tASnTHBD CUrCUI^AXIOK, 1^,000 COPUESi. I -| % % ______ H«e page 14 — Guide. COPY.TIQHT SECURED. -^GUARANTEE TRUSTS AND Safe Deposit Company, 316, 318 & 320 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. CJLIPIT-A-Xj, vfull paid), - - - :dj-,^^^-_^,000. Executes Trusts of every kind. Receives deposits of Money at I iiitrtst. Kents Safes, at ;f«j per year and upwards, in its 1' ire- and Uurgl.ir-Pruol V'auii*. (pr iccicU i>y bix ll.iii i/.iibic Cliruuomcicr liine Locks), winch a.c une(|ii.illed in comtriti lion, equifiment and firivacy. Receives for s:ifekecpiiig, under s^iirantte, Securities, Silver- ware and Valuables. Also acts as Registrar or Transfer Agent of Corporation Stocks. Send (it llliistrntcd Circular. THOMAS COCHRAN, President. EDWARD C. KNIGHT, Vice-Pres't. JOHN S. BROWN, Treasurer. JOHN JAY GILKOY, Secretary. RICHARD C. WINSHIP, Trust Officer. Thomas Mackellar, John J. Stadigcr, Clayton French, W. Kotch Wister, Aaron Fries. Thomas Cochran, Edward C. Knight, J. Barlow Muorhead, Charles S. Pancoast, Alfred Fitler. Charles S. Hinchman, William J. Howard, J. Dickinson iiergeant, T^o-n. Things You Ought to Know INQUIRE WITHIN, WHERE YOU WILL FIND Valuable ':^lJseful InfoFmation, AND A RELIABLE Shopping Guide. PHILADELPHIA : BURK & McFETRIDGE, Pt*diishe>'s and Prin/c^s, Nos, 306-308 Chestnut Street. A9 F COPYRIGHT, 1885, DV BURK & McFETRIDGE. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Press of Burk & McFetridge, 306-308 Chestnul St. A COMPLETE CBIDE 3-- TO Atlantic City CONTAINING, Among other Useful Information, a List of Hotels, their Capacity and Rates, and Leading Stores, WITH SHOPPING GUIDE. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. HOTKL GXJIDH. Albion Aldine Acme Argvle Ashland Arlington Atglen Brighton Berkeley Bellevue Bedioe's Bailey Colonnade Chester County House Clarendon Chalfonte Champion Chatham Central House Clifton Continental Dennis Dudley Arms Elberoii Edgewater Emerson Florida Haddon Hygeia Hecklers Jackson House Kentucky House Kuchnio's Lancaster Lansdale Leeds' Cottage Lynn Liddlesdale NO. OF SLKEPING .R00>IS 163 22 26 35 85 25 30 125 50 31 50 12 65 80 35 80 16 18 48 39 19 113 40 40 24 63 35 60 22 28 35 33 50 18 33 40 20 12 RATE I'F.R DAY 3 2 2 2 00 2 2 1 50 4 00 3 2 00 2 2 3 2 00 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 00 2 2 50 2 00 2 00 3 3 2 00 2 3 00 50 50 00 2 50 00 00 00 00 00 50 2 00 2 00 2 50 SEE PAGE 8 00 8 00 10 00 8 00 9 00 8 00 25 15 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 18 00 12 12 00 15 00 12 10 00 12 00 8 00 8 00 18 00 12 00 15 00 10 00 12 00 12 00 16 00 12 00 10 00 15 00 12 00 12 00 10 00 10 00 « 00 12 00 10 00 12 00 15 00 15 00 15 00] 15 00 10 00' 00 I 20 001 15 00' 12 00 15 00 20 00 50 I 16 00 ' 20 00| 00 I 12 oo; 18 OOl 12 OOJ 12 00 .30 00 15 oo! 20 OOl 15 00 15 00 18 00 20 00 15 00| 12 00 18 oo! 18 00 16 00 15 00 12 00 12 00 15 00 15 00 36 35 26 34 32 34 36 36' 34 29 34 31 36 36 36 36 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. HOTKL GUIDK. HOTEI^S — CONTINUED NO. OF SLEEPING ROOMS RATE PER DAY PER WEEK SEE PAGE Le Pierre's 20 51 200 20 50 24 60 40 60 75 20 38 80 40 15 29 40 24 84 80 35 60 32 75 100 150 117 48 250 60 35 85 16 43 35 56 21 24 2 50 3 00 3 00 1 50 3 00 2 00 2 00 2 50 2 50 3 00 3 00 2 00 2 50 2 50 1 50 2 00 2 00 2 50 2 00 3 00 3 00 3 00 3 00 2 50 3 00 15 00 15 00 18 00 18 00 21 00 10 00 15 00 4 00 10 00 8 00 12 00 12 00 15 00 12 00 18 00 15 00 18 00 8 00 15 00 10 00 15 00 12 00 15 00 9 00 12 00 10 00 15 00 12 00 20 00 10 00 12 00 18 00 16 00 20 00 15 00 20 00 15 00 10 OO 18 00 Margate 27 Mansion Mentone Mercer House Manhattan Metropolitan Merchants Malatesta's Ocean House 32 Ocean Villa 37 Penn Mansion Royal 33 Ruscurabe Radnor 37 Radcliff House Revere 37 Renovo 37 Stockton 28 Sea Side 25 Seabright Senate House Stafford St. Charles 2 50 2 50 3 00 5 00 2 50 3 00 3 00 3 50 2 00 2 50 2 00 2 50 3 00 2 50 2 00 2 50 2 00 2 50 3 00 2 00 2 50 2 00 10 00 18 00 16 00 18 00 25 00 10 00 14 00 18 00 25 00 10 00 12 00 12 00 18 00 16 00 25 00 10 00 15 00 10 00 15 00 10 00 12 00 18 00 20 00 12 00 16 00 10 00 15 00 Trayinore United States 30 Victoria Vermont Waverley Wilton Wellington Westminster 36 Willard Wetherill 35 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. Leading stores in Atlantic City. Hall & Caiiby Advertising Agents 20 Galbreath, T. M Apothecary 12 Wilson, C. B Art Store 23 Smith, H. H Baker 18 Kipple & McCann Baths 21 Wahl, J. C Boots and Shoes 11 Johnston, D Bottler .^.. 1* Ullmer, C. E Dentist .^. 16 Irvin, T Dry Goods 11 Albertson, J. V Fish 20 Edwards, S.& Son Florists 23 Grand Depot Furniture 16 Acker, Finley & Co Grocers 13 Ludwig, F. A House FuiTiisher 15 Ashland House Ice Cream 35 Adams, I. G. & Co Insurance 19 The Atlantic Laundry Laundry 22 Wolsieffer, J. H Library 17 Dungan Livery Stable 22 Eldridge& Burkard Meat 20 Wilson, R. H Milk 20 Johnston, D Mineral Water 14 Applegate Photographer 24 Eldridge & Burkard Poultry, etc 20 Adams, I. G. & Co Real Estate Agents 19 Ashland House Restaurant 35 Wilson, C. B Shell Goods 23 Wolsieffer, J. H Stationer 17 Champion, J. S Undertaker 22 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. CONTENTS. PAGE Atlantic City 13-21 Applegate's Pier 24 Bathing Rates 31 Boating Rates 31 Carriages and Horses for Hire 31 Helnibold's Jelly of Glycei^^K 14 Hotels (List of) and Rates 4-5 Illiistraion of Atl.intic City 10 Light House 33 Life Saving Station 35 Map of Atlantic City 6 Needles, Jas. Smith & Son's 38 Post OfTue Directory 23 Piers 37 Railways 35 Religious Notices 25-27 Stores, n he Leading . 7 Skating Rinks 37 Stained Class Substitute 9 Street Railway Cars 31 Theaters 33 Tide Table 29 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITV. Beautify Your Homes ^ WITH Stained Glass SUBSTITUTE It produces all the effects of the gen- uine glass that costs from 10 to 30 times the Price. It can be easily applied to old or new glass without removing the sash. Samples by Mail, 25 Cents. Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. W. C. YOUNG, Sole Agent, 731 Arch Street, - Philadelphia. lO GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. r GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. J. C. AVAHL, Cor. Atlantic and Yir^inia Avennes. THE LEADING Dry Goods House OF ATLANTIC CITY Nos. 1619 4^1621 Atlantic Avenue, Branch of N. W. Cor. 9tli & Washington Ave., Philada. UNDERWEAR. Ladies', Gents' and Children's Summer and Winter Goods always on hand. Dress Cloths and Cassimeres at Lowest Cash Prices. All leading makes of Muslins at Lowest Prices. Table Linens, Napkins, Towels, Notions, and Toilet Articles. We extend a cordial invitation to the ladies of this city and the sur- rounding country. Yours respectfully, THOMPSON IRVIN. 12 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. GALBREATH'S iDiionFainilYleiine Store DC o >- 2 The store is connected by Telephone with all prominent Hotels, and other places on the Island, also with Philadelphia and other prominent Cities. Articles of any kind not on hand will be ordered from City and delivered in the shortest possible time. Messenger boys on hand at all hours. Orders from Hotels sent for and delivered promptly. We request a visit to our handsome and thoroughly furnished establishment. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 1 3 ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. This gay city, so popular among all classes of society, has not only obtained its fame as a summer resort, but is also a great seaside city, where in every part of the year health and pleasure-seekers crowd the hotels and its famous beach. In summer the magnificent bathing, fish- ing and sailing attract thousands, whilst its popularity as a summer resort is almost equaled by its fame as a winter retreat. It seems to have been marked out by nature where all the forces needed for the constitution are centralized. The beach is fine; the surf-bathing famous ; the fishing and sailing superb. It is supplied with every con- venience that can contribute to the health and comfort of its inhabit- ants. The sewerage system is fgood, and the water is from fresh springs of the mainland, and is both pure and wholesome. There are many very handsome hotels and pretty cottages, which lend attraction to all comers. The whole of the buildings in Atlantic City are built entirely of wood with one or two exceptions, from the largest hotel with its tall towers to the smallest cottage or store, and in several styles of archi- COST OF LIVING IN ATLANTIC CITY. Seaside resorts are usually expensive places at which to live, and Atlantic City was at one time no exception to this rule. During the last two years, however, a decided change has taken place, and to-day Atlantic City is the cheapest summer resort in the United States. This is due, no doubt, to the indefatigable efforts of a firm known as Finley Acker & Co. This enterprising firm has a large Coffee Roasting and 'fea Establishment at 123 North Eighth Street, Philadelphia, and a Wholesale Grocery at 132 Market Street. To accommodate their numerous patrons who summer at Atlantic, they opened a branch house there about two years ago, and sold their goods at exactly the same prices as in their Philadelphia stores. Their Coffees and Teas had long before gained an extensive reputation for superiority, and it was not long before Atlantic City residents took advantage of their superior goods. Their coffee trade grew to such a magnitude that they contemplated roasting their coffees in Atlantic City ; but as it would have been impracticable to put in the elaborate machinery used in their Roasting Establishment in Philadelphia, they secured much better results by roasting it daily and shipping it €lown while warm, in air- tight cans. At the earnest request of their patrons they gradually added to their stock until now it embraces everything in the fine and fancy grocery line including the finest creamery butter and imported fruits and nuts. They have greatly enlarged their store (which by the way, is at 922 Atlantic Avenue, between Maryland and Virginia), and if you call on theru you will not only find them obliging anct courteous but will very likely save considerable money during the season. They offer a complete price list to each customer, so that their patrons know the exact cost of every article. 14 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITV. JELLY OF GLYCERINE AND ROSES FOR SUNBURN AND MOSQUITO BITES. Endorsed by Adelina Patti, Fanny Davenport, Adflaide Ristori. and others. HELMBOLD' S JELLY OF GLYCERINE AND ROSES. For Rcndcbino the SKIN SOFT and SMOOTH. AND AL- lAYINO SMARTING CAUSCO BY SUNBURN, AND ROUGHNESS RCSUIT' iNO fBoM COLD WINDS AND IMPURE SOAPS. DIRECTIONS-/»^«i^ TMcJciLr inMcoit.Tci.y Arrcn wuiua. acronr nt SMHu ae; A. L .HELMBOLD'S temple of pharmacy, Continental. Hotel, Philaoclphia gri5).gE;,fsl , A 1- _^ M 1 o H "T Originally Prepared 1882. A PREPARATION FOR ALL It never disappoints always pleases. You want it for Chapped Hands Chapped Lips, Sunburn, Freckles, Chafing, And all roughness of the skin caused by impure soaps, etc. FRICE, 25 CENTS. Originated and Prepared only by A. L. HelniDold, Temple of Pliarucy, CONTINENTAL HOTEL, 830 Chestnut St., Philadelplila. Sold by all Druggists. Trade Mark Reglitered. DAVID JOHNSTON'S Bottling •^ Establishment UFncE, LANbDALE IIOl'SE, NORTH CAROLINA AVE. ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. Mineral Waters, Sarsaparilla, Ginger Ale, Porter, Ale, Lager and Weist Beer, Brown Stout Porter, Seltzer, Appollin.iri! Water. ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 1 5 tecture, thus affording the house painter ample scope to display his abilities by applying the colors to suit the style of building ; this has been done in many cases in a very artistic manner by using the Ajax paint, manufactured by Howell & Co., of Race Street, Philadelphia, of which O. H. Guttridge, of 1003 Atlantic Avenue is the Agent. The United States Hotel has been newly painted with this paint, which not only gives the building a very pleasing effect but preserves the wood against the action of the weather. Atlantic .City has no particular characteristics. It stands entirely by itself ; as a seaside resort it combines all the advantages of other places without any of their extreme views. People can enjoy them- selves according to their own inclinations, as long as they remain within bounds. It is like one seaside resort without its beer and rowdyism —like another without its religion ; another without its temperance and cheapness, and another without its dissipation and extravagances. Here the extremely good come to be moderately bad, and the extremely bad to be moderately good, if they can. Pleasure no doubt does here reign supreme, still religion has not been forgotten, for every denomination has its place of worship. See pages 25 and 27. OHINA AND QUEENSWARE, CLASS, MAJOLICA, EARTHEN, TIN, WOOD AND WILLO"WWARE. Cutlery and Silveiware, Lamps and Lamp Goods a Speciality. All at Philadelphia Prices. All Goods warranted as represented. Estimates for Hotels and Cottages Cheerfully Given. Nos. 1907 AND 1909 ATLANTIC AVENUE. 1 6 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. C. E. Ulmer, D.D.S. (Surgeon Dentist.) Gas Prepared Fresh Daily N'vrht Calls Attended To. Office, 1 1 12 Atlantic Avenue, (Next to Mansion House.) SMALL PROFITS. QUICK SALES. THE CHEAPEST PLACE. THE BEST PLACE. TO BUY FURNITURE, CARPETS OIL CLOTHS AND BEDDING, GRAND DEPOT, ATLANTIC AVE., NEAR CITY HALL. Upholstering in all its branches. Carpels, Matting, Oil Cloth, etc., laid. Mattresses made and renovated. Veranda Awnings made to order. Furniture repaired and varnished. The Upholstering Department will be under the Mc management of Mr. J. C. Hoffman, formerly of No. 171 1 Atlantic avenue, and satisfaction is guaranteed. The Atlantic City GRAND DEPOT is the largest and best stocked house furnish- ing establishment in this part of the country, without any exception. BELL TELEPHONE No. 74. OSCAR PEIKERT. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. I 7 Although the student of botany will find in Atlantic City a very limited field for his studies, still, if he turns his mind for the time being to the study of human nature he will find here plenty to do. He c?in scarcely make a mistake as to the time of j^ear when he visits Atlantic City. If he likes crowds, let him choose the summer ; if he requires a quiet life, let hira visit some other seaside resort, or come here in winter. There is nothing in life like success, and so it is with Atlantic City ; its success is certain, for, thanks to private enterprise, backed up somewhat with the city's assistance, from a veiy small place a few years since, it has grown to its present vast size, and no doubt will keep on growing, its success is mainly due to its unacknowledged dis- tinction of class in society. The rich and the poor, the healthy and invalid are equally well received. All who are bound here for either health or pleasure will find themselves well suited. One of the chief features of Atlantic City is the BOARD WALK, which is nearly three miles in length ; it is built on piles on the beach, and affords a splendid promenade and .uninterrupted view of the sea. V^OLSIEFFER'S Circulating Library Now over 2j700 volumes, and new books added ever>' week. Visitors "and guests of Atlantic City, as well as the citizens, will be pleased to know of the opportunity to securf good and cheap reading at this the I^arif est Clrculatllis: I^itorary in tlie City, located in WOLSIEFFER'S MUSIC AND STATIONERY STORE, No. 1210 ATLANTIC AVENUE, Next to Post Office, where also a full line of KailCy GoodS, ]Soveltle8, Art Goods, at Philadelphia prices can be found. J. HENRY WOLSIEFFER, ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. i8 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. SMITH'S Atlantic Bakery ATLANTIC AND OHIO AVENUES. SOLE AGENT FOR The Great Food Flour It is the latest and most important advance in Milling, because it practically recognizes in its manufacturing processes and product, the supreme character and value of Wheat as a human food. Eminent scientists pronounce it "THE NOBLEST ADDITION TO THE FOODS OF THE WORLD." »t A WHITg c^ C^3 ._ y a'" ca MAKE CTD CTD CO BREAD EROM THIS FLOUR BAKED DAILY AND DELIVERED TO BOARDING HOUSES AND COTTAGES FOR 5 Cents per One lb. Loaf. OPEH ALL THE^ YEAR EXCEPT SUNDAY. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 1 9 The centre mile of the walk, which is opposite the city, well suits the mixed crowd that walks it from morning till night ; such a conglomer- ation of all classes of society cannot be seen in any other seaside resort in the world. The rich banker does not look down upon the shop boy he meets, and the boy thinks himself equally as good as the banker, for he feels the few dollars in his pocket that he has been so long scraping together to pay the expenses of this visit, and while he smokes his cigar (two for five) he thinks he is indeed doing the grand, and hopes before his week is up to leave, that some millionaire's daughter will take a fancy to him. All along this mile of walk are candy stores, photographers, bath-houses, ice cream saloons, skating rinks, tobacco- nists, and many other stores and enterprises crowded one on another. The last portion of the walk, that nearest the West Jersey Excursion House, is devoted to things on the cheap. Here you can have your portrait (?) taken eighteen for twenty-five cents ; the genuine Havana cigar, two for five, besides flying horses, combination shows and other amusements too numerous to mention here, and at night all around and overhead glare lights from electric, gas and naphtha lamps, amidst sounds of music from the piers and the beating of the waves on the I. G. ADAMS. C. J. ADAMS. ISRAEL G. ADAMS J CO. ^REAL ESTATE >^ AND INSURANCE AGENTS, 2031 llTLflNTIC AVENUE, BELOW MICHIGSN, ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. Hotels, Cottages, Bath Houses and Lots for sale or rent. Agents for the Chelsea Beach Company, South Atlantic City and Long Port. Farms and Country Residences for sale in Atlantic County, with good ocean view, turnpike, and near West Jersey Railroad station. Any corres- pondence promptly answered with full particulars. ao GUIDE TO ATLA^'TIC CITY. J. ». BALL. W. T. CANBT. HALL & CANBY, Hotel Advertising Agents FOR LEADING PAPERS IN Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburgh, New York, Albany, Wilmington, Chester, Williamsport, Harrisburg, Reading, Chicago and other places. 1630 ATLANTIC AYE., Times Building, ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. J. V. ALBERTSON, DEALER IN Fresh Fish, Oysters and Clams THE BEST STOCK IN MARKET ALWAYS ON HAND. TENNESSEE AVENUE, near City Hall, ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. ELDRIDGE &l BURKARD, DEALERS IN Meats, Poultry, Eggs, Butter and Game, CENTRAL MARKET, • COR. MARYLAND AND ATLANTIC AVENUES. All goods delivered free of charge. OYSXERS. PURE MILK ^^Pi AND CREAM from the choicest dairies u€''*'~"''lfltl delivered twice daily lo all of Xcw Jersey, H^fiSsH'St*^'"*^ l^r's ff 'he City. DAIRY, 1710* ATLANTIC AVENUE, Between Illinois and Indiana .Avenues, and at LEEDS' COTTAGE, ARKANSAS AVENUE, Below Atlantic .-Vvcnue. QUALITT GUABANTEED. R. H. WILSON, GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 31 beach, tlie crowd tramp on. No doubt some day someone will say the Board-walk is dreadfully common, and Mrs. Grundy will try to wipe it out, but till that day arrives let those who now visit it enjoy the inno- cent entertainments provided for them. HOTEL A>JD COTTAGE ACCOMMODATIONS are amply provided to suit the requirements of all that visit Atlantic City. On pages 4 and 5 will be found a list of hotels, their capacity and rates, and on other pacjes a full description of leading hotels and cottages that can be recommended. VISITORS WHO REQUIRE TO DO SHOPPING will find a complete list of business stores where goods can be purchased equal in quality and at as low a price as in Philadelphia ; these stores we can recommend, see page 7. For other information respecting Atlantic City, see Contents, page 8. ;^^ -im KIPPLE & McCANN'S HOT SEA-WATER BATHS. Complete in all their appointments. Robes for Surf Bathing. Open all the year. SEA-END OF OCEAN AYE., ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. 22 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. The Most Reasonable Undertaking Establishment in Atlantic City. JOS. S. CHAMPION, FUNERAL DIRECTOR furnishingTndertaker, Office, 1026 Atlantic Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J. Velvet Cloth-covered, Rosewood, Oak, Walnut and Metallic Burial Caskets furnished at the shortest notice. Bodies Preserved in Ice. The only one using the Ice Shipping Casket. Ready-made Burial Robes. The only Funeral Director that makes a specialty of conducting Funerals direct from Atlantic City to any cemetery in Philadelphia or suburbs. Satisfaction guaranteed. PERSONAL ATTENDANCE AT ALL HOURS. DUNCAN'S LIVERY STABLE, OFFUE AM) STABLES, REAR OF TAMMANY AND MANSION HOUSE. Horses and Carriages of Every Description to Hire at All Hours. Boarding Horses a specialty. P. 0. BOX 493. ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. The Atlantic Laundry 1505 ATLANTIC AVENUE. Our work will be done in a first-class manner and at Philadelphia prices. Collars and Cuffs a specialty. Goods delivered and collected free of charge. Clothes washed and rinsed in pure spring water. Prompt delivery guaranteed. P.0.B0XU27. C-A.Tme.i^3LiXj BI^OS. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 23 POST OFFICE DIRECTORY. MAILS ARRIVE — READY FOR DISTRIBUTION. From Philadelphia and all points "West and South ; New York and all points in Eastern States ; May's Landing and other local mails, 11.30 a. m. From Philadelphia and points West and South, and May's Landing, 6 p. ra. From New York and Eastern States ; local mails (New Jersey), 7.00 p. m. MAILS DEPART— CLOSE AT POST OFFICE. For Philadelphia and points West and South ; local mails, and New York and Eastern States, 6.40 a. m. For May's Landing 7.15 a. m. For Philadelphia and points East, West and South, May's Landing and local mails, 3.10 p. m. Post Office open from 6 o'clock a. m. to 8 o'clock p. m. Sunday Mails. — Arrive at 10.00 a. m. Depart at 3.50 p. m. Office open on Sunday from 11.00 a. m. to 12 m., and 3.00 to 4.00 p. m. Money Orders issued and paid from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. Letters and packages registered from 8 a.*toi. to 5 p. m. All mails from hotels and boarding houses must be at the Post Office twenty minutes before the time for closing the mails, as above stated. L. C. ALBERTSON, P. M. Fresh Cut Flowers Received daily directly from our own Conservatories. Designs of every description neatly executed at short notice. Flowers of the finest quality constantly kept on hand. Cor. North Carolina and Pacific Avenues, next to tlie Colonnade. DEVOUX EDWARDS, Manager. We have over one-half acre under glass at our place in Bridgeton, and have every facility for furnishing fancy plants and cut flowers. S. EID''7^.A.I2.333 tSo S03iT, IFroprletora. 4 Art Store C. B. Wilson, 1616 Atlantic Avenue. Novelties in finely Painted Sea Shells, Plaques, etc. Rare Shells for Cabinets. Lessons in Decorated Pottery. Artists' Materials. Branch of Wilson's Circulating Library. i4 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITV. APPLEGATE'S Double-Decked Pier AND Branch Galleries -^ ARE NOW OPEN — The Pier is nicely encJfesed with a tight roof, sash and glass, — perfectly safe from both wind and rain, — affording a walk over the waves of almost 1,200 feet on one of the most substantial structures on the coast, and will stand the weight of 20,000 people. Admission, Day or Niglit, to all Dedcs, 5 cts. Baby Carriages Free. The Fishing Deck can accommodate 500 persons, and is the coolest and most extensive concern on the coast. Our Galleries in connection with the Douhlc-Dcck Pier (and a Branch of our immense Galleries in Philadel- phia), is the most extensive Likeness concern at any sea- side resort in the world. Atlantic City by the Sea, Where thousands go to rusticate, And wishing first-class pictures made, In Crowds drop in to Appi.egate. Patrons of the Galleries admitted to the Pier FREE OF CHARGE. OUIDS TO ATLANTIC ClTif. H RELIGIOUS NOTICES. CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION, Atlantic City, N. J. Order of services from Easter, 1885, to Ash Wednesday, 18fc;6: Sundays- celebration of Holy Communion, 7.30 a. m.; Morning Praj'er, Litany and Sermon, 11. OO' a. m.; Sunday School, 3.30 p. m.; Clioral Service and Catechising, 4.00 p. m.; Evening Prayer, &c., 8 p. m. First Sun- day of the month — Morning Prayer, 10.30 a. m.; Litany, Sermon and Second Celebration, 11 a. m. Saints Days— Celebration of Holy Com- munion, 7.30 a. m. Wednesdays— Litany and Bible Study, 8 p. m. Fridays — Litany and Meditation or Instruction, 10 a. ra. Special notice given of Lenten and otber extra services. The church is on Pacific ave., west of Michigan. Open all the year. All seats free at every service. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Pacific avenue, corner of Pennsylvania avenue. Rev! William Aikmau, D. D., pastor. Preaching services on Sunday at 10.30 a. m. and 8 p. m. Sabbath School and Bible Classes, 3 p. ni.' Regular church prayer meeting and lecture Wednesday evenin g at 8 p. m. " GERMAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, corner of Pacific and Ocean avenues. Services every Sunday at 10..30 a. m. and 7.30 ■p. m. Sunday School at 2.30 p. m. "Prayer meeting Wednesday even- ing at 7.30 o'clock. Catechetical instruction Tuesday at 4.15. Rev. A. WT Fismer, past or ; residence, 26 West Maryland avenue. T. PAUL'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Arctic ave- nue, corner of Ohio. Rev. G. S. Meseroll, pastor. Preaching services Sunday at 10.30 a. m. and 7.30 p. m. Sabbath School 2.30 p.m. Prayer meeting on Thursday evening at 7.30. se:.a.side: koxjse:, Sea-End of Pennsylvania Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J. Situated on the highest point of ground in Atlantic City. F.^ci^g and in full view of the ocean Thoroughly heateci in Winter. Lighted with gas. Electric Bells, Billiard and Reading Rooms, etc. OPEN PERMANENTLY. CHAK.1,ES EVAN*. 26 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. The -> Colonnade ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. OP^BHSr _^I_,L THE ITEJ^I^. This house has been furnished with all modern improvements to insure comfort to those visiting the Seashore. Steam, Gas, Electric Bells, Spring and Hair Mattresses in every room, large and attractive Parlors, Billiard, Smoking and Sitting Rooms on First Floor. Hot and Cold Sea-water Baths in the House, Perfect Sewerage. Delightful location, convenient to all places of interest on the Seashore, and nearest first class House to Depots, only one block distant. The present proinietor having large experience in First-Class Hotel catering feels that he cannot be surpassed as a Caterer and the excellence of Cuisine. Those desiring to make special arrangements for Board or information concerning the advantages of Atlantic City over other Seaside Resorts as a Winter Sanitarium, will please apply at the Hotel, or by letter to NO BAR. C. C. LEFLKR & CO. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 27 RELIGIOUS NOTICBS—Contimied. FIRST M. E. CnURCn, Atlantic avenue above Connecticut. Eev. Jolm H. Boswell, pastor. Preaching every Sunday at 10.30 a. ni. and 7.30 p. m. Sunday school at 2 p. m. Prayer meeting Wednesday evening at 7.30. Teachers' Bible Study, Saturday evening at 8 o'clock. METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, corner of Baltic and Michigan aves. Rev. R. G. Patterson, pastor. Preaching Sun- days at 10.30 a.m. and {. J. OPEN ALL THE YEAR. FINE OCEAN VIEW. CONVENIENT TO THE BOARD WALK, RAILWAY DEPOTS AND HOT BATHS. P. O. Box 930. E. D. PARKINSON. 3° GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. h O m < CD Q h 2 b I— I ■^' -K, r^ CN Qi «o S: sc rs ^ ,: Q) GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 31 CARRIAGES AND HORSES FOR HIRE. Carriage with 2 horses, with driver, - . . $1 50 per hour. " " 2 " without driver, - - - 2 00 " " 1 horse, " "... 1 oo Cart « 1 i< u u ... 1 50 Saddle horses, 100 Carriages to and from R. R. Depot, .... 50 Street cars from Inlet to Excursion House, (West Jersey), along Atlantic Avenue, fare 6 cents. BATHING RATES, ETC. Hot Sea Water Baths, 50 cents. Three tickets for $1.00. Surf Baths, with bathing suit, 25 cents. Surf Baths, with your own bathing suit, 50 cents per week. BOATS FOR HIRE, According to size of boat and number of persons, from 25 cents to $1.00 per hour. H.A.DDON -HLQTJ&E, WINTER AND SUMMER, Sea-End of North Carolina Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J. JB GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. :^i^u';--' -' liJi)^^''- . ' J Hsi'i 111 I III i I COR. PACIFIC AND CONNECTICUT AVES. Open Summer and Winter. Fine Ocean View. Heated by Steam and Open Grate Fires. Gas and Electric Bells. Hot and Cold Sea Water Baths in the house. J. A. RCID, Proprietor. iU^^.n Ocean End of Virginia Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J. Fln« location, on lii^li ground, commanding .m extended view of the ocean Hoarfl walk to the beach. Open all the year. Col. .10H>; !»l. CI.AR.K, Proprietor. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 33 THE THEATRES. THE VIRGINIA OPERA COMIQUE, has just been built on the site of the Virginia Gardens in Virginia avenue, and seats nearly 2000 people, it has a fine stage and rooiny dressing rooms for the per- formers, while the comfort of^ its visitors has been thoroughly looked after. Messrs. Morton & Southwell, of Ilaverly's Theatre, Philadel- phia, are the proprietors and managers. McCaull's Opera Company has been engaged. With such managers and opera company, the Virginia Opera Comique cannot fail to be a great success. THE IDEAL OPERA HOUSE, situated at corner of Kentucky and Atlantic avenues, should the weather be fine, no doubt will be well patronized, for its roof and "sides are of canvas. It seats nearly 2000 persons. It is devoted to opera. THE THEATRE in Pavilion attached to the Mansion Hou.se, has been fitted up for the production of light drama during the months of July and August. The Pavilion has been entirely roofed in and the stage enlarged. Messrs. C. McGlade and William Davidge, Jr., the actor, are the proprietors and managers. THE LIGHT HOUSE. rpHE ABSECON LIGHT HOUSE is at Ocean end of Vermont -*- avenue. It is 1B7 feet high to centre of lantern. Its fixed whit& light can been seen 20 miles at sea. The light house is built of brick and hydraulic cement. Admission, free of charge. Oj^en between the ihours of 9 a. m. and 12 m. HOTEL ROYAL. KENTUCKY AND PACIFIC AVENUES, ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. THIS new and elegantly-appointed hotel, under the management of J. F. Cake, of Old Congres.s Hall, Cape May, and Willard'.s Hotel, Washington. Will be open all the year. All modern improvement.s, electric bells, steam heating, etc. 34 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. THE CHALFONTE Ocean End of North Carolina Avenue. THOROUGHTY RENOVATED GAS. NEW FURNITURE, WARDROBES. ETC., ETC. NOW OPEN. ELISHA ROBERTS & SON. THE CHESTER COUNTY HOUSE IS Novr OI»Erj. This well-known house, in the twenty-fifth season of successful m.nagement by its ' present own rs, again invites Summer visitors. Within a few hundred feet of the sea, it is one of the coolest and most comfortable seashore homes. T. I^EIILv^ cSc S03SrS. EMERSON HOUSE, South Carolina Avenue, near the Ocean, AXI,Ar»iTlC CIXV, TH. J. This house las been enlarged, newly papered and is furnished with gas, electric bells, and ihorftughly heated lor a Winter house. The rooms are large and we'l ventilated. It is within one half square of the Hot Baths and Ocean Telephone «3. DuBOIS & YOUNG, Proprietors. THE ELBERON, Cor. Pacific and Tennessee Aves. COMPI.ETK IN Al.I. ITS APPOINTMENTS. UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT. Open all the year. L. A. ROWAN. GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. 35 THE RAIL-WAYS. ! TO OR FROM PHILADELPHIA. jTo Atlantic City.— Fares, single or excursion ticket, (10 days re- turn) $1.50. By Pennsylvania and West Jersey R. R., Market Street Ferry. By Camden and Atlantic R. R., Vine Street Ferry. Or by Philadelphia and Atlantic City R. W., single or excursion ticket, (ten days return) fl.OO, from Pier 8, below Walnut street. To Philadelphia.— Single or excursion ticket (10 days return) $1.00, per Camden and Atlantic R. R. ; returning by either Camden and Atlantic or Pennsylvania and West Jersey R. R. } LIFE SAVING STATION. hTHE U. S. LIFE SAVING STATION situated close to light house. !-*- It has large, swift surf boat and all the modern appliances to save life at sea. There are eight men and the keeper connected with the station. Admission, free to visitors. DOR. PENNSYLVANIA AND ATLANTIC AVENUES, IS rrovr OPEN. First-class Appointments, Location and Cuisine with moderate charges. ASHLAND HOUSE RESTAURANT AND ICE CREAM SALOON AND PARLORS, djoining the Ashland House Hotel. Here visitors will find their comforts strictly attended to. THE TATETHERII-i:-, Jcean End of Kentucky Avenue, 100 yards from the beach, Atlantic City, N. J. ?. O. Box No. 7. ]»Ir9.'CAR.OI.II»JE E. W^ILSON, OPEN ALL THE YEAR. Owner and Proprietress. lire. Wilson's former success in this line is a guarantee as to the standing of the house. 36 GUIDE TO ATLANTIC CITY. TME HYGrEIA., COR. NEW YORK and PACIFIC AVENUES. Fronling and near the Ocean. Fine Location. House new and nicely furnished. Superior accommodations. Terms moderate. OPEN ALL THE YKAR. Mrs. K. A. SXAVRO. Pacific below Ohio Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J. The Aldine is pleasantly situated near the Beach, with full Ocean view. Terms moderate and home comforts. Lock Box ig. JA^IES HOOD. THE DXJDLEY jA^RIVES, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, Is now open imder new management. Fine Location. Complete Appointments. Faultless Cuisine. ( lood altentlance. City Address, 359 N. 15th St. }»I. P. KIRK. Li.A.NSD.ALr.E XIOXJSE, 39 North Carolina Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. Open all the year. One square l^ctween the Ocean and the Railroad Depot. Mrs. I. JOH;«iSTOIV, Proprietress. THE L-ANCA.STER, SOUTH CAROLINA AVENUE. Open all the V'ear. Full Ocean View. Handsomely Furnished. Homelike Comforts Within Fifty yards of the Beach, i^iers, and Hot Baths. Address, P. O. Box 873. Mrs. M. J. KVIVKI^e:, Proprietress, TME ^WESTIVIINSTER, Cor. Pacific and Kentucky Avenues. Full ocean view. Close to beach, piers, stores, etc. Under new management Icrms moderate. Mrs. MARV ROCHE, (I.ate of Linwood Cott.^ge ) TME CONTINENTA.L, Atlantic above Rhode Island Avenue, Atlantic City, N. J This favorite house is nicely furnished, with thoroughly heated rooms, and liroad piazza: overlooking the ocean. It is situated ui one of the most delightfid locali ms on the island being in close proximity to the beach, lighthouse and hot and cVII^SOP > > H > t ■^See Exhibit at New Orleans.^ THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. RATES OF POSTAGE. LETTEK6, ETC. Each >^ auiice. Mail letters 2 cents. Drop letters at letter carrier offices 2 " Drop letters at non-letter carrier offices 1 " Drawings, plans, designs and all matter sealed against inspection, 2 cents each }n oz. or fraction or.. Registered letters, 10 cents in addition to the proper postage. Sicond-Vlaxa ^a^^r.— Newspapers and periodicals to regular sub- scribers, quarterly or oftener, 2 cents a lb. Transient newspajiers, 1 cent each 4 oz. Third-Vln.ss Matter. — Books ' (printed and blank), circulars, other printed matter, proof sheets, corrected proof sheets and manuscript, cojiy accompanying same, valentines, heliotypes, chromos, posters, lithographs, 1 cent each 2 oz. Newspapers (except weeklies to subscribers), circulars and peri- odicals, not 2 oz. in weight, deposited in letter carrier offices for local delivery, 1 cent each. Fmirth-Class Matter. — Printed envelopes in quantity, blank bills, letter heads, blank cards, tlexible patterns, plain envelopes and letter paper, sample cards, merchandise, models, .sample ores, metals, miner- als, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, not exceeding 4 lbs. in weight, 1 cent each oz. or fraction of oz. Patterns and samples to Canada 10 cents prepaid for each 8 oz. or fraction. First, third and fourth-class matter may be registered at 10 cents each package in addition to regular postage. All matter not prepaid at letter rates must be so wrapped that it can be examined witlutut destroying the wrapper, and can name contents, from whom, and address, ami mitliing more. A business card maybe printed, impressed, or pasted on the wrappers. Liquids, poisons, ex- plosives, and other dangerous matters are excluded. MONEY ORDERS. No fractions of cents allowed in any money order. Kates on money orders in United States : Over S.'jO to *60 30cts. " 60 " 70 35 " " 70 " 80 40 " W) " 100 45 " On orders not exceeding S 10, xcts Over ?10 to $15 10 " 15 " 30 15 " " 30 " 40 20 " " 40 " 50 25 " Money orders to (Ireat Britain or Ireland: Not exceeding SIO, twenty-five cents ; over $1" to •■*2(», fifty cent« : over •<20 to S30, seventy cents ;" over .S.'«i to .540, eightv-five cen"t« ; over ?40 to J.io, one dollar. Monev orders to (ierman Kmi>ire, France, Italy, Canada, Algeria, Switzerland, Jamaica, New Zealand, New Soutii Wales, Victoria, Belgium, Portugal, Hawaii, Queenland, Cape Colony, Windward Islands, and Tasmania : Not exceeding #10, fifteen cents : over 310 1« S2(), thirty cents: over ?_'o to #.?() forty-five cents ; over 830 to $40, sixty cents: over $4o to ?.vi, seventy-five cents. Money orders can be made payable in Denmark, Sweden and Nor- way, Netherlands and Luxi'mburg, tlirough (iermany, at German rati's. In Austria and Hungary, through Switzerland, at Swiss rates. To India, not exceeding $10, thirtv-five cents, over $10 to $20, seventy cents: over $2o to $,i(>, $1; over $:io to $40, .<1.25: over $40 to §50, $1.50. Postal notes arc furnished by any postmaster for any amount under $.'■), at a Gost of three cent« each. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. POPULATION OF CITIES OP THE UNITED STATES OVER 100,000. Inhabitants. New York, N. T 1,206,299 Philadelphia, Pa T... 847,170 Brooklyn, N. Y 566,063 Chicago, III 503,185 Boston, Mass .362,839 St. Louis, Mo 3.50,518 Baltimore, Md 3.32,313 Cincinnati, 2.55,139 San Francisco, Cal 2.3.3,959 New Orleans, La 216,090 Cleveland, 160,146 Pittsburgh, Pa 156,389 Buffalo, N. Y 15.5,134 Washington, D. C 147,293 Newark, N. J 136,508 Louisville, Ky 123,758 Jersey City, N. J 120,722 Detroit, Mich 116,340 Milwaukee, Wis 115,.587 Providence, E. 1 104,857 STEAM HEATING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, FOR PuUic or Private Buildings. " "WOOID'S American Kitchener Particular attention paid to Ventilating by most approved methods. JAMES P. WOOD &L CO. No. 39 South Fourth Street^ Philadelphia, Pa, THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. AREA AND POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. State. Square Miles. Population. Alabama...- 50,722 1,262,505 Arkansas 52,198 802,525 California 188,981 864,094 Colorado 104,500 194,327 Connecticut 4,750 622,700 Delaware 2,120 146,608 Florida : 69,268 268,493 Georgia 58,000 1,542,180 Illinois 55,410 3,077,871 Indiana 33,809 1,978,301 Iowa 55,045 1,624,615 Kansas....- 81,318 996,096 Kentucky 37,680 1,648,690 Louisiana 41,.346 939,946 Maine 35,000 648,936 Maryland 11,124 934,943 Massachusetts 7,800 1,783,085 Michigan 56,451 1,636,937 Minnesota 83,531 780,773 Mi-ssissippi 47,156 1,131,597 Missouri 65,.350 2,168,380 Nebraska 75,995 452,402 Nevada 104,125 62,266 New Hampshire 9,280 346,991 New Jersey 8,320 1,131,116 New York 47,000 5,082,871 North Carolina 60,704 1,399,750 Ohio 39,964 3,198,062 Oregon 95,274 174,768 Pennsylvania 46,000 4,282,891 Rhode Island 1,306 276,531 South Carolina 34,000 995,577 Tennessee 4.''.,600 1,542,359 Texas 274,356 1,591,749 Vermont 10,212 332,286 Virginia 38,348 1,512,565 West Virginia 2;t,000 618,457 Wi-sconsin 53,924 1,315,497 2,088,967 40,371,430 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. I3 AREA AND POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES TERRITORIES. Territories. Square Miles. Population. Arizona 113,916 40,440 Dakota 150,932 135,177 District of Columbia 64 177,624 Idaho 86,294 32,610 Montana 143,776 39,159 New Mexico 121,201 119,665 Utah 84,476 143,963 Wasliington 69,994 75,116 Wyoming 97,883 20,789 Indian 68,991 Alaska 577,390 30,146 Territories *. 1,514,917 814,589 States 2,088,967 49,371,430 Total 3,603,884 50,186,019 LANGUAGES SPOKEN. English language is spoken by 97,000,000 Spanish " " " 72,000,000 German " " " 53,000,000 French " " " 48,000,000 R. G. DeGD^THER, Flour, No. 909 North Broad Street, Philadelphia. I 14 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. THE LARGEST CITIES IN THE WORLD. UKNM'S. I'liPfLATION. London, England 4,7(j4,000 Paris, France 2,260,000 Tfkin, China Estimated 1,(550,000 Cant on, Cliiiia Estimated 1,500,000 Constantinople, Turkey 1870 1,500,000 New York, U. 8. N. A IKKO 1,206,299 Berlin, Germany 18.S0 1,122,385 Singan fu, Cliina 1875 estimated 1,000,000 Tseliantsclian fu, China 1875 estimated 1,000,000 Phiiadelphiit, II. S. X. A 1880 847,170 Vienna, Austria 1880 726,105 Calcutta, India 1881 683,329 St. l'eter.s])urjr, llus.sia 1880 667,963 Bombay, India 1872 644,405 ]N[osco\v, Kussia 1871 601,959 Bangkok, India Estimated 600,000 Too Chow, Ciiina Estimated 600,000 Ilunkow, China Estimated 600,000 Tokio, Japan 1877 594,284 Brooklyn, U. S. N. A 1880 56t),663 Crla.sgow, Scotland 1881 55.5,289 Liverpool, England 1881 522,425 Chicago, U. S. N. A 1880 503,985 Nai)k"S, Italy 1878 450,804 Birmingham, England 1881 400,759 The longest Bivers are : Amazon, .3,944 miles. South America ; lloang IIo, 2, .500 miles, China : Mirry, .3,0oii miles, Australia : Ohi, 2,8oo miles, Siberia : Nile, 2,750 miles, Egy]>t: Missouri, 4,194 miles, United States. Volga, 2,oiio miles : Yang-tse-Kiang, 3,000 miles ; Amoor, 2,000 miles: St. Lawrence, 2,2(i0 miles. There are 2,950 miles of canals in the L^nited States, the longest being the Wabash and Erie, 496 miles. INLAND SEAS OF THE WORLD. Name. ."^i/.c. Caspian Sea 176,000 scjuare miles. Sea of Aral .30,000 Dead Sea 303 " Lake Baikal 12,000 " Lake Sujierior 32,000 " Lake Michigan 22,400 " Lake Ilin-on 21,00(1 " Lake Erie 10,815 " Lake Ontario 6,.3fl0 " Lake Nicaragua (J.ooo " Lake Titacaca .3,012 " Salt Lake 1,875 «« Lake Tchad 14,900 " Lake Ladoga ]2,lKiO " THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 1 5 POPULATION OF THE EARTH, &c. Square To Square * Miles. Population. Miles. America 14,700,000 05,495,500 6>^ Europe 3,800,000 315,929,000 83 Asia 15,000,000 834,707,000 55>^ Africa 10,800,000 205,679,000 19 Oceanica 4,500,000 27,896,000 6 Total 48,800,000 1,479,706,500 170 Tliese are estimated to sitealv 3,064 Languages, and possess about 1,000 different forms of Religion, with average duration of life, 33 yerflii classified in Races as follows : White Race, 616,000,000 ; Mon- golian, 600,000,000 ; Black, 250,000,000 ; Copper Color, 12,000,000. There are 676,00o,0()0 Pagans in religion ; 320,000,000 Christians in Religion ; 140,000,000 Mohammedans in'Religion ; 14,000,000 Jews in Religion. WATER DIVISIONS. Square Miles. Pacific 80,000,000 Atlantic 40,000,000 Indian 20,000,000 Southern 10,000,000 Arctic 5,000,000 Total 155,000,000 MANUFACTURER OP THE LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF Choice Chocolates IN THE WORLD, At 30c. Per Pound. ft l6 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. AREA AND POPULATION OF SOME OP THE PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES. Miles. Population. Chinese Empire 3,973,000 410,000,000 ludia 1,760,000 250,000,000 Russia, in Europe 2,092,000 76,500,000 United States, with Alaska 3,604,000 50,186,000 Germany 209,000 45,234,000 Austria 241,000 37,839,000 France 204,000 36,906,000 Great Britain and Ireland 121,000 34,862,000 Japan 150,000 34,338,000 Italy 114,000 28,452,000 Spain 196,000 16,623,000 Brazil 3,288,000 10,108,000 Mexico 742,000 9,657,000 Arabia 1,200,000 8,000,000 Persia 637,000 7,653,000 Sweden 172,000 4,567,000 British America 3,377,000 4,513,000 Argentine Confederation 1,100,000 2,400,000 Australia 3,120,000 2,197,000 Norway 122,000 1,807,000 A PUNCTUATION PUZZLE. The following article forcibly illustrates the necessity of proper punctuation. It can be read in two ways, describing a very bad man or a verj' good man, the result depending upon the manner in which it is punctuated. It is very well worth the study of all, and particularly young printers. He is an old and experienced man in vice and wickedness he is never found in opposing the works of iniquity he takes delight in the downfall of his neighbors he never rejoices in the prosperity Hf any of his fellow creatures he is always ready to a.'^sist in destVoving "the peace of society he takes no pleasure in serving the Lord lie is un- commonly diligent in .sowing di.seord auiong his friends and acquain- tances he takes no pride in laboring to promote the cause of Christianity he has not been negligent in endeavoring to stigmatize all jmblic teachers he makes no elTort to sul)due his evil pa.>^sions he strives hard to build up Satan's kingdom he lends no aid to the support of the gospel among the heat lien he contributes largely to the evil adversary he pays great heed to the ikvil he will never go" to heaven he must go where he will receive the just recompense of reward. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 1 7 COMPARATIVE HEIGHTS OP PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS IN THE WORLD. Washington Monument 555 ft. City Hall, Philadelphia, 537 " 4 in. Cologne Cathedral, 510 " Strasburg Cathedral, 4(58 " St. Peter's, Rome, 448 " St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, 441 " St. Rollox's Works, Glasgow, 430 " Salisbury Cathedral, England, 404 " Forazzo of Cremona, 39G " Friburg Cathedral, 385 " Amiens Cathedral, France, 383 " Church of St. Peter, Hamburg, 380 " The Cathedral, Florence, 376 " Hotel de Ville, Brussels, 374 " Tarre Asinelli, Bologna, 370 " St. Paul's, London, 360 " Church of St. Isaac, St. Petersburg, 336 " Cathedral, Frankfort on Main, 326 " Bell Tower, St. Marks, Venice, 323 " Hotel des Invalides, Paris, 310 " Boston Chiu'ch, Lincolnshire, England, 292 " U.S. Capitol, Washington, 287 " Masonic Temj)le, Philadelphia, 280 " AFTER HOURS CIGAR STORE. Z, 131. STK/EBT, DEALER IN FINE DOMESTIC, KEY WEST, HAVANA AND IMPORTED CIGARS. HEADQUARTERS FOR After Hours and Espana High Grade Strictly Pure 5c. Cigars. BOX TRADE A SPECIALTY. 328 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA. BOTTLING ESTABLISHMENT GUST. F. SCHOLLER, 215 N. FOURTH ST., PHILADELPHIA. Sole Agent of Geo. Ehret's New York Lager Beer for the State of Pennsylvania. FAMILIES SUPPLIED AT 75 CENTS PER DOZ. 1 8 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. GREAT ASSEMBLY ROOMS IN AMERICA & EUROPE, HOLDING UPWARDS OF 2,000 PERSONS. Building. City. Capacity. Colosseum Rome 87,000 St. Peter's Rome : 58,000 Cathedral Milan 40,o00 Tlieatre of Pomi)ey Rome 40,u00 St. Paul's Rome 38,000 St. Paul's London 31,000 St. Petronia Bologna 26,000 Cathedral Antwerp L'o.OOO Cathedral Florence 23,000 St. John's Latern Rome 23,(»00 St. Sophia's ■ Constantinople 2.3,000 Notre Dame Paris 21,500 Theatre of Marcel 1 us Rome 20,000 (Jathedral Pisa 13,000 St. Stephen's Vienna 12,400 St. Dominic's ; Boiosina 12,000 St. Peter's Boloj,nia 11,400 Cathedral Vienna ll,00it Mormon Temi)le Salt Lake City 10,000 Cathedral, Notre Dame Montreal, Canada lo.ooo St. Mark's Venice 8,443 Oilmore's Garden New York 7,5(.>0 Bolshoi Theatre St. Petersburg 5,000 Music Hall Cincinnati 4,824 Albert Hall Lond0 Universitv Hall Ann Arbor 3,500 Stadt Theatre New York 3,105 Wa.shinL'ton Hall I'aterson, N. J 3,000 City Hall Columbus, O 3,0(10 Bost«m Theatre Boston 2,972 Academy of Music Pliihidelphia 2,805 Covent (iarden Theatre London 2,«5H4 l^Iusie Hall : Boston 2,585 Carlo Felici (Jenoa .-.. 2,5<>0 Opera Hou.se Birminuham, Pa 2,60u Music Hall New Haven 2,500 Mobile Theatre Mobile 2,500 Acadetnv of Music New York 2,433 Alexander St. Petersburg 2,332 Opera House Munich 2,307 Grand ( )iiera House Cincinnati 2,250 Haverivs Theatre Chicago 2,238 (;iobe Theatre Boston 2,200 St. Cliarles Theatre New Orleans 2,178 Imperial St. Peterslmrg 2,160 Acadenivof Paris 2,092 Grand Opera Hall New Orleans 2,052 THINGS VOtJ OUGHT TO KNOW. 19 LEADING RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, TVITH SUNDAY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. Sunday School Attendance. Attendance. Methodists 3,695,030 2,243,121 Baptists 2,471,448 1,127,090 Presbyterian 907,913 624,239 Lutheran 810,236 400,863 Congregationalists 382,000 168,976 Episcopal 362,000 206,463 Disciples of Christ 210,000 Roman Catholic 6,000,000 468,124 IGNORANCE IN THE WORLD. The percentage of illiteracy in the scale of 100 among the people of different countries is shown in the following table, taken from Kiddle and Scheme's " Cyclopoedia of Education " : India, 95 ; Mexico, 93 ; Poland, 91 ; Argentine Republic, 83 ; Greece, 82 ; Spain, 80 ; Italy, 73 ; Hungary, 51 ; China, 50 ; Austria, 49 ; Ireland, 46 ; England, 33 ; Belgium, 30 ; France, 30 : United States, 20 ; Netherlands, 18 ; Scot- land, 16 ; Japan, 10. THE PETROLITE DISINFECTANT The active disinfecting and cleansing powers of the PETROLITE have been recognized for years, but it was left for Lite chemical knowledge to so combine the materials in a harmless, clean and easily handled powder as to be convenient forlise in our dwel- lings, or amongst clothing or textile fabrics. PETROLITE DISINFECTANT meets all these requirements, beint; PENETRATING and POWERFUL inits work CLEAN, HARMLESS and CONVENIENT to handle. In its very LOW COST being adapted for use extensively in all places. It is also the sworn enemy of insects and vermin, which will not try to live where it is used. It is an unfailing remedy against Roaches, Moths, Bed-Bugs, and all kinds of insects. This powder can be blown into crevices and cracks with the common insect gun I^can be used on PLANTS, SHRUBS and FRUIT TREES. Buy it and you will never be without. As now is the time to guard our homes from impure and noxious vapors and smells, always generated at the warm season, creating disease, it will be the part of wisdom to try a can of PETROIvITE DISINFECTANT, as it is an UNFAILING DEODORIZER for WATER-CLOSETS, SINKS, CESSPOOLS, etc , and SURE PROTECTION against SEWER GAS. It is put up in neat tin cans, of one quart each, for 25 cents, or in larger packages for ten cents per pound. MANUFACTURED BY 1903J OXFORD ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 20 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. PLACES OP INTEREST IN PHILADELPHIA. The City contains 35 Scientific Associations, 30 Public Libraries, 50 Religious Boards, 90 Charitable Associations, (dispensing nearly §2,000,000 per annum), 38 Hospitals, 25 Market-houses, 30 Public Cemeteries, 400 Churches, 26 Daily Papers and 45 Banks. There are 15 Theatres and Opera Houses open every evening, Sundays excepted. The Gallery of Fine Arts, Academy of Music, Academy of Natural Sciences, and Zoological Garden are the largest on the Continent. The new City Hall, when finished, will be one of the finest build- ings of its kind iu the w^orld. It covers an area of i}4 acres ; from North to South is 486 ft. 6 in. ; East to West, 470 ft. ; height of main tower, 537 ft., which will have a clock with a face 20 ft. in diameter. The building will contain 520 rooms. The figures on centre dormers are 17 ft. (3 in. in height ; those on corner dormers 12 ft. 10 in. in height. The Masonic Temple is the finest iu the world, and is the great^ THE SEVEN VTONDERS OF THE W^ORLD. The Egyptian Pyramids ; the Mausoleum, erected by Artemisia ; the Temple "of Diana, at Ephesus ; the Walls and Hanging Gardens of Babylon ; the Colossus of Rhodes ; the Statue of Jupiter Olympus, and the Watch Tower at Alexandria. ORIGINALITY, ECONOMY, EFFICIENCY ADVERTISING IF ENTRUSTED TO FREDERICK THOMAS, WHITER, COMPILER AND SOLICITOR OF " ATLANTIC CITY OUIDE," ■' THINGS YOU OUQHT TO KNOW," 901 TUSKER STREET, PHILIlDELPHlfl, OR AT THE PUHLISHERS, BURK Sl McFETRIDGE, 306-305 CHESTNUT ST. 24 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. DISTANCES FROM PHILADELPHIA ■TO- Miles. Atlantic City, N. J 59 Altoona, Pa '2M Albany, X. Y 233 Baltimore, Md 98 Boston, Mass 3i'0 Bethlehem, Pa 55 Bedford ISprings, Pa 254 Bridfjeton, N. J 39 Burlington, N. J 19 Chester, Pa 14 Carlisle, Pa 126 Cape May, X. J 81 Cresson springs, I 'a 252 Chambersburg, Pa 157 Chicago, 111 823 Cincinnati, O tiOT Cleveland, O 504 Charleston, S. C 78G Columbus, Oliio 548 Doylestown , Pa 33 Delaware AVater ( .:i [), X. J... 92 Downingtown, ]';i 32 Detroit, Mich G83 Denver, Col 1H90 Easton, Pa 52 Erie, Pa 448 Elmira, X. Y 2s;i Egg Harbor. N. .1 42 Fort Wavne, Ind tj75 Gettysburg, Pa 135 Gree'nsburg, Pa 322 Harrisburg, Pa 105 Huntingdon, I'a 203 IndianaiJolis, Ind 722 Ithaca, X. Y 358 Johnstown, Pa 27() Kansas City, Mo 1277 Lancaster, Pa 72 Long Branch, X.J 78 Media, Pa 13 Mauch Chunk, Pa 89 Mount Holly, X.J 29 Milwaukee, Wis 8<»3 Montgonierv, Ala 1037 Montreal, Can 589 Miles. Xorristown, Pa 17 New York City, X. Y 90 Xewark, X. J.! 80 Xew Brunswick, X. J 57 Xiagara Falls, X. Y 458 New Orleans, La 1414 New Ilavfu, Conn 1(36 Newport, K.I 25(5 Ocean ( rovr, N. J 83 Ogdensburg, .\. Y 484 Omaha, Neb 1320 Pittsburgh, Pa 354 Pottstown, Pa 40 Pottsvillf, Pa 93 Portland, Me 431 Quebec, Can 761 guincy, III 1054 lii-adiiig. Pa 58 Kochesicr, N Y 377 KichuKind, \'a 254 !Sea(;rove, V. J 81 yalem, N.J 44 JSan Francisco, Cal 3220 St. Joseph, M«) 1337 St. Louis, Mo 1003 Salt Lake City, Utah 2374 St. I'aui, .Minii 1274 Scranton, Pa 163 Savainiah, Ca 767 Toledo, Ohio 615 Trciitou, N. J 30 TaUaha.ssce, Fla 1100 I'niontown, I'a 360 Union City, Pa 419 I'tica, N. Y 326 Valley Forge, Pa 23 Vincland, N. J 34 Virginia City, Nev 2784 Wiiliamsport", Pa 198 Wilmiugton, Del 28 Washiuuton, D. C 138 Watkins (ilm, X. Y 299 Xcuia, Ohio 603 York, Pa 93 Zanesville, 520 THE BIBLE. The English vci-sion of the Bible contains : Old Testament, 2,728,100 letters, 592,439 word*, 2.{,214 verses, 929 chapters, 39 books. The Now Testament contains 83H,.S,S0 letters, 181,253 words, 7,939 verses, 360 chapters, 27 books. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 25 GREAT LIBRARIES. Eoyal Library at Paris 824,000 volumes. Bodleian Librarj; at Oxford, Eng 420,000 " Koyal Central Library, Munich 800,000 " Vatican Library, Rome 100,000 " University Library, Gottingen 300,000 " British Museum Library, London 700,000 " Library, Vienna 453,000 " St. Petersburg Libi-ary, Russia 505,000 " Naples 300,000 " Dresden 300,000 " Copenhagen .• 557,000 " Berlin 460,000 " Philadelphia Library 135,000 " Expansion and Contraction of Metals. The least is Glass, then as follows : Platinum, Steel, Iron, Gold, Copper, Brass, Silver, Tin, Lead, Zinc. Best Conductors of Heat (Metals). Silver, Copper, Gold, Tin, Iron, Lead, Bismuth. -EST^^-BXjISHIEID 1850- TRADE MARK. PKTKR Iv. KRIDKR, MANUFACTUUER OP ^ terling^ il verl J J are GUARANTEED FINE. Medal and Diploma Awarded at Centennial Exposition. Striking Society Medals in Gold, Silver, Bronze and White Metal a Specialty. Souvenir Medals by the i,coo made to special order. 618 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 26 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. CHARLES DICKENS ON "DEATH." "Z«/e like an empty ilream flits by." "Even when the gulden liair lay in a halo on a pillow round the worn face of a little boy, he said with a radiant smile: — 'Dear papa and mama, I am sorry to leave you both and to leave my pretty little sister, but I am called and I must go.' Thus the rustling of an angel's wings got blended with the other echoes, and had in them the breath of heaven." — I'dle of Two Cities, book 2, chapter 21. "There is no time there, and no trouble there. Tlie spare hand does not tremble ; nothing worse than a sweet, bright constancy is lier face. She goes next before him— is gone." — Tbi'L, book 2, chapter 15. "The dying boy made answer, 'I soon shall be there.' lie spoke of beautiful gardens stretched out before him, that were tilled with tiguresof men and many children, all with light upon their faces: then whisi)ered it was Eden, and so died." — Nicholas NickUby, chapti r 5H. " 'It's turned very dark, sir. Is there any light a-comingV The cart is shaken all to pieces, and the rugged road is very near its end. I'm a-gropin' — a-gropin' — let me cat-ch hold of your hand. Hallowed be thy name.' "Dead! my lords and gentlemen. Dead! men and women, born with heavenly compa.ssion in your hearts. And dying thus around us every day ! " — liUak Ifuuse, chapter 47. "lie" slowly laid his face down upon her bosom, drew his arm close round her" neck, and with one parting sob began the world. Not this world. Oh, not this! The world that sets this right."— /6aW., chapter 65. " 'If this is sleep, sit by me when I sleep; turn me to you, for your face is going far on, and I want it to be near.' And she died like a child going to sleep." — David Coppcrjield, chapter 'J. "Time and the world were sliiipiiig from beneath him. He's go- ing out with the tide. * * And it being low water he went out with the tide." Ibid., chapter .'?(). "One lU'W mound was there, which had not been there last night. Time, burrowing like a nu)le below the ground, had marked his track by throwing up another heap of earth." — .Martin Chuzzkicit, chapterlH. " She was dead. No sleep so beautiful and so calm, so free from trace of i>ain, so fair to look upon. She seemed a creature fresh froni the hand of (Jod and waiting for the breath of life, not one who had lived and suffered death. She was nast all help or need of it. We will not wake her." — Old Ciirii}sity Shop, chapter 71. "The hand stojiped in the inidst of them: the light that had alwavs bi'cn feeble and dim behind the weak transparency went out." Jlanl TinuK, chon, vol. 1, chapter 1. "It's very near the sea ; I hear the waves I The light about the head is shining upon me as I go! The old, old fashion that came in with our first garments, and will last unchanged until our race has run its eourse and the wide lirmamcnt is rolletl uj) like a scroll. Oh, thank G^- I WILLIAM J. TROTH, 1701, 1703, 1705 and 1707 SOUTH FOURTH ST,, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. 28 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. AUTHORS, POETS, AND HISTORIANS, AND THEIR EARNINGS. AnthoDj/ TroUope. Fur twelve years his annual income from litera- ture averaged £4,500, and in little over twenty years lie made £70,000 by his pen. He made £727 in the aggregate by "The Warden" and "Barchester Towers," £250 for " The Three Clerks," £400 for "Dr. Thorne," £1,000 for " Framley Par.sonage," and £3,500 for "Can You Forgive Her." Mrs. Trollope received £800 for her work on " America," and it is believed for the next twenty years her literary income averaged £1,000 a year. Mrs. Oore made a comfortable fortune out of her clever and inter- esting novels. Miis Burney was paid £20 for "Evelina," £2,000 for "Cecilia," and £3,000 for "Camelia." Miss Edgeworth. The highest sum this lady received for either of her Irish stories was £250. George Eliot's total profit on " Remola " exceeded £10,000, and nearly double that sum on another of her works. Wilkie Collins received £5,000 for " Annadale " before a line of it was written, and also £5,000 for "No Name." Oliver Goldsmith received only £60 for his " Vicar of Wakefield." Johnson was paid £100 for " Rasselus." Dumas not only received nothing for his first novel, but had to pay for printing it, and although he made vast sums by his other works, the money was spent as soon as earned. Lord Li/tton is believed to have made over £80,000 by his novels. Lord Beacon sfirld is believed to have made quite £30,000 by his writings, although he profited but little by his earliest works. Charles Dickens made as much by his readings as by his novels ; his early bargains Avith i)ublishcrs were deplorable, it is calculated that during the publishing of "Nicholas Nickleby" it appears that for three years previous he ought to have made £10,000 a year out of his writings. £7,000 was to have been paid him for " Edwin Drood," if he had lived to complete the twelve monthly i)arts. Thackeray made most of his money by lecturing. He told a friend that he never made as much as £5,000 by any book he had written. Many of his works were not appreciated until after his death. Sir Walter IScott's aggregate gains far exceeded any author that ever lived. He received £700 for "Waverley," and during the next nine years he received from his publisher £110,000. During the remaining eight years of his life he wrote eight mOre novels, as well as the " Life of Napoleon," For one of these novels he received £10,000, and £18,000 for " Life of Napoleon." Between November, 1826, and June, 1827, he received for his writings £26,000. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 29 Tennyson (Lord), as a poet, has been by far the most successful in money getting. Bj/ron (Lord) His total gain was only £23,000. Thomas Moore. The highest price paid him was £3,000 for his "Lalla Rookh." Macmday (Lord), as an Historian, ranks first-class. His publishers undertook to pay him three-quarters of the net profits, and within a few months paid him £20,000 on account. Ooldsmith received £300 for " History of Rome," £250 for "History of Greece," and £600 fm- "History of England." Oibbon gained £10,000 by the "Decline and Fall." Thiers and Lamartine were each paid nearly £20,000 for their re- spective Histories. Johnson was only paid £300 for " Lives of the Poets." SWEET-MINDED WOMEN. So great is the influence of a sweet-minded woman on those around her, that it is almost boundless. It is to her that friends come in sea- sons of sickness and sorrow for help and comfort. One soothing touch of her kindly hands works wonders in the f evei'ish child ; a few words let fall from her lips in the ear of a sorrowing sister, do much to raise the load of grief that is bowing its victim down to the dust in an- guish. The husband comes home, worn out with the pressure of business, and feeling irritable with the world in general ; but when he enters the cosy sitting-room and sees the blaze of the bright fire, and meets his wife's smiting and happy face, he succumbs in a moment to the soothing influence. We are all wearied with combating with the realities of tife. The rough schoolboy flies in a rage from the taunts of his companion to find solace in the mother's smile ; and so one may go on with instances of the influence a sweet minded woman has in the social life with which she is connected. Beauty is an insignificant power when compared with hers. Wheeler & Wilson's NEW No. S I he Lightest Running Two-thread Machine in the World. New Wood Work. New Attachments. Valuable Improvements. Agents W^anted. 806 Chestnut Street, PWladelphia. 3© THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. PRECIOUS STONES AND GOLD. DIAMOND. The best are pure white like a drop of water, hence they are called of the firs' water. In some rare instances the color of a (liani <\u\, when not merely a tint, but of a decided hue, is an advantage as comijared with tliose of tlie .second water. I)ianionyrenite ; olive-green, called grossular ; brown, called aploue, and yellow, called topazlit^". (lOLD ST.VXD.VRD. The fineness of gold is expressed in carats, the carat being the L'4th i)art of the weight of the whole mass. Thus the standard for gold coin in 'JPiJ i)art-s gold and '_"..- i)art.s alloy, that is 21'.. carats. l.H carats has .{ parts gold and 1 i>art alloy, value '-'4 carat (Pure) Gold, ?-'0.()7 per oz. Standard Gold 2\}4 carat, .?18.()1 per oz. 18 carat, : feet of wire, and of the fiucj't gold leaf it takes the thickness of 2f-'. 000 leaves to make au inch. The only acid which will act in the least upon it is a mixture of muriatic anil nitric. Pure gold will not lose a particle of weight by repeated melting. It assumes a greenish tinge when subjected to great heat. It is found minutely diffused in sandy quartz formations all over the world. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 31 GREAT DOMES. St. Paul's London 112 feet diam. Baths of Caracalla 112 " " St. Sophia, Constantinople 116 " " St. Peter's, Rome 1.39 " " Duamo, Florence 1.S9 " " Reading Room at British Museum, London. 140 " " Pantheon, Rome 142 " " THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA. 215 feet high 116 201 330 310 106 143 It is 1250 miles long, 20 feet thick, and 20 feet high, with towers at short intervals from 30 to 40 feet high. It was built about 2000 years ago, and is said to have employed millions of men in its con- struction, and was completed in from five to ten years. It was built as a defence against their Northern enemies, the Tartars. RELATIVE AGE OF ANIMALS. The average age of a cat is 16 years ; a bear, 20 years ; a dog, 20 years ; a wolf, 20 years ; lions, up to 70 years ; elephants, up to 400 years ; a pig, to 20 years ; rhinoceros, 20 years ; horses average 28 years ; cam- els, up to 100 years ; stags are very long-lived; sheep seldom more than 10 years ; cows, 15 years ; it is considered probable that whales some- tinies reach 1,000 years of age ; eagles have lived to 104 years ; ravens, 100 ; swans Imve been known to reach the age of 300 years, and tor- toises to the age of 107 years. BONAKER S JONES, IVIakersof Kine Blank: Books, •? m The Patent Remo- IvABLK Cover Blank I Books open out flat from f the first page to the last, [which is an advantage [very desirable to book- ikeepers, and they cost no [more than a first-class [book bound in the old [style. TC B00ZE££P£I!3 You need no cHmp or weights to hold the ^ pages down, as this book opens out per- r . fectly flat from the first page to the last. Don't be put off with an old- style book. Try this one 333 & 335 CHESTNUT STREET, We bind books in the Old Style, which are far superior to any similar books in the market. 32 THINGS VOU OUGHT TO KNOW. COMBINATION SHADES OF COLOR. Red with Black makes Hiown. Lake \vitli Wliite " Hose. Ainher with White " Dial). White with Bruwii " Chestnut. Yellow with Ihown " Chocolate. lied with Liuht Blue " Purple. Caruiiiie with Straw " Flesli color. Blue with Lead ". " Pearl. (,'aruiiiie with White " Pink. Lamp Black with Indigo " tirav. Black with White " Lead. Paris Green with White " Briszht Green. Yellow Oehro with White " Butt. Emerald (Jreeii with White " Brill't Green. Vermilion with Chrome Yellow " Orange. Chrome Yellow, Blue. Black and Ited " Olive. White with tints of Black and Purple " Ash of Roses. White tinted with Purple " P.enchWhite. •WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. One quart of sifted flour is one i)ound. One pint of granulated sugar is one pound. Two cups of hutter ])acked are one pound. Ten eggs are one ]M)und. Five cupfuls of sifted tlour are one pound. A wineglassful is half a gill. Eight even tahlespoonfuls are a gill. Four even saltspoonfuls make a teaspoonful. A saltspoonful is a good measure of salt for all custards, jiuddings, blancmanges, Ac. One teaspoonful of soda to a quart of flour. Two teaspoonfuls of .soda to one of cream of tartar. The teaspoonful given in all these receijtts is just rounded full, not heaped. Two heaping teaspoonfuls of baking powder to one quart of flour. One cup of sweet or sour nnik as wetting for one quart of flour. CAPACITY OF BOXES. The riiese ar A box A box A box A box A box A box A box A box A box A box following table willb' found exceedingly useful at times, e inside dimensions : 8^ in. by 8 in. and 8 in. deep, contains a peck. 8 in. .sqiiare and 4>^' in. dee]), contains a gallon. 7 in. siiuare and '2^^ in deep, eoutains a half gallon. 4 in. si|uare and 4i in. (h'cp, contains a «|uart, ;< in. scjuare and •';-,, in. (lee]i, contains a pint. 24 in. by 17 in. and L'8 in. th-ei), contains a barit-l. 18 in. by l.")'., in. and 8 in. deep, contains a i)usiiel. l:;' , in. S(iuare and 1 1 '^ in. deei>, contains a bushel. !•_• in. by 11' . in. and !• in. deej), contains a half bushd. 10 in. .square and 10\' in. deej), contains a half Lnishel. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW, 33 RULES FOR DOSES OP MEDICINE SUITED TO DIF- FERENT AGES. If tlie dose for ivn adult is known, then for child 2 years old use about one-seventh. 4 " " one-fourth. 6 '* " one- third. 8 " " one-half. 10 little over " 16 " two- thirds. 18 " three-fourths. 21 full dose. ■WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. (Medicine.) A drop is usually equal to a minim. 60 drops are equivalent to a teaspoonful or 1 drachm. 2 teaspoonsful or drachms equal to a dessertspoonful. 4 teaspoonfuls or drachms equal to 1 tablespoonful. A wineglassful is 2 ounces or 4 tablespoonfuls. A cupful is 4 ounces or 8 tablespoonfuls. A tumblerful is 8 ounces or IG tablespoonfuls. 60 grains— 1 drachm. 480 grains? — 8 drachms or 1 ounce. 5760 grains— 96 drachms or 12 ounces— 1 pound, Troy. ANTIDOTES FOR SOME OF THE MOST COMMON POISONS. In giving directions for Antidotes, &c., for poisons taken by accident or through ignorance, it is impossible in this limited space to go into detail, and we shall only attempt to'give some general directions to be employed while a physician is being sent for. Emetics should be used first in almost all cases of poisoning, and should be given in divided doses until an effect is produced. The fol- lowing are some of the best, and the quantities specified should not be given all at once, but as directed below : Powdered Ipecac, 60 to 100 grains. Sulphate Zinc, 30 grains. Sulphate Copper, 15 grains. Mustard, one or more tablespoonfuls. Whichever is used, to be mixed with a tumblerful of warm water and given one-third at a time, every 5 or 10 minutes, till an effect is produced 34 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW, RELATIVE DISTANCE OF DIFFERENT PLANETS FROM THE SUN. Miles. Miles. Vulcan 13,000,000,000 Earth 91,430,000 Neptune 2,74.5,!)9S,000 Venus 66,134,000 Uranus l,753,86;i,0()0 Mercurv 35,392,000 Saturn 872,187,0^ " Jupiter, 9 " 66 " Uranus, 7 " 5 " The Sun revolves around its own axis at the rate of 4,564 miles per hour. The following is the time which the various planets require in moving around tlie sun. Neptune 1 64 U years. Mars 1 yr. 10>^ mo. Uranus 84" " Eartli 1 year. Saturn 29'.; " Venus 224 ?< days. Jupiter 12 " Mercury ,. 88 ''^ The velocity with which the various planets move through space In revolving around the sun is as follows : Per Hour. Per Hour. Mercury 110,725 miles. Saturn 22,309 miles. Venus 80,1100 " Uranus 15,000 " Earth 65,000 " Neptune 12,OoO " Jupiter 30,000 " Our Moon makes a revolution around the earth in 28 days, hence called Lunar month, and gives heat to tlie surface of the earth 80,000th that of the sun, it has at its own surface 500 degrees of heat. THINGS VOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 35 THE HUMAN BODY. The average weight of the human body, in adult males, is 154 lbs., or 11 stone. Elements of the human body are in the following proportions : lbs. oz. gra. Oxygen, a gas Ill Carbon, a solid 21 Hydrogen, a gas 14 Nitrogen, a gas 3 9 ' Calcium, a solid 2 Phosphorus, a solid 1 12 190 Chlorine, a gas 2 382 Sulphur, a solid 2 219 ■ Sodium, a metal 2 116 Fluorine, a gas 2 23 Potassium, a metal 290 Iron, a metal 100 Magnesium, a metal 12 Silicon, a non-metallic substance 6 12 154 Compounds of the Human Bodu —The elements of the body, in life, make compounds, of which the following are the proximate principles : lbs. oz grs. Water Ill Gelatin, of which the skin and bones are princi- pally composed.....". 15 6 Fat 12 Phosphate of Lime 6 13 Fibrin, forming the muscles and the clot and glob- ules of the blood « 4 4 Albumen, found in the blood and nerves 4 3 Carbonate of Lime, also entering into the compo- sition of bone 10 Chloride of Sodium, or common salt 3 376 Fluoride of Calcium, found in the bones 3 Sulphate of Soda 1 170 Carbonate of Soda 1 72 Phosphate of Soda 400 Sulphate of Potash 400 Peroxide of Iron 150 Phosphate of Potash 100 Phosphate of Magnesia 75 Chloride of Potassium 10 Silica 3 154 Renewal of Human Bodies.— T!ior).Q of the constituents of the body remain permanently in the system, and whilst the old particles are being removed new ones are supplied by the food. It is calculated that a quantity of material, equal to the weight of the whole body, is carried away every forty days. 36 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. CLEVELAND IS OUE PRESIDENT.' DENT I D E N SIDE E S I D Ji E S I P K E S R ? R E NEDISERTRUOURPRESI EDI S E R r R U O S O U R P R E S D I S E R P R U O S I S O U R P R E I S E R P R U O S I D I 8 O U R P R S E R P R U O S I D N D I S O U R P S OUR I S OU R L E L A N D I S O U R P R E y E I. A N D I S O U R P V E V E L A E L E V E L (J L E V L E V E E V E L T N E D I S ERPRUOSIDXAND I E RP]lUOS IDNALAND R PRUOS IDNA P RUOSIDNAL RUOSIDNALEVEVELANDI SOUR UOS IDNALEVELEVELANDI SOU s idnalevel(Jlevelandi so uos idnalevelevelandi sou ruosidnalevevelandi sour P ruosidnalevelandi s ourp R pruosidnalelandisourpr ERPRUOSIDNALAND I SOURPRE serpruosidnandi SOUR p res 1 SERPRUOSIDNDISOURPRES I D I S E R P R U O S I D I S O U R P R E S ID EDISERPRUOS I SOURPRES IDE N E D I S E R P R U O S O U R P R E S I D E N T N E D I S E R P R U O U R P R E S I D E N T The above can be read upward of five thousand different waj's, by starting with the centre letter C and taklnp the most zigzag course to any of the four comers, viz.: — "Cleveland is our President." A WOMAN'S CHANCES OF MARRIAGE AT VARIOUS AGES. This curiously constructed exhibit, by Dr. Granville, is drawn up from the registered cases of 876 manled w-omen in France. Owing to^ the difference in our climate, it will be .safe to sav that French women i are as mature at 18 as American women at 20. Of the S7(5 tabulated, t there were married : r, Marriages. Years of Age. Marriages. Y'ears of Age. 3 at. 13 28 at 27 11 at 14 22 at 28 16 at 16 17 at 29 43 at "IG 9 at 30 45 at 17 8 at 31 77 at 18 5 at 32 115 at 19 7 at 33 118 at 20 5 at 34 86 at 21 3 at 35 85 at 22 at 36 59 at 23 o at 37 63 at 24 at 38 36 at 25 1 at 39 24 at 20 at 40 A careful examination of statistics has demonstrated that the best results would follow if our girls did not marry until at least 20 j'ears of age, and our men until they were 2."j. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 37 I Dr. C. A. White's Celebrated Sets of Teeth, from ^5 to $40. Fillings, ^i. 826 Arch St., Philada. 38 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. HOW TO PREVENT FIRES. 1. Always buy the best quality of oil. 2. Never make a sudden motion with a lamp, either in lifting it or setting it down. 3. Never place a lamp on the edge of a table or mantel. 4. Never fill a lamp after dark, even If you should have to go without a light. 5. See that the lamp wicks are always clean and that they work freely in the tube. 6. Never blow out a lamp from the top. 7. Never take a light to a closet, where there are clothes. If necessary to go to the closet, place the light at a distance. 8. Use candles just as much as possible in going about the house, and in bed rooms. They are cheaper, can't explode, and for very many purposes just as good as lamps. 9. Matches should always be kept in stone or earthen jars or in tin. 10. They should never be left where rats or mice can get hold of them. Tliere is nothing more to the taste of a rat than juiosphorus. Tliey will cat it if they can get at it. A bunch of matches is almost certain to be set on fire if a rat gets at it. 11. Have perfectly good safes in every place where matches are to be used, and never let a match be left on the floor. 12. Never let a mat^li go out of your hand after lighting It until you are sure the fire is out, and then it is better to put it in a stove or an earlhon dish. 13. It is far' better to use the safety match, which can only be lighted upon the box which contains thenl. 14. ITave your furnaces examined carefully in the fall and at least once during the winter by a competent person. All of the pipes and flues should be carefully looked to. 1/5. If there are any closets in the house near chimneys or flues, wluch there ought not to be, put nothing of a combustible "nature into them. Such closets will soil silver and crack crockery, and burn bed- ding. They form a bad part of any home that contains them. 16. Never leave any wood near a furnace, range or stove to dry. 17. Ilave your stoves looked to frequently to see tliat there are no holes for coal to drop out. 18. Never put any hot ashes or coal in a wooden receptacle. 