F 144 
 .N6 T5 
 Copy 1 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE 
 CITY OF NEWARK. NEW JERSEY 
 
 •:• BY HERBERT THOWLESS * 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 itv Ttrtr 
 
 HERBERT U. TKOWUESS 
 
 ATTORNEY AT LAW 
 Room 807, Prudential Building 
 765 BPoad Sti»«et 
 flecuaPk, N« <^ ■ 
 
 THIS BooKlet is sent Witli t^e compliir^eiits of t^e ^nter. TUe introduc- 
 tory paragrapti on page 1 and ttie sKetc^es following ttie " Summary ■' at 
 tne top af page 24 Vere not v^ritten by me but by tl^e editor of tne Directory. 
 TYie statistical History Was originally preparsd for a Souvenir Edition of a 
 local newspaper, but by request of tne pUblisIiers arrangements were made 
 for printing tne article in tne 1902 edition of HolbrooK's Ne^.arK City 
 Directory. R few copies Were separately printed for private circulation 
 
 Herbert L. Tbiowless. 
 
 ^^^^^ v»^v* «^ wx uiicsc were ^ratenii mat tiie racTs tfius 
 collated and given to the public had been placed so ac- 
 cessible and in a publication that will never perish. 
 True it is that all of the Directories printed annually 
 are not preserved, but it is equally certain that all are 
 not destroyed. There are a number of files of the City 
 Directory of Newark in the city that are complete, and 
 many more that are nearly so. Those that are full are 
 almost priceless and cannot be purchased. It was with 
 the thought that they would be preserved for future 
 generations that the sketch herewith given was compiled 
 and included in this year's Directory. While it does not 
 occupy many pages it is full of facts and figures and will 
 be referred to, no doubt, by thousands, both now and in 
 years to come. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF NEWARK 
 
 NEW JERSEY 
 
 HERBERT L. THOWLESS 
 
 The first Newark City Directory, published sixty- 
 two years ago, contained a brief historical sketch of the 
 city, which has been read and re-read many times by 
 those interested in the founding and growth of the 
 place and all of these were grateful that the facts thus 
 collated and given to the public had been placed so ac- 
 cessible and in a publication that will never perish. 
 True it is that all of the Directories printed annually 
 are not preserved, but it is equally certain that all are 
 not destroyed. There are a number of files of the City 
 Directory of Newark in the city that are complete, and 
 many more that are nearly so. Those that are full are 
 almost priceless and cannot be purchased. It was with 
 the thought that they would be preserved for future 
 generations that the sketch herewith given was compiled 
 and included in this year's Directory. While it does not 
 occupy many pages it is full of facts and figures and will 
 be referred to, no doubt, by thousands, both now and in 
 years to come. 
 
mn 
 
 ^ ,f^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 <.^, 
 
 ■>^ 
 
 , ■ '? 
 if' . 
 
 l^^J. 
 
 
 v-^.^ 
 
 P. 
 
 ■•-r«n«). 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newaek 3 
 
 LOCATION. 
 
 Situated on west bank of Passaic River, about 9 
 miles westerly of New York City. Is in the northeast- 
 ern part of New Jersey, in Essex County, of which it is 
 the seat. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The city was settled in 1666 by parties from the 
 New England States. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 Newark was named in honor of an. English minister, 
 who was the tirst clergyman in the place and came from 
 Newark. England. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 The city had a population of 2-46,000 by the census 
 of 1900, and at the present time it is estimated to contain 
 260,000 inhabitants. The normal increase is from 6,500 
 to 7,000 per annum. In the past ten years the increase 
 Avas 35 per cent. 
 
 AREA. 
 
 The total area of the city is about 22 square miles, of 
 which 14 square miles is built up and the balance mea- 
 dow land. The city has a water front of 10 miles, in- 
 cluding the Passaic River and Newark Bay. 
 
 GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The government comprises the ]\Iayor, a common 
 council of 30 members, a board of education of 30 mem- 
 bers and numerous other boards and departments suit- 
 able for a city of its size. There are the usual city, 
 county and State courts as well as United States Courts 
 in the city. 
 
 RANK. 
 
 Newark is the largest and wealthiest city of Ncav 
 Jersey and ranks as 16th in the United States in popula- 
 tion and one of the leading manufacturing centres of the 
 country, being among the first four or five in that regard. 
 
 STREETS. 
 
 There are 225 miles of improved streets, that is, 
 flagged, curbed and graded. One hundred and twenty- 
 five miles are well paved and about 10 miles of streets are 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newakk 5 
 
 being paved annually at an expense of about $500,000 
 per year. Streets are from 50 to 150 feet in width. 
 Broad street, the principal street, is three miles long and 
 130 feet wide. :Market street, another main street, is 90 
 feet wide. The ordinary street is 60 feet wide. Many 
 of the streets start in Newark and run from 3 to 10 miles 
 beyond the city limits, but being continuous streets. 
 The resident streets are shaded by thousands of shade 
 trees. 
 
 SEWERS. 
 
 The sewerage system comprises between 181 and 190 
 miles of brick, iron and pipe sewers, which are being im- 
 proved and extended annually at a cost of many thou- 
 sand dollars. There are about 2,800 sewer basins. 
 
 WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 In the city limits are 255 miles of water mains for 
 fire and domestic use and for street sprinkling and fac- 
 tory uses. The water supply of the city comes from the 
 water sheds through two steel pipes, one 48 inches and 
 the other 42 inches in diameter. These water sheds, 
 lakes and reservoirs are about 22-30 miles from the city. 
 The entire water plant is owned by Newark and cost 
 $6,000,000 besides the value of the local pipes and storage 
 reservoirs. The average daily consumption is 25,000,- 
 000 gallons and the full capacity of the plant 50,000,- 
 000 per day. There are over 35.000 connections with the 
 street mains and some 2,300 fire hydrants in use. A new 
 storage reservoir is being built just outside of the city at 
 a cost of $550,000. The entire water plant of the city is 
 worth $10,000,000. There are over 12,500 meters at- 
 tached to the system. 
 
 STREET AND PRIVATE LI{;HTING. 
 
 The city streets, parks and city property are well 
 lighted by gas and electricity and many private dwell- 
 ings stores and factories are also lighted by electricity 
 and practically all buildings by gas. Many of the larger 
 factories, office buildings, stores and public buildings 
 have their ovni private electric lighting plants. In the 
 public streets and parks are 2,100 gas lamps and 1,700 
 electric lamps of 2,000 candle power each. 
 
HiSTOEicAL Sketch City of Newakk 7 
 
 TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 The city is well supplied with railway and street ear 
 facilities. Six lines of railroad pass through the city, 
 having 14 passenger stations, and give a train service of 
 from ^650 to 700^ passenger trains every twenty four 
 hours There are about 30 miles of railroad tracks m the 
 city limits. Newark is also well supplied with electric 
 street car service, there being 70 miles of track, with 
 cars running night and day to all points of the com- 
 pass, conveying to every city and town within a radius 
 of 20 miles, with two lines connecting with New York. 
 All the steam railroads are at w^ork elevating then- 
 tracks through the city at a cost of several millions of 
 dollars. The freight facilities are good, but are hardly 
 equal to the wants^of the people and great ^improvements 
 will be made within the next year or so. ' A number of 
 new' passenger stations are to be erected. 
 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 There are about 30,000 buildings in the city limits 
 and 1 000 new ones are erected every year. These build- 
 ings are of wood, iron, steel, brick and stone, ranging 
 from 2 to 13 stories in height. The Prudential Insurance 
 Company's buildings are worth $6,500,000 and the large 
 department store of Hahne & Co. cost $2,500,000. The 
 new city hall will cost somewhere near $2,000,000 and the 
 new county court house $1,200,000. Tiffany & Com- 
 pany's plant is worth $1,000,000. There are also many 
 churches, clubs, factories, stores, schoolbuildmgs, etc., 
 which have cost from $50,000 to $500,000. 
 
 CANAL. 
 
 The T^Iorris Canal passes through the centre of the 
 city but will probably be abandoned within a few years 
 and the route used for a railroad or large trunk sewer. 
 
 PARKS-CITY AND COUNTY. 
 
 The city is now well supplied with public parks 
 owned by the city of Newark and Essex County, those 
 • within the city limits being valued at about $10,000,000 
 ' The people of the city have also the use of the county 
 parks and the fine private parks at ^' Hutton Park " and 
 " Llewellvn Park." The total park facilities of the city 
 and county, both public and private, are much over -4,000 
 acres. In city limits 600 acres. 
 
THEODORE FRELINGHUYSEN MONUMENl 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 9 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 There are about 170 churches and chapels of all 
 kinds, nearly every denomination being represented. 
 A $1,000,000 Catholic cathedral is under construction 
 There also exist a hundred or more religious societies 
 connected with the various churches. Church property 
 is valued at many millions of dollars. 
 
 LODGES AND SOCIAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 The city is well supplied with numerous lodges, 
 secret orders and fraternal organizations. Nearly every 
 secret and beneficial order is represented by one or more 
 lodges. 
 
 ATHLETIC AND SOCIAL CLUBS. 
 
 There exists numerous clubs for athletic and social 
 purposes, including baseball, football, bowling, lawn 
 tennis, rowing, basketball, cricket, etc., and many gym- 
 nasiums. 
 
 POSTAL FACILITIES. 
 
 The United States Government has supplied us with 
 an efficient postal service covering the entire city, with 
 free deliveries from 3 to 6 times daily and 14 to 24 col- 
 lections from the street letter boxes. The total postal 
 force is about 300 men. The Post Office Building is 
 worth $1,000,000 and an extensive addition is being 
 made. The Custom House is in the Post Office Build- 
 ing, the city being a port of entry and also a port of im- 
 mediate entry, with usual staff of officials for the collec- 
 tion of customs and revenue. 
 
 TELEGRAPH AND TELEGRAPH FACILITIES. 
 
 The modern conveniences are ample for the needs 
 of the city. There are many and convenient public 
 telegraph stations and several hundred public pay tele- 
 phone stations. The two companies have 6,000 tele- 
 phone instruments in the city and are constantly adding 
 to their plant, having one main station and 2 branch ex- 
 changes. Many public and private plants and buildings 
 have private exchanges going entirely through their 
 buildings and plants or stores. The Fire Department 
 and Police Department have separate systems and tele- 
 phone instruments are in every public school and in all 
 city departments. 
 
10 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 MANUFACTURING STATISTICS. 
 
 On July 1, 1900, there were 3,335 manufacturing 
 plants in the city, having $104,155,803 capital invested 
 and giving employment to 50,000 wage earners. The 
 annual wages paid to these artisans is about $24,000,000 
 and the miscellaneous expenses over $10,000,000. The 
 cost of raw materials used is 557,097,000 and the annual 
 value of finished product is just short of $127,000,000 
 and increasing rapidly. The number of establishments 
 increased 34 per cent in ten years and finished products 
 36 per cent. The city is the centre of the fine jewelry 
 manufacture of the United States; also of patent enam- 
 elled leather, celluloid goods, campaign buttons and nov- 
 elties. In fact almost every article from a thing as small 
 as a pin to a Corliss engine is made here. There are 
 about 225 separate industries in the city. It is said of 
 a Newarker, that when he wants anything made, he goes 
 around the corner and sees it made for him. Hats, 
 shoes, harness, wagons, carriages, cut-glass, stained glass 
 windows, cutlery, clothing, printing, bookbinding, beers, 
 all kinds of metal goods, inks, engraving work, color 
 process printing are made in large quantities. Gold and 
 silver work is made by many firms, as well as the finest 
 watch cases. All kinds of tools and machinery are made 
 in large quantities and it Avould take many pages to cover 
 the industrial statistics of the city. 
 
 STORES AND SHOPS. 
 
 The city is well supplied with stores, shops and 
 places for the purchase of all kinds of wearing ap- 
 parel, household goods, and, in fact, anything that a 
 person could possibly want. There are many hundreds 
 of shops and six large department stores, of which Hahne 
 & Co. is the sixth largest in the United States, covering 
 13 acres of floor space, running 75 to 100 delivery wagons 
 and employing from 1.200 to 2,000 hands. Ten other 
 stores employ from 100 to 700 hands each. 
 
