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 PHKSKNTIOI) liY 
 
THE WORK 
 
 OF 
 
 THE MARYLAND SOCIETY, 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Sons of the American Revolution, ^u 
 
 J0^ 
 
 1889 to 1902. 
 
 THE RESURRECTION OF PEGGY STEWART DAY. 
 THE BRONZE TABLET MARKING OLD CONGRESS HALL. 
 THE MONUMENT TO MARYLAND'S FOUR HUNDRED. 
 MARKING THE GRAVE OF MAJ.-GEN, WM. SMALLWOOD. 
 THE MARYLAND REVOLUTIONARY MONUMENT. 
 
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 r;^tH BE OF ^uc^ ^^ 
 
 Tba 3obi«tJ 
 
 FEB iS it)C 
 
Maryland. 
 
 THE neglect of the State of Maryland to spend the few thousand 
 dollars necessary to preserve its old Provincial, Colonial, and 
 Revolutionary history, has resulted in the almost total ignor- 
 ance by its people of the true facts in regard to the same. 
 
 How many of its citizens know the truth of the settlement of Kent 
 Island, years before Lord Baltimore landed at St. Marys? How many 
 know of the old flourishing Providence Town on the north bank of 
 the Severn, years before Annapolis was laid out, or even before it was 
 thought of ? 
 
 So it is in regard to what is known as the Revolutionary War 
 period, and when the true facts of those days are brought to their 
 attention, they are astonished at the brilliancy of the record of the 
 dear old State. 
 
 Taught from the school books published in the North, their young 
 brains have been crammed with pictures of the Boston Tea Party, and 
 full descriptions, page after page; but the far bolder action of the yx)ung 
 patriots of what is now upper Howard County and the section of 
 Montgomery County joining it, when they forced the burning in broad 
 daylight of the brig Peggy Stewart and her cargo of tea, by its owner 
 in Annapolis harbor, comes to them now from the almost oblivion of 
 the past, with such brilliancy as to force wonder. 
 
 The go-ahead States of the thirteen original colonies, have long since 
 published their old records and received the benefit from the same, but 
 those of Maryland, or large numbers of them, are to be found scattered 
 over the country, and in fact there rests in the custody of a certain 
 institution of Baltimore City, a large collection of valuable revolution- 
 ary documents, that causes the searcher after truth to wonder how 
 such State property could ever become private. 
 
 When the bronze tablet that marks the site of Old Congress Hall or 
 as known in "ye olden days," Jacob Kites' Tavern, at the eorner of 
 Baltimore and Sharp Streets was placed, one heard on all sides the 
 remark, " Why I never knew the Continental Congress met in Balti- 
 more." And yet within its walls during the winter of 1776 and 1777, 
 when the Congress had fled from Philadelphia, was enacted the legis- 
 lation that gave to George Washington the extraordinary power that 
 made possible the success of the army, and gave liberty to the people. 
 
 When the beautiful monument to Maryland's Four Hundred which 
 
marks the battlefield of hong Island was erected, surprise was almost 
 universal that a deed so grand and unequalled in the history of the 
 world, a deed that saved Washington and his army from capture, and 
 made possible the liberty of the people, should so long have remained 
 unnoticed and unmarked on the tablet of time. Truly, these young 
 martyrs to the cause, deserve far more than the monument on the 
 battlefield where they died that liberty might live. Truly republics 
 are ungrateful. 
 
 The United States Government which gave such 'large amounts, 
 from $50,000 to $80,000 to the Revolutionary Monuments at Benning- 
 ton, Trenton, Monmouth and other points, and has spent immense 
 sums for battlefields and monuments commemorating men of its army 
 in the war between the states, /las not giveii 07ie dollar to aid The Mary- 
 land Society of the Sons of the American Revolutioyi in the great work it 
 has accomplished. 
 
 Not 07ie dollar to do justice to the martyrs of Long Island, not one 
 dollar to the Old Maryland lyine, whose gallantry was so great that 
 Washington in the North and Greene in the South, both issued orders 
 that The Maryland L,ine should at all times use the bayonet. For nine 
 years petition after petition was presented to the National Congress 
 for aid in the erection of The Maryland Revolutionary Monument, but 
 not one dollar could be spared to commemorate the great deeds of the 
 troops known as the Bayonets of the Continental Army, and yet the 
 lessons taught by the same, might prevent a President's assassination, 
 and teach what true freedom means. 
 
The Charter. 
 
 THE Colonists of Ivord Baltimore arrived at St. Marys in 1634. 
 The Charter was liberal, and such a one as could be accepted 
 by the people of Wales, England and Ireland. There were no 
 persecutions for religious belief as in Massachusetts and Virginia, 
 and laws could not be made without the advice, assent and approba- 
 tion of the freemen. 
 
 In the very first Assembly, 1635, every freeman was entitled to a 
 seat and voice in the proceedings. 
 
 The second Assembly was held 1637, and the freemen rejected the 
 code of laws offered by Lord Baltimore, although liberal and just, 
 claiming the right to originate legislation for themselves, and so began 
 the fight in Maryland for the rights of freemen. 
 
 In 1 701 Parliament attempted the repeal of the Charter of Maryland. 
 In 1739 the Assembly successfully opposed taxes being imposed with- 
 out their consent, and this fight went on until 1765, when the attempt 
 to place taxes by Parliament and the Tea Tax of 1767 so aroused the 
 people, that the protest was almost universal throughout the colony. 
 
 The great meeting at Hungerford Tavern (which still stands at 
 Rockville, Montgomery County), protesting against the closing of the 
 Port of Boston was held. Sheep and wheat were sent to aid the 
 almost starving people of Boston, and to show the earnest sympathy 
 of the people of Maryland. 
 
 The great principle of "no taxation without representation ' ' was 
 being heard in every part of the colony. Clubs were formed and full 
 discussions held. The Assembly of 1768 met at Annapolis and when 
 the Governor threatened to prorogue the same, the members met and 
 endorsed the circular of Massachusetts for united resistance, and with 
 their Speaker at the head marched to the Governor's house and 
 informed him of what they had done. After this a new voice was 
 heard in the up-country clubs, and lawyers like Daniel Dulaney, who 
 had stood with the colonists, were aghast as they listened to the cry 
 "Liberty or Death!" and even Mr. Carroll protested, declaring it 
 treason. 
 
 Resistance was talked of, and the Assembly appointed Messrs. 
 Small wood, Griffith, Cresap, Purnell and Ware a committee to inspect 
 and report upon the arms of the colony. 
 
 In 1774 cargoes of tea were sent to several ports in the colonies. At 
 
Boston a body of citizens disguised as Indians, at night threw over- 
 board the tea and British vengeance closed the port. 
 
 This attempt to enforce the tax so aroused the people that meetings 
 were held over the colony and delegates to a general convention were 
 chosen and assembled at Annapolis June 22, 1774, resulting in the 
 appointment of delegates to attend a convention of all the colonies, and 
 take action to aid Boston and to preserve the liberties of the people. 
 
 It was at this time that the brig Peggy Stewart arrived at Annapolis 
 with tea, and Anthony Stewart, the owner of the vessel and who had 
 paid the tax, was forced with his own hands to set fire to the brig 
 and destroy both vessel and tea. This was the first over act of treason 
 in broad daylight committed by the colonists. 
 
 Who were these men, who for one hundred and forty years resisted 
 successfully all efforts of the Parliament of Great Britain to take away 
 their rights as freemen? The rights they contended for were guaran- 
 teed by the Charter of Lord Baltimore, and it was under those guaran- 
 tees that they settled in Maryland province. 
 
 They were Welsh, English, Irish and Scotch, and their ancestors 
 for centuries had fought for these same rights. 
 
 One thousand years B. C. the Cimbric ancestors of these Welsh left 
 the shores of the Black Sea and settled the Island of Britain. Their 
 laws made every Welshman a freeman by right of birth. 
 
 They defended their liberties for 1,300 years against Rome, Dane, 
 Norsemen and English, until treachery assassinated their princes and 
 hung their heads on each side of the gateway of the Tower of 
 London. It was the race that gave us Thomas Jefferson and one- 
 fourth of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and in 
 Maryland our patriots, Lloyds, Griffiths, Johnsons, Tilghmans, 
 Thomases, Greenberrys, Williams and a large number of the fearless 
 patriots of 1776. The great majority of the early settlers on the 
 Severn River were Welsh. 
 
 Was it to be expected that the descendants of the Englishmen who 
 forced Magna Charta from an unwilling monarch would shrink from 
 a defense of their birthright? It certainly was not so with our 
 Howards, Ridgelys, Warfields, Dorseys, Linthicums, Watkins, 
 Hobses and their fellow-countrymen in Maryland. 
 
 Could it be expected that the Irish, who have never ceased, even at 
 this late day, in demanding their rights of the English crown, would 
 fail in the day of trial for their adopted country ? 
 
 The records of the Carrolls, both Charles of Carrolltoji and Charles 
 the barrister, the last of whom as Chairman of the Committee of 
 Safety, which raised all the troops and had manufactured the arms, 
 etc., in the early days of the Revolution, working almost day and 
 night, prove that their names should live as long as their country. 
 
Resurrection of Peggy Stewart Day. 
 
 " Voti must either go with me and apply the torch 
 to your ow?i vessel, or ha7ig before your oum door. ' ' ■ 
 
 BY ( 774 the families who had settled on the banks of the Severn and 
 South rivers had so increased in numbers that their descendants, 
 seeking new homes, had, with other immigrants, so peopled the 
 country to the West and Northwest that Frederick was the largest 
 and most populous county of the colony. As early as 1765 the 
 people of Frederick had forced the officers of the county to disregard 
 the law to use stamped paper in official proceedings. The act of 
 Parliament taxing tea was passed in 1767 and from that date on to 
 1774 the intense feeling of opposition to all taxes without the consent 
 of the people had grown with such rapid strides all over the colony, 
 and particularly in the section of upper and middle Howard and 
 Montgomery Counties, that it was ' ' Liberty or Death ! ' ' instead of 
 "No taxation without representation" that was discussed in the 
 Whig Club of that section. Major Charles Alexander Warfield, 
 M. D., of " Bushy Park," was the president of that club and the first 
 man to propose a separation from the mother-country. His father, 
 when warned by Mr. Carroll, that such rash words might bring him 
 trouble, replied: " My son knows what he is saying, and I agree 
 with him." 
 
 Charles Alexander Warfield, M. D., born December 14, 1751, was 
 the oldest son of Azef and Sarah^ (Griffith ) Warfield. Azef was the 
 grandson of Richard', Progenitor of the Warfield family in Maryland. 
 He arrived in 1660 from Berkshire, England. 
 
 Sarah^ was the granddaughter of William', Progenitor of the Griffith 
 family in Maryland. He arrived in 1675. 
 
 MajorCharles Alexander Warfield, M. D., married Elizabeth Ridgely, 
 daughter of Major Henry Ridgely. 
 
 The following is from the painting by Peele owned by his only living 
 grandson, Dr. Evan W. Warfield, of Howard County. 
 
 It was this young man, who one year after his marriage called the 
 members of his club around him and mounting their horses he led them 
 to Annapolis. They wore these words on their hats : " Liberty or 
 Death!" and boldly they rode in broad daylight, with no disguises, 
 through the country from the uplands of what is now Howard and 
 Montgomery Counties. Down they rode through the lowlands of 
 
THE BURNING OF THE BRIG PEGGY STEWART. 
 
Anne Arundel and into Annapolis and to the front of the residence of 
 Mr. Anthony Stewart, who owned the brig Peggy Stewart and had 
 paid the tax on the obnoxious tea. Capt. Hobbs, who was one of the 
 party, has handed down this account of Dr. Warfield's actions and 
 words : ' ' Drawing them in line before the house he called on 
 Mr. Stewart to accept one of two propositions : ' Vou viust either go 
 7vith 7ne a?id apply the torch to your own vessel, or hang before your oivn 
 door.^ His mariner of expression, though courteous, carried the conviction 
 that it would be safer to accept the former, and Major War field stood beside 
 Mr. Stewart when he applied the torch.'' Off Wind Mill Point, Annap- 
 olis, October 19, 1774, as the flames from brig and cargo ascended 
 higher and higher, the light of liberty's torch flashed over colony after 
 colony and Maryland was committed to revolution beyond recall. Here 
 was a deed of treason so open, so bold and above disguise, done in the 
 presence of the Colonial Governor and his Council and by men of every 
 prominent family of their section, that henceforth there could be but 
 one stand taken — " Liberty or Death!" Then back rode the heroes of 
 the deed to make ready for what should follow. Home they rode, the 
 young leader to his bride-wife, the others to their sweethearts, wives, 
 sisters and mothers, whom they had left to go upon the expedition 
 that was to bring back to all their homes, the misery of a war eight 
 years in duration. A war that was to wreck happiness and cause such 
 bitter grief as only the gentle heart of woman feels, as she weeps over 
 the bier of her husband, son, father, or mourns the long absence of the 
 dear one who dies day by day within the prison walls of that hell upon 
 earth, the British hulks in New York harbor. Yes, to nearly all 
 families of that section was misery to come, lor the families of War- 
 field, Griffith, Hood, Welsh, Thomas, Howard, Ridgely, Dorsey, 
 Ivinthicum, Hobbs, Watkins and others, were to send their best to do 
 battle for God-given freedom. 
 
 The Maryland Society, Sons of the American Revolution, 
 was organized April 20, 1889, as the Maryland Society, Sons of 
 THE Revolution. On June 10, 1889, the Society met, changes were 
 made in the Constitution and name altered to "The Maryland 
 Society, Sons of the American Revolution." The annual meet- 
 ings were fixed for February 2 2d. 
 
 At the annual meeting, February 23, 1891, on motion of the Presi- 
 dent, Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, the date was changed to October 19th. 
 
 Resolved: That the annual meeting of the Society Vje hetld on the 19th of 
 October, the anniversary of the burning of the brig Peggy Stewart, at .A.nnapolis. 
 
 Board Meeting, October 15, 1891. 
 Mr. Mackenzie offered the following resolution which was referred to 
 the annual meeting: 
 
 Resolved, That the annual meeting and the banquet of the Society be here- 
 
after held on the 22nd of February, and that quarterly meetings be held on June 
 15th, the day upon which George Washington was nominated Commander-in- 
 chief of the American armies by Thomas Johnson, one of the delegates from 
 Maryland in the Continental Congress; on October 19th, the day of the burning of 
 the Peggy Stewart at Annapolis; and on December 23rd, the day upon which 
 General Washington resigned his commission in the Senate Chamber at 
 Annapolis. 
 
 Annual Meeting, October 19, 1891. 
 
 The resolutions offered at the meeting of the Board of Managers on 
 the 15th inst., and referred to this meeting were taken up and read. 
 
 Mr. Mackenzie's relating to annual and quarterly meetings was first 
 considered and disposed of by being " laid upon the table." 
 
 Colonel Griffith, one of the Board, opposed the adoption of resolu- 
 tion, pleading for a distinctly Maryland Day, marking some great 
 act of the Revolution, like the present date, which is the anniversary 
 of Peggy Stewart Day, the beginning of the war, and Yorktown its 
 ending. He moved that the resolution be " laid upon the table " and 
 it being seconded by Hon. Philip D. I^aird, it was carried. 
 
 Peggy Stewart Day has ever since remained the annual meeting day 
 of the Society, and as the great event has become better known, it has 
 been adopted by other societies, and the anniversary day is always 
 remembered in Maryland now. This resurrection of what only the 
 few remember and the many had either forgotten or never knew, is 
 due entirely to The Maryland Society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution. 
 
 Another Account of Dr. Charles Alexander Warfield, 
 M. D., AND THE Burning of the Peggy Stewart. 
 
 Taken from The Baltimore Patriot, published in 1813. 
 
 Departed This Life, January 29, 1813. 
 DR. CHARLES ALEXANDER WARFIELD. 
 
 To the Editor of the Baltimore Patriot. 
 
 Sir: In the Biography of the venerable Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, taken 
 from the Salem Register of 20th of September and published in your paper of the 
 24th, wherein is portrayed his just and eminent services from the commencement 
 to the termination of our Revolutionary contest, and whose subsequent and dis- 
 tinguished course has rendered him a blessing to his country, and placed him in 
 rank and estimation not to be surpassed by the renowned sages of the world; he 
 stands now the beloved friend and father of the American people loaded with 
 honor, age and goodness of heart. There is, however, one circumstance con- 
 nected with the Burning of the Tea at Annapolis that should not be forgotten, and 
 in which a highly respected and valued friend of Mr. Carroll participated. 
 
 The late Dr. Charles Alexander Warfield, of Anne Arundel County, who but 
 a short time before had obtained professional honors in the University of Penn- 
 sylvania and had been appointed Major of Battalion, upon hearing of the arrival 
 
MAJ. CHARLES ALEXANDER WARFiDLD, M. D. 
 
of the brig "Peggy Stewart," at Annapolis, loaded with tea, and which vessel 
 belonged to Mr. Anthony Stewart (a Scotch Merchant), put himself at the head 
 of the " Whig Club," of which he was a distinguished member, and marched to 
 Annapolis with a determination to burn vessel and cargo. 
 
 When this party arrived opposite the State House, the late Judge Chase met 
 them and harangued them (he had been employed as a lawyer by Mr. Stewart). 
 Dr. Warfield, finding that he was likely to make some impression upon the minds 
 of his company, interrupted him by observing that Chase had by former patriotic 
 speeches made to the " Whig Club " inflamed the whole country, and now wished 
 to get off by his own light ; and pronounced it submission or cowardice, in any 
 member of the Club to stop short of their object, and called upon the men to 
 follow him and he would himself set fire to the vessel and cargo; but it is stated 
 upon the best authority that the Doctor carried in his hand the chunk of fire in 
 company with Stewart whom he made to kindle it. When the party first entered 
 the city and was passing on they met Stewart, who was bold in opposition and 
 threatened them with the vengeance of his King and Government, but his threats 
 seemed only to increase their determination. They erected a gallows immediately 
 in front of his house by way of intimidation, then gave him his clioice either to 
 swing by the halter or go with them on board and put fire to his own vessel. He 
 chose the latter, and in a few moments the whole cargo with the ship's tackle and 
 apparel were in flames. Shortly after this Mr. Stewart left the country. This act 
 decided the course Maryland was to pursue and had an extensive influence upon 
 public opinion. The writer of this was in company with Judge Chase and 
 Dr. Warfield a few years before their death and heard them conversing upon the 
 subject, when Mr. Chase remarked in a jocular manner: "If we had not suc- 
 ceeded, Doctor, in the Revolutionary contest, both of us would have been hung; 
 you for burning the ship of tea, and I for declaring I owed no allegiance to the 
 king and signing the Declaration of Independence." 
 
 There were other movements and occurrences attending this early expression of 
 a revolutionary spirit. Our departed friend, but a short time before he marched 
 to the City of Annapolis to fire the tea, was parading his battalion in Anne Arundel 
 County in the vicinity of Mr. Carroll's residence, when he took upon himself the 
 privilege of printing some labels with the following inscription : ' ' Liberty and 
 Independence, or Death in pursuit of it," and placed one on the hat of each man 
 in his company. Many of the older neighbors who were present, were struck with 
 astonishment, and endeavored to pursuade him to have them taken down; for the 
 idea of independence at that time had entered the mind of but few men. 
 
 The venerable Mr. Carroll, the elder and father to the present patriarch, rode up 
 to the father of Doctor Charles Alexander Warfield and exclaimed: "My God! 
 Mr. Warfield, what does your son Charles mean ? Does he know that he has com- 
 mitted treason against his king and may be prosecuted for a rebel ? ' ' 
 
 The father replied with much animation and patriotism: "We acknowledge no 
 king, the king is a traitor to us, and a period has arrived when we must either 
 tamely submit to be slaves, or struggle gloriously for 'Liberty and Independence.' 
 The king has become our enemy and we must be his. My son Charles knows 
 what he is about. ' Liberty and Independence, or Death in pursuit of it ' is his 
 motto, it is mine, and soon must be the sentiment of every man in this Country." 
 The mighty words " Treason against the king " sounded from one end of the bat- 
 talion line to the other, and in a few minutes not a label was seen on the hats of any 
 of the men except Dr. Warfield and Mr. James Connor, late of Baltimore County, 
 who were too stern and undaunted to be intimidated by words, and they wore their 
 labels to their homes. Thus, those great patriots moved alternately between hope 
 and fear until they accomplished the great object of their lives. 
 
 13 
 
The Bronze Tablet Marking Old 
 Congress Hall. 
 
 THE campaign of 1776, beginning with llie battle of Long Island 
 and the continuing disasters of the retreat from New York City, 
 the battles of White Plains and^Harlem Heights, in all of which 
 the Maryland troops became so conspicuous by great bravery, and the 
 surrender of Fort Washington, had resulted in General Washington's 
 retreat from New Jersey across the Delaware River. 
 
 One defeat after another had the Continental Army met, and the 
 British Army in December was approaching Philadelphia. 
 
 The Continental Congress was in session in Independence Hall, 
 where only five months before its members had signed and sent forth to 
 the world that great document, " The Declaration of Independence," 
 with its unanswerable claim '"that all men are created equal; that they 
 are endowed by their Cyeator with cettaiyi inalie^iable rights; that among 
 these are life, liberty a7id the pursuit of happiness.'' 
 
 The citizens of the town were fleeing from the wrath to come, and 
 at last when all hope was lost, the Congress, on December 12th, 
 adjourned to meet in Baltimore Town. 
 
 On December 2otli Congress met in Baltimore and among its many 
 acts of wise legislation it bestowed upon General Washington extra- 
 ordinary powers to reorganize the army, so vast in scope as to belong 
 only to a dictator. 
 
 For seven days, and not in haste, they deliberated during the dark- 
 est days of the revolution, not knowing that another day's sun would 
 scarce pass beyond the "Western Horizon" before the news of the 
 great victory at Trenton would prove the wisdom of their action and 
 gladden the hearts of the great leader^and his army, then on its 
 successful campaign into New Jersey. 
 
 The greatness of this man is best shown as we look upon him sur- 
 rendering all his great powers seven years after to Congress in the 
 Senate Chamber at Annapolis. 
 
 Congress continued in session in Baltimore until February 27th, 
 1777, when it adjourned to meet on March 4th in Philadelphia. 
 
 The house in which the Continental Congress assembled, the site 
 of which the tablet marks, was on the south side of Baltimore Street, 
 then Market Street, and extended from Sharp Street to i^iberty Street. 
 
 It was a three-story and attic building, erected as a tavern by 
 
 H 
 
'•it§p 
 
 BRONZE TABLET MARKING OLD CONGRESS HALL, 
 CORNER BALTIMORE AND SHARP STREETS. 
 
Jacob Fite. In those days it was 'one of the largest houses in the 
 town, and no building stood beyond it to the westward. It fell before 
 the march of improvement comparatively few years ago after having 
 been burned out in i860. After the historic events of 1776 it became 
 known as Congress Hall. 
 
 The tablet has been placed at Baltimore and Sharp Streets, because 
 the evidence of George R. Granger, a descendant of Jacob Fite, shows 
 that the room in which Congress met, which has been accurately 
 described by John Adams, was located at the Sharp Street end of the 
 building. 
 
 It was the most noted tavern of the time for its tempting viands, 
 the excellence of its liquors and soft, deep feather beds, and one 
 having partaken of the first two had no troubles as he sank down in 
 the third on his road to the "Land of Dreams." 
 
 The Action of the Society. 
 
 At the annual meeting held at the " Lyceum Theatre Parlors" on 
 " Peggy Stewart Day," October 19, 1893, "General Bradley T. John- 
 son, President, had no formal report to offer, but he read the action 
 taken by the Continental Congress conferring the powers of dictator- 
 ship upon General Washington at a session held in Baltimore, Decem- 
 ber 27, 1776. He suggested that the Society mark with a bronze 
 tablet the building now standing upon the site, &'"." 
 
 At this annual meeting, Philip D. Laird was elected President and 
 Wm. Ridgely Griffith, Vice-President. 
 
 At the monthly meeting of the Board of Managers held at the 
 Northampton Hotel, November 10, 1893, " Colonel Charles T. Hollo- 
 way moved that a committee of three be appointed, of which 
 Mr. Griffith should be the chairman, to make arrangements for placing 
 a bronze tablet on the building now occupying the site of ' ' Old Congress 
 Hall,'" the Committee to prepare plans and obtain estimates of cost 
 and report the same to the Board of Managers before committing and 
 binding action." 
 
 Col. Griffith presiding appointed Committee as follows: 
 Wm. Ridgely Griffith, Douglas H. Thomas, 
 Charles T. Holloway. 
 
 At Board of Managers meeting held November 28, 1893, on motion 
 of Mr. Griffith the following was adopted : 
 
 Resolved: That the Committee on Bronze Tablet for marking the building at the 
 corner of Baltimore and Liberty Streets be, and the same is hereby enlarged to five 
 members, and that power be, and is hereby conferred upon said Committee, to 
 provide the ways and means for marking that, and other points of Revolutionary 
 interest in the City and State, provided that no debt shall be created for the said 
 
 16 
 
purposes, and in relation to marking the site at Baltimore and Liberty Streets said 
 Committee is instructed, if the same be practicable, to raise funds and complete 
 arrangements for placing the same with appropriate ceremonies on the 22d day of 
 February, 1894, and such other points as the funds at their command may justify. 
 Adopted. 
 
 Committee appointed as follows : 
 
 Wm. Ridgely Griffith, Douglas H. Thomas, 
 
 Charles T. Holloway, A. Warfield Monroe, 
 
 Dr. a. K. Hadel. 
 
 From The Baltimore Sun, Feb. 23, 1894. 
 
 THE TABLET UNVEILED. 
 
 A Throng of People Take Part as Listeners or Spectators. The Military and Civic 
 Parade. An Address by President Laird, of the Society of the Sons of the 
 American Revolution, and one by Mayor Latrobe. An Historical Object 
 Lesson . 
 
 The Bronze Tablet to commemorate the site of Old Congress Hall at Baltimore 
 and Sharp Streets, was unveiled yesterday in the presence of military and civic 
 organizations of Baltimore, and as many persons as could get near enough to hear. 
 
 The people had turned out in force with patriotic impulse to attend the cere- 
 monies and see the parade. The latter took place just previous to the unveiling 
 exercises. Spectators thronged the sidewalks from one end of the route to the 
 other. Flags were displaj'ed from house-tops and windows and on the rapid 
 transit cars, some of which were gaily decorated front and back with the national 
 colors. 
 
 The parade started from the City Hall shortly after 3 p. m. in the following 
 order : 
 
 Fifth Regiment, Col. Wm. A. Boykin. 
 
 Fourth Regiment, Col. Willard Howard. 
 
 Mexican Veterans, George A. Freeburger in command. 
 
 Volunteer Firemen, Charles T. Holloway, Marshal. 
 
 Members of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. 
 
 Members of the Society of the War of 181 2. 
 
 The line proceeded to the place where the Tablet was unveiled, l>y way of 
 Hollida}^ Street, to Baltimore, to Hanover, to Lombard, to Sharp, to Baltimore 
 Street. 
 
 Description of Memorial. 
 
