^ PRICE, ONE DOLLAR. l0 Capitalists and £w A& v B E I N G A STATISTICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF THE ate of North Carolina, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ; TOGETHER WITH TERS OF PROMINENT CITIZENS OF THE STATE ., RELATION TO THE SOIL, CLIMATE, PRODUCTIONS, MINE- RALS, &C, AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE SWAMP LANDS OF THE STATE. PUBLISHED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA LAND CO. Copyright Secured. \ RALEIGH, N. C. : NICHOLS & GORMAN, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS. 1869. NORTH CAROLINA K . * T r -^ Land Lompany, ESTABLISHED FOE THE TRANSPORTATION and LOCATION OF Northern and European Settlers IN THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, FOR THE SALE OF EEAL ESTATE, Agricultural Implements, Machinery, &c, &c- —ALSO— Negotiate Loans on Mortgages and other Securities. Chartered by Act ol General Assembly, 1869 . OFFICERS: Geo. Little, President. k W. Best, Secretary. DIRECTORS: AT RALEIGH. Hon. R. W. Best, late Sec. of State. Col. Geo. Little, late U. S. Marshal. Geo. W". Swepson, Ral. Nat. Bank, R. Kingsland, late of N. Y. City. AT NEW YORK. A. J. Bleecker, Esq. AGENTS AT NEW YORK AND BOSTON. A. J. Bleecker, Son & Co., 77, Cedar Street. New York City. Principal Office— RALEIGH, IT. C. TO THE EEADEE. This publication has been gotten up at considerable expense and labor, at the instance and under the supervision of the North Carolina Land Company, which is composed of a number of intelligent, enterprising and respectable gentlemen of the States of New York and North Carolina. This Company has been established in this city for the purpose of aid- ing in the transportation and location of Northern and European settlers coming to North Carolina, and for the sale of lands of all descriptions, suited to the wants of the agriculturist, the vine and fruit grower, the truck farmer, the miner and manufacturer, as well as the sale of improved and unimproved lots in the towns and cities of the State, and to render all possible assistance to persons who desire to invest their funds in this State, judiciously. In order to furnish to persons desirous of coming to the State, the most reliable, general and statistical information, as a guide to investment and location, the Land Company has procured the services of gentlemen in no way interested personally in their enterprise, who, from long acquaintance and actual observation, were well qualified to give a brief but correct des- cription of every county. Besides this, they have procured a mass of valu- able information in the form of letters, from leading gentlemen who have held high public positions in the State, and whose thorough acquaintance with the subjects upon which they write, as well as their entire reliability remove all doubt as to the truthfulness and correctness of their state- ments. The whole, therefore, embodies an amount of information precisely suited to the wishes of all classes of persons who desire to seek a home, in one of the most highly favored portions of the earth, in climate, soil, natural advantages, capacity for improvement, population, &c. , which can- not be obtained from any other publication. Intelligent gentlemen who have made themselves acquainted by personal observation, with the population, climate, soil, productions and capacity for improvement of every portion of the United States, do not hesitate to declare, since the close of the rebellion, that the Southern States offer vastly superior inducements both for investment and location, to those of he Northwestern States and Territories, whither the tide of emigration has been so strongly tending in late years. Unprejudiced travellers who have visited North Carolina, after a short stay in the State, invariably express a preference for the Old North State, to that of any other. Thou- sands of her children, who in the spirit of money-making left the State years ago to try their fortunes in the West, South or North, are returning to their native soil, and thousands more are meditating a return when their circumstances will allow it. (4) The world does not possess any where a more quiet, peaceable, honest and frugal population, than the people of this State. Notwithstand- ing the devastation, ruin and demoralization of the late civil war, our peo- ple are rapidly returning to their old customs and labors. A more law- abiding people cannot be found. Foreigners and strangers who come among us to engage in the industrial and business professions of life and to pursue the arts of peace, are everywhere hailed with joy, and the aim and desire of our people generally, is to promote peace and quietude, enter- prise and prosperity among all classes, and to encourage and support wise laws and a good government, which give the greatest security and protec- tion to life, labor and property. The State covers an area of 34,000, 0C0 of acres, stretching nearly 500 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Tennessee line, and from 150 to 100 miles from the Virginia to the South Carolina and Georgia lines. Within this area there is almost every variety of soil and climate. Physically, the State is divided into three departments, differing in soil, climate and production. The Eastern division stretches along the Atlantic coast and nearly extends westwardly to a line drawn North and South through the Capital of the State. This section abounds in navigable sounds, rivers and creeks, in which fish are abundant. The shad and herring fisheries are sources of great profit. The soil is either rich loam, or sandy land, or extensive swamp rich lands. The sandy lands abound in pine forests, from which turpentine and tar are made ; are easily cultivated and improved ; are not naturally very productive ; but when improved give a profitable return in cotton, corn, potatoes (sweet), peas, pea-nuts, grapes and vegetables of all kinds. The rich lands, whether up-land or swamp, are very productive. Some of these lands produce a bale of picked cotton to the acre, or 75 to 100 bushels of Indian corn. This whole eastern section, is flat and damp, but will produce cotton and corn in great abundance, and is finely adapted to truck farming. The pine and cypress timber ©f this whole section is immensely valuable. The North-eastern counties are valuable for fisheries, fine cypress timber r and are equal to any for Indian corn, wheat, vineyards, &c. The middle and southern counties of this region, embrace the best cotton portions of the State, and are valuable for fisheries, timber, com, truck farming, pea- nuts, vineyards, &c, being contiguous to market by Rail Road and water communication. Like all low countries, it is subject to malarious diseases, such as bilious fever and ague and fever. Good drainage and proper care, however, make it a healthy and desirable region. It is perhaps superior to any section of the United States, in affording a good living for the smallest amount of labor. This region will become famous as a grape growing and wine making country. The middle or second department is undulating and hilly, growing more so as you approach the mountains. The eastern and southern counties of this department, abound in lands from ordinary to good, and are productive of cotton, corn, wheat, potatoes, fruits of all kinds, &c. They are generally very healthy, with good pure water, and intersected with Rail Roads. Mines of coal, iron, gold and copper are numerous, and water-power is (5) abundant for manufacturing. The northern and western counties of this department produce tobacco, corn, wheat and the grasses, finely. The Western department embraces the mountain region, which is capable of being made one of the finest grazing countries in the world. Horses, cattle, sheep and swine are raised in large numbers. As a wool growing region, it is very superior. Here, also, mines of gold, copper and iron abound and the water power is unsurpassed. It is