 THEATRES AND PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 Seven theatres furnish plenty of amusement. An- 
 other theatre is projected. There are a number of fine 
 halls for banquets and dances as well as several amuse- 
 ment parks. 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 11 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 The city is a place of private dwellings. Apartment 
 houses are few, tenement houses also few in number. 
 The Continental is the leading- hotel in the city. A ten 
 story hotel is projected. 
 
 OFFICE BUILDINGS. 
 
 Ample accommodations are provided in the various 
 office buildings for the needs of the city. The largest 
 buildings being the four owned by the Prudential In- 
 surance Company. These buildings are all about eleven 
 stories high. A number of other office structures range 
 up to nine stories. Other office buildings are projected. 
 
 INSURANCE, BANKS, ETC. 
 
 The city is one of the great insurance centres of the 
 country, being only exceeded by New York and Hart- 
 ford. It has 7 home fire and life insurance companies, 
 of which the Prudential ranks among the leading indus- 
 trial companies of the world and the ]\Iutual Benefit Life 
 is the fourth largest in the country. The fire companies 
 are strong for local ebmpanies but do not attract special 
 notice. Nearly every large company has either a branch 
 office in Newark or an agent located here. 
 
 There are 20 national, state, savings banks and trust 
 companies, all sound, well managed and with millions on 
 deposit and abundant reserve. The Howard Savings 
 Institution has in the neighborhood of 45.000 depositors. 
 
 The city has about 75 building and loan associa- 
 tions doing business within its borders. These are gen- 
 erally Avell managed and are a great benefit to their 
 members. 
 
 NEWSPAPER PRESS. 
 
 The press is large enough for the wants of the com- 
 munity. There are 2 Sunday papers, 2 English dailies, 
 1 German daily, with 12 weekly and monthly pa- 
 pers of all kinds, besides the city is well supplied with 
 the New York papers and all magazines and books daily. 
 Newspapers are delivered free throughout the city by 
 the newsboys, etc. 
 
 MARKET FACILITIES. 
 
 There is one public market owned liy the city. This 
 building and plaza furnish room for the sale of all mar- 
 
12 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 ket produce that is not sold directly in the retail stores. 
 The building and grounds are estimated to be worth 
 about $500,000. 
 
 BRIDGES. 
 
 There are 11 foot and railroad bridges crossing 
 the Passaic. These are mostly plain structures more for 
 use than ornament, there being no occasion for the con- 
 struction of fine bridges like the Brooklyn Bridge. 
 
 The various docks along the river front furnish 
 places for the unloading of all materials brought by the 
 schooners and coasting vessels. The river traffic is 
 heavy, amounting to many millions of tons annually, but 
 the city is not what is generally known as a sea port. 
 
 EDUCATION— PUBLIC AND PRIVATE. 
 
 Public and private education in Newark is carried 
 on in a liberal manner. The city provides an efficient 
 system of common schools, ranging from the kinder- 
 garten to the high and normal schools, fitting the youth 
 of the community for business, college or for teachers. 
 The free school system is divided into three groups, the 
 day schools, evening schools and summer or vacation 
 schools. The day-school system comprises 1 normal and 
 training school for the education of teachers; 1 high 
 school; 21 grammar schools; 53 primary schools, ^^^th 
 complete kindergarten system; 1 colored school and 2 
 ungraded schools. The enrollment in the normal school 
 is about 150; in th ehigh school 1,200; in the grammar 
 schools 8,350; in the primary schools 24,600, including 
 the ungraded, colored and industrial schools and in the 
 kindergartens 6,650, making th etotal number enrolled 
 about 47,000 pupils. The courses of study are broad and 
 liberal, and include sewing, music, drawing, physical cul- 
 ture and manual training. The courses in the high and 
 normal schools are unusually broad and cover every sub- 
 ject essential to a liberal education. The evening-school 
 system comprises the evening high school, 1 drawing 
 school and 9 grammar schools. The high school has an 
 enrollment of about 370, the drawing school of 700 and 
 the grammar schools of about 3,233, a total of 4,400 pu- 
 pils. Complete courses are provided for the evening- 
 school system, including lectures by able educators. The 
 summer or vacation-school system comprises 13 schools, 
 with a total enrollment of about 5,160. There is also 
 maintained in the summer months a number of play- 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 13 
 
 grounds. The city of Newark was the first in the United 
 States to establish summer schools, paid for from public 
 funds, the first schools being opened on July 12, 1886. 
 Boston opened a school in 1885 but it was supported 
 from private funds by an association. A fine technical 
 school is maintained for both day and evening classes. 
 The total number of pupils enrolled in all the free pub- 
 lic schools of the city is about 50,000. The city owns 
 48 school buildings and rents a number of annexes. 
 Plans are under way for the construction ot at least one 
 
 PRESENT COMMON COUNCIL CHAMBER 
 
 new building and additions to 7 others. The build- 
 ino-s, grounds, furniture and fittings are Avorth about 
 $3^000,000. There are employed over 1,000 teachers as 
 well as an efficient janitor force and clerical force for the 
 Board of Education rooms. The average annual cost of 
 the schools to the people of Newark is about $1,000,000. 
 Over $800,000 has been expended in the past few years 
 for additional new buildings, to say nothing of the large 
 sums spent annually for repairs to keep the buildings up 
 to a high standard.' $160,000 is to be expended during 
 1902. to increase the plant besides $50,000 for repairs. 
 The money spent on the schools is well expended. Be- 
 
14 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 sides the extensive free schools, there are numerous pri- 
 vate schools, many of them of high grade. The total 
 enrollment in all the private schools cannot be far from 
 9,100. Most of the private schools are small and there 
 are not many over 100 pupils each. Private Catholic 
 schools furnish accommodations for thousands of pupils. 
 The Newark Academy is the leading private institution 
 and is in reality a private high school. The various pri- 
 vate institutions furnish instruction ranging from the 
 kindergarten to preparation for college and business 
 life. There are maintained four commercial schools, 
 commonly called business colleges, a school of telegraphy, 
 schools of shorthand and typewriting, and schools for the 
 training of nurses are to be found in a number of the 
 hospitals. The total enrollment of pupils in the various 
 educational institutions of the city of Newark is about 
 60,000. 
 
 POLICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 An efficient police force is maintained by the city 
 and a large force of private police and watchmen aid in 
 guarding the lives and property of our citizens. The 
 police department of the city is well drilled and 
 equipped. It is governed by a commission of four men 
 appointed by the Mayor and removed from political con- 
 trol and its members hold positions during good behav- 
 iour. The force comprises about 388 men and women, 
 the latter the police matrons. There are five buildings 
 used for police purposes, 1 headquarters and -1 police 
 precincts. The executive head of the force is a chief, 
 who has under him 4 precinct captains, 15 sergeants, 12 
 roundsmen, 1 captain of detectives, 15 detectives, 8 driv- 
 ers, 5 matrons, and 321 foot, bicycle and mounted 
 patrolmen and others. There is also employed a sec- 
 retary to the commission, a surgeon, messenger and 
 stenographer. The detective bureau is well managed 
 and efficient and the bicycle and mounted men give good 
 account of themselves. The city is thoroughly equipped 
 with the latest police patrol and electric signal system. 
 This system Avas installed in 1890 and added to a year or 
 so later. The present equipment comprises -4 station- 
 house desks complete, four stable desks complete, 201 pa- 
 trol boxes, 207 sets of telephones and in use 16 signal cir- 
 cuits and 16 telephone circuits. The headquartesr are 
 equipped with private telephone exchange and connec- 
 tions with the station houses and city telephone service. 
 
HiSTOEiC'AL Sketch City of Newark 15 • 
 
 There are in use 1 large ambulance, 1 police van, and 7 
 patrol wagons that can be converted into ambulances 
 when necessary. Some 25 horses are required for the 
 mounted men and patrol service. The signal system 
 handled last year about the following calls : 425,000 ' ' on 
 duty " calls, 3,800 " wagon " calls, 1,300 " ambulance " 
 calls, and 525 alarms of fire, a grand total of 425,- 
 000 calls sent over the wires, not including the use of the 
 telephone system between headquarters and the precinct 
 stations. The number of arrests last year was about 
 6,100. The cost to maintain the department was about 
 $426,000. In addition to the city services, there are sev- 
 eral detective bureaus and others engaged in police work. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT AND FIRE PROTECTION. 
 
 If there is any branch of the public service in which 
 the people of Newark take pride, it is in the fire depart- 
 ment and salvage corps. This city is acknowledged to 
 have one of the most efficient fire services to be found in 
 any community, great or small, and we have a .just right 
 to be proud of its excellent record. The high praise re- 
 ceived from visitors and from the newspaper press within 
 the last few years testify to its reputation. Visitors 
 from parts of this country and from England, who 
 have examined the service, have testified to its merit. 
 The present fire department is a full paid force 
 of about 250 men, governed by a commission, and, like 
 the police force, protected from politics. The force 
 is under the control of the Chief Engineer, assisted 
 by a Deputy Chief and 2 Battalion Chiefs. The 
 manual force consists of the following, in addition to 
 the 4 chief officers : 23 captains of companies, 23 lieu- 
 tenants of companies, 16 engineers of steam engines, 1 
 superintendent of fire alarm telegraph, 3 telegraph oper- 
 ators, 1 assistant to superintendent, 1 superintendent of 
 repairs, 1 veterinary surgeon, 1 secretary to the commis- 
 sion, 1 stenographer, 2 linemen, and 169 firemen attached 
 to the various companies and detailed for other work. 
 The entire force is divided into 16 steam engine compan- 
 ies, equipped ■\\'ith 2 or 3 horse steam engines and 1 or 2 
 horse hose wagon or combination chemical engine and 
 hose wagon, with from 9 to 11 men ; 5 hook and ladder 
 companies, equipped with 3 horse truck and from 10 
 to 12 men, and 2 chemical engines, equipped with 2 horse 
 chemical engine and 5 men each. There are in service 
 and in reserve 21 steam engines, all new, rebuilt, or prae- 
 
16 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 tically new; 7 trucks; 10 combination chemical engines 
 and hose wagons; 7 hose wagons; 6 battalion wagons; 
 22 supply or exercise wagons; 2 telegraph department 
 wagons and 102 or more horses. There is in service and 
 reserve some 40,000 feet of hose. The department re- 
 quires the use of 24 buildings. The city is equipped 
 with the latest Central Office Gamewell Manual fire 
 alarm telegraph system, comprising the central office 
 outfit complete, including all the necessary electrical 
 apparatus for receiving, recording and transmitting the 
 alarms and testing machines, batteries, both storage 
 and gravity. There are 26 engine house outfits and 
 8 large street gongs, with 260 street and private alarm 
 boxes, all of which have the keys trapped in the locks 
 and are practically "keyless." Most of them are of the 
 improved " non-interfering " type. The entire force is 
 kept up to the highest state of efficiency and with the 
 new houses and additional men recently added and the 
 large amount expended to place the apparatus in per- 
 fect condition, the department was never in better con- 
 dition to protect the many millions of dollars and the 
 lives intrusted to its care. The cost to run the depart- 
 ment last year was about $310,000. , The force responded 
 to 666 alarms of all kinds in 1901, of which 548 were 
 " first alarms," 112 were " still alarms," 5 were " sec- 
 ond alarms," and 1 was a " third alarm." The esti- 
 mated loss was $307,000. The alarms A^"ere an increase 
 of 125 over the average for the past ten years and the 
 loss $146,000 under the average for the past ten years. 
 The loss per alarm last year was only $461.71 and the 
 per capita loss $1.18. One fire entailed $180,000 of the 
 total loss, leaving the balance to be distributed among the 
 660 odd alarms. 
 
 IMaintained by the fire insurance companies is a 
 sakvage corps, equipped with a force of 13 men, 2 fine 
 wagons and 6 horses. This company is located in the 
 centre of the city in the finest corps house in the United 
 States, and, taken as a whole, is a most efficient branch 
 of the fire service, responding to all box alarms and to 
 many telephone calls. Considering that the wagons 
 cover the entire city, the work performed is a credit to 
 the officers and men. 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 17 
 
 HOSPITAL AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE. 
 