 The tablet, a picture of which was given in TJie Sun yesterday, 
 is in its extreme dimensions about four feet wide and five feet high. 
 It encircles the corner of the building .southwest corner of Baltimore 
 and Sharp Streets. The present building has been occupied for a 
 quarter of a century by F. Schiennes & Co. The whole front of the 
 structure was decorated for the occasion. The centre of the tal^let is 
 a plate surrounded by an ornamental border. Upon the upper section 
 
of the plate is a picture in relief of old Congress Hall. Beneath is 
 this_ inscription in relief : 
 
 "On this site stood old Congress Hall in which 
 the Continental Congress met December 27, 1776, 
 and conferred upon General Washington extraordi- 
 nary powers for the conduct of the Revolutionary 
 War. ' ' 
 
 At the bottom of the tablet is a second inscription: 
 
 ' ' Erected through the efforts of The Society of 
 the Sons of the American Revolution, February 
 22, 1894." 
 
 Above the plate containing the picture and inscription is an orna- 
 mental cornice with an eagle with outstretched wings on each corner 
 and a supported scroll-work surmounted by a star in the centre. The 
 sides of the tablets are rounded. On one of these rounded sides are 
 the names of seven of the original thirteen states — Maryland, Penn- 
 sylvania, Massachusetts, Delaware, New York, Rhode Island and 
 Connecticut — with a star between each, and on the other the names of 
 the other six — New Hampshire, New Jersey, Virginia. North Caro- 
 lina, South Carolina and Georgia. Shields decorate the lower corners. 
 
 The success of the movement to erect the tablet was due to the 
 active committee of which Mr. Wm. Ridgely Griffith was the ener- 
 getic chairman. 
 
 The Unveiling. 
 
 It was exactly 3.45 o'clock p. m. as Vice-President Wm. Ridgely 
 Griffith of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution opened 
 the exercises attending the unveiling of the tablet, there being with 
 him upon the small platform erected President Philip D. I^aird of the 
 Society, Mayor Latrobe and Presidents Seim and Smith of the City 
 Council, Chief Marshal Holloway and General Charles A. Reynolds 
 and others. 
 
 Mr. Griffith, as Chairman of the Committee, turned over the tablet 
 to the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution in a few words, 
 saying simply: "Mr. President, the Committee appointed by the 
 Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revolution to mark 
 with suitable bronze tablet the historic site around which we are 
 assembled, report that work is completed and I present to you the 
 result of our labors." 
 
 During the short address the military stood at " present arms," and 
 at the conclusion Chief Marshal Holloway removed the covering and 
 
 18. 
 
the tablet was exposed to view. The band of the Fifth Regiment 
 played "The Star Spangled Banner," "Maryland, My Maryland," 
 and " Yankee Doodle," the crowd cheering and weaving their hats in 
 the air. 
 
 President I^aird accepted the tablet for the Society in an eloquent 
 address at the end of which he transferred it to Mayor lyatrobe, who 
 accepted the same, pledging the city to protect it. 
 
 The report made to the Society by the Chairman of the Committee 
 shows a total cost of $440.00. The subscriptions at $5.00 each 
 amounted to $325.00, leaving a balance of $115.00, which amount 
 Colonel Charles T. Holloway and Colonel Wm. Ridgely Griffith, two 
 members of the committee divided between them, being $57.50 each. 
 
 19 
 
MONUMENT TO MARYLAND'S FOUR HUNDRED. 
 
The Monument to Maryland's 
 Four Hundred 
 
 At Prospect Park, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 " Good God! what brave fellows I must lose today." 
 
 — George Washington. 
 
 AT Board meeting held December 14, 1894, President Griffith in 
 the chair, Mr. John R. Dorsey offered the following preamble 
 and resolution, which was seconded by Mr. Albert C. Kenly, 
 and after full discussion was unanimously adopted: 
 
 Whereas, it is of historical record that Smallwood's regiment of Maryland 
 regulars at the battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776, by their courageous stand 
 against overwhelming numbers, materially aided in preventing the capture of the 
 American army, and 
 
 Whereas, it is the purpose of this Society to suitably mark the scenes where 
 Maryland men performed deeds of valor in the War of the Revolution; there- 
 fore be it 
 
 Resolved, by the Board of Managers of the Maryland Society of the Sons of the 
 American Revolution that a committee of ten be appointed by the President of the 
 Society, of which he shall be Chairman, with power to provide plans and means 
 for the erection of such a memorial upon the aforesaid battlefield, provided no 
 debt shall be incurred by the Society. 
 
 At Board meeting, held January 11, 1895, the President reported 
 the appointment of the Committee on the ' ' Long Island Battlefield 
 Memorial: " 
 
 Wm. Ridgely Griffith, John Richardson Dorsey, James A. Gary. 
 Joseph ly. Brent, Edgar G. Miller, Charles T. Holloway, Robert E. 
 Woodridge, Francis P. Stevens, Edwin Harvie Smith, Samuel C. 
 Rowland, John Randolph Mordecai. 
 
 At a later date the large circular in regard to Maryland's four 
 hundred, descriptive of the battle of Long Island, was sent out. 
 
 Maryland's Four Hundred.. 
 
 When General Washington saw the preparation for a charge he 
 wrung his hands -and exclaimed : 
 
 ' ' Good God ! what brave fellows I must lose today. ' ' 
 
 It is not proposed in this circular to give a full history of the battle 
 of Long Island, but only a short account of the great bravery of our 
 
 21 ^ 
 
Maryland Four Hundred, that resulted in saving from capture a very 
 large part of the disorganized, retreating American army. Whose 
 fault it was that the Jamaica road was left unguarded, allowing a large 
 part of the British army to pass to the rear of the American forces in 
 the field, and such details, is foreign to our object, and we shall deal 
 only with General Lord Stirling's command and our Marylanders. 
 
 The brigade of Lord Stirling, on August 27, 1776, the day of the 
 battle, was composed of .Smallwood's Maryland, Atlee's Pennsylvania 
 regiments, Haslett's Delaware battalion, Kichline's riflemen, and two 
 field pieces brought up by Captain Carpenter. This brigade was in 
 position near the junction of the Gowanus road and the Martense lane, 
 near the western boundary of Greenwood Cemetery. They opposed 
 the advance of General Grant, a distinguished veteran officer, whose 
 command consisted of two brigades, one Highland regiment, with 
 several pieces of artillery, and two companies of New York Tories, 
 
 ' ' The plan of the enemy was to engage the right of the American 
 army at this point, while Lord Howe with the remainder of his force, 
 should flank the American line by the way of Jamaica and Flatland 
 roads, near the present Evergreen Cemetery." 
 
 The brigade of Stirling maintained its position against the enemy, 
 who largely outnumbered it, and the Delaware and Pennsylvania 
 troops distinguished themselves by their firm stand against the foe, 
 and only retired at the order of General Stirling. 
 
 ' ' There was sharp skirmishing at intervals for six hours, while the 
 distant roar of musketry and field-guns to the left told that General 
 Sullivan's troops were similarly engaged." 
 
 "Thus stood affairs until about eleven o'clock, when Howe rein- 
 forced Grant with two thousand men from the fleet; whereupon 
 Stirling ordered forward his Delaware reserves, under Colonel Haslett. 
 At the same time detachments from De Heister's column, which had 
 been pushed forward through the wood from the hills near the Porte 
 road, encountered the left of the Delaware battalion near Tenth Street 
 and Fourth Avenue. It now became apparent to Stirling that the 
 enemy had turned the American flank, and was pressing upon their 
 rear, as was shown by his left wing recoiling back upon his centre; 
 and all doubt was soon removed when he received intelligence that the 
 rest of the American army had melted away before the fierceness of 
 the British assault." 
 
 "General Sullivan having been surprised by the enemy, the contest 
 upon the left of the American line was no longer a battle, but a rout and 
 a massacre. Squads of the Americans were pouring in upon the left and 
 rear of Stirling's line, pursued closely by Cornwallis and the Hessians. ' ' 
 
 "On all sides the enemy were now closing around the feeble band 
 commanded by Stirling, with the intention to crush it, as they had 
 
 22 
 
THE CHARGE OF MARYLAND'S FOUR HUNDRED AT LONG ISLAND. 
 
done Sullivan's unfortunate army. The situation was terrible, but 
 Stirling did not lose his self-possession. The remnant of Sullivan's 
 forces were endeavoring to escape through the morasses and thickets, 
 and dense masses were crowding the dam at Freeke's mill. Many 
 were shot while struggling through the mud and water ; and it is not 
 improbable that some were drowned." 
 
 "Cornwallis had taken possession of the Cortelyon house, in the rear 
 of Stirling, and the latter saw that if he could not drive him back, or 
 at least hold him where he was, his whole command would suffer death 
 or capture. He resolved upon a costly sacrifice to save his retreating 
 columns, which were now toiling through the salt marshes and across 
 the deep tide-water creek in their rear. Changing his front and taking 
 with him less than four hundred of the Maryland regiment, under 
 Major Gist, Stirling ordered the rest of his force to retreat across the 
 Gowanus marsh and creek, which the rising tide was making every 
 moment less and less passable. ' ' 
 
 Smallwood's regiment, composed in a large part of the sons of the 
 best families of Maryland; nicknamed the " Macaroni" by the tories 
 of New York, due to perfect equipment, and proud of being distin- 
 guished as the best drilled and disciplined of the American forces, 
 were now to have their courage, their self-devotion, and their discipline 
 proved amidst slaughter and murder. 
 
 General Lord Stirling placed himself at the head of these sons of 
 Maryland, and " The little band, now hardly numbering four hundred 
 men, prepared for an assault upon five times their number of the troops 
 of the invading army, who were inflamed with all the arrogance of 
 successful combat." 
 
 " Forming hurriedly on ground in the vicinity of Fifth Avenue and 
 Tenth Street, the light column advanced along the Gowanus road into 
 the jaws of battle with unwavering front. Artillery plowed their fast 
 thinning ranks with the awful bolts of war; infantry poured its volley 
 of musket balls in almost solid sheets of lead upon them, and from the 
 adjacent hills the deadly Hessian Jagers sent swift messengers of death 
 into many a manly form. Still, above the roar of cannon, musketry 
 and rifles was heard the shout of their brave leaders, ' Close up! Close 
 up! ' and again the staggering, yet unflinching files, grown fearfully 
 thin, drew together and turned their stern young faces to their 
 country's foe." 
 
 "At the head of this devoted band marched their general, to whom 
 even victory had now become less important than an honorable death, 
 which might purchase the safe retreat of his army. Amid all the ter- 
 rible carnage of the hour there was no hurry, no confusion, only a grim 
 despair, which their courage and self-devotion dignified into martyr- 
 dom. The advance bodies of the enemy were driven back upon the 
 
 23 
 
Cortelyon house, now become a formidable redoubt, from the windows 
 of which the leaden hail thinned the patriot ranks as they approached. 
 IvOrd Cornwallis hurriedly brought two guns into position near one 
 corner of the house, and added their canister and grape to the tempest 
 of death." 
 
 "At last the little column halted, powerless to advance in the face of 
 this murderous fire, yet disdaining to retreat with the disgrace of 
 a flight. Again and again these self-devoted heroes closed their ranks 
 over the bodies of their dead comrades, and still turned their faces to 
 the foe. But the limit of human endurance had for the time been 
 reached, and the shattered column was driven back. Their task was 
 not, however, yet fully performed." 
 
 "As Stirling looked across the salt meadows, away to the scene of 
 the late struggle at Buckie's Barracks, and saw the confused masses of 
 his countrymen crowding the narrow causeway over Freeke's mill- 
 pond, or struggling through the muddy tide-stream, he felt how 
 precious to their country's liberty were the lives of his retreating sol- 
 diers, and he again nerved himself for a combat which he knew could 
 only prove a sacrifice. Once more he called upon the survivors of the 
 precious dreadful assault, and again the noble young men gathered 
 around their General. How sadly he must have looked upon them — 
 scarcely more than boys — so young, so brave, and to meet again the 
 pitiless iron hail ! ' ' 
 
 "The impetus and spirit of this charge carried the battalion over 
 every obstacle quite to the house. The gunners were driven from 
 their battery, and Cornwallis seemed about to abandon the position ; 
 but the galling fire from the interior of the house, and from the adja- 
 cent high ground, with the overwhelming numbers of the enemy who 
 were now approaching, again compelled a retreat." 
 
 "Three times more the survivors rallied, flinging themselves upon 
 the constantly re-enforced ranks of the enemy; but the combat, so long 
 and so unequally sustained, was now hastening to its close. A few 
 minutes more of this destroying fire and two hundred and fifty-six of 
 the noble youth of Maryland were either prisoners in the hands of the 
 enemy or lay side by side in that awful mass of dead and dying. The 
 sacrifice had been accomplished, and the flying army had been saved 
 from complete destruction. Amid the carnage Stirling was left almost 
 alone, and scorning to yield himself to a British subject, he sought 
 the Hessian General De Heister, and only to him would he surrender 
 his sword." 
 
 "On the conical hill within the American lines stood the Commander- 
 in-Chief, General Washington, and as he witnessed the assault, the 
 repulse, and the massacre, he exclaimed, in agony of heart, 'Great God! 
 what must my brave boys suffer today. ' From the eminence on which 
 
 24 
 
he stood, the termination of the last struggle of the brave Marylanders 
 was plainly and painfully visible to him." 
 
 Mr. Field says : " The sacrifice of their lives, so freely made by the 
 generous and noble sons of Maryland, had not been made in vain. An 
 hour, more precious to American liberty than any other in its history, 
 had been gained." 
 
 A part of three of the companies broke the enemy's lines, and fought 
 their way through to the woods, where they were either killed or cap- 
 tured. Only Major Gist and thirteen of his men made their escape 
 across the creek to the American lines. 
 
 "On the shore of Gowanus Bay sleep the remains of this noble 
 band." "Out upon the broad surface of the level marsh rose a little 
 island of dry ground, then and long after covered with trees and under- 
 growth. Around this mound, scarcely an acre in extent, clustered 
 a few of the survivors of the fatal field and of the remorseless swamp, 
 and here the heroic dead were brought, and laid beneath its sod, after 
 the storm of battle had swept by. Tradition says that all the dead of 
 the Maryland and Delaware battalions, who fell on and near the 
 meadow, were buried in this miniature isla.nd, which promised at that 
 day the seclusion and sacred quiet which befit the resting place of the 
 heroic dead. Third Avenue intersects the westerly end of the mound; 
 and Seventh and Eighth Streets indicate two of its sides." 
 
 "The very dust of these streets is sacred," for far below " lies the 
 dust of those brave boys who found death easier than flight, and gave 
 their lives to save their countrymen." "And our busy hum of com- 
 merce, our grading of the city lots, our speculations in houses reared 
 on the scene of such noble valor, and over the mouldering forms of 
 these young heroes, seem almost sacrilege; " * * * * * "but they 
 cannot rob the nation of the sad, sweet thought: 'She is Maryland, 
 our Maryland.' Her dead on the field of battle are our dead. Her 
 fame and her glory are our own pride and our rejoicing." 
 
 By the Committee of the 
 
 Maryland Society, S. A. R. 
 
 Note:— Compiled by Wm. Ridgely Griffith, from Memoirs of Long Island His- 
 torical Society, Botta's History of the American Revolution, Marshall's Washing- 
 ton, Force's American Archives, Spark's Washington, Battles of the United States, 
 by Henry B. Dawson, and McSherry's and Scharf's Histories of Maryland. The 
 streets and other points named in this article are within the limits of the City of 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 25 
 
THEY SAVED AN ARMY. 
 
 Comtnemoratins; the Sacrifice in iyj6 of Maryland' s 
 Gallant Four Huyidred. 
 
 A Monument to Heroes. 
 
 Unveiling Ceremonies in Prospect Park, Brooklyn. 
 
 Music, Poetry and Oratory. 
 
 Also a Street Parade of Militia and Soldiers and Sailors 
 of the Army and Navy. 
 
 An original poem by Dr. John Williamson Palmer — Brief Speeches by 
 Colonel William Ridgely Griffith, President of the Maryland Society 
 of the Sons of the American Revolution, and Mayor Schieren of 
 Brooklyn — An Address by General Horace Porter and an Eloquent 
 Historical Oration by Mr. George A. Pearre, of Cumberland, Md. — 
 A Banquet in the Evening — Description of the Monument and an 
 Interesting Account of the Exercises Before, During and After the 
 Unveiling. 
 
 The Monument in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, to Maryland's Four 
 Hundred, was unveiled yesterday. A feature of the occasion was a 
 stirring poem written by Dr. John Williamson Palmer, a native Mary- 
 lander and an author of national reputation. It is descriptive of the 
 battle of Long Island, and the most conspicuous part which Small- 
 wood's regiment of gay and gallant young Marylanders took in that 
 eventful day. Led by Stirling and Gist, the Marylanders charged 
 upon the enemy six times, held Cornwallis in check while the Ameri- 
 can Army retreated, and fought so desperately that nearly all of the 
 four hundred were either captured or killed. It was a glorious sacri- 
 fice for their country. The poem was read at the banquet in the 
 evening. It is as follows: 
 
 THE MARYLAND BATTALION. 
 
 Spruce Macaronis, and pretty to see, 
 
 Tidy and dapper and gallant were we; 
 
 Blooded, fine gentlemen, proper and tall, 
 
 Bold at a fox hunt and gay at a ball; 
 
 Prancing soldados so martial and bluff. 
 
 Billets for bullets; in scarlet and buflF — 
 
 But our cockades were clasped with a mother's low prayer, 
 
 And the sweethearts that braided the sword-knots were fair. 
 
 26 . 
 
There was grummer of drums humming hoarse in the hills, 
 And the bugles sang fanfaren down by the mills, 
 By Flatbush the bagpipes were droning amain, 
 And keen cracked the rifles in Martense's lane; 
 For the Hessians were flecking the hedges with red, 
 And the grenadier's tramp marked the roll of the dead. 
 
 Three to one, flank and rear, flashed the files of St. George, 
 
 The fierce gleam of their steel as the glow of the forge. 
 
 The brutal boom-boom of their swart cannoneers 
 
 Was sweet music compared with the taunt of their cheers — 
 
 For the brunt of their onset, our crippled array. 
 
 And the light of God's leading gone out of the fray! 
 
 Oh, the rout on the left and the tug on the right! 
 
 The mad plunge of the charge and the wreck of the flight! 
 
 When the cohorts of Grant held stout Stirling at strain, 
 
 And the mongrels of Hesse went tearing the slain; 
 
 When at Freeke's Mill the flumes and the sluices ran red. 
 
 And the dead choked the dyke and the marsh choked the dead! 
 
 Oh, Stirling! good Stirling! How long must we wait? 
 Shall the shout of your trumpet unleash us too late? 
 Have you never a dash for brave Mordacai Gist, 
 With his heart in his throat and his blade in his fist? 
 Are we good for no more than to prance in a ball. 
 When the drums beat the charge and the clarions call? 
 
 Tralara! Tralara! Now praise we the Lord 
 
 For the clang of His call and the flash of His sword! 
 
 Tralara! Tralara! Now forward to die; 
 
 For the banner, hurrah! and for sweethearts, good-bye! 
 
 "Four hundred wild lads!" May be so. I'll be bound 
 
 'Twill be easy to count us, face up, on the ground. 
 
 If we hold the road open, tho' Death take the toll, 
 
 We'll be missed on parade when the States call the roll; 
 
 When the flags meet in peace and the guns are at rest. 
 
 And fair Freedom is singing Sweet Home in the West. 
 
 Another poem written for the occasion was by Mr, Frank Squier, 
 of Brooklyn, and was as follows: 
 
 THE MARYLAND DEAD. 
 
 The daisy was red on that August day. 
 
 The buttercup yellow was stained with blood; 
 
 Their young lives went out in that dreadful fray. 
 As fought by the side of the tide at the flood. 
 
 The daisy today is snowy white, 
 
 The buttercup yellow is bright as gold. 
 But the song and story of that fearful fight 
 
 For long, long ages will still be told; 
 And not till our country has passed awaj^ 
 Shall be forgotten that August day. 
 
 27 
 
STORY OF THE DAY. 
 
 (Special Dispatch to The Baltiniorc Suit. ) 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., August 27111, 1895. 
 
 Maryland's monument to her heroic four hundred was dedicated by 
 a little band of two hundred Marylanders in the presence of represent- 
 atives of the governments of Brooklyn and New York, and thousands 
 of deeply interested citizens. The exercises were a success, and upon 
 the lips of every Marylander now in Brooklyn are praises for the 
 boundless hospitality of this city's people. 
 
 The Marylanders came from Baltimore on a special train over the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad, which left Union Station at 7.45. The 
 Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and their 
 invited guests, including a delegation of five, representing the Mary- 
 land Society of the Cincinnati, got into the cars reserved for them at 
 Union Station. Meantime their military escort, the Fifth Regiment 
 Veteran Corps, and one invited guest, Lieutenant Evans, of the Fifth 
 Regiment, took the cars at Calvert Station, to which they had 
 marched from the armory on Franklin Street. 
 
 The Veteran Corps turned out ninety-four men under the command 
 of Colonel George R. Gaither, divided into three companies in charge 
 of Captains F. X. Ward, Nelson Poe, Jr., and C. T. Davison. With 
 them was their band of thirty-six pieces. 
 
 The civilians numbered fifty-nine when the train left Baltimore, but 
 at Elkton men from Cecil County joined the party, and in Brooklyn 
 still others were added from the members of the Society who had cut 
 short vacations or business trips to be on hand at the dedication. 
 This made the total number of the Maryland visitors in the neigh- 
 borhood of 220. 
 
 Arrival at Brooklyn. 
 
 The visitors were met at Jersey City by two committees represent- 
 ing their Brooklyn hosts, the Committee on Invitation, David A. 
 Boody, Chairman, and the Committee on Transportation, James D. 
 Bell, Chairman. 
 
 As the Marylanders marched down the wharf with the Veteran 
 Corps Band at their head, the Brooklyn men doffed their hats and 
 stood with their heads uncovered until every visitor was on board the 
 steamboat Auroro, which was to carry the party around New York 
 harbor to the city of their destination. Then the band struck up 
 " Dixie," the Brooklyn men came on board and everybody spent the 
 next twenty minutes in getting acquainted. 
 
 The party were landed at Jewell's Wharf, foot of Fulton Street and 
 there boarded trolley cars for a ride to Montauk Club, which was to 
 
 28 
 
be their headquarters for the day. The cars were so gail}^ decorated 
 with American flags that it was almost impossible to distinguish their 
 outlines. Members of the Brooklyn Reception Committee occupied 
 front seats, and as the cars ran up Fulton Street and Flatbush Avenue 
 they pointed out the principal points of interest and the big business 
 houses. All along the line stars and stripes of all sizes mingled with 
 little flags prepared for "Maryland's Memorial Day," showed how 
 the general public of the city shared the hospitable intentions of the 
 business men who formed the Committee of Entertainment. Pretty 
 girls waved their handkerchiefs as the cars went by, and citizens 
 stood on the sidewalks and corners and waved their hats with a vim. 
 
 MoNTAUK Club's Greeting. 
 
 The Montauk Club has a handsome new building on Eighth Avenue, 
 within a stone's throw of the principal entrance to Prospect Park and 
 about a hundred yards from where the trolley cars were stopped. The 
 Maryland visitors were formed in line by the grand marshal of the 
 afternoon's parade, Colonel John N. Partridge, and marched up to the 
 Club, the front of which was elaborately adorned with flags and bunt- 
 ing. On the broad portico stood General Stewart E. Woodford, chair- 
 man of the entire Brooklyn committee. Colonel Charles A. Moore, 
 president of the Montauk Club, and a number of committee men, while 
 on either side of them were four youths dressed in buff and blue Con- 
 tinental uniforms and supporting the flags of Baltimore, of Brooklyn, 
 of Maryland and of the United States. 
 
 When the Marylanders reached the Club, Colonel Moore stepped 
 down to greet them, and in half a dozen words of welcome told them 
 that everything in the Club was theirs. Mr. John Warfield, of Balti- 
 more, placed himself in front of the Marylanders, and, uncovering his 
 head, answered the welcome by saying that, although Maryland had 
 always prided herself upon her hospitality, she would have to yield the 
 palm to Brooklyn. 
 
 This ended the formal welcome, and the visitors and their hosts 
 passed into the Club and were entertained by an elaborate luncheon 
 served in rooms on the upper floor of the building. As they entered 
 the Club the band in the street played " Dixie " again and then "Hail 
 Columbia," and as they sat down to the luncheon tables, a stringed 
 orchestra, stationed in the hall, struck up " Maryland, my Maryland." 
 
 Distinguished Men Present, 
 
 In addition to the visitors from Maryland, the Brooklyn committee 
 — a committee from the Empire State Society of the Sons of the 
 American Revolution co-operating with them — had as their guests, 
 
 29 
 
representative delegations from the State Societies of Massachusetts, 
 New Hampshire and New Jersey. 
 
 Governor Morton, of New York, is in Maine, and he was represented 
 by lyieutenant Charles T. Saxton and the Governor's staff in full 
 uniform, including among others John Jacob Astor. Some of the 
 special guests present were Maj.-Gen. Nelson A. Miles, of the regular 
 army; Commodore Sicard, in command of the United States navy yard; 
 Gen. Horace Porter, of New York, who is President-General of the 
 National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution; Mayor 
 Schieren, of Brooklyn; Mayor Strong, of New York; Ex- Mayor John 
 W. Hunter and David A. Boody, of Brooklyn; Gen. James McLeer, of 
 the Brooklyn Brigade of New York State militia; Col. Loomis ly. Lan- 
 don, formerly commander of Fort Hamilton, and Mr. A. A. Low, 
 brother of Seth Low. 
 
 Compliment to Mr. Squier. 
 An incident of the luncheon was the presentation of a gold insignia 
 of membership in the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution 
 from the Maryland Society to Park Commissioner Frank Squier, of 
 Brooklyn, who had labored so untiringly to make everything a success 
 in connection with the monument. The badge was presented to him 
 by President William Ridgely Griffith of the Maryland Society. It 
 was made by Tiffany, of New York. 
 
 The Street Parade. 
 
 After luncheon came the parade. This had been formed on Fourth 
 Avenue, a few blocks away, and it was 3 o'clock when it began to 
 pass the club house. About two thousand men were in line. Imme- 
 diately after the marshal and his aids came the First United States 
 Artillery; then a battalion of United States regulars from Forts Ham- 
 ilton and Columbus in New York harbor, commanded by Major Wil- 
 liam Worth, a son of General Worth, of Mexican war fame; a battalion 
 of United States sailors and marines, under command of Lieutenant- 
 Commander Dillingham, and then the fine Fourteenth Regiment of 
 New York State Militia, whose headquarters are in Brooklyn, 700 
 strong. Colonel Henry Mitchell commanding. In the second division 
 were eight Grand Army Posts, including one of colored veterans and 
 the Society of* Old Brooklynites. 
 
 Half a dozen bands were in line and they made things lively as they 
 passed the club house. "Maryland, my Maryland" was oftenest 
 heard, but Sousa's swinging marches and the Midway dance were 
 likewise popular. Acting-Governor Saxton and Colonel Griffith and 
 others reviewed the line from the club balconies and were greeted with 
 a marching salute by the military. They in turn responded by fre- 
 quent applause of some particularly fine .movement or drill. 
 
