his health. In 1879 Mr. Wright entered the drug business, and it is said that Butler & Wright own one of the finest drugstores in Logan Go. THOMAS N, WRIGHT, Bellefontaine; was born at Bellefontaine, Logan Co., Ohio, on the 30th of April, 1849. Heread law with the firm of Kernan & Kernan, and was ad- mitted to the Bar at the spring term of the Supreme Court at Columbus, in 1871, and subsequently in the Supreme Court at Denver City, Colorado, in wiiich city he mastered his profession with Gov. Bela M. Hughes, and practiced in that Territory for one year. Re- turning East, he was appointed to a position in one of tiie Government departments at Washington, which he held several years; resigning at length, he returned to his native town, where he is now engaged in the prac- tice of the law. FRANK J. WERLEY, Bellefontaine; w^s born in Seneca Co., Ohio, in 185o, where he remained for a numlier of years, entering the employ of the C, C, C. & L R. R., and was engaged in helping to build bridges, working at the stone mason's trade; here he remained for some four years. Mr. Werley also learned the butcher's trade; this he learned at Belle- fontaine, working at his trade for a few years. In 1879 be entered the sample-room business, becoming sole owner of his business in 1880. His place of business is located at the corner of Main and Chillicothe streets. JAMES WALKER, attorney-at-law; Belle- fontaine; was born in Washington Co., Penn., April 13, 1830, and is the son of William and Elizabeth (Lowther) Walker. His mother is a native of Maryland, and his father of Penn- sylvania; he was a cabinet-maker by trade, and a soldier of the war of 1813. Our James, i at 13 years of age, with his parents, moved to Ohio aiid located in Knox Co., where he re- mained until 1850, during which time he graduated from the Martinsliurg Academy. Jn 1848, ho began the Study of law in the of- fice of the Hon. Columbus Delano, of Mt. ^'ernon, where he remained f^jr two years. In 1850 he was admitted to the Bar, when, in the same year, he came to Bellefontaine and <;ominenced the practice of biw. In 1854 he formed a partnership with Judge W. H. West in the practice of law. This Hrni (West & Walker) continued until 1807, when the law firm of West, Walker & Kennedy was formed, which continued until 1878, when Gen. Robert P. Kennedy was appointed to the oiBce of tinited States Collector, he retir- ing from the law firm of West, Walker & Kennedy. In 1878 the firm was changed to West, Walker & West, and to-day raidis as one of the strongest law firms of Central Ohio. In 1854 Mr. Walker was elected to the office of Prosecuting Attorney of I, 1849, and is the son of the Rev. Samuel and Nancy A. (Barnett) Wallace, both of Ohio. He re- ceived the principal part of his education at the Pickaway High School, and graduated from the Monmouth College in 1800. In J871 he commenced the study or medicine and graduated from the Ohio Meilical College in 1874, and the B.-lleview Hospital Medical College of New York in 1875. He com- menced the jiractice of medicine in Pickaway in 1877, arul came to Bellefontaine and began the practice of medicine with Dr. Fuller. DAVID WATSON, jihysician; Bellefon- taine; was born in Adams Co., O., Aug. IL 1810, and is the son of William and Ruth (Farin) Watson, .both natives of Ireland. They married in Ireland, and, with two children, came to Anu-iicain 181)0, locatinj. in Philadelphia, afterwards moving to Adams Co., O., and from there, in 1823, came to Lo- pan Co., and located in McArtluir Tp., where he died at 85 years of age, and his wife over 80 years of age, respected ami honored by all. They had twelve children, of whom only three are now living. Our subject remained in Mc- Arthur Tp. until 1830, when he canie to Belle- lbntaine and <'ommeiU'ed the study of medi- cine under Dr. Benjamin S. Biown, one of the pioneer doctors of Logan Co., and in 1845 commenced the ])ractice of mehysician of the county. In 1873 he formeil a partner- ship with Dr. P. 1). Covington, which contin- ued up to 1877. Dr. Watson is a memlier of the Logan Co. Medical Society, of which he has been President. He married Miss Eliza Richardson, of Shelby Co., O.. who has borne him six childii'ii, oin- of whom fs living — ^^a (laughter. The doctor lost one of his legs April 13, lK3'.i, from injuries received at a log-rolling. — 9 At HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 619 HARRISON TOWNSHIP JOHN H. ALEXANDER, larmer; P. O. Bellcfoiitaine; was born in Pcniisj-lvania, June 14, 1819; is a son of William and Elizabeth Alexander, who were also natives of Pennsyl- vania. They came to Logan Co. in 1837, and have lived in the county ever since. Mr. Alexander >cnt his youth with his parents, and received a common school edvication. lie was married, Jan. '25, ISIS, to Lucinda Inskeep, whose parents were very early settlers of the county, and were natives of Virginia. From this union there are eleven children. Mr. Alexander purchased the farm that he -now resides upon, while heavily wooded, and has cleared and improved it. He began business for himself a poor man, and now is in jj^ood circumstances. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and are respected members of societ}-. ANNA BRENNER; P. O., Bellefontaine; was born in Lancaster Co., Penn., in 1818. She is the dauohter of John and Maria Shenk, who were also natives of Pennyslvania. She resided with her parents until her mar- riage, which vi'as in 1835, to Christopher Brenner, who was born in Pennyslvania in 1812. They were botii of German descent. From this union there were ten children — Mary A., Elizabeth, Jacoli, Catharine, John, Philip, Romanas, Susan, Garhart and Henrv. The lather and four of these children are now dead. They all died within fifteen months of the death of the first one. The father died Aug. 17, 1876. Philip was born Ang. 11, 1816, arrd died Dec. 8, 1875; Garhart, born Apirl 2, 1853, and died Oct. 22, 1875; Henrv, born Oct. 23, 1855, died July 20, 1876; Susan, born April 29, 1851, died Jan. 7, 1877. iMrs'. Brenner came to liOgan Co. in 1837, with her husband, and settled in Harrison Tp., three miles west of where she now lives, and where they lived until 1861, when they came to their present home. The farm that they first set- tled on was heavily timbered; they cleared and improved it, and afterwards sold it and. purchased the farm that Mrs. Brenner now lives on. They began business for themselves very poor, and by their industry and perse- verenee gained quite a fortune. Mrs. Brenner and husband were members of the German Baptist Church, and lived consistent with its teachings. J. E. CARR, farmer; P. O., Bellefontaine; was born in Virginia in 1820. Daniel Carr, his father, was born in Germanv, and came to America when quite young. They settled in Mrginia and resided there until ab(mt 1820, when they came to Logan Co. The mother was a native of Virginia. The^' settled in Bellefontaine, where the father died in about 1831. The family, after the death of the father, lived in various places in the countv. They were very poor, and our subject had to help maintain the family. The countv was quite new then and he did a great deal of clearing, and splitting rails, and in this way laid the foundation of his fortune, i He now owns as fine a farm and as well improved as any in his part of the coun- ty. His business since his marriage has been farming and stock-growing. He did not have the advantages of education when he was young, as is afforded at the ])resfnt time, therefore his was limited. He was married in 1851 to Nancy r)ouglass. She was born in Pennsylvania and her jiarents were natives of the same State. They came to Logan Co. in 1832. From this union there were ten children, two now dead. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Carr has resided on the farm he now lives upon since 1830, and he has cleared and im- proved his land himself. He is in every re- spect a self-made man. CHRISTOPHER CULP, farmer; P. O., Bellefontaine; was born in Logan Co., July 4, 1847; is a son of David and Catharine Culp. The father was a native of Virginia, and the mother of Pennsvlvania. Mr. Cvdp's parents came to Logan Co. in a very early day. He was raised on a farm, receiving a good educa- tion, and began business for himself at 29 years of age. He was married in 1871 to Marj' A. Roof, who was born in Virginia, and -^|v -^^J- ■^-r*- ±1 020 BIOGRAPHICAL SXETCHES. came to Lo<>ari Co. with her parents in about iS&i. From this union tliere were five chil- dren, one now (h'ad — Eltie, "S^'illiaui D., An- rn'e,Calliarineiin(l.John. Mr. Culpentered bus- iiii'ss ibr liimselt". but has since been assisted by liis father to a farm. He and his wife are niend)ers of tlie German Baptist Church. HIIODA CARNS; Bellefontaine. The subject of this sketch is one of the ohlest res- idents of the county; she was born in Rose Co., O., March 9, 180G. Her fAther was a na- tive of Pennsylvania and her mother of New .Jersey'. The mother died in Fayette Co., O., and -Mrs. Cams came to Lou^an Co. witii her father in about 1818. Her father, Geo. W. Heath, was a soldier in the war of 1812; lie died in about 184(1. She was married in 1824 to Micliael Cams, who was a native of Vir- irinia, and came to Logan Co. at about the same time that his wife's people did. They iiad a family of eleven chihlren, four of whom are now dead — Annie, Rachel, Elizabeth, Catiiarine, Nancy, .Janc\ George W., John and Michael; two died in infancy. The father of these children died in about 1850. Mrs. •Cams was here before the county was or- ijanizi'd, and has s?>en all the chanj^es, as they have tidien ])lace, in the county. HEXRV CASEBOLT, faVmer ; P. O., Bclli-fonlaine; was born in Lo^an County in 1821, is a son of Robert and Haruiah Case- bolt. The father was a native of ^'i^l^inia, and till- mother of Ohio. They settled in Champaign Co. in about ISi;!, whore they lesided a shcirt lime, and in 1814 or' 15 came to Logan Co. where the parents lived and died, and where Henry still lives. The father tlied in 1801, and the mother in 18G5. Mr. Casebolt was married in lS,")i; to Sarah J. Taylor, who was born in N'irginia and came to Logan Co. with her jiarents in aiiout 1843; from this union there were ten children, two of whom are now dead. He began business for himself entirely upon his own responsibility, and bj- hard work and proper economy ho has accumulated quite a fortune; he now has a farm of 248 acres of well improved lai\d, most of which he cleared and improveil himself. He has always folluwe I farming and stock-growing for a l)usiness. His father was a Methodist minister and preaclii-il fur a great many years. .Mr. Casebolt and family are members of the same church. GEORGE GULP, farmer; P. O., Bellefon- taine; was born in F^ogan Co. in 1844; is a son of David and .Mary C. Culp. The father was a native of \'irginia, and the mother of Pennsylvania. They came to Logan Co. in a very early day. (ieorge Culp was married in 1807 to Mary E. Kerr, whose parents were very early settlers of the county. From this union there are three cliildren — Laura, Ada and David. Mr. Culp, after proving his will- ingness to do for himself, was assisted by his father to a good farm, which he is now in pos- session of. He and his wife are members of the German Bn)itist Church. JOHN DETRICK, farmer; P. O., Belle- fontaine; was born in Logan Co., June 20, 1830. His parents, Peter and Sarah Detrick, came from Hardy Co., Va., to Logan Co. in 182!),' settling in Harrison Tp., where they resideil about tiiree years, when they went to the adjiiining township of L'nion, whore they died. The father died in 180S and the mother in 1878. John was raised on a farm, received a common school ednoation, and at the age of 21, began business for himself, with a pair of willing hands for his capital, and by using them to good advantage, has ac- cumulated (juite a fortune. He was married Nov. 27, 1855, to Prudence J. Cummins, daughter of George and Sarah Cuinnuns, who came to Logan Co., |)rovious to the war of 1812. From this nidon there arc four chil- dren, Benjamin E., James <)., Anis A. and Peter A. .Mr. Detrick was in the late r. Tlu'y lived togethiM- about four years, whi-n he died and slu' was for the sec'ond time loft a widow. Hor last husband was born in Logan Co., in 18O0. Ho was ^i IIAURISOX TOWXSHIP. 621 father of eleven children by his first wives. GEORGE E. EMERY, faimor; P. O., Belle- fontaiiie; was born in Chester Co., Penn., in 18-lG; is a son of James and Eliza A. Emery, who were natives of the same county in Pennsylvania; they came to Logan Co. in 185-t. Mr. Emery was raised on a farm, and has followed farmino- principally for a busi- ness; he taui^ht school four winters previous to his marriag-e; he took a commercial course and g-raduated at Poua^hkeepsie, N. Y. ; was married in 18i2 to Nancy Horn; she was born and raised in Logan Co.; from this union there is one child, Effie A. He has followed farming and stock-growing for a business since his marriage, and has been very successlul; his wife is a member of the Lutheran Church, as are all lier folks. Mr. E. is a Republican. JOHN H. EATON, farmer; P. O., Belle- fontaine; was born in Jefferson Co., Kentucky, June 14, IS'^8; is a son of "William G. andEli- zalieth Eaton, the father is a native of Wood- ford Co., and the mother of Shelby Co., Ky.; her maiden name was Bridgewater; her father, and also our subject's father, served in the war of 181:2, and his grandfathers on both sides served in the Revolutionary war. In 1S;5], Mr. Eaton went with his parents to Shelby Co., Ind., and resided here with them until about 1810, at -which time he began business for himself. Starting out at eighteen years of age, and no more of a start in life than his two hands and his thorough willing- ness to use them, he has been ver\' success- ful. He followed various occupations, and of late years has been farming. He was married Dec. 16, 1858, to Smyra A. Runyan. She was born in Jennings Co., Ind. Her mother was a Branam, and a native of Kentucky, and her father was a native of New Jersey, and came to Indiana in a very early dav. From this union there are three children, Charles S., Henrj^ W., and Lay ton H. Mr. Eaton's father resided in Indiana until 18.56, when he went to Illinois, where he died in 1874. He was a Baptist preacher, and preached the gospel for more than fifty years. The mother died in 1877. Mr. Eaton and wife are mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church and aim to lead exemplary lives. HENRY GOOD, farmer; P. O., Bellefon- taine; was born in Logan Co., March 16, 1828, and is son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Houts) Good, who were natives of Loudoun Co., Va., and came to Logan Co. about 1820. They settled in Harrison Town- ship, one mile west of Bellefontaine, on the farm where Henry Good now lives. They purchased this farm in the woods and im- proved it ; the father and mother both died on this farm. Mr. Good spent his youth and early manhood on his father's farm, receiving a good education, and at the age of nineteen went to learn the carpenters' trade, a business he followed for about twenty years. He has lived on the old homestead most of his life, being away some ten or twelve vears in his earlier married life. He was married April 12, 1855, to Elizabeth King; she was born in Logan Co., April 27, 1833; her par- ents were natives of Kentucky and came to IjOgan Co., in a very early day, where they resided until their deaths. From their marriage there were six children, three of whom are dead. Maneroy J., Jacob K., John, Ella and Minnie E.; one of their chil- ren died also in infancy. Mr. Good began business for himself entirely upon his own resources, and by hard work and proper economy, and the aid of an industrious wife, he has accumulated enough to keep himself and family without the necessity of hard work. He owns the old homestead which has been brought to its present excellent state of cultivation, principall}' by his own work. WASHINGTON HAMER, farmer; P. O., DeGrafi"; was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., in 1.820; is a son of William and Margaret Ha- tner, who were also natives of Pennsjdvania. They came to Green Co., O., in 1835, and in 1831 to Logan Co. Mr. Hamer remained at home during his youth; he was married Nov. 13,1845, to Margario Stewart, who was born in the adjoining county of Champaign. From this union there were two children, both of whom are now dead. His father died in 1803, and his mother in 1871. Mr. Hamer, by hard work and proper economy, has accumulated quite a fortune; he has always followed farm- ing and stock-growing for a business. JACOB HORN, farmer; P. O., Bellefon- taine; was born in Preble Co., Ohio, in 1818; is a son of John and Nancy Horn, who were natives of Virginia, and came to Preble ^ ^u. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Co. in about 1814, where they resided until 1828, wlicn tlicy came to Logan Co., where tlie family have ever since resided. The father died about 1804, and the mother is yet living on the old homestead, north of Belle- fontaine. Mr. Horn was raised on a farm, and has always followed farming and stock-growing for a business. He has been more fortunate than the majority of people in tlie way of acquiring wealth; he began for himself, en- tirely upon his own resources, and is now in good circumstances, and has been able to give his children a good start in life. He was married April 2, 1844, to Eliza Lang, who was born in Washington Co., Pa., and came to Loiian Co. with her parents about 1830. From this union there were six children, John !>., William M., Nancy M., S. L., Columbia A. anyivania. They have a family of two children — Alvina S. and Wesley C. Mr. Myers came to Logan Co., O., in 1853, where lie has since lived w-ith the exception of two and a half years that he resided in Champaign Co. He began business for himself cntireiy upon his own resoures, and is now in good circum- stances. WILLL\M H. NEER. farmer; P.O., Belle- fontaine; was born in Liiking Co., ()., in 1823; son of Adam and Elizabeth Neer, who were born in Lancaster Co., Pa., and where they resided until about 1803, when they left the place of their nati /itj' for that of Licking Co., and in 1832 they came to Logan Co., where the parents died; the father died in 1801 and the mother in 1852; they had a family of twelve children, five of whom are now dead. Our subject, William H. Nei-r, was raised on his fa;her"s farm, and had the ad- vantage of a common school education; he was married in 1850 to Elizabeth Carnes; her parents were among the earliest settlers of Logan C'o. From this union twelve ciiildrcn also, the same as in his father's family; three of them are now dead. Mr. Neer begin business for himself, relying entirely upon liir own resources, and has made all he now has by his own hard work; he owns a good farm two miles west of Bellefont'iiiie, most of which he cleared and improved; he has al- ways followed farming and stock-raising for a business; he and family are members of the Christian Church. Politically, he is a Dem- ocrat. JOSEPH M. PORTER, P. O., Bellefon- taine; was born in Washington Co.. Pa., April 14, 1824; his parents, Charles and Margaret Porter, were natives of the same county; they came to Licking Co., Ohio, in 1825, where they resided until 1832, ami came to Loiran Co., where the parents died; the father died May 14, 1803, and mother, Juno 2!), 1801; the father was a earpciilcr by tras» 626 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. one now (load, Marv C, Albert W., Georsre F., Mary E., N.>iviil W., Einiiia M., Sallie and Clarence. .Mr. iSiieor ami wife are mem- bers of the .Metlio list Kpiscopal Church. JACOB SHAW VEIJ, farmer; P. ().. Helle- fonlaiiie; was bom in Carroll Co., Ohio, (Jet. 1, 181"-3; his father was a native of I'eniisylvania, and l>is mother of Vir<>iiiia. They came to Carroll Co. in a very early day, whore they re- sided until lSo6, when they came to Logan Co., where they resided until their deaths. Jaco!) resided with his parents until of age, at which time he began business for himself. He received a common sciiool education, and has always followed farming. He was mar- "ricd, in 1838, to Sallie Detiic'<, who was born in Virginia, and came to I^ogan Co. with her parents when quite young. From this union there were two children, Samuel, and the other died in infancy. The mother of these children died in 1840. Mr. Sliawver was again married, in 1841, to .Mary J. Carr, who was also born in Virginia and came to Ohio when young. From this marriage one child, Rosana (King), was bom. Mr. Shawver be- gan a poor man, and by diligently applying himself to his profession (farming) has gaineii quite a fortune. He has a well improved larm, consisting of 1;20 acres, all of which he cleared and brought to its present state of c dtivation. THO-MAS.r. TURNr':R, farmer; P. O., Belle- fontaiue. The svdiject of this sketch was born in l^ogan Co. in ISlvT; son of .l()se])h and Re- bc'ca Turner. The mother was a native of Pennsylvania, a"d the fiither w-as liorn at Chidicothe, O. They came to Logan Co. pre- vious to the war of 181"-i, !infontaine; was born in Pennsylvania, July 23, 1S33; is a son of J)avid C. and Martha Yoder. Mr. Yodercatne to Logan Co. with his parents in 184:5, and settled in Liberty Tp., where the i)arents died, the father in 1849, and the mother in 1872. He received a limited edu- cation, and was married in 1858 to Farinie Kennagy, who was also born in Ponusylva- nia. She came to Logan Co. in 1856. From this xuiion there are eight chihlren — .lohn A., Sarah E., Martlia E., Eiraira, James D., David C, Eii and Lydia. In 1864, Mr. Yoder moved with his family to Michigan, where he resided four years, and from there went to Indiana, where he resided six years, when he returned to Logan Co. He began business for himself entirely upon his own r^^sources, and has been successful. He is a minister of the Orniish Church, of which his wife is also a member. STOKES TO.VNSHIP. G. M. CLOVER, blacksmith; New Hamp- shire; is a son of Joshua and Rachel Clover, and was born Dec. 8, 1833, in Franklin Co., O. His father was born and reared in Vir- ginia, and accompanied his parents to this State. They settled in Ross Co., and, while there, four of the sons entered the army and served through that memorable war, being with Hull when he surrendered. Jo.sluia was one of the number, and shortly after his re- turn was married. In 1815, they all moved to Franklin Co., where the father bought a sec- tion, and each of those who had served in the war entered a quarter section of new land. There were ten sons and two daughters of the fanuly, and, as they all located in one town- ship, the "Clover Settlement" was known for miles around. They nearly all lived there until their death, Joshua dying in 1842, and his devoted and loving companion in 1866. G. M. Clover was united to Saiah M., daugh- ter of Abraham and Jemima (Benjamui) Wright. She was born in New Jersey Sept. 23, 1824, and came to Franklin Co. during her childhood. Their marriage was celebratetl Dec. 22, 1843, and he then went to the black- smith's trade in Madison Co., and after s -rv- ing an apprenticeship, returned to his native county, where he continued working at the trade until October, IS To, when he came to where he now resides. He has built up a good business, which speaks well for his rep- utation as a mechanic. His marriage has ]5roduced a fanidy of eight children, five of whom are living — Benjamin, Zachariah T., Abraham, Maggie and Byron. The eldest two are married, the eldest being a faimer, the second a wagon-maker, and the thirtl a blacksmith and engineer. Mr. Clover held all the township offices while in Franklin Co., except one, being Justice of the Peace six 3'ears, an office he is now filling, having been re-elected in April, 1879. Both he and wife belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church in early life, in which he was class-leader seventeen years. Since the war they have belonged to the M. P. Church. He has al- ways been a Democrat, and voted first for James K. Polk. ADAM FRANK, carpenter and farmer; P. O., Bloom Centre; is one of our enterpris- ing citizens, and can trace the family history back to the time when they emigrated to the New World. Near the year 1763, a family of this name emigrated to this country from Holland, and one of the sons, who bore the name of Adam, was then about 10 years of age. The family were in straitened circum- stances, and Adam's services were contracted for a number of years in order that they might pay their passage and get started in the new country. He served through the Revo- lutionary war, and was married to an English lady, by the name of Elizabeth Dryburg; he lived for many years in Virginia, and from there moved to this State; he died in his 87th year, and his companion a few years later, at the same age. One of their sons, named James, was born in September, 1791, in Virginia, and accompanied his parents to this State; he 'f- f' A±^ 028 BIOGRA PI IK 'A h SKETCHES. was niarnL';diz- ing the truth of the saying : " It is not good for man to be alone," he, on June 19, ISrU, was united to Miss Aleda M. Bennett, of Shelby Co. She is a daughtfr of Lucius (j. aiid Clarinda Bf-nnett, and was born in Clark Co., Oct. 13, 1863. He has always been a Democrat. ZANE TOWNSHIP. WILLIAM BLACKBURN, farmer, stock- raiser and shipper; P. O., West ^liddleburrj; came from that beautiful island across the sea, which has sent so many stalwart and progress- ive sons to Zane Tp. Ireland, and especially King's County, is well antl honorably repre- sented in the farming interests of this section, and the industry and zeal of these sons of Erin speak volumes forthe Mother Country. William was born in County Kings, Parish of Clarrey, Feb. 1, 1819; his parents, William and Ann (Allen) Blackiiurn, raised a family of nine children, of which Wdliam was the j'oungest. The subject of our sketch received a common school education, but was compelled to re- main a large share of his time on his father's farm. However, he had the good fortune to to attend a good agricultural school for two years, and app!3'ing himself. with the perse- verance of one who realized the privilege that he was enjoying, he made most excellent prog- ress, and considers these two years the most beneficial spent while a boy; a short time after he was appointed Superintendent for a rich Quaker, named Kobert Goodbody, having from 50 to 100 men under him; he remained with Mr. Goodbody for two years, when he returned to help his father, remaining with him until he emigrated to America in 1849; he came to Zane Tp., and bagan to work at the meagre salary of 50 cents per day, and be- sides not having work more than half the time, he was compelled many times to accept store bills in lieu of payment in cash; he worked in this desultory uuumer for two years, and then, having aecumidated a small sum of money, bought a farm; he continued to add to his original purchase, until he owned at one time some 335 acres; at present his farm consists of 171 acres, well cultivated, well cleared and well drained, he being the first man in this township to ditch. Upon his farm, which is well adapted to the the raising of stock, he raises corn and wheat to a consider- able amount, but pays especial attention to his stock, having very fine slieep and as good cattle as can be found in this locality; he has a camp of 1,300 trees which also add to the value of his farm. As an incentive to labor and industry be it known that when he coui- nienced he had just $2 in his pocket. In 18-l(j, he married Miss Maria Wilson, who was born March 3, 1825, and the sketch of whose father appears in another portion of this work. From this union one son, Talford, was born Aug. 19, 1848. Tallord has followed faithfully in the footsteps of his father, and imitating- his industry and prudence, has ac- cumulated considerable property, and with liis fiither does a large agricultural business. They are both good citizens, and although frequently solicited to hold ollice, have ever kindly but firmlv declined. JAMES. W. BALLINCiER, contractor and builder; West Middleburg; was born at Camden, New Jersey, August 21, 1837, and at the ag? of 18 came with his parents to Perry Tp. His father, William, and mother, Beulah (Ward), were natives of New Jersey. The subject of our sketch received his education partly here, and partly in his native State, but his present broad and liberal culture comes from assiduous reading, and his keen observation of men antl facts. His father by trade was a carpenter, and James when 16 years of age, also began to learn the trade, working for his father for several years after becoming of age. On November 17, 1 850, he married Ano-eline Curl, a sketch of whose father appears in another portion of these biographies, and from this union there were ten children — Warren, Joseph, Bulah, Lewis, 030 BIOGRAPfllCAT. SKETCHES. Ulysses, As:i, Ira, Porry, Jose and Maria GLTtriitle. Altlioviy;!! a carpenter by trade, he owns a farm of 42 acres, good land, well improved, and upon which be makes a speciality of raising fiuit; James W. was in tile llj^nd O.V. 1., under Col. Haines. He is a Mason, Lodge 247, Chapter 60, Logan Council, No. 34; he is at present Township Trustee, and is eminently respected bj' both parties for his honesty and integrit^^ In jjolilics he is a licpni) \:-.:n. SAMUEL BALLLXGER, fanner; P. O., West Middkbury; a son of one of the ear- li(!St settlers of l^ogan Co., w-as born Nov. 2, ]!^o.5. His g-randfathi'r, Samuel Hallinger, was a native of the Old Dondiiion, and was one of the pioneer settlers of Logan Co., set- tling in Zane Tp., on the edge of what is now -Midilirburg, as early as 1810. He raised a family of nine children. Joshua, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in A'irgiida in February, 1803. He married Miss Delilah Inskee)), the eldest daughter of John Inskeep. He first settled on the farm upon which Samuel Hallinger now lives in 1820. This farm, consisting of 450 acres, is one of the best farms in Logan Co. Weil watered, with an eNcellent under-drainage consisting 1,200 rods of tile, it is adajited to the raising of all cereals, besides being especially faxor- able to the; ])rnpagation of sto<-k. Saniuel Ballinger and his l)rother Oliver run the farm cunjiiiiitly, owiniig and sharinij evervtliing in common. They are farmers in all that that word at present im])lies. They are energetic, taking a deep interest in all that appertains to till- welfare anil growth of agiieulture. In ISfil Samuel married .Marv Runyon, who. was born in Pennsylvania, A)uil it, 1.S3!), and came with her parents to Ohio, settling at Troy. I Jle has a family of six childn-n — two boys and four girls. Jenny, born in 1802; Wil- liam, 1863; Edward Everett, 1864; Edith, 1873; Gertrude, 1874; Lydia Jane, 1878. He has occupied several positions of trust and honor, and in jiolitics is a l{e|)ublicaii. having cast his first vote for Fremont. <;E0RGE W. CREVISTOX, farmer; P. ()., Mingo; was born |)i-c. 3, 1832., anil at an early agi- evinced that delibi-ration of manner and thought, now so characteristic of him; his fallii-r, John Creviston, was born June 18, 1803, and came to Zane Township as early as 1820. In 1830 John ('revistkl; ho WHS elected Township Trustee, and took an active interest ni educational matters. Har- rison received a ji^ood common school educa- tion, teaching school when a younp: man for a few years. He remained at home until he was '21, when he enlisted in 18G1 in Company CJ, 17th O. V. I.; he participated in various battles during the war and was slightly wounded at the battle of Chickamauga; he marched also with Sherman to the sea. The brothers, Jose H., Marion and Asa, were also in the war; his brother Marion was especially noted fur his bravery; he was one time taken prisoner, but not until he had killed five of his assailants; he was killed at the battle of Winchester, Va. He upon his return from the army went to Iowa, but remained there only a short time, and then returned to Zane Tp., and married Miss Arrena ilcCamp- bell, whose parents were Robert and Eliza- beth McCanipbell; she was born in Union Co., in 1846. Five children bless this union — Alice, Lois, Mary, Robert Bruce, French G. Harrison has an excellent farm and is in every sense a progressive and wide-awake farmer; he has a fine sugar camp, and cultivates choice apples and pears. He is in politics a Republican. EUREM CARPENTER, carriage and wngon maker; West Middleburg; was born in Randolph Co., Va., April 21, 1813; he is of German descent, and is one of the oldest cit- izens of this place, having come here Dec. 9, ]8:35, and begun business; he learned the wagon-maker's trade in Virginia with his father, and came to Ohio at the age of 20, and was followed two years later by his pa- rents, Solomon and Catherine Carpenter; he worked a short time in Guernsey Co., and July 9, 18,3o, married Miss Betsey Ann Allen — born in Union Co., July 9, 1819 — and a few months later located here. Mr. Carpenter owes his success in life to his close attention to business and the superiority of his work, every piece of which, if not ma'de by himself, ])asses under his close observation, hence the superiority of his work is far-famed. One of the first carriages made by him was for Wal- ler Marshall, one of the earliest settlers, and has been in constant use in the family for about forty years. Can another carriage- maker cite a like example? He continued to follow his business here with good success until 18()8, when he moved to North Lewis- burg, where he remained until 1875, when he returned to Middleburg, and is now giving his exclusive attention to his business; he has had a family of five children, three of whom are now living — Franklin, a wood-worker and ])ainter at Watseka, III.; George, a black- smith, with Warren & Gommer, Urbana, and Albert, foreman in the wheel department of Columbus Buggy Co. His daughter died in her 35th year, leaving four children. He has not aspired to lead in anything except his legitimate trade, in which he has mad; mi- conimon success. He has, in addition to his business, a farm of 78 acres in the outskirts of tha village. As a citizen he is highly es- teem i>d. JOHN BISHOP COWGILL, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., North I^ewisburg; identi- fied himself with the agricultural interests of this count}', and by his force of character and honesty of purpose has done a great deal to give his connnunity its present enviable repu- tation. He was born in Union Co., Sept. 15, 1835. His father, Elisha. was born in Colum- biana Co., in 1804, and came to Zane Town- ship with John Cowgill, his father, about 18015. John Cowgill was a native of Culpepper Co., Va. Elisha raised a family of ten children, having married Mary (Bishop). John Bishop received a common school education, and when he was 21, such had been his industry and economy, he purchased 85 acres of land. By caieful investment, but more by arduous toil, he added to his original purchase, until he be- came a large land owner. He possesses a farm of 19S acres in Logan Co., with fine water privileges, being well watered by two branches of D.irby Creek, besides a number of limestone springs. The land is well ditch- ed and under-drained, 500 rods of tiling be- ing used in the latter. He has a good barn and out-bulldintrs. He has a fine; sugar camp of some 1,500 vessels, and manufactures an- nually about 3,500 pounds of sugar. Besides this farm, John Bishop also possesses 240 acres in Allen Township, Union Co., used more particularly as a stock farm, to which latter occupation he has been devoting more espe- cially his attention. The Logan Countvfarm is rich and very productive, both of wheat and corn. In the spring of 1867, John married c:;2 BIOGRAPFIICAL SKETCHES. .Mi»"s Aniui S!iarp, daug-hter of John and Alcy (Bi)vvkcr) Sharp. Her parents were na- tives of tlie East. She was born in 1S:J3. From tliis vinion there are two children, Elisha .Fohn, born April 10, 1869, and Mary Alcy, bum Sc>pt. -i-), 1871. .lOKDUX DOWNS, retired farmer; P. O., N:irth Lewisbur, March 20, 183!); his ])arents, Isaiie Evans and Mi'hala (Gray) Evans, were natives of Maryland; he remain- ed on the farm tmtil he was sixteen years of age, when his father having died at the advanced age of eighty-sevmi, he came to Logan County, and immediately went to work for ten dollars a month; a y(!ar or two after coming to this county, he began to learn the tinner's trade at (jhiiiiey, working at the same some time in Detrrafl'; in 1858. having served his apprenticeship, he 0|iened a shop in Lewis- burg, and by j)ru(lence and economy he was able to add to his stock, until he hail a fine store and an excellent line of hardware; he continued in this business until 1878, when not being able to withstand the strong inllu- ence of liis earlier training, he traded his stock for the farm u]ion which he now n'sides, however, he worked at his trade a ml remained with his successor for some time. In the spring of 1880, he moved on his farm, and is at present busily engaged in its improve- ment. On Sejit. 19, 1802, he married Miss Frances J. Underwood, a native of Oliio, born May 29, 1844; from this union there were eight children — Sarah Etta, Auios, Emma, Catherine, Leroy, Fannie, Henry and Edna; of these, Amos, Emma and Catiierine are dead. The subject of this sketch servi-d in the 132nd O. V. L, and did garrison duty at Bermuda Hundred, and also ])articipafed in the siege before Pi-tersburg. All iu' is, and all tliat he ])ossessed, comes from his own individual exertions. A careful business man — he has don(> much to promote the in- terests of his commuiiitv. IIHJAM GARWOOD, farmer; P. O., West Middleburg; was liorn in Zane Tp., Nov. 12, 1827, and began his education in the first schoolhouse built in the township. His father, Jose H. Garwood, was born in the County of Culpejipcr, Va., Sept. 13, 1794, and at the age of 11 he came to Ohio with his father, who stopped near .Milford in 1805, and came to Zane Tji. in 1807. Jose soon after he came to Zane, followed millwrighting until he arrived at his majority, when his father died ami he took charge of the farm. He early identified himself with the interests of th(> to\vnshi]i. — was the first Postmaster, was Justice of the Peace, etc. He served in the war of 1812, and on account of his supe- rior mental acquirements was lield in high esteem by his neighbors. He married Nov. 12, 1820, Miss Angeline Culver, born in Clin- ton, N. Y., Aug. 29, 1805, and who came to Ohio, via Pittsburg, in 1810. He was a very n- —T ZAXE TOWNSHIP. 600 00 successful fanner, owning at one time 437 acres of land. He died Marcii 10, 1879. The subject of our sketch engaged in surveying for some time, but when tlie "gold fever" broke out, he, in 1840, left for California, and was gone ibr nine years. He returned, after a varied experience, to Ohio in 1857. He was booked for the fated ship Central America, but by a Providential accident failed to take passage. On his return he engaged in millwrighting for one year, when he went to Texas, but remained there but a few months, when he went to Missouri, and there located, marrying Miss Mary Smith on Dec. 18, 1859. He engaged in the lumber business lor some time, but in December, 1801, he returned to Ohio. He again returned to Missouri, iu 1803, but after sjjending a few months he bade adieu to that country, and, coming back io his old home, located on his farm of 150 acres, and by per- severance he has improved it so that it is one of the best in the township. Mr. Gar- wood is one of the best posted men in ]iioneer history, antl is a worthy son of his most wor- thy father. He is a member of the Masonic (Jrder, Lodge No. 247. GJESOX GARWOOD, retired; P. O., West Middleburg; was born Nov. 21, 1834, and is the son of .Jonathan Garwood, who was born in Culpe])per Co., Va., April 1,1802. His parents Daniel and Polly Garwood, whose ancestois came from the county of Northum- berland, Eng., in 10i)8, and located in New Jersey, and in 1708 in Virginia; came to Oliio in 1805 and settled near Milford Centre, and two years later came to Zane Tp., then a part of Champaign Co. Jonathan Garwood married Miss Catharine Spears, Jan. 20, 1834. She was born in Madison Co., Dec. 21). 1815, and her father was a soldier of the Revolu- tionarj' War. There were two children, the subject of this sketch, and Marion, liorn P'eb. 27, '1840, who joined the 17th O. V. I., Co. C, and died at Chatanooga, Tenn., March 1, 1805, after faithfully serving his country. Jonathan Garwood was a successful farmer and one of the best citizens of the township. He is spoken of as a man of most uncommon pub- lic-spiritedness and liberality. He died March 19, 1875, lamented by all who knew him. His widow still survives. Gibson mar- ried Miss Eliza Euans, a native of this town- ship, on Sept. 9, 1857, and shortly after moved to Bates Co., Mo. His wife died March 20, 1801, and his only child, Ella Kate, Aug. 20, of same j-ear. He returned to his old homo in 1805, and continued to farm until 1879, when he retired from active business, and moved to Middleburg, where ho enjoys such a life as his ample means enables him to do. His agreeable ways, and kind and obliging- disposition, makes him the iriend of every one who knows him, and the writer of these sketches feels particularly indebted for the many contributions of items of history he has given him. He has for many years kept an accurate daily record of such things as came under his observation, which for dates, etc., is often consulted by others, and has been valu- able in the completion of the history of Zane Township. He has served the township as Trustee, and was tiie first Superintendent of the Bellefontaine and Columbus Pike. He is a member of East Liberty Lodire F. & A. M., La Fayette Chapter No. CO, R. A. M. and Lonan Council No. 34, R. S. M. AMOS GRIFFITH HUMPHREY, ear- jienter; West Middleburg-. Prtjininent among the mechanics who have added materially to the interests of this community, may be men- tioned the gentleman whose name heads this sketch; was born in Westmoreland Co., Pcnn., Feb. 10, 1817; he came to Garwood Mills, now East Liberty, with his parents when he was a babe; his father, Richard, and his mother, Nancy (Evans) Humphrev, were both l;orn in Wales, the former in 1774, and the latter in 1779. They emigrated to America with two children in 1802,, where the father of the subject of our sketch followed farming until his removal with his family to Oliio. Amos remained in the vicinity of Garwood Mills until 1828, when his father dying, he was compelled to seek his own living- in other directions. He worked around at farm- ing until 1839, when he learned the carpen- ters' trade, at which he has worked ever since; of his brothers, Richard enlisted in the Mexican War, probably the only man who entered that service from this locality; he enlisted in a regiment organized at Dayton, Capt. King commanding; 1st Lieut. .John B. Miller. Richard died at Pariote, Mexico. His brother Jacob was a first lieutenant in the late war, and assisted in raising Company ih .> G34 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. C, 17tli O. V. r.; Ill' died in December, 18G3. Amos has rn sod a family of three children, only one of which is now living; the oldest danpfhtor, Melissa Ann, married D. li. Sharp, of East Liberty; his son, James Stokes Huni- phrcy, married Bertha Aiken, from which union there was one son, James Allen, born AiiL'- IS, ISOC). Amos Griffith has been a resident of Middleburir for over forty years, and has been complimented by his neighbors with several positions of trust and honor, lie was a Whig in the halcyon days of that party, and then joined the Hepulilican party; at present he is a Prohibitionist. He is a member of the Christian Union (."luirch; he was married Dec. 13, 1840, to Ilepsabeth Stokes, who was born July 1, ISIIi. COLONEL JOEL IL-VINES, merchant; West Middleburo-; was born hero June 9. l.'<14, and is now the oldest citizen of this township, who was born here, and has al- wa\-s resided here; reared amid the vicissi- tudes of pioneer life, his advantages were liniitol, l)ut with a natural gt^nius and an inilomitable will, lie has kept steadily abreast of tin- times, leading in every advance move- ment for the benctit of Miildieburg-, and it is safe to say no man shows a mon; jiublic spirit or has done as much as has Colonel llaines, for the im|)rovem('nt of this thriving village. JJeing of an inventive turn of mind he early look up the cabinct-nniker's trade, at which he has worked with success for many years. He started the first woolen mill in the town- ship, but he especially deserves credit for the many useful articles ho has invented and ])ati'nted, and have given him a great noto- rily abroad. The first was a washing ma<;hine which gave him a start, and this was followed by about fifteen others, among which were a cheese-bo.\, which will accurately weigh and divide the cheese, and three styles of fruit jars. He has very recently inventinl and ap- plied for a patent on a show-box, for exhibit- ing shoes on the shelves, a contrivance that will commend itself to any merchant. Pre- vious to the civil war lie had bei-iv u colonel in the militia, and when the rebellion came he raised a company, composed of the very (lower of the youth of the townshij), which was assigned to the 17th Regt. O. V. L, as Co. C, \nidcr Col. John M. Connell, and was mustered into service Sept. 7, l.Slil, at Camp Dennison, and in October joined th(! Army of the South under Gen. Thomas, and fought Zollicofler Oct. 'il at Camp Wild Cat. He served until June G, ISO'-i, when he was honor- ably discharged at Corinth, Miss., for jthysic- al debility. On his return home he ojiened a dry goods and grocery store in Mir bovs he went with the regiment to Bermuda Hundred, where they did garrison duty. He married, Dec. .31, 183(1, Miss Mary Haines, who was born Sept. 9, 1820, and whose ])eo- ple were among the earliest pioneers of this county; they have raised a family of four sons and one daughter — .lohn W., Jiorn Jan. 11, 1838; Ali,Nov'. 7, 1841; Isnac W., Aug. r, 1844; William P., Feb. 14. 1840, and Clara Barton, .lune 8, 1804 ; the latter named after the lady who so kindly and tenderly nursed her father during his dangerous sickness in the hospital. She is a talented and accom- plished yo\ing lady, anil as a singer possesses a voice of rare sweetness and ])ower. Col. Haines is a ]irominent .Mason, a member of Lodge 247, Ijafayette Chapter No. GO, and JiOgan Council No. 34, of Bellefontaine. He is at present engaged in the mercantile busi- ness at Middlcliurg, and is Postmaster, a position ho has hcM manv years. THOMAS J. HELLINGS, merchant; West Middleburg; for business enterprise coupled with success, no one deserves more credit in the history of Middleburg than Thonnis .f. Hellings, who, although a j'oung man, is w(dl known in this ]iart of the county. In writing the industries of this township it is only just to say, Mr. Hellinis' store, for the elegance of the goods, for the carefully selected vari- ety and exquisite taste in the display of every- thing, has tew eipials in the county. This is all the more remarkable when it is known that it is all (he growth of the jiast eight years. In 1872, Mr. Hellings, in connection with his father, opened a small stock in a part of the room ho now occupies, which in connection with his father, and siiicf^ the hitter's death, which occurred Sept. 1, 1878, •J ^'1^, ZANE TOWNSHIP. 635 he has gradually increased the business until his annual sales amount to about ^1;2,()00 per year, and still increasiiisr. To those who are acquainted with' Tom's careful business habits and his very oblig-ing disposition, treatino; every customer willi th(! utmost at- tention and courtesy, his remarkable success is not surprising. He is the only son of Sarah Ann (Euans) Heliin^'S, and was born in Middleburg, Oct. 8, 1848. and rent' Her father, Richard, and mother, Margaret (Henry) Dickinson, were married Oct. 37, 1817, and are still living, proliably the oldest couph- that have always lived in this county. Lydia Ann gained her education by going to a subscription school three miles from her house, where, in a log cabin, with greased pajier over an aperture in li<>u of glass, instruclion was given to the whites and Imlians. They have raised a fam- ily of two boys and two girls, namely — Rich- ard Addison, born in 1841; Erastus, 184(i; Bell, 184'.); Kelta, 18G0. Mr. ami Mrs. Marcpiis, with their youngest daughter, now reside -in the village of Jliddleburg. but Mr. Marf|uis' active disposition still im|)ids to de- vote a good share of his time to the care of his propi'rlv. SA.MLEL MAiJgUIS, deceas.-d; was born in Shenandoah Co., V'a., June 1(>, 1807 and was the son of VV'illiam ami Elizabeth (Newell) Marquis, who moved to Kimx Co., O., when Samuel was a babe. He nnirried Miss Lucinda Axtell, who was born March 3'.), 1808. Her parents, Lincoln and Sarah (Martin) ZAKE TOWKSIIIP. 637 Axtell, were born in New Jersey, and, as well as Mr. Marquis' parents, wereoi' Irish descent and moved from Pennsylvania to (Jhio and settled near Mai'tinsburg, where she was mar- ried Dec. 30, 1828. They moved to Logan Co. and settled on the farm where Mrs. Mar- quis now lives, where they raised a family of ten children, nine of whom are now living — William Maxwell, Sarah Ann (married to Dan- iel Gorham) Thomas Newell, Daniel Martin, Elizabeth (dead), Julia (married to Samuel Ray), Francis Marion, James Harvey, Samuel Hamilton and Argus Jackson. Here Mr. Marcjuis cleared up his farm of 70 acres and an adjoining one of 80 acres. He was a consistent member of the Presbj'terian Church, and died May 1, 1865. With Mrs. Marquis resides her granddaughter, Mary Francis, daughter of Thomas and Hulda (Curl) Marquis, who was born a mute, March 16, 186G. She went to Columbus in 1874 to receive instruction in the asylum, a-id now writes readily, and is above the average in in- telligence, and can do all sorts of work. It was not discovered that she was a mute until she was 3 vears of age. A. W. MORTON, farmer ; P. 0., West Middleburg. Among the prominent and suc- cessful farmers Mr. Morton ranks with the first. He was born in Columbiana Co., O., July 31, 1832. His father, Israel Morton, was born in Pennsylvania, and mother, Han- nah (Conn.) Morton, in New Jersey. When A. W. was G years old his father moved to the village of Westville, where he kept a ho- tel nine years. He then moved to his farm, and one year later to Zane Tp., whicii was in 18-18, and located on tiie farm now owned by Edmund Outland. The subject of our biog- raphy was married July 4, 1861, to Miss Sarah A. Inskeep, daughter of Job Inskeep, a native of Culpepper Co., Va., and came here among the very first settlers, with his father, Joshua, who figured prominently in the early history of Zane Tp. Mrs. Morton was born March 5th, ] 840. The_y have a fam- ily of three girls — Etta May, Rosa Myrtle and Edna Gertrude. Mr. Morton had an offer for an education for the law, but chose rather to follow the plow, in which he has achieved uncommon success. At the time of his marriage he had no land, and after pur- chasing a farm he found himself in debt to the amount of about $5,000, with assets only about Sl,200, but by careful attention to his business he managed in the course of four and a half years to clear his entire indebtedness. His farm now consists of 263 acres of good land, well watered and under-drained, and especially adapted to wheat-growing, in which he has been an exceedingly successful producer. He has a sugar-camp of about 2,000 vessels, and produces about 4,000 jiounds annually. He is a member of I. O. O. F. Lodge No. 268, North Lewisburg. As a citizen, every- one speaks in the higliest terms of Mr. Morton. EDMUND OUTLAND, farmer and stock raiser; P. O., West Middleburg. Of the self- made men of Zane Tp. who have "dug. their property out of the ground," Edmund Outland occupies a prominent and lead- ing position. Commencing with onlv 75 cents, his success and present high position is but a just tribute to his industry. His father, Josiah, was one of the jiioneers of this locality, and was a laige land owner. He raised a family of eleven boys and gave each of them a farm, with the single exc0]5- tions of Edmund, who, for some reason, was left without a start, and to-day Edmund may attribute his success in a great measure to the fact, that ho was compelled to work and save. Edmund was born November 29, 1814. At the age of twenty years and six months he married Rachel Stratton wlio was born in Zane Township, Oct. 7, 1813. Her parents, Joel and Rebecca (Ray) Stratton, were among the earliest settlers in this locality, coming from Culpepper Co., Va., as earlv as 1806. The result of the union of Edmund and Rachael was six sons and six daughters. Amizetta, Henry, Olive, John, Caroline and Charlotte are married and well settled in life. When Edmund first began, he rented the farm where he now lives for two years, and managed, in the meantime, to raise enough money to make one payment. He beg-an $6,000 in debt and in eight years had liqui- dated all incumbrances. At present he clears $1,000 a year. He owns 254i acres in one body of excellent land, being one of the best watered farms in this locality, there being no less than twenty-two running springs on his land. The land is also well drained and being part of the limestone belt, pos- sesses the richness of that famous rido-e in Is CSS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. tlie production of wlieat and corn. His farm, h'lwevcr, is tlio loading stock farm in this towiisliip, lie niuking a specialty .of liojTs and sheep. There is a '' camp " of 3,000 vessels, which produced in the spring of 1880, y,000 lbs. of sugar. He has good fruit and all the comforts of a well-kept and ]>r(>iluetive farm. He is an exhorter in the Quaker Church, while his wife is a Free Will IJaptist. ISA .\C PAINTER, farmer; P. O., North Lewisburg. " Uncle Isaac," as everybody e.^lls the generous, warm hearted old gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was born in Frederick Co., Va., Dec. 5, 1809, and is one of the few survivors of that noble baud of pioneers who helped make this country what it is to-day. His father, Abraham Painter, was born Nov. 1. 1781, and Sarah (Branson) Aug. 8, 1785. M'hen he was two years of age his parents started to Ohio in a one-horse cart, and came as far as Lan- caster, O., where tlii'y remained over winter, and where another son, Walter, was born; his father then came to Garwood's Mills, now East Liberty, and engaged in the mill here; his father's family consisted of five boys and three girls, of wliom Isaac was the only one who ever located in Zane, as it is now; his father moved to Jefferson Tp., where he died, Sept. 4, 18J4, having been one of the first pioneers in Perry Tp., then a part of Zane, and was also one of the first in Jefferson, and was a soldier of the war of 1812, as mention- ■ il in the history of the township. Isaac mar- ried .Miss Hope liallinger, Sipt. :2">, 1833, who was the daughter of Henry Bellinger, a ])ii)n(!er; she was born Uec. 11, 1811. They forthwith located on the farm wiiere he now resides, consisting of oU acres, then entirety in the woods, and which he paid for with Ids own labor. From this marriage there were ft)ursons — Henry, born May 'i'-l, IH'.io, Thomas L., July '.iG, 1837; Isaac B., March ^!(;, 1845; James \\'esley Uec. 20, 184(1; all now married, and the two o!di-st now settled in this town- ship. His firsl wife dying, he married Miss Augusta Martin, Fib. 2, 1852; she was born Aug. 21, 1832, and is an accomplished and estimable lady, and formerly a teacher. They linve two children — Elizabeth Jane, born Feb. 20, 1853, and Benjamin Everett, July 18, 18G7. He has served as Township Trustee, and is a member of Lodge 546, I. O. O. F., North Lewisburg; he has been a member of theMeth- odist EjHscopalt.'hurih since 1830, and he and his wife are members of Mt. Moriah Church. ISRAEL POOFj, carpenter and contractor; AVest Middleburg. To maintain the con- fidence and respect of one's fellow citizens to such a degree as to be continuously kept in one office for more than twenty years, is cer- tainly creditable to anyone; such is the his- tory of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was liorn in Beaver Co., Pa., Oct. 8, 1826. His parents were Phineas and Ann (Young) Pool, natives of Pennsylvania, the latter of Bucks Co., and came to Columbiana Co., 0.,when Israel and his twin brother Joseph were 18 months old, wiiere both were brought up to the carpenter trade, which they still lol- low in ])artnersliip, and inanvof the best public and ])rivate buddings in this township were built by them, among the former L'nion Chapel, Christian Church, and Mt. Moriah re- built, which attests the superiority of their workinaiisiiip. He married Miss Mary W. Fast, daughter of Joshua and Susanna Fast, ill 1849. She was born in Virginia, June 7, 1831. From this union there are five chil- dren, as follows — Isaac N.; Sarah Jane, mar- ried Oliver Marquis; Joseph E.; Charles Sum- ner, and Lewis Mc. He came to Zane Tp. in 1855, and was elected Justice of the Peace soon alter, a position which he has ever since held. Of late years he has acted as peacemaker more than the presiding olficer of the court, in every case, whenever it was ])OS- sible, inducing his neigh!)ors to settle their disputes without coming to trial, thereby sav- ing costs and unpleasantness. Although Squire Pool received only a comnwn school education, he has by careful reading and study, aided by a wonderfully retentive mem- ory, become one of the best informed men of the country on history, law and general liter- ature, and his advice and judgment are Ire- quently sought. Although not a ])rofessioiuiI ])olitician, he is well posted on the issues of the day, and occasionally takes tlie stump for the Republican party, of which he is an ardent supporter; and lieing a close thinker and cle;ir reasoner, his speeches are spoken of as credit- able affairs. He served several months as a meml)er of tho 132nd O. V. I., in the capacity Regimental Clerk. t f 4. ZAXE TOWXSIIIP. 639 I. M. SHARP, deceased. Culpepper Co., Va., has furnished its quota to the solid farm- ing citizens of Zane, and the sons of the Old Dominion reflect credit and honor upon their Mother State. Among the pioneei-s who came to this locality about lf~03 was John Sharp, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, who, moving from Virginia at the beginning of the present century, settled first in Ross Co., and at about the above-mentioned date, came to what is now Zane Tp. John Shai-p's son, Isaac, was born in Virginia, and came to this section with his father. His wife was Jane (Austin) Sharp. He died in 1869. I. M. Sharp, the subject of this sketch, was born Dec. 21, 1834, and remained with his father until his 26th year. On Feb. 7, ISlil, he mar- ried Miss Catherine Ann Hellings, who was born Oct. 7, 18-40; he located upon the farm which he occupied at the time of his death in 1861, and, aided by the industry of his wife, cleared and improved the farm, consisting of 03 acres, until at present it is in good condi- tion, well drained, and exhibiting the care and prudence of a good farmer in the out- buildings, fences, etc. On July 22, 1879, Mr. Sharp died, leaving his wife the care of four children— Marv E.', born Dec. 19, 1861; Wil- liam M., Sept." 20, 1863; Charles M., Dec. 4, 1864, and David M., May 29, 1866. She also has entire care and supervision of the farm, which, with its large sugar " camp " of 1,100 buckets, is no small matter. She ships her own sugar, sells her own corn and wheat, and, in fact, transacts all the business appertaining to a flourishing farm. At the time of his death Mr. Sharp was a Trustee of the town- ship. He was also Steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which denomination he had been a tnember since his 14th vear. JOHN DO^^'NS SHARP, farmer; was born in Zane Tp., Aug. 29, 1831. His father. Job Sharp, was born in Culpepper Co., Va., June 14, 1792, and came to Ohio with his father, John Sharp, an old Revolutionary sol- dier, as early as 1802, settling in Ross Co., from thence he moved into what is now Logan Co., about 1803, where his father, John Sharp, died at the advanced age of 98 years. Job Sharp married Miss Sarah Ann Haines, a na- tive of New Jerse}', who was born Oct. 15, 1803. From this union there were nine chil- dren. He was in the war of 1812, was a suc- cessful farmer, having at one time 237 acres of land, and in politics he was an old line Whig. John Downs Sharp, remained with his father until the 26th year of his age. In 1857 he married Amanda E. Kennedy, a na- tive of Logan Co., whose parents came from Brown Co. at an early day. From this union there were three children, two only sur- viving, namely — Job Nelson, born June 8, 1861, and James Owen, born March 26, 1872. John Downs Sharp has a farm of about JOO acres, well under-drained, forming excellent wheat land. He has a camp of 400 trees and a fine orchard. Part of this farm is surrounded by a hedge, which, together with other improvements, materially increases its value, which at ])resent is about S65 an acre. J. D. Sharp is a member of Lodge, 546, I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Republican. CARMAN CHAMPION STOKES, phy- sician; West Middlcluu'g; was Ijorn in East Liberty, O., June 2, 1849,- and is de- scended from one of the oldest and most in- fluential families in this township, and in his successful professional and business career sustains the family reputation in every res- pect; his grandfather, Joseph Stokes, came here from Culpepper Co., Va., in 1808, and located on the farm where the father of Dr. Stokes, Joseph Stokes, Jr., was born, Oct. 25, 1825; his mother, Susan (Austin) Stokes, was also a native of Logan Co. When he was four years of age his jiarents moved to Zanesfield, and here 3'Oung Stokes attended school, and in 1801 they again moved to Middleburg, where he completed his common school edu- cation, and entered the Ohio Wesleyan Uni- versity at Delaware, O., in 1867, where lie remained about a year. The year following, he etitered the office of Dr. William T. Sharp, and spent two years in the study of medicine, and then went South and spent a year to re- gain his.lost health; here he visited numerous battlefields and other points of war interest. Returning with renewed health, he entered the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Sur- gery, where he graduated, June 20, 1874; he located in the practice of medicine in Newton, where he remained two years, and j'ieldingto to the entreaties of his numerous friends, he came then to Middleburg, ' where his well- known abilities as a physician soon gained him a large practice. His business increasing CIO BIOGKAPUICAL SKETCHES. beyond his abilities to g-ive it propor at- tcMilion, lie invited his brother-in-law, Dr. D W. Sharp, to share it. lie was induced by the demand for a drujr store to open one here, in the spring of 1870, which at once commanded a g-ood patronage, while at the same time he retains his largo practice. Dr, Stokes married Miss Mary Sharp, Sept. 4. 1873. She is the daughter of Joshua B. and Catharine (Norviel), whose history ap|)i'ars un- der the sketch of Dr. I). W. Sharp, and was born April 2tl, 1850. They have one child, Estclla, born July 9, 1874. He is a member of Lodge 247, A."'& F. M. Much of the his- tory of this township is the result of Dr. Stokes' research. DAVID WICKLIFF SHARP, physician; ^Yest Middloburg; a great-grandson of Job Sharp, the first white settler in Logan Co., was born April 24, 1848, on the farm of historic fame, lirst settled by his ancestors; his father, Jonathan B., was also born here, Oct. 18, 1821, wln-re he followed farming and afterwards mercantile jjursuits, and for a short time served in the late i'el)ellion, and was j)rominently identified with the history of the township; he married Catharine (Norviel) April 20, 184o, who was born in Medina Co., O., March, 11, 1825. They raised a laniily of whom four grew to the estate of man. Dr. Sharp received an education in the schools of this vicinity, and attended the OhioWesleyan L'niversity during the years 1804 and 1805, after which he returned to engage iu business in this ])lace with his father, who was in the dry goods trade; he began the study of med- icine in 1870, under Dr. Sharp, of this place, and entered the Cincinnati College of Medi- cine and Surgery in 1873, and graduated in 1874; soon after this lie entered ujion the prac- tice of his profess'on atPottersburg, Union Co. locating there July 14, 1874; he married Miss Mary Charlotte Stewart, Oct. 15, J 874; she was born in Lowell, Mahoning Co., Ohio., Nov. 2, 1852. There is one child from this union, Willie Howard, iiorn July 15, 1870. In 1879, ho left Pottersburg, and returned to Middleburg, and h:is had a growing practice among the people wiih whom he was reared, and aUhougli they familiarly address him as "Wick," yet as a plij'sician he has their III most conlidence and is recognized as one of the most promising members of the profession in which he taiies so much pride, and in which he has been in the highest sense successful; he has many of the qualities which peculiarly ada|)ts him for this particular calling, as well as the elements which would make him succes- ful in any nndortaking. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternitj-, of which his father was also ii member, and belongs to Lodge No. 247, at East Liliertv. GEOUGE W. STOKES, fanner and teacher; P. O., North Lewisburg. "Full many a gem, of purest ray serene, The (lark, unfalhomed caves of ocean bear." We oi'ton find persons with tact rather than talent, filling the learned professions, where merit should be the measure, while those whose natural gifts anrt act]uirements really fit them for such positions, quietly pursue a retired life. Of the latter comes to our mind the name of George W. Stokes, whom we first met at college. He early evinced more than an orduiary aptness lor learning, which, with a studious disposition, soon placed him far in advance of the boys of his age. Having ex- hausted the curriculum of the country school, he spent two years at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, and even here what was a task of hours to otlicrs was but a few minutes' work to him, such was his jiower to grasp the most intricate subjects. Lideed, in his mind there is a remarkable combination of the power of close mathematical reasoning and an exceedingly retentive memory; hence, it would be ditheult to liiid one so familiar as ho with the details of ancient and modern history, so accurate is' he as to dates and state- ments. He was born in Union Co., Sept. 17, ]847. His father, John Stokes, was born in Zarie Tp., Nov. 18, 1818, and married July 4, 1840, Miss Emma Holly, born in Jef- ferson Co., N. y.. May 18, 1818. Four children blessed the union — Oliver, George Weaver, Abram Holly,/ and Arminta Jane. The first is a well-to-do farmer of Union Co.; the second is the subject of this bio- graphy, and the two younger are still with their parents. George, on his return from college in J 80S, taught school, which he has followed up to the present time, during the winter, exc( pting two years, and almost ex- clusively in his home district; such is the attachment of his neighbors among whom ho 'k^ ZANE TOAV^'SHIP. 6U has nfrown up. On Independence Day, 1874, he led to tlie altar Miss Maria Elizabeth Cow- pill, who was born in Union Co., Nov. 30, 1850, a descendant of one oi' the pioneers and an accomplished, amiable woman, of more than ordinary intellectual acquirements. Two sweet children came to their home to gladden their hearts — Willard Byron, born Nov. 9, 1879; Florence Ga'e, .tan. 20, 1878. Six years of happy married life was given them, but ere the seventh had beg-un, early in the spring of ISSO, George Stokes was called to see pass from this life she who had been to him all a true and loving wife could l)e. The shock was almost greater than he could liear, and it was months ere he recovered from the effects of the ordeal. His residence is on the farm originally improved by John Warner in 1809. The Stokes are from the very best iamilies of "Old V^irginia," and his grand- father, who had married Phoebe Euans, came to Zane Tp., it is said, as early as 1S05, when there were not a dozen white settlers here. He was one of the first to engage in sugar making on a large scale. He served with distinction in the war of 1812, and was a stirring, successful man, and ^'^^s usually known as Capt. Stokes. He raised a family of three sons and five daughters. SAMUEL WAP.NER; retired ; Potters- burg. Of all that noble band of pioneers to whom Zane Tp. owes so much of wiiat she is to-day, none remain of those who came here at the dawn of civilization, except "Uncle Sam Warner." He was born near the little town, Lumberton, on the Naucopus River iu the State of Now Jersey, May 28, 1803, and in May, 1809 his parents started for Oliio, then the "Far West," with their family, consisting of Isaac, then fifteen years old, and David and Jesse, younger than Samuel, and daughters Polly, Hannah and Ann, hinding at John Warners, in Zane, July 2ti, 1809, sick and tired. Of what they, in common with other pioneers suffered, we of to-day, surrounded by the luxuries of the 19th century, h;.ive no conception. He attended school about two weeks at the old schoolhouse at Inskeep's Mill, with its batten door and puncheon floor, and this completed iiis schooling, but not his education; his was too active a mind not to surmount such disadvantages, hence we find him well informed on all subjects and an en- cyclopedia of pioneer life. In 1812 he moved to the north part of the township and followed shoemaking awhile, but in- his own language, his principal occupation has been to foUovr the plow. On .July 4, 182(5, ho married MissPhebe, eldest daughter of Joshua Sharp, born May 29, 1809, and the second female child born in Zane Tp. Here he resided over forty years, raising a family of three children; Abaishai ]., Liorn Dec, 12, 1828; Keturah, Oct. 13, 1830; married D. S. Norvill, and died .fan. 25, 1880; and Miller, born Sept. 0th, 1832. In 1873 Sam Warner sold his farm and went to live with b.is younger son at Pcjttersburg. The latter married Frances Norvill, Dec. 28, 1854. She was born Dec. 2, 1835, in Medina Co. Her father William, was a native of Connecticut and her mother, Diantha (Holly) Norvill, of New York Slate, and were married January ], 1834. He fol- lowed farming until 1871, when he moved to Pottersl-urg and opened a dry goods store the following year, just as the town was open- ing uj). His business career, which opened unr's family there were four lioys and seven girls. He unfortunately was left fatherless at an early age, and receiv- ijig a coninioii school education, he began to work to help sujijjort his mother and sisters, and LOMtinued to help support them until 1839, when ho came to Ameiica, and worked in New York about a year. He then came to Milford Centre. In 184"v' he married Elizalieth Curl, daughter of Charhis Curl, whose sketch appears in another portion of this work. For aliout twelve yt-ars he renteil his landandthen, havingaccurnulated a sullicicnt sum of money, he bought out the farm upon which he now resides. The farm consisted of 100 acres, to which he added until at one time he owned about 400 acres. He has since, however, given to his children and bought land, so that at present he owns 305 acres of excellent land, well watered, with three miles of midcr-drain- age. The land is well ada]ited to the raising of corn and wheat; Mr. Wilson being the largest wheat grower in this township; he has "camps" of 4,500 vessels. He started with just §5, and his farms pay homage to his |)rudence. He has a family of five children — Thomas A., Charles C, .lohn E., Freeland atul .Vlaneti, wlio married Sylvester Devore. Benjamin is u member, of the Episcopal Church, and is strong in tli(! faith of the Mother Church. He is He])ublican. 'J'HO.MAS M. WILSON, retir.d farmer; North Lewisburg; was born in Parish tnllen. County Kings, Ireland, Dec. 27, ISIU, and by occuj>ation is a farmer; he emigrateil to America at the age of 27, and after liis j)as- sage was paid, liad not a cent of money, ow- ing for the clothes he had on his back; he worked his way to Zane Tp., where liis brother resided, and worked for him and various other parties for some time. When the " gold fever " broke out he started for the diggings, crossing the plains with a wagon train, consuming three months and twenty-one days in his passage to California; he remained there for two years, and having accumulated §3,500 in gold, lie returned by steamer to New York, and from thence to his home in Zaiio Tp.; he, true to his instincts, ini- mediat(dy bought a farm of 110 acres, to which he has since added as his pecuniary condition woidd allow until tie now |)06sesses the best improved and most valuable farms in this locality, where a good faini is the rule and a j)oor one the e.\cepli(m. L'pon his farm is a valuable sugar eamj); he has put in 1,000 rods of tiling, which forms an excellent drain, while to add to the attractions of the farm he possesses, in the Big Branch, a sup- ])ly of water indispensable to a stockman. Sept. 18, 1858, he married Miss Maria L. Moore; she was born in New Jersey, her parents coming to Zane Tp. when she was a child; her jiarents were among the pioneers of Zane, and among the first ^lethodlsts. and have always identiti d themsidves with the growth of the township; her brother, Ed- mund Moore, and her brother-in-law. Job Bishop, being especially noted for their zeal anil ]irogressive s|)irit, the latter especially being a wiile-awake, intelligent and enthusi- astic farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are now enjoying their well-earned ease at tlieir liome in North L(>wisburg, contributing their share to everv good work; are consistent members of tli(> Methodist Episcopal Church. AEONZO P. A\'ES'J', farm.-r; P. O., West Middleburg. In noting among the younger men those who independently, by their in- dustry and strict business jirinciples, have accumulated wealth and added to the reputa- tion of Z;ine Tp., Alonzo P. West is espec- ially ilistiiiguished for the jirominent position he has taken in the material advaiu:ement of his townshi]). He. was born in Liberty Tp., May 11, ]S4(;; His father was born May 14. 1818, in Massachusetts, and came to Ohio with his father, where he married .Miss Ann Norvill, also a native of Massachusetts. Alonzo received a limited educatitm, attend- ing school about two months in the year until he was 17 years old, when he entered the array. He joined Co. C, 17th O. V. I., and served two years. He participated in the battles of Mission Kidge, Buzzard's Koost, Kesacca, Kenosaw Mountain, and a numi)crof :r^ ZAX£ TOWNSHIP. C43 minor entragements in North and South Car- olina. While on picket duty near Atlanta, Ga., he was wounded, and remained one month in the hospital. He relates an amus- ing incident of a foraging expedition soon after his recovery. He and a few others left the camp, and, after scouring the country, re- turned with quite a load of provisions. While crossing the river near Galesville, the boat upset and the men lost all their provis- ions, the heavier articles going to the bottom and the ducks, etc., going down stream with the current. The same night they reached tlie camp, and for some time the joke was on them. On his return from the war he entered I he Ohio Wesleyan University, where he re- mained but a short time, and then attended Northwood College for one term. After this he taught school for four winters. He bouglit the present farm from his father, in connection with his brother Allen, and after running it awhile conjointly with him, bought him out and became sole proprietor. Mr. West was married Feb. o, 1871, to Miss Hettie Inskeep, who was a native of Van Buren Co., Iowa, l)ut whose parents, Edward and Isabclle (Downs) Inskeep, were early settlers in Zane Tp. Jlrs. West was a teacher about live years previous to her marriage. Alonzo's farm consists of 120 acres of excellent land, and is one of the oldest improved farms in Zine Tp., having been settled in 1807. The buildings, although built as early as 1820, are in good preservat on, having been built by Joshua Inskeep. There are about 250 rods of hedge around the farm. He has a ctimp of 1,200 trees, from which he produces about 5,000 pounds of sugar annually. He pays, however, particular attention to stock-raising. He has two children — Earl, born Jan. 21, 1872, and Fred, Jan. 2, 1880. JOHN WILSON, farmer; P. O., North Lewisburg; was born in County'Kings, Parish of Gillen, Ireland. April 3, 1824. His parents were Joiin and ilary (iluqiliy) Wilson, and he was reared a farmer; he received a mod- erate education in Ireland, but was compelled to give the greater share of his attention to the farm, upon which he remained untd he was 2G years of age, when he emigrated to America on the steamship Silas Greenman; he landed at New York amidst all the be- wildering influences of that bustling city. Keeping steadily in view, however, the grand purpose of liis life, he started for Ohio, rearoducing abundantly fruits in their season, and the buildings show the care of a well regulated farm. J. W. YOUNG, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., W(!st Middleburg; was born in Columbiana Co., June 11, 1838, and came to Logan Co., when he was 12 years of age; his father was of Irish extraction and was born in 1810. in Beaver Co., Penn.; he followed teaming over the mountains until about his twenty-first year, when he locnted in Columbiana Co., (Jhio, and married Miss Ana Walton, born Aug. 25, PERRY TOWNSHIP. 645 1813. The}'- raised a faiiiil^y of iuii(> children, of whom four arc now living; J. W. Younr^ married Miss Amanda P. Outiand, April 13, 1802; Robert, her father, was born in Znno Tp., Nov. 37, 1808, and died Sept. 1, 1871; her mother, Martiia (Freer), was born in Vir- ginia, Dec. 20, 1808, in Gates Co., and camo to Ohio with her parents when a small child, and located in Warren Co., and died in Zane Tp., April 21, 1880. The former was raised :i Friend and the latter a Methodist. Mr. Young's farm consists of 108 acres, well watered and under-drained, and under the very best state of cultivation, with good buiidino-s. He belongs to the most advanced class of progressive farmers, and never hesi- tates to take advantage of any improvement; he has raised as much as seventy-two bushels of corn to an acre; he has lately turned his attention to fine wool sheep, and has, perhaps, the best flock in the township, the majority of them costing about §100 each, and are regis- tered in the Vermont Register; lie has a choice collection of fruit, especially cherries and plums; he served about four months in the 132ndO. V. I., and was Township Trustee five years; he is a member of East Libcrtv Lodge, F. & A. M., No. 247, and Star Chapter No. 126. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. PERRY TOWNSHIP. GEORGE ARMSTRONG, farmer; P. O., North Greenfield. Among the jolly, good- hearted souls who hail from thi' Emerald Isle is Geoi-ge Armstrong, who was born Feb. 15, 1833, in Ireland. His piarents were Georgi; and Rose (Smith) Armstrong. George immi- grated to this country in 1849, coming west to Chicago; he remained a short time, and then drifted south, landing in Logan Co. In 1855, hew;is married to Rachel Supler, who was a daughter of Samuel and Nancy (Campbell) Su]5ler. Samuel Supler came to this township about the year 1827, from Pick- away Co. He was one among the first who settled in this part of the township; was an excellent man, and highly respected by all who knew him. He died April 23, 1880; his wife in 1877. Mr. Armstrona; resides a short distance east of North Greenfield, and has 225 acres of land, and is among the enterprising and successful farmers in the township. He has a family of seven children — David B., Martha, George R., Nancy, Mary E., Edward and Sarah. He is a member of Wapatoniica Lodue, I. O. O. F., No. 424. MRS. SARAH AUSTIN, retired;* East Liberty; was born July 21, 1811, in Philadel- phia, Pa.; she was a daughter of Henry and Sarah (Custer) Moore, wdio emigrated to this State in 1821, and finally located in Mount Moriah, where they died — he on Feb. 1, 1850, atid she on Oct. 24, 1SG9. On July 25, 1800, she was married to Rev. Carlisle A. Austin, w-ho was born in Now Jersey, Feb. 6, 1804, and moved to East Liberty, O., in 1820, and lor sixty years was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he always took an active part. He was a con- scientious man, and one who never swerved from duty and the truth, and was a man- of acknowledged ability; for several years he held the offi,-es of Justice of the Peace, No- tary Public and Surveyor, and for forty j'ears was a local preacher, and many, through his instrumentality, were brought to the cross of Christ. In matters that pertained to busi- ness, he was successful, leaving after him a good farm and personal property; he died in' the trium])h of faith, April 10, 1870; he was first married to Rebecca Rea. Mrs. Austin, who survives him, resides on the homestead; she is a member of the Methodist Episcopal CJhurch, and has been since six years cf age, when she was converted, and received into the church at the age of seven. HENRY BALLINGER, farmer; P. O., East Liberty; was born June 17, 1814, in Zane Tp.; is the eldest of a family of two children born to Henrj' and Patience (Bishop) Ballinger. His father's name was Joshua, who emigrated to this county during its first settlement, and settled in the woods south of ^J. f.lG BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Mhldlf'hunr. lli'tir^-'s fatlier died bet'ore he was born, his motliiT inarrying again. She rai.sed Iht son to maturity, and Nov. 2.3, ISST, he was niairiccl to Xlebcoca C. Moore, who was born in Now .Jersey' April 15, 1817, and came west with her parents, Henry and Sarah (Ouster) Moore, wiicn she was five years of age. Her grand lather attained a ripe old age. Since Mr. IJaliingor's marriage he lias resided in Perry Tp. When he located, it was one dense growth of forest. Wolves and wild game wen: in abundance. Ili> first pur- chased eighty acres of Duncan McCarthy, of Chillicothe, and the surroinidings at the pres- ent time g-ive but sjight testiino .y of the in- coivenicnces and ob.stucles that attended the settlement of tliese now jiroJuctive lands, that respond annually to the demands of the hus- l>andman. Mr. Ballinger is now in the de- cline of life, and is enjoying the fruits of his honest toil in quiet and peaceful retire- ment. He has been for two score of years a member of the Mi-thodist Episcopal Church, and has endeavored to ornament his jirofession by a Christian-like walk and conversation. Four children have been born to him — Mary, Laynon. TlKMniis anil II -nrv. L. G. BALLING Kit, f.irmc^r; I'. ()., West Miildleburir; was boin .March 2.'J, 1843; son of John and .Margaret (Daugh'Ttv) Ballinger. John Ballinger was born in New Jersey, Oct. 7, 17'.)('', and emigrated to Ohio, locating in Zane 'J'p.; his w.fe was born .May "29, 1811, she being his second wife. They were mar- ried on the farm now owned by Levi, whose father dieii Aug. 14, 18(18; and mother, March 29, 1870. Seven children were born to them. During his life he was a member of the Free A\'ill Baptist Church. At the ajre of seven- teen, Levi enlisted in Co. C, 17th O. V. I., and served three years, and was a true and worthy soldier; he was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga; was struck in tiie nerk with a Minnie ball. The Federal army falling back, he was left on the battle-field and fell into the hands of the enemy. His brother, ]3avid D., was in the same company, and was shot dead on the field, and was never seen afterwards. Levi, after being in the hands of the enemy a short time, was exchanged, and returned to his regiment. Upon his return home, he ri'Siimeinto him — Franklin, Thomas, Deloino, Klla M. and Louisa. The Ballingers are true Republicans. OLIVKR S. BALLINGER, farmer; P.O., Ea-st Liberty; was born Sept. 14, 18:i9; is the filth son and seventh child of Joshua anil Delilah (fnskcep) Ballinger; .Joshua was born in February, 18(12, in Burlington Co., N. J., and emigrated to this State with his father, Samuel Ballinger, who settled in wliat is now known as Zane Tp., in 1809, where he re- mained until his death, which occurred on Sept. 8, 1873. His wife was born in 180S, in Zane; they were both members of the Prot- estant Methodist Church. At the aire of 22, Oliver ejilisted in Co. C, 17th O. V. I., and served three years, and was a true and val- iant soldier, who participate 1 in nearly all the prominent battles in which his reginent was engaired; he was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, and was there taken prisoner; he received his discharge, and, returning home, engaged in farming j>ursuits in connec- tion with his brother. At the age of 20, he was marrii'd to Louisa A. Garwood, who was boiri in November, 18.51, in Zane Tp.; she is a daughter of Lemuel and Angelina (Warren) Garwood; they have four children — Lydia I., born June 5, 1871; Samuel, June 20, I8r3; .\ugusta, June 28, 1875; Angelina, .May 30, 1879. H(> is a memlier of the A., F. & A. .\1. He and hisbnjther have 450 acres of choice land-. ROIiFRT DFCKIN.SON, farmer: P. O., N children in the family, all of whom lived to be married. The tirst death that occurred in the family was after the ]ier- son had attained the age of 40. Milton was the second of the family. His father's name was George R. Green, who immigrated to this State in 1800, stopjiingin Clarice Co. until the following year, and settled in what is now Logan Co., in Monroe Tp., on the Mackarhack. ]-Ierc he settled and was one of the staunch and true men of that cmiIv time. He was for sev- eral years engaged in the local work of the Methodist Church, and attended to his tem- poral alFairs as well. He (.li'^d Sept. 7, 18i!"2. His wife survived him until Mav 7, 187t). Milton lived a bachelor until ho was 35. On Nov. 3, 1859, he was married to Mrs. Sarah Devore. She was a daughter of C. H. Aus- tin; her mother was Rebecca Rav. TIk-v S(;ttled here on the rami where Mr. Green now lives. Here his wife was born, in 1S:51. They have six children — Lillie, Peony, Rosa, Re- becca. Delia May and Milton M. Mr. Green, like his ancestors, is true to Republican prin- ciples. He has 400 acres of land. JOHN GWYNN, farmer; 1". O., West Manslield; was born Oct. X'T, IS4:!, in .Jeffer- son T])., and was the lifth chiM of .Fohn and Glielma (McMillen) Gwynn. In his'^'dth year, he enlisted in the llWd re-riment, Cn. I,0. N. G., and, serving out his term of enlistment, re-enlisted in Co. K, 88th O. V. L, and re- mained until the close of the war, receiving his discharge July 4, 18G5; returniuLT home, he engaged in farming. On Nov. :50, ISiii, he was united by nuirriago to Ann Eli/a llarri- man, only daughter of Stpj)lien and Harriet llarriman, who was born in this townshi)) in September, 1842; they reimiiiied on the home farm after mnrriage, until 18(i9, when they located on the pike, one mile west of Mans- lield, th ■ir presi-nt place of residence, having 139A^ acres of latid; they have two interest- ing children — Minnie, born July 1(5, 1871, and Frank, July ^7, 1875. He is a member of White Lodge, L O. O. F., No. 57ii; both he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. HHL\M HARSHFIELD, farmer and stock raiser. One of the most pnnninent farmers in this township is Hiram Harslifiehl, who is prominently identifie I with (he agricultural interests of this township; he was born in Richland Co., Oct. 23, 1834; his parents were David and Elizabeth (Beckley); tlu; former was a native of Germany and emigrated to America to escape empressment in the army; he came to Virginia, and afterwards was mar- ried to Miss Becklev. The family emigrated to this State and located in Richland Co. Hiram was raised for farming pursuits, and remained with his parents until his marriage to Elizabeth Nash, which event occurred Oct. 23, 180G; she was born in Clinton Co., Ohio, Aug. 29, 1840, and is a daughter of John I Nash, one of the highly respected citizens of this township. Five children have iieen lii rn i to them, who are — Estella, Orlando, Franklin, Omar and Pearl H. He and his wife are members of the Disciples Church. His farm, consisting of 375 acres, ranks among the best of the county, 300 acres of which is umler cultivation. Stock-raising is one of the in- terests in which he is enga<;ed. STEPHEN HARRI-MAX, farmer; P. O., Noith Greenfield; is the second eldest of the Harriinan family now living; he was born in Washington Co., Pa., Dec. 29, 1817, and is a son of Simpkin and Sarah (Green) llarriman, who were blessed with a family of tliirte(Mi children. Simi)kin's father was David Hani- in.in, who was liorn in Maryland and removed to Washington, Pa., ]irior to the war of the Revolution, where iMinpkin was born, 1788. He married in 1800, and emigvated west in 1825, locating where David Harriinan, Jr., lives; here Simpkin remained until his death, i which occurred Feb. 4, 1872, and his wife in October, 1808. Stephen's grandmother was Phoebe Kirk belore mariiage, but she afterwards married Nehemiah Green, who served all through the wjr of the Revolution. Simpkin Harriinan was a graduate, and during iiiS life was mostly engaged in teachinir. Re- turning to David — he was raised to farming. PEKRY TOWNSHIP. 649 and at he age of 17 began for himself; at the age of 2'^, on Jan. 16, 1840, he was united in matrimony to Harriet Watkins, born in Jeffiirson Tp., Sept. 18, 1816; she is a daugh- ter of James Knd Nancy (White) Watkins. The Watkiiises are from Sussex Co., Va., and came west in 1816, and located in the south- ern part of Jefferson Tp. James W. died in 1862; his wife in 1852. For a time after Stephen was married, he lived on the Harri- man farm, but in February, 1845, he moved to the northern ])art of Perry, where he has since resided, first purchasing sixty acres; he has now 268 acres. Of five cliildren born to him four are living — ^^'illiam H., born Nov. !l, 1840; enlisted in 1861, in Co. A, 15th U. S. Regulars; after serving three years in the war, he was taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, anddied in Andersonville pris- on, a martyr to his country; Ann E.. Viorn Sept. 20, 1842, now Mrs. John Gwynn; Shepherd, ]Jec. 22, 1852, now a minister in Kansas; Thomas, Aug. 8, 1854, on home farm. Mr. Harriman and wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. SAMUEL N. HATCHER, farmer; P. O., Zanestield; was born May 23, 1827, on the farnj he now owns, which is situated in the west ])art of tlie township; he is the eldest son born to Uaniel and Hope Garwood. Daniel was born in Loudoun Co., Va., and emigrated to this State with his ently in Logan Co., and purchased 500 father Isaac, who finally located perman- acies of unimproved land in Perry Tp. Sain- ui'l was married in April, 1848, to Mary Ann Rhodes, who was born in Maryland, 1829, (laughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Siddle) Rhodes — locating on the farm he now has, and has since lived, with the exception of seven years spent in Montgomerj^ Co., Ind. He liked the country, and would have remained, but on account of his father's ill health he yielded to his solicitations and returned to the homestead. His wife died in 1869, leaving nine children, which are — Sarah Ann, now Jlrs. Aaron Taylor; Elizabeth H., now Mrs. John Mc.\tee; Mary A., now Mrs. Perry Tsen- hart, of Preble Co., Ohio.; Daniel, Samiiel N., Emma J., Carrie, Fannie, Anna Victoria, now Mrs, Jacob Stanley, of Monroe Township. In February, 1870, he married Sarah Outland, born in this county in 1837. She was a daughter of Jerry Outland, who married a But er. One child, Charley, has been born to them, whose age is now 6 years on the p;ist July 2d. Jlr. Hatcher has 199.10 acres of land, according to the late survey. The old log house yet remains in the yard which he assisted in building, and which was his first to keep house in. He and wife are members of the Free-Will Baptist Church. In 1872, he was burned out by an accidental fire, in which was lost his house and almost the entire contents. Politically he is not in the majority in his township, which is stroinj-K' Republican. A. G. HEATH, carpenter. East Liberty; born in Clinton Co., N. Y., Jan. 14, 1834; son of Jesse and Hannah (Allen) Heath. The former was born in Vermont, Juno 20, 1810. His wife is a relative of Ethan Allen of historic fame. The grandfather of A. G. was born in Hampstead, N. H., Dec. 25, 1782; his name was John, and he married Hannah Darling, who- was born Jan. 14, 1790, in the same state as her husband. A. G. emigrated west with his parents in 1835, to Tuscarawas Co., then to Stark, and while there learned the carpen- ter's trade with his father. Jn 1855, ho came to Logan Co., and the year following was married to Alary E. E. Austin, 1)orn July 27, 1840, in Perry Tp., Ohio. She was a daughter of Caleb and Ellen (Shanks) Austin. Allen's father has since married Mrs. Austin, the mother of his (Allen's) wife. In August, 1862, Allen enlisted in Co. C, 45th O. V.'l., servino- as mounted infantry for eighteen months; was color sergeant in his regiment, carrying the same the entire; term of his service, and" flaunted the Stars and Siripcs to the gaze of the foe during every battle in which the regiment was engiged. U]i(m his return home, he resumed his trade and run the hotel for twelve years in East Liberty. He has four children living — Nellie, Ida M„ AVilmot and Jonah C. He is a member of I. O. O. F. and A., F. & A. M. at East Liberty, and census enumerator for 1880. JOHN HEATH, farmer; P. O., East Lib- erty; was born Jan. 25, 1835, in Cuyahoga Co., Ohio; in early life he attemled school, having very good common school advantages afforded him; his parents were Jesse and Hannah (Allen) Heath, who were natives of Vermont; after a sojourn in several of the ^ 'A: 6")0 BIOGRAPHICAL -SKETCHES. inland counties, the family came to Loj^an Co. in 1S.5.'>; John's father was a carpenter, which Imsiness he followed for several years, a vocation which was never patronized by his son John, who for several years clerked in a store at Massillon. At the age of 28, lie was married to Eliza liandall, who was bnm in this township; she was a daughter of Josepli Randall; slie died December, 1875, leaving one child, Gary F., born August, 1870. His present wife is Hope Hatcher, born in this township in l.Sii'; is daughter of John Hatcher. Since 1870, he has resided on the farm be now owns, located west of East Lib- erty. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. DAVID IIOGUE, farmer; P. O., West Mansfield; was born in Liberty Tp. May 29, 1844, and was a son of George and Jane (Bol- linger) Hoguo; they were born in Cumberland Co., Pa. and came west about the year 1834, and were parents to the major number of eighteen children, David being the youngest; his fallier died wlien David was a lad. He was thus thrown upon his own resources early in life. He lived live years with C'yi us Bell, of Bi)kes Creek Tp., who gave him employ- ment and good counsel. On Jan. 17, 18();5, he was marrieil to Susannah Hami.ton, who was born Jan. 17, 1)S:5'.J, in Fayette Co., Pa., and came west in 1800. Her ]>arents were ^\'il- liam ami Susannah (Bear) Hamilton, both na- tives of the Keystone State. In 18G4, Mr. Hogue came to this farm. He first bought fil'tv acres at S'24 per acre, and has since aug- mented his first purchase \nitil he now has \o'l}^ acres; the greater portion he has ac- quired by his own labor, assisted by his faith- ful wife, who has had the misroitune to lose her hearing from a severe illness since her marriage. She is a devoted Christian woman, a member of the Methodist E|>isci))al Cluirch. They have four chihlren — .Maiv J., Iinrn Nov. 4, 18G4; Kmnui E., April 23, isOS; Kena V., Dec. 24, lb71; and Robert. Nov. 7, 1S71. GAPT. J. D. INSKEEP, farmer; ]'. O.; East Liberty; is a gramlson of John liiskcep, who was born in 1784 in N'irginia, and emi- grated to this State in liSllG, locating in what is now /aneT])., and at one time represented his district in Congress. Thirteen children were born to him; ten of the number arrived at maturity, David , Inskeep, his son, was born April 17, 1813, in Zane Tp., and was married Oct. 20, 1833, to Martha Downs, and in 1841 located in Perry Tp., two and a half miles north of East Liberty, where ho lived until his death, which occurred Aug. 24, 18.51, leaving eight children — ,)ohn D., being the eldest; Catharine, Mrs. R.N. \'anhyning; Josephine, Mrs. H. C Dickinson; David F.; Elizabeth, Mrs. J. H. Skidmore; Esther, Mrs. Ezra t)utland; Mary, Mrs. J. W. Skidmore, and Hulda, at home. John was born in Zane, Se])t. 2, 1834, and was raised to farming pur- suits, and whose educational advantages were but ordinary', yet they were well improved. On Aug. 25, IfiOl, he enlisted as private in Co. C." 17th O. V. I., and on June 24, 1802, was j)romoted to Second Lieutenant, and served as Adjutant until June 30, 180-!, when he was jiromoted to Captain, ami plac(*d in connnand of his company, until March, ]8()5, when he acted as Major until the close of the war. During tlu> greater part of his last year's service he servi'd as Judge Advocate of courts-martial. There were no better soldiers or more competent officers in the positions he filled than he. Receiving his discharge July 20, 1805, he returned to liis farm, and has since been engaged in agri- cultural pursuits; is yet unmarried, evidently prel'<>rring the society of his mother and sister to those not akin. He is an enthusiastic and worthy inembcr of the Masonic order, a man of excellent information, a gentleman and a worthy mcnd>er of society, and stanch Re- publican. F. E. JAMES, merchant; P. O., East Lib- erty. Prominent among the substantial men of this township, who have since ilieir birth been identifiiNl with the interests of the coun- ty, is Frank E. .lames, who was born in this township March 0,182'.), the .second soncif Thomas and Mary (Smith) James. The James family are of Scotch, and the Smiths of Irish extraction. Thomas was born in York Co., Pa., at the beginning of the pres- ent century, and was carried acro.urchased i.37acr3) in F^ake Co., where ho remained oi ly one y -ar. In 18C3, h(> came to Perry, wheie he pui chased IfiG acres of land, situated one jniie west of East Liberty. He has recently built new buildiiiffs thrfinghout, anil is one of the prominent and thrifty farm- ers in this township, and knows how every dollar he now has was obtained. Of a family of ten children l»orn him, but six are now liv- ing — Mary E., Adelia M., wife of D. .Manpiis; Irena, Elinor E., Emma, Robert F. Mrs. John- ston's mother has recently died. She was born in Huntington Co., Pa., Feb. 3, 1801. At the age of '.), the family moved to Bea- ver Co., where they lived until thi; close of the war of 1812. Her father and ehlest brother served in the same — were in the battle ot 'J'hamos and Ltuidy's Lane, and afterwards emigrated Xd the month of Black River, near Cleveland. While here, she washed four handkerchiefs for President Monroe, who gave her .50 cents, which she kept nniny years. She died inu<'h lamented bv all who knew her — a kind mother, and having many excel- lent virtues. JOHN KENNEDY, farmer; P. O., North Greenfield; born ,Iune 24,1823, in Harrison • Co., C).; son of Hugh and Catharine Kennedy, who were natives of County Tyrone, Ireland, and emigrated to America, and iimilly to Har- rison Co., antl died soon afterwards, leaving .lohn an orjihaii, who was bound out by the Ov- erseers of the Poor to a man by the name of Flemining, until he was twenty-one. After at- taining Hi years of age, 1)\- mutual consent he left Fleming, and attended school, to (mable him to read and write; after this he bound himself to Francis Burkham, and staid with him until his 2Ist year; he then hired to Edwanl Ball, for two years, in Mnskinu;um Co.; subs((|uentiy he went to Virginia, Penn- svlvania, Kentucky and Tennessee, and liiudly started for California in 184!). After reach- ing St. Joseph, Mo., his money was sjient, and he returned to Ohio; and after visiting Iowa, Wisconsin ami Illinois, he returned to Mus- kingum Co. in 18.50, ami worked out by the job. That year he was married to Martha Welch, a native of Muskingum, her parents being among its first settler.s. After his mar- riage ho rented land, and afterwards ])ur- chased fifty-seven acres at *;28 per acre, bnilt him a caliin, and cut off the tind)er. Five years afterwards he sold out j:nd moved to Thompson Tp., in Del.iware Co., and pur- chaseil KM) acres, which lie kept ten years, and, came to this township iii IS;:!, .Sept. 10, and pin-chased 117 acres, where he now re- sides; known as the Winner farm; since then ho has added to it, until he now has 242 -.^ PERRY TOWNSHIP. 653 acres, and is to-day one of the stanch and able farmers of the townshij). His wife died M:iy 3, 1850, leaving two chihh-en— Jerome W., now of Union Co., and Alice F., now Mrs. H. Roberts. His present wife was Chris- tiana Ann Ashtnore, born Oct. 8, 1838, in Muskingum Co., daughter of William and Eliza (Cooper) Ashmore, who were from the Emerald Isle. Seven children have crowned this union, as follows^Mary I., Nancy J., Emma V., Clara E., John W., James R., and Dora E.; six of wliom arc now living. He and wife are members of the .Methodist Epis- copal Church. He is also a member of the Masonic Order, Mt. Carmel Lodge, No. 303; has alwavs been an uncompromising temper- ance man, and true to the political principles laid down bv Henry Clav. inCHAEL KLINE, "fanner; P. O. East Liberty; born in BelmOnt Co., Ohio, in 1831; son of Michael and Phebe (Condit) Kline; the former was born in Hagerstown, JId., March 8, 1789, and \*as wed to Phebe Condit Jan. 1-1, 1819, who was born Nov. 12, 1800, and by this marriage nine children were born — Ira, Michael, Isaac, Samuel B., Jonas, Mar- garet, Sarah L., Eunice and Hannah, all of whom lived to raise families of their own; George Kline, the grandfather of our subject, was a native of Germany, and there married Susan Bishop; Michael's father and grand- father both were blacksmiths, which vocation the former followed for thirty years; about the year 1820, the family removed to Belmont Co., and engaged in farming, to which busi- ness Jlichael was reared during his early boy- hood, but subsequently learned the tanner's trade; taught school several terms, and made the best use of his time. April 30, 1845, was married to Sarah Wcatherby, who was iiorn Sept. 36, 1826, near Middleburg, Zane Tp.; daughter of Benjamin and Sarah (Mathes) Weatherby; Mr. Kline has had a marked and varied career; was raised a farmer, taught school, learned the tanner's trade, was en- gaged in the grocery business at West Lib- erty; also run a bakery eight years in Picka- way Co.; owned at one time a farm in Union Co.; in 1869, moved to the southeast corner of Perry, and lias since resided, having 100 acres of land and good improvements, and is a snug and successful farmer; in making his start, was poor and no backers, and although having security money to meet and other pecuniary difficulties to encounter, has at last made a success; has a good farm and no in- cumbrances. He is a member of the Metho- dist Protestant Church, and has served in a ministerial capacity in that body, being regu- larly ordained. Eigiit children have been born him, but three living — Sarah L., Han- nah M., Al. Louis Cletus. JOHN F. LUKENS, farmer; P. O., North Greenfield; was born Jan. 7, 1824, in Warren Co;, O.; is a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Fawceit) Lukens. The Fawcetfs arc of Irish extraction, and came to Ohio in 1822. John's parents were married in 1819, and re- moved to this State when the country was new, and John was innured to privation and hard labor; having a keen thirst for knowl- edge, he applied himself closely, and soon mastered the common branches; in 1S45, he began teaching anil continued his course of study; one of his preceptors was A. G. Gregg. On Jan. 1, 1863, he was united by marriage to Miss Louisa K. Swartz, of Stark Co., a lady of talent and culture, a graduate of Mt. Union College, and daught:'r of Martin and Hannah (Southcard) Swartz; he was horn March 28, 1797, and was a local preacher for fifty years; his wife, Jan. 10, 1799; he died Sept! 1, 1878; she, March 2, 1880. Joseph Lukens, the father of John, was born Aug. 31, 1795; Jonathan, his father, and the grand- father of John, was born June, 175S. Mr. Lukens has a large farm of about 250 acres, and he ranks among the best farmers in the county, and does a deal of head farming; neat and tidy in his work, he requires those in his employ to exercise the same taste; his fences and gates, as well as all the appliances that are about him, are models for imitation; he is a man of sound judgment, and has a mind well stored with facts and useful information; he is a progressive man and keeps pace with the times in literature and the improvements of the day; in short, he is one of the best scholars in the township; he is thoroughly jjractical, is as good a surveyor as necessity might require, somewhat eccetitric in his manner, yet of honest and intelligent convic- tions; a strictly moral man, temperate and with an innate regard for truth and ujirightncss; he has one child onlv, a youth of some promise. JANE P. MARMON; P. O., Zanesfield; it k.\ GJ4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. is a (Imigliter of John and Elizabeth Johnson. Mr. Johnson was a native of North Carolina, horn about the year 1761, and emigrated to this State with the Maruion family, who came about the year 1807, making their permanent residence in Stark Co., where our subject was bom. May "^9, 1815. There were nine in the family — eight sisters and one brother — her father dying in 1836 and his wife in 1840. Joseph Marmon was born Dec. 2I1, 1818, in Jefferson Township, to whom our subject was united by marriage. He was a son of Eihiiond and Sarah Stanton, both of whom were natives of North Carolina. Since their marriage, they have remained on the ])lace wliere they set- tled. Ills death occurred Dec. "^7, 1876, leav- ing no issue. He was a member of the So- ciety of Friends, and was a warm friend of the bondmen, beincr ever ready at all times to serve them, giving his time and money with- out grudging, and at times placing his lile in j(?opiirdy in their behalf; was of a sympa- thetic and benevolent turn of mind, and ever ready to serve a friend. Since the death of her husband, Mrs. Marmon has resided on the farm, Mrs. Sarah A. Potee and husband resid- ing wiih her. She was a daughter of Fred- erick and Martha (Marmon) Sager. Mr. and Mr.-i. Potee have one son — .loseph M., born March 2.5, 1878. .Mrs. .Mainion was born in tiie Friends' Church. L. B. MlGEF, farmer; P. O., West Mansfield; is the youngest of a family of seven childn-n; he was born in Jeffersor! Tp., December, 1834. His father's name was William, who mariii.Ml .lane Pojie; he was a Keiituikian by birth; born in January, 1788, and emigrated to this State in 1811; was a soldier in the war of 1812, after which he settled on the farm owned by William Dunlap, of Jefferson Tp., where he purchased 164 acres of land, about the year 1821. Here he lived until his death, which occurred in April, 1S69, his wife tiying in November, 1864. Leonard was married in 1858 to Eusebia A. Ibirriman, who was born in this township, in A|iril, 1810, anil was a ilanghter of David and Elizabeth Ilarriman. After his marriage, he moved to the home i>lace, then to the Ilarriman farm, and lived there until 1875, when he came to his |>resent ])lace of abode, situated in the northwest jiart of the town- ship. The McGec family seems Ux have been always identified with Democracy, and its principles they have adhered to. He is a mendier of White Lodn;e, No. 576, I. O. O. F. JOHN NASH, farmer: P. O., East Liberty; was born Sept. 22, 1811, in Westmoreland Co., Pa; he is a son of Nathan, who was a son of Edward; they were born in Maryland. John emigrated to this State with his parents in 1817, to Green Co., where they remained a short time; they then moved to Licking Co. His mother's name was Mary Jane Ward, be- fore marriage, wliose family came from Eng- land. The Nash family are descendants from "Erin's Green Isle.' John's grandparents on both sides, were soldiers in the war of the Revolution. John Nash, our subject, began life poor, his mother dying when he was very young. The family was broken up and he launched out to do for himself, and soon be- came innured to privation and severe toil. When he acquired means, he purchased a team and teamed several years to Cincinnati, be- fore the era of railroads. In Dec. 27, ]8;3S, he was married to Elizabeth A. Peterson, born in Hardy Co., Va., Dec. 13, LSOK, daughter of Jacob and Hannah Stoakly. all of Virginia, afterwards settled in Clintim Co. After Mr. Nash was married, he settled in Clinton Co., and was engaged in farming, where he lived until I860." He then moved to this townshij), where he bought 15() acres of land, one mile west of East Liberty, where lie now resiiles. He has five ehildriMi — Hannah E. born Aug. 29, 1840 (now .Mrs. Hiram Haishlield); .\my C, born Feb. 7, 1842 (.Mrs. Preston J. Thorii- ton, of Siiliiie Co., Mo.); Mary .1., liorn April 27, 1844 (Mrs. Marion Vunica, of .Monroe Tp.); Maria L., born July 13, 1846 (Mrs. L. Ballinger, of Hardin Co.), and William F., born July 11, 1849, was married July 24, 1873 to Catharine Vogel, born in Dearborn Co.,Ind., .March 21, 1857, daughter of Michael and Barbara (Dellaman) V'o^el, both born in Germany. They had live children, Mrs. Nash being the eldest, lli-r moliier- is deceased — her father is a resident of Cincinnati. Three children were born to William F. Nash and wife — Charles A., born June 26, 1S74, Clar- issa B., July 12, 1878, infant deceased. Wil- liam resides with his parents. H.s father, whose name heads this page, is now fast approaching 70 years; he is an excellent citi- zen, a worthy and accommodating neighbor. J. ^ PERRY TOWXSHIP. 655 and has this to say: he has noversuedrr been sued. He has an excellent farm of 100 acres in a desirable location, and a rare spring of White Sulphvir, and his orchard contains sev- en tj'-five varieties of apples. WALTER PAINTER, farmer; P. O., East Liberty; was born April 14, 1811, while on his way to this State from Lancaster Co., Pa. His ]iarents were Abraham and Sarah (Branson) Painter, both natives of the Old Dominion. The family, upon their arrival here, first loca- ted at what is now known as East Liberty, making a purchase soon after their arrival. Jn 1817, they moved to Jefferson Tp., and located land where Alexander .Jamison now lives. This land was finally " swapped " for the ])!ace now owned by Philip Crouse, west of Zanesfield. This his father cleared up, and remained on the same until his death, whieli occurred Sept. 4, 1834. There were eight children in the family, Walter being the fourth in number. His father, Abraham, was born in Frederick Co., Va., April 1,1781. His wife, Sarah, was born in the same county, April 8, 1785. She died in Zane Tp., Nov. 'i.i, 1845. Their marriage took place Sept. 3, 1807. Walter left home at 32. On Sept. 11, 1834, he was married to Hope Haines, who was born Feb. 19, 1816, in Champaign Co., daughter of Joseph and Rachel (Ballinger) Haines. He was born in Virginia — she in New Jersey. They emigrated West in 1800, and settled in what is now Zane Tp., Logan Co. After Mr. Painter was married, he worked near Middlebura: and settled where ho nov/ lives in 183G. It was then "all woods," he being the first settler in this "neck of woods." He has 150 acres. Of eight children born him but three are now living — Abncr. on Mill Creek; Abraham, in Indiana; Alfred, on farm adjoining. Mr. Painter has been a hard worker and seen a deal of pio- neer life. JOSHUA POWELL, farmer; P. O., West Mansfield; born Feb. 13, 1834, in Columbiana Co. His parents were Henry and Rachel (Fowler) Powell. He was born in Germany, and came to America when a lad, and was bound out to a man by the name or Nubo. Joshua was raised to farming pursuits. His parents were poor, and were unable to give their children any pecuniary assistance. At the age of 25 he was married to Lovina Fisher, who was born in Portage Co., daughter of Charles and Minerva (Alfred) Fisher, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania. The first purchase of land Mr. Powell made was sixty acres in Summit Co., at §10 per acre, which was disposed of three years afterwards at 830 per acre. In 1853 he came to Logan Co., purchasing 113 acres at $0.50 per acre, which was across the line in Union Co. Four years afterward he sold it for $13 per acre, after clearing a portion of the timber. Since 1853 he has been a constant resident of the county. He now has 183 acres of land, and well improved, large and commodious larin- house newly built, and everythinn- al)Out him are monuments to his industry and persever- ance. Beginning life poor, ho has worked his way up from poverty to comfort and plenty. Having enough of this world's goods about him for his maintenance, he is now leading a comparatively retired life, enjoying the fruits of his labor. He now has his- second wife; she was Minerva Fisher before marriage, and si.ster to his first companion, who died May 18, 1867. Eight children were born them; but seven survive, who are Nancy A., now Mrs. James Skidmore, of Union Co.; Charles Henry, Thomas W., Melissa, Mrs. R. Hindle; Edgar, Sarah J. and Harriet E. He and fam- ily are all members of the Free- Will Baptist Church. His last marriage was in November, 1809. His early educati(Ki was entirely neg- lected. Schools were scarce, and at subscrip- tion rates. JOHN REYMER, farmer; P. O., East Lib- erty; was born Jan. 17, 1831, on the same farm he now owns. His father, Henry, was born in New .Jersey, March 3, 1795, in Pem- berton Co., and niarried Rachel Wills, the mother of our subject, in 1817, and came west in 1830, and located permanently in the south- west part of the township, and cleared up the farm novT owned bv John, his son. He died, 1853, one of the uprig-ht and worthy citizens. His father was born in Germany, and came to this country when nine years of age, and after his arrival in America, served nine years to pay for his passage over. John was raised to farm- ing, and to severe labor. On June 38, 1844, he was married to Lavina Black, born near Mingo, Champaign Co., in the yenr 1818. She was a daughter of John and Sarah (Tay- lor) Black, both natives of Pennsylvania, and GoC BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. [ came out to tliis county previous to the " '12 war," ami was a participant in that luipleas- antness. Since tlie marriage of Mr. Reymer, he has resirlcd constantly on the lioniestead. Three children have been born to tliem, who are — Joshua S., born in 1845; died Feb. 5, lS7:i; .lames M., born Dec. 'H), 1847; Henry H., born Aug. '^S, lb53. He lias loO acres of land, well watered by the best of springs. Henry remains with liini on the farm, and was married to Viola Sharp, daughter of Joshua and Catherine (Norsille) Sharp. Henry is of an ingcnioiis turn. He is a worthy niend^er of the Protestant .Methodist Church. LINAL II. ROBSON, farmer; P. O., North GreenKeld; born Jan. 7, 18o'.), on the farm he now resides upon, situated two and one- half miles north of East Liberty. His pa- rents were William and Mary (McGary) Rob- son. William Robson, his father, was a na- tive of England, born Feb. 24, 17'Jii, in North- umberlamlsliire, and emigrated to America, landing in Pennsylvania, when a lad of six- teen. His mother was of Pennsylvania birth, born July 22, 1810. After his parents' mar- riage they emigrated to this county, in Octo- ber, IS.ili, and settled on the farm now owned by Linal, whirh was vmimproved. Here they made their liome, remaitdng initil removed by the hand of death — his death occurring about the year lS4j, on Aug. IG; her's Dec. 10, 187G. l^inal has since remained on the homestead. t)n Aug. 2, 18(12, he was mar- ried to .Mary 1,. Wirnier, who was born in this township, January, 1844, She was a daughter of John and .Margaret (Snuth) Winner, both natives of Pennsylvania, and were among the earlv arrivals in this part of tlie country. Eiglit childreii are now living, who are — Mc- Clellan, Rogers, Irn, Maggie, Alamander, Or- pha, Jane, l^utitia and Elizabeth. His farm consists of 148A- acres of laiul. The Robson familv are Jeffersonian Democrats. MRS. ANN E. SIIARl'; P. O., East Liberty; was born in Columbus, Oct. '■), 1817; she is a daughter of Deiijamin and Sarah (Muthis) Wi.'alherby, who were mitives of the Atlantic Slates, and were among the early arrivals in tliis State, settling in this township prior to the yiar 1820; on Oct. 12, 1834, she was marru-d to .(i«b IL Sliaqi, who was born in Logan Co., .\pril 10, 181 1 ; he was a son of Joshua and Elizabeth (liallengcr) Sharp. Soon after their marriage they located near Middleburg, where they resided three voars, and subsequently made several changes, finally locating in Perry Tp., in 1841. where he remained until his death, which occurred April 29, 1880; ho was a member of the .Masonic Order; w\is a Royal Arch and was alliliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Eleven children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Shar]), nine living — Aaron W., Victoria and Eloria (twins), David R., Webster L., Lodusky C, Ileploria, William T. and Caleb B. She has 140 acres of land, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A. W. SHARP, farmer; P. O., East Lib- erty; was born in Zane Tp., Aug. 5, IS.'lo, son of Job H. and Ann E. (Weatherby) Sharp. At the age of 13, Aaron went to learn the tanner's tratle, which he followed for fovirteen years. In 18G1 he engaged in mer- chandising: at Lewisburg, which business lie conducted until 18G8. In 1870 he moved to Perry Tp. and purchased 150 acres of land, located one mile and a half southeast of town. On Nov. 2!), 18G1, he was married to Eliza- beth Evans, who was born in I-aiicaster Co., Pa., Feb. G, 183'.l, and was 9 years of age when she came out with her parents, Aaron S. and Rebecca (Danielj Evans. Three chiMren are the fruit of the marriage, who are — B;'S- sie R., born Jan. G, 18G3; Aaron W., Jan. 3, 1871; Prentice H., Sept. 4, 1878. The Sharp family are among the first who cam(< into wh.it is now Zane T]>. The father of Job Sharp came from England to the Carol iiias during the reign of George IlL, and was commis- sioned by him as surveyor. Job Slnrp, who was the great-grandfath(>r of A. W., came from New Jersey and settled first in Culpep- per Co., Va., 1797, remaining there until 1799, when he emigrated to Ohio, and reached what is now Zane Tp., on Christmas day of the same year, and settled on a tract of 1,000 acres of land, which he had exchanged for lanil in Virginia. His son was nami'd Joslma, and was born in 1784, he was the lather of Job H., the father of Aaron W., who is now the oldest living representative of the Sharp family. DANIEL SKIDMORE, farmer; P. O., West .Manslield; was bora April 2, 1802, in Loudoun Co., Va.; is the fourth child of Wil- liam and Mary (Randall) Skidmorc, who Tls- areiits died, his father in 1843, and mother afterwards. IJ|)on the Vernon side of the liouse, the family came from England; uj)on the Bald- win, or mother's siile, they name from Ireland, in October, 1843. Mr. Vernon came to Logan Co., and located in Perry Tp., March 'J, 1837. M'hile in Columbiana County he was united in marriage to Matilda Di.xoii, daughter of Henry and Ruth (Jackson) Dixon, Loth nativi'S of Rod Stone, Pa. Hit mother was the daughter of Samuel Jackson, who was an extensive manufacturer at Red Stone. Mrs. Verno?) died, leaving him nine children, all of them living — Minerva (Mrs. George Harper) of Polk Co., Iowa; Mary E. (Mrs. Richard Dickisoii); Ralph, at home; Levi, in Washington Co., Kan.; William, in Green Co., Iowa; Lucinda (Mrs. C. .lohnson); George, in Green Co., Iowa; Emilv (Mrs. William Brockerniaii), M. D., in Harjier; Erastus, at homo. His present wife was Miss Sarah Harshfielil, born 1835, in Riclilan Zane Tp., and settled near Middleburg. William began poor; he first hired out to work at ^9 per month; then worked three years at the car- penters' trade. On Aug. 25, 1830, he was unitefl by marriage to Ann K. Faulkner, who was born in Greene Co., O., March 30, 1818; her parents were Jesse and Hannah Shep- heard, wlio came from West Virginia. Af- ter \\'illiau\ married, he began renting. His first ])urchase was 28(1 acres of lanil, at ?il.50 per acre, in the "Green Woods."' which he paiil for i)y renting. Before mak- ing his jiermanent settlement where he now resides, he made several changes, but during all this time kept steadily at work, doing a g-reat deal of ))ioneer labor. In 1858, he located near North Greenfield, ])urchasing 117^ ncr. s of land, and has accunndated 272 acres. He has but om> child — Mary E., born in 184-1. Four children were born him; he lost one son, Davius family came originally from England; John's mother's mother was Delilah Wright; his father's mother was a Taylor, .lolni was 17 when his parents came to this country and settled in the " woods." John was the eldest of a family of nine children; his father purciiascd 100 acres in this town- ship — not a stick had been cut on the place. John remained with his father until 25 3'ears of age. In ISi'-i he was married to Patience Haines, born in this township, and daughter of Joseph and Rachel Ballinger. She died in 1870. Fifteen children were born, several of whom are dead; those living are — Nar- cissus, now Mrs. Jas. Blake, of Madison Co.; Henry A., in Union Co.; Emeline, Mrs. John Hughs, of this county; Lorenzo, in Union; Mary E., Mrs. T. Godman, of Madison Co.; Rachel J.; Hester J., Mrs. J. L. Farrington; Rachel A., Mrs. A. Davis, of Madison; David W., John B. and Charles L., at home. Mr. AVilgns' first purchase was 12 acres; he then added 44 and has now 100 acres. In 1872 he was married to Cynthia Bliss, whose mother's name was Miller, born in Indiana March 10, 1821. All of Mr. Wilgus' family have been, and those living are, identified with the Methodist Church. BOKES CREEK TOWNSHIP. CHRISTIANA BATES, widow; West Mansfield; was born in Washington Co., Pa., in 1825. In 1842 she nuirried Gardiner Bates, of Rhode Island; her niHiden name was Christiana McDonald; her grandparents were from St:otlaiid, and came to the United Stiit(;s prior to the birth of her father, which occurred in 1778, and his death, in 1844. Her mother was boin in Washington Co., Pa., in 179-3; was married in 1812, and died in 18G3. The McDonald family consisted of eleven children — cinht of whom are now livins: — George, James, ]3aniel A., William G., Mary, Christiana, Rachel and Caroline. The last is the wife of a Mr. Ballinger, of Elkhart, Ind. Christiana, the widow of Gardiner Bates, is the mother of five children, three of whom are now living, whose names are Clara, Christiana G. and Albert G. Her eldest daughter, whose marriage occurred in 1862, died, leaving one child, a daughter. Mrs. Bates is a member of the United Brethren Church, and has sustained a membership for thirty years. MILTON BUSHONG, farmer; P. O., West MansfioM; was born Oct. 22, 1826, in Perry Tp., this county; his father James Bushong, was born in Ross Co., O., but his mother came Irom South Carphna with her father's family when she was about 13 years old; they settled near Cliillicothe. Shortly after their marriage Mr. Bushong and his younir wife moved to Logan Co., and settled on Mill Creek, Perry Tp., in ]821; and there Mr. Bushong died, leaving a widow and three children, besides Milton, who was born a short time after his father's death; here the widow and fond mother clung to her home and children as none but a mother could, and supported and educated them as well as circumstances would permit; soon as the older ones became of age and married they sold out their interest in the estate, but Milton kept his, and with him their mother always tnade her home until the time of her derUh, which occurred Nov. 25, 1869. While Milton was living on the old homestead he learned the carpenter's trade and worked at it, as well as conducting his farm; and at his trade he procured means enough to purchase 12 acres, which is now in the corporation of West Mansfield. Subse- queritly he purchased 18 acres more and then sold the 30 acres of the old homestead and bought a piece of unimproved land in the northern part of the township, all of which he traded for the farm of 118 acres where he now resides, which is a beautiful location and well improved; adjo ninj and partly iy the I , — 0;>0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. corporation of West Mansfield; to which he moved April, 18(jl. Hh has been twice niar- ri',-d; first with Louisa Moore, June 2'i, 1850. Slie was l)orn March 9, 1832, in Carroll Co., ().; her death occurred Sept. 12, 1877, leaving five of her eleven children: William and Siniuel C. (deceased); Mary C, married .Ja^. M. Rnehlcn, of this township, Dec. 25, 1873, and died Feb. 15, 1878, leavino^ one child, Cliloe E.; Milton T. (deceased); Emma L. (is now Mrs. M'm. IJallinger, of Union Co.; they were married March 11, 1877); Clinton and .fohn W. (deceased); Sarah E., Charles W., Edwin I., at home with their father; Albert .1. (deceased). His second marriaff.' was cele- l>rated March 18, 1878, with Almira Hatha- way. She was horn S -pt. 27, 1832, in Dinh- ton, Mass., and was a wile day, and never took three doses of medicine duiing his three 3-cars' service; the war being closed, he got an honorable discharge, and, returned home July 27, 1805. They own a well-improved farm of 100 acres, with good buildings, all of which he has made by his own economy and inngaged in the force endeavor- ing to subdue them; his pari-nts were natives of Virginia, and came to Ohio, locating in his native cotinty in 1811. His grandfather (Isaac Hatcher) came from Virginia shortly aftiT- warii, and jiurchased about 1,000 acres n(>ar East Liberty, in this county, and divided it with his family; this induced William (.lohn's father) to come to Logan when John was about five years old; there the family settled, and also purchased some land besides what he got of the old gentleman's estate, and subse(|uently sold all and moved with his family to so\ithern Illinois, wlii>re hf (William) died of (^lolera in 1855. When .lohn grew up to manhood he traveled considerables over the M'estern and Southern Slites, and saw nothing (consiiiering the condition of health with ^: •k. BOKES CREEK TOWXSIIIP. 661 agricultural interests) that suited him any Let- ter than Ohio; he concluded to push his way back, and accordinjTly arrived in Lon-an Co. in 1834; here he married Catharine Hess, and shortly after the}' rented a farm, as he h;id no means to purchase with; in 1851 his wife died leaving six small children-Rebecca J., Nancy, William H., Lucinda, Sarah A., and Lydia V. He married his second wife, Ann Peterson, but was unfortunate to lose her by death on Jan. 1, 1869, she also leaving six young children — Cordelia, .John H., Abbey, Hopey A., Abel and Elizabeth A. His third mar- riage was celebrated with Artlissa (Leonard) Bennett, widow of the late John Bennett; she has one son living by her first husbnnd. Mr. Hatcher has 130 acres of well iin|)i-oved land, which he has gathered by his own hard work and industry, notwithstanding his many drawbacks by death and the care of a very large familv. JACOB" KELLER, farmer; P. O., West Mansfield. Jacob Keller's grand-parents on his mother's side were fioni Virginia, and on his father's side from Germany, emigrating to tliis country about the }-ear--38()0. On his father's side were four children, he being the eldest; on his mother's side there were eleven, she being also the eldest. Jacob's parents were manied in 1815, in Columbiana Co., O. They were among the earliest settlers of Cham]iaign Co., when it also embraced whiit is now Logan Co. The family consisted of fourteen children, .Jacob being the second. The names of the children are Mary, Jacoii, Fannie, Shady, William, John, Joshua M., Joseph A., Amelia A., Rachel, Barbara, Re- becca, Liicetta and Ruth, twelve of whom are now living. Jacob Iveller was born in Logan Co. in the year 1817; he lived with his parents until 1840, when he commenced business for himself, and was married in 1839 to Mary Davis, who was born in P(Minsyl- vania in 181:2, and came to Logan Co. in 1837. They are the ])arents of ten children, seven of whom are now living — Miranda, Amanda, Ra- chel S., Mary J., Frederick D., John A. and "William M. Jacob Iveller's father was twice married. By the last marriage he had two children — a son and a daughter. The son was killed at Johnson's by the falling of the barracKs. JOSEPH A. KELLER, farmer; P. 0., West Mansfield; was born Oct. 17, 1827, in Perry Tp., this county; is a sou of Frederick and Rachel (Skidinore) Iveller, both natives of Virginia, hut moved when young to Penn- sylvania, thence to Columbiana Co., O., and in 1816 they came to Logan Co. When about 18 years of age Joseph A. began to work out, and a year or so later he married Nancy A. Mun- sell, which event was celebrated in Februarv, lb47; she was born Oct. 14, 1828, in Huron Co., O., and came here with her father's fam- ily, who settled a little north of where West Mansfield is located; shortly after their mar- riage they rented the farm of his mother-in- law. Widow Munsell, and as the Munsell heirs became of age, he ]iurchased their inter- est in the farm, and also purchased 150 acres west of West Mansfield. He and three brothers opened a store in the new town of West Mansfield, which was the first establish- ment of the kind in the place, which they carried on successfully for about two years, when they sold out the store. He then de- voted his attention to dealing in live stock and farming for some time. And in 1806 he p\u'chased the stock of general merchandisino- i goods of James S. Robinson, and kept store again in Mansfield; when he had been in al)i)nt 18 months he sustained a heavy loss, the store and all the goods beinar consumed by fire on Feb. 5, 1868; the stock invoiced between §7,000 and §8,000, and all without being insured; an old adat^-e that "troubles never come singly " seems to be verified in his case; just following this loss were parties who had failed, for whom he had gone secur- ity for a considerable sum, which he had to pay, and with some bad accounts amounted to about $6,000, for which he got nothing in return. ' They lived in the village one year and then moved to the farm west of town, which was then in his possession, where thev resided two years; which he sold, with a view of straightening up his accounts well as possible, and also to move to 1-10 acres of un- improved land, which he had bought in 1862, to which he subsequently added by purchase of 150 acres, in all 290 acres, which constitute his present farm, to which he moved in the spring of 1871; it is very good soil, and con- sidering the heavy timber and inconveniences — not even a road open to it when he moved heie — they have done much in a short space t ^tz^ Gi BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. (.>{ lime tOHiinl clearing ami puttin in 1826. Mr. Levally is a member of White Swan Grange, No. 512; also a mend)er of Rush Lodge, I. O. O. F., the numlier of the Lodge being 381. lie was a teacher for twenty-four years, commencing at the aie of 17. By occupation a farmer, and one who follows the business both for satisfaction and ])rofit, believing industry to be honorable, and labor well directed to be remunerative. MARTIN McAIJAMS, farmer; P. O., Riilgeway; was born March 23, in the year 1847, in Logan Co., O.; he, ever since his birth, has been a citizen of the county, and in October, 18G7, Mr. McAdams was imirried to Lucretia Bower; their family consists of the following children — Cora Tid(dia, Curtis Adams, Clarence Wilson, Carrie Amanda and Covert, all of wdiom are now living. By oc- cupation Mr. McAdams is a farmer, practical in the management and appointments of his farm and stock. lie is a miMubcr of White Swan Cirange, No. 512; his wife is a mendier of the l)isci])les' Church, one of the progres- sive and enlightened Christian organizations of the present time. WILLIAM G. MtI)()N.\LD, farmer: P. ()., West Mimsfield. The ancestors of Wil- liam G. M( Donald were Scotcli-Ii ish. The time of their emigration to America is, how- over, unknown. The tlate of his father's birth is also unkru)wn, but is su[)posed to be about 1784. He was married in 1813 to Rebecca Fitzsimmons. Their family consisted of eleven children — George, Elizabeth, Mary, William G., James, Daniel A., Rachel J., John (re they wi-re married until death called them both away at a good old aare — she in Novem!:er, 1804, he following about five vears after. Joab remained with his ])ariMits until about 23 vears old; then lut n)arried Di'lilah AN'ilnfus, Ajiiil 8, 1841. She was born May 30. iS-i'i, in the State of Delaware, and came hi^e with her father's family when (juile young. After they were married, they made their home on his father's farm for about ten years, and then bought and moved to 9t) acres, where they now live, which was in the woods, and without any improvements — not even a road into it. lie has cleared and improved and added bv purchase <4| acres more, until In- has a very comfortable and well inijjroved farm, whicii is worked by his two yoinigcr sons, who are married and reside on the farm. They had five children, four living — Charles ( '., .Mary .1. (now Mrs. Calvin Wkidmore). Aaron 15., anil Joab S. Mr. and Mrs. McG'-i'liavc both been members of the Baptist Church for over thirty-two years. In ])olitic», .Mr. Win. Mctiee was a life-long Democrat, voting for .Iiickson, and was hrndy attached to that parly; but when Jlenry Clay was the nominee, he then lost sight of the party, and cast his first vote in (~)hio for him, but then fell into the Demo- cratic ranks again. DR. J. R. SKIDMDRE, piiysician; West Mansfield. Dr. J. R. Skidmore's grand|)arcnts on his father's side were from \'irginia, and on his mt)tlier's side from New .lersv; his grandfather served in the war of ISp^; his' father was born in Virginia in ]8(l"^; his mother in 1810, in Oliio; her m liden name was Ballinger; they were married in 1827, and were the parents of several children — Samuel B., Rachel (decea>ed), Joshua R., Eliza (deceaseil), Hope, Davis, Josi'pliine, James M., Newton T. and Sidney G. Joshua R., the suliject of this sketch, was born in ]>ogan Co. in 1832; he is a graduate of Miami College, Cincinnati, O.; he comiuenced the practice of medicine in 18.55 in Union Co., O.; after remaining about four months in that county, he came to Logan, where heh's prac- ticed ever since. He married Jane Whit- taker, of I^ogan Co. Thev are the jiarents of eight children, only two of whom are livin;r. The names of those living are Ella E. ami Ilornee A. Dr. Skidmoie and wife are both members of the Baptist (Free Will) Church. He is member of the I. (). O. F., No. 570; also, an A., F. & A. M.; was a foldicr in the civil war, eidisting iti the 13th ( )hio Battery, being dis- charged after nearly a ycar'ssiMvice on account of sickness. WILLIAM SWISSGnOD, farmer; P. ()., Ridgeway; was born in Franklin Co., (!)hio, in 1818, and removed to Login Co., Ohio, in 1840; he was married to Miss Elizabeth .Fohnson, by whom he had seven cliihlren — James, Andrew, Ann Ellen, Ro^anah, Linda .Myra, Samuel and Elizabeth. His first wife died in 1857. Mr. Swissgood was aydia A., Eiiznlieth, Jane and Emanuel. Dr. Emanuel Whittaker was born in Perry Tp., Logan Co., in 1839; he first apjjcared on the stage of pidjlic action as a teacher, at the age of 19, and taught, in all, thirteen terms; his last cer- titicate from the Board of E.\aniiners of Logan Co. being first-class, He attornled two terms at Hdlsdale Codege, Mich., and was married at the age of "Zl to Amanda J. Siieese, of Uinon Ci\ He enlisted for the war in the 13th O. Battery, afterwards connecting with the l-tth O. Battery, after the disbandjng of the 13th at Pittsburg Landing; he served nearly four vears, enlisting afterwards in the Veteran Corps. He was in the battles of Pittsburg Landing-, ea))ture of Corinth, siege and capture of Atlanta, at Nashville, Tonn., and the taking of Mobile, Ala. After the war he studied medicine with S. U. James, of East Liberty, and attended lectures at Miami Col- lege, Cincinnati, and has ])racticed medicine ever since, being accounted a skillfid physi- cian and surgeon. V 660 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. MONROE ANDREW IJL'RNSIDK, t:irnur; I'. ().. West Lilierty; was born Sejit. 17, 1805, in Pocaliontas, Va.; son of Alexander and Elizal)etli (Gillaud) Burnside; his father's name was John. The Biniisidc family emi- grated west to Oiiio in 1817, locatin<;f in Mon- roe Tp., near the place where Donn Piatt re- sides. Here the family remained for several years. Ale.vander, SiT, died at the ripe age of !)0. Our subject, being raised up to hard labor, beiran fr>r himself at the age of ^0, liavino- no jiatrimoiiy or financial aid. Anjoiig the first enterprises in which he was engaged was a contract for building the rTiill-race leading to A. S. Piatt's; also the Williams race. 'i"he cutting of the brush and tind)er, in the first one built, lost him monej-, but in the com])le,- tion of the second he earneiirf>e Tj>. He is a Democrat of the .luckson Ivpe. WILLIAM H. UVHI). farmer; P. O., Picken'ltown; was born Aug. 28, 1832, in Northampton Co., N. C; his father was Owen Byrd, wlio married Jennie Manly, and to them seven rdiildreii have been born, William H. being the senior member of this number; his pan-nls were both natives of North (Carolina, and emigrated to this State in IS34, during tin- fall of that year, first locating on " Bristh- Hirof William has been a resident of \\'est Liln'rtv, and tli(> farm has been in his charge. He is a member of the Methodist E|)iscopal Church. C. C. CUOKSTON, faimer; P. O., West Liberty; was born in Franklin Co., Pa., March l(i, 1832, and emigrated west with his ])arents in 1835 to Muskingum Co., and came to Logan Co. about the year 1841. At the age of 18 Charles began for himself, worked two vcars at the carpenter's trade, which, proving distasteful, he turned his attention to I'ainiing jinrsiiits. His ])arents were Thomas and Mary C. (Staley) Cookston; he was born June 20, l^OS, and was a son of Charles Cookston, of English birth. Thomas first settled in Union Tp., afterwards in Mon- roe, where our sid)ject now lives. Upon his first settlement, desiring to lay in a stock of white bread material, he ])urchased the entire surplus cro|) of three men, which ainoinited to ten busfiels! Thomas Cookston died March 24, 1871, and was an upright Christian; his wife died suddenly of aiiople.xy, March 13, 1H44. For several years Charles (as above stHt(>d) worked cutting woi d at 20 cents per cord. At the age of 23 he was married to Margaret Strayer; their nuptials were cele- brated March IK, 1S45; she was born 1821 in Berkeley Co., \'a., daughter of Nicholas and IJebecca (Whitenah) Slraver; he was born April 29, 171)2; she, Aug. 4, 1814. Soon '^^ MONROE TOWNSHIP. CG7 al'ter Mr. Cookston's mairiHge he located in Union Co., near where De Grafl' now stands, which was at that time covered with timber and underbrush. Alter making several changes, and rentinsj some time, he boug-ht i)0 acres ol' land north of De Graif, where he lived six yeare; then moving to De Graff, and living there three years, he purchased IGO acres west oF the town, where he resided about six vears. In 18G4 he went out in the 13::3d Regiment, Co. F, O.X. G. In ISOIJ he moved to the honiesteail where he has since remained; has 113 acres of land and is a suc- cessful fanner. In 18(7 he was elected County Commissioner, and was recently re- elected to the same position, which he is now filling with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constiluents. He has five children— .(oseph H., Mary E., H. Whitenah, William L. and Clifl'ord G. Mr. and Mrs. Cookston are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JAMES N. DAVIS, fanner; P. O., West Liberty; was born Aug. ^4-, 1^37, on the farm he now owjis. His father was George W. Davis, who was born in Fayette Co., Ohio, and was married to \ancv Williams, whose ])a- rents emigrited from Virginia. George Davis located on this farm about the year 1834, re- maining on the sam(> luitil his death, which occurred in May, ISlil. On Feb. 12, IS(Jl), .James was married to Elizabeth Ann Wil- liams, who was born in this county, Mav 11, IS-tl, and is a daughter of Obadiah and Eliza M'^dliamsi Since the marriage of Mr. Davis he has been a constant resident of this town- ship. In 1808, lie purchased 90 acres where his father S(>ttled, which is farmed in a thor- ough and successful manner. Four children have been born to him — Henrv D., Georo^e M., Frankie, and Rosanna, who died at the age of 8 vears. MRS. MARGARET FOUST, farmer P. O., ZanesHeld; was born in Union Co., Pa., March 20, 1813, the second of a family of twelve children. On Sept. 24, 1829, she was married to Henry Foust, who was liorn March 22, 1799; one year after their marriage they came West to Summit Co., this State, where they lived until 1839, when the)' came to this county, locating in Monroe Tp. Mr. and Mrs. Fcnist began life poor, yet succeeded, by economy and industry, in acc[uiring a good home and property; Mr. Foust died April 2, 1879, in his 81st year; thirteen children have been born them, eight sons and five daughters; twelve of the number are now living, and one, Benjamin, deceased; those living are — .lohn, now in .lefferson Tp., Solomon, now in Cass Co., Mo., Hannah, ?iow Mrs. Dan Shaw- ver, Mary Ann, now Mrs. Weslev Sidesinger, of Monroe Tp., Sarrdi, now Mrs. Thomas Nichols, of Jefferson Tp., Samuel is in Iro- quois Co., III., George in Jefferson Tp., and Henry in West Liberty, Malenda, now Mrs. Samuel Bishop, Lucinda. now Mrs. Charles Worth, of Monroe T|i., Wilson in Kansas, and James at heme. Mrs. Foust has now 214 acres of land; they came west to Ohio in a one-horse wagon, and when they started in life were as poor as "skimmed milk ;" when they began keeping house they had three chairs, half a dozen dishes, one bedstead and a few bed-clothes; th(>y never had a looking- glass in the house until 1848. Mr. Foust, during his life, was a member of the Presby- terian Church; Mrs. Foust, since the death of hei' husband, has remained on the home farm. MICAJAH GREEX, farmer and stock- raiser; P. O., Pickereltown: is the vounsrest son of George R. and Ruth (\^'illinms) Green, and was born on the homestead farm, wh.cre F"al)ius lives, Jan. 28, 1842. At the age of 31, on Dec. 22, 1873, he was united in mar- riage to Mary E. Loveless, born Jan. 2, 1854, in this township, daughter of Sarah (Outland) Loveless, who was a daughter of .losiah and Kesiali (Marmon) Outland, who were among the early settlers. For a more comprehensive history of the Marmons see biography, of Amos P. Marmon. For three years after Micajah was married he lived on the home- stead farm. In the fall of 1870 he moved to his presinit ])lace of abode, where he has 327 acres of land, which was formerly known as the Wallace Farm. About one-half of this land lies on the Mackachack Bottom. He and his brother, Fabius, are associated to- gether in the fine stock business, keeping pure bloods and graded cattle. He has one child, Mandie G., born Aug. 1], 1870. FABIUS GREEN, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., Pickereltown; is one of the prominent farmers and stock-raisers in this township; he was born Nov. 30, 1838, in this township, and is the tenth child born to George R. and Ruth CG8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Green; his father was a native of Kentucky, born in Fleniinht life; was a conscientious and e.xemplary Christian, and raised a family who are an honor to any man, and valuable citizens to anj- community. He died Sept. T, 1802, and his wife -May T, lyr'i. At the an'c of 23, Kabius was married to Hannah E. Worrel, born in Zanc Tp., July 7, 1844, and is a daughter of Samuel and Ann (.fones) Worrei; he was of New .lerscy, she of Pennsylvania. Since Mr. Green's marriage he has been a constant resident of the farm. In 18GG he and his brother, Micajah, associated in business together, liaving between them 727 acres of lami, and are dealing in IJurham (tattle; breeding and growing the same; l citizen. BENJA.MIN GPJ.MES. farmer and trader; P. ()., \V('st Liberty; first saw the light of day Nov. 15, 1827, in the Keystom- State; he was a son of .lames and Elizabeth Feagley, the former of whom was born Oct. 9, 1779, and the latter March 10, of the same year, and were mar:ied May 20, 1819. They immi- grated to this Slate about th(! year 1834, lo- cating where Mrs. Nancy Cullum resides. There were nine children of the family, Ben- jamin being the sixth in order. .lames Griuies was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. lie was for many years in ])nor health, and he ilied G.t. 12,1850, his wife following him Feb. 15. 1804. On March 1, 1857, Benjamin was married to Susanna Han- del, who was born in this towiishi]) .May i'', 1835. She is a daughter of Err Pandel, one of the oldest residents in the township. Since the nuirriage of .Mr. Cirimes. he has re- sided on the homestead, consisting of 121 acres. For twenty years ]>ast, on account of im]>aired health, he has been engaged in trading the greater part of his time, yet still carries on his farm. Of fo\ir children born to him. but two are living — IJose Anna, born April 3, ISOO, and .losephine, .lune 5, 1808. C<'lia was born A])iil 23, 1803. and died Nov. 3, 1878, the other dyii'g in infancy. .Mrs. Grimes is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal (Muireh. JAMES IIENPV. farmer; V. ()., Belle- fontaiiu!; is among the worthy representatives of l^ogaii Co., and was born in .lelVerson Tp. May 24, 1815, on the farm where Newton Garwood lives; ho is the second of a family of seven children horn to William and Nancy (Stevenson) llenrv, who was born .lune 2(1, 1705. William Meiny was born .luly 1, 1787. near the llapidaii, Cul))epper (".>., \'a., niul was n sen of George Henry, a Virginian, and of English (U^:rcent. The Stevensoiis were from Kentucky. 'I'his venerable eoujile were married July 2, 1S12, ne.".r Fairlield, ^' MONROE TOWNSHIP. GjO Montgomery Co., Ohio; going to Dayton, they puroliased their outtit for housekeeping-, consisting of half a dozen plates, spoons, knives and forks, and one small teapot; these they brought on horseback to their home. The Henry family left Virginia and settled in Belmat Co. iu ISOT, remaining there one year; then came to Zanesfield in the fall of 1808, and lived that winter in Isaac Zane's kitchen. In the spring of 180'J, there was a cabin erected where Isaac Rogers now lives, and subse- quentlv one where Xewton Garwood lives, where .James' father settled; here he lived for fifty-two years, and tiien moved to tiio place where Noah Yoder now resides. He died July ."), 1ST5, and she April 5, 1800. He was once County Assessor, when his services amounted to but §137. James was married in his 20tli year to S;irah Ann Croupskop, who was born Aug. 31, 1812, in Delaware Co., N. Y.; her parents were George and Sarah (Cor- rington) Croupskop, who came West in 1813. Mr. Croupsko)) was County Auditor for six- teen V'ears, and a prominent teacher in the county as well. Upon their coming they set- tled one mile east of Bellefontaine, on the Zanesfield road, when there was but about four houses in the town. After the marrianfc of Mr. Henry, he located on the farm wheie John May now lives, which premises he leased for five years. Iu 1839, he came to the farm he now owns; he first purchased sixty acres of Sarah McCollough, for $7 per acre, and has now IGO acres. Of nine chil- dren born, but six are now living — Isaac, George, Samuel, Richard M., James and Zoar. Mr. Henry was elected Justice of the Peace in 1879, and is a member of Bellefontaine Lodge, No. 2()f), A., F. & A. M., and Chapter of R. A. M., No. 60. He is a Democrat. JAJIES H. HICKS, farmer: P. O., Pick- ereltown ; was born Fob. 10, 1824, iti South- ami)ton Co., Va. Of a family of fourteen children, he was the third. His parents were Jason and Mary (Mitchell) Hicks. The former was born April 10, 1790, in North Carolina. Mr. Hick's grandfather's name was Ntdson Newsoine. They emigrated to this county in the spring of 1835, settling on the Mackachaek, and finally located permanently in the southern ]iart of this township. Our subject, James Hicks, is one of the leading representatives in this count\', of his race. Free-born himself, jet he was raised under the dominion of slavery, and emigrated to this State with his people, that they might be re- moved from its influences. Coming here poor, when young, he " began at the bottom," work- ing at very low wages, and lower diet, living several weeks at a time upon buttermilk and potatoes; 37i cents per day, and -^11 per month, were the prices paid at that time. Nicholas Williams was his friend, and gave him excellent advice, by which he prof- ited. From him he bought a colt, and from this start raised a team to commence with. On Jan. 10, 1849, ho was married to Judu,h Newsome, a natives of this countv, daughter of Henrj- and Dorothy (Byrd) Newsome. She died in 1804, leaving a family of four children — Jason, John, William and Fred- erick. Two years later, in October, 1866, he was married to Mrs. Slahala Demp- sey, whose maiden name was Stewart. Mr. Hicks'' first purchase of lund was in the IMarmon Valley, where he lived six years. He has been a resident (jf this township many years, and has 151 acres of land, situated a short distance; west of Pickereltown, upon which he has recently erected a suitable dom- icile, and is among the jjrudent and success- ful farnu'rs of the townsiiip. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for thirty-three years, a mendior of Urbana Lodge and Chajiter of fh<> Masonic Ordei-; also of the T. O. O. F. JOHN HUNT, iarmer; P. O., West Liber- ty; was born Aug. 20, 1820, in Hunterdon Co., N. J., and emigrated to this State in 183"), with his parents, who were Daniel and Nancy (Williams) Hunt; both were natives of New Jersey. Their place of settlement was the southern part of Monroe Tp., where thev pur- chased 200 acres of land. Upon the father's side, the family are of English, and on the mother's, of Dutch extraction. The name of .John's grandfather was Daniel and he was a cabinet-maker liy trade, which his son David took up also. John, not caring to keep up the paternal trade, early in life resolved to be- come a farmer. He was united by marriage to Phebe Williamson on June 27, 1850. She was born Feb. 11, 1828, in Warren Co., N. J., and was a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Fishbaugli) Williamson. After marriage he located on the home farm, remaining there 070 BIOGRAPHICAL 8KETCHES. until 1854, when he purchased 133 acres ad- joiiiinurchased a tract of tMghty acres wiierc his father-in-law lived, and remained on this farm until 1867, when he moved lo his present place of resi- lience. From a start of ?<()')0, he is now the owni'r of 313 acres of land, which iseviilence of h s thrift, enterprise and nnirUed success as a farmer and business man. He has si.x ehildrcii — Mary J., Fli-tcher N., Garrett L., Eva May, Etlie, and Clarissa, (now .Mrs. M. Jones, of tliis township). Mr. Johnson is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. George R. Green, the gramlfathiT of J. H., riised a family of ten cli Klren, seven boys at.d three girls. Three of liis.sons were prom- inent physicians — liandolph, Henry and Tliomas. l{iin lolph lived and jira -ticed in Ptckereltown for some time, and then wont to Fairfield, where he and his wife died of cholera. The ten children mentioned above, were — William, Kachel, Randolph, Henry, John, Morton, George, Thomas, Clarinda and Eliza- beth. Willuun settled in this county about the time of the war of 181:i. Rachel was the wife of Jacob Johnson, of Kentucky. .Mor- ton settled in Iniliana and was the last one who died. Clarinda anbs and Pope family are among- the early settlers in this county. William''s grandfather Pope sot out, it is said, the first orchard that was planted in the town- ship. ,Tolm Jacobs, the father of William, now resides in Rush Creek T|3., where he re- moved in 184 J. His wife died January 19, 1857, leaving six children, William being the youngest. He enlisted at the age of 19, in ■ Co. D., G6th ( ). V. ]., and served eighteen months, and was discharged on account of disability. Being attached to the cause, and army life having an attraction for him, he re- enlisted in th(! 12th O. Cavalry, and served until the ex]iiration of the war. He was at fjne time a (-ajitive of .Fohn ilorgaii. In 1803, while liomi! from the army, he w-as married to Angenetta Williams, who was born JNIay 31, 1840, and is a daughter of Jeffery and Lucy Williams, natives of Virgii'ia. Since his re- turn from the service, he has, for the most part, been engaged at the carpenter's trade. He has three children — Harrv A., born May 27, "1807; Alta M., born Aug. 2,1870, and" Effie B., born Feb. 7, 18i0. His lather, whose ex- ample ^V'illiam has endeavored to emulate, is a meud)er of the Baptist Church. JOUX KELLY, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., West Liberty; is among the stanch farmers of Monroe Tp., and was born Oct. 8, 1807, in Greenbrit^r Co., \'a.; was the elilest of a I'amily of twelve children born to John and Susan (Osborne) Kelly. She was a near tlescendent of .losiah Osborne, a noted Bap- tist minister. Peter Kelly was the grandsire of John, and was born in the Old IJominion. John, the father of our subject, was born July 10, 1781, and immigrated to this State in 1820, locating on the land now in posses- sion of his rejjresentative, which had been purchased in 1819, previous to his coining. Only twenty-five acres were cleared on the tract at that time. The Red Men's camp- fires still burned in Mad River valley, they making- frequent jia^sages through the valle^', on their road to Upper Sandusky. Bellefon- taino had just recently been laid out. After the family located here it became their per- manent settlement. He died in December, 1859; his wife in 1844. The recollection of ^t 072 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCJIES. John Kellej' will ever remain in the minds of those livinjr, as tliat of a just aiul honorable man. Ho was for many yeai-s a consistent msmber of t"lie Jletiio list Episcopal Church, and of the Masonic Order. The subject of these lines lived a bachelor until 35 years of ag'e, and, perhaps, " inijvht have l)eeii " to this day, had he not met Painielia Downinfr, who led him captive to the iiymeneal altar. She was born April 10, LSI 8, in Aiijjfiista Co., Va., and inimiffiated to this State in 1835, locating on the Aspinwall farm. Since their marrias^e the}' have been constant residents of the firm they now own, consistiri"; of 310 acres, situ- at''d in Mad U.ver valley, two miles north of West Liberty. Farminn- and stock laising have been the business of his life, slu^ep hus- bandry being' his choice, at which he has been measurably successful. Of a family of ten children born, eitrht survive — .losiali. Addi- son, Darby, .fohn, William Koliert, Nathan- iel, Susan and Anna. For nearU' forty years he has been connected witii the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has served his town- ship in an olfi(-ial way as C!crk, Justice of the Peace, and has always been recournized as one of its esteemed citi/.eiis and solid Republi- cans. JOHN LO\'ELESS, farmer; P. O., Pick- ereltown; was born in Monmouth Co., N. J., Dec. 28, IS'^i; was a son of Thomas and Sarah (Sprouels) Loveless; Thomas was a son of .Joseph, who was of Enfjlish birth and parentage, and served as baker during the war f>f th(! Ilevolution; also, John's grand- father Sprouels was a soldier in that strug-gle and served as gunner. John's great-grand- father, on his mother's side, was kidnai)ped and brought to tiiis country whin voung, and was put up anen identilied with that Church, and was a class- leader for many years. John is a mendier of East Liberty llodge. No. 247, A., F. & A. M. WILLLV.M J. LONG, farmer; P. O., West Liberty; was born -NLiy 7, 1837, in a log cabin, which was situated on the farm hi! now owns; is the eldest of a family of seven childr<>n, four of th(! innnber living to maturity. His parents were Wdliam and Rebecca (Williams) Long. He was born July G, 1815, in this township; she in Champaign Co., near Mnl- dletown, in 1S14. Siie died in 1875. At the age of 22 William left home to do for himself. Doc. 25, ISoI), he was united in marriage to Ann E. White, born Aug. 27, 1841, on the farm now owned I))- Hein-y Outland, of this township. Her parents were Janu'S and Xancy (Williams) ^^'hite, born in Huron Co., and Ijogan, res|iectively. HediedlS48. Mr. Long has 50 acres of land; was elected Justice MONROE TOWNSHIP. G73 of the Peace in 1868, served until IS?