 Hospitals and charitable institutions are plentiful 
 and are cared for and supported from private and pub- 
 lic funds. There are 9 public and private hospitals and 
 about 25 to 30 orphan asylums, homes and other charita- 
 ble institutions, each being equipped with a building of 
 more or less magnitude, besides many societies doing 
 charitable work to aid the poor and afflicted, which do not 
 have a separate building in which to carry on their work. 
 The city hospital is the largest and finest hospital build- 
 
 BROAD AND NEW STREETS-LOOKING SOUTH 
 HAHNE & CO.'S OLD STORE 
 
 ing in the State. It has accommodations for over 300 
 parents, is new and equipped with the latest appliances, 
 with fine training school and ambulance service. The 
 present building, ground and equipment could not be 
 duplicated for $500,000. Next in size is St. Mi- 
 chaels, with 250 beds. The other hospitals are St. 
 Barnabas, St. James, German, Babies', AVomen's and 
 Children's, Emergency, and Eye and Ear Infirmary, to 
 which should be added the Isolation Hospital, which is 
 really a branch of the city hospital. The leading other 
 charitable institutions are the Newark Orphan Asylum, 
 Home for Crippled Children, Foster Home, Newark Fe- 
 male Charitable Society, Krueger Home and Home for 
 Aged Women. A list of the hospital facilities would not 
 
18 
 
 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 be complete -without the addition of the main plant of the 
 Essex County Hospital for the Insane. While this is a 
 county institution, it is located in the city and should 
 be added to the list. This fine group of buildings 
 and grounds furnish accommodation for 600, be- 
 sides those cared for in the branch hospital at Over- 
 brook. Training schools for nurses are maintained at 
 the city, county and several other hospitals. The vari- 
 ous hospitals have beds to accommodate about 1,000 pa- 
 
 =11 
 
 1 
 
 fii:u'^i^9(E 
 
 
 BROAD AND NEW STREETS— LOOKING NORTH 
 HAHNE & CO.'S NEW STORE 
 
 tients, not including the county hospital, and the various 
 charitable institutions and homes care for a large number 
 of the unfortunate sick and poor. 
 
 HEALTH. 
 
 The Board of Health does efficient work in prevent- 
 ing the spread of disease, and by its aggressive methods 
 has handled contagious and other diseases and gotten 
 rid of so many unsanitary conditions that the health of 
 the city is improving all the time. The force under the 
 Board is composed of capable and intelligent sanitary 
 
HisTOEicAL Sketch City of Newark 
 
 19 
 
 police, inspectors and other employees. The Board is 
 known far and wide for its progressive methods. 
 
 LIBRARIES-PUBLIC AND PRIVATE. 
 
 The city owns and maintains an excellent public li- 
 brary The new building, recently erected, is a model 
 one and has few equals in the country. There are 
 upwards of 80,000 books on its shelves and under the 
 new librarian will be more useful than ever. The build- 
 ino- site and contents are worth about $650,000. ihe 
 fine' collection of the New Jersey Historical Society, lo- 
 cated in a good building in West Park Street, gives fa- 
 cilities to those hunting for ancient history. Its collec- 
 tion comprises 70,000 books, pamphlets and manuscripts, 
 many of priceless value. The Prudential Insurance 
 Companv Law Library in the Prudential Building, is a 
 fine collection of about 30,000 volumes of law books, to 
 which can be added the library of the Lawyers' Club m 
 the Post Office, a collection of nearly 10,000 volumes de- 
 voted to law. Then there are in the libraries of the vari- 
 ous public and private schools over 20,000 good whole- 
 some books suited to school children, which number 
 does not include the many thousand school text and ref- 
 erence books. In the city are many private law and gen- 
 eral libraries, some numbering thousands of volumes, 
 and among these collections may be mentioned the fine 
 statistical library in the actuarial department of the Pru- 
 dential Insurance Company, presided over by Mr. Fred- 
 erick Hoffman. This collection has no equal of its kind. 
 
 CITY home; 
 
 There is maintained at Verona, Essex County, a 
 home for wayward boys and girls. This institution is 
 supported from the public funds and provides a home 
 Avhere the incorrigible youth can be sent, where, under 
 the care of an efficient superintendent and corps of 
 teachers, they can be reformed and leave the home at the 
 age of 21 years, in good shape to begin the battle of life. 
 In this excellent institution they are taught farming, 
 • printing and other trades, and an excellent common- 
 school education is given. A series of new cottages have 
 been recently constructed and the home is now one of 
 the leading institutions of its kind in the country. 
 
20 HiSTOEiCAL Sketch City of Newark 
 
 COUNTY JAIL. 
 
 AVe are to be congratulated that it is not necessary 
 to be constantly enlarging the edifice for the safe keeping 
 of those Avho violate our laws. The County of Essex 
 maintains a jail in the city, which fills the needs of the 
 community and is kept in good condition and its unfor- 
 tunate inmates well and humanely cared for. 
 
 COURT HOUSE. 
 
 Little can be said about the present home of the 
 county and state courts and county officers. The pres- 
 ent building is to be torn down as soon as the new court 
 house is erected. The county is to spend $1,200,000 for 
 the erection of a building in keeping with the needs of 
 the county and one which will be among the finest of its 
 kind in the United States. 
 
 COURTS. LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The city is well supplied with the necessary city, 
 county, State and United States courts, and legal busi- 
 ness is conducted with dignity and dispatch. .There are 
 2 police courts of two parts each, 2 district courts; 
 County Circuit Court, Orphans' Court, Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas, State Supreme, both civil and criminal side, 
 branch of the Court of Chancery, and branch of the 
 United States District Court, all ably conducted by 
 judges and officials who understand their duty and per- 
 form it well. 
 
 The city maintains a legal force to look after its 
 business in the courts as elsewhere. The County of Es- 
 sex also employs legal talent to protect the interests of 
 the people and advise the officials when necessary. 
 
 CHARITY. 
 
 In addition to the hospitals and other charitable in- 
 stitutions, the city maintains a dispensary where the 
 needy may obtain medicine free and also a corps of 12 
 district physicians are employed to visit the sick who are 
 too poor to pay for medicines and doctor's services. 
 
 FINANCIAL OFFICERS. 
 
 The financial affairs of the city are entrusted to the 
 Comptroller. Auditor and Treasurer, who with a large 
 force of clerks have charge of the receiving and disburs- 
 ing of all the moneys used to run the city government. 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 21 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS CITY DEPARTMEXTS, ETC. 
 
 There are a number of city departments, boards and 
 bureaus that have charge of the cleaning, repaying and 
 repairing of the streets, sewers, docks, public buildings, 
 public lighting, construction and repair of bridges, build- 
 ings and other public works, the assessment of taxes and 
 other liens for paving and new sewers, the care of the 
 water supply and the collection of the revenue derived 
 therefrom, the control of the public liquor houses and the 
 licensing of the street cars, venders and the general en- 
 forcement of those laws which add to the comfort of a 
 community, 
 
 WEALTH. 
 
 The total value of real and personal property within 
 the limits of the city is from $275,000,000 to $300,000,- 
 000. Newark is among the leading cities of the country 
 for aggregate wealth, and while the city does not contain 
 many very wealthy men, on the other hand it does not 
 contain a large number of the very poor. It is 
 known that there are some 38 or 40 individuals and 
 undivided estates that are valued at a million dollars and 
 over and many others from $500,000 to $1,000,000. The 
 property owned by the city is valued at between $25,- 
 000,000* and $30,000,000. 
 
 DEBT. 
 
 The net debt of NcAvark is $13,456,000 or about $51 
 per capita, and ample provision is made by sinking funds 
 to so take care of this debt that the various installments 
 will be paid off as they become due. After 1910 the debt 
 will be largely paid off and unless something unforseen 
 takes place, \^dthin a few years we shall find our debt 
 much less than at present and many millions will have 
 been spent in improvements. 
 
 RECELPTS AND EXPENDITURES. 
 
 In 1901 the city received from all sources $4,950,- 
 653.43, of which $2,536,557.64 Avas appropriated by the 
 tax levy, $427,140.00 was received from the school fund, 
 $889,995.63 from the water rents, $467,746.22 from the 
 contingent fund, $107,012.00 for the new city home, 
 $205,839.63 from street pavings and the balance from 
 some 20 dift'erent sources. The disbursements were $4,- 
 324,226.97 and there was a balance on hand of $626,- 
 
22 Historical Sketch City of Xewabk 
 
 426.04. The leading disbursements, including construc- 
 tion and maintenance, were for the city home, $117,- 
 444.53; city hospital, $62,366.42; collecting taxes, $57,- 
 268.57; fire department, $308,165.11; free library, $40,- 
 585.00; hospitals, $16,500.00; police department, 
 $425,710.90 ; poor and alms department, $36,292.33 ; pub- 
 lic lighting, $202,946.02 ; public health $74,217.49 ; pub- 
 lic schools, $826,836.00; scavenger contract, $69,791.70; 
 cleaning and repairing sewers, $69,312.74; streets and 
 highways, $126,977.62 ; department of water, interest on 
 bonds, "etc., $788,943.85; contingent fund, $441,993.79; 
 sinking funds and interest, $465,513.50; repaying of 
 streets, $77,294.80 and the balance disbursed to 20 
 different boards, etc. The contingent fund amount 
 should properly be excluded as being merely cross entr- 
 ies, the amounts have been distributed among a number 
 of departments and the total is really included twice. 
 This would make the actual expenses somewhat less than 
 the figures given. Deducting the cross entries, the per 
 capita expense last year was $15.53. 
 
 PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 "Within the past few years many improvements have 
 been made in the city, among which may be mentioned 
 the following: city hospital (cost and value in each case 
 includes entire plant and is based on estimated cost to 
 replace the same if necessary) $450,000 to $500,000 ; high 
 school, $315,000 ; school houses, $500,000 ; fire houses and 
 appliances, $200,000 ; one police station ; free library, 
 $650,000 ; 50 miles of streets paved ; three public 
 baths; many miles of sewers and water mains; comple- 
 tion of water plant and final payment ; thousands of 
 meters attached to water mains; new city stables con- 
 structed and wagons and horses purchased. Post Office 
 completed, value $1,000,000. Over $2,000,000 spent on 
 new parks in city limits; 5,000 dwellings, stores, factories, 
 churches, halls, theatres, clubs, schools and other build- 
 ings constructed at a cost of not less than $30,000,000 ; 
 finishing of the fine $6,000,000 plant of the Prudential 
 Insurance Company and $2,500,000 store of Hahne & 
 Co. besides many minor improvements to existing plants 
 and city property. Never in the history of the city have 
 so many improvements been finished as in the past five 
 years. 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 23 
 
 PROJECTED IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 AVhile much has been done, much still remains to be 
 done. There are projected and under way. the follow- 
 ing improvements both public and private : New 
 city hall to cost between $1,500,000 and $2,000,000; 
 county court house, $1,200,000; elevation of railroad 
 tracks to cost some millions of dollars ; paving of 10 miles 
 of streets and improvements to sewers and water mains 
 and the construction of a $500,000 storage reservoir at 
 Great Notch. The placing of many of the telephone and 
 other wires underground and the construction of 1,000 
 more buildings of various kinds, including $160,000 
 worth of public schools. An addition to the post office is 
 now under construction. Several new office buildings are 
 projected, as well as another theatre, a modern hotel and 
 four or five railroad stations. The electric street car 
 company propose to add to the car equipment and to 
 construct another power house. There will also be the 
 usual improvement of the existing public and private 
 property to meet new conditions and to keep them up to 
 date. 
 
 IMPROVEMENTS DESIRED. 
 
 The various city officials have asked in their reports 
 for the following: A new manual training high school; 
 a mechanics art school; a number of additional school 
 houses; four fire engine houses; four hook and ladder 
 houses, with men, horses and machinery to equip them; 
 a water-tower ; 2 additional police stations and 100 more 
 men to the police force ; an emergency hospital and cen- 
 tral ambulance station; an isolation hospital; a conta- 
 gious disease hospital : more market facilities ; improve- 
 ments to the streets, sewers, sidewalks and water supply 
 and a large additional water main for fire purposes as 
 well as a modern fire-boat. Branch libraries are also 
 desired as well as $1,000,000 to construct parkways to 
 •connect the new parks, much of which would be in New- 
 ark; the drainage of the meadows and the purification of 
 the Passaic Rdver. 
 
 SUMM.iRY. 
 
 The above set of statistics is intended to cover all 
 that might be of interest to those persons who desire in- 
 formation respecting our city and as far as possible 
 every branch of the city government and the various 
 public and private services have been covered. No at- 
 
24 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 tempt has been made to get every set of figures down to 
 an exact basis but under each heading is given, in as few 
 words as possible^ the exact standing of the subject 
 treated, as far as information could be obtained in the 
 time devoted to the preparation of the article. 
 