 30 
 
On the pavement in front the Fifth Veteran Corps were drawn up 
 and they returned the military salute. When the end of the first 
 division was reached they took their place in the line, and the com- 
 ments which they received from the reviewing party showed that in 
 soldiery bearing they were voted second to none in the line. 
 
 At the Monument. 
 
 When the procession had passed into Prospect Park, the reviewing 
 party and the Marylanders were taken in carriages to the monument 
 through some of the shady park driveways. Thousands of persons 
 were flocking across the lawns to the spot, and when the carriages 
 arrived fully forty thousand persons had gathered. The monument, 
 covered with an American flag and the oriole colors, stood half way 
 up the side of a hill over-looking the lake, almost in the centre of the 
 park and near the scene of the revolutionary conflict. 
 
 The parade was massed in the broad road alongside the lake, the 
 invited guests took seats in a small stand, the Fifth Veteran Corps 
 lined up at the foot of the hill and the Maryland Sons of the American 
 Revolution climbed the hill and grouped themselves, with uncovered 
 heads, around the monument. 
 
 From the ground where the observer stands to the top of the monu- 
 ment is thirty-nine feet. Twelve feet of this is the mound on which 
 the shaft has been erected, and the remainder is the monument itself, 
 which is in the form of a graceful Doric column of highly polished 
 Tennessee marble, surmounted by a brightly gleaming bronze cannon 
 ball resting upon ornamental bronze supports. 
 
 The cost of the monument was $3,000, which sum was raised by 
 subscriptions ranging in amounts from 50 cents to $125.00, and con- 
 tributed almost entirely by Marylanders. The design was made with- 
 out charge by Mr. Sandford White, of New York, a member of the 
 architectural firm of McKim, Meade & White. 
 
 The die block is of polished granite, and on two sides of it are 
 appropriate inscriptions in raised bronze letters. On the front tablet 
 may be read these lines: 
 
 IN HONOR OF 
 
 MARYLAND'S FOUR HUNDRED 
 
 WHO ON THIS BATTLEFIELD, 
 
 AUGUST 27, 1776, 
 
 SAVED THE AMERICAN ARMY. 
 
 Erected by the efforts of the 
 Maryland Societ}^ of the Sons of 
 the American Revolution. 
 
Immediately above these inscriptions the coat-of-arms of Maryland. 
 
 On the rear tablet are the words of Washington, uttered when he 
 saw the gallant Marylanders make one of their desperate charges upon 
 the enemy: 
 
 ' ' Good God ! what brave fellows must I this day lose. ' ' 
 
 The other two sides are not marked. 
 
 Column Unveiled. 
 
 When everyone had come to a standstill, Colonel Griffith pulled a 
 halyard and let the covering drop to the ground, while the shaft stood 
 revealed in all its graceful outlines. The throng burst into cheers, 
 the bands played, but above everything could be heard the thunder- 
 ings of a national salute fired from the crest of the hill behind the 
 monument by the Louis Wendel Battery of Brooklyn, and echoing 
 and re-echoing through the wooded hills on the opposite side of the 
 lake. 
 
 The Speaker's Platform. 
 
 The exercises connected with the presentation of the monument to 
 the City of Brooklyn took place in the park music stand about two 
 hundred yards distant from the monument itself. The party proceeded 
 there on foot through an avenue marked out across the grassy lawn 
 by rows of flags. In the music stand were gathered the wives and 
 daughters of the Brooklyn committee, and they greeted the Mary- 
 landers with cheers and waving flags. A small platform had been 
 erected for the speakers, and as they stepped upon it the Fifth Veteran 
 Corps welcomed them with "The Star Spangled Banner," to which 
 the band of the Twenty-third Regiment of Brooklyn responded with 
 " Maryland, my Maryland." Loud cheers from the Marylanders and 
 the rest of the audience were given when the old familiar strain had 
 died away. Gen. Stewart Woodford, chairman of the Brooklyn com- 
 mittee, presided over the exercises and made a brief speech, in which 
 he welcomed the Marylanders to Brooklyn. "Remember this," he 
 said in conclusion, "it is no longer ' Maryland, Your Maryland,' but 
 ' Maryland, Our Maryland.' We are proud of the .spirit of patriotism 
 which has caused you to erect this beautiful shaft." 
 
 After a prayer by Rev. Richard S. Store, of the Church of the Pil- 
 grims, Brooklyn, Colonel Griffith formally presented the monument to 
 the City of Brooklyn, with the following words: 
 
 The Formal Presentation. 
 "The deed of great bravery performed by the heroes we honor 
 today has but few equals inscribed upon the pages of the history of the 
 
 world. 
 
 "In the lost battle, borne back by the flying, 
 Where mingles war's rattle with groans of the dying!" 
 
 32 
 
Where all is rout and confusion, and where prisoners are being mur- 
 dered before their eyes, stands a little band of less than four hundred, 
 unterrified, unconquered, selected as a sacrifice that others might be 
 saved. 'Greater love hath no man than this, that a man laj' down his 
 life for his friends.' 
 
 " Four hundred against an army, but four hundred such heroes as 
 are born to do immortal deeds. Others will speak to you of how well 
 they fought and died, for in their blood was baptized the new-born 
 nation. 
 
 "It becomes my duty as president of the Maryland Society of the 
 Sons of the American Revolution to transfer to your custody and care 
 this memorial erected in honor of our kinsmen. We know you will 
 guard it well, for they were of the men who made our country and its 
 flag, and so with confidence I now transfer this trust to you." 
 
 Mayor Schieren's Acceptance. 
 
 "It is with great pleasure and pride," said Mayor Schieren, that 
 I accept as Mayor of the City of Brooklyn this beautiful monument so 
 generously presented by you, the Maryland Society of the Sons of the 
 American Revolution. 
 
 "This column is a fitting tribute to the heroism of the gallant 
 troops who shed their life blood here in behalf of freedom for this 
 country. 
 
 " No more appropriate spot could have been selected for this monu- 
 ment than right here in Prospect Park, the principal scene of the 
 memorable battle of Long Island. 
 
 "Its importance was keenly felt by Washington and he watched 
 with great anxiety the final outcome of the struggle, fearing the cap- 
 ture of his entire army, but to the heroic and determined stand made 
 by the Maryland forces belong justly the credit of checking the pro- 
 gress of the British troops, and thereby giving time for the safe 
 retreat of our army. Much of the final triumph of freedom was due 
 to the gallant defense here made. 
 
 " Yes, a new nation was born in that struggle founded by the peo- 
 ple and for the people, which opened an asylum and refuge for the 
 down-trodden and oppressed of all the nations on earth. 
 
 " Maryland may justly be proud of and point to the valor of her 
 sons of the revolution. This tribute which has been erected to com- 
 memorate their noble self-sacrifice, will ever be honored and revered 
 by us. It will be an incentive to patriotism on the part of the young, 
 who will here recall the heroic deeds of those brave men and be stirred 
 to read their history. Thus a spirit of true patriotism will be engen- 
 dered and a stronger love aroused for our country and our flag. 
 
 33 
 
" In the name of the people of Brooklyn I thank you for the gift of 
 this noble shaft, and will turn it over for safe keeping to the Commis- 
 sioner of Parks, Hon. Frank Squier, who will take special pains to 
 preserve and keep it from harm." 
 
 Eloquent Orations. 
 
 The two orations of the day were delivered by Colonel George A. 
 Pearre, of Cumberland, a member of the Maryland Society, and 
 General Horace Porter. Both were eloquent and both were inter- 
 rupted time and again by cheers and hand-clapping. These orations 
 are given in full in another part of this account. 
 
 Acting-Governor Saxton. 
 
 Acting-Governor Saxton also made a speech. " It occurred to me 
 just now, as I heard the bands playing," he said, " that the grandest 
 of all national hymns, the one which has thrilled the hearts of patri- 
 otic citizens for three-quarters of a century, was written by a son of 
 Maryland." 
 
 After praising the gallantry of the Maryland Four Hundred at 
 Ivong Island, he continued: 
 
 ' ' You must remember that the day we commemorate was the very 
 first on which an American army met in the open field the trained 
 veterans of the Old World. At Concord and Lexington, the New 
 England farmers fired their old muskets from behind trees and fences, 
 and at Bunker Hill they were behind earthworks. On long Island, 
 though outnumbered and surrounded, the Marylanders behaved with 
 conspicuous steadiness and bravery. 
 
 " We, too, have a share in the heritage of glory that has come down 
 from them. They are our countrymen as well as yours — Americans, 
 and not Marylanders only. In the generations to come your beautiful 
 monument will be an object lesson to our children, inspiring in them 
 a love of country and devotion to duty." 
 
 An Impromptu Appeal. 
 
 The exercises ended with an unexpected appeal to Brooklyn citizens 
 from General Woodford. "When I learned that the nearest living 
 descendant of Martha Washington, Mr. Edmund Law Rogers, was 
 among our guests today," he said, "I felt almost ashamed of looking 
 him in the face when I knew that this city had never raised a monu- 
 ment to the battle of Long Island, or never marked by a suitable 
 memorial the last resting place of ii,ooo martyrs who literally died 
 from starvation on board the prison ships in our harbor. The women 
 of Brooklyn have nobly started a movement for that purpose. Won't 
 you help them ? " A liberal response was made. 
 
 3.4 
 
Banquet at Night. 
 
 From the Park the Marylanders were taken in carriages to St. George 
 Hotel, where rooms had been assigned them. Their baggage had also 
 been cared for, and was found in their rooms on arriving at the hotel. 
 
 At night a banquet was given at the hotel in honor of the Maryland 
 visitors. The two poems commemorative of the battle were written 
 by Dr. Palmer and the other by Park Commissioner Squier, of Brook- 
 lyn, were read by Mr. James W. Owens, of Annapolis, and loudly 
 cheered. 
 
 Five hundred persons were present at the banquet. Mayor Schieren 
 presided, with Mr. Wm. Berri, of Brooklyn, as toast master. Mr. Rich- 
 ard McSherry, of Baltimore, made a response to the addi:ess of welcome 
 from Mayor Schieren. Governor Brown was down on the card for 
 a toast to the State of Maryland, but in his absence this was answered 
 by Prof. E. B. Prettyman, of Baltimore, State Superintendent of public 
 instruction. Two other Marylanders answered toasts as follows: 
 
 "The Women of the Revolution," Ex-State Senator John S. Wirt, 
 of Cecil County. 
 
 "Auld Lang Syne," by Mr. John R, Dorsey, of Baltimore. 
 
 The other toasts included: 
 
 " The Sons of the American Revolution," General Porter. 
 
 "' The State of New York," Lieutenant-Governor Saxton. 
 
 "The City of New York," Mayor Strong. 
 
 "The Army," General Miles. 
 
 "The Navy," Commodore Sicard. 
 
 "The Minute Man," Ex-Congressman Wm. C. Wallace, of 
 Brooklyn. 
 
 The festivities kept up until a late hour. 
 
 The Cortelyon House. 
 
 The purchase of the old Cortelyon stone mansion, around which the 
 Marylanders made their series of desperate charges, and its perpetual 
 preservation as a historical relic is likely to be one of the outcomes of 
 today's celebration. 
 
 When the Brooklyn Citizens' Committee meet again it will appro- 
 priate for this purpose whatever sum is left from its subscription fund 
 and will take steps to raise the balance. The old mansion stands on 
 what is now Third Avenue, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, 
 alongside of the Gowanus Canal. The lower story has been hidden 
 recently by filling in the marshes around it. 
 
 Badges and Medai^s. . 
 
 The Maryland visitors had plenty of badges on their breasts before 
 the day was over. When they started out each was provided with a 
 
 35 
 
blue and white ribbon badge of the Sons of the American Revolunon. 
 Some wore the tasteful insignia of the same Society, and many had 
 on an orange and black ribbon of the Veteran Corps with a metal 
 shield stamped with the coat of arms of Maryland and suitably 
 inscribed. At Jersey City each was given a bit of orange and black 
 ribbon to distinguish the visitors from their hosts. 
 
 On their arrival at the Montauk Club two official badges, one of 
 bronze- and one of white metal, were given to each of them. The die 
 for it was made under the direction of Colonel George A. Price, of 
 Brooklyn. This medal has on its obverse side a reproduction of the 
 monument. On either side of the medal are the figures " 1776 " and 
 " 1895." Over this is inscribed: " Maryland's Memorial Day," and 
 below is the seal of the State of Maryland. The figure of a Con- 
 tinental soldier is on the reverse, over which is " Battle of L/ong 
 Island," the seal of the City of Brooklyn completing the design. 
 This is suspended from a bar on which, in raised letters, is the word 
 "Brooklyn," with seven stars above and six below, representing the 
 thirteen original States of the republic. The ribbon from which the 
 medal hangs is a combination of the oriole and black of Baltimore 
 and the blue and white of Brooklyn, 
 
 Half a dozen reproductions of this medal in gold, with special 
 inscriptions, were presented at the banquet to Colonel William Ridgely 
 Griffith, Lieutenant Governor Saxton, Mayor Schieren, Col. Loomis L. 
 Langdon, Col. Price and Mr. Wm. Berri. Mr. Berri made the presenta- 
 tion speech to the other five recipients and was surprised to have one 
 given to himself by Park Commissioner Squier. 
 
 The marshals and aids in the procession wore orange and black 
 rosettes and ribbons of the same color on their batons in honor of the 
 Maryland visitors. 
 
 A handsome evergreen wreath was presented to the Marylanders by 
 the Long Island Chapter, Daughters of the Revolution, and placed by 
 them on the pedestal of the monument. 
 
 MR. PEARRE'S ORATION. 
 
 The oration of Mr. George A. Pearre, of Cumberland, Md., was as 
 follows: 
 
 " When America was discovered it was said that the new land con- 
 cealed a fountain whose perpetual waters had power to reanimate age 
 and restore the strength of youth. 
 
 "The tradition was true, but the youth to be restored was the youth 
 of society, the life to bloom afresh was the life of the race, and this was 
 to be accomplished by the war for American independence, which was 
 the consummation of freedom's struggle for nearly two centuries. 
 
 36 
 
' ' The forces working toward it had their origin in the great mental 
 revival of the Reformation of the sixteenth century. Man after grop- 
 ing through the darkness of feudalism, had at last faintly seen the 
 light. Free inquiry, freedom of thought in spiritual affairs, was soon 
 followed by the desire for freedom of thought and action in the tem- 
 poral order. The dignity of man's individuality had been clouded by 
 his subserviency to superior power. 
 
 "In the old civilization of Europe, authority moved from the superior 
 to the inferior. The government esteemed itself invested by divine 
 right with the power to furnish protection and demand submission. 
 
 " But a new principle had taken possession of the heart of man. 
 
 "The right to apply the powers of his mind to any subject and to 
 assert his individual judgment began to creep upon his intelligence. 
 Successive ages of struggle, successive lives and deaths of heroes in the 
 world of thought had brought to man the idea of the freedom of the 
 individual, and it was then but the work of time to carry him to the 
 comprehension of the force that lies in the collective reason of the 
 whole, to teach him to substitute the natural equality of man for the 
 hereditary privilege of monarchs, and to replace the irresponsible 
 authority of sovereign with a dependent government emanating from 
 the harmonized opinions of people. 
 
 The Spark of Liberty. 
 
 "The spark of liberty that first glimmered in the breast of the 
 Anglos and Saxons in the forests of Germany kept smouldering 
 through the centuries, now fanned into a flame by the tyranny of 
 kings until the Magna Charta is secured; again but a dying ember 
 under the Tudors; now flashing fitfully in the petition and declaration 
 of right, and again lost sight of in foreign wars — often faint, but never 
 dead; often hidden, but ever glowing in the Anglo-Saxon breast, until 
 it burst into a blaze of glory in the Declaration of Independence and 
 its full effulgence rested upon a free and united land. 
 
 ' ' The seventeenth century found Charles I on the throne of Eng- 
 land. Headstrong but vacillating, arbitrary but weak, tyrannical and 
 false, this monarch was little fitted to control the English people at 
 a time when the love of liberty was working in the souls of his 
 subjects. The divine right of kings was the political doctrine of the 
 Stewarts, the divine right of the people was the political truth of the 
 century. "Vox Regis, vox Dei'' was drowned in "Vox Popzili, vox 
 Dei." Wedded to monarchy and its forms, to kingcraft and its outer 
 glories, he was blinded by the narrow prejudice of a passing age to 
 the quickening light of the dawning day. Covered with debt, he 
 tried through land to renew old oppressions. The tax of ship money 
 
 37 
 
was revived, forced loans were exacted without the consent of Parlia- 
 ment, and at once the fight was on. 
 
 ' ' Prerogative took the field in its stubborn contest with the popular 
 will and never left it until the ' ' Declaration of Independence ' ' rang 
 the death knell as well to the tyranny of kings as the tyranny of 
 parliaments. 
 
 ' ' Then was the seed of union planted and Plymouth Rock was 
 made the corner-stone in freedom's temple. To escape political and 
 religious oppression the hardy sons of England fled from the evils 
 they could not correct, and already united by a common wrong, the 
 strongest tie that can bind men together, went in a common cause to 
 plant together the tree of liberty in a new land, where, watered by their 
 blood and nurtured by their care, it was to flourish and spread until it 
 became the refuge of the oppressed of all nations. 
 
 For Representative Government. 
 
 "The revolutions of 1640 and 1688 had declared to the world that 
 freedom of thought, freedom of speech and freedom of government 
 are rights inherent to man from his birth; they are God-given not 
 king-given rights, and that the colonies, happily separated from the 
 strifes of the mother country, flourish and prosper. 
 
 "In 1760, George III ascended the throne of England, and the 
 tyranny of the seventeenth century, which was supposed to have died 
 with Charles I and the deposition of James II, was revived. The hand 
 on the clock of time is turned back — civilization halts in its progress. 
 His whole policy was bent on the subjugation of the growing spirit of 
 republicanism in the colonies. 
 
 " To raise revenue, as Charles I had done, he undertook to tax the 
 colonists without their consent, and the stamp act was passed through 
 Parliament with scarcely a division. 
 
 "Then began the great struggle for representative government 
 against the arbitrary power of the king, which ended in the independ- 
 ence of the colonies. 
 
 ' ' Two great waves broke in fury over Great Britain and her colonies 
 in America. The one ancient, the power of monarchy, rolling with 
 the accumulated strength of centuries; the other modern, the united 
 will of the people, agitated by the tumultuous swelling of a popular 
 spirit, increased by the coming flood of newer and more modern 
 enlightenment, rolled on its overwhelming and resistless course. 
 
 " Englishmen had forgotten the revolution of 1688 and the rights it 
 had declared. The king had forgotten the lesson of the death of 
 Charles I, and the power to tax the colonies internally without their 
 consent, in the face of the Magna Charta, of the Declaration of Right, 
 
 38 
 
of the charters of the colonies, and of the overwhelming will of the 
 people as voiced in these two wars, was not only asserted as a financial 
 necessity, but maintained as a political right. 
 
 Union for Resistance. 
 
 ' ' Need I recount the events which followed in such quick succes- 
 sion and which drove the colonists into union for resistance, union for 
 defense, union for peace. ISieed I narrate the terror and pain that fell 
 upon them at the passage of the stamp act. Need I refer to the 
 patience with which they had borne the loss of one ancient right after 
 another; how Greenville, the minister of George III, had enforced the 
 navigation acts which had destroyed the commerce of the colonies; how 
 troops had been billeted upon the people; how the destruction of the 
 tea at Boston was followed by the infamous Boston port act which 
 closed the avenues of commerce and left Massachusetts destitute; how 
 manufactures were suppressed; how the charter of Massachusetts 
 guaranteeing all the ancient rights of Englishmen was altered; how 
 general warrants were issued and the Assemblies of the colonies dis- 
 solved; how the crown appointed the judiciary formerly elected by the 
 people, all with no resistance from the colonies except protest; how 
 humbly and loyally, how calmly and respectfully petitions flowed into 
 the king to redress these wrongs and to restore to the colonists the 
 time honored and guaranteed rights of Englishmen. 
 
 " When petitions availed not, when remonstrances were vain, when 
 patience had ceased to be a virtue and moderation had failed, the peo- 
 ple of the colonies, characterized as well by their loyalty and obedi- 
 ence as by their love of law and hatred of tyranny, rebelled against 
 the systematic oppression of George III. The immortal Otis inspired 
 Massachusetts by his magnificent patriotism and she proposed a Con- 
 gress of the Colonies. 'Join or die' echoed from the green hills of 
 New Hampshire to the shores of Savannah, Virginia under Patrick 
 Henry, South Carolina under Christopher Gadson, and Maryland, 
 with a spontaneous outburst of patriotism led by Thomas Jefferson, 
 approved the suggestion, and each of the colonies, catching up the 
 music of the Union, joined with heavenly harmony in the glorious 
 anthem of a new nation. 
 
 " Born of a common travail, sister in a common sorrow, threatened 
 by a common danger, with the same aspirations and a common 
 destiny, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, 
 insure domestic tranquility, provide for the defense, promote the 
 general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to themselves and 
 their posterity forever, they did ordain and establish the Constitution 
 of the United States of America. 
 
 39 
 
" The day-star of freedom had arisen — the flag of civil liberty was 
 planted on the battlements of the world's most advanced thought, 
 where it proudly waves today, the pole-star of the nations of the 
 earth, to the haven of man's political redemption. 
 
 An Hour in the World's Progress. 
 
 "And who rendered this consummation of civilization's contest 
 possible ? Who became the champions of right against might ? Who 
 became the guardians of the holy legacies of mankind's past struggles 
 for individual liberty for the most remote generations ? The soldiers 
 in the war of the American Revolution, and to commemorate their 
 lofty patriotism and unflinching courage are we gathered here today. 
 
 " Therefore the purposes of this meeting are noble, the sentiments 
 that animate its promoters are exalted, but their consummation tardy. 
 After the lapse of more than one hundred years the Maryland Society 
 of the Sons of the American Revolution has determined to commemo- 
 rate the valor and self-sacrificing patriotism of the revolutionary 
 heroes of Maryland by the erection of a monument worthy of their 
 services to the State, the nation and humanity at large on the spot 
 where on this, the one hundred and nineteenth anniversary of the 
 bloody battle of Long Island, the sons of Maryland filled with their 
 stubborn valor that hour in the world's progress most vital to the 
 cause of liberty in the history of mankind. 
 
 ' ' The first question which the gathering of earnest men and women 
 suggests is: 'Are there no public monuments on this field to the sons 
 of Maryland, who at the loss of more than one half their number, cov- 
 ered the retreat of the little army of the colonies and saved it from 
 destruction ? ' 
 
 An Epoch Making War. 
 
 "Is it possible that no shaft, either imposing or simple, rises from 
 the soil they made the home of freedom into the approving skies to 
 attest with silent and eternal eloquence our gratitude to them for the 
 blessings of civil and religious liberty ? Can it be true that no mauso- 
 leum contains the sacred ashes, no lofty column marks the final resting- 
 place of those pioneers who blazed the way from despotism to popular 
 government ? Is there nothing more enduring than the quickly fading 
 pages of history to preserve the memories of the men who converted 
 the impulse toward freedom, which has been working through the ages 
 into a rich realization the fruits of which can never die ? The men 
 who made the war for American independence, not a war for conquest, 
 not a war for glory, not a war for revenge, but an epoch in the history 
 of the human race ? 
 
 40 
 
"And it was true, until William Ridgely Grifi&th, the distinguished 
 president of the Maryland Society, conceived the noble idea of wiping 
 out this shameful fact by the erection of this handsome monument. 
 All other nations, all other States have shown their appreciation of 
 valor even though the motives for it were avarice or malice, and its 
 results local and transitory, and by the lavish expenditure of money 
 have fittingly commemorated it while we have waited more than a cen- 
 tury to celebrate the valor of Maryland's sons in a war which advanced 
 the landmarks of civilization, and the results of which were pregnant 
 with the promise of amelioration of man's condition for centuries to 
 come. 
 
 Comparative Greatness. 
 
 ' ' The despotism of Egypt touches the sands of the Nile and the 
 Pyramids rise in majestic grandeur to heaven, a hecatomb for mum- 
 mies. The patriotism of Maryland slept a century among the blessings 
 of free government before it thinks of recording the virtues of these 
 authors of greatness. 
 
 ' ' The genius of Thorwaldsen has been envoked and the Lion of 
 IvUcerne springs from the everlasting rock to commemorate forever the 
 bravery and devotion to duty of the hireling Swiss Guard of Louis XVI, 
 but the grave of Michael Cresap, who, with Thomas Price, marched 
 the first companies from the South to Boston in a war for independence 
 is unmarked and neglected, and his memory is fading into the echoless 
 silence of the past. 
 
 ' ' The fame of the military genius who waded through the blood of 
 thousand to absolute power, and whose ambitions unsettled the polit- 
 ical balance of the world has been made imperishable by the Column 
 Vendome and the Arch of Triumph, and his ashes lie enshrined in 
 a princely tomb on the banks of the Seine, while the grave of Moses 
 Rawlings, the patriot soldier, the hero of Fort Washington, lies hidden 
 by the weeds on the banks of the Potomac, and the ashes of Gunby 
 and Price, or Griffith and Ford repose beneath no public emblem of 
 man's remembrance. 
 
 ' ' A marble column rises from the heart of Baltimore to greet the 
 morning sun with continual tidings of the savior of his country, Vir- 
 ginia's immortal son, and yet the memories of Howard and Williams 
 and of Gist and Richardson lie wrapped in the silence of a hundred 
 years in the bosom of the State they loved so well. 
 
 ' ' The charge of the six hundred at Balaklava in a war of conquest 
 has been renewed in song and story with naught to commend its reck- 
 less bravery but obedience to military orders, while the six charges of 
 the Maryland four hundred, under the interpid Gist, against four 
 thousand veteran British troops under Lord Cornwallis at the battle 
 
 41 
 
of Long Island in a war for man's political redemption, has not inspired 
 the poet until now, or raised a monument to their memory. 
 
 Gallant Deeds Recalled. 
 
 ' ' Has custom dulled the heart of patriotism ? Has the greed for 
 gain made us unmindful of the services of Maryland's sons to 
 mankind ? 
 
 ' ' Must we be reminded that the Frederick County Court of Mary- 
 land first had the courage, eleven years before the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, to disregard the stamp act ? That before a hostile foot had 
 pressed her soil the sons of Maryland flew to arms at the trumpet call 
 of New York's oppression — not to defend their own homes, not to pro- 
 tect their own families, but to assist a sister colony in maintaining with 
 their blood the principles of free government ? 
 
 ' ' Must we again be told that the old Maryland Line under Griffith 
 and Price, was the first to drive the serried ranks of England from the 
 Heights of Harlem at the point of the bayonet, and that they bore the 
 brunt of every fight thenceforth to Valley Forge ? 
 