a bleak but exceedingly healthy region, and Indian corn, wheat, rye, barley and fruits grow well. But for further and more specific information, we refer the reader to the description given of each County in the body of the work, and to the letters before alluded to. Besides the general character of our population, the salubrity of our climate, the variety, productiveness and improvability of our soil, our mining and manufacturing advantages and our Rail Roads, all well calculated to interest and invite the traveller, we can point to the educational advantages of the State with great pride. Besides the University of the State, there are five or six Male Colleges of high grade, together with a number of first class high schools and academies in full operation. In female education this State is not behind any in the liberality of its provisions. There are about twenty Female Colleges and High Schools in the State. Formerly the State pro- vided quite liberally for Common or Public School instruction for all the white children of the State. Under the new order of things, a still more liberal provision will be made for all the children of the State, without regard to color or condition. White and black will be, however, educated in separate schools. With this brief outline of the general characteristics of the State, we shall not longer detain the reader from the body of the work. The Editor. Raleigh, N. C, April 15, 1869. STA.TISTTCAJL AND DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF COUNTIES, id ALAMANCE. This county was taken from the western part of Orange county, in 1848. It lies in the middle tier of counties and is bounded N. by Caswell county, E. by Orange, S. by Chatham and W. by Guilford. Area, 500 square miles. Population 11,000. Farms, 923; acres improved, 98,250 ; acres unimproved, 115,000. Natural growth of trees: maple, white, red and chestnut oak, hickory and walnut. Annual products : corn, about 500,000 bushels ; wheat, 82,000 bushels; oats, 11,000 bushels; hay, 3,785 tons; cotton, 150 bales; tobacco, 15,000 pounds; butter, 100,000 pounds; fruits and vegetables, abundant. Stock: horses and mules, 3,335; cattle, 8,000; sheep, 8,500; hogs, 22,500. Schools: Col. Bingham's, at Mebanesville; Rev. Mr. Long's, and Rev. A. Currie's, at Graham; male and female academy at Company Shops, and others. Churches, 33. Lawyers, 3; doctors, 12; mills, 15; cotton factories, 5; post offices, 14. This county is watered by Saxapahaw river and Alamance, Mary's Bark and other creeks. The surface is undulating; soil, highly productive; farms good, and low grounds rich. The North Carolina Central Rail Road connecting the Eastern and Western portions of the State, runs through this county. Company Shops, where the North Carolina Rail Road has its offices and engine and car works, is a pretty place, and gives promise of great future prosperity. (8) Graham, the county seat, named after Gov. Graham, is about 58 miles west of Raleigh. ALEXANDER. This county was formed from Iredell, Wilkes and Caldwell counties in 1846. It is in the mountain region. Area, 300 square miles. Population, 6,250. It is drained by the Yadkin, Mitchell and Little Rivers and several creeks. Farms, 653; acres improved, 30,000; acres unimproved, 105,000. Annual products: corn, 165,000 bushels; wheat, 10,000 bush- els; rye and oats, 40,000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 30,000 bushels; peas and beans, 3,000 bushels; butter, 32,000 pounds; flax, 12,000 pounds; cotton, 15,000 pounds; wool, 15,- 000 pounds; honey and beeswax, 12,000 pounds. Native forests: oak, walnut, beach, maple, poplar and chestnut. Stock: horses and mules, 1,380; cattle, 3,599; sheep, 5,112; hogs, 10,056. Churches, 20. Schools: Cheoway Academy; York Institute; Elk Shoal Academy; United Baptist Institute and many others. Cotton factory, 1; mills, 14. Tanneries, several. This county is surrounded by mountains, and abounds in mineral springs, chiefly chalybeate and sulphur. Climate, healthy. Land productive. Taylorsvillb, the county seat, is 150 miles west from Raleigh. ALLEGHANY. This county, lately formed from the eastern part of Ashe, lies between the Blue Ridge and the Virginia line. Area, about 290 square miles. Churches, 16; ministers, 13; Lawyer, 1; College, Alleghany, at Gap Civil; Schools, at various points; post offices, 4; mills, 6; mines, in numerous places. Farms, 390. Annual products: corn, 100,000 bushels; wheat, 3,000 bush- els; rye and oats, 75,000 bushels; buckwheat, 3,000 bushels; pease, 12,000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 1,500 bushels; butter and cheese, 6,500 pounds; flax seed, 500 bushels; flax, 12,500 pounds; maple sugar, 5,000 pounds; tobacco, 2,500 pounds; wool, 14,000 pounds; honey and beeswax, 12,000 pounds; hay, 4,000 tons; fruits, in value, $500. (9) Trees, natural growth: white, Spanish and chestnut oaks, and black and white pine. Mountains: Fisher's Gap, Elk Spur, Lame Spring, Peach Bottom and Saddle. Rivers; New and Little. Creeks: Crab, Glade, Prather's, Elk, Chestnut, Brush, Big Pine and others. Climate, cool and healthy. Soil, good. Fine grazing country. Spaeta, the county seat, is about 200 miles from Raleigh. ANSON. This county, named from Admiral Anson of the British Navy, was formed in 1740, and extended at that time to the western limits of the State. Area, 650 square miles. Population, 13,000. Farms, 075; acres improved, 93,965; acres unimproved, 213,- 167. Annual products; corn, 500,000 bushels; wheat, 40,000 bushels; oats, 110,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 35,000 bushels; cotton, 4,000,000 pounds; wool, 12,000 pounds. Stock: horses and mules, 3,012; cattle, 11,452: sheep, 8,171; hogs, 23,000. Natural forest: oak, pine, walnut and hickory. Rivers: Rocky and Yadkin. Creeks: Brown's, Lane's, Guild's and Jones. Mills, 20; tanneries, 2; distilleries, 20; spirits manufactured, 1.500 gallons. Gold mine, Bailey's. Churches, 23; College, Carolina Female. Academies; Blanch's, Gum Spring, Lilesville, and Rocky Hill. Schools abundant. Soil fertile, surface unbroken. Cotton grows finely and is the chief market crop. People intelligent and many substantial planters. The Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherfordton Rail Road passes through the county. Wadesboro', the county seat, is about 120 miles south-west from Raleigh. ASHE. This county, named in honor of Gov. Ashe, was formed in 1799. Population, 7,000 Farms, 750; acres improved, 50,000; acres unimproved, 145,000. Annual products: corn, 110,000 bushels; wheat, 3,500 do; (10) oats, 100,000 do; pease, 1,500 do; buckwheat, 5,000 do; Irish potatoes, 2,500 do; butter, 95,000 pounds; maple sugar, 10,- 815 do; tobacco, 5,000 do; wool, 10,500 do; honey and bees- wax, 18,000 do; flax, 15,500 do; hay 5,000 tons. Stock: horses and mules, 1,500; cattle, 6,500; sheep, 4,500; hogs, 14,000. Forest: oak, hickory, maple, ash and walnut. Surface, mountainous. Soil, on hill sides and valleys, very productive. Climate, healthy. This county is at present without railroad facilities; therefore land is cheap. A fine grazing region. Jefferson the county seat, is about 200 miles northwest of Raleigh. BEAUFORT. This county, named for the Duke of Beaufort, lies in the Eastern part of the State. It was organized in 1741. Area, 600 square miles. Population, 12,500. Soil, very fertile. Farms, 594; acres improved, 30,760 ; acres unimproved, 180,981. Annual products: corn, 160,000 bushels; wheat, 7,000 bushels; oats, 6,000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 160,000 bushels; pease, 20,000 bushels; cotton, 1,000,000 pounds; tar, pitch and turpentine, 110,000 barrels; fish, 5,000 barrels; lumber, very large quantities. Stock : horses and mules, 1,150 ; cattle, 13,500 ; sheep, 8,250; hogs, 18,279. Trees, natural: cypress, juniper, long-leaf pine, oak, hick- ory and gum. There are in this county large tracts of swamp or poccosin lands, which, when cleared and cultivated, will produce