SECON n '".OP*. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Chap. Copyright No.... Shelf„..V 3 x^ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. PRACTICAL Materia Medica for Nurses WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES, WITH POISON- EMERGENCIES ; MINERAL WATERS; WEIGHTS AND MEASURES; DOSE-LIST; AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED IN MATERIA MEDICA AND THERA- PEUTICS BY Emily A. M. Stoney Graduate of the Training-School for Nurses, Lawrence, Mass ; late Head Nurse, Mercy Hospital, Chicago, Illinois; late Superintendent of Training-School for Nurses, Carney Hospital, South Boston, Mass. ; Author of " Practical Points in Nursing " PHILADELPHIA W. B. SAUNDERS 925 Walnut Stkeet 1899 Copyright, 1899, By W. B. SAUNDERS. TWOCOPI&6 KECeiVED. « s\ /zi ELECTROTYPED BY WESTCOTT & THOMSON, PHILADA, PRESS OF W. B. SAUNDERS, PHILADA. TO Arthur Stuart Allen, M. D. THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR PREFACE. In preparing the following pages for publication, it has been my endeavor to make them as practical as possible, including only the source of the drugs, their action and uses, dosage, and the symptoms and treat- ment of poisoning. They constitute the notes of a series of lectures de- livered as a companion, so to speak, to " Practical Points in Nursing," and have been arranged in alphabetical order for a more ready reference. The first part of the book is devoted to the general considerations and classification of drugs. The second part, to the subject-matter proper of the lectures. The third part, or appendix, contains Poison-emergen- cies, Poisons and their Antidotes, Emetics, Mineral Waters, Weights and Measures, Dose-list, Glossary, etc. The doses of all drugs have been given in both the Apothecaries' and Metric Weights. In compiling the notes, free use has been made of the works of Hare, Potter, Brunton, Bruce, Thornton, the lectures on " Poisons " by Dr. William H. Devine, the lectures on " Materia Medica and Therapeutics " by 6 PREFACE. Professor Arthur R. Edwards, of the Northwestern University Medical College, and my own notes of three courses of clinical lectures. My thanks are due to Dr. Arthur Stuart Allen for his great assistance in revising the notes, and to Professor Frank Marion Kindig, of the Northwestern University Medical College, for assistance with the proofs and for his suggestions and criticisms, which have been invaluable. EMILY A. M. STONEY. CONTENTS. PAGE PART I. — General Considerations, and the Classification of Drugs. Introductory 9 Classification of Drugs 19 PART II.— Materia Medica 34 PART III. Poison Emergencies 226 Mineral Waters 235 Weights and Measures 237 Confinement Table 240 Dose-List 242 Abbreviations 265 Glossary 267 Index 279 7 PART I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS, AND THE CLASSI FICATION OF DRUGS. INTRODUCTORY. Materia Medica is that branch of medical science which treats of the remedies employed in medicine, their origin, names, modes of preparation and administration, doses in which they may be given, and their physiologi- cal and toxicological actions. Remedies are divided into two classes, local and general. A local remedy acts on a particular organ or part; a general remedy acts on the whole system. I/Ocal remedies are divided into four classes : 1. Those which affect the function of a part \ such as anesthetics, cathartics, cholagogues, diuretics, emmena- gogues, diaphoretics, expectorants, oxytocics, errhines, and sialagogues. 2. Those which affect the organization of a part : Caus- tics or escharotics, epispastics or vesicants, and rubefaci- ents. 3. Those which have a mechanical action : Emollients, demulcents, and protectives. 4. Those which act on extraneous matter within the organs : Absorbents, antacids anthelmintics disinfectants, and solvents. IO PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. The six principal avenues of medication are : 1. The mouth (stomach). 2. The rectum. 3. The cellular tissue (subcutaneously). 4. The skin (inunction). 5. The lungs (inhalation). 6. The denuded skin (blisters). The Mouth. — This is the first and best means of medication. Medicines are given by mouth for their local action on the alimentary canal and to be absorbed from it. When local action upon the stomach is desired, the medicine should be given when the viscus is empty in order that it may come in contact with all parts of the gastric mucous membrane. If slow absorption is desired or it is necessary to avoid irritating the stomach, the medi- cine is given after meals, during the process of gastric di- gestion. When it is desired that absorption shall take place from the intestines, the medicine should be given from two to three hours after a meal, when the gastric digestion is almost completed and the partly digested food is being swept into the intestinal canal. The absorption of drugs, from the stomach and intestines, it must be remembered, may be considerably retarded and their action diminished by the liver, because, before reaching the general circulation, medicines absorbed from the intestinal canal usually pass through the liver, and in their passage they may be partially destroyed, or temporarily arrested and excreted again into the intestine along with the bile. When given for its local action on the mouth or pharynx, medicine should be given one or two hours before or after meals ; its effect will then be more pro- GENERAL CONSIDER A T/ONS. 1 1 longed than when taken immediately before meals, since there will be no danger of the drug being wiped off in the process of mastication and swallowing. The Rectum. — When there is serious derangement of the stomach, or when for any reason the patient is unable to swallow, we find the rectum a most convenient avenue for absorption. When giving medicine by rec- tum we must remember two things : i. That the process of absorption is slow, but that much may be gained by giving the enema as high as possible, since the colon is less irritable than the rectum and is better fitted for absorption. 2. That the surface of the lower bowel is usually more or less covered with material which interferes with absorption, and hence it should always be first cleansed with plain water before injecting the medicine. Medicines are given by the rectum in the form of enemata, sup- positories, and rectal capsules. The dose of the drug is usually twice the amount given by mouth, unless the medicine is very powerful or is capable of rapid absorp- tion. Hypodermic Administration (Subcutaneous In- jection). — Hypodermic or subcutaneous injection means the injecting of a drug under the skin. This method is resorted to when we wish to secure certain and prompt action, as in stimulating the heart, relieving pain, and in causing emesis. The dose of a drug given hypo- dermically is usually one-half the quantity given by the mouth, because it enters directly into the circulation and the entire dose is acting at one time, and is not modified by altered conditions of the organism. For the subcutaneous administration of drugs we use a hypodermic syringe. The most convienent places 12 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. for the injection are the outside of the arms, the fore- arms, the chest, the abdomen, and the thighs, the injec- tion being made into the fleshy part, avoiding the large blood-vessels, nerves, and bone. The syringe should be cleansed by drawing through it several times a I : 20 solution of carbolic acid, followed by very hot water. The needle should be boiled in a large spoonful of water over a gas flame. The syringe is loaded with the ordered solution, the needle is screwed on tightly, making sure that it does not leak at the junction, and the air is expelled by gently pressing the piston until a drop of the fluid escapes from the needle. After bathing the part with a weak solution of car- bolic acid (1 : 60 or 1 140), or alcohol, to ensure absolute cleanliness, the skin is pinched up between the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, and the needle is quickly and slantingly inserted to the depth of about half an inch, so as to reach the underlying muscle or fat, then withdrawn slightly, and the fluid slowly injected, so as not to cause discomfort. A gentle friction over the part will distribute the fluid and aid its absorption. The needle is quickly removed and the friction is kept up for a few moments. Perfect cleanliness is essential in the operation, otherwise an abscess may result or some contagious disease may be transmitted. After the operation the syringe should be thoroughly washed by drawing through it the carbolic-acid solution and hot water. The thin wire should be kept constantly in the needle to prevent the entrance of dirt. If the syringe is in constant use, it may be kept in a solution of 1 : 20 carbolic acid. If not often used, the syringe should be soaked every few days in hot water to prevent the packing from shrinking. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 1 3 The medicines most commonly used hypodermically are: Aconitin, Alcohol, Apomorphin, Atropin, Cocain, Chloral, Corrosive sublimate, Digitalin (soluble), Eserin, Gelsemin, Hyoscin hydrobromate, Ergotin, Ether, Mor- phin, Picrotoxin, Pilocarpin, Physostigmin sulphate, Stiychnin. Hypodermic syringes hold from 1 5 to 30 minims. Intravenous injection, which is the injection of fluids directly into a vein, is only practised in cases of emergency. After copious hemorrhage blood or saline solutions are sometimes administered by this method. Inunction is the rubbing of an oil or an ointment into the skin either to secure its absorption, or to prevent contagion through fine scales thrown off from the skin in such diseases as scarlet fever and measles. When the inunction is employed to prevent contagion the body should be smeared from head to foot with warm sweet oil, coca butter, or vaselin, and the friction should be long and thorough. About four ounces of oil is re- quired at each rubbing. In order to promote absorption from the skin the surface should be first bathed with warm water. Mercurial Inunction. — This method of applying mer- cury to the skin is resorted to when the stomach is intol- erant of drugs, or when, administered by mouth in full doses, they do not favorably modify the symptoms. The mercury passes through the skin without produc- ing any irritation, and is absorbed into the circulation, where the general effects of the drug are produced. The ointment should be rubbed on those parts where the skin is thin and the function of absorption is greatest, such as the inner sides of the thighs and the armpits. 14 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. The order of application differs somewhat. One method is as follows : On the first evening the patient takes a hot bath and puts on fresh underclothing. The second even- ing a piece of ointment about the size of a small nut is thoroughly rubbed into the skin of the inner side of the right thigh. On the second evening the left thigh is taken, and then on successive evenings the left armpit and the right armpit. Dr. William H. Devine gives the following order : First evening, the buttocks. Second evening, the thighs. Third evening, the side of the chest, but not the arm- pit. Fourth evening, the internal surface of the arms and forearm. Fifth evening, the back and abdomen. Sixth evening, omit treatment. Seventh evening, bathe, change underclothing, and re- sume treatment. The ointment remaining after the rubbing, which should be continued for fifteen minutes, should be left on the skin, and the patient should wear the same under- clothes night and day. By taking one part each evening irritation from the excessive friction is avoided. When applied to children, it is a good plan to put the ointment on a piece of flannel and to fasten the flannel to the part with a bandage. There is then no danger of the child spreading the ointment over other parts of the body. Fresh ointment should be put on the flannel eveiy day, even if the latter appears soiled. The nurse should wash her hands thoroughly after each application, since absorption may take place through the skin of the hands. Inhalation. — Inhalation is the method of adminis- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 1 5 tering a drug in the form of a vapor or gas through the respiratory tract. By this means the agent is brought into contact with the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, and bronchial tubes, Inhalations may be dry or moist. Dry inhalations may be taken from a heated shovel or plate. The drug is placed on the shovel, and a paper cone is made, the broad end of which is placed over the drug, while the vapor is inhaled from the narrow end. Moist Inhalations. — Moist inhalations are employed to soothe the throat and trachea when these parts are inflamed, dry, and irritated. In the absence of a steam- inhaler the vaporized substances maybe inhaled from a tea- or a coffee-pot standing over a lamp placed by the bedside, or the solution may be put into a pitcher or a tin pan, covered with a perforated paper, through which the patient may inhale the vapor. The patient should breathe quite naturally, taking in the vapor through the mouth, then closing the mouth, and allowing it to escape through the nose, breathing five or six times in succes- sion before intermitting the inhalations. If the patient is not in bed, he should inhale the vapor in the evening before retiring, or if done in the daytime, he should remain indoors subsequently for about half an hour to prevent taking cold. The inhalation of moist air, which is sometimes ordered in croup, diphtheria, and after tracheotomy, may be secured by keeping kettles of boiling water in the room, or by placing small pieces of unslaked lime in pans of water. Endermic Medication. — This consists in the pro- duction of a blister, the removal of the epidermis, and the application of the drug in the form of a powder, ointment, or solution to the denuded surface. 1 6 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. This method is now rarely used, except in cases where it is desirable to combine the counterirritant action of the blister with the local sedative effect of morphin. Absorption of Medicines. — The rapidity of absorp- tion depends upon four things : i. The state of the circulatioti. If the circulation is active, absorption is active ; if depressed, as in shock, for instance, absorption is slow. 2. The physical state of the medicine. A drug given in a soluble form is absorbed more quickly than when given in a solid form. Drugs given in solution are more quickly absorbed and have greater effect than when given in pill or powder form. Alcoholic solutions are generally more quickly absorbed than water solutions. 3. The part to which the drug is applied. Absorption is quickest from serous membranes, next from intercellu- lar tissue, and slowest from mucous membranes. The vascularity and rate of absorption from intercellular tis- sue is greater on the inner sides of the arms and legs than on their outer surfaces. Medicine given upon an empty stomach is more rapidly absorbed because it comes in contact with all parts of the mucous mem- brane and is not impeded by the presence of food. For instance, wine taken with dinner may have little effect, whereas the same amount taken on an empty stomach may produce intoxication. Absorption is more certain and rapid when the drug is given hypodermically than when given by the mouth or rectum, because it enters directly into the circulation and is not subjected to modi- fication by altered conditions in the stomach and intes- tine. In the alimentary canal there is not only the con- dition of the circulation to be considered, but also the GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. \J fulness or emptiness of the stomach and intestine, the condition of their epithelial covering and of their nervous supply. Certain conditions in these organs may not only delay, but entirely prevent, absorption. The more rapid the absorption or the slower the excretion of any drug, the greater will be its effect. Absorption from the lungs is rapid on account of their large blood- supply. 4. The power the drug has of passing rapidly through a living membrane. In order to be absorbed from the stomach or intestines, or in any way to enter the circula- tion, except by direct injection, the drug must pass through walls of capillaries or lymphatics, and hence must be in solution or in a finely divided state, as in emulsion. But, in addition to this, the osmotic action of the animal membranes is evinced more markedly in the absorption of some drugs than in others, owing probably to inherent properties of their own, irrespective of solubility. Cumulative Action. — Some drugs are excreted from the body so slowly that the whole of one dose is not excreted before the next one is given, consequently the amount present in the body gradually increases, and after a while severe symptoms may appear, due to the accumulation of the poison in the body. This is called " cumulative action." The duration of the action of drugs depends chiefly upon the rapidity or slowness of their elimination from the body. Idiosyncrasy. — Idiosyncrasy is a peculiarity of con- stitution whereby certain individuals are affected by a drug or agent in a manner entirely different from the ordinary. Thus, in some the smallest dose of quinin 2 1 8 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. produces ringing in the ears and deafness, in others shell- fish produces hives, etc. Dosage. — Age, Weight, and Sex. — The dose of a drug is regulated by the age, weight, and sex of the patient. The dose for a child is one-seventh of that for an adult ; the dose for a woman is usually smaller than that for a man. Vigorous persons require larger doses as a rule than those who are delicate. Persons addicted to the use of alcoholic liquors, or to opium, morphin, chloral, etc., require a larger dose of that drug to pro- duce the desired result than a person whose system has not been accustomed to its use. Method of Administration. — The dose given hypo- dermically is usually one-half to one-quarter of that given by the mouth ; and the dose given by rectum is usually twice the amount given by mouth. Disease. — In illness the dose is increased or decreased according to the severity of the disease or the urgency of the case. Thus, very large doses of morphin are tol- erated in severe pain, because the action of the drug is spent in overcoming the pain. In cases of grave shock larger doses of stimulants are given than would be re- quired in conditions of slight depression of the circulation. Pregnancy, menstruation, and lactation modify the doses of some drugs. Combinations. — If a drug be given to antagonize the toxic effects of another drug, its dose may be larger than its ordinary therapeutic dose. The ordinary dose of the sulphate of atropin is y^- of a grain, while in opium- poisoning as much as from -^ to ^ of a grain may be given. Calomel can be given more freely if a saline cath- artic be given with it to prevent its cumulative effects. In the purgative pill consisting of aloes, belladonna, CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 1 9 and strychnin, aloes is a mild purgative, acting chiefly on the lower portion of the intestines ; belladonna in- creases peristalsis and checks the griping excited by the aloes, while strychnin acts as a general tonic to the stomach and intestines, exerting its chief influence on the nervous system. Another instance is the combination of morphin and chloral given in insomnia. Chloral depresses the heart, and cannot be given in full doses when the heart is weak ; morphin not only produces sleep, but stimulates the heart and depresses the respiration. Hence, small doses of each are given together to produce sleep, so that neither the heart nor respiration suffers. Temperature. — Some drugs are more rapidly elimi- nated in hot weather than in cold, because the skin is more active. In hot climates larger doses are given than in cold climates, because the heat assists elimination. Toleration and Habit. — When a patient has been taking a drug for some time the system becomes accus- tomed to it and can tolerate a large dose without injury. This toleration may continue until the habit of taking the drug is formed. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. Alteratives. — Medicines which, without exerting any perceptible action on any particular organ, modify the processes of nutrition, and thus restore the normal func- tions of the body. Mercury, Iodids, Iodin, Arsenic, Iodoform, Ichthyol, Guaiac, Gold, Sulphur, Cod-liver oil, Iodol, Taraxacum, Colchicum, Xanthoxylum, Sarsaparilla. 20 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Anesthetics. — Agents which destroy sensation. There are two varieties, local and general. General an- esthetics act on the central nervous system and destroy sensation throughout the whole body. Local anesthe- tics destroy the sensibility of a part by direct action on peripheral nerves. General Anesthetics. Ether, Chloroform, Nitrous oxid, Methylene bichlorid, Bromoform, Ethyl bromid, Ethyl chlorid. Local Anesthetics. Carbolic acid, Cocain, Ether spray, Ice, Methyl chlorid, Eucain, Chloral-camphor, Veratrin. Analgesics. — See Anodynes. Antacids. — Agents which neutralize acids, are divided into direct and remote. Direct antacids lessen acidity in the stomach, mote antacids have little power over the acidity in the stomach, but, by being oxidized in the blood, they are excreted as carbonates in the urine and so lessen its acidity. They Re- Direct. Lime-water, Chalk, Liquor potassae, Liquor sodae, Aromatic spirit of ammonia, Sodium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesia, Magnesium carbonate, Bismuth subnitrate. Remote. Lithium carbonate, Lithium citrate, Potassium carbonate, Potassium acetate, Potassium bitartrate, Potassium tartrate. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 21 Anodynes — Analgesics. — Agents which relieve pain. They are divided into general and local. General anodynes when taken internally affect the whole system. Local anodynes affect the part to which they are applied, some by lessening the excitability of the sensory nerves, and some by reducing the local circulation. Local. General. Moist and dry heat, Opium, Extreme cold, Morphin, Ice, Antipyrin, Aconite, Phenacetin, Opium, Acetanilid, Morphin, Bromids, Belladonna, Cannabis indica. Chloroform, Cocain, Ether-chloroform, Chloral-camphor. Anthelmintics. — Remedies used to kill or expel intestinal worms, the chief of which are round worms, tape-worms, and thread-worms. For round worms — Santonin, spigelia, chenopodium. For tape-worms — Cusso, filix mas, turpentine, chloro- form, pelletierin, kamala, pumpkin seed. For thread-worms — Enemas containing lime-water, quassia, sodium chlorid, vinegar. Antiperiodics. — Agents which lessen the severity or check the progress of certain diseases which recur peri- odically. They are also termed antimalarials. Cinchona and its alkaloids, Iodin, Arsenic, Eucalyptol, Salicin, Warburg's tincture, Salicylates, Bebeerin. 22 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Antipyretics or Febrifuges.— Agents which re- duce the temperature of the body. Antipyrin, Acetanilid, Phenacetin, Quinin, Thallin, Alcohol, Aconite, Nitrous ether, Salicylates. Cold bath, Cold pack, Cold enema, Cold douche, The application of cold by bathing, douching, or sponging is considered the best way of lowering tem- perature, because of its stimulating effect upon the cir- culation and nervous system. Antiseptics. — Agents which prevent the develop- ment of germs or completely destroy them. They are used internally and externally. Corrosive sublimate, Boric acid, Iodol, Alcohol, Thymol, Iodoform, Lysol, Creolin, Oxalic acid, Zinc chlorid, Salicylic acid, Quinin, Benzoin, Carbolic acid, Formalin, Potassium permanganate, Creosote, Iodin, Peroxid of hydrogen, Borax, Oil of eucalyptus, Chlorid of lime Sulphurous acid, Naphthalin, Aristol. (See Disinfectants) Antihydrotics or Anhydroties.— Agents which lessen the secretion of sweat. Atropin, Cold, Belladonna, Picrotoxin, Sulphuric acid, Camphoric acid. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 23 Antisialics. — Agents which decrease the flow of saliva. Atropin, Borax, Chlorate of potassium, Opium, Physostigmin. Antispasmodics.— Agents which prevent or allay spasm of the voluntary or involuntary muscles. Ether, Hoffman's anodyne, Bromids, Chloral, Valerian, Asafetida, Musk, Chloroform, Amyl nitrite, Camphor, Alcohol, Opium, Hops, Belladonna, Lobelia, Antipyrin, Monobromate of camphor. Antiijymotics. — Agents which arrest the fermentative processes. See Antiseptics and Disinfectants. Antiphlogistics. — Medicines and means which reduce inflammation. Counterirritation, Cold, Purgation, Rest (recumbent position), Bleeding, Mercury, Opium, Aconite, Antimony. Astringents. — Agents which cause contraction of the tissues and lessen secretion from mucous membranes. They are divided into two classes — remote and local. Remote astringents act on the internal organs through the circulation ; local astringents act on the part to which they are applied. Remote. Lead acetate, Gallic acid, Acid, Zinc oxid, Sulphate of copper, Local. Tannic acid, Alum, Salts of bismuth, Salts of iron, Acetate of lead, Gallic and tannic acid. 24 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Cardiac Sedatives. — Medicines which lessen the frequency and force of the heart's action. Aconite, Veratrum viride, Tartar emetic, Hydrocyanic acid. Cardiac Stimulants. — Medicines which the force and frequency of the heart's action Ether, Alcohol, Caffein, Digitalis, Cocain, Camphor, Adonin, Ammonia, increase Spartein, Strychnin, Nitroglycerin, Strophanthus, Nitrite of amyl, Cactus grandiflorus, Hydrastinin hydrochlorate. Heat is one of the most powerful and most easily ob- tained cardiac stimulants, and, in the absence of a physi- cian, should take precedence of all other remedies. Carminatives. — Remedies which aid in the expul- sion of gas from the stomach and intestines by increasing peristalsis and stimulating the circulation. Oil of peppermint, Oil of turpentine, Oil of anise, Oil of cinnamon, Valerian, Chloroform, Cloves, Mustard, Ginger, Asafetida, Camphor, Capsicum, Pepper. Cathartics. — Agents which increase intestinal evacu- ations. They are divided into : I. Laxatives. — Drugs which produce normal stools. Sulphur, Castor oil (small doses), Figs, Calomel (small doses), Magnesia, Cascara sagrada, Prunes, Honey, Molasses, Citrate of magnesium. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 2$ 2. Purgatives are more active than laxatives, and produce large soft stools. Calomel (large doses), Aloes, Senna, Castor oil (large doses), Rhubarb. Purgatives in small doses act as laxatives, and laxatives in large doses become purgatives. 3. Hydragogues. — Drugs which produce copious watery stools. Epsom salt, Jalap, Rochelle salt, Elaterium, Seidlitz powder, Sodium sulphate. 4. Drastics. — Drugs which produce violent action of the bowels, and in large doses cause gastro-intestinal inflammation. Croton oil, Elaterium, Colocynth, Scammony, Gamboge. 5. Cholagogues. — Drugs which stimulate the secre- tion of the liver, causing dark stools. Mercury, Podophyllin, Ipecac, Sodium phosphate, Euonymin. Cerebral Stimulants. — Drugs which stimulate the functional activity of the brain. Cocain, Alcohol, Strychnin, Caffein, Thein, Cannabis indica. Cerebral Depressants. — Drugs which lessen the activity of the brain. Under this heading are included hypnotics, narcotics, and general anesthetics. 