 WALTER A. LAWSON. 
 
 The mode of heating houses is so very different from 
 that employed twenty-five years ago, and the absolute 
 necessity which exists for the careful application of re- 
 cent discoveries in this department is so very urgent that 
 a new profession called heating engineering has sprung 
 into existence. 
 
 It is a mistake to suppose that every plumber is a 
 heating engineer, for, although there is some affinity 
 between the two, they are as widely apart as are the car- 
 penter or mason and the architect. 
 
 A heating engineer is really a " heating architect " 
 and W'Orks on just as scientific lines and with just as 
 careful measurements of parts and adjustments as does 
 the architect of a building. He constructs his plans and 
 regulates his work wdth due regard to the requirements 
 of each individual case and carefully superintends its 
 construction so that the sanitary conditions will be made 
 as complete as possible. 
 
 Mr. Walter A. Lawson, the subject of this sketch, is 
 very justly ranked as one of the foremost of modern 
 heating engineers. He was born in Canada some thirty- 
 six years ago, studied his profession in Detroit, Mich., 
 and came to this city in the year 1889 thoroughly 
 equipped for the work in which he is engaged. 
 
 Mr, Lawson is a student of the science of heating 
 and devotes his entire mind to its perfection, being en- 
 tirely wrapped up in the subject. 
 
 Conscientious, painstaking and thoroughly efficient 
 he may safely be relied upon to accomplish successfully 
 any desired result in the matter of sanitary heating and 
 ventilating. 
 
 Mr. Lawson is a heating engineer and devotes him- 
 self exclusively to the scientific arrangement and con- 
 struction of heating apparatus. 
 
 He has earned a very enviable reputation both as 
 an engineer and as a citizen. Upright, conscientious, 
 genial and obliging— a strictly honorable man and excep- 
 tionally proficient in his profession, he has made great 
 strides tow^ards popularity and success. 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark "25 
 
 Mr. Lawsou's place of business is at 93 Commerce 
 street, this city, where he can be eonsnlted at any time or 
 by appointment on the important subject of heating. 
 
 He is a member of the Builders' and Traders' Ex- 
 change. 
 
 H. BUCHLEIN. 
 
 The importance of engraving as a fine art cannot be 
 overestimated. Foremost amongst the exponents in 
 Newark of the art of engraving and die sinking we find 
 the name of H. Buchlein. 
 
 He came to this city in 1868, commenced business 
 in 1871, and one year later purchased the business of 
 Dodd Bros., at 787 Broad street, which has since flour- 
 ished to such an extent that he has been obliged to re- 
 move to more modern and commodious premises at No. 
 12 William street, the ground floor of which he occupies 
 as an office and workshop. 
 
 The success which Mr. Buchlein has achieved bears 
 ample testimony to the excellence of his work, which he 
 executes in a painstaking and Avorkmanlike manner. He 
 possesses all the facilities for satisfactorily performing 
 any commissions entrusted to him. 
 
 Special attention is given to die sinking, particu- 
 larly medal and embossing dies. 
 
 ' Mr. Buchlein is a man rich in mechanical and art- 
 istic ideas, possesses rare genius, has had a great number 
 of years of practical experience in every department of 
 the business, and has achieved an emnable reputation. 
 
 He is also extensively engaged in the toolmaking in- 
 dustry, for which he is fully equipped, having recently 
 added special machinery applicable to this particular 
 line. 
 
 His charges are uniform and moderate and his work 
 can be fully relied upon. 
 
 Mr. Buchlein is a citizen of whom Newark is proud. 
 
 JOSHUA BRIERLY. 
 
 Probably the best-known funeral director in this 
 vicinity is Joshua Brierly, ' ' mortuarian, ' ' the subject of 
 this sketch. He became the assistant of Mr. E. E. 
 Starrs, whose office was located where Peddie Church 
 now stands, about twenty years ago. 
 
 Three years later this connection was dissolved and 
 Mr. Brierly opened an office at 364 Broad street. He 
 attended strictly to business and in three years' time 
 
26 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 the business had increased to such an extent that he was 
 forced to move into larger quarters at 374: Broad street. 
 There he had an office and a large room which would ac- 
 commodate about twenty-five people, where they might 
 hold funeral services over the remains of their friends. 
 He had often felt that, in a grooving city like Newark, 
 it was necessary to provide a place where services could 
 be held for those who could not accommodate a large 
 number of persons in their own homes, and as there has 
 never been a week in which he has had no funeral on the 
 premises, and often could not accommodate the number 
 who came he again moved, on May 1, 1901, to still larger 
 quarters at 406 Broad street, corner of Grant street (op- 
 posite the House of Prayer). Here, at great expense, he 
 provided the best place of the kind in the State. 
 
 Fronting Broad street is a large reception room, 
 handsomely furnished, and which gives no hint of the 
 business conducted, besides which there is a general busi- 
 ness office and a private office. Behind the general office 
 is the mortuary chapel, carpeted and fitted with ma- 
 hogany seats for one hundred people. The platform, 
 which is enclosed by a brass rail, contains a reading desk 
 and two chairs. The whole is lighted by both electricity 
 and gas. There is also a private entrance on Grant 
 street. Two hundred people can be accommodated if 
 necessary by throwing open the reception room and 
 offices. 
 
 Mr. Brierly is abreast of the times in all other mat- 
 ters appertaining to the business and is deserving of 
 great credit for his enterprise. ]Mr. Brierly is also noted 
 for his vocal abilities, and he is a member of most of the 
 prominent orders in the city. 
 
 DAVID HARPER. 
 
 Mr. David Harper started in the brownstone busi- 
 ness in 1882. In about a year he entered into partner- 
 ship with Wm. F. Ehodes in the old brownstone quarry 
 at Parker street, near 5th avenue ; while working in this 
 quarry Mr. Rhodes was killed. In 1887 Mr. Harper 
 went in with Wm. Righter, in his brownstone quarry, 
 Clifton avenue, near Bloomfield avenue, under the name 
 of the Newark Brownstone Quarry, David Harper, pro- 
 prietor, he being the sole manager, paying Righter a 
 royalty. At this time he did a very extensive l)usiness. 
 At the end of about seven years, the stone being mostly 
 
HiSTOKicAL Sketch City of Newaek 27 
 
 quarried, he purchased a hirge steam shovel and tilled 
 in the quarry, which is now covered with beautiful resi- 
 dences. Then Mr. Harper took his lirother Andrew into 
 partnership, going' under the name of Harper Brothers, 
 and entered into the bluestone and general contracting 
 business, opening an office and yard at 120 North 11th 
 street, on the D. L. & W. R. R. In the year 1S95 the 
 partnership was dissolved, and since that time Mr. Har- 
 per has been carrying on his business alone. He has 
 laid bluestone in a large number of the towns and town- 
 ships of Essex, Hudson, Union, Morris and Ocean coun- 
 ties. Some of the principal streets that he has paved in 
 Newark are Orange street, from High street to East 
 Orange line, AValnut street, Lang street, McAVhorter 
 street, Lombardy street, Lombardy place, 3d street, Kos- 
 suth street, Summit place, Atlantic street. Ward street, 
 Lincoln avenue. Centre Market, Arlington avenue, Clif- 
 ton avenue, 1st street. All of these being granite block 
 except Lincoln avenue and Clifton avenues, which are 
 brick, and Arlington avenue, which was curbed and 
 flagged and a series of steps put in. He has put in a 
 number of very difficult sewers, among which was the 
 East Branch intercepting sewer, which amounted to 
 about $100,000. 
 
 He recently purchased the best dock in Essex or 
 Hudson counties, located at the corner of Bridge street 
 and the Passaic river, Harrison, where he is expecting to 
 more than double his trade, as his location will amply 
 supply all his needs at a much less expense. His ofifice 
 is at 800 Broad street. Newark, N. J. 
 
 He has this year entered into the manuracturing of 
 cement Inirial vaults, something that is entirely new and 
 worthy of attention. 
 
 JACOB PETER 
 
 Jacob Peter, a prominent business man, was born 
 in Newark, April 22, 1852, and is the son of Jacob and 
 Mary (]\IcFadden) Peter. His father was of German 
 parentage, born in Alsace-Lorraine. His mother was 
 the child of scotch parents, who removed to County 
 Antrim, North of Ireland. Mr. Peter's father and 
 mother, came to this country in early life. Jacob Peter, 
 Sr., came direct to Newark and went to work for States 
 Meade on Clinton place; later he located at Feltville 
 Mountain and engaged in the hay business until his death 
 in 1884. He was pioneer in hay dealing in New Jer.sey. 
 
28 HisTOEicAL Sketch City of Newark 
 
 and, up to the time of his death, did more business than 
 all the other dealers combined. Jacob Peter attended 
 the Newark schools and, at the age of 14, commenced 
 work in the hay business with his father. Four years 
 later he commenced the masons' trade, serving a regu- 
 lar apprenticeship. Subsequently he held positions in 
 the hay and grain business until 1884, when he engaged 
 in the contracting business. He is, to-day, one of the 
 best known and most successful contractors of Newark. 
 Among the prominent buildings of this city for which he 
 made the excavations may be mentioned the Prudential 
 Building, P. 0. Building, Cold Storage Building, East- 
 wood Building, Electric Light Building, Town Talk 
 Building, Empire Theatre Building, Mutual Benefit 
 Building, Howard Savings Bank Building and the Law- 
 yers' Building. He has also executed many contracts 
 in tearing doAvn old buildings, etc. At the present time 
 he is making excavations for the new Court House to be 
 erected in this city. 
 
 Mr. Peters' reputation for successful work has 
 placed him in a position with architects and builders 
 where he has become a recognized authority on figures 
 and requirements. He adheres closely to the plans and 
 specifications and executes his contracts promptly. He 
 employs large forces of laborers and carts and has every 
 facility to expedite his work and thus keep well in ad- 
 vance of his time limit. Mr. Peters also furnishes a fine 
 quality of gravel, sand and crushed stone to builders, 
 etc., the demand for which is steadily increasing among 
 the trade. 
 
 Mr. Peters is a business man of the most sterling 
 integrity and soundest judgment, the merit of which has 
 achieved him the greatest success. He is also very popu- 
 lar among his employees. 
 
 Mr. Peters' social life is one of deserved popularity. 
 His sound judgment and business experience makes him 
 advisor to many friends. He is an active member of 
 the Order of Elks. 
 
 THE CONTINENTAL HOTEL. 
 
 " There is but one hotel in Newark, i. e., one worthy 
 of the name. Tliis is hardly credible of a city of such 
 great commercial importance. Yet such is the case. 
 The Continental Hotel is the only first-class hotel in the 
 city ; but it is first class, and Newark need not blush for 
 their single hotel. 
 
HiSTOEicAL Sketch City of Newark 
 
 29 
 
 The Continental is a perfect exponent of the science 
 of first-class hotel keeping and enjoys a splendid pat- 
 ronage from both the traveling and the residential pub- 
 lic. It was first opened about thirty-three years ago, 
 since when quite a number of changes have occurred in 
 the proprietorship. 
 
 The late Mr. C. H. Bartlett assumed control in 1888, 
 in which year the hotel began a new era of prosperity, 
 which has been maintained with unabated progress up 
 to date. The business grew to such proportions that 
 Mr. Bartlett was unable to attend to all the details, and 
 
 sought to lighten the burden of the responsibility and 
 management by associating in partnership with himself 
 his son-in-law, Mr. Louis E. Cooke. 
 
 The firm became C. H. Bartlett & Co in 1890. 
 
 The late Mr. Bartlett was a native of Pennsylvania 
 and acquired valuable experience as a hotel keeper in 
 that State. He died December 15, 1901, and was 
 succeeded by his son-in-law, Mr. Louis E. Cooke. 
 
 Mr. Cooke, the present proprietor, is a bright, active, 
 enterprising young business man of cosmopolitan educa- 
 tion and experience, and has for years been closely con- 
 nected with Messrs. Barnum & Bailey's " Greatest Show 
 on Earth." Sells Bros. & Forepaugh Shows, and is gen- 
 
30 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 eral agent for Buft'alo Bill's AYild West Shows. He is 
 a gentleman of most genial disposition, always attentive 
 to the comfort and welfare of his guests, and in this way 
 makes their stay at the Continental homelike and cheer- 
 ful. jNlr. Cooke's connection Avith travelling shows neces- 
 sitates his absence from Newark the greater part of the 
 year, and during that time he intrusts the care and com- 
 fort of the hotel's guests to Mr, Charles J. Coon, whose 
 long experience in hotel managing makes him an able 
 deputy. 
 