-!, and tlien deoliiied; but was re-elected in 18?f). His grandfather, Benjamin Lonsr, was elected Justice of the Peace in I80O and served twenty years. Two children have bepn born — George W., born April 2, 18131, and Mary, Nov. 8, 1SG3. He and family are all mem bers of the B:iptist Church. For many years past he has been in ill health, scarcely a day passing that he can truthfully say he is well. Air. Long is a man of good judgment, and more than ordinary intellectual attainments. REV. AMOS P. MARMON, deceased. Among the worthy representatives of the Marnion stock, who has since been called from his labors on earth to the mansion above, is Rev. Amos P. Marmon, who was born in Jelferson Tp., Aug. -l, 182G; son of Edmund Marmon. He was converted at the age of 27, united with the Church Aug. 27, 18.53; held the office of church clerk over, a score of years,* and- of quarterly meeting twelve years; h.' was ordained to the ministry .June 3, 1872, and while he never had a regular pastorate, yet filled the sacred desk in a local way up to the time of his death, which occurred Nov. 38, 187!); he was a worthy friend, a kind husband and an indulgent father; he always adhered firmly to the truth as he understood it, ever prompt and attentive to his church observances. On March 15, 1849, he was married to Cynthia A. Outland, who was borji in June, 1830, in Zane Tp.; a daughter of Jeremiah and Patsey (Butler) Outland; he (Jeremiah) was the eldest son of Josiah Outland. Mrs. Marnion still survives her husband, and resides on her farm, situated in the northeast part of the township, and has three children — Rosetta, now Mrs. Hezekiah Potee; Samuel L. and Mary M. At the time of Mr. .Marmon's death he was preparing a genealogical account of the Marmon family, which was left incom- plete. A synopsis is here given. The Mar- mons came from France, and one, John or Frank (the name then being called " Merry- moon"), had four sons — David, John, Frank and Peter; also three daughters — Peggy, who married William Reames, and Sarah, who married a man by the name of Lee; of the other, nothing is known. David had six sons — Benjamin, Jesse, John, Peter, Edmund and David, all of whom were born in North Carolina, in Northampton Co. .fohn had no children. Frank had three sons — Thomas, David and Joseph, and one daughter, Mournia. Peter had three sons — Robert, Samuel and Maitin. William Reames married Peggy ^[armon. He had a son by the name of William, who was the father of Caleb, .leremiah, Jessie, Aaron, Moses, Vincent, Wdliam, John, and one daughter, who mar- ried Thomas Stanfield. Peter Marmon, as mentioned above, aside from his sons (Robert, Samuel and ilarmoii) had five diughters— Betty, Kesiah, Rhoda, Rachel and Hannah. Betty never married; Kesiah married Josiah Outland; Rhoda married David Patterson; Rachel married Walter Brown, and Hannah Brown. Robert had four sons — Rich- mond, Stephen, Peter and .Joshua, and three daughters — Dorothy, Hannah and Obedience; another Robert is mentioned who had three sons and two daughters — Gustavus, Foos, and James; girls were — Adair and Jennie. J. W". MOliGAN, farmer; P. O., Mingo; was born in this township Aug. (i, 183G; is the eldest of a family of two children that were liorn to William and Elizabeth (Washington) Morgan. He was born in Frederick Co., Va., in May, 1804; she in Hampshire Co., same State. They came west in 1835. Our subject was left without means, and at the age of 17 hired out by the month, being engaged in jobbing. On July 25, 1862, he was married to Susan Stevens, who was born July 20, 1844, in Isle of Wight Co., Va. Being born of color, there were no schools of that kind for their accommodation, and, as a result, his ad- vantages for education were exceedingly lim- ited. For a time he walked three miles to attend a school taught by a Quaker lady, who taught a small number of scholars in her own house. They have six children liviiig — Vint- ley A., Grace R., Omar J., Ollii;, Agus S., and William. ]Mr. Morgan has 133 acres of land, which is well improved, with good build- ings thereon, the farm being a model of neat- ness and good management. He is one of the best farmers in the neighborhood, and all his property has been made by his own hard labor. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and of the J. O. O. F. Lodge at Ur- bana; also of the Masonic Order at that place — Blue Lodge and Chapter. /^t^— ^ 674 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JJEXJAMIX .MoCOLLOCn, fanner; P. O., ZaiH'sfi'Kl; is the six'tli child of Elilor Geor^^e .Mc'CdIIocIi; ]3cMijaiiiin was horn on the liomcstoad .Inly 'i, 1824. At the ajje of 14 he left the iiarontal roof and lived with his hrotlior William the greater part nf the time, liiitil he was 24 years of ag'e, when he was nniteil in wedloek Feb., 1S4S, to Hester Dowilinii, who was horn in Harrison Co., O., Sept. i>, 1818, and whose parents were Bazil and .Matilda (.Jones) ])ownint>;. After Ben- jamin was married he resided on his brother's fari7i nntil Ik; purchased l.")0 acres in .Jeffer- son Tp., situat.'d in the western part, on the ZanesHeld ])ike. Ujion this farm he re- in lined nineteen years. lie then removed to Kichland 'J'p., where he purchased 1.30 aeres of land and where he lived until October, 18T9, when he returned to the humeslead to care for his ajjed father, who is nov.- past 90 years of asfe. Of live, cliil iren horn, but two are living — William, liorn .Inly 27, 1853, and George, horn April 18, IS')']. Those deceased were -Margaret, who died at 11 years of aire. Nancy and Lydia, the twa latterattaining one year each. Like his father, he isDem ; Solomon was in the Legislature also, and served as County Commissioner when his compensation was only three dollars jier year. .At the age of 19, on .June 8, iSdil, (iiir subject was married to Nancy Henry, eldest daughter of George and Par- melia (Fiddler) Henry was horn in Cul|)c]i])er Co., A'a., in 17S9. She came west in ISOT. She died in her Tilth year, having given hiilli to thirteen children — live of the nuinlur now livhig — George, Benjamin, .John, Marv, and Soliimon. Since 1809 "UncIe'George" has been a constant resident of the townsliip. In ISl'.l he and wife joined the Church at '■ Thar])'s liun," was baptized on the fourth Sabbath in .June, 1823, by Eider .John Gut- teredge, one of the first ministers of the conn- try ; he was ordained in 1829 by .Joseph Morris, and at the request of the membersliip took pastoral charg(Mif Tharp's nun Chnii-h. He jireachcd in sevi'ial ailjoiniiig counties, rea:ularly for forty years, ami occasionally for fifty years. Elder .McColloch has been instru- mental in doing nnich good in the different fields of labor in which he has been called to work, and through his instrumentality nnniy souls fiave Ix en brought from darkness to light. Uncle (reorge is now in his (list year, and has many friends both on the other shore and on this. His name and memory will long he cherished in the community. He has for several years retired from activ(> life, and his farm, which consisted of about 200 acres, he divided among his children. For many years he Jias lived with his son .John, who was born in .January, 182i,and was married to Susan (lable, who was born in ( 'oliimbiana Co., ill J83.'3 ; has one child, Nancy M., born in Feb- ruary, 1802. .lohii and wile are members of the Lutheran Church. JOHN .MOOTS, farmer; P. O., West Lib- iM'ty; was born in Monroe T|i., April 10, MONROE TOWNSHIP. Gr.5 1-825. His p'lrenls were Georg-e and Mar- garet (Hall) Moots. He settleil on the iarni now owned by Joim H., about the year 1812, and he (.John) thinks that he was a teamster at that time. John H. was married Fel). 5, 1847, to Elizabeth Smith, who was a daughter ot Robert and Isabel (Burnside) Smith. Began poor, having one horse and §15 in money, and renting land alter mar- riage. After living tour vears on his father's farm, he moved to Paulding County. His wife , Hannah, Fred and Paid. Some of the girls have al- ready gradnati>d and arc interesting and amiable ladies. JAMES OUTLAND. farmer; P.O.. Pirk- ereltown; is the tenth chihl of a fmiiily of si,\- teen children, who were born to .losiah and Kesiah (.Marrnon) ( )ntlaiid. James was b, 1S41, and Luther C, May "'2, 1850, all ,of whom are marrii-il and SL>ttled near him, all adjoining. Mr. Handel has been long ami favorably known in the coinmunitv, and has lieen contented through life to make a n(>i)d living; he has not been eager after the vain things of this world, but his chief object has been to live an u])right life, to act well his part, and secure a reasonable competence for himself and family, all of which he has ac- complished, and thonsrh not a member of any church or society of any kind, yet his life has been characterized by honesty, sobriety and all that goes to .constitute a worlhv citizen, and one who will be lon<;- reini'inbered. REV. JAMES HANDLE, West Liberty; was born Feb. 21, ISoS, on the farm now owned by his uncle. Err Handel; James was the elilest child of a famdy of a family of three born to Elliot and Xancy Anil (Kelly) Handel; she was a daiighler of Col. Kelly of ('hampaign Co., who married Nancy Ann Gillaud, liothof whom came from Virginia. Elliot Handle was born in this township Oct. 5, 1810, and his wife, Nancy Ann, in Champaign Co., Aug. 2G, 1820. Her father, Col. David Kelly, was born Jan. 9, 178li, and his wife, Nancy Ann, June 25, 1 1 85. They raised a family of .seven children. Elliot Randle, from his birlli, was a constant resident of this township until 1805, when he moved to Lewisburg, where he dieil two y<."ars afterward, on Nov. 27, 1807, his consort hav- ing passed over on Feb. 0, 1841. James was raised to farming, haviiiii had only the usual common school advantages allnrijiHl him. At thea"£eof22 he was united bv niarria;re to I'^ii- ilv Wdlits, wli) was born in this township, Feb. 2, 18:!2, and was a dauj^hter of Charles and Eliztibeth (Jones) Willit-^. r]>on arriving at manhood, our subject having been converted, became deeply impressed that it was his duty to procdaiiu the glad tidings of salvation to his fi-llow-man, ami, ac' lated by this feeling, in lh02 he engagecl in the ministry, and two years ia er he was reffularly ordainei.i, since MONROE TOWNSHIP. 67!) which time he has labored faithfully in his Master's vineyard, and through his instru- nientalitv many souls have been led to turn from the error of their ways and find conso- lation through the atoning merits of the Sav- iour. He is connected with the Mad River As- sociation, his field of labor being mostly in Champaign Co. He has charge of one of the largest churches in the association. Brother Randle, with but the meagre advantages be- fore spoken of, has, by close study and appli- cation, risen from a farmer's boy to one among the ablest and most effective ministers in the association. He has two children, Nancy A., born in 1861, and Mary E., born in 186?. The farm of 100 acres he carries on in con- nection with his ministerial labors. He is a member of Mad River Lodge, A., F. & A. M., N... 161. .JOHN SIDESINGER, farmer; P. 0.,Zanes- field; born Feb. "^0, 18:^."), in AdamsCo., Penn.; his parents were Leonard and Nancy (Elcook) Sidesinger. He was born June 6, 1787, in the Keystone State. .John emigrated to this State with his parents in 1804, who settled in Miami Co. John has been a resident of this county since he began doing for himself. May "28, 1857. fie was mariied to Catherine Mcllvain, born in this countv. Union Tp., Nov. 24, 18:^3; dauo-h- ter of John and Ellen 13. Mcjlvain, wdio were born Jan. 2:], 1801, and May U, 1806, res- pectively, and were married April '2, 18"^9. In April, 18.57, John and his lirother Wesley began buying out the Hogue heirs' interest in a tract of land consistmg of nearly 300 acres, and finally succeeded in paying for it; since, it has been divided, .fohn owning 136 acres, where he now lives, bordering on the north part of the township. His father di«d Oct. 1, 1872. John has two sons, Alva F., born Feb. 16, 1858; and Alfred G., born Nov. 3, 1859. ROBERT SMITH, farmer; P. O., West Liberty; December 3, 1821, on the Donn Piatt farm, in the southeast part of the town- ship, was the time and place wdiere our sub- ject first began taking his first observations. His paternal ancestors were Robert and Isa- bella (Burnside) Smith. The former was born in Greenbrier Co., Va., and emigrated to this state previous to the Indian war. The Smiths and Burnsides are descendants of the Emerald Isle. Robert, Sr., died in 1836; his wife in 1851. Our subject vvas raised to hard labor, and early in life was taught the lesson of frugality and self-depeniience. In 1846 he w-as married to Mary Williams, born in Vir- ginia in 1827; dauuhter of Jesse AVilliams, whose wife was a Hdl. Since 1849 he has been a constant resident of this township. His first earnings were invested in a small tract of land to which he has added until he now has 142 acres of land, and is to-day one of the best kept and managed farms in the township, its owner appro.ximating as near the "model farmer" as any in the coun- ty. His farm has been recently adorned by one of the best barns in the township, all' of which, including fences and other improve- ments, n-ive ample testimony of the thrift of the owner. His early education was much neglected — his school having been one of hard labor, and a life of persistent economy. It has been his rule in life never to go in debt, and has never had his farm encumbered by weeds or mortgages. His wife died in starch, 1875, leaving ten children (twelve were born).. Those living are William .!., Jesse, Lucy A. (Mrs. L. D; Davis), John A., Robert, James and Henrv (twins), Emma D., Marv E. and Effic B. -MRS. LYDIA WATKINS, farmer; P. O., Pickereltown ; is the relict of Robert J. AA atkins, who was one of the prominent and successful farmers of this township. Mrs. Watkins' maiden name was Cowg-jll; she was born Feb. 1, 1818, in AVayne Tj)., Champaign Co., the younge.st of a faniilv of eleven chil- dren who were born to Thomas and Sarah (Antrim) Cowgill. Thomas Cowgill was born July 7, 1777, in the Old Dominion, and tiiey were married in 1799, and came west to Columbiana Co., in 1800, and to Cham|)aign Co., the year Mrs. Watkins was born. They raised a family of eleven children, all of whom lived to the age of 40 before there was a death in the family; he died in 1845, and his wife survived him until 1859. Both of them were members of the " Friends." On April 19, 1837. Mrs. Watkins was married to Robert .1., her husband, who was born Feb. 22, 1814, in Southampton Co., Va.; son of John W. and Elizabeth (.Johnson) Watkins. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Watkins located in Monroe Tp., first making a purchase of 100 acres, then all covered V CO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. with a heavy grout li ol' tiinbcr. Hero tliey made tlieir homo, and commonceil buildin ninth and youiigi st child of Henry ami Nancy (Pa.xson) AVilliaiiis. Henry Williams was a soldier in the war of 1812, and received a land warrant in consid- eration of his services in that contest. Hi; dieil S'>])t. 7, 1871, and his wife died in 1830, when Newton was but a small lad. Newton was raised to fanning. On Aug. "24, 1854, he was united in matrimony to JIarv Marsh, who was born in Madison Co., Ohio, in April, 1834, daughter of .lelfery and Lydia (Paxsoii) -Marsh — both from N'irginia. The Williams family is of Welsh descent. N.>wton's grand- father came from Wales. He had six sons — William, Henry, .lolin, Jesse, Jonathan and A\bsalom. After Ni.'Wton was married, he lo- cated on the homestead where he now lives. PJeveii children have been born to him, ten of when are now living — Samantha (now Mrs. TI. Lovelace); Sarah (now Mrs. E. Outland); Aii- zaletta, Darius, Olive, Emma, Clara, Frank, Elias and Eugene; Firman L., deceased. He has 100 acres of land. 3ilr. \\'illiams cast his first vote for Fremont. Ho has served nine years as Justice of the Peace, and is now serving his third term as Township Clerk. He and his brother Henry have been very effi- cient and caiiabh* oiruers in the townshi|). JOHN W. WATKIX.S farmer; P. ( ).. Piek- oroltown; is the fifth child of luibert J. and lA'dia (Cowgill) Watkins, to whom were born thirteen chihlron, .lolm making his first observations Oct. 7, 1845, on the home- stead liiriii. At the time of the breaking out of the late I'ebellion, he was but a lad of 15, and not old (Miougli to be regularly en- listed as a soldier, and, not being able to gain his ]>:irents' consent to go in as a musician, he was barred out, but determining to go to war, he rail off and enlisted, but was brought back by his father; this was rejieated for twt'lve consecutive eiilistments, but on the thirteenth he was linally mustered into the 132(1 Uegt. O. N. G., (.'o. I.; u|)on the expiration of his iiilistmiMit h(^ altended school two years, at L'banon. ().; n'tiirniiig home, he entered the store of Peiinock & Cru/.er. at West Liberty, witere he iiDiciated as clerk for four years. ' ' 1SG8, he was married to Allie A. ,1. MONROE TOWNSHIP. 6S1 Day. In the spring of 1869, he moved to Jas- per Co., Mo., and remained two years, when he returned in the fall of 1871, his wife hav- ing died the May preeeding, 1870. Feb. 23, 1872, he was married to Jennie Tarbutton, born March 13, 1850, near Huntsville, this county, and is a daughter of William E. and Rachel Worknaan; who was born March 18, 1812, in Maryland; he died September, 1878. Mr. Watkins ha;s 141 acres of land near Pick- ereltown, on the west, formerly owned by George Loveless. They have two children — Arthur, born Jan. 21, 1875; and Eddie, born April 18, 1877. ELLIS WILLITS, farmer; was born July 18, 1832, in this township, the youngest of a fMUiily of two children who were born to (Jharles and Elizabeth (.fones) Willits. Charles Willits was born in Fairfield Co., in 181], and came; to this township in 1810, and settled where .James Randel now lives. His father's name was Richard, and he was a native of Pennsylvania. Elizabeth Jones, the mother of Ellis, was born in April, 1807, and still survives her husl)and, who departed this iife October 13, 1874. On December 6, 1857, Ellis was married to Hepsibah Hyatt, who was born Sept. 22, 1835, in this town- shi]i, daughter of John and Rutii Hyatt. Mr. Hyatt was a native of Grayson Co., Va., and liis wife of Logaji Co., O. After ICllis' marriage he resumed farming; he came to the farm he now owns in 18l!7; it was known as the Carroll farm, and consisted of 220 acres. Six children have crowned the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Willits, whose names are — Wil- liam L., born Dec. 31, 1858; Maud L., June 24, 1801; Aurie, June 8, 1805; Charles, Jan. 1, 1807; Maud E., Nov. 3, 1872; Hattie F., June 3, 1870. Mrs. Willits, his wife, and three children are members of the Baptist Church. His father, likewise, during his life was identified with that organization, and was one of its valued followers and consistent members. NOAH YODER, farmer ; P. O., Bcllefon- tanie. Among the pniminent farmers and self-made men in Monroe Tp. is Noah Yoder, who connneneed his business career in this township without m 'ans or pecuniary aid, and has at length risen to the front rank of Logan County's agriculturists. He was born April 10, 1827, in .Mifflin Co., Pennsylvania, son of Christian and Mary (Sum- mer) Yoder, and emigrated with therti to this State in the spring of 1845; after two years residence in Champaign Co., they located in Monroe Tp., on the farm now owned Ijy Christian Zook, upon which place they re- mained until their deaths. Noah was first married to Barbara Hartzler, who was a daughter of Abraham and Martha (Zook) Hartzler; she bore him six children, who were — -Manassa, .John AV., A. Alonzo, Charles, Estilena and Fannie B. She died Feb. 10, 1872. He was married to his present viife, Sarah Troyer, in March, 1874; she was born .July 12, 1830. in Wayne Co., O. ; daughter of Jacob and Fannie (Yoder) Troyer. Mr. Troyer was born in Somerset Co., and his wife in Mifflin Co., both of Pennsylvania. She was of a family of eleven children, si.\ girls and five boys. One child has crowned this union — ^lary M., born April, 1875. Mr. Yoder's farm is located in the northwest part of the township, four and one half miles from Bellefontaine, and consists of 250 acres of choice land, which is adorned with the best of improvements in the way of fruit and farm- buildings; the latter, newly erected, are sub- stantial and commodious. He and his wife are members of the Mennonite Church. JONAS P. YODER, farmer; I^ O., West Liberty. Among the prominent farmers and self-made men of this township is.Ionas Yoder, who was born in Mifflin Co., Pcnn., in August, 1815; the second of a family of twelve chil- dren, who were born to Christv and Mary (Summers) Yoder, both natives of Pennsyl- vania. Jonas began doing business for him- self without money or "backing," his father having been unfortunate in losing his means by " backing," had nothing to bestow upon his family in the way of worldly goods. Jonas stayed with his father until 25 years of age, when, in February, 1842, he was mar- ried to livdia Sharp, who was born in 1821 in .Mifflin Co., Penn.; daughter of Samuel and Martha (Hostettler) Sharp. After renting six years, in order to better his fortunes he wended his way westward, in 1850, to the Buckeye State, lanciing in I^ogan Co,, where his pari'nts had preceded him in 1845. .Jonas' first purchase was 90 acres of land in the west part of Monroe Tp.; he removed to his present place in 1807. Mr. Yoder has now ±=4^ 682 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 550 acres of excellent land, all of which is a credit to his industry and t;oiid mauasrciiient. Not given tospecidation or trade, lie lias bent his entire energies to farming, and to this alone is to be ascribed the cause of his suc- cess. Attending to his own personal con- cerns, kind and accotninodating, he has the good-will and esteem of his neighbors and friends, and is among the stanch and reliable citizens in the community. Has raised a fam- ily of seven children, who are — Samuel, Christy, Mary, now Mrs. Hooley; Mino, Martha, now Mrs. Abram King; Kufus and Simon, all of whom, except ilary, are resi- dents of the count}-. He, his wife, and sev- eral of the family are members of the .Meii- nonite (^hurch. CHHISTIAX V. ZOOK, farmer; P. O., West Liberty; l)orn in Mifflin Co., Peiiii., Jan. 20, 1848; is the youngest child of Christian and Barbara (Voder) Zook, to whom nine children were born. Cliristian was raised to farming pursuits, his father being one of the prominent and well-to-do agricul- turists in that county. ( )ur subject left the parental h>1T8 per acre, and in 18T3 came to this county and l)urchased 117 acres, where he now lives, af- terwartls adding to it until he now has 185, which is under excelli>nt improvement. In 18G5 he was married to Malinda Voder, a na- tive of Mifflin Co., Pa., daughter of .Jacob Yoder. She died in 18(15, leaving one child, since deceased. In 18tj7, during the month of October, he was married to Mary Peight, who was born in May, 1848, in Pennsylvania, and came West to this State with her parents. Four children have becTi born to Mr. and Mrs. Zook — Ennna, Mary, Johnnie and Eldora. Mr. Zook and wife are members of the Menniinite Church and Republican in sen- timent. RUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP. JA^^<:S p.. ADAMS, farmer; P. ()., JJig Springs. The family line of James Rose Adams takes origin in this sketch with Robert .Vilams, a nativc-lxirn Kngiishnian, who, at an i^arlv (lav, came to the I'nited States, and died in Pennsylvania. His son, James Adams, married .Marv Kose, daugliti'roC Edward Ros(^, of I Jed ford Co., i'a., and was born in 17i)l; his son, .lames Rose Adams, was lioin in Na- pier Tp-, Medford Co., on the (itlidayof May, I SI 2. His father, befori' he had attained his second year, was brought by his mother's father, Edward Rose, to Peri-y Co., ( )lii(), in ISlH, thev moving into a caliin ]irepared with iMirt-holes, bv nu>ans of which they defended thiMiiselves against the attacks of Indians. At the age of 12, his grandmother n Adams, born .luly 27, 1884, was in Co. I, Pith (). V. I., was in twenty-live battles, aiul in Libby I'rison four months; Sarah .lane. May 11, 1S8C; Nancy Ann, Jan. 17, 1888; Mary Elizabeth, .lune 2(!, 1841; Clemeiisa. .\ng. 2, 1S48; died Oct. 10, 1841; James Madison, born Feb. 4, 1S4(J; Amanda Etta. Dec. 22, 1S4S; Ella, Jan. 8, I8.')(), dieers of the same r'hurch. PKTEH BOWKH, farmer; P. O.. Big Springs; Peter Bowi-r, Sr., was a nativ(> of (iernuiny, and came to the United States many years ago. Jacob Bower, Peter's son, is a iiativeland, bom March 24,18.52, died Dec. 13, 1853; Mary Malinda, born Jan. 28, 1854, died Nov. 10, 180i); Georgi- Nace, Jr., born Aug. 28, 1850 (called for the tienrge deceased). .Marv Frances, wife of William Bruce, died .luly 2.5, 1857. On Oct. 27, ls5r, he mariod Elizabeth Ann Huntington, who was killed by a lunaway horse on Sept. 10, 185'J; on J\nie I'.J, 1800", he married his third wife, Marv L. Selders. The children were — Elizabeth" Frances, born March 11, 18G1, died ^'- A. EUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP. 685 April 4, 1879; she was the wife of Elias Rumer; Marv L., wife of William Bruce, died JIarch 30, 1879. On Feb. 19, 1880, William Bruce married his fourth wife in the person of Emma Adelaid(> Canaan. By oc- cupation William is a farmer, stock-ljreeder and shipper, devoting his attention more par- ticularly to hoEjs. He is a member of the Disciples' Church; has been a member of the Order of Masons, and of the Odd Fellows, of the Sons of Temperance; of the Union League, and lastly a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. Durina; the war of the Rebellion, he and two of his sons served in Co. F., 23rd O. V. I. William served under Gen. Phil Sheridan, was wounded in the battle of Cloyd Mountain, and captured by Gen. .John Jlorgan, May 9, 1SG4; he was in captivity three months, and escaped in August, 18G4. As a civilian he has held several offices, and was the first commissioned officer in the county, being- commissioned a lieutenant of militia. ROBERT C. CLOUGH, tile maker; P. O., Rushsylvania. John Clough was a native of Connecticut, born on the 28th of August, 1788; his wife was Deborah Slumlord, born Dec. 8, 1785, and daughter of Lillibridge Mum- ford. John Clough removed from Connecti- cut to Pennsylvania, settling in Wavne Co., that State. David Clough, John's son, was born in Wayne Co., Pa., July 12, 1812. In 1835 David Clouerh married Derinda Kinof, daughter of Benjamin King, Escj., of Rhode Island, and she was born Sept. 25, 1808. Robert C. Clough was born Dec. 1, 1838, in Wayne Co., Pa. On the 28th day of Feb- ruary, 18G7, he married .luiia E. Dix, daughter of David Dix, of the county and State afore- said. In 18(;)8 he came to Champaign Co., O., and on the 24th day of December," 1809, lo- cated at Rushsylvania, in Logan Co.; they have no children, the family consisting of Mr. Clough and wife only. Robert C. Clough is one of the business men of the county; he is largely engaged in the manufacture of drain- tile, and this industrj' he has carried to a high degree of perfection, having perhaps the most extensive establishment in the county, or equal to any in central Ohio; the permanent and extensive buildings and fixtures on his premises for the prosecution of the business in which Mr. Clough is engaged, are inost potent evidences of the energy and enterprise of the man. Himself and "vvife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Rush- sylv.inia, and Jlr. Clough is also a member of the order of the Patrons of Husbandrv. GEORGE ORR DAY, miller; Rushsyl- vania. The Day family was one of the stand- ard families of New .Jersey. Joseph Day married Susanna White, who was born on Long Island; he removed from New Jersey to Washington Co., Penn., where, during his residence, all of his children were born; their names were Cyrus, Louis, .Josiah, .John and Mary, five in all. From Washington Co., Penn., he removed to .leftVrson Co., Ohio, where he died aiul was buried; his widow removed with her son, .John Day, to Licking- Co., Ohio, where she died and was buried. The chil- dren all, save John, Mary and Louis, died in .Jefferson Co., Ohio; Mary died in Muskingum Co., Louis removed to Illinois, and Jolm is now a resident of Rushsjdvania, Logan Co. ■John Day's first wife was .lane (Jrr, of .fefl'er- son Co., by whom he had two children — Thomas and Martha Jane; his second wife was Margaret Wilkins, by whom he had eight children — Julia Ann, Susanna, Elizabeth, Mary, George Orr, .James Renwick, Isabella, Allison and John Cameron. Margaret Wil- kins was the daughter of Matthew Wilkins, of Harrison Co., Ohio. In 1852, John Day came to Logan Co., Ohio; his family are George Orr Day, born May 4, 1829, in Licking Co., and ou the 20th day of Se])tend)er, 1851, mar- ried to Hannah ^liti-hell, the daughter of David and Nancy Mitchell, and whose maiden name was Nancy Aikin, likewise of Logan Co., Ohio. George O. Day's family are — David Stewart, born Sept. 1, 18G0; John Wylie, Nov. 1, 1864, and Nancy Aletta, March 10, 18G7. The occupation of George O. Day is that of a miller, and he controls the only industry of that kind in the village, and one of the leading establishments of the kind in that part of the county; its contiguity to the railroad track gives it every facility for trade, and its efficient management renders it one of the most useful institutions of the place- He is connected witii the Reformed Presbyterian Church, of v.'hich he is an elder. His ideas as to what constitutes the true citi- zen are of a high moral and religious order, and to this end and aim he lives himself. TU --['i' 086 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHX R. DEAUl)ORFr<\ farm'er; P. O., Bisr Sprino-s. Henry Di-anloiff was a Ger- man, wliose ancestors settled m v iririnia, in an early day. Abraham Deardorff, his son, came from Bedford Co., Va., and setth^d in Lo<)-ai\ Co., in ISIil ; Henry Deardorfl" had two other sons, Peter and Jacoh Deardortf. Abra- ham Deardorff liad five ohiidnMi: Samuel, Abraham, Mary Frances, John R., and Susan Catherine. Samuel resides in Pauldino: Co., Ohio; Abraham in Kosciusko Co., Ind.; .Mary Frances married Georjnje Predmore ami re- siiles in Bokes Creek Tp., I^ogan Co., Ohio. John R. was born in Rush Creek T]).; nuir- ried in tliat townshij), and ever since his mar- riaj^e lias resided in that township; Susan Catherine, the wife of Charles Titus, is a resi- dent of Rush Creek Tp.; the wife of John R. Deardorff was one Rebecca Jane Predmore, who was l)orn Nov. 21, 1834, in Guernsey Co., O. She was the daughter of John and Susaiuiah Preilmore, of tiie State of New Jersev. Susannah's family name was Dn(»r; her family were of j^nijlish nativity. John R. Deardorff was born Jan. 'J, l.s:!::^, in 1/On'an Co., O., and his marriage occurred Jan. 11. 18.')5, in Rushsylvania, Logan Co., O. The names of his family and the dates of their births are: Nicholas Jasper, l)orn Sept. 16, IS.J.i; died Se|)t. 24 of the same year. Ostrella, born Se|)t. S, 1S.5(>, in I^ogan Co., O., and married to Geoige Fergusdii Feb. ."), 18i4. Littleton, born June 1,.1H.JS; died June 28, 18T3. John Milton, born Jan. li, 1801. Joseph Henry, born .March 15, 18015. Rosa Ellen, l)orn BVb. 1, 180.). Charles William Bran- don, i)orn Aug. 21, 1808. Benjamin Stanton Allison, l)orn Sept. 10, 1871. Samuel Edwin, born .March 31, 1878, in Logan Co., (3. By handicraft John l{. Deardorff is a carpenter, which trade he followed prior to and for some tinn^ al'ter his marriage, when he l)e- came a farmer and ever since has so contin- ueil; he rears all kinds of farm stuck, but makes a S]iecialty of cattle at present, and hereafter makingsh<>ep iuisbandry his cardinal aim. The family's cluu'ch connections are with the Protestant .Methodist Church. In Aug\ist, l.S(;2, .Fohn R. Deardorff eidisted in Co. K, 121st Regt., O. V. L; he was in the battle of Perrysville, Ky., so well remembered, and was with the regiment at that point for about a miintii, when he was removed with the regiment to I.,ebanon, by a forced march; .soon after his arrival he was taken sick, and, on tlie removal of the regiment, was left in the hospital; after about si.\ weeks, he was sent to r^ouisville, Ky., and remained there until granted a discharg«!-fnrlough; he re- turned home the latter part of February, 1803, ajid in May following he received his final discharge. In 1801 he removed to the farm where he now resides, acting in the dmdjle capacity of tenant and agent for Col. C. W. B. Allison, who removed from Belle- fontaine to Wheeling, West Va., in 1.S70, where he has ever since been living-. He h: s reared and educated his family, |)urchase(l and improved a farm of 78 acres in Hardin Co., and thus shown Avhat integrity, iiulustry and energy may aceomj)lisli, notvvithstanding the disadvantage of bad health. DR. ISAAC A. DORAN. physician; Rush- sylvania. The Doran family was one of the French Huguenot families who came over before the Rt>volution and settled in .Vmerica, in the State of New Jersey* Thomas Doran, Sr., was fine of the first American desc em])Ioy of S. ]5. Stillwell, and ever since has remained at this place. July 8, 1875, in com- pany with his brother .lolin, he visited Can- ada, via Detroit and Chatham, where he vis- ited thi- Thames battle-ground; he went from thence eighty- miles to Comoea, and finding here whole communities bearing the name of Edwards, cjiiiniing- connection and soliciting further ac(piaiiitan('e, they tarried three weeks and visiting in this community. It was here he met Dr. John Edwards, ])ro- fessor of medicine, from AVales, from whom he obtained his celebrated cancer and diph- theria cures, which have contributed so much to his notoriety. His wife, whose name was Lucinda Byrd, was a native of Jefferson Co., Va.; her mother anil two sisters died of the cholera; she was brought by her aunt to Cliauipaign Co., Ohio, in 1831; s!ie was then in her ninth year, being born Oct. 13, 182^. At her marriiige. she was the owner of nine slaves, all af whom slu' liberati'd by hiring and ap]>lving the procec-ds of their labor to that purpose. Dr. .loseph Edwards has two chihlren; his iddest, .\ngeline, born (_)ct. 28, 1844, is the wife of Kdwanl Thornton, of the city of Chicago, engaged in the ilry goods business. Ifiioda, iiis second ilaughter, was born Oct. 31, 1851; she is the wife of John (^)uigly, of tialion, Ohio, an enginei'r on (he C, C, C. & I. I{. K. CUIJiEltrSOX ELDER, merchant; Rush- sylvania. W'e commence this family line wilh John Elder, who was born in Peimsylvania, 'k RUSH CKEEK TOWNSHIP. 689 and removed from there with his family to Columliiaiia Co., O., where he died. Abra- ham Elder, his son, also a native of Penn- sylvania, married Jane Johnson, the daughter of Robert .Johnson, and then remo\od with his family to Perry Co., O.; his children were — Cnlbertson, born June 22, 1S07, and .fane (now dead), who married John Pol- hjck, of Logan Co., O., .folin, deceased, Margaret, who married .lohn Coulter, now deceased, but whose son. Dr. John Coulter, Jr., is the present Recorder of Logan Co., .Tames, deceased, Robert, who married Martha Keers, of Logan Co., Dr. Abi'aham, who married Mary Wallace, and who is a practicing physician of Hunts- ville, Logan Co., Maria, who married David Torrence, of Greene Co., O., and Rebecca, who married David Laughhead, of Greene Co.; she is now deceased. On the Tth day of May, 1829, Culbertson Elder married Miss Eliza Ann Stewart, whose father, Roliert Stewart, came from Ireland in his lOth year, settling in 15ucks Co., Pa., and who, with his wife, Mary, removed to Perrj-^ Co., 0., which will bo n(jticed hereafter. Eliza Ann was born Oct. 17, 1800. Culbertson Elder's fami- ly consists of Milton S., born March 1, 1830, now a dry-goods merchant and postmaster at Mt. Victory, Hardin Co. He received his ap- pointment as P. M. under James Buchanan, and has retained the appointment over since. Sarah Jane, born Jan. 7, 1832, and who was a teacher for a mnnber of years prior to her marriage with James Raj', of Illinois, now de- ceased, his widow being at this time a resi- dent of Rushsylvania, Logan Co. Eliza Ann, born in Bellefontaine, July 12, 183G, married Milton Smith, of Hardin Co., in 18.56, and died about a year after marriage. ^largaret, born June 22, 1848, in Har. 9, 1S59. Isaac Ells- wf>rth was twice married; his first wife, Hachel Ellsworth, was born March IG, 18:30. Bv oc- cupation G. W. Ellsworth is a farmer, who raises horses, cattle, hogs, and the usual farm productions. He is a second cousin to the late lamented Col. Ellsworth, who fell at the hand of an assassin, whilst haiding down the; rebel flag at Alexandria, Va., May 24, 18G1. A.MBHOSE .1. FAW'CETT, farmer; P.O., Rushsylvania. The Fuwcett family, which consisteil of three brothers, came from Ireland about 1G75, and settled in \'irginia, in Frederick Co. .lohn Fawcett, oni' of the first descendants, born in the Shenandoah N'alley, in 1751, was a native of Frederick Co., \'a.; his children wore — Isaac, born in 1782; Elijah, born 1784; Sarah, born 1785; Nathan, burn 1787; David, born 17s9; Eliza- beth, l)orn 1791; .fesse, born 1793; Susan, born 1795; .Vlban, born 1799; all in Fred- erick Co., \'a. John Fawcett, father of the above, died in Frederick Co., Va., in 1814. About 1H21 Isaac emigrated to the State of Tennessee, and was drowned shortly after his arrival liy the sinking of a steamboat on the Mississippi river. In 1824 David removed to Inilraiia and fell a victim to the malarial died. The widow of John son, Elijah, her daughters, climate and Fawcett, her Elizalx'th, Sarah and Susan, and her youngest son, Alban, removed to Clinton Co., Ohio, in 1822; Jesse followed in 182G; Nathan in 1827 ; Nathan and Alban never married ; .fesse in the latter part of 1814 married Philadelphia Holloway of Frederick Co., twelve y<'ars before his removal to Ohio; she was Abel HoUoway's daughter. Jesse's family w(>re — Ambrose J., born Sept. 2G, 1810; Robert B., Owen and Archibald born in Frederick Co., Va.; Ann .lane, Piiscilla and Edwaril, born in Clinton Co., Ohio, and Sarah, born in Logan Co., Ohio. In ls;i2 Jesse settled in Logan Co., Rush Creek Tp., and on the 1st day of July, 1870, in his 77th year, he dejjarted this life, and was buried near Zanesfield. On the 2Gth day of .May, 1880, Philadelphia, his wife, died in her 8r)th year, and was buried besinergy; ho jirefers the raising of horses and cattle to any other stock, and this department receives marked attention from him. He is a member of the Friends' Society, and, as is their maimer, is noted for his ])eaceful proclivities, gem'ral infornnition and imlustrious habits. I lis daughter, Estaline, is a lady of culture and rare music:d ss, willing and reatly at all times to nuike ])ersonal sacrifices for the public good, and the advancement of learning. He held the office of school examiner in the progressive county of Logan. MICHAEL GEORGE, farmer; P. 0., Rush- sylvania. Henry George, Sr., was a Scotch- man, who, with his wife, Sarah Hoosack, emi- grated to this country and settled in Penn- sylvania. Henry George, Jr., was born iti Washington Co., Pa., and united in marriage with Maria Dolman, daughter of John Dol- man, of Washington Co., Pa. After marriage he settled in .Muskingum Co., O.; his family consisted of Mary, born in Washington Co., Pa.; Michael, born in the same i-ounty, Oct. 15, 1822; Joanna, born in Washington Co., Pa., and Alexander, Margaret, William, Eliz- abeth, Sarah, Henry and Maria, born in Mus- kingum Co., O. The deceased niendjers of this family are^ — Mary, James Renwick, Han- nah ilaria, Alexander, Elizabeth, Argyle and Robert, seven in all. In 1837 HenryGeorge, Jr., removed from Muskingum to Adams Co., in southern Ohio, and in 1850 to Logan Co. During his residence in Adams Co., his wife, Maria, died, and was buried in Locust Grove Cemetery. Henry died aft^r his settlement in Rushsylvania, in 1875, and was buried at Northwood Cemetery, Logan Co. In 1845, on the 17th day of Februar\', Michael George and Hannaii Hutciieson were married. She was the daughter of James and Sarah Hutcheson, of Guernsey Co., O., and for one year after marriage they resided in Pittsburgh, Pa., and then came to Adams Ct)., O., where tiiey re- mained uiiuHcen years, and then came to Lo- gan Co., where he has resided twenty-two years. The children of Michael George are — Sarah E., born Aug. 9,1846, and who married J. R. Wylie, of Guernsey Co.; Hannah M., born March 10, 1849, in Adams Co., and who married A. W. Patterson, also of Guernsey Co.; Sanuu'l A. George, born S(!])t. 28, 1851; James H., born July 7, 1854, and died Oct. 22, 1855, in Adams Co., O.; Mary .Fane, born May 25, 1801, and Agnes Isabella, boiti Feb. 25, 1865. By occupation Michael Goorg(> is a farnu'r, who more particularly directs liis at- tention to sheep husbandry, in which he is largely engaged. His fine farm, which is called "Fountain Farm," on account of the fine flowing fountain on the premises, is near E(]uality Church School and Cemetery, two miles from the enterprising village of Rush- sylvania, on the Bee Line Railroad, and about an equal distance from the village of Big Springs. In point of location it is a most desir- able one. Mr. George is a member of the Re- formed Presbyterian Church, and his position as elder in that church is the best evide?iceof his Christian standing. His son, Samuel A. George, now located at xMansfield, is a minister in the aforesaid denolnination and a graduate of Geneva College, at Northwood. On the 12th day of January, 1880, Mrs. Hannah George died and was buried in the cenietorv at Northwood, Logan Co., O. DR. WILLIAM M. GO'ODIX)VE, jihysi- cian; Rushsylvania. Conrad Goodlove was born in Germany, and, coming to the United States, settled in Berks Co., Pa. He married Catherine McKinnon, of Clarke Co., O., ami after marriage he removed to Ohio, settlino- on Buck Cieek, near Yazell's Mills, in Clarke Co. The family are John, who married Mar- garet Staples, then of Clarke Co., but v.!,o was born in Baltimore, Md.; Nancy, who married Dr. Milton Hunter, of Catawba, who lives in the same house in which he resided when he was married; Joseph Goodlove, who ^1^ fjf 692 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. married ilargaret Hollingshead, of the town of Pemherton, Shelby (J().,0., and William, who married in Iowa; John Goodlove was born in L'larke Co., O., Nov. 2, 1825, and married Margaret E. Staples, who was born July 1, 1831. She was the daughter of Cap- tain William F. Staples, who was lost at soa in 18:58. The death of .(ohn Goodlove occurred at Quincy, in l^ogan Co., in 185(j, and he was buried in the cemetery at that ])lace. His willow married I ). II. McKinnon, then of I-ogan Co., O., now of Clny Co., 111. On this fanuly line comes Dr. William AI. Goodlove, horn Oct. 15, 184(j, in Clarke Co., O., near Spring- field, and also near Pleasant Hill t'hurch, where all the deceased relatives of the late •John Goodlove are interred. At the ago of 15 years, Dr. William M. Goodlove enlisted as a soldier in the 5Tth (J. V. I., and served to the close of the war in the loth Army Corps, under Gen. .lohn A. Logaii, ''Sherman's Army," and was discharged at Little Hock, Ark. In the fall of 18G5 Dr. Cioodlove en- tered the University of Ann Arbor, Michigan, took a regular coiu'se of education at that in- stitution, and in 1808 entered the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, and took a progressive course, graduating in 18(>8, and commenlace, and, as might be expectecl from his diplomas, his lil)rary and liis experience, his field of labor enlarge,*, his ])ractice extends. In ])reparing liiniscif for Iiis ])ri)fession, he has patronized leading seats of learning in each department. Cool and deliberate in method, close in application, and determined in purpose, he moves to the music- of progress. His family are Charles Willis, born .March 7, in St. Henry's, Mer- cer ('o., 0.; liiMijumin P'ranklin, born March 22, 1871, in Lewistown, Logan ('".; Laura Hellen, born Dec. 20, 1873, and died Sept. 2, 1878, and was buried in the cemetery at Uuslisylvania; Covert, born Nov. 28, 1879, in Pushsvlvaiiia, Lou-an Co., O. JACOB GIt.\151FL, farmer; P. O., Rush- sylvania. John tirabiel, who was the father of John Grabiel and the grandfather of .lohn and Jacob Grabiel, came from Shenandoah Co., Va., in 1814. .lohn Cirabiel, the father of Jacob Grabii'l, was born in Shenandoah Co., Va., in I78(), and married Mary Haas; ilaughter of .lohn Haas, of that county, and in 1812 left Virginia and came to Licking Co., O. Jacob Grabiel, the third son of .lohn Grabiel, was born .fan. 12, 1820, in Licking Co. On the 14tli day of February, 185."), Jacob married Mary Jane Westlake, dang-liter of Zeiihaniah Westlake, and Isabella, his wife, of Union Co., O. Zephaniah was the third son of Samuel and Elizabeth Westlake, wliose maiden name was Elizabeth Peid, who was born in New .(ersev, of Irish parentnge. Mary .lane, now Mrs. Grabiel, was born .\ug. 31, 1831, in Union Co., O. Samuel was the son of George and Mercy Westlake, whosi! maiden name was Wellanii; born in England. George and Mercy Westlake were the great- grandpar(>nts of the aforiMii(>ntioned West- lakes. Isabella ^^"ostlake, daughter of William and Mary Gregg, born in Kentucky, June 3, 1818, and whose maiden name was Mary Goldsberry; married Zephaniah West- lake, Nov. 12, 1829. Mrs. Gregg was the daughter of John and Sallv Goldsberry (.Miss Sally Potts, of Philadelphia, Pa.). In lS4(i i Jacob Grabiel came, in company with his brother John, to Logan Co., ami iiurchased, in jiartnership, the lands where they now resid(!, and for three years boarded with George Ansley, when they made arrangements to keep "bach(dor's hall" together, which felici- tous plan they followed for two years, .laiob acting in the capacity of cook, until, satisfied with this stu])id ]>rogramine, married and set up in life on a higher plane, and has the fol- lowing family: Ell wood Lawrence, born March 5, 1850, and married Nannie Early Jan. 21, 1879; (iilbert C, born March 22, 1858, now in Kansas; Zephaniah Orlaiid, born April 20, 1800; Peuben Ellsworth, born Jiily 13, 1803; Josejih Gordon, born Feb. 20, ISOO; \'iriril Leon, born April 10, 1868; Calvin .I.HVrs, born Oi't. 17, l^^'l. l^v occupation RUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP. 693 Jacob Grabiel is a farmer; he raises stock and buys and sells cattle, sheep and hogs. He has all the necessary appointments of a well arranged farm; moral, intellectual and re- ligious improvement are assiduously cared for by the parents, who, together with theii- four eldest children, are members of the Presby- terian Church in Rushsylvania. JOHN GRABIEL, farmer; P. O., Rush- sylvania. Jacob Grabiel was of transatlantic origin, and was a citizen of Shenandoah Co., Va. ; John Grabiel, Sr., .Jacob's son, was born in the same county, in the year 1786; he married Mary Haas, daughter of .fohn Haas, of Shenandoah Co., Va., and in 181;i removed to Licking Co., Ohio; John Grabiel, Jr., was born Dec. 7, 1SI.5, in Licking Co., ()., and in I84G came to Logan Co., and purchased the lands on which he now finds himself so com- fortably situated; he continued to improve his lands until on the 31st of Decein])er, 18")?, tired of single blessedness, he married the lady of his choice. Miss Sarah D. Tharp, daughter of William and Mary Tharp, of Jefferson Tp., Logan Co.; she was born Nov. "28, 183-1, in the aforesaid township, and at her marriage was a member of the Baptist Ciiurch. John GrabiePs family are — Luthera (Juindaro, born Nov. 8, 1858, and died Nov. 15, 1861; Mary Emeline, born Nov. 33, 1800, and died Nov. 7, 18G1; William Hillman, born Aug. 5, 18(>i; Elma Vidella, born Dec. 3, 1804; John Welling, born March 17, 1807; Herman Honneli, born July 0, 1800: Rachel 0\gA, born Feb. 9, 1873; Sarah Elizabeth, born Aug. 30, 1875, and Annah Lois, lioi'ii .March 14, 1878. By occupation John Grabiel is a farmer, who not oidy raises all farm stocks, but Iniys and sells it, and as an agriculturist is active and energetic in the production of the usual farm products, such as wheit, corn, etc. Around his home there seems to linger an air of thriftiness, and a spirit of generous hospitality pervades the household. His church connections, which are Presbyterian, and his household education are marked char- acteristics of his Christian aims, and moral and intellectual intuitions, both as it regards his position in the community and his kind intentions to his family and posterity. JESSE JENKINS, farmer; P. O. Rush- sylvania. William Jenkins is a native of Wales, and left that country and set- tled in Washington Co., Pa., iluring the Revolutionary war. His son, Samuel, was born in Washington Co., prior to their removal to Ross Co., O., in 1778. It was, however, in 1803, that the family removed to Ross Co., O. Here Samuel married Anna Cooney, who was born in the State of Maryland. A part of Samuel's family was born in Ross Co. — Amanda, born in 1818; Rebecca, born in 1830, and Jesse, born Aug. 18, 1833. In 1834 the family left Ross Co. and came to Marion Co., O., settling on the waters of the Little Scioto, in Greene Camp Tp. Here four children were born and died. In 1833 Samuel removed to McArthur Tp., Logan Co., settling on the waters of the Cherokee. In this township .fane audi John Jenkins were born. Another removal occur- red, which located the family on the Dry Fork of the Miami, at Northvvood. Here David, Catharine and Minerva were born. .Icsse Jenkins was born in Oldtown, Ross Co., and married Miss Elizabeth Bennett, Jan. 30, 1859; she was the daughter of Henry and Mary Bennett, of Logan Co., and the childnm by this marriage are — Samuel Fremont, born Oct. 37, 1859, in Rush Creek Tp., Logan Co.; Clarabel, born in 1801; Marietta, born in 1863; Amanda Jane, born in 1864; William Stanton, born in 1800; Lizzie Minerva, born in 1808, and Carrie May, born in 1870, all in Rush Creek Tp. By occupation, Jesse Jenk- ins is a farmer, being one of the early settlers, and, in consequence of three removals, he has, of necessity, hewn three farms out of the hitherto unbroken forest, two of them prior to his marriage. After his marriage he set- tled where he now I'esides, and began to gather around him the comforts and conven- iences of a well regulated home. He received but a j)ioneer's education in the pioneer schoolhouse, built of logs, with clapboard and weight-pole roof, paper windows, punch- eon desks, seats and floor; and, in fact, the family mansion was a similar edifice, and where, instead of a Chickering piano, or an Estoy organ, the howling baritones of wolves could be heard. Now how changed! His farm blossoms as the rose; the wild woods have forever disapjieared. Horses, cattle and farm stock roam over his pleasant fields, and as regards the raising of horses, he is second to none in Rush Creek Tp. in the quality of an BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. his stock. He is progressive in oflucational inovenients, a consisti'iit iiieniln-r of the Ciuin'h of tiio Disciples, and besi(h>s aiming to give his lamily advantages to wiiich, in his j'outh, he was a stranger; he has lor them preserved this record and his fair fame. MAirriN .lOlLXS'l'OX, farmer; P. O., Rusiisvlvania; came from Trehmd at an early day, and settled in Pennsylvania; his son, Gi'orge .Johnston, came from Pennsylvania to Wayne Co., Ohio, settling near Wooster. Martin .Johnston, Georg-e's son, was born in Wayne Co., Ohio, .Ian. 14, 182G. The family history embraces Thomas Scott, one of the earliest settlers in Licking Co., Ohio, and his son, Thomas Scott, Jr., born in Jvicking Co., but who was among th(> earliest of the I.,ogan Co. pioneers; and is the owner of the first do 'k brought to lacking (Jo. It was owned by liis father, and is now running in the house of Thomas Scott, .Jr., and, although it is over 1(1(1 years old, it is one of those tall wooden clocks denominated "wall swee[)ers," and a fit subject for any museum. Nancy I'attorsoTi, the daughter of Abraham Patterson, a native of Ireland, came with her father to Mercer Co., l^enn. Abraham was a refugee from the rebellion of 17!lS. Martin .Johnston and Martha Scott were married .June 21, 18-19, in Logan Co., Ohio. To render the line com- plete, is to [idd that Peter Dorr, a I'ennsyl- vaiiian, settled in ^\'ayne Co., Ohio; then Martin's mother was Peter Derr's daughter, .Mary, wlio married George .Johnston, Martin's father, in JS"^4. Martin Johnston's children — George (Jillespie, born Julv 5, IH/iO, died July 31, IK.JI; Nancy, born Oct. :J, 18.51, di(Ml Sept. "^4, 187.5; Thomas Abraham, born Au!i. 'i'i, 18.");j; .lames Kenwick, Feb. I, 18.")(); .Mary Jane, Jan. I'.t, 18:)8, die.! .Fan. 'i, 1870; William .loseph, born July 12, Is.")'.), died July :il, 1S(J(); Sarah Kliza, born Aug. 29, ISIJl, ilied Feb. Kf, 187(1; .lohn Knox, born June 19, 181)7. l$y occupation, Martin .lohn- stoii is a farmer, and raises the stock usual tn all well-ciinducted and prudently arraniifecl farms. The family are members of the Ki- formi'd I'resbyterian Church, in l{ushsylvania, and linn believers in the iloctrines resvdting friim till- grejit L'l'furmation. .lOlIX KAITZ.MAN, Sit., was bom in I^ancasler Co., Penn., on the l.")tli day of .May, 1782, of German parentage; wh le young, he removed to Franklin Co., where, at the age of 23, he was married to May Cook. In the fall of 1812, moved to Shenandoah Co., Va.; he owned the mill on Cedar Creek, which was burned In-'Gen. Sheridan's troo])s during the rebellion. In 1814, he moved to Augusta Co., where he lived until the fall of 184.5, when he moved to F^ogan Co., Ohio, and S(.'t- tled upon the land he iiurehased before leav- ing Virginia, what is known as the Gravellv Spring. He died May 17, 1S74, at the agcMif 94 years and 2 days. His wife died on the 7th day of the February preceding, at the age of 92 years and 2 days. There were born to them Kve sons and three daughters, one girl dying at the age < f three years. Daniel enlisted in Co. II, 9(jth O. V. I., and died at Vicksburg. Barney Kaut/.inan died on the farm upon which his father settled June 4, 1872, aged 42 years. George Kaut/.man is living iji Guthrie Co., Iowa. One girl is living in Montrose, in Henry Co.; Morora, .lohn and Peter are living in Uushsylvania; Anna is living about two miles east of Rushsylvania. .John an with that branch known as the Christian Church. By this, the name and example of A. D. Leas are handed to the succeeding generations of those who take descent from him. LEVI N. LEIDIGH, farmer; P. O., Rush- sylvania; Jacob Rudy was born Jan. 28, lTf»2, in Montgomery Co., Penn.; in 1818, he married Harriet liastian in the citv of Phila- didphia, and in the same year removed to Circlevillc, Pickaway Co., Ohio; in 1823 his wife died, leaving three children — Catherine, .losiah and Harriet. In 18211, he returned to Phiiadi'lpliia on foot, walking from Circle- villf to Philadelphia in just two weeks, ar- riving in the city on New Years' Day. In the spring of 18:5:1 he again married, his wife being .Mrs. Anna Zcigler, a widow lai>idigli, a sturdy old gentleman of some fio suniTuers, who was born Sept. 4, 181.5, in Durham Tp., Bucks Co., Penn.; Jacob Rudy has but one child living — Mrs. Catharine Leidigli. Levi Leidigh was mar- ried on the 20th day of July, 18:^9, in l-ogan Co., and, after marriage, returned to Philadel- ])hia; he remained there two years, and again went to Ohio, where he remained two years, and returned to the '• City of Brotherly Love " again, remaining there until 184'.), when he again came to- ( )hio, where he has since re- main(>d. The children of this family are — Henrietta B., born Oct. :50, 1840, died Nov. 10, 1840, in Philadelphia, rVini.; Jacob Rndv, born April 14, 1845, and died Dec. :51, 184:), in Philadelphia, Penn.; .loiiathan, born .lulv 12, 184:, died Sept. 4, 1848, in Philadelphia"; Anne Adelaide, born Aug. 2:i, 1849, in Phil- adelphia; she married Andrew M'ren, Oct. 14, 18(!9; Philip Henry, born Feb. 19, 1852, in Logan Co., Ohio; Franklin Goldmati, Jan. 19, 1855, in Logan Co.; George Corwin, .Ian. 28, 185?, in Logan Co.; Clarissa PJstiniessei>, and from there catne to Ohio, settling in Logan Co. His wiA; was Anninda Melvina Brockerman, daughter of William BrockiTinan, of Germany, who came to I'hiladelpliia, Penn., and afterwards to Lo- gan Co., O. Wilson McAdanis, Jr., was born Feb. 22, 1844, in this county, and on the PJth day of December, 1808, he assumed the bonds of wedlock with Elizabeth Henrietta White, T' M (S. *^ -k. RUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP. 697 of Auglaize Co., daughter of Jeremiah and Elizabeth White, of Franklin Co., O. Elizal)eth Henrietta was born May 31, 1840. The children are — Franklin McAdams, born Oct. la, 1869; Clark White, April 1.5, 1871, in this county; Viola Melvina, Aug-. G, 1S7'2; Robert E. Lee, Dec. 27, 1873, and Emma Elizabeth, Nov. 4, 1875. Wilson McAdams raises blooded horses and fine cattle, and has be- stowed especial care on the improvement of swine. Although a farmer, he is yet a man of bold, inventive genius, as is evidenced by a lock which he has patented, and other models in his possession. The pbwer to originate and invent seems with him one of nature's own bestowments, and not the result of cul- ture, or as inherited, as none of his people appear to have partaken of this rare quality. MATTHEW .MITCHELL, farmer; P.O., Rushsylvania. Matthew Mitchell, Sr., was a native of Eastern Pennsylvania; a Revolution- ary soldier under Gen. George Washington, and after the war moved to the forks of Youghiogheny River, from there to Beaver Co., Pa., and from thence to .Muskingum ( 'o., O., where he died at the age of 82 years, and was buried in the cemetery at the village of Concord, in that county. Matthew Mitchell, Jr., was his son, who came to Youghioghenv with his father, and where he marriecl Miss Elizabeth M'ylie, daughter of Samuel Wylie. During his residence at this place, five of his children were horn. Samuel was born in November, 1799; Mary was born in 1800; Flora was born in 1802, and died when young; Matthew was born .June 20, 180-t, and .Joim was born 180G. He then removed to .Musk- ingum Co., O., settling on the farm adjoining the village of Concord, or the farm on which it now stands. The balance of the family were William, l)orn 1808, and who died when 6 years of age; .Fames, born in 1810, and who died in Logan Co.; David, born in 1812, who removed to Logan Co., and died; Ann, born in 1814, who married Joseph Patterson, now deceased, his widow being a resident of Belle- f(mtaine; Rebecca, born in 1810, married James French, both she and her husband are dead; Jane, born in 1818, died when 20 years of age. June 18, 1829, Matthew Mitchell married Margaret M. Spear, a daughter of Stuart Spear and Jane Scott, his wife, whose grandfather was Stuart Spear, who came from Ireland in an early day; on her mother's side, Margaret's grandfather was Abraham Scott, of Scotch descent. Now, the family of Matthew Mitchell, son of Matthew, Jr., are — Stuart Spear, born .Tune 20t 1830, in Muskingum Co., O., died May, 1833; Eliza- beth Wylie, born Nov. 3, 1831. in iluskingum Co., married Thomas .Martin Hutcheson, whose family consists of eleven children — • Margaret, Jane, .Tames, Matthew, Robert, Ellen, Elizabeth, Anna (two sons dead) and Rutherford. Elizabeth resides in Kansas. William Stuart (named for a deceased brother) born Nov. 22, 1833, married Mary Jane Mc- Cullough. Their family are — Ellen, John, Matthew and Margaret McCullough. Matthew Ritchie, born Nov. 10, 1835, and married Melinda Fulton, daughter of Dr. Fulton, once a physician of Rushsylvania, but who died in Bellefontaine. Matthew Ritchie Mitchell is a physician at Topeka, Kan., and has but one child living — Poiter McClain. Then John, born Oct. 27, 1837, married Mary Ellen Day, daughter of John Day, of Rushsylvania. Their son Walter is vears old. Alexander, born Nov. 30, 1839, "died June 2G, 1841; Rutherford, born Sept. 1 1, 1841, died Aug. 27, 1842; Nancy Jane, born July 20, 1843, died Feb. 9, 1855. Mary Ellen, born Oct. 15, 184."), is a mantua-maker, jiroficient in her business, and practical in manner. Maggie Spear, born Sept. 29, 1847, is a teacher in the city schools of Topeka, Kan. James Fin- ley, born June 10, 1850, married Sarah Ellen Stephenson; she died in January, 1 879, leaving little Ernest Chalmers and Laura Genevra motherless. It was in October, 1832, that Matthew Mitchell removed from Muskingum to Logan Co., O., settling in Rush Creek Tji., on the waters of Miami. Born on a farm, reared and educated on a farm, it was quite natural that he should be a farmer and de- lighted therein. Besides the im]5rovement of his farm, he has paid strict attention to the improvement of his family, by liberally edu- cating them, some of whom have attained honorable positions in the professions, one being a ])hysician, (me a teacher of distinc- tion, and one a professional mantua-maker. His household regulations are of a high Chris- tian order, and after a long life of toil he rests upon a competency. All the farm stocks are raised and sold, but sheep and ^i l\^ G98 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. liogs receive especial attontion. He is one amongst the oldest citizens of Rush Creek Tp. AZARTAS SILAS BALDWIN TUGH, farmer; P. O., Ruahsylvsuiia; was born Sept. 30, 184!); he is the fo'urtii son of David Pugh, who was the son of Eli Pugh, who was the son of Tiiomas Pugh, who was the son of Ellis Pugh, the family line comiuencing in Wales. David Pugh was born in Frederick Co., Va., in 1801; his wife was a distant rela- tive and of the same name; she was the daughter of Thomas Pugh, of Newbury District, S. C, and came to Warren Co., O., in 1801. On the 1st day of November, 183:2, David Pugh and Rebecca Pugh were married; Mrs. Pugh's birth occurred .May 27, 1814, in Warren Co., O.; David's fam- ily were — Eli, born Nov. 15, 18311, Job Thomas, Aug. 15, 1838, David ]?alcs, Feb. 7, 1848, A. S. B., Sept. 30, 1849, Mary .lan>!, July 17, 1851, and .Malcenia Lunette, June 19, 1855. On July 24, 1876, David Pugh, the father, died, and was buried on his 'own farm. Azarias Silas Baldwin Pugh, on the lIHh day of April, 1870, in Paulding Co., 0., married Miss Florence Jeanette Ginger, the daughter of Daniel and Mary Ginger, of Blackford Co., Ind. Florence was born June 17, 1800. The family of A. S. B. Pugh has one son, Clarence Loring Pugh, born Nov. 4, 187'.l, in the ])ioneer cabin occupied by his grandfather, David Pugh, in 1833, and built by Scpiire Samuel Ruth, the joists of which were hewed on the Sabbath day by mistake, the Scpiire believing it was Saturday'. By occupation, A. S. B. Pugh is a fanner and stock-raiser, especially l Reeder, who died in August, 1843; his wife, ?]lizabeth Reeder; his son, John Vance Reeder. was born Feb. G, 1815, in Knox Co., Va. On IViscilla's mother's side, James Henry was her grandfather; his wife was Priscilla Wagant. Mary Aim Henry was the wife of John Vance Reeder; they were mar- ried Dec. 27, 1840. JOB THO.MAS PUGH, farmer; P. ()., Rushvslvania. The family of Job T. Pugh are — Edwin Orlando, born March 3, 1802; Willis Grant, Nov. 9, 1.S05; Mary Rebecca, March 20, 1809, and died Dec'. 25, 1870; Sarah Elizabeth, born Jan. 2, 1874, and died Aug. 25, 1875. Job Thomas Pugh is by oc- cuj)ation a farmer and stock-breeder, especial- ly of shee]), which, with constant care and at- tention, he has raised far above the common standard. His farm, called Homcdale, wliich is located about a mile and a (piarter east of Big S])rinirthday was Oct. 22, 1800. Conner is a farmer, well-to-do, but who knows the value of his property, having acquired it all himself by honest industry; of steady and indus- trious habits, he lives contentedly b}' stock and farm products; now directing- all his energies and bending all his purposes t( - ward sheep hi s')aiidrv for future operations; he reads forhimself, and draws his own conclusions; he is sober, honest, truthful and industrious. ALDRIDGE RUDASIIJ,, fanner; P.O., Rushsylvaiiia. The Rudasill family came from Germany, and settled in Virginia, in the Shenandoah S'alley. Lawson Rudasill was born in Rappahannock Co., Va. After his marriage witli Harriet Odor, he came to Ohio, and settled in Logan Co. The-family were — Charlotte S., James Wesley, John Winfield, Jerome, Amanda, Aldridge, I,ouisa and Har- riet by his first wife; and by his second wife, Marv, who was the daughter of .Tames Dobie; she had four children. Aliriilge Rudasill, born June 22, 1837, in I^ogan Co., and married to Samantha Ste])lienson, the dau^rhter of N\'illiam and Louisa Stephenson, on the lltli day of October, ISOO, and who wa« born .luly 20, 1837. His children are — Louis Henry, born Dec. 10, ISOl; Kenneth. Jan. 13, 1804, died Sept. 21, 1870; Lorena, born March 22, ISC,'.); I.cona, Nov. 5, 1S72, and ]']lkin Jerome, .Ian. 10, 1875. Aldridge Rudasill is a farmer who is more of an agriculturist than a stock-raiser. He lai'gely cultivates the cereals usual to the RUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP. 701 country, and is one of those reading, thinking men who must have a reason for everything before arriving- at conclusions. In his cliurch connections he is a member of the Christian Church. In the fall of liSGl, at Bellefontaine, he enlisted in the 1st Missouri Regiment, called at that time Birge's Sharpshooters, which was intended as a body-guard for Gen. John C. Fremont. With the regiment he went to Missouri; then from Missouri to Ten- nessee as a musician in the regimental band. He received his discharge at Ft. Donaldson, and came home in April, 18(32, re-enlisted the next vear, and served until .lulv, ISfj."). JOHN PHILANDEK KUDASH.l,, farm- er; P. O. Rushsylvania. Lawson Rudasill's father was a native of Crermany and settled in Eastern Virginia in liappahaimoek Co., where, on the -tth of January, 1798, Lawson was born, and on the 20th day of July, 1S7G, he died, aged 78 years, 6 months and IG days. His son, John Winfield Rudasill, was born in Rappahannock Co., \'a., also during the month of August, 1825. His wife was Lydia Ann Sutton, daughter of Jonathan and Rebecca Sutton, of the State of Ken- tucky, who, prior to the birth of Lydia Ann, on the 8th day of June, 1828, had removed to Rush Creek Tp., J-ogan Co., O. The mar- riage of John Winfield Rudasill and Lydia Ann Sutton occurred Feb. 8, 184G; two years thereafter he removed to Missouri, and died Feb. 5, 1865. His family are — Jonathan Sut- ton, born Jan. 2G, 1848, n^arried Agnes Lamp- son April G, 18G(); Harriet Summerville, bom June 4, 1848, and died Aug. 24, 18G2; Mary UiHy, born Jan. 2G, 1850. and married William B. Wallace, Sept. 27, 1871; George Dowling, born Feb. 20, 1852, and married Emi- ly Torbert, of Illinois, in April, 187G; John Philander, born June 27, 1854; Elizabeth Jane, Fel). 21, 185G, and married Albert G. Day in December, 1878; Leah Rebecca, born April 23, 1858; Llewella Olive, Feb. 20, 18G0, died Sept. 2, 18G2; Horence May, born Sept. 21, 18G2; Winfield J., Jan. 8, 18G5, died Feb. 18, 1878. By occu- pation, John Philander Rudasill is a farmer and stock-raiser. He is also a gentleman of fine mechanical talent, who lacks but culture in that direction to develop ability rarely manifested. Like many of the farmers of Rush Creek Tp., he evinces a decided prefer- ence for the handling and sale of hogs, and to this end his energies are mainh' directed. In early life, the fates decreed that he should assume the responsibilities of his deceased father, and his fidelity to his widowed mother and the other members of the family, who have been dependent upon him for support, have enabled him to manifest to the world the true principles of manhood and call forth the admiration of all who have been witnesses of his very amiable demeanor, as he has thus been the supj)ort of the widowed mother in her declining years. SAMUEL STANFIELD, farmer; P. O., Harper. Thomas Stanfield, Jr., was born the 9th month, 2Gth day, 1790, in the State of Tennessee; Margaret Reames, wife of Thomas Stanfield, Jr., was born the 9th month, 9th day, 1790, in South Carolina; they were mairied on the oOth of the 0th month, 1814. Thomas Stanfield, .Ir., 1 departed this life the 11th month, 12th day, 1839, aged 49 years. His children were — Lydia Stanfield, who w^as born 11th i month, 24th day, 1814, married to George ; Parker the 1st month, 9th day, 1834. Sarah l Stanfield was born 5th month, 21st day, 1817; died Gth month, Gth da}-, 1828, aged 12 years. Mary Stanfield was born 10th month, 2nd day, 1818, and died 8th month, 10th day, 187G; was married to Isaac Ray in 1837, but her husliand dying, she married William Reames; she left five children. .John Stanfield was born the 8th month, 10th day, 1820, and died the 2nd day of the 5th month, 18G1. William Stanfield was born the (Jth month, 2Gth day, 1822, and died the Sth month, 11th diiy, 1853; was married to Mary Jane Milligan the 10th month, 14th day, 1849. Thomas Stan- field, 3rd, was born 8th month, loth day, 1824; was married to Sarah E. Littler 5th month, 30th day, 1847. Jesse Stanfield was born 8th month, 31st day, 182G, and died 11th month, 9th day, 18G3. He was in the Union army and fell in the battle of Carrion Crow on the date above given. Naomi Stanfield was born the 8th month, 1st day, 1829, and died the 9th month and 10th day, 1855; she was twice married, her first husband being Thomas Richards, and her second husband James Cummins. At her death she left three chil- dren. Samuel Stanfield, the subject of this sketch, was born the 11th month, 23rd day, '-9 r -^1>^. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. IS'i'i, and was married to Martha Douglass, daughter of Samuel aiul Kebecca IJoiiglass, the nth month and 9th day, 1853. David Stanfiehl was horn the Sth month, ]lth day, 183G;died the 11th month and 11th (W, 1S55, aged 1!) years and 4 months. Martha Doug- lass, wife of Samuel Staiiheld, was born Jan. 2, 1837. The family of Samuel are — .lohn W., born Oct. 18, 1854; Margaret Alice, born Feb. io, 1857, and married George "NY. Ens- h-y, Feb. 21, 1878; Franklin E., born July 1, 1S59. Margaret Stanfield, wife of 'Th mas Stanfield, Jr., died 7tli month, 4th day, 1859, aged 08 years. Sarah Kebecca, born Jan. 4, l'8(;4; Samuel Ewing, Sept. 27, 1S68, and died July 19, IS^G; Charley Oscar, born Se])t. 3, 1874; Arthur Harold, Jan. 8. 1880. This sket.'h which embraces the first and the latest periods of the history of Rush Ureek Tp. holds in its records a voice from the past. It claims the first church (or an in- terest in it), the first school, the first cabin and the first graveyard. The representative of this ancient family, Samuel Stanfield, still holds the name, and makes a maiilv eft'ort to hanrs, that he may die like them and be gathered to the venerated burial-place of his fathers. JOKI, THOMAS, fanner; V. (J., liushsyl- vania. Joel Thomas was a native of Wales, who emigrated to America, and died in the city of Detroit, Mich., and Joel Thomas, his son, was a native of New York, but who, emi- grating to Ohio, was one of.tho earliest set- tlers of Cliain[)aign Co. He settled on "Pretty I'rairic," in said county, and, with his father. f(j|lowed driving cattle to Detroit dur- ing the warof 1812. Joel Thomas, son of the latter and grandson of the former Joel Thomas, was born Dec. 25, 1811, on " Pretty Prairie," Champaign Co., Ohio. On the 1st day of July, 1S3.S, he joined hands with Ha<-hel Leon- ard, born May 2tl, l.SKl, m Washington Co., Pa., and thes!- pioruHTS have passed through forty years of their country's history together. They have had the following children, who were born as follows — Phebe .lane, born May H), 1.S39; Miirv Ann, \..v. 3. |s4n,died wheli FT« 11 months old; Sarah Ellen, born Jan. 17, 1843, died Jan. 8, ISGIi; Gt^orge Washington, born July 17, 1845; William L., Sept. 14, 1847; Elizabeth, April 9, 1851, died Sept. 12, 1879; .fohn B., born April (J, 1853, and Angeline, Aug. 12, 1855. Our subject was one of the pio- neers of Logan Co., and of Hush Creek Tp. He settled on the head waters of Miami, which was then a wilderness, and what is called Miami farm was ])aid for with money earned at the rate of three shillings per daj'. The head spring of the Miami was on his farm. He heartl George McCulloch preach his first sermon, and heard Dr. Gray Eyes, the Indian preacher, ])reach in the cabin of his father-in- law, Ebenezer Zane. lie was an eye-witness to the terrific tornado of 1827, and has eaten bear meat in the cabin of Ebenezer Zane. Although bowed with the infirmities of age, his memory is still rich with pioneer reminis- cences, which he relates with the vigor of youth. Of this family, three are dead, and the balance, all save one, are married and set- tled in dilTerent sections of the country. Two reside in Hardin Co., one in Sandusky city, one in Livingston Co., 111., and one, a son, re- mains at home. Farming pursuits and stock- raising, cs])ecially horses, engross his atten- tion in his declining years. SAMUEL TUFECE, farmer; P. O., Rush- sylvania. The Treece family came from Ger- many originally, and settled in Peiuisylvania. Pet<'r Treece, one of the lirst Am(>rican born of this family name, was born in Beaver Tp., Union Co., Pcnn. Samuel Treece was the son of Pi>ter Treece, and was born on the 11th day of December, ISOC), in Beaver Tp., Un- ion Co., Penn. On the Gth day January, 1846, Samuel married Jane Craig, who was born Nov. 11, 1827, in Clarke Co., ().; the chihlren of this tamilv are — Eliza Ann, born Jan. 3, 184!i, William' Lyman, Dec. 25, 1852, and -Mary Ellen, .Ian. 11, 1858. Samuel Treece came from Columbus, ()., to his |)res- ent location in 1844, and settled in the wil- derness; he was oiu' of those sturdy Penn- svlvania (ternums who came to subdue the wilderness and make it to blossom with the fruits of iiulustrv and the reward of labor; h<' was a blacksmith by trade, and for nine years prior to his arrival in Rush Creek 'Pp., foiloweil that business in the city of C'obiinbus; his neiirhbors were few, as Daniel RUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP. 703 Vassar, .Tacol) Kearns, Peter Bowers, Jacob Bovvers and Joel Thomas constituted all of them. There were no roads near him easy of access, and his home was like a "lodge in some vast wilderness." When in Coiuinhus, Samuel saw the train which removed the San- dusky Indians to the western reservation. The train consisted of more than 200 wagons, in which they and their effects were being transported. He has helped to open the roads of the township, and, as is the cas(^ with all pioneers, bore his part in the necessary improvements of the county; his only son, William Lyman Treece, who married Sarah L. Nash, daughter of Samuel Nash, of Logan Co., on the ^3rd day of November, 1875, ex- tends the family line. Yet one remove in the jierson of his son, Frank Wilbur Treeee, liorn Sept. 0, 1876. William is naturally indus- trious and frugal, a farmer in the true sense, who, provided with stock scales and the necessary means for business purposes, turns in an especial manner to the raising of hogs, in one instance producing one that weinhed 903 pounds, the acknowledged champio of his species; the improvement of his farm stock is his constant aim, and devotion to business is his passport to success. WILLL\M WHITE WATKINS, farmer; P. O., Rushsylvania. James Watkins Sr., was an Englishman, who came to the United States about the middle of the eighteenth century, settling in Sussex Co., Va. His family con- sisted of — .lohn, Reuben, James, Benjamin and Roliert, sons; the daughters vyere — Sarah, Susan and Winnie; all of whom emigrated to Ohio at diiferent periods, excepting Robert, who went to Indiana. James Watkins, Jr., emigrated to Belmont Co., (_)hio, in the begin- ning of the year 1809, and, after remaining about a year, he returned to Sussex Co., Va., and married Nancy Ann White, of Sussex Co. Their marriage occurred April 10, 1810. James Watkins was born June 6, 1786. His wife was born March 11, 178.5, both in Sussex Co. There were six children b)' this union — Polly, born March 10, 1811, in Sussex Co., Va.; Hein-y, May 3, 1813, in Belmont Co., Ohio; Harriet, in September, 1816, in Bel- mcmt Co., the same year in which the family removed to Logan Co.; Elisha, Oct. 9, 1819, in Logan Co. The last child born in this family was William White Watkins, Oct. 13, 18-:*5, in Jefferson Tp., near Zanesfield. Wil- liam W. Watkins married Rebecca J. Elliott, daughter of .loseph and Elizabeth Elliott, of Stark Co., Ohio, April 23, 1847. William W. Watkins' family are ten children in all, nine of whom are living. Their names are William Jas])er, born April 10, 1848, in Jef- ferson Tp.; Charles Wesley, May 2, 1849, in Jefferson Tp.; Nancy Elizabeth, Dec. 22, 1850, in Perry Tp.; James Hamilton, Oct. 24, 1852, in Perry T]).; Joseph Milton, April 25, 1854, in Rush Creek Tp.; Mary Melissa, June 9, 1856, in Rush Creek Tp.; Eliza .Jane, Feb. 18, 1858, in Rush Cr(!ekTp.; Isaac New- ton, Nov. 14, 1859, in Rush Creek Tp.; Har- riet Adeline, Dec. 2, 1861, and died .Ian. 3, 1862; and Aaron S. AVatkins, born Nov. 27, 1863, in Rush Creek Tj). William Jasper married Mary O. Robb, of Logan Co., for his first wife; his second wife was Sarah Kelly. Charles Wesley married Irene Wickersham; he is now an attorney at Huntington, Ind. Nancy Elizabeth married David Harriman,of Logan Co. James H. married Martha Kelly, of Logan Co. Joseph Milton married Mary E. Kearns, of Logan Co. Margaret M. mar- ried Spain. A. Skidmore, of Union Co., Ohio. By occu]iation, \^'illiam W. Watkitis is a farmer, handling in a business way horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, latterly turning his attention to sheeji more particularly. He has paid special attention to family education, eight of his family having already been teach- ers, and a ninth member of the family now holds a certificate of iiualification; one is already noted as an attorney at Huntington, Ind. Mr. Watkins settled in the wilderness, cleared his farm, assisted his neighbors at raising cabins and log-rollings where were 3,000 acres of almost unbroken wilderness, save two squatter improvements. His church connections embrace l)oth the Protestant and Methodist Episcopal Churches. PROF. JOSEPH HARVEY WYLIE, pro- fessor and teacher; Rushsylvania. The his- tory of this important family commences with the removal of William Wylie from Perry Co. to Muskingum in 1823, and where he remained until his death in 1875, in his 77th year. William was married three times; there were two children by his first wife, none by the second, and six by the third. The Rev. Preston H. Wylie, his son, was J, 704 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. born ill April, 18:^3, in Perry Co., O., aiid, when soiiietliing over two years of age, he ami his infant brother James were left moth- erless. He remained in Muskingum Co. until ISi'i, when he married Mary A. Georg-e, who was born in 1830, and who died in February, 1861; he afterwards removed to Northwood, Logan Co., O. His family consisted of two children — Martha Rachel and James Ren- wick. Prior to his removal to Northwood, he was engaged in farming and teaching, and at Northwood commenced a course of study preparatorv for tlie ministry; he was licensed as a minister in the Reformed Presbyterian Church in 185;^, and in 1S")-1 removed to T^ake Co., Ind., where he remained until 18()0 as Pastor of I.,ake Eliza Church, in that county. In 18()() he became pastor of tlie Reformed Presbyterian Churches of Rushsylvania and Macedon, the latter being in Mercer Co., O. In February, 1801, liis wife, whose death we before alluded to, was buried in Northwood cemetery. In 1803 he married Rebecca Adams Hayes, of Greene Co., (). At this timi- he was a resident of Rushsylvania, and after his marriage he removed to Nortiiwood, where he remained iintif 181)4. In the win- ters of 1808, '(i',1 and '70, he was a professor in Geneva College at Northwood; in 1870, he resigned his ])astoral charge at Rushsylvania, and retnov(>d to Macedon, Mercer Co., O., where he at this writing resides. His family are Martha Raclud, Ixjrn in 1840, and who, grad- uating at Geneva College, in 187."), left the land of her nativity in the fall of that year, and embarked as a missionary to Latakiyeh, in Syria; William Melancthon, born in 1848, entered Geneva College in 1803, and died iii 18(57, in his senior (college) year; .lames Ren- wick, born November, 1850, entered Geneva College in 1807, and was teacher at the Or- ))han's Home at Dayton, Pa., during the school year of 1871-3; he entered Geneva College again and graduated in 1873; he was licensed as a minister in 187(), and made Pastor of three charges in Mercer Co., Pa., in 1877; in December, 1879, he married, at Parnassus, Pa., Miss Nettie Armstrong, of that place; he now resides at Mercer, in Pennsj-lvania. Thomas Ale.