from 50 to 100 bushels of corn, or from 400 to 500 pounds of lint cotton per acre. They may be had very cheap and offer great inducements to actual settlers. Washington, the county seat, lies at. the head of the Pamp- lico river, and is 120 miles east by south from Raleigh. Pop- ulation, about 2,000. It carries on a large export trade with New York and the West Indies. Other towns are Aurora and Bath. BERTIE. This county, which lies on the Albemarle Sound and between he Chowan and Roanoke rivers, was organized in 1733. (11) Area, 800 square miles. Population, 13,000. Doctors, 6; lawyers, 5; churches, 17; post offices, 6; mills, many; distilleries, (turpentine,) several. Farms, 524 ; acres improved, 92,600 ; acres unimproved, 203,803. Annual products: corn, 560,000 bushels; wheat, 3,000 bush- els; sweet potatoes, 100,000 bushels; pease, 90,000 bushels; cotton, 2,200,000 pounds; wool 12,000 pounds; fish, 25,000 barrels; hay, 35,000 tons. Stock: horses and mules, 2,297; cattle, 10,880; sheep, 6,654; hogs, 33,081. Native growth: long-leaf pine, juniper, cypress, oak and hickory. Pine and cypress timber valuable. Rivers: Roanoke, Chowan, Cashie and Cashoke. This county abounds in rich lands, of which the best are still covered with dense forest, offering great inducements to lumbermen. Fruits and vegetables grow here a month earlier than in New Jersey, and may be transported directly by water from the farm to New York. The fisheries of this county are sources of great profit. Cotton grows finely in Bertie. Windsor, the county seat, situated on the Cashie river, is 157 miles east from Raleigh. BLADEN. This county, which lies in the South-eastern part of the State, was formed in 1734. Area, 800 square miles. Population, 10,000. Doctors, 9; lawyers, 4; churches, 25; schools, number not known; mills, saw, 6; distilleries, turpentine, 6; manufactories, turpentine and tar, 40. Farms, 486; acres, improved, 47,608; acres, unimproved, 400,000. Annual products: corn, 200,000 bushels; wheat, 15,000 bushels; oats, 5,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 100,000 bushels; cotton, 60,000 pounds; wool, 7,500 pounds; rice, 75,000 pounds; pease, large quantities; turpentine, 15,000 barrels; lumber, value, $50J000. This is a very fertile county, capable of great development; and when its rich swamp lands are drained and cultivated, will produce ten fold more than it does at present. Lands cheap. The Wilmington, Charlotte and Ruth. Rail Road runs through it, and furnishes, in connection with its rivers and creeks, easy transportation to a good market at Wilmington. (12) Elizabeth Town, the county seat is situated on Cape Pear river, and is 60 miles from Wilmington, and about 90 miles Southeast from Raleigh. BRUNSWICK. This county, which lies in the extreme Southeastern part of the State, was organized in 1764. Surface, level. Soil, sandy. Area, 950 square miles. Population, 8,000. Lawyers, 4; churches, 23; post offices, 4; Academies, Way- man and Smith ville; Schools convenient; manufactories, tar and turpentine, 50. Farms, 385; acres improved, 18,500; acres unimproved, 247,600. Annual products: corn, 60,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 118,000 bushels; cotton, 10,000 pounds; wool, 3,000 pounds; rice, 3,000,000 pounds; lumber, value, $15,000; tar, pitch and turpentine, value $18,000; machines, rice, 6. Stock: horses and mules, 1,000; cattle, 8,500; sheep, 3,500; hogs, 12,525. Trees, natural: long-leaf pine, juniper, live oak and cypress. Green and Cypress Swamps abound in timber, and when cleared, ditched and cultivated, will yield most abundant crops. 200,000 acres of the best lands are for sale, and ojffer splen- did openings for capital, labor and skill. Smithville, the county seat, situated on the Elizabeth river, near the mouth of the Cape Fear river, in sight of the oceau, is 173 miles South-west of Raleigh. It is a place of fashionable summer resort. In the vicinity are Forts Johnson and Caswell. BUNCOMBE. This county, named for Col. Buncombe of Washington county, was organized in 1791. Area, 5,000 square miles. Population, 13,000. Ministers, 15; doctors, 14; lawyers, 19; churches, 20; mills, grist, 15; factories, &c, 6; newspapers, 2; post offices, 9. Farms, 1,250; acres, improved, 75,350; acres unimproved, 506,200. Annual products: corn, 50,000 bushels; wheat, 25,000 bush- els; oats and rye, 150,000 bushels; butter, 125,000 pounds; wool, 150.000 pounds; tobacco, 10,000; ginseng, value, €00; apples, peaches, Irish potatoes, &c, large quantities. (13) Stock: horses and mules, 3,708; cattle, 16,500; sheep. 14,000: hogs, 28,608. Native forest: hickory, oak, maple, ash and walnut. This county lies amid the ranges of the Blue Ridge, and is watered by the Swannanoa and French Broad Rivers, and by numerous creeks and mountain streams. It is one of the most salubrious portions of this continent. Mineral springs of great value abound. The soil, in the valleys and mountain sides, is very pioductive. Fruits and vegetables grow lux- uriantly. Apples weighing from 14 to 15 ounces are common. Lands vary from one dollar to fifty dollars per acre. Asheville, the county seat, is 250 miles from Raleigh. It is much visited by invalids from various parts of the State. The proposed route of the Western North Carolina Rail Road, which will connect Beaufort Harbor on the Atlantic ocean, with Tennessee, runs near Asheville, and. when com- pleted, will make it accessible to all portions of the land. BURKE. This county, named for Sir Edmund Burke, the great Eng- lish orator, was founded in 1777. Area, 400 square miles. Population 10,000. Doctors, 7; lawyers, 4; churches, 28; mills, 12; post offices, 4; schools, Morgan ton Academy, Rock Seminary, od lands in tins eo I be brought into are now cheap ' , hickory, maple, walnut and j Pittsboro' is the county scat EROKJ ed in 1839 from Macon, derives its name from a tribe of Indians, some of whom still remain. It i part of the State. The face of the county is mouu and picturesque. Area 700 squar< Population 6,000. Forests: maple, oak, hi6kory, ash, walnut, <£c. (18) Farms 450; 25,000 acres improved; 75,000 unimproved. Annual productions about, 205,000 bushels of corn; 3,000 bushels of wheat; 35,000 bushels of oats; 2,000 bushels of r ( ye; 25,000 bushels of sweet potatoes; 50,000 pounds of butter and cheese. Stock: 1,500 horses and mules; 6,500 cattle; 5,000 sheep; 12,000 hogs. Gold and iron are found. Churches 10; ministers 6; lawyers 2; doctors 4; grist mills 10; merchants 10; post offices 4. This county is watered by the Hiawassee, Valley and Not- ley rivers and a number of mountain streams. Its mines of flesh, colored marble, gold, copper, iron and silver, are to be developed at a future day, when rail roads penetrate the mountains. The soil is very rich, in the valleys and along the streams. Land is very cheap and abundant. A fine grazing county. Murphy is the county seat, it lies near the junction of Hia- wassee and Valley rivers, on the route of the Western Turnpike. CHOWAN. This county derived its charter from King Charles the II, and its name from an Indian tribe. It lies in the Northeastern part of the State and is watered by the Albemarle Sound and Chowan River. Area 250 square miles. Farms: 344; 40,000 acres improved; 52,000 unimproved. Stock: horses and mules, 1,200; cattle, 4,500; sheep, 2,500; hogs, 15,000. Annual products about 300,000 bushels of corn; 20,000 bushels wheat; 15,000 bushels oats; 150,000 pounds cotton; 20,000 barrels of fish; 95,000 bushels sweet potatoes; 35,000 bushels pease; 15,000 pounds butter and cheese; 1,670 tons of hay; 10,500 pounds rice. Churches 20; lawyers 5; doctors 7; grist mills 4. Academies: Edenton academy, Episcopal parochial school, and several others; postoffices, 3, It was from this county the first bag of cotton was shipped in July 1768. The Albemarle Sound Fisheries are large and very profita- ble. Some of the seines are drawn by mules and windlass, and are said to be two