LIBRARY OF CONGRE! bfllb^ST VERMONT FARMS Some Facts and Figures Concerning the Ag- ricultural Resources and Opportunities of the Green Mountain State Issued by THE VERMONT.\^UREAU Op'iPUBLICITY Sjl/w^^ OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE ESSEX JUNCTION, VERMONT S45 THE CAI.EDONIAN COMPANY Sr. JOHNSBUKY, VKHMONT JAN 8 19H SOME VERMONT AGRICULTURAL FACTS What inducements can Vermont offer an ambitious, Avide-awake farmer to settle in the Green mountain state? That is a fair question and demands an equally fair answer. Any satisfactory answer must include information regarding agricultural resources, opportunities and profits. An impression has been created, and has been accepted in very many quarters as a fact, to tlie effect that upon the broad prairies of the West was the place of all others where money might be made in farming, but impressions often are misleading and some- times are incorrect. This little book will undertake to show, not by empty boasts and rhetorical statements, but by well authenticated facts and figures, that the state of Vermont offers opportunities for profitable farming equal to all and superior to most of the states of the Union. But somebody will say that Vermont is a little state, consisting mostly of mountains, that her soil is rocky and sterile, and that it is ridiculous to claim that this little commonwealth can be compared with the great states of the Middle West as a profitable farming- region. It is true that Vermont is a mountainous state, and her people are proud of the fact. Her mountains are a source of strength and beauty, but they are useful as well as beautiful. They condense the moisture that the clouds bear inland* from the Atlantic ocean and make possible the abundant verdure which has given to these lofty hills their familiar and appropriate name, the Green Mountains. The.y furnish excellent timber, and the hill country affords that won- derful pasture land which has put Vermont in the lead of all other commonwealths as a dairy state, taking area and population into account. Nothing could be farther from the truth, however, than the idea that Vermont contains only small and undesirable farms, or that the soil of Vermont is sterile and that this is an unprofitable agri- cultural state. Theodore N. Vail today is one of America's great captains of industry. Probably no great industrial leader of modern times has shown a keener comprehension of the statesmanship of business than Mr. Vail. His opinion concerning industrial affairs is that of an expert. Listen to what he says of Vermont in the following state- ment printed in a magazine : ^'Agriculture including all its branches is its (Vermont's) great- est asset and in this is the greatest industrial possibility. The back- bone of Vermont's future will be its agricultural resources, and will be the source from which the w^ealth and comfort of its people will be largely drawn. The cheap competition of the West is past. Produc- tion of grain, meats, all that land produces, will never again be met with that competition from the great farms of the West where crops Vermont Farms were raised almost without labor and where all were producers. Eastern prices for all that Vermont can raise and produce will always be remunerative for those who produce intelligently. Thrift and industry directed by intelligence will always be prosperous m Ver- mont. With a little painstaking instruction Vermont boys can be taught how to make the hillside and valley homes more desirable than any they can find by wandering. ''Vermont dairy products are the standard. Vermont beef could not be surpassed in the days when every farm had, and will have again, those big steers and oxen. Vermont mutton is not excelled in the world. Vermont fruit, particularly its apples, are inferior to none when given proper attention. Vermont horses are the best foundation stock from which to breed such horses as are now necessary to meet the market requirements." Maxwell Evarts, one of the prominent lawyers of this country, a son of William M. Evarts, one of America's well-known statesmen, has said of Vermont that ' ' alone of all New England she has withstood the agricultural competition of the West. This competition is now ended and Vermont is coming forward with great strides to her old place of a leader among the farming states." Both Mr. Vail and Mr. Evarts have shown their faith in Vermont by establishing their homes and cultivating farms in the Green mountain state. Prof. E. H. Farrington, head of the department of dairy husbandry in the University of Wisconsin, recently visited Vermont, and declared as a result of his visit that Vermont is a much misunder- stood state. He had no idea there was so much fertile land here and he said that the people of the West had the same mistaken opinion of the size of our farms. He expressed the belief that Vermont was one of the best parts of the country in which a man might engage in farming, mentioning the cheapness of the land and the nearness to markets as important inducements. He found our farms prosper- ous and the average farm homes even better than those in the West. Professor Farrington 's idea that there are no big farms in Vermont was dispelled by visits to various parts of the state. To those who have not seen our broad and fertile farms, and who hold the same erroneous opinion, it may be well to call attention to the last census report, which shows the size of the average farm in the United States to be 138.1 acres, and the size of the average Vermont farm to be 142.6 acres. The size of the average farm in the states of the Central West is as follows : Ohio, 88.6 acres ; Indiana, 98.8 acres ; Illinois, 129.1 acres; Michigan, 91.5 acres; Wisconsin, 118.9 acres; Minnesota, 177.3 acres; Iowa, 156.3 acres. Only two of these states surpass Vermont in the size of the average farm. A Few Fertility Facts A Few Fertility Facts Those persons who have considered Vermont soil barren will do well to consider the following facts compiled from the United States census and crop reports : Last year only eight states raised more bushels of corn per acre than Vermont. For the past four years the average number of states raising more corn per acre than Vermont was six. \>rmont's average yield foi* the four-yeaa* period mentioned was nearly twice the average yield for the whole country. The average price in Vermont paid fanners December 1st for the past four years was 43.6 per cent greater than the average price paid tliiroughout the United States. During only one year of the four mentioned did one of the big corn states surpass Vermont's yield of bushels per acre. For the forty-year period, from 1870 to 1909, inclusive, Ver- mont ranks first in average yield of bushels of corn per acre. Last year only five states, and those in the irrigated region of ihe West, raised more bushels of spring wheat per acre than Vermont. The average A^ermont yield during the last four years was nearly twice that of the United States. The average price paid in Veraiont during the last four years was more than twenty cents per bushel greater than that reported for the entire United States. During the period from 1870 to 1909, inclu- sive, only two states, and those in the irrigated regions of the AVest, sur- passed A^ermont in the average yield of bushels of wheat per acre. Last year only eight states raised more bushels of oats per acre than A^ermont and this state led all the big oat producing states in average yield and price. A^'ermont's average price for the past four years was nearly four- teen cents per bushel greater than that of the United States. For the forty year period, 1870 to 1909, A^ermont led the Union in tJie average yield of bushels of oats per acre. Last year only seven states raised more bushels of barley per acre than Vermont. During the past four years Vermont surpassed in a marked degree both in yield and price all the big barley gTOwing states in the Union. The average A^ermont price for that period Avas 14.4 cents per bushel greater than the average price of the United States. During the period from 1870 to 1909 oidy four states exceeded A^ermont's average yield per acre. Last year only three states raised more bushels of rye per acre than Vermont, and Vermont led all the great rye producing states in yield per acre and price. The average Vermont price was 19.3 cents per bushel more than the average United States price. During the forty years from 1870 to 1909, only five states raised more bushels per acre of rye than A ermont. Last year only one state led A^ermont in yield of bushels of buckwheat per acre. During the past four years A^emiont led the great buckwheat growing states in average yield and price. During the forty-year period from 1870 to 1909 only one state showed a better average yield than A"er- mont. Last year only seven states raised more bushels of potatoes per acre than A^ermont. For the past four years A^ermont's average yield has ex- ceeded that of all the great pototo growing states with the single exception of Maine. Vermont's average for this period exceeds the average yield for the United States by 33.7 bushels per acre. For the period 1870 to 1909, only tAvo states show a larger average yield than A'ermont. Last year A^ermont was one of four states tied for first place in yield of pounds of tobacco per acre. During the past four years A^ermont's average yield and price was almost twice the United States average reported. For the forty year period, 1870 to 1909, A^ermont led the Union in average returns per acre for the three most important cereals, corn, Avheat and oats. 4: Vermont Farms Considering: area and population, Vennont is by far the most notable dairy state in the Union, being really in a class by itself. Vermont pro- duces more pounds of butter per capita than any other state. Only three states produces half as much, only six states a third as much and only eight states a fourth as much. Vermont leads all other states in pounds of butter per farm. Only four states produce half as much, only seven states a third as much, only fifteen states a fourth as much. Vermont leads the Union in production of pounds of butter per cow. Vermont leads the Union in ratio of dairy cows to population. In pounds of butter per square mile, Vermont is far in lead of any other state. In dairy cows per square mile, only one state leads Vermont, and in all cattle per square mile, only two states lead Vermont. In value of all crops per capita of rural population, according to the last census figures compiled, only ten states surpassed Vermont. In value per acre of all cereals produced in 1909, only seven states surpassed Ver- mont. These matters will be taken up later in greater detail, but the facts mentioned are sufficient to show that instead of being a sterile region, Vermont is one of the most fertile regions to be found in the entire United States. Proximity to the great cities of the nation, the best markets in the world, is an asset of great value to Vermont. The state is not dependent upon a single railroad, but it is served by some of the most important railroad systems of the country, and the Cham- plain valley has the added benefit of water transportation to the seaboard. Professor Farrington was correct in asserting that the cheapness of land was one of the attractions which Vermont agricalture offered to a person seeking a good farm investment. There are several reasons wily Vermont farms are quoted so much lower per acre in the census returns than the lands of the prairie states. Many Vermont farms contain a considerable forest area, and pasture land too rough for tillage. The forests not only furnish timber but often contain good maple sugar orchards. The sweet, verdant pastures make possible the high rank which Vermont holds as a dairy state, but these lands are not appraised as high as fields that may be tilled. From the beginning Vermont ers have been pioneers. Every state west of Lake Champlain has received a goodly number of citizens from the Green mountain state, who have been attracted by the opening of a new region. The lure of the city has been a strong attraction for many, with tales of great fortunes to be won. Now the tide has turned. Prices of agricultural products are materially higher than they were twenty or thirty years ago. Farmers are learning to till the soil more intensively and more scientifically. Prices of Vermont farms are rising and will continue to rise in all probability, for they are altogether too low, judged by what these farms produce and by the still greater amount that they may be made to produce. Persons desiring to take advantage of the low prices of Vermont farms should not delay in securing an option as prices must continue to advance according to all generally accepted financial rules. Back to the East Back to the East More and more the attention of seekers for agricultural oppor- tunities is being turned back to the East as a region offering on the whole more than any other section of the country to the farmer who has ambition and energy, but not the capital sufficient to pay fancy prices for land. Not only are the prices for farm lands in the Central West so high that it is difficult for the young man to purchase a homestead in that section, but it is also reported that these fertile prairies are showing signs of exhausted fertility. In respect to all the fundamental requirements of soil, markets and prices, Vermont has so much to offer that no farmer seeking the most and the best for his money can afford to ignore them. Vermont is one of the best states in the Union in which to establish a home. The home surroundings and advantages consititute a most important factor and one that cannot easily be estimated in dollars and cents. Vermont has good schools, good churches, good roads, a healthful climate, a large mileage of telephone lines, extensive rural free delivery of mails, a large number of Grange organizations, delightful scenery, and all those things that make every day life pleasant and desirable. Facts From The Census A few preliminary facts may be considered profitably before a more detailed description of Vermont's agricultural advantages is given. Vermont's area is 9,564 square miles. The population of the state, as reported by the census of 1910, was 355,956. The percentage of the land area of Vermont in farms is 79.9. The rural population of Vermont is 52 per cent of the total population. The number of farms in Vermont in 1910 was 32,709. The average value of farm property in Vermont m 1910 was $4,445. The average number of acres in a Vermont farm in 1910 was 142.6. The value of all farm property in Vermont in 1910 was $145,- 399,728. The value of all crops in Vermont in 1909 was $27,446,836. The total value of farm property in Vermont increased during the last census decade 34.1 per cent. The value of all crops in Vermont increased during the past decade 51 per cent. The average value of Vermont farm land per acre increased during the past decade 29.1 per cent. The value of Vermont livestock on farms in 1910 was $22,642,766, representing an increase of 26.9 per cent during the decade. In 1910 Vermont had 430,314 cattle on farms, or nearlv one-third of all the cattle in New England. Q Vermont Farms In 1910 Vermont had 265,483 dairy cows, being surpassed by twenty-five states in number of cows and by fourteen states in value of all dairy products. In 1910 Vermont had 80,781 horses, valued at $8,591,357. In 1910 Vermont had 94,821 swine, valued at $974,779. In 1910 Vermont had 118,551 sheep, valued at $538,991. In 1910 Vermont had 938,524 fowls, valued at $607,787. In 1910 Vermont had 10,215 colonies of bees, valued at $44,349. The following statement regarding Vermont soils and the newly employed agricultural advisers has been prepared for this book by Prof. J- L. Hills, Dean of the State Agricultural College of Vermont. Concerning Vermont Soils "The phrases 'Vermont agriculture' and 'abandoned farms', spell the same thing to many people. Newspapers outside the state are apt to refer to Vermont's farming operations in dismal terms. Such treat- ment is unjust, for the present outlook is encouraging and the future prospects bright. Few farms are abandoned save in those localities where modern farming operations are, as the physician would say, counter-indicated. The reversion of some Vermont farms of two gen- erations ago to forest conditions is a cause for congratulation, and not for condolence. They were never meant by the Almighty to be farms, and the men who wrested them originally from the forests were working against His plans. In the valleys and on the lower hill slopes agriculture may be, and is being, conducted successfully and profitably. On such areas, Vermont soil is not exhausted, though it may be temporarily weary. "Vermont soil is inherently fertile. The detritus of the granitic rocks of the Green mountain range, ground in the mighty mills of the old-time glacier, sorted by the rushing waters which followed its melting, commingled with the debris of thousands of years of un- harvested vegetation, worked over by heat and by cold, by wind and by wave, by water and by ice, by frost and by snow, by flood and by rain and by the multitudinous effects of the weather throughout the ages past. It has made of this fair state a more fertile land than some of her less favored sisters. Not for naught are our mountains verdure clad. Not idly, not without a reason, is Vermont called the Green mountain state in contradistinction to her Eastern neighbor, the Granite state. Alone among the states, save Florida, her very name bespeaks ferility. Ver-mont means 'green mountain,' and her mountains are 'verdure clad hillsides,' because the soil upon them is naturally fertile. "Not only did Nature endow her richly in this respect, but her bounty has not been as prodigally wasted as in some other sections. This statement is made advisedly, and has this firm basis in reason; that for generations Vermont has been a dairy state, a butter-making section. In no other state in the Union are there so many cows crowded Concerning Vermont Soils upon so small arable area. She far outclasses all her sisters in this respect. As a natural correlary of this condition several things follow, namely : (1) Her crops are fed at home, and not removed from the farm or the locality, and this to a larger extent than obtains anywhere else in our broad land. (2) Large grain purchases are naturally made in order to main- tain the evenness of the milk flow. (3) Butter sales remove but a minute amount of fertility from the farm, a ton carrying barely fifty cents' worth. '^All this means that Vermont farmers have for generations kept their fertility upon their own farms, and sold but little of it. The cotton farmer and the grain farmer sell the very essence of their real estate. The man who sells butter, however, sells elements gathered from the air and not from the soil. It furthermore means that for two generations these thrifty Vermonters have translocated fertility in the shape of cottonseed meal from the South and wheat bran, middlings and mixed feed from the West, to place upon their Vermont fields in the form of manure. Naturally fertile, the methods of Vermont farming have tended to increase and not to decrease the plant food content of her soils, and large areas are, as a consequence, richer today even than they were at the outset. "Vermont's topography is irregular. Barely one-third of her entire land area is made up of pasture (of the better sort), of mowings and of plowed fields: nearly two-thirds of her area is occupied by wood-lots, forest areas and rough lands. Such as is good, is good; such as it not adapted to agricultural purposes is largely covered by forests, is being set out to forests, or is reverting to forests. The proportion of improved lands, however, notwithstanding topographical irregularities, is decidedly greater than is found in either Maine or New Hampshire; somewhat greater than is found in IMassachusetts or Rhode Island; and is essentialh^ the same as that occurring in Con- necticut. "No systematic soil survey has been made in Vermont, save one carried out some ten years ago by the Bureau of Soils of the United States Department of Agriculture, which mapped out an area of the lake towns in Addison count}^ from Ferrisburg to Orwell stretching back about ten miles from Lake Champlain. This area includes perhaps the largest area of soils of relatively even character; and yet it covered in all but a little more than two per cent of the entire area of the state. It established nine distinct soil types, the most important being a clay and two sandy loams. Hay was found to be the most important crop grown on the heavier soil. It grew at the rate of approximately a ton to the acre, but the survey developed the fact that — when properly handled — it was easily capable of grow- ing two or more tons to the acre. This soil makes an excellent pasture soil, but is ill adapted to the growth of corn. The stony loams were 8 Vermont Farms found to be well fitted to apple orcharding, and to some extent to be thus used. They do not lend themselves well to the growth of corn or hay and are largely occupied by pasture or wood lot, save where orcharding obtains.* ''The alluvial and bench lands of the river beds, the valley soils in general, are fertile; and these valleys ramify in all directions. Vermont is full of valleys. It has been said that while the Almighty can do anything, there is one thing which even He cannot do, and that is to make two ranges of mountains without a valley in between. Con- siderable upland soil in Vermont is of a strong character, and, if not acid produces well. If it is found to be acid, liming tends to remedy the situation. Agricultural Advisers In another important respect Vermont is far ahead of other New England states. At the present writing there are in five Vermont counties — Bennington, Windham, Windsor, Orange and Caledonia — local agricultural advisers; and in three other counties — Rutland, Franklin and Orleans — steps have been taken looking towards the em- ployment of similar agents, who doubtless will be employed within a comparatively short time. This will make eight of the fourteen counties thus supplied. These local agricultural advisers are employed jointly by an organization of the farmers and business men of the county, by the Office of Farm Management of the United States Department of Agriculture, and by the College of Agriculture of the University of Vermont. Their functions are purely advisory, and purely local. They are at the service of the farmers in their respective counties, going on call and without charge to advise them as to their farming operations. Differing in this respect from the 'absent treatment' often applied by the officials of the State College of Agriculture, they are, in the slang phrase, agricultural 'Johnnies on the spot, 'Johnnies who are farm born and farm raised, educated at an agricultural college, experienced in farming operations after leaving college, up-to-date, wide-awake, well informed. This system is in vogue in no other New England state at present, and few states in the Union are as well covered by this sort of public service as is Vermont. A Vermont farmer, actual or prospective, can get in touch with his local adviser, and without charge get the benefit of his judg- ment as to any matter which perplexes him concerning his agricultural operations. It goes without saying that the longer the local agent resides in a county and gains local experience, the better fitted is he to proffer a judgment which is thoroughly safe. Prospective settlers in Vermont may well take into account this important factor, which should tend to improve the likelihood of their success in gaining a foot- hold in their new location." *See 6th Report, Bureau of Soils, U. S. D. A. (1904) Expert Aid For Farmers Expert Aid For Farmers Hon. E. S. Brigham, State Commissioner of Agriculture, prepared an article not long ago for the New England Homestead as a part of a symposium on "New England's County Demonstration Farms." This article was written evidently before the one prepared by Profes- sor Hills for this book, and at the time when it was written less work had been accomplished than when Professor Hills' article was fur- nished, but it contains matters of much importance bearing on the same general subject, and is given herewith: "I think Vermont is ahead of her sister New England states in this expert movement. Three of our counties, Windsor, Benningl'. n and Orange, are organized and have raised a sufficient sum of money in the county to enable them to secure the Burt Ball fund of $1000 from Chicago, and to secure the assistance of the department of agri- culture to the extent of $100 per month. Windsor county secured the services of J. Coryell, headquarters White River Junction, Vt. Bennington county is served by Mr. Sherman, headquarters at Man- chester. Orange coointy, to my knowledge, has not yet employed a man. On the strength of the expectation that an additional appro- priation w^ould pass the last Congress, a number of additional counties in Vermont organized county farm bureaus and raised a sum of money. Franklin county had subscribed February 20 the sum of $1500. Lamoille county had organized with C. F. Smith as president of the bureau, but I do not know the state of affairs there at present. Rutland county has organized and seems to have raised a large sum of money. Orleans county is planning to effect an organization. Windham county has organized and has a sum of $2000 raised. The failure of Congress to pass a larger appropriation has caused a temporary halt in the proceedings. Most of our counties are not able to finance the proposi- tion with simply the assistance of the Burt Ball fund. Rutland county, how^ever, intends to forge ahead and raise a sum of $6000 in the county to finance the movement at once. Caledonia county is also organized. "I believe that the organization in all our counties will be kept intact, and that as soon as Congress increases the appropriation so that the department of agriculture can help to the extent of $100 per month, all the counties I have enumerated will be ready to begin work. Our other counties have manifested interest to some extent, and I believe it will be but a question of a short time when all our Vermont counties will have these experts at work. I believe it is a good thing for the state, and it is gratifying that our people have taken such an interest in this matter. "Our last legislature passed an act enabling towns in the county to vote a sum of money at the annual town meeting for the support of a county expert. One of the counties, Orange, raised a good part of the money at this last town meeting. In so far as I know the other ^Q Vermont Farms towns have raised the money by private subscriptions. For instance, in our home county, a man appointed to solicit funds in the town of Berkshire spent four days driving among his neighbors and raised $180 in $2 subscriptions. I believe this is the most favorable kind of solicitation, because if a campaign is waged in this way the farmers generally have it brought to their attention, and if they are impressed with the proposition to the extent that they will participate in the w^ay of giving funds, they will feel a greater personal interest in the expert and will utilize his services more than if the whole thing came as a free gift from w^ealthy men." The Commissioner of Agriculture has interested himself particu- larly in such important matters as markets and the obtaining of a supply of farm labor. DAIHYTNG Dairying constitutes one of the principal features of Vermont agriculture. Briefly stated, the census figures show that m 1909 Ver- mont produced on farms and in factories 35,393,187 pounds of butter and 3,008,540 pounds of cheese. In addition to this amount 13,342,666 pounds of condensed milk were manufactured. The value of all Vermont's dairy products in 1909 is given by the census as $12,128,465. There were 15,165,692 pounds of butter made on farms and 27,256,877 pounds of butter made in factories. There were 245,884 pounds of cheese made on farms and 2,762,656 pounds of cheese made in factories. In the manufacture of butter, cheese and condensed milk in factories in 1909, Vermont ranked ninth in number and tenth in value of products. In 1909 Vermont ranked seventeenth in aggre- gate amount of butter made on farms and in factories and ninth in the aggregate amount of cheese made on farms and in factories. Although Vermont is only a little state, having an area of less than ten thousand square miles, it outranks in the aggregate amount of dairy products many states much larger. When its comparative size is taken into account, it easily leads the Union as tables compiled from census reports and embodied in this article will show. The headquarters of two of the great dairy organizations of the county, the Holstein-Friesian Association and the Ayrshire Breeders' Association, are located in Vermont, the former at Brattleboro and the latter at Brandon, and the president of the American Jersey Cattle Club is a Vermonter, Elmer A. Darling of Burke. Vermont stands at the head of the list in number of cow testing associations, this state and New York being tied for first place in number of associations w^hen the last report was made. When the unprofitable cows are liminated from our herds it will be possible for Vermont to make a showing much better even than the excellent record just quoted. There are splendid opportunities for dairying in this state. Vermont butter already has won a high reputation in the great produce markets and to engage in dairying in Vermont is to Raising Beef Cattle 11 follow one of the lines of least resistance. The Vermont Dairymen's Association is said to be the largest of its kind in the country and one of the very oldest. Milk Shipments It is not possible to obtain exact information regarding the ship- ments of milk out of this state, but it is carried on at the present time upon a large scale. This business has grown up largely within a few years. It is impossible at the present time to say how much milk was shipped out of the state when the census figures for dairying were compiled in 1910, or how much, if any, reduction in Vermont's pro- duction of butter and cheese has resulted from such shipments. The bulk of the freight business of Vermont is done by three lines of railroad, although several other roads do considerable Vermont business in the aggregate. One of the most important railroads in Vermont reports that in 1912 it shipped out of the state 1261 cars of milk, each car containing 300 ten-gallon cans, 1377 ten-gallon cans in smaller lots and 18,584 ten-gallon cans of cream. This amounts to 3,796,770 gallons of milk and 185,840 gallons of cream or 15,187,080 quarts of milk and 743,360 quarts of cream. Another impor.c.nL Vermont railroad reports that it shipped out of the state during the year 1912, 1833 cars of milk, each car containing 300 ten-gallon cans, and cream shipments, amounting to 31.63 cars, each containing 300 ten- gallon cans. This represents 5,499,000 gallons of milk, or 21,996,000 quarts, and 94,890 gallons, or 1,122,920 quarts of cream. These two reports, therefore, represent 37,183,080 quarts of milk, and 1,866,280 quarts of cream. Assuming that the third railroad, which did not report, carried an equal amount — and the other railroads which do a smaller amount of business are likely to bring the total above rather than below the figures quoted — it may be safe to credit the third railroad with shipping 18,600,000 quarts of milk and 930,000 quarts of cream. This w^ould represent practically 56,000,000 quarts of milk and 2,800,000 quarts of cream shipped out of Vermont in 1912. While it is not claimed that these figures give more than an approximate idea of the extent of the shipments of milk and cream, it will be seen that these shipments are very large when the other branches of Vermont's dairy industry are taken into consideration. Raising Beef Cattle There are also good opportunities in Verm.ont to produce beef cattle. President E. T. Fairchild of New Hampshire State College, in his inaugural address, recently called attention to the fact that there were six millions fewer cattle in this country now than there were ten years ago, while there are ten millions more people to be added to the consumers of beef. The manager of one of the largest farms in this state, believing in the use of stable manures for maintaining soil fertility, and desiring 12 Vermont Farms to have stock enough to consume the hay and roughage grown on the farm, in August, 1911, bought a carload of yearling beef steers in Chicago. On arrival they were turned out to pasture where they re- mained until fall. During the winter season they were yarded and fed all the hay and roughage they would eat, but no grain. In the spring of 1912 they were again turned out to pasture where they re- mained until fall. Then they were taken up and fed for the purpose of fattening, being sold during January and February of this year at a good profit. They were fat, handsome, two-year-old beef and brought top prices. The experiment was so satisfactory that another lot of seventy-five head has been bought and the process will be re- peated, being considered more profitable than the selling of hay and forage. That the raising of cattle is likely to be profitable for an in- definite period, is indicated in an address recently delivered by J. A. Spoor, chairman of the board of directors of the Union Stockyards at Chicago. He summed up the whole situation as follows : "1. There is a world shortage of cattle and cheap beef is the thing of the past. "2. The farmers and stock raisers of the United States have nothing to fear in the way of cattle or beef competition, from either Mexico, Canada or South America during the next decade or longer. "3. Henceforth the corn belt farms must be looked to more than ever before for our domestic beef supply or else the American people must face a beef famine. "4:. To save the calves and to breed and raise more and better cattle on their farms, is not only a duty which the corn belt farmers owe to their country, but also a necessity for preservation of the declining fertility of their own lands." With Vermont's superior pasture land and the ability to raise large crops of corn, an excellent opportunity is afforded, not only to increase the dairying industry, but also to raise beef cattle in consider- able quantities for a market in which the demand exceeds the supply. Briefly stated, Vermont's advantages as a dairy state are her shady and well watered hill pastures, her sweet and nutritious grasses in great abundance, her large acreage of forage crops, and her numerous silos. "While the principal breeds of dairy cows in Vermont are Holsteins, Jerseys, Ayrshires and Durhams, several other breeds are well repre- sented. The Brown Swiss cow ''Hirz," in the Speedwell Farms herd at Lyndon, Vt., owned by T. N. Vail, has a record of producing 14,067 pounds of milk and 723 pounds of butter in one year. Following are some tables based on United States census figures, giving practical illustrations of Vermont's standing as a dairy state: Ratio of Dairy Cows to Population in 1909 Alabama 1 to 5.4 Nebraska 1 to 1.9 Arizona 1 to 7.0 Nevada 1 to 4.7 Arkansas 1 to 3.6 New Hampshire 1 to 4.2 California 1 to 5.0 New Jersey 1 to 16.4 Colorado 1 to 5.5 New Mexico 1 to 6.3 Connecticut 1 to 9.0 New York 1 to 6.0 Delaware 1 to 5.6 North Carolina 1 to 7.1 Florida 1 to 6.4 North Dakota 1 to 2.2 Georgi.i 1 to 6.4 Ohio 1 to 5.2 Idaho 1 to 8.7 Oklahoma 1 to 3.1 Illinois 1 to 5.3 Oregon 1 to 3.8 Indiana 1 to 4.2 Pennsylvania ' 1 to 8.2 Iowa 1 to 1.5 Rhode Island 1 to 23.2 Kansas 1 to 2.2 South Carolina 1 to 8.3 Kentucky 1 to 5.5 South Dakota 1 to 1.5 Louisiana 1 to 5.9 Tennessee 1 to 5.5 Maine 1 to 4.7 Texas 1 to 3.8 Maryland 1 to 7.1 Utah 1 to 4.9 Massachusetts 1 to 19.5 Vermont 1 to 1.3 Michigan 1 to 3.6 Virginia 1 to 5.7 Minnesota 1 to 1.9 Washington 1 to 6.1 Mississippi 1 to 4.1 West Virginia 1 to 5.0 IMissouri 1 to 3.8 Wisconsin 1 to 1.5 ^lontana 1 to 4.8 Wvoming 1 to 4.4 Pounds of Butter Per Capita in 1909 Alabama (No record) Nebraska 41.9 Arizona 6.7 Nevada 17.6 Arkansas 19.8 New Hampshire 15.8 California 22.1 New Jersey 1.7 Colorado 15.2 New Mexico (No record) Connecticut 4.8 New York 7.6 Delaware 10.8 North Carolina 11.8 Florida 2.2 North Dakota 34.8 Georgia 10.4 Ohio 17.0 Idaho 18.1 Oklahoma 18.8 Illinois 12.6 Oregon 21.0 Indiana 20.3 Pennsylvania 11.9 Iowa 57.2 Rhode Island (No record) Kansas 28.5 South Carolina 8.1 Kentucky 16.8 South Dakota 39.6 Louisiana (No record) Tennessee 18.2 Maine 20.7 Texas 17.2 Maryland 7.6 Utah 16.6 Massachusetts 1.5 Vermont 96.6 Michigan 30.5 Virginia 13.0 Minnesota 59.5 Washington 15.8 Mississippi 15.9 West Virginia (No record) Missouri 15.9 Wisconsin 56.0 Montana 10.9 Wyoming 13.5 Pounds of Butter Per Farm, 1909 Alabama (No record) Nebraska 385.2 Arizona 149.5 Nevada 536.8 Arkansas 150.3 New Hampshire 728.5 California 596.2 New Jersey 131.1 Colorado 264.4 New Mexico (No record) Connecticut 203.2 New York 321.7 Delaware 202.1 North Carolina 102.6 Florida 34.0 North Dakota 270.2 Georgia 93.8 Ohio 297.9 Idaho 191.4 Oklahoma 163.8 Illinois 286.5 Oregon 310.7 Indiana 254.7 Pennsylvania 417.8 Iowa 586.3 Rhode Islanc. (No record) Kansas 271.6 South Carolina 42.3 Kentucky 149.2 South Dakota 297.8 Louisiana (No record) Tennessee 161.8 Maine 256.6 Texas 115.4 Maryland 201.5 Utah 286.9 Massachusetts 142.2 Vermont 1112.6 Michigan 415.1 Virginia 145.6 Minnesota 791.3 Washington 321.2 Mississippi 104.7 West Virginia (No record) Missouri 188.8 Wisconsin 740.0 Montana 157.4 Wyoming 179.8 Average Number of Pounds of Butter Per Cow Produced IN 1909 Alabama (No record) Nebraska 81.3 Arizona 47.8 Nevada 85.0 Arkansas 71.0 New Hampshire 67 California 112.5 New Jersey 28.4 Colorado 84.3 New Mexico (No record) Connecticut 44.3 New York 45.9 Delaware 61.3 North Carolina 84.3 Florida 14.6 North Dakota 75.5 Georgia 67.0 Ohio 89.5 Idaho 68.3 Oklahoma 58.7 Illinois 67.7 Oregon 81.9 Indiana . 86.6 Pennsylvania 98.1 Iowa 83.4 Rhode Island (No record) Kansas 65.6 South Carolina 68.1 Kentucky 94.3 South Dakota 62.5 Louisiana (No record) Tennessee 100.2 Maine 98.2 Texas 66.2 Maryland 59.0 Utah 82.0 Massachusetts 30.5 Vermont 133.3 Michigan 112.0 Virginia 75.2 Minnesota 113.8 Washington 96.9 Mississippi 66.8 West Virginia (No record) Missouri 61.1 Wisconsin 88.9 Montana 53.2 Wyoming 60.4 All Cattle Per Square Mile in 1909 Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi IMissouri Montana Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa EJansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana 17 Nebraska 35 7 Nevada 4 19 New Hampshire 18 13 New Jersey 28 10 New Mexico 9 39 New York 43 26 North Carolina 13 14 North Dakota 10 18 Ohio 44 5 Oklahoma 27 43 Oregon 7 37 Pennsylvania 35 79 Rhode Island 27 37 South Carolina 12 24 South Dakota 19 16 Tennessee 21 7 Texas 26 23 Utah 4 20 Vermont 45 25 Virginia 22 28 Washington 5 21 West Virginia 25 36 Wisconsin 47 6 Wyoming 7 Per Square Mile in 1909 7.4 Nebraska 7.9 0.2 Nevada 0.1 7.9 New Hampshire 10.8 2.9 New Jersey 19.7 1.3 New Mexico 0.4 24.6 New York 30.7 17.4 North Carolina 5.9 1.9 North Dakota 3.6 6.8 Ohio 22.0 1.1 Oklahoma 7.5 18.5 Oregon 1.7 17.4 Pennsylvania 20.6 25.0 Rhode Island 18.6 8.9 South Carolina 5.8 10.1 South Dakota 4.7 5.5 Tennessee 9.4 4.7 Texas 3.8 13.6 Utah 0.8 20.6 Vermont 27.7 13.0 Virginia 8.3 13.0 Washington 2.6 9.1 West Virginia 9.6 12.3 Wisconsin 26.2 0.5 Wyoming 0.3 16 Vermont Farms CROP YIELDS Vermont has no reason to apologize for her crop yields when com- pared with those of other states, although it is true that more intensive cultivation and a wider use of scientific methods of agriculture would make Vermont farms still more fruitful. The following tables which show the average yield per acre, the average price per bushel, ton or pounds, and the average returns per acre for the period 1870-1909 and 1910-1912 for nine staple crops, both for Vermont and for the United States, taken from the United States census reports and crop statistics issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, show how far the Vermont average exceeds the United States average in almost every instance: Average Yield, Price And Returns Per Acre of Staple Crops in United States And Vermont, 1870-1909 United States CORN Average yield per acre 25.2 bu. Average price $ 0.408 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $10,281 v^heat Average yield per acre > 12.9 bu. Average price $ 0.813 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $10,487 oats Average yield per acre 27.6 bu. Average price $ 0.322 per bu. Ayerage returns per acre .... $ 8.887 BARLEY Average yield per acre 23.3 bu. Average price $ 0.551 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $12,838 RYE Average yield per acre 14. bu. Average price $ 0.604 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $ 8.456 potatoes Average yield per acre 83. bu. Average price $. 0.527 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $43,741 BUCKV^HEAT Average yield per acre 16.5 bu. Average price $ 0.612 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $10,098 Vermont 35.6 bu. $ 0.687 $24,457 19.0 bu. $ 1.112 $21,128 35.1 bu. $ 0.435 $15,268 27.3 bu. $ 0.69 $18,837 15.9 bu. $ 0.782 $12,433 112.5 bu. $ 0.492 21.9 bu. $ 0.572 $12,526 Average Yield of Crops 17 United States Vermont HAY Average yield per acre 1.28 tons 1.15 tons Average price $ 9.33 per ton $10,465 Average returns per acre .... $11,942 $12,034 TOBACCO Average yield per acre 747.6 lbs. 1533.7 lbs. Average price $ 0.081 per lb. $ 0.153 Average returns per acre .... $60,555 $234,656 Average returns per acre for all crops United States, $19,676. Vermont, $45,187. Average Yield, Price And Returns Per Acre of Staple Crops in United States And Vermont 1910-1912 . United States Vermont CORN Average yield per acre 26.9 bu. 41.3 bu. Average price $ 0.528 per bu. $ 0.726 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $14,203 $29,983 spring wheat Average yield per acre 12.5 bu. 27.3 bu. Average price $ 0.816 per bu. $1.00 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $10.20 $27.30 OATS Average yield per acre 31.1 bu. 39.8 bu. Average price $ 0.371 per bu. $ 0.523 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $11,538 $20,875 BARLEY Average yield per acre 24.4 bu. 32.1 bu. Average price $ 0.65 per bu. $ 0.766 per bu. A/verage returns per acre .... $15.86 $24,588 RYE Average yield per acre 16.1 bu. 20 bu. Average price $ 0.736 per bu. $ 0.90 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $11,849 $18.00 POTATOES Average yield per acre 96. bu. 125 bu. Average price $ 0.62 per bu. $ 0.596 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $59.52 $74.50 BUCKWHEAT Average yield per acre 21.5 bu. 26.1 bu. Average price $ 0.622 per bu. $ 0.756 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $14,663 . .$19,731 HAY Average yield per acre 1.32 tons 1.38 tons Average price $12.74 per ton $13.46 per ton Average returns per acre .... $16,816 $18,574 18 Vermont Farms United States Vermont TOBACCO Average yield per acre 828.9 lbs. 1666.6 lbs. Average price $ 0.098 per lb. $ 0.163 per lb. Average returns per acre .... $81,232 $271,655 Average returns per acre for all crops 1910-1912 United States, $26,209. Vermont, $56,467. Value of all Crops Per Capita of Rural Population in 1909 Alabama $ 81.62 Nebraska $222.52 Arizona $ 38-95 Nevada $ 86.46 Arkansas $ 87.78 New Hampshire $ 91.04 California $168.65 New Jersey $ 64.03 Colorado $129.31 New Mexico $ 31.78 Connecticut $195.60 New York $108.48 Delaware $ 86.66 North Carolina .... $ 75.69 Florida $ 67.73 North Dakota $351.55 Georgia $109.44 Ohio $109.58 Idaho . $134.36 Oklahoma $ 99.81 Illinois $172.21 Oregon $134.09 Indiana $130.50 Pennsylvania $ 54.94 Iowa $203.70 Rhode Island $219.26 Kansas $179.47 South Carolina $110.01 Kentucky- $ 80.24 South Dakota $247.44 Louisiana $ 66.67 Tennessee $ 69.92 Maine $108.93 Texas $ 42.40 Maryland $ 68.93 Utah $ 92.23 Massachusetts $132.53 Vermont $146.76 Michigan $ 74.94 Virginia $ 63.42 Minnesota $157.88 Washington $147.14 Mississippi $ 92.66 West Virginia $ 40.66 Missouri $116.47 Wisconsin $111.58 Montana $122.46 Wyoming $ 30.50 Vermont And Iowa Compared Director of the Census Durand said in a recent magazine article that Iowa, perhaps, is the greatest farming state in the Union, and that Iowa is second to Illinois in value of farm products, yet Iowa is more typically an agricultural state. This statement being made on such high authority, it may be of interest to compare crop yields and crop values in Vermont with those of Iowa. The first comparison will be for the forty-year period, 1870 to 1909, inclusive. Iowa Vermont CORN Average yield per acre ' 32 bu. 35.6 bu. Average price $ 0.302 per bu. $ 0.687 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $ 9.664 $24,457 Average Yield of Crops 19 Iowa Vermont WHEAT Average yield per acre 12.6 bu. 19. bu. Average price $ 0.697 per bu. $ 1.112 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $ 8.782 $21,128 oats Average yield per acre 31.8 bu. 35.1 bu. Average price $ 0.247 per bu. $ 0.435 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $ 7.854 $15,268 BARLEY Average yield per acre 23.8 bu. 27.3 bu. Average price $ 0.425 per bu. $ 0.69 per bu. Average returns per acre $10,115 $18,837 RYE Average yield per acre 16.3 bu. 15.9 bu. Average price $ 0.472 per bu. $ 0.782 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $ 7.693 $12,433 potatoes Average yield per acre 82.2 bu. 112.5 bu. Average price $ 0.455 per bu. $ 0.492 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $37,401 $55.35 BUCKWPIEAT Average yield per acre 14.4 bu. 21.9 bu. Average pric^e $ 0.665 per bu. $ 0.572 per bu. Average returns per acre .... $ 9.576 $12,526 HAY Average yield per acre 1.39 tons 1.15 tons Average price $ 5.61 per ton $10,465 per ton Average returns per acre .... $ 7.797 $12,034 Average returns per acre for eight staple crops mentioned. Iowa, $12.36. Vermont, $21,504. The following comparisons are for the years since 1909. Iowa Vermont CORN Yield per acre in 1912 43. bu. 40. bu. Average yield per acre in 1909- ' 1912 36.8 bu. 41 bu. Average returns per acre 15.89 $29.80 Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.35 per bu. $ 0.72 per bu. Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.432 per bu. $ 0.727 per bu. SPRING WHEAT Yield per acre in 1912 17. bu. 25. bu. Average yield per acre in 1909- 1912 16.1 bu. 24. bu. Average returns per acre .... $13.84 $25.20 Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.78 per bu. $ 0.98 per bu. Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.86 per bu. $1.05 per bu. 20 Vermont Farms Iowa Vermont BARLEY Yield per acre in 1912 31. bu. 35. bu. Average yield per acre in 1909- 1912 25.4 bu. 30.8 bu. Average returns per acre $15.54 $23.62 Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.52 per bu. $ 0.80 per bu. Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.612 per bu. $ 0.767 per bu. RYE Yield per acre in 1912 19. bu. 20. bu. Average yield per acre in 1909- 1912 17.2 bu. 18.7 bu. Average returns per acre .... $11.43 $17.29 Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.62 per bu. $ 0.90 per bu. Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.665 per bu. $ 0.925 per bu. BUCKWHEAT Yield per acre in 1912 19. bu. 30. bu. Average yield per acre in 1909- 1912 16.1 bu. 25.2 bu. Average returns per acre .... $13.39 $19.07 Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.75 per bu. $ 0.72 per bu. Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.832 per bu. $ 0.757 per bu. POTATOES Yield per acre in 1912 109. bu. 140. bu. Average yield per acre in 1909- 1912 85.5 bu. 132.2 bu. Average returns per acre $50.01 $73.63 Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 $ 0.46 per bu. $ 0.55 per bu. Average price paid 1909-1912 $ 0.585 per bu. $ 0.557 per bu. OATS Yield per acre in 1912 44.2 bu. 43. bu. Average yield per acre in 1909- 1912 33.7 bu. 37.3 bu. Average returns per acre .... $10.95 $19.28 Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912. . $ 0.27 per bu. $ 0.48 per bu. Average price paid 1909-1912 . . $ 0.325 per bu. $0,517 per bu. HAY Yield per acre in 1912 1.40 tons 1.50 tons Average yield per acre in 1909- 1912 Average returns per acre .... Price paid farmers Dec. 1, 1912 Average price paid 1909-1912 Other 1.19 tons $ 11.51 $ 9.50 per ton $ 9.675 per ton Comparisons 1.30 tons $17.90 $ 14.00 per ton $13,775 per ton The following are a few comparisons of Vermont crop yields and crop values with those of a few of the leading agricultural states of the Middle West, in addition to the Iowa comparisons: Other Comparisons 21 Vermont (1870-1909) AVERAGE YIELD AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE RETURNS PER ACRE Corn 35.6 bu. $ 0.687 per bu. Wheat 19. bu. $ 1.112 per bu. Oats 35.1 bu. $ 0.435 per bu. Barley 27.3 bu. $ 0.69 per bu. Rye 15.9 bu. $ 0.782 per bu. Potatoes 112.5 bu. $ 0.492 per bu. Buckwheat 21.9 bu. $ 0.572 per bu. Hay 1.15 tons $10,465 per ton Tobacco 1533.7 lbs. $ 0.153 per lb. PER ACRE $ 24.457 $ 21.128 $ 15.268 $ 18.837 $ 12.433 $ 55.35 $ 12.526 $ 12.034 $234,656 Ohio (1870-1909) AVERAGE YIELD AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE RETURNS PER ACRE Corn 33.4 bu. Wheat 14.2 bu. Oats 30.7 bu. Barley 24.7 bu. Rye 14.5 bu. Potatoes 75. bu. Buckwheat 14.5 bu. Hay 1.24 tons Tobacco 849. lbs. $ $ $ $ $ $ 0.412 0.89 0.317 0.617 0.61 0.552 $ 0.687 $ 9.905 $ 0.073 per bu. per bu. per bu. per bu. per bu. per bu. per bu. per ton per lb. PER ACRE $ 13.76 $ 12.639 $ 9.731 $ 15.239 $ 8.845 $ 41.40 $ 9.861 $ 12.282 $ 61.977 Indiana (1870-1909) AVERAGE YIELD AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE RETURNS PER ACRE Corn 31.8 bu. Wlieat 13.4 bu. Oats 27.4 bu. Barley 22.8 bu. Rye 13.7 bu. Potatoes 69.7 bu. Buckwheat 14.3 bu. Hav 1.28 tons Tobacco 728 lbs. $ $ $ $ $ 0.367 0.85 0.297 0.612 0.585 $ 0.552 $ 0.667 $ 9.037 $ 0.066 per bu. per bu. per bu. per bu. per bu. per bu. per bu. per ton per lb. PER ACRE $ 11.67 $ 11.39 $ 8.137 $ 13.953 $ 8.014 $ 38.474 $ 9.528 $ 11.567 $ 48.048 22 Vermont Farms Illinois (1870-1909) AVERAGE YIELD AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE RETURNS PER ACRE PER ACRE Corn 30.8 bu. $ 0.347 per bu. $10,687 Wheat 13.6 bu. $ 0.81 per bu. $ 11.016 Oats 31.2 bu. $ 0.277 per bu. $ 8.642 Barley 23.8 bu. $ 0.542 per bu. $ 12.899 Rye 16.1 bu. $ 0.542 per bu. $ 8.726 Potatoes 75.2 bu. $ 0.575 per bu. $ 43.24 Buckwheat 13.6 bu. $ 0.692 per bu. $ 9.411 Hay 1.30 tons $ 8.285 per ton $ 10.77 Tobacco 676.7 lbs. $ 0.075 per lb. $ 50.725 CORN The old days when cotton was king of American crops passed long ago. Today corn is king, with no rival to dispute his right to reign. Even in the South, where cotton w^as raised almost exclusively for many years, corn is now one of the principal crops, and some of the leading corn growing states of the Union are found in the South. People have become accustomed to the idea that corn can be grown successfully only in the Middle West. This idea is erroneous, and there are facts in abundance to prove this assertion. The Boston Transcript recently said: " 'Till Birnam Wood shall come to Dunsinane' was intended to phrase the immovability of rooted, growing things. Yet Birnam Wood came to Dunsinane for all that. And when we speak of the great 'corn belt' as being in the Mississippi valley, as we have habitually done for several decades, it does not ban- ish the possibility of the corn belt moving eastward, if not in the ratio of productivity per acre. This curious process has, in fact, begun. The New Englander migrated to the Middle West and applied himself to the business of corn raising. Now the business of corn raising is migrating back to New England. "This gradual and significant increase in New England's yield per acre of corn is the more curious to watch, inasmuch as we have been so long accustomed to think of corn in terms of the Middle West. Yet the Government crop reports of recent years show with all the precision of a geometrical theorem the increased and increasing yield within our own region until as long ago as 1910 the average yield per acre in the New England States was forty-six bushels, as against thirth-nine bushels per acre in Illinois and thirty-six bushels per acre in Iowa, long reputed to be the two leading states of the Middle West in the production of corn. What is more, the yield per acre in New England is steadily increasing; which brings us to the economic strategies of fertilizer. For when these rich Middle Western farms were new and needed no fertilizer, the leaner land of our New England Corn 23 farms, which required dressing, could not compete. Within the last five years, however, Illinois has begun to use fertilizer (in common with other Mississippi states), which means that the farms of New England are once more on a competitive footing. They are more. They are close to the big Eastern markets and they are on the cis- Alpine side of the expensive freight haul over the Berkshire range. As lately as three years ago the average worth to a Maine farmer of an acre of corn was $32, as against $13.07 in Iowa. A large part of this difference lay in freight, some of it was to be accounted for by a surplus of production in Iowa and a part by Maine's proximity to the markets ; but the tendency is a fact and a significant one. ' ' The same logic applies to conditions in Vermont. Last year the average yield of bushels of corn per acre was the same in both Ver- mont and Maine. The scientists say that corn is a sub-tropical plant which possesses a quality peculiar to every variety to thrive best near the northern limits of its possible growth. It is certain that in recent years New England has been leading the United States in bushels of corn per acre. The story which government statistics tell concerning corn yields and prices in Vermont is both interesting and significant. Last year (1912) only eight states raised more bushels of corn per acre than Vermont. In 1911 the Vermont corn yield per acre was exceeded by six states, in 1910 by four states, in 1909 by six states. For a period of four years the average number of states raising more bushels of corn per acre than Vermont was only six. During these years Illinois and Iowa have led the Union in quantity of corn produced. Only once during this period has Illinois equaled the Vermont yield and only once has Iowa equaled or surpassed it. In 1912 Vermont's average yield was forty bushels per acre, while that of the United States was 29.2 bushels. In 1911 the Vermont average was 41 bushels and that of the United States 23.9 bushels. 1910 the Vermont average was 43 bushels and the United States average 27.7 bushels. In 1909 Vermont produced an average yield of 40 bushels, compared with an average yield of 25.9 bushels for the United States. Vermont's average yield for the four-year period is 41 bushels, while the United States shows an average of 26.6 bushels, or only a little more than half Vermont's average. Compared with Vermont's four-year average of 41 bushels per acre, Kansas shows an average yield for the period of 18.9 bushels ; Nebraska, 23.9 bushels; North Dakota, 23.1 bushels; Oklahoma, 11.7 bushels; South Dakota, 26.2 bushels. The average price paid farmers for corn December 1st for the past four years was $0,777 in Vermont, and $0,541 for the entire country. As already shown, Vermont led the Union in bushels of corn per acre for the forty-j^ear period, 1870 to 1909 — not every year, but the Vermont average was the highest for the entire period. Vermont's average yield for the forty-year period was 35.6 bushels, compared 24 Vermont Farms with an average of 25.2 bushels for the United States as a whole. The average price to farmers December 1st for the period was $0,687 per bushel in Vermont and $0,408 per bushel for the entire country. The average returns of corn land per acre for the period was $24,457 in Vermont and less than half as much, or $10,281 for the whole country. These facts are indisputable proof that Vermont can raise more bushels of corn per acre than most of the states of the Union, and that prices paid in Vermont are larger than in most sections of the country. Of course the New England farms are smaller than many of those of the West, and for a considerable period corn is not likely to be raised in this section in any considerable quantity for shipment. The New England states with such a record of crop yield ought to raise their own corn, and yet in 1910 this group of states bought 11,000,000 bushels of corn from the West. There are great opportunities in Ver- mont for raising corn for feeding purposes, thus avoiding the large expense of buying stock foods, and at the same time maintaining and building up the fertility of the soil. For several years a State Corn show has been held at Vv'indsor, Vt., in the big riding arena owned by F. A. Kennedy of New York, under the auspices of the Windsor County Y. M. C. A. Another State Corn Show will be held here November 5-7, 1913, and an attempt will be made to have the New England Corn Show held here in 1914. The last Legislature appro- priated $500 for this purpose. The Windsor County Y. M. C. A. has organized boys' corn clubs which have done excellent work. The Y. M. C. A. has purchased prize winning corn that it might be able to furnish high grade seed for the contests. An eighth of an acre was the size of each corn plot. These contests have stimulated both the boys and the boys' fathers to adopt better agricultural methods. Twenty bushels of ears of corn have been raised on an eighth of an acre, at the rate of 160 bushels to the acre. The experts of the Illinois College of Agriculture average only 87 bushels to the acre. One father, who had sold his farm, purchased it again as a result of his son's interest and success in corn growing. One boy missed his train and walked nineteen miles to be present in time for the judging of his corn exhibit. One mother, seeing her boy's interest in corn growing, saved her butter money to send him to the State Agricultural School. J. Wade Webster of Hartland, Vt., won the sweepstakes prize for the best single ear of corn grown by boys in Vermont, New Hampshire or Maine at the New England Corn Exposition, held at Boston in 1912. A North Clarendon far]iier for several years has been growing and selling seed corn of the flint varieties and he has supplied customers in South Africa, Central and Northern Europe and the British Isles. Not long ago he received an order for 25,000 bushels packed for export. The outlook is encouraging for more intensive corn growing and Wheat 25 with Vermont's possibilities already demoustrated, the state offers great opportunities for the profitable growing of this staple crop. WHEAT Probably the average reader would expect that an article on wheat growing in Vermont would require about as much space as that taken by the famous chapter on "Snakes in Ireland." It is necessary, how- ever to shatter another erroneous impression. Although wheat is not gro^^Ti on a large scale in Vermont, spring wheat is grown here, as every issue of the Government Crop Reporter, containing crop yields, will show, and Vermont's rank is way up near the top of the list. Last year only five states, and every one of these states in the irrigated region of the Far West, surpassed Vermont in the yield of spring wheat per acre. Vermont's four-year average for the years 1909-1912 was 24 bushels, while the average yield for the entire United States for the same period was 13.2 bushels. North Dakota raises more spring wheat than any other State. The average yield in that State for the past four years was 11.3 bushels, or less than half the Vermont average. Other States that approach North Dakota in the amount of spring wheat raised are Minnesota and South Dakota. Minnesota's four-year average was 14.7 bushels and that of South Dakota 11.4 bushels. The census reports for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, show that only two states surpassed Vermont in yield of number of bushels of wheat per acre for that time. Vermont's average was 19 bushels and the average for the entire country was 12.9 bushels. The average price to farmers in Vermont Dec. 1 for the four-year period, 1909-1912, was $1.05 per bushel, and in the United States at large the price for that period was $0,844 per bushel. The average price in North Dakota for this period was $0.85 per bushel; in Min- nesota, $0,887 per bushel; in South Dakota, $0,847 per bushel. The average price in Vermont for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was $1,112 per bushel while the average price for the entire United States for the same period was $0,813 per bushel. The average returns from an acre of wheat land in Vermont for the period, 1870-1909, amounted to $21,128, and in the whole country for the same forty-year period, $10,487, or less than half the Vermont average. In a recent issue the Country Gentleman said : ' ' Irrio-ation farm- ing to be successful must always be in the nature of intensive farming. Forty acres is about the maximum of acreage that one farmer can operate properly. This is the judgment of experience. Intensive wheat farming is practiced in a number of the humid states. Of those which have small areas in wheat, Vermont takes the front place. In 1909 the Department of Agriculture received reports from five wheat farmers in the Green mountain state, each growing about eight acres. (Of course this does not mean that these five farmers are the only ones who raise wheat. This refers to special reports made by these 26 Vermont Farms particular farmers.) The expense is quite high. The Vermont wheat farmer of this type expends more for fertilizer than the total cost of the entire crop in Nebraska, excluding land interest. His fertilizer bill is $6.75 an acre; he spends $3.00 for preparing the ground which again is twice as much as the Nebraska wheat farmer spends for the same purpose. The Vermonter spends $2.75 for seed, while the Ne- braskan spends but $1.28 and the Wyoming man $1.45 ; it costs the Vermont man $1.31 to plant his acre of wheat, the Illinois man $0.35, the Nebraskan $0.44, the Minnesotan $0.42. "And so the items of expense run — from two to three times as much in Vermont as in the other wheat states where intensive wheat growing is not practiced until it gets to the item of land rent or interest on the value of the land. The Vermont wheat land is valued at $50 an acre, approximately the same as in Minnesota ; less than half as much as in Illinois, 50 per cent less than in Nebraska. "And when the Vermont small wheat grower has figured up his total he finds he has spent $23 to grow an acre of wheat, but when he harvests his crop he gets 36.2 bushels which he sells at the rate of $1.18, or a total of $42.71. And when he figures his net profit he finds he has made $19.71 an acre; $157.68 on his eight acre wheat patch on land valued at $450. That same year the Illinois man made $145 from 27 acres of wheat on land valued at $3,046; the Minnesotan made $276.32 on 44 acres valued at $2,150 ; the irrigationist in Wyom- ing or Nebraska made $188 from 21 acres valued at $2,100; the Ne- braska — humid region — wheat farmer made $240 on 40 acres valued at $2,981. The Vermont man's returns are at the rate of 35 per cent of the land value." The writer in the Country Gentleman might have drawn other interesting lessons from these figures. He seems inadvertantly to have made one or two errors. Of course eight acres at $50 an acre Avould be valued at $400 instead of $450. If the returns from an acre of Vermont wheat land were $19.71 and the value of the land was $50 an acre, then the returns would be at the rate of 39.4 per cent rather than 35 per cent. It will be seen that the returns per acre from Illinois wheat land amounted to $5.37 and that the Vermont farmer received more from his eight acres than the Illinois grower did from his 27 acres. It will be seen that the returns per acre for Minnesota amounted to $6.28 ; it will be seen that the irrigationist in AVyoming and Nebraska made $8.95 per acre, and the wheat grower in the humid region of Nebraska, $6.00 per acre. The Illinois wheat lands were valued at $112.44 per acre and the returns were at the rate of 4.7 per cent on the land value. The value of the wheat lands of Minnesota according to these figures would be $48.86 per acre, and the returns at the rate of 12.8 per cent of the land value. The value af wheat lands in the irrigated regions of Wyoming and Nebraska would be $100 an acre and the returns 8.95 per cent of the land value. The land in the humid region of Nebraska, according Oats 27 to these figures, is worth $74.52 an acre and the returns would be slightly more than eight per cent of the land value. Compared with the returns of nearly 40 per cent on the land value shown on the Vermont wheat land one may get an idea of the productiveness of Vermont soil. While most of the wheat grown in Vermont is spring wheat, occasionally a crop of winter wheat is grown. Last year a Woodstock farm had three acres of winter wheat Avhich produced an average of 43 bushels per acre. A letter from the Superintendent of the Vermont State Industrial School at Vergennes states that for several years from 40 to 42 bushels of wheat per acre have been raised on the farm owned by that institution. This letter, however, does not state whether the wheat was spring or winter variety. Last year the aver- age yield per acre of winter wheat in the United States was 15.1 bushels. The greatest winter wlieat growing States are Kansas, Nebraska and Washington. Their average yields last year were : Kansas, 15.5 bushels; Nebraska, 18 bushels; Washington, 27.6 bushels. Evidently Vermont can hold her own in wheat growing if she cares to undertake to raise that crop. OATS During the forty-year period, 1870-1909, inclusive, Vermont's average yield of bushels of oats per acre was the largest of any state in the tlnion. Last year only eight states surpassed Vermont in number of bushels of oats per acre. In 1911 nine states raised more oats per acre than Vermont. In 1910 five states surpassed the Ver- mont yield, and in 1909 seventeen states reported more bushels of oats per acre than Vermont. Vermont's average yield for the past four years was 37.3 bushels per acre while the average for the United States for the same period was 30.5 bushels per acre. Vermont's average yield for the period, 1870-1909, was 35.1 bushels per acre, while the average for the United States for the forty years mentioned was 27.6 bushels per acre. The states producing the largest number of bushels of oats per acre in recent years are Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Ohio. The average yield of oats per acre of these states during the past four years was as follows: Iowa, 33.7 bushels; Illinois, 36.5 bushels; Minnesota, 31.1 bushels; North Dakota, 35.6 bushels; Ohio, S*6.4 bushels. Not one of these states equals Vermouths average. The average Vermont price to farmers Dec. 1 for the four-year period, 1909-1912, was 51.7 cents. The average price for the period throughout the United States was 37.8 cents. The average price per bushel during the last four years in the states producing the largest number of bushels of oats was as follows : Iowa, 32.5 cents ; Illinois, 35 cents; Minnesota, 33.3 cents; Ohio, 38.5 cents. Vermont's price was far better than that paid by any of these states. For the forty-year period, 1870-1909, the average Vermont price was 43.5 cents per bushel, while the average price for the whole country was 32.3 cents per bushel. 28 Vermont Farms BARLEY In 1912 only seven states, and all of them in the irrigated region in the Far West, raised more bushels of barley per acre than Vermont. In 1911 eight states surpassed Vermont in bushels of barley per acre, while in 1910 six states, and in 1909 eight states raised more bushels per acre of barley than Vermont. Vermont's four year average was 30.8 bushels, while that of the United States was 23.9 bushels. The great barley growing states of the Union are California, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin. These states produced an aver- age yield per acre for the past four years as follows : California, 27.7 bushels; Minnesota, 22.6 bushels; North Dakota, 19.1 bushels; South Dakota, 17.4 bushels; Wisconsin, 26.9 bushels. Vermont easily out- ranked all of these states. Vermont's average yield of barley for the forty years from 1870 to 1909 was 27.3 bushels, and the average for the United States for that period was 23.3 bushels. During that period only four states showed a larger yield per acre than Vermjont. The average price paid to farmers Dec.l for the four-year period, 1909-1912, was 76.7 cents per bushel in Vermont, 62.3 cents for the United States as a whole. The average price paid in the leading barley growing states was as follows: California, 71 cents; Minnesota, 61 cents; North Dakota, 54.5 cents; South Dakota, 58 cents, Wisconsin, 58.5 cents. The Vermont price again exceeds not only that of the United States but also that of the states growing the largest amount of barley. The average Vermont price for the forty-year period, 1870- 1909, was 69 cents per bushel, and the price for the United States for the same was 55.1 cents per bushel. RYE Last year only three states raised more bushels of rye per acre than Vermont. In 1911 only one state surpassed Vermont in this re- spect, in 1910 nine states, and in 1909 six states. Vermont's four-year average yield was 19.2 bushels per acre and that of the United States for the same period, 12.9 bushels per acre. The great rye growing states are Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan and Pennsylvania. The four-year average yield of these states was as follows: Wisconsin, 16.3 bushels; Minnesota, 18.8 bushels; Michigan, 14.2 bushels; Pennsylvania, 15.6 bushels. Vermont's average yield for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 15.9 bushels per acre, while the average for the United States for the same period was 14 bushels per acre. Only five states surpassed Vermont during this forty-year period in bushels of rye per acre. Vermont does not suffer by any of these comparisons. The average price paid to Vermont farmers December 1 for the four-year period, 1909-1912, was 92.5 cents per bushel. The average price for that period throughout the United States was 73.2 cents per Potatoes 29 bushel. The average price paid in the leading rye growing states for the period mentioned was as follows: Wisconsin, 71 cents per bushel; Minnesota, 63 cents per bushel; Michigan, 71.7 cents per bushel; Pennsylvania, 77.5 cents per bushel. The average price per bushel paid in Vermont for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 78.2 cents and the average in the United States for the same period was 60.4 cents BUCKWHEAT In 1912 only one state surpassed Vermont in bushels of buckwheat per acre. In 1911 two states had a larger yield per acre, in 1910 two states, and 1909, one state. Vermont's four-year average, 1909-1912, was 25.2 bushels per acre. The average yield for the entire country for that period was 20.3 bushels per acre. The great buckwheat growing states of the Union are Pennsylvania and New York and their average jdeld for the period mentioned was as follows: Pennsjdvania, 20.5 bushels per acre; New York, 22 bushels per acre. Vermont's average yield for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 21.9 bushels, and that of the whole country was 16.5 bushels per acre. Only one state in the Union during this period surpassed Vermont in yield per acre. The average Vermont price to farmers December 1 for the period 1909-1912 was 75.7 cents per bushel, and that of the entire United States 68.7 cents per bushel. For the same period the price in Penn- sylvania was 65.7 cents and in New York was 67.7 cents. Vermont ranks with the best in ability to furnish the raw material for buckwheat cakes and the maple syrup wdth which to sweeten them. POTATOES During the forty-year period, 1870-1909, only two states showed a larger average yield of bushels of potatoes per acre than Vermont. In 1912, only seven states, all of them, with the single exception of Maine, in the irrigated region of the West, surpassed Vermont in bushels of potatoes per acre. In 1911 thirteen states surpassed Ver- immt in this respect, in 1910 seven states, and in 1909, five states. Ver- miont's average yield per acre for the four-year period, 1909-1912, was 132.2 bushels while the average yield for the United States for the same period was 98.5 bushels. The great potato growing states so far as aggregate amount of bushels produced is concerned are New York, Michigan, Wisconsin and ]\Iinnesota, in the order named. The average yield per acre in these states for the period 1909-1912 was as follows: New York 101.2 bushels; Michigan, 102.2 bushels; Wisconsin, 110.2 bushels; Minnesota, 107.7 bushels. ]\Iaine ranks fifth in the number of bushels produced, but in yield per acre is in a class by itself, showing an average yield for the four-year period mentioned of 202 bushels per acre. Thus Vermont is surpassed only by Maine of all the big potato growing states in yield per acre. The average Vermont yield for the forty-year period, 1870- 30 Vermont Farms 1909, was 112.5 bushels, and for the United States for that period was 83 bushels. Owing partly to the new lands of Aroostook county, and partly to scientific culture Maine has been able to take first place in yield of potatoes per acre, but Vermont affords wonderful opportunities for potato growing, and if the same methods are employed in Vermont that have proved so successful in Maine, there are large areas in which equally as good results may be achieved. The fact that some of the best known varieties of potatoes bear Vermont names, like ' ' Green Mountain ' ' and ' ' Pride of Vermont, ' ' in- dicate that this state is naturally associated with the growing of good potatoes. C. G. Pringle of Charlotte, Vt., one of the most famjous of American botanists, many years ago originated the Snowflake potato. He also originated the hulless oat, which made possible the production of certain popular cereal products, and Defiance wheat, which for many years was the staple product of some of the larger wheat fields of the West. It is said that Mr. Pringle gave Luther Burbank his first impulse to originate new varieties of plants. One of the large comjnercial fertilizer companies last year offered seven prizes for the largest yields of best quality, table-size potatoes. The second prize was awarded to George E. Burditt of Rochester, Vt., who raised 527.2 bushels from one acre, 73.5 per cent being of table size, 14.9 per cent being judged too large, and 11.6 per cent too small. In cooking qualities they scored 49 out of a possible 50 points. Mr. Burditt 's yield was only 18.2 bushels below the yield of the Maine man who captured the first prize. Mr. Burditt is a young man, just beginning farming, and recently completed the short course in agricul- ture at the University of Vermont. A recent report of the Vermont Department of Agriculture shows fhat an acre of Gold Coin potatoes raised in the northern part of the state yielded 360 bushels, which sold at fifty cents per bushel. The cost of ploughing, fitting the land, planting seed, fertilizer, tillage, spraying six times, digging and rent of land, amounted to $79, leaving a net profit of $101 for the acre of potatoes. This farmer also raises large quantities of seed potatoes for the Virginia market. In this connection it is interesting to note that this farmer, who is Hon. E. S. Brigham, now Commissioner of Agriculture, entered upon this line of business in a way that is a compliment to himself and a credit to the State of Vermont. H. W. Collingwood, in the Enrol Neiv Yorker, of which he is editor, recently published an illustrated article on this subject, in which he said: "You would hardly say that the man shown in the picture is making history — would say he is spraying potatoes. The fact is he is doing both. When you prove that Northern Vermont has the peculiar climate and soil needed to grow superior seed potatoes you make history. It is much like proving that the islands of the English Channel produce superior butter cows, that the shores of the Mediterranean Sea produced laying hens, or Hay 31 that around Northern France are to be found superior draft horses. '^A few years ago a group of Southern farmers and truckers, who planted large quantities of potatoes, went hunting for strong and vital seed. There was great damage from blight, which disease was peculiarly bad in their section. * * * These planters wanted, if pos- sible, seed from plants that never had the disease. They asked the Department of Agriculture to locate a section where there was least potato blight. Then they wanted a farmer to try growing seed. The agent of the department suggested E. S. Brigham, who lives near St. Albans, Vt. It cannot be said that there is no potato blight in this part of Northern Vermont, but it is infrequent, and in favored localities, with proper spraying, large areas of potatoes may be de- veloped with no trace of the disease." The article then proceeds to describe the methods of culture, which description does not properly find a place in this book, the im- portant fact being that the United States Department of Agriculture recognized Vermont as a region superior to all others for the raising of good seed potatoes, free from all taint of blight. This is a fact not to be ignored by farmers who are weighing the merits of various agricultural regions. Experts have declared that the AVhite River valley was as well adapted to potato raising as Aroostook county, Maine. The AVhite River Railroad Company recently offered prizes for the best potatoes grown along this line and the v/inner of the first prize raised 467.4 bushels from an acre. Good potato growing soil, however, is limited to no particular section of the state, and when Aroostook county methods are employed, Arootstook county yields will be secured in almost any part of Vermont. HAY Last year fifteen states surpassed Vermont in tons of hay per acre. In 1911 fourteen states surpassed A^ermont in this respect; in 1910, twenty-one states; in 1909, thirty-two states. Vermont's four-year average yield was 1.30 tons per acre, while the average throughout the United States for the period was 1.33 tons per acre. The great hay growing states are New York, Iowa, Pennsylvania, IMissouri and Ohio. The average four-year yield for these states was as follows : New York, 1.16 tons; Iowa, 1.19 tons; Pennsylvania, 1.22 tons; Miss- ouri, 1.07 tons; Ohio, 1.25 tons. The average yield per acre for Ver- mont for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 1.15 tons. The average yield for the United States for that period was 1.28 tons. The average Vermont price to farmers December 1 for the four- year period, 1909-1912, was $13.77 per ton. The average price in the United States for the period was $12.18 per ton. The average price of this period in the great lis^y growdng states was as follows : New York, $15.17; Iowa, $9.67; Pennsylvania, $16.30; Missouri, $10.15; Ohio, $13.82. 32 Vermont Farms According to the census reports, in 1909 Vermont had 1,030,618 acres of hay and forage and produced 1,502,730 tons valued at $16,- 333,530. These figures show that in 1903 Vermont ranked as the twenty-second state in acreage, the twentieth in production and the sixteenth in vahie of crop. According to the statistics published in the Government Crop Reporter, in 1912 Vermont ranked fifteenth in acre- age, seventeenth in production and eleventh in value. While Vermont's average yield falls below the average yield for the United States, its average exceeds that of the great hay growing states for the period 1909-1912. The large yield in the irrigated states of the West brings up the average for the country. The total value of hay and forage crops in Vermont in 1909 was six times that of the cereals of the state, about twice that of potatoes, and represented about three-fifths of the total value of Vermont crops for that year. The hay and forage acreage in this state is nearly eight times of that of the cereal acreage. The increase in acreage from 1899 to 1909 was 2.4 per cent and the increase in value of the crop during the same period was 54.9 per cent. Although hay is the principal Vermont crop it is possible largely to increase the yield by means of more extensive agriculture and a better system of crop rotation. Vermont can do better — much better — than she is now doing in the production of hay and an excellent opportunity is afforded in this state for a larger production of this important crop. Prof. L. R. Jones, now of the University of Wisconsin, has said of Vermont's opportunities along this line "Both the climatic and the soil conditions of this section are peculiarly suited to the growth of grass and the agricultural reputation of New England is largely based upon this fact. Nature has given a wider variety and more luxuri- ant growth of valuable natural grasses than in any other like area in the United States." ALFALFA IN VERMONT While alfalfa has not been grown extensively in Vermont — only 252 acres v/ere reported in 1909 — it has been grown successfully in Grand Isle county, which led in the production, with Addison county a close second. An alfalfa expert has said that he has never seen alfalfa east of the Mississippi river superior to that in the fields of Grand Isle. A Grand Isle farmer has written the Publicity Bureau as follows regarding his experience in alfalfa growing : ' ' I have been growing alfalfa now fifteen years, the first five years on a small scale which was not very satisfactory, as we did not cut it early enough or cure it properly. All agricultural papers said to cut it when it was well blossomed out, which we did, and cured it as we did our clover and other hay. We found that the leaves dropped off in handling and left a woody stalk that cattle did not care for. We now cut it as soon as we see a blossom and let it wilt a short time then cock it up and let it stand three or four days, then open and air it Maple Sugar 33 and put in the barn. No leaves will drop and if it is good weather when put in it will come out of the mow as green as the day it was cut. We put in about sixty-five tons last year and it averaged about five tons to the acre, and we are seeding ten acres this year. I wish my hay was all alfalfa." TOBACCO "While tobacco is not extensively grown in Vermont, there are to- bacco farms in the southern part of the state, in the Connecticut valley that are very productive. Last year, Vermont, New Ham- shire, Massachusetts and Connecticut were tied for first place in pounds of tobacco per acre. Vermont's four-year average, 1909-1912, was ],649.7 pounds per acre. The general average for the United States Vv^as 825.5 pouncls per acre. The great tobacco growing states of the Union are Kentucky, Virginia and North Carolina, and their average yield for the past four years is as follows : Kentucky, 829.5 pounds ; Virginia, 724.2 pounds; North Carolina, 638.7 pounds. Vermont's average for the forty-year period, 1870-1909, was 1,533.7 pounds, and that of the United States for the same period was 747.6 pounds. The average Vermont price to farmers December 1st for the four- year period, 1909-1912, was 16 cents per pound, and the average price for the United States was 9-9 cents per pound. The aver- age price for the same period in the great tobacco growing states was as follows : Kentucky, 8.9 cents per pound ; Virginia, 9.7 cents per pound; North Carolina, 11.9 cents per pound. While Vermont's tobacco crop is not large in the aggregate, this crop record affords another excellent illustration of the fertility of Vermont soil, and it is probable that the tobacco output of the state could be considerably increased. MAPLE SUGAR No state in the Union is so distinctly associated with the pro- duction of high grade maple sugar as is Vermont. Probably the majority of the American people involuntarily think of Vermont w^hen maple sugar is mentioned. Of course the Green Mountain state does not produce all the maple product, but for many years it has led all states in the production of maple sugar, although other states have led in the production of maple syrup. According to the census report, Vermont and New York produced over 77 per cent, of the total crop in 1910, over 70 per cent in 1900, over 74 per cent, in 1890, over 60 per cent, in 1880, and these two states, together with Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, IMaryland and Michigan, have produced over 90 per cent, of the total maple sugar crop since 1880. The money value of Vermont's production of maple sugar and syrup in 1910 was $1,086,933, according to the last census report. 34 Vermont Farms It is certain that Vermont might increase largely the output of maple products, but owing to the high price of maple wood not a few orchards have been cut down, a process comparable to that of killing the goose that laid the golden egg. Prof. C. W. Woodbury of Norwich University estimates that two-thirds or less of the maple trees of Vermont are tapped. In order to get a more accurate idea of the maple sugar production of Vermont and its possibilities, the Vermont Legislature, during its recent session, provided that the listers when taking the annual list shall ascertain approximately how many maple trees are tapped, the number of maple trees available and not tapped and how many pounds of maple sugar and how many gallons of maple syrup were made by each person engaged in making maple sugar or syrup during the preceding year. This information is to be compiled by the Secretary of State and published in the report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. The sugar maple is a long-lived tree. William Chapin of Middle- sex has told the story of a sugar maple two hundred or two hundred twenty-five years old, a cross section of which disclosed tapping marks for a hundred years or more. Maple sugar is made at a time of the year when other farm work is not pressing, and it is a most desirable side line adding materially to the farm income. Pure maple products are a luxury, and the market is capable of almost unlimited expansion. With a reputation firmly established, and a demand for high grade products exceeding the supply, maple sugar making on a larger scale deserves to rank among Vermont's agricultural opportunities. APPLES Of all the agricultural opportunities that Vermont affords, and they are many, the opportunity afforded the apple grower who will adopt modern, scientific methods must be placed in the forefront. There is no better place to-day than Vermont in all the length and breadth of the United States for the profitable raising of apples and there are few, if any, as good, all things being taken into consideration. There are three great and compelling reasons why Vermont is the ideal section of this country for the profitable growing of high grade apples, and these reasons are : unsurpassed soil and climatic condi- tions; cheapness of good orchard lands; and proximity to the best markets. Prof. M. B. Cummings of the University of Vermont states the case well when he says: "Vermont is a natural apple state and lies well within the apple belt of the United States. We have a climate which is congenial to the apple; abundant rain in most seasons, a warm summer and a winter not too severe. However, the winters are cold enough to assist in repressing insect pests and fungus diseases which are less in evidence here than elsewhere in this country. The soil is well adapted to the apple tree; generally well drained, for the Appi.es 35 most part easily tilled and seldom too scant in fertility. Granite and limestome soils prevail, and these are conceded to be congenial to apple roots. Grafted as well as native trees live a long time in our State. One may see nearly everywhere throughout the State the native trees which possess aji almost indefinite span of life. These old patriots appear in out of the way places. They have lived and apparently have thrived in absolute neglect and sometimes under abusive treatment. If native, uncared-for trees will bear for fifty years, what may one expect of grafted fruit grown in cultivated orchards? The few who have tried modern methods of orcharding in Vermont are satisfied with the present environmental condition. ' ' Not long ago Hoard's Dairyman contained an article regarding a peninsula in Wisconsin running up between Lake Michigan and Green Bay which was considered a w^onderful apple growing region because it was underlaid with limestone. The article further relates an experiment performed by a Michigan apple grower who had noted the benefit which was derived from the limestone soil of this "Wisconsin peninsula, and had placed a quantity of ground limestone about every apple tree in his orchard of 125 acres. When the Almighty created this portion of the world now known as Vermont he underlaid much of it with limestone rock, so that to-day Vermont is the leading marble producing region in the world. Therefore, Vermonters do not need to apply limestone to their soil, as this was done for them in the begin- ning, and the fact has much to do with the excellence of the Vermont apple. The fact that Vermont is well watered adds to its desirability as an apple growing region. In the Yakima valley, Washington, in 1910, water was drawn five miles in barrels to irrigate orchards. Vermont is not compelled to depend upon irrigation. The Vermont apples are noted for their good color, freedom from blemishes, superior flavor, crisp, juicy flesh and excellent keeping qualities. Prof. Lowell Raudenbush and others who have studied conditions say that with one or two inconsiderable exceptions no better apple ground than Vermont exists in our country. In concluding an article on ''Apples in Vermont," recently pub- lished in the Country Gentleman, Samuel P'razer, writing of the men now going into apple growing in this state, said: "They are prepared to utilize the forces which nature has given them — the magnificent climate, the cool fall nights which put the color on fruit. From now on we may expect that Vermont will stand out as one of the sections which will be ranked with Hood River in apple growing history. ' ' One may purchase good apple land at almost any price he desires to pay. Probably prices are higher in Grand Isle county than in other parts of the Champlain valley and elsewhere, but even there they would seem absurdly cheap to the apple grower accustomed to 36 Vermont Farms prices of orchard land in Oregon, while upland pastures tha+ would grow the best of apples may be purchased often for only a few dollars an acre. Nearness of Markets The nearness of the best markets may be ascertained by looking at any map of the United States. Within a radius of 500 nides from Mont- pelier, the capital of Vermont, situated near the center of the state, there is an urban population exceeding 21,000,000 or at least half the urban population of the country, which was shown by the census of 1910 to be 42,633,303. The most important railroad sj^stems of the East compete for Vermont freight and the Champlain valley has the benelit of water transportation to New York City by way of Lake Champlain, the Champlain canal and the Hudson river. Vermont apple lands may be divided into two sections, the Cham- plain valley and the hill country. Possibly a third section should be added, the Connecticut valley, although many would include that in the second section mentioned. T. L. Kinney, a well known Ver- mont apple grower, says : ' ' The Champlain ^ alley was the first valley in the United States which ever got a reputation as a commercial section for growing apples." Lake Champlain influences the temperature of the region and makes it particularly good for apple growing. A well known apple grower of the Champlain valley is Arthur H. Hill of Isle La Motte and he has prepared for this volume the following article on _ Apple Growing in Vermont ''It will be news to many persons inside and outside of this state to learn that apple gromng in Vermont has developed to the dignity of an important commercial industry — that in certain sections, in fact, it is the distinctive feature of local enterprise. This develop- ment has been comparatively recent, so that those in closest touch with it have hardly yet felt the full significance of the change or have dared to look forward to future possibilities. Even the men most deeply engaged in commercial apple growing are still in the experimental stage of the business. "That part of Vermont in which the commercial production of apples has received most attention is unquestionably Grand Isle county. Grand Isle is located in the extreme north west cor- ner of Vermont, touching Canada on the north, and being separated from New York by Lake Champlain. It consists practically of three islands, Isle La Motte, 'North Island' and 'South Island' and one peninsula, Alburg. It is the smallest county in the state, comprising only about 50,000 acres, but has about 47,500 acres in farms according to the last census. Being practically surrounded by the waters of Lake Champlain makes it naturally a very favorable district for fruit growing. Apple Growing in Vermont 37 ''Practically all of Grand Isle county is available for apple growing. Geologically the territory belongs principally to the Chazy, Trenton and Utica limestone formations, Istrata which themselves yield valuable agricultural soils, though the surface soil over most of the county is probably deposited from other sources. "A very thorough investigation recently made, reaching person- ally to each fruit grower in Isle La Motte, shows that in the smallest town in the county there are : No. of growers. Bearing trees. Trees too young Average yearly to bear. crop in barrels. ^_ 44 15,582 7,885 18,240 The other towns in this county are being surveyed, but it is safe to say that fully 50,000 barrels of apples are shipped out this county an- nually by about 200 growers. "For planting a new orchard most Grand Isle county growers prefer two-year-old trees but a few of the more up-to-date horti- culturists are using one-year old trees. First class budded trees of standard varieties, two-year-old, cost $12.50 to $18 per hundred. Some people pay more, but that is their privilege. First class one- year-old trees can be had for one half the price of two-year-old trees. Every commercial orchard in Grand Isle county is under culti- vation. Young orchards are planted to corn, beans or similar crops requiring cultivation. Bearing orchards are ploughed early in the spring and harrowed throughout the season to July 1st or later and then some cover crop is sown. Buckwheat has usually proved to be the best. ]\Iost orchards in Grand Isle county are fertilized with barn- yard manure, but some receive phosphoric acid and potash in addition. Spraying is now a settled practice among Grand Isle county apple growers and most of the larger successful growers have good power sprayers. Lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead are used mostly now in preference to the Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, although many fruit growers are still using Bordeaux for the first spraying. "Apple growing as a special industry under the conditions which obtain in the region under consideration pays and pays well. One orchard of four acres containing 200 trees of Fameuse has averaged to net over $1,000 every year for the past twenty years. Last season E. S. Fleury picked fourteen barrels of i\IcIntosh Red from one tree, worth at least three dollars per barrel, or fifty-two dollars. These results are not extreme, but they were secured by men who take care of their orchards. Already companies are being formed to produce and market fruit on a financial basis, and the Eastern Fruit and Nut Company, capitalized at $100,000, has acquired over 200 acres on Grand Isle and is putting out about 10,000 apple trees. "We have the best markets in the world within 500 miles of us, and apples in car lots can be delivered in New" York City in three days at twenty-five cents per barrel- Buyers from Boston, Buffalo, New 38 Vermont Farms York City, Philadelphia and Chicago are here after the apples every season, and the farmer who has good fruit to dispose of can always get a good price right here at home. Vermont apples, especially from Grand Isle county, are good keepers, well flavored, and command the highest prices in the New York market. "AVith the same care and attention to details practiced by the Far Western fruit growers, we can grow better fruit here in every way at less than one-quarter the cost. There good orchard lands cost a thousand dollars per acre up. Here good orchard lands cost fifty dollars per acre up. It cost $600 freight to put a carload of Oregon or Washington apples into New York City. It cost us here in Vermont $50 freight on a similar carload into New York. What I have said relative to fruit growing in Grand Isle county is applicable to every other county in the Champlain valley. ' ' Wherever in Vermont apples will grow wild in fence corners and in old pastures under neglect, it is possible to grow first class fruit under proper cultivation. Men like 0. S. Rixford of Highgate, C. T. Holmes of Charlotte, A. T. Clark of Vergennes, G. H. "Wright of Middle- bury, R. L. Hemenway of Bridport — and by the way I have known Mr. Hemenway's Northern Spy apples to sell for fourteen dollars per barrel in New York — John McLane Stevens of Orwell, D. C. Hicks of North Clarendon, Ernest West of Dorest, and A. A. Halladay of Bellows Falls, grow as fine Vermont apples as can be produced and are not surpassed by any growers of fine fruit in the world." Profit in Upland Orchards The Champlain Valley is not the only part of Vermont, however, in which good apples may be grown profitably. H. W. Collingwood, editor of the Rural New Yorker, says : " If I were a younger man to- day I would w^illingly invest every dollar and dime I could get in hill land in New England and plant it to an apple orchard. There will be an enormous market for the fruit. These hillsides of Vermont and New Hampshire are the best places for fruit. It needs good, steep drainage. The cold air moving down and the warm air rising gives a great protection from frosts." Prof. William Stuart, formerly of the University of Vermont, has said : ' ' There is in Vermont today much hill-town land having a valu- ation of from five to ten dollars per acre which is now devoted to pasture or is largely waste land, hardly yielding sufficient revenue to pay the taxes, which if devoted to apple orcharding might be made to return an average income of from fifty to one hundred fifty dollars per acre, or even more. From having a valuation of from five to ten dollars per acre it might have one of five hundred dollars or more if it w^as covered with thrifty, wxll-cared-for apple trees. * ^ ^ There is no reason why hill-town orcharding may not be successfully and profit- ably practiced in Vermont." Gr. H. Terrill has declared concerning Vermont apples that "the higher up on our hillsides, the better the keeping qualities. I believe Favorable Tax Legislation 39 there is nothing we can plant these high hills to that will produce better returns than the good red apple." An Oregon Opinion op Vermont An Oregon fruit grower, writing in the Neiu England Farmer, said: "We have no hesitancy in saying that better flavored fruit can be produced in sections with winters like those in Vermont than in sections like Oregon and Washington, where the winters are miid. The cold acts upon the tree as it does upon the human system, tending to invigorate the tree in every way and destroying the fungi and larvae which are injurious to the tree. It is a fact, though generally unknown in the East, that more fungi and insect pests are found in the orchards on the Pacific Coast than in the East. "There are man^^ advertising pamphlets circulating in the East picturing wonderful opportunities in the West, but if as much pains w^ere taken to stud}^ and advertise the resources of the East they would present opportunities equal to those in the West. "Good bearing orchards range in price from $1,000 to $3,000 per acre in Washington and Oregon, but this price does not include build- ings. Irrigation is a necessary and expensive problem to be considered. What in the West would buy only one or two acres would purchase in the East an average size farm with buildings where irrigation is un- necessary. We firmly believe that an acre in the East can be made to clear as great a profit as an acre in the West by applying Western principles to fruit growing. "It is the Easterners that are making Oregon w^hat it is. Why do they not put forth this effort to develop their native States where every- thing is in favor of fruit culture? With climate and soil adapted to fruit raising, varieties like Rhode Island Greenings, Baldwins and Northern Spies, large markets close at hand and extreme low price of land, the East offers an exceptional field for scientific fruit culture."