\ander Hender- son, born November, 18.54, entered Wright's Normal School in 1871, and Geneva Col- lege in 1S73, and graduated in 1875, and was made Professor of Morning Sun Academy from 1875-0; lu; was licensed to jireach in 1879, and for six months was Pastor at St. .Johns, N. B.; in 1880, he was a])))ointe(i as missionary in a Western work at Burlington, la. Prof. Joseph Harvey Wylie, a young man of sterling (pialities, was born in T.,ake Co., Ind., on the 13th day of November, 1858; he entered Geneva College as a jireparatorv student in 1875, where he remained three years, com])leting the Sophomore course, when he taiight for a year and a half, ami, returning to college in 1879, completed his junior year in 18rehensive study. Incluiled in the laltiT cla.ss is Dr. D. B. Allien, who is a thoromjhlv educateil gentle- man in literary lore as well as in the science of medicine. He is a luitive of L'nion C.i.. this State, anil was born Dec. 1, 1833. He attended school in the county until he was 17, afterwards entering at Norwalk Seminary, where he remained three years, making a sjiecialtv of matiiematics. He then taught school at Mt. Ciilead, < )hio, and during the' time he was reading medicine with 1 >!■. V LIBJEETY TOWNSHIP. 705 Sapp — continuing- three years — he then atten- ded the Willoughby College in 1845-413, and afterwards began practicing- at Millville, Delaware Co., where he remained one year; transferring- thence to Sunhury, in the same county, a:id then engaged with Dr. Sapp until 1840, when he came to this [jlace and re- mained until IS.JU; he then went to Monte- zuma, Iowa, and practiceil there and at Winterset vuitil 18()1, at which time he applied to the professors of College at Keokuk for an examination, and was granted a diploma by paying a matriculation fee; was soon com- missioned Assistant Surgeon of the First Iowa Cavalry, in which position he remained eighteen months, and was then commissioned surgeon of the 30th I. V. I., where he re- mained until the spring- of 18G4, when he resigned his commission, returned home, and soon after settled again in West Libertj-, where he has since resided, and has a lucra- tive practice. He was married in 1848 to Sarah, daughter of Wilber and Hannah (Lewis) Caswell, by whom he has had three children, two of whom are living — ililler S., assistant editor on the Xew York /Sfni; and Charles W. B. Dr. Allen has been an active member of the School Hoard at this place, and is now a member of the town council. He and his wife are members of the ilethodist Episcopal Church at this place. He is a member of the State and County Medical Societies, and is an active Republican. SAMUEL ARMSTRONG, miller; West Liberty; was l)orn Dec. "^4, 18"21, in Cham- j)aigii Co., O. His father, Anilrew, was Ijorn in Pennsylvania, and his mother, Mary, in j"Lentucky; they settled in Chamjiaign Co., in 1818, and iinally in Sheiby Co., 1838. They had five children: William, lives now in In- diana; Samuel; Sarah .1., nuirried Wm. K. Hel- vey, and is living in Delaware Co., Ind. ; Lewis, died when young; Elizabeth, living in Mem- phis, Tenn. His ])arents were ijoth members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1843 (the father having died in 1840), our subject and his mother moved back to Clark Co., where they had formerly lived. In a short time, Sarah .1. was married, and the mother went to live with her in Indiatia, and there died iu 1846. Samuel was married, ilarcli 9, 1845, to Catharine, a daughter of George and Elizabeth Roller, who was born, 1823, in Vir- ginia; by her he had six children — Joseph, deceased, Melissa J., George H., William, James E. and John R. They lived but a short time in Clark Co., and then moved to Shelby Co., where he farmed and worked as a blacksmith for some time. In 1850 he built a mill in Ft. Jefferson, that county, in which he engaged for two years and then traded the same for a farm iu said county. He farmed it for two }-ears, afterwards trading for a grist- mill costing ^14,501', known as the " Maxwell Mill;" here he remained for ten years. H(! again traded for a farm, and entered nu-al life for another period of two years. In 1876 he came to West Liberty, and bought the present mill, which has been here over sixty years. He has been engaged here ever since. He runs four sets of buhrs by Turbine water-power wheels, having plenty of water during the year; he does mostly custcMii work, and ships (juite an amount to New York. He is identi- fied with the Democratic partv, and cast his first presidential vote for Jackson. Mr. Arm- strong is the architect of his own fortune. GEORGE F. BAILEY, cooper; West Lib- erty; is the son of .lames and Catharine (Vandegrift) Bailey; his father was born in Harford Co., Md., Feb. 10, 1795, and his mother in the same county July 7, 1797; thev came to Ohio in 1840, settling at Cambridge, Guernsey Co., and in 1844 came to Licking Co., settling in Alexandria, where the father is still living, the mother haviug died .June 'ii, 1865; she was the mother of JMary E., George F., Edwin and Sarah A.; the father was again married; his parents were Presby- terians. George F. was born Jan. 13, 1850, in Harford Co., .Md., where he spent his boy- hood days attending school. At the age of 15 he began learning- the cooper's trade with his father, which he continued until he was 21 years old; he then started on his own re- sources, having a few tools, onlv, to begin with. He situated himself at Roscoe, Co- shocton Co., where he remained until Nov. 2, 1849, when he went to California, there en- Sfasrinar, durinof the summer of 1851, in the ,. ,.-1 gold mines, and at his trade in Sacramento Citv. Jn Se])tember, 1851, he returned by water, ami again wtirked at his trade at Ros- coe. July 1, 1852, he went to Licking- Co. to visit his parents, and on Aug. 20, 1852, he came to West Liberty, where he has since i V 706 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. reniaineil. He was married June 28,1853, at Al'ixandria, Licking Co., to Susan Van Jius- kirk, 1)V whom lie had four children, two of whom survive — Oleeta and ])onn C; his wife died June 12, 1859; was again married July 22, 18G0, to Ann M. Vanliuskirk; by her he has one child — Van Hnskirk. He enlisted in Co. G, 132 O. V. I., and ranked as Sergeant; was elected to the town council for nine years, and is now serving his third term as Justice of the Peace and Township Trustee. He was early identified with the Whig i>arty, having voted first for President Taylor, and at tile organization of the Republican party he entered its ranks, and has been a valiant soldier in the cause ever since. He is now a member of the Pepublican Central Commit- tee, and is now a local member of this town- shi]). Mr. Hailcy has a remarkably good memory, and has been for the past few years writing up his trip to California, which is a very fine j)roduction. He was one of the suflerers of the great fire during the summer of ISSO. but he is not given to despair, and is now rebuilding some magnificent build ings. ENOS BALDWIN, hardware and gro- cery; West Liberty; was born July 22, 1818, in Cham[)aign Co., O. He ob- tained a limited eclucation — as much as was afforded in the log cabin of those days. At the age of 11 his jiarents moved to r^ogan Co., settling in Monroe Tp-, where our subject engaged in rural ])ursuits. His father, Daniel, was l)iirn in 17113, in Ten- nessee, and came to Highland Cred into the hard- ware and grocery business at this place, which he continued alone until ISOC, when he enlarged by taking in Mr. Elliott as a partner, and since that time has merchandisearty, having cast his first vote for \V. H. Harrison. In all the varied experi- ences of the above hastily sketched life, its ])ossessor has been particularly fortunate. He started life with :J500, given him by his father, with whom he iiad remained five years af.er attaining his majority. He now pos- sesses, outside of his ])n!scnt larg(! business, 125 acres of well improved land in Logan Co., and 80 acres in Iowa. Tliough now his years are nearly three score and ten, he re- tains tlie api)earan's battle alone — Mifflin, born Feb. 6, 1815; Wilson, April 14, 1817; Hannah, Sept. 7, 1819; Eliza, June 17, 1822; Benjamin and Sarah died April 20, 1828. Benjamin lived with his uncle, Daniel Elliott, for two years, and then made a home with George Hoopes until 10 years old; during this time he took advantage of the cabin schools; he began then to learn the car- penters' trade with Charles Sloane, with whom he contituied for three years, getting board and clothing for his labor, and two weeks during harvest, transferring thence to the employ of James B. Gibson for one year, at the expiration of which' he worked at the same for John Davis, a brother-in-law; at the age^ of 21 he went to work at his trade at Mingo with his uncle, William Elliott, for eighteen months; he then, in com])any with Job Salkeld, took a steamer at Cincinnati. ( )., after liaving worked at that place a short time. They landed first at Vicksliurg, and worked a short time at carpentering, and thence to Natchez, Miss., and there witnessed the recei)tion of Gens. Taylor and Quitman, who were just returning from thi> Mexican war; they then went to New Orleans, and in a short time took ship for Galveston, Texas, where they stopped but a short time, and, finding business dull, they soon sailed for Port Lavaco, which then contained alwmt thirty log houses, but they did not unload their baggage, but returned to New Orleans, and thence to Natchez, where they resumed their traife, afterward engaging at ^'icksburlT; from there they transferred to Greenvdle, Miss., where they worked until the spring of 1849; they then took steamer for St. Louis, Mo., there engaging a short time, and then returned to Oliio, finally stopping at Urbaua, where our subject contiinu'd his trade, making his home with William Thomas, in Logan ( 'o. He soon after sought a companion in the per- son of Rebecca Wierman, the marriage tak- ing place .May 27, 1852. Her parents, John and Jam- Moorehead Wierman, were natives of Pennsylvania, and came to Cliamjjaign Co., O., in 1835. They had nine children, of whom six survive. Mr. Elliott farmed for some time in Champaign Co. after his marriage, and then went to Kansas, b\it in six months returned LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 709 to West Liberty, and engaged at carpenter- ing:, which he continued until 1868, when he abandoned it, and has since devoted his at- tention to his partnership business with Enos IJaldwin. His marriage blessed him with six children — Addie, Willis, Eva, Nellie, Maud and Benjamin. Himself and wife are mem- bers of the M; tho list Episcopal Church of West Liberty. When Mr. Elliott was 21 years okl he started to Ohio, taking the cars at Penningtonville, Penn., and at Holliday's Ferry took a stage, and about midnight they run into a big snow-drift, and the passengers were compelled to wade the deep snow to a tavern a mile off. In the morning the stage came up and they started on for Pittsljurg-. There he took a steamboat for Cincinnati, O., and from there took a, stage for Davton. The next morning alter arriving, he started on foot for Mingo Valley, a distance of tiftv miles. At the end of the second day he landed at his Uncle William Elliott's, with a %i> gold piece. It is the privilege of but few to wit- ness the varied scenes that have made up the life of Benjamin Elliott. The disadvantages of his youth made him energetic and a close thinker, of vigorous frame and an active, in- vestigating turn of mind. His varied expe- riences have been treasured up for future profit. He has always been active, and is hon- ored for his unwavering adhesion to jjrinciple, and for his zeal and liberality in the promotion of all worthy objects. Benjamin's father was one of seven children — Marj-, born .May 13, ];9o; Martha, .Tune 16, 1797; Daniel, .Jan. 15, 1795; Benjamin, .May 16, 1802; Ann, Dec. 13, 1804, and Robert, Feb. 1, 1807. W. R. FISHER, banker and g-rain dealer; West Lil)erty; was born .June 26, 1S26, in Hunterdon Co., N. .J.; during early life, his educational advantages were limited, but by study, observation and experience, he has acquired a good business education; at the age of sixteen he began the trade of carriage- making, which he followed at Rosenburg for four years; he then mined in California for three years, at which he was somewhat suc- cessful. In 1851 he returned to New .Jersey, and there remained until 1853, when he came to West Liberty and engaged in buying grain under the firm name of Runkle & Co.,"con- tinuing about two years; he then merchan- dised under the firm name of Fisher & Kelly, continuing one year, when 'Kelly withdrew, and the firm changed to Fisher & Greer, con- tinuing four years. They then sold, and Mr. Fisher engaged in his present business, under the firm name of Taylor, Fisher & Co., and is doing a fine business in banking and grain, etc. He was married in 1854 to Eliza- Elizabeth M. Sieg, a native of Virginia; they have one child — Kate, who graduated at the Female Seminary at Staunton, Virginia, in 188(1. Mr. Fisher has been a member of the School Board, and is now a member of the Town Council. He is a member of Liberty- Lodges, Nos. 161, F., & A. M., and 96, I. O. O. F., and has been treasurer of the latter since 1862. He takes an active interest in all improvements, and his sterling worth as a friend and neighbor, and as a successful business man, is recognized by his friends and acquaintances. His father, John, and mother, Susan (Runkle) Fisher, were born in New Jersey. They had three children, but two survive — .facob and W. R. The father died 1832, and the mother was again married, this time to Archibald Kennedy. She died in 1876, a member of the Presbyterian Church, as was also her husband. Mrs. Fisher's grandfather was in the Revolutionary war. She has a fork that was used by him during that struggle. Mr. Fisher started life with nothing. While he was serving his apprentice- ship he worked for $25 per year, and at the terminaticjn of his four years he had only $30 left. This little treasure has been improved, and he now ranks amono-st the wealthv. CHARLES F. FOX,^hardware, ^Vest Lib- erty; is the son of .Julias and Paulina Diet- zel Fox; the former was born in 1823 and died July 17, 1859; he latter was born March 17, 1829, both in Germany; they emigrated to America in 1853 or 1854, and settled at Springfield, Ohio, where the father engaged in cabinet-making, in which he continued un- til his death; he was buried by the Rover, No. 4, Fire Company, of Springfield, and was the first one to depart that organization, and was borne to his silent resting-place on a hose wagon by his faithful comrades, who deeply mourned his loss; he was the father of Charles F. and Ernest E. (deceased). The mother was again married, March 7, 1865, to George J. Walker, who was born Jan. 21, 1828, by whom she had three children, two of whom J) >y 710 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. survive — Anna and George. Charles F. was born .July 14, ll^oG, in Sprinnrfield, Oiiio, where he atteiiiled the pay school; at the age of 14 years he began learning the tinner's trade with his uncle, P]dwin Dietzel, at his native city, which he continued three j-ears, and then engaged to a man by the name of Otto for two years, transferring then to the emi)loy of Humphrey & Carter for two years. In 1S78, he began business at West Liberty, and is running a full line of stoves, tinware and house-furnishing goods. He was married, Sept. 10, 1878, to Maggie Ha.\, of Springfield, who was born .June 21, 185G, and has blessed her husband with one child — Theodore F. Her parents, Frederick and Elizabetli Gorman Ilax, were natives of Germany, and had nine children; her father is a lal)orer in the ( )hi Champion Reaper Manufactory at Springiield; her pa- rents are both members of the Lutheran Church, as were also his ])arents. Our sub- ject and wife are active members of the ]>uther,in Church at this place, in which he has been Trustee. He has always been an active Hepublican. He is comparatively }-oung, yet he has, by careful management, accumulated a nice little fortune to make him- self and family comfortable the rest of their days. His gentlemanly apjiearance has won for him a trade merited by but few in Logan Co. IJEN.IAMIN GIJSIN, hotel; West Liberty; was born, .Jan. 13, 1809, in Mason Co., Ken- tucky. His school-days were spent in a log cabin; at the age of filteen he bi'gan learning tailoring, at Washington, in his native county, his prece|)torbeing the liev. William Vaughn, with whom he continued until he was eighteen years old, at which period he came by a four- hurse team to West Liberty, and soon after engaged at his trade at this place, and was the first to work at that business here. In 1814 he embarked his financial means in a wider field of labor, going into the grocery business with Mr. Clement, to which he devoted his en- tire attention; in three years he withdrew from the firm of Ginn & Clement, and en- gaged in the hotel business at this ])Iaco, in which he continued with success until 18.5"4, when he withdri'w, and engaged in merchan- dising at Uidgeway, Hardin Co., this State. cunliiiuing the same for six years. In 1862, he returned to this place, and again entered tlie grocerj' business, continuing until 1804, when he began in his present business, that of hotel-keeping, which vocation he intends to follow until time wafts him away. He was niarri(Hl July '.."J, 182!t, to Jane Newell, by whom he had nine children, all of wiiom are living. P^lizabeth, married P. W. Colvin, and living in Kentucky; Martha; William, nt)w a salesman in I)es Moines City, Iowa; Carrie; John A., printer robable limit of its existence. A less de- tiTuiined man would have given up the ship amidst so many discouraging ]>ropheeies of its inevitable wreck; few would have cared to brave the storm, but Mr. Hamilton was of dilVereiit mettle. The sea might be turludent, but the man at the rud(h-r was resolute, and success could ordy follow. On the 30th of Januarj-, 1878, D. C. ]iailo\' purchased an in- terest in the Gazette, and the two young men clung to the ship tenaciously and j)ulled it throutrh the rapids. On the ■^7th day of June, 187!»,'Prof. P. W. Search, Suix-rintendent of the West Liberty Union Schools, a gentleman of high literary attainments, purchased the irdzette office, and immediately re-associated with himself Mi'. Hamilton. ])lacing him at the head of the ])aper as editor, and complet- ing such arrangements as rendered them equal partners in its publication and control. The (jetzette now ratd, he began milling with Elisha Phipps, with whom he continued for six years. He then went to the State of Delaware and worked on the Brandywine mills for one year, afterwards engaging as a millwright with AVilliam Staiuj), with whom he continut'd for about two years, transferring then to the em- ploy of a man by the name of Harvey, continuing some time, and then attended a boarding-school at West Bradford, Pa., for eighteen months. In 1830 ho came across the mountains, with one horse hitched to an old Dearborn wagon, and settled in Cham- paign Co., O. Here .Mr. Hannum taught school for al)out six'montlis, and afterwards erected a combined saw and grist mill at Zanesfield, Logan Co., for John Finn. He continued building mills for nniny years. In 1852 he erected on the present site of his mill a ff)Uinirv, ma>. 714 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. and he made a proposition that hewould soil out, and himsell' and children, and Mrs. Ilildehrand and sons, would come to Ohio and there make a home together; this she accepted, and a flat boat was constructed by which they were transported to Ports- nioutli. The time of lanilinir was 1817. They did not remain at Portsmonth very lonsr, but moved on a farm in a settlement called French Grant, in about KSIJO Mr. Miller came to Ur- bana, O., ami Mrs. Hildebrand remained there until 18:il, when she came with her sons to West Liberty, where she died in 1808. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of this place. Our subject's hardships were more than usual, such as going to mill on horseback, etc. When at Portsmouth a man by the name of Hopkins came from New Jersey and started a pap(!r called the Scioto Ttletiraph, and Mr. Hildebrand was then about ^0 years old, and worked for this editor. During two days each week he would deliver the papers over the country on horse- back. He and his brother Edward learned tailoring at Portsmouth, andafterward worked at Franklin Furnace at their trade. He was married in May, 1831, a short time prior to their moving to this county, and when they settled liere he engaged for some time at his traile in a small frame house which stood on the southwest corner of the ])ublic square, where is now the present site of George Gorton's jewelry store. This build- ing is now being used by Mr. Grier for a kitchen. In 1839 he withdrew from this business, and engaged in a grocery in a brick building that was consinned in the fire, but is now being rebuilt by Dr. Ordway. This he continued for three years, and afterward bought l.JO acres of land in Hardin Co., un- improved, and moved on the same. In 1844, he returned and farmed a short time in Lib- erty Tp., ami then bought a tract of land in Champaign Co., where ho farmed until 1851, when he traded for "-iOU acres where he now resides, getting the amount from T. P. Miller at ^15 per acre. Here he has remained ever since, and has still kept rolling the wheel of irn|)rovemont. Se|)t. 11, IS^'.I, his wife, who hail b(!en the companion ef his sorrows and joys for over lorty-oiglit years, was stricken from life's roll and gathered into the life eternal. She had blessed him with eijrht children, seven of whom are now living — Isaljella, has taught school at West Liberty for many years; .Jacob, married liebecca IJurn- side, native of this county, now of Morris Co., Kan.; Charles, married Kate Beemer, of Kenton, residents of this county; Emily; Lucy; Gwenn; Thomas, married Charlotte Mason, of this county; Milton, died 18(i4. Mr. Hildebrand has served as Townshi]) Trustee, and other snuill olhces; cast his tirst vote for J. Q. Adams, and has always been a Whig and Kepuljlican. His grantlparents Hilde- brand weri! of German descent, their ances- tors coming to America about 173"2. His descendants by his mother (Miller and Pym) were of Irish descent, and belonged to the Quaker denomination. Their ancestors prob- ably came over with William Penn. His brother Edward was married and died in West Liberty, leaving a widow and si.\ living children. She yet resides in this place. Mr. Hildebrand is now seventy-two years of age, and enjoys uniform health, saying with .lob of old, " All the tlays ol my a])poinled time will I wait till my change come." He remendiers almost everything that ha|)pened since he was three }-ears old. Many of his leisure moments he has spent in catching deer in the rivers, by means of a canoe. These animals were driven in there for that ])urpose. Ho has in his j)ossession a snuill dictionary that was given him by Lieutenant Packet!, of Perry's crew, of Lake Eiie, as a Christmas gift. He had but little chance of education, but most fortunate has he been in rearing a [tlcasant, intelligent family, educated and reiineil. D. B. HALE, M. 1).; West Liberty. Every city has its representative men in all ])rofes- sions; of the great number who represent some profession, and more especially that ol the medical, there are comparatively few who, by hard study, almost constant practice and time devoted wholly to their ))rofession, have reached a degree of eminenci^ jilacing them, in the mind of the public and by the venlict of their medical brethren, among the lirst. This position has beiMi attained and earned by Dr. D. B. Hah', of West Liberty. He is a luitive of Champaign Co., ami was born April'.), 1844. His youniri-'' days were spent on the farm and in attending school in the log cabin. At the age of 13, Ik; began att<'nd- ing school at Urbana; remained nearly three e.pV LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 715 years, and afterward taught one year; he then entered the OhioWesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, where he remained about one year; he then enlisted in Co. G, 94th O. V. I., in which he ranked as high private; in three years he returned from the war, hav- ing witnessed many hard-fought engagements, of which we mention Perryville, Ky., Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mis- sionary Ridge and Sherman's Atlantic cam- paign; he was slightly wounded at Resaca, Ga., and was confined in the hospital at Chat- tanooga until able for service; his return from war was in 1865, when he began reading med- icine with Dr. J. M. Butcher, at North Lew- isburg. Champaign Co., continuing the same for two years, and then entered the Eclectic Medical College at Cincinnati, graduating in May, 1869, and at once began practice at Greenfield, Highland Co.; remained there about one year, and then went to Indianapo- lis, Ind., and practiced and read the honiceo- pathic system. He graduated at tiie Hahne- mann College, Cliicago. In 1875, he began his practice at Mechanicsliurg, Champaign Co., and in 1877 came to West Liberty, Lo- gan Co., where he has since been, and is enjoying a very fine practice. He was mar- ried in 1871 to Marietta Bonesteej, a native of Urbana; she was born July 28, 1852, and by her he has two children — G. B. and I. G. He is a member of Liberty Lodge, No. 161, A., F. & A. M., in which hie is S. W. His father, .lohn, was a native of Clinton Co., Ohio, and his mother, Irena (Lewis), of the State of New York. They had a family of six children; three only survive — .loshua A., D. B. and Thomas P. (practicing medicine at Spring Hill. Champaign Co.; graduated at the Cincinnati Medical College). The father died in 1852, and was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The early death of the father threw the young sons out on their own resources, a position which they sincerely realized, and soon fouml that then was the time for them to prepare for the world's riper ages. The mother was, however, married to a Mr. Smith, with whom they had a home. Dr. Hall has, by careful manage- ment, attained some nice property in West Liberty. He bears the reputation of being one of the most substantial and reliable of the inhabitants of the pleasant little village in which he resides. He is fast demonstrat- ing to the community that homoeopathy is the true system of treatment. J. M. HUNTER, dealer in farming imple- ments. West Liberty; was born March 22, 1838, in Champaign Co., where he attended school in the old pioneer loff cabin. He also attended for a while at this place, by riding on horseback. He was very apt at his studies, and, at the age of 20 years, he taught one term, and then began farming, renting of his father. He was married Nov. 19, 1862, to Sallie Baldwin, and soon after bought 60 acres of his father, on which he remained two years. He then went to Urbana, and there engaged under the firm name of Gearheart & Hunter, in the grocery business, continuing at it two years. While thus engaged he was unsuccessful — however, not through his own financiering. He then returned to his farm, which had been reduced somewhat by the failure previously mentioned, and remained on the same until 1872, when he sold out and purchased 30 acres in Liberty Tp., this county, and has since remained on the same. In 1878, he began dealing in agricultural im- ])lements, which he still continues, making a specialty of buggies and wagons, as well as threshing machines, engines, saw-mills, etc. He is honest and upright, and merits the pat- ronage of the connnunity where he resides. He has been no office-seeker, hence has not trifled away his useful moments in aspiring for petty offices. He and his wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been class-leader and Super- intendent of Sunday Schools. Both positions he is now holding. His Creator has given him three children by his union — Frank E., Nellie M. and Ralph W. He has always been an enthusiastic Rej)ublican, having cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. He takes deep interest in all temperance movements, and every thinsj that tends to promote morality. STEPHEN .lACKSON, boots and shoes; West Liberty; is a son of Amos and Rachel Goodenough .laekson. His father was born in Vermont, March 5, 1796; and his mother in the same State in 1797; they were married at Darby Plains, Union Co.; moved to Buck Creek, ('hampaign Co., and remained there until 1841, when they came to West Liberty, where the father engaged in blacksinithing, 'C fi 716 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. which he continued until 1864. He is the father of si.\ children, three of whom are dead; the three that survive are Henry, Clarinda and Stephen. The father served as drummer in the war of ISVi, and was captured, at Lake Chainplain, by Col. Clark, and was held a prisoner for three months; the father yet sur- vives, but the motiier is deceased; they early united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Stephen was born Sept. 14, 1825, in Cliani- paig-n Co., where he sj)ent his boyhood days attending school, and working in the shop with his father, with whom he completed his apprenticeship as a blacksmith, which avoca- tion he followed in connection with his father and brother Henry; he was in partnership with the latter but two years, and with the former all the rest of his time until 1864, when he then enjjasred for himself and continued until 1879, when he began in the boot and shoe business, which he still continues under the firm name of Ziegler & .Jackson; carrying on a full line of custom-made Ijoots and shoes, also running a regular rej)air and uuiinifactur- ing department. He was married, Nov. 10, 1847, to Elmitia, a daughter of Isaac and Jane Austin Sharp, of Logan Co. Her parents were natives of New Jersey, and emigrated to their present abode in an early day; she was born in 1825, and died Sept. 1, 1849; one child, Robert H., was given them by the Cre- ator. He was again married March 10, 1853, to Delilah J. Hayes, by whom he has one daughter living — Mary, who married Henry Jones; and three died in infancy. He has been Councilman two terms; is a mendier of Liberty Lodge, No. 165, F. and A. M., and a member of tlu; Methodist K])isc(ipal Church, as is also his wife. He has taught music, and occasionally amuses the communitv by select- ing a chcjir and rendering a number of the old style songs; in this mode of instruction he is pronounced very el1ici(!nt. By careful man- agement he has accumulated some good prop- erty on Newell street, and is also in ])osses- sion of a good smithing trade, conducted by Charles Overdorff. M.UtVlN JEWELL, farmer; P. O., Belle- fontaine; was born .lune 'i, 1822, in liake Co., O. His father was t)orn in Connecticut and his mother, Sallie .Miller, in Pennsylvania (her father was one of the early settlers of the Western Reserve). His parents carae to Logan Co., and settled near Rushsylvania in 18.37, anrl in May, 1870, the father died on the farm where Marvin now lives. His amiable consort, \)'lio had been the witness of his sor- sows and joys, left hiniryears before, to reap her reward in another sphere; she had four children — two of whom are now living — ^larvin and Miranda. The father was mar- ried again to Abigail Fenton, by whom he had one child — David H. She ilied prior to her husband. Mr. Jewell left his father's home, near •Rushsylvania, when 18, without one cent in his possession, and but one suit of clothes, and sought employment with a man in Belmont Co., on the farm, at ^7 per month. For seven years he was teaming with six horses, hauling wheat, corn and tobacco to market. He was married .Jan. 9, 1845, to Catharine De Ford, of Pennsylvania, and con- tinued his labors in Belmont Co. until 1801, when he returned to I.,ogan Co., and rented for some time. He then bought 85 acres, wh(>re he now lives, and has since added un- til he possesses 171.V acres of well improved land, attained entirely by his own labors, and has lately erected a fine tlwelling on the same. He has eight children living — .Sarah E., El- wood, Alonzo, St. Clair, Alice, Sidney Brady, Ida and Ada (twins), and one deceased, Mary. Himself and wife have been mendjers of the Disciples' Church for thirty-five years. He has always been identified with the Whig and l{epid)lican party, ami has made ail he has by his own hard lal)ors and i)usiiu^ss manage- ment, coupled with that of iiis industrious wife. J. A. JONES, farmer; P. O., West Liberty. This industrious old farmer was born Jan. 20, lSll,on his father's farm in New Jersey. His father, Thomas, was a native of Hunter- don Co., same State, and always livcnl there. His mother, Grace Anderson, was also a na- tive of the same county. His grandfather Jones emigrated from Wales in an early day, and serve i as a Ca|)tain during the revolu- tionary struggle. His grandmother (pater- nal) was a Bray, and th(^ descendants by his mother were Irish — nniking th(! Jones fanuly of to-day of those two distinguished nationalities — Welsh and Irish. Mr. Jones' l)arents ha are members of the Christian ('lunch, at this place. They have one child. Mary, at home. He read dentistry with Dr. Gill, at this place, and enlists his time and talent at that business. His father, James, was born about ITOl, in Kentucky, and his mother, Rachel (Covington), in Ohio. The}' settled in Champaign Co., where they died — the mother first, after which he again married. By his first wife he had six chil- dren, three of whom survive — John, 'Sarah and W. C, and by his last marriage had four children. He was in the war of 1812, serving uiuler Captain Black. The doctor and pa- rents were memliers of the Christian Church. JACOB C. RISER, deceased; West Liber- ty. The subject of the following sketch ^ l\^ 718 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. descended from a long line of distinguished ancestors, all tillers of the soil. Mr. Kiser spent nearly the whole of his active life as a farmer, and always enjoyed the respect, confidence and afVoction of his fellow-citizens, which a useful life alone can permanently se- cure. Bvit this aged and res])ected citizen has departed to "that bourne from whence no traveler returneth." He was horn Mart'h 25, 1824, in Rockingham Co., V'a., and was the son of .John and Mary (Cline) Kiser. The Kiser faniilv are descendants from the early settlers of Virginia. The father of our sub- ject came to Montgomery Co., O., about the year 1832 and bought a tract of land, where is now the present site of the Soldier's Home, and, on his return home, died May 18, 1832, at Springfield, O. His widow and seven childri-n came within a short time and located on this farm, where they remained until 1830, when they sold the same and bought 277 acres whore they now live. Here the mother died .huie 1, 1877, at the ripe old age of 8(1. She was the first of the Kiser family who had died for forty 3'ears. Her marriage with .Fohn Kiser occurred Oct. 9, 1817. Her mother, Marv Cline, was born April 2, 17C7, and died on the farm where the deceased's widow now lives, July 8, 1848. Her father was born Sept. 7, 1705, and died Oct. '8, 1831, in Vir- ginia. Mr. Kiser, deceased, was one of seven children, and is the only one that is dead. Jose])h C, born July 26, 1818, is now living on what is know as the Oakland Farm, near Oregon, Wis.; Daniel C, born Jan. 14, 1820, living at lionsack's, Va.; (ieorge W., born April 14, 1S22, now a resident of Washing- ton, la.; Jacob C; .lohn Q., born Oct. 13, 182(i, resident of Reading, Lyon Co., Kan.; William C, horn July 17, 1828, resident of Dane Co., Wis.; Mary A. K., born April 2'J, ]S3(), married .'^aniuel Whitrnore, living at Mt. Crawford, Rockinghatn Co., Va. Mr. Kiser had but little advantage outside of home for obtaining an eilucation; however, he received, as did all the rest of the pioneers, a few months schooling within the walls f)f the old log cabins. No time was wasted in truancy, but his business was the improve- ment of his mind and the farm. He worked two years at tanning at West Liberty, with the firm of Riddle & Rutan; afterward^ about one year at photography at Bellefontaine; was married A])ril 13, 1854, to Sarah A., a daughter of Moses and Sarah (Black) Mcll- vain, natives of Kentucky, and early settlers of Champaign Co., O. She tiled Dec. 7, 1857, and was the mother of two children by this union. John F., born Feb. 1!J, 1855, and Ida J., Sept. 20, 185(). He was again married Dec. 1, 1804, to Amanda Newell, a daughter of Hugh and Kli/.abeth (McNay) Newell. She was born Se]5t. 18, 1S33; by her he has three children — William N., born Sept. 2, 18()5; Hugh N., May 5, 1807; and Jacob Oliver, Dec. 13, 1870. Mr. Kiser setth'd on the present farm at his first marriage, and in 1870 he bought the same of his mother for i!20,00(). He retired from labors, mostly, in 1870, on account of ill health. On Aug. 20, 1880, he was stricken from life's loU on earth, and gathered into the life eternal, leaving liehind his happy family, the companions of his joys and sorrows, for many years. II<' was ])romi- r.entlv identified with the 1. (). O. F. and A., F. anil A. M. at West Liberty, the Chapter of Bellefontaine, and Knights Temjilar of T'r- bana. He was the first man ever buried in Logan Co. under the order of the Knights 'l'(>niplar, and was one of the first three ever initiatt^l in the order in this county. He is now no more, but has left his mourning family plenty of this world's goods to make them pleasant through life. It vpas on the lips of everybody, that Mr. Kiser was resjiected and loved by everyone. In this connection we clip the following from the Bellefontaine J'J.r- aminer: " Mr. Kiser was about 57 or 58 j'ears of aje, and the ])ossessor of one of the best improved and the best stock farms in Logan Co. He was a man of unbli'mislieil character, honest, honorable ami upright, ami, as such, resjiected and hoTiored by all who knew him. His death is a loss to the com- munity in which he dwelt, while to his family it is one that no lapse of time or circumstances can repair. He leavi>s a wife, three or four sons and one danglit(>r, who will cherish through their lives the memory of his good- ness and of his devotion to them with tender and loving regret." He was not, by any means, indifferent to the claims of religion, but for some time past was deeply interested about his spiritual condition. H. .1. Mll.L[-:i;, merchant ; West Liberty. Among the early settlers, the gentleman LIBEETY TOWNSHIP. 719 named above was conspicuous, and the Mil- ler faintly have held no second i)osition in their influence on the community from then to the present time. H. J. was born ,Iune -t, 1821, in Pennsylvania, and came to Sandusky by steamboat. He received such education as the old log cabin afforded him. He began early learning the harness trade with Riddle & Rutan, with whom he continued four years, and then engaged in the same, at Urbana, during one year ; afterward carried on the same business, on his own resources, at Ken- ton, for twelve years, and then returned to West Liberty, where he engaged in buying grain and merchandising, under the firm name of Taylor & Miller, for six years ; they then engaged under the tirm name of Runkle, Taylor & Co. — since, the firm of Taylor, Fisher & Co ; in 1807, he entered the dry-goods business, in which he continues, and is doing an excellent trade in all kinds of dry-goods, notions, groceries, etc. He was married, in 1814, to Margaret Gordon, a daughter of .John P. and Mary (Ryan) Gordon, natives of Penn- sylvania. Mr. Miller had by this union seven children, si.x of whom survive — Mary, Eliza, Henry, Clara, Margaret and Alfred. His amiable companion, in 1876, was stricken from life's roll on earth, and gathered into life eternal, having gained her faith through the Presbyterian Church, having l^een in close and active connection for twenty years. He owns GOO acres of well improved land, which is the fruit of his own labors. While learn- ing- his trade at harness-makinor he o-ot from 130 to §10 per year ; he can now walk out upon his own broad acres, and boasts no worldly treasure save that attained by his own industry. In all the varied experiences of the above hastily sketched life, its possessor has been peculiarly fortunate. He has been fortunate in the possession of a well balanced mind of great vigor ; fortunate in the pos- session of a fine jihj-sical organization and ex- cellent health ; also, in being able to befriend all, and having all for his friends. He is identified with the ]?epublican party, and has often rejjresented the same in county conven- tions. THEODORE F. MH.LER, West Liberty, is of the firm of O. S. Miller & Co., wholesale jobbers in notions, hosiery and gents' furnish- ing goods, and manufacturers of the Nonesuch overalls, jackets and shirts. He was born on Aug. 2G, 1811, in Fredericksburg, Wayne Co., O. He took advantage of the common schools until 14 years of age, when he began mer- chandising, which he has since continued. He was married Sept. 12, 1872, to Anna B. Good- win, who was born May 16, 1851, by whom he has two children — Bessie G., born Aug. 27, 1877, and Albert T., born May 8, 1880. John Goodwin, the father of Mrs. Miller, was a na- tive of Virginia and emigrated to Clark Co., O., when young; he was born in 1822, and died in 1867; was married in 1847 to Mary Scheller (the mother of ilrs. Miller), who was born Nov. 6, 1829, in Clark Co., and is a daug-hter of Adam and Mary (Heastand) Scheller. The father was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., in 1789, and her mother in Hagers- town, Md.; she was tlu; mother of twelve children, nine of whom are living — Emanuel M., Adam, Daniel, Elizabeth, Henry, Anna N., John, Mary and Lvdia. She died in 1875, and the father is now living in Green Co., this State. Mrs. Miller is one of six chil- dren, three of whom survive — Orrin, Anna B. and Willetta. The grandfather Scheller came from Germany when 4 years old. The father of Mrs. Miller was a dry-goods mer- chant for many years, and during his latter days he owned a nursery, and finally he kept the noted Goodwin Hotel at Dayton, where he was killed bv fallino- out of a biigii'y. DR. J. ORDW AY, retired physician; West Liberty. The data that ^e have been able to obtain of Dr. Ordway is of exceeding brevity, but his early residence and identifica- tion with the early history of Logan Co. scatters his name on many pnges of this book. He was born in New Hampshire, June 22, 1800. His father, .John, died when he was three years old, and he was thrown out on life's current without the care of a father; hence, his school days were limited, as he must care for the necessaries of life. He re- mained with his mother until the age of 8, and then went to live with his grandfather Ordway, who sent him to one of the old pioneer log cabins, where he learned his A. B. C.'s; at the expiration of two years he re- turned to his mother, she having-, in the mean- time, married Roliert Christie; he remained at home until 16, during which time he was engaged on the farm, but his active mind i 3\^ 720 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. soujrht other labors, and he left the parental roof anJ l)egan attending school at Spring- field, O. (tiie family having moved to Clark Co. some time prior to that time). K.\treme poverty brought this young student to want, and he readilv sought night cniploynient in a cooper shop, and during the day would attend iiis recitationir; his labor at night would bring him enough means to pay his board; this he continued for two years; he became very apt in his f lasses, and found some moments for extra labors, which he improved by reading medicine; at the age of 18 he began teach- ing school in the country at ^20 per month, and during his spare; time was reading medi- cine with Dr. Lawrence, of Springfield; the latter he continued for three years, which was the requirement of the law; he then went be- fore a board of censors at Dayton, Ohio, and was examined, and got an excellent grade; he at once began i)ractice with his preceptor for a short time, and then. May ^8, 18'28, began at West Liberty, being then the first and only practitioner at this place; ho soon gained a wide practice, and made himself known as a skilled and elliiient physician; during a ])eriod of three months, he rode down three horses, and enjoyed only nine nights sleep during that time; his extensive practice be- gan to injure his health, and he began to withdraw about 1844 or '45, and finally book- ed the last account in 1849, and ilovoted his entire time to merchandising, which ho had entered prior to that time. In this vocation he was successful, and accmnulaled (piite a little fortune; he retireul from l)usiness in 186:2, on account of ill health, and since that time has turned his attention to farming 250 acres of land in Logan and Champaign Co.s; he owns three lots 50x150, IJ aero lul in the north part of town, two other lots and Imild- ings, all in West Liberty, making in all. to- gether with his lands, a valuation of •?40,UUO to #.5U,00O, all of which is the fruit of his own labors. He was nuirried, Jan. 7, 18:30, to Sabrina E. .McGruder; she died in 1848; he was again married, March 8, 184!), to .Man- dane S. Fish; she is still living, and has been of great assistance in accumulating their fortune. Dr. O. was always eager to witness anything of infer, st, and one time he walk(>d twelve miles to see an elephant, perhaps the first that ever came through this country in a show. He has served in some small township offices, as Treasurer and Town Councilman. The present Mrs. Ordwaj' was born in 182"-i, in Randolph, Orange Co., Vt. Her father, James Fish, died when she was nine months old, and her mother, Achsah (I.,amson) Fish, was married again in 1835, to Washington Granger, a local Methodist Kpiscopa! minister. She had by her Ibrmor marriage six children, four of whom survive. Her mother died in 1868, and was a mendjer of the Christian Church. Mrs. Ordway came in Oct., 1845 to Urbana, with William Harbach (an uncle). She there taught school until married; she was educated at the academy at Kandoli)h Corners, in Vermont; she early took an in- terest in singing, and became a very efficient alto singer; she was often selected as an alto representative to musical conventions in the East; at her ripe old age, now, she has a very distinct and sweet voice, and is the leading alto singer in the Methodist chcjir at this place. She and the doctor have been identi- fied with the Methodist Episcopal Church for two score or mor(> years, the financial interest of which denomination has been benefited by their relationshi]), as well as their connection morally and otherwise. The doctor cast his first vote for John Q. Ailams, for Pi-esident, and has always taken an interest in the oflicial selections, yet, during all this, he has never sought office. In Dr. Ordway we find a marked instance of a self-made man, talented, energetic and careful; educated by his own energies and jii'rseverance; sociable and af- fable in his intercourse with all, of good le- gal abilities, liiu' |)hvsieal (vrg:uii/.alion. The hanil of time has toueliecl him gently. J. H. MiCiruder, the father-in-law of our subject, came to Clarke Co., O., in 1^'27, was transfer- red soon after to Chain])aign Co., anil thence to Logan Co., in 18:iO; he was a large share- holder in tlib east, and brought with him Maria HawkiTis (one of his old slaves) ami three childnMi — Windsor, .Margaret and Stacy; her husband was taken south. She now lives in Washington, D. C. Father McGruder was an early merchant at this place, and had his business room where is now the present site of Woodward's boot and shoe store. We clip the following from a Logan Co. paper: "We have the inelancdioly duty of announ- cing the death, by suicide, on the night of LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. Tuesday last, 1850, of the Rev. J. B. Mc- Gruder, of West Liberty, in this county. The deceased was an elderly man, but had enjoyed remarkably good health until within a comparatively short period, wlien he sank into deep melancholy, and in a fit of derange- ment put an end to his existence by hanging. No event, we presume, has ever produced so deep a sensation among the citizens in the vicinity in which he lived, and where he had resided for more than twenty years. He was universally respected and beloved. He has been, we know not for how long, but we pre- sume for the greater part of his life, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and adorn- ed its doctrines by his daily walk and conversa- tion. He was one of the most earnest and most devoted Christians that we have ever known. Whenever good was to be effected, whenever anything was to be done, promo- tive of the temjjoral and eternal welfare of his fellow man, father McGruder was found among the most earnest, efficient and un- wearying laborers. But his earthly career is now ended, and he is gone to his reward. He leaves many sad hearts to mourn his im for- tunate and melancholy death."' A. J. SCOTT, livery; West Liberty; was born Aug. 9, 1839, in Champaign Co., O. His father, Zachariah, was born Nov. 18, 1800, in the same county, as was also his mother, Maria (Lake) Scott, her birthday be- ing Oct. 22, 1805. These jiarents began life in the green woods; wild game was then plenty, and the father obtained the greater jDart of their meat by hunting. During this time the Indians were plenty, yet the father had some dislike for them, and" never traded with them, as did many of the pioneers. His grudge against them was caused by a combat between his brother Joseph and some red men in Wisconsin, during which engage- ment Joseph killed one of thiMu, and had ''to flee for his life, and was only saved by beino- placed in a block house, and kept there through the entire winter. In the spring was let out, at which time he sought the wilds of Ohio, working the way on foot. Mr. Scott's father and mother had five children — Jane, de- ceased; Eliza, Margaret, A. J. and Thomas J. The mother died in 1832. The father was again married to Mary Lake, a sister of his former wife, by whom he had — David, John, Maria, Matilda, Lovena, George, Charlie, Chloe, Zachariah and Belle. The father died in 1862; his widow survives and is living at Heyworth, III. A. J. remained with his parents until 22 years old, during which pe- riod he shared with his brothers in laboring on the farm and attending school in the log cabin; also going to mill on horseback, following along the snake paths. H(> was married March 20, 1850, to Martha J. Saltkill, a native of Pennsylvania; by her he hasfivi> children, all living — Maria E., Laura, Mary, Zachariah and Addie B. He devoted his life to farming un- til March 7, 1880, when he formed a co-jiart- nership with John Steelman in the livery, sale and feed business at which he is doing first-class; and as he and Mr. Steelman give their entire personal attention to the same, of course merit the patronage they receive. He owns a nice residence in this little village, votes the Democratic ticket, and has always voted for the party, save one vote, which was cast for Abraham Lincoln. PRESTON W. SEARCH, Superintendent of West Liberty School, and Associate Editor Gaxette; is a son of Thonuis and Matilda Search; was born at Marion, O., April 10, 1853. At this writing he is the Superintend- ent of Schools at West Liberty, O. The early education of Prof. Search was obtained in the Marion LTnion Schools. At the age of ]G years he entered Dr. H. A. True's Private Classical School, under whose instruction he continued three years, and afterward at- tended the University at Wooster, where he completed his school life, e.xtending over a period of fifteen years. Talented, enthusi- astic, his success in college is an earnest for his future life. P. W. Search was not the man to leave the future to the direction of impulse, but with a definiteness that at on<'e revealed his maturity of character. With a singularly rare ap|)reciation of the value of commencing life with positive aims, he condensed his con- victions into this beautiful maxim; " 7\> thine own se/f he trm," and this he has faithfully observed. It moulded his character, exer- cised a restraining influence on his daily life, and lent it the beauty of moral strength, the peace of contentment, unfailing courtesy, steady, conscientious industry, unostentatious charities, genial habits, and the sincere polite- ness of a Christian gentleman. Ever since 722 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. leaving college Prof. Search has been a close student; he is a self-made man, and a self- educated man. He supported himself in college by teaching tlu-ee winter schools, and hearing private classes. He has spent sever- al summers, also, in teaching, writing, com- mercial, and music schools in different parts of the State. On the 4th of .March, IST-l, he made a favorable response to an ajiplication made by the citizens of Miliersburg, O., to the faculty of the University of W'ooster, urging him to take charge of the Miliersburg Academy, as its Principal. In this important position he was assisted by the talented .Mrs. D. W. Van Evera, Lady Principal, and Mrs. O. J. French, who, for eighteen years, was President of the Female Seminary at Can- nonsburg, Penn., and other distinguished in- structors. W'e learn much of the po])ularity of Prof. Search as an instructor at Millers- burg, from the citizens and the public press thereof, as well as th(» catalogues of the In- stitution; w<- also learn that the Academy was supported by a liberal attendance of students. Fnjni this position the subject of our sketch retired to ojien a mnsic store at Marion, O., in which business he continued nearly three years. During this time, with that indomita- ble perseverence that characterizes the man, he prepared students forcollegi',and at the same time he wiis ably filling the position of Princi- ])al of the Marion Connnereial School, being a skillful bookkeeper, as well as a master of the beautiful art of penmanshi]). Prof. Search has a line reputation as a director and com- poser of nuisic, and is to-day largely engaged in the publication of his own comiiositions, as well as that of other music directors, the copyright of which he owns. He was born U) itistruet, to charm, to elevate the human soul, to furnish his ndlow mortals with some of the itistrumentalities of a pure, high en- joyment. Upon several occasions he has conducted musical conventions in neighbor- ing places. On the first Monday of Sej)tem- ber, 1H77, Prof. Search took charge of tlie West Liberty I.'nion Schools, which needed a thorough re-organization badly, and it re- quired the services of just such an one as he to place it uiion a .solid foundation. Heing a teacher of the highest order, practical in edu- cation and in the esthetic, he sought, by natural gravitation of iiis faculties, to blend the two elements, thus making him capable of rendering the task attra<'tive to himself as well as pleasing to the jnipil, and this happv combination, together with his ability as a inethodizer, planner and organizer, rendered him peculiarly the "rii;ht man in the right place." That he has j)roven himself pre- eminently ''master of the situation" is a notorious fact, and we base his success not only on the accomplishments we havi' already mentioned, but also upon his remarkable ex- ecutive ability, his earnestness, his ])Ower to command the respect and affection of his pupils, his singular facility of rapidly impart- ing what he knows to others, his faculty for bringing order out of chaos, and the peculiar ability which he has of causing the pupil to feel that the spirit of his instructor pervades the whole school-room. He is never boister- ous, never displays anger in the presence of his pupils, but wlien he speaks he is promptly obeyed. H(> is autocratic in the schonl-roum, yet his pupils take pleasure in obeying him. They love and do not fear him, anublisher, have enjoyed largely the benefit of his ob- servations and power as a descriptive writer. His pen is facile, gifted andelo(pient, capable even of soaring into the beautiful realms be- yond. Prof. Search is a gentleman of sterling worth, high moral endowments, an esteemed citizen of West Liberty, and being, compara- tively, a young man yet, he gives promise of enlarged usebilness. GEOlUiE SECRIST, farmer; P. 0., West Liberty; was born Dec. 4, 1814, in Rockingham LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 723 Co., Va. His father, Henry, was born in the same county, in 1782, and his mother, Dorothy Coon, in Botetourt Co., in 1785. The parents came to Ohio in 181G witli five chil- dren — Jacob, John, Michael, George and Maria and in this county were born — Sarah, Dorothy, Samuel, Nathan, Rebecca, Henry and Rose Ann. The parents rented for a few years in this township after settling licre, and then bought where Henry Secrist and ^Valter Howell now reside, and there remained until the death of the father in 1868. This claim was entered from the government by John Watts, who received the patent from J. Q. Adams. The father pai 1 §5 per acre for the same. Here the old pioneer began life with scarcely anything save two horses and two cows; the former caught the arlanders and both died, and the latter became foundered on chopped feed and also died which left him with nothing. He managed to trade a rifle- gun for an old gray horse, which served tiiem in ooingr to the mill, etc., and in a short time two calves grew up, which they yoked and with them plowed the soil. Our subject re- mained with his father until 31 years old, when he began working- for himself, by rent- ing ground of the neighbors, and made his home with his father until he was married, in 1839, to Hannah, a daughter of Thomas and Margaret Collins. She was born Oct. 10, 1821, in Lancaster Co., Pa., and by her he had eleven children, eight of whom are now living — Margaret, Maria, Eliza J., Dorothj' J. (dead), Savina E., Adolphus M., Sarah E. (dead), .lohn L., Marj- E., Henry and Frances R. (dead). Mr. Secrist settled after marriage (jn the I'arm now owned by D. D. Yoder, for one summer, and then rented of John Smith for some time. He then bought 128 acres where he now lives, going in debt for the greater part of it, which was a source of great anxiety to him until liquidated, Imt, by care- ful management and strict economy, he has made himself a happy home. He has held the office of Townshij) Trustee. Himself and wife are members of the Christian Church in Liberty Tp., called the !McKee's Creek Church. He votes the Republican ticket. AUGUSTUS B. SIEG, merchant; West Liberty. The gentleman whose name is at the head of this article is not an old resident of this place, but one whose talents and abili- ties have prominently identified him in the literary and business interests of the town. He was born July 14, 18.37, in Augusta Co., Va. ; he early manifested an interest in edu- cation, and attended the academy of that county until 18, when he entered Roanoke College, where he completed a course in 1857; he then returned to his parents, and, in 1859, went to Marshall, Saline Co., Mo., and there merchandised under the firm name of Gorham & Sieg, continuing about three years; durinsr the war, they lost almost all they had, and Mr. Sieg came to West Liberty and entered the dry goods business as a silent partner in the firm of Pennock & Cruzen. In three years, he withdrew, and entered his present business with H. J. Miller, whose daughter, Mary, he had married, Oct. 3, 18G5, by whom he had one child — Paul M. Himself and wife are members of the Lutheran Church at this place, of which denomination he has been deacon since his connection therewith, in 1865. While in Virginia, he was Captain of an infantry regiment from 1858 to 1859. Paul, the father of our subject, was born in Augusta Co., Va., and there married, in 1816, Eliza- beth Haines, also a native of the same county; she blessed him with twelve children, eight of whom survive — Henry, Julia, Elizabeth, Carrie, Kate, Eva, Angle and Augustus B. Our subject's great-grandfather, Paul Sieg, was born in Germany, and at the age of 20 years he published an article severely criticising- the government, and emigrated to this coun- try for safety, settling in Lancaster Co., Penn. Here he married, and raised two boys — Henry and Paul; the latter was born in 1753, and married Susannah Fauber, in 1781; in 1788, they moved to Shenandoah Co., Va., with their children — Susannah, .John, Jacob and Paul. They here bought a fine iarm, and lived upon it for nineteen years. Here Valentine and David were born. In 1807, he moved with his family to Church- ville, Augusta Co., and bought the " Rose Isle " farm; he died Sept. 22, 1817. Paul, the father of our suliject, came into possession of this last-named farm, partly by inheritance and partly by purchase. He died Sept. 17, 1846, of tj-phoid fever, at 59 years of age, being born July 13, 1787. He was a wise and prudent man of business, and soon added a number of valuable farms to his possessions. f 724 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. and also owned at one time the noted "Oak- land Hotel" property, of Augusta Co. He was a fifreat advocate of liberal education, and did a great deal toward establishing Roanoke College, and was the leading spirit in estab- lishing a classical school in his own neighbor- hood. When Augustus went to Roanoke College, Dr. liittle, President of the institu- tion, greeted hini very warniU% and said: ''Your father was the Ijest man 1 ever saw, and the best friend I ever had, and 1 prom- ised him before his death that 1 would see j'ou liberally educated." Elizabeth, the wife of Paul, was born in Virginia, Oct. 2S, 1790, and died, his widow, Aug. 4, 1864, in her 74th year. STANTON BRUTHER.S, merchants; West Liberty. Prominently identified with the leading merchants of West Liberty are the Stanton brothers, whose firm name heads this sketch. James, the eldest, engaged in teaching school for four winters, and after- wards was engineer at the Phoeni.x Iron Works in Chicago, and then kept books for some time for Jones & Co., job printers, at the same place. In 1877, he, in partnership with his brother William, engaged in the present business, having a full line of dry goods and notions. They devote their entire attention to the business, and employ one steady clerk. They make a specialty of ma- ple sweet, having handled during last season over 75,000 ])ounds of sugar and molasses. Their father, Daniel, was born Aug. 30, 1608, and was the son of James and Ann (Newby) Stanton — the former a native of V'irginia and the latter of North Carolina. He was married in IS'.ii to the present .Mrs. Angeline Stanton, a daughter of John and Elizal^eth (.lohnson) Watkins; the father was bom in Susse.\ Co., ^'a., .lunc 1, 1781, and thi' mother in Isle of AVight Co., Va. Her father taught school in his younger days, and was elected County Surveyor, in which position he served for over tw(;nty years. Her parents then cauie to Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson Co., O., in 1831, and for some time engaged in the mercantili> busi- ness. He was socjn after chosen President of tha Uaiik at that place, retaining that position for many years, and also served as a director of the same; he had ten children, five of whom survive — Lambert, Angeline, William, Elizabeth and Lydia. Both of the parents were members of the Friends' Church. The parents of our subjects came to liOgan Co., O., in 1832, and began life with only willing hands and stout hearts. They settled in the green woods in a "squatter's" cabin, made of round logs, stick chimney, puncheon floor, and doors hung on wooden hinges. Here they enjoyed many ha])])y hours among the thick forests and wild animals, but no time was lost, and soon the timber began to fall, and ere many ^-ears had elapsed they had ])repared a bi>autiful farm of 75 acres, and ere the father dietl they jiossessed I'Jl acres. They sold wheat at 30 cents per bushel and butter at 6 cents per pound, to pay off their debts and to obtain the necessaries of life. They once sold a large fatted calf for ^4, with which they liquidated their tax, it being that amount. On Dec. 10, 1870, the father was stricken from life's roll on earth, and gathered into life eternal, leaving behind him the com- Jianion of his joys and sorrows, with whom he had shared for over thirty-eight j-ears. They hful been dining all of their lives mendiers of th(( Friends' Church. Mrs. Stanton is now ph»asantl}' located in West Liberty with a part of her ])leasant and intelligent family of eight children, who grew up to call her blessed. A shcirt time ago she was struck with paralysis, which may, ere long, waft her from the shores of time, but she will leave a i-ecord of having been a faithful Christian and a kind and loving mother and companion. Her sur- viving children are — Elizabeth (married Isaac ■James); John, now in Rice Co., Kan.; .lames; Deborah (married E. Brown); William and Lydia. The great-grandfather, .lames Stan- ton, was the son of Samson, born Aug. 7, ]83(!, and Ruth. They had James, .lohn, Sarah and Daniid. The grandmother, Ann (Newby) Stanton, deceased Se]>t. 17, 1854, and was the last of the Newby family. Her father, Thomas, was the son of Thomas and Mary Newby, ami was the grandson of Thomas and Rebecca Pretlow. Mary Newby wasadanghter of John and Martha Lawrence, and was born Oct. H, 1745. H. S. TAVI.Oi; & CO., grocers; West Lib- erty. Prominently identified among the lead- ing business men of West Liberty is the firm heading this article; they were born in this j)lace, Frank P., the elder, in 1854; he at- tended college at O.xford, Ohio, in 1868 and ,>?- LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 725 1869; in 1870, began keeping books in the bank at this place; continued until 1873, when the cashier, Mr. Rankle, died, and he suc3eeded him in the position, which he still merits. Was married, October, 1878, to Hat- tie Johnson, native ol Pennsylvania; by her he has one child — Ralph. He is a member of Mad River Lodge, No. 191, A., F. & A. M., at this place, in which he is now J. W.; also, member of Lafayette Chapter, Bellefon- taine, Ohio, and Roper Commandery, No. 19, Urbana, Ohio. Harry S., the younger mem- ber, assumes entire control of the grocery, and, by close attention to business, they have learned that, coupled with buying lay the chief point in selling. They have always had the satisfaction of seeing their business in- crease, until they are now running a capital stock of $7,000. They are erecting a fine two-story brick, 21x80 feet, in which they purpose ruiuiing a wholesale and retail line of the best qualities of all kinds of grocer- ies. I. C. TAYLOR, physician; West Liberty. In the practice of medicine in all cities and towns there are those j)hysicians wiio, by long practice, have become so well known to the people that the compliments of the press are unneeded on their part. Among this class of physicians we find Dr. I. C. Taylor, who has been a resident of this village s nee Jan. 1, 1841; he is a native of Champaign Co., and was born Oct. 10, 1820, in Urbana; his early days were spent in a log schoolhouse; at the age of 13, he went to the Ohio University at Athens, wliere he remained until 15 j'ears old, wiien ho then entered school at Oxford, re- maining there two years; he then returneti to his native heath, and began reading medi- cine with Dr. J. E. Carter, witli whom he con- tinued for three years; he then attended the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati; he at once began practicing with Dr. Marshall at Addison, Champaign Co. In one year his partner died, and the doctor then went to Marysvilie, Union Co., where he remained two years; he then came to West Liberty, where he has since been; he came here young in his profession and somewhat a stranger, and, be- ing naturally of a despondent nature, the future sometimes looked dark; but, being a gentleman as well as a thoroughly well-read physician, his practice gradually increased, as did also his circle of friends, until now, by his close attention to business, he has a fine practice and a host of warm friends, some be- ing of the poorer class, to whom he has been a friend in many cases of need. In 1856 he was sent by the government to the plains of Colorado, for the purpose of effecting some compromise with the Indians, on the construc- tion of the Union Pacific Railniad. He giin- ed the desired object only verbally, the Indians promising to go south, which they did, but would not sign any writing. Dr. Taylor returned in about fifteen months, and again entered on his professional duties. He was married in 1841 to .lane D. Arden, a native of New Jersey. Her parents were Moses and Ann E. Arden, who emigrated to this county at an early day. He has had by this union nine children, six of whom are liv- ing — Moses, Eudora, Robroy, I. C. (practicing medicine in Butler, Ky.), Alonzo and Jesse P. He has been Townsiiip Clerk and member of the Town Council, also a member of Liberty Lodge, No. 161, F. & A. M. His amiable consort died March 19, 1880. His father, Samuel, was a native of Virginia, and his mother, Sarah (Philips) of Kentucky. The father was a miller, and his father built the first grist-mill in the State of Ohio. The mother of our subject died about 1824, and was the mother of four children, all deceased but the doctor. The father was married twice since, and became sick June 1, 1878. The doctor brought him to his home and treated him until June 10, 1880, when he died at the ripe old age of 85 years. Dr. Taylor makes a specialty of lung and throat diseases, and is fast gaining a world-wide reputation on these two almost incurable diseases. He has treated some cases where men has been seventeen years deaf, and has restored them to perfect hearing. For a verification of this statement we refer the reader to S. S. Hartzler and James or Charles Houger; the latter two were treated for consumption, having been given up by many eminent physicians as in- curable. We would thus commend Dr. Tay- lor to the public as one of the most efficient physicians of the State. He is somewhat diseased, and may, ere long, enter a new sphere, but will leave a lasting remembrance of having acted a life of usefulness without ostentation. ^..\: iht^ 726 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. DA MARIS A. WILLIAMS (widow), far- mer; LilxTty Tp.; is a (lau. The names of those deceased — .luhn, Mar^', Nancy, and three infants. Mrs. Williams was born July 13, 1831, and was married, in 1852, to George A. Williams, a brother of Mrs. I. N. Uille, men- tioned elsewhere. Her husband was born July 20, 1824, in Berkeley Co., Va.; he de- voted about twenty-seven years of his life to the saw-mill business. He finally became insane from unknown causes, and, Julv 24, 1875, hung himself in his own shed. He was always kind to his family, and the last few weeks \n\ov to his suicide he had been uncom- monly good, and very devoted to them. No adverse winds or threatening storms seemed to obstruct their passage. It is ])rol)able that dysjiepsia was partially the cause of his insan- ity. He was the father of three children, two of whom survive — Tempie S. .\., Carrie E. and James M., who died in 185;! at the age of 6 months. Mrs. Williams owns 91 acres of well-improved land, a portion of the old homestead; she and her two daughters remain thereon, and rent the farm for sufficient means for their sup])ort. She is an active member of the .McKee's Creek Christian Church. J. W. WOODWARD, menhant; West Liberty; was born Jan 8, 1829, in Spring- field, Clark Co., Ohio; his father, Jacob 1^., was born in Chester Co., Penn., and his mother, Sarah Christie, was born in New Hos- ton, N. H., in 18()H; they came to Springfield when youncr; there the father engaged in carding, fulling and general merchandising until death, which occ\irred in 1831. They had two boys — J. W. and R. C; the latter is now Librarian of the Public Library of Springfield. The mother was again married, to John Nicols, bj' whom she had four chil- dren — William G., Jesse C, Isabella and Laura M. Jesse C. was Captain of the 6Cth O. V. I., and is now engagetl in the drug business in California. William G. was in the war, and is now traveling salesman for William Mann & Co., of Philadelphia, whole- sale stationery. The parents of our subject were mendx'rs of the Congregational Church. When J. W. was 7 years old, he came to live with Dr. Ordway, and has mostly been with him since; he was engaged as cashier of the bank at this place fiom 1857 to 18(»lp, at which time he went West, and engaged in raising cattle, and in two years he returned, and again entered the bank, where he remained until 1874, when he entered his present busi- ness — that of boots and shoes— and is having an excellent trade. In 1876, he built a fine two-sfory brick building, at a cost of S!3,<50(), which was consumi'd by the great fire of 1880. Was married in 1853 to Lucy Ste- vens, by whom he had I-izzie and Christie L.; both survive. His wife died in 1806, and was a strict nu'mber of tlu> Methodist Episco- pal Church. He was again married in Octo- ber, 1868, to'Laura E. Ilitclico.x, by whom he had two children — Richard O. and Katie T. Himself and wife are members of the Pres- byterian Church. He has been Township Trustee and Town Clerk a number of times, and has been willing to serve his share of other small offices, where it is all labor and no pay. He cast his first vote for S.'ott on the Whig ticket, and has siiu^e been a strong suj)- porter of the Whig and Re])ubli died in 1870, and was a member of the Ormish Mennonite Church, as w^as also his former consort. His third and last mar- riage occurred in 1872 with Nancy Hartzler; she is a daghhter of John and L. Zook Hartzler. By her he has five children — Rebecca H., Daniel H., Nancy M. (dead), Levi and Fainiie. Mrs. Yoder was born in 1843, in Mifflin Co., Pa. When Mr. Yoder first married, he began on a farm in Monroe Tp., renting it for three years — afterwards buying a farm now owned by Troyer & Smoker, and remained on this Ml -28 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. farm in Liberty Tp. until 1876, where he boufrht the present farm of 140 acres of John P. King; it is among' the best farms in the townshij), being well watered by living springs; he ha» served in some of the minor township offices, and has paid twice to clear the townshi)) draft; he has been a member of the Orniish Meinionite Church for thirty-five years, and has assisted in building a fine church; he cast his first vote for the Whig party, and since the formation of the Re- publican party he has been an active member. On his farm once stood an old log cabin school- house, IS.x'^O feet, with slab seats, puncheon floor, clapl>^>ard roof and writing desks made by fastening slabs on pins inserted in augur holes in the logs; the light was obtained by fastening greased paper over openings made in the wall. D. D. YODKi;, lann,M-; P. O., West Lib- erty; was born .June 12,1830, in Huntingdon Co., Penn.; his father, Daviil C, was born in 1800 in Mifflin Co., same State, and his mother, Magdalena (H(Kjly), was born in 1803 in the same county. The jiarents came to Ohio in 1845, settling on the farm where our subject now lives, and buying 320 acres, afterward selling 160 of the same to .Fohn Yoder. The father was killed by a team running away in 1849; the mother died in IS.'tO with the dropsy. They were members of the Ormish Meinion- ite Church. The children born to them were — John, Jonathan, Lydia, Elizabeth, (jhrist, Mary and Jacob. Onr representative re- mained on the farm with his ])arents until their decease, and witnessed all the hard- ships that were allotted lo the pioneers. In 18.51, he had both logs bniken by the bentof a barn, and he was compelled to lie on his back on a table for si. \ wei'ks ere he could go to bed; in about three months he became able to get around, and worked for Jacob Yoder at butchering during the year 1.S52. They had nnirket at Hellefontaine and De Graff; he then returned to the farm, and has since devoted his life; to the same, and is suc- cessful, making a specialty of stocking on his fine farm of lG(t acres, which is the old home- stead of his father. He was married in 11-1.55 to Elizabeth Yoder (no connection); she was born in 1S35 in Hunting you find the name of I). 1). Yoder. JONATH.\N YODER, farmer; P. ().. West Liberty; was born Feb. 26. 182!), in Mifflin Co., Penn. His father, Christopher, was born in the same county in 1703, and his mother, Mary, in Berks Co., same State, in 1786. They were married in Mifflin Co.; came to Ohio in 1845 and made their settlement in Champaign Co., renting of J. Ordway for two years. They then bought 160 acres in Afon- roe Tp., and remained there thirteen years, at which time, or in 1860, the father died; the mother, however, made her home on the farm until l.Sti5, when she, too, ended her pil- grimage here. The Creator gave to them twelve childicn; eleven of whom survive — David, .lonas, Martha, Rebecca, Uenjamin and Phebe (twins), Christo])her ami Mary (de(^eased), Daniel, Noah, Jonathan and Salo- ma. They were members of the Orniish Mennonite Church. Our sniiject attendeiubject settled at their marriage on what is now known as tiie Coving-ton Farm, buying 3() acres in })art- nersiiip with his brother Daniel. In 1872 he bought his jiresent farm, near West Liberty, of Sanuiel (Jhamlierlain; it contains IS'H acres of well imjiroved land, and is the fruit of his and his wife's own labors. Their union l)lessed them with eight children, seven of whom now survive — Israel, married Elizabeth Knig; Rachael, married Daniel Grabill; Ru- dolph, married Fannie Smoker; Arie K., mar- ried Levi King; ibartha E., Artie and Obver. Mr. Yoder has been no office-seeker, but has always taken deep interest in the selection of upright men to fill the various positions, and has alwa}'s been identified with the Re- publican party since its organization. BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP. AARON ARCHER, farmer; P. O., Bloom Centre; was born in Logan Co., O., Aug. 21, 1843, and was a son of W. W. Archer, of Fayette Co., O.; he moved to Logan Co., Miami Tp., in 1840. Mr. Archer has always been a resident of this county; was sent to school here, and married Miss Margaret E. Heatli, formerly of Illinois. They now have three children living — Marion E., Allen J., and .Facob. Three died in infancy. They own 80 acrei; of well improved land. He is Democratic in jiolitics. HENRY BAUGHMAN, farmer; P. O., iiloom Centre; was born in Franklin Co., O., Dec. 28, 1807, a son of Samuel Baughman, of PeiHisyivania, who was one of the first settlers of Franklin Co., U. He was united in mar- liage to Miss Eliza Fip, who was a native of PfiHisylvania, on Aug. 28, 1832. He moved to Bloomfield Tj). in 183(1, and bought of the govcrinnent 400 acres of land, ami has devoted his life to the improvement of the same. Their children are — Gordon, Emma (wife of George Robins, Esq., of Shelby Co., (J.); Eliza Ann (wife of .bjlm Hosie, Esq., of Logan Co.) Mr. Baughman has, for a number of times, filled the offices c>f the townshi]), but has always sought retirement. He has never belonged to any of the different societies or churches, but is one of " God's noblest and best works — an honest man." A. M. BAYER, manufacturer of drain tile; Bloom Centre; was born in Maryland, in 18.53; he came to Ohio in 1873, and settled in Bellefontaine in 1878, afterwards moving to Bloom Centre, and with his brother, D. B. Bayer, who was also born in Maryland, in 1849, entered into the business of tile-making. They employ four men, and are manufacturing all sizes of tile at their works, where they are always glad to see their many friends. He was mai-ried to Miss I-ucinda Deitriih, daugh- ter of Philip Deitrich, Esq., of Logan Co., O., Doc. 2-5, 1879. They own their house and 2 acres of land, tile-kilns, etc. He is a Demo- crat in jxilitics. RICHARD S. BRIGGS, farmer; P. O., Bloom Centre; was born in Chowan Co., N. C, Jul}' 2.5, 1840, and was a son of Eldred and Rhoda (Holway) Briggs; they moved with their family to Franklin Co. in 18.54, and in 1869 came to this county. Richard S. Briggs was luiited in matrimony on Jan. 14, 18G9, to Miss Susan M. ]\neif, of Logan Co., O.; they have been blessed with six children — Mary A. E., Angle A., Irena C, Allen L., Fred Tilton, Rosetta M. Mr. Briggs is one of the most enterprising young farmers of the county, owning a nice little farm of 38 acres. Mrs. Briggs is a mem- ber of the Reformed Church at Bloom Centre, voted the straight ticket, and is a member of Grange No. 484. CHARLES E. CONLEY, miller; Bloom Centre; was born^ in Auglaize Co., O., Sept. 5, 1840; the son of .lohn and Eliza (Marshall) Conley, of Ohio; he spent his boyhood in Au- glaize Co., and was united in the holy bonds of wedlock to Miss Viola McBeth, of the same county, on Nov. 10,1872; he moved to Bloom Centre in 18?8, and built the Bloom Centre Mr. Briggs has always Democratic ticket, and 730 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Flouring Mill. It has throe run of buhrs, and under the nianajjcment of Mr. Conley isdoinff a good custom i)usiness. Mr. and Mrs. Con- ley have been blessed with one child — EniuK^t Clyde — born July 0, 1880. He owns a good residence and several other dwellings in the prosperous village of Bloom Centre. GEORGP: W. cox, sawyer; Bloom Centre; pro|>rietor of the "Hall Saw Mill;" was born Dec. 