26 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Counterirritants. — Drugs which produce inflamma- tion of the parts to which they are applied. They re- lieve pain, reabsorb inflammatory products, and modify internal inflammatory processes. They are divided into rubefacients and epispastics, or vesicants. Rubefacients produce merely redness of the skin : Turpentine, Mustard, Ammonia, Iodin, Capsicum. Epispastics, or Vesicants, produce blisters : Strong ammonia water, Cantharides, Tartar emetic ointment, Croton oil. Deliriants. — Drugs which excite the activity of the brain to such a degree as to produce delirium and some- times convulsions. Alcohol (in full doses), Cannabis indica, Opium (during first stage), Belladonna, Hyoscyamus, Stramonium. Digestives. — Drugs which promote digestion by chemical action. Hydrochloric acid, Pancreatin, Pepsin. Bscharoties, or Caustics, destroy the life of the soft tissues to which they are applied, and form a slough. Caustic potash, Caustic soda, Zinc chlorid, Copper sulphate, Chromic acid, Silver nitrate, Bromin, Sulphuric acid, Carbolic acid, Arsenous acid, Nitrate of mercury solution. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 2? Demulcents are substances which soothe inflamed mucous membranes. They are generally of a mucilag- inous character. Flaxseed tea, White of egg, Starch, Honey, Olive oil, Gelatin, Glycerin. Deodorants. — Remedies which destroy bad odors. Carbolic acid, Charcoal, Lime. Diaphoretics. — Remedies which increase the secre- tion of sweat. Opium, Pilocarpin, Hot packs, Alcohol, Hot baths, Vapor baths, Warburg's tincture. Disinfectants. — Remedies which destroy noxious germs. The greatest disinfectant is heat; boiling water will, as a rule, destroy bacteria in from five to ten minutes. Next to boiling water steam is the most powerful agent, and next to steam, hot air. The chemical agents are : Corrosive sublimate, Carbolic acid, Formalin, Chlorin, Chlorid of zinc, Salicylic acid, Thymol, Creolin, Lysol. Diuretics. — Remedies which cause an increased flow of urine. They are divided into refrigerant or hydra- gogue diuretics and stimulant diuretics. Stitmilant. Refrigerant. Turpentine, Potassium salts, Buchu, Sodium, Juniper, Digitalis, 28 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Stimulant. Refrigerant. Copaiba, CafTein, Sandal wood, Strophanthus, Cubebs, Squill, Cantharides, Theobromin, Eucalyptus, Scoparius. Uva ursi, Benzoic acid. Emetics. — Remedies which induce vomiting. They are divided into peripheral or stimulating emetics, which produce emesis by direct action on the stomach ; and central emetics which produce their effect by acting upon the vomiting center in the brain. Peripheral Emetics. Central Emetics. Warm water, Apomorphin, Mustard, Ipecac (partly central), Alum, Tartar emetic (partly central). Zinc sulphate, Copper sulphate. Antiemetics. — Remedies which lessen nausea and vomiting. Oxalate cerium, Hot water, Crushed ice, Lime-water, Creosote, Cocain, Carbolic acid, Bismuth, Alcohol, Morphin, Mustard plaster over epigastrium. Emmenagogttes. — Remedies which restore the menstrual flow. They are divided into direct and in- direct. Direct emmenagogues are those which stimu- late the uterine muscular fiber ; the indirect improve the blood and tone up the nervous system. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 2 9 Direct. Ergot, Permanganate potassium, Pulsatilla, Quinin, Cantharis, Myrrh, Apiol. Indirect. Iron, Manganese, Cod-liver oil, Strychnin, Mercuric iodid, Purgatives (aloes), Hot Sitz baths, Hot foot baths, Mustard Sitz baths, Mustard foot baths, Mustard stupes or poultices to thighs. Expectorants. — Remedies which increase the amount of sputum formed in the air-passages, or so modify its character as to promote its expulsion with greater ease. They are divided into sedative or nauseating expectorants and stimulant expectorants. Nauseating expectorants lower the blood-pressure, increase the secretion, and in large doses cause vomiting. Stimulant expectorants stimulate the bronchial mu- cous membrane, modify and diminish its secretion, and facilitate expectoration. Natiseating Expectorants. Ipecac, Apomorphin, Tartar emetic, Lobelia, Potassium citrate. Stimulant Expectorants. Terebene, Squill, Senega, Copaiba, Creosote, Ammonium chlorid, Eucalyptus, Oil of sandal wood. 30 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Febrifuges. — Remedies which lower the body-tem- perature. (See Antipyretics^) Hemostatics or Styptics.— Agents which arrest hemorrhage. Salt, Digitalis, Antipyrin, Alum, Position, Tannic acid, Ergot, Pressure, Ferric chlorid, Vinegar, Morphin, Actual cautery, Ferric sulphate, Acetate of lead. Ice and heat are also hemostatics, heat being the better, as it causes the blood-vessels to shrink. Ice by paralyzing the vessels stops the hemorrhage for a while, but when removed, and the circulation is re- stored, bleeding begins again. Moreover, with the appli- cation of ice which is gathered from various sources, there is the danger of introducing germs into the system. Hypnotics. — Remedies which induce sleep. Chloral hydrate, Hyoscin, Opium, Bromids, Trional, Chloralamid, Paraldehyd, Sulphonal, Hypnal, Heat to the feet and abdomen, Somnal. A cup of hot cocoa and a cracker, or a glass of hot milk, will sometimes induce sleep by diverting the blood- supply from the brain. X,axatives. See Purgatives. Mydriatics.— Agents which dilate the pupil of the eye. Homatropin, Daturin, Atropin, Duboisin, Gelsemin, Cocain. Myotics. — Agents which contract the pupil of the eye. Physostigmin (eserin), Pilocarpin. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 3 1 Narcotics. — Drugs which produce profound sleep or stupor. Large doses cause coma and death. Opium, Chloral, Alcohol, Chloroform, Cannabis indica, Ether. Nerve-stimulants. — Remedies which increase the activity of the cerebrospinal system. Alcohol, Nux vomica, CafTein, Brucin, Coca, Exercise, Thein, Ignatia, Friction. Nerve-sedatives. — Remedies which act as sedatives to the entire nervous system. Chloral, Asafetida, Belladonna, Urethan, Antipyrin, Bromoform, Bromids, Sulphonal, Croton chloral, Valerian, Phenacetin, Cannabis indica, Antifebrin (acetanilid). Oxytocics. — Drugs which increase the uterine con- tractions during and after labor. Ergot, Cotton root, Quinin, Hydrastis. Refrigerants. — Remedies which relieve thirst and impart a feeling of coolness. Effervescing drinks, Cold water, Vegetable and mineral acids, Cold baths, Fruit juices, Cold packs, Ice, Cold sponging. Respiratory Sedatives. — Drugs which lessen the 32 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. activity of the respiratory center, causing thereby slow, shallow respirations. Opium, Aconite, Chloral, Tartar emetic, Hydrocyanic acid. Respiratory Stimulants. — Drugs which increase the activity of the respiratory center, making respirations deep and rapid. Ammonia, Atropin, Strychnin, Caffein, Cocain. Pulmonary Sedatives. — Remedies which relieve cough and dyspnea by their sedative action on the peripheral nerves of the lungs. Opium, Hyoscyamus, Amyl nitrite, Codein, Belladonna, Chloroform, Cannabis indica, Hydrocyanic acid. The morning cough of tuberculosis can often be miti- gated by a warm nourishing drink, such as a cup of warm cocoa, on first awaking. Tonics. — Remedies which restore energy and impart permanent strength to the whole body. Iron, Hydrochloric acid, Cod-liver oil, Arsenic, Nitrohydrochloric Strychnin, Phosphorus, acid, Quinin, Bichlorid of mercury (minute doses). Stomachics or Gastric Tonics. — Drugs which in- crease the flow of gastric juice and improve the appetite and digestion. Alkalies (well diluted and taken before meals), Cinchona, Dilute acids, Alcohol, Quassia, Gentian, Quinin, Calumba, Nux vomica. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. 33 Uterine Depressants. — Drugs which lower the ac- tivity of the uterine contractions. Opium, Chloroform, Chloral, Bromids, Viburnum prunifolium. Vesical Sedatives. — Remedies which lessen irrita- bility of the bladder. Belladonna, . Hyoscyamus, Opium, Mucilaginous drinks. Vascular Sedatives. — Drugs which increase the contraction of the vessels and lessen the flow of blood through them. Used chiefly to prevent hemorrhage and to lessen local inflammation. Ergot, Opium, Digitalis, Lead acetate, Cold. Vascular Stimulants. — Drugs which dilate the peripheral vessels and thus increase the rapidity of blood through them, equalizing the circulation and preventing congestion of internal organs. Ether, Alcohol, Amyl nitrate, Nitroglycerin, Nitrous ether, Dover's powder, Acetate of ammonia, Heat in its various forms. Vascular Tonics. — Drugs which contract the arte- rioles or capillaries, and consequently increase the blood- pressure. Iron, Ergot, Strychnin, Digitalis, PART II MATERIA MEDICA. Acetanilid (Antifebrin). — Action and Uses. — Acet- anilid is an antipyretic, analgesic, a hemostatic in hemop- tysis and epistaxis, and in large quantities an antiseptic. By relieving pain it aids in securing sleep. The effects of a toxic dose are ringing in the ears, deafness, a slow, weak, and compressible pulse, subnor- mal temperature, slow and shallow breathing, cold sweats, and a blue, livid face. The treatment of poisoning* consists in the applica- tion of heat to all parts of the body, and the use of heart-stimulants. As an antiseptic acetanilid is used as a substitute for iodoform. Dose, 5 to io grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). Acetophenone (Hypnone). — Action and Uses. — Acetophenone, or hypnone, as it is more commonly called, is a hypnotic usually given in nervous cases and in sleeplessness without pain. It is depressing in its action, and for this reason is often used with alcohol. Toxic doses cause muscular paralysis and death from failure of the respiration. Dose, 2 to 5 minims (0.1 2-0.3 c.c.) in capsule. 34 MATERIA MEDIC A. 35 ACIDS. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum). — Action and Uses. — Locally pure acetic acid is used as a caustic in skin- affections. Acetic Acid, Dilute (Acidum Aceticum Dilutum). — Applied to the skin, acetic acid is a stimulant; sponged over the body, it reduces the temperature and checks perspiration. It is also employed as an astringent in arresting hemorrhage. Dose, |to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- Acetic acid in overdose is a corrosive poison, causing severe pain in the throat, extending to the abdomen, pro- fuse purging, and collapse. Treatment consists in giving large quantities of milk, chalk, magnesia, lime-water, or soap-water. Acetlim (Vinegar). — Vinegar is much used as a fo- mentation in sprains, as a lotion in cases of headache, in bathing water to cool the skin and reduce fever, and as an astringent in arresting hemorrhage from the nose, womb, etc. Its vapor is inhaled for the relief of vomit- ing after anesthesia. It is also used in enemata for the relief of seat-worms. Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c.) as an enema, I to 3 parts of water. Anisic Acid. — Action and Uses. — Anisic acid is an antiseptic and antipyretic, resembling in its action the salicylates. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (o. 3-0. 6 gm.). Arsenous Acid (Acidum Arsenosum ; White Arsenic). — Metallic arsenic is inert and is not used in medicine. The preparations are all derived from white arsenic. Action and Uses. — Taken internally in small doses, arsenic is a general tonic, stomachic, alterative, and anti- 36 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. periodic. It improves the appetite, digestion, and nutri- tion, and increases the strength and quantity of the blood. Externally, applied to any part in a concentrated form, it is a caustic ; in the dilute form it is an irritant and antiseptic. When applied locally to the broken skin, an ulcerated surface, or a mucous membrane, it may be absorbed and produce the general effects of the drug upon the system. Dose, fa to 2V of a grain (0.0016- 0.0032 gm.), usually given after meals, as it is apt to irri- tate the stomach if given when that organ is empty. The conditions in which arsenic is most commonly prescribed are neuralgia, chorea, anemia, chronic malaria, phthisis, diabetes, chronic rheumatism, and certain chronic inflammatory skin-diseases. When a patient is taking arsenic, such symptoms as pufiiness about the eyes, griping pains in the abdomen, and slight diarrhea are danger-signals, and when they appear the drug should be suspended. Large doses of arsenic produce severe pain in the esophagus, stomach, and abdomen, violent vomiting and purging, severe cramps in the calves of the legs, various eruptions on the skin, swelling of the face, and collapse. Treatment of Acute Poisoning. — Administer a prompt emetic of mustard and water, give warm demulcent drinks, such as flaxseed tea, milk with white of egg, or flour and water, which will assist the vomiting and envelop the poison. The best antidote is freshly precipitated hydrated sesquioxid of iron in the moist state, which should be given in doses of a tablespoonful every ten minutes. It may be extemporaneously prepared by diluting the tinct- ure chlorid of iron with water and adding ammonia to precipitate the sesquioxid. Another method used with some success consists in giving a mixture of chalk and MATERIA MEDICA. 37 castor oil of the consistency of cream, which envelops the particles of poison adhering to the mucous membrane and renders them harmless while being carried through the bowels and evacuated. Heat must be applied to all parts of the body and stimulants given. Chronic arsenical poisoning 1 may result from the in- halation of dust or vapor arising from wall-paper or other fabrics dyed with arsenic. It is characterized by loss of flesh and strength, asthmatic seizures, pigmentation of the skin, and loss of power and sensation from inflamma- tion of peripheral nerves. Preparations of Arsenic. — Arsenic Iodid (Arseni Iodidum). — Dose, ^ to ^ grain (0.0022-0.0065 gm.). Solution of Arsenous Acid (Liquor Acidi Arsenosi). — Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Arsenate of Sodium (Sodii Arsenas). — Dose, -^ to jig- grain (0.0022-0.0065 gm.). Cigarettes made of bibulous paper which has been saturated with a solution of sodium arsenate and dried are smoked for the relief of asthma. Solution of Arsenic Bromid (Liquor Arseni Bromidi ; Clemens' Solution). — Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Solution of Arsenic a?id Mercuric Iodid (Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi ; Donovan's Solution). — Dose, 1 to 3 minims (0.06-0.18 c.c). Solution of Sodium Arsenate (Liquor Sodii Arsenatis ; Pearson's Solution). — Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Solution of Potassium Arsenite (Liquor Potassii Arse- nitis; Fowler's Solution). — Dose, 2 to 8 minims (0.12- 0.5 c.c). When the local action of arsenic is desired, it is given before meals, so that nothing will prevent the action of the drug upon the walls of the stomach and intestines ; 38 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. but when absorption is desired, in order to secure its general action, it is given immediately after meals, so that it will mix with the food and be absorbed. The dose is gradually increased until such symptoms as loss of appetite, irritation or soreness of the conjunctiva, swelling about the eyes, nausea, or diarrhea arise, after which it is gradually diminished (see chart). Fowler's solution is the liquid preparation most commonly used, and the chart is specially designed for that form. Dosage Chart. Fowler's Solution. Name Bed Ward Room Floor Date Dose, 2 to 8 minims, t.i.d., P. C. Increase 1 drop every day until 8 drops are taken three times a day; then as gradually decrease the dose. Day. 8 A. M. I P. M. 6 P. M. Remarks. Monday . . . 2 2 2 Tuesday . 3 2 2 Wednesday 3 3 2 Thursday . 3 3 3 Friday . , 3 4 3 Saturday . 4 4 3 Sunday 4 4 4 Monday . 4 5 4 Tuesday . 5 5 4 Wednesday 5 5 5 Thursday . 5 6 5 Friday . . 6 6 5 Saturday . 6 6 6 Sunday 6 7 6 Monday . 7 7 6 Tuesday . 7 7 7 Wednesday 7 8 7 Thursday . 8 8 7 Friday .... 8 8 8 MATERIA MEDIC A. 39 Children, as a rule, bear arsenic better than adults; susceptible persons bear it better if it is given with opium. Tolerance is sometimes established, and large doses can be taken without poisonous effect. It is eliminated by the mucous membrane of the alimentary canal, kidneys, liver, and skin. Benzoic Acid (Acidum Benzoicum). — See Benzoin. Boric Acid (Acidum Boricum ; Boracic Acid).— Ac- tion and Uses. — Boric acid is a disinfectant, antiseptic, and deodorant. Internally the action of boric acid and its salts is somewhat diuretic, and tends to retard the decomposition of the urine. In large doses it is a gastro-intestinal irritant, producing nausea, vomiting, a feeble, rapid pulse, subnormal temperature, ecchymoses, hiccough, and collapse. Locally it is used in solution, ointment, and powder, as applications to wounds, burns, scalds, and various skin- diseases, to lessen excessive secretion or irritation. Mixed with an equal quantity of starch it is used as a dusting- powder in chapping and excoriation of the skin and to remove the odor of perspiration. It has also an astrin- gent action. A 4-per-cent. solution is largely used as a wash in inflammatory eye-diseases, in the treatment of wounds, and for irrigation. To make the 2-per-cent. solution add 9 grains to I ounce of water. To make the 4 " " " 18 " 1 " " To make the 5 " " " 22 " 1 " " To make the 10 " " " 45 " 1 " " A saturated solution of boric acid is one in which the water dissolves as much as it will of the drug. It is impossible to make a saturated solution of boric acid too strong, because the water cannot take up more than I in 30, which is the usual strength used. 40 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Sodium Borate (Sodii Boras; Borax). — Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.). Camphoric Acid (Acidum Camphoricum). — Action and Uses. — Camphoric acid is chiefly used internally in checking the night-sweats of phthisis. Locally it is sometimes used in sore throat and cystitis. Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). As a local application to the throat a i-per-cent. solu- tion is commonly employed, and a half of a i-per-cent. solution is used for washing out the bladder. Carbolic Acid (Acidum Carbolicum ; Phenol ; Phenic Acid). — Action and Uses. — Carbolic acid is used exter- nally as an antiseptic, disinfectant, deodorant, local anes- thetic, and caustic. When applied to the skin it produces a white stain due to the coagulation of albumen, and diminishes the sensibility of the part. Internally in di- luted solutions it is an astringent intestinal antiseptic, and through a certain action on the nervous system it alleviates pain. Carbolic acid is rapidly absorbed by the unbroken skin. Dose, \ to 2 minims (0.03-0. 1 3 c.c.) in sweetened water. The strength of the solutions used for the cleansing of instruments, etc., are 1 : 20 to 1 : 40 ; as a spray or mouth- wash 1 : 80 or 1 : 100; and for a poultice 1 : 60 to 1 : 80. Solutions of the last strength are also used for vaginal douches. It must be remembered that carbolic acid is rapidly absorbed ; for this reason many surgeons have the douche followed with one of plain water. Symp- toms of poisoning have been produced by the absorption of the drug from surgical dressings. The first evidences of carbolic-acid poisoning are a dark discoloration of the urine, due to various products of the oxidation of the acid, giddiness, ringing in the ears, MATERIA MEDIC A. 4 1 headache, and lassitude. On the appearance of any of these symptoms the drug should be discontinued. The symptoms of a poisonous dose are burning pain in the throat, stomach, and abdomen, vomiting and purg- ing, cold clammy skin, a rapid feeble pulse, rapid respira- tions, collapse, delirium, and death, which may be pre- ceded by convulsions. The mouth and lips may be covered with white corrugated patches from the local action of the drug. Treatment. — The chemical antidote is Epsom or Glauber salts. To allay irritation demulcent drinks, such as equal parts of milk and lime-water, white of egg y or flaxseed tea, may be administered. The body tem- perature must be kept up by the external application of heat, and heart-failure combatted by the hypodermic use of stimulants. Oils or glycerin should not be given, since they aid absorption by dissolving the acid. Sulphocarbolate of sodium is a derivative of carbolic acid, and is used internally as an antiseptic and antipy- retic. It is without the dangers of carbolic acid. Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). Chromic Acid (Acidum Chromicum ; Chromic Tri- oxid). — Action and Uses. — Chromic acid is used exter- nally as a caustic and escharotic for the destruction of syphilitic warts and similar growths, its action being deep but slow. It has also been used as an antiseptic, de- odorant, and disinfectant, in the strength of 1 to 40 parts of water. Cinnamic Acid (Acidum Cinnamicum). — Action and Uses. — Cinnamic acid has been used in tuberculosis both internally and externally. Dose, 1 to 10 minims (0.06 to 0.6 c.c.) hypodermic- ally. 42 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Citric Acid (Acidum Citricum). — Action and Uses. — Citric acid is usually prepared from lemon-juice, and is often used as a substitute for the latter. It is refriger- ant, diuretic, and diaphoretic, and has also mild antiseptic properties. It is much used in the prevention and cure of scurvy, in rheumatism and catarrhal jaundice, as a cooling drink, and in effervescing draughts. Locally it has been employed in arresting hemorrhages from the lungs, nose, and womb. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.) ; of the syrup, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). Gallic Acid (Acidum Gallicum). — Action and Uses. — Gallic acid is an astringent. Internally it is used in checking hemorrhage and excessive secretions, as in diarrhea, diabetes, and night-sweats. It is eliminated by the kidneys. Dose, 2 to 40 grains (0.13-2.59 gm.) given in pill, solution, or powder. Locally, in the form of an ointment with opium, it is astringent and sedative. Hydriodic Acid, Dilute (Acidum Hydriodicum Dilutum). — Action and Uses. — Hydriodic acid is an alterative, and is used for the same purposes as potas- sium iodid. Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Hydrobromic Acid, Dilute (Acidum Hydrobromi- cum Dilutum). — Action and Uses. — The action of di- lute hydrobromic acid is similar to that of the bromids, but it is not so powerful, and hence it is less depressing and less apt to cause acne. It is useful in congestive headaches, neuralgia, and hysteria. It is sometimes combined with quinin to prevent cinchonism. Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum; Mu- MATERIA MEDIC A. 43 riatic Acid). — Action and Uses. — Dilute hydrochloric acid is an astringent, refrigerant, and tonic. Being a normal constituent of the gastric juice, it is used as an aid to digestion ; it is also used as a tonic, and locally as a solvent for carious bone and an application to ulcers. Locally the strong acid is used as a caustic in removing warts and other small growths. Dose, 2 to 10 minims (0.12-0.6 c.c.) well diluted. It should be taken through a glass tube to prevent injury to the teeth. Hydrochloric Acid, Dilute (Acidum Hydrochlori- cum Dilutum ; Dilute Muriatic Acid). — Dilute hydro- chloric acid is valuable as an aid to digestion. Dose, 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). Hydrocyanic Acid, or Prussic Acid (Acidum Hydrocyanicum ; Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid). — Action and Uses. — Hydrocyanic acid is a nerve-sedative and antispasmodic. It is used in vomiting and coughs of nervous origin. Externally it is used to relieve irritation and itching in skin-diseases. Applied to the skin, it penetrates the epidermis and paralyzes the sensory nerves in the derma. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.) ; as a wash, 20 to 60 minims (1.2-3.7 c - c -) to l ounce of water (30 c.c). Symptoms of intolerance are heavy headache, giddi- ness, a peculiar bitter taste in the mouth, and a tight feeling in the stomach. Upon the appearance of either of these symptoms the drug should be stopped and the physician notified. Symptoms of Poisoning". — Prussic acid is one of the most rapidly fatal poisons, half a grain having proved fatal. The symptoms usually commence during the act of swallowing. There is immediate loss of the muscular 44 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. power ; the patient froths at the mouth and staggers and falls to the ground ; the face is livid or pallid ; the eyes glassy and prominent ; the pupils dilated and insensible to light ; the pulse slow and full ; and the respirations diffi- cult. Death sometimes occurs in violent convulsions. A strong characteristic odor of bitter almonds is exhaled. Treatment. — Such is the rapidity with which the drug produces its effects that there is rarely time for remedies. Dashing cold water over the face and chest, artificial res- piration, the cautious inhalation of ammonia, and the use of stimulants internally and externally may be tried. I/actic Acid (Acidum Lacticum). — Lactic acid is obtained from the fermentation of milk, and appears as an odorless, colorless, syrupy liquid. Externally it is used as a caustic, astringent, and solvent of false mem- brane. Internally it is sometimes used as an antiseptic and astringent in diarrhea. Locally it is much used in throat affections, particularly diphtheria, membranous croup, and tuberculosis of the larynx. Dose, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c.) freely diluted; as a local application, a solution of 1 to 5 is generally used. I^actic Acid, Dilute (Acidum Lacticum Dilutum). — Dose, \ to 2 drams (1.9-7.5 c.c). Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum ; Aqua Fortis). — Action and Uses. — Internally nitric acid is a tonic, astringent, and antiseptic. Externally it is an astringent and escharotic. Dose, 2 to 5 minims (0.12-0.3 c.c), given after meals, well diluted, and through a glass tube. As a lotion it is used in the strength of from 10 to 20 minims to 1 pint of water. Nitric Acid, Dilute (Acidum Nitricum Dilutum). — Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). MATERIA MEDIC A. 45 The symptoms of poisoning" are essentially the same as those of hydrochloric acid, except that the tongue is swollen and of a citron color. The vapor of this acid is destructive to life, and great care must be taken not to inhale the fumes. The treatment of poisoning' is the same as in the case of hydrochloric acid. Nitromuriatic Acid (Nitrohydrochloric Acid ; Aci- dum Nitrohydrochloricum). — Action and Uses. — Nitro- hydrochloric acid is used internally to stimulate the secretions of the liver and bowel. It is an excellent tonic and stomachic in convalescence from acute dis- eases. Locally it is employed in form of baths and fomentations. Dose, i to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.) well diluted; of the dilute, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). F 'or fomentations , 1 to 2 drams to 1 pint of water. For sponging or general bath, about 6 ounces of acid to 4 gallons of hot water (temperature 98 F.). The first symptoms of intolerance are pains in the abdomen, and diarrhea, thirst, and restlessness. Symptoms of poisoning" are severe burning pain ex- tending from mouth to stomach, vomiting and purging of bloody material, and collapse. Treatment. — On account of the corrosive action anti- dotes can rarely be employed in time to prevent serious injury. The antidotes are magnesia, lime, whitewash, and soap. Demulcents like white of egg and oil should be given to allay irritation. External heat and stimulants are required on account of the collapse. Oleic Acid (Acidum Oleicum). — Action and Uses. — Oleic acid in not used in medicine, but as a vehicle for 46 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. remedies to be applied to the skin. It is a fatty sub- stance, and is more quickly absorbed by the skin than the ointments. Oxalic Acid (Acidum Oxalicum).