^ / Favorable Tax Legislation The last Legislature passed a law exempting orchard trees from taxation for fifteen years from the time of planting, so that land de- voted to orchard purposes shall be taxed for the period mentioned at the same rate assessed before the trees were set out. In 1909 Vermont ranked twenty-fifth among the apple producing states, the reported yield for the year 1,459,689 bushels. While Ver- mont has not entered largely into the competition at apple shows, yet at the New England Fruit Show held at Boston in 1911, out of five premiums for Northern Spies, Vermont took three, the first, third and fifth, and a Grand Isle county man took the blue ribbon. Vermont growers took the blue ribbons for Mcintosh Reds and Spitzenbergs, the second prize for Rhode Island Greenings in boxes, the second prize for Northern Spies in boxes, and the third prize for Northern 40 Vermont Farms Spies in barrels. With only seventy-six plates entered, Vermont took eighteen ribbons. Successful Apple Growers Probably the best known orchard in Vermont is that of C. T. Holmes of Charlotte in the Champlain Valley. This orchard, con- sisting of 105 acres, mostly set to Rhode Island Greenings in 1870, was in the sod for many years and bore little fruit. In the winter of 1907, fifty acres of the orchard were given a good mulch of barnyard manure. Great benefit was experienced as the result of the mulch and cultivation. That fall Mr. Holmes picked 2,500 barrels of apples from the fifty acres cultivated and 600 barrels from the fifty acres unculti- vated. Modern methods have since been pursued in this orchard. In 1908 about $7,000 was cleared from the orchard and in 1909 about $12,000. In 1910 the crop sold for $20,000, of which sum about $15,000 was profit. The Greenings from the Holmes orchards have sold at prices ranging from five to seven dollars per barrel. R. L. Hemenway of Bridport, in the southern part of the Cham- plain Valley, has an orchard of thirty acres, planted between the years 1870 and 1872, w^hich is one of the best in Vermont. Some of his best Northern Spy apples have sold in the New York markets as high as fourteen dollars a barrel. In 1910 his third grade Northern Spies sold for $5.60 and $6 a barrel, his fancy grade from $6 to $9 a barrel, and his extra fancy grade from $9.50 to $14 a barrel. His Greenings sold that year at prices ranging from $5.50 to $6.50 a barrel. From H. B. Allen's orchard in South Hero, in 1899, w^hich w^as an ''off-year," so-called, the net income was $1,400 from fourteen acres. The apples from this orchard sold in the New York markets at an average price of $5.22 per barrel. Some of the best brought $8, $9 and $10 per barrel. In 1910 W. N. Phelps of South Hero sold 4,000 barrels of apples at an average price of $3 per barrel. In 1911 F. A. Drew of South Burlington picked 1,000 barrels of apples from 550 trees and received $4.75 per barrel at Burlington. Dr. H. C. Tinkham, Dean of the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Vermont, and G. L. Pease have converted a small farm of 14 acres just south of Burlington into a profitable investment. An old orchard has been renovated, the trees trimmed, the cavities filled with cement, the soil fertilized and cultivated, and the owners have sold in a single season $2,000 worth of apples, also tons of winter squash raised on the same land. 0. S. Rixford of Highgate has a Fameuse orchard of 50 acres, set out in 1885 on the northern slope of a stony mountain pasture, w^hich produced 10,000 bushels of fine fruit in 1906. These are illustrations gathered at random with no attempt to make a thorough canvass of the state. Small Fruits and Vegetables 41 No Danger of Over-Production But somebody will ask: ''Is there not danger of over-doing the apple business?" In answer to this question it is proper to say that the census figures show that in the period, 1899 to 1909, the apple pro- duction of this country decreased from 175,397,600 bushels in 1899 to 147,522,318 bushels in 1909, or a falling off of 27,875,282 bushels during the decade mentioned. During the same decade it was shown that apple trees of bearing age had decreased from 201,794,000 in 1900 to 151,323,000 in 1910, a loss of 50,471,000 trees. During that period the population of this country increased from 75,994,575 in 1900 to 91,972,266 in 1910, or a gain of 15,947,691. Taking into account the decrease in apples and apple trees, the increase in population, the rise of the important apple canning industry during the past few years, and the possibility with a better system of distribution of food products of vastly increasing the market for fruit, it will be seen that there is no occasion for worry over a glut in the apple market for a consider- able period of time. There are a good many apple orchards in Vermont that may be renovated and made profitable in a comparatively short time. Why go to the Pacific Coast, pay enormous prices for apple lands and be compelled to ship fruit 3,000 miles across the continent, when just as good land can be bought in Vermont at from one-fiftieth to one-twen- tieth the price, with the best markets of the world at our very doors? The same care in cultivating, spraying, picking and packing used in Oregon will bring just as good results in Vermont, and the advantages of the Vermont producer over his Western rival are too obvious to require any extended argument. Any person desiring to engage in apple growing will serve his own best interests by investigating con- ditions and opportunities in Vermont before he invests elsewhere. Any person considering the purchase of land here for the purpose mentioned should obtain or consult a copy of a very valuable bulletin on "Vermont an Apple Growing State," issued in October, 1911, by the Vermont Department of Agriculture. It gives the varieties of apples best adapted to the various sections of the state and contains much information absolutely essential to an intelligent understanding of conditions in Vermont. SMALL FRUITS AND VEGETABLES M. A. Jenkins of Bradford, Vt., one of the largest strawberry growers in New England, uses ten acres for raising this fruit, half of this area being used for bearing plants and half for new ''sets," which will come into bearing the following year. During the season of 1911 Mr. Jenkins shipped at the rate of 100 bushels per day and as many as 121 bushels per day. He employs as many as forty pickers, who camp out during the season of three or four weeks. The Vermont strawberry season follows immediately after the Massachusetts season, and good prices are secured. 42 Vermont Farms In 1911, L. S. Richardson of Chester Depot, picked and sold from the rear end of a village lot, one-fourth of an acre in size, $200 worth of strawberries- Another man realized $275 from a half acre of strawberries, and a Hyde Park man made $900 from two and a half acres of land set out to strawberries. In 1908, E. H. Hallett, of St. Johnsbury, raised 500 bushels of strawberries, or 16,000 quarts, on one acre of land. There are other large growers of strawberries in Bradford besides Mr. Jenkins and strawberries are grown in considerable quantities in St. Albans and elsewhere. Vegetables are raised both for the local markets and for canning factories. One St. Albans farmer raises every year about 3,500 bushels of string beans for canning. In 1911 a St. Albans farmer raised about 125 tons of sweet corn, for which he received $10 per ton at the canning factory- The following letter, written to the Publicity Bureau by L. 11. Sheldon of Fair Haven, shows how this enterprising dealer markets his fruits and vegetables: "Our plan of operation is to develop the local market. Our summer hotels at present use large quantities of canned goods, partly I think, because they are easily prepared, but it would seem to be our business to have the stuff ready for them, advertise freely so as to let their guests know that they can have fresh vegetables if they choose, and their patrons will do the rest. ''"We are surprised at the small amount of trade that can be secured in a country town. "We try to get close to the consumer, therefore retail most of our produce, running a sales-wagon every week in the year. We run this wagon once or twice a week during the winter, twice or three times a week during the spring and daily during the summer. We also run a wagon daily for three months to the sum- mer resorts at Lake Bomoseen, alternating each side of the lake, so we reach customers every other day. We try to raise everything we can on the farm, but at certain seasons piece out with Southern stuff, although it is not comparable to our home grown fruit and vegetables. ''It is strange that our state does not grow more small fruits, raspberries, gooseberries, currants, etc. Our strawberries always sell at 15 cents, raspberries 18 to 20 cents, and I think that there is no section of the country more sure to produce good crops. Crates can be had for nothing, or for a mere trifle, compared with what the Southern producers have to pay, and when we realize what a low price the fruit must net them, it would seem that we are neglecting our opportunities not to supply fully our home market. When I think how the high cost of meat, together with more culti\ated tastes, is turning the people to the fruits and vegetables of the farm, I grow enthusiastic over the possiblities of the home market. ''We do not propose to hide our light under a bushel. Every other business advertises, why not the farmer ? We try to keep people thinking about Valley Farm in connection with good things to eat. Horses 43 We take space by the year in our local paper, and print sometimes a list of what we have to sell, sometimes a little fun, anything to make people read our ads., and we know they do read them. "To sum up, we try to have a large variety of fruits and vege- tables. We try to develop and increase the local market, to get a reputation for a square deal, and to let people know what we are doing. We are hoping in the near future to own an auto truck. We can see great possibilities in it for our business." Pears, plums and cherries grow well in Vermiont and the quality produced is excellent. Alt a recent State Fair, G. H. Wright & Sons of Middlebury displayed thirty-four varieties of grapes. Maple Ridge Fruit Farm of Dummerston has exhibited remark- ably fine peaches from a peach orchard of 1,500 trees. There is an excellent opportunity for fruit growing in Vermont. It is difficult to get raspberries, even for the home market, and there would seem to be an opportunity for growing such berries here at a good profit. Vermont has made an excellent record in the growing of straw- berries. L. H. Sheldon, of Fair Haven, Vt., a successful market gard- ener, says: ''The strawberry grows to perfection in our state (Ver- mont). The long winter rest seems to be just what it needs and w^e do not suffer from frost oftener than in the South. In twenty years I have never grown a crop that I thought did not pay expenses; on the other hand, the best record is at the rate of over 1,000 quarts per acre. Compare our prices with what the Southern growers get- Very many Southern berries were sold in our town last season for 12 cents per box. The shipper must furnish crates and boxes, pay express to New York, then to Albany, thence to Fair Haven, pay one — perhaps two — jobbers' and one retailer's profits, to say nothing of the thou- sands of crates of damaged fruit being dumped in New York harbor, and the consumer at the end usually gets a basket about two-thirds full of nearly green or rotten fruit. We can grow more and finer berries per acre, cut out all those expenses, for we get the Southern man's crates for little or nothing, boxes are often returned, and our price is generally higher; and yet I know^ farmer boys working today in factories or mills for a pittance above their board, girls who have spent years in fitting themselves to teach in school thirty-tw^o weeks in the year at $7.00 per week and board themselves, when they could hire the hard work done in the strawberries, and sell at w^hole- sale, and in picking and packing they would excel. HORSES For the better part of a century Vermont has been famous as the land of good horses. It was John G. Saxe, the poet, who said : Vermont is famous for four things : Men, women, maple sugar and horses; The first are strong, the latter fleet, The second and third exceedingly sweet, And all are uncommonly hard to beat. V em > J 44 Vermont Farms As the home of Justin Morgan, founder of the famous Morgan strain, Vermont has ranked high in the breeding of horses. From 3850 to 1860 Vermont raised and sold more horses than any other state in the Union. For a time the raising of Morgans was neglected, but the development of this wonderful breed has been revived and again Vermont has the opportunity to increase its prosperity by raising a larger number of high grade Morgan horses. The horse, Justin Morgan, was owned by a man of that name who emigrated from West Springfield, Mass., to Randolph, Vt., about the time of the birth of the animal, in 1789. The Morgan Horse Register says the horse was sired by True Briton, said to have been captured from Col. James DeLancey, a British officer, during the American Revolution. By many it is supposed that Justin Morgan descended from Arabian stock. When a colt he was brought to Ran- dolph by Mr. Morgan. He was used by him as a breeding animal and several years later was sold, being owned in St. Johnsbury, Mont- pelier, and elsewhere. The horse Justin Morgan was about fourteen hands high, weighed about 950 pounds, and was a dark bay with black full mane and tail. Solomon Steele of Derby Line, Vt., who knew the horse well, said: "No man of ordinary judgment could fail to discover his peculiar points of excellence, his oblique shoulders, high crest, fine ear, promi- nent and sagacious eye, perfect head, large and expanded nostrils, strong loins, long hip, deep and well spread chest, high withers, short pasterns, strong and sinewy limbs, with all the important muscles far surpassing in size those of any other horse of his weight ever seen in America." It was also said of Justin Morgan that he could ''out- walk, out-trot, out-run, out-pull," every horse entered against him. Six of the best known sons of Justin Morgan were the Fenton Horse, the Hawkins Horse, Sherman Morgan, Bulrush Morgan, Wood- bury IMorgan and Revenge. Black Hawk was a son of Sherman Mor- gan and Ethan Allen was a son of Black Hawk. Green Mountain Morgan was a son of Gifford Morgan, and he a son of Woodbury Morgan. Green Mountain Morgan probably was one of the most beautiful horses ever reared in the United States. It was said of him by one who knew him well: ''When moving I never saw such majesty em- bodied in horse flesh as was displayed by Green I\Iountain Morgan. His arched neck seemed clothed with thunder and his floating mane and tail, his eye of fire, his red distended nostrils, revealed more per- fectly to miy mind the original of those fiery, magnificent coursers, the Greek ideal of the war horse, to be found in the Elgin marbles, than I ever saw elsewhere." Green Mountain Morgan was called bv General Wool of Mexican war fame, "the finest parade horse in the country." In 1860, Governor Banks of Massachusetts, seeking the finest possible mount for a muster at Concord, sent to Williamstown. Horses 45 Vt., and secured Green Mountain Morgan for the occasion. Although the horse was then twentj^-five years okl, he showed no signs of age, played his part to perfection, and was ' ' the observed of all observers. ' ' While the Morgans have not, as a rule, been noted as trotting horses, some of the speediest of American racers have had Morgan blood in their veins. Such a list would include Dan Patch, Lou Dillon, Uhlan, Dariel, Audubon Boy, Major Delmar, Sweet Marie and The Harvester. One of the most famous of American races was held June 21, 1867, when fortj^ thousand people saw Dan Mace drive the famous iMorgan, Ethan Allen, with a running mate, in a matched race with the great Dexter, winning the race. It has been said that probably no horse race in the country ever has excited more enthusiasm than this. Vermont has carried off the honors at several of the great world's fairs. Knox Morgan, owned by F, G. Chandler & Son of Peacham, won the first and championship prizes at the St. Louis Exposition. The first $1000 premium for all harnessed stallions in the United States, the second of $350 and the third of $150, offered at the St. Louis, Mo., fair in 1858, were awarded to three sons of Vermont Black Hawk. Fifty- seven stallions were exhibited and every well known breed of horses in the country was represented. Gen. Sheridan's "Rienzi," which he rode to Cedar Creek from "Winchester twenty miles away," was a IMorgan horse, and Gen. Cus- ter's favorite horse was a Morgan. When one of the sculptors engaged to model the statuary for the Chicago World's Fair made a great model in clay of a typical specimen of the American horse, Vermont furnished a Morgan, a daughter of Daniel Lambert, for the model. It was fitting that one of the pieces of the silver service presented to the battleship A^ermont should be embellished with the head of a IMorgan horse. The Morgans have been famous for their endurance. IMany stories are told of the remarkable feats of strength of Justin IMorgan and some of his descendants. In 1853 the New York Herald, in an article on the Sixth Avenue Railroad, said : ' ' Four-fifths of all the horses employed on the road are from Vermont and New Hampshire and of these nearly all are of the celebrated Morgan breed." Justin Morgan has been called the most remarkable animal in the world from the standpoint of prepotency- It is proper to quote a few of the many opinions expressed regarding this wonderful animal. In an article dealing with horses in Vermont, one of the editors of Louis- ville, Ky., Journal, who had made a tour of the Northern states in 1845, said : ' ' There is no doubt whatever of this — that the breed of the IMor- gan horse was and is now in the few instances where it can be found, far the best breed of horses for general use that ever was in the United States — probably the best in the world; and it is remarkable that the breed was and is now known by many and striking perculiar- ities common to nearly every individual." 46 Vermont Farms The American Farmer's Encyclopedia, published in Philadelphia, said in 1844: "Perhaps the very finest breed of horses in the United States when general usefulness is taken into consideration, is what is commonly known in the Northern and Eastern states as the Morgan horse. ' ' The American Horse Breeder has said : ' ' Probably no other family of horses ever existed in which so large a proportion of its members 'acted well their part' with greater honor to themselves and their family than tliat founded by the noted stallion, Justin Morgan. The majority of these w^ere remarkably cheerful, docile and faithful in whatever station they were placed. Their great strength in propor- tion to their size was proverbial, and their endurance was wonderful. No horses of their size could compete with the old time Morgans, either for pulling logs in the clearing, loads on the road in a team^ on the plow, the family carriage or under saddle on parade. There never has been a family that transmitted its valuable qualities with greater uniformity than the Morgan. ' ' A correspondent of the Indiana Farmer said: "If there is any animal which is a friend to a farmer, it is the Morgan horse, w^hich, not so long ago, made good from drawing the entire family to church on Sunday, to hauling the big loads of hav from the meadows on a week day. ' ' "There never was a better all-round horse on American soil than the Morgan, and liverymen everywhere bear testimony as to its value," says the Kansas Farmer. David Buffum, writing in Outing on "Making Carriage Horses in America," said of the Morgan: "This family has gone on record as the gamest, the most beautiful, and all things considered, the near- est to perfection of any that America has produced. Though not as fast at the trot as some other families, they were all fast; they all showed uncommon endurance and stamina; they had the points of equine excellence and elegance that distinguished the Arab; and they bore themselves as superbly as the proudest of the aristocratic sons of the desert. ' ' President Benjamin Harrison attended a meeting of the Vermont Association of Road and Trotting Horse Beeders at White River Junction in 1891, and said: "I understand that it was so arranged that after I had seen the flower of manhood and womanhood of Ver- mont, I should be given an exhibition of the next grade of intelli- gence and worth in the State — 3^our good horses. I had recently through the intervention of my Secretary of War (Hon. Redfleld Proctor), the privilege of coming into the possession of a pair of Ver- mont horses. They are all I could wish for, and, as I said the other day at the little village from which they came, they are of good Morgan stock, of which some one has said that their great characteristic is that they enter into consultation with the driver whenever there is any difficulty." Horses 47 W. H. H. Murray, who has written so charmingly of out-of-door life, has said: "The reproducing capacity of this horse (Justin Mor- gan) considering the treatment he received, was simply marvelous. Unappreciated and abused half his life, it was the merest accident that his value as a stock horse was discovered at all; and even then he was bred indiscriminately to mares, unassisted by the least intelli- gence in the matter. Still, in spite of all obstacles which neglect and ignorance imposed, the reproductive faculty was so superlatively strong that he founded a family true to the original type and more able to protect itself from infringement of foreign blood than any family of horses, perhaps, that the world has seen.' When the racing craze arose in this country the breeding of Morgans was neglected and for a long period little attention was paid to this distinguished Vermont family. A few years ago, however Senator Proctor, of Vermont, long chairman of the Senate Committee on Agriculture, succeeded in interesting the Department of Agri- culture in the revival of the Morgan type. Col. Joseph Battell, of Middlebury, Vt., gave to the United States 435 acres in the neighboring town of Weybridge as a breeding farm. There are now about seventy Morgan horses on this farm, including eight or ten of the finest Morgan stallions to be found, headed by the famous sire, General Gates. G. H. Rommell chief of the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, says: "If we can get the Morgan back we will have reproduced a breed of horses that is without exception the best that the United States has ever seen — it is possibly one of the grej^test breeds of horses that the world has ever seen. The Morgan horse, bred true to type, had qualities that made him valuable on the farm or as a carriage horse, and that made him salable,* **If we can produce a Morgan horse that will be profitable on Vermont farms, to Vermont farmers, we will by so doing bring to Vermont what has b-rought to the state more fame than any other one thing — her great men alone excepted." In order to give the farmers of Vermont a larger opportunity to breed from Morgan stallions than they would have if only the Morgan breeding farm at Weybridge were accessible, the government has directed that good Morgan stallions be located at Northfield, Plainfield, West Fairlee, and Hartland Four Corners, in Vermont- Farmers must furnish sound mares of a square trotting gait and if they will give the Government an option on the colt at $150 when three years old the service of the stallion is free. If the government does not wish to take the colt no charge will be made for the service. If the farmer thinks the colt is worth more than $150 tnen he must pay a service fee of $25 for mature stallions and a smaller fee for younger horses. This affords an excellent opportunity to raise good horses at a prof- it. The problem of securing remounts for the United States Cavalry regiments is a difficult one, and a good market is assured. ]\Ir. Rommell, already quoted, has said that the Vermont and Maine cav- 48 Vermont Farms airy were by far the best mounted of any in the Union Army dur- ing the Civil War, and these regiments were mounted as a rule on Morgan horses. The Morgan Horse Club is an active organization which meets annuallv at the time the Vermont State Fair is held and some notable exhibits of Morgan horses — the best to be seen in the country — are shown on these occasions. Last year there were 188 entries. The breeding of Morgan horses is one of Vermont's opportunities. The reputation of these horses is already established, there is a good market for them, and with the aid afforded by the United States government this is an opportune time to enter upon such breeding. The raising of other breeds of horses will be found profitable in Vermont — large draft horses, for example. It is estimated by a com- petent authority that Vermont farmers are sending $500,000 yearly out of the state for the purchase of Western draft horses. It ought to be profitable to raise such horses here, not only to supply the home market, but the markets of other States. SHEEP For nearly a century Vermont has been famous for high grade Merino sheep. To the states of the West and South, to Argentina, to Australia and to South Africa, have gone Vermont sheep to improve the quality of the breeds in those states and countries. An agricultural bulletin on sheep raising prepared by Kenneth A. Atwood, says : ' ' Few states are better adapted to this industry than is Vermont. Her soil, climate, topography, nataral grasses, and the skill attained by her breeders, have produced Merinos never sur- passed and seldom equaled by those of any other state or country." It is known that IMerino sheep were brought into Vermont previ- ous to 1808. A Mr. Stoddard of Rupert, owned a flock of Merinos before that date. In 1808 Colonel Humphrey placed two valuable imported rams on a farm in Hartland. Hon. William Jarvis, who had been United States Consul at Lisbon, Portugal and charge d' affaires, imported a flock of 400 Spanish Merinos, bringing them to Claremont, N. H., and in 1811 he trans- ferred them to a farm he had purchased at Weathersfield, Vt., in that fertile region of the Connecticut valley known as ''Weather- field Bow." At different times he is said to have imported as many as 3500 IMerinos. Spain was obliged to sell her world famous flocks of sheep which she had been improving for a thousand years in order to pay the cost of war, and Mr. Jarvis took advantage of the opportunity. Other smaller flocks were imported to Addison county towns. Some of the Atwood Merinos, bred by Stephen Atwood of Connecticut, were brought into Vermont. Edwin Hammond of Middlebury, breeding from Atwood Merino stock, made notable improvements in the breed, including great gains in the length and Prices and Prizes 49 fineness of the wool. It has been said ''that he converted the thin, light-boned, imperfectly covered sheep into models of compactness, covered with valuable wool." Prices and Prizes Nowhere else did the Merinos attain such a degree of excellence as in Vermont. An indication of the standing of the Vermont Merinos is furnished by records of prices and prizes received. The two original Humphrey rams were valued at $1000 and $950, respectively. In 1833 A. L. Brigham paid $232 per head for a flock of 261 fSpanish Merinos. California, a ram bred by Mr. Hammond, sold for $10,000. Gold Drop, from the same flock, was valued at $25,000 and offers of $10,000 were refused. The ram Comet at three years old had brought his owner $3,000 in service fees, while another ram at his death was reported as having earned $20,000 for his owner. Twelve sheep, taken by George Campbell of "Westminister to the exposition at Hamburg, Germany, sold for $5,000. For many years Australian breeders paid $500 and upward per head for Vermont sheep. In 1862-63 prices for rams ranged from $100 to $2,000. Twelve Vermont Merinos, bred by Mr Campbell, took two first prizes and one second prize at the International Exposition at Ham- burg. At the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876 Vermont took five first and four second prizes out of a total thirteen firsts and fifteen seconds. The sweepstakes for the best ram of any age was w^on by Bismarck, owned by H. C. Burwell of Bridport. The $100 prize for the best flock went to Joseph Stickney of Shoreham. Bismarck produced in one j^ear a fleece weighing 35 lbs. 9% oz. A Promfret ram yielded 37% lbs. What is said to have been the heaviest fleece ever secured at a Vermont sheep shearing contest, weighed 44 lbs. 3 oz. The proportion of the wool clipped to the total weight of the sheep was increased from 6 per cent in 1812 to an average of 22 per cent in 1880, and in some cases the average has been as high as 36 per cent. Nearly 7,000 Merinos were shipped from Middlebury during a period of four years, exclusive of large numbers sent in small lots by express. One w^ho has studied the conditions in Vermont says : ' ' The increasing popularity of lamb and mutton as meats spell success for the Vermont breeders of the mutton type. The nearness to market and high quality of the product should enable Vermont to compete sucessfully with range fed mutton, even though the gain in w^eight is secured more economicall3^ Choice breeding animals of the mut- ton type are also good property. ]\Iany breeders are now success- fully catering to this demand and there is plenty of room for more to engage in this pursuit. ****'*]\rany well clad but rugged pastures are so located as to be ill fltted for dairying while they will support sheep to good advantage." 50 Vermont Farms At the annual meeting of the Vermont Dairymen's Association, held in Burlington January 5 and 6, 1910, C. C. Jones of Bennington, manager of the Fillmore Farms, who lost his life later on the ill fated steamship Titanic, had this to say concerning opportunities for sheep raising in Vermont: "Vermont was the state in all the United States at one time in which to find wool sheep. When I was in Texas we came all the way to Vermont to buy our stud stock, and we got good ones. Why? because they were raised in Vermont. We have in this state the facilities for producing the best stud sheep that the world knows.***** ''There is a grade of sheep that we can handle here more profit- ably than in any other section of the United States, and that is the so-called 'hot house lamb' which is not a hot house lamb at all. It is a fall lamb and there in no place in the country where that lamb can be produced cheaper or any better than right here in Vermont. In New York city the demand every year is beyond the supply and the man who cannot raise a lamb in from nine to twelve weeks and sell him profitably for $10 has something wrong with him. The trouble is not with the sheep. I commenced to ship to New York markets last year the 21st of December and continued until the 10th of February. The least that I got for a lamb was $10.20 net. These lambs were not sold to private customers, but were sold to a com- mission man through open market, just wiiere any one of you could sell them, and they were raised just as any one of you could raise them. " The Fillmore Farms comprise about 4000 acres, mostly in Ben- nington, and a specialty is the raising of Horned Dorset sheep. It is a well known fact that sheep are beneficial to worn out pastures, and it is stated that sheep will eat 90 per cent of all trouble- some weeds. Certainly Vermont offers good opportunities for prof- itable sheep raising. SWINE The census of 1910 showed that at the time the enumeration was taken there were 94,821 swine in Vermont valued at $974,779 or almost a million dollars. An excellent market is offered and a good profit can be made in raising pork products. In only two states did the price exceed that in Vermont. It is possible largely to increase the number of swine raised, particularly if the milk is not shipped away so that none of the dairy product is available for feeding purposes- POULTRY Poultry on Vermont farms numbered a little less than one mil- lion birds in the census of 1910, 938,524, to be exact, having increased from 843,163, reported in 1900. iThe value of Vermont poultry was appraised at $607,787, compared with $421,195, ten years earlier. The eggs produced in 1909, as reported in the census figures, amounted to 7,037,082 dozens, valued at $1,715,221. Poultry 51 M. A. Jull, manager and lecturer for the poultry department of MacDonald College, Quebec, has said: "T]ie system of mixed farm- ing as carried on in the State (Vermont) is ideal for the rearing of poultry.*** Vermont is so well adapted for poultry raising that it should be producing poultry products in large quantities for the markets which are so near. Vermont is splendidly located in respect to markets. Her home markets are good and she also has large markets near at hand. New York city is about 250 miles by railroad from the central portion of the state and if the right classes of goods are produced and shipped to New York the best prices will be received. There are other large markets, all of which are within easy reach of the more important centers of the state. The fact that there are so many large markets near the poultry producers of the state is a very important asset, since eggs and poultry products can be shipped to these markets and sold the following day, while perfectly fresh, and freshness is one of the chief factors controlling the price. ''Vermont is so well adapted for turkey raising that it is sur- prising that so few turkeys are raised. Another surprising feature of the poultry industry of the state, is that there are so few ducks raised. In many places where the markets are right and trans- portation facilities are good, as much, if not more money can be made with ducks as with chickens- ''The poultry industry is more independent of climaie than other branches of agriculture. The climate of the state as a whole is quite favorable. The country is naturally hilly and broken and many of the valleys provide excellent shelter for poultry plants." The demand in the great cities for strictly fresh eggs is so much greater than the supply that a great opportunity is offered. Ver- mont, so near these markets, should be able to supply this demand, in part, at least- This year for the first time the boys and girls of Windsor county, Vermont, are being organized into poultry clubs, under the auspices of the County Y. M. C. A. organization. The first prize in the contest No. 1 will be given to the member hatching the largest number of eggs, and another to the one having the largest number of chicks still living at the end of four months, out of a setting of 15 eggs. The second prize goes to the member having the largest total weight of chickens out of 15 eggs four months after hatching; third to the member writ- ing the best composition on hatching and rearing chickens. There are also special badge awards. On contest No. 2, first prize goes to the member rearing the highest scoring bird shown at an exhibition to be arranged for in the fall ; second, prizes for the best of the various varieties will be offered; third to go to the member with the highest egg record from pullets raised up to January 1 ; fifth, to the member presenting the best article on winter egg production ; sixth, to the member showing largest 52 Vermont Farms profit in proportion to cost of raising the chickens from 15 eggs up to January 1, 1914. Specials badges will also be given in this contest. BEE-KEEPING Vermont leads New England in the number of colonies of bees reported by the census of 1910. H. W. Beecher writes of ''Bee-keeping in Vermont": "Many culturists explain that conditions here are the best in the country. Certainly if proper methods are employed, excellent results may be obtained. Vermont has been fortunate in not being devastated by bee diseases that have been so prevalent in other states." The total average yield of 38 bee-keepers reporting to Mr. Beecher was 37.44 pounds of honey per colony. Mr. Beecher says: ''Con- sidering that this report was received in 1909, when the honey pro- duction was very low, Vermont bee-keepers are to be congratulated on these results, for it is a relatively high average. This simply proves the statement that the conditions here are of the very best for this product." The average yield of honey in Vermont is from 35 to 40 pounds per colony. One bee-keeper reports the average yield of 44.6 pounds of comb honey for a period of 18 years, the price being from 15 to 20 cents per pound. A Fair Haven man reported 160 pounds from a single colony. Addison county produces nearly as much honey as all the other Vermont counties combined. This county alone produced 125,000 pounds of honey in 1910. J. E. Crane of Middlebury is not only the leading bee-keeper of Addison county, but also of Vermont, and perhaps of New England. In 1909 Mr. Crane had 635 colonies and reported a yield of 42,000 pounds of honey in a single season. He ships his product to New England cities, Chicago and London. In 1909 eleven other Addison county bee-keepers each had 100 or more colonies of bees. In addition to the direct profit of bees, they are of great valut? in pollenating crops and are particularly beneficial to apple growers. The state has provided an apiary inspector to aid in keeping bee diseases out of Vermont. FORESTRY In a state like Vermont, which contains large areas of mountain land, forestry products may be considered properly as one of the most important crops. Lumbering is one of the leading Vermont industries, and the opportunities for the successful growing of timber are many. Large ciuantities of timber are required for wood working industries, and these industries may be largely increased, There are few states better adapted than Vermont to profitable forest growing. State forests have been established as follows : Downer State Forest, Sharon, 300 acres; L. R. Jones State Forest, Plain- field, 600 acres; Hapgood State Forest, Peru, 850 acres; Battell State Forestry 53 Forest, Duxbury and Huntington, 1000 acres; Lyndon Sand Forest Plantation, Lyndon, 75 acres; George Aitken State Forest, Mendon, 850 acres; West River State Forest, Townshend, 700 acres. The Hap-, good State Forest is also called Bromley Mountain Park, and Battell State Forest, including the summit of Camels Hump, one of the liigh- est peaks of the Green Mountains, is also called Camels Hump Park. A state forest nursery has been established at Burlington, wliicli sold 530,400 seedlings and transplants in 1912 to be used in various parts of the State. A Summer School of Forestry and Horticulture has been held at the Downer State Forest in Sharon. Fire wardens are appointed and a system of lookouts is maintained to guard against the spread of forest fires. The Legislature of 1912 passed a law relating to the taxation of young timber which is regarded as an encouragement to the plant- ing of forests, Vermont being the third state of the Union to pass legislation of this nature. This law provides that the lands specially classified under this act may include cut-over or other land fully stocked with forest trees not more than 15 years old, except scattered trees, the presence of which does not increase the assessed value of the property ; cut-over or other land incompletely or partially stocked with forest trees not more than 15 years old, when planted with a sufficient number of additional trees to assure a spacing of approximately 6x6 feet over the entire area ; and open land planted with forest trees not less than 1000 to the acre, provided that they are species apj^roved by the State Forester, and provided further that the land is outside the limits of cities and villages. Such lands must be examined and ap- proved by the State Forester to benefit by this tax law. Lands so classified are to be taxed at the local rate on a valuation of the lands alone, valuation to be established by the listers, but in no case to exceed J?3.00 per acre, said valuation to be maintained until 1950,when the land shall be revalued, the valuation to be established for a further period of 50 years. Whenever a commercial cutting is mad 3 a tax of 10 per cent shall be levied on the gross stumpage value of the amount cut. This does not apply to material used and not to be sold. Another law was passed at the last session of the Legislature ap- plying to forest growth over fifteen years of age, which supplements the law first mentioned. Such growth ma}^ be specially classified under this law and when so classified it shall be taxed according to the last preced- ing quadrennial appraisal and no raise shall be made until 1950, when it may be revalued. This law does not take effect until January 1, 1915, allowing a quadrennial appraisal to intervene. An additional tax of 1-10 of 1 per cent per annum for the period the land has been classified is levied on the gross stumpage value of timber cut. If land has been classified 20 years, and 100,000 feet of lumber has been cut worth $6. stumpage the additional tax would be $12. 