f)fass Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT? MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. K ASS TTINGS, SUCH AS Drop T. S., Drop L. S. EEDUCING SOCKETS AND CROSSES, Of all the various sizes. Brass Solder, Brass Casting and Brass "Work of all kinds, manufactured at Eastern prices. Old Copper and Brass bought or taken in exchange. BNGLISH & McSHANE, . No. 119 FROIVT STREET, BAETIITIORE, BETWEEN GAT AND HILLEN STREETS. V LANSDALE d BHO. STER PACKERS, . 3 Balderston Street, Baltimore. O". cS3 -V^. Gi-OSKLO^^r^, COMMISSION MERCHANTS, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in GROCERIES AND HARDWARE, Main Street, Charleston, Va. ih "^I^^P "." 'I'lnd, a large assortment of Carpenters, Farmers, Blacksmiths, Lumbermen, Coopers' and oiner kinds ot Tools, with a general supply of everything usually kept in Grocery houses. i MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS, \^ Cruide Sook§5 Atlase%&c. No. 172 William Street, Cor. of Beekman, J. H. & CO. having removed their Geographical Establishment, from No. 86 Cedar Street to No. 172 William Street, beg leave to invite their friends and customers to their new address. Among their new works, now in course of publication, or lately issued, are the following : Colton's American Atlas, containing separate maps of every state and county of North and South America and the West Indies, in all about 90 maps and plans, on about 55 sheets large imperial folio. Colton's Atlas of the World, containing about 160 maps and plans, on 110 large im- perial folio sheets, - resenting all the counties and states of America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Ocean The maps of these two Atlases, drawn and engraved by artists excelling in their iv ^ective departments, are the most complete, the most reliable and the most beautiful in the world. They exhibit, besides the usual geographical and topo- graphical information forming their ground work, true representations of all works of public improvements, contemplated or projected, such as railroads, canals, plank roads, and other means of intercommunications, the public surveys made under the authority of American and European governments, and a great mass of other pertinent information, valuable to all who are interested in the development of the countries delineated. Each Atlas is illustrated with letter press descriptions of the countries delineated, exhibiting a full account of their geography, resources, commerce and general interests and the statistic relation to the several subjects treated upon. The Atlas of the World, is published also in parts, each containing four maps el- egantly colored and accompanied by the description and statistical letter press. Seve- ral parts are already issued — the whole to be completed in 27 parts, at one dollar each. Colton's Map of the United States, the Canadas, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies, exhibiting all the new civil and political divisions and geographical dis- coveries. In two sizes— 62 by 55 inches and 45 by 36 inches. Colton's New Series of Waverley Maps, comprising maps of all the states and of foreign countries. In portable cases, from 37 to 50 cents. In Press — to be published soon. Colton and Fitch's School Geography — a work designed to be superior to any other hitherto published in its maps and illustrations, and in the improved arrangements of its texts. Specimens of the portions already completed may be seen at their office. Outlines of Physical Geography, for the Use of Schools, by G. W. Fitch, with maps and numerous engravings ; also, a Primary Geography, to complete the series. Ne-w Editions— just issued. Colton's Map of the World, on Mercator's projection, on which all the recent ex- plorations and discoveries are accurately laid down. Three different sizes — 80 by 60 inches, 44 by 35 inches and 28 by 22 inches. Colton's Township Map of the United States and the Canadas — the largest, most ac- curate and detailed map of this country ever issued ; size, 82 by 68 inches. Also, New Editions of the large maps of the separate States of the United States, ex- hibiting the sections and township lines, &c. Colton's Map of the Southern States. Size, 64 by 43 inches. Colton's Map of the Western States. In two sizes. Guide Book and Route Book through the United States. The Western Tourist, &c., with a Map. The Statistical Gazetteer of the United States. 1 vol., royal octavo, pp. 960, $3 50. The Progress of the United States. 1 vol., royal octavo, pp. 420, $2 50. The Statistical Annual. 1 vol., 8 vo., pp. 537, $ 1 50. Their assortment of Maps, Atlases, Statistical Works, Guide Books, &c., is much more extensive and complete than that of any other establishment in this country. Catalogues Furnished on Application. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. SB MII$ OR PREPARED BY JOHN M. SMITH, late of Multnomah, 0. T. SOLD BY SMITH & ATKINSON, 288 Baltimore street, Baltimore. This Preparation has been used with eminent success, and being safe and speedy in its operation, has established for itself a high reputation in those quarters where its worth has beeu made known by experience Being in a portable form it is very convenient for persons going iYito districts where Ague and Fever may prevail, as it can be carried without danger of soiling anything it may be packed with. By attending strictly to the directions, relief may be confident- ly calculated upon. No person afflicted with Ague and Fever should neglect to avail themselves of its virtues. The attention of dealers is earnestly directed to this article, as it is one which they can recommend to their customers with confidence, and upon which they can realize a handsome profit. FOR S ALE BY SMITH & ATKINSON, ©®[L[i [p[^(Q)^[^a[ET(o)[g©p 288 BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE, •^nd by Storekeepers and Druggists getierally through- out the Country, MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. N. WHBATON, DOORS, SASHES, BLINDS, ^f) AND Builds 3S CAMAJL STKEIET, Wffi^^Jfi\^; \ (g> B. M. RHODES, General Commission Merchant, ' AND DEALER IN A O WW Till ^ ? Mfl WMWMT OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, No. 141 WEST PRATT STREET, NEAR LIGHT STREET, Peruvian Guano, No. 1, furnished at tlie Government price, the ton of 2240 lbs. with a moderate commission for purchasing and forvi^arding. Mexican Guano, selected from cargoes, rich in Phosphates. Phosphate of Lime, manufactured expressly for my Agency. Also, Plaster and other Fertilizers. |I^ For the convenience of Farmers, their orders will be filled either at the Guano wharf or a,t my warehouse, No. 141 West Pratt street, near Light, at all times, without delay. Expense avoided if possible, and made light when unavoidable. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. "WM. LINTON, MANUFACTURER OF STOll k MlTHll Will, FIRE AND STOVE BillCKS, &c. Corner of Lexington and Pine streets, BALTIBIOHS, MB. I am prepared to furnish the Trade with the above articles of a superior quality, at the lowest market prices. II^All Orders addressed to me will be thankfully received and promptly attended to. |I^ Delivered to any part of the city free of charge. C. LEVERING. M. LEVERING. LEVEHING- & BRO. IMPORTERS OF iOiiiif , CHINA AND GLASS, Nos, 118 and 120 LOMBARD STREET, BALTIMORE. A. P. Sl{ AR P, CORNER OF HOWARD AND PRATT STREETS, Importer of Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, Superior Microscopes, Blow-pipes, Rea- gents, chemically pure ; Mineralogists supplied with every thing necessary to test Ores, Metals, &c. Fine Berlin Balances, Hydrometers of superior make for Acid, Leys, Syrups, &c. Porcelain dishes of all sizes. Stockhard'a Apparatus complete, with a general assortment of every thing needed in Analytic or Experimental Chemistry. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. W A R R E MOID FIRE Al WATER PROOF i¥i Having been in extensive use throughout the Western States and the British Provinces for the last ten years and upwards, have shown themselves to possess, in a greater degree than any other Roofing Material known, the following valuable requisites : CHEAPNESS, DUBABILITT & SECUBIT7 Against the Action of the Elements. Certificates from parties of the highest respectability, Insurance Companies, Archi- tects, Contractors, Builders, &c. can be seen, and any information given, by calling at our office. c. No. 2 JARVIS BUILDING, CORNER OF NORTH AND BALTIMORE STREETS, 13f/i sti^eet, near Main-st,, Richmond, Va, JOSEPH NEAL, Agent, Winchester; J. R. PELCHER, Harrisonburg, Va. The subscriber respectfully announces to the citizens of Baltimore and vicinity, that, having located himself in this city, with a view of becoming a permanent resident, he is prepared to receive visitors at his Architectural Rooms, J^o. 1 Jarvis Bnilding, over the Patriot Office, Corner of Baltimore andJ^orth streets, Baltimore, where he will be happy to show Designs for mMM^ MW mwAm mnmiiism. Such as Churches, Court Houses, Railroad Depots, Italian Villas, Cottages, and beau- tiful Suburban Residences, such as are seen about Boston and New York, (he having formerly been a resident of Boston.) The public are invited to give him a call, as the long experience and extensive practice he has had in all the branches of his profession, will make it an object to all those who are contemplating building to ayail themselves of his services. |l3^Positive estimates will be given when desired. WM. BROWN, Architect. REFERENCES.— Baltimore J. H. B. Latrobe, J. D. Pratt, Rev. F. Wilson, Rev. Richard Fuller, D. D. Rev. G. W. Burnap, D. D. Rev. J. C. Backus, D. D. Col. R. France, F. S. Streeter, H. C. Murray. D. B. Ferguson, A. D. Kelly, Jr. J. L. Martin, M. D. Francis Patrick Kenrick, Archbishop of Baltimore. T. U. Walter, .Architect Capitol Extension, Washington. A. B. YovuG, Architect of Boston Custom Heiise.\ MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. Norfolk and Portsmouth Herald, PUBLISHED DAILY" AND WEEKLY. THOMAS G. BROUGHTON, ) Editors and RICHARD G. BROUGHTON, J Proprietors. THE AMERICAN BEACON, PUBLISHED Daily, Tri- Weekly and Weekly. WM. E. CUNNINGHAM, | Proprietors RICHARD GATEWOOD, Jr. ^proprietors. WM. E. CUNNINGHAM, Editor. ISAAC M. PATRIDGE, Ass'x Editor. OFFICE: Wide Water street, 2nd door from Commerce-st. NORFOLK. NORFOLK DAILY COURIER. JAMES H. MOORE, ) r, . „ JOHN H KIRBY ^ ''Ditors and Proprietors. The Largest Circulation in the City. DAILY SOUTHERN ARGUS, NOBFOLK, Va. T. M. CROWDER, Editor and Proprietor. Office on Co7nmerce-st., 3 doors above Wide Water. THE price of the Daily Argus is : For one year, if paid in advance, . . $6 00 For one year, if not paid within tliree months, 7 00 THE price of the Tri-Weeklt Argcs is : For one year, if paid in advance, . . $4 00 For one year, if not paid within three months, 5 00 WHEELING FEMALE SEMINARY. This Institution has been in successful operation several years, the building was erected at an expense of about |20,000. It occupies an elevated position, affording a fine view of the surrounding country. This school offers peculiar advantages to Young Ladies wishing a finished education. At the present time there are engaged seven ac- complished Teachers. Terms, per session of five months, for Boarders, $110, will pay for all charges, includ- ing Music Instruction on Piano, Drawing and Modern Languages. Session commences 1st Wednesday of September and February of each year, leaving a vacation of two months, from 1st of July to 1st of September. MRS. S. B. THOMPSON, Principal. W. & J. GOSHORN, VA. MAIN STREET CHARLESTON, Dealers in READY-MADE CLOTHING, DRY GOODS, QUEENS and GLASS- WARE, HATS, BONNETS, HOSIERY, LACES, GLOVES, LADIES' DRESS GOODS of every description and quality, FANCY ARTICLES, &c. &c. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEHENTS. BLAKE'S PATENT FIRE-PROOF PAINT. The original and only article that can be sold without infringing the patent will at all times be kept both ground, in oil and dry powder, at 119 Pearl street, by the Patentee. The patent has just been decided in the United States Court, to be good and valid. In consequence of this decision throwing the enUrebusiness into my hands, I shall material- ly reduce the'price, as I can manufacture tlien a large quantity much cheaper propor- •tionally than a small. All infringements will be prosecuted. WM. BLAKE,. Patentee, •No. 119 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. Erom the Mining phroniclc, Blake's Patent Fire-Proof Paint. — It is with pleasure that we bring this valuable article before the public generally, and particularly to the notice of the readers of this paper. It is, in our opinion, just the article that every manufacturing establishment, es- pecially iron establishments, ought to use very largely. It has now been tested about eight years, and was, the other day, proved in the United States Court, by several wit- nesjes from Ohio, that the paint applied eight years siTice was now as permanent as a year after put on ; that the weather seems to have no effect upon it than to turn it to slate or stone, protecting whatever covered from fire, water and weather. All other paints areheld on by the oil with which they are applied, and as soon as the oil is destroyed by the action of the weather, the paint is left in dry powder, and will wash or rub off ; but this has a cohesive power within itself, a cementing quality, and as the oil.leaves it, it forms a perfect slate, upon which tbe weather seems to have no effect. They are now manufacturing large "quantities of school slates from the article by painting thin boards, and after it gets hard it is rubbed down even with pumict stone. The marbleized iron is made from it ; the iron is cast into beautiful mantles, table-tops, and other various arti- cles, and a coating of this put over, and after it hardens is rubbed down and polished in the same manner as ordinary marble. The coating, after it. becomes slate, renders whatever covered fire-proof, as the coating itself will not burn, therefore no air can get to the wood underneath, and where there is no air there can be no combustion. The wood will char before the coating will give way. It has been found upon trial to stand more heat than tin or zinc. At a great fire in Akron,- Ohio, it was tested ; after winch all the Insurance Coppanies in that city published the following card. Akron, Ohio, J»/ot/ 22, "1850. This may certify that *-e have been acquainted with Blake's Patent Fire-Proof Paint for some years, and are well assured that it is really what its name indicates-i- fire-proot. We consider it a better fire-proof than tin or zinc, and will insure build- ings covered with it at a much lower premium than those covered with the above men- tioned metals. H. K. Smith, Sec'y Summit Mutual Fire Ins. Co. Dan'l S. Lee, Agent of Medina Co. Mut. Ins. Co. D. B. Hadley, Agent of Stark Mut. Ins. Co. • •". R. F. Codding, Agent Port'e and Farm. Ins. Co. J. -A. Beales, Agent Portage Ins. Co. Wheeler, Lee & Co., Col. Ins. Co. We are aware that tliei» is considerable prejudice among the planters, in consequence of the coarse- ness of this paint, as formerly manufactured, which rendered it difficult to spread; but, since the decision sustaining the patent, Mr. K. has been to great expense in erecting new and improved machinery, so that he now turns out the paint a^ firft as the finest white lead, and is as easily applied. We have just seen certificates of more than fifty of the officers of diflerent railroads, stating that they use tliis kind of paint on all their structures that they wish to protect from fire or weather, and prefer it to anything they have yet discovered. It has just been avwirded the highest premium at the World's Fair, and for the last four years received from the American Institute their highest awards. Sinc§ the decision "sustaining the patent, throwing the whole business into Mr. Blake's hands, he has rediiced the price nearly one-half, as he can sell a large quantity much cheaper proportionately than a small amount. 1 he powder is sufliciently fine to mix with the oil without further grinding, and we will now state to the Iron manufacturers particularly, that we believe it would be greatly to their interest to send to Mr. Blake's, 119 Pearl street, and get a quantity of this cheap paint, and"cover their buildings, both roofs and sides— as he has colors suitable for both— and in a few months you will have a coat of mail over your entire buildings that will protect tliem •»• ^9* A. IMPORTERS OF o PAMM & Miei MRDffilffl, "^^m imwaAM ^ ^BSToj^ g:^ o CE) No. 37 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, Having purchased the Exclusive Right to sell FAIRBANK'S Piillf In the SOUTHERN STATES, are prepared to execute orders for any description or size, from the Apothecary's Scale, registering 1 dwt., to the Weighlock or Canal Scale, of 500 tons capacity. lE^The universal accuracy of these Scales has led to their adoption by the General Government as the Standard. In a recent suit before the Court of Common Pleas of Baltimore City, the learned Judge declared in open court, That Fairbank's Scales being the standard, their accuracy being determined beyond all question, that all legal issues must be decided in their favor, SPEAR, WESTON & CO. HAVE ALSO THE AGENCIES FOR Of EVANS & WATSON'S celebrated manufacture ; and HUSE'S WATER ME- TER, one of the most valuable inventions of the age, intended for measuring the FLOW OF WATER, and at the same time affording an efficient and economical MOTIVE POWER. IMPROVED PATENT CmCULAR ^ MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. IMPROVED PATENT CIRCULAR GEORGE PAGE & CO. NORTH SCHROEDER, Near West Baltimore Street, BALTIMORE, MD. Respectfully inform their friends and the public generally, that they have greatly enlarged their manufacturing establishment, and that they have now such facilities as will enable them to execute all orders with promptness, for their justly celebrated Patent Portable Circular Saw Mills, Which have given such general satisfaction throughout the Union, the three classes of which they make, each larger and stronger than the other. They also manufacture Of all sizes and kinds. HORSE POWERS, GRIST MILLS, i^i ^^ Together with various other machines and implements for economising labor. For the greater facility of transportation, they have constructed a Steam Engine with tubular boiler on wheels, attached to a Saw Mill, one of which they exhibited at the Maryland State Agricultural Society's Fair, in October last, and for which they re- ceived a Hundred Dollar Prkmium. Since the Portable Circular Saw Mills were invented by, and patented to, their senior partner, they have made many improvements, which render them perfect in all their de- tails and justly entitle them to be considered first among the labor saving machines of the age. v A Pamphlet, descriptive of the several classes of mills, prices, terms, capacity for sawing, &c., will be sent to any gentleman applying by letter, post-paid. Having recently obtained damages in an action bronght in the U. S. Circuit Court of Maryland, for an infringement o( their Patent Rights, they hereby forewarn and caution all persons from purchasing Mills similar to theirs from unaiUliorized builders, or the Agents of such persons. Address, GEOEGE PAGE & CO. North Schroe:!er, near Baltlmore-st., Baltimore^ Md. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. GROYER, BAKER & GO'S o ri :h" I cj Es s s Haymarket Square, Boston. 404 Broadway, New York. 42 South Fourth-st, Philadelphia. 109 Main Street, Buffalo. 171 Main Street, Cincinnati. These Machines, for simplicity, durability and adaptedness fordoing, with any kind of thread, all varieties of sewing in cloth and leather, with the greatest speed and certainty, and in curved, straight or irregular seams, are unequaled. The stitch is wholly unlike any other rightfully in use. It is formed by two needles, supplied with thread from stationary spools, and the threads are securely tied together and fastened at each stitch, forming a seam far stronger and more beautiful than any other, and which will never rip under any circumstances whatever. Price for Single Machines, and right to use, from $75 to $ 160, according to size and style. Each Machine is threaded for use and securely boxed for transportation to any distance, accompanied with full directions for using. Pamphlets containing draw- ings, descriptions and prices of each Machine, with numerous testimonials from persons using them, sent to all desiring them. Public attention is also called to their new and improved Having all the excellencies, and none of the imperfections of the same class, at the low price of $ 75. Assurance is given that this is no botched up or rattle-box affair, but is what it purports to be, a SHUTTLE SEWING MACHINE, got up on the most tasty and scientific principles. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. S. GANS, ) M. GANS, ] D. GANS, L. J. LEBERMAN. GANS, LEBERMAN & CO. WHOLESALE ^ ^^\^\U^ ^t^^/4 MMIfcfcJgUgBW '^ Eh Q a Eh CO o Z r > D PI "0 The Oldest exclusively Wholesale Clothiers in Phila. Desire to draw the attention of the Dealers to their stock of IMBf -MABl €L0T1IM, (Manufactured under the superintendence of two of the proprietors, who are Practical Tailors,) which for Cut, neat Fit, Style, Finish, Elegance, Uniformity and Low Prices, cannot be surpassed by any other Establishment. Their new and capacious Warehouse contains a complete assortment of all articles required by the Trade, and Merchants would derive great advantages by examining it before purchasing elsewhere. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. The Richmond Enquirer. PUBLISHED DAILY AND SEMI-WEEKLY. BY RITCHIE, PRYOR ifc DUNNAVANT. TERMS. Daily Paper, seven dollars per annum, Semi- Weekly, five dollars per annum. All dues to this office may be remitted per mail, in good and available Bank notes, at the risk of the Editors. TERMS OP ADVERTISING In the Daily Enqcirer. — For ten lines or less, first insertion, fifty cents, and every succeeding insertion twenty-five cents. If inserted once a week, twice a week, or three times a week, thirty- seven and a half cents for each insertion after the first. Annual advertisers are charged fifty dollars for TWELVE lines, and in that proportion for adver- tisements of a greater length. In THE Hemi- Weekly — For ten lines or less, first insertion, seventy-five cents, for each con- tinuance fifty cents. Orders from a distance must be accompanied with the advance pay or satisfactory references, to insure execution. RICHMOND WHIG. Terms— Daily, $8; Semi- Weekly, $5. Pay- ment to be invariably in advance. Advertising. — One square of 10 lines, 75 cents for first insertion, 50 cents per square for each continuance. {«? POSTMASTERS are authorized to act as our agents. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Letters on business must be addressed to the "Editor of the Whig." Ciimmunications will be charged the same as ad- vertisements. Richmond Daily Dispatch. By J. A. COWARDIN. The DAILY DISPATCH is served to subscribers at six and a quarter cents PER WEEK, payable totlie Carrier weekly. Price for mailing, $4 a year, in advance. THE WEEKLY DISPATCH is issued every Friday, and mailed to subscribers at $1 per annum. RICHMOND EXAMINER. R. W. HUGHES, Editor. WM. LLOYD i AND > Publishers. C. L. LONG, > T E R TVT S The RICHMOND EXAMINER is pub- lished semi-weekly at FIVE DOLLARS per annum, which may be discharged by the payment of FOUR DOLLARS within thirty days after the date of subscription. The RICHMOND WEEKLY EXAM- INER is published at TWO DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS per annum, which may be discharged by the payment of TWO DOLLARS within thirty days after the date of subscription. ADVERTISING.— For one square, (of TEN lines or less of nonpareil,) first insertion, seventy-five CENTS, and for each subsequent insertion fifty cents. Remittances by mail, attested by postmasters, may always be made at the proprietor's risk. The Wheeling Intelligencer, IS PUBLISHED DAILY, TRIWEEKLY AND WEEKLY BY SWBARINGEN, TAYLOR & CO. J. B. SWKARINGEN. O. I. TAYLOR. J.H.PENDLETON, Terms: . $5 00 Daily, per annum, or 10 cents per week. Tri-Weekly, per annum. Weekly, .... 3 CO 1 00 TIMES AND GAZETTE. WHEELING, VA. E. R. Bartleson, Publisher & Proprietor. J. E. Wharton, Editor. Daily, $5; Tri-Weekly, $3; Weekly, $1 50; in advance. Daily, 10 cents per week. Circulation larger than any other Paper in Western Virginia. D. & J. NOBLIT'S WAREROOMS, HAIR SEATING AND CURLED HAIR MANUFACTORY, Wo. 83 SOUTH SECO:\D STItei^T, JVearly opposite the Pennsylvania Bank, Hotel Keepers are particularly invited to examine our stock. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. U.S. CLOTHING EMFOBIUM, GEORGE W. HEED & CO. Successors to REED, BROTHERS & CO. THIS CELEBRATED MMJ-mm^ CLOTHIM Establishment, having received during its existence an unprecedented share of public patronage, the Proprietors beg leave to adopt this meth- od of expressing their thanks, and also to state that they have been enabled, by the great skill, energy and talent they have brought around them in the Clothing Department, to place this Establisement at the head of this branch of trade in the city, and second to none in the Union. This Clothing Stock embraces a full assortment of the finer and higher class of Clothing, also a large variety of the lower grades, and the whole of which for low prices, uniformity of work, cut, style and finish, cannot be excelled. We desire, also, to call special attention to our Boys' Clothing Warerooms, which embrace a handsome stock of desirable goods. Facilities are offered at this establishment to merchants worthy of credit, making sales upon the usual terms, alloiving the regular discount for cash. We desire to state, also, that we have secured the sole agency for this city of a celebrated article of Gum Clothing, every article of which is warranted, and will be sold at prices remunerating to the buyer. Dealers in Men's and Boys' Clothing, will profit by calling at the Mammoth Cloth- ing Establishment, and examining this well assorted stock previous to buying. Having very great facilities for manufacturing large and heavy lots of Clothing to order, we are warranted in stating to the public, they may be assured of greater prompt- ness and dispatch being used in the execution of all order;- than is usual. FURNISHING GOODS, in every variety. OflOBCff: ^W. MMMB &: CO. Successors to Reed, Brothers & Co. Clothiers and Importers and Jobbers in Dry Goods, Nos. 177 and 1771 MARKET STREET, Above Fourth, AT THE RED DOORS. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 1855. PHI£.ADi:£.PHIA. 1856. AND 9 Gun Warehouse, No. 181 Market and 16 Commerce Streets. MOOHE, HENSZE7 & CO. Are now located at the above large and spacious warehouses, and keep constantly on hand, one of the largest and most mag- nificent stocks of CUTLERY, GUNS, Axes, &c* Ever offered for sale in this coun- try, to which they invite the at- tention of all that wish to make their purchases at a LOW RATE, our facilities for obtaining goods being such, that we can and will sell at such rates that the closest buyers shall not go away dissat- isfied. Prompt six months and cash ^ buyers, will find it much to their ; interest to call and look through ■ our immense stock of Foreign and i Domestic Hardware, Cutlery, &c., I at our new warehouses, gNo. 181 Market Street, _fe AND M No. 16 Commerce-st., MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 62 S. FOURTH ST., below Chesnut, iiis3i^^ ^S^-^-^^C'^rs;-^'^ Awarded to C. Meyer, for his Two Pianos, London, October 15, 1851. C. MEYER respectfully informs his friends and the public generally, that he has constantly on hand. Pianos, equal to those for which he received the Prize Medal, in London, in 1851. All orders promptly attended to, and great care taken in the selection and packing the same. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. f GOODS, liACE €}OOD§, AND o r^ Xj SHAFLEIGH & RUE, 'raprtpo anil Snhhrrs. No. 110 Market Street, s'r:^ c:::3Crp fs, The advantage of buying from first hands, and from a house personally making their selections in Europe, and ex- cluswelij engnj^ed in a particular branch of business, are too well known to need enumeration. The attention of the trade is respectfully solicited. lONTHL! fflmW, D NEAV SERIES. The Journal of Progress will connect itself to the fortunes of no political party. It will maintain the integrity of the Union, and the sovereignty of the states which com- pose it, subject to the limits which the Federal compact has imposed upon them. As one means of carrying out these great principles, it will encourage the develop- ment of the Southern and Western sections. This will promote federal harmony by increasing the popular intercourse, and it will increase the reciprocal respect of the different states by encouraging their individual prosperity and independence. Without going into an extended detail of the measures necessary to carry out these principles, it may be noted that the Journal of Progress will comprehend amongst the most important physical and industrial interests, indispensable to the States or Sec- tions — more of Education ; .^gricidlurc , Foreign and Domestic ; Commerce, Internal Im- provement, Finances, Manufactures and Mining. In all these departments, its columns shall be worthy of patronage, commendation and reliance. It will afford a register of the value and character of iavifcs. State Improvements, Stocks, J^otes and Bonds. Also, the Foreign and Domestic Market Prices of the great Souther7i and Western Staples, with a candid opinion of the progress and prospects of the growing crops of the season. The reports shall be corrected to the day of monthly publication. The Commercial Department will commence with a descriptive sketch of Richmond, together with a splendid engraving of that city, prepared expressly for this Journal. This will be followed by similar sketches of St. Louis, Baltimore, Cincinnati, J^'eio Orleans, Mobile, Mishville, Charleston, Louisville, Savannah, Galveston, and other cities of the South and West. Will be commenced as soon as possible. The Union Gallery of Portraits and Biog- raphies of Individuals, who have, by industry, energy, integrity and business tact, achieved a position, at the head of their respective classes. Many have fought the great battle of life without aid, or even sympathy, and their history will enforce the great lesson to new beginners — that few things are impossible to the resolute will, under guidance of a direct and straightforward principle. Subscription, $ ,3 00 per annum, in advance ; 25 cents per single number. Advertisements taken at reasonable rates. RICHARD EDWARDS, Editor. All Communications for this Journal must be post-paid, directed to Journal of Progress, Richmond, Baltimoi e, Mempkis, or St. Louis. { ^ STATISTICAL GAZETTEER OF THE STATE OF EMBRACING IMPORTANT TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL INFORMATION FROM RECENT AND ORIGINAL SOURCES, TOGETHER WITH THE RESULTS OF THE LAST CENSUS POPULATION, IN MOST CASES, TO 1854. EDITED BY itfjar^ €ljtoarh. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the State of Virginia. RIOHMOND: PUBLISHED FOR THE PROPRIETOR. 1855. BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. COMMERCIAL COLLEGE, .LOCATED AT This Institution presents superior facilities to young men desirous of obtaining a thorough and practical business edu- cation. THE COUKSE OF INSTRUCTION DODBLE-ENTiy'ioOK-KKEPING, EMBRACING WHOLESALE, RETAIL, COMMISSION, EXCHANGE, BANKING, MANUFACTURING, SHIPPING, STEAM-BOATING AND COMPOUND COMPANY BUSINESS; PENMANSHIP, COMMERCIAL CALCULATIONS, COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE AND COMMERCIAL LAW. There being no vacation, applicants can enter College at any time and attend day and evening. MOi gtmmi Rssirt/is ^ipimts iiiOTJOTBH. Examinations are held at stated periods and Diplomas award- ed to those competent to represent the School in a mercantile manner. Length of Time rec[uired to complete the Full Course, from Six to Ten Weeks. Fee for the same, (including every charge,) |40. Jg@°°For particulars write and receive a Circular by mail. mEF^CE. I HAVE been induced to prepare and publish this volume in accordance with a conviction that the business interests of the community demanded just such a publication. I am well aware that it is considered by Critics an unpardonable offence to bring a work to public notice and then apologize for its imperfections. This is not intended for such, and I hoi^e they will give themselves no trouble on its account. The Editor claims no literary attainment — he only claims the merit due to enterprise and unconquerable perseverance in producing o.ut of so varied, and from such numerous sources, this his first attempt to show forth in a neat and useful form the greatness of the State in her mercantile, manufacturing, com- mercial, and agricultural resources. One great perplexity in a work of this kind consists in the difficulty, if not impossibility of putting it into a form to suit the various classes of readers. If some trifle has been omitted in which an individual has a pecuniary interest — ^he will be like the Dutchman, who not finding his name in a Directory — calling at the Office for satisfaction inquires, "Vy you not put my names in the Correctory ? Vy your Correctory is not vorth von cent. How do peoples knows vere he kets his Sour-krout?" To represent correctly the present condition of the State — so vast in extent and so various in feature, is a task of great difficulty as will readily be perceived. Owing to the endless number of topics and the changes that are continually taking place in every County, City, Town and Village throughout the land ; there cannot but be great imperfection in the work. In the performance of this arduous task, every available means through which recent and authentic information could be obtained has been care- fully consulted. So large a number of descriptions must necessarily be brief. It will, however, be perceived that notices of Counties and all important places are full and comprehensive. The aim has been to sum up in a small compass all the more important facts, and the most interesting points in the statistics of tlie census of 1850. I feel myself no less indebted to numerous gentlemen throughout the State whose names, were I authorized, it would be a pleasure to make known. But if my acknowledgments are due to such as gave imj^ortant assistance, then, indeed I owe my heart-felt thanks to the merchants and manufacturers whose cards will be found within these pages, and for whose benefit I have endeavored to present them in conjunction with that which will attract not only the attention of the commercial community, but the public generally. If this has been happily effect- ed, then am I content, and hope the present volume will approve itself to my ad- vertising patrons, inducing them to continue the very liberal encouragement be- stowed thus far upon my effort ; and trust before the publication of a 2d volume many more may be induced to avail themselves of the benefit of such a circulation as this book will have. In presenting my efforts to the public, I am encouraged to think that those whose criticism is most to be valued, will be most capable of appreciating the difficulties of the undertaking. With these few remarks I com- mend it to the favorable regard of the Public. PJCHAED EDWARDS. LUCAS' BALTIMORE Cp m)i pe JoiitArg, BANK LANE, ADJOINING BAKNUM'S CITY HOTEL. This Establishment, which has been in successful operation for a number of years, is at all times prepared to furnish Book and Newspaper Printers with Type of every size and description, of as beautiful face and durability as any Foundry in this country, and at the foUlowing GREATLY REDUCED RATES! Pica to four line Pica 32 cts. Small Pica 34 " Long Primer 36 " Bourgeois 40 " Brevier 44 " Minion 48 cts. Nonpareil 58 " Agate 72 " Pearl 1 08 " Diamond 1 60 " The attention of Printers is specially invited to the very celebrated Scotch-Cut Letter. The considerable additions lately made to the stock of FANCY LETTER, COMBINATION BORDERS, FLOWERS, CUTS and ORNAMENTS of every description, render the assort- ment as complete as can be obtained at any other Foundry. We are prepared to furnish Printers with everj' article necessary for a complete Printing OfGce. Type; Cases of every description; Cabinets of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 pairs of Cases; double Stands, with and without racks; Composing Sticks, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 inches; double and single column Brass Galleys, wood do., &c. Leads of every required thickness ; metal and wood Furniture of all sizes ; wrought and cast iron Chases of every size and descjiption ; Quoins of cherry, mahogany, hickory, box and u'on wood ; Imposing Stones, &c. BRASS RULE of every variety of pattern — including plain single, parallel, double, waved, and dotted ; also, Brass Dashes of various sizes and patterns. PRINTERS' INK, for News and Book Work; Colored Inks, Varnish, Gold Size, &c. of all qualities, at manufacturer's prices. POWER, CARD and HAND PRESSES furnished at manufacturer's prices. WOOD LETTER of every size, from two to scventy-tive lines Pica — Plain, Ornamented, Condensed Gothic, Grecian, &c., furnished at manufacturer's prices. Wo are prepared to Electrotype Books, Pamphlets, Labels, and Cuts of all kinds, in the very highest perfection of the art. Books, pamphlets, and labels of every description done in the very best manner and at the lowest prices. A variety of SECOND-HAND MATERIALS— consisting of Presses, Type of various sizes; Chases, Cases, and Stands ; Imposing Stones, &c. may generally be had at the Foundry. Printers wishing to establish a Newspaper, Book, or Job Oflice, will be furnished with an estimate in detail, on stating what work is required to be done. OLD TYPE taken in exchange for new, at NINE CENTS per pound, if delivered at the Foundry FREE OF EXPENSE within THIRTY DAYS from the date of purchasing. ^iT' Specimen Books will be sent to Printers wishing to make orders ; and by calling at the Foundry all the Specimen Books of the various Founth-ies in the country can be examined. Orders t« be addressed to LUCAS BROTHERS, Fraprktors, SUCCESSORS TO FIELDING LUCAS, JK., No. 170 Market Street, Baltimore, Md. GENERAL INDEX. Title. 1851, prepared by H. C. Cabell and Wra Preface. M. Burwell, Esqs., 125 Index. Gazetteer alphebetically arranged, 1C5 Description of Virginia, 65 Portrait of Jefferson, 157 Internal Communication, 93 " " Harrison, 211 Banks in the State, 97 " " John Tyler, 211 Government of the State, 99 " " Monroe, 283 Education in the Slate, 109 " " Madison, 335 Portrait of Cabot, 115 « " Z. Taylor, 335 Historical Sketch, 115 " " Washington, 400 Names of all the Governors, from 1607 to 1855 123 Description of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Proceedings of the Virginia Commercial Con road, from Wheeling to Baltimore, pre- vention, which was held in the Capita pared by W. PrescottSmilh,Esq.,of Bal of the Commonwealth Sep. 10 and 11th tiniore. 415 INDEX TO THE CARDS AND ADVERTISEMENTS OF THE LARGEST AKD MOST RELIABLE MERCHANTS, MANUFACTURERS AND BUSINESS MEN OF RICHMOND, NORFOLK, PETERSBURG LYNCHBURG, ALEXANDRIA AND WHEELING. Agricultural Implements. Bell and Brass 'Works. H. M. Smith, Richmond, 74 D. Hagerty, Richmond, 202 William Palmer, Richmond, 74 J. &. J. Carr, Alexandria, 260 Boriim & McClean, Norfolk, 56 George G. Curie, Lynchburg, 228 Boots and Slioes. H. S. Whitmore, Lynchburg, Mead & Eaches, Alexandria, R. McLagan, Alexandria, Rice & Swartz, Wheeling, W. & J. Stewart, Wheeling, R. H. Hubbell, Wheeling, B. Hoyle, Wheeling, 230 236 238 356 374 576 376 Charles S. Maurice, Richmond, John Thompson, Richmond, Hobson St Armistead, Lynchhuvg, McClallens &. Knox, VVhecling, B. H. Walson, Wheeling, M. M. Neal, Wheeling, 72 96 218 3.'56 368 370 Addison & Howard, Alexandria, 260 Coach and Carriage Makers and Deal- Attorneys at Law. ers. Hooker, Osbnrn & Co., Richmond, 76 Johnson & Johnston, Richmond, 66 R. H. Bosher, Richmond, 76 Henry Coalter Cabell, Richmond, 66 J. H. Anthony, Richmond, 94 E. Nance, Richmond, 66 Daniel Parkmson, Petersburg, 184 11. T. Coalter, Richmond, 66 G. A. Frobe, Wheeling, 366 John L. Newby, Wheeling, S. F. Black, Wheeling, 356 374 Carpet Wareliouse. Wm. A. Walters, Norlolk, 163 Auctioneers and Agents. Thomas W. Keese, Richmond, 108 China and Glass Ware. Crouch & Hooper, Richmond, 950 Bulkley & Co., Richmond, George J. Sumner, Richmond, J. D. B. Evans, Richmond, 73 136 Brusli and Bellows Manufactvirers. 136 A.Jahn, Wheeling, J. Arndt, Wheeling, 378 Stehbings & Pullens, Richmond, 138 332 Muir & Stevens, Petersburg, 182 Kerr Ss. Marburg, Petersburg, 286 Bre^Ters and Hop Dealers. T. Sweeney & Son, Wheellns!, J. K. Dunham & Co., Wheeling, 382 364 Geo. W. Smith, Wheeling, 354 David Mass, Wheeling, 372 Confectioneries, &c. F. J. Rothacker, Wheeling, 372 Daughtrey & Harrison, Petersburg. 172 Peter Sinmier, Wheeling, 378 Louis J. Bassieux, Richmond, 110 Boolcsellers, Binders and Music Deal- Commission, Forwarding and Groce- 1 ers. A.Morris, Richmond, 196, 70 ry Merchants. James VVnodhouse, Richmond, 72 Rawlings &. Miller, Richmond, 9S R. A. Williams, Lynchburg, 220 S. McGruders Sons, Richmond, 100 John H. Parroti, Alexandria, 256 John Woinble & Co., Richmond, lUO John B. Ege, Petersburg, 172 Stokes & Co., late Flannagan, James Mellor, Wheeling, 366 Stokes & Co., Richmond, 100 54 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. BANK NOTE ENGRAVERS. RAWDON, WRIGHT, HATCH & EDSON, O ]E^ 3E^ ICIJ E5 Ss ALBANY, CINCINNATI AND NEW ORLEANS, Also at BOSTON, under the name of NEW ENGLAND BANK NOTE CO. Are prepared at either of the above named places to execute all orders for BANK NOTE ENGRAVING AND PRINTING, With promptitude and fidelity, and ample provision is made for the safety of all plates and impressions intrusted to their care. Their specimens embrace a great variety of YIGNETTES AND ORNAMENTAL DIE WOEK, SUITABLE FOR Bank Notes, Bonds, Bills of Exchange, Bills of Lading, Deposit and Stock Certificates, Diplomas, Checks, &c. Accumulated at great expense, and illustrating almost every subject con- nected with the business of the country ; and the superiority of their style of work, as affording the best possible security against counterfeiting, is established by the success of their efforts, which have been devoted to the attainment of that object during an experience of twenty-five years past. Bank Note Paper, of the best quality, constantly for sale at manufacturers' prices. James T. Butler & Co., Jeter & Leftnicli, C. T. Worthain & Co., Hooker &, VVatkins, Harksdale, Stovall & Co., William Taylor, E. H. Skinker & Co., Ver.ser & Boisseaw, Winston & Powers, John M. Koyall, Brown & Shook, Logan Waller, Smith & Maddux, Hugh W. Fry & Sons, Wilson Williams, H. W. Tyler, Anderson & Reynolds, William Lewis & Co., John T. Redmond, Morrison iMarable & Co., Biittoii, Todd& Harrison, Walkiiis, Son & Co., Mcllvaiiie, Son &. Co., Royal Parish, Rowland &. Brothers, Lacy & Terry, I''owle & Co., W. Kelrey, J. Si W. (ioshorn, Richmond, Richmond, Ricnmnnd, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Richmsnd, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Norfolk, Norfolk, Norfolk, Petersburg, Petersburg, Petersburg, Petersburj.', Richmond, Norfolk, Lynchburg, Alexandria, Wheeling, Charleston, 102 102 104 104 104 106 106 106 108 108 110 110 140 98 94 98 V4 160 168 no 174 174 180 200 ■2u6 206 240 380 Mis Colleges and Schools. Richmond Female Institute, Mr. Lefebvres, Richmond, Leavenworth's Collegiate Sem- inary, Petersburg Norfolk Seminary for Young Ladies, Virginia Male and Female In- stitute, Portsmnuth, Medical College of Virginia, RichHiond, Mrs. Pellets, Richmond, S. S. Stevens, Richmond, Norfolk Female College, Norlolk Female Institute, Lynchburg Female Seminary, S. B. Thompson, Wheeling, Coxiperas. G. W. Eckhardt, Wheeling, : Clothing and Merchant Tailors' Furnishius Stores. 224 2U2 178 166 I4S 120 2«2 20o 204 208 232 Mis Keen, Baldwin &. Co., Gro.-hoiig, Tupman & Co., S. Merchant it Weisiger, William J. Smith, W. F. Uvvens, John C. Shafer, Will Holt Richardson, E. 15. Speiice, W. Ira Smith, Noah Walker & Co., George W. Farant & Co., Thomas Lewis, Scott and Harrison, late S. & L. Scott & Co., A. S. Shater &. Co., Halsey, Tupman St Co., Noah Walker St Co., Thomas W. Royston, JuUus Robinson, E. L). Keeling, Burroughs, Shafer &. Co., Isaac J. Seliginan, Lewis Burguer, Steen St Brother, J. D. Goodman, Richmond, Norfolk, Petersburg, " 176- Richmond, Lynchburg, Wheeling, Richmond, J. W. Watson, A. J. Osborne, M. P. Simmons, W. C. Cralles, | Daguerreiau Galleries. Bichmond, 124 -116 116 116 116 126 140 140 140 loO 150 162 176 -254 182 184 186 190 198 214 354 380 380 222 142 194 194 104 G. W. Minnis, Minnis & Tanner, P. E. Gibbs, I). Haas, Faris' Gallery, G. W. Minnis, Kent, Paine St Co., Wilhnghain, EUett St Co., Giiiter St Alrey, Binford,Mayo St Blair, Richardson 8t Co., P. Horton Keach, Dudley St Johnston, Thomas R. Price St Co., Wadsworth, Turner & Co., Brooks, Bell St Co., Christian St Lathorp, C. HartwellA Co., W. P. fie wart St Co., T. W. Bradbury, Stevenson & Weddell, Aug. AndersHii St Co. J. W. Heiskell, Richards, Bennett St Beers, P. Johnston St Brother, Alexander Duvall, Purcell, Ladd St Co., Dove St Co., M. A. Santos St Son, F. H. Robertson St Co., Lyon St Rives, W. D. Armstrong, Frederick Yakrling John Leadbeater, Todd, lliiiton St Traylor, Petersburg, 216 Lynchburg, 216 216 Ale.xandria, 242 Wheeling, 38J Petersburg, 252 ''rlinmings, &c. Richmond, 64 '< 128 (( 122 • ' 132 " 114 (( 122 » 126 (f 126 C( 126 u 128 " 128 a 142 Norfolk, 162 Petersburg, 184 " 186 Richmond, 198 Wheeling, 380 Alexandria, 58 It Medicines. Richmond, 130-134 " 130 " 130 " 130 It 1.30 Norfolk, 161 Petersburg, 174 (( 226 Wheeling, 356 " 372 Alexandria, 256 " 252 Dyeing Establishment. A. Grahams, Wheeling, 370 Express. Adams St Co., Furniture. Jones St Potts, Richmond, Lewis Salisbury, John J. Tompkins, O. Brian St Quick, Charles Koones, W. H. Seaman, C. C. Bradley, Norlolk, Norfolk, Norfolk, Alexandria, Wheeling, Alexandria, 222 92 150 152 164 242 368 256 foundries and Engine Works. Anderson, Delaney St Co., Samson St Pae, Burr St Ettenger, Turner, Steele, Hagan &. Co., Talbott St Brother, Tappey St Lumsden, A. G. Dabney, Diwguid St Brothers, George G. Curie, Thomas S. Jamison, Theaker, Mitchell & Co., Eiitwisle St Moore, John Moore, H. VV. Phillips, Richmond, 68, 248 Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Richmond, Petersburg, Lynchburg, Lynchburg, Lynchburg, Alexandria, Wlit-eling, Alexandria, Wheeling, Wheeling, 87 88, 60 84 90 188 210 114 208 234 aeu 258 372 378 Gun and Pistol Manufacturers. S. Sutherland, James Walsh, Wm. E. Foster, William S. Spratley, Charles Leonard, W. B. St C. Fisher, English, Castleman St Co., Richmond, Richmond, Norfolk, Norfolk, Petersburg, Ijynchbiirg, Alexandria, 7C 84 152 168 180 218 244 56 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 'WILDER'S PATENT 146 "W^ATER ST. V NEW' YORK > Messrs. STEARNS & MARVIN, Nos. 144 & 146 Water street, N. Y. CONTINUE TO MAKE AND SELL wiiDER'S mm mumm s,\fe, The Only Persons authorized (except in the New England States) to make and sell the same. B. G. WILDER, Patentee. September 8th, 1854. New Oeleans, August 16, 1854. Messrs. STEAENS & MARVIN, Nos. 144 and 146 "Water street. New York : Gentlemen,— In the great Are which occurred here on the 5th instant, our store was completely con- sumed. The flames from the drug store ojiposite came upon us so rapidly that we had barely time to lock up our books and malie our escape tlirough the back door. Our Safe was one of your "KICH &CO'a SAI-AMANDEK SAFES," (Wilder's Patent,) and although the fire was the hottest, there being a large quantity of liquors, oil and other merchandise stowed in the building, yet the books and papers came out uninjured, except the binding was started slightly. We are perfectlv satisfied that "your Safes are the proof," and we shall procure another of the same kind. Yours, &c., E. M. DALEY & CO. Jg©~A large assortment of the above Safes on hand, and JONES' IMPENETRA- BLE WORLD'S FAIR LOCK, Depot as above. H. KLEIHHAHS, NEAR FULTON STREET, ISTE^W^ YORK, MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF IN METAL, BRASS, EOSE WOOD, MAHOGANY, BLACK WALNUT, SATIN WOOD, SILVER, &c. &e. H. K. keeps constantly on hand a good assortment of the above-named articlee. ALSO SEGAR CASES FOR HOTELS AND GROCERIES. ^S2?~ Goods of the above articles carefully packed, boxed, and sent to any part of the United States. INDEX . 57 Hardvrare, Guu8,&c., &c. Paper Hanging and Upholstery , Smith & Roberts, Richmond, 82 Gushing & Oshun, Wheeling, 362 P. T. Moore & Co., " 92 John F. Regnawlt. Richmond, 136 Van Leu & Taylor, " 92 L. C. Tappey, ' Petershurg, 176 Q. & W. L. Morton, Petersburg, 188 William Wells, Winchester, 58 Muir & Bryan, " 188 Dunn & Spencer, " 190 Papers, IVe^vs and Magazines. English, Caslleman & Co., Alexandria, 244 S. E. Swartzwelder Winchesterj 58 Richmond Enquirer, Mis. Richmond VVIiig, (( Hats, Caps and Furs. Richmond Examiner, a John Dooley, Richmond, John Thompson, " Harrison & Blunt, Petershurg, 118 92 182 Daily Dispatch Richmond, Lynchburg Virginian Times & Gazette, Wheeling, Intellit^encer " a R. H. Stevens, Norloik, Hobson & Armistead, Lyncliburg, 206 218 South Side Democrat, Petersburg. Daily Intelligencer, " 252 252 Hotels and Restaurants. Dally Express, '< Alexandria Gazette, 252 240 Exchange Hotel, Richmond, 96 Virginia Sentinel, Alexandria 240 American Hotel, " 144 N. Carolina &, Virginia Hotel, Norfolk, 156 Rail Road Car Factory. Bollingbrook Hotel, Petersburg, Powell's " " 170 170 William Watkins & Co., Petersburg, Union Rail Road Car Company., 174 Jarrett's " " 226 G. W. Grice, Agent, Portsmouth, 146 Washington House, Lynchburg, 216 Marshall House, Alexandria, Me Lure House, Wheeling, 246 352 Surgical Instruments. Beymer House, " 360 Robert McN'aniee, Richmond, 73 Ingram & Knode, " City Hotel, « 360 382 Saw Manufacturers. Red Lion Hotel, " 382 Toland & Burger, Richmond, 88 Hotels. Virginia Hotel, Staunton, 260 Sash, Doors, Builders, »Sic. Woodward House, '' American Hotel, " 258 250 John & George Gibson, Richmond, William Forbes, " 264 80 Insvirance Companies and Agents. Joseph Foster, " Griffin Barnes, Norfolk, 80 154 Richmond Fire Association, 74 Morgan, Curie & Burnhain,^ Lynchbarg, 230 N.C. Arthur, Wheeling, 380 Crouch &. Hooper, Ricliuiond, 220 Stoves, Tin and Copper "Ware. W. D. Roberts, Jr., & Co. Norfolk, 156 Iron Railing and Grating, &c. Jos. R. Stnall & Co., " 160 James D. Brown, Richmond, 80 E. Varney, Wheeling, 370 Booth & Sommers, Petersburg, 180 Iron Nails and Steel Works, George L. Crow, Norfolk, 206 Shei)herd &. Robinson, Alexandria, 236 1 J. Hunter & Co., Richmond, 84 A. L. (iregorj', " 242 Stanton, Bell, tiow & Co., Wlieeling, 356 W. & J. Siewart, Wheeling, 374 Bailey, Woodward & Co., " 376 J. & D. Bayha, " 362 C. Elias Stifel, " 366 Lumber Merchants. R. & G. Whitfield, Richmond. 106 Tobacco Manufacturers and Deal Ers. C. Walthall, " 200 W. H. Grant, Richm-d, 100 -358 Grant &, Bennett, " 110 liCatUer, Saddles, Sic, Coleman Wortham " 130 A. T. Garden, Wheeling, 864 James H. Grant, " 130 John Knote, " 366 Charles Richardson, " 222 John Lumpp, " Berger & HofTman, " 370 374 Trimmings, &c. John H. Hall, « 374 Richards, Alexandria, 58 W. MingNicoll, " 378 Marble Works. Wagons, Carts, Diay Manufacturers. |j Miller & Vincent, Richmond, 94 George W. Varney, Wheeling, 360 Henry Bull & Co., " 94 Samuel Irvin, " 368 Miles P. Butcher, Norfolk, U4 John D. Couper, " 154 Watclies and Jewelry. Bowie, Wriglit & Sharpe, Petersburg, John B. Gaddess, Lynchburg, J. Fagan, " Mitchell L. Rohan, Wheeling, 172 212 218 380 Mitchell & Tyler, Richmond, Gennet & James, " J. M. Freeman & Sons, Norfolk, C. F. Greenwood, " 192 138 156 158 Ornamental AVork. H. Sllverthorn & Co., Lynchburg, J. T. Young, Petersburg, 214 226 Day & Backley, Wheeling, 368 J. T. Scott, Wheeling 362 W. A. Turner, '' 364 Painters & Blind Makers. J. Brown, Winchester 58 George Roberts, Wheeling, John L. Hargraves, « 354 354 Wines, Manors, &c. J. Turton, « 362 Dudley & Co,, Richmond, 102 58 ALEXANDRIA AND WINCHESTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY. RICHARD'S s' AND 97 Kiii^ St., & 3 Exchange Block, Toilet Articles, Perfumeries, Fancy Working Materials, Port-Monnaies, Work Laces, Writing Desks, L.E. SWARTZWELDER, ])EALKR IN ALL KINDS OF E INI BRACING Saddlery, Cutlery, Guns, Shoe Findings, Hol- lo'w-'ware Castings, Iron, Nails, Spiral Springs, Steel, Sec; House Joiners' Tools, Sec. m ^ m <^ m '^ ^ ^ m^^ WILLIAM WELLS, & mmum triiiir, Loudon Street, nearly opposite Court Housej Keeps constantly on hand for sale, COTTAGE FUENITUKE, in sets for Chambers; SOFAS; LOUN- GES, sviriiig seat and common ; MAHOGANY CHAIKS, with spring and piaiu seats; Spring, Hair and Husk MATTRESSES; FEATHER BEDS, HOLSTERS, I'lLLOWS, &c., at city prices. lf5^?"UPI10LSTERlNG,done to order, and all kinds of Furniture Repaired at the shortest notice. |;:#"IIAIR, FEATHERS, HUSHS, SPRINGS, &c., for sale, wholesale or retail, at low prices. ORDERS thanktully received and promptly attended to. CLOCKS, WATCHES AND JEWELRY. is BE BHOWN', LOUDON STREST, Opposite the Taylor Hotel, -mmmmwm, wik. Keeps constantly on h.and a Large assortment of FINE WATCHES AND JEWELRY of aU kinds and patterns, which he will sell low for Cash, to suit purchasers. {5^ All kinds of WATCH-WORK done in the best manner and with promptness, and warranted for twelve months. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS IX BALTIMORE, PHILADELPHIA AXD NEW YORK, "WITH INDEX TO THEIR CARDS AND ADVERTISEMENTS. Agricultural Tniplementa, Seeds and Guauo, iSic. F. B. Didier & Brother, E. WliiniKiii Si Co., E. P. Di.iiei, J. jMont^oinery &. Brother, K. H. Khodcs, C. B. Kod^prs, Henry L. Tripler, G. A. Leiniiu, Balliiiiore, Baltimore, Baliiiiiorp, Baltimore, Baltimore, Philadelphia, 4(l8 Philadeii'hia, 4l6 Philadlidiia, 416 288 3-28 318 348 Mis Architects and Composition Roofs. Dixon, Balbirnie & Dixon, Baltimore, William Brown, Baltimore, C. ■ . Warren & Co., Baltimore, William Blake, New Vork, 294 Mis Mis Mis Colleges and Schools. N. C. Brooks. A. M.,. Balliinnie, 340 F. H. Gallagher, '• 340 O. K. Chamberlin, '• 50 Philadelphia College of Medicine, Pluladel. 394 Billiard Tables. Daniel D. "Winant, New York, Brick Machine. F. H. Smith, Baltimore, Books and Paper Dealers.. T. Newton Kurtz, Cnslnrigs &, Bailey, Jidiri dishing & Co., William Minifie, .lames S. Koliinson, Godev's J,adv's Book, J. H. Colton a Co., H. .1. Priee & Co.. Fowlers & Wells, Francis & Loutrell, Baltimore, 300 Baltimore, 220 Baltimore, 324 Baltimore, 326 Baltimore, 350 Philadelphia, 384 New York, Mi-: Philadehihia, 404 New York, 440 New York, Brass and Bell Foundrys. William Peters, Baltimore, 310 llardfsty & Mills, " 333 Clampitt & liegisier, " 346 Englisli &. .Methane, '• Mis Boots, Slioes and Blacking. I,pviek. Brother & Co.. John Vanileventer, Philad''lnhia, 4^4 New York, 418 William Morris, A. Britton, G. W. Ziaimerman, Blinds and Shades. Philadelphia, 404 " 410 Commission Alerclinnts. Baltimore, Charles n. De Ford &. Co., r.llientt & Hewes, W. L. Crapster, .lohii .Mef;owaii & Sons, (". C. < ''Veal, .Famf's J. I,awin, Mith. ws & Zollickoffer, H. Wcl.l. & Son, J. Tliomas Travers, Mis 27fi 260 263 268 270 270 300 302 China, Q,ueeus and Earthen Ware. Baltimore, W. F. Bokre, M. Perine & Son, George M. Bokee, Robert T. Banks, l/i'verins & Bro.,. William l^iijton, 272 272 272 300 Mis Mis Clotliing and Furnishing Goods. Hopkins & Fairchild, Baltimore, 303 Noah Walker & Co. " 314 Gans, Leharman & Co. Philadelphia, Mis Georce W. Reed & Co. '< Mis Wolles, Ballard & Co. " Mis Coacii and Buggy Trimmings. Richard Thompson, W. H. Horstmann & Sons Baliiniore, 278 Philadelphia, 398 Cry Goods, Trimmings, itc. Baltimore, Whiteley, Bros. & Stone, Oreni, Hopkins & Co. Leipw, Sander & Co., Wurt.s, Aiistine & iMcVeigh, W. H. Hoistman & Sons, McFarland, Evans & Co., Yard, Gillmore & Co., Shaplei:;!! & Rue, Pinneo & Co. 314 316 " 316 Philndelphia, .?H8 " 398 '•• 400 " 400 •' 404 New York, 4o6 Daguerreian Galleries. '^i'''»''y, \"<'w York, 442 Whitehiirst & Co. Baltimore, 63 Card Manufacturers. J. 11. Tla^ki'll, Baltimore, 204 James Smith &, Co., Philadelphia, 412 Confectioneries and Fancy Goods. Butt &. Rieketts, Baltimore, .3.->0 William Tiller, Philadelphia, 388 . Druggs and Medicine Fluids, Oils, John & Joseph Walker, VV. B. Hollinssworth, Chiistopher ^Vest, W. H. Brown & Brother, R. J. Baker, Baker & Brother, Smith & Atkinson, A. P. Sharp, F.. H. Stabler & Co., Wm. Blake. .Mortimer Sc. .Mowbray, Dr. J. S. Rose, I?. A. Falme-lock & Co. Dr. James McClintock, Dr. Swavno, Knight &. Co. John A. 'I'arraiit, I-. R. Dnrkee, Kelvea, (Inrter & Co., William Gee, Wl ler & Hart, Dr. Hemlerjon, <•' Eflge Tools, BoUs and Washer Manu- facturers. T. R. Wise. Baltitnore, 2B6 Frazier & .Atkinson, •• o 4:?0 432 444 4.'i0 450 New Vork, 60 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. WILLIAM S. BURR. WILLIAM ETTENGER. BURR 8l ETTEN&ER Eh m w BURR & ETTENGER. ENGINE i CAR BUILDERS . MACH I N I STS & FOUNDERS t=3 g es ^ ^ GARY. STREET . BETWEEN, I 5th & CfW^ ~t__--: -NEXT 6EL0W CITY CA,S''WORIi:.S-. ~i_.Jr^ W MANUFACTURERS OF AND ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF WOOD Al IRON WORK POR RAILRI ALSO, Circular Saw Mills^ &c. CASTING-S AND FORGED WORK MADE TO ORDER FOR SAW AND GRIST MILLS, MIXES, M OTOER PURPOSES. INDEX, 61 306 314 428 54 Engravers, Surgical Instruments, «&c. F. W. & R. King, Baltimore, Francis Arnold, " Whitney & Jocelyn, New York, Rowilen, Wright, Hutch & Edson, " French Burr Millstones. Morris &. Trimble, Baltimore, Flour merchants. Peter Savverweiu & Son, Baltimore, Foundries, Machine and Iron Works. Baltimore, 290 274 Bentley & Larrabee, Poole & Hunt, Franklin L. Bates, John r.. Blake, John G. Millholland, James Bates, Newsham & Co., George Page & Co., Fredi^Tick P. Flagler, New York, liookin: Glass, Frames and Show Cases. New York, S. J.Sigler, H. Kleinhans, Eldon & Sigler, " Williams, Stevens & Williams, " Marble Works. Sisson St. Baird, Baltimore, Oyster Packers. Lansdale &. Bro., Baltimore, Piano Forte Estahlishments. Neil, Duross ii Co., Baltimore, 418 56 Fancy Goods, Notions, &c. Baltimore, Smith &. Cock, Lerew, Sander & Co William Tiller, 316 316 Philadelphia, 388 Furniture and Cliairs. Baltimore, Meacham & Heywood, James P.. Ward & Co. John McMullen, John W. Jones, Briggs & Vickrere, M. W. King &, Son, D. & J. Noblits, K. Barns, Biddle, Keves & Son, Ireland & Harington, New York, 320 3^4 324 366 422 " ' 430 Philadelphia, Mis New York, 454 Philadelphia, — New Yoik, Fishing Tackle, Needles, &c. Thomas H. Bate, New York, Glass Ware, &c. Baltimore, New York, Hardvrare, Guns, &c. Baltimore, New York. W. B. Hollingsworth &. Co., Baker & Brother, B. B. & J. Hagarty, Anderson & Jessop, E.M. Bosley N. Wheaton Moore Henszey &. Co 274 350 456 306 312 Mis. Baltimore, 270 " 284 a 282 a 282 a 282 a 284 1' 284 a 348 New York, 424 Pliiladelphia , 414 u 4i4 Philadelphia, Mis Hats, Caps, Furs, &c. Taylor's Emporium, Baltimore, 298 C. Lasell, Pliiladelphia, 396 Hotels. M. Simons' Ilntel, Mcliilosli's Howard House, Washiniiton Hotel, Colunihia House, Eagle Hotel, National Hotel, New Depot Resturant, Susquehanna Hotel, Savery's Temperance Hotel, United States Hotel, Franklin House, House>.Keeping Goods. Spencer Rows, Baltimore, 348 Robinson & Allen, Philadelphia, 412 Cortlau &.C0., Baltimore, Mis India Rubber Goods, &c. N. A. Gutta Percha Co., New York,446 448 304 Mis 304 E. H. Osborn, " 322 Davis & Hitzel, " 342 Horace Waters, New York, 434 C. Meyer, Philadelphia, Mis Pump Block. John Mallon, Baltimore, 328 A. W. Gay & Co., N. York, 452-454 Printers' Materials. TiUcas & Brother, Baltimore, John Ryan & Bro., " Sheldon Collins, New York, Se-wing Machines. Avery S. M. Co.," New York, Grover, Baker & Co. ™ Philadelphia, Mis Scales, Safes, &c. Richard Murdock, B. G. Wilder, Spear, Weston &Co., S. Herring, Soap. Charles Faringer, Smith & Curlbtt, Charles & James Webb, William Johnson, E. W. Elkinton, Saddles, Harness, Hide and Leather. Grupy & Stansbury, Baltimore, 292 Thomas H. Hunt, " Maynard &. Rose, " John D. Hamniond, " Samuel Hunt, " G. H. Locker & Co., « Tin, Copper and Iron Ware. Keen & Hagerty, Baltimore, John M. Bruce, " C. L. Porter, " J. W. Middleton & Co., " E. Mills &. Brother, " Unkbrcllas, &c. Baltimore, New York, Baltimore, New York, Baltimore, Now York, 52 332 436 426 306 56 Mis 308 338 338 438 Philadelphia, 292 294 312 344 308 992 296 308 328 344 William Drown, W. A. Pearson, Philadelpaia, 402 « 402 Wines, Liquors, Alcohol, &c. W. &T. Thompson, Baltimore, 3 278 Charl(!s H. Koss & Co., " 276 Thomas Robinson, " 266 John Higl'ie &, Co., " 266 Thomas J. Flack, " 266 W. T. Walter &. Co., " 280 Smith, McNeal & t;o., " 304 James Hazlitt& Co., " 354 White Goods, Shapleigh &. Rue, 404 "Watches and Jewelcry and Regalia. George W. Webb. Baltimore Canfield, Bro. & Co. M. J. Drumniond, McClees &. Ham, 326 " ' 334 New York, 424 Baltimore, Mis 62 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GROSHOIf G, TUPMAIJ & CO. 9 NEXT DOOR TO MITCHELL & TYLER'S, F :§ T& C K. COATS! imii mm CJolh Dress Coats, Cloth J''n)ck Coats, Beaver Frocks, Colored Cloth Froeks, Pilot Hunting Coats, Fancy t'assimerie Frocks, T«'<-efi Business Frocks, Satinett Business Frocks. imii! mi Fine Satin Vests, Cheap Satin Vests, Black Fipnred Silk Vests, FaiK.ry Silk Vests, IMack Velvet Vests, F\'incy Cas&imere Vests, ^'^'''' ^'"1='^"«^ Exhibition, New York. Tl,e Il.frhest Medals at the Pairs oXMn'rvhind Institute ]S50, '51, '52, '58 and '54, and at the Fair of the Mechanic's Institute, Richmond for iS thlK ,•'■''",",""? ''l"'^ '"''■'■^' F"''" ^^ f"=>""P «»r^lffi. l-J- V. The lliirhest Award-A Sil'ver Medal at the^atIonal Fair of the Metropolitan Institute, Washington, D. C, 1853. on ver Medal, at 64 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Horace L. Kent, ■William 6. Paine, Robert A. Paine, "William A. Thomas. KENT, PAINE & CO. Sue cesser s to Ment, Paine &" Hent, OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE BANK, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN FOUEiaN & DOMESTIC The attention of Merchants from North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, is respectfully solicited to our very extensive Stock of j)^ mmv) Which is imported direct, and purchased for Cash under the most favorahle circumstances. We have also constantly on hand, and are receiving daily, a complete assortment of Ji 1 The whole comprising one of the largest Stocks, and as attrac- tive as any in the United States. We are also prepared with a large and splendid Stock of ilM-llil ^IL®f ISit Manufactured in Kichmond, and which will compare favorably in style and price with any Northern-Made Goods. We j)articularly solicit Merchants visiting this Market, to C9-11 and examine our Stock, pledging ourselves to sell our Goods as low as they can be bought in any Market in this country. JI@°'Orders respectfully solicited and promptly attended to. KENT, PAINE & CO. THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. Virginia, perhaps, in natural resources, as well as in geo- graphical position, one of the most important States of the Union, lies generally hetween the latitudes 36° 30' and 39° 43' north, and extends east and west hetween longitudes 75° 40' and 83° 33' west, and is hounded on the north hy Pennsylvania and Maryland, on the east hy the Atlantic Ocean and Chesa- peake Bay, on the south hy North Carolina and Tennessee, and on the west hy Kentucky and Ohio. With the exception of the long tongue of land hetween Pennsylvania and the Ohio Eiver, and the peninsular projection between the Chesapeake Bay and the ocean, the State has an average length of 355 miles, and a hreadth of 218 miles, and comprises an area computed at 61,352 square miles. Virginia is naturally divided into east and west hy the Blue Ridge, a division which obtains also in the distribution of the federal judiciary ; but according to the State constitution, it is divided into four districts or sections — the Tide Wafer, below the lower falls of the rivers ; the Piedmont, between those falls and the Blue Ridge ; the Vcdley, between the Blue Ridge and the Allegany; and the Trans -Allegany — the latter comprising all the country west of the mountain ranges. The first moun- tains are found in the Piedmont section, which is traversed by 9 "" Z2i 66 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GEO. NICOLSON JOHNSON. ANDREW JOHNSTON. OTTO^rai^i « \L[^ rLic::Jia:iM[OKr33, PRACTICE IN ALL THE mmi eF moii@mb, Aim m iMe?M ire mjel HENRY COULTER CABELL, TWO DOORS BELOW EXCHANGE BANK, FL I c:^ H ivE o isr 13, Practices in all the Courts of the city of Richmond and counties of Henrico, Charles City and New Kent. WILL PRACTICE IN THE COUNTIES OF KINGWILLIAM, HANOVER AND HENRICO, AND THE COURTS OF THE CJX'I?"^' oiF^ :E^zc:^KE3M[:ora"J3- Office— No. 65 Main Street, over Theodorick Robertson, GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 67 a low ridge, under the local names of White Oak, Southern, etc., and running nearly parallel with the Blue Eidge, at a distance of 25 or 30 miles. The Blue Kidge, although pierced by the Potomac, James, and Staunton rivers, constitutes a well- marked and continuous chain of more than 250 miles in lenfrth. In general, it forms rounded, swelling masses, but in several places, and especially the Peaks of Otter, shoot up'in projecting summits to the height of 4,260 feet. The Kittatiny, or Blue Mountain, enters the State farther west, under the name of Great North Mountain, and forming the centre of the great plateau or table-land of Virginia, is continued, under various local names, until it takes the name of Iron Mountain, and enters North Carolina. It is pierced by the Potomac and James rivers running eastwardly, and by the New Eiver run- ning westwardly. West of this great ridge lie several detached masses, bearing the local names of Sideling Hill, &c. Still iarther west is the great Allegany chain, which is broken through by New Eiver and other streams to the north. Powell's Mountain appears to be an out-lier of this chain, and reaches to the height of 4,500 feet. Westward of the Allegany there is a general slope toward the Ohio ; but several other consider- able chains traverse this section, the principal of which is Laurel Mountain, of which Greenbrier, Great Flat Top, and the Cumberland Mountains appear to form a part. With the exception of Pennsylvania, Virginia is the only other State of the Union that has territory on both sides of the Allegany Mountains. Virginia has noble rivers and streams, useful as channels of commerce or for industrial purposes. With few exceptions, the Ohio Eiver west, and Chesapeake Bay east of the mountains, are the recipients of the waters of the whole State : those of Eastern Virginia flow, with an almost uniform south-easterly course, into the bay, carrying with them also the waters of the great valley, excepting only those of New Eiver and the Holston, on the extreme southern part. The Potomac rises in the Great Back Bone, but a few miles from the Youghiogeny, and pursuing a devious course, forces its way through the several intermediate mountain chains to the Piedmont section, where it is broken by falls nine miles above Georgetown, at which place it meets the tide-water, and 68 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. m SUCCESSORS TO J. R. ANDERSON, fM AND MACHINERY GENERALLY, At short notice and on reasonable terms. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 69 about 100 miles below, after a course of 350 miles, it readies tlie Chesapeake. At Alexandria, 290 miles from the ocean, it is 1^ miles wide, and below tlie city gradually expands, till at its moiitli it forms a broad estuary, 10 miles in breadth. Ships of the line ascend to the navy yard at Washington ; above this it is obstructed by numerous falls and rapids. The principal tributaries of the Potomac are its South Branch, which rises near the head-streams of James River, the Great Cacapon, and the Shenandoah, the latter of which flows about 120 miles along the western base of the Blue Ridge, and joins the main river at Harper's Ferry. " The passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge," says Mr. Jefferson, "is perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes in nature." The BcqypaJiannock rises in the Blue Ridge, and receives the Rapid Ann from the same ridge, and falling over the primary ledge of Fredericksburg, 100 miles from its mouth, there reaches tide-water. Vessels of 140 tons ascend it to this point. York River, formed by the union of the Pamunky and Matta- pony, partakes rather of the character of a long narrow bay than of a river ; to the junction, 40 miles from the bay, it is from two to four miles wide, and large vessels pass to York- town — smaller ones ascend some distance above the bifurcation. James Blver, the principal river of Virginia, rises in the Allegany Mountains in several head-streams, of which Jack- son's River must be considered the main constituent ; after having received the Cow Pasture and the Calf Pasture rivers from the north, it forces its way through the Blue Ridge, and falling over numerous pitches, meets the tide 100 miles from its mouth at Richmond, which is accessible to vessels of 140 tons. The only considerable tributary of this river below the Blue Ridge is the Appomattox, which carries seven feet of water to Petersburg, 12 miles. The James River and Kanawha Canal, now complete to Balcony Falls, at the passage of the Blue Ridge, is constructed along the valley of the river, and is one of the most stupendous and important works in the United States. The Melierrhi and Nottoway are small rivers, which unite in North Carolina, and form the Chowan. The Roanoke is formed in Virginia by the junction of Dan River and Staunton River, two rapid mountain streams which rise, the former in the Blue 70 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. VIRGINIA AGBNCY FOR "S CELEBRATED PHI PL'BLISHEB, IMPORTER, PAPER DEALER M'D STATIOMR, No. 97 MAIN STREET, Has constantly on hand, wholesale and retail, at the lowest prices, a large and well selected assortment of Law, Medical, School, Theological and Miscellaneous BOOKS. Also, fine editions of Bibles and Prayer Books, in every variety of binding and size. RECENTLY PUBLISHED, Cto ^ A as w M » .' C^T) Of which upwards of Seven thousand Copies have heen called for within six months after puhlication. Agent for HARPER'S, GODEY'S & GRAHAM'S MAGAZINES, And of the Foreign Eeviews and Medical Journals. Books re- ceived on consignment from all the leading Publishing Houses in the United States. A. MORRIS is likewise Sole Agent for the CO I fk (\T PRINCE'S CELEBRATED MELODEONS, ALSO FOR WORCESTER'S UNRIVALED PIANO FORTES, The hest in the World, to which attention is requested. Book Binding in all its branches, executed in the best manner. Blank Books Made to any Pattern at the Shortest Notice. Foreign and American Papers and other Stationery. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 71 Ridge, and the latter in the North Mountain. The larger part of the Roanoke is through North Carolina, which State it enters about 40 miles below the union of its constituent rivers. The great rivers of Western Virginia, flowing to the Ohio River, are — the Monongahela, one of the constituents of that river ; the Kanawha ; the Guyandotte ; the Big Sandy, &c. The Monongahela is formed in Virginia by the junction of the West Branch and Tygart's Valley River, and beyond the Penn- sylvania line it receives Cheat River, which descends from Greenbrier Mountain, and which is navigable for boats for a considerable distance. Little Kanawha River rises in the same district with the west branch of Monongahela River, and enters the Ohio at Parkersburg. The Kanawha, the principal river of Western Virginia, rises in the Blue Ridge, in North Carolina, and bears the name of New River until it unites with Gauley River, a small affluent from Greenbrier Mountain. The Green- brier, above the latter, and the Elk and Coal rivers below it, are its principal tributaries. It is navigated by steamboats to Field's Creek, *75 miles from its mouth. The Covington and Ohio Railroad, and the James River and Kanawha Canal traverse the valley of this river. The Guyandotte and Big Sandy enter the Ohio below the Kanawha — the latter forming part of the boundary between Kentucky and Virginia. The Holston and Clinch, which drain the south-western section of the Great Valley of Virginia, pass into Tennessee, and, uniting at King- ston in that State, form the Tennessee River. Virginia is an almost boundless field of mineral wealth, and within its limits, not only the useful, but also the precious metals are found in one part or the other. Gold, coj^per, lead, iron, coal, salt, lime, marls, gypsum, magnesian and alum earths, marbles, granites, soap-stones, and sand-stones are among the treasures, as yet for the most part lying unheeded in the bowels of the earth. Mining industry, however, has been commenced, and within the past few years has been won- derfully developed. The first coal-field is found at the junction of the Tide-Water and Piedmont sections ; and this extends from the Pamunky by Richmond to the Appomattox, a distance of about thirty-five miles, with a breadth of from one or two to eight miles. The coal is bituminous, in seams of enormous thickness, being 30, 72 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. mmm i®®! if®! AND PIANO FORTE WAREROOMS JAMES WOODHOUSE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN MUSIC AND FANCY ARTICLES. ALL THE SCHOOL BOOKS IN USE. LAW. MEDICAL, IDEOLOGICAL, AND MISCELLANEOUS Blank Books of every description, Letter and writing Papers, the best Ink of all kinds, in use, Globes, New Music, Drawing Materials, and Books on Drawing and Painting, Copying Presses, Mathematical Instruments, Gold and Silver Pencil Cases, Violins, Guitars, Flutes, Accordeons, and other Musical Instruments, Violin Strings, Pen and Pocket Knives, Diamond-Pointed Gold Pens, Surveyor's Compasses and Chains, Choice Books, and Fancy Articles— for Presents. - His supply of Piano Fortes is from the established and well known manufactories of .4. Slodart «§r Co., J. B. Durham, and Jonas Cliickering, whose instruments can be relied upon for beauty of tone, great durability and elegance of finish. The subscriber has participated in the sale of upwards of one thousand of these Piano Fortes, to some of the most respectable and well known families in Virginia and North Carolina. — They are warranted superior in all respects, and are offered at the Manufacturers' lowest Prices. Books bound, and Blank Books of all kinds manufactured to order. |r3= Orders by letter faithfully and promptly attended to. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 73 40, and even GO feet thick, and of excellent quality. Coal has also been found on both sides of the Upper Appomattox. The coal of the Richmond basin is now extensively mined, and a railway to the principal mines has been built to facilitate its transport- ation to tide-water. Anthracite of great purity is found in the valley from the Potomac to the James River, soutli of which it contains a considerable portion of bitumen. Beyond the Alleganies there are some of the most extensive and valuable deposits of bituminous coal in the United KStates, which derive additional value from their being associated witli not less im- portant beds of iron and salt. At Wheeling, on the Ohio, and for fourteen miles down the river, the bank presents an unin- terrupted bed of highly bituminous coal, upward of 16 feet thick. The Wheeling basin, indeed, extends for 30 miles up and down the river in Ohio and Virginia. Another vast field stretches above Clarksburg, on the Monongahala to Pittsburg, and far beyond to the north-east in Pennsylvania. There is also a valuable coal-field on the head-waters of the north branch of the Potomac. Thus we have five tiers of coal seams, with an average thickness of from 30 to 35 feet. There are also coal seams associated with salt springs on the Little Kanawha, and springs of petroleum, or rock oil, occur in the same tract. On the Grreat Kanawha is also a very rich and extensive coal- field : and on Coal, Grauley, and other rivers in this portion of Western Virginia, the beds of this mineral are frequently brought to view, and in fact no better general description can be presented of its extent than that it is almost continuous with the vast beds of sandstone which spread in nearly horizontal planes over nearly the whole of this broad region. The salines of Virginia are almost wholly in the west. Salt- springs occur on the Holston, on the New River, and on the Greenbrier ; but the most important works are on the Great and Little Kanawha rivers. The brine is raised hy steam- power, and evaporated in large cast-iron pans over furnaces. The brine of the Kanawha wells contains very little gypsum or sulphuret of lime, and the process of crystallization is there- fore attended with fewer difficulties than usual. The averaire yield of salt is about one bushel from every 65 or 70 gallons of brine. The mineral springs of Virginia have long been noted for 10 74 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CORNER MAIN and 19tli STREETS, MANUFACTURER OF V With and witliout Separators and Cleaners ; Horse Powers, Portable and Stationary; Horse Eakes; Gleaners; Wheat Fans; Straw Cutters; Corn Shellers for hand, and for hand and horse- power; Hay Presses; Seed Drills; Land Rollers; Clod Crushers; Plarrows ; and the Michigan Double Plow. Is Agent for Hussey and McCormick's Reapers and Mowers, and Pitt's Threshing Machines, and keeps at his Agricultural Warehouse a general assortment of Agricultural Machinery, Tools, &c. &c. H. M. S. pays particular attention to repairing Threshers, Reapers and other Machines. Orders by letter will be prompt- ly atended to. MANUFACTURER OP AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, AND DEALER IN SEEDS, 332. a c^ oa: 5E2£t c2> s:3' iMi A HOME INSTITUTION. FlUE, LIFE & MARINE INSURANCE CO. THE RICHMOND FIEE ASSOCIATION Are now prepared to issue policies of Insurance on the above descriptions of risks on as rtasonat)le terms as any sim- ilar company, and respectfully asli a sliareof the patronage of the public. Ap- plications will be received at the Office, JVo. 3^3, corner Main and 9lh Streets, where tlie officers will cheerfully furnish all information that may be required. All losses promptly and liberally ad- justed. JAMES C. CRANE, Prcs't. P J. H. BOSHKR, Sec'ry. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 75 tlieii" efficiency in numerous clironic complaints, and as tlie resort of the fashionable world in the summer season. The State abounds with these, but the best known are the AVhite and Blue Sulphur Springs of Greenbrier county, the Salt and Red Sulphur and the Sweet, in Monroe county. Hot and Warm in Bath, Berkley in Morgan, Fauquier White Sulphur in Fau- quier, Shannondale in Frederick, Alum in Rockbridge, Jor- dan's White Sulphur in Frederick, Red in Allegany, Grayson in Carroll, Botetourt in Roanoke, Holston in Scott, Augusta S23rings and Daggus Springs in Botetourt. Of the metallic products of Virginia, gold is at present per- haps the most important. It is found on both the North and Rapid Ann rivers, of the Nortli and South Anna near their sources, of the Rivanna, in the lower part of its course, and of James River, above and below the mouth of the Rivanna. With- in the past few years, several rich mines have been opened and worked successfully in these and other sections of the State. We believe that Commodore Stockton was one of the first who in- troduced into Virginia effective machinery for reducing, on a large scale, the quartz rock, and demonstrating that a profit- able business could be done in this branch of mining. The Stockton mines are located in Fluvanna county. Among other at present productive mines are those of William M. Mosely & Co., and of the Garnett Mining Company, in Buckingham county. There are also mines more or less productive in Spott- sylvania, in Stafford, in Fauquier, in Culpepper, in Orange, in Louisa, and in Goochland counties. " It is a matter of not less mortification," says a Report of the Manufacturers' Convention, 1851, "than astonishment that Virginia, with an area of coal measures covering not less than 21,000 square miles, very much of which lies on or near navi- gable waters, and capable of yielding all the varieties of British coal, and of equal quality, should be reduced to the actual pro- duction of less than 200,000 tons of tlie value of $650,000, while Great Britain, with little more than half the extent of coal measures, produces annual!