— Action and Uses. — Oxalic acid is a powerful germicide and is chiefly used in surgery as a disinfectant for the hands. It has been used internally in cases of retarded menstruation. Dose, \ to \ grain (0.010-0.032 gm.). Howard A. Kelly, of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, claims that permanganate of potassium and oxalic acid afford the only known practical method of perfectly dis- infecting the hands of the surgeon, and that in this proc- ess the oxalic acid, not the permanganate of potassium, is the essential disinfecting agent. Symptoms of Poisoning". — Oxalic acid is a certain and rapidly-acting poison. It bears a close resemblance to Epsom salts, and has frequently been the cause of accidental death by being mistaken for that drug. When taken in large dose it causes an intensely acrid taste, burning sensation in the throat extending to the stomach, vomiting and purging, intense pain in abdomen, cold clammy skin, an irregular feeble pulse, unconsciousness, and collapse. There may be symptoms pointing to the nervous system, such as convulsions, stupor, and paral- ysis. Treatment. — The best antidote is a paste of chalk and milk or chalk and water ; if chalk is not at hand, mag- nesia, whitewash, or any preparation of lime should be given freely in large doses. After neutralizing the poison, vomiting should be encouraged and followed by mucila- ginous drinks or lime-water and sweet oil. If collapse occurs, apply heat and give stimulants. Phosphoric Acid, Dilute (Acidum Phosphoricum MATERIA ME DIC A. 47 Dilutum). — Action and Uses. — The dilute phosphoric acid is a refrigerant and nerve-tonic. Dose, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 cx -)- Salicylic Acid (Acidum Salicylicum). — Action and Uses. — Salicylic acid appears as a fine white odorless powder. It has a sweetish acrid taste. Internally it is used as antipyretic, intestinal antiseptic, analgesic, and antirheumatic. Externally it is used as antiseptic, as a dusting-powder for sweating feet, and as a solvent rem- edy for corns. It is eliminated by all the secretions. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.), given after meals well diluted ; as an antiseptic 1 to 60 is the usual strength used. Symptoms of intolerance are headache, ringing in the ears, and fulness in the head. If continued these symp- toms deepen and are followed by deafness, a slow weak pulse, fall in temperature, a dark-green discoloration of the urine, delirium, and rapid shallow respirations. Sclerotic Acid (Acidum Scleroticum). — Action and Uses. — Sclerotic acid is a hemostatic, sometimes used as a substitute for ergot. It is usually given hypodermic- ally. Dose, -1 grain (0.03 gm.). Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum ; Oil of Vit- riol). — Action and Uses. — Pure sulphuric acid is a powerful irritant and caustic. It is rarely used internally. Sulphuric Acid, Dilute (Acidum Sulphuricum Di- lutum). — Action and Uses. — The dilute sulphuric acid is a refrigerant, tonic, astringent, and hemostatic. Dose. — Sulphuric acid, I to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c); dilute sulphuric acid, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c); aromatic sulphuric acid (elixir of vitriol), 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c), well diluted. Sulphuric acid should be 48 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. taken through a quill or a glass tube to prevent injuring the teeth. The symptoms of poisoning" and the treatment are the same as those of hydrochloric-acid poisoning. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum). — Action and Uses. — Sulphurous acid is a powerful antiseptic, disinfectant, and deodorant, killing the organisms which produce putrefaction and fermentation. Dose, \ to i dram (1.8-3.7 c.c); as a local applica- tion, 1 part to 3 parts of water or glycerin. Tannic Acid (Acidum Tannicum). — Obtained from nut-galls, and appears as a faintly yellow, bulky pow- der. It is odorless and has an astringent taste. It is an astringent and hemostatic. It is used in arresting hemorrhage, in checking excessive secretion from mu- cous membranes, as an antidote to tartar emetic and all alkaloidal poisons. Dose. — Tannic Acid, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.6 gm.). Glycerite of Tannic Acid, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). Troches, each of which contains 1 grain of tannic acid. Styptic Collodion (Collodium Stypticum), for local use. Ointment (Unguentum Acidi Tannici), for external use. Tartaric Acid (Acidum Tartaricum). — Action and Uses. — Tartaric acid appears as odorless crystals or as a white powder having strongly acid taste. It is em- ployed as a laxative and diuretic. It is one of the ingre- dients in the Seidlitz powder. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.) well diluted. Symptoms of poisoning" are burning pain in throat and stomach, vomiting, purging, and collapse. Treatment. — Chalk and water, magnesia, soapsuds, or lime-water may be given, and followed with demulcent drinks. MATERIA ME DIC A. * *A9 Aconite (Aconitum; Monkshood). — Action and Uses. — Aconite is employed internally as a heart-de- pressant, antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic, and for its effect on the peripheral sensory nervous system, as in the vomiting of pregnancy. Externally it is used as sedative or anesthetic. In medicinal doses it lowers the blood-pressure and pulse-rate, quiets respirations, lowers temperature, and increases somewhat the quantity of urine. When rubbed into the skin it causes numbness and anesthesia. Full doses cause a peculiar sensation of numbness and a tingling in the tongue. If the drug is given in capsule, so that it does not touch the mouth or tongue, the local tingling and numbness are scarcely felt. In susceptible persons aconite may cause a vesic- ular or pustular eruption or an intense itching of the skin. The symptoms of poisoning' are numbness and ting- ling of the lips, tongue, fingers, or whole body ; a slow, weak pulse ; slow, shallow respirations, subnormal tem- perature, pallor of skin, cold sweats, and death in collapse. Convulsions sometimes occur before death. Treatment. — If the symptoms are not very severe, emetics should be given or the stomach washed out with the stomach-pump, the vomited matter being received in a towel, the patient having been placed in bed with the head lowered and the foot of the bed elevated. If the symptoms are severe, emetics should not be given with- out the sanction of a physician, as the vomiting might arrest the action of the heart. Heat must be applied over the heart and to all parts of the body. Heart- stimulants should be given hypodermically, and artificial respiration practised if necessary. Dose. — Extract of Aconite (Extractum Aconiti), \ to \ grain (o.oi -0.016 gm.). 4 50 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Tincture of Aconite (Tinctura Aconiti), I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Fluid Extract of Aconite (Extractum Aconiti Fluidum), 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). Aconite Liniment, St. Jacob's Oil (a patent medicine), is a weak aconite liniment for external use, which contains also alcohol, turpentine, ether, water, and coloring matter. Aconitin (active principle of aconite), -^ to T^o g ra * n (0.0003-0.0006 gm.). Aconite is rapidly absorbed, and when applied locally its action should be watched. The pulse, temperature, and respirations should be taken before the medicine is given. The patient should be kept in bed, if possible, and not allowed to make any exertion or sudden move- ment. Cold draughts must be guarded against. It is excreted by the skin and kidneys. Adeps I/anae HydrostiS (Hydrous Wool Fat ; Lan- olin). — Action and Uses. — Lanolin is used externally as a soothing application in skin-diseases. It is used in the treatment of eruptive fevers to assist desquamation and also as a basis for ointments. Adeps Praeparatus (Prepared Lard). — Purified leaf lard is used externally as emollient, and also for making ointments and cerates. Adonidin (Adonidinum). — Action and Uses. — Adon- idin is a heart-stimulant and diuretic. It is sometimes substituted for digitalis, its action being similar and the effects more quickly produced. Dose, \ to \ grain (0.008-0.016 gm.). Agatkin. — Action and Uses. — Agathin is a new analgesic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). Alcohol. — Action and Uses. — Externally, alcohol is used as a stimulating lotion and antiseptic in cleansing MATERIA MEDIC A. 5 I the skin before operations. Rubbed into the skin it also prevents bedsores by hardening the epidermis. Inter- nally, in moderate amounts, alcohol stimulates the heart and nervous system, favors gastric digestion, increases the sweat and urine, lowers temperature, and, being burnt up in the body, acts as an auxiliary food, on ac- count of its nutrient and antiseptic properties. It is much used in low fevers and wasting diseases. Alcohol is eliminated from the body by the lungs, skin, bowels, and kidneys. Champagne is very useful in obstinate vomiting, es- pecially when given ice-cold. When doing good, in febrile diseases, alcohol lowers the temperature, strengthens and slows the pulse and respirations, moistens the tongue, cools the skin, lessens delirium, and induces sleep. Opposite effects indicate that it is doing harm rather than good. Preparations. S?3SE3C Do - Absolute alcohol 99 Only used externally. Alcohol 91 \ to 2 drams ( 2.0- 8.0 c.c.) Dilute alcohol 41 1 to 4 " ( 4.0-15.0 c.c.) Whiskey (Spiritus Frumenti) . 45 to 50 1 to 4 " ( 4.0-15.0 c.c.) Brandy (Spiritus Vini Gallici) . 45 to 50 1 to 4 " ( 4.0-15.0 c.c.) Gin (Spiritus Juniperi) .... 45 to 50 1 to 4 " ( 4.0-15.0 c.c.) White wine (Vinum Album) . 10 to 14 4 to 8 " (15.0-30.0 c.c.) Red wine (Vinum Rubrum) . . 10 to 14 4 to 8 " (15.0-30.0 c.c.) Sherry wine (Vinum Xericum) 151020 4 to 8 " (15.0-30.0 c.c.) Port wine (Vinum Portense) . . 15 to 20 4 to 8 " (15.0-30.0 c.c.) Claret 8 to 10 8 to 16 " (30.0-60.0 c.c.) Champagne 10 to 13 8 to 16 " (30.0-60.0 c.c.) Ale, beer, and porter 3 to 6 In large doses alcohol produces delirium, a lowered temperature, and a soft, full pulse. If persisted in there is stertorous breathing, insensibility, which deepens into 52 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. coma, and death by paralysis of the heart and respi- ration. Treatment. — Emetics should be given or the stomach washed out with the stomach-pump. Cold should be applied to the head, and heat to other parts of the body. Mucilaginous drinks, such as linseed tea, white of egg, or milk, are useful in allaying gastric irritation. If the pulse indicates heart-failure, heart-stimulants should be given hypodermically. Allium (Garlic). — Action and Uses. — Allium is a stimulant to the digestion and the nervous system. Applied locally, it is a rubefacient, and it is frequently used in the form of a poultice, made of equal parts of bran and garlic. Dose, | to 2 drams (1.9-7.7 gm.). Of the syrup (Syrupus Allii), 1 to 4 drams (4-10.0 c.c). Almonds (Amygdala Amara, Bitter Almond ; Amyg- dala Dulcis, Sweet Almond). — Action and Uses. — The sweet almond is a demulcent and nutrient. As it con- tains no starch, it is sometimes ground into a flour and made into bread (almond bread) for the use of diabetic patients. Externally it is applied to slight excoriations. It is said also to relieve freckles, sunburn, and to whiten the skin. Dose. — Water of Bitter Almond (Aqua Amygdalae Amarae), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Oil of Bitter Almond (Oleum Amygdalae Amarae), \ to \ minim (0.015-0.03 c.c). Spirit of Bitter Almond (Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae), 3 to 10 minims (0.18-0.6 c.c). Syrup of Bitter Almond (Syrupus Amygdalae Amarae), I to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). MATERIA MEDICA. 53 Emulsion of Sweet Almond (Emulsum Amygdalae), I to 1 6 drams (3.7-60.O c.c). Expressed Oil of Sweet Almond (Oleum Amygdalae Expressum), 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c.) Syrup of Sweet Almond (Syrupus Amygdalae), I to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Aloe (Aloes). — Action and Uses. — Aloes is a stom- achic, cathartic, and emmenagogue. In large doses it is a purgative. As its cathartic action is very slow, it should be given before supper, when an action of the bowels will usually take place next morning about break- fast time. As an emmenagogue it is usually given with nux vomica, iron, and myrrh, and on account of its nau- seous and bitter taste it is usually given in pill form. Dose. — Tincture of Aloes, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh, I to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Extract of Aloes, \ to 5 grains (0.03-0.3 gm.). Barbadoes Aloes, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). Socotrine Aloes, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). Wine of Aloes, \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- Enema of Aloes contains : Aloes, 40 grains ; carbonate of potassium, 15 grains; mucilage of starch, 10 ounces. Althsea (Marshmallow). — Action and Uses. — Marsh- mallow is used internally as a demulcent, and externally as a poultice. Alum (Alumen ; Aluminum and Potassium Sulphate). — Action and Uses. — Alum is a powerful astringent, a styptic, and an emetic. Dose. — As an astringent the dose is 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). Given as an emetic, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-15.5 gm.). As a gargle, 1 ounce to a pint of sweetened water. As a spray for the throat, 20 grains to an ounce of water. 54 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. As a vaginal wash, 2 to 5 grains to a pint of water. To check perspiration, 2 grains to an ounce of water. Dried alum is used to prevent bedsores and as a mild escharotic. Altlinnol. — Action and Uses. — Alumnol is used locally as an astringent and disinfectant. The strength of the solution used varies from 1 per cent, to 10 per cent. For suppositories it may be used in the strength of from 1 to 5 per cent. Ammonia. — Action and Uses. — Internally ammonia is a heart-stimulant, a respiratory stimulant, and an ant- acid. Externally it is a counterirritant. Applied locally to the skin and allowed to evaporate, it produces simply redness, but if used in concentrated form and evaporation is prevented, it soon produces a blister. When employed in urgent cases of heart-failure it is best injected into one of the veins of the leg, since its subcutaneous injection is very apt to cause sloughing. Inhaled to prevent fainting or drowsiness, its use should not be continued too long, as it irritates the mucous membrane of the air-passages. Ammonia poisoning" is characterized by severe burn- ing in the throat, griping abdominal pains, vomiting and purging of bloody material, great difficulty in breathing, and collapse. Treatment. — This consists in the prompt use of weak acids, such as vinegar and water or lemon-juice, to coun- teract the alkali, and of large quantities of oil or milk. Cold must be applied to the head and heat to the feet. Heat should not be applied to the body, as it favors the action of the drug, while cold has the opposite effect. Preparations and their Doses. — Water of Ammonia (Aqua Ammoniae), 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). MATERIA MEDIC A. 5$ Spirit of Ammonia (Spiritus Ammoniae), 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c - c 0- Stronger Water of Ammonia (Liquor Ammoniae For- tior) is used only externally as a counterirritant and a vesicant. Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. — Used as a carminative in aiding the expulsion of gas from the stomach and in- testines, as an antacid in counteracting the acidity of the stomach, and as a general stimulant in relieving faintness and depression. Dose, ^ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c.c). Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Spirit of Mindererus). — A diaphoretic, diuretic, nerve-stimulant, and antacid. When used as a diaphoretic it is generally given with the sweet spirits of nitre. The patient must be kept warm, for when the skin is cool it acts as a diuretic. Dose, 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). Ammonium Bromid. — Generally given as a nerve-seda- tive and for the same purposes as bromid of potassium, though it is less depressing than the potassium salt. When given together a better result is often obtained than when either drug is given alone. When given alone it should be well diluted, as it is a little more irritating than the potassium salt. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Ammo7iium Carbonate. — A powerful heart- and respi- ratory-stimulant, and a stimulant expectorant. Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.06-0.6 gm.). Ammonium Chlorid is a stimulant expectorant, chola- gogue, in large doses a purgative, and increases the ex- cretion of urea. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.). Ammonium Iodid is used internally and externally as an alterative and resolvent. It resembles iodid of po- tassium in its action. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). Ammonium Valerianate is used as a nerve-sedative in 56 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. nervous diseases and neuralgia. Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.6-1.0 gm.) in capsules or elixir. Ammoniac (Ammoniac um). — Action and Uses. — Ammoniac is a stimulant expectorant. Used locally it is a stimulant and mild counterirritant. Dose, 1 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). Emulsion (Emulsum Ammoniaci), 1 to 4 drams (15.O- 30.0 ex.). Ammoniac Plaster with Mercury is used externally. Amyl Nitrite (Amyl Nitris). — The nitrites are salts formed by the union of nitrous acid with a base. The chief physiological action of nitrite of amyl is upon the spinal cord and the circulation. Under its in- fluence arterial pressure falls from paralysis of the blood- vessel walls. At the same time the heart is directly or indirectly stimulated, the number and force of its con- tractions being increased. This period of stimulation after a moderate dose gradually subsides into the normal state, but after a toxic dose it passes into one of cardiac paralysis with a final arrest of the heart in diastole. The motor and reflex centers are depressed, owing to a direct action of the drug upon the motor side of the spinal cord. The sensory nerves and centers are not influenced. Action and Uses. — Nitrite of amyl is used as a heart- stimulant in sudden heart-failure, and as a depresso- motor in angina pectoris, epilepsy, tetanus, and the con- vulsions of strychnin-poisoning. It is rarely used in puerperal convulsions on account of the danger of uterine relaxation and post-partum hemorrhage. Its action is very quick and transient, it being absorbed and eliminated with great rapidity. Dose. — Internally or hypodermically, I to 2 minims MATERIA MEDIC A. 57 (0.06-0.12 c.c); by inhalation, 1 to 5 minims (0.06- 0.3 c.c). For inhalation it is prepared in pearls of thin glass, each containing from 2 to 4 minims. One of these is crushed in a handkerchief or towel, the broken glass shaken off and the fumes inhaled. It produces a sense of fulness and throbbing in the head, roaring in the ears, flushing of the face, and increased action of the heart and respiration, all of which quickly disappear. The patient should, if possible, be instructed to inhale the drug slowly, and should be prepared for the effects of it. A poisonous dose increases all the symptoms men- tioned, later produces a cold, clammy skin, a feeble, slow pulse, restlessness, anxiety of mind, irregular respira- tions, and convulsions. Treatment. — Heart-stimulants, such as brandy, digi- talis, strychnin, or atropin, may be given hypodermically. Hot and cold douches should be applied alternately to the body, and cold to the head. Artificial respiration should be employed if necessary. Amylene Hydrate. — Action and Uses. — Amylene hydrate is a rapidly-acting hypnotic, producing a quiet and refreshing sleep, with no unpleasant after-effects. Dose, 20 to 30 minims (1.2-1.8 c.c). For children, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Symptoms of poisoning" are dilated pupils, slow, weak pulse, slow and irregular respiration, subnormal temperature, deep narcosis, and general paralysis. Treatment. — Heart-stimulants should be given by mouth or hypodermically ; cold should be applied to the head; and artificial respiration employed if neces- sary. 58 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Amylum (Starch). — Action and Uses. — Starch is used externally in the form of dusting-powder or poul- tice, as a protective to the skin, and as an absorbent. It is used in surgery for bandages. Given as enema it acts as a demulcent in irritating conditions of the rectum. It is also given by enema as a vehicle for conveying drugs into the rectum. The starch poultice is made by mixing ordinary laun- dry starch with cold water, and then adding boiling water in sufficient quantity to produce a thick paste. It is spread smoothly and evenly on a piece of old muslin of the desired size, leaving a margin of about one inch to turn in all around the poultice. Another layer of muslin is put over the face of the poultice and the edges are turned well under to prevent the starch escaping. Very often belladonna or laudanum is sprinkled over the surface to allay pain. As an enema the starch should be prepared as for laundry use, except that it should be thin enough to pass through the syringe. About \\ to 3 ounces of the mixture are generally em- ployed, and to this 15 to 30 drops of laudanum are sometimes added. The enema should stand until luke- warm before injecting. Analgen. — Action and Uses. — Analgen is an anal- gesic and antipyretic. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.). Anise (Anisum). — Action and Uses. — Anise is a carminative, and has a slight stimulant action on the heart and digestive organs. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Oil of Anise (Oleum Anisi), 2 to 5 minims (0.12- 0.3 ex.). MATERIA MEDICA. 59 Spirit of Anise (Spiritus Anisi), 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 7.5 ex.). Anthemis (Chamomile). — Action and Uses. — Inter- nally chamomile is a mild tonic, carminative, and bitter stomachic. Large doses of the infusion act as a mild emetic. Externally it is used in fomentations to relieve inflammatory pain and colic. Dose, \ to 1 dram (1.9-3.8 gm.). Extract (Extractum Anthemidis), 2 to 10 grains. Fluid Extract (Extr actum Anthemidis Fluidum), 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). Infusion (Infusum Anthemidis) (usually of the strength of 4 drams to a pint of water), 1 to 2 ounces (30.0- 60.0 c.c). Chamomile Oil (Oleum Anthemidis), I to 3 minims on sugar (0.06-0.18 c.c). Antimony (Antimonium). — Antimony itself is not used in medicine. The chief preparation is tartar emetic. Tartar Emetic (Antimonii et Potassii Tartras ; Antimony and Potassium Tartrate). — Action and Uses. — Applied locally to the skin tartar emetic is a counterirritant, producing an eruption of small papules which soon become pustules. It is seldom used locally. Internally in small doses it is a diapho- retic and expectorant. In large doses it is an emetic, emesis being partly from local and partly from cen- tric irritation. It is a powerful depressant to the cir- culation, even in small therapeutic doses lessening the force and rapidity of the pulse. Large doses cause great muscular relaxation, nausea, vomiting, purg- ing, faintness, and reduction in the force of the pulse and lowered temperature. 60 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. Dose, -£q to -^j grain (0.0032-0.006 gm.). As an emetic, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). Compound Syrup of Squill (Syrupus Scillae Compositus), commonly known as " Coxe's Hive Syrup," is much used as a home remedy for chil- dren. It is an expectorant and an emetic. It should not be given without the sanction of a physician, as it contains f of a grain of tartar emetic to the ounce. Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). As an emetic for a child, 30 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). It must be given cautiously to children. Wine of Antimony (Vinum Antimonii). — Used as an expectorant and sedative. Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). As an emetic, \ to 1 ounce (15.0-30.0 c.c). Symptoms of Antimony Poisoning'. — Strong metallic taste in mouth, a sense of burning in the throat, difficulty of swallowing, violent pain in stom- ach, followed by vomiting and purging, a small rapid pulse, cold clammy skin, faint respirations, cramps in the calves of the legs, subnormal temperature, cutaneous anesthesia, and collapse. Treatment. — The patient should be put to bed and the foot of the bed raised. Mucilaginous drinks should be given freely. The antidote is tannin in some form, such as strong tea. The stomach-pump should be used and the patient be allowed to vomit upon towels without rising. Stimulants and exter- nal heat are necessary to overcome the depres- sion. Atttipyrin (Antipyrinum). — Action and Uses. — An- tipyrin is an antipyretic, analgesic, diaphoretic, nerve- MATERIA ME D1C A. 6 1 sedative, antiseptic, hemostatic, and local anesthetic. It is also said to have some diuretic action. Large doses may cause nausea, vomiting, a sense of fulness in the head, and in some cases an eruption re- sembling measles. Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). It may be given hypodermically, by mouth, or rectum. When given hypodermically it is apt to cause local irritation. For a child 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.3 gm.) may be given in syrup of orange peel, simple syrup, or wine, to disguise the taste of the drug. As a wash, a 4-per-cent. solution is used ; as a hemostatic, from 10 to 50 per cent. Symptoms of Poisoning-. — A weak, irregular pulse, rapid respirations, cyanosis, subnormal temperature, di- lated pupils, excessive perspiration, muscular weakness, and collapse. Treatment consists in applying heat to the body and in using heart-stimulants. Antipyrin Ben^oate (Benzopyrin).— Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Antipyrin Salicylate (Salipyrin ; Antipyrinae Sali- cylas). — Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Antispasmin. — A combination of salicylate of sodium and narcein-sodium. Action and Uses. — Antispasmin is an analgesic, hyp- notic, and sedative. In large doses it is said to be a narcotic. Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). It is best given in simple syrup. Apiol. — Action and Uses. — Apiol is the oil of pars- ley. It is used as a stimulating emmenagogue. Dose, 3 to 10 minims (0.18-0.6 c.c.) in capsule, or 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 62 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Full doses produce headache, giddiness, ringing in the ears, and mild intoxication. Apocytium (Canadian Hemp). — Action and Uses. — In small doses apocynum is a diaphoretic and expecto- rant. In large doses it is a cathartic and emetic. It sometimes acts as a diuretic. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Of the fluid ex- tract, 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). Of the decoction, 1 to 2 ounces, made by boiling \ ounce of the dried root in 1 pint of water. Apocynin, the active principle of apocynum, is said to be a heart-tonic. Dose, \ to 2 grains (0.032-0.130 gm.). Apomorphin Hydrochlorate (Apomorphinae Hy- drochloras). — Action and Uses. — This compound is pro- duced by the action of hydrochloric acid on morphin in the presence of intense heat. It is used as a quickly- acting emetic and sedative expectorant. As solutions of the drug soon spoil and become poisonous, it should be freshly dissolved when required. As an emetic it is always administered hypodermically, and is especially indicated when a speedy result is necessary, when the patient is unable to swallow, and when the stomach is severely inflamed. Vomiting occurs in from five to twenty minutes after its injection. Dose.— As an emetic, ^ to \ grain (0.0065-0.013 gm.) for an adult, hypodermically; it may be repeated in fifteen minutes. As an emetic for a child, -fa grain (0.0032 gm.). As an emetic for an infant, iV to sV g rain (0.0043- 0.0021 gm.).. As an expectorant, -^ to -^ grain (0.016-0.004 gm.), by the mouth. Aqua (Pure Natural Water).— Action and Uses, — MATERIA MEDICA. 63 Internally, hot water is a diuretic, diaphoretic, diluent, and sedative to the stomach. Warm water is an emetic. The power of heat to stimulate and contract the blood-vessels makes the hot douche very useful in uterine hemorrhage. It is also antiseptic, and helps to compensate for the loss of heat resulting from the hem- orrhage, and especially from the shock. Externally, in the form of hot baths, packs, fomenta- tions, and douches, it relieves inflammation and pain, and acts as a diaphoretic. Cold water, applied externally in the form of pack, bath, poultice, fomentation, or douche, relieves pain, in- flammation, sleeplessness, and delirium, and reduces fever. Internally t it relieves thirst, and is given in fevers to flush out the kidneys and to aid in the elimination of the worn-out material generated in the body by the fever. A cup of cold water taken daily before breakfast often relieves constipation. Ice and very hot water (temperature 120 to 144 ) are also used to check hemorrhage. Heat is better than cold, as it constricts the blood-vessels and causes the blood to coagulate, while cold paralyzes the vessels and stops the hemorrhage for a while ; but when removed and the circulation is restored, the bleeding begins again. Moreover, with the application of ice, which is seldom clean, there is the danger of introducing germs into the system. Arbutin (Ursin). — Action and Uses. — Arbutin is the active principle of uva ursi. It is used as a stimulating diuretic and as an internal antiseptic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). 64 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Argentum (Silver). — Metallic silver is inert. Of its salts the nitrate and the oxid are chiefly used. Silver Nitrate (Argenti Nitras). — Action and Uses. — Silver nitrate appears as heavy transparent crystals, which have an acrid metallic taste. It is employed externally in concentrated form as a caustic, and in dilute form as a sedative astringent. Internally, it is used as an astringent in gastric catarrh, gastric ulcer, and diarrhea. In gastric affec- tions it should always be given when the stomach is empty. In the treatment of bedsores a solution of 20 grains to the ounce of water may be applied with a brush. Dose, \ to \ grain (.010-.032 gm.). As an enema, 1 to 3 grains (0.06-0.19 gm.) to 4 ounces of water (120 c.c). Mitigated Caustic (Diluted Silver Nitrate ; Argenti Nitras Dilutus). — Used externally as a caustic. Lwiar Caustic (Moulded Silver Nitrate ; Argenti Nitras Fusus). — A white pencil or cone-shaped solid, used as a caustic. Silver Oxid (Argenti Oxidum). — Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). Silver Iodid (Argenti Iodidum). — A yellow pow- der which becomes a greenish yellow upon exposure to light. Dose, \ to. 2 grains (0.0 16-0. 130 gm.). Symptoms of Poisoning-. — Severe pain in the abdomen, vomiting, and purging, and all the symp- toms of gastro-enteritis. The vomit is white and the stools are black. In some cases there are also convulsions, paralysis, and coma. Treatment. — Common table-salt and water should be given freely. This forms an insoluble MATERIA MEDIC A. 65 chlorid and acts as an emetic. If a stick of the silver has been swallowed, salt should be given with milk or gruel, and followed with an emetic. The stick of silver will be vomited, the milk or gruel will form a smooth coating for the mucous membranes and prevent the silver doing harm. Large quantities of milk or soap and water may be given to dilute the poison. External heat and heart-stimulants are required when there is collapse. Aristol (Thymol Iodid). — Action and Uses. — Aristol is a reddish-brown powder containing about 45 per cent, of iodin. It is used in surgery as a substitute for iodo- form. It has not the disagreeable odor of iodoform, and its use seems to be attended with less danger of poison- ing. It is used in the form of fine powder or ointment, the strength of the latter varying from \ to 1 dram to 1 ounce of pure lard. Arnica Flowers (Arnicae Flores); Arnica Root (Arnicae Radix).— Action and Uses. — Arnica is a very common home-remedy for sprains and bruises. It is an irritant and increases the circulation of the skin. It is sometimes used internally in small doses as a stimulant to the heart and kidneys. Tincture of Arnica Flowers (Tinctura Arnicae Florum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Extract of Arnica Root (Extractum Arnicae Radicis), 3 to 5 grains (0.19-0.32 gm.). Fluid Extract of Arnica Root (Extractum Arnicae Rad- icis Fluidum), 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). Tincture of Arnica Root (Tinctura Arnicae Radicis), 20 to 30 minims (1.2-1.8 c.c). Arsenic. See Acids. Asafetida (Asafcetida). — Action and Uses. — Asa- 5 66 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. fetida is an antispasmodic, nerve-stimulant, carminative, and stimulant expectorant. Dose. — Of the tincture (tinctura asafcetidae), } to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Of the emulsion, 4 to 8 drams (15.0-30.0 c.c). Suppositories contain the equivalent of 40 drops of the tincture. Plaster (Emplastrum Asafcetidae). — Used when an anti- spasmodic and counterirritant action is needed. Enema Asafcetidce, which acts as a carminative, laxative, and antispasmodic, is prepared by dissolving 30 grains in 4 ounces of water. The compound enema, for the relief of tympanitis, con- tains tincture of asafetida, 3 ounces (90.0 c.c.) ; glycerin, 1 ounce (30.0 c.c.) ; magnesium sulphate, 1 ounce (30.0 c.c); oil of turpentine, 30 minims (1.8 c.c). This is followed in fifteen minutes with 1 pint of warm soap- suds. Asaprol. — Action and Uses. — Asaprol is an anti- septic and antipyretic. It has also some analgesic action. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). As an antiseptic, a 2 to 5 per cent, solution. It is also used in the form of an ointment. Asclepias (Pleurisy Root). — Action and Uses. — Asclepias is an expectorant and diaphoretic. In large doses it acts as a cathartic. Dose, 20 to 60 grains (1.3-3.9 g m -)- Fluid Extract (Extractum Asclepiadis Fluidum), 20 to 60 minims (1.2-3.7 c - c -)- Infusion (Infusum Asclepiadis), 1 teacupful. The in- fusion is made by adding 1 ounce of the powdered root to 1 quart of water. Aspidium (Male Fern ; Filix Mas).— Action and Uses. MATERIA MEDIC A. 67 — Aspidium is used as a tenicide, or agent for expelling tape-worm. Dose, J to 1 dram (1.9-3.9 c.c), followed by a purga- tive. Oleoresin (Oleoresina Aspidii), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 cc 0- Atropin (Atropina). — Action and Uses. — Atropin is an alkaloid of belladonna. It is used to stimulate the heart and respiration ; to dilate the pupil ; to check ex- cessive secretion of sweat and saliva; to relieve local spasms, as in asthma and whooping-cough ; and to in- crease peristaltic movements in atonic constipation. (See Belladonna') Dose, -g^-g- to ^ grain (0.00032-0.00086 gm.). Atropin Sulphate (Atropinae Sulphas). — The sulphate of an alkaloid obtained from belladonna, jfa to ^ grain (0.00043-0.0016 gm.). It should be given just before or after a meal, as it lessens the secretions of the stomach. Symptoms of Poisoning. — Dryness of the mouth and throat, difficulty in swallowing, dilatation of the pupils, flushing of the face, frequent desire but inability to urin- ate, a red rash like that of scarlet fever, delirium, a rapid and wiry pulse, rapid breathing, convulsions, exhaustion, coma, and death. Upon the appearance of the first three symptoms the drug should be stopped and the physician notified. Treatment. — The stomach should be emptied by emetics or the stomach-pump. Other measures of relief include cold applications to the head, stimulants, black coffee, and external heat. Aurantium (Orange). — Action and Uses. — The prep- arations of bitter orange-peel are used as carminatives and stomachics. The sweet orange-peel is used for flavoring. 68 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Dose. — Bitter Orange-peel (Aurantii Amari Cortex), 15 to 30 grains (1. 0-1.9 gm.). Fluid Extract (Extractum Aurantii Amari Fluidum), 16 to 30 minims (1. 0-1.8 c.c). Tincture (Tinctura Aurantii Amari), 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 7.5 c.c). Alirum (Gold). — Action and Uses. — The physiologi- cal effects of the salts of gold closely resemble those of mercury, and are sometimes used as substitutes for the latter drug. The symptoms and treatment of poisoning 1 are the same as those of mercury. Preparations. — Bromid of Gold (Auri Bromidum). — Dose, £ to I grain (0.013-0.032 gm.). Gold Chlorid (Auri Chloridum). — Dose, y^- to ^ grain (0.0006-0.0032 gm.). Gold and Sodium Chlorid (Auri et Sodii Chloridum) contains equal parts of gold chlorid and sodium chlorid. Dose, -£$ to -^ grain (0.0032-0.0064 gm.). Gold and Potassium Bromid (Auri et Potassii Brom- idum). — Dose, yo to i grain (0.0064-0.02 gm.). Balsam of Peru (Balsamum Peruvianum). — Action and Uses. — Balsam of Peru is used externally as an antiseptic application in bedsores and wounds. Inter- nally it is used as a stimulant, expectorant, and mild carminative. Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Balsam of Toltl (Balsamum Tolutanum.) — Action and Uses. — Balsam of Tolu is used for the same pur- poses as the balsam of Peru. On account of its agree- able flavor it is often used as a flavoring vehicle in cough- mixtures. MATERIA MEDICA. 69 Dose. — Syrup of Tolu, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c.) ; tinc- ture of Tolu 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Belladonna (Deadly Nightshade). — Action and Uses. — Belladonna is used both internally and externally, and owes its activity to its chief alkaloid, atropin. Small doses administered internally cause dryness of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, and nose. After a moderate dose the pulse becomes strong and rapid, the temperature rises, the respirations become deeper and more frequent, the dryness of the mouth and throat becomes more intense, and the pupils become dilated and the vision disordered. After large doses these symptoms are intensified, the pulse is very rapid, a bright-red rash resembling scarlet fever, but without the punctations, appears on the face and neck, and may gradually spread over the whole body, and there is a talkative and wakeful delirium. When a poisonous dose has been taken, together with these symptoms, there are loss of muscular power, failing pulse and respiration, subnormal temperature, widely dilated pupils, coma, convulsions, and death from as- phyxia. Used locally, belladonna lessens the sensibility of the sensory nerves, thus acting as a sedative and anes- thetic. It is readily absorbed, and may produce constitu- tional symptoms. The smallest fatal dose of belladonna is not known ; the writer has seen alarming symptoms produced by ■£$ grain of atropin. In susceptible persons there may ap- pear a scarlet rash on the skin and fauces, after a minute dose, due to capillary congestion caused by the increased circulation. Treatment of Poisoning. — Belladonna-poisoning is to yo PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. be treated by administering the chemical antidote, tannic acid, by the application of external heat to all parts of the body, and by the use of stimulants when symptoms of collapse appear. The bowels and bladder should be emptied to prevent reabsorption of the drug. Preparations and Doses. — Leaves (Belladonnae Folia). Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna (Extractum Bella- donnae Alcoholicum), -g- to J grain (0.010-0.016 gm.). Tincture of Belladonna (Tinctura Belladonnae), 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). Belladonna Ointment (Unguentum Belladonnae). — Used externally. Root (Belladonnae Radix). Fluid Extract of Belladonna (Extractum Belladonnae Fluidum), 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). — Used exter- nally. Belladonna Plaster (Emplastrum Belladonnae). — Used externally. Belladomta Liniment (Linimentum Belladonnae). — Used externally. Bensanilid (Benzanilidum). — Action and Uses. — A new drug, the uses of which are similar to those of acetanilid. It is used chiefly as an antipyretic. Dose, 3 to 10 grains (0.19-0.6 gm.); for children, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.3 gm.). Benzoin (Benzoinum). — Action and Uses. — The ac- tion of benzoin is due to the benzoic acid which it con- tains. Benzoin and its compounds are used internally as antiseptics, stimulant expectorants, and diuretics. Locally, in concentrated form, it is an irritant to the mucous membrane of the fauces and nasal passages, and when inhaled in steam, or when applied in powder form, it produces coughing and sneezing. The compound MATERIA ME DIC A. J I tincture of benzoin is used as a stimulant and healing application to fresh wounds. A few drops of the tincture added to bathing water serves to cleanse the skin, and gives a pleasant feeling of freshness by stimulating its action. Preparations and Doses. — Benzoic Acid (Acidum Benzoicum), 10 to 40 grains (0.65-2.59 gm.). Locally, it acts as an antiseptic and stimulant. When taken inter- nally it is eliminated by the kidneys as hippuric acid, and in consequence it is much used in chronic inflam- mation of the bladder with alkaline urine. Tincture of Benzoin (Tinctura Benzoini), 10 to 30 min- ims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Compound Tincture of Be?izoin (Tinctura Benzoini Com- posita; Friar's Balsam), 30 to 60 minims (1.8-3.75 c.c). Benzoate of Ammonium (Ammonii Benzoas). — A stim- ulant, expectorant, and diuretic. Dose, 10 to 20 grains (0.6-1.3 gm.). Benzoate of Lithium (Lithii Benzoas), 10 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 g m 0- Benzoate of Sodium (Sodii Benzoas). — Action and Uses. — The sodium and lithium benzoates are much used as a substitute for the salicylates in chronic rheumatic and gouty affections. Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.6-3.9 g m -)- Benzoate of Calcium (Calcii Benzoas), 10 to 15 grains (0.6-1.0 c.c). Bensosol (Benzoyl Guaiacol). — Action and Uses. — Benzosol is an intestinal antiseptic It is also given in phthisis as a substitute for creosote. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). Bebeerin Sulphate (Bebeefinae Sulphas).— Action and Uses. — The sulphate of berberin is a tonic and anti- periodic It also has some antiseptic action. J 2 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). Berberis (Barberry). — Action and Uses. — Berberis is a tonic, stomachic, alterative, and laxative. In large doses it acts as a cathartic, producing watery discharges, with much abdominal pain. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Berberis, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). Tincture of Berberis, 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). Betol (Naphthalol ; Naphthosalol). — Betol is closely allied to salol, but is less powerful. In the intestines it is decomposed into naphthol and salicylic acid. It is used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.15-0.3 gm.) in pill form or in emulsion. Bismuth (Bismuthum). — Metallic bismuth is inert. The action of the insoluble salts, when given internally in medicinal doses, is that of a sedative and astringent to the mucous membranes of the alimentary canal. They impart to the stools a black or dark clay color. Locally, the salts of bismuth have an antiseptic, seda- tive, and astringent action, and are used in the form of an ointment, lotion, or powder. Preparations and Doses. — Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate (Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras). — Astringent. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). Bismuth Oxid (Bismuthi Oxidum). — Sedative and as- tringent. It is occasionally used in intestinal disorders. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.65 gm.). Bismuth Subiodid (Bismuthi Subiodidum). — Used ex- ternally as an antiseptic and stimulant. Bismuth Salicylate (Bismuthi Salicylas). — Intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-2.0 gm.), given in powder or capsule. Insoluble in water or alcohol. MATERIA MEDICA. 73 Bismuth Subcarbonate (Bismuthi Subcarbonas). — Action and Uses. — It appears as a heavy white powder, tasteless and odorless, and insoluble in water. It is used internally as an astringent, sedative, and antiseptic in inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-2.0 gm.) in dry powder, in emulsion, stirred up in milk, or in troche. Bismuth Subgallate (Bismuthi Subgallas ; Dermatol). — Bismuth subgallate, or dermatol, as it is more com- monly called, is used externally as a substitute for iodo- form, an antiseptic, sedative, and astringent. It is also given internally as a substitute for bismuth subnitrate. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). Bismuth Subnitrate (Bismuthi Subnitras). — Action and Uses. — Bismuth subnitrate is the commonly prescribed salt of bismuth. It appears as a heavy white powder, odorless and tasteless, and insoluble in water. It is used externally as an antiseptic dusting-powder, and internally as an astringent, sedative, and antiseptic in inflammatory affections of the stomach and intestines. It imparts a garlicky odor to the breath, and makes the stools black. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-2.0 gm.), in powder dry on the tongue ; in emulsion, stirred up in milk, or in troche. Borax ; Biborate of Sodium (Sodii Boras). — Action and Uses. — Borax is a diuretic and antacid. It is also used as an antiseptic mouth-wash and dusting-powder. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.3-1.0 gm.). (See also Boric Acid) Brayera; Kousso (Cusso). — Action and Uses. — Cusso is a vermifuge, generally used in the form of an infusion. It sometimes produces nausea and vomiting. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Cusso (Extractum Cusso Fluidum), 2 to 4 drams (7.5-15.0 c.c). 74 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Infusion (Infusum Cusso), | ounce of the powdered flowers in I pint of boiling water, allowed to stand for fifteen minutes in a covered vessel, and drunk without straining. Dose, I to 2 ounces (30.0-60.0 c.c), to be taken on an empty stomach ; of the powdered flowers, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-2.0 gm.), given in water or in wafer. Bromal Hydrate. — Action and Uses. — Bromal hydrate is a hypnotic and analgesic. It is used in the same conditions as chloral, but its action is more power- ful. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.06-0.3 gm.). Bromamid. — Action and Uses. — Bromamid is an antiseptic and analgesic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). Bromid of Ammonium (Ammonii Bromidum). See Ammonium Bromid. Bromid of Calcium (Calcii Bromidum). — Use. — An hypnotic. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-2.0 gm.). Bromid of Bthyl. — Use. — Bromid of ethyl is used as a general anesthetic for small operations. Its action is rapid but evanescent. Dose, from 1 to 5 drams by inhalation. It generally leaves an odor of garlic on the breath for some days after its inhalation. Nausea and vomiting may follow its use, but not as a rule. Bromid of Gold. See Aurum. Bromid of I/ithium (Lithii Bromidum). — Use. — Similar to that of bromid of potassium, but its action is weaker. Dose, 15 to 60 grains (1.0-4.0 gm.). Bromid of Potassium (Potassii Bromidum). — Ac- MATERIA MEDICA. 75 tion and Uses. — Potassium bromid is the most com- monly prescribed preparation of the bromids. It is much used as an hypnotic, nerve-sedative, and antispasmodic. It is the most powerful bromid compound, and in large doses it is somewhat depressing to the circulation. Like other bromids, its long use is followed by a group of symptoms termed bromism — an acne rash, mental dul- ness, failure of memory, fetor of the breath, muscular weakness, and unsteady gait. Fowler's solution, or some other preparation of arsenic, is often given with the bro- mid to prevent the development of acne. Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.6-4.0 gm.). Bromid of Sodium (Sodii Bromidum). — Use. — The sodium bromid is used for the same purposes as the corresponding salt of potassium; it is, however, less powerful as a nerve-sedative and does not depress the heart to the same extent. Dose, 5 to 60 grains (0.3-4.0 gm.). Bromid of Strontium (Strontii Bromidum).— Use.— Strontium bromid is used for the same purposes as the corresponding salt of potassium, but it is less active, less depressing, and less apt to produce acne. Dose, 15 to 60 grains (1.0-4.0 gm.). Bromoform (an analogue of Chloroform). — Action and Uses. — Bromoform is an analgesic, antiseptic, and antispasmodic. It is chiefly used in the treatment of whooping-cough. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c - c -)- Bromol (Tribromophenol). — Action and Uses. — Bromol is an intestinal disinfectant and anthelmintic. It is used locally in diphtheria as a disinfectant. Dose, -fa to \ grain (0.006-0.02 gm.). As an anthelmintic, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.3 gm.). 76 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Locally it is used in a solution of glycerin or olive oil, in the strength of from I : 20 to I : 30. Bromtim (Bromin). — Action and Uses. — Bromin ap- pears as a dark-red volatile liquid. Its taste is caustic and disagreeable. It is employed as a powerful caustic. Its fumes are highly irritating to the respiratory tract. Brucin. — Action and Uses. — Brucin is one of the alkaloids of nux vomica. It is said to represent but one- twelfth of the strength of nux vomica. Its physiologi- cal action is similar to, but much less powerful than, strychnin. It is used in the same conditions as strychnin. Dose, ^ t° \ grain (0.005-0.03 gm.). Bryonia (Bryony). — Action and Uses. — Bryonia is the root of a European perennial plant, Bryonia alba. It is an irritant to the skin, mucous and serous membranes. In large doses it is a hydragogue, cathartic, and diuretic. It is used in various inflammatory chest affections, rheu- matism, and atonic dyspepsia. Dose. — Tincture of Bryonia, 10 minims to 2 drams (0.6-7.5 ex.). Buchu. — Action and Uses. — Buchu is the leaf of several species of Barosma, a South African shrub. It is chiefly used as a stimulating diuretic in inflammatory diseases of the kidney and bladder. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Buchu (Extractum Buchu Fluidum), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)> we ^ diluted. Infusion, made by adding 1 ounce of the leaves to 1 pint of water, 1 to 2 ounces (30-60 c.c). Butyl-chloral-hydrate. (See Chloral) — A nerve- sedative and hypnotic. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), generally given in pill or emulsion after meals. It is too irritating to use hypodermically. MATERIA MEDICA. JJ Cactus Grandiflorus (Night-blooming Cereus). — Action and Uses. — Cactus is a heart-stimulant, some- times used as a substitute for digitalis. It has no cumu- lative action. Dose. — Tinctura Cacti Grandiflori, 2 to 8 minims. Extractum cacti grandiflori fluidum, 2 to 4 minims. Caffea (Coffee). — Action and Uses. — Coffee is a diuretic, a heart- and brain-stimulant, and stomachic. Strong black coffee is valuable in the treatment of opium-poisoning, as it helps to keep the patient awake and stimulates the respiratory center. It is also used to counteract exhaustion following long mental or physi- cal exertion. Taken in excess, coffee will cause dyspepsia, nervous- ness, wakefulness, muscular tremors, and palpitation of the heart. Coffee owes its activity to its alkaloid, caffein, which is identical with thein, the alkaloid of tea. Caffein. — As a heart-stimulant caffein resembles digi- talis in its action, but it is more prompt and it has no cumulative action. It is also a respiratory stimulant, a cerebral stimulant, and a diuretic. Coffee or caffein may be used in all cases of collapse and heart-failure. Poisoning' by caffein is very rare. The symptoms, which appear rapidly, are vertigo, faintness, muscular weakness, anesthesia, coldness of the extremities, pain in the stomach, increased diuresis, rise of temperature, rapid respirations and pulse, tonic and clonic convulsions, and collapse. The antidotes are opium and digitalis to stimu- late the heart and relieve the nervous symptoms. Dose. — Caffein, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.) in solu- tion, capsule, or pill. Citrate of Caffein (Caffeina Citrata), I to 5 grains (0.06- 0.3 gm.). 78 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. Effervescent Citrate of Caffein, i to 4 drams (3.9-1 5 .0 c.c). Caffein Triiodid, the triiodid of caffein, a heart-stimulant, tonic, and diuretic, 1 to 5 grains (0.06-0.3 gm.). Benzoate of Sodium and Caffein is much preferred for hypodermic use on account of its solubility and freedom from irritating properties. Calamus (Sweet Flag). — Action and Uses. — Calamus is a stomachic, and an aromatic bitter, increasing the ap- petite and stimulating digestion. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Fluid Extract (Extractum Calami Fluidum), 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). Infusion, made in the proportion of 1 ounce (30.0 c.c.) of the root to 1 pint (480.0 c.c.) of boiling water, I wineglassful. Calcium. — Preparations of Calcium. — Calcii Carbo- nas Prcecipitatus (Precipitated Calcium Carbonate). — It is used internally as an antacid and astringent in acute diarrhea ; externally as a dusting-powder in chapped skin. Dose, 10 to 40 grains (0.65-2.6 gm.). Calcium Chlorid (Calcii Chloridum). — Used internally as an alterative, and externally in the form of poultice or fomentation, to hasten suppuration. Dose, 2 to 15 grains (0.1 3-1.0 gm.) in milk or water. Calcium Hypophosphite (Calcii Hypophosphis). — Ac- tion and Uses. — It is used as a nutrient tonic in wasting diseases, such as phthisis and rickets, and in general debility. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). Calomel. See Mercury. Calumba. — Action and Uses. — Calumba is a bitter tonic, increasing the appetite and promoting digestion. Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Calumbae Fluidum), 16 to 60 minims (1.0-3.8 c.c). MATERIA MEDIC A. 79 Tincture of Calumba (Tinctura Calumbae), 1 to 2 drams (3.9-7.5 ex.). Calx (Lime ; Unslaked Lime). — Action and Uses. — . Unslaked lime is an excellent disinfectant. Locally it is a powerful caustic. In combination with caustic soda it constitutes " London Paste," and in combination with caustic potash, " Vienna Paste " (Potassa cum Calce). Preparations. — Chlorinated Lime (Calx Chlorata). — Used externally as a disinfectant and deodorizer, in solu- tion usually of the strength of 1 pound to 2 gallons of water. Sulphurated Lime (Calx Sulphurata). — Used internally in some skin-diseases, and externally as a depilatory. Dose, yq- to |- grain (0.006-0.013 gm.). Lime-water (Liquor Calcis ; Solution of Lime). — It is used internally as an antacid, astringent, and gastric seda- tive. Lime-water is added to milk to partly neutralize the acid of the stomach and to prevent the milk from forming hard undigestible lumps in the stomach. Lime- water is one of the most common remedies for checking nausea and vomiting. It is an antidote in acid-poisoning. Externally it is used as an alkaline application in burns, scalds, and in some skin-diseases. A spray of lime- water is used in inflammatory throat affections to remove viscid mucus and false membrane. Dose, 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). It may be made by adding 2 ounces of unslaked lime to 1 gallon of water for two or three minutes. After standing about twelve hours the clear solution may be drawn of and poured into a well-stop- pered bottle. Carron Oil (Linimentum Calcis). — Equal parts of olive or linseed oil and lime-water. It is used as a dressing for burns. 80 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Syrup of Lime (Syrupus Calcis). — Dose, l to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 ex.). Camphor (Camphora). — Action and Uses. — Cam- phor is a gum obtained from the Cinnamomum Cam- phora, growing in China and Japan. It is used internally as a nervous sedative, carminative, antispasmodic, and stimulant. Externally it is used as a stimulating appli- cation in rheumatism, sprains, and neuralgia. A solution of I part of camphor to 10 parts of olive oil is used hy- podermically, with excellent effect, as a heart-stimulant. Large doses of camphor cause giddiness, faintness, burning in the stomach, cold clammy skin, feeble pulse, convulsions, and unconsciousness. The treatment of poisoning consists in the use of stimulants and the external application of heat. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.33 gm.). Preparations. — Camphor-water (Aqua Camphorae), 1 to 4 drams (3.9-1 5.0 c.c). Spirits of Camphor (Spiritus Camphorae), 5 to 30 min- ims (0.3-1.8 c.c). - Camphorated Tincture of Opium (Tinctura Opii Cam- phorata), \ to 4 drams (1. 8-1 5.0 c.c). Camphor Cerate (Ceratum Camphorae). — For local use. Camphor Liniment (Linimentum Camphorae). — For external use. Soap Liniment (Linimentum Saponis). — For external use. Camphora Monobromata (Monobromated Camphor) is a hypnotic and nervous sedative. It resembles the bromids in its action, but is not identical with them. Toxic doses produce epileptiform convulsions. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.3 gm.). MATERIA MEDIC A. 8 1 Cannabis Indica (Indian Cannabis ; Indian Hemp). — Action and Uses. — Cannabis indica is a nerve-sedative, anodyne, antispasmodic, and narcotic. Full medicinal doses first stimulate, then depress the heart and blood-vessels, and produce a feeling of exhila- ration with pleasing ideas and hallucinations. There is also disordered consciousness of personality, time, and locality, followed by a sense of weight in the extremities, loss of muscular power, cutaneous anesthesia, and sleep. The pupils are dilated. The respirations may be slow or quickened. The urine is increased. The after-effects of opium — nausea, headache, etc. — are not present. No fatal case of poisoning from its use is recorded. Dose. — Extract of Cannabis Indica (Extractum Canna- bis Indicae), J to J grain (0.016-0.032 gm.). Fluid Extract (Extractum Cannabis Indicae Fluidum), 16 minims to 1 dram (1.0-3.7 c - c -)« Tannate of Cannabin is a mild hypnotic. Dose, 2 to 10 grains (0.12-0.6 c.c). Cantharis (Cantharides ; Spanish Flies). — Action and Uses. — Applied externally, cantharis is a rubefacient and vesicant ; internally it is a uterine stimulant. Dose. — Tincture of Cantharides (Tinctura Cantharidis), I to 10 minims. Cantharidal Collodion (Collodium Cantharidatum). — Used externally. Cerate of Cantharides (Ceratum Cantharidis). — Used externally. Warming Plaster (Pitch Plaster with Cantharides; Emplastrum Picis Cantharidatum). — Used externally. A blister is raised with either cantharidal cerate, col- lodion, or plaster. The part must be washed, shaved if necessary, and wiped perfectly dry ; the plaster is cut the %2 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. desired size and shape and applied. If the cerate is used, it should be spread on a piece of cotton cloth and kept in place with a bandage. If adhesive plaster is used to keep either of these plasters in place, there will be no room for the blister to rise and it will cause severe pain. Before applying the cantharidal collodion the parts to be blistered should first be outlined with vaselin or oil, which will prevent spreading of the blistering solution. The collodion, which is painted on with a swab or a brush, first causes an itching sensation, and patients should be told of this to guard against scratching. The action of cantharides must be closely watched. It is a powerful irritant, and, when absorbed, affects the kidneys, and may cause painful urination or suppression of urine. Symptoms of Poisoning". — Burning pain in the throat, stomach, and abdomen; vomiting (if the powder has been taken the vomited matter will contain green specks) ; thirst ; scanty bloody urine, bloody movements ; a weak, rapid pulse ; rapid respiration ; convulsions ; delirium and death. The treatment consists in evacuating the stomach and in administering demulcent drinks. No oils should be given, as they aid absorption. Stimulants and opium may be required. Capsicum (Cayenne Pepper ; African Pepper). — Ac- tion and Uses. — Internally, capsicum is a carminative and stomachic in atonic dyspepsia, acute alcoholism, and flatulent colic. In acute alcoholism capsicum quiets the nervous disturbance that arises from the condition of the stomach. Administered on a crumb of bread or in egg-nog, it quiets the aching distress at the epigas- trium, and so tends to take the place of alcohol, and secondarily to induce quiet and sleep. Externally, it is MATERIA MEDICA. 83 a counterirritant and stimulant to the skin. In sore throat and tonsillitis a mixture of equal parts of glycerin and tincture of capsicum is an efficient local application. Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Capsici Fluidum), I to 3 minims (0.06-0.18 c.c). Oleoresifi (Oleoresina Capsici), 1 minim (0.06 c.c). Tincture (Tinctura Capsici), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Capsicum Plaster (Emplastrum Capsici). — Used exter- nally. Cardamom (Cardamomum). — Action and Uses. — Cardamom is a carminative and aromatic. It is often given with purgatives to lessen griping and relieve flatu- lence. Dose. — Tincture of Cardamom (Tinctura Cardamomi), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Compound Tincture (Tinctura Cardamomi Composita), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Aromatic Powder (Pulvis Aromaticus), 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Carum (Caraway). — Action and Uses. — Caraway is a carminative and stomachic It is frequently combined with cathartics to lessen griping. It is also used as a flavoring agent. Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.6 gm.). Oil of Caraway (Oleum Cari), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Caryophyllus (Cloves). — Action and Uses. — Cloves are used internally as a stimulant, carminative, flavoring agent, and, in combination with purgatives, to prevent griping. Externally they have a counterirritant and anesthetic action. The oil of cloves is used locally as an anodyne in relieving toothache. 84 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Dose, i to io grains (0.065-0.6 gm.). Oil of Cloves (Oleum Caryophylli), 1 to 5 minims (0.06- 0.3 c.c). Infusion, or Clove Tea (Infusum Caryophylli), 2 drams to the pint of boiling water. Dose, 1 wineglassful. Cascara Sagrada. — Action and Uses. — Cascara is a stomachic and laxative. It is the dried bark of the Rhamnus Purshiana, which grows on the Pacific coast. Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Cascarae Sagradae Fluidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c), before meals. Extract (Extractum Cascarae Sagradae), 2 to 5 grains (0.13-O.32 gm.). Cascarilla. — Action and Uses. — Cascarilla is an aromatic and bitter tonic, increasing the appetite and stimulating digestion. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). Catechu. — Action and Uses. — Catechu is a power- ful astringent, used both internally and externally. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). Compound Tincture (Tinctura Catechu Composita), £ to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 c - c -)- Troches (Trochisci Catechu). — One as required. Cerium Oxalate (Cerii Oxalas). — Action and Uses. — Oxalate cerium is a gastric sedative, much used to control nausea and vomiting. Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.6 gm.), in pill or cap- sule. Cetaceum (Spermaceti). — Spermaceti is used exter- nally as an emollient. Cetraria (Iceland Moss). — Action and Uses. — Ce- traria is used chiefly as a demulcent. It has slight nutritive and tonic properties. MATERIA MEDIC A. 85 Dose. — Decoction of Cetraria (Decoctum Cetrariae), 2 to 4 ounces (60.00-118.00 c.c). Chalk, Prepared (Creta Praeparata). — Chalk is used as an antacid, astringent, and dentifrice. It is also the antidote in poisoning by mineral acids. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). Preparations. — Chalk Mixture (Mistura Cretae). — Used as an astringent in acute diarrhea. Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). Troches of Chalk (Trochisci Cretae). — Dose, one as required. Charcoal (Carbo Ligni; Wood Charcoal). — Action and Uses. — Externally charcoal is a disinfectant, deodor- ant, and absorbent, and as such is used in the dressing of wounds. Internally it is a carminative and absorbent Dose, 5 to 60 grains (0.6-3.9 g m -)- Charcoal Poultice. — A charcoal poultice, which is a very dirty poultice to prepare, is generally made with one part of charcoal and two parts of flaxseed meal, mixed and made in the usual way, a little additional charcoal being sprinkled over the surface of the poultice before applying. This poultice, which is ordered for wounds which have an offensive discharge, acts as a deodorant by absorbing the odor and promoting a healthy condition. Another method of making this poultice is to add I ounce of charcoal to 4 ounces of flaxseed meal and bread-crumbs, mixing all together and making the application in the ordinary way. Chenopodium (American Wormseed). — Used solely as an anthelmintic for the expulsion of round worms. Dose, 20 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 S m -)- Oil of Chenopodium (Oleum Chenopodii), 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c), before meals. 86 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Chimaphila (Pipsissewa). — Action and Uses. — Chimaphila is a tonic, astringent, and stimulating diu- retic. Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Chimaphilae Flu- idum), J to i dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Chiretta (Chirata). — Action and Uses. — Chiretta is a bitter tonic, free from astringent properties. It also stimulates the flow of bile. Dose. — Fluid Extract (Extractum Chiratse Fluidum), \ to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Tincture (Tinctura Chiratae), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-1 5.0 c.c). Chloral (Chloral Hydrate). — Action and Uses. — Chloral is a pure hypnotic and antispasmodic. It is not an anodyne, and will not produce sleep when pain is the cause of wakefulness. It is a marked depressant to the heart and the nervous system, and should be used with caution. The sleep of chloral resembles natural sleep, and is not followed by unpleasant after-effects, such as nausea and headache, which generally follow the use of opium. During sleep the pupils are slightly contracted, the respirations regular and quiet, and the pulse slowed. In some patients chloral may cause, instead of sleep, in- somnia, headache, and delirium. The danger of chloral is paralysis of the heart, which may occur without warn- ing. The dose, which varies according to susceptibility and the presence or absence of organic disease, is from 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Symptoms of Poisoning". — Profound coma, slow, thready pulse, complete muscular relaxation, labored res- pirations and cold, clammy skin, and dilated pupils. Treatment consists in the use of heart-stimulants, heat to all parts of the body, mustard paste over the heart, MATERIA MEDIC A. 87 and a mustard foot-bath. If not too late, emetics should be given or the stomach-pump used. Care must be taken not to exhaust the patient. When chloral is used continuously there is danger of the chloral-habit being formed. Chloralamid (Chloral Formamid; Chloralum For- mamidatum). — A nervous sedative and hypnotic. Dose, 5 to 60 grains (0.6-3.9 gm.). Chloral Butylicum (Butyl-chloral Hydrate). — Its action is similar to that of chloral hydrate, but feebler and less depressing to the heart. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Chloral Camphor. — This is a syrupy liquid made by rubbing together equal parts of chloral and camphor. It is used externally as an anodyne. Chloralose. — Used as a hypnotic. Dose, 2 to 7 grains (0.13-0.5 gm.). Chlorin Water (Aqua Chlori). — Used internally and externally as an antiseptic. Dose, J to 2 drams (1.8— 7.5 c.c). Solution of Chlorinated Soda (Liquor Sodae Chloratae ; Labarraque's Solution). — Used internally and externally as an antiseptic. Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.60-1.8 ex.). Chlorinated Lime. See Calx. Chlorate of Potassium (Potassii Chloras).— Action and Uses. — Chlorate of potassium is used as a stimulant to inflamed mucous membranes. As a mouth-wash and gargle for sore throat chlorate of potassium is well known, but it should not be used without the sanction of a phy- sician, on account of its irritant and poisonous properties. When given in large doses or for any length of time it has an irritant action on the kidneys. Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). 88 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Troches (Trochisci Potassii Chloratis).^-Z> usually given in milk. Troches of Guaiac (Trochisci Guaiaci Compositi). — Dose, 1. Guaiacol (Guaiacolum). — The most active ingredient of creosote. Action and Uses. — Guaiacol is used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and as a substitute for creosote in the treat- ment of tuberculosis. For its antipyretic action it is sometimes painted on the skin of the abdomen or chest. The most common method is to sprinkle the number of drops ordered on a piece of absorbent cotton, which is applied and fastened in place with a bandage. This method prevents evaporation and aids absorption. Dose, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). Guaiacol Benzoyl (Benzoate of Guaiacol), commonly called benzosol, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Internal antiseptic. Guaiacol Carbonate (Guaiacoli Carbonas ; Duotal), 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). An intestinal anti- septic. This drug contains 91 per cent, of chemically pure guaiacol. When taken into the system of tuber- cular patients, a part of the guaiacol carbonate is split up into guaiacol and carbonic acid, the former thus pre- venting the development of bacteria. It is said to steadily and permanently remove from the blood of tubercular patients the poisonous substances generated by the tubercle bacilli, and is more readily borne by the stom- ach than guaiacol itself. Guaiacol Salicylate (Guaiacoli Salicylas), 5 to 10 grains 122 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. (0.32-0.65 gm.). It is used for the same purpose as salol. Guaiacol Biiodid. — It is used for the same purposes as guaiacol and in the same doses. Valerianate of Guaiacol (Guaiacoli Valerianas), 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). Guaiaquin (Guaiacol Bisulphonate of Quinin). — An acid salt, in the form of a yellowish crystalline powder, in which are united the antiseptic effects of guaiacol with the antiperiodic action of quinin. It is used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), before meals. Guarana. — Action and Uses. — A nerve-stimulant, its action being similar to that of tea or coffee. Dose, 1 to 2 drams. Fluid Extract of Guarana (Extractum Guaranae Flu- idum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 ex.). Hamamelis (Witch-hazel). — Action and Uses. — Hamamelis is used both internally and externally as a hemostatic and astringent. Externally it is also em- ployed as a sedative application in bruises, inflamma- tions, etc. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Hamamelis (Extractum Hamamelidis Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Hedeoma (Pennyroyal). — Action and Uses. — Hede- oma is a stimulant aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue. Dose, J to 4 drams (1.9- 1 5.0 gm.), in warm infusion. Oil of Pennyroyal (Oleum Hedeomse), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Hellebore, American. See Veratrum Viride. Helleborein. — A glucosid obtained from hellebore. MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 23 Action and Uses. — Helleborein is used internally as a substitute for digitalis, and externally as a local anes- thetic. Dose, yq- to i grain (0.006-0.02 gm.). Hematoxylon. See Logwood. Henbane. See Hyoscyamus. Homatropin Hydrobromate (Homatropinae Hy- drobromas). — Action and Uses. — Homatropin resembles in its action atropin from which it is derived. It is largely used as a mydriatic, and, while its action is as prompt, though probably not so energetic as atropin, the dilatation of the pupil lasts only, as a rule, from thirty-six to forty-eight hours, while that of atropin is from eight to ten days. Dose, y^-g- to -g 1 ^ grain (0.0005-0.00108 gm.). In solu- tion the strength of 4 grains to 1 ounce of distilled water. Honey. See Mel. Hydrargyrum. See Mercury. Hydrastis {Golden Seal). — Hydrastis contains three alkaloids, hyperdrastin, berberin, and xanthopuccin. Action and Uses. — Hydrastis is a stomachic, tonic, mild astringent, antiseptic, nerve-stimulant, and alter- ative. It promotes the appetite and digestion, and in- creases the secretions of the liver and gastro-intestinal tract. It is said to be a hemostatic in uterine hemor- rhage and ecbolic in causing uterine contractions. Locally it is used as an astringent tonic to the parts to which it is applied. Long use impairs the digestion and causes constipa- tion. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Hydrastis (Extractum Hy- drastis Fluidum), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- 124 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Tincture of Hydrastis (Tinctura Hydrastis), J to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 c - c -)« Glycerite of Hydrastis (Glyceritum Hydrastis), J to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 c.c). Hydrastin, an alkaloid of hydrastis, said to be a stomachic and antiperiodic. It is used internally and externally in diseases of the skin. Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.016-0.065 gm.). As a wash, J to 2 grains to I ounce of water. Large doses produce symptoms similar to those of strychnin, and must be treated as such. Hydrastin Hydrochlorate, an artificial alka- loid of hydrastin. An active oxytocic and hemostatic in mostly all kinds of uterine hemorrhage. Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.016-0.065 gm.). Hydrogen Peroxid (Hydrogen Dioxid ; Aqua Hy- drogenii Dioxidi). — Action and Uses. — The commer- cial preparation is a 3-per-cent. aqueous solution of dioxid of hydrogen gas. Its strength is impaired with age. It should be kept in a cool, dark place. " Solu- tions should be kept loosely corked, so that the oxygen of decomposition may leak out, or the cork be easily blown out, because in this way the risk of dangerous explosion is avoided, while the decomposition is not re- tarded by keeping the oxygen in." — (Circular of Squibb & Sons) Peroxid of hydrogen is an active antiseptic, and, on account of the property which it possesses of effervescing in the presence of pus, mucus, and blood, it is much used for cleansing open wounds and diseased membranes. It is an active bleaching agent, and must therefore be used with caution in applications to the face and head. MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 25 Peroxid of hydrogen readily decomposes when brought in contact with metals. If used as a spray, a glass atomizer must be employed. Hyoscin Hydrobromate (Hyoscinse Hydrobromas). — The hydrobromate of an alkaloid obtained from hyos- cyamus. Used as a nerve-sedative and hypnotic. Dose, y^ to -^q grain (0.00054-0.0008 gm.) ; hypo- dermically ^-§ grain (0.00032 gm.), gradually increased. The action of hyoscin must be carefully watched, it being a powerful depressant of the cerebral and respira- tory centers. Death has occurred within seven minutes after y^j- grain given hypodermically. The symptoms of poisoning and treatment are similar to those of bella- donna. Hyoscyamin Hydrobromate (Hyoscyaminae Hy- drobromas). — The hydrobromate of an alkaloid obtained from hyoscyamus. Dose, y^ to ■£$ grain (0.0006-0.0013 gm.). Hyoscyamin Sulphate (Hyoscyaminae Sulphas). — Dose, yj-g- to -^3- grain (0.0006-0.0013 gm.). Hyoscyamin is said to be a more powerful antispas- modic and anodyne than atropin, but a less powerful mydriatic. Hyoscyamus (Henbane). — Action and Uses. — The action of hyoscyamus is somewhat similar to that of belladonna and stramonium, but unlike the latter it has marked hypnotic properties due to its alkaloid, hyoscin. Dose. — Extract of Hyoscyamus (Extractum Hyos- cyami), \ to 3 grains (0.032-0.19 gm.). Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus (Extractum Hyoscyami Fluidum), 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). Tincture of Hyoscyamus (Tinctura Hyoscyami), J to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 126 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Hyoscyamus is used externally in the form of fomen- tation or lotion to relieve pain and to allay irritation. The symptoms of poisoning are similar to those of belladonna, dilation of the pupils and dryness of the throat being the first symptoms. Sometimes after a large dose has been taken, the patient cannot see clearly to read. The nurse should bear in mind this effect of the drug, and assure the patient that the symptom will pass away in a little while. Hypnal. — A mixture of chloral and antipyrin. Action and Uses. — Hypnal is an antispasmodic, hyp- notic, and analgesic. Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.32-1.3 gm.). Hypnone (Acetophenone). — Action and Uses. — Hypnone is a hypnotic. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.) in capsule, or pep- permint-water. It is insoluble in water. It imparts a disagreeable odor to the breath. Toxic doses produce coma, followed by paralysis of the heart and respiration. Ichthalbin (Ichthyol Albuminate). — A grayish- brown powder, odorless and almost entirely tasteless. It contains about 75 per cent, of pure ichthyol. It is used as an alterative, assimilative, and antiphlogistic. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm), before meals. Ichthyol. — A substance obtained from a bituminous oil, containing about 15 per cent, of sulphur. Action and Uses. — Ichthyol is used internally and externally in various skin-diseases as an alterative, astringent, antiphlogistic, tonic, antiseptic, and ano- dyne. Dose. — Internally, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 gm.), in pill form or in capsules. Locally, it is applied in the MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 27 form of ointment or solution. It is a non-irritant to the skin. Strength of Solution. — 1 dram to the ounce, applied with a camel's-hair brush. Strength of Ointment. — 25 to 50 per cent. Ammonium Ichthyosulphate (Liquid Ichthyol). Potassium Ichthyosulphate. — Soft, semisolid ichthyol. Ignatia (St. Ignatius's Bean; Strychnos Ignatii). — Action and Uses. — The action of ignatia is the same as that of nux vomica, and it is used for the same pur- poses. It contains brucin and strychnin (about I per cent, of each), upon which its activity depends. Dose. — Tincture of Ignatia (Tinctura Ignatiae), 2 to 10 minims (0.12-0.6 c.c). The symptoms and treatment of poisoning are the same as those for nux vomica. Inula (Elecampane). — Action and Uses. — Inula is a mild stimulant to the secretory organs. It is now chiefly used as a domestic remedy. Dose, 20 to 60 grains (1.3-3.9 gm.). It is usually given in a decoction, prepared by boiling J ounce of the root in 1 pint of water. Dose, 1 to 2 ounces. Inulin. — Obtained from the root of the Inula Hel- enium. It is used as a stimulating expectorant. Dose, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). Iodoform (Iodoformum). — Contains from 94 to 97 per cent, of iodin. It appears as a pale yellow powder, but darkens on exposure to light. Action and Uses. — Iodoform is used internally and externally. Internally it is a tonic and alterative. Ex- ternally it is an alterative and an anesthetic, and is con- sidered by surgeons and gynecologists to be the best antiseptic powder in use. It prevents decomposition, and 128 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. inhibits the growth of the germs of putrefaction and pus-formation, although it does not destroy them. When applied too freely to raw surfaces, it may be absorbed into the system and cause poisoning. Some patients are very susceptible to its toxic effects. On account of this danger, salol is sometimes substituted for it, as is also a mixture of iodoform i part, and boric acid 7 parts. Dose, I to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), in pill or in capsule. Iodoform Ointment (Unguentum Iodoformi). — Used externally. As a spray : Equal parts of sweet oil and oil of tur- pentine, with 2 grains of iodoform to each ounce. Iodoform Suppositories (Suppositoria Iodoformi). — Each suppository contains 3 grains of iodoform. Toxic Effects. — The symptoms of iodoform absorp- tion are headache, loss of appetite, insomnia, rise of temperature, rapid, feeble pulse, and restlessness. These symptoms may pass away if the dressing is removed and discontinued. Grave cases are characterized by marked anxiety, a bright red eruption on the face and limbs, retention of urine, stupor, delirium, and col- lapse. Oil of turpentine will at once remove the objectionable odor of iodoform from the hands, instruments, and ves- sels that have been in contact with the drug. Iodol. — This is an odorless and tasteless compound resembling iodoform in its action. Like iodoform, it darkens when exposed to a bright light. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1.0 gm.). Externally in the form of solutions or ointments in strengths from 1 : 10 to 1 : 30, or as a dusting-powder. MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 29 Iodopyrin. — A substitute product of antipyrin con- taining iodin. It is used as an antipyretic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Iodothyrin. — The active principle of the thyroid gland combined with sugar of milk. An alterative and discutient. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.6-1.9 g m -)- Iodtim (Iodin). — A non-metallic element found in sea-weed and elsewhere. It is not used internally in its crude form, but in one of its preparations. Action and Uses. — Externally, iodin in the form of the tincture is a counterirritant and vesicant. When applied to the skin it produces a deep yellowish-brown stain, causes slight pain, and, subsequently, desquama- tion. From one to three coats are applied with a swab or camel's-hair brush, each coat being allowed to dry and the skin to desquamate before another is added. Iodin is also employed as an antiseptic and disinfectant. Symptoms of Acute Poisoning". — Iodin is an irritant poison, producing severe burning pain in the throat, stomach, and abdomen, vomiting and purging, salivation, a strong metallic taste in the mouth, a feeble, rapid pulse, pale face, and suppression of urine. The vomited matter has the odor of iodin, and when starchy food has been taken it has a blue color. The treatment consists in giving starch or flour stirred up in water, followed by emetics. External heat and stimulants are indicated. Iodism. — If used for any length of time, the iodids produce headache, running at the eyes and nose, soreness of the throat, salivation, a metallic taste in the mouth, and an eruption of acne on the face and limbs. Any of these symptoms must be reported. Sometimes small 130 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. doses of iodid of potassium will cause profuse running of the eyes and nose, which makes the patient think she has a cold. Preparations Containing Iodin. Iodid of Ammonium (Ammonii Iodidum). — Used internally and externally. It resembles iodid of potas- sium in its action, but is more irritating. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). Iodid of Ethyl (^Ethyli Iodidum). — Antispasmodic, stimulant, and anesthetic. Dose, 10 to 16 minims (0.6- 1.0 ex.), administered by inhalation. Iodid of Potassium (Potassii Iodidum). — Iodid of potassium is an alterative, also an absorbent, tonic, and stimulant to nutrition, and a slight diuretic. It has a powerful action upon the mucous membranes and has also the power of eliminating from the tissues several metallic poisons, chiefly mercury and lead. It is rapidly absorbed and eliminated. In small doses it usually appears in the saliva and urine in from twenty to thirty minutes. Its rapidity of elimination is not so great as that of its absorption, for, although it soon disappears from the stomach, it appears in the saliva for from thirty to forty hours afterward. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.) given in milk. Iodid of Sodium (Sodii Iodidum). — Used for the same purposes as iodid of potassium. The potassium having a depressing effect upon the vital functions, especially when given in large doses, the sodium iodid is often used as a substitute. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). Iodid of Strontium (Strontii Iodidum). — Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.32-1.9 gm.). Used in various diseases as a substitute for iodid of potassium. Larger doses can MATERIA MEDICA. 131 be given without fear of producing symptoms of intoler- ance. Iodid of Zinc (Zinci Iodidum) has an alterative action in addition to its astringent qualities as a zinc salt. Dose, \ to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). Liquor Iodi Compositus (Lugol's Solution ; Com- pound Solution of Iodin). — Dose, 5 to 16 minims (0.32- 1.0 c.c), well diluted. As an enema, from 1 to 8 drams in 1 quart of water. Tincture of Iodin (Tinctura Iodi). — Dose, 3 to 5 min- ims (0.18-0.3 c - c -)- Also used locally as a counterirri- tant. Ipecac (Ipecacuanha). — Action and Uses. — In small doses ipecac is an expectorant, hepatic stimulant, dia- phoretic, hemostatic, and in large doses an emetic. Locally applied to the skin or mucous membrane it is an irritant. As an emetic it is slow and mild in action, and is used when speedy action is not required. On account of its gentle action, it is preferred for old, feeble, and very young patients. Large draughts of water taken as soon as nausea begins will hasten the emetic action. Dose, \ to 30 grains (0.032-2.0 gm.). Flnid Extract of Ipecac (Extractum Ipecacuanhas Flu- idum), 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c.) as an expectorant; 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c.) as an emetic. Syrup of Ipecac (Syrupus Ipecacuanhas), 10 minims to 1 dram (0.6-3.7 c.c.) as an expectorant ; 2 to 4 drams (7.5-15.00 c.c.) as an emetic. Tincture of Ipecac and Opium (Tinctura Ipecacuanhas et Opii). — This preparation represents Dover's powder in a liquid form. Dose, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c), 10 132 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. minims being equal to I grain of opium and I grain of ipecac. Powder of Ipecac and Opium (Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii ; Dover's Powder). — Used as a diaphoretic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). 10 grains of the powder contain 1 grain of opium. Troches (Trochisci Ipecacuanhae). — Each troche con- tains \ grain of ipecac. Troches of Morphin and Ipecac (Trochisci Morphin ae et Ipecacuanhae). — Expectorant and anodyne. Dose, one. Each troche contains about -fa grain of morphin sulphate and -fy grain of ipecac. Normal Liquid Ipecac is an expectorant and emetic. Dose, 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). Emetic, 15 to 30 minims (1.0-1.8 c.c). Wine of Ipecac (Vinum Ipecacuanhae). — Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c); as an emetic, 1 dram (3.7 c.c) every fifteen minutes until vomiting is induced. Emetin (a crystalline alkaloid of Ipecac). — Dose, ■£% to \ grain (0.006-0.012 gm.) as an emetic. Iris (Blue Flag). — Action and Uses. — Iris is a ca- thartic, diuretic, and hepatic stimulant. In overdoses it is an irritant and depressant. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Extract of Iris (Extractum Iridis), 2 to 4 grains (0.13- 0.26 gm.). Fluid Extract of Iris (Extractum Iridis Fluidum), 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). Iron. See Ferrum. Jaborandi. See Pilocarpin. Jalap. — The tuberous root of Ipomoea Jalapa. It contains two resins, convolvulin and jalapin. MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 33 Action and Uses. — Jalap is a hydragogue cathartic, producing watery discharges. In overdoses it causes gastro-enteritis. Dose, 15 to 30 grains (1.0-2.0 gm.). Alcoholic Extract of Jalap (Extractum Jalapae Alco- holicum), 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Compound Jalap Powder (Pulvis Jalapae Compositus), 15 to 40 grains (1.0-2.59 gm.). Resin of Jalap (Resina Jalapae), 2 to 4 grains (0.13- 0.26 gm.); for a child, \ to J grain (0.01-0.032 gm.). Owing to its lack of taste, this preparation is preferred for children. Jatnbul. — Obtained from Eugenia Jambolana. Used as an adjunct to other remedies in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It is also a stomachic and astringent. Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.6-1.0 gm.). Fluid Extract, 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). James Powder (Antimonial Powder). — This powder contains oxid of antimony and phosphate of calcium. In small doses it is a diaphoretic and alterative; in large doses, a cathartic and emetic. Dose, 3 to 10 grains (0.19-O.65 gm.), usually given in pill form. Jamestown Weed. See Stramonium. Juniper (Juniperis; Juniper Berries). — Action and Uses. — Juniper is a general stimulant, diaphoretic, and diuretic. It contains a volatile oil on which its diuretic action depends. It imparts to the urine an odor of violets, and is eliminated by the kidneys. Dose, \ to 1 ounce (1 5.5-3 1.1 gm.), in infusion, which is made by adding 1 ounce of berries to 1 pint of boiling water, allowing it to stand in a warm place for one hour before using. 134 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Oil of Juniper (Oleum Juniperi), I to 5 minims (0.06- 0.3 ex.). Spirit of Juniper (Spiritus Juniperi ; Gin), 10 to 60 minims (0.6-3.7 c.c). Compound Spirit of Juniper (Spiritus Juniperi Com- positus) contains oil of juniper, oil of fennel, oil of caraway. Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). Kamala (Rottlera). — Action and Uses. — Kamala is an anthelmintic and purgative. Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.9-7.8 gm.). Kino. — Kino is the dried juice of Pterocarpus Mar- supium. It is an astringent. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.) in powder. Infusion of Kino (Infusum Kino). — Made by adding 2 drams of the extract to \ pint of boiling water, and straining when cool. Dose, 1 ounce. Tincture of Kino (Tinctura Kino), 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 7.5 c.c). Kotimyss. — Koumyss is a nutritious and easily assimilable preparation of milk. It is prepared as fol- lows : Take an ordinary beer-bottle with a patent stop- per ; put in it 1 pint of milk, the sixth part of a cake of Fleischmann's yeast, or 1 tablespoonful of fresh lager beer (brewer's) yeast, and J tablespoonful of white sugar reduced to syrup ; shake well and allow to stand in a refrigerator for two or three days, when it is ready to use. It will keep indefinitely if the bottles are laid on their side. Much waste can be saved by preparing the bottles with ordinary corks wired in position and draw- ing off the koumyss with a champagne tap. Many failures have resulted because the corks did not fit properly, the result being that the carbonic-acid gas MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 35 escaped as formed and left a worthless preparation. If there is any curdle or thickening part resembling cheese, the mixture should not be used, as this indicates that fermentation has been prolonged beyond the proper time. It is a good plan to gently shake the bottles for about ten minutes each day to prevent the clotting of casein. Koumyss is often retained when the stomach will bear no other food. It is very nutritive, each quart represent- ing about 4 ounces of solid food, and from 1 to 3 per cent, of alcohol. KOUSSO. See Cusso ; Bray era. Krameria (Rhatany). — Action and Uses. — Krameria is an astringent and slightly tonic. Dose. — Extract of Krameria (Extractum Krameriae), 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Fluid Extract of Krameria (Extractum Krameriae Fluidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Syrup of Krameria (Syrupus Krameriae), \ to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 ex.). Tincture of Krameria (Tinctura Krameriae), 1 to 2 drams (37-7.5 c.c). Troches of Krameria (Trochisci Krameriae). — One as required. Decoction of Krameria (Decoctum Krameriae), 1 to 2 ounces, made by adding 1 ounce of the powder to 1 pint of boiling water. Dose, I to 4 ounces (30.0-120 c.c). Kreolin. See Creolin. lactate of Iron. See Iron. lactate of Strontium. See Strontium. I/actopeptin. — A proprietary preparation of pepsin. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1.0 gm.). 136 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. I/actophenin (Lactyl-para-phenetidin). — Action and Uses. — Lactophenin is an antipyretic, sedative, and hyp- notic. Its action is similar to that of phenacetin, with- out the depressing effect upon the heart or circulation. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). I^actose (Sugar of Milk; Saccharum Lactis). — Action and Uses. — Lactose is used to sweeten infants' food and as a vehicle for powders. In large doses it is a diuretic. Dose, J to 1 ounce (1 5.0-31.0 gm.). I/actucarium (Lettuce). — Action and Uses.— Lac- tucarium is a mild hypnotic, sedative, and diuretic. Its action is said to be similar to that of opium, but more feeble, and without the depressing after-effects. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (1. 0-1.9 gm.). Syrup of Lactucarium (Syrupus Lactucarii), 1 to 3 drams (3.7-1 1.2 c.c). Tincture of Lactucarium (Tinctura Lactucarii), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- X/acttlcin. — A bitter substance, the chief ingredient of Lactucarium, and said to be sedative and hypnotic. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.06-0.3 gm.). I^amellse. — Small gelatin disks containing drugs to be inserted in the center of the lower eyelid. Those commonly used are : Lamellae Atropinse. — Disks of atropin, each of which contains -5-^0 -g- g ram of sulphate of atropin. Lamellse Cocainse. — Disks of cocain. Each disk contains yj-g- grain of cocain hydrochlorate. Lamellae Physostigminae. — Disks of physostigmin. Each disk contains ^Ao" S rSL ^ n °f physostigmin. I/anolin (Adeps Lanae Hydrosus). — Action and Uses. — Lanolin is a purified fat obtained from sheep's wool. It is used locally in skin-disease, in the treatment MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 37 of the eruptive fevers, during the state of desquamation, and as a basis for ointments. It is rapidly absorbed, and does not become rancid. I^appa (Burdock). — Action and Uses. — Burdock is used as an alterative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The leaves are used externally in the form of poultices in some skin-diseases. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Lappa (Extractum Lappae Fluidum), J to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Decoction of Lappa (Decoctum Lappae), 4 to 5 ounces. Made by boiling 2 ounces of the bruised root in 3 pints of water down to 2 pints. I/audanum. See Opium. I^avender (Lavandula ; Lavender Flowers). — Action and Uses. — Lavender is a gastric stimulant, aromatic and carminative. It is an agreeable and favorite flavor- ing agent and perfume. Dose. — Oil of Lavender (Oleum Lavandulae), I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Spirit of Lavender (Spiritus Lavandulae), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.9 c.c). Compound Tincture of Lavender (Tinctura Lavandulae Composita), \ to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- The compound tincture is a constituent of Fowler's solution (Liquor Potassii Arsenitis). I^ead (Plumbum). — Metallic lead is inert. In medicinal doses the preparations of lead are astringent, sedative, antiphlogistic, and hemostatic. As a hemostatic lead is usually combined with opium to ensure mental and bodily rest. Locally, they are sedative and astringent, and are used in the form of a lotion or an ointment. On account of the sedative and soothing action of lead, it is much used as an application to the eye in cases of inflammation I38 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. or catarrh of the conjunctiva. Taken internally, the salts of lead produce an astringent taste in the mouth and a dryness of the throat. In the stomach and intestines they lessen the secretions, contract the vessels, and arrest or retard peristaltic movements, causing great constipation. Lead is excreted through the skin and in the bile, milk, and urine. In passing through the kidneys it diminishes the excretion of uric acid. Symptoms of acute lead-poisoning" are burning sen- sation in the throat, stomach, and abdomen, a sweet, metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting, purging, or ob- stinate constipation, excessive thirst, paralysis, coma, and collapse. The vomit is white (due to the presence of chlorid of lead, formed by the action of the gastric juice), and the stools are black (due to the presence of the sulphid of lead). Treatment consists in the use of emetics and the ad- ministration of the antidote, Glauber or Epsom salts. The temperature should be maintained by external heat. Chronic Lead-poisoning. — Chronic lead-poisoning is frequently seen in workmen who handle the salts of the metal. It also results from the constant use of hair- dyes and cosmetics containing lead, and from drinking soft water which has been conveyed through leaden pipes. The chief symptoms are obstinate constipation, colic, a blue line on the gums, " wrist-drop," anemia, and convulsions and coma. The antidotes are potassium iodid and Epsom or Glauber salts. Preparations of Lead. Acetate of Lead (Sugar of Lead ; Plumbi Acetas). — A sedative astringent and hemostatic. As a hemostatic MATERIA MEDICA. 139 it lowers the heart's action and constricts the vessels. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.), sometimes given with opium. For external use, a solution of 2 drams (7.75 gm.) to 1 pint (480 c.c.) of water is the usual strength used. As a collyrium, 1 \ grains to I ounce (30.0 c.c.) of dis- tilled water. Carbonate of Lead (White Lead; Plumbi Carbonas). — Used externally as a powder or ointment. Some cos- metics and face-powders contain carbonate of lead, or white flake as it is more commonly called. When applied to a large surface care must be taken to guard against poisoning by absorption. Goulard's Cerate (Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis). — An astringent and protective. lodid of Lead (Plumbi Iodidum). — Dose, \ to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). It is rarely used internally. It is used locally in the form of ointment and plaster as astringent and alterative. Lead and Opium Pill (Pilulae Opii et Plumbi). — Each pill contains powdered opium 1 grain, acetate of lead 1 grain. Lead Oxid (Plumbi Oxidum ; Litharge). — Used chiefly in the manufacture of lead-plaster. Lead Plaster (Diachylon Plaster; Emplastrum Plumbi). — It is the basis of many plasters. Lead-water and Laudanum (L. and L. Solution). — This solution contains laudanum, 1 dram (3.7 c.c.) ; pure lead-water, 4 drams (5.0 c.c); water, 16 drams (60 c.c). It is used in sprains and local inflammations. Liniment of Subacetate of Lead (Linimentum Plumbi Subacetatis). — Used as an anodyne application. Subacetate of Lead Solution (Liquor Plumbi Sub- 140 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. acetatis ; Goulard's Extract). — It is used externally as an astringent and sedative lotion in the strength of i to 4 ounces (30-120 c.c.) to 1 pint of water (480 ex.). Nitrate of Lead (Plumbi Nitras). — Used externally in powder, as a local stimulant or caustic, and in solution of 10 grains (0.65 gm.) to 1 ounce of water (30.0 c.c), as a disinfectant. I/emon-peel (Limonis Cortex). — It is used for flavor- ing purposes. Action and Uses. — Internally, lemon- juice is a refrigerant, and forms a refreshing drink in fevers. It is given in the form of lemonade, or is added to nutritive drinks, such as barley-water. It is also used for the cure and prevention of scurvy. Externally, it is used as a gargle in sore throat, as a hemostatic in post-partum hemorrhage and epistaxis, and for the relief of sun-burn. To make the decoction, cut into thin slices a fresh, unpeeled lemon, add to it four teacupfuls of water, and boil down to 1 \ teacupfuls, in an earthenware jar. Allow it to stand in the open air for twelve hours and then strain. A solution commonly used as an application to the face in sunburn, consists of bismuth subnitrate, I dram (3.9 gm.), lemon-juice and glycerin, 1 ounce each (30 c.c). Oil of Lemon (Oleum Limonis) 1 to 5 minims (0.06- 0.3 c.c). Essence of Lemon (Spiritus Limonis), 30 to 60 minims 1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Lemon-juice (Succus Limonis). I^eptandra (Culver's Root). — Action and Uses. — Leptandra is a cathartic and cholagogue. Dose, 5 to 30 grains in powder (0.3-1.9 gm.). MATERIA ME D1C A. 141 Extract of Leptandra (Extractum Leptandrae), 1 to 8 grains (0.065-0.52 gm.). Fluid Extract of Leptandra (Extractum Leptandrae Fluidum), 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 c.c). I^icorice (Glycyrrhiza). — Action and Uses. — Licorice is a mild cathartic and demulcent. It is also used to mask the taste of bitter or disagreeable substances. Dose. — Extract of Licorice (Extractum Glycyrrhizae), 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Fluid Extract of Licorice (Extractum Glycyrrhizae Flu- idum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Pure Extract of Licorice (Extractum Glycyrrhizae Pu- rum), 5 to 100 grains (0.32-6.5 gm.). Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizinum Ammonia- turn), 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1. o gm.). Compound Licorice Powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Com- positus), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Brown Mixture (Compound Licorice Mixture ; Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). Troches of Licorice and Opium (Trochisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii). — Each troche contains 2 grains of extract of licorice and -fa grain of opium. Dose, 1 as required. I4nie. See Calx. Wnimentum Atnmonise (Ammonia Liniment). — Used as a rubefacient. It may be thoroughly rubbed into the skin, or a piece of flannel saturated with the liniment may be applied over the part and fastened in place with a bandage. Wnimentum Belladonnae (Belladonna Liniment). — Used as an anodyne. I/inimentum Calcis (Lime Liniment ; Carron Oil). — This consists of equal parts of lime-water and linseed oil. Used on burns and scalds. 142 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Ivinimentum Camphorae (Camphor Liniment). — Used as an anodyne. Compound Liniment of Camphor is used as a rubefacient and anodyne. Xanimentum Chloroformi (Chloroform Liniment). — Used as an anodyne. A piece of flannel saturated with the liniment is applied over the part, and well cov- ered with oil-silk to prevent evaporation. Jyinimentum Crotonis (Croton Oil Liniment). — Used as a rubefacient and vesicant. I^inimentum Saponis (Soap Liniment). — Used as an anodyne and mild rubefacient. Soap and Opium Liniment contains equal parts of laudanum and soap liniment. It is sometimes called anodyne liniment, or opium liniment. It is used as a mild rubefacient and anodyne. I^inimentum Sinapis Compositum (Compound Liniment of Mustard). — Used as a rubefacient. It should be applied on flannel and covered with oil-silk or paper. I/inimentum Terebinthinae (Turpentine Liniment). — Used as a counterirritant and stimulant. I/inum (Linseed ; Flaxseed). — Action and Uses. — Linseed, or flaxseed tea as it is more commonly called, is used internally as a demulcent drink in allaying coughs, and in forming a soothing protectant for inflamed mucous membranes. Externally, the oil of flaxseed, added to an equal amount of lime-water (carron oil), makes a soothing application for burns. The ground seed (flaxseed meal) is used in poultices. The whole seeds are used in making flaxseed tea. Flaxseed Tea. — Flaxseed (whole), I ounce; white sugar, i tablespoonful ; licorice root, 2 small sticks; MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 43 lemon-juice, 4 tablespoonsful. Pour on these materials a quart of boiling water ; let it stand in a hot place, and then strain. Another method is to pour 1 quart of boil- ing water over 5 ounces of flaxseed (whole), boil from one-half to three-quarters of an hour, stand in a hot place for fifteen minutes, strain, add lemon-juice and sugar to taste. I/ipanin. — A mixture of olive oil and oleic acid, in the proportion of 1 to 6 parts. Used as a substitute for cod-liver oil. Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). I/itharge. See Oxid of Lead. I/ithium. — The action of the lithium salts is very similar to that of potassium. They lessen the acidity of the urine and aid in the elimination of the uric acid by the kidneys. They are diuretic and antacid. Preparations of Lithium. Benzoate of Lithium (Lithii Benzoas). See Benzoic Acid. Bromid of Lithium. See Bromum. Carbonate of Lithium (Lithii Carbonas). — Dose, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). Citrate of Lithium (Lithii Citras). — Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.32-1.3 gm.). Effervescent Lithium Citrate (Lithii Citras Effer- vescens). — Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-15.5 gm.). Lithia Water (Effervescing Solution of Lithia ; Liquor Lithiae EfTervescens). — Dose, 5 to 10 ounces (150-300 c.c). Lithium Salicylate (Lithii Salicylas).— Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-2.0 gm.). 144 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. I/Obelia (Indian Tobacco). — Action and Uses. — Lobelia is an antispasmodic, expectorant, diaphoretic, emetic, and motor depressant. It is chiefly used as an antispasmodic in asthma. The symptoms of poisoning are nausea, vomiting, purging, cold sweat, profuse sweating, a rapid, feeble pulse, pale skin, livid face, muscular relaxation, stupor, coma, and collapse. Treatment. — Evacuation of stomach, external heat, heart-stimulants, and demulcent drinks. Fluid Extract of Lobelia (JLxX.ra.ctum Lobeliae Fluidum), I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c); as an emetic, 16 to 60 minims (1.0-3.7 c - c -)- * ts act ion as an emetic is so de- pressing that it is now rarely used. Tincture of Lobelia (Tinctura Lobeliae), 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c); as an emetic, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Infusion of Lobelia (Infusum Lobeliae), 1 ounce to 1 pint of water. — Dose, 1 to 6 drams. It is sometimes used externally as a lotion in the treatment of eczema produced by poisoning. I/Obelin. — An alkaloid of lobelia. An antispas- modic. Dose. — Sulphate of Lobelin, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). X^Ogwood (Hematoxylon). — Action and Uses. — Logwood is a tonic and mild astringent. It produces blood-red stools and urine. Dose. — Extract of Hematoxylin (Extractum Haema- toxyli), 5 to 30 grains (3.9-1.2 c.c). Fluid Extract of Hematoxylin (Extractum Haematoxyli Fluidum), 1 to 4 drams (1. 8-1 5.0 c.c). I/OSOphan. — Action and Uses. — Losophan is used as a parasiticide in some skin-diseases in the form of MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 45 ointment, powder, or solution. The strength usually used is from 5 to 20 per cent. X,Upuli. See Hops. I/ycopodiutn. — A fine yellow powder derived from a species of moss. It is used as an absorbent and pro- tective powder in chapping of the skin. I^ysol. — A brown oily liquid, having the odor of creosote, obtained from tar-oils, and said to contain 50 per cent, of cresols. Lysol is much used in surgical and gynecological practice as a safe disinfectant and antiseptic. When added to water it forms a clear, soapy liquid, which may be used for the disinfection of the hands of the surgeon and the patient's skin without the addition of soap. On account of its saponaceous character it cannot be used for instruments, as it renders them slippery. It is used in solutions of the strength of from 1 to 5 per cent. To make a i-per-cent. solution, 10 drams of lysol are added to 1 gallon of water. Its chief advantage over other antiseptics lies in its non-irritant and much less poison- ous properties, and it can be used for the disinfection of everything in the sick-room. Magendie's Solution. See Morphin, Opium. Magnesium. — Action and Uses. — The metal mag- nesium is never used in medicine ; its salts, however, are much used as cathartics. Preparations. — Magnesia (Light Magnesia ; Calcined Magnesia; Husband's Magnesia). — It is a laxative, ant- acid, and antidote to arsenic. Dose, 10 to 40 grains (0.65-2.59 gm.). It is also used as a dusting-powder. Magnesia Ponderosa (Heavy Magnesia). — Dose, 15 to 40 grains (1.0-2.59 g m -)- 10 146 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Magnesium Carbonate (Magnesii Carbonas). — Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.65-1.0 gm.). It is an antacid and laxative. Magnesium Sulpliate (Magnesii Sulphas ; Epsom Salt). — Dose, 2 to 8 drams (7.8-3 1.1 gm.). It is an active cathartic, producing large watery movements without intestinal irritation. As an enema : Magnesium sulphate, 2 ounces ; glyce- rin, 1 ounce ; warm water, 4 ounces. Effervescent Magnesium Citrate (Magnesii Citras Ef- fervescens). — Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-1 5.0 gm.), dissolved in cold water and swallowed while effervescing. Citrate of Magnesia Solution (Liquor Magnesii Citra- tis). — Dose, 6 to 12 ounces (180.0-360.0 c.c). In small doses it is a laxative ; in full doses (12 ounces), a purga- tive. Carbonate of Magnesia Solution (Liquor Magnesii Car- bonatis). — Dose, 1 to 2 ounces (30.0-60.0 c.c). It is a laxative and antacid. Malt (Maltum). — Action and Uses. — Malt is a nu- tritive tonic. Dose. — Extract of Malt, 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). Manganese (Manganum).