54 Vermont Farms It is evident that under wiser forestry regulations Vermont forests may become a much greater source of permanent revenue than here- tofore. Several years ago the International Paper Company established a nursery at Randolph for raising seedlings to be planted on their lands in Vermont and New Hampshire. This company estimates that it owns about 10,000 acres of open land available for planting and that about 100 acres a year will be cut and require planting. It intends to plant this open land during the next ten years, thus plant- ing about 1100 acres per year and requiring about 1,320,000 trees annually. It is worthy of note that this company is cutting in such a way as to have its forest growth reproduced naturally and is having all trees for lumbering marked under the direction of the State For- ester. f The Vermont Sanatorium at Pittsford has been practicing forestry on lands owned by that institution. In Barnet a forest of about 15 acres, only 45 years from growing a crop of oats, is now covered with white pine, the largest 18 inches in diameter, easily worth $500 per acre, all grown on land considered too poor to keep in cultivation. On the Billings estate at Woodstock are pines planted 28 years ago, now two feet in diameter, and Norway spruce worth $3,000 per acre. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION Vermont has entered upon a policy of agricultural education that cannot fail to be of great benefit to the state. In addition to an excellent State Agricultural College and Experiment Station at Bur- lington, a State School of Agriculture has been established at Randolph Center. The last Legislature gave to the Governor and an Educational Commission power to establish another school of like nature in Addison or Rutland counties. An excellent agricultural school has been established in the town of Lyndon by T. N. Vail, one of America's leading business men. The principal of the Vermont State School of Agriculture located at Randolph Center says of the institution : ' ' The Vermont State School of Agriculture was established by an act of the Legislature in 1910, for the purpose of developing the various agricultural interests of our State. It is a school especially equipped and perculiarly fitted to train young men for living in the country- It demonstrates the possibilities of scientific agriculture as a business proposition and as an occupation the peer of all others in importance and comparable to any of them in dignity. In short, farming is clearly shown to be a profession in the highest and broadest sense and as such is worthy of the most faithful service "and keenest study which any man can give to it. The chief aim of the school it to keep more of our strongest young men on Vermont farms. "The courses of the school cover the entire field of agriculture. Agricultural Education 55 Strong general courses are given also in English, physics, chemistry, botany, law, and history. The technical courses include animal hus- bandry, agronomy, dairying, horticulture, poultry culture, bacteriology, blacksmithing, plumbing, carpentry, etc. The most up-to-date texts to be found are used in teaching the various subjects and the theoretical work of each course is reinforced and reduced to practice by a large amount of required work. In fact, the shops and dairy connected with the school are run by student labor, partly as laboratory work and partly as pay work. ''The tuition is free and the living expenses of a student with the advantages for self help which the school offers, are very low. "A high school graduate who has maintained a high standard in scholarship during his high school career, may, upon getting the con- sent of the principal, complete the regular course of the school in one year. For others two years will be required. "No examinations are required for entrance, but no student will be admitted who is not at least in his sixteenth year and who has not completed the work of the common schools. "The school graduates a class of forty-four members this year, practically all of whom are already definitely located for the next year's w^ork. The majority of these men will go back to their home farms for the present. The remainder have engaged to become testers in cow test associations, managers of farms, teachers of agriculture in high schools and farm hands. Of the forty-four men, only one in- tends to locate outside of Vermont and everyone of the forty-four plans to own a farm in Vermont at the earliest possible moment. This proves that the school is doing just what itb establishers wanted it to do and with an additional appropriation of $30,000, made by the last Legislature for new equipment and buildings, its success is assured. "Write Prin. G. L. Green, Randolph Center, Vt., for catalogue." The principal of the Lyndon School of Agriculture says : ' ' The Lyndon School of Agriculture is designed to fit boys for practical farm work. We give them a two-year course, divided into theoretical and practical w^ork. The theoretical work is given forenoons throughout the school year, which extends from September until June. The prac- tical work is given for the same length of time during the afternoons. The boys stay on the school farm throughout the summer months and carry on all the farm operations. "Boys enter this school on two sj^stems. They may enter on the cash system and stay for the nine school months, or tiiey may enter on the work system and receive credit for work, sufficient to defray their expenses. The cost of either system is $200 per year. "The school is well equipped with buildings and tools. Excellent representations of the different breeds of cattle are kept in the school barns. Arrangements have been made witli the neighboring farmers for the use of their herds and flocks for demonstration purposes. 56 Vermont Farms ''The Agricultural School is strictly a farmers' school and it ainis to educate students along the various lines of work that will be met with on the farm and in the home life. It is not intended to fit students for college, but to furnish a line of training that will be of immediate use in farming and its allied industries, like carpentry, blacksmithing, masonry and concrete work, preparing the students not only to do the farm work intelligently, but also to do for themselves practically all the other work in connection with the farm, such as the repairing of buildings from basement to roof and the repairing of wagons and machinery, in a general way making them independent of any outside skilled labor, and also putting them in a position to assist their neigh- bors whenever spare time may permit. "A dairy barn and fifty hotbeds have been constructed by the boys and wagons and sleighs constructed by them have been exhibited at fairs and other public places. The school lias a herd of registered Ayrshires, Jerseys, and Holsteins. The school farm consists of 1,100 acres. The apple orchards of Speedwell Farms, containing 3,000 trees, are under the management of the school." While Middlebury College is not a technical institution, it en- deavors to give a broad cultural education without reference to par- ticular industries. In the various scientific branches, however, there is constant reference to the industries of Vermont, especially agri- culture. The college catalogue shows that instruction is given in subjects bearing directly on agriculture, such as fungi and lichens, bacte{riology, forestry, entomology, agricultural chemistry, surveying and plotting, highway construction, water supply, econondc geology of Vermont anci agricultural geology. The new chemical laboratory will have a room entirely devoted to milk and water analysis. Each winter recently the college has co-operated with the Addison County Agricultural Society in holding a farmers' institute at the United States Government Farm at Weybridge. Several experts from the Department of Agriculture have given most instructive addresses and conducted judging demonstrations. These have been largerly at- tended b}^ the farmers of Addison County. A Eural Life Conference was held from July 7tli to July 13th, 1913, in connection with the regular summer session of Middlebury College. The College of Agriculture The State College of Agriculture which is a department of the University of Vermont is located in beautiful Burlington, a city that is popularly denominated the Queen City of Vermont. The build- ings of the college are on high ground on the eastern border of the city and overlook Lake Champlain and the Adirondack mountains on the west and the Green mountains, with Mansfield and Camels Hump The College of Agriculture 57 prominently on the landscape, on the east. The College of Agriculture is housed, in a building called Morrill Hall, named after the great sen- ator, Justin S. Morrill, which was the first real gift of the State to Agriculture, in honor of the senator who introduced the bill providing the national grant for the establishment of state colleges throughout the country. It is the aim of the Department of Agriculture to impart to its ►students information both theoretical and practical which will enable them successful!}^ to engage in agricultural pursuits, including practical farming, teaching, or research work as may be desired- The main object is to teach agriculture as a pure or an applied science; but not to neglect the practical aspects in every department of agricultural instruction. At the present time the several courses are sub-divided as follows: A course in agriculture and horticulture; a course in ani- mal husbandry; a course in forestry; a course for the training of teachers in agriculture in the secondary schools. Instruction is given in these several subdivisions of the college work by men well prepared in their several lines. In agriculture, instruction is given in agricultural botany, soils and soil management, breeds, stock breeding, sheep, swine poultry, fruit, crops, including forage, fiber and cereal plants, stock feed- ing, dairying, farm management, farm mechanics and equipment. In botany, stress is laid upon the general principles of the subject, the sys- tematical arrangement of plants and the fundamental application of botanical science to economic plants. In zoology, attention is given toward the development of a good understanding of the fundamental principles and various forms of animal life especially of insects. In veterinary science the anatomy of domesticated animals, the physiology, liistology, and diseases of animals are taught. In horticulture, vegetable gardening, fruit growing, landscape gardening, plant breeding and greenhouse management are the leading features of the subject. In forestry, attention is directed to the management of timber lands, forest mensuration, botany of forest trees, nursery management and re- forestation. Instruction in dairying is given, concerning the produc- tion of milk, its chemical composition, physical properties, care and handling of milk, cream, production of milk, butter, cheese, ice cream, cream and milk testing. The College of Agriculture is supported to a very large degree by government funds provided for in the land gram act of 1862. Of late the state has realized a part of its responsibilities and has made small appropriations for scholarships for students in the College of Agriculture and a two-year appropriation for exten- sion service which is to include field and orchard demonstrations, exhib- its at state fairs and elsewhere, farm trains, popular lectures, and general correspondence in all matters of an agricultural nature. The Agricultural College staff contains the names of twelve men in addition to the President. These men devote much but not nearly all of their time to teaching work. Nearly all the members of the 58 Vermont Farms staff of the College of Agriculture are on the staff' of the State Ex- periment Station, and the State Forester has obligations to the State of Vermont outside of his college and station duties. The college of Agriculture is only moderately well equipped for the work which it is designed to do, but with the increased state support it may become one of the best equipped colleges in the eastern United States. Visitors are always welcome at the college. For the most part the buildings are open to interested parties, classes may be visited, buildings inspected and instructors interviewed. The greenhouses, dairies, botanical forestry and horticultural collections, also house- hold economics rooms, are places of interest. The college will soon put into operation an extension service whereby men from the institution will be able to do visitorial work over the state, thus to be of more direct service to the rural public of Vermont. VERMONT AGRICULTURAL EXPERLMENT STATION The Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station is organized under an Act of the General Assembly of 1886 and by subsequent acts of 1887 and 1906 by the federal government. The experiment station was founded with the idea of carrying on scientific research in subjects in agriculture or subjects relative thereto. In the earlier days much work was less scientific and more popular but in later years it has, by nature of government regulations, had to confine itself more strictly to experimental and investigational subjects which have some bearing and direct application to Vermont agriculture. In addi- tion to its scientific studies the station is prepared to analyze food, especially for domestic use, seeds, milk and dairy products which are deemed to be of benefit to the agricultural public of Vermont. The experimental work is of several kinds and characters. The general importance of dairying in Vermont has seemed to justify special attention to research work along the lines relating to crop production, dairying and creamery management. To this end the station has the use of a 200 acre farm, and a dairy in excess of 60 head of cattle with sufficient men to take charge of the several aspects of the work. Extended trials have been conducted concerning the value of different feeds and their effect on the quality and quantity of milk and on the life of the cow. Within recent years particular attention has been given to the development of work in fores- try, especially related to the management of timber lands, the caring of nursery trees and the general management of forest areas. In horticulture, chief attention has been given to the study of the potato and its enemies and ways and means of meeting the various problems arising in the production of this yery important crop in Vermont. The work of the botanical staff" relates to the study of diseases of cultivated plants, the culture of forage plants and the control of injurious weeds. The veterinarian has prosecuted far- reaching studies of the diseases of dairy cows. The analysis of ferti- MiSCELLxVNEOUS 59 lizers, dairy feeds, and the testing of creamery glassware constitutes a part of the numerous duties of the chemist of the station. The station has published bulletins to the number of 166, many of which are of an entirely scientific nature by reason of federal regula- tion, but none the less valuable bulletins which have been sent out to interested parties in the state. The usual size of the edition at present is 15,000 copies and there are at present 9000 names of Vermonters on the mailing list- Publications are not issued regularly but when a piece of work is completed and ready for presentation to the agri- cultural public. Bulletins of the station are free and mailed upon request. The Experiment Station is housed for the most part in Morrill Hall and under the same roof with the College of Agriculture. In- terested parties are welcome to visit the research laboratories, barns, dairy, greenhouses, and other buildings. MISCELLANEOUS Vermont is a healthful state. The air is pure and invigorating, the water supplies are exceptionally good, and the state is remarkably free, owing to its elevation, from unhealthful natural conditions. Deaths from typhoid decreased in Vermont, from 1885 to 1909, 57.7 per cent, compared with the preceding twenty-five year period. Deaths from tubercular diseases decreased 31.6 per cent from 1885 to 1909, compared with the period from 1860 to 1884. Fatal cases of diphtheria are very rare in Vermont. In the matter of education Vermont leads all the states of the Union in the record of school attendance, with 927 children out of every thousand in public or private schools, according to a recent re- port made by the division of education of the Russell Sage Foundation. Vermont's rank among the forty-eight states is twelfth in educational advancement. For each $100 of wealth, Vermont spends forty cents for education, ranking ninth in this respect. It is possible to develop many features not alluded to. For ex- ample, more than $20,000 was paid out in September and October and the first half of November, 1910, for the gathering of wild ferns in the Bennington county towns of Woodford, Stamford, Searsburg, and Readsboro. These ferns are kept in cold storage for the use of florists. Ginseng is cultivated in some parts of Vermont. It is possible for farmers who desire to take summer boarders to make considerable money by so doing and many hill farms may pro- vide sites for summer homes to good advantage. With the vast amount of available water power in the state, it is possible to develop electricity at comparatively small cost. Already some farmers are lighting their houses and barns with electricity and are using electric power to run ensilage cutters and washing machines, operate churns, and for a great variety of purposes. This use of elec- tricity is likely to become more general in sniall communities as well as 60 Vermont Farms in cities and villages, thus adding materially to tlie comforts and con- veniences of rural life. SOME EXAMPLES OF VERMONT FARMING. A few examples of successful Vermont farming are given here- with. They are chosen at random and many others equally as good, and perhaps much better, might be secured. Luke Fisher, of Cabot, now a retired farmer, took his father's farm, underdrained the wet, soggy portions, cultivated the land so success- fully that it produced five times as much as it did when he commenced in 1869, established a fine dairy, and demonstrated what can be done with what looks at the start like an unpromising Vermont farm. W. B. Wheelock of Colchester, after working several years in a creamery, bought a small farm and put on ten cows. In order to bring 1he cattle through the first winter he had to buy $134 worth of hay. He read with care and profit the bulletins of the Vermont Experiment Sta- tion and put in practice so far as possible modern scientific methods. In a few years he was able to winter twent}^ head of cattle and a horse and is now getting into thoroughbred stock. C. J. Barbour, of Bridport, Vt., a rural letter carrier, within the past five years has purchased two farms, one of two hundred acres and the other of three hundred acres. The first he rents and the second he lias stocked with young cattle and manages it himself. The past spring he sold 33 three-year-old steers grown on the farm, for $55 each. He writes as follows: "I would say to the young man who is thirty, tem- perate in all things and willing to work, you need not be afraid to buy a farm right here in Vermont at the present price of real estate, even though you are obliged to mortgage the same for two-thirds of the pur- chase price." A few years ago Dr. T. R. Waugh of St. Albans purchased River- nook Farm in Highgate, containing 400 acres, for which he paid $25,000. He has erected an immense 16-sided barn, 100 feet in diame- ter and in the center of the barn is a silo 19 feet in diameter and 40 feet high. There are 300 acres in one meadow. This meadow is a mile wide and one and one-half miles long, one of the longest jn New Eng- land. It is overflowed every spring by the Missisquoi river. This farm produces 30 bushels of wheat to the acre and in 1910, 29 acres produced 4200 bushels of corn, some of which won prizes at the New England Corn Show. A letter from J. N. Barss, superintendent of the Vermont State Industrial School at Vergennes, describing farming operations at that institution, may be of interest. Mr. Barss says : ' ' Replying to your in- quiry of May 9th I would say that unfortunately for us with our large family and the necessity of garden track, our farm is almost entirely stiff, heavy clay. From personal experience we cannot report as fav- orably as we would like along many lines. We have tried some exper- iments with different kinds of grain, have raised for several different Miscellaneous 61 years from 40 to 42 bushels of wheat per acre, approximately 45 bush- els of oats per acre, 50 bushels of oats and barley per acre, and about 60 bushels of spelts per acre. For three successive years our field corn averaged from 70 to 85 bushels of ears per acre. "We are able to grow hay in almost any quantity. With an ex- perience over a large section of eastern Canada and most of New Eng- land I have seen on several occasions hay crops on this farm beyond anj^thiur I have seen anywhere. The latter part of June, 1912, I was visited by a man with 40 years experience in agriculture, who was just finishing a trip covering a large part of eastern Canada and part of New England. 1 drove him through the fields on this farm and to my surprise he told me had never seen as heavy crops of hay as I had showed him that day. ' ' You must remember that we are not hay growers nor grain grow- ers and that no one feature of agriculture can exclusively occupy our attention, as our business is the reformation of boys. We have gone far enough, however, in our experiments here to convince us that it would be difficult indeed to find a country where the same amount of capital, labor, and intelligence would produce greater results than in this section of Vermont. "The results with our dairy are crippled by the fact that most of the boys who go out from here must go on farms and it is absolutely necessary that they should be milkers, therefore we have to break in many milkers which is a decided detriment to our herd. Even with this handicap our dairy slio\\s a good profit with the money and time invested. "Having spent the earlier part of my life in the far-famed fruit region of the Annapolis valleys of Nova Scotia, and having spent many winters in packing and shipping fruit, my attention is forci- bly called to the possibilities of apple growing in this state. We have heard much of late of the perfect condition for fruit growing on the Hero islands. Undoubtedly the conditions there are ideal, but my observation leads me to believe that there is no better fruit- growing country in America than the foot-hills of our Vermont mountains. I believe that w^here the Champlain valley rises on to higher ground the slopes of the entire length of this valley would prove almost ideal for fruit culture. "I am thoroughly convinced that there are as good agricultural opportunities for the young man in Vermont as anywhere in America today and I believe that for the average young man the openings in agriculture are better than in any other vocation." Mrs. Carrie J. Nelson-Shackford of East Ryegate, was left a widow with a large family. By good management she paid off the mortgage and made a great success of her farm. During the last twenty years she has taken $547.42 in prizes on her butter. Dairy- ing is the principal business of the farm, from 50 to 60 cattle be- 62 Vermont Farms ing kept. High grade Jerseys constitute the herd and last year the price of butter averaged 34 cents per pound. C. F. Smith of Morristown, a former master of the State Grange, has a fine dairy farm containing about 350 acres. His large barns contain room for over a hundred head of cattle and a large Bos- ton hotel has taken his entire output of butter for many years. The house and barns are lighted by electricity and an electric motor runs the cream separator, the milking machines, the ensilage cutter, the churn and the washing machine. In 1885, A. A. Dunklee of Vernon, rented his father's farm of 100 acres and two years later he bought it for $3700 giving a mortgage for the entire amount. When he began farming opera- tions the place supported four cows, twenty sheep and one horse. Today the place supports 90 milch cows and enough young stock to bring the number up to 125, 7 horses and about 60 hogs. Mr. Dunklee specializes in the sale of cream and this averages probably $10,000 a year. The average returns from the herd in recent years have been equal to from 350 to 380 pounds of butter each. There are four large silos on the place. Considerable sweet corn is grown for canning purposes, also cucumbers for a pickle factory. T. G. Bronson of East Hardwick is one of the leading dairy farmers of Vermont. At the Vermont State Fair in 1908 this farm won the special $150 cup offered for the best Jersey cow in the state. In 1909 this farm won another special cup at the Ver- mont State Fair for the best cow shown with two of her progeny and subject to a twenty-four hour butter fat test. The same year this herd won six champions and a total of 34 out of a possible 35 first premiums. Mr. Bronson is keeping five times as much stock and getting more than five times the income than he had when he started in 1887. A few Lamoille county illustrations have been furnished where it was desired that names should not be used. A — B — bought an $8000 farm about twenty years ago and had only a little money he had earned by working several years for the owner. He married a good wife and has raised a large family of children. He has paid for the farm and for several years has had money in the bank. The value of the farm is probably $12,000. H — C — worked by the day until he was forty years old. He bought a $3000 farm on credit and had other debts at the time. The farm stock and tools are now paid for and the property is worth from $4000 to $5000. F — B — bought a $5000 farm and had only a little money to pay toward stock. In ten years he had the place paid for and now mlilks forty cows and has a milking machine and other modern improvements. E — F — has a farm and stock which he has paid for with a little help in a few years. Miscellaneous 63 G — A — has a farm and stock worth nearly $10,000; has money in the bank and is in independent circumstances. He started with $2000 capital. The Ox Bow Farm in Newbury, on the Connecticut river, owned by Richard F. Darling, is called one of the best in the state. It consists of three separate meadows, two home pastures, and one large pasture several miles away on the hill. The Ox Bow meadow- contains 130 acres; the Kimball meadow contains 165 acres, and a third meadow contains 40 acres. The three pastures conjtain, in the aggregate, 290 acres. The meadows are flooded every spring by the Connecticut river. The lower parts of the meadows yield from three to five tons to the acre of stock hay in two cuttings. Silos are used, not only for winter feeding, but to supplement the pastures in the summer. A yield of 50 or 60 bushels of oats to the acre is not unusual. Holstein cattle are kept on the farm. Mr. Darling closes his letter as follows: "Farming on a good farm, while it is hard work, is certainly profitable and as the farm gains fertility, and we get better cattle, just so much more will be our income of health, w^ealth and happiness." The Billings farm at Woodstock is one of the best known farms of the state. Its manager, James D. Aitken, writes as follows : ' ' Last season all our crops were raised from stable manure alone, no com- mercial manures being used. We plow all our land in the fall, turning under a liberal amount of well rotted stable manure. In spring plow again and thoroughly harrow. "Our regular crops are hay, corn, oats and potatoes, and in addition we raise quite a lot of mangles, some turnips and carrots. Last season we had in addition three acres of winter wheat, which averaged 43 bushels per acre. Our corn acreage last year was less than usual, 30 acres, but generally Ave have from forty to fifty acres. From the 30 acres w^e husked 3,201 bushel baskets of sound mill corn. Potatoes, usually about two acres, and from the two acres last fall we had 534 bushels. "Three acres of mangles averaged 32 tons per acre. Oats last year averaged 441/0 bushels per acre. We are great believers in stable manures, so much so that in order to have stock enough to consume our hay and roughage and not to sell the same off the farm, we bought in August, 1911 a carload of yearling beef steers in Chicago. On arrival they were turned to pasture and ran until fall, then yarded and fed the hay and roughage, all they would eat, no grain. In the spring of 1912 they were again pastured until fall, then taken up and fed to fatten, sold in January and February of this year, and we know at a profit. They were fat, handsome two-year-old beef and brought the top price. They made us lots of manure and we were so w^ell pleased with the experiment, that this past August we bought seventy-five head more. These will un- 64 Vermont Farms dergo the same treatment. This followed up will increase our fer- tilizing and perhaps will increase the average yield of crops. "Too much Vermont cash goes out of the state for commercial manures, and too much hay is baled and shipped out. We run a dairy of 20 to 25 cows, but this and the natural increase does not begin to use up the forage crops." The Fillmore Farms at Bennington, are owned by J. C. Colgate, a prominent New York business man. Mr. Colgate spends his sum- mers here, makes frequent visits during the winter and maintains his voting residence here. A specialty is made of Horned Dorset sheep and Jersey cattle. These sheep have been prize winners all over the country for the past dozen years. This farm is run on a business basis, every part of it being carefully systematized and books are kept covering the receipts and expenses of every department. Edward H. Everett was brought up in Bennington, remain- ing there until he grew to manhood, then he went to Newark, Ohio, where he made a fortune in the glass business. Returning two or three years ago he purchased a string of farms extending trojn Town hill in Bennington nearly to North Pownal. On the farms he has purchased he has set out orchards aggregating 42,000 trees at the present time. Of this number 36,000 are apple trees and the remainder pear, cherry, plum and peach. Mr. Everett is in- terested in the apple canning industry in Ohio. If the quality proves what he hopes, he expects to produce high grade table apples. If the quality should not be of the best, probably the apples will be shipped to the canning factory in Ohio. THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION. This book opened with the question, "What inducements can Vermont offer an ambitious, wideawake farmer to settle in the Green Mountain state?" The portion of the book following this question is devoted almost entirely to an attempt to answer it. Whether the question has been answered satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily, whether the showing made for the state is good, bad or indifferent, are mat- ters which must be left to the judgment of the individual reader. A few facts stand out so clearly that they cannot well be challenged. The fertility of the soil of Vermont is indicated by reports of crop yields made by the United States government, cover- ing a period of more than fort}^ years, which show that very few states in the Union equal Vermont in the average yield per acre of staple crops or in the average price received for the same. Ver- mont's proximity to markets requires only a rudimentary knowl- edge of geography to demonstrate. The comparatively low price of Vermont farm lands, coupled with the great agricultural oppor- tunities of the state, certainly furnish inducements that no prospec- tive purchaser of a farm can afford to ignore. There is money to be made and comfort to be enjoyed in farming in Vermont. Agricultural Publications 65 AGRICULTURAL PUBLICATIONS The following lists of free publications bearing relationship to Vermont agricultural operations may be of service to those who contemplate farming operations within her borders. They may be obtained for the asking. Care should be taken to write to the proper place for several lists are cited. The black face statement at the be- ginning of each list will serve to identify them. I. United States Department of Agriculture: Division of Publications, Washington, D. C. II. Vermont Experiment Station, Burlington, Vt. III. Extension Service: College of Agriculture, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. IV. Commissioner of Agriculture, St. Albans, Vt. II. PLANT PRODUCTION. I. Agronoiny. (Including Soils, Fertilizers, Field Crops, and Crop Pests.) Farmers' Bulletins. 1 35. Potato Culture. Pp. 24, figs. 2. 164. Rape as a Forage Crop. Pp. 16, fig. 1. 192. Barnyard Manure. Pp. 32, figs. 4. 224. Canadian Field Peas. Pp. 16, figs. 4. 229. The Production of Good Seed Corn. Pp. 23, figs. 10. ' 245. The Renovation of Worn-out Soils. Pp. 16. 2 5 0. The Prevention of Stinking Smut of Wheat and Loose Smut of Oats. Pp. 16, figs. 7. 253. The Germination of Seed Corn. Pp. 16, figs. 4. 257. Soil Fertility. Pp. 40, figs. 2. 266. Management of Soils to Conserve Moisture. Pp. 30, figs. 7. 289. Beans. Pp. 28, figs. 12. (North.) 313. Harvesting and Storing Corn. Pp. 29, figs. 17. 339. Alfalfa. Pp. 48, figs. 14. 362. Conditions Affecting the Value of Market Hay. Pp. 29, figs. 7. 372. Soy Beans. Pp. 26, figs. 6. 4 6. Soil Conservation. Pp. 15. 410. Potato Culls as a Source of Industrial Alcohol. Pp. 40, figs. 10. 414. Corn Cultivation. Pp. 32, figs. 25. 415. Seed Corn. Pp. 12, figs. 23. 420. Oats: Distribution and Uses. Pp. 24, figs. 4. 421. Control of Blowing Soils. Pp. 23, figs. 10. 424. Oats: Growing the Crop. Pp. 44, figs. 13. 428. Testing Farm Seeds in the Home and in the Rural School. Pp. 4 7, figs. 32. 443. Barley: Growing the Crop. Pp. 48, figs. 17. 455. Red Clover. Pp. 48, figs. 25. 464. The Eradication of Quack Grass. Pp. 11, figs. 6. 485. Sweet Clover. 507. The Smuts of Wheat, Oats, Barley and Corn. 508. Market Hay. 515. Vetches. 518. Winter Barley. 523. Tobacco Curing. Doc. 441. Commercial Fertilizers: Their Uses and Value. Pp. — . 631. Farm Fertilizers. Pp. 8. Bureau of Entomology Circulars. 87. The Colorado Potato Beetle. Pp. 15, figs. 6. QQ Vermont Farms Yearbook Reprints. 456. Cropping System for Stock Farms. Pp. 14. (1907.) 4 88. Some Things that the Grower of Cereals and Forage Crops Should Know About Insects. Pp. 22, pis. 3, figs. 17. (1908.) 494. The Development of Farm Crops Resistant to Disease. Pp. 10, pis. 2. (1908.) 495. Soil Mulches for Checking Evaporation. Pp. 8, figs. 7. (1908.) 507. The Function and Value of Soil Bacteria. Pp. 7, figs. 2. (1909.) 530. Nitrogen-Gathering Plants. Pp. 8, pis. 8. (1910.) 357. Insect enemies of Tobacco in the United States. Pp. 20, pi. 1, figs. 13. (1910.) 1 See also many bulletins in the list under Experiment Station Work,p22. 2. Horticulture. Farmers' Bulletins. 1 61. Asparagus Culture. Pp. 40. tigs. 17. 113. (Rev.) The Apple and How to Grow It. Pp. 32, figs. 10. 154. The Home Fruit Garden: Preparation and Care. Pp. 16, figs. 6. 156. The Home Vineyard with Special Reference to Northern Conditions. Pp. 22, figs. 15. 157. The Propagation of Plants. Pp. 24, figs. 22. 176. Cranberry Culture. Pp. 20, figs. 12. 181. Pruning. Pp. 39, figs. 25. 185. Beautifying the Home Grounds. Pp. 24, figs. 8. 19 5. Annual Flowering Plants. Pp. 48, figs. 55. 198. Strawberries. Pp. 24, figs. 15. 213. Raspberries. Pp. 38, figs. 25. 220. Tomatoes. Pp. 32, figs 13. 231. Spraying for Cucumber and Melon Diseases. Pp. 24, figs. 8. 243. Fungicides and Their Use in Preventing Diseases of Fruits. Pp. 32, figs. 17. 248. The Lawn. Pp. 20, figs. 5. 254. Cucumbers. Pp. 30, figs. 14. 255. The Home Vegetable Garden. Pp. 47, figs. 34. 282. Celery. Pp. 36^ figs. 16. 2 83. Spraying for Apple Diseases and the Codling Moth in the Ozarks. Pp. 42, figs. 7. 284. Insect and Fungus Enemies of the Grape East of the Rocky Moun- tains. Pp. 48, tigs. 35. 354. Onion Culture. Pp. 36, tigs. 20. 407. The Potato as a Truck Crop. Pp. 24. 433. Cabbage. Pp. 23, tigs. 11. 434. The Home Production of Onion Seed and Sets. Pp. 24, figs. 12. 440. Spraying Peaches for the Control of Brown-rot, Scab, and Curculio. Pp. 40. figs 14. 453. Danger of General Spread of the Gipsy and Brown-tail Moths Through Imported Nursery Stock. Pp. 22, tigs. 7. 460. Frames as a Factor in Truck Growing. Pp. 29, figs. 12. 482. The Pear and How to Grow It. 488. Diseases of Cabbage and Related Crops and Their Control. 4 91. The Profitable Management of the small Apple Orchard on the Gen- eral Farm. 492. The More Important Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Fruit and Foliage of the Apple. 494. Lawns and Lawn Soils. 521. Canning Tomatoes at Home and in Club Work, Bureau of Entomology Circulars 42. How to Control the San Jose Scale. Pp. 6. Agricultural Publications 67 121. The Oyster-shell Scale and the Scurfy Scale. Pp. 15, figs. 2. 124. The San Jose Scale and Its Control. Pp. 18, figs. 10. Yearbook Reprints. 47. Small-fruit Culture for Market. Pp. 12, pi, 1. (1895.) 197. How Birds Affect the Orchard. Pp. 14, figs. 5. (1900.) 2 61. The San Jose Scale: Its Native Home and Natural Enemy. Pp. 20, pis. 6, figs. 3. (1902.) 266. Top Working Orchard Trees. Pp. 14, pis. 4, figs. 8. (1902.) 293. The Cultivation and Fertilization of Peach Orchards. Pp. 20, pis. 6, (1902.) I 386. The Principal Insect Enemies of the Peach. Pp. 24, pis. 7, figs. 7. (1905.) 387. The Handling of Fruit for Transportation. Pp. 14, pis. 4. (1905.) 3 88. Meadow Mice in Relation to Agriculture and Horticulture. Pp. 14, pis. 4, fig. 1. (1905.) 433. Lime-sulphur Washes for the San Jose Scale. Pp. 18. (1906.) 480. Information about Spraying for Orchard Insects. Pp. 22, pis. 5. (1908.) 504. Plants Useful to Attract Birds and Protect Fruit. Pp. 11. (1909.) 519. Prevention of Frost Injury to Fruit Crops. Pp. 7, pi. 1, fig. 1. (1909.) , 546. Cooperation in the Marketing and Handling of Fruit. Pp. 20. (1910.) 3. Forestry. Farmers' Bulletins. 99. Three Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. Pp. 30, figs. 11. 173. A Primer of Forestry. Part I: The Forest. Pp. 48, figs. 33. 228. Forest Planting and Farm Management. Pp. 22, figs. 3. 35 8. A Primer of Forestry. Part II: Practical Forestry. Pp. 4 8, figs. 25. (See also Bulletin 27 6 in the list under Experiment Station Work, p.2 3) 468. Forestry in Nature Study. Pp. 43, figs. 13. Forest Service Circulars. 2 5. Forestry and the Lumber Supply. Pp. 14. 61. (Rev.) How to Transplant Forest Trees. Pp. 4. 69. Forest Planting Leafiet. Pp. 4. 140. What Forestry Has Done. Pp. 32. 157. A Primer of Conservation. Pp. 24. t 165. Practical Assistance to Owners of Forest Lands and to Tree Planters. Pp. 7. 166. The Timber Supply of the United States. Pp. 24. figs. 6. 167. The Status of Forestry. Pp. 29. 171. The Forests of the United States: Their Use. Pp. 25. 180. Lumber Saved by using Odd Lengths. Pp. 5. Yearbook Reprints. 112. Trees of the United States Important in Forestry. Pp. 26. (1897.) 2 68. Some of the Principal Insect Enemies of Coniferous Forests in the United States. Pp. 18, pis. 2, figs. 10. (1902.) 270. Practicability of Forest Planting in the United States. Pp. 12, pis. 4. (1902.) 274. Influence of Forestry upon the Lumber Industry. Pp. 3. pis. 3. (1902.) 327. Insect Injuries to Hardwood Forest Trees. Pp. 16, figs. 17. (1908.) 329. The Relation of Forests to Stream Flow. Pp. 10. (1903.) 355. Insect Injuries to Forest Products. Pp. 18, figs. 14. (1904.) 376. How to Grow Young Trees for Forest Planting. Pp. 10, pis. 1, fig. 1. (1905.) 68 ' Vermont Farms 381. Insect Enemies of Forest Reproduction. Pp. 8, figs. 9. (1905.) 434. National Forests and the Lumber Supply. Pp. 6. (1906.) 442. Notable Depredations by Forest Insects. Pp. 16. (1907.) 52 3. Injuries to Forest Trees by Flat-headed Borers. Pp. 6, figs. 12. (1909.) 525. The management of Second-growth Sprout Forests. Pp. 16, pis. 2 (1910.) 534. Progress in Saving Forest Waste. Pp. 16, pis. 3. (1910.) 542. Injuries to Forests and Forest Products by Round-headed Borers. Pp. 20, figs. 12. (1910.) 548. Fire Prevention and Control in the National Forests. Pp. 16, pis. 6. (1910.) 1 Circulars dealing with the more important forest trees may be had by writing the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. III. ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 1. Farm Animals. Farmers' Bulletins. 1 22 (Rev.) The Feeding of Farm Animals. Pp. 4 0. 49. Sheep Feeding. Pp. 24. 71. Essentials in Beef Production. Pp. 24, figs. 17. 96. Raising Sheep for Mutton. Pp. 4 8, figs. 18. 170. Principles of Horse Feeding. Pp. 44. 205 (Rev.) Pig Management. Pp. 40, figs. 22. 206. Milk Fever and Its Treatment. Pp. 16, figs. 2. 346. The Computation of Rations for Farm Animals by the Use of Energy Values. Pp. 32. 350. The Dehorning of Cattle. Pp. 14, figs. 6. 351. The Tuberculin Test of Cattle for Tuberculosis. Pp. 8. 379. Hog Cholera. Pp. 2 3, figs. 3. 438. Hog Houses. Pp. 25, figs. 21. 439. Anthrax with Special Reference to Its Suppression. Pp. 16. Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 23 (3. Rev.) Directions for the Use of Blackleg Vaccine. Pp.8, figs. 3. 31 (3. Rev.) Blackleg: Its Nature, Cause, and Prevention. Pp. 24, fig.l. 63. A Review of Some Experimental Work in Pig Feeding. Pp. 49. 68 (Rev.) Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels of Cattle. Pp. 10. 78. Glanders and Farcy. Pp. 12. 89. The Preparation of Emulsions of Crude Petroleum (for cattle par- asites). Pp. 4. 94. Foot Rot of Sheep. Pp. 20, fig. 1. 102. Stomach Worms in Sheep. Pp. 7. 105. Baby Beef. Pp. 105, pi. 1, figs. 5. 113. Classification of American Carriage Horses. Pp. 4. 137. The Preservation of Our Native Types of Horses. Pp. 59, pi. 1, figs. 19. 141. Foot-and-mouth Disease. Pp. 8. 144. Tuberculosis of Hogs: Its Cause and Suppression. Pp. 32, pis. 4. 157. The Prevention of Losses among Sheep from Stomach Worms. Pp. 10. 163. The Regeneration of the Morgan Horse. Pp. 14, figs. 2. 165. Methods for the Eradication of Gid. Pp. 29, figs. 14. 175. The Control of Bovine Tuberculosis. Pp. 27. 178. Breeding Horses for the United States Army. Pp. 13. Bureau of Plant Industry Circulars. 74. The Sulphur Bleaching of Commercial Oats and Barley. Pp. 13, figs. 4 Agricultural Publiuations 69 Bureau of Entomology Circulars. 15. The Horn Fly. Pp. 13, figs. 6. Yearbook Reprints. 15. Some Practical Suggestions for the Suppression and Prevention of Bovine Tuberculosis. Pp. 14. (1894.) 456. Cropping System for Stock Farms. Pp. 14. (19 07.) 484. Recent Work of the Bureau of Animal Industry Concerning the Cause and Prevention of Hog Cholera. Pp. 12. (1908.) I See also Bulletins 107, 119, 144, 222, 225, 244, 251, 273, 316, 366, 381, and 451 in the list under Experiment Station Work, pp. 22-25. 2. Poultry. Farmers' Bulletins. 11 51 (Rev.) Standard Varieties of Chickens. Pp. 48, figs. 42. 64 (Rev.) Ducks and Geese. Pp. 55, figs. 37. 177 (Rev.) Squab Raising. Pp. 32, figs. 11. 200. Turkeys. Pp. 40, figs. 12. 234. The Guinea Fowl. Pp. 24, figs. 3. 236. Incubation and Incubators. Pp. 32, figs. 11. 287. Poultry Management. Pp. 48, figs. 14. 355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm. Pp. 40, figs. 7. 35 7. Methods of Poultry Management at the Maine Agricultural Experi- ment Station. Pp. 39, figs 10. 445. Marketing Eggs through the Creamery. Pp. 12. Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 12 8. White Diarrhea of iChicks with Notes on Coccidiosis in Birds. Pp. 7. Bureau of Entomology Circular. 92. Mites and Lice on Poultry. Pp. 8, figs 6. Bureau of Chemistry Circular. 61. How to Kill and Bleed Market Poultry. Pp. 15, figs. 5. Yearbook Reprints. 552. The Effect of the Present Method of Handling Eggs on the Industry and the Product. Pp. 20, pi. 1. (1910.) II See also many of the bulletins in the list under Experiment Station Work, p. 22. IV. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY. 1. Dairying. Farmers' Bulletins. 55 (Rev.) The Dairy Herd. Pp. 30. 106. Breeds of Dairy Cattle. Pp. 48, figs. 21. 166. Cheese Making on the Farm. Pp. 16, figs. 3. 2 01. The Cream Separator on Western Farms. Pp. 23. 2 SO. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm. Pp. 16, figs. 3. 33 7. Cropping Systems for New England Dairy Farms. Pp. 24, figs. 2. 355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm. Pp. 40, figs. 7. 413. The Care of Milk and Its Use in the Home. Pp. 20. 445. Marketing Eggs Through the Creamery. Pp. 12. 487. Cheese and Its Economical Uses in the Diet. 490. Bacteria in Milk. Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 118. The Unsuspected but Dangerously Tuberculous Cow. Pp. 19, figs. 7. 126. A Simple Method of Keeping Creamery Records. Pp. 12. 130. Paraffining Butter Tubs. Pp. 6, fig. 1. 142. Some Important Factors in the Production of Sanitary Milk. Pp. 18, figs. 12. 70 Vermont Farms 143. Milk and Its Products as Carriers of Tuberculosis Infection. Pp. 7. 153. The Dissemination of Disease by Dairy Products. Pp. 57, figs. 11. 158. Improved Methods for the Production of Market Milk by Ordinary Dairies. Pp. 12, figs. 11. 161. Whey Butter. Pp. 7. 16 6. The Digestibility of Cheese. Pp. 22. 170. The Extra Cost of Producing Clean Milk. Pp. 12, pis. 4, fig. 1. 175. The Control of Bovine Tuberculosis. Pp. 27. Yearbook Reprints. 94. Utilization of By-products of the Dairy. Pp. 20. (1897.) 260. Dairying at Home and Abroad. Pp. 10, pis. 6. (1902.) 532. The Eradication of Cattle Tuberculosis in the District of Columbia. Pp. 16. (1910.) 536. The Grading of Cream. Pp. 8. (1910.) 3. Miscellaneous. Farmers' Bulletins. 11 36. Cotton Seed and Its Products. Pp. 16. 252. Maple Sugar and Sirup. Pp. 36, figs. 9. (North.) 268. Industrial Alcohol: Sources and Manufacture. Pp. 45, figs. 10. 410. Potato Culls as a source of Industrial Alcohol. Pp. 40, figs. 10. Yearbook Reprints. 534. Progress in Saving Forest Waste. Pp. 16, pis. 3. (1910.) V. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING. 1. Farm Buildings. Farmers' Bulletins. Ill 32 (Rev.) Silos and Silage. Pp. 30, figs. 6. 12 6. Practical Suggestions for Farm Buildings. Pp. 48, figs2 8. 270. Modern Conveniences for the Farm Home. Pp. 4 8, figs. 26. 367. Lightning and Lightning Conductors. Pp. 20, figs 3. 438. Hog Houses. Pp. 29, figs. 21. 47 5. Ice Houses. 4 80. Practical Methods of Disinfecting Stables. Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 131. Designs for Dairy Buildings. Pp. 2 6, figs. 32. 136. How to Build a Stave Silo. Pp. 18, figs. 18. Forest Service Circular. 180. Lumber Saved by Using Odd Lengths. Pp. 5. I See footnote, p. 10. II See also Bulletins 119 and 124 in the list under Experiment Station Work, p. 22. III See also Bulletins 149, 190, 225, 244, and 317 in the list under Ex- periment Station Work, pp. 24, 25. 2. Farm Mechanics. Farmers' Bulletins. 1 150. Clearing New Land. Pp. 24, figs. 7. 179. Horseshoeing. Pp. 30, figs. 18. 23 5. Preparation of Cement Concrete. Pp. 32, figs. 4. 2 6 9. Industrial Alcohol: Uses and Statistics. Pp. 2 9, figs. 10. 277. The Use of Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines. Pp. 40, figs 12. 303. Corn-harvesting Machinery. Pp. 32, figs. 20. 347. The Repair of Farm Equipment. Pp. 32, figs. 23. 387. Preservative Treatment of Farm Timbers. Pp. 19, figs. 5. 403. The Construction of Concrete Fence Posts. Pp. 31, figs. 9. Agricultural Publications 71 474. The Use of Paint on the Farm. Pp. 21, fig. 1. 