 The hotel has very lately been remodeled and pre- 
 sents a handsome exterior and is most elegantly fitted up 
 throughout. 
 
 It contains every modern improvement and is thor- 
 oughly up-to-date, comparing very favorably with the 
 majority of hotels in the country. There are 100 rooms, 
 well ventilated and comfortable, while nothing has been 
 omitted to facilitate escape in the event of fire. 
 
 A large force of assistants is employed who are 
 trained to be polite, prompt and to give first-class service. 
 On the first floor are the office, baggage room, kitchen 
 and scullery; the dining room, comfortably seating one 
 hundred and twenty persons, and the cafe. 
 
 The cuisine has a high reputation amongst the best 
 classes, and all the delicacies of the season are to be 
 found on the table. 
 
 On this floor will also be found the telegraph and 
 telephone olSces and the cigar stand. 
 
 The hotel parlor occupies the second floor, the bal- 
 ance of which, as well as the upper floors, contains the 
 sleeping rooms en suite and single. Communication with 
 the office is had by bell calls and annunciators, hot and 
 cold baths are always available, and the other comforts 
 and conveniences combine to make the Continental what 
 it really is, the best hotel in Newark. 
 
 COLEMA^'S NATIONAL BUSINESS COLLEGE. 
 
 The selection of a business college in which to train 
 the minds of young folks and fit them for the struggle 
 of a business career is not by any means the least of a 
 parent's responsibilities. 
 
 All kinds of inducements are held out to the un- 
 wary—such as " short course," "low rate " and the 
 like— and it is often a very difficult problem to determine 
 upon a correct selection. But with the axiom in mind 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 31 
 
 that " the hest is the cheapest," the Coleman National 
 Business College of Newark, N. J., one of the most relia- 
 ble establishments in the United States immediately com- 
 mands attention. 
 
 No school can be better as regards accommoda- 
 tions, improvements, scope and character of edu- 
 cation imparted, rapid progress under a competent staff 
 of efficient teachers, and a fairly well-grounded certainty 
 of not only securing remunerative employment after 
 graduation, but also of being perfectly competent to 
 discharge the duties of any commercial position. 
 
 Other institutions lay claim to these points, but it 
 is certain that they exist in " Colemans," hence the 
 selection. It is better to be sure than to take assurances. 
 
 The Coleman National Business College was incor- 
 porated by an act of the Legislature of the State of 
 New" Jersey in 1876 and in 1888, the incorporators being 
 Hon. Marcus L. Ward, ex-governor State of New Jersey ; 
 Hon. F. W. Eicord, ex-mayor of Newark; Hon. T. B. 
 Peddie, ex-mayor of Newark ; Silas Merchant, Esq., presi- 
 dent Merchants' Fire Insurance Co.; S. R. W. Heath, 
 Esq., president Firemans' Insurance Co.; John P. Jack- 
 son, Esq., attorney-at-law, New^ark. 
 
 Mr. H. Coleman, the president, who gives his close 
 personal attention to all details, is a teacher of very high 
 attainments and possesses marked educational and ex- 
 ecutive ability, as well as a conscientious regard for the 
 full and faithful performance of all he undertakes to do. 
 
 Thousands of male and female students have found 
 positions through the Coleman College, which must be 
 regarded not merely as a fountain of information, but 
 also as a stepping-stone to position and competency. Not 
 only are principles and methods inculcated, but the prac- 
 tical application of these are taught in all their varied 
 forms. The currency and merchandise used in the 
 classes are real and every transaction is conducted as 
 though it was actual business, while all the students are 
 impressed practically with a keen discernment between 
 profit and loss. The student in the Coleman College is a 
 clerk, an accountant, bookkeeper or salesman while in 
 class, the transactions being so real that the student 
 actually feels that he is engaged in business rather than 
 in study. He is a retail or wholesale merchant, buying, 
 selling, receiving and consigning goods to be sold on 
 commission and joint account ; he is a broker, insurance 
 agent, real estate agent, and also performs the duties of 
 
32 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 the various offices of the bank; in a word he gets a full 
 training in the working of the various callings, and 
 after graduation is exceptionally equipped with knowl- 
 edge which fits him for almost any position to which he 
 may aspire. He is equally at home in all callings, his 
 natural ability has been developed, and he comes into the 
 business world not a shy and easily abashed school boy, 
 but a youth confident in his own fitness and fully em- 
 bued with all the elements of self-reliance. 
 
 The faculty is composed of teachers of wide experi- 
 ence, ability and acknowledged reputation. The halls 
 are spacious and well equipped, being fully supplied with 
 all the necessary modern appliances for carrying out suc- 
 cessfully this system of instruction, and are the best 
 ventilated and most healthy classrooms in the State. 
 Young ladies enjoy the same privileges and advantages 
 as are accorded to male students. 
 
 The curriculum includes the science of accounts, cor- 
 respondence and bookkeeping, English composition, or- 
 thography, penmanship, arithmetic, commercial law, 
 stenography, typewriting, telegraphy, etc. 
 
 For stenography and typewriting this is one of the 
 best schools of its class in the United States. 
 Students can always rely upon making rapid progress 
 here and are certain of acquiring a thorough business 
 education far superior to that afl:'orded elsewhere, al- 
 though obtained at a very moderate cost. Mr. Coleman 
 is a native of Whitehall, N. Y., and* at one time held the 
 very responsible position of principal of the Poughkeep- 
 sie Business College. He has had nearly forty years' ex- 
 perience in college work and is to-day one of the fore- 
 most and most systematic organizers in America. He 
 is delighted to receive visits from educators, parents, 
 and guardians and others interested in the future wel- 
 fare of the youth of the country, and is at all times 
 happy to explain his system and show evidence of the 
 success of his former students. This he regards as the 
 most convincing evidence of the merits of his tuition. 
 The college journal and annual catalogues will be mailed 
 promptly to any address upon application. 
 
 The college now occupies the entire upper portion 
 of the Straus Building at Halsey and Academy streets. 
 and is the largest business college in the State. 
 
Historical Sketch City oe Newaen 33 
 
 DRAKE & COMPANY. 
 
 Patent soliciting is an iportant business in a large 
 manufacturing city like Newark, and foremost among 
 patent solicitors is Drake & Co.. whose offices are at 172 
 Market street on the southwest corner of Broad. The 
 business was established in 1864 by Mr. Oliver Drake. 
 In 1879 Mr. Chas. H. Pell the present head of the firm, 
 became connected with the establishment. Mr. Pell is 
 a native of New York City, but on his mother's side is 
 a descendent 'of one of the oldest families of Newark. 
 His ability and success as a patent solicitor is generally 
 recognized. The firm gives careful attention to the 
 preparation and prosecution before the United States 
 Patent Office of applications for patents and trademarks, 
 reissues, copyrights, etc. They make careful prelimi- 
 nary examinations as to the patentability of an inven- 
 tion. They attend to cases of interference, appeals, and 
 to every other item of service necessary to the complete 
 success of an application and the establishment of a 
 patent. Messrs. Drake & Co. are ably represented in 
 Washington, D. C, and have correspondents in all the 
 principal capital cities of Europe. They give special 
 attention to cases before the United States Courts, and 
 their facilities for obtaining and defending both Ameri- 
 can and foreign patents are not outclassed by any prac- 
 titioners in the country. 
 
 NATIONAL STATE BANK. 
 
 The second oldest banking institution in the city 
 of Newark is the National State Bank, corner of Broad 
 and Mechanic streets, which was founded in the year 
 1812. The Council and General Assembly of the State 
 of New Jersey on the 28th of January, 1812, passed an 
 act incorporating "State Banks," at several tOA\Tis, in- 
 cluding Newark, and limiting the capital stock of the 
 State Bank at NcAvark to four hundred thousand dol- 
 lars, and appointed the first directors, William S. Pen- 
 nington, Aaron IMunn, Isaac Andrus, Oliver Wade, John 
 Ailing, Smith Burnet, IMoses N. Combs, Stephen D. Day, 
 Martin J. Ryerson, Abraham Ackerman, Isaac Pierson, 
 James Vanderpool and Job S. Dodd. The first meeting 
 was held on the 8th of February, 1812, when AYilliam S. 
 j/ennington Avas chosen president and Caleb S. Halsted 
 was appointed cashier. The lot on which the banking 
 house was built on the corner of Broad and Mechanic 
 
34 Hi^TORKAL Sketch City ( f Newark 
 
 streets was purchased from Liither Goble July 1-4, 
 1812, for twenty-eight hundred dollars and an additional 
 lot in the rear (on Mechanic street) was purchased from 
 Seth Woodruff November 9, 1813, for three hundred 
 and ten dollars. They immediately built upon the site 
 and on March 3, 1813, occupied their new building, 
 which had cost four thousand and twenty-five dollars 
 to build. The first dividend was declared April 1, 1813. 
 
 In 1868 the bank erected a new home on the site of 
 their old building, which at that time was considered 
 to be one of the handsomest and most substantial 
 office buildings in the city. In 1865 it received 
 its charter under the National Banking Act and 
 adopted its present designation. The bank conducts a 
 regular banking business, making loans and discounts, 
 receiving deposits, making collections, etc., having cor- 
 respondents in other large cities. The executive officers 
 of the bank are James F. Bless, president; Wm. Rock- 
 well, cashier, and Wm. I. Cooper, assistant cashier. In 
 addition to the first two mentioned above the Board of 
 Directors is as follows : John P. Jube, Marcus L. Ward, 
 E. Luther Joy, S. T. Willcox, Albert B. Carlton, W. 
 Campbell Clark, and William B. Kinney. 
 
 The following is the latest statement of the bank, 
 dated July 16, 1902 : 
 
 Resources : Loans and discounts, $1,245,909.76 ; U. S. 
 bonds (circulation), $50,000.00; other bonds, etc., $729,- 
 000.00; overdrafts, $184.82; due from reserve agents, 
 $442,608.65 ; due from other banks, $622,093.38 ; banking 
 house, $100,000.00; checks and other cash items, $42,- 
 678.98; specie, $137,383.05; legal tender notes, $12,- 
 060.00 ; redemption fund, $2,500.00 ; total, $3,384,418.64. 
 
 Liabilities: Capital stock, $500,000.00; surplus, 
 $250,000.00; other undivided profits (net), $159,462.00; 
 circulation, $50,000.00; dividends unpaid, $250.00; in- 
 dividual deposits, $2,345,565.89; due to other banks, 
 $79,140.75; total, $3,384,418.64. 
 
 This shows a prosperous state of affairs alike grati- 
 fying to shareholders and depositors. 
 
 THE NATIONAL NEWARK BANKING COMPANY. 
 
 The National Newark Banking Co. is the oldest bank 
 in the State of New Jersey and ranks among the highest 
 as to capital stock, surplus, and undivided profits and 
 in the aggregate of business transacted. It is an old and 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 35 
 
 time-honored institution, having been founded in the 
 year 1804 by the early capitalists and business men of 
 Newark, and from that time to the present day it has 
 ranked among the most solid and responsible institu- 
 tions of the State. 
 
 Their present commodious and well located offices 
 at 759 Broad street are to be remodelled and newly fitted 
 up, during which time they will occupy offices on Broad 
 street corner of Clinton st, now being fitted up espe- 
 cially for them. Their new offices, which will be located 
 
 BROAD AND BANK STREETS, 1856- 
 NEWARK BANKING AND INSURANCE CO.'S FIRST BUILDING 
 
 in the building they now occupy, will be fitted up in 
 modern style, provided with all requirements and con- 
 veniences for banking purposes. Recently the Newark 
 City National Bank united wdth it, increasing its capital 
 stock and resources and it is officered by the most reliable 
 and sagacious men from both institutions. The follow- 
 ing is their latest statement, dated July 16. 1902 : 
 
 Resources: Demand loans, $1,389,498.09; loans and 
 discounts. $3,578,185.71; U. S. bonds to secure circula- 
 tion, $100,000.00; stocks, securities, etc., $337,100.00; 
 
36 
 
 Historical Skeich City of Newaek 
 
 reserve agent, $1,052,246.74: due from other banks, 
 $463.037.82 ; cash and cash items, $488.868.67 ; Treasurer 
 U. S., $5,000.00 ; Banking House, $60,000.00 ; other real 
 estate, $74,275.00 ; total, $7,548,212.03. 
 