}', 37,000,000 tons, of about the value of $37,000,000 at the mines, and §180,000,000 at the market of sale. And in regard to the iron-trade, while Vir- ginia has an unlimited supply of the finest ores, easily accessi- ble for use and transportation, with the greatest abundance of 76 RICHMOND BUSINKSS DIRECTORY. RICHMOND COACH REPOSITORY. HOOKER, OSBORN & CO. Coach 3Iaiiufiit1ui'crs & Dealers, No. 213 Main st. Keep constantly on hand a splen- did stock of Carriages, Buggies and Harness of every description, suitable for coun- try use, wliich will be sold on favorable terms and warranted for twelve months. We also manufacture to order, at short notice. Repairing done with neatness and dispatch. IN , ^HOEB, &c. 151 MAIN STHEET, ^S.A.GrJLa^i S Q XT -A. H. E: , Traveling Trunks, Valises, coarse Boots, Brogans and every thing pertaining to the Shoe business. IE;^ Call and see his large and beautiful stock. VIReiNIA GUN AND PISTOL EMPORIUM. SxiMUEL SUTHERLAND, No. 132 MAIN STKEET, P- II O U M O INI B , Manufacturer, Importer and Dealer in every description of Sporting apparatus and fine Cutlery. Gun Smiths and persons from the Country are requet^ted to call and examine the most extensive stock in the State, of Guns, Pistols, Rifles, and every variety, quality and size. Prices to suit all customers. Call at 132 Main street. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 77 coal, Avood, and limestone for tlieir manufacture, yet under the operation of the present revenue laws of the country, her pro- duction, in spite of all the efforts of the State to encourage it, has shrunk to an almost inconsiderable amount, and is in dan- ger of utter ruin." The soils of Virginia are naturally of a most fertile nature, but in the old settlements they have been exhausted by a vicious system of tillage. In many parts, however, a renovation has been effected by the application of proper fertilizers, and the adoption of a more scientific mode of culture. The Eastern and Piedmont sections are chiefly engaged in the production of In- dian Corn and Tobacco, the latter of which is one of the great staples of the State. Cotton is also produced in these sections^ In the valley the crops are much the same, excepting that wheat takes the place of cotton, and the system of agriculture is superior to that followed in the lower country. Beyond the mountains, and westward to the Ohio river, is a fine country, adapted in soil and climate to the successful culture of all the grains, roots, and products of the Middle States, and equally propitious to the breeding and rearing of cattle and other do- mestic animals. It is not only a great agricultural district, but it is alike rich in minerals and metals of the greatest importance and value, and will eventually become the workshop of the State, as it is now the granary. Bold scenery is one of the distinguishing features of Vir- ginia; and no other State presents so many or so magnificent results of Nature convulsed. At Harper's Ferry, where the Po- tomac breaks through the Blue Kidge, the disruption has left behind it indelible marks .of its force. The " Natural Bridge " below Lexington, according to Jefferson, is the most sublime of Nature's works. It is an arch reaching across a narrow ravine, which extends for some distance above and below, at the height of 215 feet above the stream which flows under it, 80 feet wide and 93 feet long ;" and again he says, " so beautiful an arch, so elevated, so light, and springing as it were wp to heaven, the rapture of the spectator is really indescribable." These are but a moiety of the magnificent scenes of the country ; every where in the Great Valley, and among its mountain bor- ders^ are found spectacles of grandeur and sublimit3^ Virginia has also numerous caves and caverns, of which Madison's cave 78 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. .SircCESSOIl OF JAMES BOi«HER. COACHES, CARRIAGES, Light Wagons, Uaruess, &c. ]Vo. ^23, Coiner niain &0tli sts. Repairs of all kinds executed with dispatch and on moderate terms. BULKLEY & CO. IMrORTERS AND DEALERS IN CASTORS, LAMPS, TEA TRAYS, FINE IVORY CUTLERY, PLATED WARE, &c. TOGETHER WITH A GREAT VARIETY OF 137 Main Street, Eagle Square, SORGICAL AND DENIAL iSTROlENTS ROBERT M'NAMEE WOULD RESPECTFULLY CALL THE ATTENTION OP PHYSICIANS AND STUDENTS TO HIS STOCK OF Which he will guarantee to sell as low as the same can be purchased in any North- ern City. Please call and examine. 164 Jflain 8trc€t, opposite •Umerican Hotels OESE. 3a: oc: SE^Bi; ::vib: cx::b r^ :xi:iD • GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 79 and Weir's Cave, Loth in tlie vicinity of Staunton, are tliose best known. Madison's Cave extends about 300 feet into the earth, branching into subordinate caverns and terminating in two basins of water, of about 30 or 40 feet in depth. Weir's Cave is much more extensive, and its numerous halls and cham- bers are pillared with an astonishing profusion of stalactites, which in some places resemble stiffened water-falls, in others hanging in rich festoons and folds like tapestry, or seem to rise from the floor like columns, thrones, towers or statues ; it ex- tends 1,260 feet into the ground, and contains upwards of 20 large rooms, besides numerous passages and galleries. One of these halls is 260 feet in length, 33 feet high and from 10 to 20 feet wide; and another is 153 by 15 feet, with a height of 60 feet. Counties. — Virginia is divided into 140 counties, viz: Acco- mac, Alexandria, Albemarle, Allegany, Amherst, Amelia, Appomattox, Augusta, Barbour, Bath, Bedford, Berkeley, Boone, Botetourt, Braxton, Brook, Brunswick, Buckingham, Cabell, Carroll, Campbell, Caroline, Charlotte, Charles City, Chesterfield, Clarke, Craig, Culpepper, Cumberland, Dinwiddle, Doddridge, Elizabeth City, Essex, Fauquier, Fairfax, Fayette, Fluvanna, Floyd, Franklin, Frederick, Giles, Gilmer, Glouces- ter, Goochland, Grayson, Greenbrier, Greene, Greensville, Hali- fax, Hampshire, Hancock, Hanover, Hardy_, Harrison, Henry, Henrico, Highland, Isle of Wight, Jackson, James City, Jeffer- son, Kanawha, King George, King William, King and Queen, Lancaster, Lee, Lewis, Logan, Loudoun, Louisa, Lunenburg, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Mason, Matthews, Mecklenburg, Mercer, Middlesex, Monongalia, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Nansemond, Nelson, New Kent, Nicholas, Northumberland, Northampton, Norfolk, Nottaway, Ohio^ Orange, Page, Patrick Pendleton, Pittsylvania, Pleasants, Pocahontas, Powhatan Preston, Prince Edward, Princess Anne, Prince George, Prince William, Pulaski, Putnam, Ealeigh, Kandolph, Eappahannock, Eichmond, Eitchie, Eoanoke, Eockbridge, Eockingham, Eus- sell^ Scott, Shanandoah, Smythe, Southampton, Spottsylvania, Stafford, Surry, Sussex, Taylor, Tazewell, Tyler, Upshur, War- ren, Warwick, Washington, Wayne, Westmoreland, Wetzel, Wirt, Wood, Wyoming, Wythe, York. Ccqjifal, Eichmond. The whole number of dwellings in the State in 1850 was 165,815; of families, 167,530; and of inhabitants, 1,421,661; 80 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 'M MANUrACTUKEU OF ?i«/ BJ«J f^ Jj J. IRON RAILING, DOORS, GRATING, S KTIKTTH S "37 El DES E3 "37 , J^@" Orders from the Country solicited, JOSEPH A. FOSTER, Corner of Seventh and Gary Streets, m n © HI ^ © s!r ID) In addition to the Manufacture of Fdrniture and Patterns, he gives his particular attention to the manufacture of (m ^Nv>^ MANUFACTORY, Circttlar ^nbs, ALL SIZES, From 4 to 72 Inches; ALSO, -CUT, HAND, PAIL AKD RIPPiG SAWS, &c. &e. Embracing all the difFerent styles in use, Manufactured from the best quality of extra Cast Steel, and fully warranted. Orders from Merchants and dealers in Hardware, respectfully solicited and promjDtly executed. For particulars, address TOLAND & BURGEE, Richmond, Va. BURR & ETTENGER, Gary Street, betw^een 15th and 17th sts. U2.li c^ Li:£ s^:i cEi s^r i^ o LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE AND RAIL ROAD CAR MANUFACTORY. Wheels, Axles, Boxes and Springs, Frog, Switch, and Bridge Castings, Bolts, and all kinds of Iron work, for Rail Roads, Sta- tionary Engines and Boilers for saw and Grist Mills, Mines, &c. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 89 Specifications. Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wrought Iron. Total. Capital invested dollars 513, 800 471, 160 TOl, 211 1, 7Y6, ITl Oreused tons... G7,319.... — .... — 6'7,319 Pig Iron used "... — tjlU 17,296 24,410 Blooms used "... — — .... 2,500 2,500 Oldmetalnsed " ... — 205.... — 205 Mineral Coal consumed "... 39,982 '7,8'78 66,515 114,375 Colve & Charcoal consumed. iiwA. 1,311,000.... 71,600 103,000. .. .1,485,600 Value of all raw material, etc. doll. 158,307 297,014 591,448.. . .1,046,769 Hands employed— male nuvihcr 1,115.... 810 1,295.... 3,220 " " female.. " 14 9 — .... 23 Monthl}^ cost of labor .... f/o^Zflrs 14,328 16,312 30,409 61,109 Iron produced tons... 22,163.... 5,5i77 15,328 43,068 Value of year's products... dollars 521,924 674,416 1,254,995 2,451,335 In 1840, Virginia had in operation 42 furnaces, that in the preceding year had produced 18,810^ tons of cast iron, and 52 bloomeries, forges, and rolling-mills, which had produced 5,886 tons of bar iron. The tanneries employ a capital of $676,983 ; hands employed 906— males 900, and females 6 ; monthly cost of Labor $13,705 — male $13,643, and female $62 ; sides of leather tanned 378,- 400, and skins tanned 74,573, togetlier valued at $894,876. In 1840 there were in the State 660 tanneries, employing 1,422 hands^ and a capital amounting to $838,141 ; and which had produced during the preceding year, 135,782 sides of sole lea- ther, and 206,216 sides of upper leather. The capital invested in the manufacture of malt and spiritu- ous liquors amounts to $100,915. Quantities and kinds of grain, etc., consumed — barley 20,000 bushels, corn 250,700 bushels, rye 62,680 bushels, oats 450 bushels, and hops 14 tons ; hands employed 123 ; qualities of liquor produced — ale, etc., 5,500 bar- rels, and whiskey, etc., 879,440 gallons. In the census year 1840, Virginia had 1,454 distilleries, producing in the year 865,725 gallons; and 5 breweries, producing 32,960 gallons ; hands employed 1,631, and capital invested $187,212. The manufactures, others than the above specified, consist of a great variety of important productions, as machinery of all kinds, carriages, harness, etc.; and Virginia has also a large number of merchant and other mills. As a flour-producing State, it stands first in its brands, and is only behind one or two other States in the extent of production. It has also large and valuable tobacco manufactories. Foreign Commerce. — Virginia, in respect of foreign commerce, 12 90 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. a; ^°1 luy o aa 1 « o 6h W • »-» o S3 . <^ H Eh O* « ^ Id eg '5 S Eh o g ■< L' Fh 1^ ■a* Q P-( o PQ H n 5 H Eh ^ GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 91 holds a seventh or eighth rank among the States of the Union. According to the official returns for the year ending 30th June, 1850, the value of its exports to foreign countries amounted to $3,415,646, and of its imports to $426,599. This would indicate that the great bulk of its commercial material is carried to the ports of other States for exportation, and the foreign merchan- dise consumed within the State is brou2;ht tlirouo;h tlie same channels. That such is the case is well known, and hence we find that the coasting trade is unusually extensive, chiefly car- ried on by the shipping of northern ports. This was not always so, for at one time Virginia stood at the head of the commercial States, and its shipping held the same rank in foreign ports as that now occupied by tlie mercantile marine of New York. Of the total exports in 1850, $3,413,158 was the value of domestic products, and of these to the value of $2,365,241 was shipped in American and $1,047,917 in foreign vessels — the remainder of the aggregate value ($2,488) was foreign produce re-shipped in American vessels. Of the imports $172,878 was the value of merchandise landed from American and $253,721 from forei^-n vessels. The shipping employed in the carrying trade consisted as follows : Entered. Cleared. Total. shipping Vessels Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. American 69. .12,190.. 564. .18T. .42,091. .1,^0. .256. .54,281. .2,274 Foreign 88..18,T75.. 828.. 98.. 23,367.. 956. .186. .42,142. .1,784 Total 157. .30,9(35. .1,392. .285. .65,458. .2,664. .442. .96,423. .4,058 Alexandria 59. .10,633.. 442.. 64. .11,534.. 474. .123. .22,172. . 916 Norfolk 74.. 14,281.. 684. . 140. .26,765. .1,163. .214. .41,046. .1,847 Petersburg 9.. 3,517.. 131.. 5.. 1,946.. 63.. 14.. 5,463.. 194 Richmond 8.. 1,811.. 76.. 69. .24,321.. 908.. 77. .26,132.. 984 Tappahaunock 7.. 718.. 42.. 7.. 892.. 44.. 14,. 1,610.. 86 The shipping owned in the several districts of the State in 1850, amounted to 74,071 tons ; of this 18,043 tons was " regis- tered'' shipping — 7,092 permanent, and 10,591 temporary: 52,535 tons was "enrolled and licensed" — 51,514 tons perma- nent, and 1,021 temporary ; and 3,493 tons was " licensed under 20 tons." The tonnage of the districts was as follows — Alex- andria, 8,738 tons ; Norfolk, 24,135 tons ; Petersburg, 2,708 tons ; Richmond, 8,458 tons ; Yorktown, 4,807 tons ; Tappa- hannock, 5,824 tons; Accomac, 4,083 tons; East River, 4,809 tons; Yeocomico, 3,284 tons; Cherrystone, 1,232 tons, and 92 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. P. T. MOORE & CO. IMPOETEES AND DEALEES IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC HARDWARE, No. 24 Pearl or 14th Street, JOHN S. VAN-LEW. THOMAS TAYLOR, Jr. VAN-LEW & TAYLOR, IMPOETEES ANB DEALEES IN FORIGN km MISTIC HARDWARE, FARMiG UTEi\'SILS Ai\'D HOUSEKEEPING ARTICLES, 3>a'o. xo ^^.A.x.iaa' s ■xr xi. x: :e: or , S as El El© 53®. JOSEPH P. JONES, JOHN F. C. POTTS. JONES & POTTS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL UHNITURE DEALERS, No. 169 fflain Street, opposite Exchange Bank, I O H Ikd O 3Nr u . JOHN THOMPSON, ©S/^lLtsS Q5J1 ffli\irSp (§aP8„ IFIIES, lOOTS, SHOES, TRUNKS, CARPET BAGS, UMBRELLAS, &c. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 93 Wheeling, 5,934 tons. Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, all of which is employed in the coasting and river trade, 8,726 tons are navigated by steam power — in the Atlantic districts, 2,792 tons, and in Wheeling district, on Ohio Kiver, 5,934 tons. Within the year specified there were built in the State — 1 ship, 1 brig, 2T schooners, and 5 steamers — total, 34 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 3,584 tons. The serial statistics of the for- eign commerce from 1791 to 1850, are comprised in the follow- ing table : Year. 1791..^ 1T92.. 1Y93.. 1794.. 1Y95.. 1796.. lldl.. 1798.. 1799.. 1800.. 1801.. 1802 1803.. 1804.. 1805.. 1806.. 1807.. 1808.. 1809.. 1810.. Exports. 13,130,865. 3,552,825. 2,987,098. 3,321,636. 3,490,041. 5,268,655. 4,908,713. 6,113,451. 6,292,986. 4,430,689. 5,655,574. 3,978,363. 6,100,708. 5,790,001. 5,606,620. 5,055,396. 4,761,234. 526,473. 2,894,125. 4,822,611. Imports.; Year. .$ 11811 . 1812 . 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 ;1830 Exports. $4,822,307 3,091,112 1,819,722 17,581 6,676,976 8,212,860 5,628,442 7,016,246 4,392,321 4,557,957 3,079,209 3,217,389 4,006,788 3,277,564 4,129,520 4,596,732 4,657,938 3,340,185 3,787,431 4,791,644 Imports. Year. 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1,078,490 1841 864,162 1842 681,810 1843 639,7871844 553,5621845 635,438}l846 431,765,1847 375,23811848 395,352|1849 405;739ll850 Exports. H,151,475 4,510,650 4,467,587 5,469,240 6,064,063 6,192,040 3,702,714 3,986,228 4,778,220 5,630,286 3,750,386 1,957,165 2,942,279 2,104,581 3,529,299 5,658,374 3,681,412 3,373,738 3,415,646 Imports. $488,522 553,639 690,391 837,325 691,255 1,106,814 813,862 577,142 545,685 377,237 316,705 187,062 267,654 267,658 209,004 386,127 215,081 241,935 426,599 Internal Communication, etc. — The railroads and canals of Virginia, which are among the most magnificent works of the kind in the Union, extend generally from the Atlantic ports to the West, and are continued through Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, to all the chief places in the north-west, west and south-west. Alexandria, Eichmond, and Norfolk, are the ini- tial points on the Atlantic ; from Alexandria diverge the Or- ange and Alexandria Railroad and the Manassas Gap R. R. — the one directed toward Gordonsville, where it joins the Central road, and the other crossing the first mountains, and passing down the valley to Harrisburg and Staunton, there unites with the same line ; the Central Railroad, starting at Richmond, 94 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. MILLER & VINCENT, Main st. , nearly opposite 2d Baptist Church. Monuments, Tombs, Fonts, &c., executed in a manner not to be surpassed here or elsewhere. Tlie public are respectfully invited to call and examine specimens of work executed by them as the best test of their merit. WILSON WILLIAMS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, CORNER MAIN and 18th STREETS, GREAT I1EDLCT10.\ M THE PRICE OF HATS AND BOOTS. From Fifteen to Twenty per cent, saved by buying from DFX. X O ZX 3VC O IKTSD . Moleskin Hats, of best quality, $3 50; second best quality, $3 00; Fashionable SILK HATS, $2 50; Fine Calfskin Sewed BOOTS, $3 50; Fine Calfskin Sewed HOES, $2 25. .1. H. ANTHONY has made arrangements with one of the best makers in the city of Philadelphia to supply him with a handsome and substantial calfskin sewed BOOT, which he will sell at the unprecedented low price of §3 50. HENRY BULL 8c Manufacturers of every description and style of MmimmU, Tombs, &c. &c. All work done at this establishment warranted to give satisfaction. Orders from the country solicited. Work can be forwarded to all parts of the State without delay. East corner of 8th and Main Streets, 5:^2. □: c^ oa sia cs) skst ssi «. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 95 passes through Gordonsville, Staunton, etc., to Covington, and there unites with the Covington and Ohio railroad, extending westward to Point Pleasant, on the Ohio, there uniting with the Ohio system, and to the mouth of Big Sandy Kiver, where it joins the Kentucky lines to Maysville, Lexington and Louis- ville, and through them connects with the lines stretching to the north and toward Nashville and New Orleans, and from Norfolk and Petersburg a line extends through the southern counties to the Tennessee line, whence it is continued to Knox- ville, connecting at that point with numerous lines directed to every important central station in the south-west, etc. These railroads furnish to the State ample means of transportation, and will carry to and from the seaboard an immense commer- cial material. They will also be the means of reviving the general commerce of the State, and of furnishing an outlet at Virginian ports for much of the produce of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, which now finds its way to more northern mar- kets. In the north-west several lines are being built to connect the systems of Pennsylvania and Maryland with those of Ohio and the West, and of these the North-western railroad is per- haps the most important, as it will furnish the shortest route from Cincinnati to Baltimore. In the south-east the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad furnishes an important route from the seaboard into North Carolina. The great southern line of rail- roads also passes through Virginia, having Fredericksburg, Richmond and Petersburg in its route, and being continued south and south-west to Wilmington, Columbia, etc. This is the route of the great southern mail. There are, besides these numerous short lines, branches, etc., diverging from the main lines to several important points. The whole extent of com- pleted railroad in the State on the 1st January, 1853, was 624 miles, and about 800 miles more were in course of construction. The canals of Virginia are — the James river and Kanawha Canal, the Dismal Swamp Canal, and the Alexandria Canal. The Baltimore and Ohio Canal, though in Maryland, is to all intents and purposes, as much a canal of Virginia as of that State, being only separated from it by the channel of the Poto- mac river. The Alexandria Canal, which is a continuation of the Baltimore and Ohio Canal, from Georgetown to Alexan- dria, is seven and a half miles long, and is carried over the Po- 96 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. EXvHANuE nioiiavcoixriD. JOHM P. BALLARD, Proprietor, Located in the centre of the Business portion of the City and within a few minutes' walk of the State House^ Gov- ernor's Mansion, Public Buildings, Capital Square, &c. Omnibuses will be in waiting at the Cars and Steam- ers, to convey passengers to this Hotel. > < *i» I The above is one of the largest and most elegantly fur- nished Establishments in the United States, and kept in a superior manner, by a Gentleman of known reputation and popularity. — Editor. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 97 tomac on a splendid aqueduct. The James River and Kanawha Canal, second only in extent and importance to the Erie Canal of New York, is carried through the valley of James Eiver, and is now complete to Balcony Falls, from which point it will he continued along the valley of the Kanawha River to the Ohio. This great work has heen of vast advantage to the in- terior of Virginia, and on an average transports about $12,000,000 valuation of merchandise. " Without the Erie Canal," says Governor Floyd, "the city of New York would have been sec- ond still to Philadelphia." Great as the advantages of this work unquestionably are, those of the James River and Kana- wha Canal are undoubtedly superior. It possesses the striking advantage of lying five degrees south of the great northern work, and is therefore free from the ice which obstructs the navigation there for so large a portion of the year. It touches the Ohio River far south of any water communication from the Atlantic wliatever, and at a point south of which there can be across the country no other water connection. It will command all the trade of a great part of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, and most probably those re- gions lying still higher up toward the sources of the Missouri after that period it is unsafe to send produce north. " We will see," says the Governor, " canal boats laden at the falls of St. Anthony or Council Bluff discharging their cargoes at Lynch- burg, Richmond and Norfolk," etc. This work is now rapidly progressing to completion. The Dismal Swamp Canal connects Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle Sound, extending from Deep Creek to Joyce's Creek, 23 miles. At present it is chiefly val- uable as an avenue for tlie transportation of the lumber, naval, stores, etc., of tlie region through which it passes. With such works as the above, who cannot but foresee that Virginia will, at no distant day, be one of the most successful commercial States of the Union, and its ports, so long forsaken, the marts of a trade not surpassed by that of the present great emporia of the country. Banks. — In October, 1850, Virginia had 6 Banks and 31 branch banks. The condition of these establishments at that date was as follows : llabiUtles — capital $9,814,545 ; circulation $10,256,967; deposits $4,717,732; due other banks $338,841; and «ssefe— loans and discounts $19,646,777 ; stocks $269,914 ; 13 ■' 98 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. HUGH "W". FRY & SONl WHOLESALE f AND AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF PERUVIAN AND MEXICAN GUANO, Corner of Pearl and Gary streets, IB n © s sa ® ST E) torn" m)i €mmmm Slcrcljant WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN ALE, CIDEK, FISH, &». km prnvmom w eveky ^ine, Seventeenth Street, corner of Main st. I I I AND GENEKAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN CORNER 14TH (OR PEARL) AND CARY STREETS, [E[liffl!iIl®El®, GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 99 real estate $764,282 ; other investments $210,498 ; due by other banks, $1,925,652 ; notes of other banks, $552,153 ; andsjiecie, $2,928,174. Since the date of these returns several banks have been established in accordance with the new banking law, de- positing security for the redemption of their notes. The returns above given are those of the old chartered banks, which enjoy a high credit at home and abroad. These are — The Bank of the Valley, at Winchester, with branches at Charlestown, Lees- burg, Romney, Staunton, and Christianburg ; the Bank of the Virginia at Richmond, with branches at Buchanan, Charles- town^ Danville, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg^ Norfolk, Peters- burg and Portsmouth ; the Exchange Bank of Virginia, at Norfolk, with branches at Abington, Alexandria, Clarkesville, Petersburg, Richmond, Salem and Weston ; the Farmers' Bank of Virginia, at Richmond, with branches at Alexandria, Charlottesville, Danville, Farmville, Fredericksburg, Lynch- burg, Norfolk, Petersburg, Winchester, and Wythesville ; the Merchants' and Mechanics' Bank, at Wheeling, with branch at Morgantown ; and the North-western bank of Virginia, at Wheeling, with branches at Jeffersonville, Parkersburg, and Wellsburg. Government, etc. — The present constitution of Virginia was adopted in convention on the 1st of August, and ratified by the people on the 25th of October, 1851. It superseded the constitution of 1776 and the amendments of 1831. The rigid to vote is given to every white male citizen 21 years old, resident of the State two years, and of the county, city, or town one year next preceding an election. The exceptions are those common to other States. Votes are given viva voce, and not hj ballot ; but dumb persons may so vote. The general election is held on the fourth Thursday of October bienially. The Lerjislaturc is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a House of Delegates and a Senate. The house consists of 152 members, chosen biennially, apportioned on the basis of the white population. The Senate is based on i^opulation and taxation combined, and consists of 50 members, elected in districts by the voters therein for the term of four years, one- half of the number being chosen biennially. Delegates must have attained the age of 21, and senators that of 25 years, and none but qualified voters are eligible for election. Persons 100 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. S. McG-RUDER'S SONS, 111111 iilili AND DEALERS IN Guano, Super Phosphate of Lime, &c. 15th bet"ween Main and Gary streets, [R © [Ml IMl @ IN] [5) . '9 No. 100 Main Street, 3F1. X c; R. C. FLANNAGAN, A. STOKES, D. J. HARTNON, GEO. REVE3. R E B T 9 u BANNER FACTORY, Q3. d (^ IKE s^a c^ s;2r £s> o GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 101 holding lucrative offices, ministers of the Gospel, salaried offi- cers of hanks, and attorneys of the Commonwealth are ineligi- ble. Any elective officer removing from his district vacates his office. In 1865, and decennially thereafter, there shall he a re-apportionment. The sessions of the Legislature commence on the second Monday of January biennially, and continue not more than 90 days, unless a prolongation be concurred in by three-fifths of all the members, nor in any case shall a session be extended beyond the ordinary term for more than 30 days. Bills may originate or be amended in either house. The executive power is vested in a Governor, elected by the people for four years, commencing from the 1st January suc- ceeding election. The governor is ineligible for any other of- fice during his term, and can be elected for two successive terms. He must be 30 years of age, a native citizen of the United States, and for 5 years a citizen of the State. He must reside at the seat of Government. A Lieutenant-governor, with like qualifications, etc., is elected for a like term, and is the constitutional successor of the governor in case of death or disability ; he is also ex-qfficio president of the Senate. The principal administrative officers are — a Secretary of the Commonwealth, a Treasurer, and an Auditor of Public Ac- counts. These are elected by joint vote of the General As- sembly for two years. For the jmrpose of electing the Board of Public Works, the State is divided into three districts, each of which shall elect one commissioner. Their term is six years, and they are so classified that one of their number shall retire every two years. The General Assembly, by a three-fifths vote, may abolish the board. The judiciary is vested in a Supreme Court of Appeals, Dis- trict Courts, and Circuit Courts. In each circuit, (21 in num- ber,) a judge is elected by the voters for the term of eight years, and who holds two circuit courts in the counties of his circuit annually. In each district, (10 in number,) a district court is held by the judges of the circuits constituting the District, and the Judge of the Supreme Court for the Section, any three of whom may hold a court. Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals are also elected by the voters for 12 years, each section (5 in number) electing 1 Judge. The 5 judges so elected constitute the Supreme Court, any three of whom 102 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JAMES T. BUTLER. JOHN T. BUTLER. JAMES T. BUTLER & CO. AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, GARY STREET, T. DUDLEY. JOSEPH BAXTER. T. P. BAXTER. IMPOKTEPwS AND DEALEKS IN WINES, BRANDIES AND SEGARS, 1L(D)MI0)(0)M & FMHIL^IDEILFeil A F(D)II^ WIS^ Scotch and PhiladelpMa Ale, DISTILLEES AND EECTIFIEKS OF OF SUPERIOR QUAtilTY AND FI.AVOR, 0©[ 1^ 1 # m a S- H. JETER. E. M. LEFTWICH. JETEE & LEFTWICH, Will give their prompt and personal attention to the sale of WHEAT, CORN, FLOUR AND TOBACCO. Office two doors below Columbian Hotel, C:? -A. "FL ■'S" S ^P ^^ ES EI T? , l^ D © [Ml G^ © ^ P . GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 103 may hold a circuit. It lias jurisdiction only where the matter in controversy is not less in value than $500, except in certain specified cases. Special Courts of Appeal may be organized. Circuit Judges must not be less than 30, nor Supreme Court Judges less than 35 years of age, and no election for judges shall be held within 30 days of the time of holding the elec- tion for President, for Congressmen, or for members of the State Legislature. Officers of the Supreme and District Courts are appointed by the Judges thereof; but Clerks of Circuits are elected by the voters for six years. When a G-overnor is elected, an Attorney-General is also elected for the term of four years. County Courts are held monthly by not less than three, nor more than five Justices. Each county is divided into districts, and each district elects 4 Justices for the term of 4 years. The Justices so elected choose one of their own body to attend each term of the Court, and classify the rest for the performance of their duties. The voters of each county elect also a Clerk of the County Court, and a Surveyor, for 6 years, an Attorney of the Commonwealth for 4 years, and a Sheriff, and Commis- sioner of the Eevenue, for 2 years. Constables and overseers of the poor are elected by the voters. Among the miscellaneous 2^i'ovisions of the constitution are the following : the writ of habeas corpiLS shall not be suspended, nor shall any bill of attainder be passed, nor any ex-post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, or taking private property without just compensation, or abridg- ing the freedom of speech, or of the press, or establishing any religion, or prescribing any religious test, or conferring any privileges or advantages on any one sect or denomination ; no law shall embrace more than one object, and when amended, shall be re-enacted at length ; provision may be made, render- ing ineligible for office those who fight or are engaged in a duel ; the Senate shall try impeachments made by the House, and may sit for this purpose during recess ; slaves hereafter emancipated shall forfeit their freedom by remaining in the Commonwealth more than 12 months ; restrictions may be im- posed upon emancipation, but the General Assembly shall not emancipate ; it may relieve the State from the free negroes by removal or otherwise ; yeas and nays shall be taken on all tax 104 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CHAS. T. WORTHAM. G. WORTHAM. O. T. "WORTHAM & CO. '9 li. z c:j H 3vi: CD nxr JOHN BOOKER. SAMUEL V. WATKINS. BOOKEE & WATKINS, GENERAL Gary Street, betrveen 12th and 13th sts. 322. a O 03 SX£ CE> EST 523 = '3 BAEKSDALE, STOVALL & CO. Produce €ommMoii Merchants, AND FORWARDING AGENTS, HENRY W. BARKSDALE, JONATHAN B. STOVALL, BEVERLY BARKSDALE, Jr VIRGINIA DAGUERREIAN GALLERY. W. C. CRALLE'S Xj,I C31- H T law No. 37 Mansion House, Main street, XI. X o ib: 3MC o 3xr x> . 3 GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 105 and appropriation bills ; no incorporated company shall be re- leased from its liability to the State ; nor shall the faith of the State be pledged for the debts of any company ; seven per cent. of the State debt existing, 1st January, 1852, shall be annually set apart as a sinking fund to redeem said debt ; no loans shall be contracted for a longer period than 34 years ; whenever a debt is contracted, there shall be set apart annually, for 34 years, a sum exceeding by one '^qv cent, the aggregate amount of tlie annual interest agreed to be paid thereon at the time of its contraction, which sum shall be a part of the sinking fund ; stocks held by the Commonwealth may be sold, but the pro- ceeds must be applied to the payment of the public debt ; no charter shall be granted to any church, but title to church property may be granted to a limited extent ; no lottery shall be authorized, and tlie buying and selling of tickets shall be prohibited ; no new county shall be formed with an area less than 600 square miles ; powers shall be conferred on the Courts exclusively to grant divorces, to change the names of persons, and direct the sale of infants' estates ; there shall be a period- ical registration of voters, and of births, marriages, and deaths, annually; a census shall be taken every five years after the national census. Federal Representation. — In accordance with the act of 23d May, 1853, Virginia elects thirteen representatives to the Con- gress of the United States. The militia force of the State, in 1851, consisted of 125,128 men of all arms, of wliicli number 6,494 were commissioned officers, and 118,634 non-commissioned officers, musicians, arti- ficers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 32 were gen- eral officers, 66 general staff-officers, 1,423 field-officers, etc., and 4,973 company officers. All white persons between the ages of 18 and 45 years are subject to military duty. The jjrmcipaZ benevolent institutions of the State are the Lu- natic Asylum, at Staunton, and the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, at the same place. These institu- tions are liberally supported by annual legislative appropria- tions. Public Finances, etc. — The aggregate debt of Virginia, on the 1st April, 1851, was as follows: Revolutionary War debt (6 p. c.,) $24,039 n ; war debt of 1812 (7 p. c.,) $319,000; in- 14 106 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. R. & G. WHITFIELD, WHOLESALE AND EETAIL Corner of Cary and 10th streets, TVILLLAia TA7LOS, GROCER AND COMMISSION MERCHif, AND DEALEK IN Nos. 9 and 11 East Main streets, E. H. SKINKER, AND On hand a full stock of Groceries, Iron, Steel, Tin Plates, &c. Particular attention given to the sale of FLOUR, WHEAT, CORN, and other Coutry Produce. JAMES VV. VERSER. JAMES BOISSEAU. VERSER & BOISSEAU, SUCCESSORS TO WM. EGGLESTON; §mtm ml €nimnmu 3\Un\)mk, 3MO. av i=»ea.n street. Personal attention given to the sale of Country Produce, &c. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 107 ternal imiirovement debt (6 p. c.,) $9,364,916 04 ; internal im- provement debt (5 p. c.,) $1,065,600; internal improvement debt (5^ p. c.,) $25,300 ; debt for subscription to banks, $450,10T —total debt, $11,248,962 21; but of this there Avas held by State agents, under the control of the Legislature — by Literary Fund $1,125,606 50, and by Board of Public Works $375,- 912 41, or in all $1,501,518 91, leaving an actual outstanding debt of $9,747,443 30. The State is also liable conditionally for guaranteed bonds for internal improvements $3,947,894. The State liolds assets, consisting of stocks and debts due — productive of $7,060,565 48, and — not now productive, $6,052,- 266 53: total $13,112,832 11. The valuation of property, real and personal, assessed for taxation, in 1850, amounted to $381,376,660. The valuation of the same, according to the U. S. census of that year, was $430,701,082. The valuation for taxes in May, 1852, amounted to $415,542,189 70, being an in- crease of over $34,000,000 in two years, and it was estimated that there was otiier property: not taxed to the value of $50,- 000,000. The chief sources of 'income for the year Avere as follow : ordinary revenue and taxation, $676,256 09; dividends on bank stock, $286,542 94 ; bonus on bank dividends, $46,093 36 ; in- ternal improvements, $64,029 ; interest on loans to internal improvement companies, $90,771 61; militia lines, $13,509 76; annuity from Old James Kiver Company, $21,000 ; loans ob- tained to pay subscriptions to joint-stock companies, etc., $1,- 238,395 19 ; temporary loans, $100,000 ; Washington Monu- ment Fund, $22,115 69 ; and sales of articles made at the Pen- itentiary, $11,000. The expenditures were as follows : expenses of General Assembly, . $103,867 25 ; officers of government, $93,647 45 ; criminal charges, $39,554 82 ; contingent expen- ses of Courts, $32,931 65 ; militia, $19,344 55 ; Virginia Mili- tary Institute, $20,710; public Guard at Kichmond, $21,- 340 18; comm. of revenue, $32,106 90; lunatics and lunatic asylums, $100,390 71 ; deaf and dumb and blind asylums, $18,901 29; interest on public debt, $559,634 47; contingent fund, $16,672 40; public roads, $5,601 50; general appropria- tions, $27,162 02; revision of laAvs, $28,801; penitentiary, $27,502 84 ; redemption of public debt, $239,500 ; advance to Board of Public Works, $197,000 ; Washington monument, 108 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JOSEPH P. WINSTON. WILLIAM H. POWERS. WINSTON & POWERS, SUCCESSORS TO NACE & WINSTON, Mi M AND DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC Corner of Cary and Pearl Streets^ leading to Mayo's Bridge) 3ELXOX3:]VC<33>2^J3. Agents for Virginia Lime. Office of the Manchester Cotton and Wool Manufacturing Company. WiTI. II. POW£IlS, Agent. THOMAS W. KEESEE, .A.XJOT'IOKrEiESn, OFFICE AT GEeEGE L SUmmWB, Will attend to the sale of Keal Estate, and every description of Merchandise, Household Furniture, &c. JOHN M. ROYALL, PEARL STREET, BELOW^ CARY, Messrs. Lewis AVebb & Son, "| Messrs. Tifiaiiy, Ward & Co. ' Bacon & Baskerville, , j>i^.]j5^] Devanport, Allen & Co. Kent, Paine & Kent, John Caswell & Co. 1 -fj v Lane & Hussey. fe Co. 1 j^ y- J Rice, Chase & Co " George & Jenkins, " Lewis & Geo. Cassard, f " H. E. Thomas & Co. " F. W. Bruno & Son. J Balto. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. lOgf $29,860 25 ; dividends to stockholders of Old James River Company, $20,895 ; surveys, $3,500 ; subscriiotions to internal improvement companies out of loans received, $1,185,527 28; primary schools, $45,674 03 ; and annuity to University of Virginia, $150,000. Educational Statistics. — The number of schools reported in 126 counties and towns, for the year 1850-51, was 3,904, and the number of poor children 72,876, of which 31,655 had attended schools during the year. Amount expended for tuition, inclu- ding books, compensation of officers, and all other expenses, $68,135 93. Average actual attendance of each child at com- mon schools, 52f days. Average cost per annum of each scholar $2 15. The permanent capital of the Literary Fund amounted on the 1st October, 1850, to $1,533,710 82 ; and the revenue derived therefrom, for the year, amounted to $97,883 66. Acad- emies, seminaries, and private schools, are numerous in all tlie cities and towns, and many of these are institutions of favorable reputation. The statistics of the collegiate establishments and professional schools, in 1851, are as follow : Collegiate Institutions. Location. Founded. Trof's. Alum. Stud's, Vols. William & Mary Col. (Epis.) Williamsburg 1692 7... — ... 36... 5,000 Hampden Sidney Col Prince Edwards co. 1*783 6. ..1,500... 25... 8,000 Washington Col Lexington 1789.... 6... 600... 50... 4,950 University of Virginia Charlottesville. . . .1819..J.10. . .3,500. . .383. . .16,000 Randolph-Macon Col. (Meth) Boydton 1832.... 7... 147... 80... 8,000 Richmond Col. (Baptist).... Richmond 1832.... 5... 5... 50... 1,200 Emory & Henry Col. (Meth.) Emory 1838 5... 65. ..100... 7,807 Rector College (Baptist). ... Pruntytown 1839 3... — ... 50... 2,500 Virginia Military Institute. . Lexington 1839.... 6... 107. ..120... 2,000 Bethany College Bethany 1841 6... 80. ..141... 3,500 Professional Schools. Episco. Theol. School of Va. Fairfax county 1822 4... 229... 38... 5,000 Union Theol. Sem. (Presb).. Prince Edwar'dsco. 1824... . 3... 175... 20... 4,000 Virginia Baptist Seminary. . Richmond 1832.... 3... — ... 67... 1,000 Law Depart., Univ. of Va... Charlottesville.... — .... 1... — ^ ... 70... — Law Dept. Wm. & Mary Col. Williamsburg — .... 1... — ... 32... — Med. School, Univ. of Va... Charlottesville ... .1825 3... — ... 95... — Med. Dept. Hamp. Sid. Col.. Richmond 1838 7... 40... 90... — Winchester Medical College.. Winchester — ....5... — ... — ... — William and Mary College is, with the exception of Harvard University, the oldest literary institution in the country, and is distinguished for its large proportion of graduates who have risen to eminence, some of whom have held the highest stations in the nation. Thomas Jefferson was a graduate of this col- lege. It was founded on a donation of land, 20,000 acres, granted in the reign of William and Mary. The buildings are of brick, and sufficient to accommodate 100 students. It was 110 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. LOUIS J. BOSSIEUX, MANUFACTUEEK OF T 9 AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN Fruits, Confectioneries & Fancy Goods, LOGAN WALLER, fFi' Attends promptly to the sale of Wheat, Corn, Flour and To- bacco. Your patronage is respectfully solicited. Office two doors below the Columbian Hotel, GARY STREET, 3FL I c:; n 3m: o rsr i>. BROWN & SHOOK, G E N E E A L 3El.IOH3Vi:C^ig"I>. No drayage charged. All letters promptly answered. GRANT & BENNETT, TWENTIETH STREET, GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. Ill formerly allowed a representative in the General Assembly. Hampden-Sidney College was established in 17 74, and named after those martyrs who perished in the good old cause — John Hampden, and Algernon Sidney. It was chartered in 1783. More instructors have emanated from this college than from any other southern institution. Connected with the college is a Literary and Philosophic Society, and an Institute of Educa- tion. There are also several societies among the students. The University owes its origin and peculiar organization to Mr. Jef- ferson. It possesses philosophical and chemical apj^aratus, to- gether with a fine cabinet of minerals and fossils, and an ana- tomical and miscellaneous museum. The observatory, a short distance from the university, is furnished with the requisite astronomical instruments. Tlie organization of the university ditfers materially from that of any other institution in the Union. The students are not divided into four classes, with a course of studies emliracing four years, but the different branches are styled '^schools," and the student is at liberty to attend which he pleases, and graduate in each when prepared. In order to attain the degree of M. A., the student must gradu- ate in the several schools of mathematics^ ancient languages, moral philosophy, natural philosophy, chemistry, and in some two of the modern languages. This institution is in every re- spect organized and justly regarded as a university of the first class. The Virginia Military Institute is conducted on the plan of instruction observed at West Point, and is a highly valued institution, and has been liberally encouraged by State appro- priations. Religious Denominations. — The statistics of the several relig- ious denominations in the State in 1850 were as follow : Denomina- No. of Church Value of tions. Churches. accom. Property. Baptist 639. . . .241,689. .$687,918 Christian 16.... 4,900.. 7,595 Congregatio'l. — .... — ■ .. — Dutch Reform. — .... — • . . — Episcopal leT 73,884.. 527,150 Free 107.... 35,025,. 61,900 Friends 14 6,300.. 18,825 German Ref'd 9 3,800.. 16,200 Jewish 1.... 600.. 4,000 Lutheran 50 18,750.. 52,445 Mennonite 6.... 2,250.. 5,550 — making a total of 2,336 churches, with valued at $2,849,176. Denomina- No. of tions. Churches. Methodist... .1,002.. Moravian.... 8.. Presbyterian . 23G. . . R. Catholic. 17.. Swedenbourg — . . , Tunker 8.. Union 47.. Unitarian. ... — . . , Universalist.. 1.., Minor Sects. . 8. . . Church accom. 315,763., 1,500., 101,625.. 7,930., 4,400.. 13,250.. 200.. Value of Property. .$721,008 2,550 . 567,165 . 126,100 . 8,200 . 24,025 500 . 18,050 accommodation for 824,691 i arsons, and 112 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. AND i& THOMAS GRIFFIN, PROPKIETOK, No. 84 MAIN STREET, This new and well known Established RESTAURANT is kept constantly supplied with every Delicacy of the season, from the Northern and Southern Markets. HAVING SUPERIOR COOKS, EITENSI7E AND ¥ELL FUHNISHED ROOMS, And every facility for the purpose, he feels authorized to say that he can furnish Suppers^ Dinners, &c. In a style not surpassed by any similar Establishment in this City. ^/SMiIia[L,[!18, PiifEfOlS ®[E ®M©§, Attended to at all times with promptness and dispatch. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 113 Virginia forms a cliocessof the Protestant Episcopal Church, and comprises the Roman Catholic Diocesses of Richmond and Wheeling, and also a portion of the Archdiocess of Baltimore, the last being that portion of the District of Columbia retro- ceded in 1846. Public Libraries. — The Report of the Librarian of the Smith- sonian Institution, made in 1851, states the public libraries of Virginia as follows : one State Library — 14,000 volumes ; four social — 3,313 volumes; nine college — 45,790 volumes; eight students' — 10,466 volumes ; five academic and professional — 12,951 volumes ; one scientific and historical — 1,200 volumes ; two public — 1,460 volumes. Total — thirty libraries, and 89,180 volumes. Periodical Press. — Virginia, on the 1st June, 1850, had 100 periodical issues — in politics 31 were Avhig, 22 democrat, and 47 neutral, the latter including those devoted to literature, sci- ence, religion, and all the character of which had not been ascertained. Of the whole number, 20 were published daily, 6 tri-weekly, 7 semi-weekly, 60 weekly, 4 monthly, and 1 quar- terly ; and the circulation of the dailies was 32,750 copies at each issue ; of the tri-weeklies, 700 copies ; of the semi-w^eek- lies, 6,500 copies ; of the weeklies 41,936 copies; of the month- lies, 13,150 copies ; and of the quarterly, 1,000 copies. There were published in Augusta County, (Staunton,) 3 weekly ; Al- bemarle, (3 in Charlottesville,) 3 weeklies and 1 monthly ; in Alexandria, one daily, one tri-weekly, and one weekly; in Bote-^ tourt, Berkley and Brooke, each two w^eeklies ; in Campbell, (Lynchburg,) three semi-weeklies ; in Dinwiddle, (Petersburg,) two dailies and one tri-weekly ; in Fauquier, two weeklies ; in Fairfax, one weekly; in Frederick, (Winchester,) two weeklies ; in Greenbrier, one weekly ; in Harrison, two weeklies ; in Hardy, one weekly ; in Hampshire, two weeklies ; in Henrico, (Richmond,) six dailies, one semi-weekly, two weeklies, five monthlies, and one quarterly; in Jefferson, three weeklies; in Kanawha, one weekly ; in Loudoun, two weeklies ; in Lewis, Marshall, and Munroe, each one weekly ; in Monongalia, three weeklies ; in Marion and Nansemond, each one weekly ; in Norfolk, (Portsmouth 6, and Norfolk 7;) seven dailies, four tri- weeklies, and two weeklies ; in Ohio, (Wheeling,) three dailies and two weeklies ; in Preston, Prince Edward, and Pittsylva- 15 114 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. R. P. RICHARDSON. B. W. RICHARDSON. RICHARDSON & CO. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN AND AMERICAN 'MMEi, iMM, mmm, Quikm, Ribbons, Percussion Caps, Hooks and Eyes, Buttons, Threads, Pins, Needles, Combs, <&c. A large and splendid assortment of infill ^J W^: Constantly on hand, consisting of Tapestry Velvet, Tapestry Brussels, Common Brussels, Three Ply, Superfine, Fine and Common; Bigeloiv's Power-loom Brussels Carpets, PERSIAN, HEAVY WILTON, CHENNILLE, BRUSSELS AND TUFTED ENGLISH AND AMERICAN ALL WIDTHS; 4-4, 5-4 and 6-4 White and Check Bookings, Mats, Stair Rods, &c. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 115 nia, eacli one weekly ; in Eockbridge, Eockingham^ and She- nandoah, each two weeklies ; in Spottsylvania, (Fredericks- burg,) one daily, two semi-weeklies, and three weeklies ; in Tazewell, one weekly ; in Washington, two weeklies ; and in Wood and Wythe, each one weekly. Pauperism. — The whole number of paupers relieved and sup- ported within the year ending 1st June, 1850, was 5,118, of whom 4,933 were native born and 185 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers at the date specified was 4,458 ; of whom 4,356 were natives and 102 foreigners. Cost of support, etc., during the year, $151,722. The name of Sebastian Cabbot stands at the head of the early navigators to the Western World, which he discovered in 1496, and afterwards made many visits to it. Historical Sketch. — The name of Virginia, though now belong- ino- only to the present State of that name, was originally given to the whole extent of country afterward divided into the thir- teen colonies. It was bestowed upon the country which he attempted to colonize, by Sir Walter Ealeigh, in honor of Eliz- abeth, England's virgin queen. The settlement within the lim- its of the present State were not, however, effected until April, 160*7, and this was the first permanent settlement by the English 116 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GROSHOHG-, TUPMAN & CO. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL '^ No. 86 MAIN STREET, Dealers in Superior Clothing and Furnishing Goods. SILAS MERCHANT. OSCAR F. WEISIGER. S. MERCHANT & WEISIGER, MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN FASHIONABLE AND FANCY DRESS ARTICLES, A large assortment of Shirts always on hand. IVILLIAM J. SMITH, Fourteenth Street, opposite Post OlEce, 3 O^ 12 ^:^ CE> s^' lE^ Strangers and Citizens generally are invited to go to 162 Main Street, opposite American House, r^ I c? EC n^^ O INT ID , FOR THEIR SUPPLY OF Always on hand a large stock of every description of Gentle- men's Ware; also Canes, Umbrellas, Perfumery, &c. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 117 in America. Previous to this many ineffectual efforts had been made to plant colonies on the Atlantic coast. At length the matter was undertaken by a company, to which a patent was granted by James I, and which was called the London Compa- ny, to distinguish it from the Plymouth Company, which subsequently settled New England. Three ships with 105 persons, sailed from London in December, 1606, and after a tedious and circuitous passage entered the Bay of Chesapeake in April, 1607. On a peninsula a little distance up James River, a settlement called Jamestown was begun. The colonists soon experienced the difficulties of their new position, and to the great exertions of Capt. John Smith, distinguished among the adventurers of the age, the colony was indebted to its preserva- tion. An incident which occurred at this period has lent to its history the attractions of romance. While on a foraging ex- pedition he was taken prisoner by the Indians, who determined to put him to death ; his head was placed on a stone, and the savages were about to dispatch him with clubs, Avhen Pocahon- tas, the daughter of the principal chief, Powhatan, after vainly imploring mercy for him, rushed forward, and resting her head upon that of the captive, appeared determined to share his fate. Powhatan relented, and soon after permitted Smith to return home. Two years after, when the Indians had plotted the de- struction of the colony, Pocahontas, faithful to the attachment she had formed, disclosed the plot to the English, and the In- dians finding them on their guard abandoned the project. Such was the distress of the colonists in 1610, that the survivors had actually embarked to return to England, when Lord Delaware, who had been appointed Governor, arrived with supplies and 150 men, and persuaded the colonists to remain. Under this governor and his successor the settlement prospered ; useful industry succeeded to their previous habits, and aided by a fer- tile soil, they were enabled to raise large stocks of provisions. In 1619, the first legislature was convened, and about this period 1,200 additional emigrants arrived, among whom were 150 young women, who were sold to the planters for wives. Negro slaves were first brought into the country at this time. In 1622 the Indians surprised the settlements and massacred some 347 of the colonists; and the whole colony would have shared the same fate, but that timely information had been V 118 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. ^# ^ « %. No. 81 MAIN STREET, Manufacturer and Dealer in every variety and style of 9 ? TB TpT TE] (^ Country Merchants and others are requested to call and ex- amine his extensive assortment before purchasing elsewhere, as his Stock is one of the most extensive in the country. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 119 given the inhabitants of Jamestown of the conspiracy. To this famine succeeded, which was, however, alleviated by the arrival of provisions from England. A reinforcement arriving at the same time, war was levied against the Indians, and in a short time most of the neighboring tribes were subdued or slain. Two years afterward the company was dissolved and the charter resumed by the king. All power was vested in commissioners, and under their rule the colony suffered griev- ously. Sir John Hervey, the royal governor, appointed in 1629, was seized by the people and sent home a prisoner. He was succeeded by Sir William Berkley, who called an assembly of burgesses, and governed the province with mildness and pru- dence. On the revolution in England, the Virginians adhered to the cause of the monarch, and even after the death of Charles I refused to acknowledge the commonwealth. Submission was forced by sending against them an armament ; but the senti- ments of the colonists were again declared, for even before the restoration in England the authority of Charles II had been acknowledged in Virginia. In 1661, an assembly was called by the governor, and in the succeeding year the Church of England was established by law. Notwithstanding this remark- able loyalty of the Virginians, they were made to suffer griev- ously from the arbitrary and monopolizing system of the home government. The navigation act, and other measures of a sim- ilar nature adopted to this time, weighed heavily on the peo- ple, and in addition to these grievances, the king, regardless of the rights of the landed proprietors, granted to his courtiers large tracts of land, to which the settlers were legally entitled. From these causes arose an insurrection, memorable in the his- tory of Virginia, and known as Bacon's Rebellion. Colonel Bacon, an eloquent and ambitious man, put himself at the head of the people, who had assembled with the ostensible object of a foray against the Indians. The governor, by advice of the legislature, issued a proclamation of rebellion against them, and so exasperated the leaders of the expedition as to direct its object from hostilities against the Indians to war against the government. They marched to Jamestown, and after dis- persing the assembly. Bacon called a convention, and assumed the reins of government. Civil war with all its horrors now 120 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. MEDICAL COLLEGE OIF™ "^ I E^ C3r I INT I -^ An Annual Course of Lectures is delivered in this Institution, commencing on the second Monday in Octoher, and continuing till the middle of March ensuing. College Building, cor. Washington & College streets. PROFESSORS. E. L. Bohannan, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and diseases of Women and Children. Charles Bell Gibson, M. D., Professor of Surgery and Surgi- cal Anatomy. David H. Tucker, M. D., Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine. Martin P. Scott, M. D., Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bev. R. Welford, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. E. Brown Seguard, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medi- cine and Medical Jurisprudence. A. E. Peticolas, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, i til iiiiii iiiii if f iiiiij Corner of Marshall and College streets. » mtm < The College Infirmary is open for the reception of patients throughout the year. All persons requiring Surgical or Medi- cal aid (except the insane and those laboring under contagious diseases) are admitted into the Institution. The patients are under the charge of the Professors of the College, and the charges for Board, Medical attendance. Surgical operations, Nursing, Medicines and every service rendered by the Insti- tution, For White Patients, $6 per -vsreek. " Colored " 5 " Persons sending patients from a distance, will please give a city reference. Address any member of the Faculty, or N. TURNLEY, Steivard of Infirmary. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 121 ensued. Jamestown was burnt, and the colony given up to pil- lage. After several months' bloodshed and confusion, Bacon died suddenly, and for want of a leader his party dispersed. It was long, however, before prosperity revived in the colony. Soon after these events, Berkeley returned to England, and was succeeded by Lord Culpepper, who brought with him several bills drawn up by the ministry of England, to which he re- quired the assent of the legislature, on pain of being treated as rebels. The objects of these acts was the increase of his emol- uments. During the reigns of Charles IV and James, the col- ony suffered much, and rejoiced greatly in the change of gov- ernment that drove the Stuarts from the throne. The Kevolu- tion, indeed, brought to Virginia internal tranquillity, and a long succession of prosperous years. Nothing occurred to in- terrupt its growth in wealth and power. In 1*732, she gave birth to the most illustrious of her sons, the great statesman and warrior, who waa destined afterward to achieve and con- solidate the independence of all the colonies. During the war between France and England, prior to 1754, her local situation exempted her from hostilities. From 1754 to 1758, when the French began to put in operation their scheme to unite Canada and Louisiana, the frontiers of Virginia were harassed by incursions of French and Indian parties ; to repel which a regi- ment was raised, in which Washington first distinguished him- self On the conclusion of peace, when the British attempted to raise a revenue within the colonies, the statesmen of Vir- ginia were among the first to raise the voice of opposition. The eloquence and talents of her orators contributed greatly to excite public feeling on this occasion. The services and sufier- ings of Virginia in the war of the Kevolution were at least as great as those of any other State, and in Virginia the last im- portant measure of the war took place, in the surrender of Cornwallis. Since the peace of 1783, Virginia has retained an elevated rank in the family of States. Fruitful of illustrious men, that State has given seven Presidents to the Union. Du- ring the war of 1812, her citizens displayed great patriotism in opposing the common enemy, and her maritime frontier suf- fered severely from predatory incursions. Within the last few years the progress of the State in population and material greatness has been wonderfully rapid ; and her territory be- 16 " 122 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. LEWIS GINTER. JOHI)r F. ALVEY. '3 GINTER & ALVEY, INTO. X6 :E':EiJ^:El.TL. S^Pft.£33S^, [S 3 (g S] 51] ® El © , HOSIERY, GLOVES, HANDKERCHIEFS, CBAWTS, EMBROIDERIES, Trimmings, Sewing Silk, [Buttons, Combs, Thread and Fancy Goods. P. HORTON KEACH, No. 91 Main Street, !3^ 2 <^ UQ: s:sa c^ j^:? s:m 9 WHOLESALE A^D EETAIL Manufacturer and Dealer in LADIES' DRESS TRIMMINGS, Odd-Fellows' & Masonic mi ^:^ cm- ,£:i. i^ u. <£^ Q Banners, Flags, Jewels, &c. Also Dealer in Hosiery, Gloves, Yarn, Worsted, Fancy and Staple Goods. Every variety of Trimmings made to order. AGENT FOR HUNTS CELEBRATED SEWING MACHINE. JAMES J. BINFORD. JOHN D. BLAIR. WM. P. MAYO. BINFORD, MAYO & BLAIR, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN nxTo- CARPETING, &c. [^ D © [HI [^ © [Nl E) a GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 123 yond fhe mountains — a wilderness to the last generation, has become equal to the old settlements in all that constitutes na- tional wealth. In 1850 the constitution of the State was ad- justed to its present condition and circumstances.* Succession of Governors. — Presidents of Council: Edward M. Wingfield, 1607 ; Jno. Radcliffe, 1607 ; Jno. Smith, 1607 ; George Percy, 1608 ; — Company's G-overnors : Lord de la War, 1610; SirThos. Dale, 1611; Sir Thos. Gates, 1611; Sir Thos. Dale, 1614; Captain George Yeardly, 1616; Samuel Argal, 1617 ; {to the year 1618, Sir Thomas Smith presided over the council and company in England, while the above-named actually governed in Virginia;) Sir George Yeardley, 1618; Sir Francis Wyatt, 1621 ; Sir George Yeardley (acting,) 1626 ; Sir George Yeardley, 1626; Francis West, 1627; John Pott, 1628; Sir John Harvey, 1629 ; John West, 1635 ; Sir John Harvey, 1636; Sir Francis Wyatt, 1639; Sir William Berkeley, 1641 ; Richard Kempe, 1644 ; Sir William Berkeley, 1645 ; Richard Bennet, (elected), 1652; Edward Digges, 1655 ; Sam'l Mathews, 1656 ; Sir Wm. Berkeley, 1659 ; Francis Morrison (appointed ;) Sir William Berkeley 1662 ; Herbert Jeffreys, (Lieuten't Gov.) 1677; Sir Henry Chichely, (Dep. Gov.) 1678; Lord Culpepper, 1680 ; Nicholas Spencer, (Pres. of Council,) 1680 ; Lord Howard, (Gov.) 1684 ; Nathaniel Bacon (Pres. Council,) 1688 ; Francis Nicholson (Lt. Gov.), 1690 ; Sir Edmund Andros (Gov.,) 1692 ; Francis Nicholson, 1698; Edward Nott, 1705; Edmund Jen- nings, 1706 ; Alexander Spotswood, 1710 ; Hugh Drysdale, 1722; Robert Carter (Pres. of Council,) 1726; Wm. Gouch (Gov.,) 1727; Thomas Lee, (Pres. of Council,) 1749; Lewis Burwell, 1749 ; Robert Dinwiddie (Gov.,) 1752 ; Francis Fau- quier, 1758; John Blair (Pres. of Council,) 1767 ; Lord Bote- tourt (Gov.,) 1768 ; Wm. Nelson (Pres. of Council,) 1770; Lord Dunmore, 1772; Presidents of Convention (Provisional Gov.,) * If it be not beneath the dignity of history, it may be interesting to our readers to state how Virginia came to acquire the soubriquet of the " Old Dominion." After the death of Charles I, and the usurpation of Cromwell, the British colonies in America were required to swear allegiance to the Protector. But Virginia persisted in retaining her loyalty to the Old Dominion — that is, to the dynasty of the Stuarts, which was represented in the person of Charles II, who had taken refuge in Hol- land. After the death of Cromwell, Charles was recalled, and proclaimed King of England, Scotland, Ireland and Virginia, and ordered her arms to be quartered with those.of Great Britain as an independent member of the Empire. This was done in compliment to Virginia, who had invited him to reign over her, but the death of Cromwell restored him to the throne of his ancestors. We think that Virginia was fortunate ; for surely a more worthless tyrant never held the reins of empire. 124 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. o Xj. €> "GP »E X r«r <3- 5 KEEN, BALDWIN & CO. Manufacturers of and Dealers in 102 CLOTHmG 102 -iSit. iwj anai fli(g¥ illii 111 2®li Keep constantly on hand a full assort- ment of Dress Coats, Frock Coats, Over Coats, Cloth Cloaks, Cass. Pants, Silk Vests, Satin Vests, Velvet Vests, Marseilles Vests, Shirts and Collars, Cravats & Scarfs, Gloves & Hosiery, Buck Underwear, Silk Merino " Cotton " Rubber Goods, Umbrellas. And a full assort- ment of all other Goods usually kept in a Gentlemen's KEEN, BALDWIN 9 K.eep always oi\ liand a supply of Carpeliiigs, Rugs, Baizes, Irish Iilnen, Table Damasks, Huckabacks, Lincu Sliectiugs, Sic. "UMiLm a msi\?m S) I^ oixirteentli. Street, sag 52® El ID, GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 127 employment of the Chesapeake ports ; and no project for ac- quiring the materials or the means of exportation, can be suc- cessful, which does not contemplate their employment. The country tributary to the Chesapeake, possesses advan- tages not surpassed by any other on the Atlantic. Nature has been so bounteous, that the difficulty has been, not so much to discover a good site for a city, but to discriminate between the numerous excellent locations presented. Norfolk, Kichmond, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and Alexandria, have all been established to receive and conduct the trade of Virginia. From the individuality of these local interests, it has been heretofore impossible to adopt any system of improvement cal- culated to promote the exclusive advantage of any one of the cities referred to. Apprehensive that the limited trade legiti- mate to each might be diverted to some rival, impediments have been thrown in the way of great lines of communication with the interior of our own and other States, calculated per- haps, to vary the local direction of some particular trade, but destined, in the end, to compensate each of these cities, by its dividend of a trade far surpassing in magnitude and value any particular loss. The evils of rivalry will, however, be no longer felt, each of these cities having received a line of inter- nal communication^ many of which are now converging to a common point of union ; interests heretofore supposed antago- nistic are now harmonized in the completion of a plan common to them all, and weapons brightened by the conflict of a gener- ous rivalry are now wielded in the achievement of a common triumph. It is thus that the construction of the Southside rail road, and the James Kiver canal, makes the prosecution of the Virginia and Tennessee railroad alike imjjortant to Lynchburg — to whose public spirit is so largely due the conception and execution of that great project — to Kichmond and to Peters- burg. The extension of the great central-railroad to the Ohio, no longer a subject of exclusive interest to Kichmond, appeals to the support of Alexandria. The completion of the Dock connections will connect Norfolk with the James Kiver and Kanawha Canal, and interest that city in its extension to the Ohio. The Kichmond and Danville railroad is, upon the same principle, a work from which Petersburg and Kichmond may derive common benefits. 128 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. WM. H. CHRISTIAN. SAMUEL P. LATHROP. CHRISTIAN & LATHROP, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in No. 99 MAIN STREET, l^ D © [MI B^ © [MI © a JAMES G. BROOKS. WILLIAM BELL. R. P. WALLER. BROOKS, BELL & CO. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF Ki^ » No. 17 PEARL STREET, Hi n (S HI MS ® sr IS) J. WILLINGHAM. A. L. ELLETT. J. T. PACE. WILLINGHAM, ELLETT & CO. l?®[Eiiai3El MM B®Mm']!m STAPLE AND FANCY 3MO. XO E»ea.rl Stiree-t, [E a (g SI iill ® El 13 » GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 129 Convinced, therefore, that their interest and duty alike de- mand a cordial alliance, the cities of Virginia will hereafter be- stow upon the extension of the great lines of improvement here indicated, their earnest and combined co-operation. Since, however, the partial completion of these great im- provements has already bestowed upon the cities of Virginia a large accumulation of trade, it becomes necessary to encour- age the establishment of a commercial marine, of sail-ships and steamers, to convey abroad our own trade, and exchange for it the productions of other nations. The export and import trade of Virginia is now taxed with transport coastwise for exporta- tion from northern cities : it is burthened with the charges of northern merchants ; whilst the whole commercial profits jesulting from freights, exchanges, as well as from the import- ation and supply of the goods received on exchange, result ex- clusively to northern capital and to northern enterprise. We state this fact in no spirit of sectional prejudice, but as a consequence of our>iOwn supineness. We think it time that a trade so circuitous, and a tribute so unworthy, should cease. We should export from and import into the Chesapeake cities of Virginia, by vessels owned and manned by Southern men. No State can expect to preserve its prosperity which does not pro- vide for its citizens the varied pursuits in which industry and enterprise shall receive an adequate reward. In estimating the present value of the Chesapeake trade, so far as materials are at hand for a correct estimate, we will find that the James River and Kanawha Canal, its principal tribu- tary, contributed during the last year $6,123,865 49, the pro- ducts of the interior ; whilst it carried into the interior, mer- chandise and other articles, valued at 1*7,727,224 29.* The business of the central railroad has doubled within the past year ; its downward tonnage amounting to 25,000 tons, and its upward transportation is perhaps one-half that amount. The Eichmond and Danville, the Richmond and Petersburg, and Richmond and Fredericksburg railroads, contribute consid- erable additions to the aggregate of trade upon the James River. Amongst other imjjortant items of an export trade, we may mention that the total inspections of Virginia tobacco amount to 50,000 hogsheads, of which the larger portion is shipped to *An. Report of J. R. and K. Co., Nov. 1850. 17 ""^ 130 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. COLEMAN WORTHAM, niu Seventh, betv^een Byrd & Arch streets, IB FAWBT NINETEENTH STREET, JAMES H. GRANT, ALEXANDER DUVAL, WHOLESALE AND EETAIL i) 9 PEYTON JOHNSTON. JOS. W. JOHNSTON. P. JOHNSTON & BROTHER, WHOSESALE AND RETAIL ^-O. X13 3VtAT3?J- iS'm.JElJEin:^, DEALERS IN Paints, Oils, Glass, Dye-Stuffs, Segars, PERFCIHERT, FANCT ARTICLES, &c. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 131 Europe ; whilst the remainder, with a large amount not inspect- ed, is manufactured in the interior for consumption at home and abroad. The flouring mills in Kichmond manufactured, last year, 1,723,100 bushels of wheat, and are expected this year to manu- facture 1,587,100 bushels. This flour is shipped to Rio, through northern houses, in vessels whose return cargoes consist chiefly of coffee. This coffee is, in turn sent back in Northern vessels to Virginia for consumption — the freights, commissions, and commercial profits of both the export and import trade, being a direct loss to the State of Virginia, to which this trade right- fully belonged. During the present year, however, some of the most enter- prising merchants of Richmond have shipped nine cargoes of flour, directly to Rio, the vessels to return to this port with hides, coffee, and other products of South America. We are moreover informed that a larger amount of goods will be im- ported this year to Richmond than has been imported in any one year for a series of years ; and that the direct import would have been far larger but for the want of ships in this trade, which compelled our merchants to ship through northern ports. During the year ending July 1st, 1851, the foreign trade of James River gave employment to a number of foreign and American vessels. From a statement furnished from the Cus- tom House, in Richmond, it will be seen that the tonnage em- ployed in the direct foreign trade between Europe and the wa- ters of the James River amounts to nearly 30,000 tons. This amount is itself amply sufficient to give employment to two steamers of 2,500 tons burthen. If it were in our power to present the commercial statistics of the cities of Norfolk, derived from the Roanoke River, the Dismal Swamp Canal, and other sources ; the rapidly increas- ing trade of Alexandria, derived from the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and from the country adjacent to her ; of Peters- burg and Fredericksburg ; we do not doubt but that an amount of Chesapeake trade could be demonstrated adequate to sustain at once, by the energetic and united patronage of our mer- chants, a direct trade with Europe and South America. The materials for this trade already exist. Any doubt, however, which may be entertained of the present amount of Virginia 132 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JOHN PURCELL. BENJ. F. LADD. JAS. P. PURCELL 7 DEALERS m Paints, Oils, Dyes, Window Glass, &c. No. 92 cor. Main and 14th streets, oa a (^ ocL sia cs> jkst ss* » CHARLES BENNETT. WM. S. BEERS BENNETT & BEERS, DEALERS IN iici MW 9 NTS, OILS, „,„...__, 125 Main Street and No. 3 Pearl st. HFLzcii^sa: JO. |I3^ Orders from Physicians and Country Dealers promptly attended to. SAMUEL E. DOVE. ALEX. B. ARCHER. No. 83 MAIN STREET, IMPORTERS AND. DEALERS IN mUWn, PERFlJllEiiY, fm\ dOODS, TOBACCO, SEGARS, &c. '^T^ZXOX-iIESSl.^Si.XjiE: n-iEST-ia^iXj. Proprietors of the following Celebrated Medicines,— Ellcnborough's Turf Oil; Extract of Pareira Brava Buchu; Early Bird Vermifuge; Rheumatic Liniment; also of XX Bourbon, a delicious perfume, made for the Ladies of Virginia. |E^ Physicians' orders carefully attended to. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 133 commerce becomes unimportant, in view of the immense acces- sions to follow the completion of the improvements referred to. Whilst we pause to make the figures, the fact is upon us. A succinct statement of the works of artificial improvement now in progress and actually completed will serve to embody the facilities upon which we may rely, and to develop the capacity of transportation upon which the future trade of Virginia must principally depend. We think, therefore, it sufficiently ap- pears that, looking alone at the present trade of our cities, we have ample encouragement to commence at once upon this un- dertaking, with the fair prospects of trade enough to insure handsome profits to capitalists who may embark therein. But when we glance upon the future trade which these cities must enjoy, we are still more encouraged. We will first inquire in regard to the number of miles of railroads and canals now constructed. Your committee have been furnished with the following very valuable statistics by the second auditor: Statement of the Railroads in Virginia^ Completed and in Progress. Length. Completed. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 251 90 Richmond and Danville Railroad 141 35 Richmond and Petersburg Railroad 22 22 Clover Hill Railroad 15 15 Southside Railroad 122 10 Manasses Gap Railroad 60.. — Petersburg and Roanoke Railroad 60 60 Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad TT 77 Appomattox Railroad .. 9 9 Winchester and Potomac Railroad 32 32 Virginia Central Railroad, including the Blue Ridge Railroad. 138 98 "Virginia and Tennessee Railroad 208 10 Orange & Alex'a RR. including branch to Warrenton, 10 mi's. 100 10 Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad 76 76 Greensville and Roanoke Railroad 21 21 Northwestern Railroad 120 — Miles 1,455 565 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal 185 185 James River and Kanawha Canal — 200 Dismal Swamp Canal — 23 Fredericksburg Valley Plank Road 40 1 Staunton to James River 40 — Boydton to Petersburg 75 — Junction Valley 65 — It thus appears that there are now completed in Virginia 565 miles of railroad, and 418 miles of canals ; and that there are 134 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CARTER'S SPANISH MIXTURE. THE GREAT PURIFIER OP THE BLOOD! NOT A PARTICLE OF MERCURY IN IT. liET THE AFFLICTED READ AND PONDER! An Infallible Remedy for Scrofula, King^s Evil^ Rheuma- tism^ Obstinate Cutaneous Eruptions, Pimples or Pustules on the Face, Blotches, Boils^ Jlgue and Fever, Chronic Sore Eijes^ Ring Worm or Tetter^ Scald Head, Enlarge- ment and Pain of the Bones and Joints, Stubborn Ulcers, Syphilitic Disorders^ Lumbago, Spinal Complaints, and all Diseases arising from an Injudicious Use of Mercury, Imprudence in Life, or Impurity of the Blood. 1^^ This great alterative medicine and Purifier of Blood is now used by thousands of grateful patients from all parts of the United States, who testify daily to the re- markable cures performed by the greatest of all medicines, " 0-A.H.T?ESH.'S» S:E»-A.3XriS3E3C IMCI^CTTJU.IE!;"'' Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Scrofula, Eruptions on the Skin, Liver Disease, Fevers, Ulcers, Old Sores, Affections of the Kidneys, Diseases of the Throat, Female complaints, Pains and Aching of the Bones and Joints, are speedily put to flight by using this great and inestimable remedy. For all diseases of the Blood, nothing has yet been found to compare with it. It cleanses the system from all impurities, acts gently and efficiently on the Liver and Kidneys, strength- ens the Digestion, gives tone to the Stomach, makes the Skin clear and healthy, and restores the Constitution, enfeebled by disease or broken down by the exceeses of youth, to its pristine vigor and strength. For the Ladies, it is incomparably better than all the cos- metics ever used. A few doses of CARTER'S SPANISH MIX- TURE will remove all sallowness of complexion, bring the roses mantling to the cheek, give elasticity to the step, and improve the general health in a remarkable degree, beyond all the medi- cines ever heard of. The large number of certificates which we have received from persons from all parts of the United States, is the best evidence that there is no Humbug about it. The press, hotel keepers, magistrates, physicians, and public men, well known to the community, all add their testimony to the wonderful effects of this GREAT BLOOD PURIFIER. Call on the AGENT and get a Circular and Almanac, and read the wonderful cures his truly greatest of all Medicines has performed. None genuine unless signed BENNETT & BEERS, Proprietors, No.. 3 Pearl street, Richmond, Va., lo whom all orders for supplies and agencies must be addressed. For sale by Druggists and Country Merchants every where. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 135 now in the course of construction 890 miles of railroad, and 220 miles of plank roads. We have, then, the gratifying re- sult, that there are nearly 2,000 miles of rail-roads and canals constructed, or in progress of construction, in our State. The appropriations for these works are already made, and the mo- ney has heen almost entirely raised at home, without the neces- sity of incurring a foreign debt. The State of Pennsylvania, to make her improvements, has incurred a debt of near $40,000,- 000, to pay the interest on which requires a semi-annual export of over a million of dollars, to be paid the foreign bondholders. On the other hand, our State debt is comparatively small, and owned chiefly at home by our citizens. But this view becomes still more encouraging, when we re- collect that these improvements will be finished at the farthest within the next four years. As each mile is finished, an in- crease will be given to the trade of our cities ; and when the Virginia and Tennessee Eailroad, the Richmond and Danville Railroad, and the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad are fin- ished, they will be at once connected with a net-work of rail- roads through North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, on the one hand — and Tennessee, Ohio, Kentucky, Alabama, Mis- sissippi and Louisiana on the other. It is certainly a source of pride to know that we have quietly effected so much. Specula- tion would be at fault in estimating the trade that must follow the completion of these works. The rapid increase of our cities will be one certain effect, while the appreciation of real estate, and the profits of every industrial pursuit, will be in- creased. At the same time the heart of the patriot will rejoice that this acquisition of strength, wealth, population and power must result in restoring the South to her former position in the Union, and may render that Union, as bequeathed us by our forefathers, more stable and firm — its obligations every where observed, and every where sustained and beloved for the bene- fits conferred upon its citizens. Georgia has now 1,000 miles of rail-road — South Carolina is extending her iron arms in every direction, and in two or three years every part of the State will be provided with rail- road facilities. North Carolina has giant schemes on foot, which she is prosecuting with a giant's strength. Tennessee will soon extend the Virginia railroad, and the railroad extending 136 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GEORGE J. SUMNER, IMPORTER AND DEALER IN iiii ill IMfi wESSBO BD!h X^ X C:? E3C 33^1 O TO- 3D . SOLE AGENT FOR THE SPi!l\GDALE STO\'E WARE FAIITORI. JAMES D. B. EVANS, No. 117 West Main Street, Richmond, IMi'OllTER AND DEALER IN BKiTAiilA WAKE, FLU30 & SSMK LAiTO, CHANBEIjISRS AMD GIRAMDOIiES, Mantle, Toilet aad Pier Looking Glasses, Looking: Glass Plates, &c. Particular attention paid to Packing. stone "Ware at Factory Prices. JOHN F. REGNAULT, AIN STRSET, HAS IN store: FRENCH AND AMERICAN PAPER HANGINGS, Borders, Views, Fire Screens, Curtain Paper, &c. Satin De Laines, Brocatelles, Lace Curtains, Gimps, Loops, Tassels, Cords, Cornice, Bands, Window Shades, &-c. Curled Hair, and Husk Mattrasses, Feather Beds, Loung- es, Ottomans, &c. Velvet, Tapestry, Brussells, Ingrain, Venetian and Common Carpetings, Floor Oil Cloths, Can- ton and Cocoa Mattings. Every description of Paper Hanging and Upholstery executed with neatness and dispatcii, in Town or Country. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 137 from Charleston and Savannah, to Chattanooga, to Memphis, on the Mississippi. Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana are seek- ing connections with these roads, and soon we shall see the South more highly improved by railroad facilities than the North, owing to the level nature of the country and the cheap- ness of labor and materials in the South. Charleston alone is moving, with far-seeing sagacity for this increased trade. We feel pride and pleasure in her means, and we heartily hope she may prosper in her former enterprise to establish direct trade by means of ships and steamers, owned by Southerners. We believe there is space enough, and a back country sufficiently ample, if we are true to ourselves, to secure the prosperity of all our Southern towns ; and their prosperity, so far from caus- ing us to fall, will but add to our own prosperity. But how can the people of Virginia hope to contend with Charleston in the generous competition for this trade, unless equal facilities are provided in our harbors for shipping directly to Europe ? If we pause in the contest, the trade will have been fixed in the direction of Charleston, and we may strive in vain to regain what is strictly our own. To illustrate the advantages to be anticipated, we may refer to the enlightened and enterprising commonwealth of Massa- chusetts. The large expenditures made for the construction of railroads, and the results of that system, have there vindicated the wisdom which dictated it. In that State the length of railroads in 1840 was 433 miles ; it is now 1,033. The value of property in the several coun- ties of the State has increased from $299,878,329 in 1840, to $590,531,881 in 1850 — an increase in the value of property during ten years, of $290,653^552, or about one hundred per cent. In Boston, which is the centre of the whole system of Mas- sachusetts railroads, the following result is obtained : Population. Wealth. 1840 171,992 $120, 114,574 1850 269,874 266,646,844 Showing an increase of 60 per cent, in population, and 140 in wealth. Looking at the commercial returns of our own ports, the sea- ports of Virginia do not appear to have increased with that ra- 18 138 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CHARLES STEBBINS. BENJAMIN K. PULLEN. STEBBINS & PULLEN, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN EARTHENWARE, CHINA AND GLASS, Pier, Mantle and Toilet Looking Glasses, Britannia and Plated Ware, Gas Fixtures, Lamps, Casters, Table Cutlery, &c. IRON FRONT BUILDING, No. 101 Broad Street, Corner of 9th Street, Particular attention paid to Packing. eBNmiTT & J.&ICBS ¥Af ■ m m am 14 Main Street; Bagle Square, Have on hand a large assortment of all articles embraced in our OF SUPERIOR MANUFACTURE, SILVER TEA SETS, in whole Sets, or single Piec.s, Silver Pitchers, Goblets, Cups, Spoons and Forks, Soup Ladles, Butter Knives, Dessert Knives, Fish and Pastry Knives, Plated Forks, Spoons, &c. WATCHES repaired by experienced workmen. Old Gold and Silver exchanged for new. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 139 pidity which the general prosperity of the State would indi- cate : indeed, our direct imports appear to have diminished. These unfavorable indications are, however, contradicted by the positive gain in the assessed value of real estate, and by the increased value of subjects of taxation within the State. The stagnation of our commerce is to be attributed to physical obstacles which seiDarate the productive interior from our sea- board, whilst the enterprise of other States and cities has ac- tually constructed improvements for the mere factorage of our produce, which we would not undertake for the positive in- crease of the fee simple value of the property, and the exclu- sive commerce of its enhanced products. It is thus that towns in Western Virginia have sprung uji, manufactures have been established, minerals have been made available, agricultural produce has been created, all of which seeks a market in the cities of Cincinnati, New Orleans, Phila- delphia and Baltimore ; whilst even Savannah, in Georgia, has participated in those productions of Virginia, which could not have paid the cost of exportation eastward to the Chesapeake cities of Virginia. The cities enumerated have supplied the Valley and Western Virginia with merchandise in exchange for its productions. The commerce of Virginia, like some foun- tains choked up and neglected, cheers with its shattered stream- let every region except that to which its free and fertilizing current would naturally and gladly have directed itself. We cannot make this valuable, though dispersed trade, the subject of exact estimate. It is reflected in the increased pop- ulation and taxable resources of the State, so lately the sub- ject of elaborate exposition in the constitutional convention. We select, however, for illustration of its value, and of the obstacles which impede its exportation, the trade on the Mo- nongahela. This river has been improved by lock and dam, so that steamers can ascend probably within the limits of Virgin- ia. Its trade will compare favorably with that of many rivers in Eastern Virginia ; yet the natural line of exportation of its products, is by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, the Gulf of Mexico, and coast of the Atlantic, to the markets of the East, or to Europe. The aggregate line of water transportation from Clarksburg, in Harrison county, to New York, is not less than 4,000 miles. The time employed is not less than 90 days ; 140 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. FOURTEEMXe STREET, (OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE HOTEL,) IE © [Kl [Ml © Ir^ 0) 3 Keeps constantly on liand a desirable assortment of Cloths, Cassimbres, Vestings, Stocks, Handkerchiefs, Gloves, Suspenders, Scarfs, Umbrellas, &c. AHiiiAai an JSk- T'OhJ -SLB MEKCHANT TAILOE, isro- ISO, Corner of Main and 13th Streets, Ii€]S O 3?a" 3E3 3E=» H. X <0 3E3 O KT Ij T?" D. H. SMITH. W. H. MADDUX. SMITH & MADDUX, i\o. 5 Se^CMOE PEACE, EAST OF SHOCKOE WAREHOUSE, [^ a © [H] [Ml© IN] P a (LATE SMITH & MARVIN,) No. 114 MAIN STREET, 9 123. a (^ IM2. TSiO. CS> S^J SS> o GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 141 yet the direct line of transit to the Chesapeake, would not ex- ceed 400 miles, whilst the time in reaching market might be reduced to a few days. Baltimore is providing a means of di- rect transit to accommodate this region of country, much of which has heretofore traded with Philadelphia; but after Bal- timore shall have loaded her vessels with this product of Vir- ginia, and supplied in return the merchandise for its consump- tion, she will be compelled to send it within the territory of Virginia for exportation to the outlet of the Chesapeake. A similar difference between the natural and artificial com- munication of that part of Western Virginia bordering on the Ohio river, and of the valley of the Kanawha with the Atlantic cities, will be found to exist, whilst a small portion of south- western Virginia sends produce to Alabama and Georgia, pur- chases groceries in New Orleans, and imports its merchandise through Charleston, South Carolina. Let it be remembered that this is a trade to be developed. The land is not a wilder- ness, requiring the life and labor of generations to reduce it to efficient production. The trade already exists ; it has grown up under obstacles. It has been driven from its natural outlets, to enrich a distant and foreign interest in other States. But the fact of its development under such disadvantages, proves that it may readily be secured, whilst the anxious interest of the whole West proves the alacrity with which it would co- operate in the regeneration of the commercial interest of the Virginia cities. There may be persons, however, incredulous that the trade of Virginia, now exported from northern, western and southern cities, can be directed to the ports of the Chesapeake. It will not be doubted that the greater portion of the products of the valley and western Virginia are destined for consumption in the northern States or in Europe. These products would adopt the most direct line of transit between production and consump- tion, but for the natural obstacles which intervene and condemn them to the tedious, tortuous and perilous navigation of the rivers and coast. The direct line of transit would pass through the Chesapeake ports of Eastern Virginia. So long as the route of the water-borne produce of Western Virginia was cheaper than any artificial line of direct transit, any attempt to divert that trade might have been hopeless. 142 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. ;D;3ii2tis;^s qi? o FOREIGN & DOMESTIC,DRY GOODS & M ANUFACTURJERS OF LADI ES CLOAKS MANTILLAS 'AC 1 N9 115 BROAD ST "^s. RICHMOND, VA. / ^C . HAKTWEI,!. . JOHN O.CHILEs/^ ® J. W. WATSON, ONE OF THE OLDEST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL IN THIS COUNTRY, Takes pleasure in calling the attention of the Public to his Large and extensive DAGUERUEIAN GALLERY, MAMMOTH SKY-LIGHT. With this advantage and the best assistants, besides his personal attention at all times, he flatters himself that he is prepared to execute Pictures in a manner that cannot be surpassed in the United States. GOLD LOCKETS, PINS, FANCY FRAMES, CASES, &c., always on hand, in which he will place pictures on very moderate terms. Persons are respectfully invited to call and examine a fine collection of specimens, whether they may wish pictures or not. J. W. TVATSON, First door above Mitchel & Tyler's Jewelry Store. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 143 The opinion that no railroad could succeed, unless it connected populous points by a short line, has been reversed by experience. Considering the railroad and locomotive almost as a revelation for the South, we may be pardoned for referring to the causes which are now producing through their agency such important social, commercial, and political results. Time has become an essential element in the value of merchandise and staple pro- ductions. No producing region, and no mercantile community can adopt a slow and circuitous delivery in competition with others producing or vending the same articles with greater fa- cilities of transportation than themselves. Travel and postal communication now tolerate no delay or impediment. It is im- possible to present any formula to show how far shortening the time of transit is equivalent to a positive reduction of freight. The telegraphic and express lines, every where well sustained, prove the estimated value of time to be very great ; though it varies of course, with the fear of competition, with the value of the commercial subjects, and with the relative importance of in- dividual transactions. But we see from the opening of the ar- tificial lines of Boston, New York and Philadelphia, that the commercial patronage of the interior is immediately transferred to the most rapid and direct lines of outlet and intercommuni- cation. It is thus that the great cities of the North have sev- erally penetrated the interior with artificial lines, until they have taken from the open and untaxed current of the Missis- sippi the commerce produced upon its borders. These great artificial outlets have been competing among themselves for the commerce of the interior, until they now offer not only supe- rior certainty, and reduced time of delivery, but they off'er upon many articles cheaper freights than the river and coast routes referred to. We copy from the New Orleans Crescent a notice of the reversing of the natural current of trade, resulting from the construction of the great artificial lines referred to : " For years past cotton has gone up the Ohio River from Ten- nessee, through the Pennsylvania and New York canals, to all the factories in the interior of these States, and often the cities of Philadelphia and New York. We recollect, last September, of one shipment of upwards of seven hundred bales, shipped from Louisville, via the Ohio and New York canals, to New York city. The freights were less than by the way of New Or- 144 RICHMOND BUSINKSS DIRECTORY. OPPOSITE CAPITOL SQUARE, J. (FORMERLY AT JONES'S HOTEL, PHILADELPHIA,) PHOPRIBTOR. > ^ ^ ^ < This Hotel is the best located in Richmond^ being on Main street^ near the Banks, opposite Capitol Square, and commanding a fine view of the city. Thankful for past favors, the proprietor respectfully asks a continuation of public patronage — assuring his friends that no exertions shall be spared to conduce to their com- f:;rt while at the 9) And to make it all that a First Class Hotel should be. BOARD, PER DAY, $2.00. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 145 leans, and the diiFerence in exchange and insurance was near two per cent, in favor of the northern route. " The amount of cotton that passed up the Ohio last year is estimated, by one familiar with the trade, at sixty thousand bales. This season, nearly all the boats from the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, bound up the Ohio Kiver, are freighted more or less with cotton. The packets between Memphis and Louisville and Cincinnati^ of which there are several lines, take cotton up the rivers nearly every trip. '' The quantity of tobacco that takes its course up the River from the lower Ohio, for the Eastern markets by northern routes, is rapidly increasing. That raised in Ohio and Ken- tucky, above Cincinnati — and among the latter, the celebrated Mason county tobacco — nearly all goes by the way of the canals to the Eastern markets. By a statement recently published, the diiference in the cost of transportation from Louisville to New York is four to five dollars per hogshead in favor of the northern route, while the article escapes the sweat which it un- dergoes on shipboard while passing through our latitudes. " Grain is now carried from the Wabash to New York by the canals, at the same cost of freight as is charged by the way of New Orleans ; but by the northern route they incur no waste, no risk of damage by heating, and save the whole cost of sack- ing, for it is carried in the bulk, and the same number of meas- ured bushels are delivered in New York as are received on board the canal boat from the shipper. The lard, pork and flour from the same region are taking the same direction. Last autumn the rich regions of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois were flooded with the local bank-notes of the eastern States advanced by the New York houses on produce to be shipped by them by the way of the canals in the spring. " These moneyed facilities enable the packer, miller and spec- ulator to hold on to their produce, with the opening of naviga- tion in the spring ; and they are no longer obliged as formerly to hurry off their shipments during the winter by the way of New Orleans, in order to realize funds by drafts on their ship- ments. The banking facilities at the East are doing as much to draw trade from us as the canals and railways which eastern capital is constructing. " All the lead from the upper Mississippi now goes East by 19 "~ 146 PORTSMOUTH BUSINESS DIRECTORY. RAIL ROAD CAR WORKS, i^ortrrsivtoxTTia:. fmimz Fiisii§is .i^]Nrx> EXPRESS CARS, 'giirkotj Oralis ILiMimalboir & Msiinidl (Dsii^^^ Manufactured at this Establishment, Of the best material, and in the most approved manner, with either Plate or Spoke Wheels and Axles, of Salisbury or other Iron. TRUCKS FITTED UP, OR am m wheels separaieli Will be furnished at the shortest notice and shipped to any part of the United States. Having extensive arrangements and superior facilities for Manufacturing at this establishment, orders will be received and Contracts made for Equipping Entire Eoads at short notice. JOHN A. GREEN, Proprietor. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 147 the way of Milwaukie. But the most recent and astonishing change in the course of the northwestern trade, is to behokl, as a friend tells us, the number of steamers that now descend the Upper Mississippi, loaded to the guards with produce, as far as the mouth of the Illinois River, and then turn up that stream with their cargoes to he shipped to New York via Chicago. " The Illinois canal has not only swei)t the whole produce along the line of the Illinois River to the East, but it is draw- ing the products from the upper Mississippi through the same channel ; thus depriving not only New Orleans, but St. Louis, of a rich portion of their former trade." To this we may add the fact, that cargoes of corn have been recently shipped from Iowa, down the Mississippi, along the Illinois canal, by way of the lakes, to the city of New York. The cause of this astonishing result may be thus explained. Artificial lines afford not only the most speedy means of transportation, but the unity and system of their administra- tion gives them great advantage over the efforts of individual enterprise. They have a basis of travel and mail monopoly, which enables them to discriminate in favor of any specific article of commerce, the factorage and financial results of which may be sufficient to generally indemnify them for the abatement of freight, whilst the revenue of the improvement is sustained by an increased charge upon business not subject to competition, or by the large amount of trade which they com- mand. These exclusive resources, rapidity, certainty and safety of transportation, with the power of discrimination, has ena- bled, these great lines to wrest from the Mississippi so much of its produce. To establish the capacity of artificial to compete with natu- ral lines, we publish the following tabular statement, showing the contest between New York and New Orleans for the trade of the Mississippi : New York and New Orleans in Western Trade. Population. Coal Trade. 1640 - 2,429,721 66,303,892 1850 3,093,813 156,397,929 An increase of 25 per cent, in population, and 150 per cent, in trade, by canals, in ten years. Prodxice of West received hy New York Canals. 1842 $22,751,013 1850 55,474,937 An increase of 145 per cent. 148 PORTSMOUTH BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Virginia Male and Female ISlLiiiaTi PITITUTi This Institution is now in successful operation under the supervision of The course of studies is extensive, thorough andpradical, espe- cial attention being given to MATHEMATICS and the NAT- URAL SCIENCES, while the Ancient and Modern Languages are by no means neglected. Students are prepared for any Col- lege, or any class in College, or may here complete an entire collegiate course. Seven eminent teachers devote their time to the management and instruction of the School, and occasional assistance is ob- tained from others. The Institution has the advantage of a commodious building, extensive Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus, Library, the most approved Boston School-room fur- niture, Cabinets of Minerals and Geological Specimens, Maps, Diagrams, &c. In the Female Department of the Institute, young Ladies have unsurpassed facilities for obtaining a useful education. Scientific subjects taught principally by Lectures. Are attended to by such as choose to join the Corps. Arms are supplied by the State. J^®"' For further information apply to the President. As the number of students is limited^ persons in the country should ascertain by letter if there is any vacancy, before leaving their homes. K B. WEBSTER, President. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 149 Produce of West received at New Orleans. 1842 $43,716,045 1850 96,897,873 Or an increase of 120 per cent.; or a comparative increase by New York, of 25 per cent, over New Orleans in Western pro- duce in five years 1 In the three years, 1848, 1849 and 1850, the receipts at New Orleans by river were 2,312,121 bbls. flour; at New York, 8,636,207 bbls. Pork :— New Orleans, 1,536,817; New York, 211,018 bbls. Beef :— 200,901 bbls. New Orleans ; New York, 264,072 bbls. Wheat :— New Orleans, 852,497 bushels; New York, 8,798,759. Corn:— New Orleans, 9,758,- 750 bushels; New York, 11,178,228 bushels. Bacon :— New Orleans, 135 millions pounds ; New York, 26 millions. Lard : — New Orleans, 293 millions pounds ; New York, 21 millions. Butter: — New Orleans, eight millions pounds; New York, 97 millions, &c. We have adverted to these well-established facts, and ex- plained the rationale of their operations to show that the trade of northern cities is derived by artificial ways from the great producing valley of the West. If this be the case — if produc- tions prefer the lakes, railways and the canals of the North to the river and gulf outlet — why should not the products of Western Virginia, which almost circumnavigate their own State, which pursue a distant, indirect and unsafe line of tran- sit, replete with every danger of river, cape and coast, prefer the direct communications through Virginia, and the more con- genial destiny of encouraging our own ports ? There is no reason. Their anxiety to complete these artificial outlets proves its practicability. All the vast aggregate of trade, now existing in Western Virginia, deBtined for Atlantic exporta- tion, may be safely added to that which we have already de- monstrated as subject to be employed in this great enterprise. We may safely say, that if all the existing commerce of Vir- ginia, for exportation, could be collected in her own Atlantic ports, it would not fall short of twenty millions of dollars, nor would her consumption of merchandise be less. Besides this, the very organization of commercial facilities would guarantee an immense accession of mineral and agricultural productions. In this connection, we must press upon all interested the in- dispensable importance of providing for the improvement of the James River, the common outlet of much of the Chesa- 150 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. NOAH WALKER & CO. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL ©MlTKia'KKg Mm[l[Kl®[iO '9 Corner of Main and Talbot Streets, N. B. The largest and best assortment of CLOTHING in the City, always on hand, which will be sold low for Cash. mii mmmm €) LEWIS SALISBURY, Nos. 58&60 MAIN STREET, ss* C3D 02. is^ cs:> i^ 5:^« The attention of purchasers is invited to his Stock of Furni- ture, which he is selling lower than any other house in the South. Every attention paid to this branch of our business, being constantly supplied with COFFINS of every description, Me- tallic, Mahogany, and other kinds. GEORGE W. FARANT & CO. J, No. 30 MAIN STREET, . MECHANICS' HALL, ]>J' O Zl. X^ O Xi IS.. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 151 peake trade. Its obstructions affect the trade of Norfolk, Eicli- mond, Lynchburg and Kanawha; and each of them is alike interested in securing the perfect navigation of this noble stream. Your committee have not chosen to awaken contro- versy by designating any particular mode by which this shall be done ; they are aware that if the interests now appealed to, shall be convinced of its paramount importance, the means will be readily devised for its accomplishment. The able and comprehensive report of Lieutenant Stansbury will prove the entire practicability of this work, and the moderate means to be employed in its completion. We may properly add to these resources, which are directly derived from Virginia alone, the products of the States con- nected with her, by the lines of improvement now under con- struction. Tennessee, and Kentucky, and North Carolina, will naturally find their most direct outlet through the Virginia and Tennessee, the Southside and Seaboard rail-roads, now un- der continuous and connected construction to the interior of the State referred to. The prosecution of the Canal or Central railroads, or the construction of a branch road into the Ohio Valley, will add much from those quarters; and but a few years will elapse before the perfected facilities will bring this great commerce to the legitimate ports of exportation. We will not enlarge upon the commercial results of extending these lines into the interior of the southwestern States, and the na- tional and international intercourse which will pour through Virginia, invigorating her local improvements, freighting her vessels, and filling her ocean steamers. It will be plain, upon investigation, that no cities South of Virginia have the com- mercial advantages of her own — none have the varied products the local patronage, the rapid communication with transatlantic cities. Enterprise is now doing all it can to shorten the line of ocean transit. In this the cities of Virginia cannot compete with Boston or New York for the transatlantic intercourse of the northwestern States ; but the mail and merchandise trans- portation, with the travel between the great southwest and the cities of Europe, belong legitimately to the Virginia ports of the Chesapeake, and will be certainly secured. In embarking in this contest her citizens and commercial cities have a high duty to perform; they must shake them- 152 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. % JOHN T. TOMPKINS, s -r^Sk. r«ftJ OBTB* XJr^X>E3:FL'T'^^:EiL3E5I=L, €HURCH STREET, IVORFOEK, Always on hand Mahogany, Walnut, Metallic and Stained Wood Coffins, &c. Orders from the Country promptly attended to. MILES P. BUTCHER, SUCCESSOR TO ROBERT DALRYMPLE, Keeps on hand and executes to order every de~ scription of Monuments, Tomb Stones, Grave Stones, &c. Of every description executed to order. East of Old Custom House, iril^E l\*JlTEn STREET, JVORFOEK, Made to order, Stocked, Repaired, or altered to Percussion. BELLS put up; LOCKS repaired; KEYS fitted; BRANDS and PUNCHES cut ; CANES and UMBRELLAS repaired, and all kinds of light Jobbing attended to by faithful and experi- enced workmen. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 153 selves of every sin of selfishness or of jsaloiisy. Thev must co- operate with a rivalry of devotion to the common cause. There should be no greater jealousy between Richmond and Norfolk than between Philadelphia and New York — yet, though sepa- rated from each other by a greater distance, the joint popula- tion of the two former cities is scarcely equal to a suburb of either of the two latter. There can be no incompatibility of interest in the harmony of these and other Virginia cities. Let them unite their patronage upon the great designs of in- ternal improvement, and upon the organization of a foreign commerce, and their destinies are established. Yet the competition will be intense. It will require energy, union and perseverance. The North has enterprise, ca})ital, experience ; the South possesses the world staples df cotton, sugar, tobacco, with an immense mercantile consumption. The prize is worthy the efforts of the most gifted intellect, or the most matured experience. It is a strife to be fought with wea- pons congenial to the enlightened humanity of the present age. It is a contest fraught with consequences scarce inferior to those which hung upon our first great struggle. Virginia has the deepest veneration for the Union, a cordial admiration of those sister States with whom she contends for her heritage ; but she cannot break the bread of dependence, or sink into the position of an inferior to those who w^ere her equals. If the commerce to which we have adverted be not utterly fabulous — if its capacities be not perverted by a mere intro- duction into our own cities — if the sons and brothers of those who subjected a wilderness to civilization, and gave an empire to freedom, Avho, braving a deadly climate and a desperate strife, planted the flag of Yorktown upon the Sierras of Mexico, be not utterly recreant to the instincts of their race, then must the glorious and peaceful triumph of commercial independence re- ward their patriotism and enterprise. The rewards of industry and of enterprise will be reserved to our own citizens, and the shameful tribute be abolished forever. The committee respectfully recommends the adoption of the following resolutions : Resolved, As the opinion of this committee, that lines of mail or other steamers, or other vessels, from Hampton Roads to some port or ports of Europe, ought to be established ; and 20 154 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. O-RIFFIN BASHES' Nog. 132 and 37, CORNER OF Church and Union Sts. WOODTURNINGINALLITS BRANCHES TEBS AND BUILDERS From the Country and neighboring Towns will find it to their interest to call before purchasing elsewhere, as all orders received by me will be PBOllPTlY ATTENDED TO AND MEATLY EXECUTED. JOHN D. COUPEK, CORNER OF /^am^ MAIN AND GRANBY STS. OPPOSITE NEW CUSTOM HOUSE, HP [If Til FOE VAKIOUS PUEPOSES, Executed wifh faithfulness, and on acccmmodating terms. ALWAYS ON HAND AND MADE TO ORDEK. Orders from the Country promptly attended to. G. F. ANDERSON. W. D. REYNOLDS. ANDERSON & REYNOLDS, AND No. 10 ROANOKE SQUARE, Special attention given to the sale of Flour, Grain and all other kinds of produce. AB GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 155 Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee,. Kentucky, and such other States as are disi^osecl to aid in the enterprise, shoiikl be ap- pealed to ; and an appeal should also be made to Congress to bestow upon such line the same mail facilities which are ex- tended to tlie northern lines ; and the bars which now obstruct the navigation of James River should be removed. Besolved, That committees be appointed to memorialize Con- gress and the Legislature of Virginia, and to prepare an ad- dress to the public, upon the subject aforesaid, and the great importance to the people of Virginia, and the South generally, that they should conduct their own trade directly on their own bottoms, and Avith their own men and means. Resolved, that lines of jjacket-ships, screw-propellors, or mail steamers, ought to be established between the exporting cities of Virginia, and the West Indies and South America. Resolved, also, That the people of Virginia be requested to hold meetings in their several counties, cities and towns, to effect the object of the foregoing resolution ; and that to tliis end it be recommended to them to adopt some organization by the appointment of standing and corresponding committees, or oth- erwise as to them shall seem best. Resolved, That the merchants of our Atlantic cities ought to import directly to our Virginia ports the productions of foreign countries used and consumed in this and the adjoining States ; and that it be recommended to the merchants of the interior, and the people at large, to aid them in this noble enterprise. a-A^ZETTEEIl. Abb's Valley, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Abingdon, a handsome town, capitol of Washington county, Virginia, is pleasantly situated in a valley between the main forks of Holston river, about 7 miles from each, 304 miles W. by S. from Richmond, and nearly 8 miles from the boundary of Tennessee. It is the most considerable and flourishing town in the S. W. part of Virginia. The situation is elevated, the town is well built, and the princiiml street is macadamized. It contains 6 churches, 2 academies, 2 ju-inting offices, and manu- 156 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. S^^^^!f^ .Jirx«^«v£^^^J^5mS«^&S3yH* §T?®W1§ HOT-AIR Furnaces, Of all kinds, for all purposes. GUTTERS &. PIPES FOR Bl'ILDINGS. Block Tin, Tin Plate, Sheet Copper, Bar and Sheet Lead, Sheet Iron, &c. AND LA.MPS FOR USING IT. In store a hxrge and varied assortment of all kinds of Cop- per and Tin Wares, at whole- sale and retail, lower than any other estahlishment in Va. Copper Work for Steamers, Mills, Distilleries, &c., &c., ex- ecuted in the best manner, with due regard to the steam pressure. Shower Baths and Bathing Apparatus, of all the Newest and most ap- proved Patterns. Commerce Street, near Main, Norfolk, FRESH PICKLiED AND SPICED OYSTERS, Of the best quality, put up to order at the shortest notice. MRS. FRANCES HARMANSON, Late Mrs. WILSON. d, per Week, .... $5 00 Dinner, 50 Day, . . . . 1 00 Supper, 25 2.") Lodging 25 STOVE FACTORY, ROANOKE SftU ARE. norfolk:va. Boa Brea kfast, b TV! IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN FINE LEVEH WATCHES, SHIP CHRONOMETERS, [D)fl^^©5^Da An^ ©OLE) J][EW[1L[^Y, SILVER AND PLATED WARE, FANCY GOODS, &c. AD GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 157 factories of leather, saddles and harness. Abingdon is on the route of the great railroad which is in progress of construc- tion between Lynchburg on one hand, and Knoxville, Tennes- see, on the other, which, when finished, will form jiart of the most direct route from New York to New Orleans. Population about 1,800. Academy, a post-office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. Accomack, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering on Maryland, has an area of about 480 sqliare miles. It forms part of a peninsula which is washed by Chesapeake bay on the W., and by the Atlantic on the E. The county is about 48 miles long, and 10 miles wide. It comprises numerous low, sandy islands extending along the seacoast, one of which is 8 miles in length. The county was formed from Northampton in 1672, and the name was derived from a trilie of Indians who once frequented this region. The surface is level, the soil light and moderately fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, and oats are the staples. Capital, Accomack Court-House, or Drummond Town. Population 18,790, of whom 12,t)03 are free, and 4,987 slaves- Accomack Court-House, (DrUxMmond Town,) a small post- vil- lage, situated nearly in the centre of the above county, of which it is the capital, 193 miles E. by N. from Richmond. Population about 500. AcQUiNTON, a post-office of King William county, Virginia. Adaline, a post-office of Marshall county, Virginia. Albemarle, a county in the E. central part of Virginia, has an area of about 700 square miles. The James River forms its south- ern boundary, and it is drained by the Rivanna and Hardware rivers, affluents of the James river, which rise by several small branches in the W. jmrt of the country. The Blue Ridge forms its N. W. boundary, and a ridge called South-west Mountain, or Carter's Mountain, extends across the county in a N. E. and S. W. direction. The surface is beautifully diversified, and the scenery in all parts of the THOMAS J E F F E E S N, Born April 2(1, 1743. 158 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. SAMJJEL R. BROWN, WILLIAM McCLEAN. BUOWN & McCLEAN, 1 No. 11 WATER STREET, NORFOLK, ENGLISH, SWEDE, AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN 3 Anvils, Bellows, Vices, &c., manufacturers of Farming Implements, Horse Power Machinery, &c. Every article connected with the Iron and Agricul- tural Implement business, is kept by us and for ?ale at Manufacturers' prices. Our Catalogues may be had by mail or otherwise, by applying at the Depot. C. E, GREENWOOD, No. 2. West Wide Water Street, Has on hand an extensive and well selected stock of JI 9 '2 ^i^^^^^^9 SILVER WARE AND FANCY GOODS, To which he is constantly adding by fresh selections of the latest styles of goods from the first importing houses at the North. His present stock em- braces, in part, gold and silver hunting and open faced patent lever watches, duplex, anchor lever and cylinder watches, gold breast pins, finger rings, ear rings, bracelets, lockets, chains, slides, studs, &c. Strict personal attention paid to the repairing of fine watches, clocks, jewelry, file , at moderate charges. AL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 159 county is exceedingly picturesque. The soil of the valleys and river bottoms is remarkably fertile, and a large portion of the highlands is susceptible of cultivation. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, tobacco, wool, and butter are the staples. In 1850 it produced 798,354 bushels of corn ; 278,575 of wheat, 191,549 of oats; 4,328 tons of hay; 1,456,300 pounds of tobacco, and 164,882 pounds of butter. The produce of corn was greater than that of any other county in the State. It contained in that year 44 churches, and 4 newspaper establishments. There were 550 pupils attending public schools, and 465 attending academies and other schools. The Eivanna river is navigable in the eastern part of the county, which is intersected by the Central railroad of Virginia, lately constructed, while the James River Canal passes along the South border. Albemarle is among the most populous and highly cultivated counties of Virginia, and is distinguished as the native place of Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, whose resi- dence, Monticello_, is beautifully situated 3 miles S. E. from Charlottesville, commanding a magnificent view of the dis- tant mountains, and of the Jiivanna river, which flows in the immediate vicinity. Capital, Charlottesville. Population, 25,- 800, of whom 12,462 were free, and 13,338 slaves. Aldie, a small post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, on Little river, 149 miles N. from Richmond. A slackwater navi- gation is in progress of construction, which will extend from this village to the Potomac, a distance of 17 miles. Alexandria, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, border- ing on the Potomac river, opposite Washington City, has an area of about 36 square miles. The surface is hilly ; the soil thin. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and hay are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 28,380 bushels of corn ; 6,238 of wheat; 6,312 of oats; and 412 tons of hay. There were 1 cotton factory, 1 grist mill, 2 iron foundries, 1 tannery, 2 chan- dleries, and 2 agricultural implement manufactories. It con- tained 12 churches, and 3 newspaper establishments. There were 619 pupils attending public schools, and 304 attending academies or other schools. The Potomac is navigable for large ships on the border of the county. The Orange and Al- exandria railroad terminates at Alexandria, the capital of the county ; and a canal has been made from that city to George- 160 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Premium Awarded by the Seaboard Agricultural Society for the best Manufactured Tin- Ware, for 1853 and 1854- S. R. SMALL & CO. Tin, Copper & Sheet Iran Manufacturers, i AND DEALERS IN iSHiPIIi; imiS, EDCI III ii BWAIIIi ME. Job Work of every description faitlifully executed, sucli as Roofing, Gutters and Pipes for buildings. Copper Pipes for Steamboats, Steam Mills, &c. STOVES. — A large variety for Cooking and Warming pur- poses, of the newest and most fashionable patterns. BATHING APPARATUS in great variety, comprising tbe largest assortment ever before introduced in this City. For Churches, Hotels, &c.. Pipes of Block Tin, Lead, Copper or Zinc, Sheet Lead, Bar Lead, Bar Tin, Tin Plate, &c. CI§TEKr¥ AMS> ^WELL PtJlYlPS, ALli SfiZES. Workmen sent to any part of Virginia and North Carolina to execute work, which we warrant to give satisfaction. "WILLIAM LA'WS & CO. No. 9 CAMPBELL'S WHARF, [r^ © [^ IF © L [}C o ^^ All kinds of Country Produce taken in exchange for Goods, or bought for Cash, or sold on Commission. Orders from the Country respectfully solicited and punctually attended to. AL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 161 town, District of Columbia. Population, 10,008, of whom 8,626, were free, and 1,382 slaves. This county formerly con- stituted a part of the District of Columbia. It was retroceded to Virginia during the Congress of 1845-6. Alexandria, a city port of entry and capital of Alexandria county, Virginia, on the right bank of the Potomac, 7 miles be- low Washington. Lat. 38° 49' N., Lon. 77° 4' W. The river, here one mile wide, forms a commodious harbor^ sufficiently deep for the largest ships. The city is pleasantly situated on undulating ground, with a fine view of the capitol at Wash- ington and of the broad Potomac. The streets cross each other at right angles, and are generally well paved and lighted with gas. The public buildings are a court-house and about 12 churches. There are 3 banks, 2 newspaper offices, and several excellent schools. The water of the river has recently been in- troduced into the city by means of machinery. A considera- ble amount of shipping is owned here, in which corn, tobacco and stone coal are exported. A canal has been opened to Georgetown intersecting the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, and a railroad 90 miles long extends from this city to Gordonsville on the Central railroad. These improvements were finished in 1852, and have attracted considerable trade to this port. The manufacture of cotton cloths has recently been introduced here, and is carried on quite extensively, a number of mills being in successful operation. Population about 5,000. Allbright, a post-office of Preston county, Virginia. Alleghany, a county situated a little S. W. from the centre of Virginia, has an area of about 500 square miles. It is in- tersected by Jackson's river, which unites with the Cow Pas- ture river on the E. border, to form the James river ; and it is also drained by Potts and Dunlap creeks. The main Alle- gliany chain forms its boundary on the N". W.; a ridge called Middle Mountain extends along the S. E. border, and the Warm Springs and Peter's mountains extend across the middle of the county. The scenery of this county is remarkably fine, particularly at the passage of Jackson's river, through one of the mountains. The soil of the valleys is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 88,426 bushels of corn ; 16,937 of wheat ; 42,210 of oats ; 1,211 tons of hay, and 29,712 pounds of butter. 21 162 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. M. A. SAinX)S & SON, Have Constantly on Hand an Extensive Supply of Perfumery, Looking Glass Plates, Window, Coach, and Hollow Glass, Glue, Sand Paper, Chewing Tobacco, SnufF, Garden, Flower and Grass Seeds, Surgeons' In- struments, &c. PRINCIPE, HAVANA, PLANTATION AND HALF SPANISH^ MANUFACTURERS OF Genuine Blistering Plaster, Myrtle Tooth Wash, Persian Hair Oil, Improved Indelr ible Ink, Permanent Blue Ink, Superior Cologne Water, Whooping Cough Syrup, Syrup of Sarsaparilla, U. S. B., Fluid Extract of Buchu, &c. Agents fur Sarsaparilla Preparations and nearly all Patent Medicines. Dealers in Garden and Grass Seeds, Exotic Plants, Evergreens, Trees, &c. gW° Country Storekeepers, Druggists, and Physicians supplied at low rates. w. p. HT &. O Wlkffllosal® aimdl IE©4aE ID)®®l®ffs FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC Gl 0) ®) nia No. 25 MAIN, AND No. 17 HILL STREET, NORFOLK:. Orders punctually attended to. THOMAS LE"WIS, FASHIONABLE READY MADE NEXT DOOIfi TO WALTER'S HOTEL, MAIN STREET, NORFOLK. We have on hand a large and well selected stock of Coats, Pants, Vests, Linen Bosom Shirts, Netted Shirts and Draws, Gloves, Suspenders, Stocks Handker- chiefs, Umbrellas, Canton Draws, Collars, Bosoms, Socks, Sac, &c., all of which WILL BE SOLD LOW FOR CASH. N. B. Clothing made to order at the shortest notice. AM GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 163 It contained in that year 2 iron furnaces, 2 forges, 2 flour mills. There were 10 churches, 153 pupils attending puljlic schools, and 30 attending an academy. Iron ore is found in the county. The James River canal is designed to terminate at Covington, the county seat. A railroad is projected from this point to the Ohio river at Guyandotte. The Red Sweet Springs of this coitnty have some celebrity, and have been finely improved. Capital, Covington. Population, 3,515, of whom 2,821 were free, and 694 slaves. Allen's Creek, a post-office of Amherst county, Virginia. Alpine Depot, a post-office of Morgan county, Virginia. Alto, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia. Alum Rock, a post-office of Alleghany county, Virginia. Alum Springs, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. Amacetta, a post-office of Wayne county, Virginia. AxMBler's Mills, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia. Amelia, a county toward the S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 300 sq[uare miles. The Appomattox river forms about half of the boundary, inclosing it on nearly all sides excepting the south: it is also drained by Namazine Flat and Deep creeks. The surface is somewhat diversified ; the soil of the valleys is naturally fertile, but impoverished by long cultivation. A por- tion of the land has been ''turned out," and can be bought at a merely nominal rate. Indian corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, and butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 250,251 bushels of corn; 109,960 of wheat; 70,075 of oats; 1,786,788 pounds of tobacco, and 56,790 pounds of butter. It contained in that year 3 grist mills and 2 coach factories. There were 14 churches, 145 pupils attending public schools, and 61 attending academies or other schools. The county is intersected by the Richmond and Danville Railroad. Organized in 1734. Capital, Amelia Court House. Population, 9770, of whom 2951 were free, and 6819 slaves. Amelia Court House, a post-village, capital of Amelia county, Virginia, 47 miles S. W. from Richmond; contains very few dwellings. Amherst, a county in the S. central part of Virginia, has an area of 418 square miles. The James river flows along its S. W. and S. E. borders, forming in its course almost a right angle, and constituting about half of the entire boundary. The Blue 164 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. orfolk Fnrnitiire Depot, Ko. 34 Meclianics' Hall, Main Street, O'BRIEN & QUICK Respectfully solicit the attention of strangers visiting the city to their stock of Consisting of a well selected assortment of all articles suitable for the Parlor, Dining Room, Chamber and Kitchen, of good quality and city make, such as Sofas, .^ &^ ^ /^ v*^ Sideboards, Chairs, W^ltlUv^Jll/ <|SSF Sofa & Ex- Bureaus, "Wardrobes, Safes, Lounges, tension Ta- bles, Looking Glasses, Of all sizes and prices ; Cottages, French and high-post Bed- steads, Children's Chairs, — all kinds — Washstands, with and without marble, and other articles too tedious to enumerate. |I3^ We pledge ourselves to sell (articles being equal,) 5 per cent, less than any other establishment. AP GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 165 Eidge forms the boundary of the county on the N. W., and the surface is beautifully diversified by mountains and valleys. The passage of James river through the Blue Ridge is a sublime feature in the scenery of this region. The soil is naturally fer- tile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, tobacco, and butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 358,183 bushels of corn; 122,088 of wheat; 94,262 of oats; 948,261 pounds of tobacco, and 84,968 of butter. It contained 24 churches; 250 pupils attend- ing public schools, and 130 attending academies and other schools. A cana,l has been opened along James river, on the border of the county. The county was formed from Albemarle in 1761. Capital, Amherst Court House. Population, 12,699, of whom 6746 were free, and 5953 slaves. Amherst Court House, a small post village, capital of Amherst county, Virginia, about 15 miles N. by E. from Lynchburg. Amissville, a small post-village of Rappahannock county, Vir- ginia, 121 miles N. W. from Richmond, has about 75 inhabitants. Amsterdam, a post-village of Botetourt county, Virginia, 181 miles W. from Richmond, contains 1 brick church and several tradesmen's shops. Anandale, a post-office of Fairfax county, Virginia. Anderson, a post-office of Walker county, Georgia. Andrews, a post-office of Spottsylvania, Virginia. Angerona, a post-office of Jacjjson county, Virginia. Annsville, a small village of Dinwiddie county, Virginia, about 75 miles N. W. by W. from Norfolk. Anthony's Creek, a post-office of Grreenbrier county, Virginia. Appersons, a post-office of Charles City county, Virginia. Appomattox, a river in the S. E. part of Virginia, rises in Ap- pomattox county, and flowing in a general eastward direction forms the boundary between several counties on each side, passes by the city of Petersburg and enters the James river at City Point. It is a valuable stream for navigation, having a narrow and deep channel. Large vessels ascend to Petersburg, about 20 miles from its mouth, and batteaus to Farmville, j^erhaps 100 miles farther. The whole length is estimated at 150 miles. The navigation is good at all seasons for boats of 5 or 6 tons to Farm- ville. Appomattox, a county in the S. E. central part of Virginia, has an area of 260 square miles. It is bounded on the N. W. 166 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. ]Sr O ]R F O L K SEMlNARy FOR TODNG LADIES This Institution lias been recently established in this City, and is now in success- ful operation, and offers peculiar advantages to those young Ladies wishing to obtain a finished CLASSICAL, ENGLISH, AND ORNAMENTAL EDUCATION, bein^ provided with accomplished Teachers in every department, and every suitable facility, viz : A commodious School House, Recilalion Rooms, Maps, Globes and Reference Books, that every branch may be illustrated and fully understood. The Course of Study is as extensive as in any Female College. ai*^sa"a?aa^^^. Mrs. M. A. Southgate, Khetorio, Botany, &c. Miss Susan F. Smith, English Literature. Miss Delia H. Wynne, English Literature and Music. Mr. James Southgate, jr., Latin, Greek and Mathematics. Professor Geay, Modern Languages Professor W. F. Giabau, Music — Piano and Guitar. ■17 3BIFL3VES . Board and Tuition, per session of 5 months, $100 00 Washing, 7 .'iO Tuition In Literary Department, S.') Oi) "Academic " 20 00 " "Preparatory, " 15 00 French, Spanish, German and Italian, each, 10 00 Music on Piano, 25 00 Music on Guitar 20 00 Painting in Oil Colors, 15 00 Painting in Water Colors, 10 00 Grecian Embroidery and Worsted Work, 5 00 Use of Instrument, 2 50 AG GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 167 by the James river and canal, and drained by the sources of the Appomattox river, from which the name is derived. The sur- face is diversified by several small ranges of mountains, and covered with extensive forests. The soil is generally fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, hay, and butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 186,855 bushels of corn; 76,345 of wheat; 92,116 of oats ; 964,100 pounds of tobacco, and 83,299 of butter. It contained in that year 1 iron furnace, 5 flour mills, and 2 tanneries. There were 22 churches, 361 pupils attending academies and other schools. It is intersected by the South Side railroad, extending from Petersburg to Lynchburg, which is a source of much improvement. A plank road has lately been laid in the county. Capital, Clover Hill. Population, 9193, of whom 4394 were free, and 4799 slaves. Appomattox Depot, a post-office of Amelia county, Virginia. Aquia creek, in the E. part of Virginia, flows through Stafford county into the Potomac river, and is navigable for schooners several miles from its mouth. Aquia, a post-office of Stafford county, Virginia. Ararat, a post-office of Patrick county, Virginia. Arbuckle, a post-office of Mason county, Virginia. Arcola, or Gum Springs, a post-village of Loudoun county, Vir- ginia, 146 miles N. from Richmond, contains a few stores. Arnolton, a small village in the S. W. part of Campbell county, Virginia, about 110 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Ashland, a post-office of Cabell county, Virginia. Ashton's Mills, a post-office of Frederick county, Virginia. AsPENGROVE, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. AssAMoONic, a post-office of Southampton county, Virginia. Athens, a post-office of Caroline county, Virginia. Auburn, a post-office of Fauquier county, Virginia. Augusta, a county in the central part of Virginia, forming part of the Great Valley which extends along the N. W. base of the Blue Ridge. The area is about 900 square miles. The Shenandoah and Calf Pasture rivers arise in the county. The S. E. boundary is formed by the Blue Ridge; the surface of the valley is elevated and hilly; the soil is calcareous, and very pro- ductive of grain and grass. In 1850 there were raised 419,006 bushels of wheat; 505,800 of Indian corn; 250,026 of oats; 15,225 tons of hay, and 275,483 pounds of butter. The 168 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY NORFOLK CARPET WAR EHOOSE. WM. A. WALTEES, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in every variety of /l^ 1^ m f1^ fl3 ^ H HI /P^ @ iTh^§ (i Mattings, Upholstery Goods, and No. 26 MAIN STREET, NORFOLK. Has always in store, in their season, a large and choice assortment of Goods in the above line, to which he invites the attention of purchasers. JOHN T. REDMOND, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL _^jA_ TVkJ yajm No. 5 OA_]VEFB ELL'S ^VHA-RF, CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES Selected with great care, and offered at astonishing low prices for cash. Ship Stores carefully and promptly put up at short- est notice. IMPORTEE & MANUFACTURER OP :e=i. I de^ Xj es s. No. M UNION STREET, NOKFOEK. BA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 169 quantity of hay was greater than was produced in any other county of the State, except Eockingham county; and that of hutter greater than in any except Loudoun county. There were 41 flour and grist mills, 20 saw mills, 2 iron furnaces, 2 iron forges, 13 tanneries. It contained 41 churches; 745 pupils at- tending puhlic schools, and 226 attending academies or other schools. Fine limestone underlies a great part of the valley, and extensive heds of anthracite coal have been opened, A de- scription of the celebrated Weyer's cave of this county will be found under the head of Virginia. The Central railroad of Vir- ginia passes through this county and connects it with Richmond. Augusta county was formed from Orange in 1738. Capital, Staunton. Population, 24,610, of whom 10,557 were free, and 5053 slaves. AusTiNviLLE, a i^ost-office of AVythe county, Virginia. Avo, a post-office of Patrick county, Virginia. Aylett's, a post-office of King William county, Virginia, 28 miles N. E. from Richmond. Batchelor's Hall, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Va. Back Creek, in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises in Frederick county, flows northeastward through Berkely, and enters the Potomac about 10 miles N. from Martinsburg. Back Creek Valley, a post-office of Frederick county, Va. Bacon's Castle, a post-office of Surry county, Virginia. Baileysburg, a small post village near the S. extremity of Surry county, Virginia, about 50 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. Baker's Run, a post-office of Hardy county, Virginia. Balcony Falls, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia on James river, 153 miles, W. from Richmond. Ballardsville, a small post village in the K part of Boone county, Virginia, about 250 miles W. by N. from Richmond. Ballsville, a post-office of Powhatan county, Virginia. Banister, a river in the S. part of Virginia, rises in Pittsyl- vania county, and flowing in a south-easterly course, enters the Dan river in Halifax county, about 10 miles below the village of Banister. It is navigable by batteaus from its mouth to Meadsville. Banister, or Halifax Court-House, a flourishing post-village, capital of Halifax county, Virginia, on Banister river, 10 miles above its entrance into the Dan river, and on the Richmond 22 170 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. iiLLlHGlP'" PETERSBURG, JAMES S. GILLIAM, Proprietor. Situated in the centre of the business jwrtion of the City. Will be in waiting at the different Eailroad Stations and Steam- ers, to convey passengers to this Hotel. 1 H ^ (S MI^^IFfl 9 SYO^lVrORE STUEET, THOMAS W. EPES, Proprietor. O IMCr«Q"I IQ TJ s At all times in readiness to convey Passengers to and from the several Depots. W. E. MORRISON. T. E. MARABLE. S. J. MORRISON. MOEEISOH, MAEABLE & GO. ,^^:E:2r!:s;> COMMISSION MERCHANTS, Particular attention paid to the sale of all kinds of Produce. BA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 171 and Danville railroad, 120 miles S. W. from Eichmond. The situation is elevated and pleasant. Banister lias a very active mercantile business, in which a capital of $200,000 is invested. It is the terminus of three lines of stages. The Banister river is navigable for batteaus from its mouth to Meadsville, about 10 miles above the court-house. A rich mine of plumbago has recently been opened, 6 miles from this place. Population in 1853, about 1,600. Baptist Valley, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Barber's Cross Koads, a post-office of Isle of Wight county, Virginia. Barbour, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 330 square miles. It is intersected by Tygart's Valley river, a branch of the Monongahela, and also drained by Buchanan river and Elk creek. The western part is hilly and the eastern mountainous : a ridge called Laurel Mount, forms the E. boun- dary. The soil in many parts is good, and particularly adapted to pasturage. Indian corn, wheat, and grass are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 209,673 bushels of corn; 38,110 of wheat, 9916 tons of hay, and 14T,649 pounds of butter. It con- tained 19 churches, and 546 pupils attending public schools. Stone coal and iron are abundant. It was formed in 1843, from Harrison, Lewis, and Randolph, and derived its name from a distinguished family of Virginia. Capital, Philippi. Popula- tion, 9005, of whom 8892 were free, and 113 slaves. Barboursville, a small post-village, capital of Cabell county, Virginia, on the Guyandotte river, 7 miles from its entrance into the Ohio, and 352 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. The main road leading from the Virginia Springs to the Ohio river passes through this village. Population, about 250. Barboursville, a small post-village of Greene county, Vir- ginia, 76 miles N. W. from Richmond, has a pleasant situation, and contains several stores and mechanic sho2)s. Barbourville, a post-office of Orange county, Virginia. Barhamsat:lle, a post-office of New Kent county, Virginia. Barksdale, a post-village of Halifax county, Virginia, 132 miles S. W. from Richmond. Barnett's Mills, a small post-village of Fauquier county, Vir- ginia, on the Rappahannock river, 93 miles N. by W. from Rich- mond. 172 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. DAUGHTREY & HARRISON, (SUCCESS0E3 TO JAMES WILKINSON,) MANUFACTURERS OF FRUITS, JVUTS JlJrn JPERFUJfTERl^, IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC CIGARS, Willow Ware, German and French Toys of all Styles, CC1= Parties furnished on the most reasonable terms, and all orders neatly packed and promptly attended to. BOWIE & WRIGHT, TABB STREET, PETERSBURG, Keep constantly on hand, and man\ifacture to order, all kinds of MONUMENTS, TOMB-STONES, Furniture Marble, Mantles, &c. ALSO ALL KINDS OF EXECUTED TO ORDEK. I®* Orders solicited and punctually attended to. FmsT premium: IS Sycamore Street, next to Pannill & Sons, Has constantly on hand, of his own manufacture, and makes to order, all sizes, styles and prices of aasssaSs, ^siasTAaSs, sassssaSp Blank Books, Cash Books, Ac, neatly I'uled to any Pattern. Havino; obtained the FIRST PRI^E at the Fair of the Union Agricultural So- ciety of Virginia and North Carolinaj would solicit a continuance of the generous patronage heretofore extended to him. tCI^ Call and examine. Jforllurn Prices. BA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 173 Barracksville, a village of Marion county, Virginia, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Barry's Bridge, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia. Barter Brook, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. Basnettsville, a post-office of Marion county, Virginia. Bath, a county in the central part of Virginia, contains 725 square miles. It is intersected by the Cowpasture and Jackson's rivers, branches of James river. The surface is traversed by valleys and mountain ridges of the Alleghany chain, and dis- plays a profusion of magnificent scenery. The highlands pro- duce valuable timber and excellent pasture. The productions are corn, wheat, oats, hay, fruits, wool, butter, &c. Cattle and horses are exported. In 1850 there were raised 73,671 bushels of Indian corn; 17,502 of wheat; [42,676 of oats; 3853 tons of hay; 12,271 pounds of wool, and 36,120 of butter. There were 9 saw mills, 8 grist mills, 4 wool-carding mills, 2 agricultural implement manufactories, and 2 tanneries. It contained 6 churches; 70 pupils attending public schools, and 85 attending academies or other schools. Limestone and iron ore are abun- dant. Bath county derives its name from the numerous medi- cinal springs which occur in it. Capital, Warm Springs. The county was organized in 1791. Population, 3426, of whom 2479 were free, and 947 slaves. Bath Court House, Bath county, Virginia. See Warm Springs. Bath or Berkeley Springs, Capital of Morgan county, Vir- ginia, is situated about 3 miles from the Potomac river and Bal- timore and Ohio railroad, and 186 miles N. N. W. from Kich- mond. The Berkeley springs, which arise in the midst of this town, are esteemed very efficacious in dyspepsia, neuralgia, chronic rheumatism, &c., and are frequented by large numbers of invalids. The temperature is 74°. The accommodations are elegant, and sufficiently extensive for 700 persons. Bath Alum, a post-office of Bath county, Virginia. Bath Alum Springs, a fashionable watering place of Bath county, Virginia, situated at the eastern base of the " Warm Springs Mountain," 164 miles W. N. W. from Kichmond, and 6 miles S. E. from the Warm Springs. The proprietor has ex- pended above thirty thousand dollars in the erection of build- ings and other improvements. Bay View, a post-office of Northampton county, Virginia. 174 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. F. H. ROBERTSON. WM.F.SPOTSWOOD. JAS. J. TRAYLOR. F. H. ROBEETSON & CO. South-east corner of Bollingbrook and Sycamore streets, 533 Ls tp caa as ^ CB T:Er oa cs> © Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Foreign and Domestic DRUGS, MEDICINES, PAINTS, Oils, Dj'^e Stuffs, Perfumes, Soaps, Brushes, Fancy Articles, Window Glass, Garden Seeds, &;c. We are also Agents for Floor Oil Cloths. jl3^ Orders executed with accuracy, neatness and dispatch. R. O. BRITTON. BERNARD TODD. BENJ. HARRISON. BRITTON, TODD & HARRISON, GROCERS, COMMISSION AND Opposite JF'est Hili fVarehouse, Sycamore Street, APPOMATTOX IRON WORKS PETERSBURG, ^WILLIAMSON, WATKINS & CO. PROPRIETORS, Manufacturers of Railroad Equipment, and heavy Forgings and Castings. W^^TKIlSrS, SOI^ & CO. ©[I[^^[E[^/^L (D©[M]ii^DiiO©lN] [M][i^(DG^^[N]¥i, AND RAILROAD SUPPLY AGENTS, For the sale of Lubricating Oil, Steel and Rubber Springs and Trimmings. Also, Agents for the sale of Rails, Locomotives, Tools, Belting, &c. OFFICE— CORNER OP OLD AND SYCAMORE STREETS. BE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 175 Bealeton, a post-office of Fauquier county, Virginia. Beaty's Mills, a post-office of Marion county, Virginia. Beavek Creek, a post-office of Campbell county, Virginia. Beaver Dam, a post-offiee of Goochland county, Virginia. Beaver Dam Depot, a post-office of Hanover county, Vir- ginia. Beckley, a post-village, capital of Kaleigh county, Virginia, 210 miles in a direct line W. from Richmond. The county has a mountainous surface, and is very thinly inhabited. Bedford, a county in the S. central part of Virginia, has an area of 504 square miles. The James river forms its N. E., the Staunton its S. W. boundary, and Otter creek flows through the middle. The county has an elevated surface, and the scenery is delightful, the N. W. boundary passing along the summit of the Blue Ridge, which here attains in the Peaks of Otter the height of 5,307 feet above the sea. The soil is highly productive. Indian corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, and butter are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 602,362 bushels of corn ; 178,990 of wheat; 294,852 of oats, the greatest quantity pro- duced in any one county of the State, except Halifax county ; 1,955,436 pounds of tobacco, and 238,233 of butter. There were 5 tanneries, 14 flour, grist and saw mills, and 4 tobacco fac- tories. It contained 40 churches ; 638 pupils attending public schools, and 72 attending academies or other schools. The James River canal passes along the border, and the Virginia and Tennessee railroad passes through the county. Bedford county was formed from Lunenburg in 1763. Capital, Liberty. Population, 24,080, of whom 14,019 are free, and 10,061 slaves. Beeler's Station, a post-office of Marshall county, Virginia. Belle Haven, a post-office of Accomac county, Virginia. Belleville, a post-office of Wood county, Virginia. Bellfair Mills, a post-office of Stafibrd county, Virginia. Bell Point, a post-office of Giles county, Virginia. Bell Roi, a post-office of Gloucester county, Virginia. Bell's Cross Roads, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia. Bell's Valley, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia, 147 miles W. from Richmond. Belmont, a post-office of Loudoun county, Virginia. Bennett's Mills, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. Bentevoglio, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia. 176 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. SPENCER SCOTT. A. L. SCOTT. P. H. PORTER. G. A. KEEN. S. & A. L SCOTT & CO. F^SHIOlSr^BLE iESCHMTMiLiiS AND MANUFACTURERS OF ©lEMTnLIlMIlH'S ©]L@1PHM©, OF THE BEST QUAI.ITY, ^r.WHOLES/kLE & RETAIL CLOTHING BAZAAR. = f^^SYCkMORE ST. PEtERSBURC.VA .~^= No. 58 SYCAMORE STREET, MANUFACTURES T<^ ORDER AND KEEPS ON HAND •9 ^^^^^^^9 M .A. T T? I=L E! S S :n3 S , CARPETS AND RUGS, WII¥DOW BLII¥DS, SHADES, OIL CLOTHS, &c. g^ Orders for any article in his line, from town or country custom- ers, executed with dispatch. BE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 177 Bentleyville, a post-village of Halifax county, Virginia, on Staunton river, 115 miles S. W. from Kiclimond. Bentonville, a post-office of Warren county, Virginia. Bergen's Store, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Vir- ginia. Berkeley, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, bordering on the Potomac river, which separates it from Maryland, has an area of about 250 square miles. It is bounded on the S. E. by Opequan creek, and intersected by Back creek. It occupies the most northern part of the Valley of Virginia. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous, the soil of the valleys and river bottoms is mostly fertile. "Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, and butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 356,234 bushels of wheat; 171,686 of corn ; 50,531 of oats ; 6,667 tons of hay, and 157,850 pounds of butter. There were 24 flour mills, 11 grist mills, 14 saw mills, 1 paper mill, 1 railroad ma- chine shop, and 4 tanneries. It contained 30 churches, 550 pu- pils attending public schools, and 102 attending academies or other schools. Limestone underlies a large part of the county ; anthracite coal and iron are abundant. The streams furnish considerable water-power. The county is intersected by the Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad. Organized in 1772, and named probably from Sir William Berkeley, formerly Governor of Virginia. Capital, Martinsburg. Population, 11,771, of whom 9,815 were free, and 1,956 slaves. Berkley Springs, Virginia. See Bath. Berlin, a post-office of Southampton county, Virginia. Berry\^ille, a small town, capital of Clarke county, Vir- ginia, on Opequan creek, and on the turnpike from Winchester to Washington, 12 miles E. from the former, and 158 miles N- by W. from Kichmond. It has some trade, and contains an academy and 1 or 2 churches. Bestland, a post-office of Essex county, Virginia. Bethany, a post-village of Brooke county;, Virginia, on Buf- falo creek, 7 miles from the Ohio river, and 16 miles N. E. from Wheeling. The surrounding country is fertile and beau- tiful. The village is the seat of Bethany College, which was established in 1841, by Alexander Campbell, a Baptist min- ister. Bethel, a post-office of Mercer county, Virginia. 23 178 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. < m o BL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 179 Beverly, a post-village, capital of Kandolpli county, Vir- ginia, on the Tygart's Valley river, 210 miles K W. from Kichmond, is pleasantly situated in a valley among the Alle- ghany mountains. It has a few stores and shops. Bickley's Mills, a post-office of Kussel county, Virginia. Big Bend, a post-office of G-ilmer county, Virginia. Big Cedar Creek, a post-office of Grreen Brier county, Vir- ginia. Big Cole, a post-office of Boone county, Virginia. Big Glades, a post-office of Kussel county, Virginia. Big Island, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Big Lick^ or Gainsboro, a small post-village of Koanoke county, Virginia, 170 miles W. by S. from Kichmond. The Virginia and Tennessee railroad passes through it. Big Meadow, a post-office of Grayson county, Virginia. Big Otter, a post-office of Braxton county, Virginia. Big Skin Creek, a post office of Lewis county, Virginia. Big Springs, a post-office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. Birch Kiver, a post- office of Nicholas county, Virginia, 284 miles W. by N. from Kichmond. BiRCHTON, a post-office of Braxton county, Virginia. Black Face, a post-office of Nottoway county, Virginia. Black Heth, a post-office of Chesterfield county, Virginia. Black Kock, a post-office of Rappahannock count}-, Virginia. Blacks and Whites, a post-office of Nottoway county, Vir- ginia. Blacksburg, a post-village of Montgomery county, Virginia, about 200 miles W. by S. from Kichmond. Population, about 250. Blackshire's, a post-office of Marion county, Virginia. Blacksville, a post-village of Monongalia county, Virginia, 20 miles N. W. from Morgantown. The line between Vir- ginia and Pennsylvania passes through the village. It has a few stores, and about 100 inhabitants. Black Walnut, a small post-village of Halifax county, Vir- ginia, 138 miles S. W. from Kichmond. Black Water, a post-office of Sussex county, Virginia. Blackwater Kiver, in the S. part of Virginia, rises at the foot of the Blue Ridge, and flows eastward through Franklin county into the Staunton river. 180 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. A. O. McILWAINE. R. D. McILWAINE. K. A. MARTIN. .J. B. DUNN. McILWAIHE, SOH & CO. COMMISSIOI MERCHANTS, CITY GUH, EIFLE & PISTOL Manufacturing and Importing Warehouse. CHAELES" LEONAED, No. 15 OLD STREET, SIGN OF THE RiFLE. Merchants and Sportsmen can always find the largest assortment in the State of Double and Single Guns, Rifles, Pistols, Bowie Knives, importing Apparatus, Fish- ing Tackle, Walking Canes, Dia- mond Grain Powder, Cutlery and Fancy Articles of every description. N. B. All kinds of fire arms manufactured and repaired. 7 PETERSBURG, MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN PJAIN JAPANNED AND PLANISHED TIN IV ARE, stoves, Ranges and Hot air Furna- ces of the latest and most approved patterns ; !^heet Iron and Copper Ware, Force and Suction Fumps of any capacity. Always on hand. Tea and Coffee Urns, Chafing Dish- es, Oyster Dishes, Dish Covers, Tea and Coffee Biggins, Nursery Lamps with China Cup and Kettle, Sheet Lead, Zinc and Iron Coal Scuttles, Scales and Weights, Bath Tubs, Water Rams, Water Closets, Stationary Washstands, Lead Pipe— all sizes— Copper, Iron, &c. Also, Roofing, Guttering and Jobbiifflg. BO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 181 Blackwater Eiver, in tlie S. E. part of Virginia, rises in Prince George county, and flowing in a general S. E. course, falls into Nottoway river, near the boundary between Virginia and North Carolina, after forming the boundary between Southampton on the right, and Isle of Wight and Nansemond on the left. Block House, a post-office of Scott county, Virginia. Bloomery, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. Bloomfield, a post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 168 miles N. by W. from Kichmond, has a church and a few stores. Bloomsburg, a post-village in Halifax county, Virginia, about 116 miles W. S. W. from Norfolk. Blue Eidge, a j^ost-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. Blue Spring, a post-office of Smythe county, Virginia. _ Bluestone, a small river in the S. W. part of Virginia, rises in Tazewell county, flows north-eastward through Mercer county, and falls into the New river, 5 miles above the mouth of the Greenbrier. Blue Stone, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Body Camp, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. BoLiNGTON, a post-office of Loudoun county, Virginia. BoNBROOK, a post-office of Franklin county, Virginia. Bone Creek, a post-office of Ritchie county, Virginia. Boone, a new county in the W. S. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 525 square miles. It is bounded on the N. E. by Coal river, an affluent of the Kanawha, and also drained by Little Coal river and Laurel creek. The surface is hilly and mountainous, and mostly covered with forests. The soil in some j)arts is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, grass, and gin- seng are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 134,040 bushels of corn; 3,215 of wheat; 19,185 of oats, and 33,996 pounds of butter. There were 2 saw mills, and 1 coal-mining establishment. It contained 6 churches, and 171 pupils attend- ing public schools. Boone county was formed out of portions of Logan and Kanawha counties, and named in honor of Daniel Boone, the renowned pioneer of the West. Capital, Boone Court-House. Population, 3,237, of whom 3,054 were free, and 183 slaves. BooNE CouRT-HousE, a small post-village, capital of Boone county, Virginia, on the Little Coal river, 245 miles in a direct 182 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. HALSEY, TUPMAN & CO. IiATE B. F. HALSEY & Co. MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN FUKNISHING- GOODS, East side of Sycamore Street, R. W. HAREIS WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN (M Walking Canes, &c. &c. W. AUGUSTUS MUIR. SAMUEL STEVENS. MUIR &STEVENS, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN CHINA, EARTHENWARE Al G ij Pier, Mantle, and Toilet Looking Glasses, Cornell's Solar and Lard Lamps, SHOWER BATHS & WATER COOLERS, 'nifsiimdl(0)ll©§s) (D§is"il(B]r§s) & WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, Corner of Sycamore and Bollingbrook Streets, I^ETERSBXJUa. 5:^ Particular attention paid to Packing. BO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 183 line W. from Richmond. The surrounding country is very thinly settled. Boon's Mills, a post-office of Franklin county, Virginia, 184 miles W. by S. from Richmond. BooTHSViLLE, a village of Marion county, Virginia, with about 150 inhabitants. Booton's Tan- Yard, a post-office of Madison county, Vir- ginia. Boston, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. Botetourt, a county in the S. W. central part of Virginia, has an area of 550 square miles. It is intersected by James river, and also drained by Craig's and Catawba creeks. The Blue Ridge forms the S. E. boundary, and the surface is broken by other high ridges. The famous Peaks of Otter rise near the boundary between this and Bedford county. The soil in some parts is good. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 368,141 bushels of corn ; 121,694 of wheat; 154,063 of oats; 5,531 tons hay, and 140,885 pounds of butter. There were 6 flour mills, 5 saw mills, 3 iron furnaces, 2 iron foundries, 1 iron forge, and 1 woolen factory. It contained 21 churches, 428 pupils attend- ing public schools, and 62 attending academies or other schools. The James River canal has been opened from Richmond to Buchanan, in this county, which is intersected by the Virginia and Tennessee railroad. Organized in 1769, and named in honor of Grovernor Botetourt. Capital, Fincastle. Population, 14,908, of whom 11,172 were free, and 3,736 slaves. Botetourt Springs, a post-village in Roanoke county, Vir- ginia. Bower'S;, a post-office of Southampton county, Virginia. BowLESViLLE, a post-officc of Fluvanna county, Virginia. Bowling GtReen, a post-village, capital of Caroline county, Virginia, on the road from Richmond to Fredericksburg, 45 miles N. from the former, is situated in a fertile and healthy region. It contained 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 mills, and about 300 inhabitants. Bowman, a post-office of Marshall county, Virginia. Bowman's Mills, a post-office of Rockingham county, Vir- ginia. Bowyer's Knob, a post-office of Fayette county, Virginia. 184 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. NOAH VTALKER & CO. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL K. DEALERS IN SZXj^VJiSJrL MILITARY AND GOI.B9 SILVER, STEEL, ^JJfSS TORTOISE SHELL i^l€TA€&^-^ Of best qaality and in great variety. Glasses fitted to same. Ji@^ Particular attention paid to WATCH WORK in all its branches. CA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 193 BuEKESViLLE, a post-village of Prince Edward county, Vir- ginia, on the Kichmond and Danville railroad, at its junction with, the South Side railroad, 52 miles W. from Petersburg. Burlington, a small village of Koanoke county, Virginia. Burlington, a stnall village of Hampshire county, Virginia, on Patterson's creek, 205 miles N. W. from Richmond. BuRNERSViLLE, a post-offico of Barhour county, Virginia. Burning Spring, a post-office of Wirt county, Virginia. Burnt Ordinary, a post-office of James City county, Va. BuRNTViLLE, a post-officc of Bruuswick county, Virginia. Burwell's Bay, a post-office of Isle of Wight county, Va. Bush's Mills, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. Butcher's Store, a post-office of Eandolph county, Virginia. Cabell, a county in the W. part of Virginia, bordering on the Ohio river, which separates it from the State of Ohio, has an area of 448 square miles. The Guyandotte river flows through the county into the Ohio. The surface is uneven ; the soil partly fertile. Indian corn and oats are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 281,826 bushels of corn, and 44,912 of oats. "ftLere were 9 flour and grist mills, 9 saw mills, 4 wool- carding mills, and 4 tanneries. It contained 14 churches, 2*74 pupils attending public schools, and 20 attending an academy. The main thoroughfare from Richmond to the Ohio river passes through the county. Formed in 1809, and named in honor of William H. Cabell, governor of Virginia in 1808. Capital, Barboursville. Population 6299, of whom 5910 were free, and 389 slaves. Cabell Court House, a post-office of Cabell county, Virginia. Cabin Point, a small post-village in Surry county, Virginia. Cacapon, pronounced cap'on, or Great Cacapon, a river in the north part of Virginia, rises among the Allegany moun- tains in Hardy county ; flows through Hampshire and Morgan counties, and falls into the Potomac about 4 miles west from Bath or Berkeley springs. Its general course is N. N. E., and its whole length is estimated at near 140 miles. It flows through a mountainous region, abounding in iron and stone coal, and affords a copious supply of water-power. The Little Cacapon traverses Hampshire county, a few miles west from the river just described, and enters the Potomac 5 miles below the junction of the main branches of that river, 25 194 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. SHjTTESII T^ JES jo jA. Tj Awarded by the First Virginia Mechanics' Institute, IVoveniber 16, IS 51, ^ lllilb iililjiiuP ^illiujl 'IIIIUI'IUII 'I'llllllHIiiii 'iuiiuiui ''liiiiiiiii 'iiyii 151 MAIN STREET, EAGLE SQUARE, Ca IS CS 0£2 JSiQ C£> S2r l^i o Likenesses taken equally well in all weather, and from tlie smallest size to tlie size of life. Call and see the extensive eoUeetion of speeiniens, — anmnir tlieni are doiibtle.s.s many of your own friends. OSBORNE'S GREAT NATIONAL OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE BANK. Every department eonnected wUh this establishment has been fitted up in superb order. GILT CORNICES, -with our NATION'S STz\KS AND STlilPKS, ornament the many windows. The ladies' dressing room will be found lacking in nothing that will add to the comfort of the visiters. The floors are covered with beautiful carpet— the walls with rich satin paper. Portraits of all our eminent Statesmen adorn the walls— large Chandeliers ornament the place. The SKY-LIGIIT is the very best that can be built. The work-room is furnished with one of W. H. Lewis' Patent Buffing Machines. None can form an idea of this establishment without paying it a visit. All the proprietor asks is a call, to satisfy one and all that he has no need of self-praise, or need of humbugging the people with Jies!i-ii)iU,—ncl\.heT does he need to advertise to work for nothing. His motto is, fair prices and Ooodxcork. A. J. OSBORNK. 10^ One of NUNNS & CLARK'S PIANOS kept for the use of the ladies. CA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 195 Cacapon Depot, a post-office of Morgan county, Virginia. Cacaponvtlle, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. Ca Ira, a post-village of Cumberland county, Virginia, on Willis river, 60 miles west from Richmond, has a church, a flour mill, and a few shops. Calfpasture Rrv'ER, Virginia. See North River. Callaghans, a post-office of Allegany county, Virginia. Callands, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. Campbell, a county in the south part of Virginia, has an area of 576 square miles. James river forms its boundary on the North, and Staunton river on the South ; it is also drained by Otter and Falling rivers. The surface is hilly and broken, the soil generally productive. Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, oats, and hay are the staples. The uplands are partly covered with forests of the oak and pine. In 1850 the county produced 2,534,730 pounds of tobacco ; 339,267 bushels of corn; 100,500 of wheat; 167,254 of oats, and 2168 tons of hay. There were 36 tobacco factories, 1 cotton and woolen factory, 5 flour mills and 4 iron foundries. It contained 42 churches, 3 newspaper offices ; 344 pupils attending public schools, and 650 attending academies and other schools. Iron ore is found, and granite is abundant in the county. The James River canal passes along the northern border. The Virginia and Tennessee railroad, and the South side railroad, connect with each other at Lynch- burg, the chief town of the county. Organized in 1784, and named in honor of General William Campbell, an officer in the war of the Revolution. Capital, Campbell Court House. Pop- ulation, 23,245, of whom 12,379 were free, and 10,866 slaves. Campbell Court House, a small village, capital of Campbell county, Virginia, 130 miles W. S. W. from Richmond, and 12 miles S. from Lynchburg. Canicello, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. Cannaday Gap, a post-office of Floyd county, Virginia. Cape Charles, the southern point of Northampton county Va., at the entrance of Chesapeake bay, 25 miles N. N. E. from Nor- folk. The lighthouse is N. E. from Cape Charles, on the North end of Smith's Island, and shows a revolving light, about 65 feet above the level of the sea. Lat. 37° 3' N., Ion. 76° 2' W. Cape Henry, on the N. E. coast of Virginia, at the entrance of Chesapeake bay, on the S. side 12 miles S. by W. from Cape 196 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. BOOK AND STATIONERY WAREHOUSE. A. MORRIS, BOOKSELLER, STATIOIER & PUBLISHER, PIANOS, And other Musical Instru- ments, as well as FfflCy GOODS, PAINTINGS, ENGRAVINGS, &c. 97 IVIAIIV STREET, Has constantly on hand, and for sale at moderate prices, a gen- ^^' eral assortment of S) LAW, MBBlCAli, RELIGIOUS AND MISCELLA^NEOXJS BOOKS, In every department of L-iterature, Science and Art. S» TJ lO Xj I SJ XI Ein O I" CALL'S VIRGINIA REPORTS, [6 vols.] WASHINGTON'S REPORTS, [2 Vols.] TATE'S INDEX TO THE VIRGINIA REPORTS, TATE'S AMERICAN FOllIVl BOOK,— TUCKER'S COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF VIRGINIA,— ROBINSON'S PRACTICE, and other Law Books. CA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 197 Charles. Lat. 36° 56' K, Ion. "76° 4' W. On it is a fixed light, 120 feet above the level of the sea. Capeville, a post-village of Northampton county, Virgihia, on the E. side of Chesapeake bay. Capon Bridge, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. Capon Springs, a post office of Hampshire county, Virginia. Carlton's Store, a post-office of King and Queen county, Virginia. Caroline, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area of about 480 square miles. The Kappahannock forms its bound- ary on the N., and the Mattapony flows through the count3^ The surface is uneven ; the soil near the rivers is fertile. In- dian corn, wheat, and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 629,994 bushels of corn; 173,353 of wheat, and 663,155 pounds of tobacco. There were 42 flour, grist, and saw mills, 2 manufactories of coaches, 2 of agricultural imple- ments, and three tanneries. It contained 28 churches ; 616 pupils attending public schools, and 115 attending academies or other schools. The Federicksburg and Richmond railroad passes through the county. Organized in 1727. Capital Bowling Green. Population, 18,456, of whom 7795 were free, 10,661 slaves. Carroll, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, bordering on North Carolina, has an area of 440 square miles. The New river, or Kanawha, flows along the western border of the county, which is also drained by Reedy Island river and Chest- nut creek. The Blue Ridge forms its boundary on the S. E. Much of the land is rough and hilly ; the greater part, how- ever, is well adapted to grazing. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, horses, cattle, and swine are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 132,189 bushels of corn ; 11,578 of wheat ; 82,847 of oats ; 2,715 tons of hay, and 56,178 pounds of but- ter. There were 2 grist mills, 3 iron forges, and 3 tanneries. It contained 12 churches, and 900 pupils attending public schools. Copper, iron ore, and lead are found in the county. The Grayson Sulphur Springs, on the bank of New river, have some reputation as a place of summer resort. It is intersected by two new turnpike-roads. Organized 1842, having been pre- viously included in Floyd county. Capital, Hillsville. Popu- lation, 5909, of whom 5755 were free, and 154 slaves. 198 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. AUG. ANDERSON. ALEXIUS GEEENE. J. A. HAWES. AUG. ANDERSON & CO, MANUFACTURERS & JOBBERS OF if iiiw d mm §mm, AND o^ 3 ££? OS s^a cs;> :e:^ ::& o E. B. KEELING, 3MC E! n. O H -A. 3!«fir ^ TT-A-IIjOH., AND DEALSB IN GENTLEMEN'S 136 Main Street, 2d Door below 12th, SU !S IS !ffl ® 53 ID o Shirts, Collars, Bosoms, Stocks, Cravats, Dressing Robes, Ties, Scarfs, Hosiery, Gloves, Suspenders, Drawers, Under Shirts, Handkerchiefs, &c. Strangers and citizens gen- erally are invited to call and examine my extensive stock of fashionably made CLOTHIMG, Consisting of every variety of Made from goods of the bc»t importation and in the best and neatest style. Also on hand CLOTHS, DOESKIN CASSIMERES vEsracs- Of every description. CE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 199 Carrsville, a post-office of I. of Wight county, Virginia. Carter's Bridge, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 91 miles W. by N. from Eiclimond. Cartersville, a village of Cumberland county, Virginia, on the James river and canal, 47 miles W. from Richmond. It has 1 church, several stores, and about 50 dwellings. Cascade, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. Cassville, a post-office of Monongalia county, Virginia. Castle Craig, a post-office of Campbell county, Virginia. Castleman's Ferry, a post-office of Clark county, Virginia. Castleton, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. Catawba Creek, in the S. W. central part of Virginia, flows north-eastward through Roanoke county, and enters the James river in Botetourt county. Catawba, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. Cave Spring, a post-office of Roanoke county, Virginia. Cedar Bluff, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Cedar Creek, a post-office of Frederick county, Virginia. Cedar Fields, a post-office of Isle of Wight county, Vir- ginia. Cedar G-rove Mills, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Vir- ginia, 145 miles W. from Richmond. Cedar Hill, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. Cedar Mount, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. Cedar Point, a post-office of Page county, Virginia. Cedar Run, a creek in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises in Fauquier county, flows E., and unites with Broad run, near Brentsville, in Prince William county, forming the Occoquan. Cedar Spring, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. Cedarville, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. Central Plains, a post-office of Fluvanna county, Virginia. Central Point, a post-office of Caroline county, Virginia. Centre Cross, a post-office of Essex county, Virginia. Centreville, a post-village of Fairfax county, Virginia, 27 miles W. from Washington, contains 1 church, and a few stores. Population, about 250. Centreville, a small village of Monroe county, Virginia, on Indian creek, about 240 miles W. from Richmond. Centreville, a small village of Tyler county, Virginia, on Middle Island creek, 16 miles from the Ohio river, and 7 mile's 200 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. S. S. STEVENS' m CO JJ JJD SHOCKOE HILL, 3aS€]i]M(0)l]B>o IB® AMIDnM© AMIE) IS) AY mmOQlho This Institution occupies the splendid Mansion formerly owned by- Judge Mason, on the CORNER OF FRANKLIN AND ADAMS STREETS. The location is one of the most beautiful, convenient and healthy, in the city. The grounds and buildings are extensive, and afford the choicest accommodations adapted to the design of the Institution. The apartments are spacious and fitted up in a style of cheerfulness and comfort. The j course of Instruction pursued is extensive, embracing all the important ' branches taught in our best Seminaries. Experienced and accomplished teachers are secured in all departments. C. WALTHALL, Xji XT TUC IB :E3 FL AND Canal Street, bet^veen 6th and 7th, • [E D © [MI [Ml © INl P « ROYAL PARRISH, ceiiiaei iescmit, OFFICE, FEARIi STREET, IVEAR THE BRIDGE, REFERS TO THE MERCHANTS OF RICHMOND OENERALIiY. CH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 201 from Middlebourn, the county seat. It has turnpikes leading in several directions, and contains a number of stores. Chalk Level, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. Chambers' Mills, a post-office of Buckingham county, Va. Chambllssburg, a post-village of Bedford county, Virginia, 150 miles W. by S. from Kichmond. Chancellorsvillb, a post-village of Spottsylvania county, Vir- ginia, 76 miles N. by W. from- Richmond. Chantilly, a post-office of Fairfax county, Virginia. Chapmanville, a post-office of Logan county, Virginia. Charlemont, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Charles City, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, has an W. H. H ARTwISON. Born in this county, February 9, 1773. •JOHN TYLER, Born in this county, March 29, 1790. area of 184 square miles. James river forms its entire bound- ary on the S. and the Chickahoiiiiny on the K and E. The sur- face is rolling. Indian corn and wheat are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 178,940 bushels of corn, and 81,229 of wheat. There were six saw mills. It contain 13 churches, 92 pupils attending academies or other schools. James river is navigable by steamboats on the border of the county. Charles City was one of the eight original shires into which Vir- ginia was divided in 1634. It has given birth to two Presidents of the United States, Harrison and Tyler. Capital, Charles City Court House. Population, 5,200, of whom 2,436 were free, and 2764 slaves. • Charles City Court House, a post-village, capital of Charles City county, Virginia, 30 miles S. S. E. from Eichmond. 26 202 RICHMOJ^D BUSINESS DIRECTORY. MHS. PELLET'S ISro((€l Sireet, opposite the City HaU^ ScV ^ M Hi. LEFEBYM'S SCHOOL, (successor to JI 11 S . JI E A I) , ) Corner of Grace and Foushee Streets^ 3FL X c:? :e3: im: o kt 33 - ^ Board from October to July first $200 00 Washing do do 20 00 English Tuition do do 40 00 Modern Languages, each 20 00 Latin '-^0 00 Music on Piano, Guitar, Harp, each 80 00 Vocal Music 80 00 Drawing 20 00 Painting in Oil 50 00 N. B. The French language is spoken exlusively in the fam- ily of the Principal. — No extra charges. All letters to he di- rected to HUBEKT P. LEFEBVRE, A. M., Principal lOth Street, between Main and Cary, S a S H El © s , Is now prepared to execute orders for all kinds of plain and ornamental On the most reasonable terms. Also all kinds of BELLS made to order. N. B. Highest price paid for Old Metals. CH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 203 Charleston, ;iliand,s(3me post-town, capital of Kanawha county, Virginia, is situated on the North hank of the Great Kanawha river, at the junction of Elk, 60 miles from the Ohio, 308 miles from Richmond. The river at this place is about 300 yards wide, and is uavigahle for steamhoats 16 miles ahove. The principal thoroughfare from the S. W. to tlie Virginia Springs and Richmond passes through it; the great Railroad from Cov- ington to the Ohio river, when completed, will doubtless bring large accessions to its rapidly increasing trade and importance. Its principal street extends about two miles on the bank of the Kanawha. It contains a court house, a jail, a large number of stores, of all kinds, several steam mills, saw and flour mills, tan-yards, cooper shops, &c. ; 4 or 5 churches, schools, a branch bank, 4 hotels, a printing office, from which is issued the old and well established weekly paper, Kanawha Republican, and about 250 dwelling houses. Population, about 2000. The county courts are held on the second Monday in every month ; quarterly, in March, June, August, and Novem- ber. The district court of the United States is held here twice each year. The county around contains abundance of iron, coal, and salt springs. Charlestown, a flourishing })Ost-village, capital of JeiFerson county, Virginia, on the Winclicster and Potomac railroad, 168 miles N. from Richmond, 60 miles N. W. from Washington, and 8 miles S. W. from Harper's Ferry. It is surrounded by a fer- tile and beautiful region, which forms part of the Valley of Virginia. Colonel Charles Washington, a brother of General Washington^ resided at this place, and was the proprietor of the land on which the town is built. Charlestown contains 3 or 4 churches, 1 academy, 1 bank, and about a dozen stores. Population estimated at 1500. Charlotte county, in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 550 square miles. Stauton river washes its entire S. W. bor- der. The surface is uneven ; the soil is partly fertile and partly poor. Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and oats are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 3,868,040 pounds of tobacco ; 3*72,867 bushels of corn ; 85,653 of wheat; and 171,872 of oats. There was one tannery, besides some other establishments. It contained 25 churches, and 43G pupils attending public schools. The Richmond and Danville railroad passes through the county. 204 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 3xr o n 3P o Xj 151 NORFOLK This Institution of lecarning, established by KUTH S. KOBIN- SON, for the purpose of advancing tlie interests of female edu- cation, was oijened for the reception of pupils, January, 1845. It employs eight Teachers. Its course of study is compre- hensive ; it embraces a period of eight years. T E R M: B . The Tuition of the fust four years $32 00 The Tuition of the second do 50 00 Drawing 10 00 Painting in Water Colors 10 00 Painting in Oil Colors 20 00 Colored Crayoning 20 00 Wax Flowers 20 00 Shell Work 20 00 Vocal Music 10 00 Instrumental Music— Piano 40 00 Guitar 30 00 Harp 60 00 Use of Library 1 00 School-room expenses 1 00 Board 120 00 CH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 205 Formed from Lunenburg in 1794. Capital, Marysville. Popu- lation, 13,955, of wliom 496*7 were free, and 8988 slaves. Charlottes\t:lle, a flourishing town, capital of Albemarle county, Virginia, on the right bank of the Kivanna river, and on the Central railroad, 81 miles W. by K from Kichmond, and 123 miles S. W. from Washington. It is beautifully situated in a fertile valley, and is connected by railroad with Eichmond and other towns. One mile W. from the town is the University of Virginia, which was founded in 1819, under the auspices of Thomas Jefferson, and is endowed by the State. In 1852 it had 400 students, and a library of 18,000 volumes. An observatory is attached to this institution. Monticello, the residence of Jefferson, who was a native of Albemarle county, is 3 miles dis- tant. Charlottesville contains churches of the Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Baptists, and Methodists, 2 banks, and 4 news- paper offices. Population in 1853, about 2600. Chatham, a post-office of Smyth county, Virginia. Chatham Hill, a post-office of Smyth county, Virginia. Cheat Bridge, a post-office of Preston county, Virginia. Cheat Kiver, of Virginia, the largest affluent of the Mononga- hela, is formed by the junction of the Laurel, Glade, Shavers, and Dry forks, which rise among the Allegany mountains, near the northern border of the Pocahontas county, and unite in the N. central part of Kandolph county. Flowing thence N and N. W. through Preston and Monongalia counties, it enters the Monongahela at the S. W. extremity of Fayette county, Pennsylvania. It traverses a hilly country, abounding in stone coal and iron, and well adapted to grazing. It is navigable 40 miles above Kowlesburg, (on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad,) though not in the lower part of its course, and furnishes fine water-power at several places. Cherry Hill, a post-office of Brooke county, Virginia. Cherry Stone, a post-office of Northampton county, Virginia. Chesapeake bay, the largest bay in the United States, enters Virginia between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, lat. about 37° N., Ion. 76° W., and extends into Maryland as far as 39° 36' K lat., 76° 3' W. Ion. The length, following the curve, is about 200 miles ; the breadth varies from 4 to 40 miles. The distance from Cape Charles to Cape Henry is about 12 miles. Probably no other bay on the globe is marked with so many arms or es- 206 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CIIAS. II. EOWLAND. TIIOS. B. ROWLAND. G. WM. ROWLAND. * Commission Mercliants, riff o TE^ :f" o Xj des. . GBORGE I.. CROW'S WATEK STKEET, NOllFOlLIi, ROOFER, C P P E R S :\r I T n , I' L U ]\t B E R, & c . Copper, Tin, Japan, and Sheet Iron Ware, &c. A new anil superior article possessinii advantagos over all others, iu giving suftieient warnitli, a lull supply (if iinlninit air. produoing in the apartments warmed a delightfully agreeable ^atmosphere of sum- mer temi>eraturi', re<|'uiriiig liltle attention, easily reg- ulated, eonsmiHs lilllo tuel, very heavy and durable, and lower in price tlian anv. LATKOllE HKATKUS'.-ind other kinds put up at sliort niitice on mcider.'ite terms A WE"W AND SUPHRIOB. COOKIKTG HAUGE, Embracing all the modern improvements, emliracing I'.eanty, I)urai)ility and Economy in the use of fuel, with perfect efficiency in operation. The simiilicity of its construction, and tlie consequent facil- ity with which it is managed, partlcul.irlv commenSouth-wcst from Cape Henry the rivers, harbors, and sounds are shallow; but with the Chesa})eake com- mence deep bays which continue at no great distance from each other to the N. E. extemity of the Atlantic coast of the United States. The region drained by the Chesapeake bay, and the rivers flowing into it, embraces an area of about 70,000 square miles. Chesterfield, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 300 square miles. Tlie Appomattox river forms its whole soutliern/boundary, and the James river on tlie N. E. sep- arates it from Henrico county and Richmond city. The surface is uneven, and the soil inferior, except the river bottoms. In- dian corn, wheat, and oats arc the staples. In 1850 this country produced 333,938 bushels of corn ; 95,875 of wheat ; 116,690 of oats, and 218,562 pounds of tobacco. It contains 5 cotton factories, coal mines, and one iron foundry. There were 34 churches, and 567 pupils attending public schools. Coal is procured in considerable quantities from the mines of this count3^ The Eichmond and Petersburg railroad passes through it. The county was formed from Henrico in 1748. Capital, Chesterfield Court House. Population, 17,489, of whom 8873 were free, and 8616 slaves. Chesterfield Court House, a post-village, capital of Chester- field county, Virginia, about 12 miles S. S. W. from Richmond. Chestnut GtROVe, a thriving post-village of Pittsylvania county, Virginia, near Sandy creek, 173 miles W. S. W. from Richmond, contains 3 stores, several tobacco factories, and about 100 inhabitants. Chickahominy river, in the S. E. part of Virginia, rises in Hanover county and falls into York river about 8 miles above Jamestown. It divides Henrico and Charles City counties on the right from Hanover, New Kent, and James City counties on the left. It furnishes extensive water-power. 208 NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Rev. ARISTIDBS S. SMITH, A. M., 3F»H.I3Xrc:JI3F»-A.Xji. • W»» I This Institution was designed to lurtiish to parents in the South ascliool in which they can secure for their daughters a thorough, practical, accom- plished and Christian education; and it is believed that it offers advantages equal to any that can be obtained elsewhere. The buildings are spacious and elegant, and are situated in a retired and pleasant part of the city. The grounds attached to the Institute, embracing three-fourths of an entire square, are ornamented with a profusion of trees and shrubbery, and furnish ample room for both amusement and exercise. The course of study is extensive, and is designed not only to aid the pupil in the acquisition of knowledge, but also to discipline the mind and train it to correct habits of thought and reffection. The last Annual Catalogue shows a list of 126 pupils from six States, and nine instructors, all of them, with one exception, gentlemen of high at- tainments in their respective departments, and of much experience in the business of teaching. The Teacher of French, a native of France, and a lady of refined manners and finished education, resides in the Institute, and thus affords the boarding pupils peculiar facilities for learning to speak the language ffuently and correctly. TERMS, PER SESSION OP FIVE MONTHS. Payable one half in advance, September 15th and the remainder in February 15. Board, Wasliing, Bed, Bedding, Fuel and Lights $175 00 Tuition in English Branches, 50 00 " " Modern Languages, each 20 00 «» " Drawing and Painting, 20 00 " '• Music on Piano or Guitar, with use of Instruments, $55, 75 00 " " Vocal Music, ^0 00 \X E F li: R E N C E S : liightKev. Wni. Meade, D. D., and Pvt Eev. J. .Tohns, D. D., of Virginia. Et. Kev. Thomas At- kinson, D. D., of N. C, Eight Eev. N. H. Cobb, D. D., Ala., Eev. E. M. Forbes, Elizabeth City, N. CjEev. L. L. Smith, Warrenton, N. C. CL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 209 Chickahominy, a post-office of Hanover county, Virginia. Childress's Store, a post-office of Montgomery county, Va. Chincoteague, a post-office of Accomack county, Virginia. CiiRiSTiANSBURG a post-village, capitol of Montgomery county^ Virginia, on the stage route from Riclimond to Nashville, and on the Virginia and Tennessee railroad, 200 miles West by South from the former. It was laid out in 1792, and contains 2 churches and 1 bank. Population in 1853, about 500. Christiansville, a small post-village in Mecklenburg county, Virginia, about 77 miles South West from Richmond. Chuckatuck, a post-village of Nansemond county, Virginia, 10 miles North from Suffolk, the county seat. Church Hill, a post-office of Halifax county, Virginia. Churchview, a post-office of Middlesex county, Virginia. Churchville, a post-village of Augusta county, Virginia, on the turnpike from Staunton to Parkersburg, 128 miles North West from Richmond, contains 2 churches, 2 stores, and 2 schools. CiRCLEViLLE, a post-officc of Loudoun county, Virginia. City Point, a post-village and port of entry of Prince George county, Virginia, on James river, at the mouth of the Appo- mattox, 34 miles South East from Richmond, and 10 miles E. N. E. from Petersburg. There is a good landing here, at which the large vessels engaged in the trade of Richmond and Peters- burg receive and discharge their cargoes. The Appomattox railroad extends from this place to Petersburg. Clarke, a county in the North East part of Virginia, has an area of 208 square miles. It is traversed by the Shenandoah river, and also drained by Opequan creek. It occupies part of the Great Valley of Virginia, which extends along the North West base of the Blue Ridge. The surface is beautifully diver- sified ; the soil is based on blue limestone, and is highly pro- ductive. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, butter and live stock, are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 306,210 bushels of wheat; 166,897 of corn; 36,915 of oats; 2,236 tons of hay, and 75,314 pounds of butter. There were 7 flour mills, 2 grist mills, 4 tanneries, and 2 manufactories of cabinet ware. It contained 11 churches ; 98 pupils attending public schools, and 77 attend- ing academies or other schools. This county is intersected by the Winchester railroad and by several turnpike-roads. It 27 ^"^""^^ 210 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. _ JA IT iL.-s'i'a'OiaciBXTn.o, . G. D A B N E Y PROPRIETOR. CL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 211 was organized in 1836 out of part of Frederick county, and named in honor of General George Roger Clark, an officer in the war of the Revolution. Capital, Berryville. Population, 7352 ; of whom 3738 were free, and 3614 slaves. Clarksburg, a post-village, capital of Harrison county, Vir- ginia, on the W. fork of Monongahela river, at the mouth of Elk creek, 220 miles N. W. from Richmond. It is situated on a high table-land, environed by hills. It contains 2 or 3 churches, 2 academies, 2 printing offices, and numerous stores. Stone coal abounds in the vicinity. The North- Western rail- road, a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, passes through the village. Population in 1853, about 1200. Clark's Mills, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. Clarksville, a thriving post-village of Mecklenburg county, Virginia, on the S. bank of the Roanoke river, a little below the confluence of the Dan and Staunton, 102 miles S. W. from Richmond. It has increased more rapidly perhaps during the last ten years than any other village in the state. It contains 3 or 4 churches, 1 bank, and over 1000 inhabitants. About 2000 hogsheads of tobacco are annually inspected here, and sent down the river in batteaux. A railroad is projected from this place to the Gaston and Raleigh railroad. Clay's Point, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. Claysville, a small village of Wood county, Virginia, on the Little Kanawha river, 7 miles above Parkersburg, has a fine water-power and several mills. Population about 100. Clear Branch, a post-office of Washington, county, Virginia. Clear Fork, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Cleek's Mills, a post-office of Bath county, Virginia, Clendenin, a post-office of Kanawha county, Virginia. Clift Mills, a post-office of Fauquier county, Virginia. Clifton, a post-office of King George county, Virginia. Clifton Forge, a post-office of Allegany county, Virginia. Clinch River, of Virginia and Tennessee, rises among the mountains in the S. W. part of the former State, and flowing S. W. into Tennessee, traverses the valley between Clinch and Powell mountains, and unites with the Holston and Kingston, to form the Tennessee river. Its whole length is estimated at above 200 miles. Small boats navigate it for more than half that distance. 212 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY PKOPRIETOR, HAS ALWAYS ON HAND A LAEGEK AND BETTER ASSORTMENT OF imiiiiD MAmm wiii THAN CAN BE FOUND SOUTH OF BALTIMORE:. AU orders from the Country promptly attended to. No extra charge for boxing, and safe delivery guar- anteed. I respectfully Invite purchasera to call and examine the large and extensive stock now on hand. The Trade furnished with Slabs, Blocks, &c. Address JOHN B. GADDESS, liynclibiirg, Va. CO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 213 Cline's Mill, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. Clintonsville, a small post-village of Greenbrier county, Vir- ginia, 231 miles W. from Eichmond. Clover Creek, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia. Cloverdale, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia, Cloverdale Hotel, a post-office of Batli county, Virginia. Clo\^r Green, a post-office of Spottsylvania county, Virginia. Clover Hill, a pleasant post-village, capital of Appomatox county, Virginia, about 100 miles W. from Eichmond, and 20 miles E. from Lynchburg. It is connected by a plank-road with James river, which is nearly 15 miles distant. The vil- lage has a handsome court house. Club Creek, in the S. part Virginia, flows southward through Charlotte county, and enters the Staunton a few miles S. W. from Marysville. Coal Hill, a post-office of Goochland county, Virginia. Coal Eiver, in the W. part of Virginia, rises in Fayette county, and flowing in a general N. W. direction, falls in the Great Kanawha river, in Kanawha county, after a course of probably not less than 60 miles. Coal Eiver Marshes, a post-office of Ealeigh county, Virginia- Coalsmouth, a post-office of Kanawha county, Virginia. CoBHAM, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia. Coldstream, a post-village of Hampshire county, Virginia, 20 miles N. W. from Winchester. It has 2 churches, and 1 flouring mill. CoLLiERSTOWN, a post-villagc of Eockbridge county, Virginia, 154 miles W. from Eichmond. Collins Settlement, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. Columbia, a post-village of Fluvanna county, Virginia, at the confluence of the Eivanna and James rivers, and on the James Eiver canal, 52 miles W. by N. from Eichmond, contains 1 church and a few stores. Columbia Furnace, a small post-village in Shenandoah county, Virginia, about 160 miles K N. W. from Eichmond. Columbian Grove, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 1 miles E. from Lunenburg Court House. Coman's Well, a post-office of Sussex county, Virginia. Competition, a beautiful and thriving post-village, capital of Pittsylvania county, Virginia, on a small branch of Banister 214 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. H. SILVERTHORN & Co. DEALERS IN CLOCKS & JE^WELHY, Jfl^IJV STREET, ^ WATCHES and JEWELKY repaired and Engraving executed in the best manner. DIUGUID & BROTHERS, MANUFACTUEEES OF SCREWS, PRESSES, MILL GEARING, ALL KINDS OF IRON AND BRASS CASTINGS AND EITJVCHBURG. BURROUGHS. SHAFER & CO. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in SUPERIOR Ready Jfl ad e OF THEIR OWN iMANUFACTURE. A large assortment of IB®^§ mB ¥®W[SS^ Servants' Clothing, FURlSHIl GOODS, &c. CR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 215 river, 160 miles, S. W. from Richmond. It is situated in a rich farming district, and contains a number of handsome resi- dences. Concord, a post-office of Appomattox county, Virginia. Conrad's Store, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. Conway, or Middle river, of Virginia, is a small stream flow- ing into the Rapidan, on the boundary between Greene and Madison counties. Coon's Mill, a post-office of Boone county, Virginia. Cooper's, a post-office of Franklin county, Virginia, 172 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Cooper's Plains, a post-office of Steuben county, Virginia. CoROWAUGH, a post-office of Isle of Wight county, Virginia. Cove Creek, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Covesville, a post-village of Albemarle county, Virginia, 103 miles W. N. W. from Richmond, has 1 church. Covington, a flourishing post-village, capital of Alleghany county, Virginia, on Jackson's river, a branch of James river, 196 miles W. by N. from Richmond. It is situated in a beauti- ful and healthful region among the Allegany mountains, and is to be the terminus of the James River canal, which is com- pleted to Buchanan, in the adjoining county. Population in 1853, about 500. CoAVPASTURE RiVER, of Central Virginia, unites with Jackson's river, near the E. extremity of Allegany county, forming the James river. Crab Bottom, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia. Crab Orchard, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. Craig's Creek, in the S. W. central part of Virginia, rises in Giles and Montgomery counties, and falls into James river, in , Botetourt county, after a course of about 50 miles. Craig's Creek, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. Craig, a new county in the S. W. central part of Virginia, It is drained by the sources of Craig's creek, from which the name is derived. The surface is mountainous, the main Alle- gany extending along the N. W. border. The soil of the val- leys is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and live stock are the staples. The census of 1850 furnishes no returns for this county, which was formed since that year out of parts of Giles, Botetourt, and Roanoke counties. Capital, Newcastle. | 216 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. WMMIilET®! 8ieU OTEY &. HOLT, Proprietors. * *»» » Located in' the centre of the business portion of the City, on Church Street, contig- uous to tlie Court House, City Hall, and within a short distance of all the churches in the city. OMNIBUSES will be in waiting at the depots and packet landing to carry passengers to this Hotel. j ^ OTEY W. L. HOLT. MOSES LACY. J. F. TERRY. LACY & TERRY, Lower end of the Basin, COMMISSION & FORWARDING AGENTS, Prompt attention paid to Receiving and Forwarding Goods. Also to the sale of all kinds of Country Produce. I» It E! 3VE I XT M NEXT DOOR TO THE VIRGINIA BANK, MAIN STREET, LYlSrOHBXJRG. F. E. GIBBS, PROPRIETOR. G. W. MINNIS, SYCAMORE STREET, MINNIS & TANNER, BANK SQUARE, DAGUERREOTYPE AND Citizens and strangers are respectfully solicited to visit the above Galleries, which have been newly and beautifully fitted up, whether they may wish Pictures or not, and if A WELL EXECUTED D AG-UERREOT YPE, Or one of those much improved and almost breathing STEKEOSGOPIC PICTURES Are desired, with a beautiful Frame, Case, Locket, Pin, &c., in ■which to have it placed the subscri- bers feel confident that they are prepared to please even the most fastidious, in stvla as' well as nripp charged. ^T" GALLERIES ALWAYS OPEN AND FREE. ^ CU GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 217 Cranbekry Plains, a post-office of Carroll county, Virginia. Cranberry Summit, a thriving village of Preston county, Vir- ginia, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 243 miles West from Baltimore. Cranesville, a small post-village of Preston county, Virginia, about 250 miles N. AV. from Richmond. Crichton's Store, a })Ost-officc of Brunswick county, Virginia- Criglersville, a post-office of Madison county, Virginia. Cross Keys, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. Cross Roads, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Cub Creek, a post-office of Charlotte county, Virginia, CucKooviLLE, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia, 46 miles N. W. from Richmond. Culpepper, a county in the N. E. central part of Virginia, has an area of G73 s(|uare miles. The Southern and North-eastern borders are rcs})ectively washed by tlie Rapidan and by the Norfcli brancli of tlie Rappahannock, which unite at the eastern extremity of the county. The N. part of the county is drained by Hazel river. The surface is finely diversified with hill and dale ; the soil is of a deep red color, and highly productive. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, and wool are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 191,395 bushels of wheat; 359,6*70 of corn; 62,599 of oats ; and 45,444 pounds of wool. There were 26 flour, grist, and saw mills ; 2 woolen factories, and 1 agricul- tural implement manufactory. It contained 17 churches ; 488 pupils attending public schools, and 105 attending academies or other schools. The Rappahannock river has been made nav- igable along the border of the county ; small boats also navi- gate Hazel river. The county is intersected by the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, lately finished ; and has a turnpike lead- ing from the county seat to New Market. It contains several mineral springs, Avliich are not yet much noted or improved. Organized in 1748, and named from Lord Culpepper, governor of Virginia in 1681. Population, 12,282, of whom 5599 were free, and 6683 slaves. Culpepper Court House, Virginia. See Fairfax, Cumberland, a county towards the S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 310 square miles. The Appomattox bounds it on the S. E., the James river washes its N. border, and Willis river flows through the county. The surface is undulating • 28 ~ ^ 218 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. LYlSrOHBXJIia "WM. B. & O. FISHER, Jflain ^^t* opposite JVorvell House^ ILYMCTMIRe, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in Every description ( if Sporting Apparatus & Fine Cutlery, Gunsmitlis and persons from the Country arc requested to call and examine our Stock. They also invite particular attention to their Gain and Increase Twist Kitles of their own manufacture, for which they obtained First Premiums at the Union Agricultural Virginia and North Carolina State Fair, held at Peters- biirg, on the 24th October, 1S54, and at the Virginia State Agricultural Fair, held at Richmond on the 81st October, 1S54, and for which also at the Fair of the Mechanics' Institute, held on the lOtli Noaciu- ber, 1S54, they were awarded a SILVER MEDAL. T7-IIl.GrI3>3"Iua. J. P A G A PROPRIETOR, HAS ALWAYS ON HAND [ffllBElBJIDgElTrS. T®E!!B§, Head and Foot Stones, Mantlepieces, BUREAU, TABLE AND VTASHSTAND TOPS. House "Work in general, executed in all its branches for public and private Buildings. SHOE AND HAT EMP BAN K SQU ARE, HOBSON & ARMISTEAD, II E T A 1 L DEALERS IN BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, TRUNKS, UMBRELLAS, CJ -A. It i^ 3E3 17 ::b .A. G^ And every article to be found in their general line of business. A fine stock of the above articles always on hand at exceedingly low prices for Cash. I — Da gazetteer of Virginia. 219 the soil was originally fertile, but in some parts has been worn out. Wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 118,616 bushels of wheat ; 220,532 of corn; and 2,476,135 pounds of tobacco. There were 6 flour mills, 1 tobacco factory, and 1 iron foundry. It contained 16 churches ; 275 pupils attending public schools, and 30 attending an academy. The county was formed from Goochland in 1748. Capital, Cumberland Court House. Population, 9751, of whom 3422 were free, and 6329 slaves. Cumberland Court House, a post-village, capital of Cumber- land county, Virginia, 55 miles W. from Kichmond. It is situ- ated on a ridge between the Appomattox and Willis rivers, about 5 miles from each. CuRDSViLLE, a small post-village of Buckingham county, Virginia, on Willis river, at the head of navigation. It has a large flouring mill. Dagger's Springs, a post-village of Botetourt county, Vir- ginia, 18 miles N. from Fincastle. Extensive buildings have been erected for the entertainment of the public at this place. Dallas, a post-oflice of Marshall county, Virginia. Danielsville, a post-village of Spottsylvania county, Vir- ginia, 90 miles N. from Kichmond. Dan Kiver, of Virginia and North Carolina, rises in Patrick county, of the former state, at the S. E. base of the Blue Ridge, and flowing first S. E., it enters North Carolina, in Surrey county. It then pursues a general easterly direction, near the boundary between the two states, which it crosses no less than five times, and after a tortuous course of about 200 miles, it unites with the Staunton, or Roanoke, at Clarksville, in Mecklenburg county, Virginia. It is navigable by batteaus to Danville, Vir- ginia, which is the principal town on its banks. The water- power at Danville is very abundant, but is not yet employed to any great extent. The area drained by this river is estimated at 4000 square miles. Danville, the principal village of Pittsylvania county, Vir- ginia, on the Dan river, 5 miles from the North Carolina line, and 168 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. The town is pleas- antly situated on high ground, near the head of navigation, and is a place of active business. It is surrounded by a fertile farm- ing region, which abounds in stone coal, iron ore and lime- 220 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. EXTENSIVE BOOK STORE ma© wMi mmmm d LYNCHBURG. Wliolesale and Retail Dealer in Books, Stationary, Piano Fortes, ALL THE SCHOOL BOOKS IN USE, LAW, MEDICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS Blank Books of every description, Letter and Writincr ]*aper, tlie best Inks of all kinds in use, Globes, New Music, Drawing Materials, and Books on Drawing and Painting, Copying Presses, Mathematical Instruments, Gold and Silver Pencil Cases, Violins, Guitars, Flutes, Accordions and other musical instruments; Violin Strings, Pen and Pocket Knives, Dia- mond Pointed Gold Pens, 8urveyor''s Compasses and Chains, Choice Books and Fancy Articles lor Presents. PIANO FORTES. Ilis supply of Piano Fortes is from the established and well known manufactory of Wilhelms & Skuler, which for beauty of finish and superior- ity of tone, have procured for them an extended custom. They are warranted superior in all respects, and are offered at the manufacturers' lowest prices. Orders by letter faithfully and proraj)tly attended to. DI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 221 stone. The canal which has been constructed around the falls at this place affords abundant water-power. A railroad is ex- tending from Eichmond to Danville. The village has 4 or 5 churches, 3 academies, 2 banks, and several iron foundries and mills. Population in 1850, 1514— in 1854, about 2500. Darksyille, a post-village of Berkley county, Virginia, on Sulphur Spring creek, 165 miles K by W. from Eichmond, con- tains 1 church and a few stores. Darlington Heights, a post-office of Prince Edward Co., Va. Darville, a post-office of Dinwiddie county, A^irginia. Davis' Mills, a post-village of Bedford county, Virginia, 130 miles W. by S. from Eichmond. Davis' Store, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Dawsonville, a post-office of Greene county, Virginia. Dayton, a post-office of Eockingham county, Virginia. Deatonsville, a post-village of Amelia county, Virginia, 52 miles S. W. from Eichmond. Decker's Creek, a post-office of Preston county, Virginia. Deep Creek, a post-village of Norfolk county, Virginia, at the northern terminus of the Dismal Swamp canal, 10 miles S. from Norfolk. It has an active trade in shingles, Avhicli are procured from the Dismal Swamp, and shipped by schooners to the Northern cities. Deerfield, a post-village of Augusta county, Virginia, 180 miles W. N. AV. from Eichmond. Deer Lick, a post-office of Mason county, Virginia. De Kale, a post-office of Gilmer county, Virginia. Dennisville, a post-office of Amelia county, Virginia. DENTONSYiLLE,''a village of Hanover county, Virginia, 22 miles N. from Eichmond. Diamond Grove, a small post-village in Brunswick county, Virginia, 80 miles S. S. W. from Eichmond. Diana Mills, a post-village of Buckingham county, Virginia, on Slate river, ^o miles W. from Eichmond. Dickensonm:lle, a post-office of Eussell county, Virginia, 340 miles W. by S. from Eichmond. Dickinson, a post-village of Franklin county, Virginia, 200 miles W. S. W. from Eichmond. Dillon's Eun, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia, 10 miles E. from Eomney, the county seat. 222 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. mmm Offer unequaled advantages to all for the rapid and safe transmission of Boxes, Bales and Packages of Goods and Articles of all descriptions, To and from all places reached by RAILROAD, STAG-E OR STEAMBOAT. RATES UNIFORM AND MODERATE! No Commission charged for forwarding to places not reached by the Express. Gold, Silver, Bank Notes, Jewelry; And other valuable articles, always in charge of TRUSTY MESSENGERS! 3B* O H. &jA^:Lj^S DRAFTS ON HUGIiAND, IREI.AND AITD SCOTLAND, FOR ANY AMOUNT FROM ONE POUND UP. NOTES, BILLS, AND DRAFTS collected at any points where there are Ex- press Agents, and prompt remittances guaranteed. We have Wagons to call for and deliver Goods (free of charge. Office Corner of I4tli & Main lStreet§, Riclimond. CHAS. HICHAHDSON, No. 4, UNDER EXCHANGE HOTEL, RICHMOND, Importer of and "Wholesale and Retail Dealer in ® m m A m £0) ^^ \Sr ^^ ^ 9 Has also for sale Segar Cases, Snuff Boxes, Pipes (of every ^^^ description,) and other DO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 2^3 DiNWiDDiE, a county in the S. S. E .part of Virginia, contains 540 sq^uare miles. The Appomattox river bounds it on the N., and the Nottoway on the S. W. ; it is also drained hy Stony and Namazine creeks. The surface is undulating. Indian corn, wheat and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 this county pro- duced 304,556 bushels of corn; 60,275 of wheat, and 1,782,521 pounds of tobacco. There were 3 cotton factories, 25 flour and grist mills, 7 saw mills, and 2 chandleries. It contained 36 churches, 3 newspaper offices; 223 pupils attending public schools, and 869 attending academies and other schools. The rocks which underlie this county are of the primitive formation. The railroad from Richmond to Weldon, North Carolina, passes through the county. Formed in 1752, and named in honor of Robert Dinwiddle, then governor of Virginia. Capital, Din- widdle Court House. Population 25,118 of whom 14,238 were free, and 10,880 slaves, DiNwiDDiE Court House, a post-village, capital of Dinwiddie county, Virginia, on Stony creek, 35 miles S. by W. from Rich- mond. Dinwiddie's Tan Yaed, a post-office of Campbell county, Virginia. Dismal Swamp extends from near Norfolk, in Virginia, into North Carolina. Length from N. to S., about 30 miles ; great- est breadth, 10 or 12 miles. It is in some parts covered with reeds, in others with a heavy growth of trees with a thick un- dergrowth. In the centre is Lake Drummond, covering about 6 square miles ; when full, the surface is 21 feet above tide- water. DODDRIDCJE, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, contains 300 square miles. It is drained by Hughes river and Middle Island creek. The surface is hilly, and the land adapted to pasturage. The principal staples are Indian corn, oats, and grass. In 1850 the county produced 59,423 bushels of corn; 13,398 of oats ; 1860 tons of hay, and 35,200 pounds of butter. It contained 2 saw mills, 1 grist mill, and 1 wool-carding mill, 1 church, and 115 pupils attending public schools. The Mid- dle Island creek is navigable by flat-boats, in which lumber is exported. Capital, West Union. Population, 2750, of whom 2719 were free, and 31 slaves. Doe Hill, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia. 224 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. THE mCHMOND OilTJTDT WAS INCORPORATED BY THE Legislature of Virginia, March 2, 1853. Its design is to elevate the grade of female education, and to alFord young ladies all the facilities for learning which are offered to young men in our best colleges. Its buildings bave been planned with great care and admirably adapted to the purpose. It is believed that nothing equal to them for convenience, is to be found in the whole South. The location, in one of the most desirable parts of Richmond, combines un- usual advantages, being at once central and retired ; and though so accessible and convenient, is almost as private and free from annoyance as the country itself. Every modern improvement whicii experience has sanctioned, was sought and adopted and provision is made, at an expense of more than sixly thousand dollars, to promote in every way the health, comfort and convenience of the pupils, as well as their ad- vancement in learning. The course of instruction is extensive and liberal. The great point aimed at, is thoroughness, especially in those fundamental parts of knowledge, which, it is too often thought, may be slighted with impunity. Those who have pursued successfully the regular course and passed an approved examination for a degree, will receive a diploma in accordance with the Chai-ter, at the Annual commencement. The session commences the first Monday in October, and closes the last Thursday in June. Thus the pupils give the golden season of labor to study, and spend the hot months in relaxation at home. Applications for admission may be addressed to the President, REV. BASIL MANLY, Jr. RICHMOND, Va. ED GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 225 DoRNiCKTOWN, a post-office of Monongalia county, Virginia. Double Bridge, a post-office of LiinenLurg county, Virginia, 87 miles S. W. from Eiclimond. Dover Mills, a small post-village of GoocUand c»unty, Vir- ginia, on Dover Creek and on the James River canal, 21 miles W. from Eiclimond. It has a valuable water-power and flour- ing mill. Dovesville, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. Dranesville, a post-village of Fairfax county, Virginia, 17 miles W. from Washington. Draper's Valley, a post-office of Palaski county, Virginia. Drapersville, a post-office of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. Drewrys\t:lle, a small post-village in Southampton county, Virginia, 75 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. Dryburg, a post-office of Halifax county, Virginia, 129 miles S. W. from Richmond. Duffield's, a post-office of Jefferson county, Virginia. Dug Spur, a post-office of Carroll county, Virginia. Dumfries, a small post-village of Prince William county, Virginia, on Quantico creek, 90 miles N. from Richmond, was formerly a thriving place, containing 2 churches, and several mills, but it is now in decay. Duncan, a post-office of Wood county, Virginia. DuNLAp's Creek, in the S. W. Central part of Virginia, rises in Monroe county, flows north-eastward, and falls into Jack- son's river, near Covington. "DuNMORE, a post-office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. DuNNSViLLE, a post-office of Essex county, Virginia, 5G miles N. E. from Richmond. Dupree's Old Store, a post-office of Charlotte county, Vir- ginia. DuRRETSViLLE, a post-officc of Richmond count}^, Virginia. Earlysville, a small post-village of Albemarle county, Vir- ginia, 94 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. East River, a post-office of Mercer county, Virginia. Eastville, a post-village, capital of Northampton county, Virginia, 180 miles by water, E. by S. from Richmond, and a few miles E. from Chesapeake bay. It contains a court-house, 2 carriage shops, and several stores. Population, about 300. Edenburg, a thriving post-village of Shenandoah county, Vir- 29 "" "" 226 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JARRATT'S HOTEL, THOMAS J. SOUTHALL, PROPRIETOR, This ^RATTS^Ore^ THOMAS J SOUfHAXI. large and popular Establishment, located at the Southern Depot, enjoys a large share of public patron- age, and is capable of afford- ing accommodation for 200 guests. It is favorably sit- uated for those traveling North or South, who may wish to lay over, being in an elevated, airy, and healthy part of the city. J. T. YOUNG, DEALER IN 9 ©IEIL¥]Em WAmiE AMID IFAMST §©©1^3 S7CA1VE0RZ: STREET, PETERSBURG. i^W° Watches and Jewelry repaired, and Enijraviiig executed in the best manner, (copied and forwarded.) Constantly on hand a full supply of DRUGS, MEDICINES, GARDEN, ™D& MEADOW SEEDS, &c. Together with a good selection of FRENCH, GERMAN, ENGLISH & AMERICAN CHEMICALS, All of which we warrant to be of the best quality. N9 3; POWELLS ROW i^PETE R S3URG, Va- V li;^ Physicians', Merchants' and all other orders neatly and promptly executed. EL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 227 ginia, on Stony creek, 6 miles from Woodstock. It is connected by a turnpike with Staunton. Edge Hill, a jiost-office of King George county, Virginia. Edmonds, a i^ost-office of Brunswick county, Virginia. Edom, a post-office of Eockingliam county, Virginia. Edeay, a post-office of Pocaliontas county, Virginia. Egypt, a post-office of Monroe county, Virginia. ElamsvIlle, a post-village in Patrick county, Virginia, about 200 miles W. S. W. from Kicbmond. El Dokado, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. Elizabeth, or Elizabethtown, a village in Wood county, Vir- ginia, on the W. bank of Kanawha river, about 300 miles K W. from Kichmond. Elizabeth City, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, border- ing on Chesapeake Bay, at the mouth of James river, has an area of 50 square miles. Hampton Eoads form its boundary on the south, and Back river washes its northern border. The soil, is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes, are the sta- ples. In 1850 this county produced 87,295 bushels of corn ; 22,188 of wheat; 17,754 of oats, and 42,579 of potatoes. There were 3 flour and grist mills, 2 saw mills, and 2 brick yards. It contained 7 churches, 139 pupils attending public schools, and 110 attending an academy. This county occupies the ex- tremity of the peninsula formed by James and York rivers. It was one of the eight original shires into which Virginia was divided in 1634. Capital, Hampton. Population, 4586, of whom 2438 were free, and 2148 slaves. Elizabeth Rr^er, a small stream of Virginia, emptying itself into Hampton Roads. A light-ship is stationed on Craney Island flats, at its mouth. Elizabethtown, Va. See Grave Creek. Elk Creek, a post-office of Grayson county, Virginia. Elk Garden, a post-office of Russell county, Virginia. Elk Hill, a post-office of Amelia county, Virginia, 64 miles S. W. from Richmond. Elk River, in the W. part of Virginia, rises in Randolph and Pocahontas counties, interlocking sources with the Greenbrier and Monongahela rivers, and pursuing a general western course, falls into the Great Kanawha, at Charleston, in Kanawha county. The whole length is perhaps 200 miles. It is described as a 228 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Piedmont Works GEORGE G. CURLE, PROPRIETOR. A^ isru %%%%% % % ■"» », "'ti IMPLEMENT DEPOT, Machinery and Iron Work of every description made to order and repaired at short notice. FA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 229 beautiful stream, and highly favorable to navigation. Boats can ascend in ordinary stages to Sutton, in Braxton county, more than 100 miles from its mouth. Elk Kun, a jiost-office of Fauquier county, Virginia, 90 miles N. by W. from Kichmoud. Ellisville, a small post-village in Louisa county, Virginia. Elon, a post-office of Amherst county, Virginia. Emmaus, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Emory, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. Enfield, a post-village of King William county, Virginia, 36 miles N. E. from Kichmond. Erin Shades, a post-office of Henrico county, Virginia. Essex, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area of about 300 square miles. The Eappahannock river forms the N. E. boundary. The surface in the W. part is uneven ; the soil is generally sandy, and moderately fertile, having been im- proved by guano, lime, and marl. Indian corn and wheat are the stajiles. In 1850 this county produced 391,895 bushels of corn; 104,840 of wheat, and 57,747 pounds of butter. There were 16 flour and grist mills, and 1 tannery. It contained 11 churches, and 216 pupils attending academies and other schools. The river is navigable by small vessels along the border of the county. Formed in 1692. Capital, Tappahannock. Popula- tion, 10,206, of whom 3444 were free, and 6762 slaves. EsTELiNE Furnace, a post-office of Augusta county, Vir- ginia. EsTiLLViLLE, a post-village, capital of Scott county, Virginia, on Moccasin creek, 357 miles W. by S. from Richmond. Iron ore and coal are abundant at this place. It contains 1 or 2 churches, and about 60 dAvellings. Etna, a post-office of Hanover county, Virginia. EvANSHAM, Virginia. See Wytheville. EvANSviLLE, a post-village in Preston county, Virginia, about 200 miles N. W. from Eichmond. Everetts\t:lle, a village in Albemarle county, Virginia, near the Virginia Central railroad, 70 miles N. W. from Richmond. Faber's Mills, a post-village of Nelson county, Virginia, about 100 miles W. from Richmond. Fabius, a post-office of Hardy county, Virginia. Factory Hill, a post-office of Nansemond county, Virginia. 230 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. H. S. WHITTEMORE. C. A. WHITTEMORE. H. S. WHITTEMORE & BROTHER, Manufacturers of their GENUINE, PEEMICM, EAGLE, IMPROVED, LIVINGSTON, PEEKS- HILL, and SIDE HILL PLOWS ; THRESHERS and HORSE POWERS, WHEAT FANS, HAY CUTTERS, CORN SHELLEES, CULTIVATORS, CAST IRON ROAD SCRAPERS, and other Agricultural Implements. All kinds of WROUGHT and CAST IRON furnished to order; also the best FORCE PUMP, and ENGINE combined, for wells or springs. FIRST PREMIUMS awarded to us at the Union Fair of Virginia and North Carolina, and at the State Fair of Virginia, at Richmond, in 1S54, for the best SIDE HILL PLOW,— the special approba- tion of the Committee was given for the SUPERIOR STRENGTH and FINISH of our TOOLS. All orders promptly attended to. ON THE BASIN LYNCHBURG. S. G. MORGAN. W. II. CURLE. W. E. BURNHAM. MORGAN, CURLE & BURNHAM'S PLANING AND MOULDING MILL, A N I ) IJ =^SI5' J SASH, BLIND & DOOR MANUFACTORY, Canal Bank, »Adjoining Gas Works, LYNCHBURa. The attention of Contractors and those intending to build, is respectfully Invited to this Establish- ment, as we keep constantly on hand a general assortment of MOULDINGS, SASHES, BLINDS and DOORS, and also make to order, at short notice, on favorable terms. All orders addressed to CURLE & BURNHAM will meet prompt attention, and work will be for- warded as directed. FA. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 231 Fairfax, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, Ijordering on Maryland and the District of Columbia, has an area of 430 square miles. The Potomac river forms its boundary on the N. E. and S. E., and the Occoquan washes its S. W. border. The surface is hilly ; the soil in some parts is sandy, and is not uni- formly fertile. Much of the land has been worn out, and is no longer cultivated. Grain and cattle are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 207,531 bushels of Indian corn; 56,156 of wheat; 122,758 pounds of butter, and 4420 tons of hay. There were 5 flour and grist mills. It contained 16 churches, 1 news- paper office, 60 pupils attending public schools, and 295 attend- ing academies and other schools. The county is intersected by two railroads leading to Alexandria. Mount Vernon, the residence of George Washington, is on the bank of the Poto- mac in Fairfax county, 15 miles below Washington. Formed in 1742, and named in honor of Lord Fairfax, the proprietor of a considerable district in the N. E. part of Virginia. Capital, Fairfax Court House. Population, 10,682, of whom 7432 were free, and 3250 slaves. Fairfax, or Culpepper Court House, a thriving post-village, capital of Culpepper county, Virginia, on the Orange and Al- exandria railroad. It is surrounded by a finely diversified and fertile region, which is in a high state of cultivation. The bu- siness of the place has recently received a new impetus by the construction of the railroad. Fairfax contains 3 or 4 churches, and 2 newspaper offices. Founded in 1759. Population in 1853, estimated at 1000. Fairfax Court House, a small town, capital of Fairfax county, Virginia, 120 miles N. from Kichmond, and 21 miles W. from Washington, contains the county buildings, and from 200 to 300 inhabitants. Fairfield, a post-village of Eockbridge county, Virginia, 144 miles W. from Richmond. Has 2 churches. Fair Hill, a post-office of Marshall county, Virginia. Fairmont, a flourishing post-village, capital of Marion county, Virginia, on the W. bank of the IMonongahela river, and on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 310 miles N. W. from Rich- mond. The river is navigable by steamboats from this point downward. A magnificent wire suspension bridge across the river connects the village with Palatine. A newspaper is pub- 232 LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. LYNCHBURG FEMALE SEMINARY, Corner of 4th Street and 6th Alley, LYISrCHBXJUa, M. & C. S. aOEDON, PEINCIPALS. Tbis Is one of the largest and most flourishing Institutions in this part of tlie State— can accommo- date one hundred and fifty scholars. FA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 233 lishecl here. The village contains one bank. Population in 1853, about 1200. Falling Bridge, a post office of Campbell county, Virginia. Falling Kiver, a small stream in the S. part of Virginia, rises in Campbell county, and flows into the Staunton or Roan- oke river, near the S. E. extremity of the county. Falling Spring, a post office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. Falling Waters, a post village of Berkley county, Virginia, on the Potomac river, 188 miles N. by W. from Richmond. Falls Church, a post office of Fairfax county, Virginia. Fall's Mills, a post office of Cabell county, Virginia. Falmouth, a post village of Stafford county, Virginia, on the Rappahannock river, 66 miles N. from Richmond, is the largest village in the county. The water power of the river is em- ployed in two cotton factories and two flouring mills. Fancy Grove, a post office of Bedford county, Virginia. Fancy Hill, a post office of Rockbridge county, Virginia, 164 miles W. from Richmond. Farley, a post office of Culpepper county, Virginia. Farmers' Grove, a post office of Southampton county, Ya. Farmington, a post village of Marion county, Virginia, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Farmville, a post village of Prince Edward county, Virginia is finely situated on the Appomatox river, 68 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. The Southside railroad connects it with Pe- tersburg and Richmond. The river is navigable for batteaus from this place to its mouth, and the village has an active trade. Farmville contains three churches, one bank, one news- paper office, and several tobacco factories. Population in 1853 about 1500. Farnham, a thriving village of Richmond county, Vir^-inia five miles from the Rajapahannock river. Farrowsville, a small post village of Fauc^uier county, Vir- ginia, 130 miles N. by W. from Richmond. Fauquier, a county in the north-eastern part of Virginia, has an area of about 680 square miles. It is bounded on the S. W. by the Rappahannock and its branch, the North river and drained by Goose creek. The Blue Ridge extends along the N. W. border ; the surface is finely diversified, and the soil is mostly very fertile. Wheat, Indian corn and grass are the 30 234 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. THOMAS S. JAMIESON, A/f .A. o XI I nxr I s AND Corner Royal and Wilkes Streets, Is prepared to execute orders for ■T Jk. T X O ly^ Jk. FL "TST CI MILL GEARING, Shafting, Pulleys, HANGERS, PUMPS, FINS, Slide and Hand DRILL PRESSES, AND MACHINE WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Cd- Superior Castings made to order at short notice and on reasonable terms. FA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 235 staples. In 1850 this county produced 386,324 busliels of wheat, 562,959 of Indian corn, 8523 tons of hay, 72,825 pounds of wool, and 210,711 pounds of butter. There were 17 flour mills, five grist and plaster mills, eight saw mills, seven tanneries, and one woolen factory. It contained 35 churches, two newspaper offices, 601 pupils attending public schools, and 322 attending academies and other schools. Several gold mines have been worked in the count}'*. It also contains valuable beds of mag- nesia and soapstone. The Eappahannock is navigable by small boats. The county is traversed by the Orange and Alexandria railroad, and by the Manassas Gap railroad. The illustrious John Marshall, chief justice of the United States, was born in this county. Formed in 1759, and named in honor of Francis Fauquier, at that time Grovernor of Virginia. Capital, Warren- ton. Population, 20,868, of whom 10,518 were free, and 10,350 slaves. Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, on the Eappahannock river, 57 miles W. S. W. from Washington, is a beautiful and popular place of resort in summer. Fayette, a county toward the W. part of Virginia, has an area of seven hundred and seventy square miles. It is trav- ersed by the Kanawha or New river, bounded on the North by Gauley river, and on the N. E. by Meadow river. The county has a mountainous surface, abounding in wild and picturesque scenery. The principal elevations are Gauley and Sewell moun- tains. The famous cliff called Marshall's Pillar rises about 1000 feet above New Eiver, a few miles from the county seat. Several fertile plateaus, or glades^ destitute of timber, occur among the highlands of this county. The soil is generally good. Indian corn, wheat, oats, liay, cattle and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 111,064 bushels of corn, 8414 of wheat, 56,037 of oats, 950 tons of hay, and 56,409 lbs. of butter. There were three boat yards, one wool-carding mill, and two tanneries. It contained six churches and 96 pupils attending public schools. Iron ore is found. The New river is a rapid stream, affording abundant water power in this part of its course. The county is intersected by the Covington and Ohio railroad, (not yet finished.) Capital, Fayetteville. Pop- ulation, 3955, of whom 3799 were free, and 156 slaves. 236 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. HENEY L. SHEPHERD. JAMES H. KOBINSON. SHEPHERD & ROBINSON, MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN COOKING RANOES, HOT JllR FURNACES, CHAIN AND SUCTION r ^ 5, MARBLEIZED IRON MANTLES AND No. 148 King Street, Alexandria. T I 3Xr TTV -A. IT. 33 -A. T "^T^ XZ O 3-i X3 IS .i^ Xj X3 . ?I3" All orders filled with dispatch. COTiWOE PARLOR, DEATTON G. MEADE. WM. BACHES. MEADE & EACHES, DEALERS IN i^iiR Seeds and Manures, Wo. 112 FAIRFAX STREET, FL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 237 Fayetteville, a small post village, capital of Fayette county, Virginia, 289 miles W. from Eichmond, and aLout five miles from New river. A few miles from the village, New river flows along the base of a remarkable cliff or precipice of stupendous height, known by the name of " Hawk's Nest," or Marshall's Pillar. Chief justice Marshall measured it with a line, and found the height to be one thousand feet. Fellowsville, a small village of Preston county, Virginia, on the turnpike from Winchester to Parkersburg. Fincastle, a handsome post village, capital of Botetourt county, Virginia, 175 miles W. from Eichmond. It is well built, and finely situated in a fertile and undulating valley, between the Blue Eidge and North mountain, about five miles E. from the latter. The Peaks of Otter, which rise on the bor- der of the county, are among the highest points of the Blue Eidge. Fincastle contains four or five churches, two academies, and two printing ofiices. Laid out in 1772. Floyd, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 279 square miles. It is drained by Little river, an afiluent of the New or Kanawha. The surface is high and mountainous, the county occupying the northwestern declivity of the Blue Eidge, which slopes gradually toward the valley of New river. The land is generally rough and in some parts unproductive, but a large portion is adapted to pasturage. Indian corn, wheat, oats hay, and live stock are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 104,630 bushels of corn, 23,992 of wheat,92,654;of oats, and 3226 tons of hay. There were seven grist mills, five flour mills, three wool-carding mills, and four tanneries. It contained nine churches, 832 pupils attending public schools, and 104 at- tending academies or other schools. The highlands contain copper, iron ore and other minerals. The county is plentifully supplied with water power. Organized in 1831, and named in honor of John Floyd, at that time governor of Virginia. Cap- ital, Jacksonville. Population, 6458, of whom 6015 were free, and 443 slaves. Floyd Court House, a post village, capital of Floyd countj, Virginia, 180 miles W. S. W. from Eichmond. Fluive's, a post office of Botetourt county, Virginia, 163 miles W. from Eichmond. Fluvanna, a county in the S. E. central part of Virginia, has 238 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. liEAVITT'S IMr>IlOVED The cut represents a valuable mrovement in improvement in Portable Mills, Adapted to tlie various Crushing and Grinding purposes of a Farm, which are now required and foxmd so profitable in the imin-oved modes of feeding stock. This Mill is peculiarly adapted to grinding corn and cob together, , to shelling Corn and grinding Meal from Corn and other grains. This form of mill is so simjjle that a small boy can adjust it by turning i a handle affixed to a screw, with perfect ease and certaintj'', either for shelling corn or grinding coarse I or fine, and is by far the most con- ' venient and portable article of the kind ever invented, weighing only about 250 jjounds, worked by one, two, or four horses, and will grind from 4 to 10 bushels corn and cob meal per hour, from 3 to 5 bushels fine corn meal per hour, and will with one horse, shell from 10 to 15 bushels corn. The Mill requires no horse-power machinery, sim- ply a lever attached to the outside grinder, the inside being stationa- ry, and placed on a log either in the yard or barn. For simplicity and durability it will recommend itself to every Farmer, rich or jDoor, and can be put in operation in 6 hours. The Subscriber is manufiicturing the above Mills at Messrs. Smith & Perkins' Foundrj'^, on Pitt street, Alexandria. All orders addressed to the imdersigned will be promptly attended to, and IMills shipped to order, with full directions for putting them in oi3eration. Farmers are invited to call and examine the Mill at the above Foundry. It is confidently believed that this Mill will answer practically a better purpose than any that has been made at a cost of under four hundred dollars. It is the inven- tion of Mr. CHARLES LEAVITT, of Quincy, Illinois, who obtained a patent in 1852, and has now been in operation 5 years, giving universal satisfactii^n. R. McLAG-AN. FO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 239 an carea of 170 square miles. The James river forms the S. "boundary, and Kivanna river flows through the middle of the county. The surface is partly broken and partly level ; the soil in some parts is fertile, in others almost barren. Tobacco is the staple product. In 1850 there were raised 1,054,974 lbs. of tobacco, 200,174 bushels of Indian corn, and 92,657 of wheat. There were nine flour and grist mills, ten saw mills, one gold mine which is worked, one cotton and one woolen factory. It contained 14 churches, 355 pupils attending public schools, and 63 attending academies or other schools. The James river ca- nal passes along the border of the county. Gold has been found near Palmyra, the county seat. Formed from Albemarle county in 1777. Population, 9487, of whom 4750 were free and 4737 slaves. Fowler's, a post office of Brooke county, Virginia. Fox\t:lle, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, on the Kappahannock river, 108 miles W. N. W. from Kichmond. Frankford, a jDost village in Greenbrier county, Virginia, 180 miles W. by N. from Richmond. Frankfort, a village of Greenbrier county, Virginia, 10 miles N. E. from Lewisburg, contains one or two churches. Frankfort, a post village of Hampshire county, Virginia, on Patterson's creek, 203 miles N. W. from Richmond. Franklin, a county in the S. part of Virginia, has an area of 864 square miles. The Staunton river forms its K E. boundary and the Blue Ridge extends along its K W. border. The sur- face is hilly or rolling ; the soil has a substratum of clay and is very productive. Tobacco, Indian corn and wheat are the sta- ples. In 1850 there were raised 1,125,404 pounds of tobacco, 431,408 bushels of corn, 76,831 of wheat and 187,792 of oats. There were 14 flour, grist and saw mills, 2 iron forges, 1 iron furnace and fifteen tobacco factories. It contained 25 churches and 700 pupils attending public schools. Iron ore is found in several parts of the county. Formed in 1784. Capital, Rocky Mount. Population, 17,430, of whom 11,704 were free, and 5726 slaves. Franklin, a small village, capital of Pendleton county, Vir- ginia, on the S. Branch of the Potomac, 20 miles from its source and 165 miles K W. from Richmond. Franklin, a post village of Southampton county, Virginia 240 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. iiiiis^ii iiiiiii AND SOLE AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF Have always on hand a good supply of this Permanent Fertilizer. They would call attention to the following analyses made by Drs. D. Stuart, of Baltimore, and Richard H. Stabler, of this city. Proximate Analysis. Organic Matter containing some azotized com- pounds capable of forming ammonia, - 05.47 Water, - 25.32 Ash, or proportion of mineral elements, - 69.21 100.00 Composition of the Ash. Phosphoric Acid, - - . - , 33.52 Lime, 26.35 Sand, 00.30 Magnesia and Soda with a trace of Potash, 09.04 69.21 The Ash or mineral portion is very pure bone ash, in a state of minute division, containing a larger proportion of Phosphoric Acid than Bone Phosphate of Lime, say sixty-nine per cent. ILEXINDRIA GIZETTB & VIRGINIA ADTOTISER, PUBLISHED DAILY BY EDGAR SNOWDEN, At Eight Dollars per annum, payable half yearly. ALEXANDRIA GAZETTE & VIRGINIA ADVERTIZER, !■ C^ H. '^I:■ I^ El CJ O XT TO" T I^ "S" , IS PUBLISHED, KEGULAELY, ON Tuesdaysj Thursdays and Saturdays, At Five Dollars per annum, payable in advance. THE VIRGINIA SENTINEL IS PUBLISHED ON TUESDAYS, THURSDAYS AND SATURDAYS, BY R. M. SMITH & J, W^- FINKS, At Five Dollars per annum. IS CONNECTED WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT. FR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 241 on the Blackwater river, and on tlie Portsmoutli and Roanoke railroad, 88 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. Franktown, a post office of Northampton county, Virginia. Frazier's Bottom, a post office of Putnam county, Virginia. Frederick, a county in the K N. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 378 square miles. The Opequan, Sleepy and Black creeks, affluents of the Potomac, rise Avithin it and flow north- eastward. The surface is beautifully diversified with mountain scenery ; the principal elevation is the North mountain, extend- ing along the western border. The county occupies jmrt of the Great Valley of Virginia, and is one of the most wealthy and highly cultivated in the State. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, butter, cattle and pork are the staples. In 1850 it produced 311,060 bushels of wheat, 199,242 of corn, 50,701 of oats, G433 tons of hay and 193,394 pounds of butter. There were 35 flour mills, 38 saw mills, seven woolen factories, four tobacco facto- ries, seven tanneries, one iron furnace, and one iron foundry. It contained 31 churches, 300 pupils attending public schools and 305 attending academies and other schools. Blue lime- stone underlies a large portion of the county. The streams fur- nish abundant motive i:)Ower for mills and factories. A railroad extends from Harper's Ferry to Winchester, the capital of the county. Turnpike roads radiate in several directions from the latter town. Formed in 1738. Population 15,975, of whom 13,681 were free, and 2294 slaves. Fredericksburg, the chief town of Spottsylvania county, Vir- ginia, on the right bank of the Rappahannock river, at the head of tide water, 65 miles N. of Richmond. It is pleasantly situated in a fertile valley, and has advantages fur commerce and manu- factures. The railroad from Washington to Richmond passes through the town, and a canal has been constructed from this place to a jwint on the river 40 miles above, by which large quantities of wheat, flour and tobacco are received for ex23orta- tion. The river affords extensive water j^ower, which, however, is not much used. Large quantities of fine granite and freestone are found in the vicinity. It contains five churches, one or- phan asylum, two seminaries, three or four newspaper offices and two banks. Population in 1840, 3974, in 1850, 4062, Frenchtown, a post village in Lewis county, Virginia 200 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. 