4 81. Concrete Construction on the Livestock Farm. Forest Service Circulars. 69. Fence-post Trees. Pp. 4. 142. Tests of Vehicle and Implement Woods. Pp. 29. Bureau of Plant Industry Circulars. 44. Minor Articles of Farm Equipment. Pp. 15. Yearbook Reprints. 457. Hygienic Water Supplies for Farms. Pp. 10, pi. 1, figs. 4. (1907.) 518. Comforts and Conveniences in Farmers' Homes. Pp. 11, figs. 6. (1909.) 3. Road Inipi'oveiiient. Farmers' Bulletins. 311. Sand-clay and Burnt-clay Roads. Pp. 19, figs. 5. 321. The Use of the Split-log Drag on Earth Roads. Pp. 14, figs. 5. 338. Macadam Roads. Pp. 39, tigs. 10. 505. Benefit of Improved Roads. Ofiice of Public Roads Circulars. 37. The Railroads and the Wagon Roads. Pp. 4. 89. Progress Reports of Experiments with Dust Preventives. Pp. 2 6. 90. Progress Reports of Experiments in Dust Prevention, Road Preser- vation, and Road Construction. Pp. 23. 91. Sand-clay and Earth Roads in the Middle West. Pp. 31, figs. 6. 92. Progress Reports of Experiments in Dust Prevention and Road Pre- servation. Pp. 32. 296. Use of Mineral Oil in Road Improvement. Pp. 16, pis. 3, figs. 4. 412. Object-lesson Roads. Pp. 10, pis. 4. (1906.) 448. Dust Preventives. Pp. 10, pis. 4. (1907.) 535. Progress and Present Status of the Good Roads Movement. Pp. 12. (1910.) 538. Bituminous Dust Preventives and Road Binders. Pp. 12. (1910.) 1 See also Bulletins 149, 353 and 381 in the list under Experiment Station work, pp. 23, 24. 4. Drainage. Farmers' Bulletins. 187. Drainage of Farm Lands. Pp. 38, tigs. 19. 524. Tile Drainage on the Farm. 5. Irrigation. Farmers' Bulletins. 11 138. Irrigation in Field and Garden. Pp. 40, figs. 18. 15 8. How to Build Small Irrigating Ditches. Pp. 2 8, figs. 9. Yearbook Reprints. 458. The Use of Small Water Supplies for Irrigation. Pp. 16, figs. 6. 495. Soil Mulches for Checking Evaporation. Pp.8, figs. 7. 514. Methods of Applying Water to Crops. Pp. 16, pi. 1, tigs. 10. VI. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS. Farmers' Bulletins. 1 62. Marketing Farm Produce. Pp. 31, figs. 17. 228. Forest Planting and Farm Management. Pp. 22, figs. 3. 229. The Production of Good Seed Corn. Pp. 23, figs. 10. 242. An Example of Model Farming. Pp. 16, figs. 5. 272. A Successful Hog and Seed Corn Farm. Pp. 16, figs. 5. 280. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm. Pp. 16, figs. 3. 72 Vermont Farms 319. Demonstration Work in Cooperation with Southern Farmers. Pp. 22. 825. Small Farms in the Corn Belt. Pp. 29, figs. 3. 337. Cropping Systems for New England Dairy Farms. Pp. 2 4, figs. ^. 355. A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm. Pp. 40, figs. 7. 362. Conditions affecting the Value of Market Hay. Pp. 29, figs. 7, 365. Potato Growing in Northern Sections. Pp. 31, figs. 11. 370. Replanning a Farm for Profit. Pp. 36. 432. How a City Family Managed a Farm. Pp. 2 8, figs. 7^ 437. A System of Tenant Farming and Its Results. Pp. 20. 454. A Successful New York Farm. Pp. 32, figs. 9. 460. Frames as a Factor in Truck Growing. Pp. 29, figs. 12. Bureau of Animal Industry Circulars. 56. Facts Concerning the History, Commerce, and Manufacture of Butter. Pp. 2 4. 103. Records of Dairy Cows: Their Value and Importance in Economic Milk Production. Pp. 3 8, figs. 10. 140. The Egg Trade of the United States. Pp. 34, figs. 2. 178. Breeding Horses for the United States Army. Pp. 13. Bureau of Plant Industry Circulars. 7 5. Agricultural Survey of Four Townships in Southern New Hampshire. Pp. 19, figs. 3. Bureau of Statistics Circulars. 3. The Farmers' Interest in Finance. Pp. 15, figs. 2. 17. Government Crop Reports: Their Value, Scope, and Preparation. Pp. 16. 1 See also Bulletins 114 and 190 in the list under Experiment Station V^ork, pp. 22, 23. Bureau of Entomology Circular. 129. Insects in Their Relation to the Reduction of Future Supplies of Tim- ber, and General Principles of Control. Pp. 10. Office of the Secretary Circular. 25. The Unproductive Farm. Pp. 8. Office of Public Roads Circular. 37. The Railroads and the Wagon Roads. Pp. 4. Yearbook Reprints. 122. Agricultural Production and Prices. Pp. 30. (1897.) 304. The Nation's Farm Surplus. Pp.12. (1903.) 340. Opportunities in Agriculture. Pp. 30, pis. 3. (1904.) 430. Freight Costs and Market Values. Pp.16. (1906.) 443. Does it Pay the Farmer to Protect Birds? Pp. 14, pis. 4. (1907.) 447. The Value of Insect Parasitism to the American Farmer. Pp 20 figs. 24. (1907.) 456. Cropping System for Stock Farms. Pp. 14. (1907.) 474. The Economic Value of Predaceous Birds and Mammals. Pp 8 pis. 3. (1908.) ■ ' 475. The Wastes of the Farm. Pp.20. (1908.) 487. Types of Farming in the United States. Pp. 15. (1908.) 502. Methods and Costs of Marketing. Pp.14. (1909.) 509. Farming as an Occupation for City-bred Men. Pp. 9. (19 09.) 525. The Management of Second Growth Sprout Forests. Pp. 11. (1910.) 528. Supply and Wages of Farm Labor. Pp. 16. (1910.) 533. The Game Market of To-day. Pp. 16, figs. 2. (1910.) 546. Cooperation in the Marketing and Handling of Fruit. Pp.20. (1910.) 552. The Effect of the Present Method of Handling Eggs on the Industry and the Product. Pp. 20, pi. 1. (1910.) I Agricultural Publications 73 553. Agricultural Statistics. Pp. 212. (1910.) (Agricultural statistics of crop and animal products are pub- lished for each year and may be had on application to the Secre- tary of Agriculture.) VII. General and Special Topics. Farmers' Bulletins. 54 (Rev.). Some Common Birds. Pp. 4 8, figs. 22. 59. (Rev. Bee Keeping. Pp. 47, figs. 19. i 86. Thirty Poisonous Plants. Pp. 32, figs. 24. 127 (Rev.). Important Insecticides. Pp. 45, figs. 6. 183. Meat on the Farm: Butchering, 'Curing, and Keeping. Pp. 37, figs. 35. 188. Weeds Used in Medicine. Pp. 45, figs. 31. 194. Alfalfa Seed. Pp. 14, figs. 55. 19 6. Usefulness of the American Toad. Pp. 16. 315. Progress in Legume Inoculation. Pp. 20. 330. Deer Farming in the United States. Pp. 20, figs. 2. 369. How to Destroy Rats. Pp. 20, figs. 5. ^Experiment Station Work. 1 78. Humus in soils — ^Winter protection of peach trees — Sunflowers — Grape juice and Sweet Cider, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 2. 84. Home-mixed fertilizers — Field selection of seed — Potatoes as food — By-product of the dairy — Gape diseases of chickens, etc. Pp. 32. figs. 8. 87. Soil moiscure and fertility — Cultivating v. cropping orchards — Trans- planting trees — Food value of eggs — The toad as the farmers' friend, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 92. Sugar beets on alkali soils — Replanting corn — Improved culture of potatoes — Second-crop seed potatoes — Pasteurization of milk for butter making, etc. Pp. 30. 105. The tillering of grains — Fertilizers for gardens — Cereal breakfast foods — When to cut alfalfa — Spontaneous combustion of hay, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 4. 107. Fertilizer requirements for crops- — ^Cost of raising calves — Feeding tuberculous milk to calves — Killing the germs of tuberculosis in milk — ^Dairy salt, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 3. 114. Influence of salt on soil moisture — Extra early potatoes — Low-grade Paris green — Skim milk in bread making — Profitable and unprofitable cows, etc. Pp. 2 8, figs. 5. 119. Storing apples without ice — Cold storage on the farm — Transplant- ing muskmelons — Effect of cotton-seed meal on the quality of butter — Protection against Texas fever, etc. Pp. 31, figs. 5. 122. Liming grass lands-^Nuts as food — A pure-food law — Sellingeggs by weight — Unfermented grape juice, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 5. 124. Distilled drinking water — Lime as a fertilizer — Weed destruction — Maple sirup and sugar — Type of the dairy cow, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 478. How to Prevent Typhoid Fever. 493. The English Sparrow as a Pest. 503. Comb Honey. 511. Farm Bookkeeping. 513. 5 Common Birds of Farm and Orchard. 516. The Production of Maple Sirup and Sugar. 52 5. Raising Guinea Pigs. 133. Value of stable manure — Alfalfa as a fertilizer — Liming acid soils — Frost-resisting strawberries — Ridding houses of flies, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 14. 144. Maintenance of soil fertility — Rotation of crops — Cattle and poultry foods — An improved cow stall, etc. Pp. 32, flgs. 9. 74 Vermont Farms 149. Culture of potatoes — Shrinkage of farm products — Soils and fertili- zers for strawberries — Shelter for dairy cows — Feed mills and windmills, etc. Pp. 32, tigs. 6. 186. Losses in manure — Protection of peach buds — Dandelions in lawns — Rations for laying hens — Keeping quality of butter, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 9. 190. Cost of eggs in winter — Profitable and unprofitable cows — ^.Methods of milking — Coating cheese with paraffin — Ventilation of stables, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 14. 210. Hen manure — (Varieties and qualities of wheat — Corn breeding — • Injuries to shade trees — Oak leaves as forage — The covered milk pail — Fertilizers for potatoes, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 7. 222. Home mixing of fertilizers — Weight per quart of feeding stuffs — Re- cent horse-feeding tests — Market classes and grades of swine — Silage in place of grain for dairy cows, etc. Pp. 32, fig. 1. 22 5. Incompatibles in fertilizer mixtures — Value of fiint varieties of corn — Buying and judging seed corn — Potato culture — Infiuence of feed on milk — Protecting cows from flies — A successful brood- er house — Prevention of swelling in canned peas, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6, 233. Root systems of plants — Mushroom culture — Noodles — ^Condimental feeds — Beef v. dairy type for beef production — Feeding calves skim milk — -Milk from diseased cows — Cider vinegar, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 5. 237. Lime and clover — Plant-food requirements of fruit trees — Running out of seed wheat — Cereal breakfast foods — Damaged wheat as feed — Bedding for cows — Amateur poultry raising — Care of cream on the farm — Yeast as a disinfectant, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 244. Handling seed corn — Adaptation of seed corn — Effect of root nodules on composition of crops — Cooking quality of potatoes — Methods of feeding poultry — Covered yards for cows, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 251. American sugar-beet seed — Profits from spraying potatoes^ — Durum wheat — Indoor v. outdoor feeding of steers — Cheap dairy ra- tions — Cotton-seed meal for hogs, etc. Pp. 32, fig.l. 259. Use of commercial fertilizers — Spreading lime — ^Soil sterilization — Weights per bushel of seeds — Disease-resistant crops — Alfalfa meal as a feeding stuff — Milk fever — Nail wounds in horses' feet — Use of a cheap canning outfit, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 3. 267. Breeding corn — Buckwheat — Grass mulch for orchards — Hardiness of young fruit trees — Protecting cows from flies, etc. Pp. 32, fig. 1. 273. Loss of nitrogen from soils — Manure as affected by feed — Continu- ous corn culture — Pasturing wheat — Rotting of potatoes in storage — Preserving eggs— Testing individual cows — Cleanli- ness in the dairy, etc. Pp. 32, tigs. 4. 27 6. Improvement in peach growing — Alfalfa in the Eastern States — Im- provement of grass land — ^Succotash as a soiling crop — Digesti- bility of tish and poultry — Honey vinegar — The farm woodlot, etc. Pp. 32, tigs. 2. 29 6. Wells and pure water — Pure seed v. poor seed — Disease-resistant clover — Eradication of wild mustard — Seedless tomatoes — Hay box or tireless cooker — Insect enemies of shade trees, etc. Pp. 32, tigs. 4. 305. Renewal of old orchards — Injury by Bordeaux mixture — Roots for farm animals — ^Cabbage as a stock feed — Cull beans as a feed for hogs — Healthy poultry, etc. Pp. 32. 309. Ice for household uses — Silage from frosted corn — Cooperation in marketing crops — Causes of death of young chicks — Snow for poultry, etc. Pp. 32. Agricultural Publications 75 316. Winterkilling of peach buds — Effect of fertilizers on the color of ap- ples — Potato scab — 'Cooking cereal foods — Supplements to ccrn in hog feeding — Hoppers for poultry, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 4. 317. Improving the convenience and comfort of the farm home — Cement pipe for irrigation — Increasing the productiveness of corn — Catching hook for poultry, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 329. Low-grade v. high-grade fertilizers — Improvement of sandy soils — Dry farming — Seed selection — Evergreens: Uses and culture — Preparation of miscible oils — Cane sugar and beet sugar, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 4 334. Plant breeding on the farm — -Profits from tomato growing — The keeping of apples — Weed seeds in manure and feeding stuffs — Market classes and grades of horses and mules — Extraction of beeswax, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 2. 342. Conservation of soil resources — Potato breeding — Disk-harrowing alfalfa — The Montreal muskmelon — Storage of Hubbard squash — Preserving wild mushrooms— Cooking beans and other veg- etables — A model kitchen, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 3. 353. Commercial clover seed — Growing potatoes under straw — Hens v. incubators — Preparing fowls for market — A cheap and effi- cient sterilizer — A cheap and efficient ice box — The power laundry on the farm, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 14. 360. Distance between corn hills — Street trees — Spraying for weeds — Market classes and grades of sheep — Hulled corn — Mixing fat into dough, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 366. Treatment of muck soils — Corn breeding — Hook-worm disease in cattle — Effect of machine milking on cows — Milk supply of cities — The crow, etc. Pp. 32. 374. Inoculation and lime for alfalfa — Pruning ratundifolia grapes — Native hays of the arid region — Bermuda grass — Short v. long feeding of beef cattle — Feeding work horses — Colony houses for poultry — Flour for baking powder biscuits, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 5. 381. Methods and cost of clearing land — ^Calf feeding — Gasoline heated colony brooders — Measuring acidity in cheese making and but- ter making. Pp. 32, figs. 9. 3 84. Early onions in the Southwest — Oleander poisoning of live stock — Wintering farm work horses — Alfalfa meal as a feeding stuff — Whipped Cream — Farm butter making — Cement and concrete fence posts, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 3. 3 8 8. Incompatibles in fertilizer mixtures — Principles of dry farming — Methods of seeding oats — Rolling v. harrowing winter wheat — Pruning — Bean anthracnose or pod spot — Jelly and jelly mak- ing, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 7. 412. Wart disease of the potato — The typhoid or house fly — The forced molting of fowls — Pasteurization in butter making — Milling and baking tests with durum wheat, etc. Pp. 32, figs. 6. 419. Tillage v. sod mulch in orchards — Ear characters of seed corn — Seed disinfection — Blackleg of the Irish potato — Progress in horse breeding — Sweet potatoes. Pp. 24, figs. 4. 425. Commercial bean growing — Digestion experiments with range for- age crops — Substitutes for oats for horses, etc. Pp. 24, figs 3. 4 30. Unusual v. standard fertilizers — Symptoms of disease in plants — Condimental feeds — Feeding the dairy calf — Defects in cottage cheese — The Iowa silo. Pp. 24. figs. 14. 435. Water required for crops — Burning lime on the farm — Tomatoes for canning — Lime sulphur as a fungicide — Market classes and grades of meat — Lice on poultry — Neufchatel cheese. Pp. 24, figs. 6. 76 Vermont Farms 451. sterilizing tobacco-plant beds — Clover growing — Curing clover hay The velvet bean — Draft horses — Care of mares and foals. Pp. 24, figs. 6. 457. Low-grade fertilizers — Fighting the boll weevil — Hastening maturity of cotton with fertilizers — Early spring lambs — Production of sanitary milk — Lacto: A frozen dairy product. Pp. 24, fig. 1. 465. Cost of available nitrogen; management of marsh soils; weeder harrow for dry farms; V-shaped corn-stalk cutter; storage for root crops; danger in feeding root crops; sanitary care of swine; individuality of the cow; hatching and raising turkeys. 469. Lawns; fertilizing asparagus; turnips for sheep; loss of lambs; cost of market milk; propagation of starters; the plastered silo. 479. Screening cabbage seed beds; Spraying apple orchards; New type of spray nozzle; Preparation of corn for hogs; Experiments in beef production; Preparation of choice hams; Factors af- fecting fat in cream. 486. The feeding of a grand champion steer; The utilization of dairy by-products as food. 499. Top-dressing pastures; Making hay; A fresh-air brooder; Roost- ing closet for poultry; Exhibition contests of dairy products; Blind staggers of horses; Adobe as a building material; White and color washes. 504. Improvement of sandy soils; Utilization of roughage; Alfalfa and corn for lambs; Feeding alfalfa hay to swine; Cooperative herd testing; Cooperative cattle breeding; Losses due to low-grade cream; Disposing of waste dips; Care of farm ma- chinery. 517. Promoting germination of seed; Cotton anthracnose; Asphaltum treatment for peach-tree borer; Raising and finishing beef calves; Open-shed feeding of steers; Four systems of dairy farming; Market eggs; Uses of the sweet potato; Vinegar making from waste grapes; Lighting farm houses. Yearbook Reprints. 329. The Relation of Forests to Stream Flow. Pp. 10. (1903.) 364. Some Benefits the Farmer May Derive from Game Protection. Pp. 12. (1904.) 38 8. Meadow Mice in Relation to Agriculture and Horticulture. Pp. 14, pis. 4, fig. 1. (1905.) 392. Illustration of the Influence of Experiment Station Work on Cul- ture of Field Crops. Pp. 16, fig. 1. (1905.) 443. Does it Pay the Farmer to Protect Birds? Pp. 14, pis. 4. (1907.) 447. The Value of Insect Parasitism to the American Farmer. Pp. 20, figs. 24. (1907.) 457. Hygienic Water Supplies for Farms. Pp. 10, pi. 1, figs. 4. (1907.) 497. A Directory for Farmers. Pp. 25. (Corrected to 1909.) (Agricultural statistics of crop and animal products are also published for each year and may be had on application to the Secretary of Agriculture. ) 1 Experiment Station Work is a subseries of Farmers' Bulletins com- piled from the published reports of the agricultural experiment stations and kindred institutions in this and other countries. In sending for bulletins of this series simply ask for Farmers' Bulletins, giving the serial number of the bulletin without specifying the topics treated in it. II. VERMONT EXPERIMENT STATION, BURLINGTON, VT. Soils and Soil Management. Experiment Station Farm Manures, No. 108; Soil Deterioration and Soil Humus, No. 13 5; Agricultural Publications 77 Soil Physiography, No. 14 3; Soil Classifications and Adaptations, No. 154; Limes and Liming, No. 160; The Peat and Muck Deposits of Vermont, No. 165; Plant Food Combinations for Sundry Crops, Circular 7. Conmiercial Fertilizers. The Experiment Station Bulletin for the Current Year. Alfalfa Growing. Experiment Station. No. 137; 19th Report; 20th Report. Maple Products. Experiment Station. Maple Sugar, No. 26; The Maple Sap Flow, No. 103; The Maple Sap Flow, No. 105 (scientific edition No. 103); Buddy Sap, No. 151; The Microoiganisms of Maple Sap and Their Influence upon Maple Sirup, No. 167 (scientific); Maple Products, 20th Report. Spraying. Experiment Station. Preparation and Use of Sprays, No. 113; Sundry Matters, No. 136; Plant Diseases, Potato Spraying, Nos. 142, 153, 159, 162; 9th Report; Bordeaux Mixture Preparation, 17th Report; Spraying, 2 0th Report. Weeds. The Orange Hawkweed or Paintbrush, No. 56; The Viability of Weed Seeds in Fielding Stuffs, No. 13 8; The Grass and Clover Seed Trade in Vermont, No. 14 6; A Practicable Method of Killing Witchgrass, No. 149; Paintbrush, Shrubby Cinquefoil and Sundry Matters, No. 136; Orange Hawkweed, 9th Report; Killing Weeds with Chemicals, 13th Report, 14th Report; Bird Vetch, 14th Report; Two New Weeds, 14th Report; Killing Weeds in Lawns, 15th Report; Weeds, 16th Report; Shrubby Cinquefoil, 16th Report; Weeds, 20th Report. Insects. Household Pests, No. 43; The Forest Caterpillar, No. 76; Sundry In- sects, No. 136, 9th Report; Apple Tree Borers, 16th Report; Oyster Shell and San Jose Scales, 19th Report; Insects, 2 0th Report. Plant Diseases. Experiment Station. Nos. 142, 148, 153, 157, 159, 162, 168; 9th Report, 13th to 20th Re- ports inclusive. A Besume of 2 Years Work, 20th Report. Seeds. Experiment Station. The Grass and Clover Seed Trade in Vermont in 1907-08; Impurities in Grass and Clover Seeds, 13th Report, 17th Report. Plant Growth. The Role of Anesthetics and Other Agents in Plant Forcing, No. 150, 19th Report; Carnation Growing, No. 163, 2 0th Report; Tomato Grow- ing, 17th Report; Lettuce Growing, 17th Report, 18th Report; Rhubarb Forcing, 17th Report. Fruit Growing. Hybrid Plums, No. 67; Plum Culture, No. 89; Apple Growing in Addison County, No. 90; Winter Injury to Apple Trees, No. 119; Muskmelon Industry, 20th Report, No. 136, No. 169. Sundry Matters, No. 136. 78 Vermont Farms Montreal Market Muskmelon Industry, No. lb 9; Plum Propagation and Pollination, ISth Report; Apple Pollination, 13th Report; Plums, 13th Report; Disease of Greening Apples, 14th Report; Plum Propagation, 14th Report, 15th Report; Hybrid Plums, 14th Report; 15th Report Grand Isle Apple Inventory, 14th Report; Orchard Diseases, 15th Re- port; Bridge Grafting, 17th Report; Winter Injury to Apple Trees, 18th Report; Influence of Stock on Scion, ISth Report; Miscellaneous Fruit Notes, 18th Report; Squash Storage, 20th Report; Fruit Growing 2 0th Report, Forestry. Experiment Station, The Measurement of Saw Logs, No. 102; Planting White Pine in Ver- mont, No. 120; Forest Planting in Vermont, No. 132; Sundry Matters, No. 137; Preliminary Statement Concerning Forestry Problems in Ver- mont, No. 139; The Management of Vermont Forests with Especial Reference to White Pine, No. 156; The Damping Off of Coniferous Seed- lings, No. 157; Hemlock in Vermont, No. 161; Locust Tree Cultivation, 15th Report; Tree Seedling Diseases, 20th Report; Forestry, 20th Report. Animal Husbandry. Experiment Station. Pig Feeding, 19th Report, 20th Report. Stock Feeding. Experiment Station. Sundry Matters, No. 137; The Viability of Weed Seeds in Feeds, No. 138; The Composition and Nature of Commercial Feeding Stuffs, No. 144; Principles and Practice of Stock Feeding, No. 152; Concerning Feed- ing Standards, No. 158; Condimental Feeds, No. 164; Analyses of Feed- ing Stuffs, Nos. 144, 152, 158, 164; A Poisonous Plant — the Common Horse- tail, No. 95; Apple Pomace a Good Feed for Cows, No. 96; Vermont Grasses and Clovers, No. 94; The Effect of Frost on Silage Corn, 19th Report; Stock Feeding in General, 20th Report. Dairy Husbandry. Experiment Station. Tests of Cows at Vermont State Fair, No. 17; Sundry Matters, No. 13 7; Apple Pomace a Good Food for Cows, No. 95; A Poisonous Plant — the Common Horsetail, No. 96; Paying for Separator Cream at Creameries, No. 100; The Testing of Cows, No. 12 8; Principles and Practice of Cream Making, No. 155; Variations in Milk, 9th Report; Herd Records, 9th, 13th, 16th, 17th, 18th Reports; Dairy Feeding (experiments) 9th, 13th to 2 0th Reports inclusive; Food Effects on Butter Quality, 13th Re- port, 14th Report, 15th Report; Testing Babcock Apparatus, 14th Report; Comparison of Feeding Trial Methods, 14th Report, 15th Report; The Change from Barn to Pasture, 15th Report; The Influence of Change of Feed on the Composition of milk, 18th Report; Methods of Milking, 18th Report; Udder Conformation and Milk Production, 18th Report; The Effect of Age on the Yield and Quality of Milk, 19th Report; Dairy Husbandry, 20th Report. Nature Study. Experiment Station. Vermont Grasses and Clover, No. 94; Vermont Shrubs and Woody Vines, No. 145. (It is hoped that a new edition of No. 73, Trees of Vermont, may be issued within a year.) Miscellaneous. Drug Plant Cultivation, 2 0th Report. Addison County Farms 79 VERMONT FARMS AND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES FOR SALE The following list of Vermont farms and residential properties are in accordance with descriptions of the owners sent to this depart- ment. While the department has personal knowledge respecting some of these properties, yet there has been no opportunity to verify the state- ments of the owners of all of the properties, and to prospective pur- chasers who are unfamiliar with farm values, it is respectfully sug- gested that the advice of the state department of agriculture be obtained before purchasing such farms. The address of the Commissioner of Agriculture is Elbert S. Brigham, St. Albans, Yt. ADDISON COUNTY. Bi'idport Farm of 12 8 acres; Pasture, 50; suitable for cultivation, 78. House, 35x45; L,35x25; 12 rooms. Woodshed, wagon barn and horse barn, adjoining L, 60x40; cow barn, 32x85, with tool shed attached, 30x32; barn, 15 x 85, with hennery, 1 open shed, closed sheds for sheep and calves, 1 box stall; hog house, 16 x 16. Buildings in good repair. Good fences. Pasture watered by brook; spring, well and cistern water at house and barns. Will keep 15 cows and 5 horses. A few apple, cherry, plum and pear trees. R. P. D. and telephone. P. C, 2 miles; nearest rail- road station, Crown Point, N. Y., 4 1/^ miles. Price, $4,200. Address Mrs. Alice Myrick or Myrick Brothers, Bridport. Bristol Farm, located in town of Bristol, near main road to Starksboro. 80 acres; pasture, 25; woodland, 30; other acreage, 25; suitable for cultivation, 40. Estimated value of wood and timber, $400. 10 room house, 26x30 feet; with L, 2 0x12 feet; in good repair. Two barns, 26x36, and 18x26 feet, in good repair. Fences in good condition. 135 ton silo. Will keep 6 cows and 2 horses. Well water at the house and brook running through the farm. Orchard of 9 large fruit trees. Greenings and early fruit, also about 20 young trees beginning to bear. Soil sandy loam — some gravel. Fine grain and fruit land. Meadows are nearly all level and smooth. Fine place for poultry and small fruit. Rairoad Station, Bristol, 6 miles distant. Post Office, Starksboro, 2 1/^ miles distant. R. F. D. Price, $1300; cash, $650; balance on interest at 5 per cent. A. H. Palmer, R. F. D. No. 1, Starksboro, Vt. Bristol Attractive home for sale on main street of Bristol between rail- way station and business section; lot 514 rods frontage, 10 rods deep; large two-story house, large veranda on two sides, porte cochere con- structed in part of rock-faced marble, house ten feet between joints, slate roof, large front reception hall with fire-place; hall separated by portieres from front parlor, back parlor, good sized library, dining room, kitchen, pantry and back shed. Oak staircase leads to second floor which contains five sleeping rooms, one of which opens on an upper veranda. Two rooms may be used as a suite with sitting room and 80 Vermont Farms bedroom. The house is heated by a hot air furnace and is lighted by electricity. A good barn, 24 x 30 ft. in size with basement, water and electric lights. Some fruit on lot. Bristol is one of the prettiest of Ver- mont villages, with fine mountain views, in a splendid farming region. Property will be sold for $5000. Address J. W. Page, Burlington, Vt. Cornwall Farm, 300 acres: Pasture, 75; woodland, 40; suitable for cultiva- tion, 300. Estimated value of wood and timber, $500. 10 room house, 28x32 feet; with L, 50x28 feet; in good repair. Barn, with cellar, 40 X 32 feet, in good repair. Fences in good condition. 17 5 ton silo. Will keep 5 cows and 12 horses. Running water. The orchard con- tains 12 5 varieties of fruit trees. The above mentioned barn is a cow barn; the horse barn is 40x28 feet, with cement floor; 10 stalls and two box stalls. Sheep barn, 60x28 feet. 1 tenement house with 8 rooms. All the buildings are slate roofed. This place will keep 50 cows, 12 horses, 6 sheep and will cut 60 tons of hay. Railroad Station, Mid- dlebury, Vt., 5 miles distant. Post Office, Middlebury, Vt. R. F. D. Telephone. Price, 12,500; cash, $4000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address Box 116, Middlebury, R. F. D. No. 2. West Ferrisburg "Elmhurst," W. Ferrisburg, on Lake Champlain. 150 acres; pasture 30; woodland, 20; other acreage, 10; suitable for cultivation, 90. Esti- mated market value of wood and timber, $1500. 12 room house, 30 x 30 feet; with L, 40x22 feet; in good repair. Barn, 70x40 feet in good repair. Fences in fair condition. 2 5 ton silo. Will keep 15 cows and 7 horses Good well water. Good orchard of 2 00 young hardy apple trees, mostly Mcintosh Reds. "Elmhurst" has a large frontage on Lake Champlain and Otter Creek River. Artesian well of 50 gallon capacity, recently drilled. Many cottages nearby, which provide good market for milk, butter, eggs, etc. Excellent boating, fishing and hunting. Fine place for boys' camp, club or hotel. There are other barns, tool house, hen, wood and ice-houses and many tools that go with the farm. Photographs will be sent to parties desiring same. Railroad Station, Vergennes, 7 miles distant. Post Office, Vergennes, R. F. D. No. 3, 7 miles distant; carrier comes to farm. Telephone. Price, $7,000; $3,000 cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Will make special price to right party. Address R. W. McCuen, Vergennes, Vt. West ferrisburg. Farm of 100 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 15; other acreage, 13; suitable for cultivation, 46; loam and heavier soils; estimated market val- ue of wood and timber, $600. House, 26 x 32 ; L, 14 x 16 ; 9 rooms; in good repair. Barn, 30 x 40; in good repair; will keep 15 cows, 3 horses. Water, Otter Creek and two wells. Fences in fair condition. Or- chard, 100 trees, Spy, Mcintosh Red, Wealthy, Scott's Winter, Baldwin. Horse barn, granary, hen house, long tool shed; farm- ing tools. 6 cows, one yearling heifer, 4 hens. Team of black mares. Harness, etc. Lumber for silo, other lumber included. Situated on Basin Harbor road, 3 miles from the city of Vergennes. Maple shade and nice surroundings. Borders Otter Creek. Steamboats pass. Level land. Farm is called one of best in town. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $4,000. Ad- dress J. A. Kingsland, R. F. D. No. 3, Vergennes, Vt. Granville 35 acre farm in Granville, pleasantly situated on the main road from Granville Corners to Hancock. Woodland, 25; other acreage, 10; suitable for cultivation, 10. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2 00. Addison County Farms 81 A large two-story, 1 room house in good repair, with rooms suitable for keeping roomers. Barn, 30 x40 feet; in good repair. Fences are in good condition. 10 ton silo. Railroad station, Rochester or Braintree, 7 miles distant. Post office, Granville, Vt., 1 mile distant. R. F. D., telephone, star line. Price, $1,500. One-half cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. H. C. Hubbard, Granville, Vt. Granville Good farm, one mile from school, church and store. 117 acres; pas- ture, 45; woodland, 25; other acreage, 47; suitable for cultivation, 35. Es- timated market value of wood and timber, $200. 7 room house, 20 x 30 feet; with L, 20 x 40 feet. Barn, 30 x 56 feet in fair repair. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Water in house and barn. Orchard consists of 150 grafted apple trees, 2 pear and 4 plum trees. Railroad station, Rochester, 8 miles. R. F. D. Telephone. Price $700; cash, $500; balance on interest at 5 per cent. A. F. Kennedy, Granville, Vt. Leicester Good farm in Leicester, Vt. 60 acres; pasture, 9; woodland, 5; suita- able for cultivation, all but woodland. 9 room house, 28x30 feet; with L, 20x20 feet, in good repair. Fences, in fair condition. Will keep 5 cows. Plenty of water. Apple orchard. Barn, 5 x 3 feet, with shed attached 20x50 feet. Horse barn, 40x22; wagon shed, wood shed and ice-house. Lime quarry on farm. This is a hay farm and will cut about 7 5 to 80 tons of hay. Railroad station, Leicester Junction, less than Vi mile distant. R. F. D, Price on application. Fred Mclntyre, Leicester, Vt. East Middlebury 18 room house for sale or to rent, furnished. 1 acre of land, nice lawn; cement walks; piazzas; mountain running water. All modern im- provements. Barn; garden; ice house filled. Mail twice daily. Good roads for automobile or team. 4 miles to Lake Dunmore or Bread Loaf Inn. Apple orchard. Railroad Station, Middlebury, Vt. R. F. D. Matil- da Baker, East Middlebury, Vt. Moukton Farm of 2 00 acres; pasture, 75; woodland, 75; suitable for cultiva- tion, 50. Estimated value of wood and timber, $2000. 8 room house, 30x40, in fair repair. Barn, 48x74, in good repair. Fences in fair condition. Horse barn, 28x44; besides a granary, hen house, milk house and hog pen. The farm will keep 2 cows and two or three horses. Spring, well and cistern water on the premises. Orchard of 100 apple and other fruit trees. Railroad Station, Bristol, Vt., 5 miles distant. R. F. D. Telephone. This farm is located at the four corners of the roads and has one of the best apple orchards in Addison County. The farm is being placed on the market because of the inability of the owner to carry on the same. If the purchaser will pay all cash, some personal property may be secured at the price mentioned. Price, $4000; $1000 cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address: W^illis V. Farr, Agent, Burlington, Vermont. OrAvell "Hope Cottage," Orwell, Vt. 10 acres land; pasture, 6; other acreage, 4; suitable for cultivation, 4, 7 room house, 18 x28 feet, with L, 14 x 24 feet in excellent condition. Barn, 18x20 feet with stable and carriage room attached, all in good repair. Will keep one cow and one horse. Plenty of water. A young sugar orchard. Fruit orchard of 7 5 trees. Near village, good school, church, market and stores. Well equipped for raising poultry. Fine location, good drainage, fine view. An ideal summer home. Railroad Station, Orwell, Vt., 2 miles distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price, $25 00. Clyde L. Munger, Orwell, Vermont. 82 Vermont Farms Starksboro 200 acres; pasture for 25 head; woodland, 75; other acreage, 25; suitable for cultivation, 100. 9 room house, 60x30 feet, with L, 25x20 feet, in fair condition. Horse barn, 75x30 feet in good repair. Fences in good condition. 4 ton silo. Will keep 2 5 cows and 3 horses. Spring water. Small orchard. Cow stable and hay barn, 66 feet long, stable for young cattle and sheep 3 6 feet long. Ice house, 12 x 14. Hen house and pig pens 20x30. Sugar house, 16x30, good arch. 1000 sugar trees. Very well watered. Full view of Lake Champlain and Four Brother islands. One of the most beautiful summer resorts in the Green Mountains. Level farm. Running water at house and barn. Railroad Station, Bristol, 10 miles distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price $4000. cash, $2 000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. F. M. Walston, Starks- boro, Vermont. Vei'geiines Farm of 20 acres; pasture, 5; suitable for cultivation, 15. 9 room house, 36x40 feet, slate roof, in good repair. Barn, 26x36 feet with two cellars, in good repair. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 3 cows and 1 horse. Spring water. Fruit orchard of 8 varieties of apples, 3 of pears, cherry and currants. Railroad station, Vergennes, Vt., 1 1/4 miles distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price, $5000 cash. N. J. Renaud, Agent, Vergennes, Vermont. Vergennes Farm of 100 acres, one-half in Vergennes and one-half in Ferrisburg. Pasture, 45; suitable for cultivation, 10 0. 3 barns, 50x40 each, in good repair. Fences in good condition. 100 ton silo. Will keep 22 cows and 4 horses. City water and natural springs. This is in a word a city farm, highly cultivated, close to market and station. Railroad station, Vergennes, \t., % mile distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price, $10,000 or $9000 cash down. Louis Renaud, Vergennes, Vt. Vergennes One-half acre lot with two houses, horse barn and metal garage. Cot- tage, 24x31; L, 13x1 6, 8 rooms; in good repair. Barn 35 x 37; in good repair. City supply of water. Railroad station, and post-office, Vergennes, Vt., % mile distant. This is a fine location for a summer home, with all the conveniences of the city. In the most attractive part of Vermont, with beautiful drives and good boating, being at the head of navigation on Otter Creek connecting with Lake Champlain. Price, $7,000; cash $2,500; bal- ance on easy terms. Address A. D. Willard, Vergennes, Vt. Walthani 55 acre farm, pasture, 15; woodland, 4; other acreage, 35; suitable for cultivation, 35. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2 00. 14 room house, 27x32 feet, with L, 16x30 feet, in good repair. Barn, 5 X 100 feet. Ftmces in fair repair. Will keep 10 cows and 3 horses. Wells and ponds furnish water. Fruit orchard of 15 pear, 500 plum, 50 cherry and 150 apples trees. Beautiful summer home nicely situated yiewing Lake Champlain, the Adirondack and Green Mountains. 14 mile from the city limits. Railroad station, Vergennes, Vt., 1^4 miles distant. R. F. D. Telephone. Price, $5 000 cash. S. H. Burroughs, Admr., Vergennes, Vermont. BENNINGTON COUNTY. Bennington. Farm of 243 acres; pasture, 50; woodland, 75; other acreage, 118; suitable for cultivation, 100. Estimated market value of wood Bennington County Farms 83 and timber, $2,000. House, 26x36; L, 16x24; 10 rooms in good repair. Fences in good condition. Farm will keep 10 cows, 3 horses. Good running water to house and barns. Orchard of 300 apple, 2 5 plum, 10 cherry trees and 7 5 currant bushes. Railroad station, North Pownal, 3 miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. This farm is located on the southern slope of Mt. Anthony. A pleasant location for a summer home, and on account of its sheltered position is well adapted to poultry raising and fruit growing. 3 miles from the B. & M. R. R., and within 4 hours of Boston or New York. Price $3,000. Address Martin Peckham, 110 Scott St., Bennington, Vt. Dorset. Farm of 130 acres; pasture, 60; woodland, 40; suitable for cultiva- tion, 30. "Ethan Allen House" — built about 1775 — used at present for storing hay. A magnificent spring about two rods from house. Railroad Station, M. D. & G. R. R., 1/2 mile distant. R. F. D. and telephone. This property joins the "Norcross West Marble Quarries". It has large deposits of white and gray marble which crop out in several places, and add much to its value. Price, $5, 000; cash, $2,500; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address W. J. Holley, Dorset Vt. Dorset. Farm of 4 acres. House, 22i/4x32%; L, 20x17%; 8 large rooms, besides pantry, hall and woodshed, all in good lepair. Barn, 40x2 6, newly built. Fences in good condition. 4 ton silo. Supplied with village water. Orchard of 2 pear, 16 apple trees and berry bushes. Railroad station, Rutland R. R., at Manchester, 7 miles distant. Post office, Dorset. R. F. D. and telephone. This is a nice village home on the edge of Dorset vil- lage. School, post office and churches nearby. Club house and golf links, 5 miles distant. About 2 rods front, with row of large maples on fence line. Price, $3,500; cash, $1,500, Balance on interest at 5 per cent. East Dorset. Farm of 800 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 700; suitable for cultiva- tion, 60. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $5,000. House, 24x 30; L, 16 x 20; 7 rooms in fair repair. Barn, 24 x 50, in good re- pair. Fences in good condition. 40 ton silo. Supplied with water from Otter Creek. Orchard of 50 apple, 5 pear and crab apple trees. Railroad Station, E. Dorset, Vt., 1% miles distant. Situated on head waters of Ot- ter Creek. Timber, white and yellow birch, ash, oak and maple. Also a good sugar orchard. Price, $6,000; cash $2,000, Balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address G. F, Griffith, East Dorset, Vt. North Dorset. Farm of 72 acres; pasture, 28; woodland, 20; suitable for cultivation, 24, House, 21 x 27; L, 14 x 22; with milk room and shed chamber. Barn, 33 x 42; in fine repair. Fences in good condition. Wagon shed at- tached to barn, 14 x 2 8, slated. Farm will k»3ep 10 cows and 1 horse. Or- chard of 150 apples, 12 plum, 2 pear and 4 cherry trees. Railroad station. North Dorset, Vt., 4 rods distant. R. F. D. and tele- phone. This farm is on the main line of travel from Bennington to Man- chester to Rutland and Burlington. Is practically a village property, only two minutes' walk from station. Change of business of owner makes it necessary to move from East Dorset. Price, $2,500; cash, $1,500, Bal- ance on interest at 4 per cent. Address Ernest L. Whitney, North Dorset, Vt. North Dorset. Farm of 70 acres; pasture, 20; woodland, 25; suitable for cultiva- tion, 25. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $400. House, 24 34 Vermont Farms X 26; 7 rooms in good repair. Barn, 36 x 44. Fences in fair condition. 25 ton silo. Farm will keep five cows and two horses. Good water supply. Orchard of 30 trees, Baldwin, Wealthy, Greening, Spitzenberg, Northern. 3 hen houses, one is 12 x 36, and the other two are 10 x 12. Currants, plums and berries. Good running stream of water and best spring in the state. Price, $1,000; cash, $600; balance on interest at 5 per cent. North Dorset. Farm of 7 7 acres. Spring water. Railroad station, North Dorset, 5 minutes' walk. R. F. D., telephone. This land is a high, beautifully wooded piece, overlooking Lake Emerald. A good spring. Near a level, cleared plateau. Suitable for fine summer home. Grounds could be laid out and beautified at small cost. Price, $1,800. Address, Esther A. Calahan, Manchester Center, Vt. Manchester. Farm of 8 acres, pasture, 2; suitable for cultivation, 8. House, 26 x 32; L, 18 X 20; 11 rooms all new. Barn, 24 x 48. Fences in good con- aition. Will keep 2 cows and 2 horses. Water in house and barn. Fruit orchard of 15 trees. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $4,500; cash, $1,500; balance on interest at 5 per cent. 50 rods from the house is a 70 acre pasture and sugar orchard; 1,000 trees and 1100 tin buckets. Sugar house, 2 4 x 3 0. Evaporator and storage tanks. Buildings nearly new; beautiful lawn and shade trees. Fine scenery, good market. Vs mile from Equinox House, church, court house and village school. Will sell for $1,500. Address M. J. Covey, Manchester, Vt. Manchester. Farm of 100 acres. Spring water. Railroad station, Manchester, Vt., iy2 miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. Bungalow and camp sites in sizes to suit purchasers. The Battenkill and a mountain stream flow through the property. Very fine views of all the surrounding mountains, including Mts. Equinox and Aeolus. Easily reached over good roads. Farm products can be obtained from property farm house or other farms near. Hunting and fishing. 2 y2 miles from the famous Ekwanok Golf Club and Equinox House. Entire property is very picturesque and con- tains many ideal sites. Address Miss Adeline E. Bock, Manchester Depot, Vt. Manchester Center < Farm of about 100 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 10; other acreage, 5 0. House, 28 x 38; L, 16 x 28; 8 rooms in good repair. 4 barns, 2 8 X 40; 20 X 42; 28 x 36; and 30 x 40; in good repair. Fences in good condition, 5 ton silo. Farm will keep 2 to 2 5 cows and 3 to 4 horses. Water runs from spring to house and yard. Orchard of about 2 different fruits. Railroad station, Manchester Depot, 1 V^ miles. R. F. D. and tele- phone. This farm is on the main road from Manchester to Rutland. The country is thickly settled. The soil is heavy loam and very productive. Fine sugar orchard but small. If sold soon, will take $6,000 for farm and stock of tools. Can arrange to make the payments satisfactory to buyer. Price, $5,000; cash $3,000. Address J. H. Dimond, Manchester, Center, Vt. Peru. Farm of 2 acres; all suitable for cultivation. House, 28 x 36; 8 rooms in good repair. Barn, 30 x 36; in good repair. Fences in fair condition. 2 ton silo. Farm will keep 2 cows and 1 horse. Fine water. Small apple orchard. Railroad station, Manchester, 9 miles distant. R. F.. D. and telephone. Beautiful location, fine view from house. On automo- bile route from New York to White Mountains. Town growing in popu- larity as a summer resort. Real estate doubled in value in a few years. Caledonia County Farms 85 Fine place for a summer home. Price $1,500; cash, $1,000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address W. H. Burroughs, Hillcrest, Peru, Vt. Shaftshiiry Two acres of land, soil very rich. Store, 2 stories, slate roof, 26 x 3 6 feet, with cellar under whole, L, 2.5 x 34 feet; six rooms on second floor, water piped in store and second floor, condition good. House 1 V2 stories, shingled roof, 30x30 feet, with cellar; L, 1.5x20 feet; nine large rooms. Barn, 24x28 feet with wagon shed attached, 13 x 24. Or- chard of 3 3 apple (12 varieties) 7 pear and 2 grapevines. The business has been profitable for thirty years without any poor years. Stock car- ried, about $2500., consisting of general merchandise of staple goods. Sales for past six years have averaged over $2 50 weekly. Nearest competi- tor 5 miles. Station, express office, church and school nearby. New Eng- land telephone and W. U. telegraph. Price for real estate, $3,000 for quick sale. Portion of purchase price may remain on mortgage. Stock will be sold at reasonable prices or closed out. Address F. B. Randall, Shaftsbury, Vermont. Bondvi lie— Town of Winhall 6 acre farm, on main travelled road between two villages, one-half mile to each. Level mowing, no rocks. Good eight room house. Good barn; never failing running water in house and barn yard. Cuts 15 tons of hay. Mowing land in high state of cultivation. Cement stable in barn for cow^s and calves. Well fenced pastures. Beautiful scenery; good road. Creamery 4 1/^ miles distant. Churches, school houses and stores, one-half mile. House is surrounded by maple trees. West river borders the farm on one side. Will keep 6 cows, 2 steers, 2 heifers and two horses. A good w^orking farm or a good summer home. Mail daily. Price, $1,000. Address Elton E. Ladd, Bondville, Vt. Winhall Farm of 300 acres; pasture, 30; woodland, 2 00; suitable for cultiva- tion, 7 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2 000 — wood $5 per cord. 8 room house, 36x26; L, 22x14, in good repair. Barn, 30x2 0', in good repair. Fences in good condition. 2 5 ton silo. Farm will keep 10 cows and one pair of horses. 2 springs furnisli water. Good orchard of 2 00 trees. Railroad station. South Londonderry, 6 miles distant. R. F. D. In fine location. Good roads any time of year. Fine market for butter, cream and milk. Address John Douglas, R. F. D., No. 1, South Londonderry, Vt. Box 4 8. CALEDONIA COUNTY Passumpsic — Town of Barnet Wood lot of 25 acres, estimated to contain over 400,000 feet of timber. Within three miles of station, all down grade. Price, $3,250. Address Al- fred Morse, Passumpsic, Vt. Burke Farm of 12 7 1/^ acres; pasture, llVo, woodland, 20; other acreage, 50. Estimated value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 40x30; 8 rooms in good repair. Barn, 40 x 50; in good repair. Fences in good condi- tion. 100 ton silo. Farm will keep 3 cows and 3 horses. Good water sup- ply. Orchard of 2 5 trees— Duchess, Peach, Winter, Yellow Transparent and native. Railroad station, West Burke, 2 i/^ miles distant. This farm is in a good state of cultivation and is in a good locality. Will sell farm with stock and tools if so desired. Price, $3,000. gg Vermont Farms Burke 2 story building, 25x30 feet, recently clapboarded and shingled, with shed on front side, 15 x 25 feet. Also ice house and cooling room on side of building 18x20 feet together with about 1/2 acre of land and mill privilege. Railroad station. West Burke, 11/2 miles; Post Office Burke, V4. mile. This property has been used for a creamery and I have a creamery outfit that I would like to sell at reasonable price. Price, $500; $100 cash, balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address John Per- rault. Box 7 4, Lyndonville, Vermont. Burke Farm of 82 acres; pasture, about 40; woodland, 22; other acreage, 20; suitable for cultivation, 5 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $7 00 besides sugar trees. 