 ' ' Must the generous haste with which her sons responded to the call 
 of^ the conquered Carolinas be recounted, and how from Camden to 
 Eutaw Springs, through Guilford Court House, Habkirk's Hill and 
 Cowpens, with determined courage born of patriotic conviction, with 
 an impetuous valor inspired by its responsibility to the future of man- 
 kind, the Maryland Line, the Tenth Legion of Green's army, the Old 
 Guard of the Continental forces, dashed with Morgan through the 
 veterans of the daring Tarleton and with Howard through the Irish 
 Buffs of the gallant Webster and drove them at the point of the 
 bayonet in panic from the field? 
 
 ' ' To keep green the memories of the men who by such persistent 
 courage planted the foremost milestone in the path of the progress of 
 civilization and to perpetuate their fame to the most remote posterity 
 is the monument erected. By it will every Maryland hero of the 
 Revolution be remembered. However humble, however great, whether 
 as a private in the blackness of the night on some distant picket line all 
 alone he fell or in the mad crush of battle as the general at the head 
 of his victorious army at the very pinnacle of fame he died; whether his 
 grave be unknown or marked only by the modest daisy of the moun- 
 tain, or be the mecca of a nation's gratitude and marked by some grand 
 sarcophagus of the nation's woe, this worthy shaft will rise from Long 
 Island's soil to attest Maryland's devotion to the principles for which 
 they bled and to bespeak her tenacious affection for her unfortunate 
 dead. 
 
 42 
 
They Bled for Humanity. 
 
 "Not because like the cohorts of imperial Caesar they fought to 
 bring all nations to the feet of Rome, not because like the legions of 
 the great Napoleon they followed in blind idolatry the ambitious 
 leadership of an invincible chief to win his approving smile and to 
 wear the crown of the Legion of Honor, not because to gratify a 
 nation's greed for territory they stood like England's perfect ranks 
 with unshaken discipline to subjugate and acquire other lands, not 
 because they fought and died for plunder, conquest or the simple love 
 of glory, would we carve their names on endurable stone or emblazon 
 their virtues on everlasting brass, but, because, as the soldiers of this 
 nation the consummation and concentration of all the political wisdom 
 of the ages they fought to give it life, because, as the champions of 
 a newer and more enlightened progress they bled to render possible 
 the fulfillment of the New World's destiny, because, as the exponents 
 of civil liberty they died to teach the great lesson of humility to which 
 the civilization of the centuries had been struggling that all men are, 
 and of right should be, free and equal before the laws. 
 
 ' ' To accomplish such results the bridgegroom left the bride with 
 a hurried embrace to join the Maryland Line. This is why the son 
 with all the ardent patriotism of youth, left with an affectionate fare- 
 well his aged parents and hurried to the front, never to return; this is 
 why the Maryland mother, her patriotism and courage rising between 
 her heart-wrung sighs and dread forebodings, buckled to the side of 
 her first born the sword of his fathers, and with the last lingering kiss 
 of a mother's ineffable love upon his boyish brow, dedicated in life and 
 in death, if need be, her only son to the cause of his country. 
 
 " It was not for plunder that Cresap, Price and Rawlings marched 
 from their quiet homes in Maryland through 600 miles of forest to join 
 Northern brethren in the seige of Boston and the defense of Fort 
 Washington. 
 
 "It was not to gratify some towering ambition that Howard, 
 Williams, Griffiths, Gist and Smallwood bled. 
 
 ' ' It was not for purposes so base as these that hundreds of Mary- 
 land's sons laid down their lives among the green hills of the North 
 and the fair savannas of the South — a willing sacrifice upon the altar 
 of the country's liberty, and their martyr souls winged their flight to 
 the battlements of Heaven. 
 
 "They bled that the world's progress in the humanization of man 
 might not cease. They died to add another link in the chain of that 
 divine plan which, in the history of nations, can so plainly be seen 
 working out the higher civilization and the ultimate political and 
 moral redemption of mankind. This is the cause for which they 
 
 43 
 
fought. These are the results of their courage, their self-sacrifice and 
 their unflinching patriotism. All honor then to the Maryland heroes 
 of the war for man's freedom! They belong to no age; they fulfilled 
 the promise of the past and inspired hope for the future! They belong 
 to no nation; they opened the way to political enfranchisement to all 
 men." 
 
 GENERAI^ HORACE PORTER. 
 
 " I came here not to talk about New York's four hundred of the 
 present age," said General Porter, "but of Maryland's four hundred 
 of a past age. As ' distance lends enchantment to the view,' so do we 
 feel a more profound interest in events which have occurred long ago 
 than in those which have recently passed in review before us. 
 
 ' ' Some men take a deeper interest in the study of geology than in 
 history, for while history describes events which have occurred only in 
 the last few thousand years, geology tells us of occurrences which hap- 
 pened millions of years ago. It seems necessary that historical events 
 .should recede from us far enough to be placed at the proper focal dis- 
 tance before we can properly view them and appreciate them, and so it 
 is that in the contemplation of the wars in which our country has been 
 engaged, our principal interest centres in the most remote war — the 
 contest in which we gained our liberties. 
 
 English Race Supremacy. 
 
 " That struggle was fought by an army which, with its trusty bay- 
 onets and trenched blades, carved its name indelibly upon the tablets 
 of the nation's history. Its sufferings had not been matched since 
 the trade of war began. Its trials had not been equalled since the 
 days of the early Christian martyrs. It fought not only to secure 
 liberty for this land, but to hold out the hope of liberty to the oppressed 
 of all lands throughout the globe. It accomplished the greatest 
 achievement in the history of races. Froude, the distinguished his- 
 torian, has himself said that: 'Although the separation of the Ameri- 
 can colonies crippled the supremacy of England, it founded the 
 supremacy of the English race.' 
 
 Onb of the Turning Points. 
 
 ' ' While the war of the Revolution presented a splendid series of 
 battles in which there were innumerable instances of individual 
 prowess, personal heroism and matchless valor on the field, there 
 were some acts which stand out in particularly bold relief which are 
 salient points in the struggle. Such was the battle fought on the hal- 
 lowed ground upon which we stand today. It was one of the turning 
 
 44 
 
points of the struggle. If the patriot army gathered here had been 
 annihilated, is it reasonable to suppose that the colonies could have 
 created another in time to resist the superior British forces, composed 
 of trained veterans, who, flushed with the pride of victory, would|have 
 separated the Northern and Southern colonies and crushed them in 
 detail — that the cause of liberty would have gone in the gloom of an 
 eternal night. 
 
 ' ' The greatest crisis in this battle was the superb action of the 
 immortal heroes who marched here from Maryland. I will not attempt 
 to recall the events of this battle, particularly after listening to the 
 masterly historical address which has fallen from the lips of the elo- 
 quent speaker who has preceded me. I merely wish to unite with you 
 in recalling the record of imperishable deeds, of perpetuating the fame 
 of men who deserve to be immortal. 
 
 ' ' What the three hundred men who fell in defense of Thermopylae 
 were to ancient Greece, so are the four hundred heroes to America. 
 They did their duty and trusted to history for their need of praise. 
 The more history discusses them, the brighter becomes the lustre of 
 their fame. Their names are eternally embalmed in the hearts of their 
 countrymen. As long as manly courage is talked of or heroic deeds 
 honored, there will live in the memories of grateful people the names 
 of the martyrs who oiffered up their lives upon this memorable spot. 
 
 Revival of Patriotism. 
 
 "It is a great satisfaction to feel that there is today indisputable 
 evidences of the revival of patriotism. I believe that it is due, in 
 a large measure, to the zealous, systematic, untiring labors of our great 
 patriotic societies. The Maryland Society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution has for years been conspicuous for its patriotic achievement. 
 It has marked with appropriate tablets the places where the principal 
 revolutionary events occurred in that State. It has contributed much 
 patriotic literature, raised large sums of money and procured liberal 
 appropriations for the erection of monuments and statues to commem- 
 orate the deeds of the revolutionary heroes, and has held patriotic fairs 
 which have given young people an opportunity to view marvelous col- 
 lections of revolutionary relics. But this Society has never performed 
 a. more patriotic labor than the erection of the monument which we 
 have gathered here to dedicate. This graceful and beautiful shaft will 
 teach enduring lessons of patriotism. It will recall an heroic act of an 
 heroic age. It will remind generations yet to come that they should 
 make equal sacrifice in case war should ever again threaten the liberties 
 of the land. It will mark for all time the spot where rest the ashes of 
 that immortal band of heroes who were willing to die that the cause of 
 liberty might live." 
 
 45 
 
Subscribers to Monument. 
 
 The names of those who contributed to the fund of $3,000 for the 
 erection of the monument are as follows: 
 
 Wm. Ridgely Griffith, 
 James A, Gary, 
 Edgar G. Miller, 
 James T. Woodward, 
 Michael Jenkins, 
 Edwin F. Abell, 
 J. Randolph Mordecai, 
 Alexander Brown, 
 John R. Dorsey, 
 Bernard N. Baker, 
 Daniel Annan, 
 B. Irvine Keyser, 
 Edwin Warfield, 
 Richard M. McSherry, 
 Mrs. Harriet L. Hill, 
 Edwin Harvie Smith, 
 David L. Bartlett, 
 L/Ouis Elmer & Sons, 
 Jacob Tome, 
 Meriweather H. Griffith, 
 W. Dallas Goodwin, 
 Edwin Walters & Co., 
 Robinson N. Cator, 
 Wilbur F. Jackson, 
 Eugene N. Belt, 
 George T. Gambrill, 
 Ira H. Houghton, 
 P. W. Hanson, 
 John E. Hurst, 
 Douglas H. Thomas, 
 E. Austin Jenkins, 
 Thomas Skinner, 
 De Coursey Thom, 
 B. T. De Ford, 
 R. G MacGill, 
 John Hubner, 
 Wm. Strobel Thomas, 
 Frank S. Shaw, 
 Charles E. Houghton, 
 George W. Conover, 
 George H. Pearre, 
 Findlay, Roberts & Co., 
 Charles E. Shanahan, 
 Dr. Alex. L. Hodgdon, 
 Col. Henry D. Loney, 
 Wm. Collins, 
 W. P. C. Cockey, 
 James W. Owens, 
 Com. Felix McCurley, 
 
 U. S. N., 
 S. Hamburger & Sons, 
 Blake, Dowell & Helm, 
 
 George Bradenkoph, 
 Lieut. Theodore Porter, 
 
 U. S. N., 
 Lieut. James C. Cresap, 
 
 F. Maynard, 
 
 E. W. Thomp.son, 
 Patrick Anderson, 
 Samuel Duhamel, 
 Rev. Wm. Schouler, 
 John S. Wirt, 
 H. H. Haines, 
 J. C. Carhart, 
 J. Scharf Stockett, 
 Dr. J. M. Worthington. 
 Edward M. Young, 
 
 G. E. Davidson, 
 George Filbert, 
 John Gilpen, 
 
 Wm. G. HoUingsworth, 
 S. J. Caldwell, 
 Robert L. Wenits, 
 John S. Little, 
 Arthur J. Pritchard, 
 Miss Ella Torance, 
 Capt. Geo. Wisner Wood, 
 Charles T. Holloway, 
 Samuel C. Rowland, 
 Robert A. Woolridge, 
 G. W. Gail, 
 W. W. Spence, 
 P. T. George, 
 Eugene Levering & Co., 
 Hutzler Bros., 
 Wm. H. Whitridge, 
 George W. Clark, 
 Charles Broadway Rouss, 
 Francis P. Stevens, 
 John Warfield, 
 Charles J. Bonaparte, 
 Gen. Jos. Lancaster Brent, 
 William Keyser, 
 Frederick Chap., Daugh- 
 ters of the Am. Rev., 
 Harry A. Parr, 
 Cardinal Gibbons, 
 Edmund Law Rogers, 
 Maurice E. Skinner, 
 Gen. Clinton P. Paine, 
 Felix Agnus, 
 Thomas M. Maynadier, 
 Maj. J. W. S. Brady, 
 Capt. Yates Stirling, 
 
 Charles S. Houghton, 
 
 W. Graham Bowdoin, 
 
 Jesse Hilus, 
 
 Lloyd L. Jackson, 
 
 Dr. Samuel C. Chew, 
 
 Joel Gutman & Co., 
 
 H. Ashton Ramsay, 
 
 W. Pearre, 
 
 Gen. Chas. H. RcNUolds, 
 
 Barnes Compton, 
 
 John H. Jamar, 
 
 Wm. L. Raulings, 
 
 James E. Sprigg, 
 
 J. S. MacDonald, 
 
 Ruxton M. Ridgely, 
 
 A. B. Coulter, 
 
 C. H. Oelmn, 
 
 Edward N. Rich, 
 
 R. H. Maynard, 
 
 Wm. H. Boggs, 
 
 J. C. Price, 
 
 N. J. Duhamel, 
 
 Morris P. Stevens, 
 
 Dixon, Bartlett & Co., 
 
 Prof. E. B. Pretty man, 
 
 Mrs. Greenleaf Johnson. 
 
 Wm. H. Green, 
 
 A. Warfield Monroe, 
 
 Edward Reynolds, 
 
 Richard Johnson Duval, 
 
 H S. Duhamel, 
 
 John Partridge, 
 
 Alfred Kirk. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Roman, 
 
 Charles B. Tiernan, 
 
 Francos A. Edwards, 
 
 Thomas S. Miller, 
 
 Charles A. Lucy, 
 
 Jacob M. Pearce, 
 
 Andrew Aitken, 
 
 John H. Baylies, 
 
 Wm. S. Evans, 
 
 M. S. Krik, 
 
 T. B. Gillesfail, 
 
 T. F>ank Turner, 
 
 Joseph N. D. Danels, 
 
 James McConnell, 
 
 J. Noble Stockett, 
 
 Rev. De Witt C. Loop, 
 
 Rev. Thomas J. Packard, 
 
 Samuel H. Skiner, 
 
 Wm. Baldwin. 
 
 .46 
 
Col. Wm. Smallwood's Regiment. 
 
 The regiment of Col. Wm. Smallwood, when it left Maryland, had 
 about 900 men rank and file, but when it reached the camp at Eliza- 
 be thtown. New Jersey, the six independent companies from the Eastern 
 Shore of Maryland were incorporated, making the regiment up to 1,444 
 men rank and file. It was divided into two battalions, and it was four 
 companies of the second battalion under Major Mordecai Gist that 
 made the great charge of the "Four Hundred." Col. Smallwood and 
 lyieut.-Col. Ware were both absent in New York and the balance of the 
 regiment had been ordered to retreat by General Stirling. 
 
 At the annual meeting held October 19, 1896, Col. Griffith declined 
 a re-election and would not consent to have his name put in nomina- 
 tion, and Mr. John R. Dorsey, who had served the Society for seven 
 years, also declined. General Joseph L,. Brent was elected President, 
 and Dr. James D. Iglehart was elected Secretary. The Society voted 
 the retiring President for his faithful and successful work a set of 
 engrossed resolutions, and to Mr. John R. Dorsey for his seven years of 
 faithful service, a gold insignia of the Society. 
 
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM SMALLWOOD. 
 
CEREMONIES 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Unveiling of the Monument Over the Remains 
 
 OF 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM SMALLWOOD* 
 
 BY THE 
 
 Maryland Society of the Sons of the 
 American Revolution. 
 
 July 4, 1898. 
 Marking thk Grave 
 
 OF 
 
 Major-General William Smallwood. 
 
 At a meeting of the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution, held at the Hotel Rennert, on the evening of February 
 22, 1898, in honor of the birthday of General George Washington, 
 a resolution was adopted authorizing the President to appoint a com- 
 mittee to devise the ways and means to erect over the remains of Gen- 
 eral William Smallwood, who is buried in Charles County, Maryland, 
 a suitable monument to mark the spot, and whose grave had never 
 been marked, although he was buried one hundred and six years ago. 
 Some days later, General Joseph Lancaster Brent, the President, 
 announced the following names as the committee to act under the 
 resolution: Edward Reynolds, Douglas H. Thomas, Charles Thomas 
 Holloway, Edgar G. Miller, Dr. Albert Kimberly Hadel, Edward M. 
 Young, Dr. James Davidson Iglehart, Ira H. Houghton, Lewis S. 
 Elmer, R. R. B. Chew, Henry A. Ramsey and Joseph L. Brent. 
 
 After sev.eral months of labor, the committee meeting every two 
 weeks, they announced at the meeting, held on June 28, 1898, that the 
 stone, a massive block of granite, which had been contracted for with 
 W. A. Gault & Son, had at last reached the old walnut tree which has 
 stood (so says tradition) as a sentinel over the grave of General Small- 
 wood, and the grave so long neglected was marked for all time. The 
 committee decided that the unveiling ceremonies would take place on 
 July 4th. 
 
 The monument, a massive block of Woodstock granite, six feet 
 high and broad, was erected entirely by the Society, no contributions 
 by others than members thereof being received, and was placed over 
 the grave of the dead hero, about one hundred yards from the old his- 
 toric Smallwood mansion in Charles County, about thirty miles below 
 Washington. 
 
 49 
 
O '• 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 2 ^^ ." oo 
 
 Cr ^_ ;~^ J--^ 
 
 _j ^ ^L — .SC -S o^ 
 
 
 ^ V "^ "■" r^ 
 
 '.i:; e ^ 5 .2,.^ =?- 
 
!= i 
 
[INSCRIPTION OF THE MONUMENT.] 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 
 GENERAIv WIIvIvIAM SMALLWOOD, 
 
 A HERO OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 
 
 AND A NATIVE OF MARYLAND. 
 
 COMMISSIONED COLONEL IN 1776; 
 
 BRIGADIER-GENERAL IN 1 777; 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL IN 1780. 
 
 ELECTED GOVERNOR OF MARYLAND IN 1 785, 
 
 DIED FEBRUARY I4, 1 792. 
 
 ERECTED BY THE MARYLAND SOCIETY, 
 
 SONS OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 
 
 JULY 4, 1898. 
 
 The members of the Society who attended the unveiling were Gen- 
 eral Joseph ly. Brent, President; Samuel H. Shriver, Vice-President; 
 Dr. James D. Iglehart, Secretary; Dr. Albert K. Hadel, Historian; 
 Charles B. Tiernan, Allan P. Gunn, Edward M. Young, James W. 
 Owens, Edward Reynolds, Rev. Henry Branch, D. D., of Ellicott City, 
 Chaplain; and also Hon. William M. Marine, representing the Society 
 of the War of 181 2. 
 
 The Smallwood mansion is now unoccupied and in a dilapidated 
 condition. It is a one-story building, with apex or gable roof, built of 
 brick imported from England, but the walls have crumbled away con- 
 siderably. In one of the upper rooms it is said that George Washing- 
 ton and Smallwood, both of whom were members of the Alexandria 
 ( Va. ) lyodge of Masons, were accustomed at times to hold Masonic 
 gatherings, which were attended by neighbors, members of the 
 fraternity. 
 
 Country Residents There. 
 
 There were about six hundred persons present, mostly residents of 
 Charles County, who had assembled to assist in the ceremony of 
 dedication. 
 
 The ceremonies opened with prayer by Rev. Henry Branch, D. D., 
 Chaplain of the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution. 
 
 The Unveiling. 
 
 After the prayer, the unveiling took place, Vice-President Samuel H. 
 Shriver, of the Society, and Mr. Edward Reynolds, who is a connection 
 
 52 
 
of the Small wood family, handling the cords which loosed the flag. 
 This flag also, it should be said, has a history. It was the one used by 
 Colonel William H. Watson in Mexico, and covered his remains upon 
 their removal from Monterey to Baltimore. It is now the property of 
 his daughter, Mrs. J. D. Iglehart, and was never before used upon 
 a public occasion. 
 
 As the unveiling took place, the choir united in singing " The Star 
 Spangled Banner," and " My Country, 'Tis of Thee." 
 
 Dr. James D. Iglehart then stepped forward and said: 
 
 " Mr. President, the result of the work of the Committee is now 
 before you. The funds for its accomplishment have been subscribed 
 by the members of the Society. The monument will now be unveiled 
 by Edward Reynolds, a near connection of the Smallwood family, and 
 our Vice-President, Samuel H. Shriver. Mr. President, I now place 
 the monument in your hands." 
 
 After the conclusion of Dr. Iglehart's remarks, General Joseph L,. 
 Brent, President of the Society, spoke as follows: 
 
 "Standing now in the presence of all that is mortal of William 
 Smallwood, a hero, a soldier and a statesman, whose influence upon his 
 contemporaries began over a century and a quarter ago, I, as the Presi- 
 dent of the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, 
 and in obedience to its directions, hereby declare that we, in this remote 
 generation, acknowledge that we owe a debt beyond human expression 
 to the mind, soul and strong will of William Smallwood, who, in his 
 life, wrought, thought and planned in the service of his country, that 
 we come here, where reposes all of that perishable casket which once 
 held'his mind and intelligence, to place over it an everlasting granite, 
 a memorial which confesses our debt to him and will attest to future 
 ages our declaration that we salute and revere him as a founder of our 
 republic. 
 
 " I hereby declare this memorial of enduring granite over the remains 
 of General William Smallwood is well and appropriately set as a per- 
 manent monument capable of resisting the forces of nature so long as 
 the sun shines; and for its protection against the efforts of human 
 neglect or malice, I earnestly and confidently invoke the care and 
 patriotic affection of the good people of this old and noble Charles 
 County, of which he was a native, and which has given, through his 
 heroic sons, such frequent evidence of her ability and disposition to 
 serve the country." 
 
 General Jos. L. Brent introduced the orator of the day, Dr. Albert 
 Kimberly Hadel, historian of the Society, who said : 
 Ladies and Gentlemen of Charles County, and Compatriots oj the 
 Maryland Society of the Sons of the Ameticayi Revolution : 
 
 "We have made a pilgrimage on this glorious anniversary from the 
 
 53 
 
highest motives, those of duty and patriotism, to the grave of this 
 brave soldier, General William Smallwood. The work of pointing 
 the way and providing the means was left to a committee of our 
 Society, and in placing this modest but substantial stone over this 
 long neglected grave, it is but fair to all that the credit for our work 
 shall be placed upon shoulders worthy to wear it, and \^dlile each one 
 of the committee did what he could, yet to the unceasing labors and 
 unswerving loyalty of our Secretary, Dr. James Davidson Iglehart, 
 do we owe this tribute to our hero. 
 
 "This monument and the erection of our monuments and tablets is 
 but carrying out the purposes of our great organization, which is to 
 mark the graves of Revolutionary heroes and other historic spots, to 
 perpetuate all that is good in our institutions, and to keep alive mem- 
 ones which are valuable as lessons even in this hour of our greatness. 
 'In the whole calender no more appropriate day could have been 
 selected for this ceremony, for on this day the colonies declared them- 
 selves free of the power which had oppressed them and rose in their 
 indignation and threw down the gauntlet of defiance to their merciless 
 oppressor, and by that act aroused to action the thinking people of the 
 world and made it impossible for any despot to repeat the crime. 
 They gave a new impetus to struggling manhood, and in the confines 
 of their own beloved America, elevated the humblest man to a state of 
 sovereignty not known or enjoyed by any other people upon the face 
 of the earth; shook by their wonderful achievements the tottering 
 empires of the old world and laid the foundation of a great nation. 
 
 "General William Smallwood was the foremost military man of the 
 Maryland line, and a distinct agent in this struggle. 
 
 "He threw his influence and fortune in a cause which made him 
 a hero in the eyes of his fellowman, a cause which became so vital in 
 Its important relation to everyone in the colonies that upon its success 
 they staked their lives, knowing well the responsibilities of their act, 
 and believing that they were fighting for that which would in time 
 affect the future of the entire human race. Little did they dream that 
 they lived in the most heroic age of man and the most momentous 
 period of American history, or that the tread of their soldiers and the 
 voices of their statesmen would echo along the highway of Anglo- 
 Saxon civilization; for these men, although unconscious of it, had 
 worked out the problem which no other age had accomplished. 
 
 "They not only secured to themselves personal liberty, but paved 
 the way for its^njoyment by all the people in the world, and human 
 rights owe to them what civilization owes to Alfred the Great. 
 
 "We read upon this stone that William Smallwood was commissioned 
 colonel of a Maryland regiment in 1776, brigadier-general in 1777, 
 major-general in 1780, and was elected governor of Maryland in 1785. 
 
 54 
 
"History tells us that he was brave, generous and courteous, so 
 good a citizen was he, so well were his excellent qualities known to 
 his fellow-citizens, that for years he represented them in many move- 
 ments for which the people of Maryland were noted. 
 
 "His father, Bayne Smallwood, was a merchant and planter and for 
 many years represented his district in the Assembly of Maryland, and 
 for a long time was justice of the peace or esquire, an honorable posi- 
 tion as well as a social distinction which in the evolution of our politi- 
 cal system has almost passed away. 
 
 "No man was more respected than Bayne Smallwood, and in 
 Priscilla Hebard, of Virginia, a lady of family and fortune, he found 
 a worthy companion. 
 
 "At an early age William Smallwood was sent to England to be 
 educated, and in 1754, then about 21 years of age, he returned to 
 America to assist his father in the general management of his estate, 
 which was called by its original Indian name, 'Mattawoman.' He 
 never married. 
 
 "An historical and official record reads that William Smallwood was 
 a gallant and fearless soldier in the Revolutionary Army of the Mary- 
 land line, commanding the Maryland Forces, and came home after an 
 eight years' struggle for American freedom covered with glory; was 
 wounded at White Plains on October 14, 1778, and received by an act 
 of Congress, October 14, 1780, a vote of thanks for bravery and good 
 conduct at the battle of Camden, in South Carolina. He sheathed his 
 sword only when the liberties of his fellow-citizens were assured. 
 
 "He had at all times the confidence of General Washington and 
 corresponded with that great man to the last days of his life. Tradi- 
 tion tells us that he was frequently the guest of the first President, 
 and on several occasions had him as a guest in this historic house 
 which stands before us, and on the 14th day of February, 1792, he 
 passed away, about sixty years of age. 
 
 "This is but a brief sketch of the man whose grave we have marked 
 toda\^, who sleeps beneath this hill almost overlooking the tomb of his 
 beloved Washington, and whose memory we desire to honor, and in 
 this act of unselfish patriotism in bringing this stone to this quiet 
 spot far from the view of the busy world, we have not only done what 
 we believed to be our duty as an organized body of descendants of the 
 Revolutionary Army, but a tribute as well to the statesmen who were 
 the architects of our glorious government, who saw rising about them 
 as the result of battle a temple wherein should dwell the liberties of 
 their people which, by elevating man, could offer a home to the 
 oppressed of all nations, and with a scope and magnificence unknown 
 before, dazzle the whole world, and with the guarantees of her marvel- 
 ous Constitution, b2 recognized as the highest conception of man. 
 
 55 
 
"Memorials like these shall speak with a silent tongue to the mil- 
 lions of Americans yet unborn, and when our dear country shall be- 
 come so great and powerful, as it will, that it will obliterate the 
 world's past achievements, the statesmen of the day will turn to the 
 pages of the history of the American Revolution for inspiration, and 
 upon altars like these renew their allegiance to the structure which 
 gave life to liberty and to them an untarnished flag. 
 