31 242 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. CHAHLES KOONES, AND c:^ E3: j^ x lEX No. 187 King St., Cor. of Columbus St. The subscriber has constantly on hand and will continue to manufacture the great- est variety of Rosewood, Walnut, Mahog- any and Common Furniture, (Antique, Fi'ench and Modern styles,) in the most fashionable and durable manner. An examination of his Stock is invited. A. Xi. G'MEG-0!R3r; WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN mw S) TIN WARE, MOT ^IIM FIIM^\1€E^^ AND Hoyal St. 9 near the Market House, 9 Exchange Block, Over Potomac Insurance OfiBce, KING STREET, All kinds of Morocco, Velvet, Papier Mache, Pearl Shell, Sontag and Fancy Cases constantly on hand. Mr. HAAS offers to furnish Daguerreotypes at lower prices than they have ever been taken for in the Stale of Virginia, and at the same time guarantees faithful execution and perfect Likenesses which will never fade! GE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 243 Friends' Grove, a small post village of Charlotte county, Vir- ginia, 104 miles S. W. from Kiclimond, Front Kotal, a flourisliing post village, capital of Warren county, Virginia, 140 miles N. N. "VV. from Eichmond, and one mile E. from Shenandoah river. It is pleasantly situated in a valley between the river and the Blue Eidge. The railroad from Alexandria to Strasburg passes through this village,, and a plank road 20 miles long connects it with Winchester. The water power of the river has been improved by the erection of numerous flouring mills. Population, about 500. Gainesborough, Virginia. See Gainsborough. Gaines Cross Eoads, a small post village of Eappahannock county, Virginia, about 120 miles N. N. W. from Eichmond. Gainesville, a post office of Prince William county, Virginia. Gainsborough, a post village of Frederick county, Virginia, 150 miles N. N. W. from I^ichmond, contains two churches, and about thirty houses. Gainsborough, of Eoanoke county, Virginia. See Big Lick. Gap Mills, a post village of Monroe county, Virginia, 8 miles N, from the court house, has several mills and a woolen factory. Garland's, or Garland's Store, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 95 miles W. by N, from Eichmond. Gauley Bridge, a post village of Fayette county, Virginia, is situated just below the junction of the Gauley and New riv- ers, about 300 miles W. from Eichmond. It is the head of nav- igation on the river, which presents here a beautiful fall of 22 feet. Gauley Eiver, in the W. central part of Virginia, rises in Pocahontas county, flows nearly westward through Nicholas county, and unites with the New river at Gauley Bridge, in Fayette county, 36 miles above Charleston. Below the junc- tion, the river is called the Great Kanawha. The valley of Gauley river is about 60 miles long. This stream flows through a mountainous region. It aflbrds little facilities for navigation. Genito, a post village of Powhatan county, Virginia, on the left bank of the Appomattox river, twenty-nine miles W. from Eichmond. It contains one store and one flouring mill. Gerardstown, or Gerrardstown, a post village of Berkley county, Virginia, 166 miles N. by W. from Eichmond, contains three churches. 244 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JAMES A. ENGIJSII. CHARLES M. CASTLEMAN. CHAULES A. BALDWIN. ENGLISH, CASTLEMAN & CO. IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN lliriitoittt, Ciitkg, ^ittiMiig Materials, Bar Iron, Cast, Shear & Blister Steel, HOLLOW WARE, MAILS, &c. A large stock of the above goods kept constantly on hand and will be sold to Country Merchants as low as they can be procured in any Market. ALSO A LARGE STOCK OF D A ND c3p xj r^ JB^T.:^ An examination of their Stock is requested. GL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 245 German Settlement, a post office of Preston county, Virginia, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 270 miles N. W. from Kichmond. The village is called Mt. Carmel. Germantown, a village of Bath county, Virginia, half a mile from the Warm Springs. It has two stores, one hotel, and about 100 inhabitants. Germantown, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 95 miles N. by W. from Richmond. Gholsonville, a small post village of Brunswick county, Va. Giles, a county in the S. W. part of Virginia, has an area of about 550 square miles. It is intersected by the Kanawha or New river, and also drained by Walker's, Wolf, and Sinking creeks. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and live stock are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 204,720 bushels of corn, 38,565 of wheat, fi8,494 of oats, 1960 tons of hay and 83,120 pounds of butter. It contained 17 churches and 820 pu- pils attending public schools. Since the census of 1850 was taken the dimensions of the county have been reduced by the formation of Craig county out of the K E. part. Capital, Paris- burg. Population, 6570, of Avhom 5913 were free, and 657 slaves. Giles Court House, Va. See Parisburg. Gilmer, a county in the W. N. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 512 square miles. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay and live stock are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 117,- 990 bushels of corn, 5652 of wheat, 22,085 of oats, 1023 tons of hay and 33,277 pounds of butter. It contained one saw mill, one tannery, five churches, and 159 pupils attending public schools. The county contains salt springs and iron ore. It is ntersected by the Parkersburg and Weston turnpike. Capital, Glenville. Population, 3475, of whom 3403 were free and 72 slaves. Glade Spring, a post village of Washington county, Virginia, ten miles from Abingdon ; is the seat of Emory and Henry col- lege, founded by the Methodists in 1838. Glenville, a small post village, capital of Gilmer county, Virginia, on little Kanawha river, 210 miles in a direct line W. N. W. from Richmond. Gloucester county, Virginia, situated on Chesapeake bay, in the S. E. part of the State, contains 280 square miles. Large quantities of oysters and wood are exported to New York and 246 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. J. J. ROBERTS. E. S. PLUMMER. KING STREET, A.IjiES3^j3L3M"X>:Fl.i:j^. ROBERTS & PLUMMER, Proprietors. <<•< > ■ Located in the centre of the business portion of the city, and within a few minutes' walk of all places of public Lec- tures and Amusement. The Proprietors assure their friends that no pains will be spared to make their stay at the MARSHALL HOUSE an agreeable one. 4r^ ')Eyd? ^i^ S,? ^-o^ 'OT <^ M^ ^i & ^^ t^ m Will be in waiting at the Cars and Steamboats to convey passengers to this Hotel. BOA.IID I>EIl D^^Y S1.75. GR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 247 Philadelphia. In 1850 this county produced 336,063 bushels of corn, 65,551 of wheat, and 62 bales of cotton. There were 16 flour, grist and saw mills, and two tanneries. It contained 14 churches, 253 pupils attending public schools, and 95 attending academies or other schools. Formed in 1642. Capital, Glou- cester Court House. Population, 10,527, of whom 4970 were free, and 5557 slaves. Gloucester Court House, capital of Gloucester county, Vir- ginia, 82 miles E. S. E. from Eichmond. GoLANDSviLLE, or GoLANSviLLE, a post village in Caroline co., Virginia. Goochland, a county toward the S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 260 square miles. James river forms the S. boundary through the whole length of the county. Tobacco,, Indian corn, wheat and oats are the staples. Extensive mines of bituminous coal are worked here, and gold has been found in small quan- tities. In 1850 this county produced 624,208 pounds of tobacco, 276,338 bushels of corn, 141,999 of wheat and 104,018 of oats. There Avere 20 flour and saw mills, four coal mines, three tan- neries an,d one nail factory. It contained 15 churches, and 320 pupils attending academies and other schools. Capital, Gooch- land Court House. Population, 10,352, of whom 4507 were free, and 5845 slaves. Goochland Court House, a post village, capital of Goochland county, Virginia, one mile N. from James river, and 28 W. from Eichmond. GoosE Creek, in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises in Fauquier county, flows north-eastward, crosses Loudoun county, and falls into the Potomac four miles E. from Leesburg, after a course of nearly 50 miles. GoRDONSViLLE, a post village of Orange county, Virginia, on the Central railroad, and at the terminus of the Orange and Alexandria railroad, 70 miles N. W. from Eichmond. GospoRT. — See Portsmouth. Granville, a post village of Monongalia county, Virginia, on the Monongahela river, 295 miles N. W. from Eichmond. Grape Island, a post office of Tyler county, Virginia. Grave Creek, a thriving post village, capital of Marshall county, Virginia, is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Ohio, twelve miles below Wheeling. Big and Little Grave 248 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GR GAZETTEER OF VIRtSINIA. 249 creeks enter the river here, leaving an interval of a mile in width, on which the village is built. It is divided into two dis- tinct villages, of nearly equal size, namely, Elizabethtown and Moundsville, the former of which is the seat of justice. The name of the post office is Grave creek. The town contains a classical academy, two steam flouring mills, and about 1200 in- habitants. Moundsville derives its name from the mammoth mound, in the vicinity, one of the largest in the United States- Gravel Spring, a post office of Frederick county, Virginia. Graves' Mills, a post office of Washington county, Virginia, 108 miles N. W. from Richmond. Grayson, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, bordering on North Carolina, contains 340 square miles. It is drained by the Kanawha river. The Iron Mountain extends along the N. W. border and the Blue Ridge along the S. E. The county contains iron ore, and is amply supplied with water power. Indian corn oats, hay and live stock are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 177,260 bushels of corn, 110,770 of oats, 88,707 lbs. of butter and 3522 tons of hay. It contained 21 churches and 217 pupils attending public schools. Organized in 1793, and named in honor of a member of the Virginia convention which ratified the federal constitution. Capital, Independence. Population, 6677, of whom 6178 were free, and 499 slaves. Grayson Court House, of Virginia. See Independence. Grayson Sulphur Springs, of Carroll county, Virginia, on the bank of New river, 272 miles W. by S. from Richmond. These springs are surrounded by a hilly country remarkable for its salubrity. Buildings have been erected for the entertainment of visiters. Greasy Creek, a post office of Floyd county, Virginia. Great Bridge, a post village in Norfolk county, Virginia. Great Kanawha, a river in North Carolina and Virginia, has its sources in Ashe county of the former State, between the Blue Ridge and the Iron Mountain. Flowing north-eastward it enters Virginia and breaks through the Iron mountain on the northern border of Grayson county. After crossing Pulaski county, it assumes a north-westerly course, and traverses several ridges of the Alleghany chain, known by the local names of Walk- er's, Peter's, and Greenbrier mountains. Below the j^assage of the latter ridge, the river flows through Fayette county to the mouth 32 250 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. FOR SCOTTSVILLE & COLUMBIA. On and after Monday, January 8th, our Packet, CAPT. G. WYTHE MUNFORD, Jr. Will leave Kicbmond for ScottsviUe, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY, at 5 o'clock, P. M and arrive at ScottsviUe at i 1 o'clock, A. M., the next day. Ueturning, will leave ScottsviUe every TUKSD\Y and THUllSDA Y. at 2 o'clock, P. M , and arrive in Kichniond at 8 o'clock, A. M., the next day,— and SUNDAYS at 10 o'clock, A. M., and arrive in Richmond at 4 o'clock, A. M., on MONDAYS. THE PLOUG H-BO Y Will leave Richmond every TUESDAY, THURSDAY and SATURDAY, at 7 o'clock, A. M., arrive at Columbia at 7>^ o'clock, P. M. Returning, wiU leave Columbia at T o'clock, A. M., arrive in Richmond at half past 7 o'clock, P. M. Persons traveling on these PacUets can get all their Meals on Board and and iHOURS OF PASSING. COTTSVItiliE. Tuesd av i and TO Thu rsd ays. Sundays New Canton, 5 P M. 1 P. M Columbia, 1H " 3i^ » Elk Hill, m 4K " Pemberton, 9V 5M " Rock Castle, 105^ " 63^ " Bowling Hall, 12 M. s " Cedar Point, \'i}i A M. ^% " FKOM SCOTTSVILLE. Michaux Ferry, Beaver Dam, Dover Mills, Manakin, Tuckahoe, Richmond, HOURS FOR PASSING. Sundays. 9 A.M. 9X " 17 M. 1 A. M, 4 " STAUNTON, IVOODWARD & COALTER, Proprietors. GR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 251 of Clauley river, which, enters it from the right hand. The Kan- awha here attains a Avidth of 500 yards, and takes the name of the Great Kanawha. The falls, which occur about two miles below the junction, are somewhat remarkable for picturesque beauty, and form the limit of navigation. The whole stream is precipitated over a ledge of rocks 22 feet in height. Con- tinuing a north-western course, the river flows through a hilly region, abounding in salt springs and stone coal, passes by Charleston and enters the Ohio at Point Pleasant. Above the mouth of Gauley river it bears the local name of New river. The whole length is estimated at 400 miles, and the area drained, including its affluents, according to Darby, is 10,800 square miles. It is navigated by steamboats from its mouth about seventy-five miles. Green Bank, a post office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. Green Bay, a post office of Prince Edward county, Virginia. Greenbottom, a post office of Cabell county, Virginia. Greenbrier, a county in the West central part of Virginia, has an area of 88U square miles. It is intersected by the Green- brier river, from which it derives its name. The surface is mostly occupied by mountain ridges of the Alleghany system and the intervening valleys. One of the former is called Green- brier mountain. The mean height of the arable land is esti- mated at about 1500 feet above the sea. Grain and grass are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 182,119 bushels of Indian corn, 4t,T*78 of wheat, 124,158 of oats and 6,359 tons of ha}'. It contained 22 churches, 900 pupils attending public schools, and 30 attending an academy. The main road from Eichmond to the Ohio river passes through the county. The White Sulphur Spring of this county is tlie most celebrated wa- tering place of Virginia. Formed in 1777. Capital, Lewisburg, Population 10,022, of whom 8,705 were free and 1,317 slaves. Greenbrier Mountain, in Greenbrier and Pocahontas coun- ties, in the West part of Virginia, has an elevation of more than 2,000 feet. Greenbrier Kiver, of Western Virginia, rises at the base of Greenbrier mountain in the North part of Pocahontas county flows South-westward, crosses Greenbrier county, and enters the Kanawha or New river, on the border between Monroe and Mer- cer counties. The whole length is probably 150 miles. The mean 252 PETERSBURG BUSINESS BIRECTORY. G-. "W. MINNIS, SPLMDIDDAdUEIIREIMfiilLlERy, Where Pictures of every style known in the PaKuerreian Art may he had in the shortest possible space of time, whicn, for correctness and beauty of (inisli, cannot be surpassed by any other establishment in the country. A line assortment of LOCKETS, BREAST PINS, RINGS, 8cC. Always on hand at the Gallery over LYO-N, ABRAHAM & DAVIS' STORf, PETERSBURG And Main street, 2d door from the Bridge, Lynchburg. JOSEPH TODP. E. O. IIINTON. THOMAS M. TIIAYLOR TODD, HINTON & TRAYLOR, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL WS tSm w W 'M B w B w BB E3I o* BH El W D B3 SSS w BIB B3 H lES! v» U Corner of Sycamore and Back streets, DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC PAINTS, GLASSWARE, PERFUMERY, &c. PUBLISHED BY A. D. BANKS. EDITED BY A. D. I5Ai\IiS & A. M. KEILEY, Daily $4.00; Semi- Weekly $3.00 per annum, in advance. JOHN W. SYME, Editor and Proprietor. Daily Paper, per annum, $G.OO ; Trl-Weekly, per annum, $5.00. RATES OF ADVERTISING: In Daily — Paper included, ----- $40 per annum. In Tri-Weekly - 31 " Transient Advertisements, seventy-five cents per square. Printing Office on Bank street, next to the Exchange Bank. THE DAILY EXPRESS. BY A. F. CRUTfJHFIELD & CO. < ^»» » The DAILY EXPRESS is served to city subscribers at six aN") a qharter cents per week, payable to the Carrier weekly. Price for mailing Ft»LrR dollars per year. 'I'lie WKEKLY EXPRESS, containing eight large quarto pages, is mailed for only TWO DOLLARS per annum. OFFICE IN THE EXPRESS BUILDINGS, BANK STREET. GR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 253 elevation of its valley is estimated at one thousand five hun- dred feet, as the mouth of the river has been found by measure- ment to be 1333 feet above the level of the sea. Greenbrier Run, a post office of Doddridge county, Virginia. Greene, a county in the East central part of Virginia, has an area of 230 square miles. The Rapidan river forms the boun- dary on the North East. The surface is diversified by high ridges and valleys, a part of the county lying on the south-east declivity of the Blue Ridge. The soil of the valleys is fertile. Indian corn, wheat and tobacco are the staples. In 1850, this county produced 137,293 bushels of corn, 42,416 of wheat and 200,714 pounds of tobacco. There were six flour and grist mills, four saw mills, 2 tanneries and one wool-carding mill. It contained eight churches and 152 pupils actending public schools. A turnpike road has been commenced in the county. Organized in 1838. Capital, Stanardsville. Population 4400, of whom 2701 were free, and 1699 slaves. Greenfield, a post village in Nelson county, Virginia, 90 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. Green Hill, a post office of Campbell county, Virginia. Green Level, a post office of Southampton county, Virginia- Greensburg, a post office of Preston county, Virginia. Green Spring Run, a post office of Hampshire county, Va. Greensville, a small village of Grayson county, Virginia, on the New river, 270 miles West by South from Richmond, was formerly the county seat. Green Valley, a post office of Bath county, Virginia. Greenville, a county in the South East part of Virginia, bor- dering on North Carolina, contains about 300 square miles. The Nottoway river bounds it on the North, and it is intersected by the Meherrin river. The Staple ^productions are corn, wlieat, tobacco and cotton. In 1850 there were raised 211,537 bushels of Indian corn; 17,619 of wheat; 138,000 pounds of tobacco; and 715 bales of cotton. It contained one iron foundry, 1 grist mill and one tannery, 12 churches and 125 pu])ils attending academies and other schools. The railroad from Riclimond to Weldon, North Carolina, passes through the county. Organ- ized in 1784. Capital, Hicksford. Population, 5,639, of whom 1,854 were free and 3,785 slaves. Greenville, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, on 254 PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. VISCISII UD KOBTII (lliOLINI CUTIIIMf GENTLEMffl'S FDRNiSHIH WPh mi ODSE A. S. SHAFER 5T3 T^ b:e> zm 02 ^ IS 'CS' IXi CSS-a @ Manufacturers and "Wholesale and Retail Dealers in ^ mum Always on hand a complete assortment of Dress Coats, Frock Coats, Hunting Coats, Sack Coats, Business Coats, Over Coats, Summer Coats, Fall Coats, Winter Coats, Spring Coats, AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF COATS. Pants! Pants!! Pants!!! Read3--madc or made to order, in the most Fashionable style and at prices to suit customers. Vests! Vests! Vests! Suitable for every season, made from various Goods, Silk, Sa- tin, Cassimere, Tweed, Al- paca, Velvet, plain, figured and fancy. Keep constantly a full as- sortment of Furnishing Goods, such as mm, ran mm. diii iis, ciuiis. cimfs. scisfs, GLOVES, IIOSIEI^Y, And all other Goods usually kejjt in a Furnishing Siore. Having very great facilities for Manufacturing, we are' warranted in stating to the public that they may be assured of full satisfaction, promptness and dispatch being used in the execution of all orders, at this Establishment. A. S. SHAFER & CO. HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 255 the South river, near its source. 120 miles W. N. W. from Rich- mond. It contains one academy, several stores, and one flour- ing mill. Population fi'om 300 to 400. Greenwood, a post office of Doddridge county, Virginia. Greigsville, a thriving post village of Preston county, Vir- ginia, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Griffinsburg, a small post village of Culpepper county, Vir- ginia, 103 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. Griffithsville, a post office of Cahell county, Virginia. Grove Hill, a post office of Page county, Virginia. Groveton, a post office of Prince William county, Virginia. Guest Station, a post office of Russell county, Virginia. Guilford, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. Guiney's, a post office of Caroline county, Virginia. GuYANDOTTE river, in the West part of Virginia, rises in the South East part of Logan county, and flowing in a general N. N. W. course, falls into the Ohio in Cabell county, about 10 miles above the mouth of the Sandy river. GuYANDOTTE, a thriving post village of Cabell county, Virginia, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of the Guyandotte, 228 miles below Wheeling, and 360 miles West by North from Richmond. It is an important point of steamboat debarkation, and the ter- minus of a turnpike extending to the watering places, and to Richmond, with which it communicates by a daily line of stages. A railroad is projected between this place and Coving- ton, to connect with the Central railroad. Guyandotte contains one or two churches and, perhaps, 1,000 inhabitants. Hadensville, a post office of Goochland county, Virginia. Hague, a post village in Westmoreland county, Virginia. Hainesville, a post office of Berkley county, Virginia. Hale's Ford, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia. Haleysburg, a post office of Lunenburg county, Virginia. Halifax, a county in the South part of Virginia, bordering on North Carolina, has an area of 960 square miles. The Staunton or Roanoke river forms its entire boundary on the North and East. It is intersected by the Dan river, which unites with the former on the border of the county, and also drained by the Banister and Hycootee rivers. Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, oats, cattle and swine are the staples. By the census of 1850 it produced more tobacco and oats than any other county in 256 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. C. C. BRADLEY, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN Corner of King and Alfred streets, /^[LlEX^lN] P[^D^ DEALER IN PIANOS, IBWIill 5 GUITARS, AOOQBOIONS VIOLINS, &G. Music, Books, Stationery, &c. SS. Z 3Xr G&- S T? I=L ES ES T? , UNDER WASHINGTON HALL, STABLERS' DffUG WAREHOU.., South Fairfax street, near King, .a.:ljJei zsl .a. isr Ty i^ I .a^ y ESTABLISHED 1793. JOHN LEADS EATER, (Sun'iving partner and successor of Wm. Stabler & Bro.) WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Keeps constantly on hand a full stock of goods in his line, fresh and genuine, suitable for city or country trade. Proprietor of Rice's Celebrated Worm Destroying Drops, &c. HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 257 Virginia : the quantity of the former was not exceeded by any county in the Union, excepting Prince George of Maryland. There were raised in that year 6,485,762 pounds of tobacco, 649,896 bushels of corn ; 146,769 of wheat and 365,182 of oats. There were five ilour mills, four grist mills, 2 manufactories of farming implements, and two tanneries. It contained 51 churches; 252 pupils attending public schools and 36 pupils at- tending an academy. A rich mine of plumbago has recently been discovered. The county is intersected by the Eichmond and Danville railroad. Organized in 1752. Capital, Banister.^ Poj)ulation, 25,962 of whom 11,510 were free, and 14,452 slaves. Halifax Court House, Virginia. See Banister. Hallsborough, a village of Chesterfield county, Virginia, 17 miles S. W. from Eichmond. Hallsborough, a post office of Powhatan county, Virginia. Halltown, a post office in Jefferson county, Virginia. Hambaugh's, a post office of Warren county, Virginia. Hamburg, a post office of Shenandoah county, Virginia. Hamilton, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, about 157 miles North from Eichmond. Hamlin, a post office of Cabell county, Virginia. Hampden Sidney College, a post ofiice of Prince Edward county, Virginia. Hampshire, a county in the North part of Virginia, bordering on Maryland, contains 850 square miles. It is drained by the Cacapon river and by the North and South branches of the Po- tomac. The surface is occupied by the valleys and ridges of the Alleghany chain. The soil of the lowlands is mostly fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and wool are the staples. In 1850 it produced 292,252 bushels of corn, 177,343 of wheat, 84,118 of oats, 8996 tons of hay and 248,467 pounds of butter. There were 19 flour mills, one iron furnace, four woolen facto- ries and 11 tanneries. It contained 33 churches, 1,500 puijils attending public schools, and 145 attending academies and other schools. The county contains extensive beds of coal and iron ore, which are easily accessible by the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. The streams afford excellent water-power. Cap- ital, Eomney. Population 14,036, of whom 12,603 were free and 1,433 slaves. 33 ^ 258 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. ISAAC ENTWISLE. WM. S. MOOEE. ENTWISLE & MOORE, XJMION STREET, 3xr x> :e=5- I jA., MANUFACTURERS OF STATIONARY STBIM ENGINES And every description of MILL GEARING) SHAFTINGS, PULLEYS, And Machine work generally. Also, IRON FENCING, both "Wrought and Cast, of superior quality, on shortest notice. W. II. GARBEE. JOHN B. BRECKINRIDGE. S. L. STEVENSON. mmw^^ &'^ vim, H. GAHBER & CO,, Proprietors. SITUATED AT THE RAIL ROAD DEPOT. |I5^ STAGES leave daily for all parts of the country. HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 259 Hampstead, a post village in King George county, Virginia, near the Potomac river, 56 miles N. N. E. from Eiclimond. Hampton, a borough, capital of Elizabeth City county, Vir- ginia, on the left bank of James river, about two miles from its entrance into the Chesapeake bay, and 96 miles S. E. from Eichmond. The part of the estuary of James river, situated between this town and Norfolk^ is called Hampton roads. Hamp- ton is an old town, possessing much historic interest, and has been the birth place of several distinguished naval officers. Its present importance is derived principally from its proximity to forts Monroe and Calhoun. The former, in addition to its other sources of expenditure, has lately become one of the most fashionable places of resort in the South. The beach in the vicinity aifords excellent bathing ground, and is thronged du- ring the summer months with the wealthy and fashionable, and by some invalids, assembled there from Virginia, Maryland and the Southern States. Fort Monroe is two and a half miles from Hampton. The town contains four churches, several hotels and numerous stores. Settled in 1*705. Population, about 1400. Hancock, a new county, forming the K K W. extremity of Virginia^ bordering on Pennsylvania and on the Ohio river, has an area of about 100 square miles. The Ohio river forms its boundary on the N. and W., separating it from the State of Ohio. The surface is hilly ; the soil is fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, wool, butter, and pork are the staples. In 1850 it produced 52,413 bushels of wheat, 52,392 of corn, 52,444 of oats, 63,666 pounds of wool, and 75,966 of butter. There were eight flour, grist and saw mills, twelve brick manufactories, and two potteries. It contained six churches, 360 pupils attending pub- lic schools, and 25 attending an academy. Stone coal and fire- clay are among the most valuable minerals of the county. It was formed a few years ago, out of the Northern part of Brooke county. Capital, New Cumberland. Population, 4050, of whom 4047 were free, and three slaves. Hanover, a county in the E. part of Virginia, contains about 400 square miles. It is drained by the North Anna and South Anna rivers, which unite on the N. E. border of the county, and form the Pamunkey. The surface is hilly, and presents much diversity of soil. Wheat, maize, oats and tobacco are the 260 ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. cCLUNG & PEYTOH, PROPRIETORS. p^ The United States Hail Stage office is kept at this House. .^5LXiE!^jaLl«Q"J33E=LX.A. [F®[!^rai^^. FINISHERS & BELL FOUNDERS, ' I »i« «i« Si 1* n. lEs 3e: ■!:■ , Between Cameron and Green, ADDIBON & HOTVAKD, COMISSIOMFORWABDiGMERCHiTS, AND CASH DEALERS IN AGRICULTLRAl IMPlElIEnS, SEEBS, ClU Ar¥0, PLASTER, &c. UNION STREET, ALEXANDRIA. (!t3= Particular attention paid to the sale of Wheat, Eye, Corn, &'C.=CdO HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 261 staples. In 1850 this county produced 377^616 bushels of In- dian corn, 157,388 of wlieat, 94,186 of oats, 404,550 pounds of tobacco, and 78,316 of butter. There were 24 flour and grist mills, three tanneries and two manufactories of farming imple- ments. It contained 27 churches, 56 pupils attending public schools, and 352 attending academies or other schools. The dividing line between the primitive and tertiary formations passes through this county. It is intersected by the Central railroad, and by the Kichmond and Potomac railroad. The streams afford extensive water power. Organized in 1720. Capital, Hanover Court House. Population 15,153, of whom 6,760 were free, and 8393 slaves. Hanover Court House, capital of Hanover county, Virginia, is situated one mile from the Pamunkey river, and twenty miles N. from Kichmond. The railroad from Eichmond to the Poto- mac passes near it. This place is memorable as the scene of Patrick Henry's early triumphs, and in more recent times as the birth place of Henry Clay. Hansonville, a post office of Kussell county, Virginia. Hardin's Tavern, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 88 miles W. by N. from Richmond. Hardware River, rises in Albemarle county, near the centre of Virginia, and falls into the James river in Fluvanna county. Hardwicksville, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia. Hardy, a county in the N. part of Virginia, bordering on Maryland, has an area of about 1400 square miles. It is in- tersected by the S. branch of the Potomac^ which, in its passage through the county, receives two affluents, called the North and South forks ; the county is also drained by the N. branch of the Potomac, and by Cacapon and Lost rivers. The surface is very mountainous and rocky. The North mountain forms its E. boundary ; the main Alleghany and Branch mountains extend across the county. The soil of the valleys is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, hay, cattle, pork and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 327,846 bushels of corn, 85,225 of wheat, 6362 tons of hay, and 119,686 of butter. There were 21 flour, grist and saw mills, four wool carding mills, and five tan- neries. It contained eighteen churches, 622 pupils attending public schools, and 57 attending academies or other schools. The county has valuable mines of iron ore. It was named in 262 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. WHOLESALE AND EETAIL. OODMAN, No. 134 Main street, opposite Eagle Square, riohm:oni3. Invites the attention of all in want of clothing and furnishing goods to his large and extensive stock, which he will guarantee to sell at prices as low, if not lower, than any other Establishment in the city. All articles warranted of the best make, from finest to lowest grades. It is needless, after thelong trial which the Public has had with my goods, to say more. All I ask is a fair trial, and none v/ill be dissatisfied. A partial List of Clothing for Winter, Spring and Summer ; Double OVER SACKS, Beaver OVER SACKS, French Tiger COATS, DRESS COATS, Splendid SACKS, FROCK COATS, Heavy Business FROCKS, French Beaver OVERCOATS, OVERCOATS of all grades, Mackinaw, Tweeds, &c. French Business FROCKS, Black and Fancy Cassimere PANTS, CLOAKS, all grades, VESTS of Silk, Satin, Merino, Wool, Velvets, Valencias, Cassimeres, &c. In my stock of GENTLEMEN'S SUMMER WEAR, I am always prepared to show the Newest Styles and Latest Patterns of Goods- All kinds of Linen Frockf; and Sacks— MettiWy Camlet, Drap d'ete, Tweeds, and every other New Style which may present itself; Black, Fancy, White and other styles of Pants, and every kind of Vests, usually worn by Gentlemen, which I of- ler UNUSUALLY LOW. I have paid particular attention to the articles of SHIRTS AND DRAWERS. I keepalargesupply of Linen and Cotton Shirts, from $1 to .fa" each ; also, every variety of Under Shirts, Merino, liambs' Wool, Shaker, Net, Flan- nel, heavy, knit do ; also, Drawers of the cele- brated patent, that fit equal to well cut pantaloons; also. Buckskin and Silk Under Shirts and Draw- ers ; Collars, all styles and prices. Every description of Umbrellas, Gloves, Stocks, Half Hose, Ties, Suspenders, Cravats, Money Belts, Scarfs, Suspender Ends, Pocket Handker- chiefs, &c. INDIA RUBBER GOODS, OVERCOATS 9 CLOAK OS, GLOVES Also a large assortment of TRUNKS, CARPET BAGS, &c. HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 263 lionor of Samuel Hardy, a member of Congress from Virginia in 1784. Capital, Moorefield. Population, 9543, of wliom 8283 were free, and 1260 slaves. Hargrove's Tavern, a post office of Nansemond count}'', Va. Harmony, a post village in Halifax county, Virginia, 110 miles S. W. from Riclimond. Harmony Grove, a post office of Taylor county, Virginia. Harper's Ferry, a post village of Jeiferson county, Virginia, is situated at the confluence of the Shenandoah with the Poto- mac river, where the united stream breaks through the Blue Ridge, 160 miles N. from Richmond, and 53 miles N. W. from Washington city. The scenery in the vicinity is in the highest degree beautiful and picturesque. Thomas Jeiferson considered the " passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge one of the most stupendous scenes in nature, and well worth a voyage across the Atlantic to witness." The place was originally named Shenandoah Falls. Its present name is derived from a ferry long since established across the Potomac, which is also spanned by a fine bridge, about 800 feet in length. The vil- lage is compactly, though irregularly, built around the base of a hill, and is the centre of considerable trade. It contains four or five churches, several manufactories and flouring mills, a United States armory, in which about 250 hands are employed, producing, among other articles, some 10,000 muskets annually, and a national arsenal. In the latter are continually stored from 80,000 to 90,000 stand of arms. As these are subject to the orders of the executive department at Washington, the de- ficiencies occurring from time to time are supplied from the factories. Harper's Ferry is in the line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and at the northern terminus of a railroad con- necting it with Winchester. The Ohio and Chesapeake canal also passes along the opposite side of the Potomac. Harper's Home, a post office of Brunswick county, Virginia. Harper's Mills, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. Harris, a post office of Louisa county, Virginia. Harrisonburg, a neat and thriving post village, capital of Rockingham county, Virginia, 125 miles N. W. from Richmond. It is surrounded by a fertile and beautiful country, and has con- siderable business. There are three churches and two printing offices. Laid out in 1780. Population in 1853, estimated at 1300. 264 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. JOHN & G-EORG-E GIBBON, / ^ I^M" DEOB B^a[L®i[^ 3 North Oorner of Gary and 6th Streets, iiichm:ond. B ,,, Mwi'l feb^l ifefic^ 'jiMd W -Tprr , K~ ■&«? Execute all work in their line of Imsiness in a manner not to be snriiasscd. All kinds of (3 A fSIE'S WOIEIE done: in a neat and durable manner. All work executed by them is warranted, and their terms are reasonable and accom- modating. Every description of Pwrjiislied in any qnawtity, at sliort notice, and on reasonable terms. They solicit a share of public patronage. HE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 265 Harrisville, a small post-village, capital of Kitcliie county Virginia, 4 miles from the northwestern turnpike, and 37 miles E. from Parkershurg. It contains 2 churches. Hartwood, a post-office of Stafford county, Virginia. Hat Creek, a post-office of Campbell county, Virginia. Hawsburg, a post-village in Eappahannock county, Virginia, 130 miles N. N. W. from Eichmond. Hayes' Store, a post-office of Gloucester county, Virginia. Hayleysburg, a post-office of Lunenhurg county, Virginia, 95 miles S, W. from Richmond. Hay Market, a post-village in Prince William county, Vir- ginia, 110 miles N. from Richmond, Hayter's GrAP, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. Hazard Forge, a post-office of Hardy county, Virginia. Head of Clinch, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Head Waters, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia. Heathsville, a handsome post-village, capital of Northum- berland county, Virginia, is situated on the Northern Neck, 92 miles N. E. from Richmond, and 1 mile from the head of Coan river, a navigable inlet opening into the Potomac. It has a large church, an academy, and a mill. Hebron, a post-office of Tyler county, Virginia, Hedgesville, a thriving post-village of Berkley county, Vir- ginia, 1 mile from the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 187 miles N. by W. from Richmond. Population, about 300. Hedgman's River, in the N. E. part of Virginia, flows along the S. W, border of Fauquier county, and unites with Thorn- ton's river to form the North river, or Rappahannock. Hendricks' Mills, a post-office of Russell county, Virginia. Hendricks' Store, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia, Henrico, hen-ri'co, a county towards the S. E, part of Vir- ginia, has an area of 280 square miles. The James river forms its boundary on the S. W., and the Chickahominy on the N. E- The surface is diversified by hills of moderate height and de- clivity, j)resenting abrupt precipices along the banks of the rivers. The soil, with small exceptions, is light and inferior. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, cotton, and butter are the sta- ples. In 1850 this county produced 113,044 bushels of wheat • 266,011 of corn ; 83,832 of oats ; 2196 tons of hay ; 338 bales of cotton, and 66,615 pounds of butter. There were 32 tobacco 34 266 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. THOMAS ROBINSON, IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 1 SECr A m m 9 C. JVo. 53 SIOUTJI SITREET\ JOHN HIGBIE. J. BAKLING, JR. JOHN HIGBIE & CO. Distillers of and Wholesale Sealers in FOR ETHEREAL OIL DEALERS, No. 11 President Street, Baltimore. THOMAS J. FLACK, CONTINUES THE RECTIFYING AND DISTILLING OF if raw J AND ALL IMPORTED LIQUORS, At the Old Stand, Corner of Bowly & Gilford Sts. CUMBERLAND VALLEY & CHAMBERSBURG FORWARDING & COMMISSION HOUSE, DEPOT, 120 NORTH HOWARD STREET, BALTIMORE. ir-fr-un-Mr'Tic S J- WUNDEELICH, SHrppKNSBtmG, Pa. LBfBKurn^tis.. ^ WUNDEKLICH & NEAD, Chambebsbukg, Pa. HI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 2(57 factories, 10 flour and grist mills, 4 cliandleries, 1 paper mill, 1 iron foundry, 4 coal mines, 5 saw mills, 1 iron forge, and 4 ma- chine shops. It contained 44 cliurches, 15 newspaper offices, 859 jjupils attending public schools, and 1123 attending acade- mies and other schools. The dividing line between the tertiary and primary formations passes through the county. Large quantities of bituminous coal are procured in the western part. The falls of James river, at Richmond, afford extensive water- power. The James river and Kanawha canal has its eastern terminus in this county, and three lines of railways connect with each other at Richmond, namely, the Richmond and Dan- ville, the Richmond and Petersburg, and the Richmond and Potomac. Henrico is the most populous county in the State. Richmond is the county seat and capital of Virginia. Named in honor of Prince Henry of England, son of James the first. Population about 60,000. Henrie's Fork, a post-office of Gilmer county, Virginia. Henry, a county in the S. part of Virginia, bordering on North Carolina, has an area of about 325 square miles. Smith's river, an affluent of the Dan, flows through the county. The surface is hilly ; the soil produces tobacco, Indian corn and wheat. In 1850 there were raised 1,013,0*79 pounds of tobacco ; 232,311 bushels of corn, and 29,704 of wheat. There were 6 flour, grist, and saw mills, 2 tanneries, and 22 tobacco facto- ries. It contained 13 churches, and 1391 pupils attending pub- lic schools. Formed in 1776, and named in honor of the cele- brated orator, Patrick Henry. Capital, Martinsville. Popula- tion, 8872, of whom 5532 were free, and 3340 slaves. Henry, a post-office of Sussex county, Virginia. Hereford's, a post-office of Mason county, Virginia. Hermitage, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. Hevener's Store, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia, Hickory Fork, a post-office of Gloucester county, Virginia. Hickory Ground, a post-office of Norfolk county, Virginia. Hicksford, a post-village, capital of Greenville county, Vir- ginia, on the Meherrin river, and on the great Southern line of railroad, 02 miles S. from Richmond. The Greenville and Roanoke railroad extends from this point to Gaston. Higginsville, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. Highland, a county in the central part of Virginia, contains 268 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. JOHN & JOSEPH WALKER, PAINTS, OILS, WINDOW-GLASS, JDJ'H'STUFFS JPERFirjfTERir, ^c. No. 41 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, NEAR LOMBARD STREET, :0.A.XjTI3VEO3Et3E3- WM. McGOWAN. JOHN 0. McGOWAN. JOHN McGOWAN & SONS, <2r 3E1.0 O 1BI£1.S» AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 3Y§ i;VEST MARKET STREET, C. C. O'NEIL, COMMISSION MERCHANT AND DEALER IN IMPOETED BRANDIES, WINES, GIN, LONDON BROWN STOUT, Scotch Ales, Domestic Liquors, Segars, COUNTKY PKODUCE GENEP.ALLY, Choice G-roceries, Teas, &c. S. E. CORNER OF HOWARD AND PRATT STREETS, (Near B. & O. R. R. Depot,) i^^i^a]^^ "JCD DRAKELY & FENTON, REYNOLDS, SMITH & CO. E. GARRETT & SONS, G. R. GAITUER, Esq. C. C. JAMIESON, Prest. Bank of Balto. L. B, BANKS, Prest. U. M. Co. Md. MILLER & MAY HEW. HO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 269 about 400 square miles. The head streams of the Potomac and James rivers rise within its limits, and flow in opposite direc- tions. The surface is diversified by valleys and mountains, having the main Allegany on the N. W. border, and Jack- son's River mountain in the middle. The highlands produce valuable timber and excellent pasture, and contain iron ore. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 54,241 bushels of corn ; 22,456 of wheat; 34,644 of oats; 6354 tons of hay; and 83,067 pounds of butter. There were 3 grist mills and 4 tanneries. It con- tained 10 churches, and 135 pupils attending academies or other schools. Formed, in 1848, of parts of Bath and Pendle- ton counties. Capital, Monterey. Population, 4227 ; of whom 3863 were free, and 364 slaves. Highland, a post-office of Eitchie county, Virginia. HiGHViEW, a post-office of Frederick county, Virginia. Hill GtROVE, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. Hillsborough, a post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 165 miles N. from Richmond. It contains 1 or 2 churches, 1 acad- emy, and 2 flour mills. Population, about 300. Hillsborough, a post-village of Tyler county, Virginia, on Middle Island creek, 6 miles from the Ohio river, has about 100 inhabitants. Hillsville, a post-village, capital of Carroll county, Virginia, 260 miles W. by S. from Richmond. It contains a court house, a church, and an academy. Population about 200. Holcomb's Rock, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Holliday's Cove, a post-office of Hancock county, Virginia. Holly River, a post-office of Braxton county, Virginia. 'HoLSTON, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. Holy Neck, a post-office of Nansemond county, Virginia. Honeyvelle, a post-village of Page county, Virginia, on Honey creek, 137 miles N. W. from Richmond. It contains 1 church and several mills. HooDSViLLE, a post-office of Marion county, Virginia. Hope Mills, a post-office of Page county, Virginia, 140 miles N. W. from Richmond. HoREB, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Horn Creek, a post-office of Gilmer county, Virginia. HoRNTOWN, a small post-village of Accomac county, Virginia, 270 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. FAYETTE STREET, 3V£:./VfC THE! IIOIjIjia3A.Y S1"H.EE!1' THU-a-THIEI, [B^LTD[M]©[^[Eo HI. SIIUOIV, Proprietor. JAMES J. LAWN, FIRE-PROOF ISVAREHOUSE & R. R. DEPOT, No. 136 North Howard Street, 113 A Ed ^ H MI ® 3B H |l3="Buy9 and sells Flour, Pork, Beef, Bacon, Lard, Butter, Cheese, Clover and Timothy Seed, Grain and Produce in general ; also Tobacco, Hemp and Leather. Groceries furnished at a very small advance over Importers' prices, for Cash. BALTIMORE REFERENCES : CHAUNCET BROOKS, Esq., President of the "Western Bank, COL. JNO. 8. GlTTINGS, President of the Chesaneake Bank, Messrs. .TOSIAH LEE & Co., Bankers, D. HAYS, Esq., Messrs. KIRK- LAND CHASE & CO., Messrs. J. C. WILSON & CO.; Messrs. FOESYTHE & HOPKINS, B. C. BAKER, Esqs., Wheeling, Ya. SAMUEL G. MATHEWS. H. FLETCHER ZOLLICKOFFER. MATHEWS & ZOLLICKOFFER, No. 128 N. Howard Street, CONSiaNMENTS SOLICITED. Will pay particular attention to the purchase of Guako and all Chemical Fertilizers. ■ »•«» Cleany & Co., Cincinnati. jMatingly & Gilpin, Parkersbiirg;, Va. Hon. F. K. Zolliekoffer, Nashville, T. F. Collier, Esq., Attorney at Law, Pittsburg, Pa. .Jos. Uellajilane, Esq., Hillsboro, O. C. W. Button, Esq., Harper's Ferry, Va. D. McConaugby, Esq., Attorney at Law, Gettys- burg, Pa. Israel Griffith, Esq., Christian Keener, Esq., Dr. David Keener, E. L. Parker & Co., Barlholow, Tiffany & Co., Long & Byni, Hurst and Berry, )■ BaUhnore. David Johnson, Esq., Jefferson Co., Ya. IN GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 271 is on a navigable creek whicli communicates with the Atlantic, 26 miles N. E. from Accomac Court House. Horse Pasture, a post-office of Henry county, Virginia. Hot Springs, a post-village of Bath county, Virginia, 175 miles W. N. W. from Kichmond. This place is situated in a narrow valley, and surrounded by a mountainous region which is remarkable for the salubrity of its climate and for the charm- ing character of its scenery. There are several springs here, which vary in temperature from 98° to 106°, and are consid- ered efficacious in the cure of dyspepsia, rheumatism, affections of the liver, etc. The water contains the sulphates of lime and of magnesia, the carbonates of lime and of magnesia, and sul- phate of soda. A spring of extremely cold water rises in close proximity to one at 98°. Several bathing houses and other buildings have been erected here. Howardsville, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia, HoYSViLLE, a post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 165 miles N. from Kichmond. Hughes Kiver, of Western Virginia, rises in Lewis and Dod- dridge counties, flows Westward and enters the Little Kanawha river, near the northern border of Wirt county. HuGHESViLLE, a post-villago of Loudoun county, Virginia, 154 miles N. from Eichmond. Humility, a post-office of Pulaski county, Virginia. HuNTERSViLLE, a small post-village, capital of Pocahontas county, Virginia, 220 miles W. IST. W. from Kichmond, is sit- uated between the Allegany and Greenbrier mountains. Hunting Creek, a post-office of Accomac county, Virginia. Hurricane Bridge, a post-office of Putnam county, Vir- ginia. Huttonsville, a post-village of Kandolph county, Virginia, 200 miles N. W. from Richmond. Hyco, a post-office of Halifax county, Virginia. Hyco Falls, a post-office of Halifax county, Virginia. Hydraulic Mills, a post-village of Albemarle county, Vir- ginia, 100 miles W. N. W. from Kichmond. Ice's Ferry, a post-office of Monongalia county, Virginia. Independence, a small post-village, capital of Grayson county, Virginia, 288 miles W. S. W. from Kichmond. It is situated in a wild, mountainous region. 272 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. MAULDEN FERINE. M. DAVID FERINE M. FERINE & SON. jSIAN UFACTUREKS OF if (0)11 ^ lllflli will FIRE BRICKS, SLABS, &c. FOR COAL. STOVES, Nos. 709 and 711 West Baltimore Street, d i^ S. 1? S M €) M 1 o WM. P. BOKEE & CO. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Fancy Hardware, Cutlery, &c. No. 3 HARRISON STREET, STONE WARE AT FACTORY PRICES. GEORGE M. BOEEE, LATE J. C BOKEE & CO. Importer and Dealer in AND No. 41 North Hov/'ard Street, Between Fayette and Lexington Streets, Respectfully invites the attention of Merchants, Hotel Keepers, and Heads of Families, to an examination of his Stock and prices before purchasing elsewhere. JA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 273 Independence, a small village of Preston county, Virginia, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Independence Hill, a post-office of Prince William county, Va. Indian Creek, a post-village of Monroe county, Virginia, 190 miles W. from Richmond. Indian Valley, a post-office of Floyd county, Virginia. Ireland, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. . Irisburg, a post-office of Henry county, Virginia. Iron Mountain, in the S. W. part of Virginia, between Gray- son and Smith counties, near the border of North Carolina. Its highest summit, termed Whitetop mountain, is said to be 4260 feet above the level of the sea. Isle of Wight, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, at the mouth of James river, which washes the N. E. border. It has an area of about 230 square miles. The Blackwater river forms the W. boundary. The surface is nearly level ; the soil is generally thin and sandy. A portion of the land is occupied by swamps and pine forests. Indian corn is the staple product. Bacon of superior quality is exported. In 1850 there were raised 315,699 bushels of corn, and 89,713 of sweet potatoes. It contained 1 cotton factory, 1 saw mill, and 1 tannery ; 1 9 churches, 149 pupils attending pub- lic schools, and 56 attending academies or other schools. The Isle of Wight was one of the eight original shires into which Virginia was divided in 1634. Capital, Smithfield. Population, 9353, of whom 5958 were free, and 3395 slaves. Ives' Store, a post-office of Princess Anne county, Virginia. Ivy Creek Mills, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Jackson, a county in the W. N. W. part of Virginia, bordering on the Ohio river, which separates it from the State of Ohio, contains 405 square miles. The Ohio river washes its W. border, and it is drained by the Sandy and Big Mill Creeks. The surface is hilly; the soil is generally adapted to grazing, and there is good arable land near the streams. The chief productions are corn, wheat, oats, hemp, lumber, pork and cattle. In 1850 there were raised 257,242 bushels of Indian corn ; 16,630 of wheat ; 43,324 of oats, and 98,561 pounds of butter were made. There were 13 flour, grist, and saw mills, 1 wool-carding mill, and 2 tanneries ; 3 churches, and 1350 pupils attending public schools. The county contains limetone of good quality. Capital, Ripley. Population, 6544, of whom 6491 were free, and 52 slaves. 35 274 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. W. B. HOLLINGSWORTH & CO. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN I? AND IMPORTERS OF FRENCH AND ENGLISH IMS SftH'ElflSS- Chemical Ware, Perfumery, &c. No. 36 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, :0 .A- I-. T XTi/L O 3FL E3, W. B. HOLLINGSWORtH & CO. AGENTS OF THE UNION GLASS CO. TUMBLERS, GOBLETS, NAPPIES, DISHES, Wines, Lamps, Jars, &c. &c. » »»» » DRUGGISTS' GLASS AND PORCELAIN IV ARES, No. 36 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, PETER SAUERWEIN & SON, rL®ii No. 110 North Howard Street, ^ Our Firm having been established for more than seventy years, we deem it unnecessary to give any special refer- ences. Consignments of Produce generally are solicited, upon which the most liberal advances will be made. JA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 276 Jackson, a post-village of Louisa county, Virginia, 37 miles N. W. from Richmond. Jackson Court House, Virginia. See Ripley. Jackson's Ferry, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. Jackson's River of Virginia, the principal constituent of James river, is formed by two branches, the North and South forks, which rise in Highland county, in the N. central part of the State, and flowing south-westward, unite in Bath county. The river then pur- sues a southerly course to the mouth of Potts' creek, in Allegany county, where it turns toward the north-east, and flowing through rugged mountain passes, unites with the Cowpasture river, (the other branch of the James river,) near the boundary between Alle- gany and Botetourt counties, about 15 miles below Covington. The passage of this river through Waite's mountain is remarkable for its sublime scenery. The length of the main stream is estimated at above 50 miles, and each of the branches has about the same extent. Jacksonville, a small post-village, capital of Floyd county, Virginia, 230 miles W. by S. from Richmond. It contains the county buildings, a church, an academy, and about 250 inhabitants. Jacob's Church, a post-office of Shenandoah county, Virginia. Jake's Run, a post-office of Monongalia Co., Virginia. Jamaica, a post-office of Middlesex Co., Virginia. James City, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, contains 184 square miles. The York river bounds it on the N. E., the James river on the S., and the Chickahominy on the W. The surface is undulating. Corn, wheat, oats, and butter are cultivated. In 1850 this county produced 102,430 bushels of corn ; 25,476 of wheat ; 22,040 of oats ; and 17,785 pounds of butter. There were in that year 280 pupils attending academies and other schools. The ex- ports consist of oak and pine wood for fuel, and oysters. This is one of the eight original shires into which Virginia was divided in 1634. Capital, Williamsburg. Population 4020, of whom 2152 were free, and 1868, slaves. James River, the largest of the rivers which have their course wholly within the State of Virginia, is formed by the Jackson and Cowpasture rivers, which unite 15 miles below Covington, on the border between Allegany and Botetourt counties. Flowing first south-eastward through the mountains of Central Virginia, it is joined by the Calfpasture river from the left at the base of the Blue 276 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. :0 .^. Xji 7 X 3VC O FL DE3 [BUOTTlTil^ WmiWlH) Counting Room, 69 Ezichange Place. ELLICOTT & HEWES, COMMISSION AGENTS FOR TH E SALE OF In Baltimore^ mlftd. Country Merchants having BUTTER to consign to this market, will find it much to their interest to send it to us, as we devote our whole time exclusively to this article, which enables us to render prompt sales at en- tirely satisfactory prices. Those wishing to purchase, will find at the WAREHOUSES every kind and quality at all seasons of the year. The most entire satisfaction guaranteed. CHARLES H. ROSS & CO. IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LIQUORS, "WINES, &c. No. 20 Commerce Street, one door North of Pratt, BALTIMORE, Keep constantly in Store and United States Bonded Warehouses, Cognac Brandy, "Hennessy," "Otard, Dupuy & Co., "Jean Louis," Dark and Pale. Rochelle Brandy, " A Seignette," " Eugene Robin," " L. Durand & Co.," Dark and Pale. HOLLAND GIN, IRISH AND SCOTCH WHISKEY. WINES. Madeira, Port, Sherry, Teneriffe, Champagne and Claret; Imitation Sweet Malaga Wine. OLD RYE WHISKEY OP VARIOUS QUALITIES, Some very superior and highly improved by age, to which we particularly invite the attention both of the City Trade and Merchants visiting the city. Domestic Brandy and Gin, N. E. Rum, Rectified Whiskey, Aniseed, Cinnamon, and Peppermint Cordials, Pure and Mild Cherry Brandy, Pure Blackberry Brandy Old Peach and Apple Brandy JE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 277 Ridge, through which it forces a passage about 15 miles N. E. from the Peaks of Otter. It then flows south-eastward, passes by Lynch- burg, and at the southern extremity of Amherst county changes its course to the north-east. Below Scottsville its general direction is east-south-east. After passing by Richmond, where the channel is divided by numerous islands, and the river descends over rocky rapids about 6 miles in extent, it gradually expands into an estuary of several miles in width, and flows into the southern extremity of Chesapeake bay, between Willoughby Point and Old Point Com- fort. The whole length, exclusive of the branches, is about 450 miles. The tide ascends to Richmond, about 150 miles from the sea. It is navigable for vessels of 130 tons to the port of Rich- mond, from which point the James River and Kanawha canal has been constructed along the upper part of the river. This canal is completed to Buchanan, beyond the Blue Ridge, and is to be extended to Covington on Jackson's river. Here it will connect with the eastern terminus of the Covington and Ohio railroad, now in course of construction. James river passes through a fertile and populous country, and is an important channel of trade. The chief towns on its banks are Richmond, Lynchburg, Scottsville, Manchester, and Buchanan. That part of the estuary which lies between Hampton and Norfolk is called Hampton Roads. Jamestown, a village in James City county, Virginia, on the N. bank of Jamestown river, 50 miles E. S. E. from Richmond. The first English settlement in the United States was made at this place in 1608 ; nothing now remains but a few ruins. Janatts, a post-office of Sussex Co., Va. Janelew, a post-village of Lewis county, Virginia, about 280 miles N. W. from Richmond. Jarrett's, a post-office of Sussex county, Virginia. Jarrett's Ford, a post-office of Kanawha county, Virginia, Jefferson, a county in the N. N. E. part of Virginia, bordering on the Potomac, which separates it from Maryland, has an area of 260 square miles. It is intersected by the Shenandoah, which enters the Potomac on the north-eastern border, and bounded on the N. W. by Opequan creek. The county occupies part of the Great Valley of Virginia, having the Blue Ridge on its S. E. border. The surface is rolling, and the soil remarkably fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, hay, butter, cattle and swine are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 472,008 bushels of wheat ; 287,395 of corn ; 278 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. W. & T. THOMPSON, IMPORTERS OF 21 SOUTH STREET, lO .A, I^ T I JVC O I^ ES- CHRISTOPHER WEST, Nos. 15 and 17 SHARP STREET, BALTIMORE, MAJfUFACTUKEE AND DEALER IN uraisi/aiL ©OIL OS ©ismsa® wmm, Gamphene, Pine Oils, and Alcohol, 80 and 95 Per Cent- ETHEREAL OIL, ALCOHOL AND CAMrHENE In Superior Barrels for Shipping, prepared expressly for the purpose to prevent Evaporation. Also a large assortment of LAMPS, ol" every style and finish, all of which will be sold on the lowest terms. WM. H. BROWN & BROTHER, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Oils, Paints, Window Glass, &c. TVo. 4 South liiberty i§treet, RIHAED THOMPSON, No, 143 Fayette Street, between Howard & Park Streets, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN Coach, Barouch & Buggy Lamps, &c. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, Patent, Enameled and Colored Canvas, Oil Cloth, &c. DASH, ENAMELED AND COLLAR LEATHER, Fellows, Spokes, Hubs and Bows, Springs, Axles, Carriage and Tire Bolts, Brass, Silver, and Malable Bands. Knobs, JVailS) Curtain Frames, l¥liip Sockets, &c, MALABLE CASTINGS OF EVERT DESCRIPTION. Coach, Japan and Leather Varnish, &c., Wholesale and Retail. JO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 279 5558 tons of hay; 130,198 pounds of butter. There were 2 cotton factories, 23 flour mills, 5 cotton and woolen factories, 1 United States armory, and 2 iron foundries. It contained 20 churches, 1000 pupils attending public schools, and 165 attending acadamies or other schools. The rock which underlies the county is fine lime- stone. The passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge, at Harper's Ferry, so much admired for its picturesque effect, will be described under the head Virginia. This county is intersected by the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and by the Winchester and Poto- mac railroad. Organized in 1801. Capital, Charlestown. Popu- lation, 15,357, of whom 11,016 were free, and 4341, slaves. Jefferson, a post-village of Powhatan county, Virginia, on the S. bank of James river, 35 miles above Richmond. Jeffersonton, a post-village of Culpepper county, Virginia, on the Rappahannock river, 109 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. It contains 1 church and about 300 inhabitants. Jeffersonville, a post-village, capital of Tazewell county, Virginia, one mile S. from Clinch river, and 300 miles W. by S. from Richmond. It is situated near the base of Rich mountain. It has 1 bank. Jeffrey's Store, a post-office of Nottoway county, Virginia. Jenning's Gap, a post-village of Augusta county, Virginia, ]33 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. There is a pass, through North Mountain at this place. Jenning's Ordinary, a post-office of Nottaway county, Va., Jerusalem, a small post-village, capital of Southampton county, Virginia, on the Nottoway river, 75 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. Jetersville, a post- village of Amelia county, Virginia, 54 miles S. W. from Richmond. Johnson's Springs, a post-village of Goochland county, Va., 28 miles W. from Richmond. Johnsontown, a post-office of Northampton county, Virginia. JoNESBORouGH, a post-village of Brunswick county, Virginia, about 90 miles S. by W. from Richmond. Jones' Mills, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. Jones' Spring, a post-office of Berkeley county, Virginia. Jonesville, a small post-village, capital of Lee county, Virginia, on Powell's river, 392 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. It is situated on a beautiful eminence, near the foot of Cumberland moun- tain. Population, about 300. 280 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. W. T. WALTERS & CO 9 No. 68 Exchange PlacOj Baltimore. IN BONDED WAEE HOUSES OF OUK OWN IMPORTATION: Cognac Brandies— " Otard," "Hennessy," "Pinnet," " Martell," &c. Rochelle Brandies — " Seignettc," " Pellevoisin,'' " Durand k Co.," &c., &c. Holland Gin—" " Grape," " Crown," " Imperial Pear," &c. &c. Wines— Including " Champagne," " Sherry," " Port," " Madeira," &c. AMERICAN LIQUOES, included in which we guarantee the finest stock of Old Eve Wiusket in the United States, "Bakee," "JonNSTON Maetin," "Puee Ete," "Extra Supeeiok," (Star "Su- PEBIOK," and "MONONGAHELA." Domestic Brandy, Gin, Pure Spirits, Tuscaloosa Extra, Eectified Whiskey, Bitters, Imitation Wine, &c. Ginger, Easpberry, Lavender and Wild Cherry Brandy. All gxiaranteed to be unsurpassed' and to give satisfaction or be taken back . KI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 281 Junction, a post office, of Hanover county, Virginia. Junction Store, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. Canawha, a county in the W. part of Virginia, has an area of 1176 square miles. It is intersected by the Great Kanawha, from which the name is derived, and also drained by the Elk, Coal, and Pocatalico rivers. The surface is beautifully diversified by moun- tains, hills, and fertile valleys. The highlands are mostly covered with forests, and contain inexhaustible beds of stone coal. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and butter are the staples of agriculture. Large quantities of salt are prepared from numerous springs on the banks of the Kanawha river, a few miles above Charleston. In 1850 this county produced 352,995 bushels of corn ; 25,074 of wheat ; 58,596 of oats, and 2014 tons of hay. There were 33 salt-boiling establishments, 9 grist mills, 14 saw mills, and 3 machine shops. It contained 25 churches ; 1300 pupils attending public schools, and 162 attending academies or other schools. The principal rock of the county is sandstone. Steamboats navigate the Kanawha river in this county, which is intersected by the Covington and Ohio railroad, unfurnished. Capital, Charleston. Population, 15,353, of whom 12.213 were free, and 3140 slaves. Kanawha Saline, or Maldin, a post-town in Kanawha county, Virginia, on Great Kanawha river, 260 miles W. N. W. from Rich- mond. Has a bank and numerous stores, 4 churches, 2 semi- naries. Population about 1,000. Kasey's, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. Keezletown, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. Kellysvillb, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. Kempsviile, a post-village of Princess Anne county, Virginia, on the E. branch of Elizabeth river, at the head of tide-water, 124 miles S. E. from Richmond. Kendrick's Spur, a post-office of Patrick county, Virginia. Kennedy's, a post-office of Brunsw^ick county, Virginia, 66 miles S. S. W. from Richmond. Kerneysville, a post-office of Jefferson county, Va. Kerr's Creek, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. Kesnick Depot, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia. Kilmarnock, a post-village of Lancaster county, Virginia, on a small creek of Chesapeake bay, 90 miles E. by N. from Richmond. It contains 4 churches and several stores. Kimberlin, a post-office of Giles county, Virginia. 36 282 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. M^KiaKoigiroK] Mirid 9 Corner of Euta"w and Camden .Streets, FKONT OF THE B. &. O. E. K. DEPOT, HENRY R. BROADERS, BOARD ONE DOLLAR PER DAY. FORMERLY THREE TUNS TAVERN, South West Corner of Pratt and Paca Sts. The undersigned respectfully informs his friends and the public in general, that he has taken the above house, and is prepared to accommodate all who may favor him with a call ; his HOUSE is large with many SPACIOUS and well VENTI- LATED CHAMBERS ; his TABLE will be supplied with the best the market can afford. TERMS REASONABLE. CORNELIUS SHAWEN, Proprietor. EAGLE HOTEL, CORNER OF EUTAW & PRATT STREETS. BALTIMORE, June 1, 1854. Dear Sie: — The undersigned most respectfully returns thanks to the public and his friends in general for the liberal patronage heretofore extended to him at the Columbia House. He has been at great expense m fitting up a new establishment, equal to any in the city, with every convenience, lie is prepared to accommodate all who may call upon him at the South East corner of Pratt and Eu- taw streets— THE EAGLE HOTEL. Nothing will be left undone to make the stay of those who patronize him pleasant and agreeable. His charges will l)e moderate; his accommodations for both ladies and gentlemen not surpassed by any. Call and give me a trial. The public's most obedient servant, T. B, ROBEY, Proprietor. KI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 283 KiNDERHOOK, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. King and Queen, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 330 square miles. The Mattapony and York rivers form its boundary on the south-west, and the Piankatank on the N. E. The surface is undulating rather than hilly ; the soil is not very rich. Indian corn, wheat, wool, and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 376,986 bushels of corn ; 68,755 of wheat ; 11,- 034 pounds of wool, and 48,883 of butter. It contained 2 saw mills and 1 tannery ; 18 churches, 281 pupils attending public schools, and 110 attending academies or other schools. The coun- ty contains large beds of marl, which is used in fertilizing the soil. Capital, King and Queen Court House. Population, 10,319, of whom 4555 were free, and 5764 slaves. King and Queen Court House, a small post-village, capital of the above county, on the Mattapony river, 49 miles E. by N. from Richmond. King George, a county in the E. part of Virginia, contains 176 square miles. The Potomac bounds it on the N. and E., and the Rappahannock on the S. The sur- face is hilly and the soil diversified. Corn, wheat, butter, and pork are the staples. In 1850, it produced 76,707 ^--^ 241,900 bushels of corn .TAMEB MONROE, Born in Westmoreland County, April 2, 1759. of wheat, and 40,090 pounds of butter. There were 3 grist mills x^ and 2 carpenter shops, besides other establishments. It contained 8 churches and 200 pupils attending public schools. Capital, King George Court House. Population, 5971 ; of whom 2563 \vere free, and 3403 slaves. James Monroe was born in Westmoreland county, but first elected to a seat in the Legislature, by the county of King George, — in the 24th year of his age. King George Court House, a small post-village, capital of the above county, 70 miles N. N. E. from Richmond. King William, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area of 260 square miles. Its N. E. and S. W. borders are respectively washed by the Mattapony and Pamunky rivers, which unite at the 284 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. McINTOSH'S © © £i IL T fl 52 © IS H » JOHN McINTOSH, Proprietor, CAMDEN STREET, . Opposite B. A O. R, R. Depots i) G. W. LANE & CO. *>»»» ^ All Passengers and Baggage to and from the Balti- more and Ohio Depot, and Eastern and Western Shore Boats, will be carried without charge. ivacxj N E'W BEIPeT iRESTAeiAif B. ^ O. K. R. Corner of Gamden and Howard Sts. TRAVELERS AND EPICURES CAN BE ACCOMMODATED. READY AT ALL HOURS. Ladies' Refreshment & Oyster Saloon. LA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 285 S. E. extremity of the county, and form the York river. The sur- face is undulating, the soil of the river bottoms is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county pro- duced 253,685 bushels of corn ; 108,819 of wheat, and 32,580 lbs. of butter. There were 4 flour and grist mills, 1 tannery, and 2 manufactories of agricultural implements. It contained 9 churches, and 238 pupils attending academies and other schools. Pamunky river is navigable on the border of the county. Formed in 1701, and named in honor of William III, king of England. Capital, King William Court House. Population 8779 ; of whom 3048 were free, and 5731 slaves. King William Court House, a small post-village, capital of the above county, is situated between the Mattapony and Pamunky rivers, two miles from the former, and 27 miles N. E. from Rich- mond. KiNGwooD, a small post-village, capital of Preston county, Va., on the Cheat river, 280 miles N. W. from Richmond. The river affords excellent water-power. KiNSALE, a post-office of Westmoreland county, Virginia. KiTTOCTAN Creek, in the N. E. part of Virginia, flows through Loudoun county and falls into the Potomac above the Point of Rocks, after a course of about 30 miles. Knob, a post-ofl&ce of Tazewell county, Virginia. Knob Fork, a post-office of Wetzel county, Virginia. Lacey Spring, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. Lafayette, a post-village of Montgomery county, Virginia, on the Roanoke river, about 190 miles W. by S. from Richmond. Pop- ulation from 200 to 300. Lafayette Hill, a post-office of Fluvanna county, Virginia. Lancaster, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering on Chesapeake bay, at the mouth of Rappahannock river, which forms its S. W. boundary. Area, 108 square miles. The surface is mod- erately uneven ; the soil is sandy and light. Indian corn, wheat, and potatoes are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 120,- 530 bushels of corn ; 24,424 of wheat ; and 10,857 of sweet pota- toes. There were 2 coach factories and 1 tannery. It contained 10 churches, 282 pupils attending public schools, and 46 attending an academy. Organized in 1652. Capital, Lancaster Court House. Population, 4708, of whom 2068 were free, and 2640 slaves. Lancaster Court House, a post-village, capital of Lancaster 286 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. C. W. BENTLEY. H. C. LARRABEE. Corner of Front and Plowman Sts. CNEAR BALTIMORE STREET BRIDGE,) BENTLEY & LARRABEE Give their particular attention to the Manufacture of Stationary and Portable Steam Engines, Grist and Saw Mills, Gearing, Shafting and Pullies, Force and Lift- ing Pumps, Wrought Iron Pipes and Fittings for Steam, Water, Gas, &c.; Cylinder, Flue, Locomotive and Vertical Tubular Boilers ; Steam Generators for Cooking, Washing, &c.; Apparatus for Warming Buildings by Steam or Hot Water; Iron Castings of every description ; Heavy and Light Iron Turning and Planing. MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN .Sr3 ,^ ACIDS, CHEMICALS, &c. UFFICE OF MONKTON DYE-WOOD MILLS, Ko. 36 SOUTH CHARLES STKEET, Log^vood, Fustic, Cam'wood, Red Sanders, Red-wood, Sima-wood, Turmeric, Madder, Alum, Copperas, Cream Tartar, Cochineal, Bleaching PoTvders, Oil Vitrei, Aqua Fortis, Muriatic Acid, Extract of Logwood, Emery, Sal Soda, Indigo, Blue Vitriol. \ Pot & Pearl Ashes, &c. LE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 287 CO., Virginia, 80 miles N. E. from Richmond, contains, besides the county buildings, sevieral stores. Land of Promise, a post office of Princess Anne county, Vir- ginia. Landsdown, a post office ol Prince William county, Virginia. Lanesville, a small post village of King William county, Vir- ginia, about 28 miles N. E. from Richmond. Langhorne's Tavern, a post office of Cumberland county, Vir- ginia, 61 miles west of Richmond. Langley, a post office of Fairfax county, Virginia. Laurel, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. Laurel Creek, a post-office of Floyd county, Virginia. Laurel Fork, a post-office of Carroll county, Virginia. Laurel Grove, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. Laurel Hill, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 94 miles S. W. from Richmond. Laurel Mills, a post office in Rappahannock county, Virginia. Laurel Point, a post office of Monongalia county, Virg-inia. Lawrenceville, a pleasant post village, capital of Brunswick county, Virginia, on Great creek, about 70 miles S. S. W. from Richmond. It contains a court house and two handsome churches. Population from 300 to 400. Leading Creek, a post village of Lewis county, Virginia, 18 miles W. from Weston. Leadsville, a post office of Randolph county, Virginia. Leatherwood's Store, a post office of Henry county, Virginia, 192 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Lebanon, a small post village, capital of Russell county, Virginia, is finely situated on an affluent of Clinch river, 325 miles W. by S. from Richmond. Lebanon White Sulphur Springs, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia. Lee, a county forming the S. W. extremity of Virginia, border- ing on Tennessee and Kentucky, has an area of 550 square miles. It is intersected by Powell's river, an affluent of the Clinch. Cum- berland mountain forms the N. W. boundary, and Powell's moun- tain extends along or near the E. border ; the soil of the valleys is fertile. Beef, pork and horses are the staples. Maple sugar is made for domestic consumption. In 1850 this county produced 485,725 bushels of Indian corn, and 107,030 of oats. There were 288 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. •r o PRIVATE FAMILIES AND OTHERS. F. B. DIDIER & BROS I IS/L lE^ "FL O ■\7' E3 ID SADSAGE OR PIE MEAT COTTER FOR 1854. This celebrated Machine is warranted, with proper care and use, to cut or mince 4 lbs. of fine meat per minute ; or 240 lbs. per hour,— not liable to get out of repair, and easily operated by a small boy. The simplicity of construction and the ease with which every part, subject to wear, may be replaced, serve to recommend this as the cheapest and most perfect machine ever invented. Being made en- tirely of Iron, (with one or two exceptions) renders it much more durable than those usually made of wood, and much easier kept sweet and clean, and no warping or swelling when necessarily used, as is the case with all others. N. B. One great objection to Meat Cutters is that the knives are stationary. In our machine the objection is obviated, as the knives can be taken out, cleaned and put back in a minute. The ma- chine is regulated for cutting fine or coarse meat by putting in more or less knives. 1^- It is warranted to cut Sausage or Pie meat equal to any Machine in the Country, both as re- gards quantity and quality. Also, warranted to cut five times the amount, and of a better quality than any cutter at the price, — Again, less complicated, more durable, requiring less power to operate it than any simOar invention of the age. ^W^ The Maryland State Agricultural Fair, and the Maryland Mechanics' Institute, awarded this Machine a first class Premium in the years 1851, 1852, and 1853 ; and encomiums of the like flatter- ing character from discriminating Judges, have, on all occasions of competition, favored this useful article. Ketail price $5.50. A first rate article of Sausage Stuffer or Filler, retail from $4, $4.50, $5, $5.50. N. B. Agricultural Implement Makers and Venders,, Hardware Merchants and others, would do well to take this machine on sale, owing to its popularity and the liberal discounts made to the trade. The article is bound to be in the possession of every farmer and private family. We have in store and ready for the season about 5000 Cutters, for which we solicit buyers. Wholesale and Retail. F. B, DIDIER & BRO. No. 37 North Paca Street, LEI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 269 two iron forges and two tanneries. It contained 25 churches and 550 pupils attending public schools. Iron ore, saltpetre and lime- stone are abundant in the county. The streams furnish valuable water power. Organized in 1792, and named in honor of Henry Lee, at that time Governor of the State. Capital, Jonesville. Pop- ulation 10,267 ; of whom 9480 were free, and 787 slaves. Leed's Manor, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. Leedsville, a village in Randolph county, Virginia, 175 miles N. W. from Richmond. Leesburg, a handsome post borough, capital of Loudoun county, Virginia, is situated near the Kittoctan mountain, three miles from the Potomac river, and 150 miles N. from Richmond. The streets are well paved and the town is built in a neat and substantial man- ner. It contains a court house, three churches, a bank, an academy and two newspaper offices. It is surrounded by a fertile, well cul- tivated country, which presents a variety of landscapes. Population in 1850, 1,691 ; in 1853 about 2,000. Leesville, a post village in Campbell county, Virginia, 110 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Leetow^n, a small post village of Jefferson county, Virginia, 165 miles N. from Richmond. Leon, a post village in Madison county, Virginia, 160 miles N. W. of Richmond. Level Green, a post office of Giles county, Virginia. Lewis, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 530 square miles. It is intersected by the W. fork of Monongahela river. The surface is rocky, hilly, and in some parts mountainous. The soil of the valleys produces pasture and Indian corn. In 1850 there were raised 235,675 bushels of corn, and 9190 tons of hay. There were seven flour, grist and saw mills, and four tanneries. It contained 15 churches, and 1602 pupils attending public schools. Stone coal is found in the county. A turnpike has been constructed from Weston to Fairmont, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Formed in 1816 and named in honor of Colonel Charles Lewis. Capital, Weston. Population 10,031, of whom 9663 were free and 368 slaves. ff Lewisburg, a thriving post village, capital of Greenbrier county, Virginia, 214 miles west from Richmond, and nine miles west from the White Sulphur Springs. It is surrounded by a beautiful and healthy region among the mountains, and is a place of active ~ 37 ' ■ ^^ 290 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. FRENCH BURR MILLSTONES i\D BURR BLOCKS, MORRIS & TRIMBLE, WEST PALLS AVENUE, NEAR PRATT STREET BRIDGE, BJiLiTIJ^IORE, Manufacturers of French BURR MILL8TONE3, warranted of superior quality and workmanship, being made from Burr Blocks of their own importation and selected from the best quarries in France. Orders, with reference in any of the Eastern Cities, promptly executed. From the Baltimore .American. Among the many astonishing evidences of the power of machinery, and the perfection to which it has attained, none seem more worthy of examination and commendable notice than the Steam Brick Works of Mr. Francis H. Smith. The proprietor has in constant operation one of his first class machines, for which a gold medal was awarded him by the Maryland Institute. Since that time, however, he has introduced such improvements as, in the opinion of scientific men, warrant the merit of a new invention The modiis operandi, nevertheless, is quite simple. The clay is wheeled along on a plank scaffolding to the pulverizer at the top of the machine, which converts it into dust imme- diately, and incorporates it with the water thrown thereupon. In this state it is thrown into the ma- chine, which revolves steadily, pressing the clay down into sets of moulds, five in each frame, which move on a railway beneath. The moulds are then transferred to a light barrow, moved to the yard and discharged in the usual way. The clay is worked much stiffer than it can be done with the hand, and gives a solidity to the brick and correctness of form rarely equaled. "We timed the operation by the watch, and found it producing 30 bricks per minute— the average speed, however, is 25 per min- ute. It will easily produce 15,00u per day. We next saw in operation a similar machine, worked by a horse, with the same result — the bricks being equal in every respect, and fifteen made per minute. Machinery has hitherto been directed to work either the dry clay or soft mud. The present invention is intended tor a medium between these extremes, and to mould the bricks from clay, tempered to a consistence fit for the potters' wheel, or suitable for front brick, and, consequently, in quality, they must nearly resemble the latch brick. The work is performed by ordinary laborers, chiefly boys. Each person must be promptly at his post, for the machine will not allow laziness nor indulgence— it waits for no one. THE N E "V\^ Is now in constant operation at my Yard on LOCUST POINT. If driven bv steam, the clay is taken from the bank, passed through a pulverizer (which removes the stone,) into the soak pit, where it re- ceives the water, thence to the machine, which is geared to make (Sy, revolutions per minute, turning out five bricks each time, or 1750 bricks an hour, including contingencies. Ten men and six boys, all common laborers, take the clay from the pit and place tlie bricks on the floor. If there be no stone the pulverizer is not required ; the clay is then thrown into the pit, mixed with water, and after re- maining all night is ready for use. Machine $425; Pulverizer .