miles in length. The quantity of shad, herring, rock and other fish caught in these waters is immense. This county possesses great water facilities. Sail vessels and steamboats navigate the Sound and rivers. A Rail Road (19) is projected from Edenton to Suffolk, Ya. The winters are mild, stock need but little wintering and can be raised in large •quantities. Timber: pitch pine, gum, oak, cypress, juniper and cedar. The lands are fertile, and produce corn, wheat and cotton finely. Edenton, the county seat, settled in 1716, and has been the abode of wealth and refinement. Distance from Raleigh 150 miles. CLAY. This county was lately organized from the southern part of Cherokee. Area, 250 square miles. Population, 3,000. Annual products: corn, 50,000 bushels; wheat, 1,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 10,000 bushels; Mines: gold, silver, copper and iron. Natural growth of timber: oak, hickory, chesnut, &c. Lands abundant and cheap. A fine grazing region. Fort Hembrie, the county seat, is 360 miles west from Raleigh. CLEAVELAND. This county was organized out of Lincoln and Rutherford in 1840. Area, 650 square miles. Population, 12,500. Doctors, 6; lawyers, 4; churches, 30; mills: grist, 10; saw, 4; paper, 1; Tanneries, 5; Iron forges, 3. Farms, 961; acres improved, 62,000; unimproved, 186,500. Annual products: corn, 450,000 bushels; wheat, 36,000 bushels; oats and rye, 65,000 bushels; pease, 5,000 bushels; but- ter and cheese, 100,000 pounds; cotton, 200,000 pounds; wool, 15,000 pounds; flax, 2,000 pounds; tobacco, 6,000 pounds; honey and beeswax, 10,00 pounds. Stock: horses and mules, 3,500; cattle, 7,500; sheep, 8,000; hogs, 16,500. Native growth: pine, chestnut, oak, hickory, &c. Shelby, the county seat, is 190 miles south by west from Raleigh. The Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherford Railroad runs through this county. (20) COLUMBUS. Was organized "in 1808 and named after Columbus, the great discoverer. Surface, level; soil sandy on the ridges, rich, near and on the water courses. It is drained by the Waccamaw, and Lum- ber rivers, White Gum and Beaver creeks. Area, 600 square miles. Population, 9,000 Annual products: 2,000 bushels wheat; 200,000 bushels corn; 5,000 bushels oats and rye; 200,000 bushels sweet potatoes; 5,000 bushels peas; 16,000 pounds butter and cheese; 2,000 barrels turpentine; $20,000 worth of lumber; 50,000 pounds cotton; 8,000 pounds wool. Farms, 400 ; 26,000 acres improved; 262,000 acres unim- proved. Stock: 750 horses and mules; 10,600 cattle; 14,500 sheep; hogs, 20,000. Churches 20; lawyers, 4; doctors, 4. Schools: Whitesville academy and other schools. Timber: long-leaf pine, white oak, red oak, Spanish oak r water oak, juniper, cypress, &c. This county is one whose prospective wealth is difficult to estimate. Its resources, extensive forests and rich soil with facilities for transportation by water and rail road are excelled by few counties in the State. The Manchester and Wilming- ton rail road runs through this county. Marl of the best kind for manure is found in nearly all parts of this county. 300,000 acres of splendid timber and farming lands are in the market, from one' dollar to five dollars per acre. The far- famed Scuppernong grape grows here finely, and the native wines made are of the best kind. The business of making wine is profitable and increasing. Whiteville is the county town. It is near the Wilmiug- and Manchester rail road, "about 50 miles from Wilmington and 150 miles from Raleigh. CKAVEN, this county was fettled and organized in 1729. Area, land and water, 1,000 square miles. Population, 16,500. Doctors, 20; lawyers, 10; churches, 25; post offices, 6. Mills: grist, 6; saw, 4; shingle, 4. Manufactories, tar and tuipsntine, 40. Schools, 12. Farms, 403; acres improved, 63,450; unimproved, 300,000; cash value of farms, $1,375,500. (21) Annual products: corn, 314,000 bushels; wheat, 4,540 bush- els; rye, 3,500 bushels; oats, 3,000 bushels; pease, 30,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 9,550 bushels; sweet potatoes, 150,000 bushels; butter, 21,000 pounds; rice, 35,000 pounds; wool, 10,834 pounds; honey, 52,000 pounds; beeswax, 5,000 pounds; turpentine, 150,000 barrels; fish, 25,000 barrels; hay, 1,375 tons; fruits, value, $5,000; lumber, value, $50,000. Stock: horses and mules, 1,400; cattle, 13,772; sheep, 6,037; hogs, 25,000. Trees, natural: pitch pine, white and red oak, juniper and cypress. Soil, on streams and lakes, rich and valuable. Marl of the best kind abundant. The soil and climate are admirably adapted to the culture of grapes of all kinds. New Berne, the county seat, derived its name from Berne, in Switzerland, whence Baron de Graffenreidt emigrated in 1709, being followed the second year by 1,500. It is situated at the junction of the Trent and Neuse rivers, is a port of entry and carries on considerable trade. It is 120 miles from Raleigh. CUMBERLAND. This county, named in honor of the Duke of Cumberland was organized in 1764. It lies in the Southern part of the State. Area, 600 square miles. Population, 15,500. Ministers, 25; lawyers, 16; doctors, 10; churches, 32; schools: Academics, 0, and other schools. Mills, cotton, 3; grist, 10; distilleries, turpentine, 23; post offices, 8. Farms, 1,000; acres improved, 63,500; unimproved, 300,000. Annual products: corn, 313,413 bushels; wheat, 4,500 bush- els; rye, 3,500 bushels; oats, 2,610 bushels; pease and beans, 29,549 bushels; Irish potatoes, 9,575 bushels; sweet potatoes, 150,000 bushels; butter. 25,000 pounds; rice, 32,000 pounds; wool, 10,957 pound:'-; cotton, 400,000 pounds, honey, 0,500 pounds; hay, 2,625 tons; wine, 1,550 gallons. Stock: horses and mules, 1,500; cattle, 13,015; sheep, 6,007. Trees, natural: oak, pine, gum, ash, poplar, cypress, &c. This county is watered by the Cape Pear and Lower Little rivers and their tributaries. The Cape Fear is navigable to Fayctteville. The water power in this county is immense, and if controlled by scientific and energetic men, would become a .source of great wealth. Capitalists and manufacturers should visit and examine this most valuable portion of the State with the view of investment. (22) Fayetteville, the county seat, is one of the largest cities in the State. It is 100 miles by water from Wilmington and 60 miles from Kaleigh. Its location, and natural and artifi- cial resources promise for it a future of great material pros- perity. CURRITUCK. This county, named from an Indian tribe, lies in the north- eastern part of the State. Area, 200 square miles. Population, 7,500. Doctors, 6; lawyers, 3; churches, 12; academies, 2 and other schools; post offices, 3. Farms, 500: acres improved, 37,000; unimproved, 90,000. Annual products : corn, 300,000 bushels; wheat, 1,500 bush- els; oats and rye 2,860 bushels; peas, 40,000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 150,000 bushels; butter, 54,000 pounds; flax, 30,000 pounds; wool, 12,500 pounds; beeswax and honey,. 