 "When the names of Caesar, Alexander, Hannibal, Napoleon and 
 Wellington shall have been forgotten, Washington, Franklin. Jtffer- 
 son, Adams, Hancock and Smallwood will be the incentives for all that 
 is good and true and noble, for in the leaders of that struggle was 
 realized all that was truest and best in statesmanship, and awoke to 
 liberty from a despotic power which was now about to be laid upon 
 them with a mailed hand, but which would soon reach human endur- 
 ance, and in declaring war upon their mother-country they were 
 actuated by the same inspirations which have evolved every momen- 
 tous event and brought to battle every great issue since the creation of 
 man. In the breast of man has burned the fire of human liberty, 
 while sometimes dimmed by the elevation to power of a despot, and 
 although not able to analyze it, but man thus early in his existence 
 realized that there was a condition to which he could aspire, and an 
 aspiration which could not be extinguished. 
 
 "It was the unquenchable thirst for something better that prompted 
 the impetuous Gaul to over-run Rome. It was the same spirit which 
 lec^ the roving Saxon to conquest. It burned brightly in the breasts 
 of the followers of Pym, Hampden and Cromwell when they dyed 
 the soil of Runnymede and Marston Moor with the blood of the Brit- 
 ain; where the barriers set up by a despotic king where thrown down 
 and crushed. It lived and breathed again in the men who followed 
 William III to Kngland and in those who beheaded Charles II. 
 
 "It animated those who embarked in the Mayflower, little dreaming 
 for what they contended except the right to worship God in their own 
 way without interference, but conscious that even in the wilds of 
 North America there was something better, and when thrown upon 
 their own resources, and being compelled to make laws for their self- 
 preservation and having enjoyed for a time the happiness of self- 
 government, they then realized that that for which humanity had con- 
 tended for centuries was now theirs in the enjoyment of personal lib- 
 ert}^ and when, after years of privation and sacrifice and struggle, 
 they had maintained themselves and were building up a new nation of 
 Americans, they found the doors of the executive, judicial and finan- 
 cial departments of their mother-country to whom they had been loyal 
 in heart, closed to their appeal, and in their midst W'Cre soldiers with 
 loaded muskets to enforce laws which meant the destruction of their 
 
 56 
 
every right, they then knew the value of what they had enjoyed, and 
 determined that the sacrifices which the human family had made for 
 generations should not be lost, and they took up arms for what they 
 believed to be just before God and man, and those who stood up to be 
 shot down at Lexington and those who, 'following panther-like, and 
 swept away in their fury the retreating British along the road from 
 Concord, those who stood upon Bunker Hill and those who burned the 
 Peggy Stewart, defied injustice, and were willing to sacrifice their all 
 upon the altar of their country's welfare. 
 
 "Some have said that it was an impetuous zeal which prompted these 
 deeds. Call it what you may, it was carrying out that law, that truth 
 and right shall survive all things, and until the hour shall come when 
 all men will have equal rights before the law, the din of battle shall 
 fill the ears of man, and it shall never cease until liberty becomes the 
 corner-stone of every nation and the people alone become sovereign. 
 It is the demand of the human soul. 
 
 ' ' I believe that the republic of North America is destined to play 
 a great part in the world's history; as one of the great living, progres- 
 sive nations, she could not afford to remain passive and inactive while 
 at her very door a brave and deserving people were being exterminated 
 by an inhuman warfare. 
 
 "The tragedy of the treacherous destruction of a gallant ship was the 
 signal for armed intervention. Whether the results of this conflict 
 will broaden our policy; whether we shall form alliances, moral or 
 physical, with any of the great nations, must depend on events; yet it 
 will be our duty as a Christian people to make those alliances which 
 will redound to the good of the whole people, not only of America, but 
 of the world. 
 
 "At this time it is clear that a union of effort and interest between the 
 two great English-speaking nations, who have a common interest in 
 the promotion of Christianity, education and a higher civilization, to 
 say nothing of commerce, would be the solution of a question which 
 has come after years of deep prejudice and not without some reason. 
 England and America must stand together in this hour of the death 
 of the Latin races. 
 
 "I quote here an interesting paragraph from Francis Wharton's 
 Diplomatic Correspondence in support of this union: 
 
 " 'Benjamin Franklin, wise philosopher, statesman and diplomat, 
 who stands today in the world's history without a peer, who capti- 
 vated France of the eighteenth century by his sentiments and ideas for 
 the liberation of man, also won the wise by his good sense and genius. 
 He won the enthusiastic by the brilliancy, boldness and originality of 
 his role, for he knocked at the doors of an absolute monarchy to main- 
 tain a republic, one the deadly enemy of the other; he, who had 
 
 57 
 
triumphed as no other man had, was about to leave France amidst the 
 plaudits of crown, nobility and honored by the people, in that hour his 
 eyes turned toward his beloved America, his heart full of gratitude to 
 France for her generous assistance in the hour of need; yet he declined to 
 enter into a commercial treaty with France which would give her a mono- 
 poly. He had not forgotten the insults which had been heaped upon 
 him in Parliament or by Lord Stormount in Paris, the envoy of Great 
 Britain. He remembered that the British arms had been stained by the 
 employment of Hessians in a mercenary warfare, and the instigation 
 of atrocious Indian onslaughts upon defenceless women and children.' 
 He could not have forgotten that the war had been protracted by 
 false imformation and imfiammatory statements with which the refu- 
 gees in England had filled the ears of those in authority. Yet with all 
 this still fresh in his mind, his devotion to his people, his gratitude to 
 France, he looked forward as early as 1783 to a permanent alliance 
 with Great Britain, believing that greater benefits could be derived 
 from her than any other nation. He not only believed this to be 
 essential to our progress, but he encouraged a physical alliance, but 
 the continued imbecility of the crown and his successor made this an 
 impossibility. 
 
 "And now, after a century and a quarter, the barriers of prejudice 
 are broken down, and the Stars and Stripes and the Union Jack can 
 wave together over people who have a common interest in the cause 
 of humanity. 
 
 "And England can rejoice with us today for the seeds that brought 
 forth the tree of liberty in America also took root in her dominion, 
 yet it did not flourish until death removed the blight of that Tudor 
 race, and her own emancipation began by the removal forever of that 
 narrow and imbecile influence which had held her down. 
 
 " It was a glorious hour for old England when that voice, although 
 hushed in death, was again heard throughout the land, and Pitt, who 
 would have made his country great while he lived, yet could not live 
 to realize his dearest wish, honor to his memory, his countrymen adop- 
 ted that colonial policy which had been his and which was to lift Eng- 
 land to colossal greatness. And the men of the American Revolution 
 also felt the inspiration of that great man's influence, and in their 
 determination not to submit to the tyranny of George III, did not 
 create a new order cf things but a new declaration of principle for 
 the people of the whole world, which not only resulted in their own 
 independence but a step in the direction of the liberation of the masses 
 of England, the adoption of a constitutional form of government and 
 an era of progress and prosperity for the people of both countries. 
 
 "The Society of the Sons of the American Revolution have recog- 
 nized that upon it is placed a great work. 
 
 58 
 
"It is not our desire to keep before the people the pictures of an 
 unhappy experience; but by perpetuating the deeds of our brave 
 fathers we shall be true to them and to ourselves, and make us better 
 and truer citizens. 
 
 "It shall be our duty from time to time to point to the fundamental 
 principles of our Government, and year after year we will be found 
 worshipping at some shrine made sacred by the men of the American 
 Revolution, not only to glorify them, but to teach the rising genera- 
 tion their duty as citizens of our glorious country, and to the end that 
 the government made by our fathers, loved and honored by their 
 descendants, shall never perish from the earth." 
 
 The closing address was made by Hon. Wm. M. Marine, Historian 
 of the Maryland Society of the War of 1812. 
 
 The following were the subscribers to the fund for General 
 Small wood's Monument: 
 
 Gen. Jas. L. Brent, 
 J. D. Iglehart, M. D. 
 Jas. A. Gar}', 
 Ed. A. Jenkins, 
 Edgar G. Miller, 
 A. K. Hadel, M. D., 
 A. D. B. Courtney, 
 Sam'l H. Shriver, 
 Alex. HoUoway, 
 R. Ross Holloway, 
 Edwin Warfield, 
 A. J. Prichard, 
 Frank T. Redwood, 
 M. E. 
 
 Edgar G. Miller, Jr., 
 , Charles S. Houghton, 
 
 Capt. Yates Stirling, 
 T. M. Manardier, 
 Ed. Reynolds, 
 John Warfield, 
 W. S. Thomas, 
 Geo. Bradenkoph, 
 Jas. W. Owens, 
 Charles B. Tiernan, 
 J. H. Jamar, M. D., 
 Jno. R. Dor*ey, 
 Rev. Henry Branch, 
 Skinner, Jno. 
 
 Rev. Chas. R. Trowbridge. 
 E. M. Young, 
 Douglas H. Thomas, 
 Wm. L. Rawling, 
 Ira H. Houghton, 
 John Gilpin, 
 A. L. Hodgdon, M. D , 
 J. Noble Stockett, 
 Geo. Norbury Mackenzie, 
 Louis S. Houghton, 
 W. P. C. Cockey, 
 L. S. Elmer, 
 L. Elmer & Sons, 
 Savage Williams. 
 
 59 
 
THE MARYLAND REVOLUTIONARY MONUMENT, 
 MOUNT ROYAL PLAZA, BALTIMORE, MD. 
 
The Maryland Revolutionary Monument. 
 
 At the Board of Managers' meeting held September 23, 1890, Gen- 
 eral Bradley T. Johnson offered the following, which on motion of 
 Mr. Stevens was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, By the Board of Managers of the Maryland Society of the Sons of 
 the American Revohition that at the next Annual Meeting of the Society it be 
 requested to formulate plans to erect a monument in one of the public squares 
 of this city, commemorative of the Maryland Line of 1776. 
 
 At the Annual Meeting held February 23, 1891, General Johnson in 
 his report as President suggested a monument to the Association of 
 Freemen of Maryland, and the following resolution was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That this Society will dedicate itself to the duty of erecting a monu- 
 ment to the memory of the Association of Freemen of Maryland, formed July 25, 
 1775, and the Board of Managers are hereby directed to consider the details and 
 make a report to the Society. 
 
 At a meeting held October 19, 1891, President Johnson in his report 
 suggested that the Society should undertake the erection of a monu- 
 ment in the city of Baltimore to the Association of Freemen of Mary- 
 land. That proposition was submitted to the Executive Committee 
 who have considered it and have agreed to report: 
 
 1. That this Society will undertake to erect a monument in this 
 city to the Association of Freemen of Maryland. 
 
 2. That the form of the monument ought to be, the pedestal of 
 Maryland marble, surmounted by a bronze figure, heroic size, of a 
 Maryland Minute Man of 1775, taking a soldier of Cresap's Company, 
 which marched to Boston, as a model. 
 
 3. That a bazaar be held in the City of Baltimore about the middle 
 of December, 1892, to raise the funds for this monument. The dis- 
 tinguishing characteristics of which bazaar shall be a Loan Exhibition 
 of arms, portraits, flags, autograph papers and all other relics relating 
 to the Revolution in Maryland. Adopted. 
 
 Board of Managers' Meeting, November 14, 1891 . On motion a com- 
 mittee of three, consisting of Wm. R. Griffith, Dr. S. C. Chew and 
 F. P. Stevens, was appointed to wait on the Mayor and City Council 
 and secure the right to erect in Taney Place a memorial to the Asso- 
 ciation of Freemen of Maryland. 
 
 After the appointment of the above committee it was decided that, 
 in view of the fact there were but fifty-seven signers of the Associa- 
 tion of Freemen, it would not be proper to ignore the other patriots 
 and soldiers of the Revolution, and the monument was directed to be 
 
 61 
 
inscribed, "To all Patriots, etc.," as upon the present erected 
 monument. 
 
 The Committee at once started work, and the following circular was 
 sent on January 13, 1892, to all members of the Maryland Legislature 
 and many prominent citizens throughout the State, and a similar cir- 
 cular to the City Council of Baltimore: 
 
 (Circular.) 
 To the Honorable, 
 
 The General Assembly of Maryland. 
 Gentlemen: — The undersigned, a committee appointed by the Board 
 of Managers of the Maryland Society of the 
 
 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 
 beg your consideration of the following facts and favorable action 
 thereon: 
 
 1. The Maryland Society was organized April 20, 1889, and duly 
 incorporated under the Laws of the State of Maryland. 
 
 2. The Constitution of the Society, Article II, provides, "The 
 purposes of the Society are to keep alive among ourselves and our de- 
 scendants, and in the community, the patriotic spirit of the men who 
 achieved American Independence; to collect and secure for preserva- 
 tion and publication, the manuscript rolls, records and other docu- 
 ments relating to the war of the Revolution, etc." 
 
 It will be seen from the above that the purposes of this Society are 
 such as must appeal to every citizen of Maryland, when he considers the 
 great blessing enjoyed, from the self-sacrifice of the heroes who gave 
 us American Independence. 
 
 The sworn applications for membership, reveal not only lost treasures 
 of great deeds done in the days of the Revolution, by patriots now for- 
 gotten by all save the immediate families, but they have rescued from 
 oblivion much of the early Colonial history of the State, and the accu- 
 mulation of data from private sources, that is of great importance to- 
 ward placing Maryland in her proper position, as the leading Colony 
 in opposition to the mother-country. 
 
 - Considering the work that is being done, the Society feels that IT 
 is the proper body to approach you and call attention to the following, 
 asking your consideration and action thereon: 
 
 I. Other States of the Thirteen Original Colonies, recognizing the 
 great blessings secured and proud of the heroic deeds of the men that 
 represented them in the days of the revolution, have built monuments 
 of gratitude, and in commemoration. During the past year this Soci- 
 ety sent delegates to represent the State at the dedication of the monu- 
 ment at Bennington. Vermont, erected at a cost of about $150,000.00, 
 by the subscriptions of private citizens, city and town "governments, 
 State Government and the United States Government. 
 
 62 
 
2. The State of Maryland and the "Monumental City" contain 
 monuments to Washington, to the soldiers of 1812, to Wells and 
 McComas and others, but where are the monuments erected by Maryland 
 to her heroes of the Revolution ? Yet her actions and the gallant deeds 
 of HER sons have no equal in the correct records of the struggle for the 
 rights of freemen and American independence. Is there nothing in 
 the charge of the Four Hundred at Long Island, that saved an army, 
 worthy of commemoration; or are the words of Washington, as he 
 watched them charge and charge again, "Good God! what brave fel- 
 lows I must this day lose!" thought sufficient? 
 
 Is there nothing to commemorate in the bayonet charge of the two 
 regiments of Regulars under Colonels Griffith and Richardson at the 
 Heights of Harlem ? 
 
 Is there nothing to commemorate in the heroic deeds of Colonel 
 Rawlings and his battalion of riflemen at Fort Washington ? 
 
 Is there nothing to commemorate in the action of her troops at 
 White Plains, Monmouth, Eutaw Springs, or Howard and his Mary- 
 land men at Cowpens? 
 
 Is there nothing to commemorate in these and the many other great 
 battles of the struggle for independence, in which Maryland men were 
 heroes, and distinguished by their great deeds; or is it thought best that 
 they rest in unmarked graves, without one shaft to remind the 
 passer-by that such as these lived, fought and died that a nation of 
 freemen might be born ? 
 
 Maryland furnished to the Revolutionary Army over 20,000 as gal- 
 lant men as ever trod a battlefield, and troops that Washington relied 
 on upon all occasions to charge an advancing foe, or cover a retreating 
 army. 
 
 The Maryland Society has, after a year's consideration by its Board 
 of Managers, and full report made at its last Annual Meeting, decided, 
 by a unanimous vote, to erect in Baltimore City, on what is known as 
 Frick's Triangle, a monument of commemoration. The said monu- 
 ment to be a marble base and column, surmounted with a bronze 
 statue of a Continental soldier, and inscribed to : 
 
 THE ASSOCIATION OF FREEMEN OF MARYLAND. 
 
 THE CONVENTIONS OF MARYLAND. 
 
 THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. 
 
 THE COMMITTEE OF OBSERVATION AND FINANCE. 
 
 THE MARYLAND MEMBERS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 
 
 THE OVER 20,000 GALLANT SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OF THE COLONY. 
 
 WHO IN COUNCIL AND BY GREAT DEEDS GAINED 
 
 THE INDEPENDENCE OP MARYLAND. 
 
 The said monument, when completed, will be deeded to the City of 
 Baltimore for safe keeping and preservation. 
 
 63 
 
Wherefore your memorialists pray that an appropriation be granted 
 by your honorable bodies toward the object stated, of such a sum as 
 is worthy of the cause proposed to be commemorated, and creditable 
 to the State. 
 
 And as in duty bound, etc. 
 
 William Ridgely Griffith, 
 Samuel Claggett Chew, M.D., 
 Francis Putnam Stevens, 
 
 Committee. 
 Baltimore, January 13, 1892. 
 
 The above gentlemen are the regular appointed Committee of The 
 Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, authorized to repre- 
 sent them before the Legislature of Maryland in regard to the above 
 monument. 
 
 Bradley T. Johnson, President, 
 John R. Dorsey, Secretary. 
 Baltimore, January 13, 1892. 
 
 Three bills were at once introduced into the vSenate of Maryland: 
 
 1. An Act asking an appropriation of $10,000 to aid in the erec- 
 tion of the monument. 
 
 2. An Enabling Act allowing the City of Baltimore to appropriate 
 a sum not exceeding $10,000 to aid erection, etc. 
 
 3. A Bill appointing a State Commissioner to exhibit Revolution- 
 ary property of the State at the Bazaar to be held in Baltimore. 
 
 At Board of Managers' Meeting held February 4, 1892, the Com- 
 mittee on the Monument was increased to five, and the two additional 
 members to be appointed by the Chairman, William R. Griffith; he 
 appointed Dr. James D. Iglehart and Ruxton M. Ridgely. 
 
 On November 28, 1892, the following telegram was received: 
 "Wm. R. Griffith, 
 
 No. 9 W. Huntington Ave., 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Two of your bills passed, will probably be signed Tuesday. 
 
 E. W. LeCompte." 
 Mr. LeCompte was Secretary of State and the first President of this 
 Society, and the two bills passed were, the first, making an appropria- 
 tion of $5,000, and the second, allowing the City of Baltimore to make 
 an appropriation. The third, in regard to the Bazaar passed a few days 
 later. 
 
 Governor Frank Brown vetoed the appropriation made by the first 
 
 bill. 
 
 The City Council of Baltimore made an appropriation of $5,000 
 under the second bill. 
 
 64 
 
The Chairman of the Committee experienced trouble in getting 
 Mayor Latrobe's signature to the bill making the City appropriation, 
 but the day before he left for the meeting of the National Congress of 
 the Sons of the American Revolution, held in New York, April 30, 
 1892, he called to his assistance Mr. John Robb, City Registrar, who 
 promised to use all his influence the next day to have the Mayor sign. 
 
 The following telegram explains: 
 
 Baltimore, April 30, 1892. 
 William Ridgely Griffith, 
 
 Nat. Society Sons of the American Revolution, 
 in session at City Hall, New York City. 
 Mayor Latrobe has signed the bill appropriating five thousand dollars to erect 
 the monument to Maryland heroes of 1776, 
 
 George Norbury Mackenzie, 
 
 Registrar Md. S. A. R. 
 Col. Griffith presented a petition to the National Congress of the 
 Sons of the American Revolution. It was passed and signed by the 
 officers, and presented by Senator A. P. Gorman in the United States 
 Senate. 
 
 65 
 
PETITION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MARYLAND SOCIETY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 
 
 Praying Congress to Appropriate $40,000 
 
 To Aid in the 
 
 Erection of a Monument 
 
 TO THE 
 
 MARYLAND HEROES OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 
 
 ' PRESENTED BY 
 
 Hon. Arthur P. Gorman, of Maryland, 
 
 In the Senate of the United States, 
 
 Friday, May 6, 1892. 
 
 Washington. 
 1892. 
 
 PETITION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 
 
 Monument to Heroes of Revolutionary War. 
 
 Mr. Gorman. I present a petition signed by General Horace Porter, 
 President-General, and Lieut. James C. Cresap, Secretary-General, of 
 the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, held 
 in the city of New York during the last month, representing, I under- 
 stand, the descendants of those who took part in the American Revo- 
 lution from thirty States in the Union. It is a short petition, stating 
 facts, and praying Congress to aid in the construction of a monument 
 in the city of Baltimore to the heroes of the Revolutionary war, 20,000 
 of whom were enlisted and served in the Army from Maryland alone. 
 Much as I am opposed, as a rule, to have petitions or memorials 
 printed in the Record, I ask that this petition be read. 
 
 The Vice-President. Is there objection? 
 
 Mr. Harris. Where is the petition from ? 
 
 Mr. Gorman. It is from the Society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution, of which Gen. Horace Porter is President-General. 
 
 Mr. Harris. On what subject ? 
 
 66 
 
Mr. Gorman. It prays Congress to appropriate a sum of money for 
 the erection of a monument in Baltimore. 
 
 There being no objection, the petition was read, and referred to the 
 Committee on the Library, as follows: 
 
 (Petition.) 
 
 To the Honorable, the Senate and House of 
 
 Representatives of the United States, Wdshijigton City, D. C. : 
 
 Whereas, the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revo- 
 lution, organized April 20, 1889, and duly incorporated under the laws 
 of the State of Maryland, is engaged at the present time in the laudable 
 effort to erect in the State of Maryland a monument to all patriots of 
 the said State who aided during the Revolutionary war to establish 
 the independence of the said State and of these United States of 
 America; and 
 
 Whereas, Maryland furnished over 20,000 soldiers, fully equipped 
 and perfect in discipline to the Revolutionary Army, troops that were 
 distinguished for great bravery in the field, as shown: 
 
 1. At Frick's Mill Pond, Long Island, where 400 of the Maryland 
 Regiment, under Maj. Gist, with fixed bayonets charged six different 
 times Cornwallis' Brigade of Regulars, and by their great gallantry 
 saved the American Army, and caused Washington to exclaim, " Good 
 God! what brave fellows I must this day lose." 
 
 2. As shown when acting as rear guard in the defense of the retreat 
 of the American Army from Long Island and from New York. 
 
 3. As shown at Harlem Heights, when the First Regiment, 
 Col. Griffith, and the Fourth Regiment, Col. Richardson, Regulars of 
 the "Flying Camp," charged and carried with fixed bayonets the 
 intrenchments of the British Regulars and drove them until recalled 
 by Gen. Washington. 
 
 4. As shown at Fort Washington, when Col. Moses Rawling's 
 Regiment of Rifles, but 274 strong, resisted the six different charges of 
 a body of 5,000 Hessians, killing and wounding over 600 of the enemy, 
 and only retired from their post after the rest of the American Army 
 had retreated from the field. 
 
 5. As shown at Monmouth, where Lieut. -Col. Ramsey's Maryland 
 Battalion and Col. Stewart's Regiment of Pennsylvania Regulars saved 
 the American Army. 
 
 6. As shown at Cowpens, where the gallant Capt. John Edgar 
 Howard and his Maryland company saved a retreating army and turned 
 defeat into a glorious victory. 
 
 7. As shown at Germantown, Trenton, Eutaw Springs, and other 
 battlefields of the Revolutionary war; and 
 
 67 
 
Whereas, the United States Government has made a number of lib- 
 eral appropriations to Revolutionary monuments in other States or else 
 erected at its own cost the said monuments; and 
 
 Whereas, nearly all of the over 20,000 heroes of Maryland rest in 
 unknown and unmarked graves, and it is proper and right that their 
 patriotism and great deeds be handed down to future generations, as 
 the patriotism of the people is the safety of the State; and 
 
 Wherp:as, the State of Maryland after the war did by its firm stand 
 against the claims made by the vState of Virginiaito sole ownership of 
 the Western territory, preserve to the General Government the said 
 territory now largely developed into great States of this National 
 Confederacy, and also cede for the purposes of the General Government 
 the present District of Columbia, and did advance to aid in erection of 
 proper buildings for the said General Government the sum of $93,000, 
 which money came in a very large measure from the same families that 
 furnished their fathers and sons to the Revolutionary war; and 
 
 Whereas, the said Maryland Society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution intend to apply to the Congress of the United States for 
 the sum of $40,000, to aid in the erection of the said Revolutionary 
 monument; therefore, be it 
 
 Resolved, i. That this National Congress of the Sons of the Ameri- 
 can Revolution, composed of delegates from the different State organ- 
 izations, do most heartily indorse the erection of the said monument 
 by the Maryland Society, and ask that the active aid and influence of 
 each and every member of the Society throughout the United States 
 be given to the enterprise. 
 
 2. That this Congress, by the signatures of its general officers 
 hereto attached, petitions the Congress of the United States that the 
 said appropriation of $40,000 be granted the Maryland Society of the 
 Sons of the American Revolution to aid in the erection of the said 
 monument to all Maryland patriots of the Revolutionary war. 
 
 Horace Porter, 
 
 President- General . 
 
 James C. Cresap, 
 Lieutenant U. S. Navy, Secretary-General. 
 
 City Hall, New York, April 30, 1892. 
 
 The above petition was followed by a Report and Bill from the 
 " Committee on the Library," making an appropriation of $40,000, 
 and the said bill passed the Senate at two sessions of Congress. 
 
 In the House it was referred to the " Committee on the Library," 
 and reported favorably at two sessions of Congress, the last report 
 being on February 3, 1898, and as follows: 
 
 68 
 
55th Congress 
 2nd Session. 
 
 } { 
 
 House of Representatives. 
 
 Report 
 No. 342. 
 
 Monument to General William Smallwood, etc. 
 
 February 3, 1898. — Committed to the Committee of the Whole 
 House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed. 
 
 Mr. Cummings, from the Committee on the Library, submitted the 
 following: 
 
 Report. 
 (To accompany H. R. 4600.) 
 
 The Committee on the Library, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 
 4600) to aid in the erection of a monument to the memory of General 
 William Smallwood and the soldiers of the Maryland Line in the 
 War of American Independence, beg leave to report back the bill 
 favorably. 
 
 The Old Guard occupied no higher station in the French army than 
 that held by the Maryland Line in the Continental Army. As Napoleon 
 and Ney relied upon the Old Guard in critical moments, so did Wash- 
 ington and Greene rely upon the Maryland Line when the independ- 
 ence of the American Colonies was at stake. No one has as yet written 
 a history of the Maryland Line. A review of its achievements is well 
 worth recording. 
 
 In December, 1774, the Maryland convention resolved that if the 
 Crown tried to carry out by force the measures against Massachusetts, 
 Maryland would assist her to the last extremity. As an earnest of 
 their sincerity, they ordered that all the males in the Colony from six- 
 teen to fifty years of age be organized into companies, armed, equipped, 
 drilled and ready for instant service. 
 
 The battle of Lexington was fought on the 19th of April, 1775. 
 On the 24th of that month young and old enrolled with the greatest 
 enthusiasm in Maryland, and were armed and equipped. Forty com- 
 panies of mounted men were raised. While the city of New York 
 was still cold and undecided, Maryland troops were on their way to 
 Boston. Colonel Smallwood commanded 1,444 men of these troops. 
 In addition, two companies of artillery and one of marines were raised. 
 