$75, with right to work it. If driven by a horse, the clay is thrown into heaps, and each successive layer saturated ; after re- maining in soak all night it is shoveled into the machine. They were formerly built of two sizes, four and five mould. By a recent improvement the speed of the shaft is increased without changing the gait of the horse, and thus the smaller size can make 1000 bricks per hour, worked by four men and four boys. It is liable to no accident except from stone, which is apt to break a mould. Price $275. For further particulars, in a pamphlet containing full instructions on Brick Burning, address FRANCIS H. SMITH, Baltimore. LI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 291 business. The court of appeals for the western counties is held at Lewisburg. It contains three churches, one academy and one print- ing office. Lewis' Store, a post office at Spottsylvania county, Vir- ginia. Lewisville, a post village of Brunswick county, Virginia, 78 miles S. S. W. from Richmond. Lexington, a handsome post village, capital of Rockbridge county, Virginia, on the North river, an affluent of James river, 146 miles W. from Richmond, and 35 miles N. W. from Lynchburg. It is situated in a valley, and surrounded by beautiful mountain scenery. Washington College founded at this place in 1798, and endowed by General Washington, has a library of 4950 volumes. The Virginia Military Institute was established here by the Legis- lature of Virginia, in 1838-9. Lexington contains four or five churches, two seminaries, two printing offices, and several fine brick residences. It was laid out in 1778. Population, 1733. Liberia, a small village of Prince William county, Virginia. Liberty, a beautiful post village, capital of Bedford county, Vir- ginia, on the Virginia and Tenn. railroad, 25 miles W. from Lynch- burg. It has a sublime view of the peaks of Otter, which are not less than seven miles distant, though they appear to be in the im- mediate vicinity. Liberty has a handsome court house, four churches and about 700 inhabitants. Liberty Hall, a post office of Washington county, Virginia. Liberty Mills, a post village in Orange county, Virginia, 79 miles N. W. from Richmond. LiGONS, a post office of Charlotte county, Virginia. Lisbon, a post village in Bedford county, Virginia, 150 miles W. by S. from Richmond. Little Coal river, in the W. part of Virginia, rises in Logan county by two branches, called the Pond and Spruce forks, and falls into Coal river in Kanawha county. Little Guyandotte river, in the W. part of Virginia, falls into the Ohio, after forming a part of the boundary between Mason and Cabell counties. Little Kanawha river, of Western Virginia, rises in Braxton county, passes through Gilmer, Wirt and Wood counties, and en- ters the Ohio at Parkersburg. Its general direction is W. N. W. its length perhaps 150 miles. The country through which it flows 292 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 'KEEN & HAGERTY, MANUFACTURERS OF Tin, Sheet Iron, .A.I>J-X> AND DEALERS IN Hardware, Iron Castings, &c. 37 South Calvert Street, Cor. of Water and Cheapside, and 12 Baltimore Street, near the Bridge. Country Merchants will find it to their advantage to examine our Stock and Prices before purchas- ing elsewhere. GRUPY & STANSBURY, Corner of South and VTater Streets, IB JS. T I M O Have at all times on hand a large and select stock, comprising Harness, Fair and Black Bridle, Sole and Upper Leather, French and Domes- tic Calf-Skins, Patent Leathers, Morocco, &c. Band Leather of every description ; also Cod Liver, Neats Foot and Tanner's Oil. j^, B. — Hides and Leather in rough, bought or sold on Commission. Consignments respectfully solicited. THOMAS H. HUNT, (Of L.ate S. & T. H. Hunt,) Begs leave to inform you that he has taken Store No. 143 Baltimore Street, adjoining Carroll Hall, Where he has resumed the manufacture of SADDLES, HARNESS AND TRUNKS, IN ALL THEIR VARIETIES. Qcf- Every other article usually kept at like Establishments can here be ob- tained at reasonable prices.; T. H. H. trusts, by strict attention to business, and unwcarcd exertion to please, that he will meet wtth th(^ Patronage which he is determined to merit. LO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 293 is hilly and contains extensive beds of stone coal, and a number of salt springs. This river is navigable only a few miles. Little Level, a post office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. Little Plymouth, a small post village of King and Queen county, Virginia, 57 miles E. from Richmond. Little River, in the N. E. part of Virginia, is a small affluent of Goose creek, in Loudoun county. It has been rendered navigable from its mouth to Aldie, by means of dams. Little River, a post office of Floyd county, Virginia. Little Skin Creek, a post office of Lewis county, Virginia. Littleton, a post office of Sussex county, Virginia. Litwalton, a post office of Lancaster county, Virginia. Lively Oak, a post office of Lancaster county, Virginia. Lloyd's, a post office of Essex county, Virginia, 62 miles N. E. from Richmond. Loch Leven, a post office of Lunenburg county, Virginia. Loch Lomond, a post office of Goochland county, Virginia. Locust Creek, a post office of Louisa county, Virginia, 33 miles N. W. from Richmond. Locust Dale, a post office of Madison county, Virginia. Locust Grove, a post office of Orange county, Virginia, 86 miles N. W. from Richmond. Locust Hill, a post office of Middlesex county, Virginia. Locust Lane, a post office of Fayette county, Virginia. Locust Mount, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. Locustville, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. Lodore, a post office of Amelia county, Virginia. Logan, a county in the W. S. W. part of Virginia, bordering on Kentucky, has an area of 825 square miles. It is intersected by the Guyandotte river, and bounded on the S. W. by the Tug fork of Sandy river. The county slopes toward the north west. The surface is mountainous and overspread with extensive forests ; the soil is generally good. Indian corn, oats and butter are the staples. In 1850 it produced 154,943 bushels of corn ; 20,014 of oats, and 31,374 pounds of butter. It contained six churches, and 175 pu- pils attending public schools. The highlands of this county abound in stone coal and iron, which are not much used at present. Formed in 1824 and named in honor of a distinguished chief of the Mingo tribe. Capital, Lawnsville, or Logan Court House. Pop- ulation, 3620 ; of whom 3533 were free, and 87 slaves. 294 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. T XT XT A g "vr E Ii L MACHINi CARD MANUPACmiR, MAiUFACTUEEilS' ARTICLES, Belt and Hose Maker^ 33 South Eutaw Street^ Also Agent for the sale of Pearl and other Starch. DIXON, BALBIRNIE & DIXON, 117 Baltimore Street, Cor. of South Street; All Professional Business confided to them promptly attended to. Artificers' Works Measured, &c. Designs, Plans and Specifications prepared and sent by Mail. THOMAS DIXON, THOMAS BALBIENIE, 610 W. Fayette St., Franklin Place. 54 Saratoga Street. JAMES M. DIXON, 393 W. Fayette St. MATNARD & ROSE, LEATHER, TRIMmTnGS AND FINDINGS, 19 . E. Corner Cheapside and Lombard Street, uSLXj TiiVL o zix:. We name in pari such as -p Patent Leather, French Calf Skins, German " " Country Calf Skins, City Oak Sole Licattier, Hemlock '' Harness Leatlier, Skirting " Buff Upper " Buff Horse " Lining Skins, Muslin and liinen Lasting, Satin ifrancois, Italian Cloths, Moroccos of all kinds. Bindings '' " »» Silk Laces. <' " Cotton '' " " And Findings generally. Also WATER PROOF CORK SOLES, which will be sold to dealers at Factory Prices. Merchant*! and others visitinfj the city would do well to call on us before purrliasing elsewhere. Cur stocli is fresh and has been selected with considerable pains in order to procure the most suit- able articles for the trade generally. Orders from the couutry will be tilled promptly, and be as well selected as if buyers visited the city themselves . JAMES A. MAYNARD, CUEKIKE. PETER ROSE, Or THE LATE FlEM OP DaBEAUGH & BOSE. LO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 295 Logan Court House, or Lawnsville, a small post village, capital of Logan county, Virginia, on the Guyandotte river, 350 miles W. from Richmond. LoMBARDY Grove, a post village of Mecklenburg county, Va. London Bridge, a post village in Princess Anne county, Vir- ginia, 100 miles S. E. from Richmond. Long Bottom, a post office of Marshall county, Virginia. Long Branch, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia. Long Creek, a post office of Louisa county, Virginia. Long Meadow, a post office of Page county, Virginia. Long Pine, a post office of Bedford county, Virginia. LoRENTz's Store, a post office of Lewis county, Virginia. Lorenzoville Foundry, a post office of Shenandoah county, Virginia. LoRETTo, a small post village of Essex county, Virginia, 69 miles N. E. from Richmond. Lost Creek, a post office of Harrison county, Virginia. Lost River, a post office of Hardy county, Virginia. Loudoun, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, bordering on* Maryland, contains 486 square miles. The Potomac river forms its N. E. boundary, and it is drained by Goose creek. The surface is hilly, having the Blue Ridge on the N. W. border, and the Kittoc- tan mountain near the middle of the county. The soil varies from a rich alluvion to an unproductive clay, but a large portion of it is fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, grass, pork, and beef are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 563,930 bushels of wheat ; 749,428 of corn ; 117,055 of oats ; 11,990 tons of hay, and 422,- 021 pounds of butter. The quantity of butter was the greatest- produced by any one county of the State, and that of wheat greater than in any except Rockingham county. There were 54 flour, grist and saw mills, one iron, furnace, three woolen factories, and nine tanneries. It contained 33 churches, two newspaper offices, 1703 pupils attending public schools, and 85 attending academies or other schools. The county contains limestone, marble, granite, gneiss, and other primitive rocks. It was formed from Fairfax county in 1757, and named in honor of the Earl of Loudoun. Capi- tal, Leesburg. Population, 22,079, of whom 16,438 were free, and 5641 slaves. Louisa, a county in the E. central part of Virginia, has an area of about 500 square miles. The North Anna river forms its north- 296 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. NUT, BOLT & WASHER MANUFACTORY. 134 Thames Street, between Ann & Wolfe, F. P. :3S -A-JLeIJ X 3VE O XV 3ES . FRAZIER & ATKINSON Are extensively engaged in the manufacture of every description of Nuts, Bucket, Coal Hod and Kettle Ears, Plow Points, Burrs, Bevel Rings, Washers, Flyer Bottoms, Chain liinks. Clinch Rings. The attention of Machinists, Car Builders, Agricultural Implement Makers, Ship Builders, Bucket Makers, Tin and Sheet-Iron Workers^ and all others, is respectfully directed to the above articles, which are kept constantly on hand or made to order to suit the convenience of purchasers. RAIL ROAD and BRIDGE CONTRACTORS will find it to their advantage to call on us, as we are prepared to furnish TRACK and BRIDGE BOLTS, and Cold Punched NUTS of the largest dimensions. We are also prepared to do all kinds of JOB PUNCHING, viz : Railing, Window Bars, and Grating for Warehouses, Diagonal Braces, &c., &c. .^®~ All Correspondence and Orders promptly attended to, and goods packed and forwarded to any portion of the United States. Bolts of every description always on hand or made to order. JOHN M. BRUCE, 32 Light Street, near Lombard, Is prepared to make to order or repair as follows : Steam and Water Pipes for Steam Boats, Stationary Engines, Pis- tilleries and other Purposes. Kettles of all dimensions, Mineral Water Founts and Pipes, Self-charging Mineral Water Apparatus and Pipes, all complete, on the most improved plans. Steam Drying Cylinder for Cotton and Woolen Mills. All work done hy me warranted. T. R. WISE, Manufacturer of all kinds of EDGE TOOLS And Sold, Wholesale and Retail, No. 28 CONCORD ST. FIRST DOOR NORTH OF PRATT STREET, Also Repairing of every de- scription at moderate prices. LU • GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 297 ern boundary ; the county is also drained by the South Anna and Little rivers. The surface is hilly ; the soil, originally fertile, has been partly worn out. Tobacco, Indian corn and wheat are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 1,584,285 lbs. of tobacco ; 377,288 bushels of corn, and 199,521 of wheat. There were seven flour, grist and saw mills, one iron furnace and three tanneries. It contained 26 churches and 452 pupils attending public schools. Gold mines have been worked in this county, but are not very pro- ductive. It is intersected by the Central railroad of Virginia. Formed in 1742. Capital, Louisa Court House Population 16,- 691, of whom 6827 were free, and 9864 slaves. Louisa Court House, a small post village, capital of Louisa county, Virginia, on ihe Central railroad, 60 miles N. W. from Richmond. Lovely Mount, a post-office of Montgomery county Virginia. Love's Mills, a post-office of W^ashington county, Virginia. LovETTSViLLE, a post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 2 miles from the Potomac, and 166 miles north from Richmond. It contains 2 or 3 churches. LoviNGSTON, a post-village, capital of Nelson county, Virginia, 118 miles West from Richmond. It is beautifully situated on a branch of Tye river, and surrounded by hills, the summits of which afford a magnificent view of the Blue Ridge. The village has 3 churches and about 350 inhabitants. LuMBERPORT, 3 post-villagc in Harrison county, Virginia. Lunenburg, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of about 370 square miles. It is bounded on the North by Not- toway river, and on the South by the Meherrin river. The surface is uneven ; the soil is moderately fertile. Indian corn and Tobacco are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 240,065 bushels of corn, and 2,274,668 pounds of tobacco. There were 7 flour and grist mills, 2 tanneries and 1 manufactory of farming implements. It contains 26 churches, and 450 pupils attending public schools. Formed in 1746. Capital, Lewistown. Population, 11,692; of whom 4505 were free and 7187 slaves. Lunenburg Court House, or Lewistow^n, a small post-village capital ot Lunenburg county, Virginia, 91 miles South West from Richmond. It has an elevated situation, and contains a handsome court house. Luney's Creek, a post-village of Hardy co., Virginia. 38 298 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. TAYLOR, lOi ''« 'wi w '^« '%! fc Importer and Manufacturer of No. 5 CALVERT STREET, (OPPOSITE BARNUM'S HOTEL,) MC GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 299 LuRAY, a post- village, capital of Page county, Virginia, 136 miles North West from Richmond. It is pleasantly situated in a fertile limestone valley. Here is a quarry of fine marble. Luray contains several churches and about 500 inhabitants. Lynchburg, a ^ flourishing city of t^^m Campbell county, feiVf Virginia, is finely situated on a steep declivity on the right (S.) bank of James river, 120 miles W. S. W. from Richmond and 20 miles S. E. from the Blue Ridge. Lat. 37° 36' N., Ion. 79° 22' W. The South Side railroad, leading to Petersburg and Rich- mond, connects here with the Virginia and Tennessee railroad, which is to form part of the most direct route from the Eastern States to those of the South-west, and to be one of the principal thoroughfares ofthe Union. The James River and Kanawha canal, the greatest public work in the State, following the course of the river from the falls at Richmond, is completed to Buchanan, about 50 miles above Lynchburg, and is to be continued to Covington. The distance between Richmond and Lynchburg by canal is 147 miles. The navigation of the canal renders this town the market of an ex- tensive and fertile tract of country. The principal article is tobacco, of which about 15,000,000 pounds are inspected here annually. About 300,000 bushels of wheat are also received here every year. The city is supplied with river water from a reservoir which is ele- vated about 253 feet above the level of the river, and contains 400,- 000 gallons. This work was finished in 1829, at a cost of $50,000.. The river is here about 200 yards wide, and is crossed by a fine bridge. It affords abundant "water power, which is employed in the manufacture of cotton, wool, flour, &c. The city contains 9 churches, numerous schools, 3 printing offices, 3 banks, 3 savings banks, 1 cotton and woolen factory, 36 tobacco factories, 4 brass and iron foundries and 150 stores, in which the annual sales exceed $2,000,- 000. Capital employed in 1851 in manufactures, $725,000. The town was founded in 1786, and incorporated in 1805. In 1848 it contained 7678 inhabitants. Population in 1854, about 14,000. McDonald's Mill, a post-office of Montgomery county, Va. McDowell, a post-ofl[ice of Highland county, Virginia McElroy, a post office of Doddridge county, Virginia. 300 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. H. W^EBB & SON, Corner of Howard & Pratt Streets, NEAK BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD DEPOT, :3S .A.^LM'm 3VE <=> lEl. 3E3. We keep consfantly on hand a full supply of GROCERIES and LIQUORS, which we will sell at the lowest market prices. We give our prompt attention to the sale of all country Produce consigned to us. ROBERT T. I IMPORTER AND DEALER IN [IS GLASS & Q U EENS WARE, . Britannia Ware, Casters^ &c. No. 41 BALTIMORE STREET, (corner of FREDERICK,) I^ .<^ Xj "X* X nVE O X^ 3E3 . STONE AND EARTHENWARE AT FACTORY PRICES. T. NEWTON K riJiiLMM. DiiyyuL AND SlA/V/r ACCOUNT BOOK MANUFACTURER, No. 151 Pratt Street, Opposite the Maltby House, T. N. K. publishes and is General Agent for the sale of English and German LUTHERAN HmN-BOOKS. CATECHISMS, PRAYER-BOOKS, ALMANACS, AND ALSO ALL OTHER LUTHERAN PtJBLICATIONS. 7^- The Office of the LUTHERAN OBSERVER is at his Store, where all business connected -with the paper is transacted. MASS. SABBATH SCHOOL SOCIETY'S LIBRAEY BOOKS. A full assortment of these excellent publications always on hand and for sale at Catalogue prices. Those of the AMERICAN S. S. UNION also for sale. Full de- scriptive Catalogues supplied gratis. ^X^ The highest market price paid for RAGS, in Cash or Trade. MA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 30 1 McFarland's, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 79 miles South West from Richmond. McGalvysville, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. McKinney's, a post-office of Ritchie county, Virginia. Macksburg, a post-office of Giles county, Virginia. Maddox, a post-office of Hanover county, Virginia. Madison, a county in the North East central part of Virginia, has an area of 280 square miles. The Rapidan river forms its boun- dary on the S. S. E. and South West ; it is also drained by Robert- son's and Hazel rivers, which rise within its limits. The Blue Ridge forms the North West boundary of the county ; the surface is diversified by other elevations, and is noted for the sublimity of its scenery. The soil of the valleys is fertile. The county is timbered with the oak, hickory, cherry and other trees. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and live stock are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 343,443 bushels of corn, 136,684 of wheat, 21,890 of oats, 1,667 tons of hay, and 81,184 pounds of butter. There were 27 flour, grist and saw mills, 7 tanneries, and 1 woolen factory. It contained 15 churches, and 386 pupils attending academies and other schools. Extensive beds of copper ore are found in the Blue Ridge, but are not worked at present. The county is traversed by the Blue Ridge turnpike. Organized in 1792. Capital, Madisontownr Population, 9331 ; of w^hom 4607 were free, and 4724 slaves. Madison Court House, capital of Madison county, Virginia, 70 miles North West from Richmond, 96 miles from Washington. It contains several churches, and there are 5 flouring mills in its vicin- ity. It has a healthy situation on high ground, and commands a beau- tiful view of the Blue Ridge. Population, about 800. Madison Mills, a post-village of Madison county, Virginia, has a woolen factory. Magnolia, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. Maiden Spring, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia, Manassus Station, a post-office of Prince William county, Vir- ginia. Manchester, a post- village of Chesterfield county, Virginia, on the James river, opposite Richmond, with which it is connected by a bridge. It has a beautiful situation, and contains several elegant residences erected by peasons who do business in Richmond. It has 2 churches, and manufactories of tobacco, cotton and flour. Population in 1853 estimated at 1,800 302 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. J. THOMAS TEA VERS, COMMISSION MEECHAIT, No. 243 PRATT STREET, (BETWEEN LIGHT AND CHARLES,) 33 .A. Xj T X M O XL DE2 . JOSEPH nOPKLNS. WM. FAIRCHILD. HOPKINS & FAIRCHILD, SUCCESSORS TO oniEnva: css n o i=» it i 3?^ s. I No. 130 BALTIMORE STREET, NORTH WEST COR. OF CHARLES STREET, A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF ^ ^ 2M 21 IF © OF SUPERIOR QUALITY, Oxxo I=»noo <3XLly. MA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 303 Mangohick, a post-office of King William county, Virginia_, 40 miles E. N. E. from Richmond. Mannington, a village of Marion county, Virginia, on the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad. Mannsborough, a post-village in Amelia county, Virginia, 30 miles South West from Richmond. Mansfield, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia. Marble Hill, a post office of Prince Edward county, Virginia, 83 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Marion, a county in the North West part of Virginia, has an area of about 300 square miles. It is drained by the Monongahela river and its branches, the West fork, and Tygart's Valley river, which unite within its limits. In 1850 the county produced 167,071 bushels of corn, 48,469 of wheat, 93,095 of oats, 6,1^5 tons of hay and 144,409 pounds of butter. There were 17 flour mills, 11 saw mills, 1 iron foundry and 3 tanneries. It contained 21 churches, and 720 pupils attending public schools. Mines of good stone coal are extensively worked, and iron ore is abundant. Steamboats as- cend the river as far as the county seat ; the Baltimore and Ohio railroad passes through the county. It is plentifully supplied with water-power. Organized in 1841-2, and named in honor t)f Gen- eral Francis Marion, a prominent actor in the war of the Revolution. Capital, Fairmont. Population, 10,552, of whom 10,458 were free and 94 slaves. Marion, a small post-village, capital of Smythe county, Virginia, on the Middle fork of Holston river, 275 miles West by South from Richmond. Marksville, a post-village of Page county, Virginia, 100 miles North West from Richmond. Marlin Bottom, a post-office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. Marshall, a county in the North West part of Virginia, border- ing on Pennsylvania and Ohio, has an area of about 230 square miles. The Ohio river washes its Western border, and Fishing and Grave creeks flow through the county. Indian corn, wheat, oats, apples and cattle are the chief products. In 1850 there were raised 302,130 bushels of corn, 74,976 of wheat, 114,345 of oats, and 132,100 pounds of butter were made. _ It contained 15 churches 700 pupils attending public schools, and 60 attending an academy. Stone coal and water-power are abundant. Formed in 1835, and named in honor of John Marshall, late chief-justice of the United 304 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. SISSON & BAIKS'S am iaBiL t '9 Corner North and Monument Streets, Always on hand a large assortment of Marble Mantels, Monuments, Tombs, Garden Statuary, &c. Blocks and Slabs are furnished to the Trade at the lowest New York and Philadelphia prices. G. W. NEILL. M. DUKOSS. W. F. WASHBURN. ILL, DUROSS & GO'S FIKST PKEMIUM 5' m 'm 'JN'c:^. ^ L. McNEAL. G. T). SMITH. E. H. SMITH. 3 SMITH, McHEAL & CO. MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN No. 34 SOUTH CALVERT STREET, 3D X S T I Xj Xj E3 H. ^' No. 13 WEST GRANBY STREET, MA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 305 States. Capital, Elizabethtown. Population, 10,138, of whom 10,089 were free and 49 slaves. Marshallsville, a post-office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. Martinsburg, a flourishing post-village, capital of Berkley county, Virginia, on Tuscarora creek, and on the Baltimore and Ohio rail- road, 180 miles North from Richmond. It is situated in a fertile and elevated region, a few miles West from the Blue Ridge. The tow^n contains 4 or 5 churches, 2 academies, 2 newspaper offices, and 1 almshouse. Population in 1853, about 2,500. Martinsville, a small post village, capital of Henry county, Virginia, on a branch of the Dan river, 207 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Marysville, a post village in Campbell county, Virginia, near Staunton river, 115 miles S. W. by W. from Richmond. Marysville, a post village, capital of Charlotte county, Virginia, is situated near the railroad from Richmond to Danville, 100 miles S. W. from the former. It contains three churches, an academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Mason, a county in the W. part of Virginia, bordering on the Ohio river, has an area of 3000 square miles. The Kanawha river flow^s through the middle of the county into the Ohio. Indian corn, wheat, cattle and swine are the staples. In 1850 it produced 399,- 080 bushels of corn, and 20,545 of wheat. There were two flour mills, five grist mills, four saw mills, and two tanneries. It con- tained twelve churches, and 1150 pupils attending public schools. Timber and stone coal are abundant. Formed in 1804, and named in honor of George Mason, a distinguished statesman of Virginia. Capital, Point Pleasant. Population, 7539 ; of whom 6892 were free, and 647 slaves. Massanutten, a post office of Page county, Virginia, 144 miles N. W. from Richmond Massie's Mills, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia. Mattapony River, in the E. S. E. part of Virginia, rises in Spottsylvania county, and flowing in a general S. E. course after forming the boundary between King and Queen and King William counties, unites with the Pamunkey to form the York river. Matthews, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering on Chesapeake bay, near its southern extremity. It consists of a penin- sula washed by Piankatank river on the N., by the Chesapeake on the E. and by Mobjack bay on the S. W., and joined to the main 39 ""^ ~~ 306 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. ANDERSON & JESSOP, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN COR. LIGHT AND PRATT STREETS, F. W. & R. KING, No. 226 BALTIMORE STREET, MANUFACTURERS OF ENGINEER'S, SURVEYING, DRAIVING, AND Daguerreotype Implements, viz: THEODOLITES, TRANSITS, LEVELS, SyRVEMG COMPASSES. DRAWING INSTRUMENTS IN CASES, FROM $1.50 TO $100. Chains, Tape Lines, Ivory Protractors, Scales, &c, Also a general assortment of Daguerreotype Stock and Materials of all kinds, which we will sell at the lowest market prices. ]VETJrtI>OOII'S IMPROVED PATENT PLATFORM SCALES. Those in want of SCALES of any description, will find it to their advantage to examine the qualities and prices of these Scales, which are of the very best construction, materials and workman- ship, and which, in strength, accuracy and durability, cannot be excelled, as the unqualified approbation of those using them in this and other States, will prove. Also, Counter Scales, Patent Balances and Appa- ratus, Scale Beams, &c. Wholesale and Retail, at lowest prices, and warranted correct. MANUFACTORY, No. 48 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, RICHARD MURDOCH. Scales of any description, size or capacity, made at short notice. ME GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 307 land by an isthmus about one mile wide. Length 20 miles ; great- est breadth eight miles. Area, about 90 square miles. The surface is extremely level ; the soil is sandy and moderately fertile. Wheat, potatoes, oats, hay, and live stock are the staples. The forests con- sist of pine, chestnut, and a species of oak, valuable for ship build- ing, which is an important branch of business in this county. In 1S50 the county produced 7640 bushels of wheat ; 13,292 of sweet potatoes ; 19,405 of oats, and 1288 tons of hay. There were two saw mills, one tannery, nine churches, and 400 pupils attending public schools. Named in honor of General Matthews, an officer in the war of the Revolution and afterwards governor of Georgia. Capital, Westville. Population, 6714, of whom 3791 were free, and 2923 slaves. Matthews Court House, a post village, capital of Matthews county, Virginia, 70 miles E. from Richmond, is situated near an arm of Chesapeake bay. Matthewsville, a village in Pocahontas county, Virginia, 170 miles N. W. by W. from Richmond. Mayfield, a small post village of Isle of Wight county, Virginia, is pleasantly situated, 72 miles S. E. from Richmond. Mayo, a small river of Virginia and North Carolina, rises by two branches, the North and South Mayo, in Patrick county, of the former State, and flowing south-eastward into North Carolina enters the Dan river at Madison. Mayo, a post office of Halifax county, Virginia. Mayoning, a post village in Patrick county, Virginia. Maysville, a post village, capital of Buckingham county, Vir- ginia, is situated on Slate river, at the head of navigation, 27 miles from its mouth, and 87 miles W. from Richmond. Meadow Bluff, a post office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. Meadow Dale, a post office of Highland county, Virginia. Meadow^ River, a small stream in the W. central part of Vir- ginia, rises in Greenbrier county, and flows along the boundary be- tween Nicholas and Fayette counties into Gauley river. Meadow River, a post office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. Meadville, a thriving post village of Halifax county, Virginia, on the Bannister river, at the head of navigation, about 136 miles S. W. from Richmond. Population in 1853, about 500. Mechanicsburg, a post office of Giles county, Virginia. Mechanics River, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia. 308 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. WHOLESALE MANUFACTURER OF Flff© OsiiriFaoirSj Aslh ^SaovoEs^ ©©all OfilTtboffSj ^®o No. 18 CONCORD STREET, BETWEEN LOMBARD AND PRATT, ©^ihigiis^iikiaa MOROCCO FACTORY. G. H. LOCHER & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF MOROCCO LEATHER, No. 137 Front St., (Grubb's old Stand,) Where they manufacture every variety of Morocco and Linings suitable for the trade. The proprietors are practical men, formerly of Pa., and are operating with Phila. hands. All who patronize them will find their stock as cheap and good as can be had in the East. CHARLES FARINGER, MANUFACTURER, CONSTITUTION STREET, Always on hand a large stock of articles in the line, of superior manufacture, and to be disposed of on reasonable terms. ME GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 309 Mechanicsville, a post village of Louisa county, Virginia, 65 miles N. W. from Richmond. It has one church. Mecklenburg, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, border- mg on North Carolina, has an area of 500 square miles. It is inter- sected by the Roanoke river, bounded on the N. by the Meherrin, and also drained by Allen's, Bluestone, and many other creeks. In- dian corn, wheat, oats, and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 552,466 bushels of corn ; 1 13,016 of wheat ; 184,- 695 of oats, and 4,863,184 pounds of tobacco. There were eight flour and grist mills, three tobacco factories, five tanneries, and two coach factories. It contained thirty churches, 284 pupils attending public schools, and 328 attending academies and other schools. Granite and other primary rocks underlie the surface. Organized in 1764. Capital, Boydtown. Population, 20,630, of whom 8168 were free, and 12,462 slaves. Meherrin, a river of Virginia and North Carolina, rises in Lu- nenburg and Charlotte counties of the former State. It passes into North Carolina and flows along the boundary between Gates and Hertford counties, until it unites with the Nottoway river to form the Chowan. Its general direction is E. S. E., and its whole length is estimated at about 150 miles. It is navigable by sloops to Murfreesborough in North Carolina. Meherrin Depot, a post office of Southampton county, Va. Melon, a post office of Barbour county, Virginia. Melrose, a post office of Rockingham county, Virginia, Mercer, a county in the S. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 440 square miles. It is intersected by the Blue Stone river, bounded on the E. by the Kanawha or New river, and also drained by Brush and other creeks, Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and live stock are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 105,946 bushels of corn ; 12,284 of wheat ; 35,280 of oats, and 1375 tons of hay. It con- tained four churches, and 400 pupils attending public schools. Or- ganized in 1837. Capital, Princeton. Population, 4222 ; of whom 4045 were free, and 177 slaves. Mercer Salt Works, a post ofl[ice of Mercer county, Virginia. Meredith's Tavern, a post ofl[ice of Marion county, Virginia. Merriman's Shop, a post office of Prince Edward county, Vir- ginia, 96 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Messongo, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. Metompkin, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 310 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. BALTIMORE BELL & BRASS FOUNDRY WILLIAM PETEKS, No. 8 FKATT STREET, (NEAR THE BRIDGE,) ALSO DEALER IN Of Mver-fjf S^escription^ MIEf ALILUS (SUM 1PA(GKW(S, Composition Spikes, &c. MI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 311 MiDDLEBOuRNE, a thriving post village, capital of Tyler county, Virginia, on Middle Island creek, 45 miles S. by W. from Wheeling. It has a turnpike leading to the Ohio river, and contains a flouring mill. MiDDLEBRooK, a post village of Augusta co., Va., ten miles S. W. from Staunton. It contains a church and about 60 dwellings. MiDDLEBURG, a handsomc post borough of Loudoun county, Virginia, on a small affluent of the Potomac, 143 miles N. from Richmond. It has three churches, a flourishing academy, seven stores and one tobacco factory. Population about 800. Middle Fork, a post office of Randolph county, Virginia. Middle Island Creek, in the N. W. part of Virginia, rises near the boundary between Lewis and Harrison counties. It furnishes ample water power. Middle Mountain, a post office of Botetourt county, Virginia. Middleport, a post office of Braxton county, Virginia. Middle River, of Virginia, a branch of the Shenandoah, rises in Augusta county, flows eastward and unites with the North river near Port Republic, in Rockingham county. Middlesex, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering on Chesapeake bay, at the mouth of Rappahannock river. The latter forms the entire boundary on the N. E., and Piankatank river on the S. W. The length is 39 miles ; mean breadth about 5 miles ; area about 150 square miles. In 1850 there were raised 134,253 bushels of corn, and 30,762 of wheat. There were eight grist mills and five saw mills. It contained nine churches, 152 pupils attend- ing public schools, and 74 attending other schools. Formed in 1675. Capital, Urbana. Population, 4394, of whom 2052 were free, and 2342 slaves. Middletown, a post village of Frederick county, Virginia, on the turnpike leading from Winchester to Staunton, 13 miles S. S. W. from the former. It contains two churches. Middleway, a post village of Jefferson county, Virginia, near Opequan creek, seven miles S. W. from Charlestown, contains two churches. Population, about 500. MiLFORD, a post village of Caroline county, Virginia, on the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad, 38 miles from Richmond. MiLFORD, a small village of Preston county, Virginia, on the turnpike from Branonville to Fishing creek. 312 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. E. M. BOSLEY, IMPORTER OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 9 No. 4 LIGHT STREET WHARF, FOUR DOORS SOUTH OF PRATT ST. ^ .A. Xj T I 3VI O rt E! . T. Manufacturer of all kinds of EDGE TOOLS And Sold, Wholesale and Retail, KTo- as, COR. E. PRATT & MILL. STS. NEAR MARKET SPACE, Also Repairing of every de- scription at moderate prices. JOHN D. HAMMOND, unUUlja^^XlSl^nlim^liiOo, uA. 3Nr 3D ^WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, No. 055 Baltimore Street, (OPPOSITE THE EUTAW HOUSE,) Manufactures and keeps constantly on hand every description of Harness, Trunks, Valises, Carpet Bags, Collars, And every other article in his line. All criers executed with neatness and dispatch. MO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 313 MiLLBOROUGH SpRiNG, a post village of Bath county, Virginia, 157 miles W. N. W, from Richmond. Medicinal springs occur in the vicinity. Mill Creek, a post office of Berkley county, Virginia, abont 168 miles N. by W. from Richmond. MiLLDALE, a post officc of Warren county, Virginia. Miller's Mill, a post office of Bath county, Virginia. Miller's Tavern, a post office of Essex county, Virginia. Mill Falls, a post office of Marion county, Virginia. MiLLiNGTON, a post officc of Albemarle county Virginia. Mill Point, a post village in Pocahontas county, Virginia. MiLLviLLE, a post village of King George county, Virginia, about 70 miles N. N. E. from Richmond. Millwood, a post village of Clarke county, Virginia, 140 miles N. by W. from Richmond. It has one or two churches, and seve- ral flouring mills. Mingo Flat, a post office of Randolph county, Virginia. Mint Spring, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia. Modest Town, a small post village of Accomack county, Vir- ginia, three miles from the Atlantic, and ten miles E. from Acco- mack Court House, contains two churches and a few shops. Monongalia, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, bordering on Pennsylvania, has an area of 630 square miles. It is intersected by the Monongahela and Cheat rivers. The surface is hilly. Lau- rel Hill, the most western ridge of the Alleghanies, passes through the E. part of the county. Much of the soil is fertile. Cattle, lum- ber, flour and iron are the chief exports. In 1850 this county pro- duced 184,379 bushels of corn ^ 52,370 of wheat ; 111,252 of oats ; 6013 tons of hay, and 145,178 pounds of butter. There were 25 flour and grist mills, 13 saw mills, one nail factory, one iron forge, two iron foundries, and three furnaces. It contained 31 churches, 548 pupils attending public schools, and 468 attending other schools. It is traversed by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Stone coal is abundant. Formed in 1776. Capital, Morgantown. Pop- ulation, 12,387 ; of whom 12,211 were free, and 176 slaves. Monroe, a county in the S. W. central part of Virginia, contains 450 square miles. It is drained by the Greenbrier and New rivers, which unite on its N. W. border. In 1850 it produced 250,456 bushels of corn; 51,436 of wheat ; 97,460 of oats; 6073 tons of hay, and 175,254 pounds of butter. There were four flour mills, 40 314 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. B. WHITELEY. JAS. H. STONE. WHITELEY BROS & STONE, Importers & Jobbers of ''Walker Building," Southwest Cor. of Baltimore & Hanover Sts. IB A IL ^ H M ® IE H o N. WALKER. J. H. CAUGHY. S. HAMILTON CAUGHY. Mw W^Molesale anil Retiiil. < ««» » NOAH WALKER & CO. 80 and 82 Centre Market Space, Offer inducements to Customers unsurpassed in this or any other city, in extent and variety of their stock, and style and cheapness of their Goods. ^^ Always on hand an assortment of Goods suitable for the Southern and Western Markets. FRANCIS ARNOLD MANUFACTURER OF SURGICAL & DENTAL INSTRUMENTS, 11 Sharp Street, MO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 315 five saw mills, one woolen factory and five tanneries. It contained 27 churches, 498 pupils attending public schools, and 75 attending an academy. It abounds in mineral springs, some of which are frequented as watering places. Stone coal is found. The Coving- ton and Ohio railroad is located through this county. Capital, Union. Population, 10,204, of whom 9143 were free, and 1061 slaves. Montague, a post village of Essex county, Virginia, 54 miles E. N. E. from Richmond. MoNTEiTHViLLE, a post officc of Stafford county, Virginia. Monterey, a post village, capital of Highland county, Virginia, on the Staunton and Parkersburg turnpike, 180 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. Population, over 100. Montgomery, a county in the S. S. VV. part of Virginia, has an area of about 300 square miles. It is bounded on the W. by New river, and drained by the head streams of the Staunton, or Roanoke, and by Craig's creek. The county is situated at the north-western base of the Blue ridge, and has a mountainous surface. In 1850 it produced 266,616 bushels of corn ; 51,827 of wheat ; 106,120 of oats, and 4453 tons of hay. There were four saw mills and five tanneries. It contained twelve churches, 350 pupils attending pub- lic schools, and 20 attending another school. The county is inter- sected by the Virginia and Tennessee railroad. Formed in 1776. Capital, Christiansburg. Population, 8359, of whom 6888 were free, and 1471 slaves. Montpelier, a post office of Hanover county, Virginia, 24 miles N. from Richmond. Montrose, a post office of Westmoreland county, Virginia. Moorfield, a post village, capital of Hardy county, Virginia, on the South branch of Potomac river, 178 miles N. W. from Rich- mond. Moreland, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. Moreman's River, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 104 miles W. by N. from Richmond. Morgan, a county forming the N. N. E. extremity of Virginia, bordering on the Potomac river, which separates it from Maryland, has an area of about 330 square miles. It is intersected by Caca- pon river, and by Sleepy creek. In 1850 this county produced 46,- 247 bushels of corn ; 40,584 of wheat, and 16,383 of oats. There were five flour and grist mills, two saw mills, and two tanneries ; 316 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. J. M. OREM. W. S. HOPKINS. OREM, HOPKINS & CO. IMPORTERS OF Adapted to Men's Wear, No. 238 BALTIMORE STREET, North Side, Four Doors West of Charles street, CHAS. J. LEREW. GEOKGE SANDER. AUGUST METER. LEREW, SANDER & CO. SUCCESSORS TO CHARLES FISCHER & CO. IMPORTERS OF GERMAN, FRENCH & ENGLISH GOODS, 338 BALTinXORE STREET, ® ii Ha IF 2 IS €) E S o CHAS. A. SMITH. GEORGE D. COCK. H. J. WERDEBAUGH. IMPORTERS OF English, French & German HOSIERY, GLOVES, And Trimmings generally, And Dealers in 293 BALTIMORE STREET, CORNER OF SHARP, :B..^Xjia7XlVCO:FL£3. MO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 317 eleven churches, and 645 pupils attending public schools. The county contains large deposits of iron and stone coal. It is plen- tifully supplied with water power. The Berkley spring in this county is one of the oldest watering places in the United States. Organized in 1820, and named in honor of General Daniel Morgan, an officer in the war of the Revolution. Capital, Bath. Popula- tion, 3557 ; of whom 3434 were free, and 123 slaves. Morgan's Ridge, a post office of Marion county, Virginia. MoRGANTOWN, a thriving post village, capital of Monongalia county, Virginia, is finely situated on the Monongahela river, 295 miles N. W. from Richmond. It has facilities for trade by the steamboat navigation of the river. Morgantown contains a court house, a bank, three newspaper offices, and several mills. Popula- tion, about 1000. MoRRisviLLE, a small post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 95 miles N. by W. from Richmond. Mossy Creek, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia. MouNDSviLLE, Virginia. See Grave Creek. Mountain Cove, a post village of Fayette co,, Va., on the Kan- awha river, 200 miles W. from Richmond. One paper is issued here. Mountain Creek, of Culpepper county, Virginia, flows in an E. S. E. direction, and falls into the Rappahannock or North river. Mountain Grove, a post office of Bath county, Virginia. Mount Airy, a post village of Pittsylvania county, Virginia, 145 miles S. W. from Richmond. It has several churches and mills. Mount Crawford, a post village in Rockingham county, Va. Mount Gilead, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 155 miles N. from Richmond. Mount Horeb, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia, 111 miles W. from Richmond. Mount Israel, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 100 miles W. by E. from Richmond. Mount Jackson, a post village of Shenandoah county, Virginia, on the Valley turnpike from Staunton to Winchester, 13 miles S W. from Woodstock. Mount Level, a post village of Dinwiddle county, Virginia. Mount Meridian, a small post village of Augusta county, Vir- ginia, 118 miles N. W. from Richmond. Mount Pleasant, a post village of Spottsylvania county, Vir- ginia, five miles N. by W. from Richmond. 318 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. ROBERT POOLE. GERMAN H. HUNT. North Street, o'pposite SusqueJianna Railroad Station. POOLE & HUNT, §tmd Padjiimfs anir Car ^mlbm, Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Mill Gearing, Blowing Machinery, Hydraulic Presses, Sugar and Saw Mills, Portable Saw Mills and Engines, Machinists' Tools of all kinds, Shafting Pulleys and Hangers, Steam Boilers, Water Tanks, &c. Car Wheels and Axles filled to order. Wrought Iron Pipes arranged fo heating Build- ings and other purposes. |I3^ CASTINGS made every day. AND Wholesale and Retail, and Agency for the sale of all kinds of As Received direct from the Producer. 00= This is the only house of the kind South of New York. F. P. DIDIER & BHO. Successors to Hambleton & Didier- No. 97 North Howard st., near Franklin st. 1 A L T IM] © [^ [E o Ploughs, Harrows, Wheat Fans, Grist Mills, Horse- powers, Threshers, Horse and Hand Kakes, Straw, Hay and Fodder Cutters, Vegetable Cutters, Corn and Cob Crushers, Shel- lers, Cultivators, Corn Planters, Ox Yokes and Bows, Grind- stones, Cradles, &c., together with an endless variety of Field and Garden Tools, Fruit Trees, Fertilizers, &c. Agents for Dr. X. Bullenoe's invaluable Extract for Man and Horse. Cure guaranteed or no sale. NA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 319 Mount Salem, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. Mount Sidney, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, on the stage road from Winchester to Staunton, ten miles N. E. from the latter. It contains one church and one academy. Population estimated at 300. Mount Solon, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, about 110 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. Mountsville, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 150 miles N. from Richmond. Mount Vernon, Virginia, the former residence of General Wash- ington, on the W. side of the Potomac, six miles below Alexandria. It contains the mansion and tomb of the Father of his country. Mount Vinco, a post office of Buckingham county, Virginia. Mount Zion, a post office of Campbell county, Virginia. Mouth of Indian, a post office of Monroe county, Virginia. Mouth of Pocah, a post office of Putnam county, Virginia. Mouth of Seneca, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. Mouth of Wilson, a post office of Grayson county, Virginia. Mud Bridge, a post office of Cabell county, Virginia. Muddy Creek, a post office of Preston county, Virginia. Murfee's Depot, a post office of Southampton county, Virginia. MuRRAYSviLLE, a post officc of Jackson county, Virginia. Murrell's Shop, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia, 110 miles W. from Richmond. Namozine, a post office of Amelia county, Virginia. Namozine Creek, in the S. E. part of Virginia, flows N. E. along the boundary between Amelia and Dinwiddie counties until it enters the Appomattox river. Nansemond river, Virginia, in Nansemond county, enters Hamp- ton Roads. It is navigable for small vessels 20 miles to Suffolk. Nansemond, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, bordering on North Carolina and the Dismal Swamp ; the area is 400 square miles. Hampton Roads are situated on the N. border of the county, and it is partly iTaversed by Nansemond river, from which it derives its name. Lumber, tar and turpentine are the chief articles of ex- port. In 1850 this county produced 252,842 bushels of Indian corn ; 186,324 of sHveet potatoes, (the greatest quantity of that ar- ticle raised in any one county of the State, except Southampton,) and 3338 tons of hay. There were seven saw mills, four grist mills eight shingle manufactories^ one cotton mill, 19 churches, one news- 320 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. CUSHINGS & BAILEY, BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS, No. 262 MARKET STREET, LAW, MEDICAL, CLASSICAL, SCHOOL AND MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. MEACHAM & HEYWOOD, (SUCCESSORS TO HART, WARE & CO) No. 10 NORTH CHARLES STREET, :o .^ Xj I? X ]\i: o :fl 3E! . Manufacturers and Dealers in Plain and Ornamental ®®f f Ml f lllSf ill. Cottage Bedsteads, Chairs, Extension Dining Tables, OAK AND WALNUT ARM CHAIRS AND SIDE BOARDS. NE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 321 paper office, 298 pupils attending public schools, and 174 attending academies or other schools. The Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad passes through the county. Capital, Suffolk. Population, 12,283, of whom 7568 were free, and 4715 slaves. Nash's Ford, a post office of Russell county, Virginia. Natural Bridge, a post office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. Neabsco Mills, a post office of Prince William county, Va. Neersville, a post office of Loudoun county, Virginia. Negro Foot, a post office of Hanover county, Virginia. Nelson, a county a little S. E. from the centre of Virginia, has an area of 340 square miles. The James river washes the S. E. border, and it is drained by the Rockfish river. The Blue ridge forms the entire boundary on the N. W., and the surface is generally occupied by hills and valleys. The soil is fertile. Indian corn, wheat and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 there, were raised 353,- 432 bushels of corn; 122,230 of wheat, and 1,433,730 pounds of tobacco. There were 37 flour and grist mills, 12 saw mills, 6 tan- neries, four wool-carding mills, and four distilleries ; 21 churches, 347 pupils attending public schools, and 30 attending an academy. The canal, which extends along James river, connects the county with Richmond. Formed in 1807, and named in honor of Thomas Nelson, Governor of Virginia in 1781. County town, Lovingston. Population, 12,758 ; of whom 6616 were free, and 6142 slaves. Nestorville, a post office of Barbour county, Virginia. Newark, a post office of Wirt county, Virginia. New Baltimore, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 105 miles N by W. from Richmond, has 1 church and 1 academy. Newbern, a post village, capital of Pulaski county, Virginia, on the Virginia and Tennessee railroad and the stage route from Bal- timore to Nashville, 222 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. The sit- uation is elevated and pleasant. The town has an active trade and cont ins two churches. Population from 300 to 400. The New river, near Newbern, passes along a vertical wall of rock, about 500 feet high and several miles in length, called the " Glass Windows.'' New Brighton, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. New California, a post office of Jackson county, Virginia. New Canton, a post village of Buckingham county, Virginia, on James river, at the mouth of Slate river, sixty-three miles W. from Richmond. New Castle, a post village, capital of Craig county, Virginia, ~~ 41 ~ 322 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. ELEGANT PIANO FORTES! BALTIMORE DEPOT FOR THE SALE OF HALLET, DAVIS & CO S (BOS TO N) 1 1 i ^VITH ENTIRE IRON FRAME, if) AND OYEE STRINGS. GIVING GREAT TOLUME AND SWEETNESS OP TONE. ALSO, HAINES, BROTHER & CUMMINGS' CELEBRATED NEW YORK PIANOS, W^ITH OVER STRINGS. A FINE ASSORTMENT OF FROM S45 TO $150, Embracing those with One or Two Sets of Reeds and Two Stops. Also the beautiful ORGAN ME- LUDEON, (Goodman's Patent,) made by Messrs. Goodman and Baldwin. This Instrument has two hank's of keys, which couple or may be used separately; and ha.s three sets of reeds, giving great power, and being susceptible of producing manv of the beautinil ctfocls of the CHQRCH ORGAN. « 3E3E, O S» :0 O 3R. XV ,► No. 1 NORTH CHARLES STREET, (^Oiie Door from Boltimore street,) tW Seoond-Iiand Pianos taken In Excbange for ITew. NE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 323 at the fork of Craig's creek, 193 miles W. from Richmond, contains one or two churches and an academy. New Church, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. New Cumberland, a post village of Hancock county, Virginia, near the Ohio river. New Glasgow, a small post village of Amherst county, Virginia. 119 miles W. from Richmond. New Hope, a small post village of Augusta county, Virginia, 114 miles N. W. from Richmond, has one church. New Kent, a county in the E. S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 190 square miles. The Pamunkey river forms its boundary on the N. E., and the Chickahominy on the S. W. Indian corn, oats, potatoes, cattle and swine are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 178,813 bushels of corn ; 37,346 of oats ; 13,650 of sweet potatoes, and 38,031 pounds of butter. There were 12 flour and grist mills, 10 churches, and 300 pupils attending public schools. The Pamunkey or York river is navigable on the border of the county. Formed in 1654. Capital New Kent Court House. Population, 6064; of whom 2654 were free, and 3410 slaves. New Kent Court House, capital of New Kent county, Virginia, 30 miles E. from Richmond. New London, a post village of Campbell county, Virginia, 110 miles W. by S. from Richmond. New Market, a small post village of Nelson county, Virginia, on James river, at the mouth of Tye river, 108 miles W. from Rich- mond. New Market, a post village of Shenandoah county, Virginia, 150 miles N. W. from Richmond. There are several forges and factories in the vicinity which abounds in iron ore. It contains 3 or 4 churches. New JVI^RTiNsviLLE, a post village, capital of Wetzel county, Virginia, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of Fishing creek, 40 miles below Wheeling. New Milton, a post office of Doddridge county, Virginia. Newport, a small village of Augusta county, Virgmia, 18 miles W. from Staunton, the county seat, has two stores. Newport News, a post office of Warwick county, Virginia. New River, of Virginia. See Kanawha. New Salem, a post office of Harrison county, Virginia. Newsom's Depot, a post office of Southampton county, Virginia. 324 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. BOOKS AJ VD STAT IONERY. JOHN GUSHING & CO. BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS, No. 6 North Howard Street, (OPPOSITE HOWARD HOUSE,) 3B .A. Ij rr I IS/L o JAMES R. WARD & GO'S O A. I3Xr E3T 9 h No. 48 South Calvert Street. The undersigned calls the attention of purchasers to their extensive assortment of CABINET FURNITURE. We name in part — Mahogany, Walnut, Maple and Common Chairs; Dressing and Plain Bureaus ; Wardrobes, Sofas, Bed- steads; Hair and Husk Mattresses; Feather Beds, Looking Glasses, &c. We are prepared to sell on accommodating terms. Give us a call. JOHN McMULLAN, AND CHAIR MANUFACTURER 15 & 17 NOHTH GAY STREET, B Jv. E^ !■ I M® IB II o Constantly on hand a large stock of Furniture Materials of all kinds. Trimmings and Upholstery Goods of every description, at -\;^ XZ O Xj 3E3 S ..^\. Xji 3E3 «*J H. 3E3 T .A. I Xj . Orders respectfully solicited. NO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 325 New Store, a post office of Buckingham county, Virginia, 81 miles W. from Richmond. Newton, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. Newtown, or Stephensburg, a neat and thriving post village of Frederick county, Virgmia, on the turnpike leading from Win- chester to Staunton, eight miles S. by E. from the former. It con- tains two churches, a market house, and over 100 dwellings. Newtown, a small post village of King and Queen county, Vir- ginia, 38 miles N. E. from Richmond. New Upton a post office of Gloucester county, Virginia. Nicholas, a county in the W. central part of Virginia. The Kanawha river washes its S. W. border ; it is traversed from E. to W. by the Gauley river, and also drained by Meadow river and Buffalo Creek. The surface is hilly and mountainous, and covered with extensive forests. A large part of the land is unproductive. Indian corn, oats, grass, and live stock are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 83,273 bushels of corn, 31,377 of oats, 2001 tons of hay, and 41,976 pounds of butter. It contained nine churches and 189 pupils attending public schools. A railroad is projected, which, when finished, will connect the county with the Ohio river.- Formed in 1818. Capital Summerville. Population, 3963, of whom 3890 were free, and 73 slaves, NicKLEsviLLE, a post officc of Scott couuty, Virginia. Nickell's Mills, a post office of Monroe county, Virginia. Nineveh, a post office of Warren county, Virginia. Noland's Ferry, a post office of Loudoun county, Virginia, 161 miles N. from Richmond. NoMiNY Grove, a post office of Westmoreland county, Virginia. Norfolk, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, bordering on North Carolina, has an area of 480 square miles. It is situated on the western shore of Chesapeake bay, on the estuary of James river, which is called Hampton Roads. Indian corn, oats and sweet po- tatoes are cultivated, and cypress lumber is one of the principal ex- ports. In 1850 this county produced 307,245 bushels of corn, and 21,303 of sweet potatoes. There were three ship-yards, one cord- age and three saw manufactories, two iron foundries, and one ma- chine shop. It contained 36 churches, 13 newspaper offices, 1924 pupils attending public schools, and 363 attending academies or other schools. The county is intersected by the Dismal Swamp canal, which connects the Chesapeake with Albemarle sound, and 826 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. BOOKS, STATIONERT, ®««liOiTEiWLl A largo aesorlmcnt of every thing in this line of business can always be obtained at wo(7crafc price* and superior quality, of WILLIAM ffllNIFIE, No. 114 BALTIMORE STREET, iio -^L Hi T? I iia: o ^1. Es, "Who keeps the ONLY DEPOT -where all the Drawing, requisites, used by the Architect, Engineer, Machinist, Water Color Artist, or Student of Drawing, can be obtained, such as Mathematical Instru- ments, in cases and in separate pieces, Sca'es of Ivory, paper and boxwood, in every variety; T. ti^(|uares, Triangles, Curves, Protractors, Tapo I/ines, "Water Colors, in boxes and loose; India Ink ; Camel's hair and Sable Pencils ; Porcelain Cups, Pallets and Eests; Eubber; Pencils of all grades; black and colored Crayons; Porte-crayons; Stumps; Monochromatic Paper; French and English Crayon and Drawing Papers of all sizes; Tracing Linen; Tracing Paper, Bristol Boards; Graduated Boards; plain and colored Studies for Flowers, Fruits, Landscape, Ornament and the figures ; blank Drawing Books; Elementary Studies, &c., &c , of the best qualities and at uniform prices, from which no abatement is made, except to Teachers and "Wholesale Purchasers. l^^" Orders per Mail ^cill Tje promptly attended to, andJiUed on the same terms as if piirchased in person. Books on Soience and General Literature ; Counting House and Fancy Stationeet. :0 Xj j^ UNT 31^ ^<30Z^JS Oil hand or made to order in every style of Ruling and Binding. eEosoi: -w. wbbb, mmmm m mmm, Has removed to the Old Established Jewelry Stand on the S. E. COR. BALTIMORE & CHARLES STS. Where he intends keeping a well selected stock of RICH JEWELRY In the MANUFACTURE and REPAIR OF JEWELRY, every attention will be paid to neatness and durability. Will be under the charge of Mr. JACOB BRADENBAUGH, who has had a long experience as a practical workman, and will give. his personal attention to the RE- PAIRING of Fine Watches Purchasers may rely upon getting articles of such quality as represented. Orders from the country attended to with fidelity and dispatch. NO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 327 by the Portsmouth and Roanoke raih-oad. Capital, Portsmouth. Population, 33,036, of whom 22,636 were free, and 10,400 slaves. Norfolk, a city and port of entry of Norfolk county, Virginia, is situated on the right or N. bank of Elizabeth river, eight miles from Hampton Roads, thirty two miles from the sea, 160 miles by water or 106 by land S. E. from Richmond. Lat. 36° 51' N., Ion. 76° 19' W. The river, which is seven-eighths of a mile wide, separates it from Portsmouth. Next to Richmond, Norfolk is the most pop- ulous city of Virginia. It has more foreign commerce than any other place in the State, and together with Portsmouth is the most important naval station in the Union. The most conspicuous pub- lic buildings ar^ the City Hall, which has a granite front, a cupola 110 feet high, and a portico of six Tuscan columns ; its dimensions are eighty feet by sixty : the Norfolk Military Academy, a Doric structure, 91 feet by 47, with a portico of six columns at each end : the Mechanics' Hall, a Gothic building 90 feet by 60 : Ashland Hall and a Baptist church with a steeple 200 feet high. It also contains 14 churches, one of which is Roman Catholic, nine seminaries, a hospital, an orphan asylum, three banks, »nd two reading rooms. Five newspapers are published here. The trade of Norfolk is facil- itated by the Dismal Swamp canal, which opens a communication between Chesapeake bay and Albemarle sound, and by the Seaboard and Roanoke railroad, which connects it with the towns of North and South Carolina. The canal, constructed with great labor through the Dismal Swamp, is navigable by schooners, and brings to this place a very extensive trade in corn and lumber. A railroad is projected iiom this city to Petersburg. The entrance of the har- bor is defended by forts Calhoun and Monroe. The capital invested in manufactures is about $570,000, and the value of the annual pro- ductions is estimated at $1,140,000. The reported value of real estate is $5,000,000. Norfolk was laid out in 1705, incorporated as a borough in 1736, and as a city in 1845. In 1776 it was burnt by the British. Population in 1850, 14,326 ; in 1854 about 20,000. Northampton, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, is situated on the eastern shore of Chesapeake bay, and forms the S. extremity 328 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. J. W. MIDDLETON & CO. TIN PLATE & SHEET IRON WORKERS, No. 30 South Calvert Street, Also a general assortment of BRITANNIA WARE, and all kinds of HOLLOW WARE, such as pots, Ovens and Tea Kettles, constantly on hand. JOHN MALLON, PUMP AND BLOCK MAKER, Corner Pratt and South Streets, J. M. manufoctiires Oak and Pine WELL PUMPS, of any length ; Patent plank Blocks, Patent solid Blocks, Iron bushed Blocks, Oars, Handspikes, Deck Plugs and all other articles in his line of business, on reasonable terms. E. WHITMAN. E. W. ROBINSON. B. WHITMAN & CD'S New Agricultural Implement, Seed and Machine Wareliouscj No. 63 EXCHANGE PLACE, BALTIMORE. Farmers>nd Mechanics will timl at our new Warebdusc nearly every Irapleiiienf, Machine or Tool used in their hne of business. Our arrangements with Northern manufacturers, together with our own facilities for manufacturing in Baltimore, enable ns to avail ourselves of all new and vaUiable improvements, and to offer them to the public on the most favorable terms. Our stock probably embraces the greatest variety of any house of the kind in this country, among which may be found the following, viz : AGRICULTURAL. Horsepowers, Threshing Machines, Wheat Fans, Plows and Harrows, Cultivators, Wheat and Seed Drills, Heaping Machines, Cornshellers, Straw Cutters, Corn and Cob Crushers, Plantation Mills, IMPIiEMENTS AND Vegetable Cutter.s, Hydraulic Kams, Pumps of all kinds, Slio\ els, Spu pils attending public schools and 117 attending other schools. Cop- per, stone coal, and marl are found. The county is intersected by 848 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. No. 66 CAI.V£!HT STREE'il', (Near Pkatt Street Wharf.) MANUFACTURER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF WOODEN, WILLOW And Cedar Ware, BRISTLE BRUSHES, MATS, TWINE, CORDAGE, MATCHES, ' BLACKING, CLOCKS, WINDOW SHADES, &c. &c. For the trade on the most reasonable terms. SPENCER ROWE. OPPOSITE OALVERT STATI ON, The undersigned h iving leased the above hotel and put it in complete order, is prepared to accommodate his friends and the traveling public. The proprietor will be pleased to see his old friends, and promises to make their stay comfortable and satisfactory. Baggage taken to and from Calvert Station Free of Charge. JOHN BARR, Proprietor, (Formerly of Peiiiisylvaiiia.) nmii SClliiN liOCKAWA! (JRAi Fil! J. MONTGOMERY Sl BRO'B CELEBRATED DOUBLE SCREEN ROCKAWAIT WHEAT FANS, PATENTED December 20tli, 1853. |I3^ These Fans have taken the First Premiums at (Mght of the principal Agricultural Fairs of Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina, in 1854. They are adapted to all kinds of grains. All orders will be tliankfully re- ceived and promptly attended to. Address J. MONTGOMERY &BRO. No. 155 N. High Street. PR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 349 two lines of railway leading to Richmond, Danville and Lynchburg. Capital, Prince Edward Court House. Population 11,857, of whom 4,665 were free and 7,192 slaves. Prince Edward Court House, a small post village, capital of Prince Edward county, Virginia, 75 miles W. S. W. from Rich- mond. It contains, besides the county buildings, one or two churches and 2 academies. Prince George, a county in the S.^^E. part of Virginia, has an area of about 300 square miles. James river forms its northern boundary, the Appomattox flows along its north-western border un- til it enters the former stream, and it is also drained by the sources of Blackwater river. Indian corn, wheat, oats and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 261,510 bushels of corn, 81,042 of wheat, 23,600 of oats, and 32,988 pounds of butter. There were 19 manufactories of wooden'ware, beside other establishments; 14 churches, and 198 pupils attending public schools. Capital, Prince George Court-house. Population, 7596, of whom 3,188 were free and 4,408 slaves. Prince George Court House, a post village, capital of Prince George county, Virginia, 24 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. Princess Anne, a county in the S. E. extremity of Virginia, bordering on North Carolina and the Atlantic. The area is about 420 square miles. The Chesapeake bay washes its N. border ; Cape Henry forms the N. E. extremity. Large quantities of firewood and lumber (pine and cypress) are procured from the forests for the Nor- folk market. Indian corn is the staple product of the farms. In 1850 there were raised 347,141 bushels of corn, 60,024 of oats, and 1,593 tons of hay. There were four grist and saw mills and two farming implement manufactories ; 17 churches and 819 pupils at- tending public schools. Formed from Norfolk in 1691. Capital Princess Anne Court House. Population, 7,669, of whom 4,539 were free, and 3,130 slaves. Princess Anne Court House, a post village, capital of Princess Anne county, Virginia, 137 miles S. E. from Richmond. It con- tains two churches. Princeton, a post village, capital of Mercer county, Virginia, 270 miles West from Richmond, It has two churches. Prince William, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, con- tains about 325 square miles. The Potomac river forms its boun- dary on the S. E., the Occoquan on the N. E., it is also drained by 350 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. HENRY J. BAKER. CHA-RLES J. BAKER. JOSEPH ROGERS, Jb. BAXEB & BEO. IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF CHEMICALS, PAINTS, GLUE, &c. Nos. 32 and 34 South Charles street, 9 No. 5 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, i i^ L T []^ © 1^ 1 . JAMBS S. ROBINSON, Has in Store, for sale at Manufactory Prices, PRINTING, WRITING IND WRAPPING PIPER, Printers' Cards, Box, Bonnet and Straw Goods, AND WILL PURCHASE FOR CASH, RAG'S, CANVAS, ROPE, &c. BUTT & RICKETTS, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Foreign Fruits, Huts, Cigars, &c. CORNER OF BALTIMORE AND LIBERTY STREETS, lO -A- Ij O? I 3VI O It E3- WM. ROGERS. JAS. M. COULTER. BOSTON HAZLITT. 9 JAS. HAZLITT. JAMES HAZLITT & CO. IMPORTERS OF Irish and Scotch Malt Whiskeys, -JE^ J^ '\r JIL ISI Jk. €^X €:3r JiL.FL Sn AND DEALERS IN mmm o^m wmmm^f^ No. 4 COMMEROII STREET, b_a.ltim:oiie. RA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 351 Cedar Run, Broad Run, and Quantico creek. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay and butter are the staples. In 1850 it produced 161,248 bushels of corn, 57,728 of wheat, 57,717 of oats, 2,309 tons of hay, and 79,079 pounds of butter. There were 19 flour, grist, plaster and saw mills, five wool-carding mills, one cotton factory and one woolen factory. It contained 13 churches and 316 pupils attending public schools. Formed in 1730. Capital, Brentsville. Popula- tion 8,129, of whom 5,631 were free and 2,498 slaves. Pulaski, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, contains about 250 square miles. It is intersected by New river, which also flows along the Eastern border ; Little river, an affluent of the for- mer, forms part of its eastern boundary. The county occupies a part of the great valley between Walker's mountain on the N. W. and the Blue Ridge on the S. E. Cattle are raised for exportation. In 1850 this county produced 175,510 bushels of Indian corn, 35,- 284 of wheat, 63,367 of oats, and 2,639 tons of hay. There were four grist mills, five saw mills, one flour mil], four wool-carding mills and five tanneries. It contained nine churches, and 292 pupils attending academies and other schools. The county contains abun- dance of iron and stone coal. It is intersected by the Virginia and Tennessee railroad. Organized in 1839, and named in honor of the Polish count, Pulaski. Capital, Newbern.' Population, 5,118, of whom 3,647 were free and 1,471 slaves. PuNGOTEAGUE, a post village of Accomack county, Virginia, 12 miles S. W. from Accomack Court House. It has two churches and a mill. Putnam, a county in the West part of Virginia, touching the Ohio river, contains 350 square miles. It is intersected by the Great Kanawha river, navigable by steamboats. Indian corn, oats and butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 249,040 bushels of corn, 50,079 of oats and 59,862 pounds of butter. There were six grist mills, eight saw mills and 11 cooper shops. It con- tained 13 churches, 65 pupils attending public schools and 80 at- tending other schools. The hills contain immense beds of iron ore and bituminous coal. It was organized in 1848, including parts of Macon and Kanawha counties. Capital, Winfield. Population, 5,335, of whom 4,703 were free and 632 slaves. QuiLLiNsviLLE, a post village in Scott county, Virginia, 320 miles West by North from Richmond. Racoon, a post office of Preston county, Virginia. 352 WHEELING BUSINESS BIRECTORY. This Magnificent Hotel, (the pride of Wheeling,) was built by the M'Lure House Company in 1851, and opened up January, 1853, simultaneously with the opening of the B. &. O. R. R., at a cost of about $180,000, and furbished at a cost of $36,000, contains 150 finely ventilatea rooms of capacious size, and is supplied with Em, mm ^ smowiis mAwm, On different Floors, for the accommodation of Ladies and Gentlemen, and is kept in a style not surpassed by any House in the Union. This House is most fortunately not situated on the River bank, and is therefore free from all the annoyances of wharf business, but is situated on the Corner of Market and Monroe Streets, In the most fashionable and business part of our thriving City ard Within three Minutes' Walk of the B. & O. R. R., C. O. R. R. and Steamboat Landing. The Post Office and Court house are on the same square. Express and Stage Offices in the Basement. All the appliances and attentions which have so eminently contributed to the com- fort of the traveling community, and the boarders of the M'LURE HOUSE, will be continued with undeviating exactness, and at the unprecedented price of And as the Proprietor is well acquainted with the wants of the traveling public, he is confident that he can meet their wishes in every particular. This spacious Hotel contains thirty rooms more than the Eutaw House in Balti- more, and is more commodious than the Girard House of Philadelphia, and more than doubly as commodious as any Hotel in Wheeling. OMNIBUSES and PORTERS always in attendance to convey passengers and baggage to and from this Hotel. "WATSON CARR, Proprietor. RE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 353 Racoon Ford, a post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, on the Rfipidan river, 90 miles N. N. W. from Richmond, contains sev- , eral mills. Raleigh Court House, Virginia. See Beckley. Randolph, a county in the North part of Virginia, bordering on Maryland, is about 80 miles in length, and 35 miles wide : area, about 2,800 square miles. It is drained by the head streams of the Buchanan, Cheat and Tygart's Valley rivers, branches of the Monon- gahela; it is traversed in the S. W. part by Elk river. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and wool are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 87,468 bushels of corn, 11,740 of wheat, 44,789 of oats, 6,480 tons of hay and 56,339 pounds of butter. It contained 10 churches and 380 pupils attending public schools. Stone coal, iron, limestone, sandstone and slate are abundant. Salt is procured from some of its springs. Named in honor of John Randolph, of Roan- oke. Capital, Beverly. Population, 5,243 ; of whom 5,042 were free and 201 slaves. Rapidan river, of Virginia, rises on the S. E. base of the Blue Ridge. Flowing Southward and then Eastward, it forms the boun- dary between Green and Orange counties on the right and Madison and Culpepper on the left, and unites with the Rappahannock about 10 miles above Fredericksburg. Its length is estimated at 80 miles. Rapid Ann, a post village of Madison county, Virginia, 102 miles N. W. from Richmond. It contains three churches and several stores. Rappahannock, a river in the East part of Virginia, is formed at the eastern extremity of Culpepper county, by the confluence of North and Rapidan rivers. Flowing in a south-easterly course, it falls over the primitive ledge, and meets the ocean tides at Freder- icksburg, where it affords extensive water power. It now becomes a navigable stream, and after forming the boundary between several counties on each hand, enters the Chesapeake bay between Wind- mill and Stingray points. Ravens wood, a thriving post village of Jackson county, Virginia, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of Sand creek, 15 miles N. W. from Ripley. Population 200. Rectortown, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 130 miles North by West from Richmond. Red Sulphur Springs, a post village of Monroe county, Vir- ginia, on Indian creek, 240 miles West from Richmond, and 38 45 354 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GEO. W. SMITH, file ifflfif II Ml ill Hill JOHN L. HARGRBAVES, (SUCCESSOR TO J. CAMM,) puii im mciRiTin nm m si&i nmm ^^mm% mmmv mmm% PAPER HANGER, &c. No. 205 Main street, Wheeling, Va. IMITATOR OF WOODS AND MARBLES, DAMASKS, TAPESTRIES, MOROCCOS, &c. Ceiling and Wall Painting, in Oil, Turpentine, Size, and Composition Colors, in every style of interior decoration. Specimens may be seen by calling at the store. ^^* Parlor White done in a Superior Style. "'^. GEORGE EGBERTS, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN Keeps constantly on hand and for sale all sizes of BLINDS AND SLATS. Blinds Repaired and Trimmed equal to New, Call and see Specimens at (NEAR THE BRIDGE,) SI H IS 2. 