 Liabilities: Capital stock, $1,000,000.00: surplus 
 fund, $500,000.00: undivided profits, $515,013.12; cir- 
 culation outstanding, $99, 39/. 50; dividends unpaid, 
 $2,771.50; deposits, individual, $4,559,713.00; deposits, 
 banks, $871,316.91; total, $7,548,212.03. 
 
 This is a truly splendid showing which evidences 
 the fact that the bank is among the most solid and re- 
 sponsible in the State. The present officers of the bank 
 
 BROAD STREET FROM ACADEMY TO BANK STREETS 1865, 
 NATIONAL NEWARK BANKING CO.'S SECOND BUILDING. 
 
 are E. S. Campbell, president; David H. Merritt, \dce 
 president; Albert H. Baldwin, second vice president, 
 and H. AY. Tunis, cashier. The bank transacts a regular 
 banking business, making loans, discounts, receiving de- 
 posits, attending to collections, etc., having connections 
 in all principal cities. In addition to the above named 
 gentlemen, the board of directors is made up as follows : 
 James R Sayre, Jr., Charles 6. Rockwood, Eugene Van- 
 derpool, Jas. A. Banister, Fred'k Frelinghuyseu, H. T. 
 Brumley, Franklin ]\Iurphy, Jas.. P. Dusenberry, F. Wol- 
 cott Jackson, Samuel S. Dennis, James C. McDonald, 
 J. 0. H. Pitney, Edward L. Dobbins, Elias 0. Doremus, 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 37 
 
 MattliGAv T. Gay, James S. Higbee, James M. Seymour, 
 C. EdAvin Yoiing. These well-known names are entitled 
 to be regarded as synonymous of eonmiereial probity and 
 sagacity, and their connection with the bank gives it a 
 foremost position among the sound and well-managed 
 banks of the State, and insures an increasing and wider 
 range of usefulness in the future. 
 
 MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK 
 
 The Merchants National Bank is entitled to rank 
 among the best managed and reliable fiduciary institu- 
 tions of this State. Its career has been one of most 
 creditable charaetei;, alike conducive to the financial wel- 
 fare of its stockholders, depositors and customers. The 
 capital stock is $200,000.00 which is backed Avith a sur- 
 plus and undivided profits amounting to $220,000.00, a 
 very creditable showing. Their deposits and securities 
 and loans run into large amounts. The ]Merchants Na- 
 tional Bank was instituted in the year 1871. The presi- 
 dent at the present time is Edward Kanouse ; Joseph M. 
 Riker is vice-president and Jay S. Treat is cashier. In 
 addition to the above officials the board of directors in- 
 clude the following : Wm. A. Ripley, Jos. F. Sanxay and 
 John F. Dryden, prominent business men and capitalists, 
 assuring the fullest confidence. The bank transacts a 
 regular banking business, receiving deposits, making 
 loans, discounts and collections, and has reliable cor- 
 respondents at leading financial centers. This institu- 
 tion solicits the accounts of merchants, farmers, manu- 
 facturers and individuals, and places every legitimate 
 convenience and inducement at their disposal. The bank 
 has always been noted for its prompt and energetic, yet 
 conservative management and has done its full share 
 during its career toward the Avelfare and advancement 
 of the city. 
 
 NORTH WARD NATIONAL BAXK. 
 
 The eye of the stranger will be most strikingly at- 
 tracted by the elegant building in which the above bank 
 has its commodious quarters, and which stands unrivaled 
 among the business quarters of its section in Newark. 
 This bank was organized in the year 1873, and has man- 
 aged its affairs in a prompt and energetic, yet conserva- 
 tive manner, until to-day it ranks among the foremost 
 banks of the city. The following statement was made 
 
38 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 July 16, 1902, and shows the prosperous state of affairs 
 so gratifying both to shareholders and depositors and 
 which its directors should feel most proud of. 
 
 Resources: Loans, discounts and investments, $1,- 
 365,948.72 ; overdraft, $499.38 ; U. S. bonds to secure cir- 
 culation. $50.000.00 ; premium on U. S. bonds, $2.000.00 ; 
 banking-house, furniture and fixtures. $83,000.00; due 
 from banks other than reserve. $146.173.07 ; nickels and 
 cents. $727.67: National Bank bills, $18,112.00; ex- 
 changes. $38,710.43; cash items, $12,437.54. Lawful re- 
 serve: Specie, $50,168.75; legal-tender notes, $63,090.00; 
 redemption fund (5 per cent.) with U. S. Treasurer, 
 $11,500.00; due from reserve banks. $393,642.89. Total 
 resources, $2,227,010.45. 
 
 Liahilities: Capital stock. $200,000.00; surplus 
 fund, $100,000.00; undivided profit (net), $125,535.23; 
 National Bank notes outstanding, $49,500.00; di\ddend 
 unpaid, $20.00. Deposits: due to individuals, $1,451,- 
 779.88; due to banks. $300,175.34. Total liabilities, 
 $2,227,010.45. 
 
 The present executive officers of the bank are John 
 W. Lushear, president ; George Lane, vice-president, and 
 Spencer S. Marsh, cashier. The tw^o first named gentle- 
 men, in conjunction with Messrs. William Titus, Jos. 
 I\I. Smith, Wm. H. Lee. J. Ward Woodruff. Alfred F. 
 Bannister, Henry M. Doremus, Edmund F. Hartshorn, 
 John M. Breingan, Peter D. Smith, form the board of 
 directors. On ]\Iarch 1st last the bank added a savings 
 department for the convenience of its patrons, which 
 pays three per cent interest on money banked in this 
 department. The bank also intends instituting a new 
 burglar and fireproof vault within a few months, con- 
 taining small safes, to be rented to patrons who wish to 
 keep their bonds or valuable papers in a place secure 
 from burglars or fire and yet under their own keys. 
 When this is done the North Ward National may boast 
 of as full and complete an institution as exists in this 
 or other cities. Concluding, it may be said that beyond 
 question the influence of this institution has been of a 
 most salutary character and its work for good has ma- 
 terially enhanced the general prosperity and thrift of 
 the communitv in which it is located. 
 
Historical Sketch City of Kewabk 
 
 39 
 
 T. P. HOWELL & CO. 
 
 No doubt the widest known products of Newark's 
 many manufacturing enterprises is patent and enameled 
 leather, and one of the best known producers of this 
 article is T. P. Howell & Co.. w^iose factories are located 
 on New^ AVilsey, and Nuttman streets. This business was 
 begun by S. M. and T. P. Howell in 1840. at the corner 
 of^Market and Washington streets, where the firm re- 
 mained until 1848, wdien it removed to its present loca- 
 tion, which w^as at that time outside the city limits. In 
 1855 the firm was re-organized into the corporation 
 which carries the present name, and since that time the 
 establishment has become one of the largest in the world 
 in that line of manufacture. England, Germany, and 
 other countries are large consumers of this firm's 
 products. Extensive w^orks were also erected by the 
 company at Middletown, N. Y.. for the manufacture of 
 Russian and other leathers. ]\Ir. Howell gave to it his 
 personal attention, employing telegraph much the same 
 as the telephone is now used. 
 
 Upon the death of Mr. Howell December 3. 1878, 
 Samuel C. Howell succeeded him as the executive head 
 of the firm, which position he still occupies. His brother, 
 Henry C. Howell, was associated with him up to the 
 time of his death, which occurred January 11. 1900. The 
 establishment is one of the oldest in the world and its 
 product is recognized as "standard" among all con- 
 sumers. 
 
 S. E. M. RI( E. 
 Paint properly bestowed transforms that which is 
 ugly and repellant into something that is restful, beau- 
 tiful and satisfying. As all other things it varies in 
 ffrade and quality, and is possessed of transient or dura- 
 ble characteristics, and it goes ^dthout saying that its 
 cost fluctuates much as does its quality. It is true, how- 
 ever, that some houses, owing to the tact of its manage- 
 ment, superior facilities, etc., are enabled to give to their 
 customers a much higher grade of goods at the same 
 cost than others who are less fortunately circumstanced. 
 Such a house as is above described is S. E. M. Rice, hav- 
 ing its distributing warehouse at 554 Broad street. It 
 was established more than a half century ago. or. to be 
 precise, in the vear 1833. by the late John W. Rice, who 
 by his probitv'and liberality, built up a wholesale and 
 retail business second to none in the city. He was fore- 
 
40 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 most among the business men of the place until his 
 death in 1879, when he was succeeded by John W., his 
 son. The same principles that actuated the father were 
 perpetuated in the son and the business expanded with 
 the growth of the city. Eleven years later, in 1890, 
 John W. the second passed away, and ]\Irs. S. E. M. Rice, 
 his widow, continued the business, J. N. Hoff assuming 
 its active management. Under his able administration 
 of the firm's affairs the business has continued to pros- 
 per until the mention of paint at once associates with 
 it the name of S. E. M. Rice. The firm is progressive 
 and aggressive, and while it welcomes competition it 
 feels certain it will get its full share of business. It 
 handles everything in the line of paints, oils, varnishes, 
 brushes, etc. 
 
 DOONER & SMITH. 
 
 Dooner & Smith, 374-378 Mulberry street, occupy a 
 well located store at the above address, where they carry 
 a complete line of paints, oils, varnishes, acids, and 
 chemicals. This house does not deal in specialties of 
 any kind, but carries a large supply of tested and 
 world famed goods in its line. The firm is composed of 
 James J. Dooner and Albert J. Smith, both men of good 
 qualifications and character, and enjoy an extensive 
 patronage. Their trade covers not only Newark, but ex- 
 tends to the surrounding territory. The firm recently 
 built new buildings for their growing business and have 
 now veiy convenient quarters. The trolly line through 
 Mulberry street makes access to their store very con- 
 venient and adds to their transient trade. Messrs. 
 Dooner & Smith enjoy the full confidence of the com- 
 munity and their business is an important adjunct to the 
 business conveniences of the locality. 
 
 THE JAENECKE PRINTING INK CO. 
 
 The Jaenecke Printing Ink Co., of Newark, N. J., 
 whose factory is sitviated between Avenue B and Wright 
 street and Avenue C and Miller street, comprising this 
 entire block, 700x200 feet, is a corporation, incorporated 
 under the laM's of the State of New Jersey, with a capital 
 stock of $600,000. Mr. Edward Jaenecke, the son of 
 the senior member of the firm of Jaenecke Bros. & 
 Fr. Schneemann, in Hanover, is president and general 
 manager, and Mr.- Franklin Kissam is secretary and' 
 treasure!-. 
 
Historical Sketck City of Newark 41 
 
 The principal stockholders are the members of the 
 parent house of this firm, Jaenecke Bros. & Fr. Schnee- 
 mann, in Hanover, Germany, who have, besides their 
 immense plant in Hanover, a large factory in Moscow, 
 Russia, with branches in all the principal cities of the 
 Avorld. 
 
 The firm of Jaenecke Bros. & Fr. Schneemann was 
 founded in 1843, and introduced their inks in the 
 United States of America in 1870. The superiority of 
 these inks was quickly recognized by the printing fra- 
 ternity, and as a natural consequence a large and ever 
 increasing trade was built up, so that it became neces- 
 sary in 1892 to transplant the knowledge, the ability 
 and the experience of over half a century, and erect a 
 large factory in this country with all modern appli- 
 ances, for the manufacture of printing and lithographic 
 inks, dry colors and varnishes. 
 
 While the greater volume of their business is prin- 
 cipall}^ done in the United States and Canada, the de- 
 mand for their products abroad has extended their 
 trade to every part of the globe, wherever good printing 
 is done. The main office is situated in Newark, N. J., at 
 their works, while the New York office is located at 27 
 Rose street, and their Chicago branch at 351 Dearborn 
 street, 
 
 MILLINGTON & BRAD8HAW. 
 
 A successfvil firm of machinists, actively engaged 
 in the manufacturing and repairing of all kinds of ma- 
 chinery is that of Messrs. Millington & Bradshaw, Avhose 
 office and workshops are located at 69 N. J. R. R. avenue. 
 