 Congress in June. 1775, called upon Maryland for two companies of 
 riflemen. They were promptly furnished. In July, 1776, Maryland 
 sent 3,405 additional men to serve until December. All the State 
 troops were also placed at the disposal of Congress. Smallwood 's 
 command was marshalled into the national service. They went to 
 New York and were incorporated into Lord Stirling's brigade. Their 
 first battle was on Long Island. It was a disastrous one for the 
 patriots. Four hundred of the Maryland Line, as Smallwood' s troops 
 were then called, covered themselves with glory by repeated charges 
 
 69 
 
upon an overwhelming force of the enemy. They practically destroyed 
 themselves to save the Continental Army. Washington was enabled 
 to withdraw his troops to New York under cover of a fog, and escape 
 the trap that had been set for him by General Clinton. 
 
 These four hundred men of the Line, under Major Gist, made five 
 bayonet charges against Cornwallis' brigade. Upon the sixth charge 
 the brigade recoiled and began to give way in confusion. The Mary- 
 landers were outnumbered more than ten to one. Assailed by fresh 
 troops (Hessians), and by a British brigade in the rear, a portion of 
 them, with Lord Stirling at their head, surrendered. Three com- 
 panies cut their way through the British ranks, maintaining their 
 order until they reached the edge of a creek, which the survivors were 
 compelled to swim. The loss in killed and wounded of these 400 
 Marylanders was 256 officers and men. From sunrise until the last 
 gun they had been hotly engaged. While the rest of the army had 
 been routed, or had fled, they maintained the battle unaided against 
 two brigades of the enemy. This was on the 27th of August, 1776. 
 
 On the 29th, what was left of the Line were again on duty at Fort 
 Putnam within 250 yards of the enemy's line. It was on this night 
 that General Washington crossed the river. Colonel Smallwood's regi- 
 ment on the following month covered Washington's withdrawal into 
 the lines below Fort Washington. This was done by theexpre.'^s com- 
 mand of Washington himself after two brigades of militia had fled 
 from the field. This was on the 15th of September. On the next 
 day the Marylanders attacked the enemy with the bayonet, drove them 
 from their position, and were in full pursuit when the Commander-in- 
 Chief ordered their recall. 
 
 At the battle of White Plains the Maryland battalion, under Small- 
 wood, was again engaged. There they met a brigade of Hessians 
 under Rail. A long and severe contest ensued. Smallwood's regi- 
 ment sustained itself under the fire of fifteen British cannon, and finally 
 fell back, inch by inch, under orders. The Line suffered severely, 
 Smallwood himself being among the wounded. Its loss at White 
 Plains was over one hundred men. It had fought three battles in 
 three months, and was the first of the Revolutionary troops to use the 
 bayonet against British regulars. 
 
 In the defense of Fort Washington, Colonel Rawlings, of Maryland, 
 with a regiment of riflemen, sustained the attack of the British 
 divisions with great .steadiness and spirit. The Hessians were broken 
 by the Maryland riflemen, who alone held their position upon the field, 
 all the other Revolutionary troops being in full retreat. Rawlings 
 afterward retired under the guns of the fort.- 1200 British were killed 
 and wounded, and General Howe admitted that half of his loss was 
 caused by the Maryland and Virginia riflemen. 
 
 70 
 
Washington began a winter campaign on the 8th of December, 1776, 
 when he crossed the Delaware. The Maryland Line took an active 
 part in the battle of Trenton. It was here that their old Hessian 
 antagonist, Colonel Rail, was killed. His brigade became prisoners. 
 General Mercer, commanding the brigade to which the Maryland 
 Line was attached, fell at the head of his men in the battle of Prince- 
 ton. Washington says in his letters that Smallwood's troops, "had 
 then been reduced to a mere handful of men, but they took part in the 
 engagement with their usual gallantry and won great renown." Thus 
 a regiment of 1,444 men in the month of August, when the battle of 
 Long Island was fought, was reduced in four months to a mere hand- 
 ful of men. For the ensuing campaign Maryland's quota was eight 
 battalions, numbering 4,000 men, one tenth of the whole army. They 
 were promptly furnished, and the Maryland Line again became the 
 flower of the Continental Army. In October following an additional 
 quota of 2,000 men, to serve three years in the Maryland Line, was 
 filled. In August, 1777, these troops were engaged in an attack upon 
 Staten Island. The First Brigade was under command of General 
 Small wood, and all were commanded by General Sullivan. The net 
 result of the expedition was 141 British prisoners, of whom eleven 
 were officers. 
 
 The Line participated in the battle of Brandywine, where it formed 
 the right wing of the Revolutionary Army. At one time Smallwood 
 was in great jeopardy, but extricated himself with great skill. 
 
 At the battle of Germantown, on the 3rd of October, the gallantry 
 of the Marylanders was again conspicuous. They advanced in gallant 
 style, and with such resolution that the British light infantry were 
 driven from the field and their encampment fell into the hands of the 
 victorious Line. They also captured two six-pounders. Their steady 
 valor on this occasion won for them the highest encomiums from their 
 commanders. They were the first in action and were constantly 
 engaged. Victory was snatched from their hands by the occupation 
 of Chew's stone house by the British. 
 
 The year was ended by the gallant defense of Fort Miffiin, in which 
 the Marylanders were prominent. That winter the Line, under Small- 
 wood, reduced to 1,400 men, was stationed at Wilmington to protect 
 Delaware from British incursions. 
 
 In May, 1778, Maryland furnished 2,902 men to the Revolutionary 
 Army. Count Pulaski also raised an independent corps in that State, 
 and perished at its head at Savannah. Maryland was the first to fill 
 the quota ordered by Congress in this year. 
 
 On June 28 Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Smith and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Ramsey, with two Maryland battalions, and Smallwood's 
 Second Maryland Brigade, were engaged in the battle of Monmouth. 
 
 71 
 
The British were driven back by Smallwood's brigade, with a loss of 
 3foo men killed outright. Sir Henry Clinton withdrew from the field 
 and retreated to New York. 
 
 On February 17, 1779, the British moved from Staten Island with 
 the design of taking Elizabethtown. Smallwood, with the Maryland 
 Line, met them at Scotch Plains, and after a short skirmish the British 
 retired. 
 
 When the summer opened, the Line, under Major Stewart, distin- 
 guished itself in the storming of Stony Point. Congress voted a silver 
 tnedal to Major Stewart, and the Maryland Line received well- merited 
 encomiums from General Wayne. When the Army was afterwards 
 concentrated at West Point the Maryland Line formed its right wing. 
 
 In 1780, Georgia and South Carolina being in the hands of the Brit- 
 ish, and North Carolina invaded, the First Brigade of the Maryland 
 Line, under command of Major-General DeKalb, marched south. 
 Three companies of artillery in the Continental service were attached 
 to the force. An additional regiment was raised and sent with the 
 brigade. The Line outdid itself at the battle of Camden. "Gist's 
 Maryland brigade," so reads the dispatches, " were firm as a rock, and 
 Williams' regiment, with Howard at its head, broke upon the enemy 
 and severed his front, driving the opposing corps before them." The 
 Second Maryland Brigade again charged Cornwallis' grenadiers with 
 the bayonet. The British troops began to recede. Their line was 
 broken and thrown into disorder, but the brave Marylanders, unsup- 
 ported with cavalry, were compelled to withdraw. Afterwards 2,000 
 British regulars were poured upon the two Maryland brigades, contain- 
 ing'only 800 men, who still fought unflinchingly. They were assaulted 
 by British cavalry in front and rear. DeKalb fell while attempting to 
 restore the line. After performing their duty valiantly these gallant 
 troops, overwhelmed with numbers, took to the woods and swamps. 
 Gist moved off with a body of 100 men maintaining unbroken ranks, and 
 Howard made his escape with a smaller party. The loss of the Mary- 
 land Line was 400 killed and wounded and 170 prisoners, mostly 
 wounded. In the ten succeeding days Smallwood collected over 700 
 non-commissioned officers and privates. One hundred and fifty of the 
 Line who were prisoners were afterwards captured by General Marion 
 while on their way to Charleston. 
 
 Thereafter under Washington's directions, the seven regiments of 
 the Old Line were consolidated into one regiment. It was called the 
 First Maryland and placed under Colonel Otho H. Williams. General 
 Gist went back to Maryland and formed two new regiments as rapidly 
 as possible. Smallwood was retained in the Army as.second in com- 
 mand. January 17, 1781, 400 of the Maryland Line under Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Howard, fought with General John Morgan at the Cowpens. 
 
 72 
 
Before the battle Morgan reminded the Marylanders of the confidence 
 he had always reposed in their skill and courage, and assured them 
 that victory was certain if they acted well their pait. The British 
 were under the celebrated trooper, Tarleton. He assailed the Mary- 
 landers who never faltered. Tarleton' s reserve was then ordered into 
 action. This extended his front so as to endanger Howard's right. 
 That officer attempted to change front. The British mistaking the 
 movement for flight rushed forward with great impetuosity. Howard 
 suddenly faced about and poured into the enemy a murderous fire. 
 Their ranks recoiled under the shock. At this Howard ordered his 
 men to give them the bayonet. It was a terrible but decisive charge. 
 The day was won. The whole British infantry were either killed or 
 captured. Tarleton himself narrowly escaped, after a personal encoun- 
 ter with Colonel Washington. At one time Howard held in his hands 
 the swords of seven British officers who had surrendered to him. 
 Congress awarded him a silver medal. 
 
 On February loth the lyine distinguished itself in Greene's celebrated 
 retreat from Cornwallis. The burden of the retreat fell upon Williams, 
 and gallantly he sustained it. It was a retreat unparalleled through- 
 out the war for the consummate skill of the leaders and the patience 
 and endurance of the soldiers of both armies. 
 
 On March 15, 1781, the First and Second Maryland formed the left 
 of the Continental line at Guilford Court House. The British assaulted 
 the line. Howard rushed upon them with the bayonet. His old 
 Maryland regiment broke through the British ranks, driving them 
 headlong from the field with terrific slaughter. Their leader fell 
 under the sword of Captain Smith. The British corps was saved 
 from annihilation by a desperate expedient. Cornwallis opened all of 
 his artillery upon them, though every discharge swept through his 
 own flying troops, slaying alike pursuers and pursued. The cautious 
 Greene seeing several columns of the enemy making toward his rear, 
 withdrew the Line, who brought their prisoners with them. The 
 Maryland Brigade lost a total of 154 officers and men. Among the 
 slain was Major Anderson, Cornwallis lost nearly a third of his army. 
 This was the decisive battle of the war. Its ultimate result was the 
 capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown. 
 
 On April 25, 1781, the Maryland Line was again in action, under 
 Greene, at Hobkirks Hill. Its two regiments suffered severely, Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Ford being killed. Greene, ever cautious, again with- 
 drew with Rawdon in pursuit. 
 
 On April 28th, Captain Oldham, with a portion of the Maryland 
 Line, was engaged in an assault on Colonel Brown at Augusta. After 
 a severe and bloody conflict the Marylanders won the victory at the 
 point of the bayonet. Brown surrendered.- 
 
 73 
 
In May, 1781, the First Maryland, under Captain Benson, partici- 
 pated in the assault on Ninety-Six. The storming party sprang into 
 the ditch, assailed the walls for three quarters of an hour in an effort 
 to carry the parapet, and failed, losing Captain Austin, of the First 
 Maryland Regiment. 
 
 On September 8, 1781, a Maryland Brigade, under Colonel Williams, 
 won further renown in the battle of Eutaw Springs. The Mary- 
 landers assisted by a Virginia regiment, once more charged the British 
 regulars with the bayonet. Howard's regiment was received by "the 
 Buffs," an Irish corps which had just joined Rawdon's army. Here 
 the fiercest struggle of the war ensued. Neither would yield, but 
 crossing bayonets, their ranks mingled together. Opposing files sank 
 down, each pierced with the bayonet of his antagonist. They were 
 found grappled in death and transfixed together upon the field of 
 battle. The officers fought hand to hand. The British line had 
 given way and " the Buffs " unable to maintain the conflict, broke and 
 fled. So delighted was Greene at the conduct of the Marylanders 
 that he rode up and complimented them and their commander in the 
 midst of the action. In the pursuit three hundred British prisoners 
 were captured, with two pieces of cannon, one of which was taken by 
 I/ieutenant Duvall, of the Line. In this battle four of the Maryland 
 officers were killed and seven wounded. Greene attributed his success 
 to the free use of the bayonet made by the Maryland troops in their 
 charge in the face of the murderous artillery and musketry.. Each 
 corps engaged received the thanks of Congress. 
 
 From this time until the surrender of Cornwallis, in October, the 
 Eine was in active service. 
 
 Maryland had furnished to the Continental Army up to the time of 
 the surrender 15,229 men in addition to those enlisted in the independ- 
 ent corps, the State companies, the marines and naval forces, and 5,407 
 militia, being a total of 20,636. 
 
 McSherry, in his History of Maryland, well says: ' 
 
 No troops in the Continental Army had rendered better service, 
 endured more fatigue, or won greater glory than the Maryland Line. 
 In proportion to their numbers no body of men suffered more severely. 
 They were the first to use the bayonet against the experienced regulars 
 of the enemy, and that, in their earliest battle. Throughout the suc- 
 ceeding struggles of the war they were most often called on to lead 
 with that bloody weapon into the ranks of the foe. They seldom 
 shrank from the encounter. At long Island a fragment of a battalion 
 shook, with repeated charges, a whole brigade of British regulars. At 
 White Plains they held the advancing columns at bay. At Harlem 
 Heights they drove the enemy from the ground. At Germantown 
 they swept through the hostile camp, with their fixed bayonets, far in 
 
 74 
 
advance of the whole army; and at Cowpens and at Eutaw their serried 
 ranks bore down all opposition with unloaded muskets. At Guilford 
 and at Camden, though victory did not settle on their banners, they 
 fought with a courage which won the admiration and surprise of their 
 enemies. Everywhere they used the bayonets with terrible effect. 
 
 ' ' Entering into the war two strong battalions, they were soon reduced 
 to a single company. Again swelled up to seven regiments, they were 
 again thinned by their losses to a single regiment, and before the cam- 
 paign had well passed they were once more promptly recruited to four 
 full battalions of more than two thousand men. 
 
 "At least two of their Colonels, Williams and Howard, were consid- 
 ered as the best oflScers of their grade in the army. Gunby, Hall, 
 Smith, Stone, Ramsey, and the lamented Ford, who died gallantly at the 
 head of his regiment, were equal to any others in the whole Continental 
 service. 
 
 "Entitled to a Major-General from their own State and two Brigadiers, 
 they submitted for a long time to be led by strangers, until, upon the 
 death of the brave DeKalb, Smallwood was promoted to the command 
 of the division, and Gist and afterwards the gallant Williams, to that 
 of the two brigades. Now that the war was over, the remnants of the 
 Old lyine and the new regiments, having already upon the scene of 
 their southern exploits been presented, through General Greene, with 
 the thanks of both Houses of the Legislature for their gallantry and 
 good conduct, turned their footsteps towards their native State to be 
 disbanded and to carry to their homes their honorable scars and con- 
 stitutions broken by fatigue." 
 
 This, to say the least, is a modest computation of the services of the 
 Maryland Line under General Smallwood and other officers. 
 
 Animated with a desire to perpetuate these patriotic achievements, 
 the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, a cor- 
 poration duly incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland, 
 asks the aid of Congress in the erection of a suitable monument to 
 these heroie patriots in Baltimore. The design is to be approved by 
 the Secretary of War, and the sum appropriated is not to be available 
 until a contract for the completion of the work has been made. 
 
 Believing that such an exceptional record is worthy of commemora- 
 tion by the American nation, your committee, following the action of 
 the Committee on the Library in the Fifty-fourth Congress, respect- 
 fully recommend the passage of the bill. 
 
 What a disgrace that this Great Government could not spare 07ie 
 dollar to aid in the erection of the monument to the 7neyi that made possible 
 its existence. Not one dollar for the Bayonets of the Conti7iental Army. 
 
 Although all the votes required to pass the appropriation were prom- 
 ised and ready, and although letters were sent from Speaker Reed's 
 
 75 
 
warmest friends urging the passage of the bill, he could not be moved 
 and would not allow the bill to come up. Speaker Henderson has 
 acted in every way as did Speaker Reed. The people of Maryland 
 have been obliged to erect the monument at their own expense. 
 
 At Board of Managers' meeting held May 7, 1892, on motion, Presi- 
 dent Johnson appointed Mr. Griffith to arrange and nominate a com- 
 mittee on monument and bazaar to be reported to the Board at the 
 next meeting, on May 16, 1892. Mr. Griffith reported to the Board, 
 and a committee of 25 members was appointed. The bazaar was held 
 at the Fifth Regiment Armory during Easter week, April, 1893, and 
 was almost perfect in its exhibits, but proved a large financial loss, 
 which debt it took several years to pay off. 
 
 The Fifth Annual Meeting of the Society was held October 19, 1893, 
 when the Honorable Philip D. I^aird was elected President and Wm. 
 Ridgely Griffith, Vice-President. 
 
 At Board Meeting held November 28, 1893, on motion of Mr. Kenly, 
 the following was adopted by sections and then as a whole. 
 
 Resolved, That the Committee on Revolutionary Monuments heretofore appointed 
 by the Board of Managers be, and the same is hereby re-organized as follows: 
 
 1. Said Committee shall be comprised of five members, to wit: 
 
 Wm. Ridgely Griffith, Chairman, 
 DouGi^AS H. Thomas, Treasurer, 
 A. WARFiEiyD Monroe, 
 Charles T. Holloway, 
 John R. Dorsey. 
 
 2. That its powers shall be the following: 
 
 To collect funds by subscription, or otherwise, and apply the same to the erec- 
 tion, within the City of Baltimore, of a monument to the Maryland Patriots of the 
 American Revolution, Provided, however, that no debt be incurred upon the Society. 
 The said Committee being authorized to receive from the former Committee the 
 funds and property of the "Monument Fund." 
 
 At the session of the Maryland Legislature 1894 the Chairman of 
 the Committee introduced an Act, which passed and received Gover- 
 nor Brown's signature. 
 
 Chapter 8. 
 
 (Act of Maryland Legislature 1894, P^ge 18.) 
 
 An Act to appropriate the sum of five thousand dollars to the 
 Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, to aid in 
 the erection of a monunent to the memory of the Maryland patriots of 
 the Revolutionary War. 
 
 Whereas, the State of Maryland, the leading colony in opposition 
 to the mother-country, and whose troops, over 20,000 in number, were 
 noted for their gallantry in all the battlefields of the Revolution, and 
 a large majority of whom rest in unknown and unmarked graves, has 
 taken no action to commemorate, by the erection of a monument or 
 
 76 
 
statue, the wisdom of her patriots in council, and the great deeds per- 
 formed in battle, by these heroes, and as such action ought no longer 
 be delayed; and 
 
 Whereas, The Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revo- 
 lution has undertaken the erection of such a monument in the City of 
 Baltimore, and is right and proper that this State should aid therein; 
 therefore 
 
 Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, 
 that the sum of five thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, 
 appropriated to the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution, to be used in the erection of a monument in the City of 
 Baltimore, to the memory of the Maryland patriots of the Revolution- 
 ary War; and the Comptroller is hereby directed to draw his warrant 
 on the Treasurer of Maryland for the said sum, payable to the order 
 of the said Society, upon receiving satisfactory evidence of the com- 
 pletion of the said monument. 
 
 Section 2. And be it enacted, that this Act shall take effect from 
 the date of its passage. 
 
 Approved January 31, 1894. 
 
 Frank Brown, Governor, 
 
 At the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Society, held at the Merchants' 
 Club, October 19, 1894, William Ridgely Griffith was elected Presi- 
 dent, General Joseph lyancaster Brent, Vice-President, and John 
 Richardson Dorsey, Secretary. The Revolutionary Monument Com- 
 mittee remained the same, five members, as during the past year. 
 
 At the seventh Annual Meeting, October 19, 1895, the following 
 officers were unanimously elected : 
 
 Preside7it: CoL. Wm. Ridgely Griffith, 
 
 Vice-President : Gen. Jos. Lancaster Brent, 
 
 Secretary : John Richardson Dorsey. 
 
 During this year the new constitution was adopted. The Revolu- 
 tionary Monument Committee was elected on November 15, 1896, and 
 its members were, Wm. Ridgely Griffith, Douglas H. Thomas, James 
 A. Gary, Charles T. Holloway and John R. Dorsey. 
 
 During this year the Revolutionary Monument Bill was again intro- 
 duced in the United States Senate by Senator Gorman and in the 
 House by Representative Cowen. 
 
 At the end of the year the President and Secretary both decline an 
 election. 
 
 At the Eighth Annual Meeting, held October 19, 1896, the follow- 
 ing officers were elected : 
 
 President: Gen. Joseph Lancaster Brent. 
 Vice-President : CoL. Charles T. Holloway. 
 
 Secretary : Dr. J. D. Iglehart. 
 
 77 
 
THE GODDESS OF LIBERTY SURMOUNTING THE REVOLUTIONARY MONUMENT, 
 MOUNT ROYAL PLAZA, BALTIMORE. 
 
The Revolutionary Mo7iument Committee : 
 
 WlI<LIAM RiDGELY GRIFFITH, DoUGLAS H. ThOMAS, 
 
 James A. Gary, Charles T. Hollo way, 
 
 John R. Dorsey. 
 
 At the Ninth Annual Meeting, October 19, 1897, the same officers 
 and the same Monument Committee were elected. 
 
 At the Tenth Annual Meeting, October 19, 1898, a long unanimous 
 report was received from the Monument Committee. 
 
 The Society at this meeting added ten new members to the old 
 monument committee, making fifteen members in all, and passed 
 a long list of instructions, so complex that they could not be made to 
 work, nor could a quorum be obtained for business, but twice during 
 the year. The result was failure to accomplish anything. 
 
 The following officers were elected: 
 
 President: Gen, Joseph I^ancaster Brent. 
 
 Secretary : Dr. James Davidson Iglehart. 
 
 At the Eleventh Annual Meeting, October 19, 1899, Col. Griffith, 
 Chairman of the Monument Committee, reported, enclosing financial 
 report of Douglas H. Thomas, Treasurer. 
 
 During the years of 1899 and 1900, new interest was aroused in the 
 erection of the monument and designs for the same submitted, but it 
 was impossible for a committee of fifteen to agree, or to even obtain 
 a quorum but seldom. 
 
 At the Twelfth Annual Meeting, held October 19, 1900, the follow- 
 ing officers were elected : 
 
 President: Hon. Edwin Warfield, 
 
 Secretary : J. NoBLE Stockett. 
 
 At this meeting, at the suggestion of the Chairman of the Revolu- 
 tionary Monument Committee, its membership was reduced to five, 
 and instructions given to erect the monument at once. The following 
 members were appointed : 
 
 Col. Wm. Ridgely Griffith, Chairman, 
 
 Col. Arthur J. Pritchard, Treasurer, 
 
 Charles E. Houghton, 
 
 Dr. James D. Iglehart, 
 
 Gen. Joseph L. Brent. 
 
 Gen. Brent being absent in the Sotith resigned at a later date, and 
 Dr. Albert K. Hadel was elected in his place. 
 
 79 
 
( From The Baltimore Sun. ) 
 TO MARYLAND VALOR. 
 
 Beautiful Shaft in Ho7ior of the State's Heroes in Revolution. 
 
 WILL BE SIXTY FEET HIGH. 
 
 Sons ok The American Revolution Wii^i, Erect it on Mount Royal Plaza, 
 
 OPPO.SITE MU.SIC Hall. 
 
 The monument to be erected on Mount Royal Plaza, as shown in the accompany- 
 ing picture, is gained to Baltimore through the efforts of the Maryland Society of 
 the Sons of the American Revolution, in which the indefatigable work of Col. "Wil- 
 liam Ridgely Griffith, chairman of the monument committee, has been the leading 
 feature. 
 
 Under the contracts the shaft is to be completed October lo, 1901, and unveiled 
 and dedicated October 19, Peggy Stewart Day. 
 
 The shaft is to be of granite supplied by the Guilford and Watersville Granite 
 Company, of Baltimore County. William Boyd, who had charge of the carving on 
 the Congressional Library, will execute the carving. The statue of the Goddess 
 of Liberty and the four tablets on each face of the pedestal will be of bronze. 
 The statue is by Mr. A. L. Van den Bergen, formerly of the Art Institute of Chicago. 
 The Winslow Bros. Company, of Chicago, will make the tablets, each of which will 
 he 5 by 3 feet. 
 
 The following monument dimensions will be of interest: 
 
 Extreme width of bottom step 29 feet 2 inches. 
 
 Extreme width of base of pedestal 8 feet 4 inches. 
 
 Extreme width of body of pedestal 6 feet 3 inches. 
 
 Extreme height of pedestal 12 feet 4 inches. 
 
 Extreme height from ground to top step 3 feet 4>^ inches. 
 
 Extreme height from ground to top of pedestal 15 feet 8>^ inches. 
 
 Extreme length of column 32 feei i^ inches. 
 
 Diameter of column at base of shaft 3 feet. 
 
 Diameter of column at neck of shaft 2 feet 7 inches. 
 
 Height of block on top of column i foot 9 inches. 
 
 Height of statue of Goddess of Liberty 11 feet. 
 
 Total height of monument 60 feet 6 inches. 
 
 Weight of monument 200 tons. 
 
 Design and Inscriptions. 
 
 The design and drawings are by Messrs. Hodges & Leach, architects, of Balti- 
 more, and were approved by Mr. Stanford White, of McKim, Mead & White, of 
 New York. 
 
 The figure of liberty holds the laurel wreath of victory in the uplifted hand and 
 the Declaration of Independence in the other. 
 
 The tablets will be inscribed as follows: 
 
 Insignia of the Society. 
 
 To all Patriots of Maryland who during the Revolutionary War aided on land 
 or at sea in gaining the independence of this State and of these United States, and 
 to the Maryland Line, "The bayonets of the Continental Army." 
 
 Erected by "The Maryland vSociety of the Sons of the American Revolution " 
 and dedicated on October 19, 1901, Peggy Stewart Day. 
 
 .80 
 
Maryland Coat-of-Arms Used in Revoli'Tionarv Period. 
 
 The Maryland House of Assembly, December 20, 1769. 
 
 Peggy Stewart Day, October 19, 1774. 
 
 The Maryland Convention, December S, 1774. 
 
 Association of Freemen of Maryland. 
 
 The Conventions of Maryland. 
 
 The Committee of Safety. 
 
 The Committee of Observation and Finance. 
 
 The Committee of Correspondence. 
 
 Maryland Members of the Continental Congress. 
 
 Maryland Signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
 
 Adoption of the Confederation of States. 
 
 United St.^.tes Coat-oe-Arms, the Oldest in Existence. 
 
 Maryland Riflemen, Cambridge August 9, 1775 
 
 Long Island August 27 and 29, 1776 
 
 Rear Guard of the retreat from New York September 15, 1776 
 
 Heights of Harlem September 16, 1776 
 
 White Plains October 28, 1776 
 
 Maryland Rifles before Fort Washington November 16, 1776 
 
 Trenton December 26, 1776 
 
 Princeton January 3, 1777 
 
 Staten Island August 21, 1777 
 
 Brandy wine September 11, 1777 
 
 Paoli September 20, 1777 
 
 Germantown October 4, 1777 
 
 Defense of Fort Mifflin October 23, 1777 
 
 Original United States Flags, Crossed (13 Stars). 
 