19. Be sure there are no curtains or shades that can be blown into a gaslight. 20. Never examine a gas meter after dark. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 39 HOTV FAST "WILD DUCKS FLY. The canvas -back can distance the whole duck family. When the canvas-back is out taking things easy, it jogs through the ai*at the rate of eighty miles an hour. If it has business somewhere and has to get there it puts two miles behind it every minute. The mallard duck is a slow coach. It's all he wants to do to go a mile a minute, but he can do it when it is necessary. His ordinary, every-day style of getting along over the country gets liim from place to place about a 45-mile-an-hour rate. The black duck is about an even mate for the mallard, and the pin-tail widgeon and wood duck can't do much better. The redhead can sail along with ease and cover his ninety miles an hour as long as he feels inclined to. The blue-winged teal and its handsome cousin, the green- winged i, ifll*^*^' could fly side by side for a hundred miles and make the distance neck and neck, for one can fiy just as fast as the other, and to go one hundred miles an houi* is no hard task for either of them. Among the "curiosities of commerce" none perhaps, is more curious than that the major portion of the produce exported from H South Africa is simply used for the adornment of ladies. Out of a f'f total value exported of £7,500,000, ostrich feathers and diamonds ac- count for £5,000,000. m. I From Kimberley, South Airica, a mining oasis in an agricultural district, has been sent, in the last fifteen years, something like £40,- 000,000 worth of diamonds in the rough, which, with the cost of cutting, ; setting and selling must have taken from the pockets of consumers something approaching £100,000,000. THE ENGLISH BILLION. The English billion— a million millions— has set Sir Henry Besse- mer to calculating. He reckons that a billion seconds have not elapsed since the world began, as they would reckon 31,687 years, 17 days, 22 hoiu's, 45 minutes, 5 seconds. A chain of a billion sovereigns would pass 736 times around the globe, or lying side by side, each in contact with its neighbor, would form about the earth a golden zone 26 feet 6 inches wide. This same chain, were it stretched out straight, would make a line a fraction over 18,328,455 miles in extent. For measuring height. Sir Henry chose for a unit a single sheet of paper of about one three hundred and thirty-third of an inch in thickness. A billion of these thin sheets, pressed out flat and piled vertically upon each other, would attain an altitude of 47,348 miles.' 40 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. OXYGEN AND HUMAN LIFE. At every moment of his life man is taking oxygen into liis system hy means -of the organs of respiration. The body of an adult man, supplied with sufficient food, has neither increased nor diminished in weight at the end of twenty-four hours ; yet the quantity of oxygen taken into the system during this period is very considerable, amount- ing in a year to from 700 to 800 lbs. This oxygen is given off from the lungs in combination with carbonic acid gas and hydrogen in the fonn of vapor. THE SUN DIAL. The date of the invention of the sun dial is unknown, but the earliest mention of it is in the Bible, in the Second Chronicles, thirty- second chapter, twenty-fourth verse, where it is recorded that Ileze- kiah was sick and prayed unto the Lord, and received in answer a sign, which is particularly described in Isaiah, thirty-eighth chapter, eighth verse, as follows: — "Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down." Seven hundred years before the Christian era the Chaldeans, among tlie earliest astronomers, divided the day into sixty parts in some manner, but the first sun dial used by them was the hemicycle or hemisphere made by Bcrosus, who lived about 540 B. C. PERCENTAGE OF NUTRITION IN VARIOUS ARTI- CLES OF FOOD. Raw Cucumb -rs 2 Raw Melons 3 Boiled Turnips 4>^ Milk 7 Cabbage 7K Currants lo Whipped Eggs 13 Beets 14 Apples 16 Peaches 20 Boiled Codfish 21 Broiled Venison 22 Potatoes 22>^ Fried Veal 24 Roast Pork 24 Roast Poultry 26 Raw Beef 26 Raw Grapes 27 Raw Plums 29 Broiled Mutton .30 Oatmeal Porridge 75 Rye Bread 7P I Boiled Beans 87 Boiled Rice 88 Barley Bread 88 Wheat Bread 90 Baked Corn Bread 91 Boiled Barley 92 Butter 93 Boiled Peas 93 Raw Oils 94 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 41 WAGES TABLE. SALARIES AND WAGES BY THE YEAR, MONTH, WEEK OR DAY, SHOWING WHAT ANY SUM FROM $20 TO $1600 PER ANNUM, IS PER MONTH, WEEK OR DAY. Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Year Month Week Day Year Month Week Day «20is $1.67 80.38 $0.05 $280 is $23.33 $5.37 $0.77 V5 2.08 .48 .07 285 23.75 5.47 .78 30 2.50 .58 .08 290 24.17 5.56 .79 3.3 2.92 .67 .10 295 24.58 5.66 .81 40 3.33 .77 .11 300 25.00 5.75 .82 45 3.75 .86 .12 310 25.83 5.95 .85 50 4.17 .96 .14 320 26.67 6.14 .88 5-5 4.58 1.06 .15 325 27.08 6.23 .89 60 5.00 1.15 .16 330 27.50 6.33 .90 65 5.42 1.25 .18 340 28.33 6.52 .93 70 5.83 1.34 .19 350 29.17 6.71 .96 75 6.25 1.44 .21 360 30.00 6.90 .99 80 6.67 1.53 .22 370 30.83 7.10 1.01 85 7.08 1.63 .23 375 31.25 7.19 1.03 90 7.50 1.73 .25 380 31.67 7.29 1.04 95 7.92 1.82 .26 390 32.50 7.48 1.07 100 8.33 1.92 .27 400 33.33 7.67 1.10 105 8.75 2.01 .29 425 35.42 8.15 1.16 110 9.17 2.U .30 450 37.50 8.63 1.23 115 9.5S 2.21 .32 475 39.58 9.11 1.30 120 10.00 2.30 ..S3 500 41.67 9.59 1.37 125 10.42 2.40 .34 525 4.i.75 10.07 1.44 130 10.83 2.49 .36 550 45.83 10.55 1.51 135 11.25 2.59 .37 575 47.92 11.03 1.58 140 11.67 2.69 .38 600 50.00 11.51 1.64 145 12 08 2.78 .40 625 •52.08 11.99 1.71 150 12.50 2.88 .41 650 54.17 12.47 1.78 155 12.92 2.97 .42 675 56.25 12.95 1.85 160 13.33 3.07 .44 700 58.33 13.42 1.92 165 13.75 3.16 .45 725 60.42 13.90 1.99 170 . 14.17 3.26 .47 750 62.50 14.38 2.05 175 14.58 3.36 .48 775 64.58 14.86 2.12 180 15.00 3.45 .49 800 66.67 15.34 2.19 185 15.42 3.55 .51 825 68.75 15.82 2.26 190 15.83 3.64 .52 860 70.83 16.30 2.33 195 16.25 3.74 .53 875 72.92 16.78 2.40 200 16.. 57 3.84 .55 900 75.00 17.26 2.47 205 17.08 3.93 .56 925 77.08 17.74 2.53 210 17.50 4.03 .58 950 79.17 18.22 2.60 215 17.92 4.12 .59 975 81.25 18.70 2.67 220 18.33 4.22 .60 1000 83.33 19.18 2.74 225 18.75 4.31 .62 1050 87.50 20.14 2.88 2.30 19.17 4.41 .63 1100 91.67 21.10 3.01 235 19.58 4.51 .64 1150 95.83 22.06 3.15 240 20.00 4.60 .66 1200 100.00 23.01 3.29 245 20.42 4.70 .67 12-50 104.17 23.29 3.42 250 20.83 4.79 .69 1300 108.33 24.93 3.56 255 21.25 4.89 .70 1350 112.50 25.89 3.70 260 21.67 4.99 .71 1400 116.67 26.85 3.84 265 22.08 5.08 .73 1450 120.84 27.80 3.98 270 22.50 5.18 .74 1500 125.00 28.77 4.11 275 22.92 5.27 .75 1600 1.33.34 30.68 4.38 42 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW, AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES, 'WITH THEIR DERIVATION AND SIGNIFICATION. ALBANY, a\vl'ba-ne, N. Y., named in honor of the Duke of York and Albany, afterward James II., at the time it came into possession of tlie English, in l(i64. ALLEGHANY, al'le-jja-ne (Ind.), river of the AlliRewi. AMERICA, a-nier'e-kuli, named after Amerigo Vespucci, who in 1497 landed upon the continent south of the equator. ARIZONA, ar-e-zo'nah, sand iiills. ARKANSAS, ar-kan'sas, formerly and erroneously pronounced ar-kau- saw, from Ka. sas, with the l"reuch prefix, of arc, a bow. BALTIMORE, bawl-te-iuor, named after Lord Baltimore, who settled the province of Maryland, in 1635. BEURINti'S STRAITS, beer'ingz stratz, named by Captain Cook after Beliring, their discoverer. BERMUDAS, ber-mCi'daz, named after Juan Bermudez, their Spanish discoverer. BOSTON, bos'tn, originally St. Botolph's town. BRAZIL, bra-zil' Portuguese pron. Bra-zeel, from the Spanish or Portuguese name of tlie dye-wood exported from the country. CALIFORNIA, kal-e-for'ne-ah, a name given by Cortes, in the year 1535, to the peninsula now called Lower or Old California, of whi, h he was the discoverer. CANADA, kan'a-dah (Ind^, a collection of huts ; a village ; a town. CATSKILL, katz'kil (D. Katzkill), mountains, so called from the panthers or lynxes which formerly infested them. CAROLINA, kar-o-li'nah, named after Charles I., of England. CHARLESTON, charls'tn, S. C, named after Charles I., of England. CHESAPEAKE, ches'a-peek (Ind.), great waters. CHICAGO, she-kaw'go, a French form of an Indian word signifying a skunk ; al.so, a wild onion, from its strong and disagreeable odor. CHILI, chil'le, (Peruv.), land of snow. COLORADO, kol-o-raii'do (Sp.), red or colored. COLUMBIA, ko-lum'be-ah, named after Christopher Columbus. CONNECTICUT, km-net'e-kut (Ind. Quuni-tuk-ut, (the countrj-) "upon the long river." DELAWARE, del-a-ware, named in honor of Thomas West, Lord de la Ware, who visited the bay in 1(510, and died on his vessel, at its month. DETROIT do-troit,' (Fr.), named from the river or "strait" (Fr. detroit) on whirh it is built. FLORIDA, flor'e-dah, named by Ponce de Leon from the day on which he discovered it, Easter Sunday, called in Spanish, Pasqua Florida. GEORGIA, geor'ge-ah, named in honor of George II., of England. HUDSON, hud'sn, named after Henry Hudson, who ascended the river in 1007. INDIANA, in'de-an"ah, from the word Indian. ILLINOIS, il-le-noiz' or il-le-noi, from Ind. illini, men, and the French suffix ois, "tribe of men." IOWA, i'o-wah, the French fonn of the Indian word, signifving "the drowsy," or the " sleepy ones;" a Sioux name of the Pahoja or "Gray-snow" tribe. JAMAICA, ja-ma'kah (Ind. Cay-may-ca, or Kay-ma j'-ca), said to mean "a country abounding in springs." KANSAS, kan'sas (Ind.), smokv water ; also said to signify good potato KENTUCKY, ken-tuk'e (Ind.)", at li.-ad of a river. LOUIS IAN A, loo'o-ze-ah"uah, named after Louis XIV., of France, THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 43 MANHATTAN, man-hat'tn (Ind. munnoh-atan), the town on the island. MARYLAND, ma're-land, named after Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles I. MASSACHUSETTS, mas'sa-chu"sets (Ind.), about the great hills; i. 6., the "Blue Hills." MEMPHIS, niem'fis, the temple of the Good God. MILWAUKEE, mil-waw'ke (Ind.), rich land. MINNESOTA, min-ne-so'tah (Ind.), cloudy water ; whitish water. MISSISSIPPI, mis-sis-sip'pi (Ind.), great and long river. MISSOURI, mis-soo're (Ind.), muddy. MOHAWK, mo'hawk (Ind. ), man-eaters. Literally, it signifies eaters of live food, a name given by the New England or Eastern Indians to the Iroquois. NEBRASKA, ne-bras'kah (Ind.), water valley ; shallow river. NEWFOUNDLAND, nu fund-land, named by its discoverer, John Cabot, in 1497, first api)lied to all the territory discovered by him, but afterward restricted to the island to which it is now applied. NEW HAMPSHIRE, nu-hamp'sheer, named after the county of Hamp- shire in England. NEW JERSEY, nu-jer'ze, named in honor of Sir James Carteret, an inhabitant of the isle of Jersey. NEW YORK, nu york, named after the Duke of York, afterwards James II. NIAGARA, ni-ag'a-rah (Ind.), neck of water ; connecting Lake Erie with Lake Ontario. NOVA SCOTIA, no'va-sko'she-ah (Lat.), New Scotland. OHIO, o-hi'o (Ind.), beautiful. ONTARIO, on-te're-o (Ind.), from Onontee, "a village on a moun^ tain,' the chief seat of the Onondagas. OREGON, or'e-gn, named by Carver Oregon or Oregan ; i. e., River of the West. OTTAWA, ot-tah'wah (Ind.), traders. PENNSYLVANIA, pen'sil-va"ne-ah, Penn's woods (Lat. Sylva, a wood), named after William Penn, who settled the country In 1681. PHILADELPHIA, fll-a-del'fe-aii (Gr.), a city of brotherly love. QUEBEC, kwe-bek', an Algonquin term, meaning "take care of the rock. ' ' RHODE ISLAND, rode i'land, named from a fancied resemblance to the island t)f Rhodes. SAN DOMINGO, san do-ming'go (Sp.), Holy Sabbath. SAN FRANCISCO, san fran-sis'ko (Sp.), St. Francis. SANTA CRUZ, san'tah croos, (Sp.), Holy Cross. SANTA FE, san-tah fa (Sp.), Holy Faith. TENNESSEE, ten-nes-see' (Ind.), river of the Big Bend. TIOGA, ti-o'gah (Ind. ) swift current. TOLEDO, to-le'do (Lat. Toiedura), named byits Jewish founders from Heb. toledoth, generations, families, races. TORONTO, to-ron'to (Ind.), an Iroquois term denoting oak trees rising from the lake. VERMONT, ver-mont', from Fr. verb, green ; mont, mountain ; green mountains. VIRGINIA, vir-gin'eah, named in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen, in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made tlie first attempt to colonize this region. WASHINGTON, wosh'ing-tun, named after George Washington, the first president of the United States. WINNIPEG, win'ne-peg (Ind.), turbid water. WISCONSIN, wis-kon'sin, wild rushing channel. 44 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. AIR-LINB DISTANCES FROM WASHINGTON TO VARIOUS PARTS OP THE "WORLD. Mites. Alexandria, Egypt 5,275 Amsterdam, Holland 3,555 Athens, Greece 6,005 Auckland. N. Z 8,290 Alpiers, Algeria 3,425 Berlin, Prussia 3,>-'47 Berne, Switzerland 3,730 Brussels, Belgium 3,516 Batavia, Java 11.118 Bombay, Hindoostan 8,.'>48 Buenos Ayres, A. C 5,013 Bremen, Prussia 3,500 Constantinople, Turkey 4,S80 Coi)enhag('n, Denmark 3,895 Calcutta, Hindostan 9,348 Canton, China 9,000 Cairo, Egypt 5,848 Cape Town, Cape Colony.. 6,684 Cajieof Good Hope 7,3S0 Caraocas, Venezuela 1.805 Charlotte Town, P. E. 1 820 Dublin, Ireland 3,076 Delhi, Hindostan 8,368 Eilinburgh, Scotland 3,275 Frederickton, N. B 670 Gibralte.r, Spain 3,150 Glasgow, Scotland 3,215 Halifax, N. S 780 Hamburg, Germany 3,."j70 Havana, Cuba 1,1.39 Honolulu, S. I 4,513 Jeru.salom, Palestine 5,495 Jamestown, St. Helena 7,150 Lima, Peru 3,515 Lisbon, Portugal 3,190 Liverpool, England 3,228 London, England 3,315 City of M.'xioo, Mex 1,867 Montevideo, L'ruguay 5,003 Mitntn-al, Canada 471 Ma(hid, Spain 3,485 I^loscow, Russia 4,466 }files. Manilla, Phil. Islands 9,360 Mecca, Arabia 6,698 Muscat, Arabia 7,600 Monrovia, Liberia 3,645 Morocco, Morocco 3,305 Mourzouk, Fezzan 5,525 Mozambique, Moz 7,34h Ottawa. Canada 462 Panama, New Gran 1,825 Parana, A. C 4,733 Port au Prince, Hayti 1,425 Paris, France 3,485 Pekin, China 8,783 Quebec, Canada 601 Quito, Ecuador 2,531 Kio Janeiro, Brazil 4,280 Rome. Italy 4,365 St.. Petersburg, Russia 4,296 Stockiioim, Sweden 4,055 Shanghai, China 8,600 Singapore, Malaj- 11,300 St. John's, N. F 1,340 San Domingo, S. D 4,300 San Juan, Nicaragua 1,740 San Salvador, A. C 1,650 Santiago, Cliili 4,970 Spanish Town, Jamaica 1,446 Sydney, C. B. I 975 Sydney, Australia 8,963 St. PauldeLnanda 5,.578 Timbuctoo, Soudan 3,395 Tripoli, TripoH 4,425 Tunis, Tunis 4,240 Toronto, Canada 343 Venice, Italy 3,835 Vienna, Austria 4,115 Valparaiso, Chili 4,934 Vera Cruz, Mexico 1,680 Warsaw, Poland 4,010 Yeddo, Japan 7,630 Zanzibar, Zanzibar 7,078 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 45 = .->■! ►-^ ?L o as 25 ^ ?D , a 33 ^ ?= l_) h[j H 2 HH 50 p ?^ 5 5^ ^^^5^<^2 ="3 £ot> W2 >^ f5 3 f3 5' ^ S-? S--^ ^ &^ §^ § § =2 g-g » =-^ ^-^ ?^& _i_i|_i|-i»^^K-»l-i|-i|-'t-i|-ih-ih-l-'>-'h-'— •J-'h-'l-'l-' oc DO X CO 00 w OD -1 35 -K --1 -J --3 ^1 r^ i! ti? r' r^ ■;;' r' rj w w i: 10 10 o o « o o o yD o ~i oc c; a-. 01 ^T ^^ w ?5 rf^ <= ^ j:k 4^ jji _*- _>*>• _*• _p J** *• -' *■ jf^ /^ j*^ jf- i^ J*" *• J^ xx5»53oxxxaDqcqcx3oxxpo7:2;9£r-!t;' oc X 00 -1 — T3 35 0-; y i! .-fe f' ± *: '-^ S -T it; r9 -1 r5 .