9 room house, 40x25; L, 40x30; in fair condition. Two barns, one 28x38; the other 40x46; in good repair. Fences in good condition. 6 ton silo. Farm will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Water running at house and barn. Orchard of 2 5 apple and 4 plum trees. 6 00 sugar trees, 550 rigged with good buckets and covers. Railroad station. West Burke, 2 miles distant. R. F. D. and telephone. About 4 miles from Willoughby Lake, a very pretty western view. Also 2 acres of tillage land in good condition about 4 miles from farm. Price, $1,800, cash preferred. Address Hiram H. Moulton, West Burke, Vt. Danville Farm of 10 acres, all suitable for cultivation. House, 28x32; L, 16x36; 11 rooms in good repair. Barn, 24x36; in good repair. Fences in good condition. Supplied with village water. Situated in the village and on the main street. An ideal location for summer boarders. All modern improvements. Streets electric lighted. Railroad station, Dan- ville, Vt., % mile distant. Address M. M. Stocker, Danville, Vt. West Danville Farm of 110 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 25; other acreage, 45; suitable for cultivation, 45. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,000. House, 32x28; L, 36x24; 16 rooms in extra good condition. Barn, 65 x 40, in good condition. New fences. Farm will keep 14 cows and a team of horses. Extra nice spring water. Small apple orchard. House has all modern improvements. Always full of summer boarders from $7 to $10 per week. Cottage lots enough to sell to pay for one-half of farm. One of the best money making farms in Caledonia County. Easy to car- ry on. Buildings consist of house and ell all newly shingled. Two story barn, hen house, carriage house, ice house filled. Band stand, boat house and a rowboat landing. Can furnish picture and reading matter of the place and its surroundings, A lovely place for a country home, or a big money making proposition for someone with a little money to get rich. Cause of selling, poor health. Address Lakeside House, West Danville, Vt. Groton 210 acre farm; I/2 mile from railroad station, village graded school, churches and stores; land in high state of cultivation; fine trout brook; one of the best pastures in New England; sugar orchard 7 00 trees; large amount of wood and lumber; fruit for home use. Modern house, 12 rooms. Hot and cold water, bath, furnace heat. Barn, 100x44; basement, en- gine room, silo, 4 tieups, 6 horse stalls, 1 box. Running water in house and barn; electric lights. Poultry house for 600 fowl. R. F. D. and tele- phone. Address F. M. Weld, Groton, Vt. Cat.edoxia County Farms 87 Hai'dwic'k Farm of 150 acres; pasture, 50; woodland, GO; suitable for cultivation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 32 x 40; L, 28 X 50; 9 rooms in good repair. Rarn, 40 x 65; in good repair. Fences in good condition. 100 ton silo. Farm will keep 20 cows and three horses. Running water in house and barn. Small apple orchard. Sugar orchard 200 trees. Hen house^ 120 feet long. Horse barn, basement for hogs and wagon house. 2 5 acres of land in one meadow, the rest smooth and nice to work. Furnace in house. Address E. H. Nelson, Hardwick, Vt. East Hardwick Farm of 3 acres, suitable for cultivation. House, 50 x30; L, 25 x30; rooms 13, in good repair. 2 barns, one 30 x 40 and the other 20 x 20, in good repair. Fences in good condition. 2 ton silo. Farm will keep 1 cow and two horses. Spring running water at barn and house. Small fruit orchard. R. F. D. and telephone. Piazza front of ell; covered driveway at end of house. Shade trees in front. Price $3,700; one-half cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. F, V. Hassam's Place. Lyndon Village property: Two tenement block and store; 40x60; 16 rooms in good repair. Barn, 20 x 30; in good repair with good carriage shed at- tached. Railroad station, Lyndon, i/i mile distant. Telephone. The above described property is in a very desirable village. Electric lights and precinct water in block. Rents readily for $2 5 per month. Price, $12 00; part cash, balance on interest at 6 per cent. Address Willis A. Bradshaw, Concord, Vt. Newark Woodlot of 5 00 acres; 7 miles from railroad station, viz: West Burke. This lot has some of the finest old growth birch in the state. Two million feet of hard and soft wood. Prices given to responsible parties. Address Harris D. Packer, Newark, Vt. Ryegate Farm of 6 acres; pasture, 4; suitable for cultivation, 2. House, 2 5 x 30; 11 rooms in good repair. Barn, 30x20; in good repair. Fences in good condition. Farm will keep 2 cows and 1 horse. Connected with the above is a good country store and the house described is annexed. This is one of the best farming communities in the state. Running water and water main included, which supplies three other houses. Small orchard of 15 apples trees. Railroad station. East Ryegate, 2% miles distant. Price, $2,000 cash. Address W. D. White, Ryegate, Vt. East Ryegate Farm of 90 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 22; suitable for cultivation, 28. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $600. House, 38x80; L, 38x34; 8 rooms in good repair. New barn, 76x44; in good repair. Fences in good condition. 80 ton silo. Farm will keep 18 cows and 2 horses. Spring water. Small apple orchard. Horse barn, 28x30; hen house, 40 x28. R. F. D. and telephone. The best located farm, everything considered, in Caledonia County. Would make an ideal home for a cou- ple desiring a small farm. TTie tillage is perfectly smooth and very easily carried on. Is located on the river road and on the line of the Boston & Maine Railroad. Is only 2 miles from two stations, gristmill, creamery, stores, academy, etc. Has running water to house, horse barn and big barn. Railroad station, Mclndoe Falls, 2 miles distant. Price, $3,00 0; cash, $1,600; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address Linwood F. White- hill, R. F. D., No. 1. East Ryegate, Vt. 88 Vermont Farms St. Johnsbiiry Center % acre land and 7 room cottage house, in good repair, just a few steps from the station. Good well water. Small barn in good repair; will stable two horses or one horse and one cow. Pig pen and wagon shed. Also a garden plot. An exceptionally pleasant place in summer. On the main street between two large towns. Price, $1,600 cash. Address Mrs. Rebecca Harriman, St. Johnsbury Center, Vt. St. Johnsbury Center Village property; 1 ^/^ acres of land suitable for cultivation. 10 room house, 27x33, with piazza, 27x51/^; L, 18x34; also shed, all in good repair. Barn, 27x42, in good repair. 1 ton silo. Spring water both house and barn. Large shade trees on lawn. Good vegetable garden and small fruits. About 8 minutes' walk from graded schools or 5 minutes' ride by steam cars to St. Johnsbury Academy, one of the best preparatory schools in New England. On main automobile drive. For sale to settle an estate. Price, $2,000; one-half cash. Address Mrs. C. W. Farr, St. Johnsbury Center, Vt. Sheffield 150 acre farm; pasture, 85; woodland, 25; suitable for cultivation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800. House, 26x30; L, 24x36; 11 rooms in first class repair. Barn, 44x60; in line repair. Fences in good condition. 60 ton silo. Farm will keep 12 cows and 3 horses. Spring water. Orchard of 60 apple trees — Bethel, Peach and Duchess. Railroad station, 8 1/^ miles distant. One of the finest locations on automobile road leading from St. Johnsbury to Barton. Never failing spring water to house and barn. Sugar orchard of 5 00 trees. Only rea- son for selling is because of poor health of the owner. Price, $3,2 00; cash $1,200; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address J. S. Chesley, Sheffield, Vt. Sheffield Farm of 9 5 acres; pasture, 25; woodland, 45; suitable for cultivation, 25. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800. House, 36 x 30; L, 35 x 25; 12 rooms in first class condition. Barn, 40 x35; in fine repair. Fences in good condition. 4 ton silo. Farm will keep 12 cows and 3 horses. Spring water. Small fruit orchard. House strictly modern. Price $4 000; cash, $1000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. S. A. Jones, M. D., Sheffield, Vt. Sutton Farm of 145 acres; pasture, 50; suitable for cultivation, 4 5. Estimat- ed market value of wood and timber, $1,500. 7 room house with L, 40 x 20, in fair condition. Three barns, 40 x 30, 30 x 20, 40 x 30. Fences in fair condition. 4 ton silo. Will keep 18 cows and 3 horses. Spring water. Fruit orchard — 4 trees. Nice view. Pretty place. Railroad station, Sutton, Vt., 2 miles distant. R. F. D. and telephone next door. Price, $2,000; cash, $900; balance on interest at 6 per cent. Address W. Hamilton, Sutton, Vt. Sutton Farm of 135 acres; pasture, 75; woodland, 30. Estimated value of wood and timber, $1,200. House, 25x25; L, 25x15; 8 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 24x30, 28x30, in good repair. Fences in good condi- tion. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Orchard of 15 trees. Good farm, lies level and free from stones. Good sugar orchard, well equipped. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2,500; cash, $1,300; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Walden Farm of 12 5 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 40; other acreage, 55; Chittenden Cottnty Farms 89 Estimated market value of wood and timber, $7 00. House, 3 x 28; L, 30 X 18; 11 rooms in good repair. Barn, 30 x 3 6; in good condition. Fences in good condition. 2 ton silo. Will keep 15 cows, and 3 horses. Running water in house and barn. Apple orchard. Small sugar orchard. Railroad station, Greensboro, 3 miles distant. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2,000; $1,000 cash; balance on interest at 6 per cent. Address D. W. Stevens, Hardwick, Vt. CHITTENDEN COUNTY Charlotte Three excellent dairy farms, situated in Charlotte, Vt., also village property for sale; prices reasonable. Address Wm. H. Boardman, Char- lotte, Vt. Charlotte Farm of 200 acres; pasture, 95; woodland, 25; other acreage, 80; suitable for cultivation, 14 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800; sugar orchard of 300 trees, and sugar house. Barn, 50x30 feet, also three other barns suitable for keeping stock in and a granary. House, 30x25 feet; L, 45x22 feet, second wing, 60x20 feet; eighteen rooms. House in good repair; barns and fences in good condition. Will keep 2 5 cows and 4 horses; running water in every field. Orchard of 7 5 trees, consisting of Greenings, Northern Spy and Fameuse. Farm situated on road from Hinesburgh to Charlotte; 6 miles from Lake Champlain, and 12 mile from Burlington. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $7000; $2000 cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address E. Hudson Converse, Charlotte, Vt. Colchester Place of 12 acres, all suitable for cultivation, situated in the village of Winooski, Vt. House, 34 x 25 feet; L, 22 x 32 feet; 18 rooms. House has all modern conveniences and is in the best of repair. Barn, 26 x 32 feet, in good repair. Fences in good condition. City water. Orchard of about 5 old trees, and a few young trees, plums, pears, etc. Distance from rail- road station and post office, one-third of a mile. Telephone. There is a house on the place that rents for ten dollars per month. A number of lots can be sold. Price, $10,000; $3,000 to $5,000 cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address, E. Barton Whitney, Winooski, Vt. Colchester Woodlot of 5 50 acres; approximately 50 acres of coppice thickets, about ten years old; 250 acres of 20 year old oak, maple and birch; 2 50 acres of 4 to 6 years old^ composed chiefly of poplar, paper birch, hemlock, white pine and oak. Open patches covered with wild fruits of different kinds. Several acres of grass lands. The lot already frequented by deer, grouse and a few trout in the brooks that flow through the land. Enough adjacent land of similar nature could be purchased to make 1000 acres in a single block. Good building sites on the lot, and ideal ones on adjacent areas, giving unobstructed views of Mt. Mansfield, Camel's Hump and other points of the Green Mountains on the east, of Lake Champlain and the Adirondacks on the west. A portion of the boundary lines of this lot run within a hundred rods of the Winooski River at points which will soon be an artificial lake caused by large dam for development of electric power. The lot is 9 miles from Burlington from which is a 20 minute car service to Essex Junction, which is one mile from the edge of the lot. Can be ap- proached from three stations on the Central Vermont Railway, none of which are over two miles away, the principal one being Essex Junction, which is 6 i/4 hours from Boston and 9 hours from New York City. Price, $5,000. Address C. D. Howe, Morrisville, Vt. 90 Vermont Farms Hiiiitiiigton "The Camel's Hump Fruit Farm" in Huntington. Farm of 290 acres; house 26 x 36 feet, L 20x30 feet; barn 30x90 feet, with cellar; fair re- pair. Will keep 2 5 cows and three horses; never failing water; orchard of 24 trees, Northern Spy, Mcintosh, Snow, Bethel, etc., sugar orchard. This is a very productive, easily tilled farm. Address J. E. Andrews, Essex Junction, Vt. Jericho Farm of 160 acres; pasture 90 acres; woodland, 20 acres; other acreage, 5 acres; suitable for cultivation, 100 acres; estimated market value of wood and timber, $1000; house, 30 x 60; wood shed 15 x 30 feet; twelve rooms; house in good repair; barn 96 x 32 feet; cellar; in good repair; fences in good condition; silo of 12 5 tons capacity. Will keep 30 cows and 4 horses. Running water; orchard consisting of a few apple and plum trees. Telephone and R. F. D. Sugar orchard in which 7 00 buckets are used. V4. of a mile from high school, store, post office and church. Railroad station, Jericho, Vt., 3 miles distant. Price, $8000; cash, $5 000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address E. J. Ransom, Jericho Center, Vermont. Jericho Farm of 154 acres: 102 acres in home farm, 52 acres woodland; 50 acres pasture, the principal part of which is plowable land; 52 acres of cultivated land; estimated market value of wood and timber, $500; house of brick, 22x30 feet; L of wood 43x20 feet; 10 rooms; in good repair; ice house clapboarded and painted; barn 70 x 40 feet; cellar; in good repair; good manure barn; fences in good condition; will keep 14 cows, 2 horses; water at house and barn; 7 good fruit trees; a very pretty house with large porch; nice view of Mt. Mansfield; large lawn; 3 miles to Jericho Center where there is a good graded and high school; railroad station 41/2 miles; post office, church, school and store, 1 mile. R. F. D.; telephone if desired. Price $3,500; one half cash, balance at 6 per cent. Old age only reason for selling. Address P. J. Hurson, Jericho, Vt. Milton No. of acres, 6, all suitable for cultivation. House 20x24 feet; L, 10 X 12 feet; 7 rooms; in good repair; barn 18 x 26 feet; in good repair; fences in good condition; water, well, pump in house; several varieties of small fruit trees; railroad station and post office, Milton, Vt. ; distant 21/4 and 2 miles, respectively; level sandy loam, well suited for rais- ing strawberries and small fruits; good cellar under main part of house; R. F. D.; telephone, if desired. Price, $500; $250 cash, balance at 5 per cent interest. Address, Mrs. Lizzie Weston, Cambridge, Vt. South Burlington Farm of about 90 acres, known as the Doctor Sparhawk farm, 2 1/^ miles from Burlington, just off from the Williston road; comfortable house and barn and large hen house; excellent opportunity for poultry raising and market gardening. Price $50 per acre. Address Charles King, Burlington, Vt., R. F. D., or J. W. Page, Burlington. Vermont. i Underhill Center Hotel with 75 acres of land; pasture, 20 acres; woodland, 35 acres; other acreage, 2 acres; suitable for cultivation, 2 acres; estimated market value of wood and timber, $1000. Hotel has 2 2 rooms; in good repair; barns in fair repair; water; railroad station, Underhill, Vermont, distance, 2 1/^ miles; telephone; delightfully situated for summer guests. Beautiful scenery; elegant mountain drives, trout fishing, nice roads. Price, $4000. Terms, easy. Address Fred H. Prouty, Marshfield, Vt, Essex County Farms 91 Under hi 11 Center Underbill Mill, located on the C. V. tracks near the depot; all grain unloaded from cars to the mill, power shovel and elevator, etc.; equipped with up-to-date machinery; power is 7r> horse power gas producer, costing about $1.25 per day to run; mill has ample storage for corn and oats overhead and storage house 45x30 feet for sack grain annexed to main mill which is 60 x40 — 30 feet posted; heated by furnace installed the past winter; doing business of $40,000 to $50,000 each year. Price $10,000 for mill and all appliances. Address J. E. Foster, Underbill, Vt. Westford Wood lot of 60 acres; located in eastern part of Westford, upon which there is a large amount of hard wood, estimated to be 10 00 cords; lot easy of access. Would be pleased to sell the wood standing. Ad- dress, R. B. Field, Jericho, Vermont. Westford Farm of 2 86 acres; pasture, woodland and suitable for cultivation, about equal; house, 30x42 feet; L, 26x50 feet; 15 rooms; in good repair 3 barns with cellar; good repair; fences in good condition; run- ning water; silo, 150 tons capacity; will keep 5 cows and 6 horses; small orchard; will keep young stock; railroad station, Essex Center, 1 mile distant; R. F. D.; telephone; buildings in center of farm. Price $12,000; $6000 balance on interest at 5 per cent. Westford Farm of 312 acres; pasture 2 60; other acreage 52; suitable for cultivation, 52; house 38x28 feet; 9 rooms. Horse barn 26x24 feet; 1 cow barn 44x33 feet; another, 39x28 feet; wagon house, 20x18 feet. There are now on the place 17 cows, 5 yearlings, 5 calves, 2 horses; orchard of 7 plum trees and several apple trees; also a sugar orchard of about 1000 trees, equipped with sugar utensils; railroad station, Cloverdale, distant 2 ^i miles; telephone. Price $6000; $1,5 00 cash; balance on interest at 6 per cent. Address Hiram Blackmer, Westford, Vermont. Williston Farm of 13 acres, pasture, 3 acres; suitable for cultivation 10 acres; house, 26x31 feet; L, 15x24 feet; no. of rooms, 9; in good repair; barn, 3 X 40; fences in fair condition; will keep 3 cows and 2 horses; water; orchard of 16 apple and 15 plum trees, 2 grape vines; w^ater in cellar in house; well near barn; good hen house 10 x 40 feet; house has a veranda; railroad station. North Williston, distant 2 1/^ miles; post ofRce Williston, 1/^ mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price $1,400. Address C. G. Austin, Williston, Vermont. ESSEX COUNTY Concoid Farm of 410 acres; pasture, 2 85; w^oodland, 12 5; other acreage, 12 5. Estimated value of wood and timber, $4000 to $5000. House, 36x40; L, 24x30; 21 rooms in good repair. Barn, 36x80; in good repair. Fences in good condition. 200 ton silo. Will keep 60 to 100 cows and 4 to 6 horses. Running spring w^ater. Orchard of 5 apple trees. Railroad station, Concord, Vt., 2 miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. Write for price and further particulars. Part cash and part to remain on mortgage at 5 per cent. Address Willis A. Bradshaw, Concord, Vt. FRANKLIN COUNTY South Bakersfield Farm of 110 acres; pasture, 35; woodland, 50; other acreage, 25; 92 Vermont Farms suitable for cultivation, 35; estimated market value of wood and timber, $1200 to $1500. House, 26x30; 8 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 30x40; 24x30; in excellent repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Excellent, never failing, spring water. Good apple orchard. Sugar orchard of 1000 trees, 900 newly equipped. New sugar house. Railroad station, E. Fletcher, 4 miles distant. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $3,2 50; cash, $1,600; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Enosbiirg Falls Farm of 3 acres: pasture, 2; suitable for cultivation, 1. House, 30x36; L, 20x40; 12 rooms in good repair. Railroad station, ^4 mile distant. R. F. D., and telephone. One of the best locations in the village, facing a very pretty little park. Near churches and '^chool. Pi'ice, $3,000; cash, $1000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address Henry W. Allen, Enosburg Falls, Vt. Fairfield 5 acres of land on the shore of Fairfield Pond. 2 cottages, one 20x10; the other 28x15; 4 rooms very good repair. This land is known as Birch Point and is surrounded on three sides by water. Dream Lake, as this pond is called, is two and a half miles long and one mile wide. It is well shaded. Fine water, good fishing, bass, perch, etc. Fine shore for bathing. Private road to this point, % mile. Price, $1000; cash, $2 00; balance on interest at 5 per cent. For further information address N. J. Lachance, Fairfield, Vt. Highgate Farm of 175 acres; pasture, 50; woodland, 25; suitable for culti- vation, 100; estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House 24x36; L, 20x30; 8 rooms in good repair. Barn in good repair. Fences in good condition. 100 ton silo. Will keep 30 cows and 4 horses. Good well and spring water. Small orchard. Farm is on nne highway leading from Highgate to St. Albans — 2 miles south of Highgate — 4 miles east of Swanton village. Situated in the town of Swanton. Rail- road station, Highgate, 2 miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. Price $7000; cash $3000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address C. R. Lyon, Highgate Center, Vt. Highgate Village property. Garden of one-half acre.^ House, 22x26; L, 20 X 20; 7 rooms in good repair. Barn, 26 x 22. Well and cistern water. Small apple orchard. Situated in the center of town. Price, $1,5 00; cash, $1000; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address L. F. Pontbriand, Highgate, Vermont. : Highgate Village property. Plumbing, tin and bicycle shop with residence over shop. i/4 acre garden. House, 33x20; 4 rooms in good condition. Barn and fences in good condition. Well water. Located on the prin- cipal street in town; has a well established trade. PostofRce and railroad station, Highgate, one-sixth mile. Price, $1,400; cash, $900; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Highgate Farm of 206 acres; pasture, 100; woodland, 20; other acreage, 86; suitable for cultivation, 150; Estimated value of wood and timber, $1,500. Brick house, 26x32; L, 20x30; 15 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 25x35; 50x70; also a tenement house in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 30 to 3 5 cows and 4 horses. Spring water in house and barn. Orchard of 45 apple trees. This farm is very pleasantly Grand Isle County Farms 93 located on a main road. Maple shade trees. Fine view. Fertile soil. Easily worked. Railroad station, B. & M., 1/2 mile distant. R. F. D., and telephone. Price, $5,500; cash, $2000; balance at 5 per cent; stock and tools. Address M. A. Regan, Highgate, Vermont. Highj>ate Center Farm of 5 acres, suitable for cultivation. House, 20x30; L, 18x20; 8 rooms in good repair. Barn, 20x24; with cellar in good repair. Fences in good condition. 5 ton silo. Will keep one cow and one horse. Good well water. Pleasantly located between Highgate Cen- ter and Highgate Springs; 1 1/^ miles from Lake Champlain; V2 mile from "Carter Hill"; 21/2 miles from Swanton. Would be suitable for poultry IS. sing. R. F. D. Railroad station, Highgate Center, 2 miles distant. Price, $600 cash. Address C. W. Steele, Highgate Center, Vt. East Highjrate Farm of 110 acres; pasture, 35; woodland, 10; other acreage, 65; suitable for cultivation, 80. Estimated value of wood and timber, $1000, consisting of pine, hemlock, oak and maple. Brick house, 26x30; L, 20x40; 14 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 40x60; 20x30; in good repair; fences in good condition. Granary; hog house and hennery. Silo, 10 X 12 x 2 0. Will keep 18 cows and 3 horses. Spring water in house and barn. Fine location. Would make a fine country home. The farm has a good retail trade in butter, eggs, poultry, fruit and vegetables, meat and fish. R. F. D., and telephone. Price, $3,500; cash $1,500; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address M. A. Regan, East Highgate, Vermont. Sheldon Springs Village property. New 8 room — 2 story building, 24x30. 1 acre of land suitable for cultivation. Barn, 24 x 24, in good repair. Fences, new. Good running water in house. Price, $2,000. Address Wallace B. Whiting, Sheldon Springs, Vt. SAvanton Lake View Farm, 1000 acres; woodland, 125; suitable for cultivation, 875. Estimated value of wood and timber, $5000. Fences in good con- dition. 2 — 2 75 ton silos. Will keep 100 cows and 2 horses. Lake water. Fine orchard of 500 Baldwin; 5 00 R. D. Greenings and 2 00 other apple trees. This is one of the farms with the most tillable acres in New England, with 2 1/^ miles of lake front. 4 farm houses, 16 barns, 2 cow barns, 1 creamery and several other outbuildings, including a fine cottage with auto garage and horse barn. The farm now carries 100 head of cattle, 2 horses and cuts several hundred tons of hay and grain. Railroad sta- tion. Central Vermont, 1 1/^ miles distant. R. F. D., and telephone. Price, $50,000; cash, $20,000; balance on interest at 6 per cent. GRAXD ISLK COUNTY Isle La Motte 2 acre orchard — hotel and quarry property. Pasture, 2 acres, suit- able for cultivation, 3 acres. House, 3 0x40; L, 30x85; 16 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 26x36; 26x72; granary, 16 x 2 0. Will keep 4 cows and 2 horses. Spring and well water. 1,000 apple and 75 pear trees. Income from orchard for 1912, $1,500. House closed during 1913. Situated at lower end of loop between Burlington and Plattsburg, N. Y. On Inter- national auto road to Montreal. Also a quarry of 15 acres which has been extensively worked in heavy work or for crushed stone for road building. R. F. D., and telephone. Price to be agreed upon. One-third cash; bal- ance on easy terms at 5 per cent. Address H. H. Hill, Isle La Motte, Vt. 94 Vermont Farms North Hero Farm of 62 acres, pasture, 52; woodland, 10; balance suitable for summer cottages. The above farm is about half way between Isle La Motte and North Hero. Beautiful site for camps. Situated on the east shore of North Hero and takes in about one-half mile of lake shore. Rail- road station. North Hero or Isle La Motte, 3 miles distant. Price, $3 50 per lot. Address P. J. Farrell, North Hero, Vermont. LAMOILLE COUNTY Cambridge Farm of 4 % acres: house, 25 x 30; 5 rooms, in fair repair. Two barns, 15x20. Fences in good condition. Land is suitable for raising any crop that grows in this climate. Farm is especially adapted for vegetable or poultry raising or for a summer home. Is situate on high level in plain view of Mount Mansfield. 12 apple trees and small fruit. R. R. station and Post Office, Cambridge, 3 miles. R. F. D. Price, $450; $200 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address E. H. Linden. Cambridge Farm of 19 ^/^ acres; woodland, 16; suitable for cultivation, 3. Esti- mated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 40 x 80; 12 rooms, good repair, heated by furnace, bath, hot and cold water. General store combined with house, with stock of $1,000. Barn, 25 x 40; cellar. Two new hen houses with yards and run. New barn. Farm will keep 1 horse. Spring water. R. R. station and P. O., Cambridge, 3 miles R. F. D. and telephone. Near church and school. Price, $3,000. Address L. H. Scott. Eden Farm of 8 acres: pasture, 40; woodland, 6; other acreage, 10; suit- able for cultivation, 2 4. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $400. House, 22x30; L, 16x36; 9 rooms, in good repair. Barns, 30 X 40 and 15 x 28, in fair repair. Good fences. Will keep 10 cows, 3 horses. Good running spring water at house and barn. Good orchard for family use — apples, pears and plums. R. R. station, Johnson, 9 miles. P. O., Eden, % mile. Telephone. Has been owned and occupied by present owner for 33 years. Is situated V2 mile north of Eden village, on main road to Franklin county. Good neighbors. Schoolhouse on farm. Stock and tools will be sold with farm if desired. Price, $1,500; $500 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address A. F. Rogers. Elmore Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 20; woodland, 60; suitable for cultivation, 20. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,500. House, 26 x 36; L, 20x30; 10 rooms, in good Al repair. Barn, 30x58, with cellar, nearly new; hay fork. Fences in fair condition. Will cut 30 to 3 5 tons of hay. Will keep 10 cows, 2 horses. Water piped from spring. 30 apple trees. Railroad station and P. O. at Wolcott, 4 miles. School, saw mill, 1 mile. R. F. D. Price, $3,800; $2,500 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Ad- dress George C. Bryant. Hyde Park 15 5 acres of timber and wood land; every acre easily reached; much soft wood, including spruce; much pulp wood and fine hard wood. Five miles from Morrisville, Vt., on Garfield road. Address L. M. Darling, Can- aan, Vt. Johnson "Elmhurst Farm" of 107 acres: pasture, 67 acres; other acreage, 40. House, 46x26; L, 50x16; 10 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 98x30, with Lamoille County Farms 95 cellar; fair repair. Good fences; silo, 35 ton. Will keep 18 cows, 2 horses. Well and spring water. 2 pear trees, 50 bearing apple trees and moreyoung trees; plums, currants and black cap berries. Good sugar place of 750 trees, equipped. Produces an income of from $150 to $200 a year. R. R. station, Johnson, 2 1/2 miles; P. O., Johnson, 2 miles. R. F. D. and tele- phone. A good, productive farm in good shape; all work can be done with machinery. Situate high and dry with fine view of surrounding valley and hills in the distance. Would make a fine summer residence. Price, in- cluding part of stock on the farm and tools, $4,200; $2,700 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address N. J. Perry. Johnson Farm of 160 acres: pasture, 65; woodland, 30; suitable for cultivation, 70. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800. House, 26x30; L, 20x24; 10 rooms; in good repair. Hot and cold water and bath room. Horse barn, 24x30; good cellar. Barn, 30x40; concrete stable. Running water in stable; buckets between cows. Running water in yard. Concrete silo, round, 16 x30. No. tons capacity, 120. Fences and buildings in good condition. Will keep 30 cows and 3 horses. Never failing spring water. Pasture watered by good trout stream running entire length. Apple orchard of 2 5 trees. 700 maple sugar trees, with modern equipment. Located on State road, 1 mile from Johnson village which has a normal school, graded and high school, 4 churches. R. R. station li/2niiles. R. F. D. Telephone line crosses back yard. Lamoille river runs straight by on south side. Price, $5,000; $2,500 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Johnson Farm of 2 60 acres; pasture, 13 5; woodland, 50; suitable for cultiva- tion, 75. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,000. Pulp and hard wood. House, 24x36; L, 21x24; 7 rooms down stairs, not very good repair. Barn, 40 x 80, cellar; fair repair. Sugar house, shop and wagon shed combined. Will keep 20 cows, 3 horses. Has kept 7 head. Run- ning spring water. Apple orchard of 200 trees, various kinds. Sugar bush of 1,000 trees, equipped; new arch and evaporator. 12 nice, large butter- nut trees near house. Farm tools, mower, new horse rake, plow, harrow, cultivator, farm wagon, double harness, new sleds, cream separator, 11 cows, 2 heifers, 1 bull. School house, 125 rods. 1 ^/^ miles to normal school and high school, railroad station and P. O. R. F. D. Price, $5,500; $2,000 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address D. J. Cummings. Johnson Farm of 112 i/^ acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 12^/^; suitable for culti- vation, 5 0. House, 24x32; L, 24x36; 12 rooms, good repair. Horse barn 22x50; cellar; good repair. Stable, 501/2x551/2. Two silos. No. tons capacity, 12 0. Will keep 20 cows, 3 horses. Good fences. Running water from never failing spring. Farm is well located; meadow land, level and easily worked by machinery. The Lamoille river flows past the meadow. Small sugar place. Excellent graded schools, first class high school, also the Johnson Normal School. Three churches in village. R. R. station, 1 14 miles; P. O., 1 mile. R. F. D. Telephone if desired. Price, $5,800; $4,000 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address Ernest W. Griswold. Dorchester Heights, To\\ti of Morristown Village residence of 15 acres: pasture, 3; woodland, 3; suitable for cultivation, 9. Nearly new 16 room house, in good repair. Barn, 30x40; barn, 24x40; cellar; good repair. Hennery, 12x36; ice house, 10x12. Buildings could not be rebuilt for $12,000. Good fences. Village water. Will keep 3 cows, 2 horses. Young orchard. Situated on a little eminence overlooking the town. One of the finest views in Vermont. A nice place 96 Vermont Farms for summer boarders. Some very fine building lots. Railroad station and P. O., Morrisville, V2 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $10,000; $5,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address C. F. Smith. Morristown "Laporte Dairy Farm" of 250 acres: pasture, 12 0; woodland. 60; suitable for cultivation, 70. Estimated to be 600,000 ft. soft wood; con- siderable hard wood. House, 30x40; L, 50x24; 10 rooms; hot and cold water; bath room; in good repair. Nearly new 8 room boarding house. Barn, 110 x 78, with cellar; in good repair. Can tie 70 cows in one stable, 110 head in all. Fine new hennery, capacity, 1500 fowls. 3 50 ton siio. All modern machinery, electric lights and power^ milking machines. Good fences. Running water. Two acre orchard. Farm cuts about 2 00 tons hay. Will keep 7 cows, 5 horses and young stock. Owner keeps about 100 head of all ages, mostly registered Jerseys. Situate on finest auto road in the State. R. R. station and P. O., Morrisville, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, including personal property, $24,000; one-third cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address C. F. Smith. St owe "Clover Dale Farm" of 235 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 60; suit- able for cultivation, 7 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. Tillage land level. House, 26x40; L, 40x20; 11 rooms; good re- pair. Good tenement for hired man. Barn, 100 x 43, with cellar; good repair. Horse barn, 38 x 36. Fences in fair condition. Silo. No. tons ca- pacity, 10 0. Will keep 4 cows, 4 horses. Water from never-failing spring. Two orchards, grafts and natural fruit. Sugar orchard, 600 trees. R. R. station and P. O., Stowe, 21/2 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Level road to town. Price, including stock, farm, sugar and dairy tools, $8,500; $4,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Stowe "Town Farm" of 150 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 40; other acreage, 50; suitable for cultivation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and tim- ber, $500. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; 10 rooms; good repair. Two barns, 30 x40; good repair. Silo. Buildings would cost more than $5,000 to rebuild today. Good fences. Will keep 12 cows, 2 horses. Water at house, spring. Orchard of 3 trees. Sugar orchard of 7 00 trees, equipped with iron arch, evaporator, sugar-off rig, buckets, spouts, holders, etc. Good sugar house. Corn barn. Mower, rake, harrow, etc. R. R. station and P. O., 41/^ miles. R. F. D. Telephone within V2 mile. Elegant view of Mount Mansfield. School, 1/2 mile. Price, $1,700; $700 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw. Stowe "Adonis Farm" of 150 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 60; other acreage 40; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; No. rooms, 10; good repair. Barn, 50x100; cellar; good repair. Good fences. Silo; No. tons capa- city, 50. Will keep 20 cows, 2 horses. Orchard of 100 trees. Sugar or- chard of 1,000 trees. Good sugar house, tubs, spouts, holders, iron arch, evaporator, sugar-off rig, etc. 15 cows, pair of horses, full line of tools. Grain barn. Land in good condition and easy to till. Good view of Mount Mansfield. R. R. station and P. O., Stowe, 4V2 miles. School i/4 mile. R. F. D. Telephone within one-half mile. Price, $4,000; $1,500 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw, Stowe "€ole Farm" of 100 acres: pasture, 30; woodland, 30; other acreage, Lamoille County Farms 97 40; suitable for cultivation, 2 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $300. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; 10 rooms; fair repair. Barn, 30x40; an extra barn in good shape. Fences in fair condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 40. Will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Spring water at house. Orchard of 100 trees, good fruit. A good grass farm, near steam mill. Lots of work and chance to cut wood. R. R. station and P. O., Stowe, 6 miles. R. F. D. Price, $1,200; $600 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Ad- dress H. E. Shaw. Stowe "Harris Farm" of 100 acres: pasture, 25; woodland, 50; other acreage, 25; suitable for cultivation, 2 5. Land easy to till; good for corn or po- tatoes. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $700. Near a saw mill; lots of lumbering. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; 10 rooms; fair repair. Barn, 30x40. Fences in fair condition. Will keep b' cows, 2 norses. Spring water at house. Orchard of 5 trees. R. R. station and P.O., Stowe, 6 miles. R. F. D. Telephone within % mile. Price, $1,200; $600 cash; bal- ance at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw. Stowe "Jelley Farm" of 2 acres: pasture, 5; woodland, 5; other acreage, 10; suitable for cultivation, 10. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100. Near steam saw mill, and work the year around. House, 20x30; L, 15x20; 9 rooms; fair repair. Barn, 24x30, with cellar; fair repair. Fences in fair condition. Spring water at house. Will keep 2 cows, 1 horse. Orchard of 20 trees. R. R. and P. O., Stowe, 6 miles. R. F. D. Price, $350; $200 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw. Stowe Sallies farm of 2 acres; pasture, 5 woodland, 5; other acreage, 10; suitable for cultivation, 10. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $5 0. Near saw mill, and plenty of work. House, 15 x 20; 6 rooms; fair re- pair. Barn, 15 x 2 0. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 1 cow, 1 horse. Spring water. Orchard of 10 trees. R. F. D. Telephone V2 mile. R. R. station and P. O., Stowe, 5 1/^ miles. Price, $400; $200 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address H. E. Shaw\ Stowe "Eureka Stock and Dairy Farm" of 212 acres: pasture, 62; wood- land, 50; suitable for cultivation, 100. Clay loam soil, free from stone, machine worked, no waste land. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2000. House, 50x24; L, 18x24; 9 rooms, 2 pantries, 6 closets; good repair. Barn, 40x80; cellar; good repair. Barn, 30x40; horse barn, 30x40; sheep barn, 20x18; corn barn, wagon shed; lumber for silo. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 5 cows, 4 horses. Running spring water. Orchard, 5 trees; several varieties. 5 00 sugar maples; new boiling equipment. Farm cut 100 tons of hay last sea- son (1912) besides 18 acres ploughed. Railroad station and post office, l^^ miles. R. F. D., and telephone. Forty head stock, 3 horses, all farm machinery, including hay loader, side delivery rake, sulky plow, manure spreader, tedder, hogs and poultry. Price, $8,000; $4,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Twenty-five tons of hay for sale. Ad- dress G. W. Chapin. StoAve Farm of 82i/2 acres located in Stowe hollow: pasture, 30; wood- land, 33; suitable for cultivation, 20. Enough wood and timber for farm use. House, 24x30; L, 15x30; 8 rooms; good repair. Barns, 28x38, 18x24, cow stable, 14x44; cellar; good repair. Silo, 10 x 11 x 17. Will keep 10 cows, 2 horses. Spring water. Apples, pears 98 Vermont Farms and plums. Sugar orchard; can hang 500 buckets. Good view of Mount Mansfield. Stowe electric railroad, 3 miles. P. O., 3 miles. R. F. D. On telephone line. District school, three-fourths mile. Price, includ- ing 10 cows, 2 horses, farm, dairy and sugar tools, $2000; $1000 cash, balance at 6 per cent. Waterville Farm of 25 acres: suitable for cultivation, 20. House, 24x28; L, 18x30; 8 rooms; good repair. Barn, 18x30. Good fences. Will keep 5 cows. Spring running to house. 1200 apple trees and 15,000, more or less, in the nursery. This is a desirable property in many ways. Fine for fruit and good as a nursery proposition, which has one of the finest lists of varieties to be found. Personal property included if desired, which includes 5 colonies bees and 150 head high class poultry all in the best of shape and condition. R. R. station, Cambridge Junction, 5 miles. P. O., Waterville, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Waterville Farm of 124 acres: pasture, 40; meadow, 60; woodland, 24. Two- story house, in fairly good condition; some repairs needed. Average farm buildings. Soil, sandy loam. Meadows may be cut with machine. Will keep 12 or 15 head of stock. 1 1/^ miles to village with churches, stores, P. O., etc. R. R. station, 5 1/^ miles. Distance from schools, 50 rods. A few fruit trees — about a dozen. Would make a nice fruit farm; nursery on small farm adjoining where owner has set nearly 2000 young trees. Price, $1,800; $5 00 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Must be sold to close an estate. Addres Geo. L. Story, Administrator. Waterville "The Stanley Farm" of 148 acres: pasture, 93; woodland, 20; suit- able for cultivation, 35. 100 acres is situated in Johnson, 48 acres with house in Waterville. House, 30x40; L, 18x20; 9 rooms; good repair. Barn, 2 x 30; cellar; good repair. Good fences. Will keep 15 cows, 3 horses. Spring water. A few apple trees. 15 00 excellent sugar maples. 8 cows, 1 mowing machine, 1 plow, 1 harrow, 100 sap buckets and spouts, 1 evaporator, 1 drawing tub, 2 sap holders, 1 sugaring-off pan. R. R. station and P, O., Johnson, 4 miles. R. F. D, Price, $22 00; one-third cash, balance at 5 per cent. For a quick sale to close estate, might shade this price a little. Address Geo. L. Story, Administrator. Waterville Farm of about 12 acres: pasture, 40; woodland, 40; about 75 acres suitable for cultivation. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $4000. Only 1 mile to mill. Brick house, 271/2 x42; L, about 15x20; 11 rooms; in good repair. Fine cellar, with hatchway, under all of house. Barn, 32x70, with lean-to, 30x70; cellar; good repair. Ca- pacity, 100 tons. Will keep 20 cows, 2 horses. Fences m good con- dition. Plenty of common and two or three grafted trees. Has the best sugar house and best set up sugar orchard in town; 14 5 tin sap buckets, nearly new, a Leader evaporator and iron arch and sugaring off outfit, nearly new and under the same roof; two years stock of dry wood in shed and plenty of storage for sap; also nearly one thousand feet of iron pipe that carries sap to the sugar house. Outfit represents about $1500 outlay. Large henhouse, large wagon and tool house. The manure is under cover. The pasture is well watered at all times. Barn is nearly new. Running water to barn recently installed. R. R. station, Cambridge Junction, 5 miles. P. O., 1 mile. R. F. D. Telephone within 5 rods or so. Price, $6,000; $3,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Mills and timber lands also for sale. Orange County Farms 99 Wolcott Land for cottages: These lands are situated upon a beautiful body of water consisting of about 150 acres. It is conceded by many that the best bass fishing in Northern Vermont is found in this little lake. One of the nicest trout streams in this vicinity has its source in this lake, flowing southerly toward the village of Wolcott where it empties into Lamoille River, a larger stream well supplied with fish. The lake is only about twenty minutes drive from Wolcott village which is situated upon the St. J. & L. C. R. R. and at the present time there is only one cottage upon this land, owned by Dr. G. C. Rublee of Hardwick, Vt. Supplies can be readily supplied by the farmers and steel boats can be supplied at any time. P. O., Wolcott, 3 miles. R. P. D. For further particulars, ad- dress G. H. Davis, R. F. D. No. 1 ORANGE COUNTY Braintree "Mount Pleasant." Farm of 170 acres: Pasture, 75; woodland, 52; other acreage, 40; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1800. R. R. siding for shipping wood and lumber, 2 miles, all down grade House, 33x23; L, 30x21; 9 rooms; good re- pair. Two barns, 28x38, each; cellar; good repair. Silo. Fences in good condition. Will keep 12 cows, 8 young stock, 3 horses. Spring water at house and barn yard. About 60 or 7 apple trees, consisting of Northern Spies, Greenings, Gravenstein and other varieties; also 3 pear trees and 1 white plum tree. Sugar orchard of about 4 00 trees. De- posit of talc in pasture. There seems to be quite an extensive vein of said mineral. A very desirable dairy farm. Milk and cream taken at door. School just across the street. R. R. station, E. Granville, 3 miles, P. O., Roxbury, 5 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $3,000; $1,500 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Good set of farming tools cheap if desired. Brookfield The Joseph Newell farm of 187 acres in East Brookfield: Pasture, 97; woodland, 40; suitable for cultivation, 50. 400 or 500 sugar maples and about 350,000 feet of timber. House, 32x38; L, 20x40; 12 rooms; good repair. Barns, 32x42, 36x46; shed, 32x50; fair repair. Silo; capacity, 37 tons. Will keep 2 to 2 5 cows, 3 or 4 horses. Owner pressed and sold 37 tons of hay from the 1911 crop. Fences in good condition. Running water at house and barns. 7 5 apple trees, one- half grafted; a few pears and plums. Two good trout streams run through the farm. R. R. station, Williamstown, 8 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1600; $800 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address H. L. Newell, M. D., East Randolph, Vermont. Chelsea Farm of 190 acres: pasture, 70; woodland, 50; other acreage, 70; suitable for cultivation, 70. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $4000. House, 24 x 32; L, 30 x 18; 9 rooms; good repair. Barns, 30 x 40, 55x26, 34x44. Silo. Will keep 25 cows, 3 horses. Fences in good condition. Running water. Several varieties of apples, R. R. station. South Royalton, 14 miles. P. O., Chelsea, 2 1/^ miles. R. F. D, and telephone. Farm is nicely divided into pasture and tillage for dairy- ing or mixed farming. Is now cutting from 50 to 6 tons of hay. 9 acres of this farm are free from taxation, excepting on the buildings. 4 acres of the tillage is level mow field. Practically all is good machine mowing. Price, $2500; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Percy J. Heath, Washington, Vermont. 100 Vermont Farms Chelsea House, 40x30; L, 30x25; 11 rooms; in best of repair. Barn, 30x20; no repair needed. Garden. Good water. One of the best houses in town, two story, slate roof, large veranda. Carriage house, sheds. Barn and everything O. K. P. O. 15 rods. Telephone. Price, $4 000. Address E. D. Barnes. Chelsea Hotel property: Hotel has 40 rooms; in good repair. Livery stable. 10 acre pasture and large garden. Will keep 2 cows. Good water. R. R. station, South Royalton, 14 miles; Williamstown, 10 miles. Telephone. Price, $8000; $4000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Practically everything in the hotel will go with the hotel. It is a bargain. Address E. D. Barnes, Proprietor. Corinth Farm 32 acres: pasture, 17; woodland, 8; suitable for cultivation, 7. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $400. House, painted and blinded, 30x24; L, 32x20; 7 rooms; in good repair. Barn 44x25; good repair. Hen house. Carriage house, 2 x 2 0. Will keep 2 cows, 1 horse. Farm has kept 4 cows and a horse. Running water. Orchard of 25 trees, Fameuse, Peach apple, Pearmain, etc., Corinth Academy and Cookville Graded School; three stores, blacksmith shop, bobbin mill. A short distance to saw mill and creamery. R. R. station, Bradford, 10 miles. P. O., Corinth, V^ mile. Telephone. Price, $1,500; $1,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address F. W. Thurber. Corinth Farm of 4 00 acres: pasture, 2 00; wood land, 10 0; suitable for cul- tivation, 100. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $500, House, 35x75; annex, 30x33; 32 rooms; in fair repair. Large dining room suitable for dances; broad veranda up-stairs and down to the end and side of main house and entirely around annex. Barn, 40 x 100; cellar; good repair. Silo. Will keep 2 5 cows, 10 horses. Spring water. Or- chard of 200 trees; Wealthy, Snow, Alexander, Peach, Tolman Sweet, Baldwin, and other varieties. Farm cuts 5 tons of hay. Bowling alley 90 feet long; two alleys. R. R. station, Bradford, 10 miles. P. O., Corinth, 3 miles. Price $4000; $1,500 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Corinth Farm of 9 3 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 17; other acreage, 26; suitable for cultivation. 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and tim- ber, $500. House, 25 x 32; L, 20 x 22; 7 rooms besides pantries and entries; sound and recently shingled. Barn, 3 8 x 72. Fences in fair con- dition. Silo, 40 tons. Will keep 10 cows, 2 horses. Running water at house and barn. Orchard of 5 5 grafted apple trees; over 30 bearing and others be- ginning to bear. A few pear, cherry and plum trees. There is an oppor- tunity for a small business at sugar making at present and a larger one in the future. More than 400 buckets may be used now and there are several hundred young trees of all sizes that have been thinned out and are growing rapidly. P. O., Cornith, 3 i/^ miles. R. F. D. and telephone. School, i/i mile. Price, $1500; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Ad- dress J. P. Sargent. Corinth Farm of 150 acres: pasture, 70; woodland, 30; other acreage, 10; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Fields very free from stone. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800. House, 28x32; one story; 11 rooms; fair repair. Barn, 34x34; shed, 20x40; good repair. Barn, 30 X 36, with stable; fair repair. Fences in good condition; lots of steel Perfect fence. Will keep 10 to 15 cows, 4 horses. Spring water at Orange County Farms 101 house and barn and a well with never failing supply. An orchard with several Peach, Duchess, Greening, Ben Davis, Bethel, Snow, and other varieties. About one-third of woodland is covered with fine maples. About 1500 have been tapped; 2000 available. R. R. station, Bradford, 12 miles. P. O., 21/2 miles. R. F. D., and telephone. 1/2 mile to school house and 2% miles to graded school. Price, $1,500. Address H. B. White, Administrator, Topsham, Vermont. Corinth iFarm of 150 acres: pasture, 40; woodland, 30; other acreage, 80; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $700 or $800. House, 32x28, 2 stories; 9 tinished rooms; in good re- pair. Barn, about 40x40; shed 18x45; good repair. Fences in good condition; some Perfect fences. Farm will keep 10 or 15 cows, 2 horses. Plenty of water at house and barn. Orchard consists of a few young trees and some older growth. Fine fields nearly free from siones; good machine mowing. Sugar orchard of perhaps 1000 trees, and a good growth of hard wood on both places. In close proximity to mining en- terprise. Can be made fine for summer boarders. Shade trees, etc. R. R. station, Bradford, 12 miles. P. O., Corinth, 21/2 miles. District school, about V2 mile; high or graded school, about 2 4 miles. R. F. D. Telephone line near. Must be sold to close estate. Price, $1,500. Ad- dress H. B. White, Administrator, Topsham, Vermont. Corinth Farm of 83 acres: pasture, 43; woodland, 15; suitable for cultiva- tion, 25. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $200. House, 2 5 X 30, with 6 rooms. Barn, 30 x 38; cellar; fair repair. Fences in fair condition. Farm will keep 5 cows, 1 horse. This farm nearly ad- joins Corinth copper mining property. There is supposed to be a copper mine on this farm. Orchard of 2 5 trees. Railroad station, Bradford, 12 miles. P. O., Corinth, 2 miles. R. F. D. Price, $600. Address H, B. White, Administrator, Topsham, Vermont. \ Fairlee Summer cottage on Lake Morey, with one-third acre of land. House, new 3 years ago, 20x32; 9 rooms; good repair. Running spring water in sink, bath room on top floor. Large piazza on three sides. Sleep- ing porch on top story. R. R. station and P. O., Fairlee, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price including furniture, dishes and boat, $2100; $100 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Geo. C. West. Randolph Summer residence situated on State road within one-third mile from very heart of town. A twelve acre lot consisting of tillage and pasture for cow and horse. Fine garden. 1 i/^ story house of 11 rooms, bath and wash room, village water, electric lights; broad porch on two sides. House commands most delightful view of mountain and valley. Fine barn with two stalls and room for a man. Only the main road divides this property from "Mari-castle Park" of many acres, lovely drives, summer houses, seats, etc. Commanding a fine view of town and moun- tains. This park, through the kindness of its owner, is "free to all humanity who will be decent." A desirable property in a most desirable town. Situated in the village district, but not in the school district. Would sell good surrey, light buggy, two horses and ail kinds of garden tools. For further particulars address Miss Ella P. Skinner, 34 South Main Street. 102 Vermont Farms Strafford Farm of 4 00 acres: pasture, 17 0; tillage, about 12 0; balance in wood and timber. House, 26x36; L, 18x40. Horse barn at end of L, 26 x 36. Basement cattle barn, 40x48. Basement has shed and silo; tie-ups for 39 head of cattle. Hen house and storage shed. House and barn buildings in good repair. Orchard of 150 young apple trees, some plum and pear trees. Can tap 1000 sugar maples. R. R. stations, Sharon, 12 miles, and Ely, 13 miles. For futher particulars address J. R. Hayes. Strafford Farm of 170 acres: pasture, 50; suitable for cultivation, 2 5. House, 33x29; L, 13x16; 10 rooms; cellar under all of house; in very good repair. Barn, 49x36; in good repair. Fences in good condition. Farm will keep 12 cows, 2 horses. Water in barn and house. Quite a number of apple trees. With a little work considerable more land can be made suitable for cultivation. "We are just two old people here as our boys have left us. We can't run the farm." R. R. station, Sharon, 9 miles. P. O., Strafford, 1% miles. R. F. D. Price $1050. Easy terms. Ad- dress William, H. J., or James Bassingthwaighte. Strafford Farm of 120 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 20; other acreage, 10; suitable for cultivation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $300. Land in good state of cultivation. House, 24x22; L, 26x18; 8 rooms; in good repair. Barn, 88 x 30; fair repair. Fences in good condition. Silo, 35 tons. Farm will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Spring water. 50 apple and 6 pear trees. Poultry houses for 2 50 hens. Farm is on good road. Reason for selling is old age and poor health. R. R. station, Sharon, 5 miles. P. O., South Strafford, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2000; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Geo. H. Brown, South Strafford. South Strafford "Pleasant View Farm" of 235 acres: pasture, 110; woodland, 75; other acreage, 50; suitable for cultivation, 50. Estimated market value of wood and timber, standing, $12 00. A two-story house, 2 6x3 0; L, 2 0x3 0, Li, 20x24; 19 rooms besides closets; good repair. Barn, 40x100, with cellar, slate roof; in good repair. Barn, 24 x 24, for horses. Silo. Fences mostly wire, in good condition. Farm will keep 4 cows, 4 horses. Running water at house and barn. Orchard consisting of a few native and Duchess trees. Forty acres of meadow land is level, 10 acres, rolling. Fine corn and grass land. Pasture watered by never failing trout brook. Two new poultry houses. Insurance, $5,000. Pine place for summer boarders. Is considered the best farm in town. R. R. stations, Sharon, 6 miles, Pompanoosuc, 9 miles. P. O.. South Strafford, Vz mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $7000; $4,500 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address Pinkham & Varney, Tunbridg© Wood and timber lot of 4 acres. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2000. Lot contains old growth maple, beech, yellow birch, red birch, basswood, ash and hemlock. R. R. station. South Royalton, 5 miles. P. O., Randolph .Center, 4 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2,000 cash. Tunbridge Farm of 140 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 25; suitable for culti- vation, 60. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 20x30; 9 rooms; good repair. Two barns, one 40x30; cellar; good re- Orleans County Farms 103 pair. Silo. Fences in good condition. Will keep 12 cows, 2 horses. Running water. 7 5 apple, pear, plum and cherry trees, also blackber- ries and raspberries. Near a large quarry. Good sugar orchard; a sugar house and tools. R. R. station. South Royalton, 4 miles. P. O., East Bethel, 2 miles. Telephone. Price, $2,500 cash. Address F. H. Rea. Timbridge Farm of 12 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 25; suitable for cultiva- tion, 40, Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,200. House, 20x40; 7 rooms; in very good repair. Two barns, and corn barn. One barn, 4 x 5 0, with cellar; good repair. Silo, 3 5 tons. Fences in good con- dition. Will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Running w^ater. Sixty apple and 2 plum trees. Good sugar orchard. Near neighbors, church, and a district school. R. R. station, South Royalton, 4 miles, P. O,, East Bethel, 2 miles. This farm adjoins the farm above described. Telephone. Price, $3,000 cash. Address F. H, Rea. Vershire Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 25; woodland, 25; suitable for cultiva- tion, 5 0. Estimated market value of w^ood and timber, $2 00. House, 28x30; L, 18x24; 10 rooms; fair repair. Barn, 44x48; cellar; fair repair. Horse barn, 30x4 5, 4 stalls and cellar. Fences in good condi- tion. Farm will keep 12 cows, 3 horses. Spring water. Orchard of 40 apple trees. Situated on the stage road from Vershire to Chelsea 5 miles to Chelsea, the county seat. 1 mile to church, stores, school, creamery, blacksmith shop and gristmill. In a good neighborhood. R, R. station, Ely, 13 miles. P. O., Vershire, 1 mile. R. F. D, On tele- phone line. Price, $1,350; $5 00 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address A. H. Colton, Post Mills, Vermont. ORLEANS COUNTY Albany The "William Hayden Farm" of 5 00 acres: pasture, 150; woodland, 200; other acreage, 150; suitable for cultivation, 100. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. Brick house, 35 x 48; L, 31 x 26; 17 rooms and bath; 10 closets and 3 halls; in fair repair. Large lawn en- closed with heavy granite curbing. Barns, 30x96, 43x112, 45x118, 44x50, 34x45, 36x40; fair repair. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 4 cows, 4 horses now. Can be made to keep 60 cows. Orchard of 2 or 3 trees. This is a very desirable place. Clay loam soil. Near- ly all machine mowing. Black river runs through the large field of 100 acres. House is richly furnished with black walnut, rosewood and ma- hogany, upholstered with hair cloth; heavy window draperies, rich vel- vet carpets, piano, etc. Will sell the house with furniture and as few acres desired or the whole farm. Is situated on the fine State road. R, R, stations, Orleans, 12 miles, Hardwick and Wolcott, 13 miles. P. O., Albany, 1 1/^ miles. Daily stage. R. F, D., and telephone line. Must be sold to settle estate. Price, $10,000; enough cash so balance can be paid on mortgage at bank or elsewhere. For further particulars inquire of N. B. Williams, Administrator, North Craftsbury. Vermont. Barton Four hundred acres of w^ood and timber. Estimated market value, $2,000. Mountainous and rocky and largely growing up with white birch and poplar. Sled roads to every part of the property. Rail- road station Willoughby, 1 mile. P. O., Willoughby, 1 mile. Price, $2,000; $1,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. For further particulars ad- dress W. S. McDowell, Orleans, R. F. D. 104 Vermont Farms Barton A forty acre property: pasture, 15; suitable for cultivation, 2 5. Over- looking Crystal Lake. Suitable for summer homes or permanent homes. Situated in the limits of the incorporated village of Barton. R. R. sta- tion about 50 rods. P. O., V2 mile. Price, easy terms. Barton Farm of 210 acres. House, 30x40; L, 2 5x30; 15 rooms; good repair. Modern barn, 50x100; cellar; fair repair. Horse barn, 30x40; sheep barn 30x50. Fences in fair condition. Farm will keep 30 cows, 2 horses. Spring water; large stream, never failing. Native fruit in abundance. This farm has four tillage fields and two wood lots. Ow- ing to this fact and that it is near a thrifty railroad village, part of the tillage and woodland might be sold off and still have a good farm left. Es- timated value of wood and timber, $3,000. The farm is located just north of Barton village which has a fine academy, public library, churches, stores, etc., within easy walking distance. R. R. station, three-fourths mile, P. O., one-half mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price $8000; 40% cash. Address F. E. Nelson. Barton A money making farm of over 200 acres of rich farming land located only one-half mile from stores and less than one mile from railroad sta- tion. Land is suitably divided into tillage, pasture, and woodland, the latter comprising two of the best sugar orchards in town, with two camps equipped with evaporators and about 3,000 buckets. Could use 500 more. Lots of white ash timber and wood besides sugar maples. Modern high drive barn, 50x100; horse barn, 30x40; sheep barn, 30x50. Large, fifteen room house in good repair. Nice yard with maple shade and pleas- ant view. An abundance of variety of fruit. Buildings are sapplied with large stream of never failing spring water. R. F. D. and telephone. Farm must be sold to settle estate. Address F. E. Nelson, Administrator. Barton A farm of 120 acres including stock and tools for $5,800. IVz miles to the hustling village of Orleans, Vermont, with stores, churches, (in- cluding Catholic), factories. This farm is pleasantly located on main road, R. F. D. ; cream taken at door; telephone in house; the best of spring run- ning water in house and at barn. Fruit orchard of good variety for home use. Land well divided in tillage, pasture and wood. Dark loam soil, smooth, a little rolling, not very stony, a few boulders; all machine work. Will winter 2 5 head and team and with a little work will winter 3 head. A good pasture for 2 5 head; well fenced and plenty of water and shade. There is about 200,000 feet of soft wood timber, spruce, fir and cedar. Only 1 1/^ miles to mill. Also one of the best sugar places in Orleans county of 12 00 trees, mostly old growth, rigged for 1000 trees, very good equipments. Produces $2 00 worth of sugar in a year. 1 1/^ story house, 30x30, with an ell, 20x40, with one year's supply of wood in shed and yard. House newly clapboarded and painted. Piazza on ell. Good yard with two large maple shade trees. House has 8 rooms with cabinet kitchen and cellar; rooms in good repair. Stock barn 4 x 6 0, has a basement and a silo for 100 tons; stable arranged for 2 head. Horse barn, 2 x 4 0, double boarded, has 4 stalls with basement. Carriage house, connected to dwelling house; a good sized tool shed, hen house, 12 X 18. Thirteen young cows, 2 yearlings, 6 calves, 2 pigs, 1 horse, all the hay and grain, 2 mowing machines, 1 horse rake, 2 plows, 2 harrows, wheel and smoothing, 2 cultivators, land roller, dump cart, new carriage, 1 express wagon, 2 lumber wagons, 2 pairs work sleds, 1 pung, 1 sleigh, Orleans County Farms 105 1 pair of work harness, and a driving liarness. Price, $5,800, a reasonable amount down and balance on easy terms. Owner desires to sell as she is a widow in poor health. Address Mrs. Nora Holmes, Barton, Vermont. Derby Farm of 3 acres suitable for cultivation. House, 40x30; 2 3 rooms in good condition. Barn, 40x25; with cellar, 16x23; in good repair. Railroad station, Newport, 4 miles distant. 4 tenement house, wood shed, barn, ice house and blacksmith shop. Price, $5,00 0; cash $2 000, balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address C. R. Doody, Derby, Vermont. Derby 16 acre farm in Derby Center. Barn, 24x24 in good condition. Will keep 6 cows. Railroad station, Newport, 4 miles distant. Price, $1,500; cash $5 00, balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address C. R. Doody, Derby, Vermont. Brownington (Village of Evansville) Farm of 130 acres: pasture, 35; woodland, 15; suitable for cultiva- tion, 80. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House of ten rooms in good repair. Barns, 50 x 40, 32 x 28, 40 x 90, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 7 5. Will keep 2 5 cows, 4 horses. Water, running. Orchard, apple. Rail- road station, Orleans, distance, 4 miles. Postoffice, Orleans, distance, 4 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Smooth machine worked fields; nearly free from stone. Deep fertile soil. Short walk to school, church, stores, saw mill, blacksmith shop. Ties 32 head of cattle. Electric lights. Will winter 40 head of cattle and pasture 25. Price, $4,000; cash, $2,000. Address H. P. Leland, Orleans. Craftsbury Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 35; woodland, 35; other acreage, 30; suitable for cultivation 5 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber $1,500. House, 24 x 16; L, 24 x 16; 9 rooms; in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Running water. Or- chard of 2 different kinds of fruit. Fine sugar bush of 1,600 rock maples, level and smooth area. Farm is moist and is a great hay farm. Sugar tools are new. New DeLaval separator. Railroad station, Wolcott, QV2 miles, level road. Post Office, Craftsbury, 5 miles; 2% miles to two others. R. F. D. Also on Wolcott stage route. Owner is teacher and will sell soon. Price, including tools, $3,500; $1,000 to $1,500 cash, balance at 6 per cent. Address L. M. Darling, Canaan, Vermont. Greensboro Farm of 12 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 25; other acreage, 35; suitable for cultivation, 60. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,800. House 24x30; L, 20x24; 10 rooms; in very good repair. Horse barn connected to L, 24 x 30; in good repair. Two-story barn, 4 x 60, with cellar; in good repair. Silo, 100 tons. Fences in good condition. Farm will keep 16 cows, 3 horses. Running water at house and barn. Some grafted fruit. Sugar lot equipped with 15 00 new metal buckets and covers, evaporator, 4x16, two good gathering tubs, metal storage tank of 40 barrels capacity. Good market for all early vegetables at good prices. Overlooks Caspian Lake, one-half mile distant. Fine location for cottages. R. R. stations. East Hardwick and Greensboro Bend, 5 miles. P. O., Greensboro, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $3,000; $1,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address J. E. Baird. Iras burg 16 acre farm: pasture, 60; woodland, 50; other acreage, 50; 106 Vermont Farms suitable for cultivation, 70. Estimated value of wood and timber, $2,000. House, 66 x 24, 8 rooms in good repair. 2 barns, 40 x 82, new. Fences in good condition. 90 ton silo. Will keep 2 5 cows and 3 horses. Never fail- ing spring water. Orchard of 100 grafted native apples, also pear trees. Good sugar orchard. All right for 1600 trees. Made 3600 lbs. sugar in the spring of 1913. Railroad station, Orleans, 8 miles distant. R. F. D. and telephone. Will sell stock and tools with farm if desired. Price, $6,000; $3,000 cash; balance on interest at 5 per cent. Address C. F. Webster, Irasburg, Vt. Westniore Cottage, 36x16, with porch 6 ft. wide, on three sides. Cottage lot. Barn, 16 x 18. A well built cottage and barn with basement under both. The house is boarded with good lumber and covered with two-ply Paroid roofing on sides and ends and painted two coats with lead and oil. The roof is shingled with good cedar shingles. Price, $800; $200 cash; bal- ance at 5 per cent, RUTLAND COUNTY Benson Farm of 274 acres, known as the Fred May farm; nearly 50 acres woodland, mostly covered with spruce and pine; good meadows and pas- tures. Buildings suiRcient for the place and in fair condition, with run- ning water to same. This farm will carry a large stock. It is located od main highway, not far from the village of Fair Haven, is more than ordi- narily level, is considered one of the best farms in town, and must be sold to settle an estate. Address Robert Morris, Adm., Fair Haven. Brandon Farm of 394 acres, with 170 acres in pasture, 124 acres in , woodland, 100 acres suitable for cultivation; a considerable part of the pasture can be plowed. This farm lies back on the hills in a healthful section on good road and the buildings are in good repair. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2000, on the stump. House, 30x40, with L, 20x30; number of rooms 11; house in good condition. Barn, 30 x 60, with cellar; another barn, 24 x 36, with lean-to for stable, 22 x 32 and 20 x 31; also horse barn, 20x30; hog pen, 18x20; shed, 20x30; granary, hen-house, silo, shop and ice house. Good fences. Spring water runs to house and barn. Will keep 5 cows, 6 horses and other stock. 10 young apple trees and as many more old ones; cherries and plums. The farm consists of good potato, grain and corn land. Maple sugar orchard in which 1000 buckets may be set. Railroad station and post office, Brandon, 7 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $4500; $2,500 cash, with the balance at 5 per cent. Address Willis V. Farr, Burlington, Vt. Lake Bonioseen Two houses with half acre of land; houses, 20 x 24, with L, 10 x 12, in good repair; 9 rooms. Water from driven well. Railroad station, Hyde- ville, 4 miles. Post office, Bonioseen, 1-16 of a mile. About 15 rods from trolley station. Telephone connections. Best cottage has lake front and electric lights; rents furnished for $15.00 per week. Price, $4,200; $2,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Will divide property, one house, $2,500, one house, $1,700. Address H. M. Redtield. Castleton Village property. 7 room house, all modern improvements, bath, hot and cold water, furnace heat; hard-wood floors. Cistern and driven well. Grounds, 250 x 150 feet, with large field on one side. Price, $3,500. Address Mrs. Graydon W. Moore, Castleton, Vt. Rutland County Farms 107 Chittenden Farm of 22 5 acres, with 125 acres in pasture, 5 acres in woodland, and 5 acres suitable for cultivation; estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,500. House, 24 x 26; L, 15 x 24; 12 rooms. Barn, 50 x 100, with cellar. House and barn in best repair. A silo of 75 tons ca- pacity. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 2 5 cows and three horses. Plenty of good water. House is furnished with hot and cold water, water closet, bath tub and furnace. Cemented cellar in both house and barn. Orchard of 50 trees. Railroad station and post office, Rutland, 6 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $5,000; $2,500 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Fair Haven Farm of 113 acres: pasture, 43; woodland, 20; suitable for cultiva- tion, 50. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $5 00. House, 2 5 X 25, with L, 20 x 20; number of rooms, 11. House in good repair. Barns, 50x30 and 26x36, with cellar; in good repair. Will keep 15 cows and 3 horses. Water from well and cistern. Orchard of 7 5 trees; many kinds of apples; plum and pear trees; farm well adapted for fruit growing. Railroad station and post office, Fair Haven, 3 miles, also trolley station. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $3,500; $1,500 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address Willis J. Bartholomew. Fair Haven Farm of 356 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 56; suitable for cultiva- tion, 200; estimated value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 30x30, with L, 20x30; number of rooms, 20; house in good repair. Barns, 100 x 60, and 60 x 50, in good repair; also silo and other small buildings, barns have capacity of 142 tons. Fences in good condition. Farm will keep 75 cows and 6 horses. Water from artesian well. Orchard of 2 5 trees. This farm was bought and repaired by a rich man who lived on it until he was too old to run it. It is considered one of the best stock farms in the com- munity and is favorably located for a milk route. It contains a slate vein partly developed. Railroad station and post office. Fair Haven, 1 mile; also electric railroad near by. Telephone connections. Price, $ 15,000 '; $3,000 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address Willis J. Bartholomew'. Hubbardton Farm of 10 acres: pasture, 4; woodland, 1; other acreage, 1; suitable for cultivation 4. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100. House, 18 x 24, with L, 12 x 14, in fair condition; number of rooms, 7. Barn, 26 x 32, with cellar, in poorer condition. Fences in fair condition. Will keep one cow and one horse. Plenty of water. Orchard of 2 apple trees. Trout brook runs through pasture. Railroad station, Castleton, 8 miles. Post office, Hubbardton, 1/4 mile. On telephone line. Price, $6 00;' $2 00 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address H. M. Redfield. Middletown Springs Farm of 35 acres; woodland 20; suitable for cultivation, 15; market value of wood and timber, $1,200. No house or barns. Fences in good condition. Orchard of 6 trees, with young trees suitable for grafting. Farm located on the automobile road between Rutland and Middletown Springs, directly on the summit or height of land; a beautiful view and an ideal spot for a summer residence. Railroad station, West Rutland, 8 miles. Post office, Middletown Springs, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $700; $400 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address Richard e' Buxton, Box 98. Middletown Springs Farm of 420 acres: pasture, 150; meadow land, 100. Contains several 108 Vermont Farms thousand sugar maples. Plenty of spring water. Will keep 4 or 50 cows. Address James McMorrow. Middletown Springs Farm of 175 acres: pasture, 55; woodland, 55; other acreage, 5; suit- able for cultivation, 60. House, 30x40, with L, 18x24, in good repair; number of rooms, 10. Barn, 50x72, in good repair. Fences in fair con- dition. Will keep 15 cows and 3 horses. Excellent water supply. Pleniy of fruit and chance for more. Beautiful scenery and an excellent place for keeping summer boarders. Many summer people come to this section every year. Three railroad stations within a distance of 9 miles. Post office, Middletown Springs, 2 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Electric transmission line within 5 rods of the house. Price, $4,500; half in cash and balance at 5 per cent. Address A. W. Oilman. Proctor One and one-half acres good land. House, 26x22, with L, 18x18, House in best of condition, hard wood floors, hot and cola water, cellar with concrete floor under whole house. Horse barn, 20 x 30, with 4 stalls; hay barn, 20x30; hen house, carriage room, wagon shed and corn crib. Water in house and barn. Orchard of 14 apple trees, pear tree and pium tree. Railroad station and post office, Proctor % mile. Telephone con- nections. Price, $2,800; $1,800 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Rutland Farm of 241 acres: pasture, 80; woodland, 80; other acreage, 81; suitable for cultivation, 100. House, 40 x 30, with L, 40 x 28, in fair re- pair; 16 rooms. Shed, 24 x 12. Two barns, 36 x 28; o^ne barn, 40 x 30, and one 40 x 2 8, in fair repair. Water brought from brook by ram. About 40 apple trees and a few plum and pear trees. Railroad station and post of- fice, 31/2 miles. R. F. D. route. Price, $5,000; $2,500 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Stock and tools may be included at agreed price. Address Frank B. Fuller. Rutland A small farm of 11 acres suitable for cultivation. House, 25x22;L, 30 X 20, in good repair; number of rooms, 10. Barn, 48x24, in good repair. Farm used for gardening, city water furnished. Orchard of 12 apple trees, also plum and cherry trees. Excellent soil, free from stones and in a very high state of cultivation. A large plot of alfalfa growing. Good oppor- tunities for poultry raising. Farm within city limits and streets laid out as far as this place. Railroad station and post office, Rutland, 1 1/4 miles. Telephone and city delivery of mail. Price on application. 61 Field Ave. Wallingford Farm of 17 5 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 20; suitable for cultiva- tion, 5 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $800, on the stump. There are between 200 and 3 00 sugar maples. House, 30x2 8, with L, 24 X 24, also summer kitchen and wood shed connected with house, all in good repair; number of rooms, 10. Three barns, with cellar, in good repair, 34x40; 30x40; 28x32. Will keep 3 cows and three horses. Water furnished by well, cistern and brook. A few young apple trees. Buildings are beautifully situated just outside the village limits on the banks of Otter Creek, which borders the farm for about 7 rods. Farm also borders highway for 8 rods. Elfln Lake is situated about 7 5 rods back from the house and is bordered for two-thirds of its circumference Dy this farm. Fine site for summer residences or summer cottages near the lake. A ma- chine worked field, free from stone. Spring watered pasture. Nearly a mile of woven wire fencing with locust posts. Wallingford is a thriving village 10 miles south of Rutland on the Rutland Railroad and 2 2 miles Rutland County Farms 109 north of Manchester. Six-hour train service from New York. Wallingford has three churches, six stores, fine public library, new town hall, high school, large hotel, creamery, electric lights, water system and fire depart- ment. Railroad station and post office, Wallingford, V^ mile. TelephoDe and electric lights with village water within 40 rods. Price, $8,000. Ad- dress H. H. Waldo. East Wallingford A farm of 500 acres: pasture, 300; woodland, 100; suitable for cul- tivation, 100. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $4,000. House, 26 X 47, with L, 19 x 27; 14 rooms, in very good repair. Barn, 36 x 100. with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo of 150 tons capacity. Will keep 7 5 cows, 8 horses. Good spring water at house and barn. Orchard of 2 5 trees. Railroad station and post office, East Wal- lingford, one mile. R. F. D. and telephone. This farm is a very good one, all in first class condition; excellent opportunity for a stock farm. Price, $16,000; $11,000 cash and balance at 5 per cent. Address Peter Pelkey. Wells One half acre of land with house 20x26, L, 12x18; 10 rooms. Barn, 21 X 24 with cellar. This is a new house, downstairs finished in oak mis- sion; upstairs finished in pine, natural. Concrete foundation, and sleeping porch. Five minutes walk from Lake St. Catherine, near trout stream, fine shaded lawn. Complete bathroom, electric lights, hot air heater, and would make an ideal summer home. Barn fitted for either garage or sta- ble. Large garden. Railroad station, Granville, N. Y., 3 miles. Post office. Wells, 15 rods. Price, $3000 cash. Address Lester L. Hopson. WASHINGTON COUNTY Cabot Farm of 200 acres: pasture, 65; woodland, 60; suitable for cul- tivation, 7 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,500. House, 30x35 , with L, 20x40, in good repair; number of rooms 13, with five closets. Barn, 45 x 56, in good repair; barn cellar and silo 11 x 24; horse barn 24 x 56 connected with barn. Woodshed 24x28 connected with house. Will keep 2 5 cows and two horses. Farm cut 6 5 tons hay in 1912. A never failing well supplies water. Orchard of 5 trees, native fruit. Railroad station, Walden, 5 miles; post office, Cabot, 2 1/^ miles. R. F. D. and on telephone line. Price, $3,500; $2,5 00 cash, wath balance at 5 per cent. Apply Will Adams. Marshfield Farm of 120 acres; pasture 70; suitable for cultivation 25 to 30. Es- timated market value of wood and timber $6j0. House 32x22 with L 24x18 in excellent repair, 8 rooms. Barn 45x72 with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo of 5 tons capacity. Will keep 15 to 18 cows and 3 horses. Never failing w^ater supply. Orchard of 6 5 trees, including Mcintosh Reds, Fameuse, Spring, Pound Sweet, Duchess, Russets, Wolf River, Pippins, Andrew's Favorite, St. Lawrence, Talman Sweet, Red Astrachan, Ben Davis and other kinds. There is a splendid sugar orchard on the place, a good trout brook running the entire length of the farm, privately stocked, and a ten or twelve acre trout pond, private- ly stocked. The land is in good condition. Railroad station, Marshfield, 1% miles; post office, Marshfield, % mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price of farm stock and tools on application. Address Ernest E. Tanner. East Montpelier A large stock farm of about 450 acres; suitable for cultivation 120; pastures well watered. A large quantity of hard and soft wood lumber. 110 Vermont Farms including a cedar swamp with thousands of cedars suitable for posts. Ma- ple sugar orchard of 800 trees. Soil deep and rich and farm nearly level. Will carry 100 head of cattle and 6 horses. Produces 150 tons of hay and a large amount of other crops, from 1200 to 1500 bushels of grain are usually raised. Large silo and last year 30 acres of corn were raised. Modern 2 story house of 18 rooms. Barn 54 x 104, also horse barn, sheds and garage. One of the finest sets of farm buildings in this part of the state. Cottage convenient for hired help. Abundance of spring water in house and barn. Splendid trout brook on farm. Considered one of the best farms in Washington County, 4 miles to Montpelier and 5 miles to Barre. Is well adapted for a milk or stock farm. Price $24,000. Apply H. M. Farnham, Montpelier, Vt. East Montpelier Farm of 35 acres: pasture, 15; woodland, 10; suitable for cultivation, 10. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $500. House, 36 x 26, in good repair; 6 rooms. Barn, 36 x23; hen house, 40x12. Fences in good condition. Orchard of 30 apple trees. There is an abundance of water on the place. It is only 3 miles from the State House and was pur- chased for gardening and the raising of poultry and swine, but on account of the poor health of the owner it is offered for sale. Railroad station and post office, Montpelier, 3 miles. Price, $1,400. Address A. E. Wallen, 132 Main St., Montpelier. Montpelier For Sale. Splendidly located. Farm of 117 acres within the city limits, on level road, 1% miles from the Capitol Building of the State. Evenly divided, without stone or ledge in tilled land, all machine worked; about 3 5 acres level meadow capable of producing immense crops, salable in one of the best market towns in Vermont. 200 cords wood and some timber. 17 room house, all conveniences, furnace heat, set tubs, etc. Spring and city water. Large barn, slate roof, etc., and new cottage in woods adjoining city park. Buildings in good repair. Hay in barn and farming tools — no stock. A splendid home in a beautiful city, excellent markets, and within a few years a building lot proposition. All details price, etc., on application. C. A. Pitkin, Montpelier, Vt. Northfield Farm of 4 00 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 300; suitable for cultiva- tion, 40. House, 24 x28, in fair condition; number of rooms, 7. Barn, 40 x 3 0, in fair condition. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Spring water on the place. Several fruit trees on the farm. Railroad station, Roxbury, 4 1/^ miles, post office, Northfield, 7 miles. On R. F. D. route. Price, $2,000; $1,000 cash, with balance at 6 per cent. Address E. Barton Whitney. Northfield A timber lot of 160 acres which can be reached at any season of the year, 3 1/4 miles from railroad station with no hills to climb. Contains a lot of spruce and hard wood timber. A sugar orchard of 800 trees which can be doubled in number in a short time. Also a residence in village, 5 minutes walk from station. 11 room house, with hot water heat and hard wood floors, all new. Barn for 6 cows and 7 horses. 7 acres of land. A fine orchard and all kinds of small fruit. This place is well adapted to the keeping of summer boarders. House can be arranged for two families. Address F. A. Joslyn. Roxbury Farm of 7 5 acres: pasture and woodland, 45; suitable for cultivation. Washington County Farms 111 30. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 20 x 30, with L, 12x20, in good repair, 5 rooms. Barn, 30x40. Fences in good condition. Will keep 7 cows and 2 horses. Running water In house and barn. Orchard of 2 5 trees of various kinds. This is excellent hay land. The place contains 1000 sugar maples, also butternut and walnut trees. Railroad station and post office, Roxbury, l^ mile. Price, $1,000. Address F. H. Merrill. Waitsfield Farm of 100 acres; pasture, 50; woodland, 20; other acreage, 30; suitable for cultivation, 5 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,500 to $2,000. House, 25x60, 11 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 30 x 40. Horse barn, 25 x 38, in fair repair. Fences in good condition. Silo of 3 tons capacity. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Orchards of 90 apple trees, 2 pears, several plums. A sugar orchard of 600 trees, a fine one very handy by. Apple orchard one of the best and produces 100 barrels per year of standard fruit. One of the best watered farms in this county, 5 never failing springs and a good trout brook, has been stocked with 26,000 trout. Mowings are level and smooth. 75 rods to a first class school and about the same to four neighbors. Will pasture from 20 to 2 5 cows and is being sold on account of old age, the present owner being 80 years old and having owned and lived on the farm for 50 years. It is two miles to Waitsfield village. Skimming station 7 5 rods from barn, where either milk or cream is taken. Railroad station, Middlesex, 12 miles. Post office, Waitsfield, 2 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $14 00; $600 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address J. H. Neill. Waterbury Farm of 100 acres: forty acres in pasture; woodland, 15; -.suitable for cultivation, 45. House, 40 x36, in good repair, 9 rooms. Horse barn, 32 X 52, with cellar. Hay barn, 30 x 40. Cow stable, 100 x 15. Piggery, 24 X 40. Fences in good condition. Silo with 40 tons capacity. Will keep 35 cows and 4 horses. There is an ample supply of running water from three different springs. A maple orchard of about 4 00 trees is an im- portant feature of the property and the place is equipped with sugar mak- ing utensils. This farm is beautifully situated on what is known as Blush hill, overlooking the village of Waterbury. It would make an ideal loca- tion for a summer home for a family or for a club. Owing to the abundance of pure spring water a fish pond could be established easily. The con- tour of the land is such that very fine golf links could be laid out without difficulty. The distance to the railroad station in Waterbury is only 1 y^ miles and the place has the benefit of an R. F. D. route and telephone con- nections. Waterbury is on the main line of the Central Vermont Railway, 3 hours ride from Montreal, 7 from Boston and 9 hours ride from New York. Waterbury has a population of about 3300, a fine water system, an adequate sewer system, good streets, 10 miles of concrete walks, excellent church and school facilities, and one of the best hotels in the state. Price of farm, $10,000; $3,000 cash with balance at 5 per cent. Address H. C. Whitehill, Waterbury. WINDHAM COUNTY West Duminerstoii Farm of 70 acres: pasture, 35; woodland, 15; 6 miles from Brattle- boro. Estimated market value of wood and timber, wood $8.00 per cord, logs $15.00 per thousand. 1% story house, with L in good repair, 7 rooms. Barn, 30x40, in good repair. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Running water. Orchard of Baldwins and Greenings. This farm is in good state of cultivation, cuts all No. 1 hay, nice sugar lot, house and tools. Blacksmith shop, large hen house and yard. Railroad station, West Dum~ 112 Vermont Farms merston, % mile; post office, West Dummerston, % mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price,$ 1,700; $8 50 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Mrs. E. J. Wilkins. Guilford Three-fourths of an acre of good land. House, 30x36, in fairly good repair. Barn, 14x20, in fair condition. Water obtained from well. This place is situated in a small village with church, school, post office, and store within 5 minutes walk. Railroad station, Brattleboro, 10 miles. Post office. Green River. Price $300. Address Mrs. A. E. Thomas, 1 Pleasant St., Brattleboro, Vt. Jamaica Farm of 32 5 acres: 12 7 acres suitable for cultivation, balance pasture and woodland with a nice lot of growing pine estimated now at 100,000 feet; also a large sugar orchard, a new sugar house equipped with a new evaporator and 14 00 new galvanized buckets. Large 10 room house. Two barns, 30x40, with shed, 18x30, attached to one and lean-to, 18x30 at- tached to the other. Running water at house and barn. This farm is lo- cated 2 1/4 miles from railroad station, post office, creamery, church and schools. Price, $10 per acre, part cash, balance on easy terms. Address R. I. Holbrook, Townshend, Vt. Londonderry Farm of 300 acres; pasture, 12 5; woodland, 12 5; other acreage, 50; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $3,000 to $3,500. House, 40 x 26, with L, 48 x 19, in good repair. 9 rooms on ground floor. Barn, 40 x 50, with cellar. Fences in good condition. Will keep 10 to 15 cows and 3 horses. Never failing supply of running water. Orchard of 150 trees, including Baldwins, Greenings, Maidens Blush, Blue Pearmains, Red Astrachans, Strawberry and Snow apples and other varieties. This farm lies in a valley, has a sugar orchard of 450 trees, the barn is new, and both house and barn are slated. There is a driveway into the gable end of the barn so that ail the hay can be pitched down without the need of a horse fork. There is a nice yard, also fine shade trees in front of the house. The place is situated on the Manches^- chester stage route. Railroad station. South Londonderry, 4 ^4 miles. Post office, Londonderry, 1 1/4 miles. Telephone and mall delivered by stage. Price, $4,000; $3,000 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. This price does not include the sugar tools. All tools and stock may be had at reas- onable prices. Newfane Farm of 6 1/^ acres: pasture, 1; woodland, 1; suitable for cultivation, 4 V2 . Will keep one cow and one horse. Supply of brook and spring water. A few apples are just beginning to bear. This place is suitable for a sum- mer residence, for a poultry farm or for the raising of strawberries and small fruits. It is also adapted to orchard purposes. It is located on the main road. No house or barn. Railroad station and post office, Newfane, % mile. Price, $250; $100 cash and balance at 5 per cent. Address H. A. Carpenter. Newfane Farm of 110 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 25, suitable for cultiva- tion, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,500. House of nine rooms, in good repair. Barn, 4 x 8 0, with cellar, also large silo. Fences in good condition. Will keep 2 5 cows and three horses. Supply of spring water. Large orchard of early and winter apples. This is con- sidered one of the best farms in Newfane and is situated near the county buildings. There are a large number of sugar maples on the place, a good Windham County Farms 113 sugar house and 700 buckets. This place is 10 miles from Brattleboro by vail. Railroad station and post office, 1 Yz miles. Telephone connection. Price, $4,000; $2,000 cash with balance at 5 per cent. Apply J. H. Ware, Townshend. Newfane Farm of 140 acres; pasture, 40; woodland, 70; suitable for cultivation, 30. House, 24 x 34, with 9 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 38x48, with cel- lar. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Run- ning water. Apple orchard, also pears and grapes. Sugar orchard of 35 trees. Timber recently cut over, but many small trees are left. Farm is situated on the main road. Railroad station and post office, Newfane, 1 % miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2, 200. Will sell crops and tools at reasonable price. Address A. L. Lockwood. Putney Fair View Farm of 200 acres: pasture, and woodland, 140; suitable for cultivation, 6 0. It is estimated that there are 2,000 cords of hard wood, spruce, pine and hemlock on the place. House, 3G x 4 0, with L, 14 X 40, in good repair, but house needs painting. Number of rooms, 20, in- cluding 4 halls and two attics. Barns in good repair, one 30 x 50, with cellar stable, one 30 x 40; storage barn, 28 x 36. Fences in good condition. Will keep 2 cattle and 4 horses. Running water in house and barn. Or- chard of 5 apple trees, 6 pear, 6 plum, 6 cherry and 12 peach trees. Rail- road station, 4 miles. Post office, Putney, 3 miles. Free mail delivery and telephone lines short distance away. The land slopes to the east, there are two lots adapted to peach or other orchard purposes or small fruits; also two other lots best adapted to grass, although grain can be successfully raised. The farm cuts from 40 to 5 tons of hay but this amount can easily doubled. There are 30 acres in one meadow. Price, $5,000. Apply to Miss Edith Holton. Saxtoiis Kiver Farm of 150 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 50; suitable for cultiva- tion, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100. House, 24 x 24, with L, 24 x 18, in good repair, 8 rooms. Barn, 56 x30, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in fair condition. Silo with capacity of 70 tons. Will keep 3 to 35 cattle and 2 horses. Running water to barn. Orchard with fruit enough for home use. This place is situated on a good road leading from Saxtons River to Westminster West. It is just outside the village and within % mile of Vermont Academy. The land is easily cul- tivated. A good sized brook runs through the farm. There are two other barns besides those mentioned, also slaughter house. Railroad station. Bellows Falls, 5 miles. Post office, Saxtons River, Vz mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $4,500; part cash, balance at 5 per cent. Apply W. W. Barry. Townshend Farm of 2 50 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 100; other acreage, 25; suitable for cultivation, 7 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 30x60, with L, 18x24, 13 rooms, in fair repair. Barn, 48 X 36, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo, 12 x 30. Will keep 15 cows and 3 horses. Water at house and barn. There is an orchard of 100 pear and apple trees. A nice level sugar orchard on this farm can set 1,500 buckets, a set of good sugar tools for 700 trees goes with the farm and other farming tools all in good condition, and some stock. One can drive all over this farm. It would be a good place for summer boarders or a stock farm. Railroad station and post office, New- fane, 5 miles. Telephone and will soon have R. F. D. Price$2,000; $1,000 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address E. E. Phillips. 114 Vermont Farms Townshend Farm of 160 acres: woodland, 130; suitable for cultivation, 30. Es- timated market value of wood and timber, $3,000. House, 30 x 50, with L, 25x40, 11 rooms. Barn, 40x60, with cellar. Fences in good condition. Silo, 30 tons capacity. Will keep 6 cows and 2 horses. Spring water. This farm has an orchard of 5 grafted apple trees, 6 plums, 4 pears. 30 acres is free from rock and stone. Level and machine worked sugar or- chard of 300 trees. All the house furnishings of the very best kind, 4 chamber sets, 2 parlor sets, dining set, kitchen utensils and range, every- thing complete. Railroad station and post office, 2 miles. Price, $4,000; $3,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address H. A. McCullock, Box 24. Townshend Farm of 2 05 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 105; suitable for culti- vation, 5 0. Other acreage 50. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. Barn, 12 x 20, in fair repair. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 10 or 12 cows and 2 horses. Water from spring and brook. Orchard of 5 or more trees, part of them grafts, including Mcintosh and Baldwin apples; also a few cherry trees, grapes, etc. There is an old sugar orchard on the place. The woodland includes a lot of growing spruce, poplar, birch and maple, easy to cut and draw off. The meadow is nearly all level. This is a good apple region, and good views are afforded. Railroad station and post office, Townshend, 3 V2 miles. The farm is on an R. F. D. route and there is an opportunity to have a telephone. Price $900; $600 cash with balance at 5 per cent, $100 payable each year. Apply D. S. Brownell, Springfield, Vt. Townshend Farm of 90 acres; pasture 40; woodland 30; suitable for cultivation 3 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber $600. House 12 x 24, not habitable, 4 rooms. Barn 20x30 in poor condition. Fences in fair con- dition. Will keep one cow and one horse. Water from well, brook or spring. Orchard of about a dozen apple trees. This place is off the main highway, from Grafton to Townshend. Tlie land is fairly level and timber may be got off easily. This is a timber proposition. All the land is coming up to spruce and pine and if not worked will be covered with forest growth in ten years. Railroad station and post office, Townshend, 4 miles. West Townshend is also available as a railroad station. R. F. D. route and tele- phone line, % mile distant. Price $800; $400 cash, with balance at 5 per cent; payable $100 per year. Address D. S. Brownell, Springfield, Vt. Vernon One half acre of land, and house of 22 rooms in good repair. Barn with accomodations for 10 horses, with cellar. Water furnished by a driven well. This place is situated on a State road, and is about V4, miles from the Connecticut river power station. The dam sets the river back, mak- ing a lake 15 miles long which is used by motor boats. Hunting and fishing in season. The house is 2 1/^ stories high with large piazzas; is steam heated and newly painted, and contains a large dance hall. There are beautiful shade trees about the house and the buildings are slated. Railroad station and Post Office are only a few rods distant. The house is on a telephone line. Price, $5,000; $1,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address A. G. Barnes, Vernon. Wardsboro Farm of 90 acres: pasture, 33; woodland, 35; suitable for cultivation, 20. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $700. House, 36 x 36, with L, 22x20, in fair repair, 12 rooms. Barn, 40x30, in fair repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Runing water Windham County Farms 1]5 on the place. Orchard of 145 apple trees, with a few pear and cherry trees. This place is 1 mile from West river on southern slope with a good view and the soil is rich. There is a large sugar lot, with sugar house and sugar tools for making maple sugar. The buildings include 2 hen houses, a carriage house, corn barn and tool house. Railroad station, Wardsboro, 11/4 miles. Post office. East Jamaica, 1 1^ miles. Price, $1,700. Apply F. H. Leonard. West Wardsboro Farm of 14 acres: pasture, 4; other acreage, 2; suitable for culti- vation, 8. House, 30x40, 8 rooms in good repair. Barn, 2 x 30, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. This farm has an or- chard of 40 apple trees, 8 plum and 4 pear trees. Railroad station, Wardsboro, 8 miles. P. O., West Wardsboro, 2 1/^ miles. Price, $400 cash. Apply to L. G. Stocker. West Wardsboro A farm of 31 acres: woodland, 27; suitable for cultivation, 4. Es- timated market value of wood and timber, $450. Large ly^. story house with L contains 13 rooms, in fine repair. Barn, 24x36, with cellar, in good repair. Silo with 2 tons capacity. Will keep 1 cow. Excellent water. Orchard of 6 grafted trees. House painted white, double piazza, pleasant location. Automobile stage 3 times daily in summer. Near church, store, postoffice, etc. This must be sold and is a bargain. Railroad station, Wardsboro, 9 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1,200 cash. Address J. C. Tibbetts, Newfane, Vermont. Westminster Station Farm of 10 acres all of which is suitable for cultivation. House, 28x38, with L. 16x24; very nice throughout; 8 rooms. Barn, 34x48, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. W^ill keep 4 cows, and 2 horses. Spring water in house and barn. A few apple, pear and plum trees and currant bushes. This place is well located on the main high- way, near stores and canning factory and only 1 mile distant from Walpole, N. H., and 3 1/2 miles from Bellows Falls. The land is easily tilled, there are no stone, and all of it can be cultivated. The build- ings are in excellent condition, painted and slated, and provided with blinds. .Maple trees furnish good shade. Railroad station and post office, Westminster, only 25 rods distance. Price, $2,500; cash, $1,250, with bal- ance at 5 per cent. Address F. H. Atwood. Westminster Station Farm of 4 acres, all suitable for cultivation. House, 2 2 x 2 8, with L, 12x15, in extra good repair; house 1 1/4 stories high with 8 rooms. Barn, 32 X 32, almost new and connected to house. Fences in good condition. Will keep 1 cow and 1 horse. Very good water supply. Tnere are a few apple, pear and plum trees, and currant bushes on the place. A con- fectionery and tobacco store and the post office are located in front part of the house. This is considered a good trade location and the income pays 20 per cent of the asking price. Railroad station 12 feet distant, and Westminster Station postoffice is located in the house. Price, $3 000 for quick sale; $1,500 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. Address F. H. Atwood. AVestminster Farm of 90 to 100 acres: pasture, 50; under cultivation, 4 6 acres, free from stone, and 2 more suitable for cultivation, but now in pasture. There are 100 sugar maples on the farm. Double house, 30 x 40, with L, 25x30, in good repair; number of rooms, 14. Each tenement rents for $10 per month. Barn, 20x30 and another 38x75, with cellar in 116 Vermont Farms good repair. Pasture fences in good condition. Large silo and hay to sell. Will keep 25 cows and 3 horses. Water from spring and well. Orchard of 15 apple trees and a few plum and pear trees. This farm is in the Connecticut valley tobacco belt, good location and soil for gard- ening and good market. Corn cannery near which pays $17 per ton for sweet corn. There are many good building lots on the farm for which there is a demand. If timber is desired the owner has 2 good timber lots nearby that he would sell with the farm or separately. Railroad station 5 rods distant across the highway. Post office on corner of farm. Price low, $3,000 cash and balance at 5 per cent. Address Willis V. Farr, Vernon. Wilmington A summer home with 3 acres of land on Deerfield river bank, partly wooded; fine maple shade trees, good soil. 6 room convenient house, modernized. Railroad station and postoffice, Wilmington, 1 mile over level, good road; also a good barn and carriage house. Good high school and mail delivered. Price and terms right for quick buyer. Address C. B. Tuthill. Wilmington Farm of about 85 acres, with house, 23 x 44 and L, 16x22, 7 rooms in good repair. Barn, 25x45, and one 25x28, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses. Running water. This farm has an orchard of about 17 5 apple trees divided in Baldwins, Greenings, and Sweets. Hen house, 10x16; 1 tine cow, 2 two year old heifers, 1 heifer calf, 3 I/2 months old, 12 Rhode Island Red hens, new sugar house and all equipments, can set 100 buckets, over 700 buckets now on hand. A wood-lot of spruce, hemlock, birch and beech timber. All small farming tools, 2 mowing machines, wagon, car- riage, sleigh etc. 10 cords of wood ready for the market; about 10 tons of fine hay in the barn. This place would make a fine summer home, as it commands a splendid view of the mountains. All the land slopes to the south. Railroad station, Wilmington, 3V2 miles; post office, Wilming- ton, 3 miles; R. F. D. and telephones about a mile from house. Price, $3,000. Address C. O. Wentworth. Windham Farm of 10 acres. This piece of land is situated on main road, and at one time buildings stood on it. It is well adapted for bungalows or a house for summer people, high land, beautiful view. Railroad station. West Townshend, 5 miles; postoffice, Windham, 1^/4 miles. R. F. D. and telephone line. Price, $2 00. Address M. H. Ingalls. South Windham, Farm of about 12 5 acres: 35 acres tillage, balance wood and pasture land. There is a quantity of young growing timber on the place. This farm has wintered the past season 6 cows, 5 head of young cattle and 3 horses. Barn, 30 x 4 0, with shed attached, wagon shed, ice house, and swill house. Blacksmith shop 12 x 55; hen house. A few young fruit trees. Can set 600 buckets in sugar orchard. 7 room house in good repair. Never failing well water. Railroad station 3 miles. Postoffice, church, store and school 1-3 mile. Telephone connection. Will sell with or without stock. Address W. L. Tenney. WINDSOR COUNTY Andover Two farms in one with good set of buildings on each. 275 acres; 185 woodland, and suitable for cultivation, 90. Estimated market val- "Windsor County Farms 117 ue of wood and timber, (standing) $2,500. House, 24x28, with L, 20 x 30; 7 rooms. Another house, 2 8 x 3 2, with L, 2 x 56; 6 rooms; both in good repair. Barns, 20x30; 30 x 56; and two 30 x 40, in good repair, licences mostly wire in good condition. Farm will cut 80 to 100 tons. Will keep 23 cows and 2 horses. Spring water. Sale will include 11 heifers, coming 3, 8 calves, 1 yoke of oxen, yearling bull. An orchard of all kinds of apples, 8 kinds of pears, 3 kinds of plums. We sell from 4 to 5 barrels of graft apples every year. This is a beautiful location for a summer home or for the taking of city boarders. The location is very healthful and the scenery fine. We want to sell on account of old age and as soon as possible. Railroad station, Chester, or South London- derry either 9 miles. Post office, Chester, 8 miles. R. F. D. and tele- phone. Price, $5,000 cash. Address James O. Sawyer, R. F. D. 2, Chester, Vermont. Bethel A small farm of 6 5 acres, divided into woodland, tillage and pasture. Very nice lawn. Comfortable 1 Vo story house. Located on well-traveled road, R. F. D. and telephone lines pass the house. One mile from the growing town of Bethel, which is on the Central Vermont railway. Ad- dress A. W. Perkins. Bridgewater Five hundred acres timber land, about two-thirds of it covered with second growth spruce large enough for timber or pulp, and the rest of it with old and second growth hard wood. All easy of access, roads running through it, an excellent place for a mill. House, 20x30, 2 rooms, nearly new. Spring water. Railroad station, Woodstock, 8 miles. Post office, Bridgewater, 2 ^/^ miles. Price, $25 per acre. Address B. F. Weeden. Bridgewater Farm of 4 acres: pasture, 25; suitable for cultivation, 15. House, 20x30 with 7 rooms and basement, in good repair. Barn, 30x40 with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 4 cows and 2 horses. Spring water. Orchard of 5 apple trees, 3 pear trees, 1 plum tree and 1 grape vine. This place is situated on a hill overlook- ing the valley of the Ottaquechee river. It would make an ideal sum- mer home or poultry farm; electric lights if desired; running water at house and barn. A woolen mill which employs about 150 hands is sit- uated 1/^ mile from the farm. Railroad station, Woodstock, 6 miles; postofl5.ce, Bridgewater, i/o mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1,500; $9 00 cash, balance at 6 per cent. Address E. C. Solger. Bridgewater One half acre of land suitable for cultivation, with house, 20x30; L, 18x25, 11 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 30x40, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Good water. This is village property consisting of house, barn, 2 sheds and store well stocked, and doing from $20,000 to $25,000 business per year. Woolen mill here employs 125 hands. Poor health is the reason for selling. Railroad station, Wood- stock, 6 miles; postoffice, Bridgewater, 4 rods; has telephone. Price, $8,000; $4,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address E. A. Davis. Cavendish Farm of 91 acres: pasture, 40; woodland, 20; suitable for cultivation, 31. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 2 story brick, 26x36 with fine cellar. L, 16x36, 9 rooms besides closets, in fine repair. Two barns, 30x40 each, one in fine repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 10 cows, 3 horses. Running spring water. An orchard of 7 5 apple trees, 1 fine pear, 2 cherries, blackberries and strawberries. 118 Vermont Farms Land lies nearly level, practically all machine mowed. Fine trout fish- ing. Maple sugar orchard of 4 50 trees, on good road. Horse barn, 20 x 34; v/agon house, 20x38; hen house, 16x26; hog house, 14x26, with arch and kettle, all in very good repair. One-half mile to school, near good neighbors. Railroad station and postoffice. Cavendish, 2 1/4 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2,700; $1,500 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address John D. Dix. Cavendish Farm of 150 acres: pasture and woodland, 110; tillage and mowing, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1000. (Estimated 1,000 cords wood and 100,000 feet timber.) House, 24x34, with L, 20 X 40 (consisting of milk room, woodshed and work shop) 9 rooms, needs some repair. Barn, 40x60 with cellar, in fair repair. Fences in fair condition. Will keep 8 cows and 2 horses. Spring and well water. An orchard of 7 5 apple trees, 3 pear trees and several grape vines. House insured for $400; barn insured for $300. One-fourth mile to school. Farm can easily be made to carry 15 cows and team. Railroad sta- tion, 51/2 miles; postoffice, Felchville, 2 miles; R. F. D. Price, $1,500; $500 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address G. W. VanCor, Felchville, Vt. ) Chester Farm of 165 acres: pasture, 50; other acreage, 65; suitable for culti- vation, 5 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber,$7 00. House, 26x36 with L, 20x36; 6 rooms down stairs and 5 up stairs, in good repair. A cow barn, 30x40; and horse barn, 20x40; in good repair^ Fences in good condition. Will keep 12 to 15 cows. A good supply of water. An orchard of 4 to 5 apple trees, consisting of Baldwins, Green- ings, and common fruit. A piazza 6 feet long on one siae of the house. Also store and wagon house, 20x60 nearly new. Railroad station, and postoffice, Chester, 3 miles; R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1,900; $900 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address H. A. Barton. Chester Farm of about 100 acres: woodland, 60; suitable for cultivation, 40. Enough wood and timber for home use. New house, 2 4 x 26 with L, 12 X 14; 7 rooms, in good repair. New barn, 32 x36, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 8 to 10 cows. Good water supply. An apple orchard of a good many young Baldwins, Spies, Greenings — 5 trees or so. There is a nice bay window, also a 26 foor piazza on one side of the house. Railroad station and post office, Chester, 31/^ miles; R. F. D. and telephone. Situated on stage road. Price, $1,400; $700 cash, balance at 6 per cent. Address H. A. Barton. Chester Farm of 34 acres woodland, 20; other acreage, 2; suitable for culti- vation, 12. Modern 2 story house, 41x23, with L, 44x18; 10 rooms with pantry, workshop, laundry and storeroom, in fair condition. The house has two bay windows and two piazzas. Barn, 30x27V^, not in repair. Fences in medium condition. Will keep 1 cow and 1 horse. City water, well and spring on hill. An apple orchard of 2 Hub. None- such, 2 Sweets, Talman and fall, 2 Astrachans, 1 Porter, 2 Pippins, 2 late fall fruit and 1 pear tree. This farm is situated on high ground in the village corporation, in reach of electric lights. Fruit trees are scat- tering, have named only half, all are good fruit. Under cultivation farm would keep 2 cows and horse. A good wood lot, from 3 to 40 years growth. House has parlor, sitting room, dining room, bedroom, large pantry, kitchen in ell, 5 chambers on ground floor, 3 chimneys, fireplace, cellar well aired. Railroad station 1 % miles and postoffice, Chester, 1 Windsor County Farms 119 mile; R. F. D. and on telephone line. Price, $3,500. Address, G. L. H., Box 2 84, Chester, Vermont. Chester Depot A farm of 4 acres: this piece of pasture land contains an excellent site for a summer hotel, line outlook, good drainage, easy access, good roads and drives in every direction. About equally distant from Spring- field, Proctorsville, Cavendish and Chester. Adjacent to land on which are situated the Chester chalybeate springs, known for their medicinal qualities, for more than a century. Railroad station, Gassetts, 2 miles; postoffice, Chester Depot, 6 miles; R, F. D. For price and further infor- mation address Mrs. M. A. Chandler, R. F. D. 2, Chester Depot, Vermont. Cliester Depot Farm of 4 6 acres: pasture, 10; woodland, 20; suitable for cultivation, 16. Estimated market value of wood and timber, on stump, $400. House, 36x20, with L, 24x18; 5 rooms in good repair. Barn, 30x24, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will is.eep 4 cows and 2 horses. Running water. Apple orchard of 100 trees, consists of 3 Baldwins, 2 Russets, 1 Bell Flower, 2 Orange Sweets, 2 sweet trees, names unknown, 1 Pearmain, 1 Vermont Beauty, 1 Porter, 2 crab apples, the rest are native fruits, winter varieties, a good share of them sweet, a few small plum trees and 2 grape vines. Railroad station, Gassetts, 3 miles; post oiRce Gassetts, 3 miles; R. F. D. Price $700; $300 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address A. D. Bradish, R. F. D. 3, Chester Depot. Chester Depot Farm 234 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 134. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $10,000. These timber lots are timbered with spruce, hemlock, red oak, pine, balsam, and a small per cent of hard wood, it is estimated to cut 1,000,000 feet of lumber. These lots are sit- uated on a good road and can be cut off summer or winter with a portable mill — the timber is large enough to cut off any time. Come and see them and be convinced. Railroad station and postoffice, Chester Depot, 2 V2 miles. Price $10,000. Address Chas. F. Howe. Qiiechee Farm of 2 acres all of which is suitable for cultivation. House, 30x40, in good repair, 9 rooms. This is an old-fashioned colonial house with 5 fire places and brick oven in good condition. There is a very good cellar under the whole house. Barn, 30x48, with cellar in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 3 cows and 2 horses. Supplied with spring water. Orchard includes Spies, Baldwins, Fameuse, August Sweets, Astrachans, pear and cherry trees and other fruit. TTiere are 2 5 butternut trees on the place. This place would make a fine summer residence. The scenery is very attractive and the celebrated Quechee Gulf is only ^/^ mile distant. Railroad station and postoffice, Quechee y2 mile. Price, $1,2 50; half in cash and balance at 5 per cent. Apply Elmer W. Weeden. Hartford Farm of 180 acres: pasture and woodland, 110; suitable for cul- tivation, 70. House, 32x42, with L, 24x38, in good repair; 16 rooms. 3 barns with cellar, in good repair. Fences in fair condition. 2 silos, with a capacity of 100 tons. Will keep 2 cows and 5 horses. Water supply from never failing springs. Orchard of 600 apple trees, 6 pear trees, also plums and cherry. Railroad station and postoffice, Quechee, 1% miles; telephone line passes through here. Price right for cash. Address H. A. Henderson. 120 Vermont Farms West Hartford Farm of 40 acres, on the main road, 10 miles from White River Junction, and 3 miles from West Hartford. The house contains 2 rooms and is beautifully furnished. It was built 2 4 years ago. The large barn containing all conveniences, is furnished in hard pine and was built 2 3 years ago. The property cost $2 5,000 and is offered for sale for $5,000. Address A. P. Reynolds, Box 113. Hartland Farm of 7 5 acres: pasture, 35; woodland, 10; suitable for cultivation, 30. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 24 x 32, with L, 18x30, nearly new, 14 rooms. Cow barn, 28x70; with shed attached, and cellar under the whole. New horse barn, 24x30. Fences in good condition. Silo, 12x22 with capacity of 3 5 tons. Will keep 2 cows and 2 horses. Never failing supply of water at house and barn. Orchard of 4 00 trees, 2 00 in bearing, including Northern Spies and other varieties; also grapes and pears in abundance. The farm is in first class condition. There is a sugar orchard of 1000 trees and 12 buckets may be hung. Railroad station, Hartland or Woodstock, 5 miles; postoffice, Woodstock, 5 miles; school Vz mile. R. P. D. and telephone. Price, $3,600. $1,800 cash, with the balance at 5 per cent. Apply George D. Bagley, R. F. D. 2, Woodstock. Hartland Farm of 16 acres: pasture, 3; woodland, 6; suitable for cultivation, 7. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2 00. House, 26 x 30, with L, 20x30, a one story house painted and in good repair; 7 rooms. Barn, 24 x 36, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condi- tion. Will keep 2 cows and 1 horse. Water at barn. Orchard of about one dozen trees. Snows and Spies. The farm is on a good traveled road from Hartland to Woodstock, nearly all the land is level, and the farm is in a good state of cultivation. Railroad station, Hartland, 3^/2 miles; postofRce, Hartland Four Corners, 1 % miles, where church and stores are located; school, V4. mile; R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1,800; $900 cash with balance at 5 per cent. Address George D. Bagley, R. F. D. 2, Woodstock. Ludlow (South Hill) Farm of 140 acres: pasture, 85; woodland, 15; suitable for culti- vation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $600. House, 25x32, with L, 18x30, in good repair; 9 rooms. There are 2 large pantries and 6 sleeping rooms. Barn, 40 x 70, with cellar, in good repair; other buildings include wagon shed, workshop, corn house, and sugar house. Over 300 buckets can be put out. The buildings are very con- venient. Fences in good condition. Silo with 100 tons capacity. Will keep 2 5 cows and 2 horses. A never failing spring supplies water to house and barn. Orchard of more than 100 trees; 30 Northern Spies, the rest Red Astrachan, Mcintosh Reds, Baldwins, Greenings, Pound Sweets, etc. This is considered one of the best farms in town. Railroad station and postofRce, Ludlow, 3 miles; R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2,800 cash. Address Charles H. Morgan, Ludlow. Norwich Farm of 200 acres: pasture, 75; woodland, 50; suitable for culti- vation, 75. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1,000. House, 28 X 38, with L, 18 x 32, in fair repair; 6 rooms. Barn, 30 x 40, with cellar, in fair repair. Horse barn, 20x40, with cellar. Corn barn, 18 x 20; hen house, 12 x 48; Shop or tool house 15 x 15. Fences in good condition. Will keep 2 cows and 4 horses. Suppl> of spring water. Windsor County Farms 121 Orchard of 7 5 apple trees of standard varieties and a few pear trees. Place 4 miles from Dartmouth College. Railroad station, Norwich, 3 1/^ miles; postoffice, Norwich, 3 miles; R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $1,800; $1,100 cash, with balance at 6 per cent. Address John H. East- man, White River Junction. Norwich Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 50; suitable for cultivation, 5 0. Es- timated market value of wood and timber, $1000. House, l^Vz x 40, with L, 25x27, in fair repair; 9 rooms. Barn, 40x36, with cellar, in fair repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 15 cows, 2 young cattle and 2 horses. Running water. A few fruit trees. The soil is a clay loam, with 10 or 15 acres loam meadow, and cuts 5 or 60 tons of hay. The farm was badly run down, but is producing more each year and its output easily can be doubled. The location is excellent and is only 1 mile from Dartmouth College. Railroad station, Norwich and Hanover, N. H., V2 mile; post office, Norwich, I/2 mile; R. F. D. route and 2 telephone lines go by the house. Price, $6000. Address E. G, Lord. Plymouth (Tyson) Farm of 54 acres: one pasture, 9; woodland and pasture, 34; suitable for cultivation, 15. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $500. House, 32x26, with L, 20x16; 9 rooms, in fair repair. Barn, 30x26, with cellar, in good repair; hen house, 14 x 3 6. Fences mostly barb wire, in good condition. Will keep 3 cows and 1 horse. Water in house and barn. Orchard of 6 5 trees, including, Baldwins, Pippins and Porters. Part of the trees are common fruit. There are 2 summer hotels within half a mile; Echo Lake is only % mile distant; store and church V2 mile distant. There is a good market for eggs, butter and poultry at the sum- mer hotels, and Ludlow furnishes a good market for produce. Railroad station, Ludlow, 5 1/^ miles; postoffice, Tyson, V2 mile. Price, $800 cash. Address E. C. Manley, Tyson, Vt. Ponifret Farm of 150 acres; pasture, 60; woodland, 60; suitable for cultiva- tion 3 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100 0. The hard wood is estimated at 2 00 cords mostly maple, some basswood and but- ternut. House, 40x36, with L, 40x20, in fair repair; 7 rooms. Barn, 80 X 30, with cellar, in good repair. Horse barn, 30x20. Wire fences. Silo, with capacity of 7 5 tons. Will keep 2 5 cows and 2 horses. Run- ning water at house and barn. Orchard of 400 trees, many varieties mostly winter fruit. Railroad station, Woodstock, 6 miles; postofnce, Pomfret, also store, town hall and school house, ^^ mile; R. F. D. and telephone. Price $4000; $3000 cash, with balance at 5 per cent. This price includes stock and tools. Address Geo. W. Potter, Box 62. Poiiit'ret Farm of 240 acres: pasture, 160; woodland, 30; meadow, 5 0. Es- timated market value of wood and timber, $2,000. House, 30x27; L, 24x 24; 16 rooms, in good repair. Furnace, hot and cold water and bath room. Barn, 100 x 3 0, with cellar, in good repair. Corn house, wagon house and sugar house. All buildings clapboarded and painted. Fences in good condition, mostly wire. Farm will keep 30 cows, 3 horses. Never fail- ing water. Orchard of 100 trees, consisting of Greenings, Baldwins, Kings, etc. Sugar orchard, capacity, 1500 buckets. Nearly level mowing; hay all cut by machine. Railroad stations, Woodstock and West Hartford. P. O., Pomfret, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, including farm- ing tools and all sugar apparatus, $7,500; $3,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address George W. Harding. 122 Vermont Farms Reading (Hamniondsville) Farm of 5 acres: woodland, 1; suitable for cultivation, 4. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $5 0. House, 35x4 5, with L, 25 x 28, in good repair; 18 rooms; in the upper story is a hall, 30 x45. House lighted by electricity. Barn, 24 x 3 0, with cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 1 cow and 1 horse. Running water. A few fruit trees. Location is a pleasant one, on state road from Spring- field to Woodstock. Railroad station, Windsor, 12 miles; post office, Felchville, 3 miles. Price, $1,500; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Abram Finch, R, F. D., Felchville. Rochester Farm of 160 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 85; other acreage, 25; suitable for cultivation, 2 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,500. House, 34x2G; L, 40x15 1-3; 12 rooms in good repair. Barn, 67 x44, with cellar, in good repair; horse barn, carriage room, etc. Fences in fair condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 142. Will keep 15 cows, 2 horses. Spring water. Apple orchard of about 9 trees. Fine sugar place of 800 trees; sugar house. Railroad station and P. O., Rochester, % mile. R. F. D. and telephone. This is considered one of the pleasant- est locations in the White River valley, and would make an ideal summer home. Place is located on the main road following the river. Rochester is a thriving place and growing rapidly. Price, $4,500; $3,500 cash, balance at 6 per cent. Royalton "Jones Place" of 160 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 60; other acre- age, 40; suitable for cultivation, 4 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,500. House, 25x40; L, 20x30, with shed; 8 rooms, in fair repair. Barn, 30x50; cellar, in fair repair. Fences in fair con- dition. Silo; No. tons capacity, 2 0. Will keep 12 cows, 2 horses. Good water. Apple orchard of 5 or more trees; sugar orchard. Place not occupied now. Always owned by one family. R. R. station. South Royal- ton, 2 miles. P. O., Royalton, 1% miles. R. F. D. Price, $2,000; $800 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address William Skinner. Royalton The "Rix Place" of 200 acres: pasture, 80; woodland, 60; other acre- age, 60; suitable for cultivation, 6 0. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $4,000. Brick house, 30x40; wooden L, 20x40; 7 rooms in house and 3 in L; in fair repair. Barn, 30 x 60; cellar, in good repair. Fences in fair condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 7o. Will keep 4 cows, 3 horses. Good water. R. R. station and P. O., Royalton, 1 miie. R. F. D. and telephone. This farm has stood owned and occupied for 100 years in the name of "Rix." The most desirable location, and car- ries with it everything for making farming profitable. All farm work can be done by machinery. Price, $10,000; $5,000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Katherine Rix Skinner. Royalton Farm of 200 acres: pasture, 75; woodland, 75; other acreage, 50. 250,000 feet of timber, 1/2 mile to mill. 3,000 cords of wood valued at $6 per cord, market 1 y2 miles. House, 35 x 25; L, 35 x 20; 12 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 129x44; cellar, in good repair. Silo. No. tons capacity, 6 0. Will keep 30 cows, 3 horses. Water at house and barn. Fences in good condition. Orchard of 100 apple, 4 pear, 8 plum, 3 cherry trees; currants and grapes. Sugar orchard of 400 trees, all equipped. Very picturesque view from house. Farm adjoins the White river. Good neighbors. R. R. station, Royalton, 1 1/^ miles. P. O., 3 V2 miles. R. Windsor County Farms 123 F. D. and telephone. Price, $5,000; $4,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address M. A. and E. A. Daniels. South Royalton Farm of 175 acres: pasture, 65; woodland, 40; suitable for cultivation, 70. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $3,500. House, 38.9 X26.6; L, 24x16; L, 38.6x18; 12 rooms; in good repair. Two barns, 30x40, in fair repair; hen house, 52x13. Fences in fair condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 7 5. Will keep 2 5 cows, 4 horses. Pasture watered by brook. Running water at house and barn. Two good trout brooks. 100 apple, 7 pear, 5 plum and 3 cherry trees. 50 blackberry plants, 300 strawberry plants set last summer. Very early sugar iDush of 700 trees, equipped. Plenty of good shade around house. Church, store, and creamery at East Barnard, 1 Vz miles. R. R. station and P. O., South Royalton, 7 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price $3200; $2400 cash, balance at 6 per cent. Will sell with or without stock and tools. Ad- dress D. E. Sneden. South Royalton Farm of 3 acres, all suitable for cultivation. House, 31x25; L, 20x17; 8 rooms in good repair. Barn, 35x30; cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Will keep 2 cows, 1 horse. Spring water. About 50 graft apple trees in second year of growth. About 2 5 currant, 50 raspberry and 5 blackberry bushes. A good village farm for market gardening. R. R. station and P. O., South Royalton, 70 rods. Tele- phone. Price, $2500; $800 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address Earle E. Wilson. South Royalton Farm of 15 acres: pasture, 100; other acreage, 10; suitable for cul- tivation, 40. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1000. House 35x28; L, 20x16; 7 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 104x44; cellar, in good repair. Fences in good condition. Silo. No, tons capacity 5 0. Will keep 2 cows, 3 horses. Good water. Orchard of 3 5 trees. R, R, station and P. O., South Royalton, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Is in graded school district. This farm is one of the best farms in town. A good stock or milk farm. On good road. Price $3000; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address E. C. Martin. South Royalton Farm of 100 acres: pasture, 45; woodland, 30; suitable for culti- vation, 2 5. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $100 0. House, 30x35; L, 16x20; 9 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 30x40; in good re- pair; with lean-to for stable. Fences in good condition. Silo. No. tons capacity, 3 0. Will keep 10 cows, 2 horses. Good water. Orchard of about 2 trees. R, R. station and postofRce, South Royalton, 2 "^i miles. R. F, D. and telephone. A very pleasant place, on a good road, in the graded school district. Price, $1800; $900 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address E. C, Martin, South Royalton E'arm of 8 acres, all tillage land. House, 30x24; L, 24x14; 10 rooms. House shingled last summer, 1912; hard wood floors in dining room and kitchen; a good bath room with good supply of water; sewer to river; new furnace; good cellar under main part of house. Barn, 36 x 30; cellar; in good repair. All buildings newly painted. Silo, built two years ago, 2 feet deep, 10 feet in diameter. Place will keep 4 cows, 1 horse. R. R. station and postofRce, South Royalton, less than i/4 mile. Telephone. Price $3500; one-half cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address C. W. Cowen, South Royalton, 124 Vermont Farms Sharon Farm of 135 acres: pasture, 50; woodland, 50; other acreage, 35; suitable for cultivation, 35. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $1000. House, 28x32; 9 rooms, in fair repair. Barn for 8 cows and 4 horses, with bay; in fair repair. Will keep 8 cows, 2 horses. Fences in good condition. Spring water. Orchard of 6 7 trees; 5 common fruit, 3 Baxter, 1 Wolf River, 6 Bellflower, 2 Pewaukee, 1 Talman Sweet, 2 plum and 1 pear. Good sugar orchard. R. R. station, Sharon, 2 i/^ miles. P. O., Sharon, 2% miles. Price, $1600; $1000 cash, balance at 5 per cent. Address H. P. Batchelder. Springfield A four acre property: two acres suitable for cultivation. Land slopes to the south. House, 28x32; 8 rooms; built 3 years ago. Barn, 24 x 30; built 3 years ago. A modern house, with Dach, hot and cold water, fire-place, screens, storm doors and windows. Floors are of hard wood, linoleum and soft wood. Porcelain set tubs, toilet on first floor, set bowls in two chambers. Electric lights in all buildings. Place will keep 1 cow, 1 horse. Fences in good condition. Spring water. Orchard of about a dozen bearing trees, 7 5 small apple and cherry trees. Ice house. Hen houses and pens for 2 00 birds. Incubator house with 1200 egg Can- dee hot water incubator. Brooder house for 1400 small chicks, hot water heat; poultry, stock and tools if wanted. House up from road, nice view no dust. Black river runs next to highway. Boating on the Con- necticut river, 1 mile on the electrics. Also some black bass fish- ing. One-fourth acre each of strawberries and asparagus, a few berries, currants, etc. A fine place for party wishing to carry on small poultry business, or for a summer home. Good place for summer boarders. R. R. station, Charlestown, N. H., 3 miles. Property is situate on line of Spring- field Electric Railway between Charlestown and Springfield. P. O., Springfield, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. For further particulars, ad- dress D. S. Brownell. North Springfield Farm of 17 acres: all suitable for cultivation. 2 1/^ story house, 33 x 25; L, 39x21; 8 rooms, in good repair. House is painted, has piazza on two sides. Piazza on L from kitchen door. Good, large front yard. Barn, 30 X 4 0, with cellar, in good repair. Horse barn, 3 x 2 7. Workshop and wood shed, 2 x 2 9. Cow stable is in basement, stanchions for 8 cows; good box stall. Fences in good repair. Farm will keep 6 to 8 cows, 2 horses. Good water. Orchard of Greenings, Baldwins, Fameuse or Snow. On stage line to Gassetts. R. R. station, Gassetts, 3 miles. P. O., North Springfield, l^ mile. Price, $2,5 00; $1,5 00 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address Mrs. Emma L. Keith, 2 3 Whitcomb St., Springfield, Vt. Stockbridge The "Len Newell Farm" of 30 acres: pasture, 8 acres; woodland, 12; suitable for cultivation, 10. Plenty of wood. House, 20x26; L, 24x36; L, 18 X 24; 14 rooms, in good repair. Barn, 24 x 30, cellar, in good repair. Place cuts 8 or 10 tons of hay. Will keep 3 or 4 cows, 1 horse. Fences in good condition. Running water at house and barn. Orchard of about 4 trees, consisting of Duchess, Northern Spy, Pound Sweet, Baldwin, Tetos- kies, Williams' Favorite and other varieties. Excellent soil. Some gold in the sand along the river. Would make good place to keep boarders in the summer. R. R. station and P. O., Gaysville, 1 y2 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, including a quantity of wood and some other personal property. $1,400; $1,000 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Windsor County Farms 125 Stockbridge (Gaysville) Farm of 9 5 acres; pasture, 20; woodland 5 0; suitable for cultivation 25. Estimated market value of wood and timber $2,500; estimated 200 feet hard and soft wood. House 31x30; L, 60x21; 10 rooms in good repair; barns 41 x 30; 34 x 22; horse barn 44 x 30; cellar, in good repair, fences in good condition. Will keep 10 cows and 2 horses, running water in house and barns, about 5 apple trees nearly all grafts. R. R. station, Gaysville, 3 miles. Flag station. Riverside % mile. P. O., Gaysville, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price $2,200; $1,800 cash; balance on interest 5 per cent. This price includes some stock and farming tools, also household furniture. Address, John Schneider, Jr., Gaysville, Vt. Weathersfielcl ( Peikiiisville ) Farm of 160 acres: pasture, 60; woodland, 25; other acreage, 75; suitable for cultivation, 75. Plenty of wood and timber for use and re- pairs. 11/2 story house, 36x30; L, 1 story; 8 rooms, good repair. Two large barns in fair repair. Three hen houses and an ice shed. No. tons capacity, 60 or 70. Will keep 16 cows, 3 horses. Fences in good condition. Great supply of water. Grafted and common fruit. Farm is on road be- tween Windsor and Springfield. Springfield electric station, 6 miles. Milk and cream taken at farm. School team comes to farm every school day. Graded school. Farm is very level and easy to care for. Good soil with quick returns. Beautiful scenery; very desirable for a summer home. R. R. station, Gassetts, 6 miles. P. O., Perkinsville, 1 mile. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $2,800; $1,200 cash; balance at 6 per cent. Address Esther G. Diggins. Woodstock Farm of 200 acres: pasture, 100; woodland, 50; suitable for culti- vation, 50. Estimated market value of wood and timber, $2,000. Ma- chine worked fields. House, 32 x 48, 10 rooms, good repair. Barns, 28 x36, 26x46, 40x50, 30x40, 26x38, two cellars, fair repair. Silo, No. tons capacity, 10 0. Will keep 2 5 cows, 4 horses. Fences in good condi- tion. Water at house and barn. Orchard of 44 apple, 10 pear and 8 plum trees. Farm is situated on the Ottaquechee river, between Wood- stock, a thriving village, and Bridgewater, a manufacturing town. At Woodstock is an up-to-date inn which is filled with guests the year around, making a good market for farm produce. Stock and tools to purchaser if desired. R. R. station, Woodstock, 4 miles. P. O., West Woodstock, 3 miles. R. F. D. and telephone. Price, $6,000; $3,000 cash; balance at 5 per cent. Address Allen L. Minor. Woodstock Village property, with i/4 acre of land. House built about 8 years ago; is in excellent condition. Hardwood floors down stairs. Steam heat, electric lights, fine pantry and a large, handsome buffet sideboard built in the dining room. Cement cellar bottom. A nice vegetable cellar sepa- rate from main cellar. Bath room, with hot and cold water, upstairs. Toilet and running hot and cold water down stairs. House is situated on a corner commanding a pleasant view in all directions; gets the sunshine all day. Barn, 21 x 30, in good repair. Room for three horses. This property is within ten minutes' walk of all places of interest in the village. P. O., Vs mile. Telephone. Price, $5,000. Address Everett P. Ashley. Woodstock The C. E. Darling homestead, situated five miles from the beauti- ful village of Woodstock, Vermont; 3 miles from Hartland 4 Corners; 41/^ miles from the Central Vermont Railroad station, Hartland, Ver- mont. Cream gathered at door, free mail delivery, telephone connec- 126 Vermont Farms tions. V^ mile from school, good neighborhood with near neighbors. Plenty of work to be obtained at good wages. Six churches at Wood- stock, High school, Y. M. iC. A., fine market for all produce and best advantages. I Cottage house of eight rooms, large halls, pantry, woodshed and car- riage room. Barn, 42x50; also shed and corn barn; running spring water at house and barn and a good well. The farm consists of 4 5 acres, 18 of which is in tillage, 27 in pasture and woodland. Fine orchard with the best varieties of fruit; beauti- ful old-fashioned garden. Productive soil adapted for special or general farming. Unsurpassed scenery; good roads for teaming or auto- mobiling, one of the most attractive places in a rarely beautiful section. Price, $2000. For further particulars, address A. B. Morgan, Woodstock, Vermont. INDEX Page Agricultural Advisers 8 Agricultural Education 54 Agricultural Experiment Station 58 Agricultural Publications 65 Alfalfa 32 Apples ^'^ Barley 2 8 Bee-keeping •'^•2 Buckwheat 29 Corn 22 Crop Yields 16 Dairying 10 Farming, some Vermont examples of 60 Forestry 52 Hay 31 Horses "^3 Maple Sugar 33 Markets 36 Miscellaneous 59 Oats 2 7 Potatoes 2 9 Poultry '^0 Rye 2 8 Sheep 4 8 Small Fruits 41 Soils ^6 Swine ^ ^ Tobacco 3 3 Vegetables 41 Wheat 2 o INDEX TO FARM ADVERTISEMENTS Albany 1^3 Andover 11" Bakersfield (South) 91 Barnet (Passumpsic) ^^ Barton 1^3, 104 Bennington ^2 Benson 1 ^ ^ Bethel jlj Bomoseen (Lake) (Castleton) ^^^ Bondville (in Winhall) 8o Braintree ^^ Brandon j J^ Bridgewater . . .- • • - 11^ Bridport 1^ Bristol 'l Brookfield ^^ Brownington or oa Burke i no Cabot ^^l Cambridge ^^ Castleton " • ^^ ^ Cavendish 89 chaj-iotte ;;::;;::: :99, 100 Chelsea 118 Chester ^^^ Chester Depot ., - „ Chittenden Page Colchester v 89 Concord • • 91 Corinth 100, 101 Cornwall , 80 Craftsbury 105 Danville 86 Danville (West) 86 Derby 105 Dorchester Heights (Morristown) 95 Dorset . 83 Dorset (East) 83 Dorset (North) 83, 84 Dunimerston (West) HI East Montpelier 109, 110 Eden 94 Elmore 9 4 Enosburg Falls 92 Evansville (Brownington) 105 Fairfield 92 Fair Haven 107 Fairlee 101 Ferrisburg (West) 80 Gaysville (Stockbridge) 12 5 Granville 80, 81 Greensboro 105 Groton 86 Guilford 112 Hardwick 87 Hardwick (East) 87 Hartford 119 Hartford (West) 12 Hartland 120 Highgate 9 2 Highgate (East) 93 Highgate Center 9 3 Hubbardton 107 Huntington 90 Hyde Park 94 Irasburg 105 Isle La Motte 93 Jamaica 112 Jericho 9 Johnson 94,95 Leicester , 81 Londonderry 112 Ludlow (South Hill) 120 Lyndon 87 Manchester 84 Manchester Center 84 Marshfield 109 Middlebury (East) 81 Middletown Springs 107, 108 Milton 90 Monkton 81 Montpelier 110 Morristown 95,96 Newark 87 Newfane 112, 113 Northfield HO North Hero 9 4 Norwich 120, 121 Orwell g 1 Passumpsic (in Barnet) 85 Perkinsville (Weathersfield) 12 5 Peru g4 Plymouth (Tyson) 12 1 Pomf ret 121 Proctor 108 Putney 113 Quechee (Hartford) 119 Randolph 1 1 Reading (Hamniondsville) 122 Rochester 122 Roxbury 110 Royalton 12 2 Royalton (South) 123 St. Johnsbury Center 88 Saxton's River (Rockingham) 113 Shaf tsbury 8 5 Sharon 124 Sheffield 88 South Burlington 90 Springfield 124 Springfield (North) 12 4 Starksboro 82 Stockbridge 124, 125 Stowe 9 6, 9 7 Strafford 102 Strafford (South) 102 Sutton 8 8 S wanton 93 Sheldon Springs 93 Townshend 113, 114 Tunbridge 102,' 103 Underbill Center 90, 91 Vergennes 82 Vernon 114 Vershire 103 Waitsfield Ill Walden 88 AVallingford 108 Wallingford (East) 109 Waltham 82 Wardsboro 114 Wardsboro (West) 115 Waterbury Ill Weathersfield (Perkinsville) 125 Wells 109 Westf ord 91 Westminster 115 Westminster Station 115 Westmore 106 Williston 91 Wilmington 116 Windham 116 Windham (South) 116 Winhall 85 Wolcott 99 Woodstock 125, 126 I '4