'i'i, 184<;, at Dayton, ().; he wasa son of .lohn and liachel (Steeth) Cox, of Greene Co., O. Mr. Cox was raised at Osborne. O., until 18.")'.t, when he moved with his parents to Logan Co., O. At the breaking out of the late war he enlisted in the ."jTth O. V. 1., Coni]);uiy K, for two years. He was captured at Cai>e Fear Hiver, X. C, and sent t<74; he belongs to th<' Baptist Church, and is Iti-publican in pnlitiis. SOLOMON (LVKLIXG, farmer; V. ()., lilooni Centre. Auicpiig the |)ros|)erous well- lo-do farmers of Bhiomlield is Sir. Sohnnon (iarling, who was born in Pennsylvania on tin- 2(>th of March. IS-^O, anil moved tH Ohio with his father in \Xii. They sr-ttled in Fairfield Co., where he married .Miss .Marie Low in 1840. They came to Bloomfield in 18."i(), and settled on the place they IU)W own. They have hail four children — the first-born, Irving, died on Aug. 14, 1K7»; .fames Monroe, who was mnrried to .Miss Yates, of Hancock Co.; Mary and Catharine. Mr. Garling has been for ten years a Trustee of the township; htdongs to the German Reformed Church at Bloom Centre, and is a .lacksonian Democrat. DAVID HALL, farmer; P. O., Bloom Centre; he is a native of Logan Co. His father, Samuel Hall, moved from Fairfield Co., O., to Stokes Tp., in 1835, where the sidjject of this sketch was born, on Aug. 4, 1844. Mr. Hall was raised in this count}', and has been an eye-witness to the many changes that the civilization of the age has wrought for this county; he has spent all his time in this county, and was marrii'd to Miss Mary A., daughter of .Jonathan and Mary (Diesback) Greenwalt, of Fairfield Co., O., on Dec. 28, 18G.5, and they moved to their present splendid residence, near Bloom Centre, shortly afterwards. They liave two children living, and one in the spirit land — Emma X., born Fel). 3, 18(18; .lennie L, L., Aug. 18, 1870, and Clara, Nov. 13, 1860, who died Feb. 3, 1807. Mr. Hall owns 237 acres of finely improveil land, is a mendierof the German IJel'ormed Church, also of Grange No. 484, atul wants it understood that he has always been a Democrat. ANDREW H A LBOTH, farmer and mer- chaih; Bloom Centre; was born in Bavaria, lS'i3, and came to Peiuisylvania in ]S4.'i: he mair.ied there in 184S, aiui moved to Ohio in 1852; in 1857 he purchased and moved to the land where his store now stands, and started the village of Bloom Centre, and has sinc(! been conducting a variety store. He has been Postmaster for ten years, to the satisfaction of all. They have been blessed with twelve chil- dren, of whom ten are now living. He owns 100 acres of fine land, and is one of the wide- awake, enter|ii ising men of l^ogan Co. He has always been a Democrat, but believes in vot- ing for the best men; he diil not go to the war, b it furnished a substitute which cost him * 1,000. NAXCV HIBER, farmer; P. O., Bloom C'entre; was born Dec. 7, 1818, in the State of Kentucky, ami was a daughter of Thonuis .Makeinson. She was married to ('apt. Man- a.sas Huber, Nov. 23, 1837. Capt. Huber was born Aug. 10, 180G, in the State of Ken- tucky. Soon after, they moved to Bloomfield Tp., and settled on the- banks of tin- .Miami River, where Mrs. Huber still lives. .Mi. f- BLOO:\rFIELD TOWNSHIP. 731 Huber was a descendant of some of the best blood ol the old Revolutionary period, and for several years he was the popular Captain of the Logan Co. Light Horse Company, of Ohio State ililitia. By industry, economy, anil a good, clear head, he accumulated con- siderable of this world's goods, leaving at his death over 700 acres of good land. Their house was for many years the " meeting house " of the neighborhood, and has always been considered the " Methodist Preachers' Home." Mr. and Mrs. Huber were among the first members of the Methodist Church in this county. They have been blessed with ten children — Marion, born Oct. 4, 1838, died Aug. 27, 1839; Elizabeth, born April U, 1840; Allen, Sept. 14, 1841; Margaret, .July 1.5, 1843; Thomas W., April ■>■], 184(i, died Nov. 11, 1848; Sarah, now the wife of Noah Mil- ler, Esq., born .June 7, 1848; Isaiah, .June 34, 1850; John W., May 30, 1852, died Oct. 0, 1856; Tiry A., born"Dec. 13, 1854; Elsev L., Feb. 2, 18.57. Capt. Huber died Jan. 31, 1872. Tiry A. is now the popular Town Clerk of liloomfield Tp. The Huber brothers are stock dealers, and have a splendid reputation for dealing on the square, and as business men they stand high. ELIZA E. REARDON, Bloorn Centre; was born in Virginia May 5, 1807; she was a daughter of William .Jeffries, and was mar- ried to Michael Reardon ( who was born in Pennsylvania, July 20, 1804), in Fairfield Co., O., in 1827. They came to Logan Co., and settled in Bloomfield Tp., in 1843. They had ten children — George, who died April 12, 1874; Michael, John, who died at New Or- leans, Mav 25, 1804; was a soldier of the 96th O. V. I.; "William P., John L, R chard H., Nelson I., May J., wife of Isaac Harker, of this county; Loretta, wife of William Young, Esq., of Shelby Co., O., and Sarah E., wife of A. B. Young, with whom Mrs. Reardon is now living. Mr. Reardon died Feb. 20, 1874. Mrs. Reardon has been for a number of years a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. DR. GEORGE M. SHAFER, physician; Bloom Center; was born Sept. 5, 1834, at Centerville, Montgomery ( 'o., O. He was the son of Henry Shafer, of I'ientucky, and Amy (Benham) Shafer, of ( )hio. They were amongst the early settlers of this State. IJr. Shafer was educated at Lebanon, O., in 1857-58, en- listed as a private soldier early in 1801, and 1 was a member of the renowned body-guard J of Gen. Fremont, in Missouri. He was de- tailed as hospital Steward, in the fall of 1801. In 1802, he was appointed hospital Steward in the regular array, and was soon promoted to Assistant Surgeon in the regular service, which jiosition he held until the fall of 1800; he was stationed for two yeare at the Govern- ment Hospital, at Natchez, Miss. He came to Bloom Centre, in December, 1800; and commenced the practice of medicine, and with that also is the proprietor of a general drug and country store. On the 13th of August, he married Miss Mary L., daughter of AndrriW Hall)()tli, of Bloom Centre. They have four children — Florence M., born Dec. 1, 18t>8; Minnie M., Nov. 15, 1870; Frank M., Oct. 20, 1872; Benjamin Earl, July 13, 1878. His wife was born Feb. 21, 1851. Dr. Shafer, is a member of Lodge No. 021, I. O. O. F., is a strong Democrat, and a good, usefid citizen. J. M. SMITH, farmer; P. O., Bloom Centre; was born Nov. 13, 1827, in Franklin Co., ().; was a son of Jacob and Christina (Hall) Smith, of Pennsylvania. They emigrated to Ohio in 1808. Mr. Jacob Smith was a soldier of 1812, and his father a soldier of the Revo- lution. Mr. Smith had seven brothers and five sisters, who all lived to leave families of their own. At an election in 1804 there were eight brothers, five brothers-in-iaw, and five grandsons, who voted the Democratic ticket. J. M. Smith was nuirried to Miss Elizabeth Smith, .Jan. 22, 1852. They have nine chil- dren — Frank P.; Amy, wife of Dr. O. C. Wilson, of Bloom Centre; Elizabeth A.; Uri N.; Jacob W.; Lyman S.; Olive R.; John?], and Hermann E. He owns 440 acres of good land, and belongs to Grange No. 484; also to the Reformed Church at Bloom Centre. He is a strong Democrat, and one of the lead- ing men of Logan Co. T. J. SPEELMAN, farmer; P. O., Bloom Centre; was born in Champaign Co.. O., .Ian. 3. 1839; son of Thomas and Elizalx'th (Swisher) Speebuan. Mr. S. (the father) was born in Maryland, and .Mrs. Spc^ehnan in Clark Co., O. The subject of this sketch came to Logan Co. in 1858, and improved his present home, consisting of 150 acres of good land. He was a member of the 132iid O. V. 1., and was with the army untler Gen. Butler at 732 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Pt'tiTsljurg, in 18C4, hut was mustered out in ihi- full of the same year. He was married to Miss Marv E., daughter of John Makc'nson, iA' this county. They liave been blessed with two chil(h-eii — Ida Bell and Aldo Klhert. His grandfatlier Swisher was a soldic^r in the war of ])Sr^. H" is a Republican in politics. W. H. STliAYKlf, lariuer; 131oom Centre; was born in Berkeley Co., Va., Sept. 3, 1828; son of .John and Rachel Strayer, who moved to Ohio and settled in ('laik Co., in 1829, where the sul)je'jt of our sketch pissed his boyhood; in 1858, he went to Iowa, but not likiny: the western coiuitry, came back in a short time anil settled in Ohio; he was united in marriaa-e to Miss Priscilla Ray, of I^oiran Co., Sept. 4, ISOO; they had Tom- children — Mitniie .M., .lames W., who died in 18G4, Nannie 0. and Grai-c Kstidle; Mrs. Strayer died in DeGrafV,0.. Feb. 1, 18;i;; .Mr. Slrayer owns 1(1.1 acres of the best land in Bloonitielil Tp.; he is a nieml)er of \)o GratV I .(>(i>;e, No. i;!2. A., F. & A. M. CKORGF SWICKARI), farmer; P. O., Bloom Centre ; was born in Pernisylvania, Feb. 14, 1811; came to Ohio and "settled in Franklin Co., 182o, and again moved to .IcfVerson Co. Ohio; was mariied to Miss Phebe Bavighinan, of Franklin Co., Oct. 7, 1h:57 ; moved to this township in 1837 where thev have since resided ; have been blessed with ti-n children, viz : Clinton W.; Eliza- beth, wife of A. Snyder, Esf|., of Shelby Co., Ohio ; Davis, living at Greenup. 111. ; Moraan, living at Cottonwood, II'. ; Polly, Laura A., wife of Dr. Rodoers, of Shelby Co., Ohio ; George A. and Lincoln II.. twf> children, died in infancy. Davis and .Morgan were mem- bers of the I'nited States .\riny during the late war. .Mr. Swickanl has boiight and im- proved a large farm, has raised a splendid family and has never Ixdonged to anj- of the secret societies or churches ; is a Republican in ))olitics and is an honest, conscientious, good citizen. GEOIUiE TROIT, farmer; P.O.. Bh.om (/cnlre; is a son of .-Mexander and .Margaret Trout, who moved from I.ii'king Co., Ky., and settled in W'iishington Tp., Logan Co., in 1S4(). The sid)ject of this skt-tch was born Sept. 27, 1H'.*7. in Virginia. He was married to .Miss .Mary C., a ilaughter of Philip and Lnoy Hoy. of Bloonilield Tp. Mr. Hoy set- tled and improved the ]dace now occupied l>y Mr. Trout, in l.s:i2, and died in 1858. .Mrs. Hoy is living' in Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Trout have four children — N'irginia. Rosetta, Henry Grant and Cornelius. .\Ir. Trout was elected Town TreasuriM-. b\it was robbed of §580, and then gave up the othce, but has lieen unani- mously elected Trustee at every election since 1871. He owns 152 acres of well im|)roved land, is a member of the German Reformed Church, anil is Democratic in politics. .JOHN WAGONER, .lustice of the Peace; Bloom Centre ; was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 181!), was reared upon a farm and was married in 1S40 to iliss Margaret Slough, of Fairfield Co., Ohio. They have had four children, three of whom died in infancy ; the only surviving one is now the wife of .lolm H. Nothstine, of Kansas. Mrs. Wagitner died in 1852, in Fairfield Co. In 1851) Mr. Wagoner came to Blooinfield Tj). and married Mary Coover, of Logan Co.; sinc<', he has been engaged in farming ; he has been elected .Justice of the Peace for four terms and gives entire satisfaction to all parties ; he has been Town Trustee two years. Mr. and Mrs. Wagoner are members of the Gernnin Reformed Society, and he is a member of Grange No. 484; he is a Dem- ocrat. .JOSEPH .I.WRIGIIT, farmer; P. O., Bloom Centre; was i)orn in Stokes T])., Loaan Co., O., March 17, 1839; son of H. and Polly (Pence) Wright. .Joseph's father, was born in Fairfield Co., O., and settled in Stokes T))., Logan Co., 1835, where .losejih was raised. .Jose|)h enlisteil in the 13th I'nited States Infantry ((Jen. W. T. Sln'rman's Reginu'tit) and after serving his term in that Ri'ginient enlisted in tile 9l'ith O. V. I., and served three years; he was never absent from a roll-call, never was in an ambulance, or was he evi-r excusi'd from iliity wdiile in the servic<-, and was with his regiment all the time, except fifty- two days, whi(di time he was a prisoner of war, captureil at (irand Coteau, La., Nov. 3, 1803, and was released the 25th of DecembiT, 18{i3: was honorably discharged at the exjiiration of his term of enlistment, on (he 1st of March, 180(5. He was married to .Miss Clara L. Hoover, of this township, and settled on the farm he now owns, containing 120 acres. They have three childri-n — I'^ttie .M., Frank E. and Abbie F. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 733 He is a Republican, and is a member of Lodge No. -i'J-Z, A., F. & A. M., at De Graff, Ohio; he has been Master and is now Secretary of Grange No. 484. The hall of his society is built on his farm. He had six brothers — John I., William W., Martin M. (a member of the 9tjth O. V. I.), David W., Horatio S., Andrew N. and one sister, Sarah J. His father died in IS.jlJ; his mother is now tiie wife of William. Herndon, Esq., of this county. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. APT. THOM.VS AXTEl.L, Superintond- I of Reservoir; Huntsville; was born in Washington Co., Penn., April (J, 1812; was tile son of Lincoln A.xtell, who moved to Ohio in 1810, and scttlctl in Martinsburg, Knox Co. Capt. A.xtell was married to Miss Mary .Jnle in ISIJl. They have five children — Sarah, married to Will Breese; .Julie, married to G. IJrecse; .John, married Miss Abbe .J. Cherry; Sarri'tta .Jane, living at home. Capt. Axtell was among the many men who volunteered to put down the rebellion, and joined Co. D, I IStli O. V. I., and was promoted First Ijieu- tenant of his company, and served until he was disabled and discharged. He has been at work for the State as Superintendent of the Miami Reservoir since 1864. He is a pleasant and hospitable gentleman of the old school; is a Democrat in principle, and fond of a irood race-horse. Wn.LlAM BRUNSON, farmer; P. O., Lewistown. Among the many wide-awake and enterprising farmers of Logan Co., Mr. Brun- son ranks A. 1; he was born in I-ieiituckj', Dec. 2, 182'2; son of .John Brnnson and Eliza- beth (Ellis). John Brunson was in this county during the Indian war of 1812, and, after peace was declared, moved to the county in 1823, where the subject of this sketch was raised; he has lived in the county fifty-seven years, and remembers when the old Long's Mill was built, and says it ground so slow that the dogs would bark at the meal as it came out; he was married in 1847 to Miss Madge, daughter of .Michael Ivearns, one of the first settlers of this county. They have been blessed with the following children — John ,J., George W., Jonathan L., Louisa J., Frank M., Mary Rosetta, Will C, J^eonidas and ^lilton R. are living; Hannah E. and Sarah died in infancy. He owns 212 acres of good land, all well improved, and has lived in ^Vashington Tp. twenty-seven years; he belongs to the Christian (.'hurcli, and has been a representative to the General Conference for twenty years; he is Republican in jioli- tics. THE CHERRY FAMILY. The ancestry of this pioneer family cannot be correctly traced farther back than Abraham Cherry, who was born of German parents, in North- umberland Co., Penn., in 1763, and died in 1852, at the ripe old age of 89, having lived nearly a score of years more than is allot ed to man. In 1804 Mr. Cherry, who was natur- ally ambitious and possessed of many of the qualities which were necessary to make a suc- cessful pioneer, determined to join in the rush to Ohio. Accorilingly, everything was sold, and the family removed to the present site of Springfield, which, at that time, contained a small number of inhabitants. When he ar- rived, pork was selling at ^1 per cwt., and salt at §5 per liushel or 10 cents per poutid; nearly all business was transacted through a system of traffic. In 1833, after an extended western tour, he returned just as the sale of the land in the Indian lieservation around Lewistown was about to take place. He set out immediately for Logan Co., selected and bought a portion of the land now owned by his son Amos, and was the first white; settler on the Reservation. The removal of a familv from Springfield was a very difficult task, for, instead of railroads and broad, level turn- pikes, there was scarcely anj'thing but narrow wagon tracks through the woods, and that part of the road lying between McPherson's and the Cherry farm had never been traversi'd by teams. Three wearisome days were s|ient in making long, circuitous routes around im- passable swamps, and in bridging those that 734 BIOGRA ri 1 1( A L SK KTCI 1 K8. could not be avoided before their wilderness home was readied. As tlicy arrived in the early part of winter, many privations were to be endured. They were alone in the midst of a j)ritneval forest, in which the track of the departcci Indian was yet ])lainly visihU^. Of course, there were no schools or chur. This was a severe loss, as the w(X)l was depended ujion for clothing the entire family, being carded, spun and woven by the wife and daughters. Amos Cherry, the subject of tliis sketch, was born in Clarke Co., <)., Sept. 21, 1820, ami removed with liis father, in 1833, to Logan Co. When he ar- rived at the age of manhood, he connncnc'ed the struggle of life for himself, being pos- sesseil of many sterling (|ualilies, among which were honesty, iminstry and sobriety. lie was naturally successfid in business enter- prises, enabling him to add many more acres to the home larm. which sid)si'(piently fell into his hands, having ifought the interi'st of the other heirs. .Mr. Cherry is now the owner of nearly a section of goinl iami, most of which is in excellent condition, and is com- ])osed of four farms. He is oin- of the most en- teqjrising and respected citizi-ns, as has been repeatedly attested bv the fact that he has been elected t > various fitlices of the Township, and is at present filling the office of Land .Apprais- er. Although he is not connected with any church, he is a conscientious, moral man, ever ready to help those who are in need, and is extremely compassionate toward 1,liose whom adversity has overtaken, and find him their creditor, having lost several hundred ilolhus at one time, which he could easily have ob- tained, but refused to ilo so, because it would have worked injury to the debtor, who had a large family to support. A gentlenum who has been somewhat financially embarrassed was recently heard to remark that '"he had owed Mr. Cherry for over ten years, and had never been askinl for the money." He was marrieil in \>>ii to Klizabeth Smith, with whom he is now living, and has a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom are now living, and all but one have reached the age of maturity. .1. n. CURL, farmer; P. ()., Lewistown; was born in Chaui|iaii>;n Co., (.)liio, in IS:!;!; was the son of .lohn Curl, who, with his father, AVilliam Cml, moyi>d to Ohio in 1804, and settled in Champaign Co. ^^'illiam Curl wa • one of the Revolntioiuuy soldiers, and his son. .lohn Curl, was a soldier of 181"2, and .1. 15. Curl also enlisted in the late war as |)ri\at • in Co. K, l:i"^d O. ^'. I. He was marrieil lo Miss .Martha .\. Hannnond in 18,")4; they ha\e five sons — Lewis H., Heid)en ( )., AVillir.m .\.. Willjur \y. and Avery 15. They i ame to this county in 185.% and settled anil improved the ])lace they now o\vii, so that from a wilderiu'ss it is like a paradise. He owns 100 acres of good land, well improved. He is a Kcpiib- lican, and both he and his excellent lady are members of the .Methodist Episcopal Church. THO.M.-VS DOWNS, farmer; P.O., Lewis- town; was liiirn in Champaign Co., O., Oct. 18, 182T; was the son of ('apt. Dar.iel Downs ami .Mary (Fit/palrlck) Downs, who came from Delaware to ()liio in ISliC), Riid setthd in Cham|iaig'n Co. ("apt. Down; was cuin- missioned Captain of a CompaiiV, and led them all through the war of 1812, after which he again went back to his former avocation — that of farming — and in |8:!:i moved to ^^'asllington Tp., ami entered the land now owned by his son, where he livid till 1800. -Mrs. Downs dii'd 1848. Thomas 1, 'owns spent his boyhood days here, and has often seen the deer runidng through the woods, thirty or forty in one drove; at the breaking out of the late war, he left his farm and enlisted in Co. '^ 'f AVASHIXGTON TOWNSHIP. F., 1 lOth O. V. I., and was with the army at the time of the great surrender at Apj)omattox; was married in 1853, to Miss Eliza MeFar- land, of Hardin Co., O. Thev have four chihlren— JIary R., W. H., AliJe A., Eliza- beth E. ilr. and Mrs. Downs are both mem- bers of the Methoilist Episcopal Church. GEORGE FUSOX. farmer; P. O.. Hunts- ville; was born in Champai^'n Co., Ohio, Sept. 11, 1818; was the eldest son of Isaiah Fusou and Elizabeth Cummins Fuson, who came from Virginia to Ohio at an early day, and settled in Champaign Co., where Mr. Fuson was a county officer for twenty-one years. He died in July, ISIil. George Fuson and Miss Virginia Shl^■le, of Virginia, were married May 14, l.s4(). 'i'o them have been born twelve children — Martha, .James M., David, Xancv, Ennna, Ada F., Minnie F., Marv J., died '.Inly '-l-i, 1SU2; Sarah E., Jan. 4, 1864; Daniel, Jan. 4, 1804; George E., Sept. 22, 1870; Edgei)ert, Dec. 29, 1870. Mr. Fuson came to this township in the fall of 1850, and settled, and has im|>roved the place, and now has as good buildings as any in the township; his farm consists of 208 acres of good and well-improved land, which he has bought and paid for by his own work and good management. Coming here with only $300, he has paid for his farm, edu- cated his children, never sued any one, nor has he ever been sued, or even dunned. He was one of the Trustees for Washington Tp. for fifteen years; has always voted the Re- publican ticket since the organization of the party. Mr. and Mrs. Fuson are members of the Evangelical Association since 1852. HEXRV HANFORD, farmer, late of Wash- ingtonT])., was born Dec. 22, 1784, at X'ew Canaan, State of Connecticut; emigrated to Hamilton Co., O., in 1806 ; made his home with his brother, Thaddeus Hanford, who had preceded him to the then new country, and settled at Columbia, on the Ohio river, the site of Cincinnati, and while living at Columbia he was engaged in running a provision boat from Columbia to Natchez. In 1810 he mar- ried Miss Harriet Chamberlin, daughter of Judah Chamberlin, who had come out to the new countrj' some j'ears previously from Chatauqua Co., N. Y., and settled at Mari- etta, Ohio. She was born July 18, 1791. After their marriage in 1812, he and his father- in-law, with their families, moved to what was then Champaign C\)., now Clarke Co., O.; set- tled on Congress land five miles east of Springfield, where thev continued to reside until the Indians disposed of their reservation on the Miami river, in Logan Co., Ohio. Mr. Hanford then sold his farm ia Clarke Co., and purchased a large tract of land at the govern- ment sales at Wapakann(>tta, a part of which is now owned by his youngest child, Lottie (Hanford) McKinnon — the homestead — and where Mr. Hanford lived until after the death of his estimable wife, which occurred on the 27th of November, 1865, aged 74 years 4 months and 9 days, after which Mr. H. spent nnich of his time visiting among his children, and finallv died at the house of his son-in-law, Robert Newell, at Lebanon, Inrofessional politi- cian. He was an "Abolitionist" when the name was odious, and continued to battle against negro slavery till it was abolished. Then he was conservative, desiring peace be, twecn the sections, and was in favor of the most liberal terms to those who had rebelled against the government. His jjoMtics consist- ed only in a desire to see the negro free, and when that was accomplished he said, " There was nothing more in politics worth contend- ing, save the loaves and fishes," for which he cared nothing. J. C. KAYLOR, farmer; P. O., Hnntsvillo; was born Doc. 1, 1842, in Logan Co., Ohio. His father. John Ivaylor, came to this couiitv from Virginia in 1823, and settled in Harr-i- son Tp. His mother was Miss Kesiah Tracy of this county. J. C. Kavlor s])ent his liov- hood in this county and married Miss Adeline Baughman, also of this county, Nov. 25, 1869; they have three chililren. Mr. Kaylor owns 72 acres of land, and is one of the best farmers in this township. He is a successful breeder of horses being the owner of a French Percheron ; he was a member of Co. C, 132d Ohio Vol. and went with that regi- ment to Petersburg, Norfolk and other points in Virginia; he has been a Republican from his boyhood, having cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in lS(i4. ABRAHAM KEARXS, farmer; P. O., Huntsville; was born in IJckingCo., O., 1832, f * k^ 736 mOtiUAl'l I ICAL SKETCHES. and moved with liis paronts to Wasliiiit>ton Tj)., tlie same year. Micliael Keariis, his father, was iiorii in Vir■illia, Aug. S, 1832, and came to Ohio with his parents at an early agi^, and settled in Logan ('o. in 184.1. A. J. Knight and .Miss .Maiy Strickland, daughter t)f (J eorge Strickland (whose hiogra])liy appears in an- other jiart of this work), were marrietl Nov. :), 18.")!!; they have si.\ children — (teorge W., Willian. T., .'^arah K., Laura .M., Eliza G. and I'eari 1.; both of the latter died in infancv. Mr. Knight volunteered at his country's call, and was assigned to Co. E, ]3"^d O. V. I. Is a thorough-going, wide-awake farmer; was reared by a Jackson Democrat, and still sticks to the faith. Mr. and Mrs. Knight are both members of the Evangelical Church, at Hunts- ville. SETH M. URIDE, fannor; P. O., Lewis- town. Among the self-made nun of this townshi]), who have come u]) fimn small be- ginnings, is .Mr. MclJride, who ciime to this county without a dollar, and hired out as a farm hand at *1() per month, al which low wages he wyrki'd for the same man for five years, and from that small beginning has ob- tained a home and a competency after si^veral years of patient iiidustrv. He was born in (,'olumbia Co., ()., .March 27, 182!l. His parents were Samuel and .lane (Funk) Mc- Dride. They emigrateil to Ohio from ^■ir- giniain 181-2, and setth'd in this eouiity, where -Mr. .McHride dii-d, leaving his family withoir. much of this world's goods, owing to his part- ner cheating them out of wliaf had been made by years of toil in the construction of llie Beaver Canal. Seth .MclJride was niariieil March 22, 1855, to Miss Mary J. Plumb, of this tow^nship. They have seven children living. They now own 418 acres of good land, with good houses and barns, and every- thing aiiout his ])reiiiises gives amjile proof of the thrift and enterprise of the owi er. lie left his farm and went, at his country's call, to be a soldier; he joined Co. E, i:52nd O. V. I., and was sent to ^'irginia. Both .Mr. and Mrs. Mc- Hride are members of the Protestant Metho- dist Episcopal Church. He has been a Re- publican in politics since 18,52; at that time his cousin, liev. Ezra McBride, was sent as a missionary fnmi Massachusetts to South Carolina, and for distributing tracts and teach- ing the slaves to read lie was arrested and sent to the Penitentiary, where ho contracted disease, \vhich soon ended his can er. 1)1!. BEN.LAMIN T. .M( KINNON, ].hysi- ciaii and farmer; Lewistown; was born in dark Co., ()., (Jet. 24, 1834; was the voungest sin of .ludge M( Kiiinoii, of Clark Co., ().; moved to Jilodinfield Tp. when a boy, and has spei.t his life in W'ashingtfin and Blooiiifi<'ld 'I'ps.; on the 29th of February, 1800, iie niaiii. .lames B. was married to Miss Elizabeth F. .Miller, Feb. 23, 1S:56, i„ Clarke Co.; thev have had eleven children — Elijah J., died ISfiO; Alfred M., died at Chat- tanooga, Tenn., from the effects of wounds received in battle at Mission Ridge; was a member of the 1st O. V. I.; .lulia, MaryC, .lohn T., Austin (died in infancy], Elizabeth, James (died in infancy), Frances, William M., Irene; .lohn T. was in the army a member of 13"2nd (). I.; he has held the otEees of Treas- urer, Cierk and Justice of the Peace for several years, and was the first assessor of Washington Tp., and has assessed the town- shi]) oftener than anyone else, and to the sat- isfaction of the entire jieople; he owns U)l acres of highly improved land; he has been a stalwart Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Mc- Kinnon are meml)ers of the Protestant Meth- odist Episcopal Church. N(JAH MILLER, farmer; P. O., Lewistown, Among the many enterprising men of Logan Co. is Mr. Noah Miller, who was horn in 1844, in Logan Co., O., and spent his boy- hood in farming. For five years he lived in Bellefontaine, clerking in one store, and then went to Cincinnati, where for one year he fol- lowed the business of a clerk, and tlien for three years, the same occupation in Indianapolis, Ind., hut not being satisfied with working for others, he decided to go into business for him- self. So he started a country store at Bloom Centre, when he sold out and moved to Lew- istown, where he kept '' the store "' and post- office for eight years, when he sold out in order to improve his farms, of which he owns two as good ones as there are in the State. He has over 2,000 yards of tiles on his farms, and several S])rings that are " never failing." He was married Sept. (J, 1872, to iliss Sarah Huber, of this county, who was born in 1848; they have three children — Cora Estelle, Tiry H., Homer Tennyson. Mr. Miller started out when a boy with the intention of owning a farm of his own, and has already succeeded in realizing his most sanguine expectations. He and his wife are both members of tlu- Pro- testant Methoilist Episcopal Church, of Lewis- town, and are identified with all the charitalde and benevolent enterprises of the community. Is a stalwart Republican in politics. A. JUDSON MONROE, Justice of the Peace; Lewistown; was born, Dec. 0, 1828, in Delaware Co., O., and moved to this county in 1844. Was married to Miss .Martha A. Brown Dec. 22, 1852. They had three! chil- dren— Alferetta, wife of Samuel Patrick; Iso- dora, wife of Frank Wilson. Mrs. .Moiinjc died in January, 18,'')7, ami D.e. (!, 18.")7, he was married to !Miss .^usin ^Vagoner, of this township. They have five children- — Sarah E., died, aged 3 years; .lennie O.; Frank 1)., died aged 12 years; Eva D.; George Etta, died, aged 1 year. Mr. Monroe's grandfather, Leonard Monroe, was a soldier in the Revo- lutionaiy war; his father, L. F. Monroe, was also a soldier in the war of 1812, and he vol- unteered in the lS3d O.V. I., and was wouiuled at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 18(i4, and is now drawing a pension; he has been twice elected .lustice of the Peace, which oHice he now holds. He was Census Enumerator of his township this year; he is a Republican, and belongs to the A., F. & A. M. Lodge, No. 200, Bellefontaine, O. PLUMB BROS., farmers and stock deal- ers; P. O., Lewistown. Among the pioneer families none are better known or more highly respected than the Plumb family. Their father, Jonathan Plumb, was born on Feb. 8, 1808, in Hampshire Co., Va., and moved to this township in .March, 1837. He was married to Miss Sarah A., the daughter of Judge McKinnon, in Clarke Co., O., April T 738 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 2, 1835. Thev were blessed with ten cliilflrcii: Xaiicv J., l)orii Jan. 14, 1836, Kliziibctli, Mflich 20. 1838, John A, July 4, 1840, Kittv. Sjpt. I, 1842, Will H.,.Feb. 18, 184b, Klijah A., Feb. 21, 1848, Isaac, Sept. 24, 18.50, Scott, Nov. 20, 1852, Milton, April 15, 1S55, anil Lewis L., Nov. 21, 1857. Elizabeth married Seth McBride on Mareii 22, 1855, William H. married Louisa Renick, Nov. 1'.), 18(19, and Isaac married Ulara Makeinsoii. .fonathau died on Jan. 11, 1878 ; Mrs. Sarah A. died on Nov. 23, 1873, and Kitty died on June 24, 1853; Lieut, .lohn A. was Uiilcd at Kesaca, Ga., on May 14, 1804. Mr. Phniib coninienced life with a small ca])ital, Init by industry and honesty he accomplished much, leavinjr when he died over 1,200 acres of land to his family. He was a consistent niend)er and one of the leaders of the Methodist Church at Lewistown. Scott is studyin Sarah, daughter of J. A. .Moans, Esq., of this county, hut formerly of Kentucky, and her mother was Catherine Peck, of Virginia. .Mr. and Mrs. Trout have two children— Albert L. and .Milton C. He owns 'i'.i2 acres of the l)est im])roved land in Logan Co., is a .Methodist and has been one of the officers of the townshij) whenever he would accept it. His father, Alexander Trout, was a Ca])tain in the war of 1SP.J. The family have always been Jackson Democrats. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. WILLIAM ARBEGAST, Zanesfield; horn in Berks Co., Penn., Sept. 11., ]8J(J, the sec- ond of a famil}' of six children, born to .lacoh and Christina (Griines) Arbegast. William came out with the family in 183i),who located in Rush Crec>k Tp. ; he remained with his parents until 31 years of age. August :17, 1847, he was married to Sarah Haas, who was born in Berks Co., Penn., Oct. 4, 1820; she is a daughter of John Haas, who was horn May "20, 180(1, and whose wife was Elizabeth Bao-- enstose, and was born in 1803, same county aiul State; they came out in 1839. After William was married, he farmed one year on his father's platte; then moved to the place where he now resides, which is situated about two miles west of Zanesfield, said farm con- sising of 100 acres of land. Mr. Arbegast is one of the enterprising farmers of the town- ship, of which there are many. He is prin- cipally a self-made man, having begun on a very small beginning — oidy -25 acres of land cleared when he came; h^is it now in excel- lent condition, and one of the best barns in his neighborhood. Six children living — Cath- arine, Cornelius, Sylvester, Isaiah, Sarah E. and IVaidv; John and ^^'illiam, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Arbegast are members of the Evan- gelicai Lutheran Church. J.'K. ABRAHA.M, farmer; P. O., Belle- foutaine; was born in Jeft'erson Co., O., April 10, 1816: his parents were William and Elea- nor (Kincaid) Al)raham — he was born in Pennsylvania, she in Virginia; they emigrated to Jefferson Co. in 180(!, returned to Penn- sylvania in 1823, where they live-. 10, 1788; E!i/al)eth, April 18, 1790; Jacob, •March 10, 1792; Abraham, July 5, 1794; John, April 0, 179(i; B^-njamiii, May 10 1797; Marv, June 10, 1798; Rizpah, Julv 22' 1799; Samuel, Oct. 8, 1800; Israel, .Inly 3 1802; Sarah, Nov. 30, 1803; Hannah, Sei)t! 22, 1800; Freeman, Oct. 10, 1807; William, Oct. 4, 1809; Isad, Sept. 18, 1810; Nancy' Nov. 7, 1812; Rachel, Aug. 19, 1814. This venerable couple were married Dec. 7, 1784 and, as related by Mrs. Abraham, the family '1^ A 740 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. were never ; iiis wife .lauo lived until 1873. .\fter four years residence in Indiana, with his parents he came to this county, and the following year was married to Hariiet Brown, who was born Sept. lO, 1821, in Zanes- I (ield, (). She is a daughter of Ilorton ' Brown, who was born in North ('arolina, in j li '.)<;, and married .Margaret Ball's in |S|!) I (mother of .Mrs. .MIeti). She was born in ! York Co., I'eini., in KilS. After their nuir- liage <-anie to Logan Co. antl settled in Zanes- , field and engaged in the caliinet busines.s, I being the first of the kind in the j)lace. She reniuined in the place until 18:j,"), and went to the country with her parent.s. Her father died in 18.)5,in Octobi-r; her mother in BVb- ruary, 1K7L May 25, 1845, she was married to Mr. Allen, and, with the e.\(c|)tion of one j'ear's n^sidence in Indiana, they have lived in this township, farming having been the busi- ness of Mr. Allen's life. Two children have been born to them, which are Caroline, now Mrs. Enoch Taylor, of Preble Co., O., born in 1.S51, and Ida A. born ]8i;(l, now Mr.s. Wil- liam Russi'U, of this township. .Mr. and .Mrs. Allen are mend)ers of the Society of Friends. Her father was for many years a minister of that body. GEORGE 1). ADA.MS, farmer; P. ()., Zanosfield. Born in the .State of .Maine in A])ril, 1830, son of ])arwin and Catharine (Smith) Adams. He was born in October, 1802, in Massachusetts; his wife, Catharine, was born in New Hampshire. George was but a babe wh(;n his parents moved into New Hampshire, wher(> they remained a short time, and located finally in JIassachusetts. George was the eldest of the children, and was 23 years of age when he came west, and engagi'd in the saw-mill business for three years with his uncle, L\ither Sndth. In December, 1.S55, In' was married to Ann E. Brown, who was born .Inly ti, 1834, in this township; daughter of Zaccheus and llatinah Brown. In the sju'ing of 18(ifl, he purchased the farm he now owns, which <-ontains ll'.l| acres. lias two children — .John B.. who was born .March. 1S5; — he is now merchandising in Massachusetts; Mary E. was born in 18(12. Mr. .\(latns anil wife are mendiers of the Presbyterian Church. His father is a minister of the Congrega- tional Church, in Massachusetts, where he and wife now reside. GEORGE ANTRI.M, farmer; \\ O., Belle- foiltaine. .Among the families of this county, who are well known, perhaps there are lunn-. that is more widely known than the Antrim family. The father of our subject is reputed to 111" the first white male chihl born in Ligaii ( '(). I b' « as a brother of .loshua, who was tlir author- of the "Pioneer 1! story" of Logan and Champaign couirties. Dairiel .\ntrirrr Wiis borrt .lune !•, l.S(l4, in Z;rne Tp., ami final- ly luoved to this place in 1832. Here Georg(^ was born Feb. 21, 1838, and was the young- est son anil the fifth child of a fanrily of .seven children. Daniel .Airtrirn dieil ott this farm .\pril 13, 1S7'.I. His wife was Eliza .Ann ."^mith, anil was borit Feb. 14, 1814, in this Stale. She is a daughter of Levi and .lane ^' I>> JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 741 Smith; both of them were natives of Virjyinia. In May, 1807, George was iiuiri'ied to Mari- etta Walton, born Aug. ;J3, 1847, in Coinni- biana Co., O., who is a daughter of Nathan and Eliza Ann (Wickershaui) Walton. By this union three children have Vjeen born to them — Lorena, born July :2(), 18118; Ross, -March 30, 1873; Ethel D., Feb. 18, 1879. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, and an official member of the same, of which he is one of the charter members. His farm of 100 acres is well and favorably located and is highly productive. Has two sisters and one brother living — Leonora, born May 17, 184(5; Caroline, Julv 4, 1831; Wayne, Oct. 10, 1853. JOEL AKBEGAST, farmer; P. O., Bidle- fontaine; was born Dec. 7, 1827, in Berks Co., Penn.; is the youngest son of .lohn and Christine (Grimes) Arbegast; he was a lad not yet in his teens when his ]);nents came West, and reiuained at home until the death of his father, which occnried in 18."j9. At tie age of 11), Joel went to learn the blacksmith's trade, at which he served nearly three j-ears. June 24, 1852, at the age of 23, he was mar- ried to Caroline Antrim, who was born July 4, 1831, in this township; she was a daughter of Daniel Antrim, of whom historv records as being the first white child born in Logan Co. Three children have been born unto them, who are — Henry, born Julv 14, 1S53; Alonzo, April 4, 1855, died Oct. 12, 1857; Jacob W., born May 21, 1857. For several 3-ears after his luarriage, they resided on the home farm, in Iiush Cri-ck Tp.; then moved to Thomas Dickinson's Farm; lived two years; then to Hobert Wood's farm, and bought 103 acres; livpil on tiie same five years. In August, 1SG7, purchased 107 acres, where he now re- sides, which is pleasantly situated u])on an eminence in the north part of the township. DANIEL ARBEGAST, farmer; P. O., New Jerusalem; was born in Berks Co., Pa., July 10, 1818. Son of John and Christina (Grimes) Arbegast. At the age of 18 Daniel went to learn the carpenter's trade. In 1839 he came west to this State, locating in Rush Creek Tp., and engaged at his trade. Sept. 15, 1842, he was married to Lydia Brockerman, who was born in Philadel]")hia, 1S23, and cauie West with heriiarents in 1837. After his marriage, he worked at his trade about two years, then engaged with two others in running a saw-mill, in which busi- ness he was engaged for about seventeeti years, the mill being located in this township; he finally purchased his partner's interest, and run the business on his own account. In 1808 he engaged in farmino;, having pur- chased the farm he now owns several years ])revious. He has 101 acres of land in th's county; by his marriage there liave been born six children, viz: Adam, in Rush Creek Tp.; Catharine, now Mrs. C3aus Leymaster; Al- bert, Eliza Ann, Aaron and Ennna, now Mrs. Oliver Dunlap. Mr. Arbegast and wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and he is among the staunch and highly res])ected citi- zens in the community; his life has been actu- ated and governed by the principles of hon- esty and uprightness. Coming to the country poor, he has earned himself a home and a suf- ficient competence for his declining vears, and has the esteem and confidence of his neigh- bors and friends. He is Democratic in senti- ment. OMAR BROWN, merchant; Zanesfield;is among the staunch business men in the town of Zanesfield. Early in the year of 1804, he began business at this place, under the firm name of Sands, Brown & Co., which partner- ship was of short duration. The longest part- nership association was known as O. Biown & Co., continuing until 1879. Since that time he has been conducting the business himself. His honest dealings with his numerous ])a- trons have secured for him a thriving and prosperous trade. On June 3, 1843, near the little town of Jerusalem he was born. His parents were Asa and Hanimh (Sands) Brown, Asa being born near ]Mt. Pleasant, in Jefter- son Co., this State, .lune 3, 1809, and was nine years of age when he emigrated to this coun- ty with his father, Aaron Brown, who was a native of North Carolina, and settled in Mar- mon valley, this township, where he remained until his death, and was one of the county's valued citizens and pioneers. Omar was a constant member of the household until he was sixteen years of age, at which time he entered Antioch College, attending two years, and after a two year's course at Union Col- lege at Schenectady, N. Y., on account of poor health, was compelled to abandon his school before graduation. During the fall of 1804 he was married to Olive Ingham, who w ^ J- k. 742 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. was born in diniii|);iire attain- ing his majority, was engaged for a time as clerk, which vocation j)resented sufficient attiactiou for him to induce him to engage in the busint^s as a partner, the firm assvnniug the name of Brown (Jt Bro., which ])artncrship lasted two years. December, 18(J3, he enlisted in Co. il, 128th O. V. I., which was stationed at •Johnson's Island, and continued with this command until the termination of the war. Soon after his return home, engaged in the dry goods business, under the firm name of O. Brown & Co., which association lasted \in- til .January, 1879; since that, has not been actively engaged in business, yet is ineliroctly associated with, and carrying on some manu- facturing interests in the town in which his capital is being employed. Having ample means, he is living at his ease and in com- l)arative retirement. I{csiiece of land be- fore the survey was made; he was anujiig the first settlers in that locality; the neighbors 11^ -l^ JEFF]i;RSON TOWNSHIP. 743 were " (p.w and far between." He came there ])oor; tlie fiist year he made 1,600 pounds of maple sugar, and the fifth year had several acres cleared and raised 200 bushels ol castor beans, for which he realized $1.35 per bushel; this enabled him to pay for his first purcliase, and to add another 80 to Ills original 80 acres. Abram was not favored with I'ood school advantages, the nearest school building being four mdes away, yet he was schooled to hard labor, and early in life learned the value of a dollar; his father died May 2(), 1843, and mother sixteen years later. Abram did not leave home until he was in his "^Oth year; about this time he was married to Elizabeth Fenton, born 1820 in Ohio, she dying fourteen months after the marri;ige, leaving him one child. Miles V. Blackburn; was married to his present wife, Lydia Brady, who was born in 1824, in Muskingam Co., and by her had four children — Celestia, Thomas, Cyrus D. and .John. In 18,52 moved to Union Co., O., and to this county and township in 1865, where he has since lived, and is among its valued citizens. He has been a mendier of tiie Protestant Methodist Church since he was 22 years of age; is a true Republican in principle, and a man of soiuid judgment and ripe experience in business matters; has a good farm of 140 acres, the result of his lal)or and industry. FRP:r)EKlCK BRIX8ER, farmer; P. O., New .lerusalem; was Ixirn May 30, 1827, in Hau])hin Co., Penn. There were eleven chil- dren in the family, he being the " middle man " (sixth in order). His parents were Christian and Mary (Waggoner) Brinser. Frederick emigrated to this State in 1840, he being a lad of thirteen. His father located first in Zanesfiehl, and, alter a resid(Mice of two years, the family moved to the place now owned by Frederick, located three-fourths of a mile west, on the .lerusalem pike, purchasing- the land of Lanson Curtis. Frederick was inclined to farming, and at the age of 22 he engaged in this business, renting land on the homestead — his sister keejjing house. Con- tinuing in this way until .Tune 23, 185.3, he then made an exchange of housekeepers bv marrying Nancy Easton, who was born in this tf)wnship. She is a daughter of .lohn and Char- lotte Easton. Since 1842 Mr. Brinser has been a constant resident of the place; has a good farm of 144 acres of land. Three children — Lottie, born Sept. 4, 1855, now the wife of El- mer Elliot — they reside in Perry Township; William, born Ajjril 19, 1857, and Alvaretta, May 10, 18()2 — are all the members of the family. During the existence of the Whig- party he voted with them; is now Repub- lican. EZRA I3R0WN, farmer and stock-raiser; P. ()., Zanes^field; is the eldest of two children born to Ira and Rebecca (Rca) Brown. Ira Brown was a native of Ohio; his father, Aaron, was a native of North Carolina and was twice married — first to Mary Howard, by whom he had three children, Init one (Horton) living to maturity; the seeond marriage was to Annie Stanton by whom there were eleven children. Aaron Brown came to Ohio in IS02, and to Logan Co. in 1818; he was a mem- ber of the Society of Friends, and was a well known and highly respected gentleman; he died in the fall of I84(i. Ira Brown was born Dec. 37, 1806, and his wife, Rebecca, was born Jan. 2, 1800. She was a native of Vir- ginia. They were married April 28. 1830, near Zanesfield, whither they came with their ])ar- ents when young. After the marriag" he farmed his father's farm for three years when he was taken sick and remained in ill health until his death, some two years later, he dying .June 1, 1834; by the marriage th'^-e were two children, viz., Ezra and Elizabetli. The former was taken into his grandfather's family where he grew up. Elizabeth remained with her mother until her death, Oct. 7, 1840, aged 7 years, 9 months and 24 days. Mrs. Brown remained a widow 12 years; .May 21, 1845, she married Mr. P^noch M. Scott, a native of Ohio, born Feb. 28, 1810. After the mar- riage they settled on a farm in Rush Creek Tp., where they resided for 25 years; they then moved to .feft'erson Tp., where she now resides. July 20, 1880, Mr. Scott was in- jured by a runaway team, and died the 22(1 following. Of the two children born to this marriage one is living, viz., Mrs. Mary Ann Henry, residing near Zanesfield. Ezra Brown was born April 3(1, 1831, in .left'erson Tp., Lo- gan Co., O. At the age of 22, April 17, 1853, he married Miss Rachel, daughter of John and Sarah A. (Taylor) Outland. After the marriage Mr. Brown farmed his grandfather's farm for two seasons, he then moved to his 'Ai 744 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCIIKS. father's place, located nortlioast of Zanesfield, and fanned there for fouryears. In 1858 he Ijoui^lit his present place, which he occupied in ]8.!)!i, and has rosideil here since; he has 127 acres located "'^ miles east of Zanestield. By the marriajre there were three children, viz.. Charley F.. l)orii Feb. 22, 18.50, ilied Sept. 22, 18U:J; Frank S. born Sept. 20, 1801. died Sept. 21, 1803; and Cora K., liorii Oct. :il, 1804. GEORGE .M. COOK, farmer; P. O., Belle- fontame; whose name heads these lines, was a son of William Cook, who was horn in Wash- ington Co., Penn., Aufjust, 1799; his father, Georije Cook, was horn in Ireland. From Pennsylvania he came west to Kentucky,where lie was married to .Jane Rohb, of Lewis Co., Ky., Feb. 22, 1827, who was a daughter of Robert and Susan (Gray) Robb, who were natives of Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Kentucky at an early day. .\fter the mar- riage of Mr. Cook, he and wife wended their way to Gu(>rnsey Co., O., where they nnnained until l.'^-il, when he moved to Loaan Co., lo- cating in liellefontaine, where he followed his trade (carpenter's) until I84II, when he moved to the place occupied by the remnant of the family and jturchased a farm, which was at that time covered with a growth of tindjer; this he cleared up, ami what appears to the eye of the passer-by of to-day in the way of im- provements was of his own work and arrange- ment. J le died Feb. 8, 1870, mourned by his family and many friends. He was of a quiet and unobtrusive disposition, conscientious and scrui)ulf)usly just in' all his dealings, in- dustrious and attentive to his own concc;rns, and by his daily walk in life gave evidence of his faith in the atoning merits of his .Master, of whom he was a faithful follower, lieing for many yi-ars a mendier of the Presbyterian Church. Mis wiL, James F. and Curtis .\. Is a hard-working and painstaking farmer, and is making a success. The Crouso family are all Detnocrats. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. PATRICK CRONLEV, farmer: P. O., ZanesfieUl; is a native of the P^mcrald Isle, born on St. Patrick's Day, 1811, in Dublin Co.; son of Patrick and Catharine (Harman) Cronley; the family emigrated to America about the year 1827, when our subject was a lad of 1.5, and located in Massachusetts and engaged in farming. After attaining his ma- jority, Patrick started for himself — worked out by the month for several years. In the spring of 183.5, he was united by wedlock to Ellen Temple, daughter of .loseph Tem|ile, who w:is born in Ohio about the year 1824. In 184n, lie inoveil to Hardin Co., this State, and ])urcliased 80 acre's of improved land in Hale Tp., and subsequently moved to Logan Co., where he purchased 70 acres in Hadley bottom, .Jefferson Tp, where he now resides, having a family of three children — I'atrick, horn .May 5, 1801, Jacob, Oct. 17, 1803, Es- ther, .May 30, 1807. Nestled in the quiet valley, he lives (pliet and contented, taking lite and its events as they occin- as matters of fact, not allowing himself to be disturbed bj' the petty annoyances which to some are so vexatious, being satisfied with his comforta- ble home and its romantic snrroundiniis; is living a lifi' of retirement, and is in the en- joymi'iit of life's coinmon blessings, and is really the i>attern of a contented and happy personagi!; Democratic in his sentiments, yet is not partisan; is an e.vcellent neighbor and a respected citi/.eii. (;E( )RGE CORWIN, farmer; P. O., Zanes- field; is a native of Loijan ( 'o.; was born Aug. 12. 181.5, in Monroe Tp. There were eight children in the family, he being the fourth that was born to his parents, Phineas and r JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 745 Magdalene (Dovenbarger) Corvvin. Phineas was a native of New York; his wife of Vir- ginia. Pliineas was of a niechauical turn of mind, and iti the early times used to manufac- ture wooden mold-hoards for farmers' use. He died the year of the great " wind fall." George then remained with his mother until he was 23 years of age. April 17, 1838, he was married to Margaret Dickinson, who was born in November, 1817, in Monroe Tp., daughter of Thomas and Maria (Lowe) Dick- inson, who were among the first settlers. Alter Georjre was married, he located on the survey where he now lives; he first took a lease of some land, which he farmed. In ISH he made a trip to Andrew Co., Mo.; stayed a short time; the country not suiting him, he returned, and located on the Ruddy farm. In 18.i7 he located on the head of Nettle Run, where he purchased (15 acres at ^10, which was " all vroods " and a vast swamp, and " would have mired a snipe," as he termed it. He had but $10 to begin housekeepinop with. Building lifm a rude cabin, he and wife be- gan work in earnest. He now has 161 acres of the choicest land in the county. What was once thouglit perfectly worthless is now the most valuable. Fourteen children have been born to him, nine of them living — Phillip, in Rush Creek; Ann M., now Mrs. F. R. Wren; Eliza J., Mrs. Thos. Chamberlain; Levi L.; Emma, Mrs. .1. Bovvers; Ettie, Mrs. .Ino. Sut- ton, of Har:lin Co.; Saybert A.; Martha, Mrs. Sutton, and Thomas Zaccheus. During all his travels Mr. Corwin has never been sued, and he has sued but one man, who owed him for eight years. 'lewis CROUSE, farmer; P. O., Zanes- field; Bora in Dauphin Co., Pa., Dec. 27, 1810; is the second child bj' his father's sec- ond maniage; his parents were Joseph and Mary Magdalene (Arieon) Grouse. She was l)orn Oct. 1, 1792, and was a daughter of George and Elizabeth Arieon. The family emigrated to this State in 1835, and located west of Bcllefontaine, in Harrison Tp.; in 1840 came to Lake Tp., and lived one year, then came to .Teti'erson and settled on" the farm where Phillip now lives; here they spent the reniainorn March 7. 1.S4."), at Brc-ntor, Devon- shire, Euiihiiul; liis parents, William and Ciiarlotte Cpram, were united in marriage Fell. 13, 1.^4(1. Ten children were liorn unto them — si.x boys aiul four girls, .lohn .1. being the third child in order. The father of our subject was the eldest son of William Coram, Sr., and Grace Coram, w/'e Ash, and were born in \7'->-) and I7!>!l, respectively, and married in ISKJ. Charlotte C, the mother of .lohn .r., was the fourth dauirhterof William and.fonnna (.Mitchell) Ghuiliekl, and were born in J7iS8 ami ITS!), and married in lfS()8; the grand- ])arents of .John .]. were all of J)evonshire, England, and were of old English stock of the country gentry class. The father of John .1. was for ten years employed as Sergeant and Ins|)ector of the South Devon Railway CrjMipany, l)ut, lieing given lo sporting, he wasted the greater portion of the jjaterrud estate, and suliseipiently emigrated to Canada, in 1850, from I'lyfnouth, laniying his earnings as a payment upon 75 acres which he had purchased in Hush Creek Tp., which was nearly all iinimjiroved. Jan. ".il, ISliS, he was iniirried to Mary Ann ('orwin, who is n native of .Monroe Tp., where she was born Feb. 5, 1820, on the banks of tlu? Mai'kachack. Locating on his land after marriage, he re- maineil until 1841, when he moved to the place he now owns, stayed one year, and re- moved to Andrew Co., Mo., where he engaged in farming and stock-raising for six years, and returned to this county. The following spring, purchased l!)(i acres of land in Bokes Creek Tp., where he moved and soon added 50(1 acres to his first purchase, where he farm- ed, raised stock and run a saw-mill until 18(iO, JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 747 when he moved into Haiilin Co., where he owned at one time 1,70U acres of land; dur- ing his eight years residence, wishing to cur-» tail his husiness, he disposed of his interests, and moved into Monroe Tp., where he pur- chased 159 acres of land, and the .Feffrey Williiuns mill property, which he carried on until 1876, when he moved one-half mile north of Zanesfield, and purchased the Fol- soni mill property and 471 acres of land. Has since traded for the Baldwin mills, a short distance south, and now controls and runs Ixith mills, which are among the best in the State for size and location — the Folsom mill having a fall of thirty feet. This mill has an extended reputation, custom reaching them thirty miles distant. 1'hey are prepared to do both custom aud merchant work; can run the year round either by steam or water power. Mr. Dickinson has now 550 acres of land, which, in connection with his mills, represent a large amount of ca])ital, all of which Mr. Dickinson has attained solely through his own merits. Of the fifteen children born to him, twelve are living — Hannah (Mrs. Ben Bruce), George, John, Thomas, Mary (Mrs. Randall), Ellen (Mrs. George Henry), Laura (Mrs. .lohn P. Williams), Gardner, Amanda, Charles, BenjaTuin and Joseph at home. Though Republican, he is not an extremist in politics, nor in religion. GKORGE W.DICKINSON, miller; Zanes- field; is the second of a family of fifteen chil- dren, whose parents were Joseph and Mary Ann (Corwin) Dickinson, who were residing in Rush Creek Tp. at the time our subject was liorn, March 1(1, 1,S41. George was raised to farming pursuits, whicli business he engaged in up to the time of his enlistment in the ser- vice of his country, Dec. 8, 1801, at the age of ",'0, when he enlisted for three years in Co. D., llkh Reg't., O. V. I., and served his full time of enlistment, and was engaged in nearly all the battles in which his command participated; was always at the front, losing but eighteen days in the time (being then detained in his quaiters on account of sickness); was in some of the most hotly contested battles of the war. During the latter part of his service was with Sherman on his march to the sea. His regi- ment, going out with 1,075 men at the begin- ning, was augmented l)y recruits at ditt'erent times, nuiking the eijtire number 1,875 men in all; only )]25 of the nund^er returned home. Upon his return to Hardin Co., he engaged in farming. October 13, 1805, was married to Matilda Lake, who was born April 14, 1840, in Hardin Co., O: she was a daughter of Harrison and Elizabeth (Day) Lake, both of whom were natives of Kentucky. January, 1879, he sold his farm to his brother and re- moved to this townshi]). The following March, the ninth day, he liad the misfortune to lose his wife bv lung fever, who left to his care five children — Delia A., Thomas H., Martha E., Effie M. and Joseph H. April 37, 1880, he was married to his present wife, Martha J. Neeper, who was born in Rush Creek Tp., March 28, 1838; her j^arents, William and Martha (Moore) Nee])er, are natives of this State. A])ril, 1880, Mr. Dickin-^ son located at the Baldwin Mills, and is now- engaged in running the same. Having con- tracted rheumatism in the service, renders him unable for active farming, and was com- ])elled to change his business in conse()uonce. MRS. LYDIA DAUGHHERTY, farming; P. O., Zanesfield; was born in this township, March G, 18"29; is the eighth child of the family, born to Stephen and Susannah (Gates) Lease, who were among the early pioneers of this county. Mrs. Daughherty was married Dec. 25, 1860, to William, whose name she bears. He was born April 19, 1818, in this township, and is a son of Jarvis and Hannah (Marnion) Daughherty. .larvis D. was a native of the Emerald Isle, and emigrated to this State at an early time, and ])urchased 400 acres south (jf Zanesfielit, which he set- tled upon, and raised a family of si,\ chihben, of which number William was the eldest. After the marriage of Mr. and ilrs. William D., they located on part of the homesteail farm. March 7, 1874, her husband was re- moved by death, leavino- three children to mourn his departure, whose names are — Susie, born Aug. 11, 18G3; Jennie, Nov. 11, 1805, and Zaccheus, Sept. 7, 1868. Since his death she has resided on the farm, which is farmed under her supervision. VALENTINE DUNLAP, farmer; P. O., Zanefield; born in Carroll Co., O., July 12, 1829, the fourth child of Samuel and Hannah Dunlap. Valentine was raised to agricul- tural pursuits, and came with his parents to this C(;u:itv in 1839 ; lived with his father .. X 748 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. until lie WHS ISO years of ag-e, at which time he wooed and won the hand ol" Lueinda Kar- rinjrton, who was born in Stark Co., O., .July 12, l.*^4(}. She was a daughter of .Jesse K. and Elizabeth (Richardson) Farrinjrton. He was born in Massachusetts, 18015. His wife, Elizabeth, was l)orn in Ireland, 180.5, and caine to this country when she was 18 years of age. March, 18C.5, was the date of the mar- riage of Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap, aiul three children have blessed this union, wlio are Abner Lawrence, born .Ian. 1'.), ISliU, Ivy Florence, Nov. 5, 18G9, and Ilannali Bertha, Sept. .5, 18T.5. Fifty-four acres compose his farm which he has earned by his own labor; is not a man that is grasping in his desires after this worhTs goods, l)Ut is mainly content, with his interesting family about him. to have a home and sulliciency, to meet his present demands, and is cndi^avoring to live, more to lay up treasure above than here on earth. He and wife are members of the " Friends." LEWIS V. DICKLN'SOxX, farmer; P. O., North Greenfiehl. Among the enterprising young farmers and stock-raisers in the county wh(j are attaining nuirked success, is Lewis C. Dickinson, who was born in Hush Creek Tp., .Inly 1, lS4:i; is a son of .loshua aiul Martha (Brunson) Dickinson. The Dickinson family are among the early settlers of this county, .loshua, the father of Lewis, was born in this township in the year 1823, and has ever since been a constant n^siilent of the county. Mar- tha, his wife, was born in Clinton Co., this State. Lewis removed with his parents to Pi-rrv Tp., .March 4, 1854; Lewis renujined at home until Fi-b. 20, 1871!, at which time he was married to Mary Akey, born Oct. 25, 1845, in Stark Co., O., daughter of Ellis and Ellen (Xoble) Akey. Shortly after his mar- riage he located on the James Elliott farm, on till- east side of Jefferson Tp., which contains 280 acres, which he now owns, which is one of the best stock farms in the township, which has an inexhaustible supply of s|)ring water in every ])asture field, whieh TU'vi-r freezes during the severest winter w»ather. Mr. D., though a young man, has had consid- erable experience in the handling and nian- Bgement of stock, having hail for several years |iast the superintendi-nce of his father's furuis, and with his own business, has afforded him a sun. In passing through Cincinnati there were but three or four log cabins of that (to-day) large; city. Their first stopping-place was north of Cincinnati thirty-five miles, at a place called Waynes ville; here his father taught school about two years; the family then wended their way northward until they reached Mont- gomery Co.; here he entered some land, where he stayed but a short time and returned to Waynesville; then to Clarke Co., where thev remained until 182.5. John learned the tan- ner's trade at Urbana, which he afterwards abandoned, and tvirned his attention to farm- ing pursuits. After coming to Logan Co., in 182.3, he rented land of Isaac /ane for three years; during his sojourn here was married Dec. 6, 1827, to Charlotte Plummer, who was born in Kentucky, Oct. 28, ISOii. She was a daughter of James and Nancy Plummer. In 1831 he settled on the farm where his son William now lives, remaining about twenty years, and cleared up that farm; in 1851 he located on the farm he now owns, which em- braces 490 acres. When he began for him- self his mother gave him a bed; he worked and obtained money to buy him one cow and a horse, the latter died when he went after his license to get married; having a few dol- lars left after paying for his license, he spent the remainder for a few meagre necessaries to begin keeping house with. He is, to-day, one of the affluent and prominent farmers in the township, and has raised a family that would be an honor to any man, all of whom are settled about him and are prosperous farmers. WILLIAM EASTON, farmer; P.O., New Jerusalem; is the eldest son and child of John and Charlotte Easton; h(> was horn Sept. 10, 1828, in the town of Zanesfield, and was but 4 years and 6 n\onths of age when his father moved to the place he (William) now owns. At the usual age he launched out to do for himself; he was engaged in farming for several years, renting of his father. In 1855, Nov. 13, he was united in marriage to Hannah Wickersham, who was born in Columbiana Co., April 4, 1833; is a daughter of Josej)!! and Margaret Wickersham. Since their mar- riage, has been a constant resident of the farm, which is ornamented with excellent buildings, having one of the best barns in the township, a good house and a well kejit I'arni of 100 acres, which is almost a model farm. All of the buildings are of his own construc- tion and planning. Eight cliildr(>n have been born unto him; seven of the number are living', of whom are Juliaetta, born .fuly 29, 1856, now the wife of Oliver Corwin; Margaret, died in infancv; John Q., born Dec. 6, 1859; Lloyd W., Dec. 8, 18G2; Elmer E., Jan. 26, 1866; Jinnie E.,Aug. 16, 1868; AtlaM., i;jept. 12, 1872; Wellington, Oct. 2, 1875. Mr. Easton was out in Co. I, 133d O. N. G., serving in the one hundred day service. Is a member of Rush Creek tiiange. JOHN W. EASTON, farmer; P. ()., Zanes- field; was born Jan. 2(1, 1832, in this town- ship. He is the third of a family of six chil- dren, born to .lohn and Charlotte (Plununer) Easton. The Eastons are all farmers and are settled in the same neighborhood, several of them adjoining lands, and are thrifty and ■',0 BTOGKArillCAI. sKI:T( IIES. pnispcrous. At tho ajre of 'i'i, John was imirricd to Harriet P^lliott, who was l)orM in Stark Co., Dec. 10. 1S;!5, and is a daughter of Joscpii and .Afarv (Slater) Elliott, who were natives of reinisyl\;inia. After .John was married he rented land for tin'e(; y<'iiis on his fatlier's farm; tlien located on the farm he now owns, and has now 22'i acres of land. Three children have blessed his union with Harriet Elliott, but one liviufr — Marietta, born Oct. lit, ISI)'.*; Abrani and Joseph, de(;eased when younjr: .fosej)h A. was born Dei-. 12, 18.5i', died March :!, ISlil; Abram, born August, 1855, died April 2, lS(il. He and family are members of the .Methodist Episcopal Church. He served in Co. I, O. N. G., i:i"iiid regi- ni(>iit. JA.VIES EASTOX,'farmer; 1'. ()., 15: Ih-loii- taine, was born .\pril 3, .1835, on the farm where ^^'illiam Kaston now resides; is th(> thinl son and fourth child of John and Charlotte Easton. At the age of "^1, he began fanning for himself, renting land of his father for four years, then bought ',') acres, Jan. 1, 18(i0; Ik; was Muirrieg,ui renting land of his father before he attained his niajorilv, and bo- fore he- attained his "J 1st yi'ar he was married to Susaiuiah lbi'rts, she was a daughter of Jacob' and Elizabeth (\'annacka) Lewis, from \'irgiuia, rti'd came to this courjty in 1835. Mr-s. Ea.^ton was born 183-^, Sept. •/, iti Frederick Co., Va. Her grandfather, George Vnnnaoka, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war as well as the war of ]81"^, and lived to the age of '.)3, and her great-grandfather, .lohn J^ewis, sur- vived to the great age of 110. Mrs. Easton was married Nov. 'i\, 1853, to Sanmel Roberts, he died Feb. --iO, 18(11. Of the two children born, but one is living — Smith H., born .May 14, 185(1. Since February, 18T5, Mr. Easton has resided on his present farut, located on the Jerusalem ])ike, two and a half miles east from Bellefontaine, where he has I'i'i acres of land, which be has adorned with good buildings, and greatly improved the tone and character of tho land since liis occu- pancy. JOEL EASTOX. farmer; 1'. ( I.. 15,11, f.,,!- taine; was born Aug. I".', 1S43. ,in th,' fiiriu now owned by his biotliei-, William. At the age of 10, he was among th,' number wiio volunteered their services in the defense of his country, and for three years did he brav the dangers and hardships incidint to a ]ini- tracted cani|).iign. Co. C, 45 ( '. \'. I., \- ;i the commanil to which he was att.ichi'il. H,. r,'trabU; couple. Mrs. Elliott has for twen- ty-five years been an acknowledged minister of the gospel, according to the rules of the Quaker Church, and has traveled over 100,- 000 miles, visiting twenty-seven States, and has attended all the yoarl}' meetings on the Continent, except North Carolina, and has been a guest at the White House during Gen. Grant's administration; in short, she has been instrumental in doing much good, and iloubtless will have many stars in her crown in the day of her rejoicing. This honorable coujile are sp(>nding the evening of their life on the home fai-m in peace and quiet, enjoy- ing the esteem and love of their many friends. '.lOSEPH ELY, Si:., farmer; P. 'O., New Jerusalem; l)orn Sept. 14, 180.J, in Harford Co., Md.; his parents were Joseph and Ann (Jones) Ely; the former was born in Berks Co., Penn., March 17, 1757; his father's name was Thomas. Ann Jones was born in York Co., Pa., ilarch 7, 177,-i; nine children were born to them, Thomas being the sixth; he came to Belmont Co., this State, in 1831, and followed the carpenti^r's trade for several years. In October, 1842, he came to Logan Co., locating in the northeastern part of the township, where he rented land for several years, then purchased 100 acres where he now resides, which has been his constant abiding-place since. Mr. Ely has been twice married. At the age of 23 "he was married to Ann P. I,emmon, born Dec. 30, 1800, and was a daughter of .James and Ann Lennnon; she died Aug. 30, 1818, leaving e'ght chil- dren — Joseph, Aim M., Isaac, John, James, Rebecca, Hulda and Drusilla; all of them are now scattered in difterent parts of the country. June 30, 1850, was married to his present wife, Phebe Henry, born in Nr.vember, 1819, in Jefferson Tp.; she was a daughter of William and Nanc}- (Stephenson) Henry; he was born in Culpepper Co., Va.; she was a native of Kentucky. After Mr. and Mrs. Henry were married they resided in Zanesfield for several years, and moved to Monroe Tp. about ten years before his death. Nine chil- dren have crowned the union of Mr. and Mrs. Ely, of whom are — William H., born April 14, 1851; Elina J., March 1, 1853, now Mrs. A. Arbegast; Thomas C, Oct. 10, 1801; the deceased are — Albert B., Amanda and infant. Mr. and Mrs. Ely are both members of the Missionary Baptist Churcli; he has been for thirtv years a worker in the cause. ABRAHAM ELLIOTT, farmer; P. ()., New Jerusalem; was born Jan. 21, 1828, in Stark Co., O. His fatlier's name was Isaac, and was thrice married, AbralKun being the fruit of the last union. His wife was a Mis. Dwyer, whose maiden name was Rebecca Greer, and was a native of Maryland; he, of Pennsylvania. At the age of 1!) he launched out for himself; began work by the month on a farm, giving his father one-half of his earnings. At the age of 22, April 10, 1850, he was married to Mary Wickeishnm, who was born 182(), -in Cobimbiana Co., O., and is a daughter of Joseph and Margaret Wickershain. For live j'ears after their mar- riage he lived on the farm now owned by Esijuire Slonecker, when he pur(;liased 20acr<'s and was engaged in farming. For several years he was eno-aofed in stock tradino- and 1-11 " ^ "^ while the war was in ju-ogTess he purchased a large number of horses for the government, and all along his. life, from the first, has been successful; has about 300 acres of land, ujion which is located the much visited "Jerusalem Falls," which has become quite noted as a place of resort to visit the falls and its ro- mantic surroundings. Has five children — Asa, Emer, Emily, Agnes and Oliver. He has some very desirable property in Rice Co., Kan., amounting to 320 acres, 150 of which "=^f tJ^ BIOGK A 1 -1 1 1 ( A L f^KETCH ES. is in i;iiltiv;itic)ii. Mr. Elliott's lionic i'anii is situated alxmt uno-lialf of a mile cast of New .IcTiisalcin, on tlir piUi' oxti'iisiou. 'J'lK ).MAS l-JI.LK )TT, farmer; P. ().,Zaiies- lieltl; is a jirandsoii of Isaac Klliott, whose son, Isaac, .Ir., was. likewise the father of Tliornas (whose name heads tliis sketch). Isaac. .Ir., was horn in York t"o., I'enn., June Ki, K ST, and cniiiyrated with liis ])aronts to Stark Co., O., in 1810. Here Thomas was horn, .Ian. 3, 1820, and came to l.o^an Co., in 183'J with his parents, who settled on a piece of land near Jerusalem, which had l)een I'ur- merly occu])od by Simon Kenton. Thomas was laised to farming. By steady attt^ntion to his books he was enabled to obtain an educa- tion suflicient to enable him to teach. Com- mencing at 17, he taught several terms; after- wartls clerked in a store some time. At the age of 2(>, he was married (.May "ii, 1851) to Caroline IJrown, who was bornin this town- ship, .lune 11, 1830; she was a dauirhter of Zaccheus and Hannah ( Marnioii) IJrown. After marriage located on a part of the home- steaer of that family was Ephraim Folsom, who was killi'd by the Indians in 17(19; thc-n Joshua Folsom, born 171 1, who was a (^)uake^,a public sjieaker, and owned a large tract of land; the peo])le called him a Tory because he was not in s>'m))athy with the war; he was a miller by occupation. The next oiu' of note was (ien. Xathaiiiel Folsom, first Captain, then .Major, next Colonel: lirially.in 1775, was promoted to Major-General. seiving in the Revolutionary war and rejiresentod New Ham)>^hiro in the first Congress,-.. which met at Philadelphia. Of the family who came to this State was Joshua, who located several bundled acres of laud in this township; oiu» of h s sons was George Folsom, who was the father of (^harles J., who was l)orn on the farm where he now lives, Aug. 23, 1841, eldest of two chihlren born to George and Sarah Folsom. Se|)t. 12, 186G, he married .Marv Vearsley. born in Chester Co., Penn., daughter of Robert and Sarah Yearsley, and of English Lcscent, am since marriage has been living on the home farm; have four children — Clifton, fMiia, George and Robert; has a library of staml: r 1 works, pri>senled to his father by ^S ashinr I' n Irving, who was a frieiul of his i.;randfal lui , Is a member of NN'apatomira I.odgi , I. O. < ). F .JOHN Y. FOCST, farmer; P. f)., Zaiies- field; was born .Ian. 11, 183(1, in L'nion ^'i ., Penn.; is the eldest of a family of thirt"cu children, born to Henry and .Margaret (Yohn) Foust, his parents, who moved to Poi'age Co., this State, when Jt)hn was but a babe. They remained there about eight year>; located in Logan Co. in 1838, nxing their abode in Monroe Tp. Since, the Foust fam- ily have been constant residents of tin- covnity. John rcnuiined with iiis ])arenl> until he was of age; he began for himself by working by the month. In 1B54 he was united by marriag<' to Nancy Emerson, daughter of Francis and Aletha (Snnth) Emerson. She died in 1801, iei.ving llni'e children — one living, born in I8.";9, now the wife of AVilliam Cieviston. Feb, 12, 180,3, Mr. Foust was married to Susan Corwin, born -\ug. 12, 1845, in Ca.ss Co., .Mich. Her par- ents were .lohn anil Eli/abeth (Hishoj)) ( 'm - win, who returiu'd to this count)' in 1851. Nino children have crowned this union. Five of the nund>er now survive — (iei rgc, Harri- son, Clara H., liertha E. and Susjiii. Of the children dei'eased are — .lohn M., Mary E., Thomas ami Sauniel; .lohn .M. at the age of 1 months; Marv, lOycars; Tliomi 8, 8 years; Samuel, 21 months, all of sca?lel fever. Up I , ijy^ JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 753 to ]S(i7 Mr. Foust had been a resident of Monroe Tp.; since that time he has l)een a resident of .Jeflerson Tp., where he lias a snug farm of 86 acres, located in the south- west part of the township, which is well im- proved, and under good management, Mr. Foust being an energetic and successful farmer. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church at Tharp's Run. 1I015ERT W. FIGLEY, farmer; P. O., Zanestielil; was born in Harrison Co., ()., May 1 1, Ifi'-i'i. Robert's father, .Jacob Figley, was thrice married; our subject being the ])roduot of the second marriage, to Anna Caplcs, who gave birth to five children during two confinements; the first were trijilets — three boys — of whom Robert was one; the ne.xt she gave birth to twins, and died shortly after- wards, and was buried with one of the number; the n-maining one lived to maturity, and like- wise gave birth to twins, but died soon after- wards, and the mother and twins were buried in one coffin. After two years resid(>nce in Harrison the Figley family moved to Tusca- roras Co., where Jacob engaged in farming and stock-raising and was successful. At the age of 25, Robert left Tuscarawas Co., and spent two years in Kansas and Nebraska, and for some time was engaged in trading with the several Indian tribes, returning in 18.5'J; he was married in August, 1860, to Min- erva L. Sigler, who was born 1843, in Union Co., near Summerville; daughter of William and Mary Ann (Cork) Sigler; he was born on the banks of the Potomac; his wife, Mary A., in Ross Co., O. After Mr. Figley's marriage he located in Union Co., and began renting land. All of his earthly effects he could have wheeled in a hand- cart. Tn 1862 he enlisted in Co. H., 82nd O. V. I., and served seventeen months. In 1864 Ik; re-enlisted in Co. B., 174th O. V. ]., anil served until the close of the war. I'pon his return home, he jiurchased a small farm in York Tp., in Union Co.; kejit the same five years; selling it, he purchased 77 acres near Rich wood, same township, retaining it until 1876, when he sold out, and came to Logan and ])urchased 111 acres of William L)unla|), situated in the east part of .b>tferson Tp., wiirrr he now resides. Has seven children — William D., Florence M., .Mary Ann, Lola R., Joseph J., Ivy R. and Daisey L. His industry and frugality has secured him a good pro])ertv. CHARLES FAWCETT, farmer; P. O., Zanesfield; was born in Frederick Co., Va., Jan. 15, 1813; the third of a family of fifteen children, eight of whom came to maturity; his parents were Elijah and Phebe (Holloway) Fawcett; he was born in Frederick Co., Jan. 7, 1784; she in same county, March 10, 1700, and married Feb. 25, 1810, and emigrated to this State in 1824; first winter was s))ent in Highland Co., then went to Clinton Co. and remained until the spring of 18.'i4, when the family settled in Rush (_!reek Tp. on Mill Creek, buying 200 acres of land in the "green woods," and from that time forward was identified with the county up to his death. Charles remained with his father until he was 24 years of age. In March, 1839, he was mar- ried to Hester Ann Brown, born in Maryland, Dec. 30, 1816, and is a daughter of Joel anil Charlotte (Hooker) Brown. After Mr. Faw- cett's marriage, he lived one year in Zanes- field and run a cooper shop; since that time has been engaged in farming; his first ])ur- ehase was 50 acres at l>3 per acre, mostly un- improved; here he erected his cabin and was hajipy and contented. Ten years after he added 50 acres more, for which he ])aid ^'i'-i per acre; in 1873 sold out and returned to Zanesfield and remained until April, 1878, and, on account of his hoys, who desired to engage more largely in farming, hi' |)urchasi'd 211 acresof laud in " Hadlev bottom," and has since lived there. Five chihlren have been born unto him, who are — Asa, Barclay, Sarah J., John R.and Elmer T. C. HERVEY FOLSOM, miller; P. ()., Zani'sfield; is the eltlest son of Charles aiid Lydia (Pennock) Fo'som. C'harles was the son of Joshua and ( alhariiie (Hoffman) Folsom. Joshua was a native of New Hampshire and of Quaker parentage. He was an attorney and began his jiractice in Baltimore, Mil. In 1812, he moveil to Circleville, ().; in 1830, he came Vo Logan Co. and settled on a 1,500 acre tract of land ailjoining Zaneslield, and soon after built a saw-mill on same. He also )jurchased a herd of short-horn Durham cattle in Kentucky, a:id moved them to his farm. But he was not spared long to enjoy the im- provements he so e.xtensivelv made, he dying Dec. 1.5, 1840. His wife iHcmI Dec. 16, 1861. r 754 BIOGRAI'IIICAL SKETCHES. Charlos Folsoin, the yoiiiigest son of .loslnia, was l)(>rii in Columbus, O., Sept. 12, IS'H. At the death of liis father, he came in pos- session of 630 acres of land near Zanesfield, on which was located the old saw-mill. In 1850, ho built a new saw-mill near the old one, and in 1854 he built a flour-mill and conducted the same. In 18T0 \w moved to ZanesKeld, where he en>;aged in commercial business, and scrv(>d as Postmaster; he also served as editor of the Mad l?ivcr JihiiJf some four years, and did considcral)Ie l)uild- ing. In 1876, lie sold his mdl and 41 1 acres of land to Mr. J. W. Dickinson and with his family moved to Toledo, O., where he and two sons are engaged in the printing busi- ness. His son, ('. Hervey Folsoni, was born nearZanestield,0., .fuly 27, 184G. He lived at home on the farm until 1863, when he attended .school at Url)ana for one year; he then returned liome and looked after the interests of the ])lacc. Sept. 21, 1869, he married Miss .lennie, daughter of Dr. .lames Crew, a popidar physi- cian of this vicinity. In 1872, C. Her\ey and Ills father formed a partnership — ('. & C. II. Folsom — and conducted the farm and saw and grist-mills. In 1S76, they engageil in tlu; tea business in Toledo; in 1877, Mr. C. 11. returned to Zanesfield and engaged in the milling business in the old slanil and now sustains the former excellent reputation f)f the mill (known as the .M;id River ri'emium .Mill.) IJy his mairiage there was one child, Jielle ('., born .\pril 27, 1S77. tJKOHGK FOLSO.M, deceased; formerly of Zanesfield, ()., a portrait of whom appears in this work, was born in CircleviiUs <)•, .Ian. 2, 1818, ami came to Logan Co., with hi.s parents in the year l.s:SI. Oct. 20, 1840 he was uinted in wedlock to Miss Sarah .(. FylTe; she was born in I'rbana, ()., June 28, 1821. Afli'rtlie marriagi' they moved to a (arm in .Iclfeison Tp., and livi>d there inilil I86i, when they iuovimI to Zaneslield, where lie died (very sndderdy) l'"eb. 11, 1874. My the marriage there were born si.x children, of whom but twii are living, vi/, : Charles .1., living on the iild homestead, ami KUen \\'., now Mrs. Dr. Gill, of West Liberty, < ). The deceas('d was a mi'inber of the .Methodist Episcopal Church, in the afl'airs of which he took an active interest, he serving as Trus- tee, Steward and Class Leader; he was a charter member and the First Noble Grand of the Wapatomica Lodge, No. 424, of I. ( ). O. I*\ A man of noble impulses, kind and generous; an affectionate father and loving husband, who in his daily w-alk of life en- deavored to live in harmony with the Chris- tian princi])les he entertained, and such was the life he led that he endeared himself to the entire community, and his death was mourned by all who knew liim. His remains now rest in the cemetery at Bellcl'ontaine, the place being tnarkcd by a beautiful monument erected to his memory. Mrs. Folsom has lived in Zanesfield since the death of her husband. \\'hen but Ki years of age she became :i mini- bcr of the Methodist Kpisco])al Churcli, :im(I has ever retained the ('hristian jirinciplcs <>( her youth; her parents were ^^'illiam 11. and Miiximillia (Petty) Fylfe. He was born in Wilmington, N. C, Aug. 20, 187li, aiul ca to L'lbana, O. in the year 18(l3, he assist ini;- in laying out the town; he carried on the sad- lUery buisness, his being the first of the kind between Dayton and Sandusky City; he also served as a soldier throughout the war of 1S12 an miles north of Crbana, on which thcv built the lirst grist mill in ('hampaign Cii., wli;ch was also the first mill between Dayton and J^aki- Kvm-. These parents were natives of Franci-. lb' stuniiig; his farm, consisting of sixty-six acres, is one among the oldest settled in the township, and is well supplied with small f uit.-, M,. Garwood being especially adapted to the care and growing of vegetables and fruits, in which he takes pride. IRA GWYNN, farmer; P. O., New Jeru- salem ; was a son of John Gwynn, who was a Vi"cini;in; born in March, 1793, and emigrated to Harrison Co., this State, with his father, Hugh, in 180G. John was raised to farming pursuits, and was married in 1810, to Edith McMillen, who died about the year 1827, leaving two children. Feb. 11, 1830, he was married to Miss McMillen, daughter of James and Mary McMillen, who was born June 8, 1807, in Harrison ('o., ().; they were both natives of York Co., Pa.; he was born in 17U8, and came west in 1803, and raised eight children, of which Mrs. Gwyiui, the mother of Ira, was the fifth. This coii])le died in 18.57, after sixty-one years of married life, only one day's difi'erence in the date of thair death; they were buried in one grave. John, the father of Ira, located in 1833, in the east i)art of the township, and ]inrchased 180 acres of land which was a dense forest; here he remained and cleared up the farm, and lived until his death, which occurred in August, 1851; and was one of the staunch and true men of his time, a worthy citizen, kind and indulgent to his faniilv, and a friend to the down-trodden race. Ten children were born to him. At the age of seventeen, Ira enlisted in Company " K," 88th O. V. I., and served about thirteen months, then re-enlisted in the 2d Mo. Cavalry, and was for some time Mounted Orderly at Gen. Thomas' head((uar- ters. His command was among the number that ran Gen. Price out of Missouri; his regiment traveled, in six weeks, 2,500 miles, which fact is a matter of record; Ira returned home without a scratch; his brother .John was also in the arm3'. Jesse, his brother, was in the 15th Regulars, and after serving two years, was discharged on account of wounds re- ceived. Hugh, his brother, was in the Quar- termaster's l)e]iartmenf ; he was a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan College, Quincy; is an at- torney-at-law. Ira was raised to farming; has taught school several terms; and was married in 18(iS to Adeline Root, born Jidy 14, 184(i, in Allen Co., O., daughter of Daniel and Suaan (Smith) Root. The Smiths came from Mori:an Co., and the Root familv from New York. Ira and wife have four children — Ida B., born Oct. 4, 18(;0; Hugh, Oct. 23, 1872; John, March 22, 187U; Harry M., May 30, 1878. Ira is a member of Wapatomica Lodge, I.O.O. F., No. 424. Mrs. Gwvnn hail three bi-others in the service; two were killed, and tiie other died of disease. GEORGE A. HENRY, farmer; P. O., Bellefontaine; was bdrii Aug. !(, J837, near Zanesfield, being the yijungost of the family, of which there were only three. His narents were Joel and Patienc(^ (Easton) Henry. .Joel was born June 24, 180(i, and was married to Patience Easton Doc. 3, 1829. She was born in Shelby' Co., Kentucky, in 1804, and is a sister of John E iston, of this township. George's grandfather was named George, and was a Virginian by birth. A part of the land that George now owns was purchased in 1841, where his father settled and remained on the same until his death, which took place Nov. 29, 1855. Here George has since lived. Oct. sh 756 BIOGRAPHK A l> SK KTCHES. 22, lS(i:5, ho was inarriiid to Emily Robb. She was Ijorii .laii. 'M, IS'.iS, in tliis county, in Lake Tp., dHujihtfr of Joshua and Sarah (Nelson) HoUl). George has 190 acres of lantl asido from a two-thirds interest in an- other tract, which makes in all about 'i&) acres, and he is a successful farmer. He is a member of the I'resbyterian ('hurch and a rulinjj Klder of the First Presbyterian (Jluirch of IVllefontaine. He has two children — lola Patience, l>oni Feb. 14, 1866; Sarah Kva, June 30, LSHO. (ieorcre lias one brother, Da- vid, who resides in this township; also a sis- ter, -Marj^aret, who is the wife of Simon 1). F]lliott, a |)rominent business man of Mill- ford Centre. Mr. Henry is a young man of much stabilit}', is a lil)eral patron of the pub- lic journals and newspapers, and is well posted in the ])assinfr events of the day. GE01«iE W. HENKY, farmer; P. ()., Zanesfield; was born in this township, Feb. 29, ls:i2. lieing the sixth child of a family of eight children born to their parents, James and Priscilla (Wasrner) Henry. James Hen- ry was born in \'irginia; his wife's father served seven years in the Kevolutionary War. James came to this county and settled inanv years prior to the birth of iiis son George. He was a farmer liy occupation, and followed that vocation until his death, which occurred in 1840. At the age of 9 Cieorge was bound out to learn the plasterer's trade, to serve un- til his majority, and was to receive at the ex- piration of his time, a horse, saddle and bridle worth ^4"), and a bible worth ^'.i. At the ex- piration of his time, his emiiloj'er ])aid him t45 instead. Sept. 27, 1857, Ik- was married to .Margaret Cook, who was born Nov. 30, 1839, in Inion Co., this State. He then set up fanning adjoining the place he was bom on, and worked at his trade, where he contin- ued three years. In jSliO he moved to Cnion Co. anil purchased a small farm, continuing at his Irndi' anil farming for live years, when he abandoned his trowel and coidined his atten- tion excjusivi'ly to his farm for about si.v years, then disposing of his first purchase, bought anolher farm in the .same locality, re- taining the same until .April, 1874, and came to this county ami purchased 1 12 acres adjoin- ing the town of Zam-slield on the west, where he has since resided, having one of the most desirable location.s in the county. His beau- tiful residence and commodious buildings, which overlook Mad River Valley, are plenti- fully supplied l)v a never-failing spring, situ- ated many feet above the premises, whiili is conveyed in ])ipes to all of his l)uildings, furnishing an unceasing flow of pure, cold water, .lulv 24, 18()7, his wife died, leaving two children — .Mary M., born July 30, IK.iS, ,111(1 Osliurn C, born Sept. 18,"l8.">9. .Mr. Ilenrv was married to his present wife. May 3(1, IStiS; her maiden name was .Mary A. Scott, born April 5, 1846, in Rush Creek Tstions of temperance, is firm and unvieidiiig, and will oppose, through the ballot and liv his influence, every nuasurc which is calculated to defeat the principles of prohibition. JOHN (J. 1I()(;E, retired farmer; P. ()., IJelh'fontaine. The subject of this sketch, and .whose portrait appears in this work, is among the stainich and highly-respected cit- izens of this county; he was horn March 29, 1810, in Loudoun Co., Va. His father's nanu^ was .(esse, and was the father of ten children, of which number John ii. was the second; his mother's mime was Elizabeth (iregg, also a native of Lou. The Hoire family are of Scotch di'scent; three brothers at the time <>l the " Persecution " left Scotland; one stipon his son's mind and understanding that there was " no excellence without great labor," and that to attain success, one must labor to that end. At 21 he was married to Martha Ann Bishop, who was born in 1837, in New .Jersey, tlaughter of Thomas and Biney Bishop. He began first by renting land, and afterwards purchased 00 acres, and after an occupancy of seven years, he moved to this town- ship and purchased 197 acres of land, situated nearly two miles east, on the Liberty rt)ad, where he now resides. By economy and in- dustry, and following the course indicated to him in youth, he has now become one of the successful men in his line of business. He has seven children, whose names are — Thomas J., Emma li., Laura A., Mary .1., Charles W., Alonzo and Nelson. Religiously, he ad- heres to the doctrine taught ljy John Wesley, the pioneer of Methodism. WILLIAM Y. JOSLIN, farmer; P. O., Zanesfield; born Sept. 14, 1830, in Liberty Township, Delaware Co.; son of Jonas and Lucy (Buttertield) Joslin. He was a native of the Eastern States, and emigrated to this State about the year 1817, locating in Liberty Township, Delaware Co., Ohio, where he yet resides. At the age of 19, Oct. 21, 1855, itv 1"-* i^, 753 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. William was niairicil to Hacliel S. Case, who was ijorn Ffh. I'i, 18:J7, in llie same locality as her husljaiid. She is a daughter of Now- toti and Azuba (Gay) Case; he was I)()iii Oct. 1, 1804; his wife, October, 1809. After ^yil- liain's marriajje he was eng^aged in farming. In August, 180:.', he enlisted in Co. C, 121st O. V. I., and served until the close of the war, participating in many of the important en- gagements of the war; was taken ])risoner at one time, and at another, was woundetl with a musket ball, and is a "scarred soldier." Upon his return home, resumed agricultural pursuits, which he has since continued. In .March, ISTl, went to .Missouri, whicli locality not suitilig him, returned to the IJiu^kcye State. In 1 8T2, came to Logan County, locat- ing on the farm lie now owns, coii'^isting of 1 lit acres, and is attaining success, having a good firm and pleasant location. Had live chil- dren — Jeannette, now .Mrs. L(!roy iJillon, of Union Co., Ohio, born .lulv 4, 1S.5!S; Irvin N'., Feb. 19, ISOO; .Minnie May, May 19, I8ti2, died Oct. 11, 18(j3; Ermina U., l)orn Sept. 7, I8C9; Charles G., .June 24, 1871. He and wife are members of the Free \Vill Haptist Church. Me has always been identified with the Ke|)ublican Jiarty, and is a m(Mnl)er of Wapalomica l.ddyc, f. O. O. F., \o. 424. .lOSKlMl C. klTCilKX, farmer; P. ()., Jiellcrontainc; was born May o, 18l!!l, near l)e Gralf, Logan Co.; is tlu' eldest of a fam- ily of four liiildren. His father's mime was Kdward, and he was ))orn in.luly, 1S(I2, near (iettysburg, I'enn., and wiis married to -Miss Ann Caid)y, born in ISdll, aTid were married in l.s:i7, settling in .Miami Co., this State, where they lived until 1.S4."), then mov- ing to Indianapolis, aiiil remaining then- until 1855. iJuring this tinn^ hi- was merchandis- ing. The motlu^r of Joseph was a cousin of Gen. K. ]{. S. Canby, who was killed by the Moiloc Indians. Joseph was atfcjrdc^d good school advantages, which were improved. In 1K.">9 he engaged as book-keeper for R. S. Canby & Co., until the breaking out of the war, then went out in the l.Jth (). V. 1. as IJuartermaster; in lS(i4 he received a connnis- sion as assistant Quarternuister, with rank (if Captain, on (Jen. Kimball's staff, where he remained until |S(>.">; was then assigned to fieii. NVi-itzel's slatr, connnanding on the Ifio Grande Hiver, and remaitied there until lS(j(i, and was mustered out at as supernumerary. Returning home he engaged in stock-trading and farming; .June 9, 18(>9, he was married to Martha .McCarrel, who was born in 1841, March 20, in Huntingdon Co., Penn. He has now 240 acres of land, aud a family of three children — Harvey S., born .Ian. 21), 1872; EHie L., .Ian. 20, 1874; Jessie, Nov. 5, 1877. UICHARD S. KITCHKN. farmer; P. O., Bellefontaine. Born in Miami Co., O., in lS4li; is the youngest child of Edward and i Ann (Canby) Kitchen. On the fathei's side \ the family isof German descent, and of Penn- sylvanian origin. After the marriage of Richard's j^arents they located in Pitpia, -Miami Co., O., where Richard was born. The faniih^ made several changes, liisfatlu'r being dis])osed to lead a commercial life, and afrer several removes, finally settled down on the I'arm whicli .losepli now owns, about the y ar 18.")(i; he yet survives, and is retired from bi s- iness, and resides in Bellefontaine. His wife died, in Dec. 1808. At the ago of twenty Richard began farming for hims:elf by lei t- ing land on the homestead; Oct. 12, 1871, le was married to Susannah Fichthorn, wi o was horn in Green Co., O., .luly 7, 1845, diugl.ter of Isaac and l'>lizabetli Fichthorn. Has i:J7.J acres of land, which is situated in the northern ]>art of this towiishij). He is one of the most driving and energetic men in the townshi)), and is making a success. Has three i-hildren living — Henry Earl, born Aug. S, 1872; Wil- liam B., Sept" 15, 1.S7:?; and .Vlvin S., Feb. 1:5, 187(1. /EI'H.WIAH L-\POI.'T, mechanic; Znni-s- field; born July 4, 18:i5, near Cadiz, in Har- rison Co., O., son of Abraham and Ellen (Wallace) Laport, who were natives of same county. Abraham, the grandfather of Zejiha- niah, was a native of Maryland, and came west several years prior to the war of 1S12, of which he was an honored sohlier, and lo- cated on the land where the Harrison County Inlirmarv now stands; here Abraham, the lather of Ze])haniali, was born during 1S12. .Miout the year is:i."), Zephaniah's grandfather caine to Kiish Creek Tp., and jiurchased land of Elijah Beal, where Harper now stands, ami settled upon the same, whi're he lived until hishterof William and Sarah (Dunston) Tittsworth. Since Mr. Lease's niarria;ie hi^ has resided on tht; farm he now owns, which is adjacent to and a part of the original htimestead; has eight children — Stephen, James ])., Susanah, Ann, Emma, Dora, (^harles and Clara, lie has a gootl farm of 'i'>'> acres of land. MRS. ELKAXOR LEASE, Bellefontaine; is a luitive of this county, and has been a con- stant resident of the same since 1S17, Dec. 2.J, which was the date of her birth. Her parents were Thomas and Zana (Carbon) Dunston. Thomas Dunston was born near llichni nd, Virginia, and when but a young lad at school, was drafted into the Revolu- tionary War. .Mrs. Lease's mother was born in Maryland, atxl came west about 1812. The family, upon their arrival here, first settled near West Lil)erty. and in ISHl they movcil to the farm .lames Dunstdii now owns. .Maich l.'l, 18;{4, she WHS married to Daniel Lease, wlio was a son of Sanniel Lease. Since the marriage she has been a cfmstant resident on the farm she now owns, which consists of 140 acres. Mr. Lease di(^d in ISlU. Since that time she has been carrying on the farm, with tlie assistance of her son .lohn, who was born Sept. 28, 1K4!I. She has live children— Caro- line, now .Mrs. W. Wacki-rson; Fannie, Mrs. S. Williams; Ella, Mrs. John .McCollough, and David ( '. JACOB LEASE, farmer; T. O., Belhfon- taine; is the youngest of the family born to Stephen Lea.se, and was theelevcntli cliiUI; he was born Dec. 1, 1h:J(I, on the farm he now owns, which was the homestead place, which he has never left. In ISIi.'i hi- was married to Susanna Everingham; she was born 18415, in this county; she was a daughter of Ileinyand So])ludnia (Donaldson) Everingham. Seven children are the result of this union, who are — Anini M., Susan O., .Jacob A., liillie K., John J., Ettie and Katie. He has 145 acres of land; the house is situated on the vi|)land(iv('r- looking the valley below, which is lich bolt.im land. J. .M. LANCE, farmer; P. ()., New J.-rusa- lem. Was born ^Vpril .'!, ]8li2. near Belvidere, M'arren Co., N. .1. His father's name wiis Martin, who married Margaret .Mc.Murtrie, the mother of .1. M. They were born and raised in New Jersey — emigrating to this State when .1. M. was but six years of age; thi'V first located in Richland Co., Cass Tp., pui- chasing 80 acres of land, ujion which he si'ttled, and remained on the same until death bore him away, Aug. 13, 1851. The subject of mitil this sketch remained on the home place he was 22 years of age; he went to Michi- gan, where she purchaed land, and lived there about two vears in all; retiniiing home, stayed t)iie vear, then went to ."^tark Co.; Sept. 3, 1857, was married to Surah II. Scott, who was born in .Marlborough Tji., .March 10. 1S;!2. and is a daughter of Israel and Sarah Hollo- wav, both of whom were natives of \'irginia, and were " Friends," and came out to this State at an early day. After he was married he lived in Shiloh five years, and in IStiC) he moved into this township and bought !I4 acres east of .lerusalem, where he lived until 18^;!, when he made an exchange and moved to his ])resent place of residence, one-half mile west of Jerusalem, where he has llti acres of iaml; has had considerable ex))eri- ence in teaihing, having taught in Ken- tucky and -Michigan as well as in this State. Having hiarned the carpenter's trade when young, he employed his time at this during the sinnmer, and taught during the winter. Has one child, Julius .\rlliur, boiii Se])t. 27, 1871. HENRV W. .M.\i;.M().\', farmer; P. (). Zanesfield. ( )f the first arrivals of the .Marnion family to the I'nited Slates, there has been nothing sprea aiiumulated means, and for himself a good name in the coniinunity, is Mr. Miller, who was born in the Tyrol, Austria, April 23, lS2o; he is the eldest of four children that were born to Michael and Magdalene (Feldegger) .Miller; .Joseph was reared to the manufacture of boots and slioes, his trade being a slioemaker; in the fall of 1852 ho parted' with his boyhood's home, and emigrated to America, and to Ohio in 1853; when he landed in Bellefontaine he was destitute of means; he set to work for Davidson & Butler; then for Davidson alone, and finally for Davidson & Thrift; in all, making thirteen years of service; April, 18(37, he engaged in business under the firm name of Miller & McElree, which business last- ed until January, 187!i; in April, 18?9, he mov- ed to Jefferson Tp., and located in the north- east part of the township on the Solomon Day farm; he has 124i acies; th(^ half acre was do- nated as a burial-place for colored people, by Mr. Day. Dec. 4, 1855, was married to Su- sanna Spahr, his present wife, wlu) was born March 11, 1832, in Washington Co., Pa., daugh- ter of Martin and Margaret (Coil) Spahr, who emigrated to this State in 1840, to Harrison Co., then to Guernsey, and finallv to Logan. Thev have five children living — Frantz, born Nov. 12, 1861; Henry, May 23, 1803; Charles, Feb. 15, 18G7; Joseph, Oct. 11, 1871; John, Feb. 20, 1873. Mr. Miller has his farm all paid for, and is not indelited to anv jierson; and is doing a successful business; and has an interesting famiiv of children. WILLIAM MOON, carpenter; Bellefon- taine; was born in Reading, Berks Co., Penn., Feb. 7, 1810; is the second of a family of eight children (seven now- living), who were born to Jacob and Susannah (Riihtcr) Moon, both of whom wore natives of Germany, and emigrated to Pennsylvania about the year 1810. William came out with his parents to this State in 1821 ; when yt^t a lad he returned to Lancaster, Penn., where he learned the carpenter's and cabinet-maker's trade, which occupied five years in learning. Returning West, he w-as married, Dec. 1, 1840, to Su- sannah Shawver, who was liorn in Carroll Co., O., 1818; she was a daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Shultz) Shawver; he wasa native of Pemisylvania, and she of Virginia. Mr. Moon has follow-ed his chosen occupation up to the present time; for four years after he completed his trade, he traveled and worked as jouineynuin in several of the large cities, among the best class of workmen, in order to perfect himself in his busincbS, and thereby has became one of the liest workmen in his line, his aljility Ijeing recognized bv his havii.g all the work he can attend to; has for several years been making a specialty of moving l^ ^^ 783 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. building's, and is prepared to move any kind — frame, log, brick or stone — and in a satis- factory manner. Has si.v children living — Sophia, now Mrs. W. V. McFadon; Levi and Harvey, in Howard Co., Mo.; Michael, in Columbus; Sarah, now Mrs. Jones, and John. Mr. Moon has a good homo; has recently so'd his farm to his son; resides now on the Zanes- field pike, two mil(>s east of liellefontaine. He is a nieniher of the Lutheran Church. .lOIlX MAY, farmer; ]'.()., HcHefontaine; was horn Nov. t), ]S::ill; is the fourlii of a fam- ily of five children who were horn to Alex- ander and Margaret (^IcLaughlin) May, who emigrated to this county in 1S:J3; ho died the Se]>tember following, and she died July 4, ISyn. The Mavs are of Irish o.xtraction, l)ut the more recent representatives are na- tives of Mar^'land. In ])olitics they were all Whigs, and were adherents of the Associate Reformed Church, called by some the '' Seced- ers," who were very strict in their forms of worshi]). To this church the father and mother of the May family belonged. John now resides on the land his lather purchased in this township; since 11S47, ho has had the management of the farm. In .lune, 1S(!1, he wa.s married to Sarah M. Hockwell, born in Holmi'S Co., ()., Aug. 21, 1840; she is a daughter of Charles and Marv Ann (Manpiis) Hockwell. He was a native of N'ermont, she of Washington Co., Penn. One child has been born to them — Helen, born March 17, 1863. His farm comprises 'i'iO acres; his father was l)orn in October, 1778, in Wash- ington Co., Penn. Of the May family, born to Alexander and .Margaret, are — James, Sam- uel, .Fane, Margaret (now deceased), and .lohn. James is now in Lynn Co., Ore.; .lane, the wife of .Mr. Taylor, in Monroe Tp.; John and Samuel at homo on the farm. OKKN Ol TLANI), merchant; Zanesfield; WHS born May \'i. IS4'.t, in .Monroe Tp., and has never recogni/ed any other phue as home, save that of Logan ( 'o. He is a son of James and Kebecca (Stratton) Outland, who are likewise natives of this county. Karlv in I fo, Oron formed the desire to lead a commercial life, and though reared to farming pursuits, yet his inclinations tiKik a dilforent turn, and, at the age of 18, he i-ntered the store of ( ). lirown & (.'o., of Zani>sKi;lil, and ofticiated as clerk nearly three years; then entered into partnership with S. D. Elliott, which relation lasted two j'ears, when, in conso(pience of im- paired health, he abandoned store-life for one year, to recu[)erate; then went into partner- ship with his former employers, O. IJrown & Co., who con'ducted the business for two years, when he sold his interest to them, and retired troin the business; but he did not re- main long out of his chosen vocation, when, ld and is a member of Wapatomiea Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 4--'4, and Uellc lo;itai[ie Lodge, No. -iOU, A. F. and A. .M.; also of Lafayette Chapter, No. (ill, R. A. .M. He and wife are members of the Methodist E|)isi;o- ])al Church. DR. W. H. OLTLAND, i)hysi,ian; Zan.'s- field. Among tli(,> successful practitioners of medicine in this county, of the eclectic school, is W. H. Outland, who was born in Perry Tp., .Ian. "-id, 1S42, son of Thomas Antiim Outland and Eli/a Freer, his wile. Thonuis, was a son of .losiali, who emigrated to this countv from the Carolinas, several years prior to the war of ISl"2. The Outland family are of Dutch, and the Freors of English descent. Thomas was bom in the eastern jinrt of this county on the head waters of tin- Darby, ami remained in the ( )utland S(>tflomont mitil 18.">7, when he moved to Union Co., remain- ing then> until the fall of 1804, when he moved to Hardin Co., near the ScioU), at the Wheeler tavern stand, remaiTiiiig there until his death, which occurred .Ian. 8, 1871). He was the father of eight children, six bovs and two girls, all of whom are living, \V. H. being the second in order; his early life was employed in the discharge of home Lkn. JEFP^ERSON TOWNSHIP. 763 duties and attending- school, while his advan- tages were limited, \'et he was successful, ob- taining an education sufficient to enable him to teach several terms of school, during the winter season. At the age of ''8, he began the study of medicine, and graduated Feb. -t, 1873, at the Eclectic Medical College, at Cin- cinnati, and began practice in Mt. Victory, Hardin Co., O., where he remained a short time. March 29, 18T4, came to Zanesfield, and has since been actively engaged in the practice of his profession. Oct. 14, 1875, he was married to Malinda F. Thompson; she was born in Zanesfield, in 1850, olaughter of Amos and Kuth (Ilea) Thompson. They have one chilli, Edwin Freeman. He and his wife are both mendiers of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. He is now serving his fourth term as Township Clerk; is also a member of the Masonic Order, and a staunch Uepul)lican. J. W. OUTLAXD, farmer; P. O., Zanes- field; born in Zane township, Uoc. 15, 1838; is the youngest son of a family of three chil- dren, who were born to R )bert and Martha (Freer) Outland. He was born Nov. 27, 1808; in Zane township; he was a son of Josiah Outland. Martha was born the same year and day of the month as her husband, but one month later; she was a daughter of Thomas Freer; they were lifelong residents in the township and county. Robert died Sejit. 1, 1871 — his wife April 21, 1880; she was for manyyears a mend)er of the Methodist Epis- copal Church; their remains now repose in the Baptist burying ground. J. Wesley was married Jan. 1, 181)2, to JIaggie Sharp, who was born Feb. 25, 1844, in Zane Tp.; she was a daughterof Caleb and Rebecca(Kii(iuff)Sliar]); she was born in Fairfield Co., her husband in Logan Co., O. He died July 21, 1862; liis wife, when Maggie was six years of age. After the marriage, J. W. and wife lived nine years on the home farm, and in 1870 came to their present place of abode, in the southeast part of the township, and is engaged in farming. They have had five children born to them, but four living: Charles C, born April 4, 1863; Flora B., March 1, 1866; Minnie V., Nov. 2, 1870: died March 5, 1873; Robert F., born July 15, 1873; and Cassie May, Feb. 23, 1873. He and wife are nuMubers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. EZRA R. OUTLAND, farmer; P. C, Zanesfield; is the youngest child of a family of sixteen children, born to .losiah and Kesiah Outland, who were natives of North Carolina, and subsequently settled in Zane Tp., Logan Co., where Ezra was born Dec. 2, 1828; at the aare of 18 E/ra left home, and soujiht to learn the carpenter's trade, and after he had it completed, the business not suiting him, he enaraffed in farming;; at the age of 22, Oct. 10, 1850, he was married to Elizabeth Lukens, who was born in Warren Co., O., and daugh- terof Salathiel and Louisa (Fawcett) Lukens; after his marriage, he engaged at work on a saw-mill for three years, and in the fall of 1854 moved to the eastern part of the town- ship and purchased 70 acres of land at %14 per acre, paying on it what money he had saved when at work in the saw-mill, and went in debt for the remainder; this land was unimproved, not a stick cut or any improve- ment made upon it; he built him a small frame house and began clearing the timber and making him a farm. In Novend)er, 1869, his wife died; four children were the fruit of the union, two of whom are living — Fernan- do D., born Aug. 4, 1851, and Orlando, July 6, 1854. April 19, 1873, was married to Hettie Inskeep, who was born in Perry Tp., July 14, 1846, and had been a successful teacher from the time she was 15 years of age to the time she was marri(>d; she is a daughter of David and Martha (Downs) Ins- kec]), who were born in Zane Tp. Mr. and Mrs. Outland have two children — Enniia E., born May 23, 1875; Nellie, Feb. 20, 1880. Mr. Outland has been successful in his business career, having now 313 acres of land, the greater portion of which is improved; he and wife are mend)ers of the Free Will Bap- tist Church; he is a mendicr of Perry Grange, No. 1134. .TOSIAH PEELLE, farmer; P. O., Zanes- field; was born in Northampton Co., N. C, Ai>ril 30, 1817, son of Robert, who was a son of Edmond, a Quaker preacher. The Peelle family are of English stock, and can trace their family direct to Sir Robert Peel, of Englaiul; Josiah's mother was a Johnson, of Welsh descent, born in Southampton, 1796. She was a daughter of Demsey John- son, a Virginian, whose wife was Moning Johnson, who was a cousin of General George Washington. Demsey was drafted in W J^ 784 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. the war of the Revolution and served in that strujtfgle for lilicrty; Josiah came to Stark Co., in 1S40, and to tiiis county and township in the S))rinp of 1849; was inarriL-d A])ril 'i'), same year, to Melissa Ann Walkins, who was born in -Monroe T])., Oct. 27, 1S20, dau also. They are residents of Knox Co. Ezra, like his father, has always been a Democrat. He has 111 acres of laml located in this town- ship. JOHN PMMMER, hardware and grocer- ies; Zaneslield; is the eldest son of Benja- min aiul Sophia (L'nangst) Plummer; they were natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania; they were married in Logan Co., O.. whither thev had et)me with their jmrents when young; after their niarriage, they followed farming, and, except two years in .Aughiizi- Co., they have lived in this township since, ijy the marriage there were six children, four living, one of whom is John; he was born in .feft'er- soii Tp., Logan Co., ()., March 18, 1852; he lived with his parents until he was 24 years of ag(>. .June 22, 187lj, he married Miss Kate McCormick, a daughter of John and Mariana (Reynolds) McCormick; they were natives of Ireland; on coming to the United States, they settled in Chicago, 111., and later came to Lo- gan Co., O., and settled in Zaiu'stield, where they now resiile, he beinii- engaged in the tannery business. Mr. Joiin Plummer began clerking in his father's store when he was IS years of age, and when he became 22 he was taken as a full partner in the business, annch) Reauies. Jesse was born in 1801, in North Carolina, and when young, moved to Columbiana Co., (.)., where he was married May 1, 182'J, to Rebecca French, a nntivc ol that county. She was born Jan. 5, 1808, and was a daughter of Elijah and Susainiah (Curl) French. Soon after the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Reames, they moved to what is now Lciiran < 'o.. locating in JeH'erson Tp. Here Tliomas, our subject, was born, April 1!), 1828, and grew u]) at home. His father died April 3(1, 1.S54, and several years |)re- vious to his death was in poor health, and the care of the famiiv largely fell ujion Thomas, which duty he discliaiged to tlii> best of Ills abilitv. AVlien he bi'gan for himself he was poor; he worked out bv the ihiy and month, receiving therefor a small pittance; when he got ^1(1 pi'r month he thonglit he was getting money fast; April 11,1852, lie was wedded to .lane (.)ntland, born in Zaiie T])., A])ril 27, 1833. She was a daughter of Jeremiah and Martha (Butler) Outland, .leremiah being the eldest child of Josiah Outlaiul. After .Mr. Reames married he began renting, which he continued for fourteen years; in IH^O, he moved to his pn-sent Jilace of residence, which he liad bought five years previous; has 61 JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 765 150 acres and an excellent farm-house, newly built, and is now in easy circumstances, hav- ing reaped the rewards of hard labor and economy. He has two sons — James, born April 4, 1858, now in Perry Tp., and Leroy J., at home, born Dec. 18, 18(35. Mr. Reames has been a consistent member of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church for many years, and a class-leader for a score of years, and is one of the pillars of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and worthy citizen of the townshij). JOSHUA M. REAMES, mechanic; Zanes- field; was born on the homestead farm, July 8, 18^0; is the sixth child born to Jeremiah Reames. Up to the time he was 16 years of age remained at home, with his parents; at the age of 18, he went to learn the trade of stone mason and plastering, also learned the carpenter's and l)lacksmith's trade. In his 2'id year, Sept. :i9, 1848, he was married to Rebecca E. South wick, born Feb. "^3, 18'28, a native of Maryland; daughter of Ira and x\nn S. (Ely) Southwick; she died, September, 1871, leaving three children — T. Sylvester, born Oct. 20, 1848; Adda, now Mrs.'Thonias Garwood, son of David Garwood, now of Knappa City; and George, born Feb. 25, 1855. June 25, 1873, he was married to Rachel J. Collins, daughter of Daniel and Ann Unangst; has one child, Lena. In 18G3, enlisted in Co. H., 128th Regt., Q. V. I., and served nearly two years, and was then discharged on account of disability. In 1878, located in Zanesfield, yet has always been a resident of the township, and has never voted out of it; has been Street Commissioner for eighteen years; although master of the several trades mentioned, yet, lias of late years, con- fined himself principally to the trowel. His son, George C, was married Jan. 10, 1879, to Miss HetVie M'inder, born Sept. 21, 1857, in Zanc Tp., daughter of Edward and Mary (Williams) Winder. Mr. Winder is one of the stiiuneh farmers in Zane Township. JOSIAH REAMES, farmer; P. O., Zanes- field; is thi! third son, anol fourth child of .Jer- emiah and Matilda (Marinon) Reames, who were natives of Northampton Co., N. C. Jer- emiah was born Oct. 16, 1792, and emigrated in 1810, making the entire journey on foot, coming out with Josiah Outland, and a lady who rode a horse. Jeremiah was among the early pioneers in this county, and assisted in laying out the road from Bellefontaine to Co- lumbus, and other enterprises which date back to the early settlement of this locality. He located on the hill now occupied by Martin, his son, in 1818, and has siru'e that time been a constant resident; is vet living, but very in- firm; has been bed-fast nearly one year. When he came here, he could have entered land in the bottom, but thinking it worthless, located on the hill instead; here he raised his entire family; the greater jiortion of them are now in the township. Josiah made his fath- er's house his home until 1853; was then mar- ried to Nancy Reames, daughter of Vincent and Mary (^'assar) Reamnts: Chicka- saw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Rolling- Fork, ^ 4^—' ^ 766 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Haines Blviff, Cliainpioii Ilill, VicksbiiriT, Sii'fre of Vitksburjr. Culliorsvilli' anil Mission Kidge. At the battle o( C'dlliersville, he came out with seven bullet lioles in his coat, only one of the bullets drawing l)lood. Oct. 27, 1807, was married to Pearia Mcl.oskey, who was born Feb. 2, 1844, in JJi^arborn Co., Ind., and is a daughter of John and Amy (Fisk) McLoskey, who were both of Dearborn Co., Ind. Five children have been born unto Ezra and wife, but four are living — Evangeline, born Sept. 25, 1bert, .losiali and Melissa. All of the boys served in the late war and returned home. .lOnX HEAMES, fanner; P. O., Bellefon- taine; born in Northampton Co., N. C, .May 29, 1813, being the younn-est of a family of ten children born to ^^'iIliam and Naomi (Hohm) Heames, who came to this county in tiie fall of 1811, locating in the south part of the township, where Henry .Marmun now lives. Here the family remained until about the year 1824, when tliev moved to the northwest ])art of the township, and remaineil until the ilecease of William, which was about the year 1845, on the farm on which .John now resides. In 183(1 .lolm was nuir- ried to Sarah Littler, who was lidrn in 'Vrn- nessee; she died in 18(»3. Twelve children w(>re born to them; eight of them arc living — Eliza, the wife (jf George Kitchen; William, and Caleb Walter, of Illinois; also, Laban, in Kansas; Margaret, in Hoopston, 111., wife of Amos Perkitis ; I.\itlii>r, in this countv; and Charles, at home; also, William II. Hull, a step-son, at home, .\pril 111, 1H()5, was mar- ried to .Mrs. Isabel Bull, born ]}<22, .luly 27, in .\ugusta Co., Va.; ilaughter of Abram and Susannah Wunderli llarr; he was born 177fl; she, .March 2S, 17'.l(l; both in Pennsylvania; were niarrielialile men in the luwnship, up- right and straightforward, honest and consci- entious, I )em(iriatic in sentiment, and has served his townshi)) as Trustee for many years, and been a member of the Methodist E])iscopal Church for thirty-five years; has 13G acres of land in this townshiji. M. M. KEA.MES. farmer; P. O., Zanesfield; was born Aj)ril 1, 1824, in this townshij), on the homestead farm wIhmc he now resides, is tlu" fifth child of a family of ten children, born to Jeremiah and Matilda Reames. Martin was raised to hard labor, and had very poor school advantages, the time that most hoys were attending school, he was assisting his parents at home. At the age of 22, he was married to Keziah Heames, born July 21, 182 ilaughter of Silas and Bet- sv (Biihm) lieames, who were natives of North Carolina. Since the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Heames, thev have resided ))ermanently in the township, having never left the home- stead since thijir first occupancy. The resi- dence is situated on the south side ofthe ])ike, two miles east of Zanesfield, on the brow of the hill, which is about 125 feet above the level of the road, whi( h gives a magnificent view of the valley below. Here u))on this eminence is the home of M. M. Heam fri\es the following record — Adelia >i., born Nov. 0, 1847, died Jan. 24, 1 SCO; Margaret F., born Oct. 2(1, 1849, died Feb. 18, 1874; Mary E.. born April 2, 1854, Jere- miah v., born Dec. 22, 1857, died .Ian. 25, 18(i(); Lydia A., borp July 1(1, 18()1; James S., born " Sept. 25, 18()4. Marparet was the wife of James ^IcAtee. Adelia and Jere- miah died of scarlet- fever, and were buried the sann' day. .Mrs. Heames is a mendier of the Free Will Baptist Chiirch since IH51. 9(5 acres compose the farm, which is well keptaiid yields its owner a bnuntlful return. ' MHS. SAltAH HOBB, Bellefuntaine; was born in Chillici>tlie, Hoss Co., .Vug. 2K, 1S13; she was a daughter of .lolm Nelson, who was of Irish descent; her mother was of Welch, her name was Sarah Manpiis. He was l)orn Feb. 18, 1787, she July 12, 1789. Both were of Cross Creek township, Washington Co, Pa., ^ ^l^ JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 767 and emigrated to this State in 1813, first com- ing to Ross Co., and to Logan in 1831. Mrs. Robb was of a family of five brothers, and five sisters, all of whom settled in and about Beliofontaine. John Nelson died Feb. 15, 18T9, a man that was highly respected by- all who knew him, as a Christian man and a good citizen. Mrs. Robb was married to Joshua Robb March 15, 1832, who was born Sept. 12, 1806, and was a son of John. Her mother's name was Agnes Smith, both were raised in Pennsylvania. Joshua came West in 1831, after their marriage they lived for some time on the farm now owned by Wm. Scott, but suljsequently made several changes, in 185(1 located in the northwest part of the townshi]). He died Feb 21, 1873, of apoplexy. Nine children have been born unto them, who are Scott, born Dee. -1, 1830; Nancy L., Dec. 3, 1835; Emily, Jan 3, 1848; Robert L., April 15, 1840; Sarah M., March 19. 1843; Mary, Nov. 9, 1847; John W., Nov. 1, 1851; Smith J., May 1, 1855; Vance N., Aug 23, 1801. Of the number of children mentioned, several are deceased; of those living are Lott, in McPtierson Co., Kan.; Robert, now a phy- sician, ill Burlington, la.; Emily, now Mrs. Georg.^ I'enry, of this townshi]); Sarah M., now Mrs. J. K. Stephenson, of Lake Tp.; John W., in Miami; Vance C. resides with his mother on the farm, which is kept in true farmer-like style. Mrs. Rol)b is a memlierof the F'reslivterian Church. J. S. ROBB, M. D.; Zanesfield. Promi- nent among- the practitioners of materia medica in this county is Dr. Robb, who was born July 6, 1819, in Guernsey Co.; he was a son of Joshua and Mary (Marquis) Robb, both natives of Pennsylvania, the former fiom Fayette and the latter from Washington Co., Penn. The Doctor was of a family of nine children, he being the si.\th in order; his father served in the war of 1812, and took up his residence in Guernsey Co., O., soon after the war closed; he was a farmer, and to this vocation our subject was reared. At the age of 17 be entered Oxford College, and after three years' hard study, he began reading medicine, and taught school; in 184G, he graduated at the Ohio Medical College; began in practice at Ciiieinnati and was do- ing ail excellent business, when, his health becoming impaired, he came to Logan Co., and located in Zanesfield and engaged in practice; this has been his residence and j)lace of business since. Nov. 21, 1850, he was married to Alniira Hamilton, who was born Sept. 1. 1S22, in .Fefferson Co., O.; daughter of William and Margaret (Norton) Hamilton; two children have been born him — Charles, in 1853, now in Colorado, in the sheep business; Amanda, deceased, was born 1852, died 1SG9. The Doctor has been one of the leading physicians in this township for many years, and has been successful as a jjhysician and a business man, and been a friend to the poor and universally esteemed by all with whom he has been associated in a professional or social way; Democratic in sentiment, yet not radical in his views; rather, a liberal and rational reasoner in matters of religion and jiolitics. Since 1880 he has been confined to his house from the effects of a stroke of paralysis, affecting his right side; as to what the result will prove to be is not yet developed, yet it is the hope of his many friends that he may soon be re- stored. He was one of the charter members of Wapatoraica Lodge, I. O. O. F., 424, and has ever maintained aiid jjracticed the tenets of the order, with friendship, love and truth. BKXJAMIN .< SCOTT, wagon manufac- turer; Zanesfield; born Jan. 14, 1821, in Bel- mont Co., O.; the youngest of a faniilv of ten children born to Joshua and Elizabeth (Stan- ton) Scott. Joshua Scott was a son of Adam and Hannah (Mace) Scott; he was born mar Wilmington, N. ('., in 1709, and his father was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. Elizabeth Stanton was the eldest daughter of Benjamin and Abigail (Macy) Stanton, aiul was born in Carteret Co., N. C, Dec. 24, 1775. Abigail Jlaey was a native of Nantucket Isl- and, and was a descendant of Thomas Macv, who came from England to America in 1040, and, on account of religious intolerance in Massachusetts, removed with his family, in open boat, to Nantucket Island, an event cel- ebrated in later veais with consider.ible po- etic coloring- in one of Whittier's ])oems. Joshua and ElizLdjeth Scott, the parents of our subject, were married in their native State in 1794, and came North in 1802, stop- ping for a time at Red Stone, on the Monon- gahela; tiience to Jefferson Co., O.; after a short residence, came to Belmont Co.,0.,where 768 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Ben. S. was Ijoni ; here they cleared up a piece of land puioliased I'nim the Govern- ment. In A]iril, 1830, they sold out and came to Los^an Co., O.; purchased 100 acres of land west of Zanosfield, known as the "Grose Creek" farm; her(> his motlier died in ISS.j, beinar a woman of jrreat moral and religious worth. He was married the second time, and died in ISDS. IJenjamin S. was then in his I8th year; lived witli his uncle, IJenjamin Michener, until IS4<>, who resided near Zanes- ficld, and worked on a farm, attcndin<;- school dnrinp- the winter season; afterwards taujrht school; going to Urbana, learned the wagon- maker's trade; remained until 1845, when he came to Zanestield, and set up on his own ac- couTit, and has since been a constant resident of Zanesfield. May li, 18-t7, was united by marriage to Eli/.a A. Harris, cf Hichiand Co., O., in Nove.niber, \S'i'i, second daughter of William and Gulie K. (Gregg) Harris; her father %vas an early settler in Hichland Co., and was a soldier in Gen. Harrison's army. The Greggs came from the SheiKindoah Val- ley, in N'irginia, and were members of the Society of Friends, .'^ix cliildn ii have been born unto Mr. Scott and wife; two of them are married; Sallic is engaired in teachinir; Caroline and Kdwin are at home. Mrs. ."^cott, though raised a Friend, is, in common with her husband and tlwee chihlren, a member of the Baptist Chunh, and he is an active worker in the Sabbath school ca\isc. I\>litically .Mr. Scott was originally a Whig, but, since the dissolution i>f that party, has been an un- swerving III publican; was a private in the \'-i'it\ Ki'gt., <). N. G., during the cam|)a'gn of 18(i4, and has been several tiuu's ele(-t(>d as Justice of tin- Peace, and is one of the staunch and reliable citizens of this conimu- nitv. \V1I,I,I.\M.-((I|"|', farmer; I'.O., Heljefcm- taine. Anion'.r tli<' "ulil timers " and staunch representativesof this county, is William Scott, who was b.rrn in Mimroi- 'Pp., .lune IS, 1814; his father. Samuel, was born October 17,1778, in County Wexford, Ireland; his wife, who was the mother of William, was born February 28, 1786, in Sussex Co., State of Dela- ware; Sainuol Scott, was but five years of age wliiMi he emigrated to America; his parents located in Pennsylvania; in 1800 he (Samuel) came to Ohio, and to Logan Co., locating in Monroe Tp. about tiie year 1811, and for a time was out in the '12 war. Farm- ing was his occupation; though l)eginning poor, he became wealthy, being a very success- ful business man; he went to Chillicothe to pay lis first tax; of the family raised to ma- turity, were Margaret; Jane; Archibald, who was kill(Ml, when crossing the ])lains, going to California; M'iiliani; .John; \ancy; Eli/.a A.; Martha and Mary. Samuel Scott died Feb. 18, 1850; duiing his life was a very ef- ficient worker in tiie Mi'thodist K])iscopal Church, witii which he was prominently identi- fied as class-leader and steward, and gave of his means liberally for thi^ sup])ort and main- tenance of the gos])el, and the erection of churches. William Scott renu\ined at home until 183.i, and in October he was married to Emily (iillilan, born in A]iril, 1818, in Mason Co., A'irginia; her mother's name was Ed- wardson; soon after Mr. Scott's marriage he ])urchased the homestead \vhich he yet owns; in 1874 came to.Iell'erson Tp.; having the niis- lortune to lose his wife, he has since married Phebe Kllis, born in December, 1820, in Caiui- da; eight ciiildrcMi wi>re the fruit of the first niarriaue, and eleven by the last, of wliom but nineaic living, vi/: Archibald; Ellis; Charles; Laura H.; Iping; he has been very successful in his business career, having several hundred acres of land, and is now living in n- j ry, in Bokes Creek; Elizabeth, Thomas, AVil- i liani, Franklin in Lyon Co., Kansas; Julia at I home. Mrs Slonecker has been a membi-r of the Lutheran Church for forty years. He sent two boys to the late war, DavitI and Hen- ry; David was in the OGth O. V. 1., and Henry in the l"i8th. Mr. Slonecker is Democratic, and was elected Justice of the Peace, in the spring of 1880. JACOB M. SMALL, fanner; P. O., Belle- fontaine ; was born near Mariinsliurg, in Berkeley Co., Va., Jan. 1, 18153; there were seven children in the family, he being the fourth — five of the nvimber living; his parents were John and Elizabeth (Kilmer) Small; both were natives of the Middle States. .lacob came West in 1860, and was married, September 11, of that year, to Rachel H. Couchman, who was born in Chani[)aign Co., O., March ir, 1839; is a daughter of Slichael and Margaret (Grove) Couchman; he was from Virginia; she from Clarke Co., this State. After Jacob was married, he returned to Vir- ginia, and located on a portion of his father's estate. The war was in progress, and Jacob, with others, was conscripted and forced into the Confederate service, but iieing a peace- ably disposed person, not wishing to shoot or be shot at, he obtained a furlough for a limited time, but to this day he has never reported to his command. Coming West, his wife soon followed him, the Confederates having taken ever\ thing he had. Upon his return to this county, staid with his father-in-law one year, afterwards purchased a farm in Richland Tp., near the Reservoir, living there one V'oar; dis- posing of his farm, he came, in 18(55, to his present residence, where he has 107 acres of land, in the southwestern part of the town- ship. He has a family of four children, which are — Henrv H., Jacob M., John W. and Ann R. B. He is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, and his wife of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also a member of Jefferson Grange, No. 2d'2, and a member of the Repulilican partv. REV. LUTHER' SMITH, son of Rev. Elv and Amy (Emerson) Smith, was born at-Hollis, N. H., Aug. 11, 1800. After at- tending grammar school at New Ipswich, Londonderry, and other i)laces, he entered college at Brown University, from which he graduated in the class of 18"24; studying law at Hollis, he removed to Kentucky in 18^7, locating at Paris; he bought property about a mile from the village, and erected a suita- ble building and opened an Academy for the education of j'oung men. He conducted this for a nundjfr of years with (uninent success, as far as education was concerned, but finan- cially it was not profitable. In October, 1834, he was united in niarriag'e with Miss Lucretia Caldwell. Thev were the jiarents of two sons, James Emerson Smith and William C. Smith. Mrs. Smith inherited from her father a valuable tract of unim])roved land in Jefferson Tp., on which they purj)0sed settling and making a future home; but before this happy consummation she fell a victim to dis- ease, and died near Louisville, Ky. Mr. Smith was married a second time in December, 1845, to Miss Effie Moody, of Clifftoii, Green Co., O., after which he removed to the farm in Logan Co., on which a house had been built and some land cleared. Here he refnained until January, 1850, when he consented to take charge of the West Liberty Union School, then being- organized. Remaining there until April, 1851, he again spent the summer on the farm, but went to Northwood, teaching in the college during the winter. In the spring of 185'2, he returned to the farm, where he remained until April, 1855, when he again engaged in teaching at West Liberty. During his residence there, as one of the Trustees of the Presbyterian College, then ^ V ^ 770 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. (k'terininc'd on by the churcli, but not yet Idcatcil, li(> took a very active |)art in try- iiiir to sci'uro the establishment of the in- stitution at tiiat place. In 1858 he re- moved to Zani'stielil, and in IS.j'.t to the farm, where he remained until ISIO, when his sons took charge of the farm and he removed to Zaiiesfielil, where he has since resided. He connected himself with the Presbyterian Church in Rentu<'ky and commenced a course of theoloirical stiidj', at which time he was licensed to preach, but became dissatisfied ami abandoned the j)rofession. He, however, took an active j)art in the aflairs of the Churcli and, as noted in another connection, was a ruling elder and afterwards an ordained min- ister in the Zanesfield Presbyterian Church. He has been a man of active temiierament, and besides being prominently connected at one time with the Ohio State Agricultural Society, was one of the leaders in the liellelontaine & Delaware railroad enterprise. He has twice narrowly escaped death, once from being thrown fioma runaway liorse, and once iVom l)eing thnxvn from a wagon while the team was lurniing awa)'. In pobtics he is Di'inocratie, liaving once been honored with a norniinition for representative in Congress. D.Wll) SPRINGATE, farmer; P. O., Zantsfield; was born in Kent, England, Dec. •^8th, 181'.i, eighteen miles from Canter- bury; his parents were John and Sarah (\'ane) Springate; there were but two children born thnr- chasing forty acres of land, paying 'f',\ per acre therefor, and later he added to his first purchase, until he owned '.ViO acres. After a residence of nineteen years, he disposed of his interests there, and moved to his present place of abode, situated a short distance east of the town of Zanesfield, on the Martin Mar- mon farm, consisting of 153 acres. His wife's name was Mrs. Mary E. Fenton; maiiien name was Hogg; daughter of James and Elizabeth (Fenton) Hogg. James Hogg was born in Ireland; his wife in this State; both of them died when Mrs. Springate was a babe, and she was raised by her aunt. She was mar- ried to Mr. William Fenton Aug. '^O, 1S40; he died in 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Springate hav(> no cliildren. He is not a member of any orthoddx church, j-et is not unfavorably dis- posed to religion, and is liberally disjiosed to all creeds and doctrines. Politically he is a Republican. SILAS P. STRONG, farmer; P. O. Zanes- field; born May 10, 183t), in Hardin Co., in the town of Kenton. His father was Eri Strong, and a native of Oneida Co., New York, and came West about the year 1S;!2, and was a teacher by profession, and was (piite jirominently known as a successful educator Eri Strong marrieil Eli/alieth Baldwin (thi! mother of Silas), who was born in Champaign Co., in 1807. They came to Logan Co., in the. year 1844, locating in .lefferson Tp. He dieil in 1847; his wife died in Iowa, .Ian. o, 1871. At the age of 17 Silas begsn teaching, which he continuei! for several years; his labors ex- tended to Hardin, Champaign and Logan counties. Si'pt. 1, ISoU, he was married to Catharine lilakely, born in Knox Co., Feb. 8, 1838, and is a daughter of Richard and Eli/.alieth (Wallace) Blakely. The Wal- laces are from the Emerald Isle. In 1874, Silas located in Chanijiaign Co., and engaged in fiirniing. Came to this county in 1880. |iur- chasing the Robert Watkins farm, consisting of \'io acres, and is now settled for life, liav- iiiig. 11, 1830. He is the seventh child of a family of nine children that were born to .losepli and Margaret (Pierce) Wickershani. Joseph, the father of our subject, was a blacksmith, which vocation he aliandoned soon after he came to this county. Cyrus had learned the trade of a mason at the time he was of age, which he followed for about five years. At this time he and his brother .Job engaged in the cabinet business at Jerusalem, which busim^S-^ thev carried on for aliout twenty -f^ 4. 772 BIOGKAPHICAL SKKTCHES. years. He finally l)()u<^ht Job's interest, and conducttJ the business iiiinsell" until 1S7!I, when he sold out. Soon after his beainniiifj th child, Irene, wife of Mr. Charles W. Walkins, who is District Prosecutiuir Attorney, at Hunting-- ton, Ind. When Mr. Wickershani began business, $14 was all he had; he now has 400 acres of choice land, and one of the Knest farm residi-nces in the county, which was built in 18i'4 ; the inside work was done by cabinet workmen, the mouldings and doors out of the choicest woods of every hue of color and grain, all of which was carefully selected by Mr. Wickershani in years past; in short, for design and finish, there is not a. house ill the State that will excel it. ^\'llile the exterior is coiiimiindiiig, the insiile work far surpasses it. Farming and stock-raising is niiw his settled linsiiicss. .[OH WICKKKSHA.M, farmer; 1'. ().,Xew .lerusaleni; was born Dec. 3, ISIS, in Colum- biana Co.; is the eldest son of .loscpli and Mar- garet (Pierce) Wickershani, who came from Chester Co., Penn., in .June 181(>, and locat- ed in Columbiana Co., where they settled. He (.biseph) was Lorn in 1780, in Chester Co., Pi'iin.; his wife, .luly 14, 17113, in New Castle Co., Del. .fob came to this county in 1847, and followed the masons' trade a few years, then engaged in the cabinet business with his brother Cyrus, which business they conducted about a score of years; li(> also sold goods at Jerusalem, and in ISliS he moveil to his present place, and has since given his attention to farming. Aug. 17, 1843, he was married to .lernima Metcalf, who was born Nov. 18, 18'^3, and by her had two chihlren — Matilda Ann, now Mrs. Milton Fuson, in Ciiampaign Co., and Joseph P., in this town- ship. His wife died March 8, 1847; he was married May 24, 1857, to Ann E. Ely, born March 2, ISoil, and liy her had two children — V'iola J., born March "24, ISoS; she died Jan. n, 1862; Ely B., born Julv 8, 18110. His wife died Feb. 19, 1802. Aug. 12, 180.5, he was married to his present wife, Mary M. Ely, vvas l)orn Jan. 2, 1847; she was a daughter of Amos and Margaret Ely. Four children have l)l(>ssed this union, which are — Amy ]ro, born Nov. 10, 1807; Ivan Dio, April 20, 1870; Burke Hunter, Oct. 7, 1875; Roy Hinkley, Jan. 14, 1878. His farm, consisting of 224 acres, he runs in true farmer stjde; he has also 80 acres in Iowa. Aside from his farming interests, he takes great pleasure in hunting, and for the last thirty years has made yearly tri])s to Michigan, Wisconsin and the Canadas in quest of game; he is an expert hunter, a crack shot, and may be justly styled the Daniel Boone of ()hici. "MRS. MAHV A. WHlTEHll.E; Bellefon- taiiie; was born July 28, 1810, in Washing- ton C'o., Penn., and is a daughter of Peter Perrine. Her mother's maiden name was Keliecca Mar(|uis, and was born near ^\'ill- chester, Va. Peter was a native of Washing- ton Co., Penn., and emigrated to ^\'ayIle Co., this State, about the year 1819, and remained there until his death; he died in 1829. Aug. 28, 1834, Mary A. was married to .John White- hill, who was born in New York State, in the year 1813; he was a son of Hugh and Catha- rine (Messmore) Whitehill. They remained In Waj'iie Co. until 1844; they iiiovml to this county, and at first purchased only 50 acres, which is located in the northwestern part of the township, but added afterwards to the first ])urcliase until he owned 120 acres. lie died Oct. 20, 1809, of consumption. Eleven children were born; those living are — Re- becca, now Mrs. Elmer Sesler, of Kansas; James, of Bellefontaine; Elizalx'th, Mrs. George F^nsley, of Michigan; Sarah, Mrs. Samuel Sliurr; George; .Minerva, Mrs. II. Leister; Clementine; .lohn and Peter. Mrs. AN'hitehill, resides on the homestead farm, which she and the younger boys are managing. MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 773 MIAMI TOWNSHIP. JACOB AI.LINGER, miller; Quincy; was born in "Wurtemhurg-, Gennany, March IG, 18:!], and started lor America in 1840, witli liis latlier's family, and alter a voyage of thirty-five days landed in New York in June of the same year. He came with the family to Shelby Co., Ohio, in the followino- August. He is the son of Jacob J. Allinger and Mrs. Christena Allinger. His father pur- chased a farm in Shelby Co., on which lie remained until his death, which occurred in 1878. Mrs. J. J. Allinger, mother of Jacob Allinger, is still living. Mr. Allinger was married to Miss Elizabeth Steinmetz at Sid-" ney, Shelby Co., Ohio, in Feb. 1854. To this family were given six children — n fine, pleas- ant and industrious family. Mr. Allinger received all of his educiitiun in German}', which consisted of'about the same amf)uiit as would be received at th(> common schools in America. After arriving in Shelby Co. he worked with his father a short time on the farm; then, having an opportunity to learn mill- ing, he improved it, and remained in a mill in Shelby Co. until he purchased the mill prop- erty in Quincy, in 1871. As a miller Mr. Allinger has been a success; he has worked very hard, and to-day we can see the fruits of his labors in a fine farm and comfortable liuildings; a well-patronized mill, and every- thing t(j make himself and family comfortable. He IS a man respected by his neighbors, and an earnest worker in the interests of the neighborhood in which he resides. H. H. BARK, plasterer; DeGraft'; was born in Belmont Co., O., Ajiril 14, IS4(1. His father, Wm. Barr, was born in Harri- son Co., and was a blacksmith by trade, thoug'h since 1862 he has been engaged in farming. At that time he moved to Rush Creek Tp., Logan Co. Here he remained seven years, when he moved to Missouri, where he still resides. He is of Scotch Irish descent. Mr. Barr's life has been full of vicissitudes. His mother died when he was but six years of age, and during the next dozen years he went with his father into dif- ferent localities in five counties of Uiis State — Belmont, Morrov/, Marion, Guernsey and Clin- ton. When but 17 years uf age he enlisted into Co. A, 17th Vet. O. V. I.;" his regiment formed part of the Army of the Cumberland, and Thomas' corps of Sherman's arm}'. He joined his regiment at Chattanooga, Tenn., and was with it through all the Atlanta cam- paign, the march to the sea, repiaining until the close of the war, through a line of excit- ing battles, bringing a succession of victories, in many respects the most glorious of the war. He was in the battles of Peachtree Creek, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, .Jonesboro, Bentonville, besides other minor engagements. During his term of service he was relieved from duty six weeks, though not in the hospital; other than this he was always ready for duty; he was mustered out ut the close of the war, and immediately returned to Logan Co. During the two following yrars he attended school in Rushsylvania — a union school — in which was taught, part of the time, noiinal studies. Since that time lie has taught school for abovt four months of everv year. In 18G8 and 1870 he served his ap- prenticeship as plasterer, and in ihal trade has always had more than he could do. Mr. Barr settled in DeGralf in 1870, and the fol- lowing year was elected Justice of the Peace and Mayor of the village. To the latter office he was re-elected at the conclusion of his first term of olKce, and this position he now fills with credit to himself and satisfaction to the community. He was married Aug. 14, 1871, to Miss Jlary E. Stilwell, of Rush Creak Tp., who died in the month of Sept., 1874, leaving one son, John Barr. Mr. Barr married again, Dec. 25, 1875, Mrs. Lizzie Ellis, of DeGrafF. They have had two children, though one died in infancy, while the other, Luella, is now about three years of age. Mr. Barr was also in office before coming to DeGiaff, in Rush Creek Tp., Clerk for six years and Trustee for two years. As a faithful servant of the \ 774 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: peo])k' he is sure to receive greater iioiiors in the future. J. IJ.COITCHMAN, 1). I). S., dentist ; De- Graft': was horn in ('hani])aign Co., Ohio, 1853; his fiither, Micliael Couchman, was a native of Virginia, while his mother, Elizabeth (Neer) Couchman, was i)orn in Clark Co., (). Dr. Couihman ha- lie schools. He first coininenced stuitying dentistry with Dr. Gill, of West Liherty, Lo- gan Co., O., 1871. He attended the l^ila- delphia Medical College through one entire course of lectures beginning in the fall of 1873, graduating a doctor of dental surgery in the spring of 1874 ; he first settled to the practice of his profession in .Marysville, Un- ion Co., 0., where he remained about two and a half years. It was at this time that he married .Miss ilarv Henderson, of \Vest Lib- erty, — April ].5, 1874. They have oiu' daugh- ter, Einnui .May Couchman. in tlie fall of 1877 he settled in Di-GratV, and is building up a fine practice. J. H. D.M'HKNHACH, furniture; DeGralf; was horn .Ian. 1, iS4'.l, in lluiilington Co., Penn. Wlien he arrived at 12 years of age he commericed working out oti tlie farms near his own home ; at the age of 18 years, he came to Logan Co., ()., and settled at West Liherty : here he learned tiie joiner's trade of his brother, and in the summer worked at house carpentering and worked at cal)inct making in the winter. Hi; made his home with his brother, moving with him to Union Tp. This continued till Feb. ^H, 1878, when he married Miss Carrie A. Kinnon, whose home was in L'nion Tp. In the following October ho joined Mr. .Midhorn in the furni- ture business in DcCJnilf under the linn name of .\lc|ti(,rn & Dacheid)ach. April 1."), 187'.l, iiis brother, W. I'. Dacheiibacli, bought out Mr. Melhorn's interest in tlie business, and since that lime the business has been carried on by the "Dach.-nbach Hros." Having hcmi a worker in wood evi^r since he was 18 years of age, he is ahiuidantly competent to maim- facture anything that may be desired in the furniture line. W. P. DACHENBACII, cahinet-maker ; De Graff; was horn Se])t. 8, 1837 ; his parents were born in this country though the maternal descent was German. At the age of 18 years Mr. Daehenbach en- gaged in milling, which occupation engaged his attention till the breaking out of the war; he responded to the first call for volunteers, etdisting for three years in the 1st Peun. Re- serve Cavalry, 44th Heg. Vol., and coiniected with the Arniy of the Potomac. On the plains of Mainiassas he was detailed as Ser- geant in comniand of a squad of five men and ordered to report to Gen. Morrell, Div. Com., of Porter's Cor])S, to serve as "' hearers of dis])atches. " This position of resjioiisibility and danger he held most of the time during his service. Just before the battle of Antie- tani, at Brandy Station, he received a- slight flesh wound on his right wrist but still retainecl his place in the rank during the battle. .Xfti'r Hr.indy Station where the color-hearer of his regiment was killed he was ajipointed to that dangerous post. On the day before the bat- tle at Gettyshurn: he was relieved of this duty to hear an important dispatch from Tanney- town to Frederick City, a distance of '^'1 miles ; llii! dispatch was delivered in two hours aiul twentv minutes; ho mustered out at Philadelphia in l.'>(i4. The following win- ter he married .Miss Eliza .1. Fife, of Irish descent. The}' have five ehihh-en — three hoys and two girls : Anna Beatrice, Wni. Cook, Mary Viola, Bayard Taylor and .lohn Sidney. After his ret\wn from the war he engaged in milling for a single year, then for eight years he worked at cabinet-making in the winter and carpentering in ihe summer; he sold out and emigrated to Kansas, locating lirst in .Manhatlan where he remained for a brief period, when he moved to Pottaw.ittamie to engage in the inilling husiness. The grass- hoppers drove liiin away from there, so that he returned to .Manhattan, eiiiraging first in inilling and then in eahinet-niakiMg. In June 1874 he returned to Ohio and settled in Union T])., Logan Co., and for the following live years he worked at the carpenter's trade. At last, in the sjiring of 187!*, he removed to De Graff and joineil his brother in the furni- ture business. They have a full line of furniture constantly on hand and manufacture to order; also have added undertaking. LV.MAX A. DO.\.\. P. ()., De Graff; was horn in .Miami Tp., Logan, Co.. ()., Dec., IG, 1S43. His father, Lvinan Doaii, wa-s f MIAJII TOWNSHIP. 775 born in Connecticut, and in early life came with his parents to Washington Co., ()., and later to Logan Co. His mother Martha (Campl)oll) Doan, was born in Washington Co., liut lier parents were native of Ireland. Mr. Doan has passed the major ])art of his life on a farm — he remained on his father's farm until 19 years of age, when he enlisted in Co., E. 45tli O. V. I., in the army of the Cumberland, and was through the war. He was at the siege at Knoxville, and at Nash- ville. His regiment was soon detailed under Col. Woolford, to hold in check Morgan's raiders. He was taken prisoner by that force at Mt. Sterling, Ky. The place was sur- rounded, and after fighting, and under truce, surrender was demanded, but refused. The town was fired, and thej' were driven into closer (juarters and com])elled to surrender. The raiders now stole their suits and arms, and started with them to Charleston, S.C. After marching nearly a whole day, he was taken sick, and put in a wagon, and when the trains were doubling up a hill he stole two revolvers, and some amumnition, and escaped to the woods. The rebs. pursued, but missed him. He was cared for by some negroes, till Union troops arrived, and thus was saved from the horrors of Libby and starvation, whither the rest of the force went ; at Resaca he was wounded when on skirmish line, and lay in hospital till his reg-iment was discharged in the fall of 18(54 ; when he returned to Miami Tp., to work upon the home place, and here built himself a home. In 18G6 Nov. 20, he married Miss Mollie E. Lamphier, and they now have four children — .lohn ShermaTi, Martha, May C, and Anna. In the spring of 18T'.t he sold the farm, and moved to De Graft' to reside, at the same time purchasing another farm in Pleasant Tp., which he con- trols. He is held in esteem by his fellow citizens as a man of sterling worth. SAMUEL FRANTZ, tinner; De Graff-; was born in Logan Co., O., near Bellefont- aine. May 7, 1827. His parents, Abraham Frantz and Catherine (Hontz) Frantz, were both natives of Virginia; the third genera- tion behinil the present were natives of Switz- erland. His father was a farmer, and Mr. Frantz passed his youth on his father's farm. At the age of 20 years he left home to learn the tinner's trade; he passed the period of his apprenticeship in Logansville, Huntsville and Bellefontaine; then for two jears worked as journej'inan-tinner in several different places, when he entered into pirtnership in Huntsville; the firm was known as Foster & Frantz; here he remained five years. It was at this place he married, April 3, 1852, Miss Mary Ann Leonard, who died in October, 1855, leaving him with two sons, since grown to maturity. Frank P. Frantz, who married Miss Sal lie Gessner and is living in De Graff, and Sydney J. Frantz, who is working at the tinner's trade at La Rue. .July 1st, 1856, he married Miss Harriet M. Evans; by this union there were t>wo chil- dren — Miss Kate Frantz, who married S. K. Neer and resides in Do Graff', and Charles A. Frantz, who died Oct. 27, 187!), aged I'J years. After the five years in Huntsville, he spent two years in jcmrneynian-woik; then in the spring of 1851) he engaged in business at West Liberty under the firm name of H. W. Jones & Co.; and afterward at ^diiey on his own responsibility. This continued till the spring of 1862, when he sold out his business and the following two years he engaged in journey man- work; it was here he was bereft of nis companion Feb. 8, 186S. In 1804- he enlisted in the hundred-day service, 132nd O. N. G., and went through all their experiences at White House Landing, Bermuda Hundred, Petersburg and Rich- mond, and at the intrenched works near Norfolk; after this term of service had ex- pired he returned to his home, and ten days after his arrival he was drafted and was con- nected with the I'Jth O. V. L, a regiment, by the way, which he never saw; when the detachment was on the way to join their reg- iment they were given into the command of Sherman, joined his army at Atlanta and with him marched to the sea; was mustered out at the close of the war; he returned home, and in the following October settled in busi- ness in De Graff'. Jan. 19, 1866 he married Mrs. R. L. Thomas, of this place, and they have one son living — Sam. Cary Frantz, now 12 years of age, and one, Harry Frantz, who died when but 7 months old. On coming to De Graft', Mr. Frantz at first took charge of a tinshop which he soon purchased, and has since controlled; it embraces stoves, tin, glass and queensware. After this chequered 776 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: experience Mr. Frantz has settled into a Hourisbinjr business wliicli rmist lirinj;- him conip(!tencv and comfort. R. S. GII-CRKST, M. D., physician ; De- GratF; was born at .Mt. Vernon, Knox Co., O., Aug. .5, 18"^3. His latiier, Robert Gilcrest, was a native of Wasiiinj^ton Co., I'eini., while the patLMiial ancestry was Scotch-Irish ; his mother, .Jane (Fleniino;) Gilcrest, was also born in Washiiiiitori Co., May 22, l?!)4r ; but early moved with her ])ari'nt.s to IJarrislairii-, Penn., where she remained till lur niarriiijie, March 12, ISKJ ; tliey removed to Knox Co., O., in 1822 ; the father was an officer in tiie war of 1 81 2, and being a man of good busi- ness ca])aiity he was often chosen to fill places of honor and public trust. Dr. Gil- crest was reared in allluericarents are still liv- ing in Shelbv Co., on the farm where Dr. Hunt ])assed his youth. He had the advan- tages afforded by the public schools. He engag(Ml in the occu|)ation of teaching initil the year 18^4, when he connn<'need reading nu'dicine, at first with an allopathic jihysiinan for nearly a year, then with H. K. Beebe, M. D., of Sidney, ()., a physician of the Homeopathic school. In the fall of 1875 he went to Cinciiniati, (,)., and took three courses of lectures at the Pulte Medical College, gradmiting .Ian. 17,1875. Immediately after- ward he settled in DeCJralT to the |>ractice of his chosen profession, with results very flatter- ing. ]>rom'sing much for the future. Dr. Hunt married .Miss .losie \\'oollev, whose early home was in Chani|)aign Co. They have om- son — < )ra by name, at the present writing two years of age. j W.M. 11. IIINKl.K. I'ostnuisler ; 1 )e Graff; was born in the StaU- of Pennsylvania, Sept. 30. 