-4 ^l_if->-:);Ct;if— -~lUi'-CCn(-'l— '~^>CvJl- o^"*^ a ■ ^ • CD • ^ fc ^ ^ • M : : 03 i-j i-i to OOOOCOXXXOOXXOOOOCpGOOOpOpO-J CH 01 X !i> rf' — 'O IC I-' tC C^ 00 I-- — w. C; O THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. HIGHEST MOUNTAINS IN THE WORLD, ■WITH HEIGHT IN FEET AND MILES. Fed. MUe$. [unchainyunga, Himalayas 28,178 6>^ orata, Andes, higliest in America 25,380 5 lliniani, Bolivia 21,780 4>^ liinibDrazo, Ecuador 21,444 4^3 liiidoo-Koosb, Afghanistan 20,G00 Z% iotopaxi, Ecuador 19,408 3>i LUtisana, Ecuador 19,150 Z]4 t. Elias, British America 1«,000 Z]^ Opocatapetl Volcano, Mexico 17,735 ?>\4 It. Koa, Hawaii 16,000 3^ It. 15rown, highest Rocky Mountain peak 15,900 3 loiit Blanc, highest in Europe 15,776 3 lowiia Roas, Owhyhee 15,700 3 louiit Rosa, Alps, Sardinia 15,.5,50 3 iuL-hinca, Ecuador 15,200 2% It. Whitney, Cal 15,000 2% lount Fairweather, Russian Possessions 14,796 2% lount .Slu^sta, California 14,450 2% ike's Peak, Colorado 14,320 2^ lount Oi)hir, Sumatra 18,800 2% reniont's Peak, R. M., Wyoming 13,.")70 2% -ong's Peak, R. M., California 13,400 2)^ lount Ranier, Washington Territory 13,000 2Vi lount Ararat, Armenia 12,700 2% Vak of Teneriffe, Canaries 12,236 2'4 liltsin, Morocco 12,000 2'^ lount Hood, Oregon 11,570 2\^ iiiiplon, Alps 11,542 2]^ Idiiiit Lebanon, SjTia 11,000 2>s lount Perdu. France 10,9.'j0 2 I()\int St. Helen's, Oregon 10,158 IX lount Etna, Sicily 10,050 \% •lyuii>us, Greece 9,764 \% t." (iothard, Alps 9,080 \^ 'ilate, .Vlps 9,0.'>0 l^ lount Sinai, Arabia 8,000 1».^ 'Indus, (^reece 7,677 1'.^ Hack Mountain, New Caledonia 6,467 \}4 loiint Washington, New Hampshire 6,2.34 V4 Iiiinit .Marev, New York 6,467 1 I.iunt Ilecla, Iceland 5,000 1 Mil Nevis, .Srdtland ^ 4,400 % laiislield, Verinont 4,280 ^ 'caks of Otter, Virginia 4,260 % Ifii Lawers, Scotland 4,(130 % arnassus, Oreece 3,9.')0 % 'esuvius, Naples 3,932 % THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 47 SCRIPTURAL MEASURES OF LENGTH, WITH ENGLISH EQUIYALENTS. The great Cubit was 21.888 ins.=1.824 ft, and the less 18 ins. A span the longer=i^ a cubit=10.944 ins.=.912 ft. A span the less=3/^ of a cubit=7.296 ins.=.608 ft. A hand's breadth=l-6 of a cubit= 3.684 ins.=.304 ft. A finger's breadth=1.24 of a cnbit=.912 ins.=.07(5 ft. A fatliom=4 cubits=7.296 ft. Ezekiel's Reed=6 cubits=10.944 ft. The_niile=4,000 cubits==7,196 ft. The Stadium, 1-10 of their mile= 400 cubits=729.(5 ft. The Parasang, ?, of their miles=12,000 cubits, or 4 English miles and 580 ft. 33.164 miles was a day's journey — some say 24 miles ; and 3,500 ft. a Sabbath day's journey ; some authorities say 3,648 ft. SCRIPTURAL MEASURES OF CAPACITY, WITH ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS. The Chomer or Homer In King James's translation was 75.625 gals, liquid, and 32.125 pecks dry. The Ephah or Bath was 7 gals., 4 pts., 15 ins. sol. The Seah, l^ of Ephah, 2 gals., 4 pts., 3 in. sol. The Hln=l-6of Ephah, 1 gal., 2 pts., 1 in. sol. The Omer=l-10 of Ephah, 5 pts., 0.5 ins. sol. The Cab=l-18 of Ephah, 5 pts.; 10 ins. sol. The Log=7 1-72 of Ephah, K pt-, 10 ins. sol. The metretes of Syria {John ii, 6)=Cong. Rom. 1% pts. Cotyla Eastern=l-100 of Ephah, 3^ pt., 3 in. sol. This Cotyla contains just lOozs. Avordupois of rain water. Omer, 100 ; Eidiah, 1,000 ; Chomer or Homer, 10,000. LIMIT OF PERPETUAL SNOW, AND GROWTH OF TREES. On the Andes, in lat. 2 deg., the limit of perpetual snow is 14,760 ft In Mexico, lat 19 deg., the limit is 13,800 ft. ; on the peak of TenerilTe, 11,454 ft. ; on Mount Etna, 9,000 ft. ; on Caucasus, 9,900 ft. on the Pyrenees, 8,400 ft. ; in Lapland, 3,100 ft. ; in Iceland, 2,S90 ft The walnut ceases to grow at an elevation of 3,600 ft ; the yellow pine at 6,200 ft ; the ash at 4,800 ft. ; and the fir at 6,700 ft. The loftiest inhabited spot on the globe is the Port House of Ancomarca, on the Andes, in Peru, 16,000 feet above the level of the sea. The 14th peak of the Himalayas, in Asia, 25,695 feet high, is the loftiest mountain in the world. 48 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. SIMPLE FACTS TO PRESERVE HEALTH. It is remarked during long observation in the hospitals, tliat the cases of deatli occurring in rooms averted from the light of the sun, were four times more numerous than the fatal cases in the rooms ex- posed to the direct action of the solar rays. When poison is swallowed, a good off-hand remedy is to mix .salt and mustard, 1 heaped teaspoon- ful of eai'h, in a glass of water, and drink immediately. It is quick in its operation. Then give the whites of two eggs in a cup of coffee, or the eggs alone if coffee cannot be had-. For acid poisons give acids. In cases of opium jioisoning, give strong coffee and keej) moving. For light burns or scalds, dip the jiart in cold water or in flour ; if the skin is destroyed, cover with varnish. It you fall into the water, float on the back, with the nose and mouth i)rojecting. For apoi)lexy, raise the head and bo(l> ; for fainting, lay the person flat. !Suck poisoned wounds, unless your nioiTth is sore. Enlarge the wound, or better cut out the part without delay, cauterize it with caustic, the end of a cigar or a liot coal. If an" artery is cut, compress above the wound; if a vein is cut, com]iress below. If choked, get upon all-fours and cough. Before jiassing through smoke take a lull breath, stoop low, then go ahead ; but if you fear carbonic acid gas, walk erect and be careful. J^motlu-ra tire with blankets orcari)ets ; water tends to spread iMirning oil and increase the danger. l\emove dust from the eyes by dashing water into them, and avoid rubbing. IJemove cinders, etc., with a solt, smooth wo( den )ioint. Preserve health and avoid catcliing cold by regular diet, healthy food and cleaidiness. Sir Astley Cooper said : — The best methods to i)reserve health are temperance, early rising, and sponging the body everv morning with cold water, imme- diately after getting out of bed. M'ater diluted with 2 \)or cent, of carbolic acid will disinlict any room or building, if liberally used as a sitrinkle. Diphtheria can l)e I'ured by a gargle of lemon juice, swallowing a little so as to reach ad the affected jiaiis. To avert cold from the leet, wear two pairs of stockings made from different fal)rics, one pair of cotton or silk, the other of wool, and the natural heat of the feet will be i)reserved if the feet are kept clean. In arranging sleeping rooms the .soundest and mo.st refreshing shnnber will be en- joyed when the head is towards the north. Late hours and anxious l)ursuits exhaust vitality, iiroducing disease and prematme death, therefore the hours of labor and study should be .short. Take abund- ant exercise and recreation. I3e moderate in eating and drinking, using simple and plain diet, avoidintr strong drink, tobacco, snuff, opium and every excess. Keep the body warm, the temi»er calm, serene and jilacid : shun idleness; if your hands cannot be usefully emjiloyed, attend to the cultivation of'your minds. For jmre health giving" fre>h air, go to the country. Dr." Stockton lFo\igh asserts that if alTthe inhabitants of the world were living in cities of the magni- tude of London, the human race would become extinct in a century or two. The mean average of human life in the United States is ;<^ years, while in New York and Philadeljihia it is oidv L',! years: about ho ])er cent, of the deaths in these cities being of childn'n under live years of age. A great itercentage of this excessive mortality is caused by bad air and bad food. Hkmkdv kor IIkai^.'Vche.— a Parisian jihysiciau has published a new remedy for lu-adaches. He uses a mixture of ice and salt, in pro- portion of one to one-half, as a cold mixture, and this he applies by means of a little i)urse of silk gauze, willi a rim of gutta percha, to limited s])ots on Uie head, when rheumatic headaches are felt. It gives THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 49 instantaneous relief. Tlie application is from )4 minute to 13^ minutes, and the skin is rendered white and hard by the applications. To Cure a Cold.— Before retiring soak the feet in mustard water as hot as can be endured, the fet t should at first be plunged in a pail half full of lukewarm water, adding by degrees very hot water until the desired heat is attained, protecting tlie body and knees with blankets so to direct the vapor from the water as to induce a good sweat. Next, to two tablespoonfuls of boiling water, add one table- spoonful of white sugar and fourteen drops of strong spirits of cam- phoir. Drink the whole and cuddle in bed under plenty of bed clothes and sleep it off. Worm Lozenges.— Powdered lump sugar, 10 oz. ; starch, 5 oz. ; mix with mucilage, and to every ounce add 12 grains calomel ; divide in 20 grain lozenges. Dose, two to six. Cure for Drunkenness.— Trarm?/^e(? ^ certain Remedy. Con- fine the patient to his room, furnish him with his favorite liquor of dis- cretion, diluted with % of water, as much wine, beer, coffee and tea as he desires, but containing % of spirit ; all the food — the bread, meat and vegetables steeped in spirit and water. On the fifth day of this treatment he has an extreme disgust for spirit, being continually drunk. Keep up this treatment till he no longer desires to eat or drink, and the cure is certain. JSpasms. — Acetate of morphia, 1 gr. ; spirit sal volatile, 1 oz. ; sul- phuric etlier, 1 oz. ;. camphor julep, 4 ozs. Mix. Dose, 1 teaspoonful in a glass of cold water or wine, as required. Keep closely corked and shake well before using. Ater's Sarsaparilla. — Take 'd fluid ozs. each of alcohol, fluid extracts of sarsaparilla and of stillingia ; 2 fluid ozs. each extract of yellow-dock and of podophyllin ; 1 oz. sugar; 90 grs. iodide of potas- sium, and 10 grs. iodide of iron. Brown's Bronchial Troches.- Take 1 lb. of pulverized extract of licorice: l^jU^s. of pulverized sugar; 4 ozs. of pulverized cubebs ; 4 ozs. pulverized gum arable ; 1 oz. of pulverized extract conium. Mix. Filling for Decayed Teeth.— Gutta-percha, softened by heat, is recommended. Dr. Rollfs advises melting a piece of caoutchouc at the end of a wire, and introduce it while warm. To extract Teeth with little or no Pain.— Tincture of aco- nite, chloroform and alcohol, of each 1 oz. ; mix ; moisten two pled- gets of cotton with the liquid, and apply to the gums on each side of the tooth to be extracted, holding them in their place with pliers or other instruments for from five to ten minutes, rubbing the gum freely inside and out. Tooth Wash— To PvEmove Blackness.— Pure muriatic acid, 1 oz. ; water, 1 oz. ; honey, 2 oz. ; mix. Take a tooth-brush and wet it freely with this preparation, and briskly rub the black teeth, and in a moment's time they will be perfectly white; then immediately wash out the mouth with water, that the acid may not act upon the enamel of the teeth. Cure for Lock Jaw, said to be Positive— Let any one who has an attack of lock jaw take a small quantity of spirits of turpen- tine, warm it and pour it on the wound— no matter where the wound is, or what its nature is— and relief will follow in less than one minute. Turpentine is also a sovereign remedy for croup. Saturate a piece of flannel with it, and place the flannel on-the throat and chest— and in very severe cases, three to five drops on a lump of sugar may be taken internally. 50 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. BIOGRAPHICAL REGISTER, ETC., DURING THE PRESENT CENTURY. 1847 isci NAME. BORN. DIED. Abbott, Jacob 1803 1879 Abbott, John S. C 1805 1877 Abd-el-Kader 1807 1873 About, Ediiiond 1828 Ad Beethoven, Ijudwig...l770 Bell, John ....1797 Bellini, Vincenzio 1K02 Bennett, J. Gordon. ..1795 Beranger, P. J. de 1780 Binney, Horace 1780 liismarck. Prince von 1815 Blair, Francis P 1791 1877 Bolivar, Simon 17S3 1830 Bonaparte, .Jerome.. ..1784 I860 Bi)nai)arU", Louis 1778 1846 l{onai)arte, Lucien....I775 1840 Bcmajiarte, Napoleon 1769 1821 Booth, Junius 13 1796 1852 1825 1881 1867 1843 1875 1871 1867 1877 1843 1801 1842 1816 1848 1817 1867 18.-.1 18.« 1870 186.'< 1827 1869 1835 1872 1857 1875 NAME, BORN. DIED. Boudinot, Elias 1749 1821 Boyd, Linn 1800 1859 ; Biackenridge, II. M..1786 1871 Bragg, Braxton 1817 1h76 I Breckenridge, J. C...1821 1875 Broderick, David C...1818 ls59 1 Bronte, C^harlotte 1X16 1^55 I Bronghau), II., Lord..l779 1868 Brown, John 1800 1859 Browne, Charles F....1834 1867 ■ Browning, Eliz. B 1809 1861 ' Browning, Orville U..1810 1881 Brownlow, Wm. G...1805 1877 Brownson, Orestes A 1^03 1876 Buchanan, Jame.s 1791 1868 Buckle, Henry Thos..lK22 1862 Bulwer, Lytton, Lordl805 1873 Bunsen, C. J. K., Baron 1791 1868 Burnside, Ami). E 1824 1881 Butler, Benj. F., of N. Y 1795 1858 Byron, G. N. (i.. Lord 17.^8 l.s24 Calhoun, John C 1782 1850 Cami)bell, Alex 1788 1866 Campbell, John A 1811 Cani])l)ell, Thomas.. ..1777 1844 Canning, (ieorge 1770 1827 Carev, Henrv C 1793 1879 Carlvle, Thoma.s 1795 1881 Carroll, Charles 1737 l.'^32 Cavour, Camillo 1810 1861 Chalmers, Thomas 1780 1847 (Planning, Wm. E 1780 1842 Chantrev, Sir F 1781 1841 Chase, Salmon F 1«08 1873 Chopin, F 1810 1>^49 Clarke, Adam 1760 1832 Clarksou. Thomas 1760 1846 Clav, Cassius M 1810 Clav, Henrv 1777 1852 Clayton, John M 1796 1.^56 Cleiucns, Samuel L...18,'i5 Clinton. De Witt 1769 1828 Cobbett, WiJliam 1762 1^35 Cobben, Piel.ard 1804 1865 Colburn, Warren 1793 1833 Cole, Tliomas, ..1801 1848 Coleridge, Samuel T..17T2 1834 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW, 51 NAME. BORN. Collins, Wm. Wllkie..l825 Cooper, Sir Astley 1768 Cooper, J. Fenimore..l789 Cornwallis, Charles... 1738 Corwin, Thomas 1794 Cowper, William 1731 Crabbe, George 1764 Crawford, Thomas.. ..1814 Croker, John Wilson. .1780 Cruikshank, George.. 1792 Curran, John Philpot. 1750 Curtis, Benjamin II. ..1809 Curtis, George Wm...l824 Gushing, Caleb 1800 Cushman, Charlotte.. .1810 Custer, George A 1839 Cuvier, G. (J. L. D., Bar 1769 Dallas, Alexander J. .1759 Dallas, George M 1792 Dana, James D 1813 Dana, Richard H 1787 Dana, Richard H., Jr. 1816 Darwin, Charles R....1809 Davenport, Edw. L....1816 Davis, Charles H 1807 Davis, David 1815 Davis, Jefferson 1808 Davy, Sir Humphrey. 1778 Dearborn, Henry 1751 Decatur, Stephen 1779 Dalaroche, Paul 1797 De Quincey, Th©nias.l7''5 Derby, Edw., Earl 1799 Dickens, Charles 1812 Dickinson, John 1732 Disraeli, Benjamin... .1805 Disraeli, Isaac 1776? Dix, John A 1798 Dixon, W. Hepworthl821 Donizetti, Gaetano....l798 Dore, Paul Gustave..l833 Duane, William J 1780 Du Chailhi, Paul B....11-30 Dudevant (George Sand) 1804 Dimias, Alexandre. ..1803 Dwight, Timothy 1752 Early, Jubel A 1818 East lake. Sir Chas. L.17^J3 Eaton, John Henry...l790 Edgeworth, Maria 1767 Elliot, Ebenezer 1781 Elliot, Jesse D 1782 Emerson, Ralph Wal- do 1803 Emmet, Robert 1780 Ericsson, John 1803 1841 1861 1805 1865 1800 1832 1857 1857 1878 1817 1874 1879 1.S76 1876 1832 1817 1864 1879 1882 1882 1K77 1877 1829 1821 1820 1.^56 1859 1869 1870 1808 1881 1848 1879 1879 1848 1865 1876 1870 1817 1865 1856 1849 1849 1845 • 1SS2 1803 NAME. BORN. DIED. Erskine,Thos.,Lord..l750 1823 Evarts, William M 1818 Everett, Edward 1794 1865 Ewing, Thomas 1789 1871 Farragut, David G.... 1801 1870 Field, Cyius W 1819 Field, David Dudley..l805 Field, Stephen J 1816 Fillmore, Millard 1800 1874 Fish, Hamilton 1808 Floyd, John B 1805 1863 Forrest, Edwin 1806 1872 Forsyth, John 17S0 1841 Fox, Charles James.. .1749 1806 Franklin, Sir John.. ..1786 1847 Froude, James An- thony 1818 Fulton, Robert 1765 1815 Gambetta, Leon 1838 Garfield, James A 1831 1881 Garibaldi, Giuseppe...l807 1882 Garrison, W. Lloyd. ..1804 1879 Gaskell, Eliz. C 1811 1866 Gautier, Theophile....]8ll 1872 George III 1738 1820 George IV 1762 1830 Gibson, John 1790 1866 Giles, Wm. Branch.... 