 They also occupy the entire second floor at -47 Bruen 
 street, which connects with the rear of their Avorkshops, 
 and here they handle the Reeves Split Pulley and Shaw 
 Compression Coupling, of which two appliances they are 
 the sole distributing agents for this section. The Reeves 
 Split Pulley and the Shaw Compression Coupling are in 
 great demand, and become indispensible when once used. 
 They are of great value and are in general use through- 
 out Essex County and vicinity. The machine business 
 of Messrs. Millington & Bradshaw was established about 
 ten years ago and enjoys a large and growing patronage. 
 
 Homer R. Millington and James Bradshaw, the 
 owners, are both practical engineers and machinists, and 
 have a full and accurate knowledge of their business. 
 They make a specialty of manufacturing and repairing 
 
42 HrsTORicA.L Sketch City of Newark 
 
 leather machinery and have gained the confidence of 
 their customers by their intelligent and workmanlike 
 methods. They employ a large force of skilled me- 
 chanics, who work under their direct personal super- 
 vision. Their prices are reasonable, their work is care- 
 fully executed and their one aim is to give satisfaction. 
 Their polishing lathe, manufactured and designed by 
 themselves, from original plans, has met with great suc- 
 cess and has attained a large sale. Both partners are 
 residents of Newark and are highly respected for their 
 business probity and strict integrity. 
 
 THE AMERICAN P0RP018E LACE CO. 
 
 An industry which adds considerably to the im- 
 portance of Newark as a manufacturing centre is con- 
 trolled by the American Porpoise Lace Co.. of Summit 
 street, this city. 
 
 This flouishing concern was established in 1888 and 
 grew rapidly until it reached its present condition of 
 prosperity, which places it far ahead of all similar con- 
 cerns not only in America but throughout the entire 
 world. 
 
 The presiding genius of the industry is Mr. Philip 
 Goldstein, who, aided in late years by his son Leo, has 
 brought this important branch of manufacture to its 
 present pinnacle of success. He was born in Austria 
 and came to this country in 1865. He has been a resi- 
 dent of Newark for the past fourteen years and has 
 earned for himself, by strict probity and business recti- 
 tude an enviable reputation as an able and honorable 
 business man. 
 
 The factory, which was formerly located on Sum- 
 mer avenue near Crane street, now occupies a very 
 handsome modern building in Summit street near the 
 Morris Canal Bridge and is equipped with all the latest 
 improved steam machinery and appliances. 
 
 This machinery is unique and being exclusive to 
 this establishment, gives the firm decided advantages 
 over all competitors in the matter of quantity, quality 
 and price. 
 
 Mr. Goldstein enjoys the distinction of being the 
 pioneer in this line in the United States and can .justly 
 claim to be the founder of a prosperous business which 
 o-ives employment to over 150 hands in the manufacture 
 of flat and round leather shoe laces. 
 
Historical Skkich City of Newark 43 
 
 The output averages 1,500 gross weekly and is 
 shipped direct to the wholesale trade of the United 
 States, Canada, Europe and in fact the civilized globe. 
 
 At the Chicago World's Fair the products of The 
 American Porpoise Lace Company were awarded the 
 Gold Medal; and so superior were they deemed to be 
 over the other exhibits in their department that the 
 Committee on Awards decided to give no second prize. 
 
 Mr. Philip Goldstein and his genial son are re- 
 garded as popular citizens, honorable business men and 
 their industry is valued as a highly desirable addition 
 to the numerous manufactures of the American Bir" 
 mingham. 
 
 HEMMER BROTHERS. 
 
 Newark probably manufactures more different 
 kinds of articles than any other city in the United 
 States. It has only one office furniture factory, how- 
 ever, but that one factory is a great credit to our city. 
 
 This factory, which is now owned by the Hemmer 
 Bros. (Peter and Maurice Hemmer) was originally es- 
 tablished by their father, William Hemmer, at 375 Madi- 
 son avenue. New York, in 1850, where his success was 
 gratifying. In 1860 he removed to Newark and erected 
 a substantial plant on land which he bought at 29-31 
 Parker street. He made his own designs and perfected a 
 model for an office desk which he patented and manu- 
 factured for his own trade. 
 
 In 1861 his spirit of patriotism was aroused by the 
 Civil War. and on the 25th of August of that year he 
 enlisted in Company C, 1st Regiment, N. Y. Vol. Eng., 
 remaining with the company until November 23, 1863, 
 when he received an honorable discharge owing to 
 physical disability. The two sons, not to be outdone by 
 their father, also enlisted, joining the same regiment 
 as their father, Peter later being promoted to rank of 
 corporal for meritorious services, and Maurice becom- 
 ing a drummer boy, both serving until October 13. 1864, 
 when they were honorably discharged. After Mr. Hem- 
 mer, Sr., regained his health he resumed business and 
 met with splendid success. He continued in the factory 
 on Parker street, the sons joining him on their return 
 from the war, until October, 1870, when he removed to 
 the present extensive factory at Bloomfield avenue and 
 the Morris Canal. The business continued to increase 
 
44 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 and large additions to the plant were made from time 
 to time. 
 
 William Hemmer died January 17, 1881, and New- 
 ark thereby lost one of its most respected and valued 
 citizens, noted for his devotion to his family, his business 
 and his charitableness to his fellow-man. 
 
 The two sons who now conduct the business suc- 
 ceeded their father and assumed the firm name of Hem- 
 mer Bros. They have kept the product of their plant 
 up to date in every particular, the output comprising all' 
 kinds of office and library furniture from the most sim- 
 ple and inexpensive to the most elaborate. In 1882 they 
 invented an automatic combination lock which they use 
 exclusively on the desks they manufacture. The Hem- 
 mer Brothers are men whose reliability and business 
 acumen is unquestioned and their reputation is an envi- 
 able one. 
 
 P. & A. H. MURRAY. 
 
 P. & A. H. Murray, wholesale and retail liquors, 
 rectifiers, importers, 186 Market street. In the various 
 business of the city the above may be cited as one of 
 the most important of its kind in the State of New 
 Jers'^y. The business is also a long established one, 
 dating back to the year 1877, when it was originally 
 founded by Dennis Murray, a brother of the present 
 head of the firm. Later, upon the death of Dennis 
 Murray, the title of the concern became Murray Bros., 
 and a short time ago a dissolution of the old firm took 
 place and the eldest son of the founder of the business 
 was admitted under the above style. Mr. Peter Murray 
 has been at the helm as he is to"day since the death of 
 his brother Dennis, and is very popular among his many 
 friends. No cafe in the States can boast of a better 
 equipped establishment then the "old original house 
 of Murray's," as it is known. They carry a large stock 
 of all the leading and well-known brands in whiskeys 
 and other beverages, which they sell at the lowest prices 
 possible. They are known everywhere, and do a whole- 
 sale business as Avell. The brand of "superior grade" 
 could well be stamped upon all goods carried by this 
 house as they handle only those articles that have found 
 favor with the trade and public. Their trade is mostly 
 local, and their cafe, covering two stores, is elegantly 
 and conveniently fitted up. The firm stands well in the 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 45 
 
 community, each member enjoying the patronage of a 
 large number of friends which are among the best ele- 
 ment of the city. 
 
 GRAND UNION TEA CO., 101-103 MARKET STREET. 
 
 It not infrequently happens that a particular lo- 
 cality attains celebrity as the theatre of operations for 
 a special line of trade. This city has long been identi- 
 fied as a center for large retail establishments as well 
 as a manufacturing center. An enterprise to whose ef- 
 
 SAMUEL FRAUNFELTER.Supt. 
 
 forts this result is very largely due is that which is 
 known as the Grand Union Tea Co. The house whose 
 headquarters are at Pearl and Water streets, Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., was founded in 1872 and opened its branch store 
 in Newark in 1892. It deals exclusively in teas, coffees, 
 and spices, putting up a special brand of baking powder 
 and extracts of all flavors. The Newark branch is one of 
 160 branches and is also one of the most important. 
 Mr. S. Fraunfelter has been manager of the Newark 
 branch since 1895, having come here from Easton, Pa,, 
 where he served in another branch four years. The 
 business of this enterprise has increased materially 
 under the management of Mr. Fraunfelter, and at pres- 
 
46 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 ent about 25 agents do oiisiness from this branch with 
 about as many wagons delivering their orders. The 
 agent deals direct with the household ana takes care 
 of his own customers each week. The firm gives away 
 thousands of dollars' worth of premiums each year, in 
 the shape of souvenirs, valuable household articles, 
 toys, and other things too numert)us to mention. The 
 manager, Mr. Fraunfelter, is very popular among his 
 agents and trade, and is increasing his business each 
 year. 
 
 CHARLES E. MARTIN. 
 
 The art of the designer and sign painter is one of 
 the most delightful professions, requiring exquisite taste, 
 skill, and experience, and nowhere are these combined 
 to a larger extent than in the gentleman named above. 
 
 Cold Lette RING OiN Doors 
 
 &WIMD0W5. 
 
 Mr. Chas. E. Martin started in the sign painting busi- 
 ness about twenty-three years ago and has built up a 
 reputation in that time which he may well be proud of, 
 having earned the complete confidence of the entire 
 public. Mr, Martin does not do a cheap business, his 
 motto being the "Best only." He turns out the finest 
 work possible, and finds that good work, even though 
 more costly, is appreciated in the end and holds his 
 customers. He ships signs everywhere and manufactures 
 most everything in his line. His trade lies among the 
 better class of merchants, who want the best obtainable 
 in durability, quality, and artistic design, and in ]\Ir. 
 Martin they are generally satisfied. He has many 
 friends in this city and enjoys a large patronage. He 
 employs several men and has a spacious manufactory 
 for signs at 15 Division street. 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 47 
 
 MERCHANTS EXPRESS AND TRANSPORTATION 
 COMPANY. 
 
 Merchants Express and Transportation Company, 
 boat freight and express forwarders. This business was 
 originally established by Charles B. Matthews about 
 forty years ago. Mr. Matthews came from the country 
 to Newark in search of employment, and seeing the need 
 of a delivery Avagon for the merchants he purchased a 
 horse and wagon and commenced in a small way to do a 
 city trucking business. This venture pi^ovei very suc- 
 cessful and he branched out into a local express between 
 Newark and New York, which also increased under his 
 careful management until 1885, when it became neces- 
 sary for him to employ an assistant to help him manage 
 the business, having in service seven double wagons, four 
 singles, and twenty-six horses. He engaged Mr. J. H. 
 AYood as assistant manager in 1885, and for the next 
 ten years the business increased to such an extent as to 
 compel them to find other means of transportation. In 
 1895 Mr. Matthews organized an incorporated company 
 known as above, with a capital of $100,000. The plant 
 at that time consisted of one steamboat, sixty horses and 
 twenty-nine wagons. The business still increased, not- 
 withstanding the business depression which existed just 
 aiter the incorporation, and each year the company 
 added more equipment and greater facilities to their 
 already enormous plant. This increase of equipment was 
 paid for from the earnings of the business, which shows 
 the healthful foundation upon which it stands. At the 
 present time the company employs in its service four 
 steamboats, ninety horses and forty-five trucks. In the 
 fall of 1897 the transportation line was extended four- 
 teen miles further up the river to the City of Passaic, 
 and enjoys the distinction of being the only all- water 
 connection between that city and the port of New York. 
 In August, 1900, the company met witn a loss by 
 the death of Mr. Matthews, its founder and president. 
 The business has since been continued by Mr. J. H. 
 Wood, who had been so long associated with Mr. 
 Matthews in the conduct of the business and has helped 
 to build it to its present volume. Mr. Wood has a large 
 number of personal friends and is well liked by both 
 the public and his employees and the business will un- 
 doubtedly show as great a success in the future as it has 
 in the past under his careful and reliable management. 
 