5,000 pounds; scuppernong and other grapes grow finely. Lands generally good and productive — recovered swamp* lands very rich. Fine fishing section and immense quantities of wild game. Stock: horses and mules, 1,085; cattle, 7,250; sheep, 6,000; hogs, 15,500. Forests: oak, pine, juniper and cypress. Currituck Court House, the county seat, 240 miles from. Raleigh. DAVIDSON. This county was organized from Rowan in 1822. Area, 650 square miles. Population 16,000. Surface, hilly. Lands productive. On the rivers very fine. The " Jersey settlement" is a splendid farming section. Doctors, 12; lawyers, 8; churches, 41; colleges, 3, and other schools; post offices, 6; factories, 3; mills, grist, 15; Mines: gold, silver, lead and copper. Farms, 1,250: acres improved, 121,500; unimproved, 200,- 000; farms, value, $1,988,000. Annual products : corn, 500,000 bushels; wheat, 225,000 bushels; rye, 2,000 bushels; oats, 100,000 bushels; peas, 10,- 000 bushels; Irish and sweet potatoes, 51,750 bushels; butter,, 85,000 pounds; cotton, 280,000 pounds; wool, 20,000 pounds; flax, 5,500 pounds; tobacco, 125,000 pounds; rice, 15,000 (23) pounds; lionev, 50,000 pounds; hay, 3,000 tons; sorghum, 10,000 gallons; fruits, value $28,000. Stock: horses and mules, 4,000; cattle, 9,133; hogs, 28,105. Trees, natural: ash, oak. elm,, hickory, poplar, chesnut, gallons; hay, 4,000 tons; fruits, value, $14,000. Stock: horses, 5,000; mules, 1,000; cattle, 11,000; hogs, 26,000. Trees, natural: ash, chestnut, oak and hickory. Churches, 40; colleges, 2; academies, 4; other schools; mills,, grist, 15; oil, — ; tanneries, 10; factories, cotton, 1; tobacco, 4* post offices, 15; ministers, 15; doctors, 25; lawyers, 8. This is a good wheat, corn and fruit county. Tobacco also grows well, and cotton on its southern border. Statesville, the county seat, is 145 miles west from Baleigh. A female college here. The Western and Charlotte Rail Roads run through this county. JACKSON. This county was organized out of Haywood and Macon counties, in 1850, and lies in the south western part of the State. Formerly inhabited by the Cherokee Indians of whom a few hundred still remain. Area, 1,308 square miles. Population 5,500. Farms 500; 4b,772 acres improved; 775,000 acres unim- proved. Much of this is said not to be enlisted and is the pro- perty of the State. Perhaps 500,000 acres are in market. Of the small portion cultivated, the annual product was in 1860, wheat, 18,000 bushels; corn 237,987 bushels; oats 11,000 bushels; beans and peas, 3.000 bushels; Irish potatoes 16,0CO bushels; sweet potatoes 15,500; tobacco, 7,000 pounds: wool, 9,000 pounds; butter, 42,000 pounds; honey, 16,000 pounds; molasses, 10,000 gallons; hay, 500 tons; orchard products valued at $5,000: Stock: horses, 1660; mules, 20-1; milch cows, 1916; other cattle, 4223; sheep, 5336; hogs, 16,168. Original ; i ) 7th of timber: oak, hickory, chesnut, poplar, locust ''and walnut. Immense forests,, still remain untouched. Lands vary from poor to very good. Valleys and moun- tain sides fertile and very productive. A fine grazing country.. Lands from $1 to $5 per acre. (33) Min r s of gold, copper, &c, abundant. Limestone all over this region. Churches, 10; lawyers, 2; doctors 4; grist mills, 6; post offices 8. Webster is the county seat of Jackson. JOHNSTON. This county was formed out of Craven, 1746, and named after Gov. Johnston. Area, 670 square miles. Population, 15,600. Farms, 1,200; 110,000 acres improved; 225,000 acres unim- proved. Stock: horses, 2,225; mules, 600; cows, 4,550; other cattle, 6,500; sheep, 8,500; hogs, 40,500. Annual products: wheat, 6,000 bushels; rye, 10,000 bushels; corn, 468,500 bushels; oats, 22,800, bushels; rice, 2,500 pounds; tobacco, 15,000 pounds; cotton, 3,000 bales; wool, 11,030 pounds; pease, 80,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 5,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 225,000 bushels; orchard products, $10,000; butter, 70,000 pounds; hay, 4,000 tons; honey, 15,000 pounds. Churches, 23; academies 6; lawyers, 9; doctors 12; factory, cotton, 1 ; post offices, 6. Granite and iron are found at different places. It is well watered by Neuse and Little rivers, and a number of creeks. Original growth of timber: pine, oak, hickory, gum, elm, ash and black jack. A portion of the lands are sandy, but generally good and productive. Good cotton farms found in all parts of the county. The North Carolina Rail Road runs through the county. Land, in any quantity for sale very low. Smithfield is the county seat. It lies on Neuse river 26 miles from Raleigh and about the same distance West from Goldsboro. JONES. This county was formed in 1779, from Craven, and lies in the Eastern part of the State. Area, 380 square miles. Population 5,750. Farms, 300; acres improved, 55,000; acres unimproved, 125,000. Cash value, $1,000,000. (34) Stock: horses, 825; mules, 350; cows, 1,500; other cattle r 3,000; sheep, 3,500; hogs, 1,600, Annual products: wheat, 1,500 bushels; oats, 2,600 bushels; corn, 250,000 bushels; cotton, 2,000 bales; wool, 7,000 pounds; pease, 25,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 4,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 100,000 bushels; lumber, tar and turpentine ex- ported. Churches, 15; academies, 6; lawyers, 1; doctors, 5; grist and saw mills, 12; steam mills, 2; post offices, 4. It is watered by Trent river and a number of creeks. Trent river is navigable to Pollocksville. Native trees: cedar, juniper, cypress, oak and gum. Marl and muck in abundance. Lands cheap, and produce corn and cotton finely. Trenton is the county seat, 125 miles Southeast from Raleigh and about 20 miles fiom New Bern. LENOIR. This county was formed in 1791, out of Johnston and lies in the eastern part of the State. Area, 450 square miles. Population, 10,223. Farms, 500; acres improved, 112,000; acres unimproved, 162,000. Stock: horses, 1,230; mules, 700; cows,. 1,500; other cattle, 4,500; sheep, 3,500; hogs, 25,000. Annual products : wheat, 12,000 bushels; rye 2,500 bushel; corn, 240,000 bushels; oats, 2,000 bushels; rice, 15,000 pounds; cotton, 4,500 bales; wool, 6,000 pounds; peas 8,500 bushels; Irish potatoes, 7,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 90,000 bushels; butter 16,750 pounds; honey, 10,000 pounds. Churches, 15; academies, 6; lawyers, 6; doctors, 12; grist mills, 12; saw mills, 6; post offices, 5. The Atlantic Rail Road runs through this county. Steam- boats ply between Kinston and New Berne. This is a splendid county for cotton, corn and truck farm- ing. Soil good and very productive. A large quantity of valuable land is in the market at low prices. Natural forest: oak, pine, gum, ash and cypress. Kinston the county seat lies on Neuse River, 80 miles south east from Raleigh. Steamboats from New Berne, come fe here and the Atlantic Rail Road runs through this place. (35) LINCOLN. This county was formerly called Tyron, after Gov. Tyron, but whose oppressive administration was so obnoxious, that the General Assembly changed it to Lincoln in 1779. It lies in the south western part of the State. Area, 420 square miles. Population 10,100. Farms, 800; acres improved, 45,507 ; acres unimproved, 140,000; cash value $1,380,500. Stock: horses and mules, 2,100; cows, 1,800; other cattle, 3,000; sheep, 5,100; hogs, 13,000. Annual products: wheat, 05,000 bushels; rye, 500 bushels; corn, 270,000 bushels; oats, 10,500 bushels; tobacco, 7,000 pounds; cotton, 500 bales; wool, 8,000 pounds; pease, 7,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 0,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 23,000 bushels; orchard products $11,000; butter, 75,000 pounds; hay, 3,000 tons; sorghum, 10,000 gallons; honey, 26,000 pounds. There are 3 cotton factories; 7 iron foundries; 2 iron forges; 30 grist mills; 2 paper mills; 10 saw mills; 10 tanneries; churches, 32; academies, 10; lawyers, 13; doctors, 15; minis- ters, 20; gold mines, 10; post offices 9. Catawba river runs through the county. It is rich in min- eral ores and is also a good farming county. Forest: ash, elm, white and red oak, chestnut, poplar, &c. Lincoln is the county seat, 170 miles south west, from Ral- eigh. The Ruthcrfordton Rail Road runs through this county and village. MACON. This county was formed in 1828, from Haywood, and lies in the extreme west. Area, 600 square miles. Farms, 700: 32,600 acres improved; 305,000 acres unim- proved. Cash value, $900,000. Stock: horses* 1,500; mules, 600; cows, 1,800; other cattle, 5,000, sheep, 5,100; hogs, 26,700. Annual products: wheat, 65,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; corn, 270,000 bushels; oats, 16,500 bushels; tobacco, 20,000 pounds; wool, 8,000 pounds; pease, 10,000 bushels; Irish pota- toes, 6,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 25,000 bushels; orchard products, 12,000; butter, 75,000 pounds; hay, 3,000 tons; sor- ghum, 10,000 gallons; honey, 26,000 pounds; home manufac- tures, $18,500. (36) Churches, 