 Monmouth June 2<S, 177S. 
 
 Scotch Plains Februarj' 17, 1779. 
 
 Stony Point June i, 1779. 
 
 Savannah October 19, 1779. 
 
 Camden August 16, 1780. 
 
 Cowpens January 17, 1781. 
 
 Rear Guard in retreat before Cornwallis February 10, 178 1. 
 
 Guilford Court House March 15, 17S1. 
 
 Augusta April 16, 1781. 
 
 Hobkirk's Hill April 25, 1781. 
 
 Ninety-Six May 22, 1781. 
 
 F^utaw Springs Septembers, 1781. 
 
 Vorktown October 19, 17S1. 
 
 Purpose of the Shaft. 
 
 The Maryland Society, convinced of the great injustice of the continual praise 
 of three or four of the Mar^dand patriots of 1776, and no mention of others -who 
 did as much at least for the cause of freedom, decided in 1891 to erect a monument 
 to all its patriots, and the following committee was appointed: William Ridgely 
 Griffith, chairman; Samuel Claggett Chew, M. D., and Francis Putnam Stevens, 
 and this is the committee that on January' 13, 1892, petitioned the General Assembly 
 of Maryland and the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore for aid for the enterprise. 
 
 The State and City each at a later date appropriated l5,ooo. 
 
 81 
 
The committee also petitioned the Congress of the I'nited States, and although 
 an appropriation of $40,000 twice passed the Senate and received a favorable report 
 in the House, neither Speakers Reed nor Henderson would allow the bill to come 
 up, although the votes required to pass it were assured. After nine years the com- 
 mittee decided to abandon the hope of aid from the United States. 
 
 The committee has often been changed, with the exception of Colonel Griffith, 
 as chairman, and with him now are the present members of the committee who 
 have charge of the erection of the monumeltt: Col. Arthur J. Pritchard, treasurer; 
 Chas. E. Houghton, James D. Iglehart, M. D., and Gen. Joseph L. Brent. 
 
 The committee has in hand sufficient funds to pay for the monument, and the 
 entire amount is from Maryland subscribers with the exception of $104 sent by 
 "The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts." 
 
 This was adopted at the Business Meeting of the S. A. R. as the poem of the day. 
 
 Dedication of the Monument Erected in Honor of the Heroes of 
 Maryland in the American Revolution, October 19, 1901. 
 
 Why do the sons of long departed sires 
 
 With reverent hands this votive column rear? 
 
 Is there mi.strust that our memorial fires 
 
 May burn with lessening glow from year to year? 
 
 Do these compatriots of the famous Ijne 
 
 Need pillared shaft to immortalize their names? 
 
 Do deeds like theirs need added seal or sign? 
 Are they not Freedom's cherished sons, and Fame's? 
 
 Can we exalt in statelier degree, 
 
 As their renown we thus commemorate, 
 Men who transformed a parent colony, 
 
 A sceptred province, to a sovereign State? 
 
 Can that bronze statue to the world repeat 
 
 With more impressive voice the story told 
 How they on bloody fields braved iron sleet, 
 
 Cast, as they were, in true heroic mould? 
 
 Can we forget who covered the retreat 
 And laid their offerings at Long Island's shrine? 
 
 Can we dismiss, while memory holds its seat, 
 Monmouth and Germantown and Brandy wine? 
 
 Do tablets tint with brighter colorings 
 
 The spirit, in the struggle to be free. 
 Displayed at Camden, Cowpens, Eutaw Springs, 
 
 Or in the flush of Yorktown's victory? 
 
 Did not the great Commander often cheer 
 
 The sons of Maryland with heartiest praise ? . . 
 
 Did not DeKalb, Pulaski, Greene, endear 
 
 Their names for crowning valor with its bays? 
 
 Surely they need not monumental pile 
 
 Who fought, bled, died, for justice and for right ;. 
 
 Their names are graved with history's pointed style 
 In fadeless characters of living light. 
 
 82 
 
But leal descendants, mindful of their debt, 
 Thus in the whirl and stress of modern life, 
 
 Speak to their countrj-men lest they forget 
 
 The why and wherefore of the eight years' strife. 
 
 Lest they forget, this shaft will tell with pride 
 
 How patriot sires the clarion call obeyed, 
 And life and fortune — all that these implied — 
 
 Upon the altar of their country laid. 
 
 'Twill show the grandeur of their sacrifice, 
 
 Their stake for glory or a soldier's grave, 
 Show that, whate'er the throw of fateful dice, 
 
 All that was theirs to give, they freely gave. 
 
 The claim of right divine to govern wrong, 
 They left to sycophants who kissed the rod ; 
 
 Theirs was the maxim that "resistance strong 
 To tyrants is obedience to God." 
 
 Their sons, since then, on many a hard-fought field, 
 True to the lessons taught, the example set, 
 
 'Gainst shot and shell their breasts as firmly steeled, 
 'Gainst sabre thrust or charge of bayonet. 
 
 But let them, large the measure though they fill, 
 With grand achievements both on land and sea. 
 
 Not screen from view the unconquerable will 
 That sealed with blood our priceless liberty. 
 
 Charles Carroll Bonibangh, 31. D. 
 
 83 
 
(From The Sun and The Atnerican Papers, of October 20, 1901.) 
 TO MARYLAND VALOR. 
 
 Revolutionary Momnncnt in Mt. Royal Plaza Is U7iveiled. 
 
 A BRILLIANT ASSEMBLAGE. 
 
 A SP1.ENDID MiijTARY Pageant and Eloquent Addresses Give Patriotic 
 Significance to the Event. 
 
 "To the Maryland Line, who were to Generals Washington and Greene what the 
 Old Guard was to Napoleon, to the 'Bayonets of the Revolution,' we dedicate this 
 shaft, modest and unassuming in its proportions, as were our fathers in their preten- 
 sions, but pure, erect, victorious — a humble token of our love." 
 
 So the historian of the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revolu- 
 tion closed his address at the unveiling yesterda)- of the monument on Mount 
 Royal Plaza erected by that society to commemorate the valor of the Mar}dand 
 heroes of the Revolutionary War. 
 
 Past and present were linked together by yesterday's celebration. On the one 
 side, symbolizing the past, arose the visible reminder of the glorious heroism of 
 the Maryland soldiers in the fight for national life and liberty — the beautiful 
 granite shaft, with its surmounting bronze figure of Liberty. The folds of canvas 
 which swathed its sides hid from sight at first the eloquent story established. 
 
 On the other hand, the present — the vibrant, vital life of today, the life made 
 possible by the unselfish patriotism of the men whose deeds the monument com- 
 memorates — for did not one speaker after another recall the verdict of historians 
 that in the battle of Long Island, and again and again in other sharp fights, it was 
 the supreme courage and fearlessness of the sons of Maryland that saved the cause 
 of liberty? 
 
 October 19 — Peggy Stewart Day! It was an appropriate day for the celebration, 
 and it was an appropriate celebration of Maryland's Teaparty Day. For the men 
 that went down to the peaceful little harbor of Annapolis and threw overboard the 
 symbol of England's despotic interference in the affairs of her colony, and who 
 then compelled her owner to set fire to the brig Peggy Stewart, were the men who 
 in a few short months responded to the call to arms. 
 
 Social, civic, military features there were in yesterday's celebration. A jewel of 
 a day it was, with air as soft and as b:ilmy as in the early spring, and with skies as 
 blue as ever the blossoming speedwell shows. Everybody — so it seemed from the 
 crowds — knew what was going to happen, and accordingly either took the half of 
 the loaf by waiting along the route to see the military parade — the escort of the 
 Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, and their out-of-town guests, to 
 Mount Royal Plaza — or took the whole loaf by going to the plaza and seeing and 
 hearing what was done there. 
 
 Long before the hour for the ceremony the crowds assembled in the plaza. Blue- 
 coated policemen kept the street clear, restraining the overzealous small boys from 
 taking a too conspicuous a part in the celebration. 
 
 A Briluant Assemblage. 
 
 In the space south of the monument a platform and a grandstand, with seats 
 stretching upward, tier upon tier, had been erected. The stand and platform were 
 gay with Maryland colors and with red, white and blue bunting. From every 
 
 84 
 
corner and from every post, stirring and streaming in the breeze, were flags, starry 
 red, white and blue national emblems, a State flag here, and the banners of the 
 Sons of the American Revolution, proudly held by their custodians, there. 
 
 Every house in the neighborhood was keeping "open house" literally. Every 
 window was wide open and everyone served as the setting for an interested, eager 
 group of spectators. Even the roofs and the housetops were made use of by those 
 who wanted to see and hear. Lined up in the streets were the crowds that became 
 denser and denser as the time drew near for the celebration to begin. 
 
 Up on the grandstand were the seats reserved for the especially invited guests of 
 the Sons of the American Revolution, members of other patriotic societies, sons, 
 daughters or descendants of patriots, everyone of them. On the platform seats 
 were reserved for the Sons themselves, for the Daughters of the American Revolu- 
 tion, for the speakers, for the representatives of the army and for out-of-town guests, 
 who included representatives of New York and the District of Columbia Societies. 
 
 Picturesque Mii^itary. 
 
 Off in the distance the sound of martial music announced the coming of the 
 officers and members of the society and their military escort. Mounted policemen 
 and Cavalry Troop A, of the Maryland National Guard, wheeled into sight. A flash 
 of blue, the solid rhythmic movement of marching soldiery, the glint of the sun- 
 light on their accouterments, marked the coming of the Fourth Regiment. Then 
 a dash of scarlet, followed by long lines of gray and white, as the Fifth coming 
 down the avenue. Prolonged applause, first from one quarter then from another, 
 greeted the soldiers, the sailors, the veterans and the Sons as they marched along. 
 
 Most picturesque of all were the Minute Men from Washington. In their cocked 
 hats and Continental uniforms of buff and blue they served as vivid reminders of 
 the heroes who made that uniform famous. 
 
 The Minute Men took their places at the base of the monument. The mounted 
 guards were off at the left. A long line of soldiers and sailors in blue filled the 
 center of the plaza, and the soldiers of the Fifth Regiment occupied the places at 
 the right. 
 
 Oratory and Repartee. 
 
 The exercises were taken up in the order published in The Sun of yesterday. 
 Rev. Dr. Henry Branch, chaplain of the Sons of the Revolution, pronounced the 
 invocation. Mr. Alfred Duncan Bernard, historian of the society, read a historical 
 sketch of the movement that was consummated by the erection of the monument. 
 On behalf of the monument committee, Col. William Ridgely Griffith, chairman of 
 that committee, in a few simple but very appropriate words turned the monument 
 over to the society. The address of acceptance was made by Mr. Edwin Warfield, 
 president of the society, who in turn presented the monument to the city. Acting 
 Mayor Henry Williams, in the absence of Mayor Hayes, made the response. 
 
 The two orators, Mrs. Donald McLean, regent of the New York Chapter, 
 Daughters of the American Revolution, and Mr. Walter Seth Logan, of New York, 
 President-General of the National Society, Sons of the American Revolution, 
 shared the especial honors of the day. An exchange of compliments and much 
 sprightly repartee added brilliancy and gave a pleasant note of informality to the 
 two addresses. 
 
 A Revoi,dtionary FI.AG. 
 
 Patriotic airs — " Maryland, my Maryland," "America" and " The Star-Spangled 
 Banner " — were sung by the entire assemblage to the accompaniment of the regi- 
 mental bands. During the singing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" a scarred, 
 
 85 
 
torn flag — a flag with only thirteen stars — was unfurled by Dr. Albert Kimberly 
 Hadel. The flag was carried at the battle of Cowpens and later again in the battle 
 of North Point. • 
 
 Wreaths Presented. 
 
 A pleasant feature of the exercises was the adornment of the monument with 
 wreaths presented by chapters of the Daughters' societies. A large wreath of 
 laurel, the gift of the Baltimore Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, 
 was presented by Mrs. A. Leo Knott, regent of that chapter. The wreath was 
 placed at the base of the monument by Miss M. L. Schermerhorn and Miss Custes. 
 
 Miss Lillian Gifiin on behalf of the Maryland Line Chapter, Daughters of the 
 American Revolution, presented a wreath, and Mrs. Thomas Hodgson presented 
 a wreath on behalf of Avalon Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. 
 
 PLACE IN HISTORY. 
 
 Mr. Ai<fred D. Bernard Tei,i.s of Maryi.and's Gi.ory in Arms. 
 
 Mr. Alfred D. Bernard, the historian of the Society, who read the historical 
 sketch of the monument said: 
 
 ' ' The history of monument building in the United States has been the history 
 of her people. Our Republic has not been vingrateful for nor unmindful of the 
 deeds of valor which secured our freedom. Maryland, perhaps, stands out most 
 conspicuously in this particular, being the first to erect a monument to the 
 memory of the immortal Washington, beside numerous other memorials, not the 
 least of which is the beautiful shaft to the heroes of the battle of North Point. 
 
 " While Maryland has just cause to be proud of the illustriovis deeds of her sons, 
 having sent So per cent, of her whole male population between the ages of 17 and 
 70 to the front, who fought from Stony Point to Savannali, and left a trail of blood 
 on every battlefield, she has deferred the erecting of a suitable memorial to her 
 departed heroes, not because of lack of patriotism, not because of lack of appre- 
 ciation, but because their achievements have been so great and our means so small 
 that we have hesitated to dare honor them as they deserve. Notwithstanding, 
 however, we are behind our sister States in rearing memorials to our heroes, Mary- 
 land is the only State which, unaided and alone, has reared its modest tribute to 
 the memory of its beloved." 
 
 After sketching briefly the various successive steps taken toward the realization 
 of the object in view, Mr. Bernard continued : 
 
 "The memorial itself in design is pure classic, following the old Greek lines, 
 the creation of two Maryland architects — Messrs. Hodges and Leach — and 
 approved by Mr. Stanford White, of New York. The statue, in pure bronze, is 
 modeled by the artist Van Der Bergen. The stonework is Maryland granite, 
 dressed by Maryland workmen and the whole monument, shaft, base and cap, 
 cut from a single stone. 
 
 "To the Maryland Line, who were to Generals Washington and Greene what 
 the Old Guard was to Napoleon; to the bayonets of the Revolution we dedicate this 
 shaft, modest and unassuming in its proportions as were our fathers in their 
 pretentions, but pure, erect, vigorous, a humble token of our love. ' ' 
 
 86 
 
HON. EDWIN WARFIEIvD MAKES PRESENTATION. 
 
 The Beautiful Shaft Becomes by His Authority 
 J THE Property of the City. 
 
 The climax of the memorable ceremonies came with the acceptance of the shaft 
 b}' Hon. Edwin Warfield, president of the Maryland Society, from Col. William 
 Ridgely Griffith, Chairman of the Monument Committee, and its immediate 
 presentation by Mr. Warfield to Acting Mayor Henry Williams. The address of 
 Mr. Warfield of acceptance and presentation was as follows : 
 
 'V7/;'. Chairman and Gentlemen of the IMonunient Committee: 
 
 " It is with pride that I receive, for the Maryland Society of the Sons of the 
 American Revolution, this beautiful monument, so successfully completed under 
 your supervision. You have done your work well and have earned the thanks and 
 gratitude of every member of our Society. 
 
 " To you, Colonel Griffith, is due more than our gratitude and thanks. But for 
 your patriotic zeal this monument would never have been built. P'or ten j-ears, 
 with unswerving constancy and unsparing self-devotion, you have labored to per- 
 petuate in an enduring memorial and symbol the deeds of the patriots of Maryland 
 who aided so signally in founding this great republic. Your reward, sir, is this 
 glorious consummation, hailed with so much delight by us all today, and the 
 applause and commendation of your patriots and the people of your native State. 
 
 "Personall}^ and on behalf of our Society, I congratulate you upon what you 
 have achieved and thank you for what you have done for the cause of patriotism. 
 
 A Tribute to Deeds. 
 
 '•'Ladies, Fellow Countrymen and Soldiers of Maryland: 
 
 "One of the cardinal objects of our Society as set forth in its constitution is 
 'The perpetuation of the memory of the men who by their services or sacrifices 
 during the War of the American Revolution achieved the independence of the 
 American people.' 
 
 " This unique and artistic shaft has been reared in obedience to that injunction. 
 It records the deeds but not the names of our patriot fathers. Their names are 
 legion and should be engraven upon the minds and hearts of every true Marylander. 
 They are to be found recorded as signers to the Association of Freemen, as mem- 
 bers of the Committee of Safety, of observation, of Correspondence, of the Conti- 
 nental Congress and upon the Muster Rolls of the Maryland Line. 
 
 "Study the events enumerated upon j-onder tablets. First among them is the 
 burning of the 'Peggy Stewart,' October 19, 1774, ju.ct 127 years ago today. 
 That was the first overt act against the authority of the King of England in Mar^-- 
 land. Remember that it was done by a band of Whigs from the back hills of 
 Anne Arundel (now Howard county); that they were led by that fearless patriot, 
 Dr. Charles Alexander Warfield ; that they were undisguised, and sought not the 
 cover of darkness for their deed, and that their motto was ' Liberty or death in the 
 pursuit of it. ' " ■ ■ 
 
 Maryland Names. 
 
 "Who can read of the Declaration of Independence without repeating the 
 names of Chase, of Paca, of Stone and of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who pledged 
 the faith of Maryland to that immortal charter of human rights ? 
 
 87 
 
"Who can recall the selection of George Washington by the Continental Con- 
 gress as commander-in-chief of the American Army without learning that Thomas 
 Johnson, an illustrious son of Maryland, nominated him for that position ? 
 
 " Who can speak of Cambridge in 1775 without a thrill of pride because Cresap 
 was there with his Maryland Riflemen ? 
 
 "Who can recount the hard-fought battles of the Revolutionary War, from 
 Long Island in 1776 to Yorktown in 1781, without rehearsing the valor of the men 
 of the Maryland Line and feeling proud that we had a Smallwood, a Howard, 
 a Gist, a Williams, a Hall, a Griffith, a Watkins, and a host of other gallant officers 
 to lead them ? This memorial commemorates the deeds of these men who fought 
 the greatest battle for freedom recorded in the annals of the world. My friends, 
 I would that I could linger longer upon this interesting theme, but my time is lim- 
 ited, and eloquent speakers are to follow me. 
 
 " But before closing, allow me to call your attention to another leading object 
 of our Society — that which requires us ' to inspire the community at large with 
 a more profound reverence for the principles of the government founded by our 
 forefathers. ' 
 
 The Men We Honor. 
 
 " For that purpose we welcome you here today to witness these ceremonies. It 
 gives me special pleasure to welcome you, soldiers and veterans of Maryland. 
 Upon j'ou we must rely to preserve our free institutions. You are the palladium 
 of our liberties. Your presence, I hope, signalizes your gratitude to our great and 
 illustrious patriots for what they did to promote the cause of American independ- 
 ence. In these days of peace and safety, of abundance and enjoyment of public 
 and private blessings, it is well for us to meet upon occasions like this to revive the 
 memories of the past and to drink in the lessons taught by the heroism and patri- 
 otic daring of our revolutionary sires. We are citizens of a free, prosperous and 
 powerful republic. Our government is upon a solid and enduring foundation and 
 our people are united and contented. To whom are we indebted for all of these 
 manifold blessings? Our Revolutionary fathers, the men we honor today. 
 
 "Men and women of Baltimore, soldiers of Maryland, is there anything which 
 warms your hearts more than the recollection of these men ? Can you contemplate 
 the fruits of their valor and patriotism w ithout feeling the deep debt you owe them ? 
 Ingratitude is the basest of sins; forgetfulness of our fathers is the blackest kind of 
 ingratitude. God grant that we may never be guilty of the latter !" 
 
 To Mr. Williams, acting Mayor of Baltimore City. Mr. Warfield said: 
 
 " I am pleased that you are here as the Official Representative of this great city. 
 The donations from the State of Maryland and the City of Baltimore made this 
 monument possible, and your Council gave this appropriate and suitable site upon 
 which to erect it. Our memorial is a simple and modest one, like in character to 
 the 'lives of those heroes whose deeds it records. You have more imposing monu- 
 ments in this city, but none that points to greater heroism. The liberty won by 
 the blood of the Revolutionary heroes of Maryland is the most glorious heritage 
 we possess. We must transmit it as a sacred birthright to our children. May this 
 shaft, standing upon this beautiful plaza, ever be a reminder to them of that great 
 heritage. Long after the granite and bronze of which it is composed shall have 
 crumbled into dust, the patriotic daring of the men and soldiers it seeks to com- 
 memorate shall be transmitted to coming generations through the pages of undj-- 
 ing history. While a sod of what is now the soil of jNIaryland shall be trod by the 
 foot of a freeman, the memory of their deeds shall be cherished. - 
 
 Now, sir, for and on behalf of the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution, I deliver to you for the people of Maryland, this monument. 
 
 88 
 
MR. WILLIAMS ACCEPTS. 
 
 President of Second Branch Represents the City. 
 
 Acting Mayor Henrj' Williams, in accepting the monument on behalf of the city, 
 said: 
 
 "I esteem it a high honor to have been selected, in the absence of the Mayor, to 
 accept for the city this beautiful work of art which gives to Baltimore another 
 reason for the name it has so long had of the ' Monumental Citj',' and in the name 
 of the people to thank you for it. 
 
 " Monuments have been built to the memory of distinguished generals and 
 leaders, but this is the first time we have honored with a proper memorial all the 
 Revolutionary heroes. The men who composed the Maryland Line whose names 
 have been forgotten gave up their homes, their families, and many of them their 
 lives, to obtain the liberty which we now enjoy and to establish this great nation 
 of which we are all so justly proud. They suffered for food and clothing, and when 
 marching to battle their lacerated feet left footprints of blood upon the snow. 
 Their bodies, now turned to dust, were left in every State along the Atlantic coast 
 from Massachusetts to South Carolina. 
 
 "At the battle of Long Island, when the Continental Ami}' was utterly defeated, 
 the Maryland Line was called upon to withstand the attack of the entire British 
 forces to cover the retreat of the rest of the army. Nobly did they withstand the 
 assault and thereby saved the remnant of the patriot forces, bnt in so doing they 
 lost 250 out of about 400 men who composed the Line. 
 
 " Is it not right that these heroes should be remembered and that a monument 
 should be erected to the memor}' of the men ' behind the guns ? ' The patriotic 
 societies that have been established in recent years are doing a noble work in 
 rescuing from oblivion the memory of these brave soldiers who ' having fought 
 a good fight do now rest from their labors,' but ' whose works live after them.' " 
 
 Mr. Williams referred to the Peggy Stewart incident, and then concluded : 
 
 "This monument will be an object lesson to us, as to the generations to come 
 after us, to show that patriotism and love of country are honored by all and that 
 the self-denial and suffering hero who bleeds and dies for his country is held in 
 grateful remembrance. It will also be an incentive to us to so honestly and faith- 
 fully administer the government that we may hand down to the generations to 
 come after us the noble heritage received by us from our fathers with its glory 
 untarnished and with our flag still waving over a free, brave and patriotic people. " 
 
 MRS. DONALD McLEAN, THE SILVER- VOICED. 
 
 A N0TAB1.E Oration by Mar\xand's Most Distinguished Daughter, 
 Now OF New York. 
 
 President Warfield in a graceful speech introduced Mrs. McLean as a Marylander, 
 though now a daughter of the Empire State by adoption. " You all know her," 
 he said, "and must love and respect her, not only as one of the most patriotic and 
 brilliant women of dear old Maryland, but for the relation she bears to that noble 
 old Roman Judge John Ritchie, of Frederick." Mrs. McLean was, before her mar- 
 riage. Miss Emily Ritchie, Daughter of Judge John Ritchie, and a niece of Judge 
 Albert Ritchie, the latter occupying a seat on the stand near her. Mrs. McLean 
 smilingly arose and gracefully accepted the encomiums showered upon her by 
 President Warfield. 
 
 89 
 
Mrs. McLean's Address. 
 
 Mrs. McLean's address was, in part, as follows : 
 
 "It goes without saying, Mr. President, that all who are here are glad to be 
 here, and to some the day comes with peculiar happiness, because to them it 
 is the realization of a patriotic dream — the tangibility of a moment long hoped 
 for — and there are here distinguished guests, as is the President-General of the 
 Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, from that Empire State which 
 I now claim as mine; but amid them all I think there is not one to whom this day 
 gives such poignant pleasure, no one who is so fervently glad as am I to be here, 
 because I have come home. Are you all patriots? So, I trust, am I. Do you 
 revere the heroic dead? So, indeed, do I. Do you strive and so live in these 
 days as to be worthy the undying heritage of those who have bequeathed their 
 revolutionary blood to us ? 
 
 "Thus do I strive, but beneath all this exalted sentiment stirs one tenderer, 
 personal feeling — the feeling of a daughter who has come home to her father's 
 house. Into the ocean of this day's patriotism run a thousand rivulets of personal 
 association and affection. Up in the zenith of this day's glory, behind the glowing 
 sun, but always burning there, are a multitude of silver stars which symbolize the 
 unquenchable memories of my happy youth. And so I have come home, and as 
 evidence that the giddy, glittering opulent city, New York, which now claims me 
 as its denizen — "a citizen of no mean city" — I would assure you that Fifth Avenue 
 has never eclipsed North Charles Street in my regard. 
 
 But I would be an ingrate were I not to express my appreciation, my true affec- 
 tion for the great Empire State, which has so warmly welcomed me, which has 
 called me its own in my work and my energies, and to which I do give my 
 heartiest efforts, and to say that the presence of the President-General of the Society 
 of the Sons of the American Revolution, Walter Seth Logan, gives me pride as 
 a New Yorker and pride as a Marylander. The relations between our Society and* 
 his, in New York, are warm, and I know he is as glad to receive Maryland 
 hospitality as Maryland is to extend it." 
 
 Tribute to Coi^oneIv Griffith 
 
 After paying tribute to Colonel Griffith's brilliant success in accomplishing the 
 rearing of this monument, and after felicitating President Warfield and officers 
 of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution upon the oratory of the day, 
 Mrs. McLean Said: 
 
 "And what has Marj'land done in these historic records? Rhode Island declared 
 religious liberty; so did Maryland! New england inveighed against the stamp 
 tax ; so did Maryland ! And in 1765, ten years before the first gun of the Revolu- 
 tion, the ' twelve immortals' declared from the bench the illegality of tea tax, and 
 when war came, what then ? 
 
 " Then the Maryland Line ! 
 
 "The Maryland Line — stretching from the wooded hills of Long Island to the 
 victorious plains of Yorktown— the Maryland Line, staining carmine with its blood 
 the green fields of the North and the cotton fields of the South, slaughtered, killed, 
 yet never conquered ! 
 
 " The Maryland Line, dead today, yet deathless ; speechless today, yet speaking 
 with a thousand fiery tongues. The Maryland Line, formed of mortal man, trans- 
 formed into immortal fame ! 
 
 "And, Mr. President, you who hear the honored name of Warfield ; when your 
 ancestor forced Captain Stewart to light the torch which burned the Peggy 
 Stewart, he lighted yet another torch. As Scottish chieftains in days of old 
 kindled battle-fires from hill to hill to warn of coming war, so did the torch 
 
 90 
 
Warfield forced into Stewart's hand, caiise the flame of war to glow on Maryland's 
 green-walled hills and light th.e country through its dark years to triumphant 
 victory. 
 