2 1 ® o Old iiaB i8Mii»i aera ISAAC J. SELIGMAN, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER, RI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 356 miles S. W. from White Sulphur Springs. It is situated in a small valley among the Alleghany mountains, and is a place of fashionable resort, having been improved by the erection of expensive buildings. The temperature of the water is 54° Red Sweet Springs, a post office of Alleghany county, Virginia. Reedy Island River, in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, rises in the Blue Ridge, flows north-westward through Carroll county, and enters the New river. Length about 70 miles ; greatest width, 125 yards. It furnishes immense water-power. Reedy Ripple, a post office of Wirt county, Virginia. Rehoboth, a post village in Lunenburg county, Virginia, 85 miles S. W. from Richmond. Riceville, a thriving post village of Pittsylvania county, Vir- ginia, on Banister river, about 150 miles S. W. from Richmond. It has two stores. Richardsville, a post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, 95 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. Richmond, a county in the East part of Virginia, has an area of 140 square miles, and a length of 30 miles. The Rappahannock river forms its entire boundary on the S. W. The surface is nearly level. The soil has lately been improved by the use of guano. In- dian corn, wheat, potatoes and cotton are cultivated. Firewood is one of the chief articles of export, and large numbers of the inhab- itants find lucrative employment in the oyster business. In 1850 this county produced 185,800 bushels of corn, 42,404 of wheat, 7,178 of sweet potatoes, 26,390 pounds of butter and 6,458 of wool. There were two coach manufactories and 1 saw mill. It contained nine churches and 220 pupils attending public schools. Organized in 1692. Capital, Warsaw. Population, 6448, of whom 4,171 were free and 2,277 slaves. Richmond, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Henrico county, and capital of the State of Virginia ; is situated on the N. E. bank of James river, at the lower falls at the head of tide water. Lat. (Cap- itol) 37° 32' 17" N.; long, from Greenwich 77° 27' 28" W., and from Washington 00° 25' 58" W. Distance by the most direct Railroad from Washington, 130 miles; from Baltimore, 168 miles; from Philadelphia, 266 ; from New York, 344 miles ; from Boston, 580 miles; from Raleigh, 174 miles; from Wilmington, 248 miles. The situation of Richmond is highly picturesque. The city is di- vided into two unequal parts by a valley, through which passes the 356 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. A. D. EICE. C. SWAKTZ. RICE & SWARTZ, MANUFACTUKERS OF TliiSIIII ill iLIA\illl, LEAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, nSartin's Ferry, Belmont County, WHEELING STEEL WORKS, STANTON, BELL, GOW & CO. PLOUGH STEEL, STEEL WINGS, 8cC. Pm^S (sM (?s S. M'CLALLEN. S. M'CLALLEN, Jr. C. D. KNOX. ^ M'CLALLENS & KNOX, f%^ \7HOLESALE DEALERS IN 9 ALS O, WOOL ^ PALM HATS, No. 113 MAIN STBSET, 1 11 nsf ©» JOHM L. NEWBY, ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR AT LAW, ^W 3E2: E5 E! Xj X PO" CBS- - RI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 357 Shockoe creek to enter James river. It is chiefly built upon the hills and more elevated grounds on either side of this depression, which have a beautiful variety of surface, and afford in many parts highly picturesque situations for dwellings and for public edifices. Splen- did views of the city and surrounding county are presented from different points, each varying the scene. The soil is red clay. The river flows over a bed of granite, of which there are inexhaustible quarries on its banks, extensively used for building and other pur- poses. The city is regularly laid out with streets crossing at right angles. Its entire area embraces about 3^ square miles, of which the built portion is about 3 miles long, andf mile wide. The dwell- ing houses are generally neat and convenient, of brick and wood. Many private residences are very elegant and costly. The capitol occupies a very commanding situation on an elevated plain called Shockoe hill, in the Western division of the city. It stands in Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground containing about 8 acres, ornamented with trees, grass plats, walks, etc. It is a spacious and elegant building, surrounded on three sides by a lofty and imposing portico, in the Ionic order. It contains a statue of Washington, the only one ever taken from life, executed by Houdon, a celebrated French artist, and erected in 1788 ; a bust of Lafayette, etc. The City Hall, on Broad street, fronting Capitol Square, is an elegant edifice of Grecian architecture, with a portico at each end of four Doric columns. The Governor's House is at the east end of the square. The County Court-house is about one mile from the capi- tol. The State Penitentiary, in the Western suburbs, is 300 feet long and 110 broad, in the form of a hollow square, surrounded by extensive grounds. The Alms-house, a spacious building, is in the Northern suburbs. The Armory is a large edifice 320 feet long by 280 wide. The Female Orphan Asylum is supported partly by the corporation and partly by private munificence. There are about 25 churches, many of which are very handsome edifices. The Monu- mental Episcopal church stands upon the site of the Richmond The- atre, which was destroyed by fire, Dec. 26th, 1811, and whereby 66 white and 6 colored persons lost their lives. The congregation of the African church is one of the largest in the Union. The Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College, founded 1838, in 1850 had 7 professors, 90 students, and 40 graduates. The Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society was founded in 1831. St. Vincent's and Richmond colleges, near the city, are flourishing GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 359 academies. The Richmond Female Institute is also a new and prosperous College. — the above is a view of this beautiful establish- ment. Among the numerous periodicals of Richmond, the follow- ing are celebrated for the ability and talent of their conductors viz : "Richmond Enquirer," " Richmond Whig," "Examiner," "Dis- patch," "Post," "Literary Messenger." "Watchman and Ob- server," " Religious Herald." The city government is vested in the Mayor, recorder, aldermen, and city council. The city is lighted with gas, and generally well paved ; the markets are well supplied. The public water w^orks were commenced in 1830, and cost about $120,000. By two forc- ing pumps, worked by water power, 800,000 gallons of water in 24 hours are lifted from James river, into three reservoirs, containing each 1,000,000 gallons, thence distributed over the city in pipes. The principal manufactures are of tobacco, flour, iron, cotton, and woolens. Water power of unlimited extent is furnished by James river, which, within a few miles of the city descends eighty feet. Of tobacco there are 35 to 40 factories, among the most ex- tensive is that of William H. Grant, (a view of the Banner factory we present on the opposite page,) and ten or twelve stemmeries, to- gether employing about 2,500 blacks and manufacturing 12 to 15,- 000 hogsheads annually. Besides smaller mills, here are two of the most extensive flouring mills in the world, " Gallego" and "Hax- 360 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. THEAKER, MITCHELL & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF STEAM ENdlNES, BOILERS, &c. ALSO, EVERT DESCRIPTION OF mXXjXj 3k^ -A. O 11 I KT E3 H. -S" > RAIL ROAD CARS & R. R. MACHINERY GEI^ERALLY, On the most Approved Plans, and at Reduced Prices, BRIDGEPORT, BELMONT COUNTY, INGRAM & KNODE, Cor. IVIarket & Monroe Streets, Coffee, Tea, Ham, Eggs, Beef Steak, Ciame in season. LS '^ JAMES CALDWELL, Proprietor. G-EO. VARNBY, MANUFACTURER OF 9\ Keeps constantly on hand a good supply of Roofing Paper, and Composition, for which he can fill orders at the shortest notice. Also, manufacturer of WAGONS, CARTS, DRAYS, &c. Corner of Market and 1st Streets, RI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 361 all," each running twenty or more pairs of stones, capable of pro- ducing 800 to 900 barrels of flour daily. There are three iron roll- ing mills, foundries of cannon, etc., and an extensive nail factory on Belle isle, producing 75,000 pounds of nails weekly. Four cot- ton mills work up nearly 3,000,000 pounds of cotton per annum, and a woolen mill 600,000 pounds of wool annually. Besides these, are large machine shops, a paper mill, etc. There are three banks, having an aggregate capital of $2,143,000 three insurance companies, and three savings banks. Four lines of railroad here connect, viz : Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac R. R., commencing at Aquia creek on the Potomac, 75 miles long ; Richmond and Petersburg R. R,, 22 miles long ; the Central R. R. to Covington, and Danville R. R. completed to Keese- ville, 73 miles. The James River Canal, completed in 1835 to Lynch- burg, 146 miles, and in 1S52 to Balcony Falls, is the principal chan- nel of trade with the interior. The following statement exhibits the amount of tonnage, and its estimated value, imported into Richmond on the James River and Kanawha Canal,Muring each of the 5 years, 1848-52, with its freight and tolls : Year ending No. of Tons. Estimated value. Freights and tolls. Oct. 31. 1848 125,054 $4,230,532 18 $192,750 88 1849 140,696 5,435,046 66 247,801 08 1850 137,589 0,123,865 49 213,741 47 1851 140,924 5,133,853 G2 184,839 88 1852 153,377 7,145,837 43 220,947 84 Total (1848-52) • 697,640 $28,069,135 38 $1,060,140 65 The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with its value and freightage, imported into Richmond, on the Richmond and Pe- tersburg R. R., during each of the five years 1848-52. rear ending- Tonnage. Estimated value. Freight. Sept. 30. 1848 20,301 $632,657 99 $18,361 62 1849 19,539 695,742 40 18,159 71 1850 22,861 1,377,665 45 21,560 83 1851 19,533 886,412 40 18,314 12 1852 27,932 1,262,248 85 24,752 89 Total (1848-52) 110,166 $4,854,627 09 $101,149 18 The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with its es- timated value, and the freights and tolls on the same, imported into Richmond during 1852, by the various works of internal improve- ment leading into the city : 46 - - 362 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. GUSHING & OSBUN, MANUFACTURERS OF AND Cuintmtltb Citrriap ©ilClotlj, BOMMET AND BINDERS' BOARDS, •\7^ n E3 :ns X-, z rg- cs- , JOUN BATHA. DAVID BATHA. MAJrUPACTUliEUS OF TM AWB ^MEEIT MOM WAIE, WHOLESAIiK AND RETAIL. ALSO, DEALERS IN Japanned & House Furnishing Hardware. J. TUHTO 10110^ lign, ml (Drimjnentfll 9 fCF" Signs, Banners and Flags, transparent, plain and fancy; Graining, &c., ex- ecuted with neatness and dispatch. WATCHES, clocks'! JEWELRY, No. 157 Main Street, ■^S^S' IS2 Sa JIS 53a 33 KST C^ o AH kinds of Watches, Clocks and Jewelry, carefully repaired a«d warranted. Rl GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 363 No. of Tons. Estimated value. Freights and tolls 153,377 17,145,837 43 $220,947 84 4,807 285,000 00 19,252 03 27,932 1,262,248 85 24,752 89 53,421 967,336 00 37,919 45 17,4.50 1,000,000 00 55,989 20 256,987 $10,660,422 28 $358,861 41 Names of Companies. James Elver, and \ Kanawha co. j E., Fredericksburg, \ and Potomac E. E. J Eichmond and Pe- ) tersburg E. E. J KicbmoiidandDan- > villeE E. j Virginia Central E. E. The foreign export trade is chiefly in tobacfo to all parts of Eu- rope, flour and grain occasionally, and in flour to Brazil. The im- port trade direct from Europe, or other countries, is now inconsider- able, having gradually diminished with the increased facilities of New York, by her regular packets and steamers to Europe. The channel of the river is winding, which, with the distance from the ocean, is a considerable impediment to navigation. Vessels draw- ing more than 10 or 11 feet water are prevented from coming up to the city by the bar, 7 miles below it, and such load at City Point, Bermuda Hundred, or Port Walthall. On June 30, 1850, the total tonnage of Richmond district was 8,458 tons. The registered ton- nage was 3,161 tons, of which 1,588 tons were permanent and 1,573 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 5,297 tons, consisting of 4,276 tons permanent, and 1,021 tons temporary, all of which were imployed in the coasting trade. During the year previous, the number of clearances for foreign countries was 69 — 24,321 tons; number of entrances do., 8 — 1,811 tons. Vessels built during the year, 8 (1 ship, 7 schooners) — 1,479 tons. The inspections of tobacco for several years are as follows : Years. Hhds. Years. Ilhds. Years. Ilhds. Years. Ilhds. 1841 18,207 1842 23,129 1843 22,829 1844 19,147 1845 21,902 1846 19,572 1847 19,993 1848 15,733 1849- 18,803 1850 17,986 1851 15,678 1852 24,119 In addition to which, from 10 to 16,000 hogsheads are here re- ceived from other inspections in the interior. The following exhibits the inspections of flour of late years : Years. Bbls. Years. Bbls. Years. Bbls. 184G, 289,000 I 1848, 180,000 | 1850, 330.420 1847, 159,100 I 1849, 276,900 | 1851, — To which should be added 20 to 25 per cent, of inspections at Scottsville and Lynchburg, and brought to the Richmond market. The quantity of flour exported to Brazil for the year ending Sep- 364 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. A. T. GARDE DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF wmmi, taaiMr u % s HOE FINDINGS, &c. CASH PAID FOR HIDE^S AND LEATHER IIV THE ROUGH. DEALER IN EH, CLOCKS, WATCHES JEWELRY, &c. Tio. 178 MAIM STREET, W [Kl [E 1 L I IM © = Particular attention paid to repairing CLOCKS, WATCHES, &c IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN TABLE CUTIERY, BRITAXNIA m SILVER PLATED WARE, Hall and Suspending Parlor Lamps, Lamp Wick, Tea Trays and House Furnishing Goods. PLAIN, PRESSED AND CUT FLINT GLASSWARE, FROM THE MANUFACTORY OF HOBBS, BARNES & Co. INTO. S3 3MCOKrH.OE3 ^ T lEt E3 US "2? , WM. J. ARMSTRONG, 139 Market St., betT^v'een Monroe & Union, RI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 365 tember, 30, 1848, was 74,425 barrels ; 1849, 128,880 bbls. ; 1850, 65,280 bbls. ; 1851, 98,245 bbls. ; 1852, 58,950. A considerable quantity of flour, destined for South America, is sent coastwise for re-shipment from New York, Baltimore, &c. The amount of other foreign shipments of flour in 1851, was 15,646 bbls., and increased in 1852 to 18,122 barrels. The coal trade is considerable, and steadily increasing. The best bituminous coal is mined from 8 to 20 miles above the city, and iron ore abounds in the country beyond. Regular lines of steam packets run to Norfolk, Baltimore and New York. The population has increased within the last ten or fifteen years more rapidly than at any previous period. Of the present popula- tion, about two-fifths are black. Population in 1800, 5,537 ; in 1810, 9,785; in 1820, 12,067; in 1830, 16,060; in 1840, 20,153; in 1850, 27,570 ; in 1854, including suburbs, about 45,000. The exceedingly healthy location of the city gives it a very low annual rate of mortality. The cemeteries are noted for their beauty and their monuments. The site of Richmond was first visited by white men in 1609 ; the town was founded in 1742, and made the capital of the State in 1780. In 1787 it contained about 300 houses. In 1794 the canal around the falls was completed, which has added so much to its commercial advantages. In 1811, December 26th, occurred the fire by which seventy-two persons lost their lives in the destruction of the Richmond Theatre, among whom was the then governor of the State. Directly opposite to Richmond are its suburbs of Manchester and Spring Hill, which are connected with the city by three bridges. Ripley, a village, capital of Jackson county, Virginia, on Mill creek, 350 miles VV. N. W. from Richmond. Population, about 200. Ritchie, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 480 square miles. It is traversed by Hughes river and its North fork. The surface is hilly and broken, and mostly covered with forests. Indian corn, oats, hay, butter and livestock are the staples. In 1850 it produced 101,884 bushels of corn, 24,336 of oats, 2,503 tons of hay and 41,978 pounds of butter. There were two sawmills, 1 grist mill, one wool-carding mill and one tannery. It contained five churches, and 376 pupils attending public schools. The county is traversed by the north-western turnpike, and by the Parkersburg 366 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. G. A. FROBE, ]7IAI^UFACTUKER, No, 103 Market street, WHEELINa. C. ELIAS STIFEL, MANUFACTUEErw OP fiji km iiEiT ijiii fill, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, ALSO IMPORTER OP ^ .^u^^ j^t^t^:h2t:^ ^^t^ j^ ieil E! , AND DEALER IN HOUSE FURHiSWSG HAKeWABE, No. 183 MAIN STREET, w as s s a a sr J' c;- , Offers superior inducements to the trade, and respectfully solicits patronage. MANUFACTUREli OF fimiij ciffi. f iMis, fiKi reus m si WITH WOOD AND IRON AXLES, All orders will be attended to promptly, and the work warranted to be of Superior quality. MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF ESiliEiT ^> D 31E!^ ^C9 33ES. No. S7 MAHMET §TREET, W E IS Hi IL n 3Ff (i . MANCTFACTUEEK OF ALL KIKDS OF mu km CAillT PURNITOi, No. 1G6 MARKET STREET, •s2sy J^rj 5:^ ssa lla 52 3K2r C^- o §J=- Good work, at the lowest prices, is his Motto. RO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 369 ufactory and one tannery. It contained 12 churches, 185 pupils at- tending public schools and 137 attending other schools. The rock which underlies the surface is a fine limestone. The Virginia and Tennessee railroad (unfinished) passes through the county, and a turnpike connects it with the James River canal. Formed in 1838. Capital, Salem. Population, 8,477, — 5,967 free, and 2,510 slaves. Roanoke Bridge, a post village of Charlotte county, Virginia, 89 miles S. W. from Richmond. Robinson's River, a small stream in the N. E. central part of Virginia, rises in Madison county, flows south-eastward, and enters Rapidan river on the boundary between that county and Orange. Rockbridge, a county in the central part of Virginia, has an area of about 780 square miles. It is intersected by North river, which flows into James river, near the Southern extremity of the county, at the foot of the Blue Ridge. The county forms part of the great valley of Virginia, which is bounded on the S. E. by the Blue Ridge. The soil has a basis of fine limestone, and is highly productive. Grain and grass are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 372,705 bushels of Indian corn, 198,553 of wheat, 162,752 of oats and 7,626 tons of hay. There were three grist and saw mills, 13 flouring mills, four iron furnaces, three iron forges and one iron foundry ; 18 churches, 239 pupils attending public schools and 314 attending academies and other schools. The James River canal passes through the Southern part of the county. Formed in 1778, and named from the natural bridge of rock^ a description of which will be found under the head of Virginia. Population, 16,045, of whom 11,848 were free and 4,197 slaves. Rockingham, a county in the N. E. central part of Virginia, has an area of 900 square miles. It is intersected in the S. E. part by the Shenandoah river proper, and also drained by the North fork of that river, and by Dry and North rivers, which rise within its limits. The county occupies part of the Great Valley, which is bounded on the S. E. by the Blue Ridge, and on the N. W. by the North mountain; the soil is generally very fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, cattle and butter are the staples. According to the cen- sus of 1850 this county produced more wheat and more hay than any other county in the State. In 1850 there were raised 608,350 bushels of wheat, 448,585 of corn, 164,976 of oats, 16,067 tons of hay, and 254,834 pounds of butter. It contained 41 flour mills, 22 saw mills, one iron furnace, one iron forge, four wool-carding mills, 47 370 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. DEALER IN TKUNKS, CARPET BAGS, VALISES, &c. No. 123 Main street, between Monroe and Union, E. VARHBY, MANUFACTUPvEE OF COPPER, TIN AND ilT IRON WARE, DEALER IN No. 8 Main street, opposite Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Depot, LUMPP MANUFACTURER OF SADDLES AND HARNESS, TRUNKS, BRIDLES, COLLARS, SADDLE AND CARPET BAGS, &c. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, No. 231 MARKET, NEAR MADISON STREET, a3cvfcrtigcr licit 5lp[fent, ^dftcvn, ©attel^ itnb 3^eifet(ifd)ett u. [. w, 5(10,23 1 s:iiav f ct''® tv., nat;e bcr 5)?ab t f oii ;® t r., gSI^ccHttfi, aSa. A. GRAHAM' S DYEIMG ESTABLISHMEMT, No. 301 MARKET SQUARE, -SJV I3C 3ES 3E3 Ij I ISr O . .^^All. Goods Dyed and Cleaned with neatness and dispatch. RO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 371 and 16 tanneries ; 30 churches, and 1,970 pupils attending public schools. A quarry of marble has been opened near the county seat, and limestone is abundant. The North river furnishes extensive water-power. Organized in 1788. Capital, Harrisonburg. Pop- ulation, 20,294, of whom 17,963 were free and 2,331 slaves. Rocky Mount, a post village, capital of Franklin county, Vir- ginia, about 180 miles West by South from Richmond. It has sev- eral stores and an extensive iron furnace in the vicinity. Popula- tion, about 300. Rocky Point, a thriving village of Monroe county, Virginia, 240 miles West from Richmond. RoGERSviLLE, a post officc of Halifax county, Virginia. RoMNEY, a post-village, capital of Hampshire county, Virginia, on the S. branch of the Potomac, 190 miles N. W. from Richmond, contains one bank. Rose Hill, a post-office of Lee county, Virginia, near 400 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Rough Creek, a post-village of Charlotte county, Virginia, 105 miles S. W. from Richmond. RowLESBURG, a village and station of Preston county, Virginia, is finely situated on the Cheat river, where it is crossed by the Bal- timore and Ohio Railroad, 126 miles from Wheelin ^ Corner of Main and Washington streetsj SC GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 373 Sago, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. Salem, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 114 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. The situation is high and pleasant. The village contains one church, an academy and several stores. The post-office is called Salem Fauquier. Salem, a neat post-village, capital of Roanoke county, Virginia, is situated on the Roanoke river, and on the Virginia and Tennessee railroad, 180 miles W. from Richmond. It stands in the great val- ley between the Blue Ridge and North mountain. It contains one bank, three churches and several mills. Salt Sulphur Springs, a village of Monroe county, Virginia, 230 miles W. from Richmond, and 25 miles S. W. from the White Sulphur Springs. It is surrounded by beautiful mountain scenery, and is frequented by a large number of invalids and others. The water contains various salts of soda, magnesia and lime. Saltville, a post-village of Washington county, Virginia, on the N. fork of the Holston river, about 20 miles N. E. from Abing- don. It has two extensive salt-works. Sandy Bottom, a post-office of Middlesex county, Virginia. Sandy Creek, in the S. part of Virginia, enters Banister river from the right hand, near Meadsville, in Halifax county. Sangster's Station, a post-office of Fairfax county, Virginia. Scott, a county situated in the S. W. part of Virginia, and bor- dering on Tennessee, containing 620 square miles. Is is drained by Clinch river and by the N. fork of Holston river. The surface is traversed by several parallel mountain ridges, one of which is called the Clinch mountain. The soil is mostly fertile and adapted to grazing. Wheat, Indian corn, and other kinds of grain also flourish. In 1850 this county produced 319,240 bushels of corn ; 15,722 of wheat; 106,342 of oats, and 74,086 pounds of butter. There were 20 flour and grist mills, 7 wool-carding mills, and 2 tanneries. It contained 20 churches, and 1,000 pupils attend- ing public schools. Bituminous coal and iron ore are abundant. About three miles from Clinch river is one of the most remarkable natural objects of the State, known as the " Natural Tunnel." An affluent of the Clinch river, after flowing through a deep ravine in- closed by stupendous walls of stratified rocks, is confronted by a transverse ridge, about 300 feet in height, which has been perfor- ated at its base by an arched tunnel to admit the passage of the stream. The spectator, standing by the margin of the stream, sees 374 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. "W. & J. STEWART, MANUFACTURERS OP ALL KINDS OP STOra, GRITES, PLOl!CII IRONS, CASTINGS, &o. North East Corner of Market Square, (Bridge Corner,) W HI 11^ a^ SJ^ STEWARTS & CALDWEI.L, MANUFACTUREItS OP (GOFFEM, rai (i mmm: mm waim, UPPER END MARKET SQUARE, W[H] [EllLO [Nl@, H N H. MANUFACTURER OF SADDLES, n\MESS, BRIDIES BERGER ^ HOFFMANN, MANUFACTURERS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF AND DEALERS IN TAMHERS' Oil., W©©B, acc- Store Rooni, No. 170, corner Market Alley and Main street, Jg?* Shoe Findings of all kinds ou hand, and sold on moderate terms. S. F. BLACK, Office Hours, Wheeling, Va., . . . . 7 A. M. to 3 P. M. " " Martinsville, Belmont county, Ohio, 3 to 7 P. M. SII GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 375 before him an enormous arch, rising 70 or 80 feet, surmounted by strata of limestone which measure more than 100 feet in a vertical direction, while the view on either side is bounded by gigantic ramparts of perpendicular rock. The county was formed in 1814, and named in honor of General Winfield Scott. Population, 9,829 ; of whom 9,356 were free, and 473 slaves. Second Creek, a post-office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. ScoTTSBURG, a Small post village of Halifax county, Virginia, 119 miles S. W. from Richmond. ScoTTSviLLE, a thriving post village of Albemarle county, Vir- ginia, is situated on the left bank of James river, 79 miles W. from Richmond. The navigation of the James river canal renders it a place of active and extensive trade, and an important depot for produce. The village, which is built chiefly of brick, contains 3 churches. Population in 1853, about 1200. ScoTTSviLLE, a post village, capital of Powhatan county, Vir- ginia, 32 miles W. from Richmond. Seven Islands, a post-office of Fluvanna county, Virginia. Sevenmile Ford, a post-office of Smyth county, Virginia. Seville, a post-office of Madison county, Virginia. Sewell Mountain, a post-office of Fayette county, Virginia. Shackelford's, a post-office of King and Queen county, Vir- ginia, 67 miles E. from Richmond. Shady Spring, a post-office of Raleigh county, Virginia. Shakelford's, a post-office of King and Queen county, Virginia. Shannondale Spring, Jefferson county, Virginia, on the Shen- andoah river, 5 miles from Charlestown, and 160 miles N. from Richmond. This beautiful and fashionable watering-place is more easily accessible from the Atlantic cities than any in Virginia. The water is impregnated with the salts of lime, magnesia and soda. Shannon Hill, a small post-village of Goochland county, Vir- ginia, 25 miles W. from Richmond. Sharon, a post-village in Wythe county, Virginia, 245 miles W. by S. from Richmond. Sharon viLLE, a post-office of King William cotmty, Virginia. Shawsville, a post-office of Montgomery county, Virginia. Sheetz's Mills, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. Shenandoah River, of Virginia, the largest affluent of the Po- tomac, is usually described as formed by the North and South forks which unite near Front Royal in Warren county. The South fork, 376 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. BIIIBV, WOODWARD & CO. MANUPACTCREKS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF Cut Hails, Spikes, 8&o, wmmmmEmmm MANUFACTURER OF Hoyle's Improved Ealston's Patent THRASHING & GLEANING MACHINES, S :E3 £3 Z> X> JEI.'XJLmIj & Adapted to Wheat, Oats, Barley, &c. MICHIGAN DOUBLE PLOUGH, Either Cast or Steel, Power or Hand CJ TJ T T I 3Xr C31- JS O :S^:ESSiy Mimn PATEST iDEPEJiDENT DOBSE MKES. &o. Jin of which are ivarranted. All orders addressed to B. HOYLE, Martain's Ferry, Belmont County, <3X3:XO ^ WILL MEET WITH PROMPT ATTENTION. R. H. HUBBELL, AGRICULTURAL, HORTICULTURAL, AE MECHANICAL llWilllli & COimii HBICHIIIIT, AND AGENT FOR THE SALE OF ALL IMPLEMENTS^ TOOLS OR MANUFACTURES, GREEN HOUSE PLANTS, CRAPE PLANTS, WOOD & WILLOW WARE, ALSO AGENT FOR CORN & COB CRUSHERS, KETCHUM'S MOWER, WARDROP & GO'S DRAINING TILE NEW YORK REAPER, Super Pliospliate of liime. Improved Plouglis, Corn Shelters, Stra^v Cutters, Cliuriis, Harrows, Ox Yokes, &c. qO RNER MAIN AND QUINCT STREETS, SH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 377 or Shenandoah proper, rises in Augusta and Rockingham counties, by three branches, called North, Middle and South rivers, which unite at Port Republic in the county last named. It pursues a north- easterly course, nearly parallel with the Blue Ridge, which is only a few miles distant, and falls into the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, just above its passage through the mountain. The distance by the wind- ings of the river, from its mouth to Port Republic, is estimated at 170 miles. This river flows through the great valley of Virginia, an excellent tract for the growth of grain. It affords an ample sup- ply of water-power at numerous points, and also extensive facilities for navigation. Small boats called gondolas ascend the main stream about 100 miles above Front Royal. Shenandoah, a county in the N. E. central part of Virginia, forming part of the great limestone valley which extends along the W. base of the Blue Ridge. The area is about 500 square miles. It is drained by the N. fork of the Shenandoah river, from which the name is derived. The surface is diversified by valleys and ridges. The soil is generally productive. Wheat, corn, oats, hay, butter and live stock are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 196,- 338 bushels of wheat ; 167,025 of Indian corn ; 34,963 of oats • 4,641 tons of hay, and 79,196 pounds of butter. There were 19 flour mills, 3 saw mills, 1 wool-carding mill and 8 tanneries. It contained 10 churches, and 130 pupils attending public schools. The rocks which underlie the county are blue limestone, slate and sandstone. Iron ore is abundant, and affords an article of export ; lead and copper also are found. There were in 1852, 4 iron furna- ces and 4 forges in operation. A railroad extends from Strasburg in this county to Alexandria. Capital, Woodstock. Population, 13,768, of whom 12,857 were free and 911 slaves. Shenandoah Iron "Works, a post-oflice of Page county, Va. Shepherd's Grove, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. Shepherdstown, a post-town of Jefferson county, Virginia, on the Potomac river, near the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, 12 miles above Harper's Ferry. It is a place of considerable trade. A small stream which passes through the town affords motive-power for several flouring mills. Shepherdstown has 4 churches and 3 news- paper offices. Population estimated at 1,600. Shiloh, a post-office of King George county, Virginia. Shinnston, or Shinnstown, a post-village in Harrison county, Virginia, 225 miles N. W. from Richmond. 48 378 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Clt H. MV. PHILLIFS, a mm if™' MANUFACTURER OP Steam Engines & General Machinist, NORTH WHEELING, -A.:]BO-^S7-^3 -^KTSTuaLTESH. TT^TOH-^E^S. Mill EIngines, Steamboat E^iigines, Furnace Eugiiies, Rolling Slill Castings, Grist and Saw Mill Work, TUresliing MacUine Castings, Engine Boilers, Car wlieels and R. Road Axles complete. And all kinds of Machinery and Castings made to order on the most reasonable terms. ^cjt^er cincr in (Sub^2BI)e cling, ^a. MANUFACTURER OF SADDLES, bla: OF ALL KINDS AND QUALITIES, Old Staiicl^ N©. 109 Mil W [Ml 1 IE L [^^ © . IWCAETUF AOTURER OP ALL HIITDS OP ^ ^ S??? © ^^ ^ (S ^ m tyf S) && ^S fe 0*^ No. 98 MARKET STREET, 9 SECOND DOOR NORTH OF THE POST OFFICE SM GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 379 Shirley, a post-office of Tyler county, Virginia. Shrewsbury, a post-office of Kanawha county, Virginia. Simpson's, a post-office of Floyd county, Virginia, 211 miles W. from Richmond. Simpson's Creek, a post-office of Taylor county, Virginia. Sinclair's Bottom, a post-office of Smyth county, Virginia. Sinking Creek, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. Sir John's Run, a post-office of Morgan county, Virginia. Sissonville, a post-village in Kanawha county, Virginia, 333 miles W. from Richmond. SiSTERViLLE, a thriving post-village of Tyler county, Virginia, is pleasantly situated on the Ohio river, about 35 miles below Wheel- ing and 9 miles W. from Middlebourn, the county seat. It has a good landing for steamboats, and it is the terminus of several turn- pike-roads extending toward the interior. These advantages, to- gether with the navigation of the Ohio, render this a place of active trade, which is rapidly increasing. Coal and iron ore are found in the vicinity. Population in 1853, 1,000 Skinquarter, a post office of Chesterfield county, Virginia. Slash Cottage, a small post village of Hanover county, Vir- ginia, on the railroad from Richmond to Fredericksburg, about 20 miles North from the former. The railroad company have machine shops here. The great orator, Henry Clay, was born near this place, in the " Slashes of Hanover." Slate Mills, a post-office of Rappahannock county, Virginia. Slate River, a small stream rising in Buckingham county, Va., and flowing north-eastward, enters the James river on the N. E. border of that county. It is navigable for boats to Maysville, 27 miles from its mouth. Sleepy Creek Bridge, a post office of Morgan county, Virginia. Smithfield, a handsome post village, capital of Isle of Wight county, Virginia, is finely situated on a navigable creek which opens into the James river a few miles from its mouth, 80 miles S. E. from Richmond. It contains three churches and several high schools. Population from 900 to 1,000. Smithfield, a small village of Monongalia county, Virginia, 10 miles N. W. from Morgantown. Smith's Creek, a post office of Washington county, Virginia. Smith's Cross Roads, a post office of jNIorgan county, Va. Smith's Gap, a post office of Hampshire county, Virginia. 380 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. FINE LIGHT, PLEASANT LOCATION. PARIS' OAGUERREIAN GALLERY. WE STUDY TO ..^^^t^ SATISFACTION M Mj " The good is always beaiitifbl, The beautiful is good." IVARRANTED. NEAR THE ifsp^ ^-^-W^ SUSPENSION BRIDGE, gfefipWheeliiig. Citizens and Strangers tis- iting this Gallery can have their portraits or miniatures, BAUTIFULLT CASED in Mo- rocco, Velvet, Papier Mache, and other styles, or set in Medallions or Pins, Rings or Seals. FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE. (( THIES n C; .A. IE* X T -A. Xj S, 000,000, BRANCH OFFICE AT WHEELING, No. 99 MAIN STREET, Where Fire and Marine Insurances are effected, and all claims for losses promiJtl}^ adjusted by N. C. ARTHUR, Agent. MAHTLESCRlRDSTOHESicCONSTAHTUYpN >HAMD*FINISHEDToORDEftii,soPLASTERP|^RIS^ NteerMARKET SI W HEEX|lN€'|RW J. W. HEISKELL, IDIS¥{B©(D)Pi Market Street, 'WheeltiiK. STEEN »V BRO. C?XjOT IX X 3>J O, 44 Water Street, Wlieeliiig. W. KELREY, 193 MarJiet Street, ■VVliecling. W. M. H. GREEAM, SALESMAN at SEAMAN'S STORE, ^\' H 15 i: LIN Cr . R. J. CAMPBELL,, SALESliN at ELLICOTT'S STORE, ^i? 51 :2i 2{ 3t a ^? (^ ^ JAMES ^V. AlHEAT, MEDICAL STUDENT, WHEELIN G. LEWIS BURGUER, 3Ialii Street, Wliecliug. so GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 381 Smith's River, a small stream which rises in Patrick county, in the South part of Virginia, and flowing south-eastward into North Carolina, falls into the Dan river near Leakesville. Smithsville, a post village in Powhatan county, Virginia, 39 miles West from Richmond. Smoky Ordinary, a post office of Brunswick county, Virginia. Smyth, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 625 square miles. The three branches of Holston river, named the North, Middle and South forks, rise near the N. E. border of the county, and flow through it in a S. W. direction. The Iron Moun- tain range forms the Southern boundary^ and Walker's mountain extends along the N. W. border ; the surface between these is an elevated valley. The river bottoms are very fertile. Indian corn, hay, oats and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 301,222 bushels of corn, 34,742 of wheat, 139,580 of oats and 100,- 410 pounds of butter. There were seven saw mills, three iron fur- naces, one iron foundry, one salt furnace and two tanneries. It contained 12 churches and 600 pupils attending public schools. Limestone and gypsum are abundant in the county; and the latter is used to fertilize the land. Extensive manufactories of salt are in operation on the S. W. border. Smyth county is intersected by the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, not yet finished. Named in honor of General Alexander Smyth, member of Congress from Virginia. Capital, Marion. Population, 8,162, of whom 7,098 were free and 1,064 slaves. Snickersville, a thriving post village of Loudoun county, Vir- ginia, on the turnpike from Winchester to Washington, 165 miles North by West from Richmond. Snow Creek, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia. Snow Hill, a post office of Nicholas county, Viro-inia. SoMERTON, a small post village of Nansemond county, Virginia, about 100 miles S. E. from Richmond. SoMERviLLE, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 85 miles North by West from Richmond. Southampton, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, border- ing on North Carolina, has an area of about 600 square miles. It is intersected by the Nottaway river, bounded on the S. W. by the Meherrin, and on the East by the Blackwater river. The surface is nearly level, and extensively covered with forests of pine and cy- press. The soil is alluvial, light and moderately fertile. Indian 382 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. T. SWEENEY & SON, MANUFACTUKEES OF EVERT VAEIETY OF IILMf ijLliiWi A IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN CIimA, QUEEi\SWARE, LAMPS, GIRAKDOLES, «C? <£^^ Z^i Oa i:^ C£3 X^ '=££» Sia I^ 02. '^2' n ci^ © wu i 23. LU [N] ( t; ir o o tJ, G. W. ECKHARDT, MANUFACTURER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN tyj -^ ^ ^ ^sa m *!^ e2) 9 SMITH'S BELLOWS 'liiil'lIM 'y''i.lllll '''uUl'iiiib 'V..„:J ''^ki 'uniiuil ''«ll ''''ila 'UiiH '''iillilWl ''Ql 'ffil (ii|| Market street, North of Market Square, ^^ IK} d [E H. a !E3 IS o 03^ He warrants his Bellows to be of superior quality. All orders promptly attended to. T^o. lOS 2^®:o.3rl^o1: Sci.i:i.^;i^o, 3 J. ROBINSON, Proprietor. Stage Passengers, Horses, Drivers, Wagoners, &c., will find the accommodations at this House equal to any in this city. The Stabling is large and commodious. Charges very low. n a m .TinTm No. 20^ MARKET STREET, "^TSr 13: E5 E3 Hi X I^ <3- - JACOB i1iERKt.E» Proprietor. SP GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 383 corn, potatoes, hay, cotton and pork are the staples. Tar and tur- pentine are also exported. In 1850 the county produced 869 bales of cotton, 564,183 bushels of corn, 235,337 of sweet potatoes, and 3,321 tons of hay. The quantities of cotton and potatoes were the greatest produced in any one county of the State. There were two grist mills, two manufactories of coaches and one of saddles. It contained 23 churches, 2SS pupils attending public schools and 68 attending academies or other schools. It is intersected by the Ports- mouth and Roanoke railroad. Organized in 1748, and named from a town of England. Capital, Jerusalem. Population, 13,521, of whom 7,766 were free and 5,755 slaves. South Anna, a small river in the eastern part of Virginia, rises near the north-western extremity of Louisa county, and flowing easterly unites with the North Anna, forming the Pamunky river. The whole length is probably 75 miles. It affords abundant water- power. South Hill, a post ofhce of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. South Quay, a post office of Nansemond county, Virginia. South River, of Virginia, a small branch of the Shenandoah, rises in Augusta county, flows in a north-easterly course, and unites with the other main branch at Port Republic, in Rockingham county. Sparta, a post office of Caroline county, Virginia. Spartapolis, a post village in Rockingham county, Virginia, 142 miles N. W. from Richmond. Speedwell, a post office of Wythe county, Virginia. Sperryville, a small post village of Rappahannock county, Vir- ginia, about 120 miles N. W. from Richmond. A turnpike extends from this village to the Rappahannock river. Spottedville, a post village of Stafford county, Virginia, 69 miles N. from Richmond. Spottsylvania, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area of 400 square miles. The Rappahannock forms the boundary on the N. E., the North Anna river on the S. W., and the Mattapony rises within its limits. The surface is pleasantly diversified by hill and dale. The soil is generally fertile in the vicinity of the streams. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and pork are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 265,753 bushels of corn ; 102,953 of wheat; 47,347 of oats; 1,279 tons of hay, and 52,056 pounds of butter. It contained 2 Hour mills and 2 tanneries, 20 churches, 6 newspaper offices, 300 pupils attending public schools and 461 384 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS GODEY'B LADY'S BOOK, » ^♦^i » Twenty-flfth year of Publication by the same Publisher. » »»» » THE ONLY LADT'8 BOOK ACKNOWLEDGED BT THE LADIES OF TUIS COUNTRY AS 'ffORTUY OF ITS NAME. PEINCIPAL POINTS OF ATTRACTION FOR 1855 & 56. It contains 100 pages of reading in every monili's number— not beginning witli a large naniDer of pages in January, and decreasing throughourtlie year. LINE OR MEZZOTINT IN EVERY NUMBER, §tikM |vcli;ible Stttl Jasljioit ^Iitfcs— Colarcir. In every Number— the only Fashion Plates that are considered as authority. KNITTING, NETTING & EMBROIDERING PRINTED IN COLORS. iyEXJSXC2?™Two Pages Monthly. EASY LESSONS IN DRAWING ARE GIVEN MONTHLY. CODEY'S INVALUABLE RECEIPTS, Worth alone THEEE DOLLAES a year— for Cooking, the Toilet, Sick room, Nursery and Miscella- neous Housekeeping Keceipts. WITH FULL DIRECTIONS FOB LADIF.S TO CUT THEIR OWN DRESSES. PATTERNS FOR CHILDREN'S DRESSES. BOTH MALE AND FEMALE. Embroidery and Broiderie Anglaise Patterns, every month, in great variety. THE NUESEKY. — This Department is invaluable to every Mother. MODEL COTTAGES— Great attention paid to this Department. A TEEATISE ON THE HAIE. — A most excelleui article for the preservation and beautifying of this most valuable ornament to both sexes. Undoubted Receipts, Model Cottages, Model Cottage Furniture, Patterns for "Window Curtains, Mu- sic. Crotchet Work, Knitting, Netting, Patch work, Crotchet Flower Work, Hair Braiding, Kiblson ^tiding ■ , ^ _ . . . . in season— in fine, every thing that can interest a Lady, will find its appropriate place in her own Book EEMEMBEK that the Lndy's Book has always given Steel Engravings, and througliout the year, not publishing them in the January and February numbers and then omitting them, in the Lady's Book alone you receive what no other three Magazines can furnish you with. This is another series of Articles peculiar to this Magazine. Every one of these articles is illustra- ted with at least eight or ten of the finest wood engravings. This department is very interesting, conveying information in an agreeable form, suitable for Ladies and Gentlemen, that cannot be ob- tained elsewhere. The expense of one number of the Lady's Book, including Steel engravings and literary matter, paid for, not taken from English Magazines, far exceeds that of any other Magazine in this country. We make no exception, and are willing to have the fact tested. T 13 It 3VE S: One Copy, one year, $ 3 Two Copies, one year, or One Copy two years, . . , o Five Copies, one year, and extra Copy to the person sending the Club, . . .10 Eight Copies one "year, do. do. do. do. . . . 15 Eleven Copies, one year, do. do. do. do. ... 20 r^" Godey's Lady's Book and Arthur's Home Magazine will both be sent one year for $3 50. To insure what you order being certainly sent, address No. 113 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. |I5= Specimens sent if desired. ST GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 385 attending academies and other schools. Two gold mines were worked in this county in 1850 ; granite and freestone are abundant. A canal about 45 miles long has been opened along the Rappahan- nock, above the falls, and the county is intersected by the Richmond and Potomac railroad. The Rappahannock affords valuable water- power at Fredericksburg. Organized in 1720, and named in honor of Alexander Spottswood, at that time governor of Virginia. Capi- tal, Spottsylvania Court House. Population, 14,911, of whom 7,430 were free and 7,481 slaves. Spottsylvania Court House, a post village, capital of Spott- sylvania county, Virginia, on the Po river, 65 miles N. from Rich- mond. Spout Spring, a post office of Appomattox county, Virginia. Springfield, a post village of Hampshire county, Virginia. 197 miles N. W. from Richmond. Springfield, a village of Monroe county, Virginia, on Indian creek, about 245 miles W. from Richmond. Spring Garden, a post village in Pittsylvania county, Virginia, 135 miles S. W. by W. from Richmond. Springvale, a post office of Fairfax county, Virginia. Springville, a post office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Spruce Hill, a post office of Highland county, Virginia. Stafford, a county in the East part of Virginia, bordering on the Potomac river, which separates it from Maryland, has an area of 250 square miles. It is bounded on the south-west by the Rappa- hannock river, and also drained by the Aquia, Potomac and Acco- keek creeks. The surface is hilly ; the soil near the Potomac river is a light loam, moderately fertile ; other parts are sandy and poor. Indian corn, wheat, oats, tobacco and hay are the staples. In 1850 it produced 178,651 bushels of corn, 58,923 of wheat, 38,750 of oats and 2,018 tons of hay. There were two flour mills, three grist mills, two saw mills and two cotton factories. It contained 12 churches, and 245 pupils attending public schools. Quarries of granite and freestone, suitable for building, have been opened, and gold has been found in small quantities. The Rappahannock af- fords excellent water-power at Falmouth. The county is intersected by the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad. Organ- ized in 1675, and named from Stafford, a county of England. Capital, Stafford Court House. Population, 8,044, of whom 4,733 were free, and 3,311 slaves. 49 386 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. CELEBRATED FAULT MEDICINES. Are free from Mercury, and can he taken without regard to Exj)osure. They are recommended by Physicians at home and abroad, and thousands have been cured and benefited by using them. Expeclorant, or Cough Syrup, for Coughs, Colds, Consumption, Asthma, Bronchitis, and all Lung Diseases. It cures Consumption when taken in time, [In 50 cents and $1 bottles. Mterative, or Blood Purifier, for Scrofula, Old Eruptions, and all Diseases arising from an impure state of the Blood, or a constitution impaired by the use of Mercury, Price $1 Carminative Balsam, for Cholera, Cholera Morbus, Bowel Complaints, and Dys- entery, . . , 25 cents. Vermifuge, or Tform-JTiHer, a safe, sure, and reliable expeller of Worms, . 75 cts. Alterative, or Family Pills, for Liver Complaints, Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Sour Stom- ach, and Costiveness, 25 cts. Golden Pills, for falling of the Womb, Female Weakness, Debility and Relax- ation, 50 cts. Female Pills, a valuable remedy for Female Complaints, superior to Hooper's Pills, 25 cts. Railroad, or Anti-Bilious Pills, so called because they go ahead of all other pills, for the Liver and bilious habits, 12g and 25 cts. Rheximatic Compound, an Internal Remedy for Rheumatism, either Acute or Chronic, 50 cts. Dyspeptic Compound, a sure cure for Dyspepsia and Liver, . . . 50 cts. Magic Liniment, for Rheumatism, Sprains, Tooth ache, and all pains of the body and Spinal and Liver Affections, 25 cts. Tonic Mixture, for Chills, Fevers, and general Debility. A never failing rem- edy, 50 cts. Compound Extract of Buchu, for all Diseases of the Kidneys and Bladder, and for Dropsy, , 50 cts. Croup Syrup. This remedy is never known to fail, and has saved thousands of children, • 25 cts. Hair Tonic, to prevent Baldness, and make the hair soft and lustrous. Highly re- commended by the late Dr. Physick, 25 and 50 cts. Astringent Compound, for Spitting Blood, Flooding, and all Bloody Discharges, 50 cts. J^ervous Cordial. For all Nervous conditions of the System, Neuralgia, Heart Dis- ease, Palpitation, &c., . • . 50 cts. Pile Ointment. 50 cents. Eye and Tetter Ointments, . ... 25 cts. Eye Water and Strengthening Plasters. Superior to all others, ... 25 cts. Wlioophig- Cough Syrup. This preparation always gives relief and effects a cure, 50 cts. Female Specific. A remedy for Painful Menstruation, Leucorrhoea or Whites, $1 Elixir of Opium. Superior to all other forms of Opium, .... 25 cts. Pain-Curer. Cures all pain, external or internal ; cures Chilblains, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Tooth-ache, Ear-ache, Stiff Neck, Soar Throat, Pains in the Bowels and Stomach, Sudden Colds, &c. 12i, 25 and 50 cts. Infant Cordial. Free from Opium, and producing easy sleep, . . .25 cts. Acoustic Oil, for Deafness and Inflammation in the Ears 50 cts, Sarsaparilla Compound, for all Skin Diseases, and Purifying the blood, 50 cts. and $1 Sold by Driigg;ists and all others in all cities and towns in Tirginia and other States. ST GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 387 Stafford Court House, a small post- village, capital of Stafford county Virginia, 76 miles North from Ricliiuond. Stanardsville, a post village, capital of Greene county, Vir- ginia, 92 miles N. W. from Richmond, and five miles S. E. from the Blue Ridge. The village has been much improved within a few years. It became the county seat in 1838. Staunton, a river in the South part of Virginia, rises in Mont- gomery county, among the Alleghany mountains ; flowing eastward and south-eastward, it passes through the Blue Ridge, falling nearly 1,000 feet in a distance of 20 miles. After a very rapid and tortu- ous course of about 200 miles, it unites with Dan river at Clarkes- ville, Mecklenburg county, constituting the Roanoke. The latter name is also applied by highly respectable writers to the whole stream just described. See Roanoke River. Staunton, a flourishing town, capital of Augusta county, Vir- ginia, is situated on a small branch of Shenandoah river, near its source, and on the Central railroad of Virginia, 120 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. The Central railroad, which is completed from Richmond to Staunton, and will be extended to the Ohio river, and bring large accessions to the trade and population of this place. Staunton is the seat of the Western Lunatic Asylum, and of the Virginia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind. The blind are in the same building with the deaf and dumb, but under a sepa- rate instructor. It contains five or six churches, two academies, 3 female seminaries and 2 banks. Four newspapers are published here. The surrounding country is highly productive, and beauti- fully diversified, forming part of the great valley of Virginia. In the limestone formation of this region extensive caverns occur, among which the most celebrated is Weyer's cave, about 18 miles N. E. from Staunton. Population, about 5,000. Steel's Tavern, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia, 138 miles W. N. W. from Richmond, Steer Creek, a post office of Gilmer county, Virginia. Stephenson's Depot, a post office of Frederick county, Va. Stevensburg, a post office of Culpepper county, Virginia, on the road from Fairfax to Fredericksburg, about 95 miles N. W. from Richmond, contains one or two churches," a hotel and several stores. Stevensville, a post village of King and Queen county, Vir- ginia, 31 miles N. E. from Richmond. 388 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. SKT . TILLER, DRUGGISTS, TOBACCONISTS, CSiFESTJOMEBS' ABTiSLES, HARDWARE, PERFUMERY, CHINA & GLASSWARE, No. 1 Commerce street, between 4th and Etli streets, Philadelphia. Toys and Dolls, Fancy Baskets, Alabaster Articles, French Fans, Toilet Bottles, Teeth Brushes, China Ornaments, Bonbon Papers, Secrets' Papers, Fancy Boxes, Tobacco Boxes, Segar Cases, German Pipes, Tin Foil, Fancy and Gilt Paper, Morocco Paper, German Slates, Lead and Slate Pencils, Mar- bles, Percussion Caps. CASES OF TOTS WELL ASSORTED AT $5, $10, and $-20. "W. TILLER, Importer, No. 1 Commerce street. B, A, FAHNESTOCK & CO. WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS, AND IMPORTERS OF ENOLISH, FRENCH & GERMAN DRUGS, MANUFACTURERS AND PROPRIETORS OF B. A. Pahnestock's Vennifsige, No. 209 MARKET STREET, ABOVE FIFTH, NORTH SIDE, F»3E3:IXj.A.333BXjF*TJ:IwA., CHAS. WURTS. HENRY AUSTIE. HAMILTON T. McVEIGH. WURTS, AUSTIE & McVEIffH, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN FOREiaN ^ND DOINIESTIC No. 129 MARKET STREET, ;r-?r-CoL B. F. KELLEY, of "Wheeling, would be pleased to see his frieuds at this Establishment. SU GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 389 Stewart's Draft, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia. Stewartstown, a small post village of Monongalia county, Va. Stillwell, a post office of Wood county, Virginia. Stock Creek, a post office of Scott county, Virginia. Stoner's Store, a post office of Roanoke county, Virginia. Stonewell Mills, a post village of Appomattox county, Vir- ginia, on James river, 108 miles West by South from Richmond. Stony Creek, a post office of Scott county, Virginia. Stony Fork, a post office of Amherst county, Virginia. Stony Hill, a small village of Madison county, Virginia, on the Blue Ridge turnpike. Stony Mount, a post office of Brunswick county, Virginia. Stony Point Mills, a post village of Cumberland county, Vir- ginia, 61 miles W. S. W. from Richmond, contains a flouring mill. Strasburg, a thriving post village of Shenandoah county, Vir- ginia, on the North fork of the Shenandoah river, and on the Ma- nassas Gap railroad, 18 miles S. W. from Winchester. It has three churches. Population, about 650. Stroud's Glades, a post office of Nicholas county, Virginia. Sturgeon ville, a post village of Brunswick county, Virginia, about 60 miles S. S. W. from Richmond. Sublett's Tavern, a post office of Powhatan county, Virginia. Sugar Grove, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. Sugar Run, a post office of Wetzel county, Virginia. Sugar Tree, a post office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. Summers, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. Summerville, a post village, capital of Nicholas county, Vir- ginia, 286 miles West by North from Richmond. Summit Point, a post office of Jeffi^rson county, Virginia. Sunrise, a post office of Bath county, Virginia. Surry, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 340 square miles. James river forms the boundary on the N. E., and Blackwater river on the S. W. The surface is moderately uneven ; the soil is generally sandy. Indian corn is the staple product. In 1850 there w^ere raised 204,975 bushels of corn. There were 5 saw mills and 11 churches. Formed in 16 52, and named from Surry, a county in England. Capital, Surry Court House. Popu- lation, 5,679, of whom 3,200 were free, and 2,479 slaves. Surry Court House, a small post village, capital of Surry Co., Va., 5 miles from James river, and 60 miles S. E. from Richmond. 390 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. Late Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in the Philadelphia College of Medicine, And Acting Professor of Midwifery; one of the Consulting Physicians of the Phila- delphia Hospital, Blockley ; late member of the National Medical Associations; member of the Philadelphia Medical Society ; member of the Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia ; formerly President and Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Castleton Medical College, Vermont; and also late Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Berkshire Medical Institution, Pitlsfield, Mass., &c. Has lately introduced in a popular form several of his favorite prescriptions for the principal diseases of this climate. We give below a list of the remedies; the name of each article will imply the disease for which it is intended to be used DR. McCLlNTOCK'S PECTORAL SYRUP. Price #L DR. McCLIlSTOCK'S COLD and COUGH MIXTURE— for Colds, Coughs, &c. Price 25 cts. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S ASTHMA AND HOOPING COUGH REMEDY. Price ^0 ct^ DR. Mc^CLINTOCK'S TONIC ALTERATIVE SYRUP.— For Purifying the Blood. Price $1. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S DYSPEPTIC ELIXIR. For giving tone to the stomach, relieving pains after eating, heart-burn, and all disagreeable symptoms arising from indigestion. Price $1. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S RHEUMATIC MIXTURE-A Purely Vegetable Reme- dy for internal use. Price 50 cents. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S RHEUMATIC LINIMENT-For Rheumatism, Sprains, Swellings, &c. &c. Price 50 cents. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S ANODYNE MIXTURE— For Pains, Toothache, Head- ache, Neuralgia, &c., &c. Price 50 cents. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S FEVER and AGUE SPECIFIC— A certain cure for all Intermitlents. Price %\. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S DIARRHCEA CORDIAL and CHOLERA PREVEN- TIVE—A safe Remedy. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S VEGETABLE PURGATIVE PILLS— For Costiveness, Headache, &.c. Price 25 cents. DR. McCLlNTOCK'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS— For Irregularity in the Func- tions of the Liver and Bowels— the best Liver Pill made. Price 25 cents a box. For sale by JAMES McCLINTOCK, at his Medical Depot, N. W. corner NINTH and FILBERT streets, Philadelphia, and at all Druggists and Dealers in Medicines. All Druggists and Dealers in Medicines who wish to be agents, will please address Dr. McCLINTOCK, furnishing reference, name of Post-Office, county and State. The Doctor may be consulted daily from 10 to 13 A. M. at his Depot. TA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 391 Sussex, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 400 square miles. It is intersected by the Nottaway river, and bounded on the N. E. by Blackwater river. The surface is moder- ately uneven ; the soil produces cotton, Indian corn, and forests of pine. In 1850 there were raised 356,171 bushels of corn, 35,133 of wheat, and 780 bales of cotton. There were 20 flour, grist and saw mills, two coach manufactories and one tannery. It contained 24 churches, and 249 pupils attending academies and other schools. The railroad from Petersburg to Weldon passes through the county. Formed from Surry in 1754. Capital, Sussex Court House. Pop- ulation, 9,820, of whom 3,828 were free, and 5,992, slaves. Sussex Court House, a post village, capital of Sussex county, Virginia, 50 miles South by East from Eichmond. Sutton, or Braxton Court House, a small post village, capital of Braxton county, Virginia, on the Elk river, 289 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. SwANsoNViLLE, a post officc of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. Sweedlinhill, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. Sweet Springs, a post village of Monroe county, Virginia, is pleasantly situated near the foot of the Alleghany mountain, 204 miles West from Richmond. This is one of the oldest and most fashionable watering-places of the State. SwiNEYARD, a post officc of Charles City county, Virginia. Sydnorsville, a post village in Franklin county, Virginia, 160 miles S. W. by West from Richmond. Tackett's Mills, a post office of Stafford county, Virginia. Tangier's Islands, of Virginia, in Chesapeake bay, nearly op- posite the mouth of the Potomac river. Tanner's Store, a post office of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. Tappahannock, a port of entry and capital of Essex county, Virginia, on the right bank of the Rappahannock river, 50 miles N. E. from Richmond. It contains a custom house, one church, two flourishing seminaries, and 5 stores. The shipping of this port June 30, 1852, amounted to an aggregate of 5,621 tons, of which 5,039 were employed in the coasting trade. Population, about 350. Taylor, a county in the N. N. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 130 square miles. It is intersected by the Tygart's Valley river, a branch of the Monongahela, and also drained by Sandy and Elk creeks. The surface is hilly The soil in some parts fertile. In- dian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and live stock are the staples. 392 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. STANDARD FAMILY MEDICINES, PREPARED UNDER THE IMMEDIATE CARE OF AT HIS LABORATORY, No. 4 NORTH SEVENTH STREET, ABOVE MARKET, DR. mwm COMPOLXD SYRLP OF WILD CHERRY. Read the following Certificate of Thomas Dixon andlhe Testimony of Rev. J. R. Durhorroxo. Point of Kocks, Frederick county, Md., June 9th, 1S52. De. Swatne : Dear Sir, — Believing it a duty I owe to tlie public, and in justice to you, I have thought proper to make known one of "the most extraordinary cures in my own case, that has ever been truly recorded. In the month of October last, I was afflicted with a severe gathering in my breast, which formed a large abscess, and also communicated to my lungs and very much afflicted them, and discharged large quantities of corruption, external and internal. My breath could also pass through my lungs and out through the cavity of the breast with apparent ease, attended with a violent cough, day and night, loss of appetite and extreme debility, so that my physician thought my ease entirely hopeless and beyond the power of medicine. I remained in this wretched condition for a long time until I was wasted to a mere skeleton and there seemed to be no hope for me ; but having read in the public papers of the many wonderful cures performed by your COMPOUND SYKUP OF WILD CHEKEY, I inmiediately sent for five bottles and commenced its use, and to my great satis- faction and the joy of my anxious family, the abscess or opening in my lungs began to heal, and the cough to subside, and on using ten bottles I was restored to perfect health. 1 feel very grateful, and firmly believe that to your valuable medicine, under the blessing of Divine Providence, I am indebted for this great change, "and am happv to say that I am now enjoying as good health as I ever have Y'ours, very respectfully, THOMAS DIXON. The subscriber is well acquainted with Thomas Dixon, and can testify that he has been afflicted as above represented. I regard the recovery as almost a miracle. He is a worthy member of society. JAMES E. DUIiBOEIiOW, " Pastor of Berlin Circuit, Baltimore Conference. LOOK WELL TO THE MARKS OF THE GENUINE. ^?~Eemember no preparation of "Wild Cherry is genuine except the original article as prep.ared by DR. 6WAYNE. See that his PORTRAIT is on the wrapper around each botUe. UntU you ob- tain this Compound you will never know the real virtues of the Wild Cherry. ©[B. SWia^Ell^ W "^ %a ^jl& %^ An effectual remedy for "Worms, Dyspepsia, Cholera Morbus, Delicate, Sickly or Dys- peptic Children, Convulsions, &c. None genuine except in SQUARE BOTTLES. DR. mmn somated sarsaparhu . ,ln€l Extract of Tar Pills. 4 .^§**These valuable Pills are the result of medical knowledge combined icilh long expe- rience. Having- used them many years in my private practice, I therefore have had , ample opportunity in testing their power to relieve and cure those diseases for -which they are designed. « *»» > .A. C31- ES IXr "37 S - TODD, HINTON & TRAYLOR, Petersbursr, Va.; ADIE & GRAY and PEYTON JOHNSTON, Richmond, Va ; KING & TOY, Norfolk, Va.; A. LEWIS, Weston, Va.; W. S. "WOOD, Waterford, Va.; A. M. KRIDLER, Harper's Ferry, Va.; PATTERSON & CO., "Wheeling, Va.; J. & W. GOSHORN, Kanawha C. H., Va., and by most Druggists and Storekeepers throughout the IJnited States. TE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 393 In 1850 this county produced 101,118 bushels of corn, 23,995 of wheat, 41,499 of oats, 4,051 tons of hay, and 87,110 pounds of butter. There were five flour and grist mills, four saw mills, five tanneries, one manufactory of cabinet ware, and one of earthen w^are, and eleven churches. The county contains iron ore and stone coal. It is intersected by the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and the North-western railroad has its eastern terminus near the county seat. Formed in 1844, out of parts of Harrison, Barbour and Marion, and named in honor of John Taylor, of Caroline county. Capital, Prun- tytown, sometimes called Williamsport. Population, 5,367, of whom 5,199 were free, and 168 slaves. Taylor's Store, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia, 173 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Taylorsville, a post village in Hanover county, Virginia, on the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad, 20 miles north from Richmond. Taylorsville, of Patrick county, Virginia. See Patrick Court House. Tazeavell, a county in the S. W. part of Virginia, bordering on Kentucky, is 60 miles in length, and has an area of 1,300 square miles. The Clinch and Bluestone rivers rise in the county ; the Tug fork of Sandy river forms part of its northern boundary, and it is also drained by the Dry fork of the latter stream, and by V^'^olf creek. Clinch mountain extends along the S. E. border, and other mountain ridges pass across the county. The highlands produce good timber and pasturage ; the soil of the valleys is highly produc- tive. Indian corn, wheat, oats, butter, cattle, horses and swine are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 235,126 bushels of corn; 21,327 of wheat ; 125,214 of oats, and 135,910 pounds of butter were made. There were 6 tanneries, 3 cabinet ware manufactories and 1 saddlery. It contained 15 churches, and 654 pupils attend- ing public schools. Limestone, iron ore, and stone coal are abun- dant in the county ; the mines of the latter are thought to be inex- haustible. The county is plentifully supplied with water-power. Formed in 1799, and named in honor of Henry Tazewell, who re- presented Virgina in the United States Senate about that period. Capital, Jeffersonville. Population, 9,942 ; of whom 8,882 were free, and 1,060 slaves. 1 Tazewell Court House, Virginia. See Jeffersonville. Teaze's Valley, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 50 394 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS F jci X Xj ii^i P ££ X xL FIFTH ST (BELOW WALNUT) B T CORPORATORS. Hon. ELLIS LEWIS, M. D., LL. D., President. Hon. GEO. W. WOODWARD, LL. D. COLSON HIESKELL, Esq. ROBERT MORRIS, Esq. WILLIAM H. ALLEx\, M. D. JOHN C. BULLITT, Esq. JOB R. TYSON, LL. D., Secretary. AND THE FACULTY. FACULTY. GEORGE HEWSTON, M. D., Professor of Anatomy, B. HOWARD RAND, M. D., Professor of Chemistry. HENRY HARTSHORNE, M. D., Professor of the Institutes cf Medicine. ISAAC A. PENNYPACKER, M. D., Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine. JAMES L. TYSON, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and General Therapeutics. JOSEPH PARRISH, M. D., Professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children. JAMES BRYAN, M. D., Professor of Surgery. Two full Courses of Lectures are given annually, one beginning in March, the other in October. Degrees are conferred in Maeoh and July. The Faculty take a personal interest in the welfare and progress of each Student. Examinations are held daily in each branch. The Courses are in the highest degree thorough and practical. Particular attention is given to CLINICAL INSTRUCTION, both at thej Public Institutions of the City and in the Dispensary attached to the College. |S^ Advanced Students are furnished with Cases in Medicine. Surgery and Midwifery, to be attended personaUy. A Pharmaceutical Department is attached to the Institute for their use. ^^Gentlomen interested are invited to visit the Institution at all times. For further information, address B. HOWARD RAND, M. D., Dean. TR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 395 Temperance, a post office of Amherst county, Virginia. Temperanceville, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. Templeton, a post village of Prince George county, Virginia, 36 miles S. E. from Richmond. The Glades, a post office of Carroll county, Virginia. Theological Seminary, a post office of Fairfax county, Va. The Plains, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. Thompson's Cross Roads, a post office of Louisa county, Vir- ginia, 45 miles N. W. from Richmond. Thompsonville, a post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, 104 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. It has two churches. Thornburg, a post village of Spottsylvania county, Virginia, on the Po river, 69 miles North from Richmond. Thorn Hill, a post office of Orange county, Virginia, 92 miles N. W. from Richmond. Thorton's Mills, a post office of Rappahannock county, Va. Thornton's River, in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises from the Blue Ridge, near the West border of Rappahannock county, and flowing south-eastward through Culpepper county, unites with Hedgman's river, forming the North fork of the Rappahannock. Thoroughfare, a post village of Prince William county, Vir- ginia, 124 miles North from Richmond. Three Forks, a post office of Taylor county, Virginia. Three Springs, a post office of Washington county, Virginia. Timber: Grove, a post office of Washington county, Virginia. Timber Ridge, a post office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. TiMBERViLLE, a post village in Rockingham county, Virginia, about 150 miles N. W. from Richmond. Tinker Knob, a post office of Botetourt county, Virginia. Tobacco Row, a post office of Amherst county, Virginia. Todd's, a post office of Spottsylvania county, Virginia. Tolersville, a post village in Louisa county, Virginia, on the Virginia Central Railroad, 45 miles N. W. by North from Rich- mond. Tomahawk Spring, a post office of Berkely county, Virginia. Tom's Brook, a post office of Shenandoah county, Virginia. Town House, a post office of Smyth county, Virginia. Traveler's Repose, a post office of Pocahontas county, Va. Traylorsville, a post village of Henry county, Virginia, 200 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 396 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. Xj A. S S Xj Ij ' s \^ 9 ABOVE MARKET, The attention of Merchants and Dealers generally is particularly requested to the Extensive Stock of 'h ''ra W[ ^ "I AND ALWAYS TO BE FOUND AT THIS WAREHOUSE. My enlarged facilities and advantages in Manufacturing my own Goods, V Enables me to oifer the Largest Stock and the "Which -will be sold as Cheap if not Cheaper than at any other Establishment in the United States. And I guarantee to those who may favor me with their patronage, full satisfaction in every respect. C. LASELL, Formerly Lascll S^' Brother, 14 North Fourth Street, IP IHl Q L /!^ O IE L [P [HI 11 /^ - TY GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 397 Trevillian's Depot, a post village of Louisa county, Virginia, on the Central Railroad, 67 miles from Richmond. Triadelphia, a post office of Ohio county, Virginia. Tug River, a post office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Tumbling Creek, a post office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Turkey Cove, a post office of Lee county, Virginia. Turner's Store, a post office of Caroline county, Virginia. TuscARORA, a creek in the N. N. E. part of Virginia, flows through Berkely county, passes by Martinsburg, and falls into the Potomac, or some small affluent of that river. It affords fine water-power. Two Mile Branch, a post office of Smyth county, Virginia. Twyman's Store, a post office of Spottsylvania county, Va. Tye River, a small stream in the S. E. central part of Virginia, rises at the base of the Blue Ridge, flows south-eastward through Nelson county, and enters James river. It furnishes motive-power, for mills. Tye River Mills, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia, 128 miles West from Richmond. Tye River Warehouse, a post office of Nelson county, Va. Tygart's Valley River, in the north-west part of Virginia, rises in Randolph county, among the Greenbrier mountains, passes through Barbour and Taylor counties, and unites with the West fork of the Monongahela, one mile south from Fairmount, in Marion county. Its general direction is northward ; its whole length is es- timated at 150 miles. It is navigable by small boats in the lower part of its. course. Tyler, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, is situated on the Ohio river, some fifty miles below Wheeling : area 390 square miles. The Ohio river forms its north-western boundary, separating it from the State of Ohio, and is intersected by Middle Island creek. The surface is hilly and broken, and partly covered with forests of good timber. The soil is excellent, well watered, and adapted to wool growing. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay and live stock are the sta- ples. In 1850 this county produced 130,014 bushels of corn, 15,- 100 of wheat, 27,544 of oats, and 1,737 tons of hay. There were nine saw mills, four flour mills, three tanneries, seven churches and 145 pupils attending public schools. The county contains abundance of stone coal, iron ore, and good building stone ; limestone is one of the principal rocks. Large quantities of ore resembling zinc are found. Middle Island creek is a fine mill stream. The county is 398 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. WM.EHORSTMAM&SONS, e)H)(]t,i^e)ifee)i(] Store, 51 "Not Having completed the erection of the Largest Manufacturing Establishment of its class in the United States, the advertisers are prepared to execute with promptness orders for any of the following articles : €uh J ^ w^m"^^ ^^^(^mjx^'^^^m^ toii^ ©i ^3 /i\ >^i lAiiif Wii.mmm CURTAIN TRIMMINGS, T-A.ii.oiis' TiiiM:M:iNas, THEATRICAL DECORATIONS, YE\ETIiN BLIND TRDIMINGS, HATTERS' BINDINGS, SOCIETY GOODS, RYLES. They also offer at the lowest prices, a Choice Stock of Hosiery, Gloves and Fancy Goods, OF THEIR OWN IMPORTATION. VA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 399 intersected by three good turnpike-roads. Organized in 1814, and named in honor of John Tyler, governor of Virginia in 1810. Cap- ital, Middlebourn. Population, 5,498, — 5,460 free, and 38 slaves. Tyler Mountain, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. Uffington, a post office of Monongalia county, Virginia. Union, a handsome post village, capital of Monroe county, Vir- ginia, 208 miles W. from Richmond. It contains two or three churches. Population, about 500. Union Grove, a post office of Prince George county, Virginia. Union Hall, a small post village of Franklin county, Virginia, 200 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. Union Level, a post office of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. Union Mills, a post village of Fluvanna county, Virginia, on the Rivanna river, 75 miles N. W. from Richmond. The river affords w'ater power, which is used for a cotton factory and several mills. Union Village, a post village in Northumberland county, Vir- ginia, 88 miles E. N. E. from Richmond. Unison, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 16 miles S. W. from Leesburg, contains three churches. and several stores. University of Virginia, a post office of Albemarle county, Vir- ginia. See Charlottesville. Upland, a post office of Mason county, Virginia. Upper Falls of Coal, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. Upper Tract, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. Upperville, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, is situ- ated at the foot of the Blue Ridge, on the turnpike from Winchester to Alexandria, 135 miles N. by W. from Richmond. It is sur- rounded by a fine farming district, and contains three churches and about 700 inhabitants. Upshur, a 'new county in the N. W. central part of Virginia, on the West fork of the Monongahela river. Urbanna, a post village, capital of Middlesex county, Virginia, on Urbanna creek, about 84 miles E. by N. from Richmond. Valley, a post office of Tazewell county, Virginia. Valley Falls, a post office of Marion county, Virginia. Valley Head, a post office of Randolph county, Virginia. Van Buren Furnace, a post office of Shenandoah county, Va. Van Clevesville, a post office of Berkely county, Virginia. Variety Mills, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia, 112 miles VV. by N. from Richmond. 400 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. JAS. B. M'FARLAND, \ TAATPq P TATATAK / HENRY BERGHAUSER, WM. R.EVANS, / JA^^l^^ i'- -CAIMAN, | jas. R. C. OLDHAM. M'FARLAND, EVANS & CO. IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN No. 105 MARKET STHEET, And No. 34 CHURCH ALLEY, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, YARD, GILLfflORE & CO. No. 12 NORTH THIRD STREET, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN S) & ^ ^^ '^ ^ ^ &> ® ^ GLOVES, MITTS AND DRESS TRIMMINGS, ALSO, ^ '■I IP ^'iiBi •'lull' 'taiD lliiiiiun TOGETHER WITH Embroideries, White and Lace Goods, To which they invite the attention of Buyers. WA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 401 Verdierville, a post office of Orange county, Virginia. Verdon, a post village of Hanover county, Va., on Little river, 30 miles North from Richmond. It has a cotton factory. VicKSviLLE, a post office of Southampton county, Virginia. Wade's, a post office of Bedford county, Virginia. Wadestown, a post office of Monongalia county, Virginia. Wadesville, a post office of Clarke county, Virginia. Wagram, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. Walker's Church, a post office of Appomattox county, Va. Walker's Creek, in the S.,W. part of Virginia, rises in Wythe county, flows north-eastward, and enters New river in Giles county. Walker's Mountain, Virginia. Walkerton, a post office of King and Queen county, Virginia, on the Mattapony river, 30 miles N. E. from Richmond. Wallace, a post office of Harrison county, Virginia. Walnut Grove, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia, 330 miles W. by N. from Richmond. Walnut Hill, a post office of Lee county, Virginia. Walton, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. Wardensville, a post office of Hardy county, Virginia. Warminster, a small post village of Nelson county, Virginia, on the James river, 100 miles West from Richmond. Warm Springs, called also Bath Court House, a post village, capital of Bath county, Virginia, 170 miles W. N. W. from Rich- mond, is situated in a narrow valley, between two mountain ridges. The springs are much frequented during the summer season by inva- lids and others. The temperature of the water at all seasons is 98°, without the slightest change. The largest spring is 40 feet in di- ameter. Fine buildings have been erected for the accommodation of visiters. These improvements, together Avith the salubrity of the air, and the romantic character of the scenery, render this one of the most attractive watering-places in the State. The water contains muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbonate of lime, and sulphate of magnesia. Warren, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, has an area of about 250 square miles. It is intersected by the Shenandoah river, and also drained by the North fork of the same. The county occu- pies part of the great valley bounded on the S. E. by the Blue Ridge. The surface is hilly ; the soil mostly good and well watered. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay and live stock are the staples. In 1850 it 51 402 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. ■WM. A. DEOTW INEaEllA & FMtSOl MllMCTDEEl, 86 MARKET STHSST, Umbrellas and Parasols from this Manufactory cannot be excelled in beauty of style and finish, or durability of workmanship. Particular care given to the manufacture of Goods adapted to a Fine and Stylish Trade. WM. A. PEAESOF, (FOKMEKLT OF EICHMOND, VA.) IS STILL ENGAGED IN THE SALES DEPARTMENT. Buyers are solicited to examine the stock before purchasing. I AiJD IMPOP.TEES OF EJYGIjISM, FREJVCH ^ 4^En.JfI^J\* IROOS, CHEMICALS AND PERFUMERY, D E ALKRS IN Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye Stuffs, Patent Medicines, Glassware and Druggists' Ware. MANUFACTUEEK3 AND PEOPEIETOES OF No, 209 Market Street, North side, above 5th, Particular attention paid to the purity and freshness of everj- article. All orders packed with security and care. Having extensive and unusual facilities for purchas- ing, we are enabled to offer goods at such prices as cannot fail to give satisfaction to our customers. WA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 403 produced 145,354 bushels of wheat, 128,875 of corn, 25,906 of oats, 2,119 tons of hay, and 64,185 pounds of butter. There were 40 flour, grist and saw mills, six distilleries and three tanneries. It contained 13 churches, and 484 pupils attending academies and schools. Limestone, copper, iron and manganese are abundant. It is amply supplied with water-power. The wealth of the county has recently been increased by several public works, viz : the Ma- nassas Gap railroad, extending to Alexandria ; a plank-road from the county seat to Winchester, and two or three turnpikes. Organ- ized in 1836. Capital, Front Royal. Population, 6,607, of whom 4,859 were free and 1,748 slaves. Warren, a post village of Albemarle county, Virginia, on James river, about 88 miles above Richmond. Warrenton, a beautiful town, capital of Fauquier county, Vir- ginia, on the turnpike from Alexandria to Charlottesville, 100 miles N. by W. from Richmond. It is surrounded by a beautiful and pro- ductive country, and has an active business. A branch railroad connects the town with the Orange and Alexandria railroad, 10 miles distant. Warrenton contains a handsome court house, three or four churches, 2 academies, and 2 newspaper offices. Population, about 1,500. Warrentox Springs, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. Warsaw, a post village, capital of Richmond county, Virginia, 70 miles N. E. from Richmond, about three miles from the Rappa- hannock river. It contains several stores and about 30 dwellinrrs. Warwick, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, contammg about 50 square miles, is situated on a peninsula between Chesa- peake bay and the mouth of James river, the latter of which washes its Western border. The surface is slightly diversified ; the soil is alluvial. The productions are wheat, Indian corn, and sweet pota- toes. In 1820 there w^ere raised 61,340 bushels of corn, 10,252 of wheat, and 9,844 of sweet potatoes. It contained two churches, and 54 pupils attending public schools. Oysters and firewood (oak and pine) are important articles of export. Capital, Warwick. Population, 1,546, of whom 641 were free, and 905 sla.ves. Warwick, a small and handsome village, capital of Warwick county, Virginia, is situated near the mouth of James river, about 80 miles E. N. E. from Richmond. Washington, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, border- ing on Tennessee, has an area of 484 square miles. It is intersected 404 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. M. S. SHAPLEIOn. FRANCIS J. EUE. SHAPLBIGH & RUB, IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN LINENS, WHITE GOODS, e»3m:]ooe^x>:e:o.hes®, cfcso. No. 110 MARKET STREET, ILLIAM NORRIS, ORTH EIGHTH STREET, (above arch, west side,) ^[M!QL/^E)EL!P(MiaAa An assortment of PLAIN AND FANCY BLINDS always on hand, at the lowest prices. Old Blinds repainted and trimmed equal to new, and JOBBING promptly attended to. A handsome assortment of WIISDOW SHADES, of the latest and most Fashionable Patterns, and EEED BLINDS constantly on hand, to which we respectfully call the attention of the public. Also, STORE SHADES MADE AND LEITERED TO ORDER. Terms, CASH. E. J. PKICE & CO. IMPORTERS OF No. 7 Hart's Building, (Second Story,) SIXTH STREET, ABOVE CHESTNUT, BOOKS Imported to order from England, France and Germany by every Steamer. MONTHLY CATALOGUES OF NEW AND OLD FOREIGN BOOKS furnished on application, and any information given in regard to prices, &c. &c. A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAI, Hmmm, WMMm, SCIENTIFIC And Miscellaneous English Literature CONSTANTLY ON HAND. Confining our business entirely to Foreign Books, purchasers may depend upon finding the best assortment at our establishment. All New French and English Engravings Of the BEST CLASS, received as soon as published. WA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 405 by the North, Middle, and South forks of Holston river, dividing it into three fertile valleys, branches of the great valley of Virginia. The Clinch mountain forms the N. W. boundary, and the county is traversed by Walker's mountains. Indian corn, wheat, oats, grass, and maple sugar are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 438,900 bushels of corn, 69,264 of wheat, 249,674 of oats and 153,- 044 pounds of butter. There were 25 flour, grist and saw mills, five salt works, two iron furnaces, and two tanneries. It contained 33 churches, 1,512 pupils attending public schools, and 194 attending academies or other schools. This county is no less remarkable for its valuable minerals than for its fertile soil and excellent pastures. Limestone, gypsum, iron, and stone coal are abundant, and large quantities of salt are procured on the N. E. border. The Virginia and Tennessee railroad is now in progress through the county. Cap- ital, Abingdon. Population, 14,612, of whom 12,481 were free, and 2,131 slaves. Waterford, a thriving post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, on Kittoctan creek, 156 miles North from Richmond, contains two churches and several mills. Population estimated at 500. Waterloo, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, on the Rappahannock river, 63 miles W. S. W. from Washington. It contains two stores and one mill. Watkinsville, a small village of Goochland county, Virginia, 36 miles West from Richmond. Wattsborough, a post office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 97 miles S. W. from Richmond. Waylandsburg, a post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, on^Crooked creek, 102 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. It con- tains two mills. Wayne, a county in the West part of Virginia, has an area esti- mated at 500 square miles. The Ohio river forms its boundary on the North, separating it from Ohio, and the Sandy river separates it from Kentucky on the West ; it is also drained by Twelvepole creek. The surface is broken by numerous hills or ridges, and mostly covered with forests. The soil is productive. Indian corn, oats, and grass are the staples. The highlands abound in stone coal. Ginseng is one of the articles of export. In 1850 the county produced 226,800 bushels of corn, 27,785 of oats, and 36,555 pounds of butter. There were six saw mills, one wool-carding mill and two tanneries. It contained nine churches, and 203 pupils at- 406 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. KoBEET E. Levice, Richard Levick, 'Warneb M. Eabln, Thomas B. Lkvick. LEVICK. BROTHER & CO. \^- EHOOSE m No. 223 MARKET STREET, (North side, below Sixth Street,) lE^ JlL ± 1. SI :e3 Xj IF* X3: i .-^ , MANUPACTUHER OP Mowing and Reaping Machines, Ammoniated Super Phosphate Lime, Chemical Fertilizer, Bone Bust, I^o^-lor* 130. C3r"o.O;3:xo l=Q C^xP ?^ GEORGE W. ZIIHERMAN, ABOVE SECOND, A Silver Medal AWARDED FROM LONDON. BOSTON, AND BALTIMORE. WH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 411 Weston, a post village, capital of Lewis county,Virginia, on the West fork of Monongahela river, 278 miles N. W. from Richmond. The hills in this vicinity abound in coal. Weston is connected by turnpike with Fairmont. The village has one bank. Population about 300. West Union, a post village of Doddridge county, Virginia, on Middle Island creek, and on the turnpike from Winchester to Par- kersburg, 300 miles N. W. from Richmond. Lumber is exported from this vicinity by flat-boats and rafts. West Union, a village of Marshall county, Virginia, 12 miles S. E. from Wheeling. West View, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, six miles West of Staunton. It has two stores. West Warren, a small village ofMonongalia county, Virginia. Wetzel, a new county in the N. W. part of Virginia, bordering on Pennsylvania, and on the Ohio river, which separates it from the State of Ohio ; area, about 250 square miles. It is drained by Fish- ing creek and branches. The surface is exceedingly hilly ; the soil of the river bottoms is excellent, and of the uplands moderately fer- tile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, cattle and pork are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 124,198 bushels of corn, 12,162 of wheat, 22,266 of oats ; 1,440 tons of hay, and 46,327 pounds of butter. It contained five saw mills, two saddlery shops, and 78 pu- pils attending public schools. The county contains stone coal. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad passes along the N. E. border. Formed a few years ago out of part of Tyler county. Capital, New Martinsville. Population, 4,284 of whom 4,267 and 17 slaves. Wheatland, a post office of Loudoun county, Virginia. Wheatley, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. Wheeling, a city and port of entry of Virginia, and capital of Ohio county. The sight now occupied by the city of Wheeling was first settled by white men in 1770, five years after the treaty with the Indians at Fort Pitt, effected by the Military expedition of Col- onel Boquet to the Muskingdom. -The settlement was made during the tranquillity and friendly intercourse between the whites and In- dians, which succeeded that treaty, and almost simultaneous with several other settlements in this region and along the borders of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, which were then free from In- dian depredations. In 1774 the hostility of the Indians was re- newed, awakened afresh at that time, it is generally conceded, by 412 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. JAMES SMITH & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF rwOT C\ IE) For Cotton or Woolen Machinery, Warranted of Superior quality . Leather retanned, and Wire of the best English Stock. MANUFACTORY AT THE CORNER OF Marshall & Willow Sts.j North of Franklin Square, 13? 1^ a IJ» ^ H) IB 12> ]^ ^ a 4X * CONSTANTLY ON HAND, Comb Plate, Comb Cleaners, Belting and Band Leather, Tacks and Rivets, Remnants of Card Leather, Laces, Rubber and Picker Leather. ROBIHSOH & ALLE WHOLESALE DEALERS IN a mum Mffii, HATS, BRUSHES, BASKETS, &c. No. 83i NORTH THIRD STREET, (ABOVE AECII, EAST SIDE,) WH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 413 the cruel massacre at Yellow Creek, between Fort Pitt and Wheel- ing, of the family of Logan, a chief of the Mingo tribe. The bloody- alliance of the Indians with the British followed soon after, and with it that protracted border warfare which made almost every hill and valley along the Ohio the scene of some sanguinary conflict. The first settlement was made here by Colonel Ebenezer Zane and his brothers, Jonathan, Isaac and Silas. Prominent also among the early pioneers and settlers were Lewis Wetzel, Samuel McCol- loch, Adam Poe and his brother. The hardships and dangers en- countered by these men deserve an abiding place in the annals of our country. I have incidentally obtained portions of their history that for thrilling interest have rarely been surpassed, but which, if at all appropriate to this work, would swell it far beyond its allotted limits. It is to be hoped that the historian will yet do justice to their memories. Suffice it to say that some of them lived to see the haunts of the savage and the fields of their heroic courage converted into abodes of civilization and refinement; and many of their de- scendants, who have long been among our most worthy citizens, have seen the "waste places made glad, and the desert blossom as the rose." The city is finely situated on the East bank of the Ohio river, and on both sides of Wheeling creek, 92 miles below Pittsburg, 365 miles above Cincinnati, 350 miles N. W. from Richmond, and about 630 feet above the level of the sea. Lat. 40° 1' N., Ion. 80° 42' W. The site is a narrow alluvial tract, overlooked by precipitous hills, and extending about two miles along the river. Wheeling is the most important place on the river between Petersburg and Cin- cinnati, and in respect to trade, manufactures and population, the most considerable town of Western Virginia. It contains a fine court house, about 14 churches, two academies, three banks, aggre- gate capital above $1,400,000, and a savings institution. Four or five newspapers are published here. The town is supplied by wa- ter raised from the river by machinery. The National road crosses the river at Zane's Island, opposite the city, by a beautiful wire suspension bridge, the span of which is one of the longest in the world, measuring 1,010 feet. The height of the towers is 153 feet above low-water mark, and 60 feet above the abutments. The bridge is supported by 12 wire cables, each 1,380 feet in length and 4 inches in diameter. The cost of this structure is estimated at ^210,000. Wheeling is the Western terminus of the Baltimore and 414 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. CHESTMUT STREET, C. J. MAC LELLAN, (Formerly of this Hotel, but more recently of Jones' Hotel,) Has the pleasure to inform his Friends and the Traveling Public, that he has leased this well-known and favorite HOTEL, for a term of years, and is fully prepared for the reception of Guests. The House and Furniture have been put in first rate order, the rooms are large and comfortable. Its local advantages are too well known to need comment. THE TABLE will always be supplied with the BEST, and the pro- prietor pledges himself that no effort shall be wanting to make the UNI- TED STATES equal in all respects to any Hotel in the City of Brotherly Love. ,5^"Your patronage is respectfully solicited. CHESTNUT STREET, NEAR THIRD, PARKEH & LAYRD, PROPRIETORS. This Celebrated HOTEL is the best located in the city for Merchants and Stran- gers, being near the Post Office, Banks, and the Wholesale Stores. OMNIBUSES will be in waiting at the Cars and Steamers to convey passengers to this Hotel. BOARD PER DAY, $1 50. HJ^The FRANKLIN is a FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, and all who will visit it will be fully satisfied. — [Editor. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. 415 Ohio railroad, 380 miles long, finished in 1853, and of the Hemp- field railroad, which joins the Pennsylvania railroad at Greensburg. The Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad is to be extended from Wells- ville to this city, and the Central Ohio, and the Cincinnati and Marietta railroad, are now finished, and will open a more di- rect communication with the Western States. In 1852 38 steam- boats were owned in this place, with an aggregate tonnage of 6,843 tons. During the same year, 10 steamboats and two other vessels were built, with a burthen of 1746 tons. The hills which rise in the immediate vicinity contain inexhaustible beds of coal, which supply fuel at a small expense to the numerous manufactories of Wheeling. In 1850 it contained four iron foundries, three forges, three manufactories of nails, five of glass ware, two or three of cot- ton goods, three of paper, 1 of steam engines, one of silk goods, and two of wire. Flour, woolen goods, whitelead, and other articles are produced here. Wheeling became the capital of the county in 1797. In 1802 it contained about 70 houses. Population in 1820, 1567 ; in 1830, 5221 ; in 1840, 7885 ; in 1850, 11,391, exclusive of West Wheeling, which had 438 inhabitants ; and in 1854 about 20,000. -«0"»- <««>» 4 ^' DESCRIPTION Of the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Baltimore to Wheeling. The Mount Clare Station of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was established in 1829, at what was then the extreme western end of Pratt street, (Baltimore,) and indeed some distance beyond the paved part of the street. Here, surrounded by some rough sheds, was planted the little box at which tickets were sold for an excur- sion to the Carrollton Viaduct, one mile out ; this being the length of the road when business began to be done upon it, and a revenue to be collected from those who visited a Railway as an object of cu- riosity, to be seen and felt for the first time. The station has since grown to be a vast area of some forty acres, a large proportion of it covered by buildings of every si^^e and shape, and a reticulation of tracks of which it would puzzle the eye to pursue the numerous lines and intersections. When the track was extended into the city and carried through many of its principal streets by numerous branches, the Mount Clare (at first the ojdy) became the " outer " 416 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. PHILADELPHIA No. 4§ MARKET STREET. ESTABLISHED 50 YEARS SINCE BY GEO. M. COATES. The present Proprietor, from twenty years' experience in the business, is enabled to supply Genuine and Fresh Of the very Purest and Choicest Varieties. The Gardeners that Supply the Philadelphia Markets with Vegeta- bles, prefer these Seeds to any other they can procure. FLOWER SEEDS, BIRD SEEDS, &c. &c. tC^ DEALERS and others will serve Iheir interests, by procuring the above SEEDS; they give entire satisfaction whenever taken, and generally supersede all others. |I3= CATALOGUES will be forwarded upon application. HENRY L. TRIPLER. SOUTHERN PLANTERS WHO WISH TO IMPROVE POOR AND WORN OUT LAND, USE CELEBRATED SinFrimn ^frrtilistr. FOR THE «ROWI\Ci OF TOBACCO, WDEAT, Rl, OATS, CORSi, POTATOES AXD GRASS. It has no equal, and at only |l'25 a Ton of 2240 lbs. Gross in Casks, de- livered free of porterage to any point in the City. l^f^MR. BAEKESDALE, of Virginia, used it in 1S53 and 1S54 upon his Tobacco Plants, and says it exceeded any thing he ever used. H^^It has been in Public Use and favor for the last Four Tears, both in the I'nited States and in the Islands of Bermuda and Barbadoes, as a Eenovator of the Soil superior to nil other Alanures. Can be had of the PEOPKIETOK, G-. A. LEINAU, No. 19 South Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. IC^DRAFTS on any Good House in Philadelphia received in payment. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 417 station, and the "inner station " was located upon Charles street, between Pratt and Camden streets, and within a few steps of the head of the Basin. It was afterward removed to Pratt street, below Charles, where it remained until the opening of the road to Wheel- ing. It was here also for a number of years that the Passenger sta- tion of the Philadelphia Railroad was located, the two lines meet- ing under a common roof. The Philadelphia has sometime since removed towards the eastern section of the ctiy, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has also removed its inner station to the spacious grounds recently purchased between Camden and Lee streets on the North and South, and Howard and Eutaw streets on the East and West. The new station is reached through the " Locust Point Branch," which leaves the original Main Stem of the road near the Carrollton Viaduct, at the western boundary of the city. The branch will henceforward become the trunk, as the transportation business of the Company will be chiefly concentrated at the new station, and the Mount Clare will be devoted principally to the machinery depart- ment. Leaving the city, we cross the Carrollton Viaduct, a fine bridge of dressed granite, with an arch of eighty feet span, over Gwyn's Falls ; after which the road soon reaches the long and deep excava- tion under the Washington Turnpike, which is carried over the Railroad by the "Jackson Bridge." Less than a mile further the " deep cut " is encountered, famous for its diflSculties in the early history of the road. It is seventy-six feet in extreme depth and nearly half a mile in length, and the traces of the slides and gulley- ings of twenty odd years are to be seen upon its furrowed sides, tinted with various ochrous colors of the richest hue. Beyond this the road crosses the deep ravine of Robert's Run, and, skirting the ore banks of the old Baltimore Iron Company, now covered by a dense forest of cedar trees, comes to the long and deep embankment over the valley of Gadsby's Run and the heavy cut through Vinegar Hill immediately following it. The " Relay House," eight miles from the inner station, is then reached, where, as the name imports, there was a change of horses during the period which those animals furnished the motive power of the road. At this point the open country of sand and clay ends, and the re- gion of rock begins at the entrance to the gorge of the Patapsco river. In entering this defile you have a fine view of the " Thomas 53 418 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. LOOKING GLASS e^fiSjtiD ♦^-.i^^" AND MANUFACTORY. This Establishment, by far the largest in the U.S., possess- es many ndv-intagoa in variety and extensiveness of Stock over all others, and from the longestablislicd and continued increase of trade from all parts of the Union, enables the proprietor to dispose of his articles at less prices than any other in his line of business, and respectfully requests his friends and the public to call and examine his large stock of LOOKING GLASSES AND PICTURE FUAMES, previous to going elsewhere, as the subscriber assures them that they will find it to their decided advantage in so doing. Gilding in all its branches. On hand, Rosewood, Walnut, Gilt and Mahogany Jlouldings. S3sr~ Particular attention given to all orders. N«s. CI, 67, 69 it 71 ForsytU street, New Yorli. Communications by mail. S. J. SIGLER. As some Manufacturers in Philadelphia claim on their show-bills to have received Premiums at the Fairs in New York, held IfcOO aud Ibbl, the following Certitioate has been obtained : Amkrican Institute, March 29, 1854. This is to certify that Mr. JOHN VAN DEVENTER received the First Premium for Paste Black- ing at the 28d and a^th Annual Fairs of the American Institute in the City of New York, in the years 1850 and 1851- JullN W. CHAMBERS, ,sW7Y/arv "f the Premium C§^ MANUFACTURERS OF THIS STYLE OF Would respectfully invite the attention of the trade and pur- chasers generally, to the substantial and heautiful produc- tions of their manu- facture. They have quite a variety of styles and patterns, and in the Ornamental Department endeavor to produce a pleasing variety. The On our Furniture are executed by Artists of superior merit. We will make to order one or more suits of furniture in a style to assimilate with the peculiar architecture of a house. We received from the Ameri- if*i n.i:>' *'-'^'^--'"^iii R-^^ can Institute, 1853, a fe^^ ^^ -^■^■'tT^mJ ^:f^^m I> X I* Xa O IRffi -A. FOR A SUIT OF FURNITURE or our ot^m 9JfIanura€i:f€r€9 A LSO A Diploma from the New York Stale Agricultural Fair, HELD AT HAmLTON SQUARE, 1854. Orders solicited, and articles carefully boxed and shipped to any part of the United States. BRIGGS & VICKRERB, No. 6 SULLIVAN STREET, N. Y. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 423 of rich limestone land is the garden of the State, and contains the celebrated Carrollton Manor. The line for upwards of eleven miles consists of long straight stretches and fine sweeping curves, and lies near the gently rolling surface of the ground with little cutting or filling. On approaching the " Point of Rocks," it passes by a cut of some extent through the ridge of breccia marble, from which the beautiful material of the columns in the Senate Chamber and Hall of Representatives of the Capitol at Washington was obtained. The " Point of Rocks," celebrated in the contest between the Railroad and Canal Companies, is formed by the bold profile of the Catoctin Mountain, against the base of which the Potomac River runs on the Maryland side, the mountain towering up on the oppo- site, Virginia, shore, forming the other barrier of the pass. Here, sixty-nine miles from Baltimore and forty-eight from Washington, the Canal and Railroad first came side by side, and a village has arisen. There is also a bridge over the river, which is about a quar- ter of a mile wide. The Railroad turns the promontory by an ab- rupt curve, and is partly cut out of the rock precipice on the right, and partly supported on the inner side of the Canal on the left by a stone wall of considerable length. Two miles further another cliff occurs, accompanied by more excavation and walling. From hence the ground becomes comparatively smooth, and the Railroad, leaving the immediate margin of the river to the Canal, runs along the base of the gently sloping hills, passing the villages of Berlin and Knox- ville, and reaching the " Weverton Factories" in the pass of the South Mountain. From this point to Harper's Ferry the road lies along the foot of a precipice for the greater part of the distance of three miles, the last of which is immediately under the lofty cliffs of Elk Mountain, form- ing the north side of this noted pass. The Shenandoah river enters the Potomac immediately below the bridge over the latter, and their united currents rush rapidly over the broad ledges of rock which stretch across their bed. The length of the bridge is about nine hundred feet, and at its western end it divides into two, the left hand branch connecting with the Winchester and Potomac Railroad which passes directly up the Shenandoah, and the right hand carrying the Main Road, by a strong curve in that direction, up the Potomac. The bridge consists of six arches of one hundred and thirty, and one arch of about seventy-five feet span over the river, and an arch of about one hundred feet span over the canal; all of wdiich are of 424 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. WORLD'S FAIR MEDAL FOR "Was awarded, with special commendation for Design, Superior Workmanship and Moderate Price, to M. J. DRUMMOND, 331 GRAND STREET, M. J. D. flatters himself that the number of years he has been before his brethren, has inspired that confidence in him which every true Mason should entertain for his brother. .pEr-Every Style of Regalia, from the E. A. to the Knight Templar in the York Rite, including Jewels, Robes, Working Tools, and all Paraphernalia required in — Chapter or Encampment, in the most correct style and the lowest prices. Also, in the Scottish Rite, from the 1st to the 33d degree. ^S^I. 0. 0. F., Sons of Temper- ance and Secret Societies generally. M. Mason Aprons, from 50 cts. to $20; R. A. do. from $i to $25. Collars for a lodge from $12 the set, to $200. Jewels of fine silver for Officers for $25 and upwards. Certificates, &c. ilvery ORDER will be punctually executed.*"®^ V SA VERY'S TELEOBAPH AND DININQ SALOON, p^o- 1-3: :]Ooois.33a.^-33. St. N B W^ YORK. (KEPT ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN.) MEALS AT ALL HOURS OF THE DAY. imim ROOMS, FROM $2 TO $3 PER WEEK, OR 50 OEMS PER KIGOT. JOHN S. SAVERY, Proprietor ; BELA SAWYER, Supt. « ^•» » The Subscriber having just completed the enlargement of the above spacious HOTEL and DIN- ING SALOON, Nos. 14 BEEKMAN and 142 NASSAU STREETS, New York, would respectfully inform his patrons and the traveling public generally, that he is now prepared to furnish Single and Double Rooms for Single Gentleiueu aud Families, fitted up with new and elegant Furniture, Bed- ding, &c. By strict attention to the wants of his guests, and the civility of his waiters, the subscriber hopes to secure the approbation and permanent custom of those who may favor him with a call. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 425 timber and iron and covered in, except the AVfestern arch connected with the Winchester and Potomac Railroad, which is entirely of iron,* excepting the floor. This viaduct is not so remarkable for its length as for its peculiar structure, the two ends of it being curved in opposite directions and bifurcated at the western extremity. Harper's Ferry and all its fine points of scenery are too well known to need description here. The precipitous mountains which rise from the water's edge leave little level ground on the river margin, and all of that is occupied by the United States Armory buildings. Hence the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has been obliged to build itself a road in the river bed for upwards of half a mile along the outer boundary of the Government Works, upon a trestle w^ork rest- ing on the side next the river, upon an insulated wall of masonry, and upon the other side upon square stone columns placed upon the retaining w^all of the Armory grounds. After passing the upper- most building, the road runs along upon the outer bank of the Ca- nal which brings the water of the river to the works, and soon crosses this Canal by a stone and timber bridge one hundred and fifty feet span. Thence the road passes up the river on the inner side of the Canal, and opposite the dam at its head, about one and three-quar- ters of a mile from the mouth of the Shenandoah, pierces a project- ing rock by a tunnel or gallery of eighty feet in length. The view down the river through this perforation is singularly picturesque, and presents the pass through the mountain at the con- fluence of the rivers in one of its most remarkable aspects. A short distance above the tunnel, where the river sweeps gradually round to the eastward in the broad smooth sheet of water created by the dam, the Railroad leaves the Potomac and passes up the ravine of Elk Branch which presents itself at this point in a favorable direc- tion ; this ravine, at first narrow and serpentine, becomes wider and more direct until it almost loses itself in the rolling table land which characterizes the " Valley of Virginia." The head of Elk Branch is reached in about nine miles, and thence the line descends gradu- ally over an undulating champaign country, to the crossing of the " Opequa" Creek, which it passes by a stone and timber viaduct of one hundred and fifty feet span and forty feet above the water sur- face. Beyond the crossing the road enters the open valley of Tus- carora Creek which it crosses twice and pursues to the town of Mar- ^■'The "Winchester Span," (which is of iron,) is one of BoUman's Patent Eail Eoad Bridges. 64 426 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. the: AIR! SEWIMG MACHiE COMPANY, 25X ^ rt o -a. u "v^ ja. Have constantl}- on band a large assortment of every variety of THE IMPROVED TWO NEEDLE IVIACHINE, Which received the First Premium of a Silver Medal, at the New York Crystal Palace. This Patent has heen recently purchased by the French Gov- ernment, who use these Machines in large numbers in the man- ufacture of clothing for the army and navy. The rapidity with which it works, and the great strength of its stitch, are qualities in which it has no rival. For Bagging, Ticking, Stout Cloths and Cassimeres, and all kinds of work where strength of seam is required, it is the best machine in use. We have also superior Of several varieties, expressly adapted to different styles of work. For SADDLERS AND HARNESS MAKERS, We have a very strong and elegant Machine. Tailors and Families will find here a Machine of great sim- plicity which works equally well on material of any thickness. Any persons wishing Machines for any kind of cloth or leather work, can be sure of finding the thing they want at 251 BROADW^AY, (opposite the PARK;) Price of Machines $50 to $100. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 427 tinsburg, eighteen miles from Harper's Ferry. At Martinsburg the Tuscarora is again bridged twice, the crossing east of the town being made upon a viaduct of ten spans of forty-four feet each, of timber and iron, supported by tw^o abutments and eighteen stone columns in the Doric style, and which have a very agreeable achitectural effect. The Company have erected here large engine houses and workshops, and have made it one of their principal sta- tions for the shelter and repair of their machinery, a measure that has greatly promoted the prosperity of the town, which like many of the old Virginia villages had previously been in a stagnant state for an almost immemorial period. Westward from Martinsburg the route for eight miles continues its course over the open country, arternately ascending and descending until it strikes the foot of the North Mountain and crossing it by a long excavation, sixty-three feet deep, in slate rock, through a de- pression therein, passes out of the " Valley," having traversed its entire breadth upon a line twenty-six miles in length. The soil of the valley is limestone, with slight exceptions, and of great fertility. On leaving these rich and well tilledlands we enter a poor and thinly settled district, covered chiefly with a forest in which stunted pine prevails. The route encounters heavy excavation and embankment for four or five miles from the North Mountain, and crosses Back Creek upon a stone viaduct of a single arch of eighty feet span and fifty-four feet above the stream. The view across and up the Poto- mac valley is magnificent as you approach this bridge, and extends as far as the distant mountain range of Sideling hill twenty-five miles to the West. The immediate margin of the river is reached at a point opposite Fort Frederick on the Maryland side, an ancient stronghold, erected a hundred years ago and still in pretty good pre- servation. From this point, thirty miles from Harper's Ferry, the route fol- lows the Virginia shore of the river upon bottom lands, interrupted only by the rocky bluffs opposite Licking Creek, fqr ten miles to Hancock. The only considerable stream crossed in this distance is Sleepy Creek, which is passed by a viaduct of two spans of one hundred and ten feet each. Hancock is in Maryland, and although a town of no great size or importance, makes some show when seen across the river from the station atthe mouth of Warm Spring Run. The route from Hancock to Cumberland pursues the margin of the Potomac river, with four exceptions. The first occurs at Doe Gul- 428 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. WHITHEY & JOCELYH, AND 58 & 60 FULTON STREET, N.B— The Largest Wood Engraving Establishment in the United States. REFERENCES FOR THE QUALITY AND STYLE OF ENGRAVINGS MADE BY THIS FIRM, VIZ : D. APPLETON & CO. Messrs. HAKPEK & BROS. J. H. COLTON & CO. F. 0. C. DARLEY. T. ADDISON RICHARDS, Witli many more Publisliers and Artists. P. S. — The subscribers being connected in the Electrotype and Engraving Business, are enabled, by their many facilities, to execute large Government, State, or other contracts, in illus- trating all kinds of historical, geographical or statistical Books. ORDERS for Engraving Buildings, Machinery, &c., solicited. H^^Prices moderate, but vary according to the style of En- graving. WHITNEY & JOCELYI u^u- KC- JOCTJESILi-S^lXr^S WOOD fflGRAMG ill ELECTROTIPE ESTABLISHMEMT, GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 429 ley^ eighteen miles above Hancock, where by a tunnel of 1,200 feet in length, a bend of the river is cut off, and a distance of nearly four miles saved. The second is at the Paw Paw Ridge, where a dis- tance of nearly two miles is saved by a tunnel of 250 feet in length. The third and fourth are within six miles of Cumberland, where two bends are cut across by the route with a considerable lessening of distance. In advancing westward from Hancock the line passes along the western base of Warm Spring Ridge, approaching within a couple of miles of the Berkely Springs, which are at the eastern foot of that ridge. It then sweeps around the termination of the Cacapon Mountain, opposite the remarkable and insulated eminence called the "Round Top." Thence the road proceeds to the crossing of the Great Cacapon River, nine and a half miles above Hancock, which is crossed by a bridge about 300 feet in length. Within the next mile it passes dam No. 6 of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and soon after, it enters the gap of Sideling Hill, that famous bug- bear of the traveler, which on the National Turnpike opposes such a formidable barrier to his journey, but which here is unnoticed ex- cept in the fine profile which it exhibits on each side of the river, as it declines rapidly to the water level. In the gap of this mountain are the coal veins which the late R. Caton, Esq., with that zeal which always distinguished his researches in this branch of practical geology, endeavored to turn to profitable account. The slack water of the Canal dam extends some two miles above Sideling Hill. The next point of interest reached is the Tunnel at Doe Gulley. The approaches to this formidable w^ork are very imposing, as for several miles above and below the tunnel they cause the road to oc- cupy a high level on the slopes of the river hills, and thus afford an extensive view of the grand mountain scenery around. The tunnel is, as before mentioned, about a quarter of a mile in length, through a compact slate rock, which is arched with brick to preserve it from future disintegration by atmospheric action. The fronts or facades of the arch are of a fine white sand-stone, procured from the summit of the neighboring mountain. The width of the opening within the brick work of the arch is 21 feet, and the height 20|, affording room for two tracks. The height of the hill above the roof of the tunnel is 110 feet. The excavation and embankments adjacent are very heavy, and consist of the slate rock through which the tunnel is cut. 430 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. M. W. KING. W. n. UALLICK. 466 & 468 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. Pivot Revolving Chairs, i\l IIUIULUIIU VUt. SELF-ACTING EXTENSION RECUMBENT CHAIRS, Improved Invalid Wheel Chairs, BRANCH READING AND WRITING DESKS, And every variety of Mechanical Chairs for com- fort and convenience. i;3f°°Also, by permission, manufacturers of MA- JOR SKARLE'S (U. S. A.) TRAVELING IN- VALID CHAIR. If^^^Fashionable Cabinet Furniture made to order. WOMDERFUL DISCO VEEY! HAIR! HAIR! HAIR! KNIG-HT & CO. 341 BROADWAY, NEW YORK J Have prepared awash for the Hair, called Hair Regenerator, which they will warrant to restore the grey hair of any person, old or young, to the natural and original color, and produce an entire 7iew growth, even where the head is bald . The above has been fully tested and needs no long puffing, but will do its work, which is the best recommendation it can have ; try it, and you will then aclcnowledge that vou have at last found something liesides humhiaigery. Price $1 per bottle; $5 for six bottles. Sold only by us, 341 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. The following are testimonials from numerous New Yorlc newspapers : "We are very skeptical as to the merits of Hair Regenerators, and have studiously avoided recom- mending any nostrums emanaling from perfumers ; but we are open to conviction, and having wit- nessed in our own families the extraordinary virtues of Knight & Go's Regenerator, we embrace this opportunity of making a public avowal of its excellence as a permanent restorer. No person, with weak or grey hair, or bald pate should neglect securing so inestimable a prize — remembering that Knight & Co. are Chemists as well as Perfumers." — Mercantile Guide. "Being personally acquainted with Mr. Knight, we have had many opportunities of observing the operation of his Regenerator, h.aveused it in our own family, and have seen it used among our friends in numerous instances, and in every case it has proved entirely satisfactory." — Nev} York Dutchman. "The above remark is decidedly true respecting the properties of the HAIR REGENERATOR, as the writer of this knows from experience. It should be remembered that it does not act as a dye to the hair, but restores the original color, after rei)eated applications. In fact, it will not fail of success if the direclia" . The increased reputation and great demand for Thorn's Compound Extract of Copaiba and Sarsaparilla, have been inducements for others to offer an imitation of this valuable medicine. Venders are particularly warned of this fact, that Ihcy may be on theirguard,and not dispose of an im- pure article calculated to injure their reputation, and destroy the merits of the original preparation : to obviate which the subscriber, (by whom it was first introduced into the United States,) has attached his signature to this caution, to counterfeit which is forgery. JOHN A. TARRANT, Successor to JAMKS TARUAIVT. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 433 tomac is crossed by a viaduct 700 feet long, and rising in a succes- sion of steps — embracing also a crossing of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. This extensive bridge carries us out of Virginia and lands us once more in Old Maryland, which we left at Harper's Fer- ry, and kept out of for a distance of 91 miles. The route thence to Cumberland is across two bends of the river, between which the stream of Evett's Creek is crossed by a viaduct of 100 feet span. The entrance to the town of Cumberland is beautiful, and displays the noble amphitheatre in which it lies to great advantage — the gap of Will's Mountain, westward of the town, being a justly prominent feature of the view. The Company's depot in Cumberland is in a central position at the intersection of the Rail Road and National Turnpike.* The brick and stone viaduct over Well's Creek at Cumberland, is entitled to particular notice. It consists of fourteen elliptical arches of fifty feet span and thirteen feet rise, and is a well built and handsome structure. From Cumberland to Piedmont, twenty eight miles, the scenery is remarkably picturesque — perhaps more so than upon any other section of the road of similar length. For the first twenty-two miles to the mouth of New Creek, the Knobly mountain bounds the val- ley of the North Branch of the Potomac on the left, and Wills and Dan's mountains on the right ; thence to Piedmont the river lies in the gap which it has cut through the latter mountain. The following points may be specially noticed : The general direction of the road is south-west, for twenty-two miles, to the mouth of New Creek. The cliffs which occur at intervals during the first ten miles. The wide bottom lands extending for the next four miles, with some remarkably bold and beautiful mountain peaks in view. ** The Baltimore American of November 5tli, 1842, in its editorial notice of the opening of the road to Cumberland on the 3d of that month, says : " We cannot conclude our notice this morning without referring to the excel- lence of construction by which the new portion of the road (between Hancock and Cumberland) is distinguished. Every improvement which science has brought to this department of engineering, has been successfully used by the Chief Engineer, Benjamin H. Latrobe, Esq., under the judicious dictation of his own genius and well matured experience. The President and Directors expressed the utmost sat- isfaction at the evidences of skill and masterly execution afiforded throughout the whole route." 55 434 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. THE GREAT s^ ^ ORACE w^at: 333 BROADWAY, The most celebrated PIANOS and MELODEONS in the United States, in larger assoi'tment and at a less price tlian can be found elsewhere, consisting of every variety of Modern Style, from the most richly Carved Case, Carved Legs, Carved Lyre, and Case Inlaid with Pearl and Pearl Keys, to those of the plainest finish. T. GILBERT & GO'S PREMIUM PIANOS, with or without the celebrated ^0- LEON, with IRON frames, (adapting them to any climate,) and Circular Scales. HALLETT & CUMSTON'S PIANOS, (of the old firm of Hallett & Co.) HORACE WATERS' MODEL PIANOS, pronounced by the highest musical authorities in the Union to be equal to any of American manufacture, in Power, Brilliancy and Richness of Tone, Elasticity of Touch, Beauty and Durability of Make. PIANOS of several other celebrated BOSTON AND NEW YORK manufacture. ^^ SECOND-HAND PIANOS at great bargains. Prices from $40 to S. D. & H. W. SMITH'S well known MELODEONS, (tuned the equal tempera- ment, ) beautifully adapted to the use of the PARLOR, CHURCH, SCHOOL OR CLUB ROOMS, &c. MELODEONS of all other styles and prices. PRICES of DiSerent Makes $45, $60, $75, $100, $115, $125, $130, $150, $200. .,^®*-Each Instrument guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. .:^l~ Clergymen, Churches, Schools, Clubs, &c., supplied with Pianos and Melo- deons at a large discount. .^^&~A11 forwarding their orders for Instruments will be as well and fairly dealt by as though personally present. The Choice Musical productions of the fifst EUROPEAN and AMERICAN COM- POSERS published daily. A large assortment of all Foreign and American MUSIC, constantly in Store. THOMAS BAKER, LEADER OF JULLIEN'S BAND, and Arranger of Jullien's Popular "Repertoire" of Dance Music for the Piano, and for a number of years Man- ager of the publishing department of the great Music House of JULLIEN & CHAP- PELLS, LONDON, and at present Musical Director and Conductor at the English Opera at Nihlo's, hns assumed the chargeof the Publishing Department of this House, and the musical public have the assurance of being enabled to procure the CHOICEST MUSICAL GEMS, published in the most approved and perfect manner. JSiT-Music sent by mail post paid. General and Select CATALOGUES and Schedule of Retail Prices of Instruments sent to any address free of charge. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 435 The high rocky bluffs along Fort Hill, and the grand mural pre- cipice opposite to them, on the Virginia shore, immediately below the " Black Oak Bottom," a celebrated farm embracing five hun- dred acres in a single plain, between mountains of great height. The " Chimney Hole Rock," at the termination of Fort Hill, a singular crag, through the base of which the Railroad Company have driven a tunnel under the road to answer the purpose of a bridge for several streams entering the river at that point. The crossing of the Potomac from the Maryland to the Virginia shore, twenty-one miles from Cumberland, where the railroad, after passing through a long and deep excavation, spans the river by a bridge of timber and iron, on stone abutments and a pier. The view at this point, both up and down the river, is very fine. The bridge is a noble structure, roofed and weather-boarded. It has two spans of one hundred and sixty feet each, making the total length three hundred and twenty feet. On the west end are the words "Potomac Bridge, 1851 ; designed by B. H. Latrobe, Chief Engineer; Executed by A. Fink, Assistant Engineer; J. C. Davis, Carpenter." ■ The " Bull's Head Rock," a mile beyond this point the Railroad, having cut through the neck, has left the head standing, a bold block of rock breasting the river, which dashes hard against it. Imme- diately on the other side of the cut made by the Railroad through the neck, rises a conical hill of great height. The mouth of New Creek, where there is a beautiful plain of a mile or more in length, and opposite to which is a long promontory of " Pine Hill," ter- minating in " Queen's Cliff," on the Maryland side of the river. The profile and pass of Dan's Mountain is seen in bold relief to the north-west, to which direction the road now changes its course. The road skirts the foot of " Thunder Hill," and winds along the river margin, bounded by Dan's Mountain and its steep spurs, for seven miles, up to Piedmont. The current of the river is much more rapid here than below, and islands are more frequent. Piedmont — a flat of limited extent, opposite the small but ancient village of Westernport, at the mouth of George's Creek. The plan of the engine house at this point was suggested by the Chief Engi- neer, Mr. Latrobe, and the design admirably carried out by Mr. AK bert Fink, Assistant Engineer. It is shaped very much like a mar- quee and is arranged to hold sixteen engines, and cost between $12,000 and ^13,000. 436 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. SHELDON COLLINS, MANUFACTURER OF ;s?M mm mT! mm\k FOR WOOD CDT AND CARD PRINTING. Book and News Ink, OI^ STJ3PESH.IOH. C^XJ-A-XjIT-JT. ALSO, lljlllH o UN BRONZES, &c. No. 69 GOLD STREET, GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 437 West of Piedmont the road ascends seventeen miles by a grade, of which eleven miles is at the rate of one hundred and sixteen feet per mile, to the " Altamont" Summit. The points worthy of notice in this distance are : The stone viaduct of three arches, of fifty-six feet span, over the Potomac river, where the road re-crosses into Maryland. It is a substantial and handsome structure, and elevated fifty feet above the water. The road then winds, for five miles, up the valley of Savage River, passing the " Everett " Tunnel, of three hundred feet in length, and thirty-two miles from Cumberland. This tunnel is se- cured by a brick arch. To this point the line was completed in July, 1851, and opened on the occasion of the " Piedmont" cele- bration. The winding of the road up the mountain side, along Sav- age river, gradually increases its elevation until it attains a height of two hundred feet above the water, and placing us far above the tops of the trees growing in the valley, or rather deep ravine, on our right, presents a grand view. The mouth of Crab-Tree Creek, where the road turns the flank of the Great Back-bone Mountain — from this point the view up Sav- age River to the north, and Crab-Tree Creek to the south-west, is magnificent ; the latter presenting a vista of several miles up a deep gorge gradually growing narrower — the former a bird's-eye view of a deep, winding trough bounded by mountain ridges of great eleva- tion. Three miles up Crab-Tree Creek is an excavation one hundred and eight feet deep, through a rocky spur of the mountain. About five miles from its mouth, Crab-Tree Creek is first crossed by the road on an embankment of sixty-seven feet in height, and af- ter that several times at reduced elevations, until in two miles more the forks of the creek are reached at the " S wanton " level, where are the remains of an abandoned clearing and an old mill. Here also the old Cumberland and Clarksburg road crosses, the first wa- gon road of the country after the pack-horse had given place to the wheeled vehicle. All the way up Savage River and Crab-Tree Creek, eleven miles to this point, the road is hung upon the rugged and uncultivated mountain side — but from Swanton to the Altamont Summit, three or four miles, it ascends along the flat bottom of a beautiful valley of gentle slopes, passing one or two pretty farms. " Altamont," the culminating point of the line, at a height of 438 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. T IN BARS, BAIiIiS AND CAKES, IN IMMENSE VARIETY. •NOSX[HOr WAV AS aaJLKaAKI asn Ki xsaa anx, 9NIAVHS 311 .S ^ CO -t-' CO 3 f» » Gallery, Dressing and Operating Rooms on one floor. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 443 the road wiads along a precipitous slope with heavy cuting, filling and walling, to " Buckhorn Branch," a wide and deep cove on the western flank of the [mountain. This is crossed by a solid em- bankment and retaining wall, ninety feet high at its most elevated point. Some half a mile further, after more heavy cuts and fills, the road at length leaves the declivity of the river, which, where we see it for the last time, lies five hundred feet below us, and turns westward through a low gap, which admits it by a moderate cutting, follow^ed soon, however, by a deep and long one through Cassidy's Summit Ridge to the table land of the country bordering Cheat River on the west. Here, at eighty miles from Cumberland, we enter the great western coal fields, having passed out of the Cum- berland field at thirty-five miles from that place. The intermediate space, although without coal, will be readily supplied from the ad- jacent coal basins. Desending somewhat from Cassidy's Ridge, and passing by a high embankment over the Brushy Fork of Pringle's Run, the line soon reaches the Kingwood Tunnel, of 4,100 feet in length, the longest finished tunnel in America, and which was built by Messrs. Lemmon, Gorman, and Clark & McMahon, contractors. It is through a compact slate rock, overlaid in part by a good limestone roof, and for the rest of its length it is supported by timbering pre- liminary to brick arching. There are two long deep cuts at each end of the tunnel. It was worked from the two ends, and from three shafts fifteen by twenty feet square and one hundred and eighty feet deep. The greatest height of the ridge over the tunnel is two hun- dred and twenty feet. The time employed on the work was about two years and eight months, and the number of cubic yards re- moved from the tunnel was about 90,000, together wdth about 110,- 000 yards of earth and rock outside the tunnel, making some 200,- 000 yards in all. The tunnel has been named from Kingwood, the county seat of Preston county, Virginia, which stands a few miles off on the same ridge. The tunnel not having been finished in time to permit the transportation of the iron rails through it, a track was laid over the top of the hill, at a grade of upwards of five hundred feet per mile, over which the materials were taken by a locomotive engine, which propelled a single car at a time, weighing with its load thirteen tons, at a speed of ten miles per hour and upwards. When the track was rendered slippery, however, by moisture, the engine and its load occasionally slid backward, and more than once 444 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. E. R. DUHKEE, PROPRIETOR AND MANUFACTURER OF ^^p^^^^ "TK^^^^ "^^I^^Tfc •■wi»«3pi» ^^^^^^^B mm IW OR BAKING POWDER, AND FLAVORING EXTRACTS. WHOLESALE DEALER IN mm mm m^ mmi%^ ^mmHf, SAl SODA, CBEAM MTAB, SUPER CABBOXATE OF SODA, REFINED PEARLASH, SALERATUS, AND ARTICLES OP DRUGS USUALLY SOLD BY GROCERS. Offices, 137 & 139 T^ater Street, am'® i^^ii.a.;a THOMAS H. BATE FIRST PREMIUM AWARDED FOR NEAR NASSAU STREET, ^v GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 445 ran in this way, with locked wheels, nearly half a mile down to the bottom of the grade — without damage however. This, we believe, is the most extraordinary display of locomotive steam power on record. Leaving Kingwood Tunnel, the line for five miles descends along a steep hill-side to the flats of Raccoon Creek, at Simpson's. In this distance, it lies high above the valley, and crosses a branch of it with an embankment one hundred feet in elevation. There are two other heavy fills further on. Two miles west of the Kingwood Tunnel, is Murray's Tunnel, two hundred and fifty feet long, a regu- lar and beautiful semi-circular arch cut out of a fine solid sand-stone rock, overlaying a vein of coal six feet thick, which is seen on the floor of the tunnel. From Simpson's, westward, the route pursues the valleys of Rac- coon and Three Forks Creeks, which present no features of diffi- culty to the mouth of the latter, one hundred and one miles from Cumberland, at the Tygait's Valley River, where the railroad to Parkersburg will diverge from that to Wheeling. The distance to these two places (which are ninety miles apart on the Ohio river) will be nearly equal, being one hundred and four miles to the former, and ninety-nine to the latter. Fetterman, a promising looking village, two miles west of the last point, and one hundred and three and a half miles from Cumber- land. Here the Turnpike to Parkersburg and Marietta crosses the river. The route from Fetterman to Fairmont has but one very striking feature. The Tygart's Valley River, whose margin it fol- lows, is a beautiful and winding stream, of gentle current, except at the Falls, where the river descends, principally by three or four perpendicular pitches, some seventy feet in about a mile. A mile and a half above Fairmont the Tygart's Valley River and the West Fork River unite to form the Monongahela, the first being the larger of the two confluents. A quarter of a mile below their junction, the railroad crosses the Monongahela, upon a viaduct six hundred and fifty feet long and thirty-nine feet above low water surface. The lofty and massive abutments of this bridge support an iron superstructure of three arches of two hundred feet span each, and which forms the largest iron bridge in America. It is designed by Mr. Kink, whose name deserves such favorable mention in connection with the architecture of the road, and whose works are alike worthy of him and his able preceptor, Benjamin H. Latrobe. 446 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. IE* -A. "3? lES 3>a" T MANUFACTURED ONLY BY THE NORTH AMERICAN GUTTA PERCHA COMPANY, 102 BROADWAY & No. 1 PINE STREET, ^ IB w ^ 1^ i;a * These fabrics, since their first introduction to the public, (almost two years since, ) have been fully tested, and the result has proved them to possess all the qualities requisite to make a perfect article. The inherent toughness, close grain, fine texture, brilliant lustre, lightness, elas- ticity, beauty of finish, freedom from unpleasant odor, proof against the injurious action of acids, oils, grease ; non-conducting properties of heat, cold and electricity ; while, unlike India Rubber, they \Will not l^ecompose unil become Sticky^ Benders them at once the cheapest and most desirajjle WATER PROOF GOODS yet introduced. WATER^^p¥ooY CLOTHING, &c. BEAUTIFUL AND CHEAP, COMPRISING IN PART Officers' Coats, Storm Coats, Pea Coats, Sacli. Coats, JJlonUey Jackets, Short Sacks, Reeiiiig Jackets, Firemen's Coats, Navy Coats, Capes Si Sleeves, AND Capes, plain. Cadet Capes, Kabaiis, Talmas, Cloaks, Plantation Capes, IVegro Frocks, Sotitliivesters, Pilot Hats, Hussar Caps, HUNDREDS OF Sportmen's Caps, Pliyslcians' Capes, Pantaloons, Baptismal pants, Ponclios Si Serapas, Overalls, Legglns, Aprons, Boots and Slioes, Camp Blankets, Knapsack*, Haversacks, ' Horse Covers, Carriage Cloths, Piano ClotIi8,j Syringes, Bathing Mats, Valises, Table Covers, Crumb Cloths, Acid Vats, OTHER ARTICLES. TRADE MARK. OAUTIOH. Base imitations of these Goods, made of varnished India Rubber, are already being offered in the market ; therefore purchasers should bear in mind that all ofenu- ine Goods bear the above trade mark of the company, to counterfeit ichich is a felony. HIGHEST MEDAL Of World's Fair and Gold Medal of American Institute, aivarded for these Goods. Orders with cash remittances, or known credit, either foreign or domestic, will be executed with fidelity and dispatch. All goods to be specially manufactured should be accompanied with drawings and fall descriptions. ^ ht a /-i t» r^^ WILLIAM RIDER, President N. A. G. P. Co. S:^ For Recommendations, see page 448. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 447 The road, a mile and a half below Fairmont, leaves the valley of the beautiful Monongahela and ascends the winding and picturesque ravine of Buffalo Creek, a stream some twenty-five miles in length. The creek is first crossed five miles west of Fairmont, and again at two points a short distance apart, and about nine miles further west. The bridges are of timber stringers, trussed with cast-iron posts and cross-ties, and wrought iron bars, and, lying under the rails, make no show from the cars as you pass, but when examined are found to display a remarkable combination of lightness and strength. About eleven miles beyond Fairmont we pass the small hamlet of Farm- ington, and seven or eight miles further is the thriving village of " Mannington," at the mouth of Piles' Fork of Buffalo. There is a beautiful flat here on both sides of the stream, affording room for a town of some size, and surrounded by hills of a most agreeable aspect. Thence to the head of Piles' Fork, the road traverses at first a narrow and serpentine gorge, with five bridges at different points, after which it courses with more gentle curvatures along a wider and moderately winding valley, with meadow land of one or two hundred yards broad on one or other margin. Numerous tribu- taries open out pretty vistas on either hand. This part of the val- ley, in its summer dress, is singularly beautiful. After reaching its head at Glover's Gap, twenty-eight miles beyond Firmont, the road passes the ridge by deep cuts, and a tunnel three hundred and fifty feet long, of curious shape, forming a sort of Moorish arch in its roof. From this summit, (which divides the waters of the Monon- gahela from those of the Ohio,) the line descends by Church's Fork of Fish Creek, — a valley of the same general features with the one just passed on the eastern side of the ridge. Passing the " Burton" Station, where there is an engine house and dwelling, and a reser- voir dam a little way off for supplying the water-tanks in the dry season, the route continues down stream, and at the crossing of a tributary called " Cappo Fork," four miles from Glover's Gap, is the residence of Mr. Church, from which the creek derives its name. This place has been appropriately called " Old Hundred," from the age of its proprietor, who has just turned his 102d year, and is still enjoying good health and the powers of locomotion. The road now becomes winding, and in the next four miles we cross the creek eight times by bridges of a pattern similar to those described above. We also pass Sole's Tunnel, one hundred and twelve feet, Eaton's Tunnel, three hundred and seventy feet, and 448 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. H -A. T" XS S -A. X I> or" RIDER'S PATENT VULCANIZED GUTTA PERCHA GOODS. [From the New York Daily Express.] GuTTA Percha — The use of which has been hitherto re- stricted by its non-elasticity, rigidity, and too great sus- ceptibility to heat — can now, under the patent of Mr. Ri- der, owned by the North-American Gutta Percha Com- pany, be endowed with permanent elasticity and flexibil- ity, rendered unsusceptible to heat and cold, and applied to all the purposes for which India Rubber has heretofore enjoyed the exclusive monopoly. Few inventions more strikingly illustrate the ingenuity of man. [From the Buffalo Eepublican, Buffalo, N. Y.] GcTTA Percha has come into the field, and is already having a great run, with every prospect of entirely su- perseding the use of India Rubber. The advantages of this wonderful material over India Rubber are, that it is more durable, free from disagreeable smell, and does not decompose and become sticky. From the vast variety of water-proof clothing and other articles being made by the North-American Gutta Percha Company of New York, it is plainly seen that Rubber must give way to Gutta Percha. [From the "Whitehall Chronicle, Whitehall, N. Y ] The manufacture of water-proof clothing, and many other articles, from Gutta Percha, under Rider's patent, by the North-American Gutta Percha Company, of New York, is carried on extensively. These articles do not get sticky like India Rubber when exposed to heat or friction, which certainly is very desirable to the consum- er, and which must give Gutta Percha the preference as it becomes known. [From the TJnited States Argus, N. Y.] Gutta Percha. — When India Rubber became an article of clothing, etc., there was no idea but that the ultima- *^:2S53S^a»' tum had been arrived at. Not so, however; for hardly had the article got well into notoriety, than it was immediately superseded by Gutta Percha, because there were evident inconveniences in the former which the latter is free from. Gutta Percha now stands pre-eminent, and Rider's Patent Vulcanized Gutta Percha is ahead of every thing in the line. [From the Republican and Argus.] We never expected to find a substitute tor India Kubber, but one has been recently found in the arti- cle of Gutta Percha. A mode of manufacture has been discovered by Mr. Kider, of New York, which gives Gutta Percha all the pliability and elasticity of India Rubber, without its unpleasant and objec- tionable qualities. [From the Westchester Ilerald, Sing Sing.] The manufacturers of India Rubber goods are having a formidable rival in Vulcanized Gutta Per- cha, under Rider's patent. The North-American Gutta Percha Company own this patent e.xclusively, and are making large quantities of clothing and other articles. [From the Memorial, Plymouth, Mass] The Messrs. Riders, of New York, long engaged in the Rubber manufacture, have discovered a mode of preparing Gutta Percha, which gives it all the pliability and elasticity of India Rubl)er— it converts Gutta Percha, which before was as'hard as wood, and little more than a curiosity, into one of the most beautiful of known water-proof substances. The discovery has been patented, and is now being worked, in the manufacture of clothmg and other goods, very extensively by the North-American Gutta Percha Company of New York. TESTIMONIALS may be seen at the Warehouse of the Company, highly approring of these goods, from Col. J. H. Eaton, U. S A.; Capt. H. 1). Hunter, U. 8. N.; Lieut. J. M. Fraily, U. S. N.; Capt. Marcy, U. S. A.; Col. Gray, of Mexican Boundary Survey; Capt. G. L. Smith, of clipper- ship Vulture ; Lieut. Fox, IT. S. N., and hundreds of others, who have actually tested the goods in ac- tual wear in different climates. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 449 Martin's Tunnel, one hundred and eighty feet long^—the first a low- browed opening, which looks as if it would knock off the smoke pipe of the engine ; the next a regular arched roof, and the third a tall narrow slit in the rock, lined with timbers lofty enough to be taken for part of a church steeple. The " Littleton" Station is reached just beyond, and here upon a long side track are ranged the ten locomotives designed to carry cars* over the Board Tree Tunnel, now close at hand. The road having thus far pursued the margin of the South Fork of Fish Creek, now gradually leaves it and winds upwards along the steep hill, slopes for about a mile and a half, constantly increasing its height above the stream and crossing the rocky chasm of Cliff Run, upwards of fifty feet above its bed. Shortly after, the route turns up the ravine of the "Board Tree Run," after passing through a high spur at its mouth by a formidable cut more than sixty feet deep through slate rock. Thence it ascends the eastern bank of the run just named, cutting and filling heavily along a precipitous hill side until it reaches the point forty-three miles West of Fairmont, where the temporary road leaves the permanent grade. You here see be- fore you the latter entering the approach cut at the eastern end of the tunnel, while the former begins to climb the hill on the East side of the cut, crossing several branch ravines and rising every moment higher and higher on the flank of the main ravine until you perceive the eastern portal far below you, and presenting a yawning chasm penetrating the bowels of the raountaiw, over the top of which you are being lifted by the tremendous power of the engine, which pushes the two passenger cars, (on one of which you are standing,) up the steep incline. The temporary road after leaving a point op- posite the mouth of the tunnel, turns into a hollow on the side of the ridge and soon reaches the first switch. Here the movement of the train is reversed, the engine pulling the cars backwards instead of pushing them forward as before. The second switch is soon ar- rived at, and the direction of the train again reversed — and the en- gine, with its train once more ahead, advances steadily to the sum- mit of the hill by a line winding around the head of the hollow just mentioned. There is a short level upon the summit, after passing which the road makes a notch in the sharp edge of the hill top at a " Tliis part of the description of the road was written on the occasion, of the opening to Wheeling, (January, 1858 ;) at this time (April 1st, 1853,) the tun- nel is constructed, and the mountain crossing avoided. 67 450 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS, REL7EA, CARTER & CO. Office, No. 5 William Street, New York. Messrs. RELYEA, CARTER & CO. beg leave to call the attention of the public to the above-named article, which has been analyzed by the most eminent Chemists and Physicians, and proved to be not only a harmless and pleasant drink, but also to possess p;reat medical qualities, and furthermore, to be superior to any article of that kind heretofore introduced into this or any other market. The greatest pains have been taken in the manufacturing of this article in Schiedam, under the direct superintendence of one of the above named gentlemen, whose sole business is to at- tend to the manufacturing and shipment of the goods from Holland. II^DRUGGISTS, and others engaged in the trade, who wish to examine it, can obtain samples at our office, where all communications and orders must be addressed, as we have no agent in this or any other city. RELYEA, CARTER & CO. Office No. 5 William Street, New York. WILLIAM G-EE, MANUFACTURER OF THE PRIMIUM SODA WATER APPARATUS, BSASS FINISHER AND MACHINIST, No. 58 FULTON STHEET, Vt^VT ITORE. ALSO MANUFACTURER OF THE Fremium Self-Acting Generators, AT THE SODA "WATER APPARATUS MANUFACTORT, 58 Fulton Street, Third Floor, New York. JI@^Drauglit Tubes, Coolers in Tubs, Copper Fountains, Bot- tle Moulds, Force Pumps, Gasometers, Generators, and Model Making. Jobbing done at the Shortest Notice. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 451 little depression therein, and descends on the western side to the third switch. The view from this summit is very grand, looking right down to the termination of the approach cut at the western portal of the tunnel, into which you think you could leap at a sin- gle bound. The temporary road now runs downwards on the West, backing to and fro upon the western escarpment of the ridge and passes in these zig-zags, the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th switches, the direction of the train being reversed, and the engine pulling and pushing alter- nately at each of them. The last switch being passed, the road de- scends by a very direct line along the western side of the approach cut of the permanent grade, which it reaches at length in the bed of Raccoon Run, the stream falling into the North Fork of Fish Creek, from the western side of the summit. There are two switches on the East and five on the West side of the ridge, the latter being the most precipitous, and requiring therefore the most manoeuvring to descend. The distance over the mountain by the temporary road is 12,000 feet, just twice the distance through the hill by the Perma- nent grade. The length of the tunnel is 2,350 feet. The ascent of the different planes varies from two hundred and ninety-three to three hundred and forty feet per mile according to the curvature, and their grades were so arranged as to permit the engine to propel two loaded cars (or twenty-five tons gross) upon them. At the crossing of the mountain over the Kingwood Tunnel previous to the completion of that work in 1853, the grade was upwards of five hun- dred feet per mile, and but one car, or twelve and a half tons, was the load. The engines and car on this latter grade were moreover liable to the risk of sliding down the grade with locked wheels, an accident which could not happen on the Board Tree Tunnel grades. Hence, although the total height of the hill at the latter place is three hundred feet, being eighty feet more than at the other, the use of the switches has permitted the reduction of the grades so as to double the loads carried, and diminish the risk correspondingly. The crossing of this ridge, in the manner described, is a great achievement in engineering science. It was made necessary by the delay ^in the completion of the tunnel, occasioned by sundry causes beyond control, and has thus been the means of illustrating a mode of surmounting ridges, which has been heretofore employed, but never under circumstances such as the present. The sight of so many locomotives toiling up the hill, one after another, upon the dif- =11 452 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. A. "W. G-AY & CO. MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN WARNER'S PATENT SUCTION, FORCING AND ANThFREEZING GARDES m FIRE EMIS, SUCTION PIPE, BOSE, &c. 1^ This is the most SIMPLE, DURABLE, POWERFUL and CHEAPEST PUMP in use, either for Wells, Factories, Steamboats, Vessels, Mines, &c. &c. It has taken the First Pre- mium Twice at the New York State Agricultural Fair ; Twice at the American Institute Fairs; at the Franklin Institute, Penn- sylvania ; the Maryland Institute at Baltimore, and innumera- ble others. JI@°'See next page for Recommendations. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 453 ferent levels, was novel and exciting in a high degree, and not the less so from the darkness of the night, (on the opening trip 11th January, 1853,) which made their changing position visible only, by the clouds of fire and steam which marked their tracks. The pas- sage over the tunnel by daylight is equally interesting. Leaving Board Tree Tunnel, the line descends along the hill side of the North Fork of Fish Creek, crossing ravines and spurs by deep fillings and cuttings, and reaching the level of the flats bordering the creek at Bell's Mill ; soon after which it crosses the creek and as- cends Hart's Run and Four Mile Run to the Welling Tunnel, fifty miles west of Fairmont, and twenty-eight from Wheeling. This tunnel is 1,250 feet long, and pierces the ridge between Fish Creek and Grave Creek. It is through slate rock like the Board Tree Tunnel, and is substantially propped with timbers. From the Welling Tunnel the line pursues the valley of Grave Creek seventeen miles to its mouth at the Flats of Grave Creek on the Ohio River, eleven miles below Wheeling. The first five miles of the ravine of Grave Creek is of gentle curvature and open as- pect, like the others already mentioned. Afterwards it becomes very sinuous, and the stream requires to be bridged eight times. There are also several deep cuts through sharp ridges in the bends of the creek, and one tunnel four hundred feet long at Sheppard's, nineteen miles from Wheeling. The approach to the bank of the Ohio River at the village of Moundsville, is very beautiful. The line emerging from the defile of Grave Creek, passes straight over the " flats" which border the river, and forming a vast rolling plain, in the middle of which looms up the " great Indian mound," eighty feet high and two hundred feet broad at its base. There is also the separate village of Eliza- bethtown, half a mile from the river bank, the mound standino- be- tween two towns and looking down upon them both. The " flats" embrace an area of some 4,000 acres, about three-fourths of which lies on the Virginia, and the remaining fourth on the Ohio side of the river. The soil is fertile and well cultivated, and the spot pos- sesses great interest, whether for its agricultural richness, its his- toric monuments of past ages, or the beauty of its shape and posi- tion as the site for a large city. About three miles up the river from Moundsville, the " flats" terminate, and the road passes for a mile along rocky narrows washed by the river, after which it runs over wide, rich and beauti- 454 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. A. VT. G-AY & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF WARNER'S PREMIUM PUMPS, ALSO, liSf'S DIIBII mm lYiMIlIC 111, Sales Hoom 118 Maiden Lane, Where a farmer desires to have a pump in his well, which besides supplying his family and stock with water, will answer for a fire-engine when connected with a hose and pipe ; he cannot have a pump better suited to his purposes than this one..— Report of the Committee at the N. Y. State Agri- cultural Fair, Saratoga, 1853. 1 believe it to be the best force pump for vessels that I have ever seen.— C H. Mallory, Mystic, Conn. We have Warner's Patent Force Pumps on the Steamers " Hero," and "Buffalo," and after a thor- ough trial for one season, we can cheerfully recommend them for steamboat use, and believe them to be as good and cheap a pump as can be found.— J. W. Hancox, Owner of Steamboats " Hero," and ^'•Buffalo." May 7, 1854. For mining purposes, I cheerfully certify that it is as good as the best, and much cheaper than any other of the capacity and power. — Cuaeles H. Scott, Machinist and JSngineer. AT YONKERS, 17 miles from New York. OF CANAL STREET, (North River,) NEW YORK. :FL. 33 jAi. 3ES. 3V 30 I@ . GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 455 ful bottom lands all the way to Wheeling, Two and a half miles below Wheeling Creek the Company's " outer station" is located, and is graded ready for the erection of the required buildings. For the present an engine house and work shops are being built at a suitable spot, about a mile below the creek, where the line reaches the immediate bank of the river and thence follows it along " Water street" to the " inner station." This last is on the north bank of Wheeling Creek as required by the charter. The " inner station" comprises a height house with four tracks, ninety-four feet wide and 340 feet long, a passenger hall of sixty feet front and forty- five depth, with a shed roof extending back over the bridge, and making the entire length of the passenger building 360 feet ; all these buildings being on the North side of the creek. On the South side of the creek and adjoining the abutments of the bridge, will be a house for the shelter of passenger engines and cars, which will complete the establishment of this Station. Although well planned and possess- ing a considerable capacity for business, this "inner station" is not expected to accommodate the whole trade, which will be carried on at the warehouses of the merchants of the city, to which tracks can be conveniently extended, and where the cars will be loaded and un- loaded — thus diffusing the' benefits of the road through the commer- cial part of the city, and along the full water front which is com- manded by the Railroad for upwards of a mile. The live stock seeking the Wheeling terminus for transportation will be received into the trains at the "outer station," where it can be most con- veniently loaded. The whole length of the road to Wheehng is seventy-eight miles from Fairmont, two hundred and one miles from Cumberland, and three hundred and eighty miles from Baltimore. The fact that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is one of the great- est and most important iron thoroughfares in the country is no longer questioned, while it is becoming as noted for the skill and superiority of its management generally ; and it may not be going too far to say, that in such hands as William G. Harrison, John H. Doane, W. P. Smith, and others, the Company will continue to prosper and gain the confidence of the traveling public and a repu- tation for themselves. We rejoice to note the prosperity and un- surpassed management of this great enterprise, and had we time and space we would with pleasure say more. — [Editor. 456 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. n. O. PINNEO. E. C. CHAPIN. G. n. 8ANF0ED. 76 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK. PINNEO & CO. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF FEATHERS. FLOWERS. LACES, &C. 'J Are now receiving a Large and Complete Assortment of Which they are enabled to sell at the lowest prices, and on the most favorable terms. ^^" BUYERS of us may save one profit at least, as very nearly all our Goods are received direct from the Manufacturers in France. REMEMBER THE NUMBER, ■ZO CJ la. ^- 333. l3 o r js stiroot. First Door West of Broadway, opposite the Irving House, NEW 7 O R K . J. MANUFACTURERS OF HOifflOPATHlC CASE 11 SMPLE MLS, AND DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF DRUGGISTS AND APOTHECARIES' » No. 109 JOHN STREET, BETWEEN PEARL AND CLIFF STS.