30; academies, 4; lawyers, 4; doctors, 5; ministers, 18; post offices, 4. The surface is broken and mountainous. Soil, ordinary to good. Fine grazing region. The Western Rail Road will run through this county. Forests: oa,k, sugar maple, locust and white and black pine. The beautiful red marble mountain is here. In this county, thousands of sheep, cattle, horses and mules could be raised at a small cost. Three hundred thousand acres of mountain and farming lands in the market from 70 cents to five dollars per acre. Copper ore all over the county. It is capable of supporting a population of fifty thousand. Franklin is the county seat, 325 miles from Raleigh. MADISON. This county was formed in 1850, from Buncombe and Yancey, named after President Madison. Area, 450 square miles. Population, 6,000. Acres improved, 32,500; acres unimproved 174,000. Cash value, $750,000. Stock: horses, 1,200; mules, 200; sheep, 5,100; cows, 2,100; other cattle, 3,000; hogs, 15,000. Annual products: wheat, 32,500 bushels; rye, 3,000 bushels; corn, 235,500 bushels; oats, 30,000 bushels; tobacco, 16,000 pounds; wool, 10,000 pounds; pease, 5,000 bushels; Irish pota- toes, 15,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 3,000 bushels; orchard products, $12,000; butter, 58,000 pounds; flax, 5,000 pounds; sorghum, 25,000 gallons; honey, 20,000 pounds; home manu- factures, $30,000. Churches, 12; lawyers, 2; doctors, 4; ministers, 6; post offi- ces, 6; mills, 10. Original forests: pine, ash, elm, balsam, chestnut. This is a beautiful county. Surface rough and mountainous. Lands good. A splendid farming, fruit and grazing region. Lands cheap and abundant. It is spoken of as one of the finest counties in the future in the transmontane region, when Rail Roads penetrate it. Marshall is the county seat, about 260 miles west from Raleigh, on the east side of the French Broad. MARTIN. This county was organized in 1794, from Halifax, and named after Grov. Martin, the last of the Colonial Governors. (37) It lies on the Roanoke river. Area, 450 square miles. Population 10,119. Farms, 600 ; acres improved, 56,000; acres unimproved, 178,500; cash value, $1,158,545. Stock: horses, 1,156; mules, 551; cows, 1,828; other cattle, 5,000; sheep, 4,780; hogs, 21,241. Annual products: wheat, 2,500 bushels; corn, 320,000 bush- els; oats, 17,000 bushels; rice, 2,500 pounds; cotton, 3,500 bales; wool. 8,000 pounds; pease, 35,000 bushels; Irish pota- toes, 7,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 100,000 bushels; orchard productions, $1,000; wine, 5,000 gallons; butter, 12,000 pounds; beeswax, 2,500 pounds; honey, 1,700 pounds. Churches, 15; academies, 5; lawyers, 8; doctors, 7; mer- chants, 20; grist mills, 8; saw mills, 6; post offices, 4. Original growth of timber: pine, oak, hickory, cypress and juniper. This county is partly sandy. Soil good, low grounds very rich. The swamps are filled with vast quantities of juniper and cypress, fit for lumber. The Tarboro and Williamston Rail Road will pass through this county. There are rich beds of marl of the best kind for improving lands. Cotton, corn, and the grape are cultivated largely. Williamston is the county seat, on the Roanoke river, 140 miles East from Raleigh. A handsome town. Mcdowell. This county was formed in 1842 from Rutherford and Burke. Area, 450 square miles. Population, 7,100. Farms, 600; acres improved, 28,878; acres unimproved, 115,500. Cash value, $775,000. Stock: horses, 900; mules, 600; cows, 1,500; other cattle, 3,000; sheep, 3,700; hogs 12,000. Annual products: wheat, 25,000 bushels; rye, 5,500 bushels; corn, 240,000 bushels; oats, 6,000 bushels; tobacco, 20,000 pounds; wool, 8,000 pounds; pease, 7,000 bushels; Irish pota- toes, 9,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 14,000; butter, 30.000 pounds; sorghum, 3,000 gallons; honey, 11,000 pounds. Churches, 20; lawyers, 3; doctors, 9; academies, 4; gold mines, 4; grist mills 10; post offices, 6. The Western Rail Road passes through this county. Original forests: white pine, ash, oak, chestnut, laurel, bal- sam, &c. (38) Catawba and Linville rivers, and a number of creeks water the county. Surface broken and mountainous. Much good farming land. A fine fruit and grazing region. Marion is the county seat, 200 miles from Raleigh. MECKLENBURG. "This county was formed in 1762 from Anson, and named in "honor of Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg. Area, 720 square miles. Population, 17,500. Acres improved, 95,938; unimproved, 181,562; cash value, $2,823,949. Stock: horses, 2,829; mules, 1,500; cows, 4,319; other cattle '•6,500; sheep, 9,216; hogs, 23,500. Annual products: wheat, 160,000 bushels; rye, 1,299; corn, 550,225 bushels; oats, 43,366 bushels; tobacco, 25,161 bushels; cotton, 6,112 bales; wool, 15,621 pounds; pease, 41,596 bush- els; Irish potatoes, 11,835 bushels; sweet potatoes, 26,716 bushels; orchard products $5,000; butter, 129,269; hay, 2,553 tons; sorghum, 13,283 gallons; beeswax, 1,429 pounds; honey, 20,384 pounds. Churches, 35; ministers, 23; colleges, 3; academies 6; schools, primary 40; lawyers, 11; doctors, 25; 1 woolen fac- tory; factories of different kinds about 20; mines: gold and copper, 15; grist mills, 25; post offices, 10. Gold is found all over the county. Natural forest: ash, elm, oaks, pine, chestnut, &c. It is thought by scientific men that the mines in North Car- olina, are as valuable, as the mines in California. The soil produces wheat, corn, apples, pears, peaches, hay, clover and garden vegetables in great profusion. The lands are well adapted to cotton and corn. Charlotte is the county seat of justice for Mecklenburg- county, it lies 155 miles southwest from Raleigh. It is a city of growing improvement. It was here, the first Declaration of American Independence was read, on the 20th of May, 1775. MITCHELL. This county has recently been formed out of Yancey, Mc- Dowell, Burke and Watauga, and named after the late Rev. Dr. Mitchell of Chapel Hill. Being a new county, its statistics have not been ascertained. Its lands are good. Surface broken and mountainous. (39) Wheat, corn, rye, oats, Irish potatoes, buckwheat, cabbages and fruits, especially apples, grow well. It is particularly adapted to stock raising and grazing. Much of it is in original forests, of ash, poplar, chestnut, white pine, balsam, oak, &c. Iron and copper ores have been found and are believed to exist in large quantities. In the Northeastern part of the county, limestone, blue and white marble of fine texture are said to exist. The lands are very cheap and abundant. The resources of the county are yet to be developed. Bakersville is the county seat. MONTGOMERY. This county was taken from Anson in 1779. Area, 5'0 square miles. Population, 7,640. Acres improved, 56,178 acres; unimproved, 204,513. Cash value, $359,500. Annual products: wheat, 66,772 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; <;orn, 281,658 bushels; oats, 35,246 bushels; tobacco, 25,000 pounds; cotton, 1,500 bales; pease, 11,000; Irish potatoes, 8,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 35,000 bushels; orchard pro- duction $7,500; butter 80,000 pounds; hay, 1,729 tons; sor- ghum, 3,000 gallons; honey, 25,000 pounds. Stock: horses, 1,354; mules, 250; cows, 2,259; other cattle, 5,000; sheep, 7,500; hogs, 14,000. Churches, 20; ministers, 15; doctors, 6; lawyers, 4; acade- mies 6, besides primary schools; grist mills, 28; saw mills, 4; cotton factories, 2; several tanneries; gold mines, 9, others opening; post offices, 10. Forests: white oak, red oak, post oak, hickory, persimmon, ash, poplar, &c. The minerals of this county are very valuable. Its water power is very great, suitable for machinery of all kinds. Lands adapted to cotton, corn, potatoes, &c. Can be bought low. Troy is the county seat, about 90 miles Southwest from Raleigh. MOORE. This county was organized in 1784, from Cumberland. Area, 650 square miles. Population 11,475. (40) Acres