48 
 
 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 GEORGE W. WIEDENMAYER, INC, 
 
 Geo. W. Wiedenmayer Inc., brewers of ale, lager 
 and porter. The name of Wiedenmayer has been known 
 in the brewing line in the city of Newark for about half 
 a century and the head of the present house of Wiedeii- 
 mayer was connected w'ith the old firm of C. Wieden- 
 mayer & Co., who were proprietors of the Hamburg 
 Place Brewery. When the old firm retired Mr. Geo. W. 
 Wiedenmayer built a brewery in New Brunswick, N. J., 
 and operated it until 1879, when he sold out his interests 
 there and came to Newark and built the present brew- 
 
 WIEDENMAYER BREWING PLANT. 
 
 ery. His business increased year after year, necessi- 
 tating the erection of new buildings, etc., and in 1896 
 he incorporated under the above style. Messrs. G. A. 
 Wiedenmayer and G. C. AViedenmayer, two sons, are 
 associated with him in the management of the business. 
 The plant is on South Market street and covers a large 
 space of ground. It is equipped throughoiit with the 
 latest and best of appliances in the way of brewing ap- 
 paratus and machinery, and every facility is at hand for 
 the production of a high grade product at a minimum 
 cost. The ales and porters made by this concern have 
 built up a reputation throughout this section for their 
 quality, purity, and excellence. No adulteration of any 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 49 
 
 kind is used and no ingredient forms part of the manu- 
 facture other than pure barley malt, high grade hops, 
 and pure water. 
 
 THE SMITH & LINNETT SHIRT CO. 
 
 The Smith & Linnett Shirt Co., manufacturers of 
 high grade and custom shirts, 46 Franklin street. This 
 business was 'Organized in 1856 by J. H. Kirkpatrick. 
 In 1872 Thos. Linnett, Jr., and in 1873 J. Wilbur Smith 
 entered the employ of Mr. Kirkpatrick as clerks. After 
 learning the business Thos. Linnett, Jr., in 1878, re" 
 signed his clerkship and formed the firm of Jolley & 
 Linnett. In 1884 Mr. Jolley retired from the business, 
 which was continued under the name of Thos. Linnett, 
 Jr. & Co., Chas. P. Marsh having been admitted as a 
 partner. In 1888 Louis Marbe became connected with 
 the firm, the name being changed to Linnett, Marbe & 
 Co. In 1890 Mr. Marbe and Mr. Marsh withdrew from 
 the firm and Mr. Linnett moved his business to Adams, 
 Mass., where he formed the Linnett Shirt Co. During 
 these years J. Wilbur Smith had acquired control of 
 the business of J. H. Kirkpatrick and in 1894 the Lin- 
 nett Shirt Co. and J. Wilbur Smith were consolidated 
 under the name of The Smith & Linnett Shirt Co., with 
 a capital of $75,000, with E. W. Jackson, president; 
 Thos. Linnett, Jr., vice-president; J. Wilbur Smith, 
 treasurer. On the death of Mr. Smith a few years later 
 the capital was increased to $100,000, and C. C. Bowen 
 of Brooklyn was elected president; Thos. Linnett, Jr., 
 vice-president and treasurer; F. D. Smith, secretary. 
 It has always been the aim of this company to do the 
 highest grade of work and they are now doing the 
 largest business of the kind in this city. 
 
 ELECTRO PLATING. 
 
 Under this head should deservedly be mentioned the 
 Newark Nickel Plating Co., situated at 38 and 40 Walnut 
 street, whose works are furnished with the most im-" 
 proved machinery and appliances for doing the largest 
 as well as the smallest work in electro-plating, which is 
 done in all its branches, in gold, silver, nickel, brass and 
 copper; also antique finishes, polishing and lacquering. 
 They also do refinishing of brass work of all kinds, such 
 as brass bedsteads, chandeliers, brass tables, and all 
 
50 Historical Sketch City of Newark 
 
 kinds of brass work, and metal goods, from table ware 
 to bank vaults, of which they make a specialty. 
 
 This concern was started 30 years ago as the NcM^ark 
 Nickel Plating Co., and later came under the control of 
 W. H. Bergfels, who in 1888 admitted his son Henry 
 into partnership. They are both natives of this city 
 and are exceedingly practical and expert men. They also 
 do metal spining of all kinds and manufacture brass and 
 iron goods of various descriptions. 
 
 The Messrs. Bergfels are also consulting platers and 
 furnish information on any matters in their line. Esti- 
 mates are furnished for entire plating outfits and gold 
 and silver and other plating solutions prepared ready 
 for use. They also do buffing and polishing. Call on 
 them for anything you want done and if they cannot 
 do it they will tell you who can. 
 
 FAIRLIE & WILSON COAL CO. 
 
 ■ In 1866 Mr. Wm. Fairlie started what has since 
 become one of the largest coal businesses in Newark, 
 he was located on South Orange avenue just above 
 Wicklift'e street, where he remained one year. He then 
 went to AVickliffe and Academy streets, and during the 
 ten years he was located there did a constantly growing 
 business. In 1876 Mr. T. J. Wilson became associated 
 with Mr. Fairlie and they moved their office to Sheffield 
 street and M. & E. R. R. avenue. 
 
 In 1890 the firm was incorporated and assumed the 
 present name of Fairlie & Wilson Coal Co., opening 
 offices at 492 Broad street, and built coal pockets on the 
 line of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Harrison, N. J. 
 liarge additions were made to the pockets in 1897, and 
 the total length of the trestle now is 700 feet, affording 
 100 pockets, and a storage capacity of 10,000 tons. A 
 spur from the P. R. R. connects them with all the coal 
 caiTying roads, so that they have every variety and kind 
 of anthricite coal, besides bituminous and cannel coal, 
 foundr}^ and crushed coke. The firm gives special at- 
 tention to family trade, deliveries being made by civil 
 and accouniiodating drivers in a prompt and cleanly 
 manner. Their facilities are such that they can com- 
 plete the largest order from any householder in one day. 
 The company makes a specialty of the various fuels used 
 for open fires. They furnish a large number of factories 
 with coal and also supply a number of smaller retail 
 
HisToKicAL Sketch City of Newark 
 
 51 
 
 dealers. They have several branch offices where orders 
 may be left, such orders receiving just as prompt atten- 
 tion as those left at the main office. 
 
 A. CYPHERS. 
 
 Wholesale and retail dealer in grain, feed, flour, 
 hay, straw, etc., 65, 67, 69 and 71 Nesbitt street near 
 Orange street. 
 
 ^/^' 
 
 •vt> 
 
 ^* ' "-j-^tcoRn ^' Raw ,, — «^ 
 
 L ' 
 
 4Ef '"^"ts? 
 
 :«v 
 
 o 
 
 This warehouse was erected by the present owner 
 and proprietor in 1893, and business commenced by him 
 in January, 1894. 
 
 The venture Avas entirely new to the community, by 
 an unknown party (formerly engaged in railroading and 
 other lines), and he fully realized that as against the 
 active competition then existing, permanent success 
 could be attained only by conducting the business in such 
 a way as to command the confidence of all patrons. The 
 realization of this purpose is amply proven by the fact 
 that in eight years it has grown from a small beginning 
 against great competition to sales of over $300,000 per 
 year. 
 
 The warehouse has capacity for 1,000 tons, ma- 
 chinery for elevating and cleaning grain and connection 
 by side track with Lackawanna Railroad, thus having 
 every facility for handling a large business at the least 
 possible cost. 
 
52 Historical Sketch City of Nkwaek 
 
 RYDER & COiMPANY. 
 
 This enterprise has heen in successful operation 
 since 1865, and is the largest and finest concern of the 
 kind in the city. It was founded by Mr. Seth B. Ryder, 
 who in 1880 admitted to partnership his son, C. A., the 
 firm name becoming Ryder and Company. In 1884 Mr. 
 Seth B. Ryder retired from business, and the operations 
 of the house have since been carried on by Mr. C. A. 
 Ryder under the old firm name. Having had many 
 years' experience in the business, this gentleman is 
 justly considered a competent judge of what the public 
 demand in perfect carpet-cleaning. The works occupy 
 an entire fourth floor at No. 22 Mechanic street, having 
 dimensions of 25x100 feet; they are supplied with tAvo 
 machines, which have the capacity for cleaning 2,500 
 yards per day. These machines will thoroughly clean 
 carpets of any size, regardless of length or Avidth; also 
 remove moths and all kinds of vermin without the least 
 injury to the most delicate fabric. Orders receive 
 prompt attention, and prices are extremely moderate, 
 as will be seen by the following scale of prices : Ingrain 
 and three-ply, 3 cents per yard; brussels and tapestry, 
 4 cents ; moquette and velvet, 5 cents ; wilton and ax- 
 minster, 6 cents. Carpets, while in possession of Ryder 
 & Co., are insured against loss by fire, while they are 
 stored and guaranteed against moths at 25 cents a rol 
 per month. Goods are called for and delivered in all 
 parts of the city free of charge. Carpets are fitted, 
 sewed, and relaid by experienced workmen. Communi" 
 cations by telephone No. 404 receive immediate atten- 
 tion and orders by mail or otherwise are promptly 
 executed. 
 
 TOWN TALK. 
 
 "Town Talk," edited by T. E. Burke and Herman 
 E. L. Beyer, was first issued in 1890 by AVilliam A. 
 Baker, but since July, 1895, has been published by 
 Messrs. Burke & Beyer. Three times, since these young 
 men took hold of it, has "Town Talk" been compelled 
 to seek larger quarters, and now at 832, 834 and 836 
 Broad street, with its own plant, it is conveniently situ- 
 ated, doing its own typesetting, presswork, and binding. 
 Job printing and theatrical programme publishing are 
 two other departments undertaken with success by the 
 ToAAQi Talk Printing Company. 
 
Historical Sketch City of Newark 53 
 
 J. C. CANNIFF COAL COMPANY. 
 
 Newark's many inanufactnring interests for wliicli 
 steam power is necessary makes the handling of coal one 
 of the most important business in our city. 
 
 One of the largest dealers in this commodity is the 
 J. C. Canniff Coal Company, of 199 Orange street. This 
 business was originally started by Daniel M. Wyckoff at 
 162 M. & E. R. R. avenue in 1869. In 1871 Mr. Jonas 
 
 C. Canniff acquired an interest in the business and the 
 firm operated as D. M. Wyckoff & Co. This 
 partnership continued until 1877 when Mr. Canniff 
 bought Mr. Wyckoff's share of the business. The firm 
 had in the meantime opened an office at 207 Orange 
 street, where J. C. Canniff remained for eighteen years or 
 until 18y5, removing a few doors to 203 Orange street. 
 The firm has again been required to move by the 
 
 D. L. & W. R. R., which is elevating its tracks at that 
 point, but as before the company moves only a step or 
 two, its new quarters being at 199 Orange street, corner 
 Sheffield. The firm's business has grown very rapidly 
 since its inception, owing chiefly to Mr. Canniff's close 
 application, until there are few dealers in our city 
 who equal them and still less that exceed the output of 
 this company. About the middle of last year Mr. 
 Canniff" incorporated the business, becoming president of 
 the corporation and taking in James B. Canfield as 
 secretary and treasurer, also Albert Canfield as vice 
 president. Mr. Canniff's son, Oscar D., holds a clerical 
 position with the concern. 
 
 The firm does a wholesale and retail business sup- 
 plying a large number of smaller dealers and enjoys a 
 very lucrative family trade. They handle all kinds and 
 sizes of coal, keeping it clean and dry, and deliver 
 promptly to any address. 
 
 ILLUSTRO ENGRATING AND ADVERTISING 
 COMPANY. 
 
 Among the minor industries of Newark, none 
 perhaps have gained a surer footing than the Illustro 
 Engraving and Advertising Company. 
 
 Begun fourteen years ago in a small way, it has 
 steadily advanced to a position of considerable import- 
 ance among our varied enterpriues, and now numbers 
 among its customers and staunch friends many of 
 Jersey's leading merchants and manufacturers who have 
 profited by their dealings with them. 
 
54 Historical Sketch City of Newakk 
 
 Their business, that of making "cuts," as the}^ are 
 comnioniy called, offers such a wide field for the display 
 of individual effort, skill and good taste that real merit 
 is sure to win and be appreciated, as it has in this case. 
 Always busy blowing horns for other people, the pro- 
 prietors have had little time for blowing their own, but 
 have been content to let their product speak for itself. 
 The sturdy growth the business has made speaks 
 volumes for the product. 
 
 The making of all sorts of cuts for the printers use, 
 from all sorts of articles and every conceivable object 
 and design calls for very close attention to business 
 detail, and the proprietors of the Illustro Engraving and 
 Advertising Company, being men brought np in the 
 business of photo-engraving from its infancy, are well 
 qualified to get the best results for the expenditure of 
 the least time and material. 
 
 They make it a rule to have every order whether 
 large or small always under their personal supervision, 
 and that fact together with their well equipped establish- 
 ment at number 60 Academy street, insures good results 
 in all work they undertake. 
 
NOV I'a lijo^ 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 014 208 640 2 I