 " But do you think that because Maryland bore such heroic sons in olden days 
 she is now a barren mother? Not so. Eternal youth is on her brow — joyful 
 fecundity within her. Wedded to her great spouse, the nation, Maryland gladly 
 bears in these latter days a noble son, and 'remembers no more the anguish' for 
 joy that such a child cometh into the world. She willingly lends him to his 
 country to serve and bring it glory; but he is her own darling child, and her arms 
 protect him. 
 
 " Maryland gives another son to the old line, a Maryland Line — stretching now 
 from Arctic regions to torrid Santiago, and the name of that son is Schley. 
 
 " Naught can harm him, for all his country-people rise up and call him blessed ! 
 
 " So, great and beloved Marj'land, rest serene upon thine azure mountains ; lave 
 thy feet withir the sparkling waves of the Chesapeake; hark to the breaking waves 
 dash high upon New England's rockbound coast ! Hear the rush of the sea 
 against the gates of the Empire State and its imperial city! List to the soft and 
 balmy breezes of the South and to the shrieking tornado of the West, but rest 
 content in the knowledge that the eyes of every State in this our Union are turned 
 to thee because, wellnigh as great as Revolutionary patriots, thou hast given to thy 
 country a patriot poet — Key. He has made more precious the nation's emblem ; 
 he has christened the nation's flag ; and be satisfied, oh Marj'land ! that thy sons 
 and daughters are as lustrous as the stars upon the blue, and that all States turn 
 toward the protecting stripes and folds of their own Star Spangled Banner." 
 
 MR. LOGAN SEES PROBLEMS. 
 
 Says Czolgoszs Ark Harder to Deal With Than George Ills. 
 
 Mr. Walter Seth Logan, of New York, President-General of the Society of the 
 Sons of the American Revolution, said : 
 
 "I am a pretty good judge of patriots," Mr. Logan said. "I know some in 
 every section of the country. But of all I don't think there is anyone who can lay 
 greater claim-to being a patriot than Colonel Ridgely Griffith. We of New York 
 have an especially soft spot in our hearts for Griffith. He came to New York and 
 gave us our monument. New York is proud of many things, but prouder of none 
 than of that shaft which the Maryland Sons of the American Revolution reared 
 a few years ago in Prospect Park, in the Borough of Brooklyn, in honor of Mary- 
 land's heroic dead who fell to save the American Army. New York has her own 
 400, but it is not a 400 like that. 
 
 "The Light Brigade that charged at Balaklava was composed of the ordinary 
 material of which soldiers are made ; the Maryland 400 that charged on that fatal 
 day on Long Island had in their veins the best blood of the best families of their 
 native State. 
 
 "The Maryland regiment went down to almost certain death with the knowl- 
 edge that their army was defeated and with only a hope that they might by their 
 sacrifice gain an hour in which it might escape. They gained that hour, and it has 
 been truly said that it was the most important hour in American history — perhaps 
 in the histon,- of the world. 
 
 "I think we have more troublous questions to settle today than our ancestors 
 had in the Revolution. I think the Czolgoszs are more difficult to deal with than 
 the George Ills. I believe that patriotism is required to suppress anarchy today, 
 as it was to suppress despotism in the days of the Revolution," 
 
 91 
 
ILECEPTION AT M.USIC HALL. 
 
 A Brili,ian't Miutary and Sociai, Gathering. 
 
 The reception at the Music Hall was as brilliant as the striking costumes of 
 the military men and handsome toilets of the ladies could make it. A collation 
 was served and a patriotic poem read by Mr. Francis P. Stevens. 
 
 (Extracts from Report. 
 
 TO THE MARYLAND SOCIETY, S. A. R. 
 
 Baltimore, November 8, 1901. 
 Mr. President and Compatriots: — 
 
 The Committee on the Marylan<l Revolutionary Monument reports that the said 
 monument was completed and transferred to the President of the Society on 
 "Peggy Stewart Day," October 19, 1901. The Committees during the past ten 
 years have at all times strictly observed the resolutions passed by the Society 
 that no debt should be created for the said Society to pay, and the financial part 
 of this report bears out this statement. It has been a long and difficult struggle to 
 raise the amount necessary, and great praise is due to the following members of 
 the Committees: The Hon. Francis P. Stevens, John R. Dorsey, and the late 
 Col. Charles T. Holloway, who never faltered, but gave to your Chairman their 
 aid on all occasions. These are the members by whose actions the money was 
 raised that made possible the erection of the monument which could have been 
 built five or six years ago, but for the appointment of the unwieldly committee 
 of fifteen, of which a quorum of eight it was impossible to obtain except on two 
 occasions. Your present Chairman has acted in the same capacity throughout 
 the enterprise, and is thoroughly conversant with all that has occurred and would 
 like to do full justice to the members of the earlier committees, but he understands 
 from your President that it is contemplated to publish in pamphlet form the full 
 proceedings. From the start the money raised has been held in the name of the 
 Maryland Revolutionary Monument Committee and subject only to4:he joint order 
 of its Chairman and Treasurer. The money has been invested in Baltimore City 
 stock most of the time. In making investments your Chairman and Treasurer 
 were guided to a great extent by the advice of the late George Coulter of Messrs. 
 Roche & Coulter, who was an officer of your Society. That these investments were 
 well made is shown by the fact, that not only has the large lo.ss of the bazaar been 
 made up, but the financial result after paying all debts for the erection of the 
 monument, is a very large balance to be transferred to the Society. Mr. Coulter 
 refused at all times to accept commissions on purchases of stock for your Committee. 
 
 The Work of the Committee for 1901. 
 
 The present Committee began work soon after its appointment and under reso- 
 lution of the Society that the monument be erected at once, using the money on 
 hand. An examination of the record of the proceedings of the Board of Managers 
 will show that every action of the Committee, coming under the instructions con- 
 tained in the resolutions of the Society, have been submitted to and received 
 unanimous endorsement of the said Board. As soon as favorable action was taken 
 by the Art Commission, upon an appeal made to him, Ex-Governor William 
 Pinkney White had drawn by the City Law Department the ordinance according 
 to the New Charter, and the said ordinance passed the City Council and was 
 
 92 
 
approved by the Mayor, the Hon. Thomas G. Hayes, who has been the constant 
 friend of your enterprise from the daj- when, as the Chairman of the finance 
 Committee of the State Senate, he reported the appropriation of 55,000.00. 
 
 Even after the passage of the City Ordinance, attempts were made to take away 
 the Mount Royal Plaza site, but the said attempts failed. 
 
 Immediately after action by the Art Commission, the Conmiittee being a.ssured 
 that the said ordinance would certainly pass the City Council and be approved by 
 the Mayor, proceeded to make the following contracts for the erection of the 
 monument: 
 
 Contracts. 
 
 1. Articles of Agreement between the Maryland Revolutionary Monument Com- 
 mittee and the Guilford and Waltersville Granite Company and Hodges & Leach, 
 architects, also specifications for work and Contract Bond of said Company, are 
 herewith filed, marked Exhibit Xo. /. 
 
 It will be remembered by the members of the Board of Managers that at the 
 time the design for the monument was submitted to them there were two drawings 
 of the same monument, one of which was to cost for the granite part of same as 
 per this contract. The Board and the Committee agreed upon the smaller of the 
 two as within the amount of funds on hand and instructions were given to contract 
 for the same, but your Chairman and the Architects after presenting to 
 Mr. Robert Briesen, Secretary and Treasurer of the Granite Company, the great 
 advantage as an advertisement to be derived by his company from the erection of 
 the said monument, even if a loss was made, succeeded in signing the contract for 
 the larger monument at the price named for the smaller. The carving on the 
 monument has been executed by William Boyd, who did the splendid work on the 
 Congressional Library at Washington. The granite used and the size of the 
 blocks of same can hardly be equalled in the United States, in fact the greatest 
 expert of granite work in the country, has said within the past week that in his 
 experience he has found no granite and no work superior to that of the monument 
 in Mt. Royal Plaza. The great liberality shown by the Granite Company during 
 the execution of its contract, through their representative, Mr. Robert Briesen. 
 must be brought to your attention. 
 
 Your Committee has felt obliged to mention these few of the many acts of liber- 
 ality on the part of the said Granite Company, but is unable to express in lan- 
 guage its very high appreciation of the manner in which the said Company has 
 fdled its contract. Although the loss of the said Granite Company under contract 
 amounts to between two and three thousand dollars, during the past week 
 Mr. Briesen replied to your Chairman's expression of regret for the same in the 
 following words, viz : " Colonel, don't bother yourself about it, instead of a loss, 
 we regard the contract as one of the best advertisements we ever made, before the 
 cap-stone was on the monument. Philadelphia parties, who came to Baltimore to 
 see the granite in the monument gave us a large contract, and we expect to get 
 many others." Your Chairman is satisfied that you will be pleased to know that 
 the liberality of the Granite Company is meeting a just reward. 
 
 2. Articles of Agreement between the Maryland Revolutionary Monument 
 Committee and the Winslow Bros. Company of Chicago, Illinois, also specifica- 
 tions for work and Contract Bond of the said Company are herewith filed, marked 
 Exhibit No. 2. 
 
 This contract is for the entire bronze work of the monument, the Statue of 
 Liberty and four cast bronze tablets, all bronze, to be made of the very best quality 
 of Government Standard Statuary mixture, castings of uniform thickness through- 
 out, and free from all blemishes and defects. 
 
 93 
 
This Company at the Paris Exposition Universalle, 1900, was awarded the Grand 
 Prize and two Gold Medals in the contest against the bronze workers of the world. 
 The splendid work of the Company speaks for itself. The company charged only 
 the cost of the material and the actual expense of work. 
 
 The Architects. 
 
 What your Committeee should say in regard to the bitter, ungentlemanly 
 attempt made against your young architects, Messrs. Hodges & Leach, perhaps 
 had best be left unsaid. Let it be suflficient that when Stanford White, the great 
 monument designer of this country, gave to their design his full approval, that 
 jealousy met defeat and its proper reward. 
 
 Your Committee can only express their great appreciation of the faithful way 
 the firm has performed its duties. If untiring watchfulness of every piece of work, 
 of every stone used, of every line of carving, be a mark of what constitutes faithful 
 architects, these duties which they have performed in regard to this contract 
 entitles them to great consideration at all times. 
 
 FiNANCiAi^ Report. 
 
 Committees have been appointed to examine the financial condition of the 
 Monument Fund and have certified to the correctness of the same, and frequent 
 reports have been made by the Monument Committees to the Society. Your Com- 
 mittee has on hand, after paying every debt for the erection of the monument, 
 $858.79, which will be transferred to the Treasurer of the Society as soon as the 
 books are examined and found correct. 
 
 Cost of Monument. 
 
 When the Chairman of your Conmiittee was asked at a former meeting of the 
 Society to state what would be the cost of the monument, he declined to answer, 
 as his experience had taught him that always there are extra charges that come as 
 surprises in such enterprises. Such has been the case in the erection of your 
 monument, as shown by the extra foundation bill, the extra granite caused by the 
 fall in the grade of the streets, and other expenses outside of the regular contract. 
 It would be impossible for him to say now what it would cost to erect another 
 exact copy of monument. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 Wm. Ridgely Griffith, Chairman. 
 
 94 
 
The Subscribers to the Maryland Revolutionary Monument 
 as shown by the Original Subscription List. 
 
 William Ridgeiv Griffith, 
 
 R. G. Mcgill, 
 
 W. T. Walters, 
 
 W. P. Clotworthy, 
 
 James A. Gary, 
 
 Ancient and Hon. Art Co. of Mass., 
 
 Joseph L. Brent, 
 
 Thomas M. Lanahan, 
 
 E. Austin Jenkins, 
 
 Samuel H. Shriver, 
 
 Nelson Perin, 
 
 Baltimore City, 
 
 Ross R. Winans, 
 
 Henry Sonneborn & Co., 
 
 Col. A. J. Pritchard, 
 
 Meri weather Hood Griffith, 
 
 Cash (B,) 
 
 Edgar G. Miller, 
 
 E. Levering &Co., 
 
 Douglas H. Thomas, 
 
 James S. Gary & Son, 
 
 G. W. Hunt, 
 
 G. W. Gail, 
 
 Gen. John Gill, 
 
 William Kej'ser, 
 
 Michael Jenkins, 
 
 State of Maryland, 
 
 Robert A. Wooldridge, 
 
 G. W. Hyde, 
 
 Michael Jenkins, Baltimore County, 
 
 Among the subscribers to the fund for the ceremonies, parade and 
 reception were the following: 
 
 Report of Wm. H. Gill, Treasurer of Funds, 
 October iqth. 
 
 Mrs. Thos. Hill, 
 Edwin Warfield, 
 Geo. W. Hyde, 
 Harrji A. Parr, 
 
 E. M. Young, 
 S. Mandelbaum, 
 Albert Jones, 
 Alex. Shaw, 
 Geo. H. Elmer, 
 W. F. Elmer, 
 John H. Wright, 
 
 C. C. Bombaugh, M. D. 
 
 Ira H. Houghton, 
 
 Wm. J. Donnelly, 
 
 Hon. James A. Gary, 
 
 C. O'Donnell Lee, ' 
 
 Blanchard Ranall, 
 
 Edgar G. Miller, 
 
 J. Stewart Frame, 
 
 German Hunt, 
 
 George Jenkins, 
 
 Joshia F. Cockey, 
 
 W. P. C. Cockey, 
 
 H. Crawford Black, 
 
 Robert Ober, 
 
 J. Malcolm Dorsey, 
 
 Hon. John Walter Smith, 
 
 Woodward, Baldwin & Co., 
 
 B. V. Meigs, 
 
 F. C. Edwards, 
 Chas. B. Tiernan, 
 
 Guilford & Waltersville Granite Co. , 
 R. Ross Holloway, 
 A. D. Bernard, 
 Theo. F. Krug, 
 W. D. Young, 
 
 Ruxton M. 
 
 J. D. Iglehart, 
 Chas. I. James, 
 John E. Hurst, 
 Charles M. Stieff, 
 Wm. Harrison Gill, 
 
 D. Annam, 
 Jos. L. Brent, 
 Rosenfeld Bros., 
 
 A. D. B. Courtenav, 
 
 Wm. S. Elmer, 
 
 A. K. Hadel, M. D., 
 
 E. Austin Jenkins, 
 M. E. Skinner, 
 Richard Bernard, 
 S. C. Chew, M. D., 
 W. H. Gorman, 
 H. Hills, Jr., 
 
 S. H. Shriver, 
 
 Md. Dredging & Contract Co., 
 C. E. Houghton, 
 Michael Jenkins, 
 Edward C. Cockey, 
 Aubrej' Pearre, 
 S. C. Rowland, 
 Clinton P. Paine, 
 E. H. Perkins, 
 E. F. Arthurs, 
 S. J. Lanahan, 
 John Warfield, 
 
 Old Town Merchants' Association, 
 Geo. W. Woods, 
 Hon. Chas. R. Schirm, 
 Geo. W. Hyde, (additional) 
 National Building Supply Co., 
 M. W. Blair, of Iowa, 
 J. Noble Stockett, 
 Ridgely. 
 
 95 
 
The Maryland Society. 
 
 The Maryland Society of the Sons of the Revolution was organized 
 April 20, 1889, in the Senate Chamber at Annapolis, Md. On 
 June 10, 1889, the Society met in the same place and changes were 
 made in the Constitution and the name altered to ' ' The Maryland 
 Society, Sons of the American Revolution." The annual meeting is 
 held on " Peggy Stewart Day," October 19th. 
 
 Incorporators. 
 
 General Bradlkv Tyler Johnson, 
 '^'HoN. Edward White LeCompte, 
 *L,iEUT. James Cephas Cresap, U. S. N., 
 "WiLLL\M Francis Cregar, 
 
 John Richardson Dorsey, 
 
 Francis Putnam Stevens, 
 
 George Norbury Mackenzie. 
 
 'Messrs. LkCompte, Cresap and CrEGAr, deceased. 
 
 The Officers. 
 
 i889-'90. 
 President, Hon. Edward White LeConipte, 
 Vice-President, Francis Henry Stockett, 
 Secretary, Daniel Richard Randall, 
 Treasurer, Lievit. James Cephas Cresap, U. S. N. , 
 /\'ei;istrar and Historian, William Francis Cregar. 
 
 lS90-'9i. 
 
 President, General Bradley Tyler Johnson, 
 Vice-President, Francis Henry Stockett, 
 Secretary, John Richardson Dorsey, ^ 
 Treasurer, F'rancis Putnam vStevens, 
 Registrar and Historian, *VVilliam Francis Cregar, 
 Registrar and Historian , fGeorge Norbury Mackenzie. 
 *Died December 12, iSgo. fElected January, 1S91. 
 
 l89I-'92. 
 
 President, General Bradley Tyler Johnson, 
 
 Vice-Presiclent, Francis Henry Stockett, 
 
 Secretary, John Richardson Dorsey, 
 
 Treasurer, Francis Putnam Stevens, 
 
 Registrar and Historian, George Norbury Mackenzie. 
 
 96 
 
i892-'93- 
 
 President, General Bradley Tyler Johnson, 
 
 Vice-President, Francis Henry Stockett, 
 
 Secretary, John Richardson Dorsey, 
 
 Treasurer, Archibald Barklie Coulter, 
 
 Registrar and Historian, George Norbury Mackenzie. 
 
 1 893-' 94. 
 
 President, Hon. Philip Dandridge Laird, 
 Vice-President, Col. William Ridgely Griffith, 
 Secretary, John Richardson Dorsey, 
 Treasurer, A. Warfield Monroe, 
 Registrar and Historian, John Silver Hughes. 
 
 1 894-' 95. 
 
 President, Col. William Ridgely Griffith, 
 Vice-President, Gen. Joseph Lancaster Brent, 
 Secretary, John Richardson Dorsey, 
 Treasurer, Alex. Dallas Bache Courtenay, 
 Registrar and Historian, John Silver Hughes. 
 
 1895-96. 
 
 President, Col. William Ridgely Griffith, 
 Vice-President, Gen. Joseph La;ncaster Brent, 
 " John Henry Jamar, M. D., 
 
 " Col. Charles Thomas Holloway, 
 
 Secretary, John Richardson Dorsey, 
 Treasu7'er, Capt. Alex. D. B. Courtenay, 
 Registrar and Historian, Albert Kimberly Hadel, M. D. 
 
 Constitution changed to three Vice- President.?. 
 
 i896-'97. 
 
 Presidetit, Gen. Joseph Lancaster Brent, 
 Vice-President, Col. Charles Thomas Holloway, 
 " John Warfield, 
 
 Col. Charles Marshall, 
 Secretary, James Davidson Iglehart, M. D., 
 Treasurer, Capt. Alex. D. B. Courtenay, 
 Registrar and Historian, Albert Kimberly Hadel, M. D. 
 
 1897-98. 
 
 President, Gen. Joseph Lancaster Brent, 
 Vice-President, Col. Charles T. Holloway, 
 
 " John Warfield, 
 
 " Douglas H. Thomas, 
 
 Secretary, James Davidson Iglehart, M. D., 
 Treasurer, Capt. Alex. D. B. Courtenay, 
 Registrar and Historian, Albert Kimberly Hadel, M. D. 
 
 SI 
 
i898-'99- 
 
 J^irsiiienl, (icn. Joseph Lancaster Brent, 
 Vice-President, John Warfielcl, 
 
 " Douglas H. Thomas, 
 
 " vSamuel II. Shriver, 
 
 Serrefary, James Davidson Iglehart, M. D. 
 Treasurer, C^pt. Alex. D. B. Courtenay, 
 /\e,i;is/rar and Hisiorian, Albert Kimberly Hadel, M. D. 
 
 1S99-1900. 
 
 President, Col. William Ridgely Griffith, 
 Vice-President, Hon. Kdwin Warfield, 
 
 " Hon. Francis Putnam Stevens, 
 
 " Col. George A. Pearre, 
 
 Secretary, Joseph Noble Stockett, 
 Treasurer, Reuben Ross Holloway, 
 Rei^istrar and Historian, Morris E. Skinner. 
 
 i90O-'oi. 
 
 President, Hon. Edwin Warfield, 
 
 Vice-President, William Harrison Gill, 
 
 " James Davidson Iglehart, M. D., 
 
 " Col. Arthur John Pritchard, U. S. N., 
 
 Secretary, Joseph Noble Stockett, 
 
 Treasurer, Reuben Ross Hollowa)-. 
 
 Re,s;istrar and Historian, Alfred Duncan Bernard. 
 
 I90I-'02. 
 
 President, Hon. Edwin Warfield, 
 Vice-President, William Harrison Gill, 
 
 " James Davidson Iglehart, M. D., 
 
 Col. Arthur John Pritchard, U. S. N., 
 Secretary, Joseph Noble Stockett, 
 Treasurer, Reuben Ross Holloway, 
 Registrar and Historian, Alfred Duncan Bernard. 
 
 98 
 
Roll of Members, The Maryland Society, S. A. R. 
 
 Annan, Daniel 
 Avery, D. C. 
 
 Brewer, Brice H. 
 Brewer, Richard H. 
 Boggs, William Henry 
 Boggs, Alexander Graham 
 Bernard, Alfred D. 
 Beall, Louis E. 
 
 Chew, Samuel Clagget, M. D., A. M. 
 Courtenay. A. D. B. 
 Cockey, William P. C. 
 Conover, George W. 
 
 Day, Hermon W. 
 Dorsey, John Richardson 
 Dorsey, Joshua Worthington, Jr. 
 Duer, Bruce White 
 Dushane, Frank Macdonough 
 
 Edwards, Francis A. 
 Elmer, Lewis S. 
 I-:imer, Walter F. 
 
 Frame, J. Steuart 
 
 Griffith, W^illiam Ridgley 
 Gunn, Alan Percy 
 Gilpin, John 
 Gary, James Albert 
 Gaither, Geo. R. 
 
 Howard, James 
 Hopkins, Sherburne G. 
 Hadel, Albert Kimberly, M. D. 
 Hodgdon, Alexander L., M. D. 
 Houghton, Charles S. 
 Houghton, Lewis S. 
 Holloway, R. Ross 
 Hynson, Benjamin Thomas 
 Hills, Horace, Jr. 
 Houston, James Alden 
 
 Iglehart, J. Davidson, M. D. 
 
 Johnson, Bradley Tyler 
 Jamar, John Henry, M. D. 
 Jamar, John H. R. 
 Jones, Albert 
 
 Kenly, Albert Clark 
 
 Long, Charles Chaille 
 
 Mackenzie, George Norbury 
 Monroe, Alexander Warfield 
 Maynadier, Thomas M. 
 Mann, William Fletcher 
 Morgan, John Hurst 
 Mann, Benjamin Franklin, Jr. 
 Morgan, P. S. 
 Meigs, B. B. 
 
 Nielson, Robert Musgrave 
 
 Owens, James W. 
 
 Arthiirs, Edward Ferguson 
 
 Brewer, Nicholas, Jr. 
 
 Brent, Joseph Lancaster 
 
 Bellet, Henry Adolphus Requet du 
 
 Bevan, Horace Cromwell 
 
 Branch, Henry, D. D. 
 
 Bombaugh, Dr. C. C. 
 
 Chew, Richard B., Jr. 
 Cameron, George W. 
 Collins, William 
 Crapster, Firnest Ridgley 
 
 Dorsey, James Malcolm 
 Day, Willard C. 
 Danels, Joseph N. D. 
 Dunlap, William de Valaugin 
 
 Elmer, William S. 
 Elmer, George H. 
 Ellis, John Thomas 
 
 Griffith, Romulus Riggs 
 Griffith, Thomas 
 Gill, William Harrison 
 Goucher, John Franklin 
 Gore, Dr. Clarence 
 
 Howard, John P^ager 
 Hughes, John Silver 
 Hiss, Hanson 
 Hanson, Pere Wilmer 
 Houghton, Charles E. 
 Houghton, Ira H. 
 Henderson, Robt. Randolph 
 Holloway, Alexander 
 Hyde, Geo. 
 
 Jamar, Mitchel F., U. S. A. 
 Jones, Edward Thomas 
 Jenkins, Edward Austin 
 James, Rolph 
 
 Kenly, Davies Law 
 
 Marshall, Charles 
 Miller, Edgar George 
 Morse, George Perkins 
 Mann, John W. R. 
 Mann, Benjamin Franklin 
 Moyston, James Caldwell 
 Moore, Dr. C. F. 
 
 99- 
 
Roll of Members, The Maryland Society, S. A. R.— Con. 
 
 Porter, James C. 
 
 Porter, Theodoric, L,t. U. vS. N. 
 
 Partridge, John 
 
 Pearre, William 
 
 Penrose, Dr. Clement Andariese 
 
 Pearre, Aubrey 
 
 Randall, Daniel Richard 
 Ridgely, Ruxton Moore 
 Rawlings, William Lynn 
 Rowland, Samuel C. 
 Rush, J. Krebs, Jr. 
 
 Sellman, Richard Parran 
 Simpson, Lloyd D. 
 Stevens, Morris Putnam 
 Stockett, Joseph Noble 
 Stevens, Francis Alexander 
 Shriver, Samuel H. 
 Skinner, Thomas 
 Shanahan, Charles Edward 
 Stockett, Charles William 
 Stockett, Thos. R. 
 Stockett, Thomas Richard, Jr. 
 
 Tyson, Matthew S. 
 
 Thom, Wm. Henry DeCoursey Wright 
 
 Trowbridge, Rev. Charles Reuben 
 
 Warfield, John 
 Wilson, John J. 
 Wilkinson, Ernest, U. S. N. 
 Worthington, Beale 
 Williams, Samuel Otis 
 Williams, Mason Locke Weems 
 Wallace, Joseph Veazey, M. D. 
 Wescott, W. B. 
 Williamson, Harry S. 
 
 Young, Walter Douglas 
 
 Pearre, George A. 
 Pritchard, Arthur John, U. S. N. 
 Penrose, Charles Bingham 
 Philbrick, Freeman Calvin 
 Prince, Charles Lamuel 
 
 Redwood, Francis T. 
 Ramsay, Henry Ashton 
 Reynolds, Edward 
 Randall, Watson Beale 
 
 Stockett, Francis Henry 
 Stevens, F'rancis Putnam 
 Stone, James Harvey 
 Stirling, James Edward 
 Smith, Edwin Harvie 
 Skinner, INIaurice Edward 
 Sellman, John Henry 
 Stone, John Theodore 
 Stirling, Yates, Com. U. S. N. 
 Skinner, John O. 
 Stockett, John Edmonds 
 
 Tiernan, Charles Bernard 
 Thomas, John Marshall 
 Tyson, Anthony Morris 
 
 Williams, William F. 
 Warren, Rev. Benjamin C. 
 Warfield, Edwin 
 Williams, John Savage 
 Wooldridge, Robt. Armstead 
 Warner, Culbreth Hopewell 
 Wilson, John Sanford 
 Wood, G. W. 
 
 Young, Edward Mortimer 
 
 lOG