1762 1830 Gillmore, Quincey A.1825 Girard, Stephen 1750 1831 Gladstone, Wm. E....1809 Goethe, J. W. von 1749 1832 Goodrich, Sam. G 1793 1800 Goodyear, Charles.. ..1800 1860 Gough, John B 1817 Gounod, Felix C 1818 Grant, Ulvsses S 1822 Grattan, ftenry 1746 1820 Gray, Asa 1810 Greelev, Horace 1811 1872 Grier, Robert C 1794 1876 Grimm, Jacob L. C...1785 1863 Griswold, Rufus W...1816 1867 Grote, George 1794 1871 Guizot, F. P. G 1787 1874 Gnrney, Joseph J 1788 1847 Guthrie, Jame.s 1792 1869 Haeckel, Ernst H 1834 Hale, John P 1806 1873 Halevy, Jacques 1799 1862 Haliburton, T. C 1797 1865 Hall, Robert 1764 1831 Hallam, Henry. 1777 1859 Hamilton, Sir Wm.... 1788 1866 Hamlin, Hannibal 1809 Hancock, Winfield S.1824 Harrison, Wm. Henry 1773 1841 Hastings, Warren 1733 1818 52 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 1875 1835 1855 1837 1S63 NAME. BORN. DIED. Hawtlioriie, Xath 1><04 l.'-64 Hayrtn, Franz Joseiih 1732 1809 Hayi'S, Kutherford B.1822 Hazlitt, Will 1778 1830 Headlt'V, JuhI T I.sl4 Ilclmholtz, 11. L. F...1821 Helps, Aitluir 1817 Heinans. Fi'licia D ...1704 Hendricks, Thos. A...1819 Herscliel, Sir J. F. M..1792 1871 Herschel, Sir Win 1738 1822 Holland, Josiali G 1819 1881 Holmes, Oliver W 1809 Holt, Joseph 1807 Hood, Thomas 1798 Hortense, Queen 1783 Hosmer, Harriet 1831 Houston, Samuel 1793 Howe, Julia Ward.. ..1819 Howe, Samuel G isoi l.s76 Hugh, Thomas ls23 Hugo, Victor Marie.. .1802 18,>'5 Humboldt, Alex, von 17(J9 1859 Humboldt, K. W. von 17G7 1835 Hunt, Leigh 1784 1859 Huxley, Thos. H 1825 Irving, Washington. ..17.'~3 1859 Jackson, Andrew 17(57 1845 Jackson, Thomas J... 1824 1863 James. George P. R...1801 U60 Jay John 1745 1829 Jeher.son, Thomas.... 174:5 1K26 Jett'rev, Francis 1773 1850 Jerrold, Douglas 1803 1857 Johnston, Albert S....1.'-03 - 1862 Johuston, Josepli E...1807 Joiuville, Prince de...l8l8 .Fdsepliine 1763? Kane, Elisha K 1^20 Kean, Charles 1811 Kean, Edmund 17.s7? Keats, John 1796 Kenible, Francis A...1811 Kemble, John P 1757 1823 Keiulall, Amos 17s9 l!-09 Kennedv, John P 1795 1870 Kingsley, Charles 1SI9 1875 Knowles, J. Sheridan 1784 1862 Knox, Henrv 1750 1806 Kossuth, Louis 1802 J -a Favette, Marquis de.-...' 1757 1834 Laniartine, Alph. de..l790 1^69 Land). Charles 1775 1>34 La .Motte Fouque, F. de 1777 1843 Landor, Walter Sav- age 1775 1864 1814 1857 1868 1833 1821 NAME. BORN. Landseer, Sir Edwin. 1802? La Place, P. S. de 1749 Lavater, Johann C...1741 Lawrence, Sir Thos.. .1769 Lee, Henrv 1756 Lee, Koheit E 1^07 Leech, John 1817 Legale, Hugh S 1797 Legendre, Adrien M..1752? Lesseps, Ferdinand del805 Lever, Charle.s 1^06 Lewis, SirG. C 1806 Lieber, Francis l.'-OO Liebig, Ju>tis von l.'-03 Lincoln, Abraham.. ..1809 Lind, Jenny 1821 Liszt, Franz isil Livingston, Edward. .1764 Living.ston, Robert K 1747 Livingston, David 1813 Lochart, J. G 1794 Longfellow, H. W....1807 Longstreet, James... .1820 Lossing, Benson J.. ..1813 Louis Philippe 1773 Lover, Samuel 1797 Macaulav, T. B. Lord 1800 McCulloch, John K...1789 McClellan, George B.lf-26 McDowell. Irvin 1818 Mackintosh. Sir. Jas.1765 McLean, John 1785 Macli.se, Daniel 1811? MacMahon, M. E. P. M 1808 Macready, Wm. C 1793 Madison," James 1751 Malibran, Maria F....1808 Mann, Horace 1796 Mauzoni, Alessandro 1785 Maria Louisa 1791 Marryat. Frederick... 1792 Martlneau, Harriet. ..1802 Mason, James M 1798 Mason, Lowell.. 1792 JIathew, Theobald. ..1790 Mathews, Charles 1776 Maury, Matthew F...1806 Maximilian (.^[exico) 1832 Meade, (leorge G 181.". Meagher. Thos. F ls2;{ Mehemet Ali I7(i9 Meissonier.JeanL. E.1813 Melville. Herman 1819 Metteruich, C. Prince von..... 1773 Meverbeer. Giacomo..l794 Michelet, Jules 1798 DIED. 1N73 1827 1801 1830 1818 1870 1864 1843 1^33 187--' 1^C:^ ls7_' 187;! 1865 1836 1813 1873 1854 1882 1850 186S 1859 1864 1832 1861 1870 1873 1S36 1836 1859 1873 1847 1848 1876 1871 1872 1856 1835 1873 1.-67 1872 1.''67 1849 1859 1864 1874 Din ? Ms ...l-«i w,i ■M w [■li\ w ■m m '.■is i« >21 HI :yA la ::.i: 1813 Hi Ki ::n m '.I'l .'.'I'll m 1870 1854 1852 1833 1813 1802 1869 1826 1872 1877 1877 NAME. BOBN. DIED. Mifflin, Tliomas 1744 1800 Mill, John Stuart If-Ofi 1873 Miller, Hugh 1802 1856 Miller. Samuel F 1816 Milne- Ed wards, H....1800 Mitchell, Donald G...1822 Moltke, H. C. B. von. 1800 Montalenibert, Comte de 1810 Montgomery, James.. 1771 Moore, Thomas 1779 More, Hannah ...1745 Moreau, J. Victor 1763 Morgan, IJaniel 1736 Morgan, S. O. Lady...l783 Morse, Jedediah 1761 Morse, Samuel F. V..1791 Morton, Oliver P 1823 Motley, John L 1814 Miiller, F. Max 1823 Murat, Joachim 1771 1815 Murchison, Sir R 1792 ls71 Murray, Lindley 1745 1826 Napoleon 1 1769 1821 Napoleon II 1811 1832 Napoleon III 1808 1873 Nast, Thomas 1840 Nelson, Horatio 1758 1805 Nelson, Samuel 1792 1873 Newman, Francis W.1805 Newman, John H 1801 Nev, Michel 1769 Nicholas I 1796 O'Connell, Daniel 1775 Offenbach, Jacques.. .1819 Ossoli, Margaret Ful- ler 1810 Owen, Robert 1771 Owen, Robert Dale....l801 Paganini, Niccolo 1784 Page, William 1811 Paley, William 1743 1805 Palnierston, Lord 1784 1865 Park, Mungo 1771 1805 Parker, Theodore 1810 I860 Parton, James 1822 Parton, Sara Pay son..l8ll 1872 Patti, Adelina 1843 Patti, Charlotta 1840 Paulding, James K....1779 Peabody, George 1795 Pedro II., of Brazil...l825 Peel, Sir Robert 1788 1850 Peirce, Benjamin 1809 1880 Pellico, Silvio 1789 1854 Percival, James G 1795 1857 Phillips, Wendell 1811 Pickering, Timothy. ..1745 1829 1815 1855 1847 1880 1850 1858 1877 1840 1^60 1869 NAME. BOR] Pierce, Franklin ISC Pierpont, John 178 Pierrepont, Ed wards. 181 Pinkney, William 176 Pitt, William 175 Pius IX 17^8 Stanhope, P. II., Earl l^'05 Stanton, Edwin M 1814 Stephens, Alex. H 1812 Stevens, Thaddeus... .179:5 Stevenson, Andrew.. .17^4 Stewart, Charles 1778 Stockton, Kohert F....1796 Stoddert, Benjamin...! 751 Story, Josejih 1779 Stowe, Harriet B isi2 Stuart, Alex. II. II.. ..1807 Stuart, Gilbert 1755 Stuart. James E. B...18;a Sue, Eu{,H'ne 1804 Sullivan, James 1744 Sully, Thomas 17s;i Sumner, Charles 1811 Tat'lioni, Marie 1804 Talfounl. T. N 1794 Tall('yrand-Porigord.l7.')4 Talma, Francois Jos.. 1703 Taney, Roger B 1777 Ta V lor. Bayard 1 s25 Taylor, Isaac ItU.S ? Taylor, Zachary 1784 Tegner, Esaias.' 1 782 Tenny.son, Alfred 1809? Thackeray, \V. M IMl Thierry, J. N. A 1795 'I'hiers, LouisAdolphel797 Thomas, (Jcorue ll....isl(> Thorwaldscn. Bertcl. 1770 TIeck, LudwJK 177:5 Tildcn, Samuel J 1814 Tomi>kins, Daniel B..1774 T(K)ke, J. Home 17;«> Toombs, Robert IslO Trumbull, John 175tJ Trumbull, .Jonathan. 1740 Tnixton, Thomas 17.15 'i'ucker, St. (;corge...l752 Tuekernum, U. T 1813 1879 1831 1864 1870 1874 1844 1871 1845 1829 1872 1851 1843 186(5 1855 1K75 1869 1868 1857 1869 1866 1813 1845 1828 18(i4 1857 1808 1872 1K74 BOHN. DIED. 1.S54 183S 1826 1864 1.S78 1S65 1850 1846 U63 18.5() 1877 1870 1844 1853 1825 1812 1843 1809 1 S22 1827 1871 Tupper, Martin F Turner, J. M. W Twigg.s, David E Tvler, John Uldand, Johann L.... Upshur, Abel P Ure, Andrew Vallandigham, C. L.. Van Buren, Martin... Vaudcrbilt, C Verdi, (iiuseppe Vernet, Horace Victor I'^mmanuel II.. Victoria, Alexandrina Villemain, Abel F Wade, Benjamin F... Wagner, Richard Waite, Morrison R. ... Walker, Robert J Washburne, Elihu B. Watt, James AVavne, James M Wet)i'r, Karl M. von.. Webster, Noah Welles, (Jideon Wellington, Duke of West, Benjamin Whatley, Richard Wheatiin, Hcnrv Wheeler, William A.. Wbewell, William Whitney, Eli Whittier, John C WicklilTe, Charles A. Wi.'land, C. M Wilberforce, Wm Wilkes, Charles Wilkie, Sir David Wilkin.son, James William IV Wilmot, David Wilson, Alexander.... Wil.son, Henry Wilson, John Winthroi). Robert C. Wirt, Willuun Wise, Henry A Wiseman, Cardinal... Wolcott, Oliver Woodbury, Levi WoiKlworth, Samuel.. Wool, .lohn E Worcester. Joseph E. Wordsworth, Wm Wnixall, SirN. W.... Wright, Silas Wythe, (Jeorge Young, Brigliam 810 775 790 790 787 790 778 822 782 794 814 789 820 819 790 ."OO 813 816 801 816 736 790 786 758 ^02 769 738 7N7 7S5 819 794 765 807 788 7:53 759 801 785 757 765 814 766 812 785 809 772 806 s22 760 789 7n5 784 784 770 751 7y5 726 801 I THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. ' 55 DICTIONARY OF MUSICAL TERMS. Aecompammcnt. A secondary part added to the principal for tlie im- provement of tlie general effect. Adaaio. A slow movement. Ad libitiim. Implies that the time of the movement is left to the discretion of the performer. Allegretto. With cheerful quickness. Andante. Somewhat sedate ; slowly. ^ A temp. In regular time. Btat. An indication of a certain duration of time. Calando. A gradual diminution in speed and tone. Vhromatic. Proceeding or formed by semi-tones. Con. With; asConexpressione. Uresejulo. A gradual increase in tone. I Da. By. Delicato. With delicacy. Daks, or Dal. In a soft, quiet manner. Dolorosa, In a melancholy, sad style. Esprcssioo, or Con esepressione. With expression. Fine. The end. Fork, or For. Strong, loud. Furioso. With great animation. Oiusto. In perfect time. Orave. The slowest time or movement. Ousto, Con gusto. With style ; taste. Jl. The. Lnpetuoso. Impetuously. Jn. In ; as In tempo. Intrado, or Introduzioiie. An introduction to a piece of music. Largo. A slow and solemn degree of time. Legato. In a smooth, even manner. Leggiando. Lightly. Marcato. In a marked manner. Meme. The same. Moderato. Moderately. Malto. Very ; as Malto forte. Obligato. An essential portion of a composition. Ottava, or 8(w. An octave. Pedale, or Fed. Signifies that performer must press down pedal. ' Pe}i. A little. Piano, or P. Soft. Pianissimo, or PP. Very soft. Plus. More. Pocoapoco. Gradually; by a regular gradation. Premiere. First; as Premiere fois ; first time. Presto. Very quick. Prima. As Violino primo, first violin. Quasi. In the manner of ; like. Quieto. With repose, quietly. nitenente, Ritenato. Decreasing in speed. Segno. Sign ; as al segno, go back to sign. Solo, Sola. Alone. A composition rendered by one person. Sostenuto, or Sost. Prolonged : sustained. Spirito. With spirit. Staccato. Each note to be distinctly marked. Stesso. The same. Syncopation. Connecting tlie last note of a bar with the first note of the following, thus forming one prolonged witli a duration equal to the two. Tarda. Slowly. Tempo Comodo. Conveniently. Theme. A su6ject. Tranquillo. Tranquilly. Tremendi. With terrific expression. Trille, or Trillo. A trill or shake. Trio. A composition for three performers. Triplet. A group of three notes equal in duration of time to two notes of the same value. Un A. As un poco, a little. Veloce. Rapidly. 56 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. THE DAYS OF THE TVEEK AND THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR. DAYS OF THE WEEK. Sunday, the first day of the week, was originally so called because it was specially devoted to the worship of the sun, regarded as the first and greatest of pagan deities. As associated with Christianity, it is more correct to call it the Lord's Day, Jesus liaving risen on the first day of the week. iloNDAY, the second day of the week, is so called because it was dedicated by ancient pagans, and especially by the early Saxons, to the worship of the moon. Tuesday, the third day of the week, was dedicated by the ancient Saxons to the worship of Tuisco, the god of war. Wednesday, the fourth day of the week, was observed by the an- cient Saxons in honor of Woden. — Ash Wednesday, the first day of Lent, so called from the Roman Catholic practice of sprinkling ashes on the head in token of penitence. Thursday, the fifth day of the week, was observed by the ancient Saxons on account of Tlior, supposed to be a deity of tlie Scandina- vians. Friday, the sixth day of the week, so called from Frea, or Friga, a Saxon goddess. On account of the Crucifixion occurring on the sixth day of the week, it is ob.served by the Church of England and the Church of Rome as a fast. Saturday, the seventh day of the week, so called from Seat^r, a Saxon deity corresponding to Saturn. Saturday is still universally ob- served as the Sabbath by Jews. THE MOXTIIS. The twelve months i)f the modern yearare called calendar months, to distinguish them from lunar months, of which there are thirteen and a fraction of a fourteenth annually. The calendar is a list of all the (lays of the year. Januahy. Its name is said by somt^ to be derived from Jaiuis, a Roman deity, who was supposed to i)reside over the new year as well as over all new undertakings. But others say that it was derived from anna, a gate. February, derives its name from Fibnia, a feast held by the Ivomans on the 15th of the month in honor of Lupercus, the god of fer- tility. February having usually twenty-eight days, but twenty-nine days every fourth year, each such year Is called theref(jre bissextile, or Ipap year, distinguished by being equally divisible by four. THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. 57 March, the third month of the year, was not so regarded until 1751. It was regarded as tlie first mouth by Komulus, the supposed son of Mars, the god of war, whence the name of the month was derived. April, the fourth month of the year, so called from aperilis, I open, the mouth of the opening of buds and fertility. May, the fifth month of the year, the name being derived fi'om Maia, the mother of Mercury, to whom the first of the month was dedi- cated as a festival, thus originating May Day. June, the sixth month of the yeai", is supposed to have derived its name from Junius Brutus. July, the seventh month of the year, so called in honor of Julius Csesar, who adjusted the old Koman calendar apon its present plan, B. c. 46. August, the eighth month of tlie year, derives its name from Augustus Cfesar. September, the ninth month of the year, still retains its original Roman name, derived from septem, seven, it having been the seventh month of the calendar of Romulus. October, the tenth month of the year, like the previous one, re- tains its old Roman name, derived from octo, eight, in which order it was placed under Romulus. November, the eleventh month of the year, but the ninth of the early Roman period, hence called from novem, nine. December, the twelfth month of the year, but the tenth of the old Roman calendar, hence called from decern, ten. Being the reverse month of June, the shortest day of the year is always the 21st. Flavoring Extracts. OUR EXTRACTS are viadc on ly from the Finest Vanilla Bean and Choicest Fruits, of natural color and flavor. Absolutely Pure, only one quality — Extra Fine — strictly ad- hered to. Put up in packages easily recognized., original and unique. Their Excellence and Purity zvill coniniend their extensive use, by a discriminating public. J. E. BURNS & CO., 58 THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW. DISINFECT YOUR HOMES WITH AROMATIC THYMOLA DIFFUSED BV THE BRACKET HOLDER AND EVAPORATOR. ^ POV/ERRUL, WHOLESOME) PURIKIEDR. Prevents CHOLERA, DIPHTHERIA, MALARIA, SCARLET FEVER, TYPHOID FEVER, AND ALL INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Corrects BAD ODORS AND DELETERIOUS GASES. An Effective /Erial antiseptic. Cijr- rects zymotic influeiK'CS. 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