improved, 65,165; acres unimproved, 345,148; cash value, $1,178,311. Stock: horses, 2,160; mules, 300; cows, 3,589; other cattle, 6,500; sheep, 12,866; hogs, 25,000. Annual products: wheat, 75,000 bushels; rye, 5,000 bushels; corn, 281,650 bushels; oats, 35,500 bushels; wool, 17,500 pounds; pease, 25,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 2,500 bushels; sweet potatoes, 77,000 bushels: orchard products, $10,000; butter, 115,000 pounds; hay, 500 tons; turpentine, &c. Churches, 30; ministers, 18; doctors, 12; lawyers, 2, acad- emies, 6, and primary schools in the county; grist mills, 20. Mines: two gold mines and one soap stone mine have been worked; post offices, 7. Original growth of timber: long leaf pine, red oak, black jack, hickory, poplar, &c. The lands range from poor to good. Cotton, corn, sweet potatoes and pease grow well, and the grape may be raised extensively. It is well timbered with long leaf pine, but is rather inaccessible to market. Land can be bought very low.. The Fayetteville, (Coalfields) Eail Road passes through the Northern part of this county. Carthage, the county seat, is 60 miles from Raleigh. NASH. This county was formed out of Edgecombe in 1777, and named after General Francis Nash, who fell at the battle of G-ermanton. Area, 600 square miles. Population, 11,688. Acres improved, 81,100; acres unimproved, 205,000. Cash value, $1,736,608. Stock: horses, 1,116; mules, 500; cows, 2,199; other cattle, 3,536; oxen, 1,145; sheep, 5,439; hogs, 25,874. Annual products: wheat, 12,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; corn, 335,000 bushels; oats, 20,500 bushels; tobacco, 100,000 pounds; cotton, 3,000 bales; wool, 7,000 pounds; pease, 30,000 hushels; Irish potatoes, 8,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 115,800 bushels; orchard products, $15,000; butter, 23,885 pounds; beeswax, 1,500 pounds; honey, 15,671 pounds. Churches, 22; schools, 6; mines, 1; post offices, 4. Native forests: oak, ashe, pine, gum, &c. Its soil is sandy, but productive. Cotton, corn, potatoes, &c, grow finely. Marl and muck are easily obtained. Fruits grow well. The county has been famous for apple and peach brandy. Lands are cheap. Nashville is the county seat, and about 44 miles from Raleigh. (41) NEW HANOVER. This county was organized in 1728, named after the Royal House of Hanover. Area, 1000 square miles. Surface level. Soil sandy, but productive. Population 25,000. Farms, 650; acres, improved, 52,925; acres, unimproved, 395,624; cash value, $1,381,687. Stock: horses 1,151; mules, 439; cows, 3,435; other cattle, 9,000; sheep, 5,758; hogs, 30,000. Annual products: wheat, 9,630 bushels; rye, 1,500 bushels; corn, 250,000 bushels; oats, 1,000 bushels; rice, 1,500,000 pounds; wool, 7,000 pounds; pease, 82,000 bushels; Irish pota- toes, 5,500 bushels; sweet potatoes, 175,000 bushels; pea nuts, 100,000 bushels; lumber, $50,000; turpentine, 10,000 barrels; spirits of turpentine, 20,000 barrels; tar, fish, &c. Mills, Factories, &c: 6 saw mills; 4 planing mills; 15 tur- pentine distilleries; 30 tar factories ; 2 ship yards. Churches, 20; ministers, 12; academies, 8; lawyers, 10; doctors, 15; grist mills, 8. Forests: principally long leaf pine, some oak, hickory and live oak. The lands are well adapted to truck farming. The pea-nut is more extensively cultivated than in any county in the State and is very profitable. Cotton and corn do well, and the rice lands are productive. Wilmington the largest city of the State, is also the county seat ot New Hanover. It is constantly growing in commer- cial importance. Large exports of cotton, turpentine and lumber are annually made from this city. NORTHAMPTON. This county was formed in 1741, and was taken from Bertie. Area, 350 square miles. Population, 13,500. 127,775 acres improved; 170,292 acres unimproved. Cash value, $2,639,030. Stock: horses, 1,882; mules 1,950; cows, 2,933; other cattle, 6,000; sheep, 3,000; hogs, 32,800. Annual products: wheat, 30,000 bushels; rye, 1.000 bushels; corn, 635,000 bushels; oats, 25,000 bushels; tobacco, 300,000 pounds; cotton, 6,500 bales; wool, 7,500 pounds; pease 54,500 bushels; Irish potatoes, 10,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 110,- 000 bushels; orchard products $5,000; butter 110,000 pounds; honey, 6,000 pounds. (42) Churches, 10; schools, 10; lawyers, 5; doctors 12; hotels, 2; mills, 0; post offices, 6; 6 stave factories; 1 shingle mill. Original growth of timber: ash, oak, cypress, pine, &c. The surface is level, the soil productive, and accessible to market. It is well adapted to corn, cotton, truck farming and the cultivation of the grape. Jackson is the county seat, and located in the midst of a rich farming country. OJS T SLOW. This county was organized 1754, from New Hanover. It lies in the eastern part of the State. Area, 600 square miles. Population, 8,856. Acres improved, 65,000; acres unimproved, 250,000. Cash value, $1,337,923. Annual products: wheat, 500 bushels; rye, 5,000 bushels; €orn, 275,000 bushels; oats, 3,000 bushels; rice, 50,000 pounds; wool, 7,500 pounds; pease, 85,500 bushels ; Irish potatoes, 6,500 bushels; sweet potatoes, 175,500 bushels; butter, 20,000 pounds; beeswax, 5,000 pounds; honey, 50,000 pounds; cotton, 500,000 pounds; turpentine, $10,000; Lumber, $5,000. Stock: horses, 1,000; mules, 500; cows, 2,619; other cattle. 6,500; sheep, 4,000; hogs, 25,600 Churches, 22; academies, 5; lawyers, 2; doctors, 12; post offices, 7. Forests: long leaf pine, oak, gum and cypress. Lands productive and well adapted to cotton and corn, and the cultivation of the grape. Pine and cypress lumber valuable. Jacksonville is the county seat, 120 miles South-east from Raleigh. ORANGE. This county was organized in 1751, from Granville, John- ston and Bladen, and named in compliment to the Roya House of England. It lies in the centre of the State. Area, 650 square miles. Population, 16,429. Farms, 1,230; acres, improved, 101,354; acres unimproved, 246,040; cash value, $2,141,690. Stock: horses, 3,199; mules, 350; cows, 4,081; other cattle, 5,999; sheep, 11,314; hogs, 27,444. Annual products: wheat, 154,794 bushels; rye, 2,527 bushels; (43) corn, 400,242 bushels; oats, 81,825 bushels; tobacco, 1,139,- 764 pounds; wool, 15,004 pounds; pease, 8,506 bushels; Irish potatoes, 12,754 bushels; sweet potatoes, 46,716 bushels; orchard products, $5,000; butter, 105,884 pounds; hay, 1,500 tons; flax, 5,000 pounds; bees wax, 2,i>00 pounds; honey, 20,000 pounds. Original growth of timber: white oak, red oak, post oak, cedar, hickory, walnut, elm, oak, poplar, tulip tree, gum, per- simmon, blackjack, &c. The soil is principally of red clay, adapted to wheat, corn, tobacco, oats and fruits. It is well watered, healthy, and a good farming country. Hillsboro, the county seat, was laid out in 1759. It has a large Female school of high reputation, and two Academies. At Chapel Hill, the State University is located. Durham, on the North Carolina Rail Road is a thriving village. PASQUOTANK. This county was known in 1729, as one of the original pre- cints of ancient Albemarle. It derives its name from an Indian tribe. It lies in the Northeastern part of the State. Area, 250 square miles. Population, 8,940 Farms 600; acres improved, 53,062; unimproved, 40,200; cash value $2,000,000. Stock: horses. 1,100; mules, 554; cows, 1,500; other cattle, 4,000; sheep, 1,515; hogs, 15,500. Annual products: wheat, 75,001 bushels; rye, 40,000 bushels; corn, 600,000 bushels; oats, 6,000 bushels; wool, 7,000 pounds: peas, 12,700 bushels; Irish potatoes. 