1S4S. I lis parcMits, George and .Mary (Sullz- I baugh) Hinkle, were natives of Pennsylvania, n^^ ^ and are still living. His father moved to Ohio in 1855, and settled on a farm in Union Tp., Logan Co. It was on this farm that Mr. Hinkle passed his youth till 20 years of age, when he went to Illinois and passed one year in the Northwestern College. He then rented a farm, which he worked during the summer months, and superintended dur- insr the winter while he was engaffed in teach- ing ; and so passed a half-dozen years. Mr. Hinkle married Miss Esther Sager, Nov. 4, 1874, whose early home was in the county while the major part of her youth was passed in De Graif. They have one son — Earl Gr. Hinkle. In the fall of 1875 he came to De Graff and bought out a confectionery and res- tam-ant, to which he gave his attention for a single year, when he disposed of this business to enter into partnership with T. J. Smith in the boot and shoe trade. This partnership was dissolved in the fall of 18T8. In the fol- lowing April he received the appointment of Postmaster, and in the charge of the office at De Graff he is still to be found. Beside this he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Galer in the fall of 1878. AD HENDEKSON, farmer; P. O., De GVaff. Addison Henderson, (known only by his nickname, Ad,) was born in Loudoun Co., Va., Oct. 39, 1822. His father, Samuel Henderson, who lived to be nearly 90 years of age, was a native of Virginia. The pater- nal ancestry is of a hardy type, and lived to be near a hundred years of age; of Irish descent. His mother, Mary (Conrad) Hen- derson, was born in Penn., and probably of German descent. When Ad was about 13 years of age, he came with his parents to Springfield, O., and two years later moved to Logan Co., and settled in Pleasant Tp. He went two miles to school for all the learning he ever received ; he was compelled to feed stock on the way to and from school ; he says he had to work too hard to learn anything. There was so much work to be done that he went to Bellefontaine not more than twice a year; when he reaeheil his majority he received the outfit customary for boys at that time : "a freedom suit, horse, saddle and bridle." This outfit can only be described by himself. He remained with his father after attaining his majority till his marriage, which occurred May 22, IBoi. Miss Emily J. Strayer was the bride of his choice, and the event has proven the wisdom of the choice; she was born in Berk- ley Co., Virginia ; they have three children : Anna, born April 13, 1853, and now the wife of Wm. W. Hamer, living in Fowler, Ind. ; Wra. E., born Sept. 36, 1854, and married Miss Clara Riker, now living in De Graff ; and Mary L. still at home. After his marriage Mr. Henderson moved to the farm on which he is now residing, numbering 143 acres. Success has enabled him to add to this two other farms, which together number 180 acres. He turned his attention more to feeding stock for market than the growing of cereals. It is true,_ he raises large quantities of corn, but this is for feeding rather than for market; nor is he satisfied with an}' happy-go-lucky style of feeding. He has reduced it to a science, claiming to know how much pork can be made from a bushel of corn. Since this is no secret of his it may be well to give his experience, showintr that the amount varies from ten to eighteen pounds per bus- hel ; the lowest in winter the highest in summer. On this account he feeds in sum- mer, at which season he keeps from three to four hundred hogs. Mr. Henderson was in the army in '(14 in the 132nd O. V. G., and went through the experiences of that regiment at White House Landing, Betnnida Hun- dred, before Petersburg and Hichinond, and at Norfolk. He is a Republican in politics, with no desire for jtolitical preferment. S. P. HUSTON, farmer; P. O., DeGraft'. S. P. Huston was born in Hamilton Co., O., July 16, 1826. His father, Paul Huston, was born in Derry Co., Ireland, and his mother, Mary (Carothers) Huston, was born in the State of Pennsylvania. Accordingly the na- tivity is Scotch-Irish. His father was a farmer, and came to Logan Co., and settled on a farm in Miami Tp., when the subject of our sketch was but two years of age. On this farm he passed his youth, until he moved to his present locaticm on the adjoining sec- tion. Mr. Huston was married in the fall of 1S56 to Miss Elizalieth Bowman. At the time of his marriage he was engaged in teaching school. Her early home was in Pennsylvania, though in early life she came to Ohio and made her home in DeGraff. They have four children — one girl and three l)oys — Ella, now the wife of Frederick Melhorn, 778 BIOGRAIMI UAL SKETCHES: livinfr in Sedgwick, Kan.; Andrew B. Hus- ton, who will be old (?n<)ugrh to vote for Garfield, though uot old enough to vote at the State election; William P. and Clarence Ev- erett Huston. Mr. Huston's farm embraces \)^> acres, all arable and under a high state of cultivation. J. W. JAMES, cashier F. & M. Bank; De Gratf; was born in Clark Co., Ohio, in the year IS4;i; the remote paternal ancestry were Welsh; his father, Lewis .lames, was a native of Penn., anil died wiien Mr. .James was but 2 years of age. At the ago of 7 years, with his ste]j-father, he came to Ohio, and found a home in Logansville, Logan Co. Mr. James hail oidy the advantage of the ])ublic schools in his near vicinity; yet, judging from his success, one may unhesitatingly say, these ailvantages were all improved. In 18()3 Mr. James enlisted in the service of his country as a private in the 45tli O. \'. L; his regimeHt was placed under command of Burnside in the Department of the Ohio; with Gen. Burnside he crosseil the mountains of East 'reiincssee and engaged in the siege at Ktio.vvilli-; then foliowwd that long campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta undiM' Slurmaii, which concludeil with the battle of Jones- boro; here the army was divided, and the 4."ilh ri-turncd in the Department of the Cumberland under Gen. Thomas. In an en- ga)uartermaiiter of hisregimei.t when mustered out; after the close of the war he returned to the farm for two years; then he came to De GralT anrs' and .Merchants* Bank, located at De GralV. in ]S(i6 Mr. .lames married Miss Harriet Hauglnnan; they have two children — Bertha .M. and Addie. W. C. JOHNSON, merchant ; DeGraff ; was born in Port William, Clinton Co., O., in 1840. His father, Mormon .lohn.soii, was a native of the State of Pennsylvania. About a score of years ago ho was drowned in the Bokengehalas creek, which flows near De- (iratV into the Miami river. His mother, Eliza (Barclay) Johnson, was born in the State of Ohio, though her ancestry is of Irish na- tivity. Wiien Mr. .iolmson was twelve veafs of age, he came with his parents to Logan Co., when they settled in Qiiiiu'v of .Miami Township : alter a l)ri(>f stay they moved to West l^iberty, old}' remaining, however, about two years. Then alter nine years in Belle- fontaine they returned to Miami and settled in De Graff, where iJiey continued to reside, and where Mrs. Johnson is still living. Mr. Johnson early learned the trade of a plas- terer, but on coining to DeGraff he engaged in the grocery business. After a single year he transferred his business to (.^hiincy, but at th(> end of seven months lu; sold out ami went to Svdney to take charge of a hotel. Ne.xt we lind him clerking in the dr\' goods store of J. S. Fleming, in \\'arren Co., Ind., where another vear of his i^ventful life was passeil. Then he moved to Stark Co. to engage in his early trade ; thence to Paulaski Co., to en- gage in the grocery business, but after two months sold out and went to Tippecanoe to work a single season at his early traile. lie now returned to De Graff, where he has sinue lived, or made his head(|uarters while travel- ing. About two years since Mr. .lohnson established himself in tlu< grix;ery business. His establishnuMit is strictly groceri»s, of which he has a full line, displayed with good taste, and his business is llourishing. Dec. 11, l^CS. he nunried .Miss .Mary O. N'iil. of 1 )e Ciraff. They have two children — Charles .M., 10 years, and Edith, fi years of age. Mr. Johnson and his son arc members of the .M. E. Clnnvh. Now in the ])riiue of life he is regar-sician; De- Graff. M. A. Koogler was born in (ireeii Co., O., Feb. 2-i, 1848. His father, .Matthias Koog- ler, was a carpenter bj' trade, and a native of Wreen Co., while his mother was a native of ^'irginia; their pro<>:i'iiitors were Germans. When his father moved to Logan Co., which 2 k^ k MIAMI TOVVAoHIP. 779 was in 1851, he settled on a farm in Miami Tp.; it was on this farm that Dr. Koogler passed his youth, until 18 }'ears of age, when he came to DeGraflf to attend school. We next find him in the Ohio Wesleyan Univer- sity at Delaware, where he remained hut a short time, i>-oino- from thence to Wittemburg Colleire. He located in Springfield, Ohio, where he remained two years. In 1871 he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. J. A. Brown, of DeGraff, and graduated from .fefferson Medical College at Pliiladelphia in 18?!:. After graduation he immediately loca- ted in DeGraff, and has rapidly developed a fine practice, holding at the present time an enviable place, in the estimation of the public, a'* a medical practitioner. In ISTJi Dr. Koog- ler married Miss Clara V. Li])pincott, of De- Gralf. A fact connected with the Doctor's life we neglected to mention — he was a sol- dier in the late war — a fact which one may well remember with pride; he was only 10 years of age when, in 1 8(5-1, he lan away to enlist; though it was but for .i hundred-day service in the 13"2nd O. N. G., he yet saw con- siderable active service; the regiment was first ordered to Washington, Arlington Heights, Bermuda Hundred; thence in the operations on .lames River, around Peters- burg and Richmond; thence to an intrenched camp near Norfolk. JOHN KELLY, JR., liveryman; DeGraff. John Kelly, .Ir., was born in Monroe Tp., Logan Co., March "23, 1852. His father, John Kellj', Sr., and his mother, Permelia (IJowney) Kelly, were both born in West Virginia, and lived among the pioneers of Logan Co. Until he was 25 years of age Mr. Kelly, Jr., passed the time on his father's farm. At that time he connneneed speculating in stock — buying and sbi])ping cattle, sheep and hogs; from his father, however, he inherited a natural propen- sity for trading in horse-flesh, and for more than a dozen years he has been engaged in this direction. For a brief time he engaged in the livery business at West Liberty, but in February, the present year, he bought out the same business in De Graft'. His experience has made himagood judge of horse-flesh, thus eminently fitting him for his work. His stable and carriage barns have lieen fitted up under his personal supervision, and are neatly ar- ranged and well adapted to their purpose, and here he is always ready to oblige his custom- ers with a neat and substantial turnout for riding or driving. A. C. LEACII, farmer; P. O., Quincy. A. C Leach was born in 1821, on the same farmed now owned bv him, and alsn the farm that was originally entered by his father. He is the son of John and Ellen (Campbell) Leach ; his father was born in 17!)2, and died in 1860 ; his mother was born in 1788 and died in 1861 ; both came from Pennsylvania in their childhood with their parents, and ' were married in Adams Co., O. John Leach was in the war of 1812 on what was called the " General Call '' from five counties, and was out about three months. He settled on the farm that is now occupied by his son, A. C. Leach, about 1815. He held the oflSce of Justice of the Peace for nine years, and a little incident will serve to show the confidence the people had in his justice. A doctor by the name of Lord, of Bellefontaine, held an ac- count against a certain man nameil Hanloj' ; this man being poor did not employ legal as- siatance, while Dr. Lord did ; after the man of legal lore had spoken his piece, Squire Leach asked Haidey to defend the case, his remarks were something after this sort: "1 have not much education, but I am not afraid but what Stjuire Leach will do me justice, if the ].,ord in on the other side. " A. C. Leach was married to Miss Rosanna Kirk- patrick, of xV^ams Co., O., in 1845 ; she how- ever, did not live but about five years, and Mr. Leach deemed it best to marry again which he did in 1851, to Miss Sarah Johnson, of Shelby Co., (). Tlu; family of children consists of two boys and one girl. He has held the office of Trustee of the Township fourteen years, and has been one of the sup- porters of the interests of the township in which helives. He was raised in the United Presby- terian Church, and as a member of that body has been a standard-bearer for right, and has been anElder for twenty-eight 3-ears. His farm consists of 167 acres of fine farming lands, un- der agood state of cultivation, with comfortable buildings, good fences, and everything per- tainino- to a well regulated farm. In his youth he did not have the advantages for an education except a few weeks in the winter, and some winters, not at all ; but Mr. Leach is a persistent reader of the newspapers. ^■: 'ii 780 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: keeping his mind well stored with useful knowledge. C. A. -MILLER, jeweler; Do Graff; was born in Bellofoiitaine, Ohio, in 1858; his father, ^Yilliaul Miller, is still living in Bellefontaine. During the late war, he was employed in the quartermaster's department in the State of Kentucky, at Lexington, and young Miller was with him, being then but a child. In 1868-Clt, Mr. Miller was in EvansviUe, Ind., I)ut soon returued to Hellefoiitaino; Ije- ing a jeweler by profession, his son had a nat- ural taste for that line of em|iloynieiit, and when the father returned to the latter |)lace, he coniineJiC'Ml working with him ; here he rcinaineil till 18^8, when he came to l)e Graff to engage in business for himself. His line of gootls is far more complete than would be expected in a place of its size, while his ex- perience and native tact enable him to do anything in his line in the way of repairing or manufacturing. L. M( ALK.KANDEll, lumberman; De Graff; was born in Adams Tp., of Cham- paign Co., ()., F on a farm on the line between Harrison and Adams Tps., of Champaign ("ounty, and here the subject of our sketch passed his minority; upon at- taining his majority he hired out to S. H. Thatcher as tireman and engineer in the saw- milling establishmiMit so long controlled by that gentleman, ami renruned for a jieriod of years. Jan. 14-, 187"', he married Miss Emily Inez Thatcher, daughter of his em- ployer, and tiiev have one daughter — Dora IJellc Mc.Mexaiider. For three years longer he continued in the milling business with the Thatcher IJros.; he then purch:ised a farm near De Ciraff. which he worked for the fol- lowing four years, when an op|)ortunity was offered for trading his farm for a third interest in the saw and planing mill and lumber yard of the Thatcher Bros.; having availed him- self of this opportunity, he engaged in this business for which his experience so well adapted him, and in this occupation we still find him. . S. K. NEER, Hardware; De Graff; was born in Concord Tp., Cham])aign Co., in 1855. His father, Jesse Neer, and his mother, Mrs. K. (Shriver) Neer, were natives of that county though their ancestors were from Virginia. His father was a farmer, but when young Neer was abcmt 'ik years old the father came to De Graff to engage in the milling- business, which he followed till his death, which occur- ren when .Mr. Neer was but 8 years of age. Besides the advantages of the public schools he attended the Business College at Oberlin one year. On his return he entered Farmers' and Merchants' bank, as assistant cashier, which position he held for about five years. He bought out ]>. H. Cretcher in the hardware business in 1875, in which he is still engaged. His stock is quite extensive, being also of the best (piality. Mr. Neer married Miss Kate Fiaiitz, of De Graff, and they have two children — Homer and Harry Neer. PA U L F. PET E H S, flori St ; 1 )e ( ; ra If. Pan 1 F. Peters was born in the kingdom of Saxony, Germauv, .March "25, 1855. His father was a florist to Piinz Heinrich, C7th, and from him leaiiu'd the art of floral culture. The laws of the land demanded two vears of military ser- vice, aiul to escape this demand he left for Brazil in 1873. Heie he workeil as florist, having charge for a year and a half of a large garden belonging to Peisher & Co., and after- ward about the same length of time for other parties, making rose culture a specialty. He then came to Cincinnati, t)., where he re- mained two years. Next, for seven months he had charge of the farm antl flower gardens of Kentucky I'riiversity at Lexington, Ky. Then for six months was in ])artnership with his brother in Cincinnati, growing flowers for the general nuirket ol that city. This iiart- nersliip bc>ing dissolved he came to De (irafV, where he is now engagi-d in his favorite work. Having devoted the attention of his past l\fe to the work of the florist, he is enabled to make of it a grand success. DAVID A. PIATT, merchant; Quincy, was born near West Liberty, Logan Co., MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 781 O., Oct. 3, 1844 ; son of David P. Piatt, and Sarah (Askren) Piatt. His father and motliei- both moved with their parents to West Liberty, wlien they were cliildren, the father from Eli/abethtown, Lancaster Co., Penn., and his mother from Fa- yette Co., Penn. The dates of their birth beiii^ — the fatiier Aug. 25, 1806, mother's, Feb. 12, 1800; they were married Nov. I'J, 1829. Mr. David P. Piatt, was a member of Kreider Lodge. F. & A. M., and in assisting in the care of some member's family, contracted the disease of small-pox, of wliich he died, Feb. 17, 18li5. He was a farmer for sometime in West Liberty Tp.; he however traded his farm for property in Quincy, and went into the business of store-keeping. He held the office of Justice of the Peace, and several minor offices. The post office was kept in his store from the first of its opening; after his death the post office was kept by Miss Isabel Piatt until 1877. When David A. Piatt was but one year old he came with his parents from West Liberty to Quincy, and on Nov. 8, 18150, married Miss Rose Anna Castenborder ; they now have four children living, the names and dates of birth in order are — Lulu Belle, Oct. 7, 1867 ; Ora Estelle, July 20, 1870 ; David Corwin Nov. 3, 1876 ; Princess Joanna, July 28, 1879. • He commenced keeping store in Quincy, March 8, 1873, and as he had only the advantages of a common school education, he has had to do a large amount of reading and stuiJying, to keep pace with his business and the times. He entered the late war in March, 1862, enlisting under Cap. Nicholas Trapp ; and was in the service for three years, in the 1st O.VJ. and was in a number of battles, always readv for dutv, and came out of the many engagements without a wound. As a soldier, he aec|uitted himself with honor to his comitry. And to-dav we find him in coml"ortable circumstances, keejiing a store well stocked with goods pertaining to a first- class grocery, a mendier of l.O.O.F., Lodge No. 285, also a member of the Baptist ("hurch: he is not satisfied with being a member only in name, but carries it into his business, and adheres to the aolden rule. GEO. G. POOL, farmer; P. O., De Graff. Mr. Geo. G. Pool was born in Shelby Co., O.. one mile north of Sidney, May 13, 1827, son of Rev. Geo. Pool and Mercy (Wilkinson) Pool. Rev. Mr. Pool came to Ohio about the year 1812, and was drafted about as soon as he arrived here, Mrs. Pool coming with her parents when she was but a child, and settling near LTrbana, Shelby Co., O. They were mar- ried Sept. 8, 1814. G. G. Pool was married to Miss Chloe McKinnon in 1850 and settled in Logan Co. She was born in Clark Co., and came to Logan in Marcli, 1836. To this couple were given — Daniel H. (deceased), G. W., Marv J., Thos. W. (deceased), Emma, J. W., Alfre, 187'.), he again married Miss Elizabeth R. Anstine and thev have one son. JOHN F. RKXER, oabinot-maker^ De Gratl"; was born in 1834, in Wurtemburg, Germaiiv; his father, Geo. F. Rexer, diedin Germany, while his mother, .Mary .Iane(Slioii- har) Rexer, is still living, dividing her lime among her three children, Mr. Rexer, a brother ill Mellefoiitaine, and a sister ill Dayton; Mr. Rexer came to America with his brother in 1854, and after a brief stay in Xe\y York came direct to IJellen laiiie, ().; he had learned the cabinet-maker's trade in Ger- many, and to this he turned his attention part of the time, and part of the time was house-carpenter, during the year spent at Hellefontaine and the lollowing ten years at IJrbana, Champaign Co.; he then moved to De Gralf, where he has since remained em- ploying his time whcilly in the cabinet- maker's trafle and in undertaking; he has constantly on ham! a full line of furniture, whih- his long experience renders him coni- jietent to manufacture anything in his line to suit the taste of hiscuslumers. .Mr. Rexer married, in the spiiiig of 1801, .Miss Jane .Moony, of I'riiana, who jiassed the first of hc-r lifi! till 15 years of age in Ireland. Tliej- have five chililren — three boys and twogirls — whi>se iinnies and ag.-s are as follows — John F., Jr., IS years; lizzie, M visirs; Charles, 13 years; William, 11 y<'ars, and Ella, 4 years of age. C. L. ROCJERS, carriage-maker; De (iralF. I C. L. Rliii Wesley, "who will attain his majority in time to vote for Garfield; " and Lloyd, now 7 years of age. Mr. Thatcher has been a member of the M. E. Church for !J3 years. In l.SiO' his hearing became impaired; an official member. Trus- tee, class-leader, steward, Sunday School sup- erintendent and exhorler. H. C. TH.VTCHKi;, lumberman; De Graff. H. C. Thatcher was born in Greene Co., O., Oct. 9, 1843. When but 7 years ol age he came with his parents to Champaign Co., where he resided until Feb., 1877, when he came to De Graff to join his brother in run- ning a saw and planing mill and lumberyard. The most eventful part of his life was the three years spent in the service of his couji- try. In May, 18G1, he enlistee! in Company H, of the old Gth O. V. \. The regiuiciit was referred to Buell's Command, Nelson's Divi- sion, Ammon's Brigade, and was in the en- gagements at Laurel Hill and Carrack's Ford; then for several months was engagi'd in a guerilla warfare, in which there were «piite a luiniber of battles — Uich .Mountain, Beverly, Tigris Mountain and Clu-at Moiuitain. At Tigris Mountain he was one of tlie picket guard who fired on Gen. 1{. E. Lee and Col. .John A. Washington when the tormer was wounded and the latter killed, and his remains brought within the Union lines. In Novem- ber of that year he, witii his regiment, again joined Buell sCommaml. During the follow- ing winter ho contracted the measles, and was sent to the hospital; the disease left him luifit for duty, and in July, 18(i'-2, he was discharged from service. In March, 18()4, his health re- gained, he again enlisted, this time into the tJOth O. V. L, a regiment of veterans, and belonged to Company G. He joined his reg- iment at Bridgeport, Ala., .\pril 1, and was, with his regiment, under Shcrnwin thiough his most glorious career — that "■march to the si-a,"' and "on to Richmond, ' and the grand review at Washington, when mustereil out;, July 15, 18(15 — a cam]iaign which every soldier who took part in it is jiroud to recall. He was thro\igh this entire campaign, and, a.s it hap|)ened, was among the first men to enter Atlanta and Savannah. In all his army ex- perience he never received a scratch, though in .some of the severest fighting of the war. .Mr. Thatcher was married July 'i, 18ti8, to Miss I'hidella McCrosky, of Champargn Co. ivy MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 785 They have had six chiklren, though two died in itil'aiiey, while four sons are still living — Edwin, Aria, John Wesley and Samuel Her- bert — lour to tight or vote lor the weal of their country. Mr. Thatcher was bereft of his wife Aprd 10, 1880 — "the hardest blow of his life." He has been a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church since February, 1864, most of the time in an official capacity, serv- ing as steward and class-leader. At present he is a member of the Town Council of De Graff. A. WELLER, druggist ; De Graff. A. AVeller was born Jan. 15, 1833, in Augusta Co., Va.; his remote ancestry was Ger- man ; his fatlu'r, .John Weller, was a native of Virginia, tlioug'h in 1837, when young Wel- ler was only 4 years of age, he moved to Ohio, bringing with liim a wife and three children, and settled on a farm in Cliam]);iign Co. It was on the farm that Mr. Weller passed his youth ; when he arrived at IS years of ag-e he went to school, at Tiffin, thence to Springfield, altogether about two years, when his health prevented further study. He then engaged in the drug business, in St. Paris, Champaign Co., for one year, when he again returned to the farm. At length, in the fall of 18(jl, he came to De Graff, Logan Co., and again engaged in the drug business ; here he has since made his home and this business has always engaged his attention with the exception of a brief interval passed in'the grain trade. Mr. Weller was married in 1857 to Miss Ellen Partington, whose earlv home was in Sheliiy Co., O. The}' have five children — Charles, 18 years of age ; John, 16 ; Nellie, 14 ; Fannie, 1'^ ; and Jose])h, 6 years of age. During the war Mr. Weller had charge of the post office in De Graff. He has been Treasurer of the Corporation, and at the present writing is Land Assessor, of Miami Tp., for the decennial appraisement for 1880. His business is large and flourishing, including besides drugs, books and notions, paints, oils, etc.; he is also proprietor of " Weller's Hall," fitted up for dramatic repre- sentations, commodious and attractive, and generally acknowledged as the finest in the countv. R. t. YOUNGMAN, merchant; De Graff; was born Nov. 20, 1818, in Baltimore, Md.; his father was a native of Canada though the paternal ancestry was German. Mr. Young- man's youth was passed with his parents in Baltimore where he learned, through regular apprenticeship, the handling of the goose and shears; when about 32 years of age he went to Berkley S])rings, Morgan Co., Va., to engage in the work of the tailor; here he remained about two years, when he came to Ohio and settled in Logansville, Logaii Co., where he made his home for near a quarter of a century; at first he was employed as tailor, then as merchant tailor, and as time passed he was able to enlarge his business still further; in 1852 he commenced merchandiz- ing and has continued ever since, though about 1868 he changed his business to De Graff, where he also resides; his establish- I ment is large, well-appointed, with a well- assorted stock of dry goods and clothing. At Berkley Springs Mr. Youngnian married. May, 1842, Miss Susan Ambrose, whose earlv home was in the near vicinity; they had three children — Harriet L., the wife of Mr. Peter Hanks, now residing in Pleasant Tp.; William M., who married Miss Marietta Huling, and now living in Marion, Ind.; David T., married Miss Mollie Fairfield, of New Castle, Ind., and is now living in Belle- fontainr ; when Diuid T. Youngman was an infant his mother died; Mr. Youngman mar- ried, Aug. 20, 1850, Sarah Keifer, whose early home was near Springfield, Clark Co. O; their family is as follows — Mary Ellen, born Jan. 14, 1852; Annie Margaret, Dec. 6. 1853; Horace N., Sept. 2l, 1856; Es- telle E., July 27, 1858; Minerva I., April 10, 1862; of these Annie is married to Wm. P. Marion, ass't editor of the J>vmorr((( at Kenton; and all the family are members of the M. E. Church. 786 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: UNION TOWNSHIP. SA.MIKI. AT-EXANDKI?, taniMT; W ()., ^V^!St LiljiTty ; was born SeptcMiiher 16, lS-^5, in Juniata Co., Penn.; iiis lather, Wil- liam and his mother Elizaiieth (.Mc Gee) Alexander came ta, Illinois, besides spend- ing a short time in Michigan and Indiana ; he then returned to his father's in this county March 24, 1875, and one year later he went to Wayne Co., where he worked about a year; in the fall of 187G he visited the Cen- teiniial Exhiliition, and returned to Wayne Co., where he married Hariiet Voder, Jan. 30, 1877; she was born March 29, IS.iS, in La Grange Co., Iiid.; is the daughter of Israel Voder, who was born Aug. 7, 1)S17, in Tuscarawas Co., ()., (and moved to Indiana, but returneil to ( )hio. settling in AVaync Co., in 18li:i) ; Mrs. Voder's maiden name was Fainiie Voder; she was born .Inly 1.5, 182.") ; they were married June o, 184."), and had ten children — Yost, born May 23, 184'.t ; Rachel, Dec. 3, 1851 ; Ei)hraim, July 28. 1854 : .Mag- dalene, (deceased) Aug. 37, 185(3 ; Harriet, March 2'J, 1858 ; Leah, Nov. 29, 18(J0; Atina, Jan. 21, 1S()3 ; Abner (deceased) March 3, 1804; Lucy Ann, Sept. 18, 18G5 ; Rudolph, Dec. 5. 18(j7. In a few weeks after marriage Mr. Hvler and his wife moved to this county, Feb. 19, 1877; they lived orie year in Cham- paign Co., and the rest of the time in Logan Co. He is now a tenant on tlie ".loci Zook " farm. .Mr. and Mrs. Byler are members of the \\'alnut tJrove Orniish Church in this township. JOII.N" H\LEI! (.h'ceased); \\'<>i Lib- erty; was born in .Milllin Co., I'enn., Oct. 23, 1809; he was reared to farm life, and lived will] his parents until 21 years of age, ami, being the eldest of a family of twelve children — nine boys and three girls — ho had to tlo for himself soon as he was of age; Ik; began to work by the month on a farm, and spent five years, working by the month, with several ))arties. His marriauH^ was <'elel)rated in Janiuirv, 1^311, with Miss Fannie Zook. She was a ilaughter of Joseph Zook, and a native UNION TOWNSHIP. 787 of tlie same county as her husband, and was born Jan. 22, 1813. Shortly after their mar- riage they moved onto a farm of his father- in-law's, in .luniata Co., Tuscarora Valley, where they lived thirteen years. They then moved back to Mifflin Co., and lived with her father two years, and in the spring of 1852 Mr. B\-ler came out to this county and bought a farm, and then I'eturned to Pennsylvania and ])ri'])arod lor moving out here. Accord- iiigU' tliey started with their family of seven children, and arrived here in Aug., 1852; that fall and winter they passed in a house west of where they now reside, and moved to their own farm in the spring of 1853. Their children were all born in Pennsylvania; Christopher was born Jan. 2, 1837, and died here Oct. 30, 1860; Martha was married to Daniel ^Toder; she died, leaving two children — Christopher and John; next were Joseph, Levi, Mary, Fannie and John. Joseph and Levi are both married, the former living on oart o'' the estate in this township; Mary and fohn are still living with their mother on the old homestead; Fannie married Christoiiher King, and resides on her part of the old iiomestcad; they have five children — Mary A., Sarah B., Andrew, Shem and a baby. Mr. Byler owned, at the time of his death, 317 acres of well-improved land, whereon he had good home, at which he died June 9, 1875. Mrs. Byler is healthy and young looking for oni! of her ago, who has done so much hard work in her early life; is both hospitable and pleasant, and is very capable of attending to her own business affairs. The family belong to the "Walnut Grove" (3rmish Church. .fOSEPH C. BYLFR, farmer; P. O., West Libertv; was born Oct. 19, 1841, in Mifflin Co., Penn. He is the son of John and Fannie (Zook) Byler, whose sketch appears lU this work. He came here with his parents in 1852, and lived with tiiem until 28 years of age. He then married Sarah E. Stutzman, Feb. 28, 1870. She was born May 25, 1851, in Fairfield Co., Ohio, but came here in 1809, then returned to her home in Fairfield Co., where they were married; shortly after their marriage they moved to the farm where they are now residing. Mrs. Byler's pare nts, Solomon S. and Lydia (Byler) Stut/man, were natives of Pennsylvania, and moved from Mifflin Co. into Fairfield Co., O., where they were married and remained until 1876, when they moved to Champaign Co. They had been there only a few months when Mr. Stutzman died, leaving his wife, one boy and girl; of their family ot eight children only those two and Mrs. Byler survive. Both Mr. and Mrs. Byler are members of the South Union Ormish Church. DAVID CULP, farmer; P. O.. Bellefont- aine; was born S pt. 30, 1813, in Rocking- ham Co., Va.; hig lather (Henry Culp ) was a miller by trade, and moved to Virginia when young-; there he married Frances Funk; they had eleven children and were in rather poor circumstances; in the spring of 1830 ho thought of emigrating to the West, so he started out on horseback to find a location, and came into this township, and entered 40 acres in the west side of the township in the ' fal- len timber" district, and began preparations lor the family moving thither; in 1831 his family, one son-in-law ( Sam Clator), a vi^idowed daugh- ter and her three children, about fourteen or fifteen persons in all, set out from Virginia with a three-horse team (and poor ones, too), and one wao-on; they arrived here in the fall and put up in the cabin which had been prepared lor them; two sons — Jacolj and Joseph, fol- lowed the next year. They improved the 40 acres of Government land which they had entered, and got along nicely in the new country, until death called their father from further cares in 1838; and soon each one be- gan to do for themselves; their mother died in Fairfield Co., in 1845, where she had gone to visit relatives' David is now the only one of the family who resides in this county; he worked by the month for some time in the vicinity of his early home, and on Oct. 16, 1841, he married Catharine, daughter of Fredrick Mohr; he then purchased 50 acres m the south of this township, which he im- proved and lived upon for sixteen years; and in 1857 he sold that and bought the farm of 160 acres where he now resid. s and on which he replaced the old log-cal)in by erecting a good, two-story brick residence; they have had ten children who are now nearly all do- ing for themselves — Frederick in iMissouri, George in this state, Jolm in Missouri, Chris- topher in this state, Joseph (deceased), Aaron in Missouri, Mary, now Mrs. John D. Keller, Martha A., now Mrs. Jas. E. Bosserman, of ^FU .f 788 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Missouri, Franklin and Andrew wlio live at home with their parents. .Mrs. Culp was boin in Lancaster Co., Penn., Dec. 'iii, ISi'i, and came hero with her lather's t'aniily. Mr. iiMil .Mrs. Culp are niemljers of the (Jer- mHii Biptist Church in this lownsliip. JOSKPH HAKiy.l,l';i{, larnier; T. O., West Liberty ; was born in .Milllin Co., Penn., March 'i7, IH'i'i ; lie is thi; tentii in a iamily of twelve children ; the elder ones of the fatnily were willed the real estate by his father, while the youiij^er ones were paid in cash whatever their portion amounted to ; Joseph receiving as his share about ^1.800. liavinj^ been roared to farm life, he hired out to work by the month when 19 years of age, and remain- ed in his native State working by the month, four years ; when 'i'i years ol age he came to Cliaiiipaign Co., O., where he worked one and a half years, receiving as wages §15 per month. He then came to Logan Co., where he married M.iriha Voder, Nov. 17, 1859 ; she was born in Pennsylvania, JJec. 12, 1838, and came here witli her father's family when about 9 years old. They have two children — Amos Y.,and Lvilia B. About three years after thej' wert! mariied ihey purchased forty-five acres of the farm they now own, and in 18(50 they purchased eighty acres, aggregating 125 acres, all well improved, and is one oi' the commodious farms of this township on which the owners are prepared to enjoy the fruits of their early industry. They are both members of the Ormisli Church anil have been for miiiy years, Mr. llartzler having joined the church when he was yet in Pennsylvania. His parents were born in Pi-tnisylvania, but of Gennan descent ; his tnothi'r is still living thereat the advanced age of 8i years; he has also six brothers and three sisters still re- siding in Milllin ("o., Pi-nn. HKXliV HORN, fa.mer; P. ()., Bellefon- taine; was born Fel). 11, 1825, in Preble C'o., ().; he is the son of .Fohn and Xancy (Sheets) Horn, who were natives of Virginia, where lliey were married, and moved to Ohio in 1813; they located in Preble Co., and lived there about lilleeii years; then moved to this county, and settled one mile north of Belle- fontaine in 1X28. Mr. Horn worked at home until he was of age, and on .Inly 14, 1840, he married Mary Laney. Thev have five chil- drt'n livmg — .loseph S., .Inroli H., .lohn (1., Luther, and Maggie E. Mrs. Horn was born in Pennsylvania, April 9, 1824, and came with her father's family, who settled in Harrison Tp., this county, in 1831; she is now the only survivor of a family of five girls, who came here with their parents. When .Mr. Horn was mariied he lived a few vears on the farm of his father-in-law (Simpson Lnney) in Harri- son Tp., and afterwards he ]>urchased it of the Laney heirs, and sul)se(iuently he purchased the farm where he now lives, and came to reside on it in 1871. Kveiything moved along quietly and prosperously until Oct. 22, 1875, when they sustained a heavy loss by having their house and all its contents consumed by fire, and without even the com])ensation of insurance; they set aI)out rebuilding, and the following summer they completed a two-story frame dwelling, with "observatory," and is, witliout exception, in every part of e.\- cell(!nt finish, at a cost of i!!3,5()li, besides all labor of thiMiisilves and teams; they now own 321 acres in the vicinity of the new resilience and 10(1 acres in Harrison Tp., where his son resides, all well improved. In all these cir- cumstances, and the present smnunnlings, it is ])lainly si^en that honest industry and econ- omy have been ruling characteristics, when they, who br-gan ])Oor in finance a few years ago, now rank among the wealthy farmers of this township, and are well prej)ared to enjoy the fruits of their labor. He is serving his second term as Township Trustee. 'J'heir son, .Jacob, went to Kansas, where he nnirried and is now residiii-r. REV. .lOlIX P. KING, retired farmer and minister ; P. O., West Liberty ; was born .Ian. 29, 1827, in .Mdllin Co., Penn. ; he is of a family of seven children — four boys and three girls ; their mother died when Mr. King was 3 years old ; but he remained on the farm, at home, until the last ])arental tie was severed by death, .Ian. 5, 1847. lininediately after his father's death (in 1847) he hired out to do farm work in their own neighborhood ; here he remained for a yearor more, when he conceived the idea that the chances, for a young man of industrious habits and no means, were much better, in the less po])ulous West, than they were in his native place. With a determination to su(;ceed, he turned his back on all that was dear to him, in youth, and set out for this State arriving T -rr— ► tln^ UNION TOWNSHIP. 789 si in Logan Co., March 2, 1840, a poor, but, sober and industrious young man. He has resided in this county ever since, with the exception of a short time spent in Cham- paign Co. His marriage was celebrated with Rebecca Trover, Oct. 28, 18.50 ; (she was born Sei)t. 28, IS^iO in Hobnes Co., O., and came with her father's family to Champaign Co., in 1849). They have six children — Levi T., Christian M., .John J., Lydia E., Ezra and Re])ecca ; they are all married except Ezra and Rebecca, who reside with their parents, and on whom the farm duties devolve. Mr. King was ordained as an Ormish Mennonite minister, in Champaign Co., this State, in 1859, and in 1872, he was ad- vanced by the church and given special charge over the Ormish Mennonite Congregation, whose church is about one mile north of West Liberty. According to the tenets of their faith, ministers are not clothed with the power to administer the ordinances of their church when ordained, until they have been consid- ered worthy of advancement, when special power is conferred by a conference of Bishops. In 1872 such power was conferred on Mr. King, since which time he has traveled ex- tensively in connection with the interests of the church ; his circuit embracing the states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. He has assisted in the organization of many congregations ; and is frequently summoned to perform the various ordinances of the church in the hIxivc named states. To those best acquainted with Mr. King, is best known his moral worth, lioth as citizen and minister, who began his career here, as a poor hired boy ; now we find him enjoying the confidence and respect of those with whom he has done business for a space of over thirty years, as well as the fruits of his own industry. He owns a farm of 80 acres, well improved, to which he moved, about four years ago, after having sold his original liome of 117 acres for ¥llO.G4 per acre, situated four miles south of Bellefontaine. ANDREW MOORE, fanner; P. O., Bellefontaine ; was born Nov. 14, 1836, on the farm of which he now owns a part ; (he is the son of William and Dorothy Moore). His marriage was celebrated with Sarah A. Click, Jan. 19, 1861 ; she was born April 23, 1837, in this county ; they have had two s r~ children — William E., living, and one died in childhood ; Mrs. Moore's parents were natives of Virginia, and came to this countj' about 1836, where they remained until their death. Mr. Moore enlisted in 132nd, O. N. G., as one of the "one hundred dnj'" men ; he was sent to Camp Chase to drill, thence to Washing- ton, D. C, thence to Arlington Heights for about one week ; thence to Whitehouse Landing on the Appomattox ; thence back to Bermuda Hundred ; there he was taken sick and sent to the hospital at Portsmouth, Va., where he was kept about two weeks, then he was sent home and in a few days received an honorable discharge, at Camp Chase (Col- umbus), having served something more than the time required of him ; his enrollment called for five years' service, but ere that time had expired the war closed and he received his discharge from the O. N. G., innnediately thereafter. WILLIAM MOORE, deceased; West Liberty; was born in Piatt Co., Penn., .luneo, 1801; his father, Archibald, and his mother, Jemima (Tannahill) Moore, were with their family of nine children among the first settlers of the township. Dec. 24, 1806, they arrived at a brother's of Mr. Moore, Sr., near Springfield, where they spent the winter, and in the following spring they came to Logan Co., and located on the site of the town of Zanefield. They, like many of the pioneers, came here without means either to purchase or improve their home; a large family to support and evervtliing to be pro- duced from the wild, unbroken forest, was no inconsiderable task; by dint of industry they succeeded in procuring enough to sustain life for a few years, when another difficulty arose — that of parties with less compunction of conscience and more finances, who were about to purchase this squatting place; soon as discovered Mr. Moore borrowed the money from a friend, made the trip to Cincinnati on horseback, where the land office was, and bought his own squatting place, beating his adversary (Gray) by two hours, who was on the way to purchase it " over his head." His son, William, bought 160 acres at §3 per acre in 1833; he married Dorothy Zimmerman, April 10, 1834; she was born March 5, 1812, in Virginia, and came here with her father's family in 1827; subsequently her parents 790 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: moved to Cl)ani])ai(rn Co., where they both (lied. Mr. and Mrs. Moore beven children: Daniel, Martha A., Lydia A., liora K., Em- ma, Andrew and Franklin F. Mrs. Mohr has one son, .M(3ses Frantz, by her first hus- Ijand. The two eldest ones are married. George W. married Klla Snyder. .Margaret is Mrs. Win. Hrownfield, of Siiiinirhills. Mr. .Mohr owns 270 acres of well-imnr d land, on which are good buildings. They arfMiieinbers of the German Baptist Church, and during the late rebellion he was opposinl to the war, in a con.scientious point of view, like numy of the same religious crecil; and to clear himself of the draft paid ^30(t, and at other times ]iaid various sums for the purjxise of clearing the township, aggre- gating ill all * 1,200. .MATTIICKS MAIKH, farmer; P. O., Springhills; was born June 20, 1810, in Wur- temburg, Germany; when young lu- learned the shocinakere' trade, but did not remain long at that business. He was married Nov. 4, 1838, to Christina C. Rexer. They hail five children — Christopher, Catherine, Jacob. Got- lieb and John. After marriage Mr. Maier abandoned the shoemaking business for that of a farmer, and, after a few years of farm life in Germany, he resolved to ])ush his way to this country, where his family would have better fat'ilities for jiroviding themselves with homes. Accordingly himself, wife and live children, set out for the United States, and arrived here — after an ocean voyage of forty- two days — in July, 1852. They came direct to this county, and leased the farm on which they now reside, for two years; at the expira- tion of that time they rented another farm for several years, and in 1800 they purchased the farm where they now live. Thus industry and economy has raised the poor man (with a large family) of less than thirty y(>ars ago to be one of the well-to-do fanners of L'nion Tp. His son Jacob was born .Inly 4, 1843, in Ger- many; he resides with his j)arents, and con- duets the business of the farnr, his marriage was celebrated June 20, 1870, with Hannah Reinhardt. She was born in Wnrtemburg, Germanv, March 4, 18.51, and emigrated to this country in June, 180'J, and came direct to this county. They have had three children — Mary (deceased). Annie D. and William F. Mr. Maier's daughter, Catherine, was married to Geo. Stotz in 18G5, and died Aug. 15, 1872, leaving three children — George, John and Mary. Christopher lives in Champaign Co., adjoining his father's farm; he married Marv .Mohr. Tliev have five eliildren — Katie. Magdalene, Dora, Clara and Addie. CJotlieb is in the slaughtering business in Bellefon- taine; he married llannali D. Miller. They have lour children — Klizabeth, .lolin, (ieorge and Henry, .lohn died after they came to this county. Fi;i-:i)U"lCK .MOHR, farmer; p. ()., Spring- hills; was born in Lancaster Co.. Peiin., Feb. 24, 1828; is the son of Fredrick G. and Catharine (Re.\er) .Mohr, who were natives of Wurtemberg, Ciermany, where they were married, and aijout the year 1817 they, with their eldest child, emigrated to this coun- try, and settled seven miles west of Lancas- ter, Penii., where they bought a small home, A M^ UNION TOWNSHIP. 791 coiisistina: of 3 acres; Mr. Mohr was a tailor by trade, and did not incline to farm exten- sively, but kept improving his home as well as embracing every chance to do something at his trade; they resided there about six years, then moved to Dayton, Ohio, where they remained nine months, when Mr. Mohr concluded to purchase a farm and take his family out of town — he could have purchased lots on Main street at tiiat time for $15 each — accordingly, he bought 54 acres for $350, eight miles north of IJayton. There Mrs. Mohr died, in lS:5:i, leaving six children — Conrad, Catharine, John, Mary, JT'redrick and Christopher. Mr. Mohr mar- ried a second wife, Sarah Purkey, who was a native of Virginia, but had been residing in Logan Co., with relatives, but went to Montgomery Co., where they were married, and in February, 1837, they all came to Lo- a:an Co., settlintc in the soutiiwest corner of Union Tp., where they bought :200 acres, pay- ing therefor $2,U00. It is said that the old gentleiiian, Fredrick (Jr., was one of the most energetic and persevering men in the county of his time; children bv second wife are David, EH/abetli and Martha. Fred- rick lived with his father until 'Z'i years of age, when he started for himself by running a threshing-machine for several years; then he rented and ran a sawmill one year, and was then employed to take charge of the mill for another party. He was married Feb. 28, ISSi*, to Barbara Detrick; she was born in this county April 19, 1835. They have six children living — Lora A., now Mrs. George M. Rausenberger; Emma J. (de- ceased); Sarah A., now Mrs. Georg-e Forry; Mary M., Lucy E., Charles F. and Clara S. Mr. Mohr owns 357 acres, well improved, and good buildings. Mrs. Mohi-'s father, Peter, and her mother, Susan (Kauifman) Detrick, were natives of Rockingham Co., Va., and came here, bringing thr(!c of their children, about the year IS'^O; her father died in 18G7; Mrs. Detrick lived with an- other daughter (Mrs. Yoder) after Mr. De- trick's death, and in 1878 — her 73d year — while she was sitting at the door knitting, and engaged in conversation with her daughter, and apparently in good health, she suddenly received that last summons, vphich surely awaits all maidd land with good buildings ; he has turncid his attention to sheep-raising for the last few years and has some fine Mi'riiios. The "XKWKLI. FAMIIA." .\ brief sUetcli of this family from the most authentic source points directly to the fact that two brothers and two sisters emigrated from the north of Ireland, about tlie year 1700, and settled in Pennsylvania. They were Jane, Margaret, James and Robert. The Nr^wells in this sec- tion can easily trace their lineal descent to the latter. He was born in 1 744, and as stated, came to this country when about Ki years of age. Abf)ut the date of the breaking-out of the R(;volution, there were serious thoughts as to the protection of women and children in their section, from the raids of Indians; there was a military fort erected near them in wliieh tlie weaker sex aiul children took refuge; among them were the two Newell girls, and one, Christina Williams, who liad lately arrived from Germatiy, and was an ac- complished young lady. She and the Xewell girls became unicli attaclu^d whil(> in the fort, and after the troubles had subsided their so- ciability and attachment waned none. In the course of events Robert Newell and Christina Williams formed an acquaint- ance, through his sisters, which tiiudly resulted in their marriage. They reared ed a family ofsi.\ sons and three ilaughtcrs — Jane, William, Sauniel, Thomas, .Mary, Hugh, Robert, .lohn and .Margaret, all of whom lived to maturity. Mr. Newell had turned his at- tention to rarming and stock-raisintr, and along between the years 17'.MI and 171, he sustained a very heavy loss in the death of all his horses, by somi- i'])iclemic in that section; whereupon he concluded to remove from that locality; accordingly he sold his farm receiv- ing in ])art jiaynient .S3,0()0 of Continental money, and started with all his family, brother and two sisters, to Harrison Co., Ky., where they located and remained some time. James (brother of Robert) was married and had one son and one daughter; the son died when young. Shortly after Robert had sold his farm he discovered that his |»3,0()0 was worth- less, owing to the insolvency of the Continen- tal banks. lie afterward received one per cent, for it; and thought he had made a bar- gain when got a steelyards worth ^3. .50 for ^'i'ji)o{ his Continental currency. About the year IS14, three of his sons — Samuel, Thomas and Hugh — came to Ohio and located in what is now Logan Co., and two years later the parents and the rest of the family followed, e.xcept Jane, who was married in Kentucky to Robert Braden. She died there ami !elt four children. Williaiu was married and doing well at farming and dealing in live- stock. He took a drove of cattle to Detroit, Mich., and while there, took suddenly ill and died; he was much respected as a good and noble citizen. Owing to the inconvenience of travel and transportation in those days, his remains were interred at Detroit. He left two sonsaiul three daughters. The widow married, and soon sustained the loss of her second hus- baiul by death. She sold out and with her children she moved to Indiana. Samuel was early identified with olhcial business in this countv; he had a family of seven sons and three (laughters. His wife died here; he sold out and moved with most of his family to Iowa, where he died in 1843. Thomas was married and reared seven sons and three daughters, and died near West Liberty in 183.5. Mary was married to Jaiues Newell, they moved to liuliana, and reared a large faniily, where she ])assed away. Hugh mar- ried Elizabeth McNay; they reared ten children— four sons and six daughters; he died in this township. Robert never mar- ried; he moved to Iowa aiul died there. John was married and lost his first wife in Ken- tuckv: slu! left one girl. He marrie. Ormish Men- nonite Church in this township, Oct. 19, 1859. They are now known as the "Walnut Grove" congregation. Mr. Plank is now the longest officiating minister connected with said con- gregation. JOHN M. RAUSENBERGER, farmer; P. O., DeGraff; was born in Wurtemburg, Ger- many, Aug. G, 1819, and is a son of John M. and Barbara (Haugh) Rausenljerger; of a family of six children — three boys and three girls, he is the only surviving son. His father died in (Germany, b>it .lolni M. sent for his mother and F. Miller and family, with whom she came, ami after a few years' residence in this country she died at West Liberty, .March 1, 18G0. When about 14 years of ag(% -Mr. Riuisenberger was a|i|)reiitice(l to the butcher- ing business, and ft)r which he received no pay, and had to furnish his own clothes be- sides; although there was no pay for one in his jiosition, his work was not such that it might be considered play; as he had to be out at 4 o'clock in the mornings with a fifty- pound basket of meat distributing it through the town. On the expiration of his appren- ticeshi]> he went to Potsham, where he worked three years, thence to Frankl'urt-on-the-Maiii where he worked three years; thence to .Ant- werp, Belgium, where he workeil three years; at this time, feeling his health failing, lie re- turned home to recuperate, with the iiiti-ntion of returning to his situation in .\nlwerp, but meeting with a friend while on his home? visit, who was intent on coming to the United States, persuaded Mr. Riiusenberger to come along. On June 24, 1845, he and his friend (Fred Esseg) left their native place, and on the 27th they sailed from Rotterdam, arriving in Baltimore, Md., Aug. 27, of the same year, and had a cash capital of two five-franc j)ieces when he landed. The same evening he found employ, at his trade, and began work next morning, and continued in the sanu? place thre(' years. He married Dorothy Rexer Sej)t. K), 1848, and two days later" left for Logan Co., O. (which trij) they inaiberty; was born near West Liberty, Logan Co., July 5, 1813; he is the fourth son and eighth in a family of ten chddren. His father, Thomas Stewart, was born in the north of Irelaiul, about the year 1766, and emigrated to tliis country when quite young, arriving here shortly after the United States had gained their independence. In those days of slow passages and imperfect facil- ities for navigation, compared with the pres- ent, it was only those of more than ordinary ambition and iron will who woidd even ven- ture to cross the Atlantic when kind invita- tions and fair promises had been extended; but none of these induced young Stewart to leave his native land, but that innate disposition ^1 ^ 796 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: to succeed in life and the perseverance wiiich characterized him to the last were suf- ficient incentives. Wlien he arrived in this coinitry (alter an ocean voyage of thirteen weeks) he located in Maryland. There he married Miss Susan Stewart (said to be a dis- tant rehitivc), and a few j'ears after their mar- riage they moved toChilicotlio, O., and suljse- queiitly to Logan Co., which was tlien and for years afterwards a wilderness. He was possess- ed of a good education, and endeavored to give his family of ten chililron the same advantage, but in this unbroken forest he found it almost impossible, as the primitive shools wore made up, and teachers (of not a high grade) ])aid by subscription; so those of limited means and large families had little opportunity of learn- ing much in school. However, here they reared their family of six sons aiul four daugh- ters, all of whom lived to maturity and inher- ited like industrious habits of their parents. When William M. started for hiuiself in the world, he had no means whatever; and at the outset he prudently indulged the sacred flame of irell pliu-ed lovi; with Mary Ann Hanger, and their marriage was celebrated April 17, 1833; they have had four children, two died in childhood, and two living — Martha .1., now wife of William Kinnan, and Charles L. Mrs. Stewart was born Sept. 10, 1806, in Augusta Co., Va., and is the daugh- ter of Peter Hanger, who emiijrated from Virginia when she was a mere child, locating in Ross Co., ()., where they niuuiined some time, and finally came to Chaini>aign Co. By upright principles and unceasing toil, Mr. Stewart has been enabled to procure a good portion of this world's goods for himself and family. He gave his daughter SO acres of valuable land, and to his son, 77 acres; be- sides the well improved farm of SO acres where he resides, on which he and his noble assistant in life are well ])ri'pared to spend their remaining vears in luxurv and ease. CHAKI.KS L.'STEWAirr; farm.^r; 1'. ()., West Liberty; was born in Harrison Tp., Champaign C'o., May "^1, ISIJK; is the only son of Wm. .M. and .Miiry A. (Hang('r) Stew- art, whose sketch is in this work; he has made farm work his only pursuit, and re- sided on the old homestead until a short time since, when he built a splendid frame resi- dence, barn and other buildings on the farm given him by his father, to which he moved Dec, 1879. His marriage was celebrated with Lizzie E. Baird, Oct. 8, 1808; they have two children— William L. and Linnie E. Mrs. Stewart was born near West Liberty, Feb. 27, 1833, and is a daughtijr of Robert and Margaret Baird who were natives of Virginia, and came to Logan Coinitj' at its early settlement. Mr. Stewart's steadv in- dustry is well marked on the jjlace where he resides; he also owns 40 acres of land in Champaign County adjoining his father's farm. E. M. Wn>SON, farmer; P. O., DeGratf; was born in Champaign Co., O., .lulv 17, 1822; is the son of .John and Margaret (Run- yon) Wilson; his father was a native of Penn- sylvania, and his mother of Kentucky; the father of .lohn NN'ilson, and his brother .loseph, came to Champaign Co. in 18UJ, and entered a tract of land to which he moved soon after- ward; his father's whole family came, also, and settled near In'. Shortly alter their set- tlement there Mr. Wilson formed the acquaint- ance of Miss -Margaret Rnnvon, who had, as stated, come from Kentucky; they were mar- ried, and set about makiniftliings comfortable in their new home; hut their ])iiispects were soon blighted by the earlv death of Mrs. Wil- son; she died in 1823, leaving two children — Elias and Klisha M.; the latter only about one year old. His father married his second wife, M. Dickey, in Fayette Co., and by that union there were three children — .Margaret, Rebecca and John. On the same farm where he entered of the government, his father died in 1873, in his 70th year. Our subject mar- ried Florence J. Monroe, May 15, 1845, in Champaign Co., and settled on a farm given him by his lather, where they resided abdut twelve years; and in 1857 they moved to the farm where they now reside. They have thre<' children living — Catherine M., Elias C. and Anna E. Mrs. Wilson was born in ( 'ham- paigri Co., Aug. 1!<, 1828; her father (David .Monroe) was born Sept. 20, 1703, in ^'irginia; her mother (Catherine Stretch) was bf)rn Oct. 23, 1703, in Kentucky; the families to which they belong were early pioneers of Cliani- ])aign Co., where they formed an ac(|uaint- ance and were married .May, 1820. There were only two children besides Mrs. Wilson — Philene E. and Rebecca A.; their mother died EICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 797 in this county, Sept. 24, 1876, in her 84th year. Mr. David Monroe's demise occurred Aug. 20, 1869. Althoug-h Mr. Wilson has held the offices of township Treasurer and Trustee for several years, he is no politician, but rather prefers the quiet life of a farmer, where early industry has placed all necessa- ries at his command, and which he can in ad- vancing years enjoy. ISRAEL YODER, farmer; P. O., West Liberty; was born Aug. 22, 18.5.3, in Liberty Tp.; is the son of Jonathan C and Anna (Sharp) Yoder, both natives of Penn.sylvania, and came here about the spring of 1848; he was married to Elizabeth King Feb. 15, 1877; they have one child — Ira Milton. Mrs. Yoder was born in Fairfield Co., this state, March 4, 1854; is the daughter of .Joseph and Sarah (Zook) King, who were natives of Pennsyl- vania, and emigrated to Fairfield Co., O., where they lived at the time of their death; they had nine children of whom only two sur- vive — Mrs. Yoder and Mrs. .Jacob Z. Iviiig, of Liberty Tp.; they had relatives in Lo- gan Co., which induced Mrs. Yoder to come here where she had been makino- her home for about four years previous to their marriage; they have 08 acres of well-im- proved land, for which they paid $90 per acre, and came here in Jan. 1878. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. DAVID ALEXANDER, farmer; P. O., Belle Centre; is one of the prominent and in- fluential farmers of this township. He was born Jan. 23, 1825, in Preble Co. His father, John Alexander, was bf>rn in Ireland, where he learned blacksmithing, and soon after his marriage to Jane Creelman started for the New Woild. He lived a short time in Cana- da, and from there came to Preble Co., and worked at his trade and on the farm till 1834, when he moved to Indiana, and died there Aug. 29, 1878. When 6 years old David went to live with his uncle, James Wright, who had no children, and ever after made his home with him. His uncle moved to this county when David was 16 years old, and settled on the farm on which he lived till his death. His uncle gave him 100 acres of land when of age, and at his death he became possessor of all the real estate. He now owns 300 acres of good land, forming one of the most valuable and attractive homes in the township. He was married Nov. 8, 1855, to Susannah J., daughter of Hugh and Sarah H. Hervey; she was born April 14, 1835, in Pittsburgh, Pa., and was brought to this State during her childhood, living most of the time in Licking Co. Their union has been blessed with eight children, six of whom are living — Sarah J., Nancy W., Martha M., An- na M., Rosanna E. and Ellen L. The three eldest have attended Geneva College. Da- vid attended there when a young man, and was a member of their first literary society. He has always been interested in the success of the school, and was a member of the ex- ecutive board for many years. He joined the R. P. Church in early life, and still be- longs, as do his wife antl three oldest chil- dren. GEORGE R. ARCHER, farmer; P. O., Belle Centre; is one of the most courteous and promising young farmers of this town- ship, and is thoroughly respected bv every one. He is the second son of .John Archer, who was born in Hull, England, Dec. 7, 1815, and came to this country when 8 years old. His father had come here three years previ- ously, and was followed by the wife and five children. They settled in Massachusetts, where .John worked in a factory, and when 16 years old he learned the blacksmith trade. He worked in an ax factory some time, and in 1837 he came to Xenia, O. He was mar- ried Oct. 15, 1840, to Lydia Baldwin, who was born in Greene Co., June 26, 1816. Thev lived in Greene Co. till 1849, with the excep- tion of a few years that they were in Madison Co. In that year they moved to a farm near Bellofontaine, on which they remained ten years, and have since resided in this town- ship. He died Feb. 23, 1877. By their -V— >- 798 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: marriage seven children were born — Mary A., Sarah L., Emily W., .rose|>h B., George R., John Newton and Lydia Kllen. Mary and Josejjh are dead, the latter being killed in a railroad accident on the "Bee Line" road Jan 6, 1880. He had been fireman on the road nearly eight years, and stood high in the estimation of his employers, and held a high office in the Masonic Order, of which he was a faithful and valued member, and to which both his brothers belong, George A. being the \Vorslii|)lul Master. , MILTON L. ANDERSON, farmer; P. O., Belle Centre; is the youngest son of a family of eight children, and was born May 'lo, 1817, in Fayette Co., 0.; his f.ither, (Jershoin Aiulerson, was born in Virginia, and with the rest of the family moved to Ohio during his bovhood; they settled in Ross Co., when Chillicothe consisted of a few rude cabins, and were intimate friends of Gov. Tiffin; his father was a wheelwright by trade, and also made chairs and s]>inning wheels; he was an officer in the war of 1812, and lived in Ross Co. till 1837, except a short time that he lived in Fayette Co.; he was married to Marv Jamison, a native of Kentucky, whose parents were opposed to slavery, and moved to this state to get beyond its influence; she died Oct. 2, 18:rac- tice; he was married May 17, 18tj(j, to .Martha ,1., daughter of J. B. and Hannah McCracken, of I rbana. Their union has been blessed with six (hildren — .lames A., Jess'e E., Samuel W., Nellie A., Charles T. and Sallie H. Both he and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. He has always been a Republican. LEWIS T. EMKi;V, fanner; P.O., New Richlanil; is one of the most promising and eniMgetic young farmers of this township, and was born Dec. 11,1850, in Lancaster Co., Pa. His father, .lames Emery, was born in that county and married Eliza A. E:igle, a native of Chester Co. Farming has Ijecn his only occupation, and in .March, 1854, he moved to this county, settling in Harrison Tp., where he lived until 1878, and lias"siii V?" HI2 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: his boyhood. Farmiiig was his only occupa- tion and support in lil'o. He was married to Mary Calar, a Virginian by birth, and lived in Ross Co., four years after marriage, when ho moved to Fayette Co., and bought a farm of military land, which he iin])roved and resided on till death. Adam was entrusted with all his fathei's business from the time he was 10 years old and displayed remarkable business tact. May 11, is;?(i, he was married to .lane, diughter of William and Marganst McGowen. She was of Irish descent and was born May 17, 1814, in Butler Co., Penn. In 1845 he moved to Hardin Co. and bought over 300 acres of military land which he improved and lived upon for many years. His wife died (3ct. 11, 1800, having borne him lour childnm, one died in infancy — Francis .1. was lost in the late war at the battle of Franklin; William H. and Nancy J. are yet living. Both are married, the son living on the old farm. In 1873 Adam retired from the farm and moved to Belle Centre, where he has since lived. He was married Oct. 1, 1874, to Sophia E., daugh- ter of Christian and Sarah Cocklin. She was born Jan. 14, 1840, in Cumberland Co., Penn. He has beeu Trustee and Treasurer, and a member of the Masonic Order over thirty years. He joinelay was suspected. Thomas came to this county when 19 years old, and work(!d at the carpenter's trade for several years near Rich- land. He was mar.-ied Feb. 23, 1843, to .Mary J. AFcClure, a native of Indand and a resident of this country, after she was 7 years old. They lived in Richland till 1848, when he bought a half interest in the mill south of Belle Center, and after runtiing it four years moved on the farm on which he now lives. It was all heavy forest, and he now has (JO acres cleared, good buildings anaared in srardenina: and the small fruit busi- ness; he followed that until the death of his wife in 1876, and has since been traveling' in various parts of the great West; Newton commenced business for himself when 25 years old, and first bought the mill south of Belle Centre, which he conducted for two years; he sold that and engaged in the grocery trade at this place, doing a good business for one year, when ho quit and soon after went into the drug business, in which he is yet en- gaged, keejiing the largest and most complete stock in town; he was married P^eb. 11, 1804, to Margaret J. Smith; th'ir union has been blessed with eight children, including three pairs of twins, one of each couplet being dead; the living are — Orion L., Elmer H., Theo. C, Grusta B. and one unnamed. He was in the service a short time, and has served several terms asTownship Treasurer and Coun- cilman; is a member of the I. O. O. F., and has always been a Republican. URIAS HOVT, retired farn>er; P. O., Belle Centre; was born Sept. 4, 1808, in Stillwater, Rensselaer Co., N. Y.; his parents were natives of Westchester Co., that State; his father's name being Jesse and his mother's maitlon name Sally Weed. His father was a shoemaker by trade, and died in that State in 1855. Urias learned the trade with his father, and when 18 years old commenced for himself; he followed '"jour." work till 1839, and then had a shop of his own in connec- tion with a store; he lived in Michigan seven years; one year he was a circuit minister, and six years was engaged in clearing and im- proving a farm; he has also lived two years in Illinois, where he was engaged in the mer- cantile business, and irom there he moved to Urbana, and after a residence of two years he secured a farm in Hardin Co., on which he lived until April, ISSQ, when he moved to Belle Centre, to secure that freedom from care that a lifetime of usefulness has surely earned. He first married Dec. 39, 1831; this wife died April 29, 1808, having borne one child that died when 17 years old. He was married Oct. 15, 1808, to Mrs. Sarah A. Weaver, whose maiden name was Sloan ; she was born Jan. 5, 1830, in Ireland, and emi- grated to this country- daring her childhood. By this union two children have been born — Joseph U., born Sept. 3, 1869, and John J., April 10, 1871. Both he and wife are members of the M. E. Church, in which he has been local preacher forty years, and also an Elder. He has been Justice of the Peace, and was Postmaster at Walworth, N. Y., for seven years: has alwavs been a Democrat. R. H. JOHNSTON, farmer ; P. O., Belle Centre ; is one of the energetic and reliable farmers of this township, and was born in Harrison Co., March 2, 1832 ; his father, John B. .Johnston, was one of the most prom- inent and inttuential men in the township. He was born in 1802 in Indiana Co., Pa., and worked on the farm and at the tanner's trade till 21 years old ; desiring a good edu- cation he attended college at Cannonsburg, Pa., and then at the Theological Seminary at Pittsburgh City. He received license to preach and was soon after married to Sarah Bruce, a lineal descendant of that renowned Scotch family. He moved to Logan Co., in 1833 and was the first pastor of the Old Miami Congregation at Northwood ; he was the founder of Geneva College and manifested a warm interest in the success of that institu- tion of learning. He was one of the first advocates of abolition and held many sj)irited debates in different parts of the county. In 1859 he moved to St. Clairsville, Belmont Co., where he has been Postmaster most of the time, and until lately preached in the United Presbyterian Church. Hamilton com- menced for himself when 23 years old, and has always been a farmer. He farmed in Michigan two years, and then went to Iowa and bought a home ; he returned to this State for a housekeeper and was married Oct. 13, 1857, to Hannah M. Clyde ; she was born April 12, 1835, and is the daughter of Joseph and Anna (Jameson) Clyde ; her jaarents moved to Belle Centre in 1857, lived there ten years and have since been in Iowa. ^ 804 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Hamilton lived on his western land a short time and has since lived in this county where he has cleared up a srood and valuable I'arm. They Imve five children — R. Clyde, E. Hruce, Elmer B., Minnie (). and John B. Both are memliers of tlic^ K. P. Cluircli. CORNELIUS JAMES( )N, retired farmer; P. O., Belle Centre; was born March 8, ISOl, in rjji-onier Valley, Indiana Co., Pcnn. His father, William .lameson, was born in Scot- land, and was brought to this couiitrj' when 4 years old; he always nuide farmiiifr his oeeujiation, and was married to Mary Hutchi- son, a native of Peinisylvania. They lived in Indiana Co. until lS3"i, when they moved to this State, and ever after lived in Crawford Co. Cornelius commenced for himself when married; this was March 8, 1825, to Miss Phebe Davis, a native of Connecticut, but raised in Pennsylvania. He farmed five years, and then taught school two j'cars at Blairs- ville, having taught during every winter sea- son for nine years previous; he came to this State in 1832, and lived five j'ears in Craw- ford Co., and has ever since made this county his home; he owned a tan-yard near (Cherokee for three years, and kept a lK)arding-liouse and store at Northwood for the same length of time; he has owned two different farms near Belle Centre, but is now living a retired and (piiet life. His wife died Aug. 8, 1848, leav- ing eight children, seven of whom are now liv- ing — Eli/abe(h, .Mary, Sylvia, Emily, Martha B., Louisa and Eunice A. lie was nuirried Sept. 18, 184'.i, toChristiana .McClure, a native of Ireland. She died Se|)t. 2(), 18(jl, leaving two children — Phcibe IJ. and L'lric Z. Nov. 20, 1802, he united his fortunes with those of Mary J. Carter, wid, 1 ?!)'.), to .Mary .M. Shearer, a native of Pennsylvania, and lived in Beaver Co., until 1 81 :{, when they moved to M'ayne Co., in this Stat(!. In 1832 they moved to Logan Co., and settled in this township, where thev improved a large and valuable farm. William lived under the parental roof until 25 years of age, assisting his father in clearing the farm and attending to the comforts of the family. He was married Dec. 10, 1840, to Elizabeth, daughter of Rwnslii|) and has valual)le |)roperty in the far west; his wife died .luly 2'.». 18:{:{, leaving three children — Nancy (i., Sarah L., and Margaret G. April tl, bSljri, he uniied his fortunes with those of .Mary, daughter of William and Mary .lohnstoii; she was born April 20, 1808, and has l)orne him seven chil- dren — James, .Martha J., .Mary E., William, 1' RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 805 Lovina, Marion A. and Benjamin L. The eldest was killed in Utali, where he was em- ployed on the railroad. His wife and daugh- ters are members of the United Pre?hyterian Church ; he has been a Republican since the oru'aui/ation of that party. ASBEKY F. LYI.E, merchant; Belle Cen- tre; is the youngest son of John and Mary Lyle, and junior menilier of tlie firm of Lyle & liro. ; he was born May 6, 1858, in Mus- kiiig-um Co., O. ; he worked on the farm until his father engaged in the mercantile business, when he commenced clerking in the store. His father soon withdrew from the business, and he has since been a member of the firm. May 25, 1876, he joined his fortunes with those of Frovolia G. Porter, daughter of J. C and Elizabeth Porter. She was born No- vember 15, 1855, in this county. B}' this ha])py union two children have been born — Franklin O. and Elmer W. She is a con- sistent member of the Disciple Church at this place. He has so far been identified with the Democratic party. JOHN W. LYLE, merchant; Belle Cen- tre; is one of the prominent and enterpris- ing citizens of the town of Belle Centre, and, ahliough he has lived here only a short time, has rapidl}' advanced to the front, and is now among the foremost business men ; he is the second of a family of ten children, and was born March 28, 18-12, in Muskingum Co., O. His father, John Lyle, a native of that county, was born in 1^12, and his mother, Marj' (Baird) Lyle, was born in 1814; his father was a farmer by occupation, but man- ufactured stoneware for ten years, and worked a coal bank for fourteen years. In 1872 he moved to Logan Co., and bought a farm one- half mile east of Belle Centre, on which he lived five years, and then engaged in the mercantile business with his son for two years, and has since lived a retired and quiet life. His wife died June 17, 1879. John commenced for himself when of age, but worked at his fathers business till 1872, when he moved to Hardin Co., and engaged in farming. The following summer one of his legs was crushed in a horse-power, and was amputated in March, 1874; he removed to Belle Centre the following fall, and kept grocery two years, when he went into partner- ship with H. M. Cline, keeping a general stock. After one year's business he with- drew, and kept a grocery at Roundhead for nearly two years, when he returned and has since been in the mercantile business at this place. Lyle & Bro. keep a good assortment of groceries, dry goods, boots and shoes, hats, caps, notions, etc., and have a large and rap- idly increasing trade. He was married April 15, 1867, to Hester A., daughter of Henry and Prudy (Ranibo) Thomas; she was born in Muskingum Co., March 13, 1850. Six chil- dren are the fruits of this union — Lily V., Addie B., Myrtie M., Florence M., and the twins — Harry Earl and Gracie Pearl ; he was in the war a short time, and is now a member of the L O. O. F.; he has always belonged to the Democratic partv. OLIVER LIGGITT, farmer; P. O., Belle Centre; is one of the energetic and promis- nr farmers of this township, in which he was born April 4, 1847. His father, .fohn Liggitt, was born in 1813, in York Co., Pa., and accompanied by his mother and two sis- ters settled at an early day on that historic piece of property known as the "Solomon's Town" farm. He married Susan Core, who was born in Favette Co, in 1822, but was then living with her grandparents at North- wood, her parents having died during her in- fancy. By industry aaid energy he soon pos- sessed one of the best improved and most valuable farms in the township. He died May 31, 1848, in the very prime of his life, leaving four children, of whom, Oliver was the young-est. The widowed mother was afterward married to James McClure, a na- tive of Ireland, with whom she lived till her 4 — to Martha, daughter of .John ami Mary (liurns) .IdIimsoii. .Shi- was born Sept. 1, l.s;U, in what is nciw Noble Co., O. He? followed farming in his native county until IHtil}, wIkmi he moved to where he now lives. Bv their marriage seven children have lieen l)ori: — Robert J.. /\inu» .M., Sarah A., Edwin . I., .Jen- nie A., William, and Clara .M. The eldest graduated at Wooster in 1878, and is now attending the Theological Seminary at Prince- ton. The second has lately linislu^d a course at Geneva College, in this county. Their third child — Sarah Alice — was most fnully murdered near r^ewiston Reservoir, in 187-5, by James Shell. He paid the penalty with his life, being taken from the jail soon after by a body of enraged citizens and hung to the nearest tree. The parents and the three eldest children are members of the Presby- terian Church, in which he has been Elder for several years. He takes little interest in po- litical affairs, and so far has been a Democrat. SAMUEL I>AMBAR1), farmer; P. O., Belle t'entre. This hardy pioneer was born in Augusta Co., Va., Aug. 18, 1804, and of eleven children is the only living representa- I tive of the family. His ])arents were natives of Augusta Co., and were German descent ; his fathers name was Abraham and his moth- er's maiden name was Barbara Hamaker. His father was a farmer by occupation and manufactured his own implements of hus- bandry. He enn'grated to Ohio, in 1815, and settled in Ross Co., where he li\ nd one vear and then moved to Fayette Co., leciiring a fartn in what was termed the "l^.ew Pur- (■hase;" this he cleared and impro i*d till 1832, when he sold it and came to Logai. Co.; h(^ bought nearly 300 acres of new lai.