3,750 bushels; sweet potatoes, 35,000 bushels; butter 22,500 pounds; flax, 10,000 pounds; honey, 10,000 pounds. Churches, 17; schools, 12; teachers, 23; 3 steam mills that manufacture flour, corn, lumber, &c; 2 post offices. Original growth: gum, ash, cypress, &c. The soil mostly a deep and very rich alluvial soil. Very productive and almost inexhaustible. Corn, wheat and flax are produced in great quantities, without manure. Lands high, though lower than formerly. The lands in some parts of the county have been cultivated in corn for one hundred years in succession, and without ma- nure, yet they produce now from 30 to 40 bushels of corn per acre, with ordinary culture. Elizabeth City is the county seat, 215 miles from Raleigh. (44) PERQUIMANS. This county was the earliest permanent settlement in the State. Its name comes from an Indian tribe who were found here when the English landed. It lies in the North-eastern part of the State. The first settlement was made in 1662, after the expulsion of the Quakers from Virginia., who came over into North Carolina and settled here. The oldest land title in North Carolina is the grant of King Yeopim, an Indian Chief, to George Durant, who settled Durant's Neck, a promontory on Albemarle Sound. Area, 250 square miles. Population 7,248. Farms, 550; acres improved, 52,182; acres unimproved, 67,- 852; cash value, $1,537,970. Stock: horses, 1,791; mules, 650; cows, 1,635; other cattle, 4,500; sheep, 2,743; hogs, 16,413. Annual products: wheat, 99,834 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; corn, 605,000 bushels; oats, 4,500; wool, 9,500 pounds; pease, 13,500 bushels; Irish potatoes, 6,100 bushels; sweet potatoes, 75,000 bushels; orchard products, $2,500; butter, 25,000 pounds; hay, 2,000 tons; flax, 6,500 pounds; beeswax, 1,225 pounds; honey, 20,000 pounds. Churches 15; lawyers, 5; doctors, 9; grist mills, 4; steam mills, 5; post offices, 6. Original forests: oak, gum, cypress, &c. Lumber valuable. The lands are of the first quality for wheat, clover, corn and grapes. Large fisheries of shad, rock and herring are located on the sound and rivers. Hertford is the county seat, situated on Perquimans river, 194 miles from Ealeigh. PERSON. This county was formed in 1791, out of Caswell, and is located in the northern part of the State. Area. 370 square miles. Population, 11,500. Farms, 700: acres improved, 101,756; acres unimproved, 118,662. Cash value, $2,000,000. Stock: horses, 2,034; mules, 300; cows, 2,500; other cattle, 4,000; sheep, 8,155; hogs, 16,500. Annual products: wheat, 85,000 bushels; rye, 1,000 bushels; corn, 265,500 bushels; oats, 110,000 bushels; tobacco, 3,000,000 pounds; cotton, 500 bales; wool, 10,000 pounds; pease, 4,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 6,500 bushels; sweet potatoes^ 35,000 (45) bushels; orchard products, $2,500; butter, 75,000 pounds; flax, 2.000 pounds; beeswax, 2,000 pounds; honey, 20,000 pounds; home manufactures, $1,850. Churches, 30; academies, 4; other schools, 6; ministers lawyers and doctors, grist mills numerous; post offices, 8; tobacco factories, 4; tanneries, 6. Natural growth: oak, poplar, ash, hickory, gum, elm, &c. Surface, rolling; soil, of good quality, especially on Hyco River, for tobacco, wheat, corn and fruits, especially apples, peaches, pears, &c. Its climate is healthy and water pure. Some farms well improved. Roxborough is the county seat, and lies in a high healthy location. PITT. This county was organized out of Beaufort in 1760. Called after Sir William Pitt of England. Surface level. Soil sandy and rich loam. Large quantities of marl are found in nearly every part of the county. Area, 650 square miles. Population, 16,000. Farms, 830; 101,164 acres improved; 250,000 acres unim- proved. Natural growth of timber: red and post oak, long leaf pine &c. Stock: horses 2,000; mules, 1,100; cows 3,500; other cat- tle, 8,000; sheep, 5,000; hogs, 38,600. Annual products: wheat, 12,700 bushels; rye, 6,000 bushels- corn, 710,000 bushels; oats,17,250 bushels; rice, 55,000 pounds- cotton, 7,500 bales; wool, 7,374 pounds; pease, 74,000 bushels- Irish potatoes, 11,750 bushels; sweet potatoes, 186,000 bushels; orchard products, $6,500; wine, 2,500 gallons; butter, 35,000 pounds; hay, 4,617 tons; honey, 4,000 pounds. Churches, 25; academies 6; and several primary schools in the county; 10 lawyers; 12 doctors; 15 ministers; 12 grist mills; 4 saw mills. Its exports are lumber, tar, turpentine, crude and distilled, corn and cotton. Steamboats ply between Greenville and Washington. The soil in this county is generally rich and productive. There are also fine forests of pine for lumber. Soil suitable for growth of grapes, corn, cotton and pease. Greenville is the county seat, it lies on Tar river 100 miles east from Raleigh. (46) POLK. This is one of the new counties organized out of Rutherford county in 1854, and named after James K. Polk, late Presi- dent of the United States. It lies in the Western part of the State, is well watered. Surface mountainous. Area 300 square miles. On the creeks and rivers are large bodies of good land easily cultivated, producing good crops of Indian corn, wheat, oats, rye, tobacco, sugar cane, buckwheat and some cotton. No Rail Roads yet in operation. The mountain ranges are equal to any for stock raising and growth of trees and fruit. Mines: Pender's gold mine, it is said, some several hun- dred thousand dollars worth of gold have been taken. Large quantities of gold lie on the borders of Pacolet and its tributaries. Double Branch, Red Spring, Prince and other mines, said to be rich, both in deposit and surface veins. South Fork and White Creek afford a splendid prospect for gold. It is well timbered with oak, hickory, ash, &c, and rock of all kinds for building purposes. There is a belt of land on the South side of Tryon and white oak mountains, that has several farms and orchards, where frost has never been known. Peaches of the finest kind and apples and grapes are cultivated. Clover, grasses, hay, &c , can be grown abundantly. Lands sell from 75 cents to $3 per acre. Columbus is the county seat. . Population about 4,000. Farms, 320; acres improved, 20,500; acres unimproved, 71,000. Products: corn, 350,000 bushels; wheat, 25,000 bushels; oats, 19,000 bushels; rye, 2,500 bushels; cotton, 80,000 pounds; wool, 1,500 pounds; tobacco, 1.650 pounds; butter, 8,000 pounds. Wild animals: racoon, opossum, squirrels, foxes, plentv of fish. " Fruit: unknown quantities. Original growth of timber: white pine, sugar maple, walnut, oaks, &c. EANDOLPH This county was organized in 1779, from Guilford and Rowan. It lies in the centre of the State. (47) Area, 880 square miles. Population, 16,500. Farms, 1,112; acres improved, 191,480; unimproved, 288,- 995. The natural growth of the forest is white and red oak T hickory, elm and ash. Stock: horses, 3,877; mules, 300; cows, 5,490; other cattle, 7,500; sheep, 18,137; hogs, 32,066. Annual products: wheat, 227,654 bushels; rye, 1,663 bush- els! corn, 400,000 bushels; oats, 60,000 bushels'; rice, 5,000 pounds; tobacco, 85,000 pounds; wool, 27,000 pounds; pease, 8,000 bushels; Irish potatoes, 21,250 bushels; sweet potatoes, 50,000 bushels; orchard products, $31,118; butter, 140,000 pounds; cheese, 3,000 pounds; hay, 5,788 tons; flax, 5,000 pounds; maple molasses. 5,000 gallons; sorghum molasses, 2,000 gallons; beeswax, 6,000 pounds; honey, 75,000 pounds. Churches, 40; academies, 12; ministers, 25; teachers, 15; lawyers, 6; doctors, 25; post offices, 18; grist mills, 26; 3 steam mills; 5 cotton factories; 1 woolen factory; 1 steam tannery ; 1 foundry and extensive beds of slate underlies a lare;e part of this county. The soil is generally poor but productive in some sections. Land very cheap. The lands are adapted to wheat, cotton, corn and fruits of all kinds. The Western (Fayetteville) Rail Road will proba- bly pass through this county. Trinity college is located in the Northern part of this county. Gold is found in different parts of the county. Several mines have been opened. Ashboro the county seat, is 72 miles West from Raleigh. KICHMOND. This county was formed in 1779, from Anson, named in honor of the Duke of Richmond. It lies in the southern part of the State. Area, 900 square miles. Population, 11,000. Farms, 525; acres improved, 82,500; acres unimproved, 352,242. Forest growth: oak, long leaf pine, ash,