-l. which he divided among his three children then living, letting each one clear and im- prove his own home. Samuel has ahviiys been a farmer and commeiiced doing for him- self as soon as married, although he m-ver left his father's farm. He was married Ajiril 18, 1820, to Learna H., daughter of William aud Rebecca Dickey ; she was born Jan. 18, 1800, and liveil in Fayette Co., when married. Her father was a I'resbyterian preacher ; by this union eight children were bom, only three of whom are living — .lames R., Rebecca J. and Mary E.; they are married, the eldest living on the old homestead, the second in Missouri and the daughter in Chain|iaign Co. His wife died .liilv 13, 1X40, ami .lune 25, 1847, he was marrieil to Ellen, widow of William Edmiston ; she had two children — David and .Mary, who are now marrie I and living in Clinton, 111.; she was born .lune 15, 1812, in York Co.. I'emi. To them three children have been born, one is living — John W., who is engineer on a railroad and lives M RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 807 at Grand Island, Neb. The whole family be- long to the Presbvteriaii Church. He has always been a Democrat, and cast his first vote for .lackson. JOSEPH LILES, farmer; P. O., Belle Centre; has been living in this county since his childhood, and was raised on the farm on which he now lives. He was born Aug. 19, 1826, in Ross Co., O. His father, Lemuel Liles was born in North Carolina near the year 1780, and when 12 years old moved to Ten- nessee, where he lived till 1812, when he en- listed in the army, and served nearly two years, and was at tlie battle of Sandusky, and received his discharge when at Sackett's Har- bor. He walked from there to Beaver Co., Penn., and stop|ied for the purpose of replen- ishing ills purse; while here he became warm- ly attached to a young lady by the name of Hannah Deringer; her parents were opposed to their marriage, but love surmounts all ob- stacles, and they started on a wedding tour down the Ohio river in a " dug-out " canoe, which contained their worldly eft'ects, their objective point being Tennessee. They stopped in Ross Co., to visit an uncle, and hav- ing only 87 in money, they were induced to make that place their home. He leased a farm for a number of years, but sold his lease in 1831, and moved to Logan Co., where he bought 100 acres of military land, on which he lived till his death, in 1870. He helped each of his children to a home, and was for many years a licensed preacher in the Metho- dist Ejiiscopal Church, which he ji lined soon after marriage. Joseph learned the mason trade when l-t yearsold,and followed it for near 14years,when he relinquished it, and has since made farming his chief occu|)ation. In 1865, he bought the mill south of Belle Centre, and controlled it till 1878, when he and his son built a large and commodious structure in the town, and moved the machinery to that place. He was married March 16, 1878, to Anna, daughter of James and Rebecca (Tucker) Far- out. She was born Jan. 6, 1826, in Cham- paign Co. By this onion three childreTi have been born — George W., .John B. and Osmun. The two eldest are married — George W. liv- ing in Hardin Co., and John B. in Belle Centre, superintending the mill. Has been identified with the Republican party since its organization. ALONZO C. McCLURE, farmer; P. O., New Richland; is one of the enterprising farmers of this townsiii]), and was born Oct. 18, 1839, near Detroit, Mich.; his father, An- drew McClure, was liorn near Belfast, Ire- land, where he learned the trade of shoe- making; when 19 years old he came to this country, and after a short residence in York State he went to Canada, where he was married to Samantha A. Crandell, whose father had served in the war of 1812. Being of an impulsive and patriotic disposition he was captain of a com|)any in the " Patriot war," and to escape cii])ture fled to Michigan; he soon returned to Canada, however, where he remained until 1855, and then returned to Michigan and was the first Justice of the Peace in Gratiot Co.; he was engaged in various kinds of business during his life and for many years was a heavy dealer in marble, followed farming, and died in 1873. When 12 years of age Alonzo left home to live with his uncle, William McClure, and remained with him until 1860, in the mean- time learning the shoemaker trade; he clerked in a store, kept a shop of his own, and during the war enlisted in Company I), 3-l:th O. V. I., and served until the close of the war; he has since been a farmer and now owns the old " Solomon's Town " farm, which he has brought to a fine degree of cidti vation ; he was married Sept. 25, 1862, to Sarah J. Liggitt, daughter of .John Ligi;'itt; she died April 7, 1873, leaving four children — M. Cora, Eva C, Nathaniel, James L.; March 2.3, 1876 he was iniited to Adella C. Johnston, daughter of James S. and Mary (Hyudnian) .lohnston; they were among the first settlers of this township and are now living at Northwood, where Adella attended colleg'e; this union has been blessed with two, children-Frank W. and Mary A. Mr. McClure has always been astalwart Republican and is now Trustee; his wife is a consistent member of the R. P. Church; they have a l)eautiful and interesting home, and we bespeak for them a happy and prosjjerous future. JOHN McKlRAHAN, farmer; P. O., Northwood; is the seventh of a family of thirteen children, nine of whom are living, and wa? born Feb. 13, 1843, in Belmont Co. His father, .John McKirahan, Sr., was born in Washington Co., Penn., in 18U6, and came to 808 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Boliiioiit Co., O., wlicti 5 years old. He l(?ariuHl the slioeniakci's trade at which lie worked in early life, but has made fanning his eliief oecupalion. He was married to Eliza Porterfi(>Kl, a native of Lancaster Co., Penn., and a resident of Ohio since her child- hood. He moved to this county in 1SG4 and has since lived in Northwood. When only 18 years old .John enlisted in Company D, 25th Regiment, (). V. I., and served nearly five years. He was wounded at the second battle of Bull Hun and again at Gettysburg. On receiving his discharge he came directiy to Northwood and has since been farming. He was married Dec. 31, 1874, to Mntilda, daughter of Isaac and Jane Downs. She was born July 10, IS.ilJ, in MiMcer Co., Penn., and came here in 18(J4. They lived in Rushcreek Tp. three years and have since been at North- wood. Hy their union three children have been born — Ida Ethel, Prank P. and \\'alter W. He owns 90 acres of land adjoining the village, and he, wife and parents are members of the United Pnisb.terian Church. He has always been a Republican and his father has been identified with that party since its or- ganization. JOHN M. McKlNl.KV, drugixist; lielle Centre; is among the most promising busi- ness men this town affords, and already- has built up a good trade, although he has been in business but a short time; he is the eldest of a family of three children, anil was born Nov. 12, 1S.')T, in Adams Co., Ohio; his fatlu-r, David S. McKinley, is a native of the Emerald Isle, came to this country during his childhood in comjiany with his ])arents; thev settled ill Adams Co., where he was married to .Mary J. Iliiiiphill, a native of Philadel- phia. He fiillnweil fanning till ISO,"), when be uioveil to Belle Centr(>, and engaged in mercantile business for some three years, and lias since been keeping a tin and stove store; his wife has been engaged in the millinery business since they came here, having, no doubt, the best trade in the town. John re- ceived a good coiiinion school education, ami in 1.ST7 he secured a half interest in the drug store he now owns. Dr. Wilson, of this place, was his partner for two years, and since then he lias been sole ])roprietor; he keeps a good assortment of drugs, school- books, etc., and is kind ami oliliging to all. thus securing hosts of friends. He has al- ways been an advocate of the principles of the Republican party. AI.E.KANDEK P. McCONNELL, har- ness maker ; Belle Centre ; is the eldest of a family of four children, and was born June 'ir>, 1841, in Greene Co., O.; his father, Adam McConnell, was born and raised in .Mleglinnv Co,, Pa. On arriving at manhood he came to this State, where he soon after married ilary E. F'oster, a native of Greene Co. He worked at the carpenters' trade most of the time, and at the death of his wife in 184'), he placed the children in care of his mother-in- law, and started for the gold fields of (jalifor- nia wh.^ro he soon after died. Alexander lived on the farm most of the time till ISCil, whiMi he commenced the trade of hariiess- nuiker with Jacob Earick at Belle Centre ; he remained with him till the fall of 18(12, when he enlisted in Company K. 12Jst Reg., O. V.. I.; was at the battles of Periyville, Chick- amauga, Resacca and other engagements, and was wouiuled in the heel at Chickamauga, and in a skirmisii near Avonsborougli, X. C, his knee was shattered which resulted in ainputati in. (Jn receiving his discharge he returncil to Greene Co., and worked at his trade ; the next spring he went to Musking- um Co., and set up a shop of his own which he kept two years, when lie came to North- wood and ke))t grocery. In 1873 he came to Belle Centre and soon after went to work at his trade and is doing a ijood business. He was married Nov. 15, 180G, to .Matlie E., daiiirhter of Robert and Eliza J. Wylie ; she was born in .luiie, 1842, in this township. By this union three childri'ii have been iiorn -^.Mary E., Ada B. and Hoberl P. He and wife are members of the Reform Presbyterian Church. JEHHV McAl.EXAXDEK, livery slalile; Belle Center; is the youngest living meiiib.'r of a family of twelve chililren, and was born Nov. 27, 18.50, in Champaign Co., O. His father, David McAlexander, was a native of that eJiinty, and was in.irried to Elizabeth Idle, who was born in Virginia an-. ft^ RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 809 his wife having died three years previously. Jerry commenced for liimself at his father's death, and lived the two first years in Indiana. He returned and worked on a farm till his marriage, Sept. 14, 1870, to Melissa J., daughter of John and Mary Goslee. She was born Nov. 20, 1849, in Hardin Co. Her mother was a cousin of the famous Simon Kenton, and died when Melissa was quite small. From that time till her marriage she lived with an uncle, the last ten years being in Champaign Co. They lived in that county five years and then moved to Hardin Co., where he followed farming four years and has since been in Belle Centre. He owned the bakery and restaurant one j-ear, and has since kept livery stable, owning no doubt the best and most complete in the town. They have one child, a girl named Oro. His wife be- longs to the Disciple Church. CHARLES MAINS, lumber dealer; Belle Centre; is one of the most iironiineiit and well-known citizens in this county, and was born March 12, 1824, in Washington Co., Pa. His lather, Edward Mains, was a native of Ireland, and enn'gratcd to this country after he arrived at manhood; he settled in Wash- ington Co., Pa., and was soon after married to Margaret Young, of Brooke Co., Va.; he was a farmer by occupation, and in 183z he moved to Richland Co., O., the mother riding on horseback and carr3-ing the youngest child; he died Dec. 24, 1835, and from that time Charles took care of himself. He lived on a farm until 1839, when he commenced the trade of carpenter at Mansfield; he soon quit and went to Reynoldsburg, O., where he drove a team on the National road a short time, and then walked back to his old home; he fol- lowed variovis occupations for sev(n'al years, and then secured a place with a railroad con- tractor at Shelby; in 184.5 he came to Kenton, and had only 25 cents whoTi he arrived at that place; we soon find him furnishing tim- ber for the construction of the old Mad River & Lake Erie R. R., now known as the C, S. & C. R. R. ; he followed this business on difl'er- ent roads until his marriage, in December, 1850, to Frances Zaiiller, of Hardin Co.; he soon settled in Belle Centre, and engaged in the mercantile business, and dealt in stock, grain, timber, etc., until 1861; he went into the army as Captain of Comiiany E, 82nd Reg., O. V. I.; was unfit for military duty, and soon returned, and joined the Squirrel Hunters at the defense of Cincinnati; he moved to Hardin Co., where he lived until 1870, an! has since lived at this place; he was agent for an agricultural firm nearly three years, and has since dealt in lumber, doing an extensive business. Two of his children died in infancy; four are living — Edward H., John C, Charles R. and .Munson L. He belongs to the Masonic Order, has been Justice of the Peace, and for two years was Director of the Reform School for Boys, being Chairman of the Board the last year. He is a strong Dem- ocrat, and leader of that party in this township. M. M. McINTIRE, hotel; Belle Centre; is the eldest of a family of four children, 'and was born Mav G, 1850, in Roundhead, Hardin Co., O. Hisfather, Edward D. ^Iclntire, is a native of this State, and many years ago was milted by marriage to Melinda Oldaker. He has worked at the carpenter's trade, but of late years has paid most of his attention to farm- ino-, livino- in Hardin Co. Miller was married Dec. 29, 1878, to Samantha, daughter of John and Mary Lj'le. She was born Sept. 28, 1856, in Muskingum Co. They commenced house- keeping in Belle Centre, and for a while kept a boarding-house, and in April, 1880, he be- came the manager of the Belie Centre Hotel, the only public house in the place. Their union has been blessed with one child — Osta Blanche. His wife belongs to the Disciple Church. He is a member of the Democratic paity. E. E. NAFUS, carriage and buggy manu- facturer; Belle Centri-; is one of the most enterprising and energetic business men to be found in this township, and, although he has lived here but a few years, he has built up a good and rapidly increasing trade; he he was born June 15, 1849, in Sunbury, O.; his father, Joseph S. Xafus, was a native of Luzerne Co., Pa.; was born near the scene of the Wyoming massacre, in which some of his relatives were killed; he came to this State during his boyhood, and learned the trade in a wagon and buggy shop at Delaware,©.; he was married to Mary A. Ports, and owned a shop at Delaware, and then at Sunbury. In 1850 he moved to West Liberty, this countv, and resided there eight years, when he came to Huntsville and conducted a good ^ parted this life in 1K4."); her companion remained thereuntil 18.j(), when ho moved ;o Iowa and died in IS.")'.). William connnenced lor him- self when ■■!() years old, anil has always bec'ii a tiller of the soil; Oct. 13, 18.")3, he took unto himself a helpmeet in the person of Mary J. Gray, who was born Aug. 25, 1.S31, in Belmont Co., (J.; her parents were natives of Ireland, and lived in this country several years before their marriage; her father's name being .lames and her mother's maiden name Ellen Walkinsliaw; thej- moved to this townsliij) in 1837, and settled on the farm on which his son, Robert Gray, now lives; after marriage William lived in Guernsey Co., until 1802, when he moved to this township, wliere he now owns nearly 200 acres of land in a good location and an attractive home; nine chil- dren have blessed this union, two of whom died in 1874, one being an accomplished young lady, the other a sprightly youth; those living are — Sarah E., Mary A., Li/zie N., Robert G., Lydia J., James R. and I^(jra E.; the first four children have attended Genijva College; the parents and three eldest daugh- ters are members of the R. P. Cluuch. WILLIAM RAMSKY, merchant; Hille Centre; is one of the most successful and en- terprising business men this town contains, and has contributed much to its advancement as an important tiading point. He is the eldest son of a family of six children, and was born Feb. 5, 1831, in Keene, Coshocton Co., O.; his father, Henry A. Ramsey, was born in Ireland where he learned the trade of cabi- net-maker. On reaching man's estate he emigrated to this country, and soon after was married in (iuernsey Co., O., to .Margaret Cullen, daushter of William and .Mary Cul- len ; slie was of Irish birth and came here when quite young. They always lived in ICeene, where he was engiiged in the mercan- tile business, and where he ilietl in 1840. At the age of l."» William left luime and com- menced clerking in a store at Kilbuck, in Holmes Co.; he reuuiined there two years and then came to Belle Centre and clerked for Reuben Tousley two years, when he enter- ed into ])artnerslnp with Charles Maines in the grocery business, they soon enlarged their stock and kept dry goods, hardware, etc.; ii(!alt in grain, live stock, staves, hoop-jioles, furs and nearly everything that was olfered for sale. AfU>r ten years of business Mr. Maines withdrew, and was succeeded by A. C Ramsey, who in turn yielde 812 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : HAlUilSON SPENCER, farmer; P. O., Iluiitsvillc; is the fourtli child of Thomas and Mary (Roberts) Spencer, and was born Oct. 39, lh!"2G, in Clinton Co.; his ])arents moved to tliis county wlien he was 1 j'ear old, and he was reared to manhood in a pioneer home subject to the privations of all the first settlers; he was fond of the chase, and the country beinencer, who was one of the Revolutionary heroes. After the war Thomas settled near Cincin- nati for a short time, and was married to Ellen Johnston, who ilied in Clinton Co., after bear- ing him eight children; he was then united to Mary Roberts, a native of Adams Co., who accompanied him to this county; he died in 184k, and his wife two years later. Wash- ington was horn in Clinton Co., Oct. 21, 1822, and iH-ver left the family liresi(l(>; at the ni- igiated to this country. He innnediately re- turned to Belle Centre, and has since been engaged in business at this jilace. For sev- eral years he kept livery stable, and was pro- ]irietor of the Belle Centre hotel, but has lately been engaged in his present business. By his marriage three children have been born — George H., Mary A. and Lily B. He l)elongs to the order I. O. O. F., and has held township and municipal offices. He has al- ways been a staunch supporter of the Repub- lican party. MOSES D. WILSON, physician ana sur- geon; Belle Centre; was born near the forks of Yougli, in Alleghany Co., Pa. His parents were natives of that county. His father's name was Isaac, and his mother's maiden name was Cassanored at various occupations till the fall of 1801, when he enlisted in the 13th Reoimciit (). V. I., and served nearly one year; Shiloli, Corinth and Stone River were among the battles in which he was engaged; he was captured twice hut got away both times; he returned to Bellefontaine and Dec. , 24, 1802, he was married to Susan Duckson; he •went on the railroad on it until lS(i4, when (his sons having endjarked for themselves, and not wishing to rent to strangers), he sold it and came t(j Xorthwood where he died in ISO!), and his wife in No- vend)er, 1874. Catharine was married Dec. ], 18.54, to .lames, son of .Fames and Hannah Aikin ; ho was born in Ireland, and in 1832, being then 15 years old, came to this country with his parents. They lived in Rhiladelphia one year and then in Beaver Co., Pa., until 1830, when they came to this township and bought 80 acres of land. .James supported his parents until their death, and made all the im])ri)vements that are now to be seen on the farm, as it was tlien a dense forest. He was first married to Maria Irwin, and two children are now living who are the fruits of that union. .Mrs. .\ikin is the mother of five children — Sarah A., William .).. -Mary, Fannie .1., and David S.; all have attended Geneva College, the eldest graduating in May, 1878. Mary taught school one term and then was married to Dr. Kennedy, who is now located at .Mansfield. Mr. Aikin died July 31, 1873, and lie and wifi! belonged to what they term the original Covenanters. Wlij.lAM W. 15EATTY, attorney; Huntsville; was born Sept. 12, 1820, in I.oudoun Co., \'a.; his father, John H . Beatty, was a nativ(> of that state, and served in the war of 1812; he was married to Elender Sutherland, and worked at the trade of ear- ])enter and joiner through life; in 1833 the family moved to this Stale and settled peinia- n(Uitly in Moorelield, Harrison Co., where they remained until 1844, when they moved to this county ; the mother died at Bellefon- taine, and the father at this pla((! in 1873, be- ing then in his 80tli year. The sul)ject of this sketch received a fair, common school education, and learned the trade v.ith his father and worked at it some time after their removal to this county; however, he coni- meiiced the study of law with Allen C. Turner, at Cadi/, before coming here, and did most of the studying a Iter com pie ling his days' labor; he studied eighteen months with the above named gentleman, and after coming here entered the law office of Judge Lawrence, from which he was admitted to the liar; he moveil to Belle Centre in 1850 and lived there five years, when he cami? to this place. Besides his profession he has several times engaged in mercantile speculations, and each ^ Mc ARTHUR TOWNSHIP. 817 time retired with loss until taught by ex- perience; he now devotes his entire time to his chosen profession; in 1874 he was elected to tlie Legislature from this county, and two years later to the State Senate; he is a stal- wart Republican, and cast his first ballot for Gen. Harrison; in 1838 he was married to Mary Wi.kins, who bore him four sons and and one daughter. The sons were all in the service of their country, and one, David W., of the 1st Oliio, was killed at Mission Ridge; but one of these sons, .John H., is living, he being in tiie mercantile business in Kansas; the (laughter Kate is married and lives at Kenton; he was afterwards married to .Jane Vansickles, and their union lias produced three children — Mary M., Alice and Charles F.; the daughters are married; the family be- long to the Methodist PJpiscopal Church. CHRIST B. BRESTLE, merchant; Hunts- ville; IS one of the most energetic and thriv- ing business men in this town, and is, witlial, quite a remarkable man. He was born Sept. 16, 1835, in Middletown, Penn., and when scarcely 2 years old the family moved to Tiffin, in this State. His father, .John Brestle, was a tanner and currier by trade, and mar- ried a lady named Catharine Witz. When 13 years old Christ took •' French leave" of the old home, coming to Urhana and working in an eating house for John Gump. He had been witii him about one year when a show came through the place, and then it was that Christ threw up a good jjosition to follow their varying fortunes. Being naturally adapt- ed to this kind of business, he soon took a conspicuous place among the curiosity men, and traveled extensively through this country as well as Mexico and the British Dominions. He took the first curiosity troupe into Califor- nia, and from there wont north over-land to Sitka, returning by vessel to Portland. He came to this place on a hunting trip in the fall of 18T3, and liking the ])lace he d^ter- miiied to make it his future home. He kept hotel and livery stable two years, when he <|uit the former and went into the groccrj- business; he had less than $20 cajiital, and from that has grown the large stock he now carries, doing a large and ra])idly increasing trade. He was marriel while in Grass Valley, California, to Zobedia Lu.i, who was born in Russia July 1.5, 1846, and is said to be the first " Circassian beauty" ever exhibited in this country, having been brought here by Barnum. She is highly educated, and can readily use seven dift'erent languages. They have three children living — Lulu, Tena and Christ B. BL'RRELL S. COLLINS, farmer ; P. 0., Huntsville ; was born Oct. 37, 1830, in Per- ry Co., O.; his father, James Collins, was born in Miflin Co., Pa., and when near his maturity came to Perry Co., and was there married to Catharine Mills, of Virginia birth. He was a wheelwright and chairinaker bj' trade, and worked at these until 1833, when he moved to this county and engaged in farm- ing ; he located at Cherokee, part of the town being on the land that once belonged to him. His wife died in .June 1835, having borne him nine children, and in April 183G he was married to Mrs. Mary Mahan ; he died in 1849. Burrell lived under the parental roof until his marriage, Oct. 31, 1843, to Mar- garet Mahan, and has since lived on the farm where he resides at present ; she was born in Franklin Co., and died Nov. 13, 1850, leaving two children — Mary and Isabella ; the first is married to John C. Brown and the other to .lohn M. Graybeal, and both are living in Missouri. Mr. Collins was again married to Eleanor, daughter of David and Margaret (Beatty) Ghormley ; she was born March 15, 1839, in Fayette Co., and came here a short time previous to her marriage. Their union has produced eight children, seven of whom are living — James B., David G., Sarah, Emma, Alma J., John B., Olive A., and Anna E.; the eldest is married and David is attending college at Wooster, O. The parents and five eldest of these children are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which he has served as Elder since 1849. Is now a Republican, and voted first for Henry Clay. MATTHEW K. COVINGTON, farmer; P. ()., Huntsville; is the only child born to Matthew P. and Mary Covington, and was born in this county Jan. 7, 1850; his grand- father, Henry Covington, was a native of Ire- land, and after coming to this country served in the war of 1813; he was a Dunkartl by faith, and married Anna Kavanaugh. She was born in Kentucky, and accompanied her folks to Chaiii])aign Co., in this State, at a very early day, there being only two houses 818 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: in Cinciimati when they crossed the Ohio river at that i)oint. Some tiTuc after tlieir marriaj^e they moved to the vicinity of Levv- istown, in this county, and boufjiit a tract of Government land, l)ut after a short residence traded it to Jud{>e Shelby for a farm in Lib- erty Tp.; on this he died in 18.-)(), and his faithful wife in 1874. Matthew P. was born in 1823, wliile they wore yet in Champaign Co., and remained under the parental roof until his marriage to Mary Stiles, when he settled on a portion of the old homestead. She was born in Athens Co., and is of New England descent. Shortly after their mar- riage the vigorous young husband was taken from the bosom of his family. Mrs. Coving- ton was afterwards married to William Cooper, and bore him three chililrcn. Mat- thew, the subject of this sketch, commenced for himself when 17 years old, and farmed on the olil homestead until the fall of 187!), ex- cept one year that he kept livery stable at J)e Graff: he now owns over 100 acres of land in this townshi|); he was married in October, 1870, to Mary E. Guthrie, and on May 9, 1871, slie died; he united his fortunes with those of Catherine Brown April 5, 1878. She was born Aug. 24, 18G2, in Union Co.; is a daugiiter of John and Rebecca (Cooper) Brown; her parents died when she was quite young, and from the time she was 1 1 vears old until marriagi! she was a hired girl. TliiMr happy union has been blessed with one child — Charles F. lie belongs to the .Masonic Fraternity and Ancient Order of N\'orking- nien. lias alwavs beena Democrat. THOMAS C<)OK. .Jr., farmrr; 1'. ()., Belle- fontaine; was born April 7, ISIil), in Knox Co., O. His father, Thomas Cook, Sr., was liorn in Harrison Co., ()., in iMl], and alwavs fnllowed farming. Ho was there married to .lane White, who was born in Ireland in 18(10, and came to this country when 10 years old, her father dying in New York two weeks after their ar- rival. Thomas Cook lived in Harrison Co. until the year 1825, when with his family he moved to Knox Co., and resiiled there until the fall of 18:jl{ when he moved to this county and bougiit 12.5 acres of land, mostly forest. He was captain of a militia company, and lived but a short time after coming to this countv, dying in February, If., Nannie .!., Thomas J. and Orrin L. D. The eldest daughter is married to James E. Mc- C^raeken; L'harles K. and Nannie are among the succ(!SsfiU school teachers of this country. Mr. Cook has served as Trustee and Assessor and is a mend)er of the Agricultural Society. Hi' has always been a Republican, and cast his fust vote for John P. Hale. The whole family belong to the U. P. Church. CHAHLES W. COOK, farmer; P. O., Bellefontaine; is the seventh of a family of eight children born to Thomas and Jane Cook, and first saw the light of day Nov. 23, 1S33, on the farm on which he now lives. The father departed this life when Charles was only 4 years old, and he was early inured to the toils that beset the ])aths of )>ioneer chil- ilren. His education was meagre, but the de- ficiency was in part supj)lied by a coTn])lete knowledge of clearing, and the other branches that accotnjmnied that essential art. He was married Nov. 1(3, 1854, to Martha, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth (Hosack) i'atterson. She was born March 11), 1834, in this town- ship, to which her parents moved in 1S3(I, her father being a native of the; Emerald Isle, and marrying the above named lady in Pennsyl- vania. Charles did not leave the old farm at his marriage; and although he possessed but a single gold dollar after the ceremony was ])erfcjrmed, he .soon after bought the old home- stead, rclj'ing on his own efforts for success. He now owns 100 acres of laiirl, on which he has erected large and beautiful buildings, and has one of the neatest and most tasty houses I in the township. He was in the service, ^ McARTHUR TOWNSHIP. 819 being in Co. C, 132d O. V. I. His marriage has been blessed with eight children, six of whom are living — Mary A., Anna M., Thomas H., Ida B., Ira E., Charles K. The second daughter has attended Geneva College, and taught school several terms, with good suc- cess. The parents and the four eldest chil- dren belong to the U. P. Church, of which Mr. Cook has boon Deacon. He has always been a i e]iul)lici'.n, and cast his first vote for .lolin C. FiiMnont. JOSEPH P. CRETCHER, farmer; P. O., Hunlsville; is the youngest of a familv of eleven children, and was born Oct. 12, 1832, in this county; his lather, Jabez Cretchcr, was a native of Kentucky and there married Nancy Pollock; in 1813, when there were only four members in the family, they moved to this county and settled near Lewistown; they lived there only a siiort time, however, when they moved to Champaign Co. and bought a farm ; five years later thej' again came into this county and bought "240 acres of land in Miami Tp., on which Mr. Cretcherand sons found ample scope for their energies for many years; he died Jan. 28, 1872, and his companion Feb. 19, 1874, having lived to- gether over sixty-one years. Joseph lived under the parental roof until his marriage, March 25, 1858, to Catherine L., daughter of Paul and Mary (Carothers) Huston; she was born June 28, 1836, in this county, to which her parents moved as early as 1829; her father died April 13, 1868, in his 82nd year, and her mother some four years later. Joseph lollowed fiinning until 1868, when he moved to De Giaff and worked at the harness trade, and afterwards manufactured lirick; in 1874 lie moved to where he now lives, owning a farm of 100 acres; six children have blessed thiir marriage, whose names are — ^Yilliam H., Jabez McLaine, Paul Clarence, Homer G., Frank Burton and .fosephO.; Mr. Cretcher is a member of the Masonic Fraternity and of the Patrons of Husbandry; both he and his wife belong to the ilethodist Episcopal Church; he has been a Democrat since the beginning of the war. M. DUDLEY DITZLER, physician and sursreon; Huntsville; is the fourth of a fnmilv of five children, and was bom Oct. 12, 1853, in this township. His lather, .lohn Y. Ditzler, son of David and Anna M. Ditzler, was born in Adams Co., Pa., March 14, 1815, and reared to the occupation of farming; he studied med- icine, however, and graduated from the .lef- ferson Medical College, and many years after at the Sterling Medical College, at Colum- bus, O.; on receiving his first diploma he came ^Vest, seeking a location, and stopped first at Kenton, and then at Marseilles; he was married April 25, 1843, to Jane Dudlej', and soon after came to this place, where he ever after lived; he had a large practice, and was loved and respected by all with whom he came in contact; he died .lune 26, 1878. Mr. Dud- lej' clerked in the drug store, which belonged to liis father, and there studied medicine; he graduated from the Cincinnati Medical Col- lege in June, 1876, and is now practicing his chosen profession; he was married Oct. 11, 1877, to Ida M., daughter of J. H. and Emma Harrod. She was born Oct. 23, 1855, and is now conducting a millinery store at this place. One child has blessed their union, Ida M. He is a stalwart Republican, and cast his first vote for R. B. Haves. CHARLES DEAN, farmer; P. O., Hunts- ville; is the eldest child of Linsy and Nancy (^Yeaver) Dean, and was born June 12, 1842, on John Warwick's plantation , near Lynch- burg, Va. According to his will, all were made free at his death, and in 1849, they were brought to Stokes Tp., this county, and col- onized on a large tract of new land w-hich was purchased for them. The Dean family con- sisted of the father and three children, the w.fe and mother having died in Virginia. The father was again married, and is now liv- ing at Springfield, O., and works at the car- penter's trade. Charles enlisted in the army and helped make up the quota of Massachu- setts, serving in Co. E, 55th Infantry. After the close of the war he returned to this coun- ty, and was married Dec. 9, 1865, to Mrs. Sarah Jane Harvey. He has devoted his whole attention to agricultural pursuits, and now owns a home of his own. He has a fam- ily of six children — Mary Alice, Ida Rosa, Elrena, Maggie, Harvey and Nancy. Mr. Dean and I'annly belong to the United Pres- byterian Church. He has always been a Re- puliliraii. .rOHX DENNY, farmer; P. O., Huntsville; is the eldest chdd and oidy son of three chil- dren, and was born July 14, 1802, near ■*^^ ^k^ 820 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: AUei^hany City, Penn. His father, Dennis Den- ny, was born in county IJoncgal, Irt^land, and Was there married, and after havinir l)een blessed witli two cliiidren lie eniiirrated, in 1T8-1 to the Xew ^\'orM, w-ith the intention of sendiii!^ for his family, if favorably imiiressed with the country. His wife soon dietl, how- ever, and he returned and brought over his two sons. He was here married to Eunice McLauirhlin, a native of the Emerald Isle, and in Its 14 moved to Warren Co., O., where he lived five years, and then came to Clarke Co., where he died Oct. 29, 1820. The motli- er and one sister always made their home with John from that time, and he supported them until their death; the mother de- jjiirting- this life AuaignCo. Hav- ing j)urthased 400 acres of military land in this township in 1820, the following year Samuel and lamily moved thither, and the brother came si.\ numths later, being accom- panied by his two sisters. They all lived in the same house at first, but their families be- coming larger and rather too n\nnerous for one pioneer honu', they divided the farm in 1832, and each went to himself. Samuel died May 5, 18.J2, and his loving companion N(jv. 17, 185!). Both of thi-se pioneers were liigh'v esteemed and respected, and left an interest- ing family of children — Nancy, born .Ian. 4, 1812, who nuirried H. Sutherlaml; l{ausiness and returned to this State in ISiil, on business of a private character. Wliih; here he enlisted in Coiii])any A, 2iid. O. v. 1., and served for three years ; he was woiindetl at the liattle of Hoover's (»ap, and from that time was in the invalid cor])S. He fanned until 18G1(, when he became interested McARTHUR TOWNSHIP. 825 in a saw-mill and followed that business until quite recently, when he rented it and moved to his farm. He was married Aug. 31, 1S70, to Xauey M., daughter of Thomas and Naomi Ale.Kander ; she was born in Carroll Co., and was living in Hardin Co. at the time of her marriage. Their eldest child died, and those living are — Naomi Ann, and Laura Edith. Mr. Miller and wife are members of the United Presbyterian Church. He is a Republican, and cMSt his first ballot for John C. Fremont. HENRY MERCHANTELL, farmer; P. O., Huntsville; is the otdy son of a family of six children, who were reared to maturity; he was born Dec. 14, 18.34, in Hesse Cassel, German}'. His father, Dietrich Merchantell, was a miller and millright by trade, and his father owned a fine mill projierty which was confisc.ited and destroyed during the " Seven Years' AYar." Henry was apprenticed to a shoe- maker when 14 j'ears of age, and served him three 3'ears, and after working for another party nearly two years, induced his ]iarcnts to let him come to America, as he wished to escape service in the regular army. H ■ landed at New Orleans in December, 1853, with only ^3 in his pocket, and as soon as possible returned the price of his passage to his par- ents, who had paid it for him. The following March ho came to Cincinnati, and stayed there otdy six months, when he came to Greene Co., and lived there until 1805, when he moved to where he now resides. He worked at his trade in Greene Co., and did a very good and successful business, keeping as high as eight hands during the busy season. He worked at it, also, after coming to the farm, but has paid most of his attention to the improvement and cultivation of his land. It was a dreary and desolate looking place, and many predicted that the " Dutchman would starve to death." And although he knew nothing about farming, he jjaid strict atten- tion to his business, and has now one of the most valuable and interesting homes in the township. He was married Sept. 11, 1856, to Martena, daughter of Samuel and Emily Thatcher. She was born Oct. 17, 1838, in Greene Co. They have two children living — Etnily M. and Lucy .1. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, and of the Metho- dist Episcopal Chinch, and for many years has been well coimected with the Sabbath School as Teacher and Sirperintendent. He has been unfortunate in his family relations, and a man of less will power would have broken down financially as well as morally. But he has been remarkably successful, and is now wealthy. He has always been a Re- publican. EBENEZER MILROY, farmer; P. O., Northwood; was born July 9, 182'2, in Liv- ingston Co., N. Y. ; his father, James Milroy, was born in Scotland, and bred to the occu- pation of farming; he was married to Mary Mc.Jerrow, and about the year 1819 emigra- ted to this country with his family, which then consisted of five members, and settled in the above named county. The country was quite new, and they endured many privations, which mere incident to early settlers in that country. Ebenezer remained under the pa- rental roof until the fall of 1847, when he started West for the purpose of securing himself a home; he traveled by water to Milwaukee, and after rambling through parts of Wisconsin and Illinois, he returned to this township, intending to spend the winter with a brother who had come here several years previously; receiving intelligence of his lather's sickness, and desiring to reach home as soon as possible, he bought a horse and made the trip on horseback, but did not ar- rive until alter his father's burial; Sept. 28, 1848, he was married to .Mary A., daughter of David and Mary A. (Ross) Morrow; she was born in Wyoming Co., N. Y., Sept. 20, 1840. After marriage they united witli the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and then set out for Wisconsin to establish their own home. After years of patient labor and in- dustry they accumulated a handsome property, but wishing to be more convenient to a church and school, they moved to this town- ship, in June, 1870, and bought a farm con- venient to both. Mrs. Milroy died March 2, 1877, having borne si.x children, the four eld- est dying in 1864, all within six weeks. Those living are Ebenezer and Mary Agnes, named for their parents. Mr. Milroy has already made a vast improvement on his farm, hav- ing built a beautiful and commodious house, besides other buildings of a convenient and tasty character, and now surrounded by his family of intert>sting children, he can look forward to a happy future. ,|^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: WILLFAM M( KINNON, farmer; P. O., Huiitsvillo; is one of tlie most ptospcroiisand woll-kiiowii fanners in the township, and a descendant of one of the early setth^rs of the State. His grandfather, Daniel McKinnon, was a native of Pennsylvania, and was there married to Nancy Harrison, a cousin of Gen. Harrison. Mr. McKinnon was a close con- nection of Col. Crawford's, and moved to Kentufkv, where he lived a short time, and then came to what is now Clarke Co., when there were only two houses, where now is Spriiijffield, O. ; he settled on Buck's Creek, and served as Sheriff, wlien his territory em- braced several of our present prosperous coun- ties. His I'lilest son, William H. McKinnon, was there married to Kittic Foley, a native of Rockingham Co., Va., and who was brought to that county when in her cliildhood. Wil- liam served in the war of ISl'i, was an officer, and liel|)cd l)uild several block-houses in the present limits of Logan Co.; he moved here in 1839, and was ever after a resident of the county; he sorveil as Astiociate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and was also Justice of the Peace, an office he had held in Clarke Co. for tw(!nty-four years; lie died in J SGI, his wife having died in 18.")."). Their son, who is the subject of this sketch, was born Jan. l(j, ISvO, and has done for liimsilf since his ma- jf)rity ; as a farmer and stock dialer he has been uniformly succi-ssful, and now owns over 500 acres of land, altluuigli he has decreased his real estate nearly one-half during the last few years; he was marrieil March i:i, 1856, to Sarah, daughter of .lohn Denny. She was born Dec. I'J, 1837, and has been a wise and efficient helpmeet to him. Their union has been blessed with eight children, six of whom are living — John D., Lucinda, Dennis, Faimie, Willie G. and Carrie. The eldest three have attendt.-d college at Delaware, O. The pa rents and three children are members of the MetliodistKpiscopal Church, and the eldest son is a nn'mlier(jf Ihe Presbyterian Chur.'h. Mr. .\IcKiMnon is identified with the Ki-publican J)arty. JOHNSON MOUKIS, farmer; P. (J., Huntsville; is one of the prominent farmers of this township, and comes of a highly respected family. His grandfather, Joseph Morris, was born in .Maryland, and although raided to funning pursuits, when yet young commenced preaching in the Old School Bap- tist denomination, which he followed through life, but did not relinquish farming. He Wiis married in New Jersey to Levina Drake, and came to Kentucky soon after, where he lived many years, and then came to Clarke Co., O., and entered a piece of Government land, on which he lived until his death, having reared a family of fourteen children. One of these, James, was there married to Martha Henry, who was born in Kentuck;-, and came to that county the same year as the Morris family. He always devoted his attention to agricultu- ral pursuits, and died there April 11, 1846; his comj)anion, who yet survives him, lives on the old homestead. They were blessed with eleven children, the eldest of whom is the subject of this sketch, and was born Jan. 12, 1825. At his father's death he became the chief supporter of the family, and did nothing for himself until his marriage, Feb. 3, 1851, to Rebecca, daughter of Jesse and Polly (Mor- ris) Dairy niple. She was born Sept. 11, 1827, and two years after their marriage they moved to this county and bought a farm in Wash- ington Tp., on which they lived until Octo- ber, 1871, when they moved to their present home. Their union has produced four chil- dren — Martha E., James K., Mary Minerva and Alli(; B. The eldest is married to J. B. Collins. Mr. Morris owns over 300 acres of land. He is a member of the Agri- cultural Society, and is now serving his hfth year as Trustee. He served in Co. C, 132d b. N. G., and is identified with the Republi- can ])arty, having cast his first vote for (ien. Taylor. S. KKNTOX MILI.FR, farmer; P. O., Belletontaine; is a son of James and Jane (Harrod) Miller, and was born April 16, 1835, in this comity. He is a self-made man, and now owns over 200 acres of land, obtained by his own industry and good management; he ran a threshing machine for many years, and has dealt ijuitc largely in stock, although he was never a shi])per; has always been con- nected with farming, and, in 1862, he and a brother-in-law rented tlu; James Stewart farm for three years, which proved a paying ven- ture. He was married April 24, 186G, to .Sarah K., davighter of Klias Shawver. She was born .(une 15, 1846, in this county. They have been blessed with four children, three -■f — *- -^ McARTHUR TOWNSHIP. 827 of whom are living — Udora L., William Ar- thur and Luther B. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has always been a Democrat, and voted first for James Buchanan. Mr. Miller has a jjleasant home and a fine farm on which he has erected commodious and convenient build- in n;s. ROBERT MILLER, farmer; P. O., Hunts- ville; is one of the prosperous and energetic farmers of this township, and is a thorough business man; he was born March 2li, 1829, in Champaign Co,; his father, James Miller, was reared in Kentuckv, and came to Ohio at an early day and settled in Champaign Co.; | he was married, however, in this township, to Jane Harrod. This was the first marrige in this township, and he took his wife back to Champaign Co., where they lived for sev- eral j'ears, and about 1835 he moved to this county, which was ever after his home. He did not buy a farm, however, until some ten years later, and then bought a tract of new land in the northern part of Harrison Tp., on which he died in May, 18T!); his wife died in 1838, an. < ). F., and In- depi-niliMit Order uf |{ci| Men. DAVID I'.VTTKKSON, farmer; P. O., Iluiit.sviile; is one of the early settlers of this townHhi)), to which he moved more than half a century ago; he was born May 15, 1810, near Belfast, Ireland. His father, Abraham Patterson, kept store until the breaking out of the Irish Rebellion, in which he serveil as Captain; he was married to Martha Gouiley, who bore him nine children, and in 1818, with his entire family, emigrated to the Xew World, settling in Mercer Co., Pa., where they lived until 1830, when he moved to this town- ship; he and two sons bought 500 acres of military land, which they divided equally; he was an ardent believer in the doctrines of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and the first one of that denomination in this community; he helped build the first church, and attendi'd Ciiurcli Synod at Pittsburgh on horsi'back; he died in 1855, aged 89 years, his wife having died three years previous, aged 80 years. Da- vid cleared his father's farm, doing most of it himself; he woidd often go five miles to rais- ings and log-rollings, and often went thirty days during one sprino;; he has never left the old homestead, but brought his wife there when married, Jan. 9, 1837, to Jane, daughter of John and Betsey Wylie. She was born April 5, 1810, in Beaver Co., Pa., and came to this county in 1834. Their union was blessed with three children, one of whom is living. Believing in the aiiolition of slavery, he helped many of them on their way to the North, otwe g>- five children, of whom Robert S. was the eldest. .Mr. Reed was afterwards married to Hannah tiraiiam. a native of York Co., Penn., and near 1S;5U moved to Greene Co. He preiiticed to a wool manufacturer when in liis ITth year, and remained witli liim over three years, learning to "full cloth" while there. He then went to S])rinirfieid and worked some four years. March 4, 1845, he came to this covinty and bougiit a saw mill, which he conducted for eiglit years, and then wont to farming. He has develojx'd a fiiu> farm from the dense forest, anil his iiealth l)e- ctnning (juite jioor, he moved to Huntsville in 187<'i, to ol)tairi (piiet and rest, although lie has |)erfornieil no hard labor in the last twelve years. His marriage was solemnizelieaii. SANH'EL G. ROGERS, farmer; P. < )., Xorthwood; was born .lune 14, 1817, in High- land Co., O. His father, known as Col. Thomas Rogers, was born in Loudoun Co.; \'a., and when 7 years old the family moved to Kenluiky; when 18 years of agi' In- and a brother came to this State, and the same sjiring put out a croj). They heljied erect the tliiiil log cabin iu (Jhillicothe, and the year following their arrival x\w rest of the family moved to this State and settled in Ross Co., on the farm on which the State Mills were built. Thomas was there married to Polly McCoy, and soon after moved to Highland Co., where his father liatl bought a large tract of land; by years of patient toil he at length cleared ujj a handsome home from the wild and primitive forest; he served as a Colonel in the war of ISVi, and surrendered with Hull at Detroit; he died at Greenfield in June, 18^."), in his 9)rd year, having reared twelve i^liildren to maturity. One son, \Villiani, was a missionary to India ten years, and three others served in the late war. Samuel, tiie subject of this sketch, lived under the pa- rental roof until his marriage, in 1840, to Ann Eliza Ghonuley, who was born in Fay- ette Co. in 18"^:5. in April, 1844, he moved to Stokes T]i., in this county, and bought a small tiact of slightly improved land; he kept adding to it until Oct. 1, 18G3, when he moved t<} where he now lives; he cleared nearly 100 acres there, and cast the first ^Yhig vote in that township; he has an interesting family of children— Maggie X., William C, David "P., lA'vi?iia J., Robert Shepherd, Thomas A., Os- car, Mary A. and (/'larence. Three of these are inarrii'd. O.scar was shot accidentally a few vears ago. The jiarents and children arr members of the United Presbyterian Cliimli. He cast his first Presidential ballot for Har- rison, and is now a liepublican. RACHEL SHELBY, Huntsville. The liis- torv of this counlv would be incomplete without mention being made of the Shelby family, who are well known throughout the whole county. The head of the family, John, but better known as Judge Shelby, was born in Pennsvlvania, Aug. 9, 1783, and was of Welsh descent; his father, David Shelby, served with credit iu the Revolutionary War, and in 1794 moved to Pickaway Co., O., ami followed farming; he represented the jieople of that district in the Legislature for eighteen vears, lieing in the Senate most of the time. John lived at home until his marriage in 180('> to Elenor Morris, who was born Aug. ">.', 1786, in Pennsylvania, and came to this State in ]79."i; in the spring of 180!l he came to ll^ McARTHUR TOWNSHIP. 831 this county and bought a farm, and having put out a crop he returned and brought his wife and two small children to his new home; he traded that for a farm near Lewistown, and when he had improved it he owned one of the best stock farms in this county; he sold it, however, in 1854, and moved to this place and bought a small tract of land, as he wished for a retired life; he died Oct, 1, 1862, and Logan Co. thus lost one of her honored and respected citizens; he had served in the * Legislature, being several terms in each branch and was there at the same time his father represented Pickaway Co.; for many years he served as Associate .Judge, and was a Democrat of the most pro- nounced character; he was the father of a family of seven children, only two of whom are living', the eldest son having been in Iowa many years, and Rachel, the fifth in number, is livino- with and takino- care of her aged mother; she was born in this county Dec. 14, 18"20; the familv have always been identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church. SAMUEL STEWART, mill; Huntsville; is one of the most widely known and univer- sally respected citizens of this township; he is a son of James and Mary (Dallass) Stewart, and was born Dec. 23, 1814, in County Ty- rone, Ireland; his father was a farmer by oc- cupation, and in 1820, with his family, which then consisted of seven persons, emigrated to America and settled in Champaign Co., O. In the spring of 1830 lie moved to this coun- ty, where he had previously bought 025 acres of military land, mostly prairie, and alt '.n this township; he paid personal attention to the farm during his life-time, although lie built the well known " Stewart's mill," in 1836, but had no knowledge of the mill business and did not learn it; he died in 1856, and his companion died several years later. Samuel worked on the farm until the mill was built, when he entered it and has been connected therewith ever since, excejit a short time that it was owned by Jacob Austine. In 1873 he bought the mill built by Jonathan ^^'ood- ward, and ever since he and his two young- est sons have conducted them, doing a large custom trade besides filling their many whole- sale orders. He owns a large farm, also, which is conducted by the two oldest sons; he was married in 1839 to Nancy Liggitt, who died nearly one year thereafter, and in 1845 he was united to Clarissa Stevenson, at Kenton. She died in 1846, having borne one child, Cj'nthia A., now the wife of John M. McCracken; he was afterward united to Miss Nancy King, daughter of Alexander King; she died Dec. 4, 1878, leaving six children — James D., William A., .John K., Samuel L., Mary C. and Flora M.; William and Flora are married. Mr. Stewart is a member of the United Presbyterian Church, in which he is a Deacon. He is a Rc])uhlican, and cast his first ballot for Henrv Clav. THOMAS SCOTT, .lu'., farmer; P. O., Northwood; among the first pioneers <.)f this township, we take jjleasun- in mentioning the Scott family, as among the prominent and well known. The head of the family was Thomas Seott, Sr., who was a native of Mary- land, and from there moved to Pennsylvania, residing successively in three different coun- ties, and in 1810 moved to J^ieking Co., O., where the subject of this sketch was born, March 15, 1812. In August. 1822, the family moved to this township, and settled in Chero- kee, moving into a rude and hastily con- structed cabin, and soon after their arrival, Sanuiel Scott, Thomas's father, tiled, being the first white man to die in this township. The spring following their arrival the township was organized, and the first election held, there being only thirteen voters. Mr. Scott was unanimously chosen .Justice; an t)tfice he held about twenty years. About the year 1841 he moved to Allen Co., and lived there un- til his death, Feb. 18, 1852, except a short tune that he retiu-ned to this county. Thomas, Jr., received most of his education before he came to this county, as there were no schools for several years after his arrival; the settlement being too sparse to su])port a school. He re- ceived a thorough drilling on the farm, how- ever, and at his mother's death, when he was 17 years old, he comjnenced working out. Having a piece of new land, and wishing to improve it, he first secured a helpmeet in the person of Agnes, daughter of Abraham and Martha Patterson. Their marriage occiu-red Dec. 23, 1830, and both are still living. They have four children — Maitha .J., Tliomas M., Sarah A. and Abraham P. Three of these are married, the youngest farming on the home- stead. Both sons were in the service, and the ~^': ■t. 832 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : parents and tliree yoiiiifi'cst childipn aii» nicin- bers of the United Pieshyterian Cluncii. He is tlie discoverer of wliat is known as the " Scott " wheat, coinnn'iiciiifj; with three heads, that lie found while rea|)inre they now live, in Lake Tp., and bouijht a quarter section of land, the only improvement being a partly built cabin. The ])rivations were not few, and George, being the eldest son, was com- pelled to work when young, and therefore, received only a meager education ; his par- ents are both living, having enj() acres of land, nearlv one- third of wliii-li he has cleared himself; he was married March 111, |S.">7, in Cham|iaign Co., to .Mary Ai>ple ; she was born there Feb. K, 1.S3H, and is a daughter of Solomon and Catharine .Apple, who came there at an early day ami secured a farm of military land, which is yet in the family's possession. One child died and two are living — Catharine and Margaret A. Both he and his wif(! joined the Lutheran ( 'hurcli before their marriage. He has always been a Democrat. JOHN M. TEN EYCK, jihysician and sur- geon; Iluutsville; is the youngest but one of a fainilv of nine children, and was born Jan. •>r>, 1849, in Wayne Co., Ind. His father, also named John, was a native of New Jersev, and was a veterinary surgeon by jirofession, but farmeil some occasionally; from there he went to Montgomery Co., O., and then to the county before mi^itioned, where he was mar- ried to Louisa Pegg, a native of North Caro- lina, then residing in Indiatia; he die eldest children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church; he was a Democrat in early life, Init has been a Repviblican since the organization of that party. JANE WRIGHT, Huntsvillc; is the eldest of a family of 13 children, and was born April 28, 1798, in Kentucky. Her fath9r, Thomas Irwin, was a native of Pennsylvania, and went from there to Kentucky, where he was married to Mary Thompson. In 1800 he came to this State and settled in Champaign Co. He served as a guard at McPherson's lilock- house during the war of 1813, and died near Bellefontaine. Jane was early inured to hard labor, and worked in a dairy eleven voaro. She was married to Joseph T. Wright March 1, 1827. He was a son of William ami Jane Wright, and was born .Inne 10, 1803, in Adams Co., O. After marriage they lived in Champaign Co. until 1835, when they bought a quarter section of land near Quincy, for $300, and on Christmas moved on their farm, the house having no door, window, chimney or chinking. In this they lived until the fol- lowing summer, when it was made more com- fortable. Mrs. Wright assisted her husb.ind in the duties of the farm, and for many years j took in weaving. In 1858 they moved to I Quincy, and in January, 1805, sold their prop- j erty and came to Nortliwood, where he died Sept. 18, 1808. Their union was blessed wit.i j two children — Mary J. and William. Both have taught school, the son graduating at (Ox- ford College, and studied theology there, re- ceiving license to preach in 1853. He was principal of the schools at Xenia, and at Richmond, Ind., one year each. He died in March, 1873, at Grand Rapids, ( )., where he was teaching school and- preachina-. The whole family became identified with the Uni- ted Presbyterian Church many j-ears ago, Mr. Wright serving as Elder about 25 years. DAVID G. WALLACE, farmer; P. O., Huntsville ; is a son of Rev. James Wallace?, deceased, and was born July 3, 1839, in this township ; his lather was born in York Co., Pa., Nov. 10, 1801, and was son of D.ivid and Mary Wallace ; he was reared to the occupa- tion of farming, but having embraced religion in eai-ly life, he determined to devote his 11 le to the ministry, and alter attending school at various places he graduated at Jefferson Col- lege, Cannonsburgh, Pa., in 1827 ; he re- ceived license to preach in 1830, and his first appointments were embraced in the Caro- linas. In 1832 he was called to the Darby and Bellefontaine congregations, and as a majority of the members lived in the vicinity of Cherokee, he liought a tract of new land near by which he cleared and improved, besides >y' 834 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: attending to his professional duties. His latter vears were devoted especially to the Iluntsville charge, iVom which he withdrew in 1861. He was married Sept. 30, 1833, to Jane Pollock, of Washington Co., Pa.; she died Sept. 14, 1803, having borne five children, the eldest of whom, William P., was fatally wounded at Knoxville, Tenn., and is sleeping in a Southern ccsnieter}'. Mr. W'allace was married in 1S66 to Mrs. Mary A. McKce, and died Nov. 30, 1878. David is living on a ])art of the old homestead, and has always heen a tiller of the soil ; he served in the 132nd, O. N. G., and was married Nov. 1, 18li'J, to Mary .1., daughter of Rol)ert S. and and Martha (HoverJ Heed ; she was born in this countv Aj)ril 4, 1847. Their union has produced si.\ children — Nellie I., William R., James T., Martha J., Edward R., and Salina A. Both he and wife arc members of the United Presbyterian Church, of which he is Deacon. He has always l)een a Republican. MARY A. WATS()N, Huntsville; was born July 7, 1817, in Hartford Co., Md.; her father, John W. Crawford, was a native of that county, and was thorr married to Rebec- ca Rogers; he was a lilacksuiith by trade,and in 18'-i4 moved to this State and locat:iid ^(j,-l:()U; in four years after he purchased sixty-tive acres of Mr. Strayer, and some time after purchased ninety acres in Shelhv Co.; he now owns 1518 acn^s of well- improved land, for which he has been ofTered ^80 per acre; his land is one mile from De- (iralf; he has tine buildings located on a beautiful rise of land that overlooks the en- tire country around; his iniproveniciits are valued at $U,00(); he was married in 1800 to .Miss Catherine Forry, who was born in 1841, in I.ogan Co., Harrison Tp.; they have three children — I-innie C, Annie B. and .Mary M.; .Mr. llostctter springs from a rich family; his father was worth about ^■^5,000, and his grand- fat her about ;J!.jO,OtlO, and he himself is probably worth what they both were, for he is thoroughly a business man; he rents his land and tries to live a retired life, but he finds that his laljor and continual oversight is necessary to keep the improvements up and the farm in order; he has about l.jO acres under good cultivation through which meanders a beauti- ful stream; he has a line, large grapery and fruits of all kinds in greatabundance; he is a cliini'h meudier; in jjolitics he is neutral; he liii> not voted for th(! last twentv-five vears. .l.V.MES 1". IIOXE, farmer; I'. ( )., Logans- ville; born in Franklin Co., ()., in 1840, and canM> to Logan Co. at '-i years of age, and lived in liloomfiehl Tp. with his parents un- til 1801, when he enlisted in the •■lUlh O.V". L, ami served till disahhMl by sickness and hard- ship, when he was honorably discharged after fifteen months' service; he fought in tin- liattles of Pittsburg Landingand Ft. Donaldson, in the fornicT witnessing the most terrific part of the battle, and |>articipating in the hottest ]>art of the light. In ISO'-i he commenced farming for liinisidf in Blooudield Tp., on SO acres of land given to him by his father-in law; in 1805 he sold out ami bought 104 acres, which he now (ici'upies. His father-in-law then gave him, in 1H7S, :?.5 acres more. Mr. Hone then purchased "il acres more, making hiui in all 159 acres, which constitutes his present farm, which he has nicely im|)roved. It borders on the east side of the Miami River, and is con- sidered the best soil in the county. He was married in 1803 to Jennie Dickson, who was born in Logan Co. in 1844, where she was brought up and has always lived. They have had six children — Alice A., born .April 13, 1804, and died Aug. 'iO, 1804; .lohn, born June 24, 1805; Willard E., Jan 5, 1808; Jijssie, June 1"-J, 1870; Ossie, April 15, 1872, and died Dec. 25, 1872; Winona, born Sept. 20, 1879. Mr. Hone has been Township Assessor for nine successive years, and holds the olfice of Real Estate A;s<>!-sor for 1880. He is a member of the Christian Church; also a Democrat. His land furnishes a beautiful building site upon which his lunis'.> now stands, and where he contemplates build- ing a sp;u-ious house next vear. SA.MUEL K1N.S1NGER. farmer; P. O., DeCiraff; born in Cundjcrland Co., Penn., in 1828, and remained .there till 1847, and then renu)ved to Ohio, and in the following fall of 1S4S he moved to Losran Co., oiu! mile east of DeGratl', where his father had purchased a larm. His father, George K., was born in Philadelphia in 1793; he commenced a poor and penniless bov, ¥50 in debt, having to pur- chase his time from a niiin to whom he was bound out as an apprentice to learn the shoe- maker's trade, and at his death owned 050 acr(!S of well improved laml, a handsome prop- erty, which he by earnest and honest lalioi- had ai(|uired. His wife was born in Penn- sylvania in 17114; her father was a veteran in theRevolutioiuiry War. .Mr. Samuel Kinsingcr commenced busini!ss for himself by entering- a ])artnership with his brother and rcMiting their father's farm, and contiiuu.'d at that t II 1850, when he married Martha E. Turner, who was born in 183') in Logan Co., where she was brought up and has always lived; her ]);irents, Joseph and Rebei'ca Turner, were the oldest settlers of the township, coming here in 1808. .Mrs. Turner was born and brought up in the State, and Joseph Turner at 10 years of age spent most of his tinn- for six years with the Indians in I,tigan Co., (-ating, sleeping, and constantly assocuiting with them. He started for himself at 22, with but 25 cents in money, and a yoke of oxen; he rented 100 acpc-s of Congress land, getting the deeds bearing President Jackson's own. T^ — ' — ( PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. 837 signature. At his death, which occurred in 1855, lie owned TdO acres of hind, which he had earned and improved by his own patient industry. Mr. Samuel Kinsinjier, after his mar- ria<^'e, moved on the present farm of 240 acres, where he has farmed it ever since, land valued at $T5 per acre. He has 160 acres under good cultivation; his home is beautiful as well as comfortalile; he has made many of the im- provements himself, valued at 'S3, 000. A spring of cool water gushes from the banks at the rear end of his house, which greatly adds to the convenience of his faim. Mr. Kin- singer has mostly fenced over his farm, build- ing house and barn, and paying *;l,50u to heirs of the family; he helped haul the logs from land DeGraff now occupies, which was long before the railroad passed through it. His grand- father, Mr. Brindle, preserved an eight dollar bill of British currencj' of 1774, and a thirty shilling script of Continental currency of 1776, which Mr. Kinsitiger now has in perfect preservation. Mrs. Kinsinger's grandfather, John Turner, was one of the first voters of the township, and also served in the war of the Revolution. They have five children liv- ing — George T., Samuel A., Albert .!., Daniel K., John R., (who died at 9 years of age) and EllaF. He and his wife and two oldest bovs are members of the Methotlist Episcopal Church. In uolitics he is a Republican. JOHN R." LONG, miller and lawyer; Logansville; born in Pennsylvania, in 1827, and lived with his uncle till 14 years of age; then he went to Seneca Co., Ohio, and farmed there one year, from whence he moved to Lo- gan Co., in the winter of 1843, driving the entire distance with a team. His uncle rent- ed a farm in Bloomfield Tp., and he remained with him three years; now being of age, he started in life for himself; he commenced surveying and working at the carpenter's trade, mastering both arts by diligent indus- try, without the aid of a teacher. In 1846 he began teaching at §8 per month, and he taught during the winter for si.x or seven years following, and worked at carpentering and surveying through summer. In 1854 he married Elizabeth Quick, who was born in Licking Co., Ohio, in 1836; he followed his regular business till 1862, when he purchased the grist and saw-mill, which he still owns and is running. It is located on the " Biff Miami River." He saws about 150,000 feet of lumber and grinds from 1,000 to 2,000 bushels of grain annually. Mr. Long is of a philosophical turn of mind, and possesses a natural skill at machinery'. He makes and repairs most everythina: pertaining to the machinery of his mill. Tlu-y have four chil- dren — Marco W., Viola, Minnie V., Edwin Grant; one child, Jessi • A., died, aged six months. Mr. Long has held the office of Su- pervisor two years, Township Clerk ten years, and has been School Director and Justice of the Peace. He was a Democrat till 1854, when he swung into the Rei>id)lican ranks, and has stood there ever since. ISAAC N. MOORE, farmer; P. O., Logans- ville; born in Logan Co., on the banks of the "Big Miami River" in 1823; owns and lives upon the farm upon which he was born. His father, .lames Moore, came to Logan Co. in 1805, and bought the farm which Isaac N. now owns. It was then all a ])athless wood; the Indian camp-fires gleaming- along the banks of the Miami was all that could be seen of human activity. One evening he counted thirteen from his cabin door. ilr. Mathews and Mr. Dickson were his only neighbors; he and Mr. Dickson purchased of the Government 400 acres of land, of which he got 106 acres. The first year he cleared 8 acres. For many years he and his wife raised their own flax and wool and spun and wove the material for their own clothing. He marketed his pro- duce at Sandusk}', which required from eight to ten days to make the journey, and then they received but 50 cents a bushel for their wheat. He gave the ground for the first graveyard in PleasantTp. In his log cabin the first preaching was done, Messrs Stephenson and Goodridge being the ministers. He and George and Peter Connors were the principal hunters of the locality, as the forests abounded in deer, bear, wolves and wild turkeys. Young Isaac recollects going with George Conners, when but a small boy, and bringing a whole wagon- load of deer. He also helped l.uiid the first log schoolhouse in the township, which was located abcmt one mile east of his residence. In this rude pioneer schooHiouse, with its log benches, Isaac was educated; his first teacher was William Skooler, who he remem- bers gave him his coat for a pillow when he became weary and sleepy, as he was only a 838 BIOGRAl'lIICVr. SKETCHES: boy of six or seven j'ears of age, a mark of kindness which he has always remembered. He also built the first grist mill in tiiis part of the county, where the Indians often ])uri;liased ilour, oft acres. ]n 1845 he married Susan DiUon, wIkj died in 1811. They had ten children in ail — .Mil- ton, Melissa, Franklin P., Detniis D., Isaac N., Jasper, Annie and Albert, twins, .\lfar- etta, Lydia M., of which Fraidvlin P. ami Isaac N. are dead; he married Mrs. Lydia J. Nickle, his second wife, in 1874, who was born in Ohio in 1840. He bougiit, in ls,58, ;30 acres of his brother, afterwaids 38 more; Then bought 100 acres of .lohn Uardon for *5J,5(I0, and sold .50 for *!l,4(H». They after- ward bouirht 80 acres of John Dickson, and then !l acres at *]00 per acre. He now owns 2S'i aen'S of land, including the old home- stead, valueil at ^iS |)er acre. He does a thriving l)usini'ss in farmiuir; he has dealt largely in slock for the last tilteen years; he deals jirineipally in hogs, cattle and sheep; he has driven in one week to I5cll<'l'(iritaini' Tiil) head of hogs, and still is buying and ship])ing. He is a l)i'n\ocrat. W. D. PII'KIJ, fanner; P. ()., l.ogan.sville; born in Kentucky in ISOS, and at 1(» years of age he moved with his father to Logan Co., which then was a part of Champaign Co.; his father, Alexander, commenced fur himself a poor and penniless youth, and made a nice property in Kentucky, which he sold with a vii'w to c(jming tu Ohio, but the man he sold to ]>rf>ved to be a rascal, anil to Miss Jane Urunson, who was born in Kentucky in ISH, and died in 1852, and Mr. Piper, through the love and de- votion which lie cherislieil for his first wife, has never married a second. They had the following children — Alexander, who died at i'i; Elizabeth, .lohn, Mary E. and .Martha Jiine (twins), William J. and Sophrona. Mr. Piper'.s early education was very limited, go- ing to school in all about three months, and that was in a rude log schoolliouse, the first that was built in the townshiji, east of the |nesent site of LogansviUe; but by h's own diligence he eihicated himsidf by the fireside of his own cabin, for at that time there were no newspa])ers in the cmuitry, and l)ut few books to interest the youth, and he studiously ein])loyed his leisure hours over his le.\t books; he is in every sense a self-made man; has held the ofUce of Assessor of the Town- ship for fourteen years, and in politics has alwavs been a Republican. He never has had a lawsuit in his life, and lived in harmony with all his neighbors, and is revered and respected bj' all who know him. When he came into the county there were no houses except Indian huts between his present resi- dence and Wajiaucaiiata, a distance of twen- ty-five miles. Tliey then marketed their grain at the Lake, getting mostly trade in exchange, rarely but little money. Those were "times tluit tried men's souls." .M.\UT1N L. HOllK'KK, fanner; P.O., Lo- gansviUe; was born in Champaign Co., O., in 1K;}5, where he remained initil 21 years of age, when he removed to Logan Co., and pur- chased )t08 acres of land located on the west bank of the .Miami river, of which land he now owns 2()8 acres, valued at ^7'> \nT acre; he has cleared the most of it by his own labor, and nicely improved it, and has selected a nice rise of land overlooking the river for the location of a new house, which he has already begun; the most of his land is what is called "second bottom," very productive as well as ^-^ jH® PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. 839 valuable; he hauled his first load of grain in this county to DeGraff, which consisted then of but few dwellings, hastily built, among the stumps and brush; he was married in 1855 to Miss Laura Deppe, who died in 1860, leaving three children — Sarah E., born Mav 1 5, 185G; Mary. Jane, born April 30, 1858, and Daniel, born Nov. 26, 1859. He married his second wife, Katherine Moore, in 1862, who has been an invalid for the past six years. She is a member of the Christian Church at Logans- ville. They have had three children — Louis B., born June 26, 1864, who died Jan. 16, 1865; Anna A., born Jan. 23, 1866, and Naomi L., May 12, 1868. Mr. Rohrer is a member of the Baptist Church at Nettle Creek; he has held tlie office of Township Trustee for eleven years; is now serving liis second term as Town Clerk. His mother, Sarah Rohrer Snvder, died in 1874, at his residence, in her 60th year; she for fifteen years had been an exemplary member of the Baptist Churc'h at Nettle Creek. Mr. Rohrer is a man of exten- sive information, and is widely known as an inilueiitial citizen. R. J. SMITH, teacher and farmer; P. O., Logansvillo; born in Pleasant Tp., in 1832, and remained at home till 18 years of age. He worked by the month on the farm the fol- lowing summer, then attended select school at Lewiston; he worked eighteen summers for Mr. Dickson, at Logansville, teaching school during the winters; he taught his first term of school when 18 years of ag-e, in Bloomfield Tp. Mr. Smith started life for himself at 21, with nothing but his ein])ty, bul willing hands, his father claiming all his earnings until he became of age. He pur- chased a team and for a time rented land. In 18T1 he ])urchased what was called the .John P^llis farm; fanning that till 18i(i, he sold out and purchased 80 acres in Washington Tp., which he still owns; he rents the Dickson farm, and teaches school through the winter. As a teacher he has been a grand success, teaching twelve terms in District No. 1, and six terms at Logansville. Mr. Smith is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow Lodges; he has held the office of Town Clerk for ten consecutive years, and is now serving his fifth year as Township Treasurer; has traveled through Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia, West Virginia, Indiana, and Illi- nois; visited the great Centennial Exhibition at Philadeljihia, in 1876. Politics, Democrat. Mr. Smith has worked his own way in the world, and now stands on solid footing-. WILLIAM J. SMITH, farmer; P. O., De- Graff ; was born in Clarke Co., O., in 1830, and at 1 year of age came to Logan Co.; his father, William, was born in Clarke Co. in 1803, and remained there until 1831, when he moved to Logan Co., where he remained till his death, dying at the age of 71, or nearly that; he started in life a poor boy and with empty hands began life's toil; he accumulated a handsome little property, owning at one time 338 acres of land; his wife, Sarah Stock- well, was born in Highland Co., O., in 1813. William J. Smith started life for himself at 21 bj' renting his father's farm for two v. ars, and then bought 150 acres in Miami Tp., farmed that, and commenced stock-raising. In 1855 he was married to Evelin'! Strayer, who died eh>ven ujonths after; in the sjiring of 1859 he married his S(!cond wife, Sarah ,1. Raredon, who was born and brought up in Logan Co.; Mr. Smith then moved on the farm he had previously purchased, of 150 acres, and then renewed farming and com- menced stock-dealing; in 1865 he moved from his, farm and rented 178 acres of his father, at the same time keeping the stock on his own place; two years after he bouglit the farm he was renting-, which, in 1832, was purchased by his grandfather, John Smith, who had seen it dining the war of 1SI2, as he was a solilior in frontier service, stationed near the present site of Logansville; in 1878 his wife inherited 100 acres from her father's estate, which they annually rent. Mr. Sndlh spends most of his time raising, buying and shipj)ing stock; he deals largelj' in cattle, sheep and hogs; is now feeding 110 head of hogs; he buys considerable grain in the course of a year to feed his growing- herds; he is now breeding- principally blooded stock, sliort-horn- Durham in cattle, Marino shee]) and Poland China hogs; at the county fair last year he received the first premium for presenting the finest hog, and also the first premium on a blooded cow, and second premium on a blooded bull, which clearly shows that he is raising some of the finest stock in the county; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has always voted the Republican -, 840 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ticket; they have five chil'lren — Alma Fran- ces, p](iwiii.'^ee(rar, Kva Floreiioe, Luclla .May and Wilhcr Lorain. Mr. Smith commencied in the world with hut iS300, and is now rec- Ofinized as one of the most profrrossive and influential citizcMis of the (•onmiunity. KI-ZA ST()("K\\'ELL, drugjvist;" Lotrans- ville; born in Pleasant Tp., ()., in 185.5; he remained at home and worked on the farm till 'i'S years of a<^e, when he started business for himself in DeGratF. After continuiiiir there for a time he returned home, and remained till .July 3, 1.ST8, when he eom- menced business in Loa^ansville, in which he he is still prosjjerouslv eii<;;ai^ed. He mar- ried in July, 1879, Miss Sarah K. Barnes, who was horn in Ohio in ISol). They have had one child, which is dead. HP:NRY Y(JU\G, farmer and merchant: P. ()., Lojransville; horn in Stark Co., ()., in 1813, where he resided till of anje,' when he started out for himself with but 50 cents. He was mar- ried in 1833 to .(ulia Ann Koulk; lie worked in the harvest field after his niariiat: Samuel, Dec.aO, 1835, and died Sept. 10, 1S51, being instantly killed by the horses running away at Ashlev; Sallv. born Sept. 18, 1837; .Jacob, Jan. I), 1840; Leah, Sept. 1, 184rl. and died Oct. 'iU, 1S55, from the effects of injuries rec ived by falling from the stairs in the night, being called by- her father, she became bewildered and fell; Harvev.born May 31. 1.844; .Maramla, .March 3, 1S45; .Julia Ann, .Ian. •>, 1847; Juli- ette, Oct. -,'8, 18.10. Mrs. Young lo.st the use of her hand at 7 years of age, but has always done her own work, and for many years spun and wove their own cloth, besides making much for others. Mr. and Mrs. Young are now living quietly and retired, comfortably situated, and nicely located, to enjoy the re- maining years of their lives. ^-