— Action and Uses. — The preparations of manganese are tonic, alterative, and emmenagogue. As emmenagogues the sulphate and peroxid of manganese and permanganate of potash are supposed to be even more powerful than iron. The two former preparations are usually given, because when given in pill form permanganate of potash is apt to undergo spontaneous combustion, while in the form of a mixture it has a very disagreeable taste. Manganese exists normally in the blood, bile, etc., in association with iron, in the proportion of about I to 20. MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 47 Preparations. — Mangani Oxidimi Nigrum (Black Oxid of Manganese). — It is an emmenagogue. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.) in pill form. Mangani Sulphas (Manganese Sulphate ; Manganous Sulphate). — Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). Potassii Perrnanganas (Permanganate of Potassium). — Permanganate of potassium is an antiseptic, disinfectant, and deodorant. See Oxalic Acid. It acts by oxidizing organic substances. It is used internally and externally. In its pure state it is a caustic and irritant. Internally, permanganate of potassium is an antidote for morphin-poisoning, 3 grains being capable of destroy- ing 2 grains of morphin. It is also used as an emmen- agogue. Dose, \ to 3 grains (0.032-0.19 gm.) in com- pressed tablets, with large draughts of water to prevent its irritating effect on the stomach. Externally, in the strength of from 20 to 60 grains to 1 pint of warm water. Permanganate stains everything with which it comes in contact, but the stain may be removed with a solution of oxalic acid. Condy's Fluid, which contains 16 grains of perman- ganate of potassium to 1 ounce of water, is a disinfectant and deodorant. Manila. — The concrete exudation of Fraxinus Ornus. It contains mannit, a sugar (from 50 to 80 per cent), and a resin, which is probably the laxative principle. Action and Uses. — Manna is a mild laxative, but is rarely given alone. It is usually combined with rhu- barb, senna, and other purgatives. Dose, 1 to 8 drams (3.9-3 1.1 c.c). It enters into the official Infusum Sennce Compositum 148 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. (Compound Infusion of Senna, or Black Draught). Dose, 2 to 8 drams (7.8-3 1.1 ex.). Marrtlbium (Horehound). — Action and Uses. — Horehound is used as a gastric stimulant and expecto- rant. In large doses it is laxative and diaphoretic. Dose, Jto 1 dram in infusion (1 ounce of the herb to 1 pint of boiling water). Matico. — Action and Uses. — Matico is used as an aromatic tonic, hemostatic, and stimulant to the mucous membranes. Dose, \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c ) m decoction. Fluid Extract of Matico (Extractum Matico Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 cc )- Tincture of Matico (Tinctura Matico), | to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 cc). Matricaria (German Chamomile). — Action and Uses. — In small doses matricaria is a mild tonic ; in large doses it is an emetic and anthelmintic. It is a popular domestic remedy among the German people. Dose, \ to I ounce (15.0-30.0 c.c.) in infusion. Mel (Honey). — Action and Uses. — Honey is demul- cent, nutritive, and slightly laxative. It is chiefly used as a vehicle. Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Honey of Rose (Mel Rosae). — Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7- 7.5 c.c). It is slightly astringent, and is used as an ap- plication for the mouth and throat in combination with other agents. Clarified Honey (Mel Despumatum). — Dose,, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Oxymel, a domestic remedy for colds and sore throat, is a mixture containing 5 ounces each of vinegar and water, and 40 ounces of honey. MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 49 Mentha Piperita (Peppermint). — The leaves and tops of Mentha Piperita. Action and Uses. — Peppermint is an aromatic stimu- lant, carminative, and antispasmodic. The oil of pepper- mint applied locally is an irritant and anesthetic, more especially if evaporation be prevented. Dose. — Peppermint Water (Aqua Menthae Piperitae), 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). Oil of Peppermint (Oleum Menthae Piperitae), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Essence of Peppermint (Essentia Menthse Piperitae), 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Peppermint Troches (Trochisci Menthae Piperitae). — One as required. Mentha Viridis (Spearmint). — Action and Uses. — The action of spearmint is similar to that of peppermint. Dose. — Spearmint Water (Aqua Menthae Viridis), 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). Oil of Spearmint (Oleum Menthae Viridis), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Menthol (Peppermint Camphor). — A camphor ob- tained chiefly from the essential oil of peppermint. Action and Uses. — Menthol is used as a carminative, sedative, local anesthetic, and antiseptic. Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.), given in pill form or emulsion. The strength of solution for external use is 2 to 8 grains to the ounce of water. As an appli- cation for burns, 1 in 10 parts of olive oil. Benzoate of Menthol and Chloral Menthol are used locally. Mercury (Quicksilver ; Hydrargyrum). — Action and Uses. — The preparations containing metallic mercury are derived directly or indirectly from the metal itself. 150 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. The metal itself is inert, but in the form of any of its preparations it is easily absorbed by the skin, lungs, stomach, and mucous membranes, and produces con- stitutional effects. Mercury rapidly accumulates in the body. It is eliminated by all the secretions. A single dose may be eliminated in twenty-four hours, but the elimination is often irregular and intermittent. In small doses the preparations of mercury are tonic, increasing the number of blood-cells, alterative, purga- tive, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, and astringent. As an antiseptic the bichlorid and biniodid are the best. Preparations of Mercury. Emplastrum Hydrargyri (Mercurial Plaster; Oleate of Mercury and Lead Plaster). — A local resolvent, me- chanical support, and mild counter-irritant. Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum (Bichlorid of Mercury; Mercuric Chlorid; Corrosive Sublimate). — Corrosive sublimate is a powerful antiseptic. It is much used in dressings, poultices, douches, etc., and in cleans- ing the skin. The solutions employed vary in strength from i : 500 to I : 10,000. Great care must be exercised in handling it on account of its poisonous properties. In concentrated form it is an escharotic. Internally, in small doses, it is used as an alterative and tonic. Dose, A to tV grain (0.002-0.004 gm.). It is not a good disinfectant for stools, as it hardens the albuminous material which covers the outside of fecal masses, and thus protects the inside from its action. Tartaric, citric, or hydrochloric acid added to the solu- tion prevents union with albumin of tissue. The first symptoms of mercurial poisoning are fetid breath, an excessive flow of saliva, and a metallic taste MATERIA MEDIC A. I 5 I in the mouth. The gums are red, swollen, spongy, and easily bleed. The drug should never be continued beyond this point ; if it is continued, the gums ulcerate, the teeth fall out, and the tongue becomes enormously swollen. Poisoning. — In poisonous doses it causes nausea, vomiting, burning pains in the stomach, purging of mucus and blood, suppression of urine, excessive thirst, anxious face, a small frequent pulse, difficult respiration, coldness and cramps in the extremities, collapse, con- vulsions, and death. Treatment. — White of egg beaten up with water or flour and milk should be administered at once, after which the stomach should be thoroughly washed out with the stomach-pump. Demulcent drinks, external heat, and heart-stimulants are often indicated. Hydrargyri Chloridurn Mite (Mild Mercurous Chlo- rid ; Calomel). — Calomel is used as a cathartic, diuretic, alterative, and hepatic stimulant. Large doses are anti- pyretic. Dose, 21 to 10 grains (0.0032-0.65 gm.). It may be given dry on the tongue, in pill, tablet, or mixed with syrup. Hydrargyri Cyanidum (Mercuric Cyanid) is used as an alterative. Dose, -j^ to 2V grain (0.0022-0.0032 gm.). Hydrargyri Iodidum Flavum (Protiodid of Mer- cury ; Yellow Mercurous Iodid). — A heavy bright-yellow powder, becoming dark upon exposure to light. An alterative. Dose, jr to 1 grain (0.01-0.065 gm.). Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum (Red Mercuric Iodid ; Biniodid of Mercury). — It is an alterative and a violent irritant. Considered even more antiseptic than bichlorid. Dose, ^0 to 2V grain (0.0022-0.0032 gm.). Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum (Yellow Oxid of Mer- 152 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. cury). — Used internally as an alterative and antiseptic, and externally, in the form of an ointment, in chronic inflammations of the eyelids and in certain chronic skin-diseases. It is also used for making the oleate of mercury. Hydrargyri Salicylas (Mercuric Salicylate). — Dose, eV to i grain (0.001-0.008 gm.). Used hypodermically. It rarely produces internal irritation unless taken in very large doses. Used externally, 2 to 5 per cent. In dis- eases of the eye, 3 per cent. Hydrargyri Subsulphas Flavus (Yellow Mercuric Subsulphate). — It is sometimes used as an emetic. Dose, 3 to 5 grains (0.19-0.32 gm.), repeated, if necessary, in fifteen minutes, for two to three doses. Not much used now because of the danger when vomiting does not fol- low its use. Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum (Ammoniated Mercury). — Used externally in the form of an ointment in various skin-diseases. Hydrargyrum Cum Creta (Mercury with Chalk ; Gray Powder). — It is a mild purgative. Its action is similar to that of calomel and blue mass. Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.65 gm.). Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis (Solution of Mercuric Nitrate). — A powerful caustic, and should be applied by means of a glass rod. Lotio Hydrargyri Flava (Yellow Wash). — Used lo- cally in certain inflammatory skin-diseases. Lotio Hydrargyri Nigra (Black Wash). — Used lo- cally in certain affections of the skin. Massa Hydrargyri (Blue Mass ; Blue Pill). — Dose, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). A mild purgative and alterative. Has a milder action than calomel and is less MATERIA MEDICA. 1 53 irritant to the stomach, but is more apt to salivate than any other preparation. Dose, as an alterative, 1 to 2 grains (0.065-0.13 gm.). Unguentum Hydrargyri (Mercurial Ointment ; Blue Ointment). — It is used externally in certain skin-diseases, and also to obtain the general action of mercury when the drug cannot be taken by mouth. It passes through the skin and is absorbed by the blood, without produc- ing any local irritation. The application must be made where the skin is soft and free from hair. It may be applied to the feet, as the friction of walking rubs in the mercury. The inunction must be very thorough. The advantages of inunction are — there are almost no digestive disturbances, it is the most rapid method of obtaining action, and has the least general bad effects. See Inunction. Methacetin. — A new antiseptic and analgesic, similar to phenacetin. Methacetin is apt to depress the heart and sometimes cause collapse, accompanied or preceded by profuse sweating. Dose, 2 to 5 grains (0.12-0.3 § m -)> given in powder or in mucilage. Methyl Blue. See Pyoktcmin. Methyl Chloridum (Methyl Chlorid ; Chlormethyl). — A highly volatile liquid, having an odor resembling ether. Used locally as an anesthetic in the form of a spray. The part is first washed thoroughly with soap and water, and afterward with ether to remove all fatty substances. Methyl Salicylas (Methyl Salicylate).— An artificial oil of wintergreen, used for the same purposes as the 154 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. natural oil. Is less irritating to the skin when applied externally. Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Methylene Blue. — A new remedy introduced as an anodyne, analgesic, antiseptic, and antiperiodic. It must not be confounded with methyl blue. Much used in carcinomatous growths. It imparts to the urine a green- ish color. Dose, by the mouth, 1 \ to 8 grains (0.09-0.52 gm.), in capsules ; or hypodermically, \ to 1 grain (0.002-0.06 gm.). Methylene Chlorid (Chlorid of Methylene).— Used as a local anesthetic in the form of spray. It must not be confounded with methyl chlorid. Mezereum. — Action and Uses. — Mezereum is occa- sionally used internally alone, or combined with other drugs, as a purgative and stimulant to the skin and kid- neys. Externally it is a counterirritant. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Mezereum (Extractum Meze- rei Fluidum), 5 minims (0.3 c.c.) well diluted. Monsel'S Solution. See Iron. Morphin. See Opium. Morrhuse Oleum (Cod-liver Oil ; Oleum Morrhuae). Moschus (Musk). — Action and Uses. — Musk is a nerve-stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose. — Tincture of Musk (Tinctura Moschi), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). It is sometimes given in the form of enema. Mustard (Sin apis). — Sinapis Alba (White Mustard) ; Sinapis Nigra (Black Mustard). Action and Uses. — Mustard is commonly used exter- nally as a stimulant and counterirritant. Internally, in small doses, taken with food it increases the appetite by MATERIA MEDICA. I 55 stimulating the gastric circulation. In large doses it is an emetic. Dose, as an emetic, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-1 5-0 c.c.) in lukewarm water. Mustard Paper (Charta Sinapis) is used externally as a counterirritant. It should be dipped in warm water before applying. The home-made mustard plaster is preferred by many physicians because its strength can be more easily regulated. Mustard Plaster. — A mustard plaster may be made of pure mustard, or of mustard and flour in various proportions, mixed into a paste with warm water, and spread between two layers of muslin or soft linen rag. When mixed with flour the action of the mustard is slower, and it is not so liable to blister. The plaster is covered and left on from ten to twenty minutes. When it is removed the part is smeared with a little vaselin and covered with a soft cloth. While the plaster remains on the patient a corner should be raised from time to time to see that it is not blistering ; especially is this necessary with unconscious and paralyzed patients. For children 4 parts of flour are mixed with 1 part of mustard ; when the skin is red the plaster is removed and a flaxseed- meal poultice applied. The action is slower, but blister- ing is prevented. The white of an egg and mustard make also a non-blistering plaster. When a mild counterirritant action is desired, the mus- tard is used in the form of a fomentation or poultice. Mustard fomentation consists of flannel wrung out of very hot water (not boiling), to the pint of which has been added 1 tablespoonful of mustard. It is preferable to make a paste of the mustard before adding it to the hot water, so as to prevent the formation of lumps. 156 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Mustard should not be added to boiling water, as the action of the volatile oil which the mustard contains, and to which it owes its value, will be thereby destroyed. Mustard Poultice. — A mustard poultice is made by adding to very hot water 2 parts of mustard (all the lumps being first thoroughly dissolved) to 4 parts of flaxseed-meal. The poultice is spread and applied in the usual way. If the mustard be sprinkled over the flaxseed poultice, there is danger of burning the patient in patches. The Compound Liniment (Linimentum Sinapis Com- positum) is also used as a counterirritant. The volatile oil of mustard is used externally as a rubefacient. Myristica (Nutmeg). — Action and Uses. — Nutmeg is an aromatic, stomachic, and carminative. It is fre- quently employed in combination with other drugs to correct disagreeable properties. In small doses it in- creases the appetite and promotes digestion. In large doses it is a narcotic, producing stupor and delirium. Dose, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). Oil of Nutmeg (Oleum Myristicae), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.). Spirit or Essence of Nutmeg (Spiritus Myristicae). — Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). Aromatic Powder (Pulvis Aromaticus), 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). Myrrha (Myrrh). — Action and Uses. — Myrrh is used as a stimulant, expectorant, and emmenagogue. Locally the tincture is used as a mild stimulant and disinfectant. Dose. — Ti?2cture of Myrrh (Tinctura Myrrhae), 5 to 16 minims (0.3-1.0 c.c). MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 57 Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh (Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae). — Dose, \ to 2 drams (1.8-7.5 c - c -)- Pills of Aloes and Myrrh (Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae), 1 to 3 pills. Naphtalin (Naphtalene, or Coal-tar Camphor). — Action and Uses. — Internally naphtalin is used as an intestinal antiseptic in diarrhea. Externally it is a powerful disinfectant and antiseptic ; also used as a stimulating application in certain skin- diseases ; it may be applied in the form of a dusting- powder or ointment. Its odor may be disguised by adding a few drops of the oil of bergamot. Dose for an adult, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.); for children, \ to \ grain (0.010-0.016 gm.). It is best given in capsules, pill form, cachets, or in sugar. As an enema, the dose is 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.) in 3 ounces of olive oil. Locally in solutions from 1 to 50 per cent. Naphtol, or Beta-naphtol, is obtained from naphta- lene, and is used internally and externally for the same purposes as naphtalene. As an antiseptic solution, the strength used is usually 5 to 15 per cent. The strength of ointments is 3 to 10 per cent. Dose, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0. 1 5 gm.). Beta-naphtol Bismuth is used for the same purpose as beta-naphtol. Dose, 10 to 20 grains (0.65-1.3 gm.). Hydronaphtol is a powerful and non-irritating antisep- tic, and is used internally and externally. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.), given in emulsion, wafers, or cap- sules. Locally it is employed in solution, ointment, or powder. Narcein (Narceina, an alkaloid of Opium). — Narcein 158 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. resembles morphin very closely in its action, but it is milder and less apt to cause disagreeable after-efTects. Dose, \ to \ grain (0.01-0.03 gm.). Netirodin. — Neurodin is a tar-derivative, and is used as an antipyretic and antineuralgic. It is non-poisonous, and seldom produces disagreeable symptoms or after- effects. Dose, 10 to 20 grains (0.65-1.3 gm.). Niaouli Oil. — An oil from the heads of Melaleuca Viridiflora, resembling terpinol in composition. Action and Uses. — Niaouli oil is used as an expec- torant in bronchitis and tuberculosis. Dose, 2 to 5 minims (0.12-0.3 c.c), administered either hypodermically in olive oil, or by the mouth in capsules, emulsion, or glycerin. Nitrate of Ammonium. See Ammonium. Nitrate of Ethyl. See Ether. Nitrate of Silver. See Argentum. Nitrite of Arnyl. See Amy I Nitrite. Nitrite of Potassium. — Dose, 1 to 2 grains (0.65- 0.32 gm.). Rarely used at present. Next to the chlo- rate the nitrite is the most poisonous of the potassium salts. Nitrite of Sodium resembles nitroglycerin in action, but is less prompt. Dose, 1 to 3 grains (0.65-0.13 gm.). Nitroglycerin (Trinitrin; Glonoin). — Action and Uses. — The action of nitroglycerin is similar to that of nitrite of amyl and other nitrites, but is more power- ful and its effects more enduring. It is a quickly-acting heart-stimulant and antispasmodic. In some people the use of nitroglycerin is followed by flushing of the face, giddiness, nausea, constriction around the forehead, di- MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 59 lated pupils, a rapid pulse, and frontal headache persist- ing for several hours. Dose of the spirit, I to 2 drops (0.06-0.12 c.c.) of a i-per-cent. solution, in water or glycerin, or in tablets, each containing yj^ to ^ grain of nitroglycerin (0.00065- 0.00032 gm.). yj-g- grain of nitroglycerin is sometimes added to each hypodermic injection of cocain, and, while it counteracts the depressing effects of the cocain, it does not interfere with its local anesthetic action. Nitrous Oxid Gas (Laughing Gas). — Action and Uses. — Nitrous oxid is used as an anesthetic in dentistry and minor surgery. It is given pure from an inhaler without admixture of air. Unconsciousness comes on in from one-half to three minutes. The face is swollen, livid, the pulse slow and full. Anesthesia occurs when blood becomes dark from the exclusion of oxygen. Recovery of consciousness and natural breathing occur in from one to three minutes without leaving any after- effects except a slight headache, which may persist for some hours. Nuclein. — A granular product of the leukocytes. Action and Uses. — Nuclein elaborates peptones for assimilation by various tissues of the body. By increas- ing the number and stimulating the white blood-cells, it increases the power of resistance to disease, and may be used in all cases of lowered vitality. It is also used as a gastro-intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 3 grains (0.19 gm.) in powder or in tablet form. Dose of solution, the strengths varying from 5 to 30 per cent, 10 minims to 1 dram (0.6-3.7 c.c). It is applied locally in powder form or in solution. Protonuclein is a combination of nuclein obtained l6o PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. from various tissues of the body. Dose, same as for nuclein. Nutmeg. See Myristica. Nux Vomica. — The seeds of an East Indian tree, the Strychnos Nux Vomica. It contains two alkaloids, stiychnin and brucin, which resemble each other in action. The medicinal action of nux vomica depends largely on its alkaloid, strychnin. Action and Uses. — Nux vomica is a powerful stimu- lant to the spinal cord, heart, and respiration. Under its influence the pulse increases in force and rapidity. Small doses act as a bitter tonic, improving the appetite and stimulating intestinal peristalsis. The symptoms of an overdose (gr. y 1 ^) are twitching of the muscles of the face, arms, or legs (the twitching being more marked in paralyzed than in normal parts), slight stiffness of muscles of the neck and jaw, restless- ness, and anxiety. After a poisonous dose (gr. J) the chief symptoms are violent convulsive seizures, lasting for a few seconds, and followed by periods of relaxation. The convulsions come on more quickly in paralyzed limbs than in those under the control of the will. A draught of air, a touch, or a noise may be sufficient to excite a fresh attack of these seizures. The condition resembles tet- anus, but differs from it in the complete relaxation of the muscles between the paroxysms, and in the com- parative absence of trismus (lock-jaw). The mind, as a rule, remains clear to the last. Death results from ex- haustion or asphyxia from spasmodic arrest of the mus- cles of respiration. Treatment. — Convulsions should be controlled by inhalations of chloroform. The chemical antidote is tannic acid. The physiological antidotes are potassium MATERIA MEDICA. IOI bromid (60 grains), and chloral (20 grains), and when the patient is unable to swallow, these may be given by the rectum. While the patient is under the influence of the anesthetic, the stomach-pump should be employed. Perfect quiet should be maintained. Preparations and Doses. — Extract of Nux Vomica (Extractum Nucis Vomicae), \ to \ grain (0.01-0.016 gm.). Fluid Extract of Nux Vomica (Extractum Nucis Vom- icae Fluidum), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Tincture of Nux Vomica (Tinctura Nucis Vomicae), 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). See Strychnin. Oleum Crotonis (Croton Oil ; Oleum Tiglii). — Action and Uses. — Croton oil is a powerful irritant to the skin, causing inflammation attended with a pustular eruption which heals by scabbing. Internally it is a drastic ca- thartic, employed when a speedy evacuation of the bowels is necessary, as in obstinate constipation, apo- plexy, uremia, and acute delirium. Externally it is used as a counterirritant. Dose, 1 to 2 drops (0.06-0.12 c.c.) given in sugar, glyc- erin, or bread-crumb. When the patient is unconscious or delirious the drops should be placed on the back of the tongue, so that they will be swallowed involun- tarily. When applied externally, the oil is sprinkled on a piece of white flannel and rubbed over the part or allowed to remain until it is well reddened. When a mild action is required, it is sometimes diluted with olive oil or other liniments. It is also applied in the plaster form. Symptoms of poisoning are violent purging and 11 1 62 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. vomiting, burning pain in the throat, stomach, and ab- domen, and great prostration. Treatment. — Demulcent drinks, such as gruel, linseed tea, oatmeal, or milk, should be given. The stomach should be emptied by emetics or the stomach-pump, after which a cup of strong coffee should be given. External heat, friction, and heart-stimulants are indi- cated. Oleum Eucalypti (Oil of Eucalyptus). — Action and Uses. — Internally eucalyptus oil is a stimulating expec- torant and diuretic. Externally it is used as an anti- septic and local irritant. When applied to the skin and evaporation prevented, it acts as a vesicant. Dose, 5 to 1 6 minims (0.3-1.0 c.c), given in capsules on account of the unpleasant taste of the drug. Oleum Gaultherise (Oil of Gaultheria ; Oil of Win- tergreen). — Action and Uses. — Oil of gaultheria is much used in rheumatism as a substitute for salicylic acid, the physiological action of which it closely resem- bles. It is often well borne by the stomach when the acid or its salts cannot be tolerated. It is also an agree- able flavoring-agent. Dose, 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.9 c.c), given in capsule. It is also used locally as a liniment. Oleum Hedeomse (Oil of Hedeoma ; Oil of Penny- royal). — Action and Uses. — Oil of hedeoma is much used in amenorrhea, to promote the menstrual flow. It is also used in flatulent colic. Dose, I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Oleum Juniperi (Oil of Juniper). — Action and Uses. — Oil of juniper is a diuretic, carminative, and stimulant. It is excreted by the kidneys, and imparts a violet odor to the urine. MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 63 Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). See also Juniper. Oleum X,avandtllae (Oil of Lavender). — Action and Uses. — Oil of lavender has carminative and stimulant properties, but is chiefly used in perfume. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Oleum Wni (Linseed Oil ; Oil of Flaxseed). — Action and Uses. — Linseed oil is used as a laxative, though generally it is added to a purgative enema. Externally it is applied to burns either alone or with lime-water. The objection to linseed oil as an application to burns is its disagreeable odor, but this can be overcome by adding a simple perfume. Dose, as a laxative, 1 to 2 ounces (30.0-60.0 c.c). Carron oil consists of equal parts of linseed oil and lime-water. Oleum Menthse Piperita (Oil of Peppermint). — Action and Uses. — Oil of peppermint is a carminative and an aromatic stimulant. It is used in nausea and flatulence as a sedative to the stomach and bowels. It is also used as an external remedy in neuralgia. A cloth wet with the oil is laid over the part and covered with oil-silk and a bandage to prevent evaporation, care being taken that the skin is not blistered. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Oleum Morrhuse (Cod-liver Oil). — Action and Uses. — Cod-liver oil is used internally and externally as a nutrient and alterative in wasting diseases. It is applied externally by friction, and readily passes through the skin and is absorbed. Dose, 1 to 4 drams (3.9-15.0 c.c), about one hour after meals, either alone or mixed with some agreeable vehicle to conceal its taste and to prevent nausea. Many patients, particularly children, object to its use on account 164 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. of its disagreeable taste and odor. It may be taken in milk, the oil being dropped in the center of the tumbler and the milk rapidly drunk without the oil touching the sides of the glass. In the same way it may be admin- istered in the froth of porter. The best cover to disguise the taste is the oil of bitter almond. Oleum Myristicse (Oil of Nutmeg).— A volatile oil distilled from nutmeg. It is an aromatic stimulant and carminative. In large doses it is a narcotic, producing delirium, stupor, coma, and death. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Oleum Olivse (Olive Oil). — Action and Uses. — Olive oil is used as a laxative enema in fecal obstruction. It is also an antidote in corrosive poisoning, protecting the mucous membrane of the stomach and preventing ab- sorption. Externally it is applied to burns and certain skin-diseases, acting as a protective and excluding the air. It is sometimes applied to the body in the desqua- mative stas^e of scarlet fever to soothe the skin and to prevent the scales from being disseminated and carrying with them the contagion. When rubbed into the skin it is absorbed by the lymphatics and has a nutritive effect. Dose, as an enema, 4 to 6 ounces (1 20.0-1 80.0 c.c). Oleum Piiosplioratum (Phosphorated Oil). — This preparation contains phosphorus, expressed oil of almond, and ether, in the strength of 1 part of phos- phorus in 100. Each minim of the oil equals about yJ-q- grain of phosphorus. Dose, 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c), in capsule or emulsion. Oleum Picis I/iquidae (Oil of Tar). — A volatile oil distilled from tar. It is used internally and in inhala- MATERIA MEDIC A. 1 65 tions as an expectorant in bronchitis. Externally it is used as an antiseptic and stimulating application in cer- tain skin-diseases. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Oleum Pimentee (Oil of Pimenta ; Oil of Allspice). — A volatile oil distilled from pimenta. A carminative. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Oleum Ricini (Castor Oil). — A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Ricinus Communis. Action and Uses. — In small doses castor oil is a mild laxative; in large doses it is a simple purgative, producing semiliquid stools within about five hours of its administration, whether by mouth, rectum, or as inunction. Catharsis is produced by stimulation of the muscular coat and glands of the bowel. The oil is absorbed and excreted by nearly all the secretions, including the milk, to which it imparts, when given to nursing women, a laxative quality. Dose, 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). It may be given in flexible capsules, or with equal parts of glycerin or lemon-juice and flavored with some aromatic oil. A poultice of the leaves is sometimes applied to the breasts to stimulate the secretion of milk. Oleum Rosmarini (Oil of Rosemary). — A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Rosmarinus Officmalis. Used as a carminative. It also enters into certain rube- facient liniments. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Oleum Sabinae (Oil of Savin). — A volatile oil dis- tilled from savin. Savin oil is an emmenagogue. In overdoses it causes severe gastro-intestinal inflammation, and, in pregnant women, abortion. Death results from collapse. 1 66 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Dose, 5 to io minims (0.3-0.6 c.c), in capsules or in emulsion. Oleum Santali (Sandal Wood Oil).— A stimulating expectorant and alterative diuretic. Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c), in capsules or emulsion. Oleum Sinapis Volatile (Volatile Oil of Mustard). — Oil of mustard is obtained from black mustard, and is used externally as a rubefacient. Oleum Terebinthinse (Oil of Turpentine).— A vola- tile oil distilled from turpentine. Action and Uses. — Internally, the oil of turpentine acts as a carminative, stimulating diuretic, cardiac stimu- lant, stimulating expectorant, intestinal antiseptic, and anthelmintic. Externally, applied to the skin, it is a counterirritant, producing redness and a burning sensation. If allowed to remain too long it produces vesication. Its carmina- tive action is obtained also locally by fomentation or enema. Dose, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c); as an enema i 1 ounce (30.0 c.c). For the turpentine stupe about 30 drops of turpentine are sprinkled over the flannel, or to 1 pint of boiling water there are added 3 teaspoonfuls of turpentine ; this solution is well mixed and the flannel put in, stirring all the time. The flannel is then taken out, wrung, and applied, the turpentine being then more evenly distrib- uted over the flannel. For internal use the rectified oil is usually prescribed. Turpentine is eliminated from the body by the breath, sweat, and urine. It imparts to the urine an odor re- MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 67 sembling that of violets. Moderate doses increase the amount of urine. Symptoms of poisoning 1 are a rapid and feeble pulse, difficult breathing, dilated pupils, scanty albuminous and bloody urine, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscular relaxation, and unconsciousness. Treatment consists in evacuating the stomach, in the administration of demulcents and anodynes, and in the application of external heat. Oleum Theobromatis (Oil of Theobroma ; Cacao Butter). — Used as a base for suppositories. It does not become rancid on exposure to air. Opium. — The concrete milky exudation obtained from the unripe capsules of the white poppy. Action and Uses. — Opium is a diaphoretic, anodyne, hypnotic, hemostatic, sedative, and astringent. When applied to the unbroken skin it is considered by some authorities to have an anesthetic and anodyne action. In the stomach it lessens the gastric secretions and re- tards digestive activity, and may excite a feeling of nausea. The temperature is raised by small and de- pressed by large doses of opium. On the heart, opium acts as a stimulant, the pulse under its influence becoming moderately full, slow, and regular. Upon the respiratory centers it acts as a de- pressant. Its action in moderate doses on the intestines is that of an astringent and sedative, and it causes con- stipation from decreased secretion and peristalsis. Very large doses increase the peristaltic action and act as a purgative. Given by the rectum, in suppository or enema, it re- lieves local pain and allays irritability. The chief action of opium is on the brain, which it first stimulates and 1 68 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. then depresses, producing sleep. All the secretions, with the exception of sweat, are lessened by opium. Elimination takes place through the secretions, espe- cially those of the stomach and kidneys. The after-effects of opium are headache, nausea, con- stipation, sometimes retention of urine, digestive disturb- ances, languor, loss of appetite, itching, and cutaneous rash. Some patients do not sleep, but experience a feeling of calm and happy repose, while others again are made very restless. First Stage. — After a large dose the heart's action is increased, the pupils are slightly contracted, and the surface of the skin is warm and flushed. There is a sense of comfort and exhilaration similar to that of mild intoxication, and this in turn is followed by deep sleep. Second Stage. — When an overdose has been taken, the symptoms are deep sleep, a very slow pulse, slow respira- tions, minutely contracted pupils, dry skin, and muscular relaxation. During this stage the patient can generally be roused by shaking or pinching him, by flicking him with a wet towel, or by shouting in his ear. Death, as a rule, does not occur in this stage of opium-poisoning. In the third stage, which rapidly follows, the sleep passes into profound coma; the pupils are minutely contracted, but dilate just before death; the skin is cold and covered with perspiration ; the face is livid and cya- nosed ; the respirations are very slow, irregular, and shal- low, sometimes falling to four or five a minute ; the pulse is slow and feeble, but as the end approaches it becomes more rapid. Death occurs from failure of the respira- tions, the latter ceasing before the heart-beats. Treatment of Poisoning". — Empty the stomach by means of emetics or the stomach-pump, and give hot MATERIA MEDICA. 1 69 black coffee by the mouth or the rectum. The patient must be roused from stupor and kept awake by being flicked with a wet towel or by being walked about the room between two attendants. Mustard plasters should be applied to different parts of the body, and the patient kept warm throughout the treatment. Respiratory stimulants must be given, and, if necessary, artificial respiration practised. The chemical antidotes are tan- nic acid and potassium permanganate. The physiolog- ical antidotes are strychnin, atropin, and caffein. Cathet- erization should be practised to prevent re-absorption of the poison. The minimum fatal dose known is 1 minim of the tincture of opium in a child, and \ grain of morphin in an adult. The largest known quantity taken in twenty- four hours is 48 grains. Differential Diagnosis. — As opium-poisoning is often mistaken for intoxication or for apoplexy when the patient is found in the street, it will be well for the nurse to remember that in apoplexy there is unconsciousness, stertorous breathing, and paralysis, the movements of the patient being confined to the sound side of the body ; the pupils of the eyes may be found contracted or dilated or uneven. This contraction denotes irritation, and the dilatation denotes compression of the brain. In opium- poisoning the odor of opium on the breath may be dis- guised by that of alcohol given to the patient by some bystander, but the pupils are very narrowly contracted — the size of a pin's head ; there is unconsciousness, but no paralysis. In intoxication the pupils are moderately di- lated, dilating still more as the patient comes to his senses. The pulse is full and soft, and the body is warm. The smell of alcohol on the breath is of no assistance in 170 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. determining the condition of the patient, as spirituous liquor may have been given by the first person who found the unconscious patient. Children and old people are very susceptible to the narcotic action of opium. Women are more easily af- fected than men, and more apt to have nausea and head- ache after taking it. Sometimes the nausea is only felt on rising, and not at all while the patient is lying down. Atropin (gr. T \-^) is sometimes given with opium to pre- vent vomiting and depression. When giving opium or morphin the nurse must not repeat the dose unless there is a distinct indication for it, as a habit of taking the drug is easily acquired. Preparations of Opium. Powdered Opium (Pulvis Opii). — Dose, \ to 2 grains (0.03-0.13 gm.). Extract of Opium (Extractum Opii). — Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.016-0.065 gm.). Dover's Powder (Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii) con- tains ipecac 1 grain, opium 1 grain, and sugar of milk 8 grains. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Liquid Extract of Opium (Extractum Opii Liquidum). — Dose, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). Wine of Opium (Vinum Opii).— Dose, 10 to 20 min- ims (0.6-1.2 c.c). Laudanum (Tinctura Opii). — Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). Ten minims equal to 20 drops. Eleven minims or 22 drops are equal to opium I grain, or mor- phin \ grain. Deodorized Tincture of Opium (Tinctura Opii Deod- orata). — Dose, 10 to 20 minims (0.6-1.2 c.c). Is less nauseating than laudanum. Ten minims equal to 20 MATERIA ME DIC A. 171 drops. Eleven minims or 22 drops are equal to opium 1 grain, or morphin \ grain. Paregoric (Camphorated Tincture ; Tinctura Opii Camphorata). — Dose, for an adult, J to 4 drams (1.8- 15.0 c.c.) ; for an infant, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.) ; for chil- dren, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c); J ounce contains about 1 grain of powdered opium. Tincture of Ipecac and Opium (Tinctura Ipecacuan- has et Opii). — Dose, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). Squibb's Diarrhea Mixture (Tinctura Opii Compos- ita) contains opium, spirits of camphor, tincture of cap- sicum, and alcohol. Dose, for adults, 1 dram (3.7 c.c); for children, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c); for infants, I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Troches of Opium. (Trochisci Opii). — Dose, 1 to 4; each troche contains opium -^ grain. Opium Plaster (Emplastrum Opii). Opium Liniment (Linimentum Opii) contains equal parts of tincture of opium and soap liniment. Opium Enema (Enema Opii) contains f dram of tinct- ure of opium and 2 ounces of boiled starch. The alkaloids of opium are morphin, codein, narcein, narcotin, thebain, and papaverin. Of these, the first two are the most important. Morphin (Morphina). — Morphin is the chief al- kaloid, and has an action similar to that of opium. It is much used for the relief of pain, because it acts more quickly than opium and is less constipating. Sulphate of atropin (grain y^) is often given with morphin, to avoid nausea and depression. Compared with opium, morphin is less stimulating to the heart and brain, is less narcotic, but its effects last longer ; it lowers the temperature, causes more iy2 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. itching, is less nauseating, and contracts the bladder more than opium. Preparations. — Morphin Acetate (Morphinae Ace- tas). — Dose, \ to J grain (0.008-0.032 gm.). Morphin Sulphate (Morphinae Sulphas). — Dose, ± to I grain (0.008-0.032 gm.). Solution of Sulphate of Morphin (Liquor Mor- phinae Sulphatis). — Dose, 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 cc). It contains 1 grain of morphin to 1 ounce of water. Magendifs Solution of Morphin contains 1 6 grains of sulphate of morphin to 1 fluid ounce of distilled water. This is unofficial, and must not be mis- taken for the Liq?wr Morphi7ice Sulphatis, which contains only 1 grain of sulphate of morphin to 1 fluid ounce of water. Magendie's solution should be prepared in very small quantities, as it loses strength on keeping, owing to the development of a fungoid growth. The solution should be kept in a well-stoppered bottle and in a dark place. Solution of Bimeconate of Morphin (Liquor Mor- phinae Bimeconatis). — Dose, 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 cc). Tulfy's Powder (Compound Powder of Morphin ; Pulvis Morphinae Compositus). — Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). It is used as a substitute for Dover's powder, and contains camphor, licorice, calcium car- bonate, and morphin sulphate, 10 grains containing \ grain of morphin sulphate. Troches of Morphin and Ipecac (Trochisci Mor- phinae et Ipecacuanhae). — Each contains about ^ grain of morphin. Dose, 1 to 3 ; expectorant and anodyne. Co&ein. — Codein resembles morphin somewhat MATERIA MEDICA. 1 73 in its action, but it is less powerful. It has an ano- dyne and slightly hypnotic effect. It is not consti- pating, and there is little danger of forming a habit. Dose, J to 2 grains (0.032-0.13 gm.). Thebain (Paramorphin). — Thebain has no nar- cotic action, but resembles strychnin in its action. Orexin. — A derivative of chinolin, with a bitter, pun- gent taste. Action and Uses. — Orexin is a stomachic tonic, pro- moting the appetite and digestion. It is used with much success in the vomiting of pregnancy. Dose, 3 grains (0.2 gm.) before meals, in capsules or wafers. Orthin. — A derivative of phenylhydrazin. Used as an antipyretic. Dose, 5 to 8 grains (0.30-0.50 gm.). Ouabain. — The glucosidal principle of the Onabdio plant. It is said to be obtained also from the seeds of Strophanthus Glabrus. Action and Uses. — The action of ouabain is similar to that of strophanthin. It is used as a cardiac tonic, antispasmodic, and diuretic. It is to some extent a local anesthetic to the cornea and conjunctiva. Dose, for an adult, z fa to -^-q grain (0.00012-0.00025 gm.) ; for a child, xinnF g ra ^ n (0.00004 g m 0- Oxalic Acid. See Acids. Oxid of £inc. See Zinc. Pancreatiti. — A ferment prepared from the pancreas of the pig. It digests fibrin in alkaline solution, converts starch into sugar, dissolves the casein of sugar, and emulsifies fats. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). 174 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Papayotinum (Papayotin ; Papain). — A digestive fer- ment obtained from Carica Papaya. It digests fibrin and albumen in liquids which may be acid, alkaline, or neutral. It acts more rapidly than pepsin and at a higher temperature. It is also used locally in a 5-per- cent, solution to dissolve the fibrinous membrane in diphtheria and croup. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). Paraldehyd. — This compound appears as a clear colorless liquid, with a disagreeable ethereal odor and burning taste. It is an excellent hypnotic ; its disad- vantages, however, are its odor and taste, and its ten- dency to disorder the stomach. Dose, J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c.c.) in capsule or aromatic elixir. Pareira (Pareira Brava). — The root of the Chondo- dendron Tomentosum, a South American plant. It is used as a stimulant diuretic in inflammations of the gen- ito-urinary tract. Dose, Fluid Extract of Pareira (Extractum Pareirae Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Pelletierinse Tannas (Pelletierin Tannate). — The tannate of an alkaloid obtained from the bark of pome- granate trees. Action and Uses. — Pelletierin is a vermifuge, and is very efficient in destroying the tape-worm. Dose, 5 to 8 grains (0.32-0.52 gm.). PepO (Pumpkin Seed). — Action and Uses. — Pepo is an efficient vermifuge against the tape-worm, and is not followed by unpleasant symptoms. It is usually given on an empty stomach and followed by a cathartic. Dose, 2 ounces in emulsion (62.0 gm.). Pepsin (Pepsinum). — A ferment obtained from the MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 75 glandular layer of the fresh stomach of the pig. It is the digestive ferment of the gastric juice, and used with hydrochloric acid it carries out the digestive action of the stomach. It should be capable of digesting 3000 times its own weight of albumen. Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.65-3.9 gm.), after meals. Saccharated Pepsin (Pepsinum Saccharatum). — Pep- sin mixed with powdered sugar of milk. Dose, 20 to 30 grains (1.3-1.9 gm.). Petrolatum X,iquidum (Liquid Petroleum). — Used locally in the form of a spray as a soothing application in the treatment of inflammation of the nose, throat, and larynx. Petrolatum Molle (Soft Petroleum ; Vaselin ; Cos- molin). — A mixture of hydrocarbons prepared from pe- troleum. Action and Uses. — Petrolatum is used externally as a protective dressing in skin-diseases, and as a basis for ointments. Internally it is used to allay irritation of the mucous membranes. It does not become rancid. Petrolatum Spissum (Hard Petroleum Ointment). — Used locally and as a basis for ointments. Phenacetin. — A derivative of coal-tar. Action and Uses. — Phenacetin is an antipyretic, anal- gesic, and nervous sedative. As an antipyretic it is not so rapid in its action as antifebrin, but is more prolonged. Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.65-1.0 gm.). Phenacetin should not be taken without the advice of a physician, because large doses have a depressing action on the heart, and, although some persons can take 1 5 to 20 grains without experiencing any ill effects, death has resulted from much smaller doses. Overdoses cause vomiting, hurried respiration, som- 176 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. nolence, cyanosis, muscular relaxation, and ultimate paralysis of respiration and heart. Phenalgin. — An ammoniated synthetic coal-tar prod- uct. A fine white powder with a pungent odor and slight taste. Action and Uses. — Phenalgin is an anodyne, hypnotic, and antipyretic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.), given in powder, tablet, or capsule. Phenasone (Phenazonum). See Antipyrin. Phenidin. — Action and Uses. — Phenidin is allied to phenacetin, and is said to be a valuable analgesic. Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.65-1.0 gm.). Phenocoll Hydrochlorate. — A compound closely allied to phenacetin. Action and Uses. — Phenocoll is said to be an anti- pyretic and antiseptic. It is also applied locally in wounds and cutaneous eruptions. Dose, 10 to 15 grains (0.65-1.0 gm.) in powdered form, in capsules, or in aqueous solutions. For local use it is employed in solutions of the strength of from 5 to 10 per cent., or in ointment in the strength of 20 per cent. Phenol (Carbolic Acid). See Carbolic Acid. Phenyl Salicylate. See Salol. Phenyl Urethane. See Urethane. Phosphorus. — Phosphorus is a non-metallic element derived from bones. It has a characteristic garlicky odor and taste. Action and Uses. — Phosphorus is used as a tonic, alterative, nerve-stimulant, and producer of bone. It is frequently employed in functional diseases of the nervous MATERIA MEDICA. 1 77 system and in rickets. In large doses it acts as a cor- rosive poison. Dose, y^j- to ■£$ grain (0.0006-0.0013 gm.). Symptoms of Poisoning*. — The symptoms, which may not appear for several hours after the ingestion of the drug, are a garlicky odor to breath, the taste of phosphorus in the mouth, burning pain in the esoph- agus, stomach, and abdomen, violent vomiting and purg- ing. The discharges, if seen in the dark, are luminous. At the end of twenty-four or thirty-six hours the symp- toms abate ; but they soon reappear, and are followed by vomiting of altered blood (" coffee grounds "), white, clay-like stools, jaundice, delirium, convulsions, coma, and death. Treatment. — The best emetic is sulphate of copper. The antidotes are peroxid of hydrogen and potassium permanganate. These drugs should be followed by demulcents. As phosphorus is soluble in oil, all oily substances must be withheld. Preparations of Phosphorus. — Elixir of Phosphorus (Elixir Phosphori). — Dose, J to I dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Phosphorated Oil (Oleum Phosphoratum). — Dose, 1 to 2 minims (0.06-0.12 c.c). One minim equals y-j-g- grain of phosphorus. Phosphid of Zinc (Zinci Phosphidum). — Dose, -^ to -^ grain (0.0026-0.0054 gm.). Calcium Phosphate. — This salt exists normally in all the tissues of the body, consequently it is an important nutrient. It is to this salt that bone owes its hardness. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.65 gm.). Precipitated Calcium Phosphate (Calcii Phosphas Prae- cipitatus). — Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.65 gm.). 12 178 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Pills of Phosphorus (Pilulae Phosphori). — Dose, 1. Each pill contains -j-J-g- grain of phosphorus. Preparations of Phosphites. — Calcii Hypophosphis, Ferri Hypophosphis, Potassii Hypophosphis, Sodii Hypo- phospJiis. Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.). Physostigma (Calabar Bean). — Action and Uses. — Calabar bean contains two alkaloids, calabarin and phy- sostigmin or eserin. The latter is the more important. Physostigma is used to depress the spinal cord, to con- tract the pupil, and to stimulate peristalsis. It is a valu- able remedy in the treatment of the convulsions of tet- anus and strychnin-poisoning. It is much used in oph- thalmological practice as a myotic. Symptoms of Poisoning. — Giddiness, contracted pupils, tremors, muscular relaxation, and asphyxia. Treatment. — This consists in the use of tannin, the chemical antidote, of atropin, the physiological antidote, and of external heat. Dose. — Extract of Physostigma (Extractum Physos- tigmatis); -^ to \ grain (0.004-0.008 gm.). Tincture of Physostigma (Tinctura Physostigmatis), 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c). Physostigmin Salicylate (Eserin Salicylate; Physos- tigiminse Salicylas). — An alkaloid of physostigma. Dose, rio to to" S rain (0.00043-0.0064 gm.). Physostigmince Sulphas (Eserin Sulphate). — Dose, yj-g- to j^q grain (0.00043-0.0064 gm.). Both these salts are used locally by ophthalmologists, in the solution of from 1 to 4 grains to 1 ounce of water. (See Eserin) They are used in the treatment of affections of the eye, and also to counteract the effects of atropin on the pupil. Lamellce Physostigmince (Disks of Physostigmin). — MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 79 Gelatin disks with glycerin to prevent them becoming- hard and dry. Each contains j-fa$ g ranl of physostig- min and weighs about fa grain. They are inserted under the lower eyelid, and are a convenient form in which to use the drug for ophthalmic purposes. Phytolacca Fruit (Phytolacca Fructus); Phyto- lacca Bacca (Poke-berry) ; Phytolacca Root (Phy- tolacca^ Radix ; Poke Root). — Action and Uses. — Phy- tolacca is an alterative, purgative, and mild narcotic. Dose. — Phytolacca Fruit, 1 to 30 grains in infusion (0.065-0.32 gm.). Fluid Extract of Phytolacca Root (Extractum Phyto- lacca^ Radicis Fluidum), 1 to 30 minims (0.06-1.8 c.c). Large doses cause vomiting, purging, vertigo, great depression, and sometimes convulsions. Picrotoxin (Picrotoxinum). — Action and Uses. — Picrotoxin is used as an antispasmodic and in control- ling the night-sweats of phthisis. Locally it is some- times used in parasitic skin-diseases. Dose, -fa to fa grain (0.001-0.0016 gm.). Locally, it is used in the form of an ointment in the strength of 10 grains to the ounce. It must be carefully applied, as it is readily absorbed. Picrotoxin is very poisonous in large doses, producing muscular twitching, slowing of the pulse and respiration, stupor, delirium, epileptiform convulsions, coma, and death by paralysis of the heart. Pills. — Pills of Aloes (Pilulae Aloes). — A laxative and purgative. Dose, 1 to 3. Pills of Aloes and Asafetida (Pilulae Aloes et Asa- foetidae). — Laxative, stimulant, and carminative. Dose, 1 to 3. l8o PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Pills of Aloes and Iron (Pilulae Aloes et Ferri). — Laxative and tonic. Dose, i to 3. Pills of Aloes and Mastich (Pilulae Aloes et Mas- tiches ; Lady Webster Dinner Pills). — Laxative. They may be given before meals or at bed-time. Dose, 1 to 3. Pills of Aloes and Myrrh (Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae). — Cathartic and emmenagogue. Dose, 1 to 3. These pills are often called " Rufus Pills." Compound Pills of Antimony (Pilulae Antimonii Compositae ; Plummer's Pills). — Alterative. Dose, 1 to 2. Compound Pills of Asafetida (Pilulae Asafcetidae Compositae). — Antispasmodic and emmenagogue. Dose, 1 to 3. Compound Cathartic Pills (Pilulae Catharticae Com- positae). — Dose, 1 to 3. Pills of Carbonate of Iron (Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis). — Emmenagogue and tonic. Dose, 1 to 3. Pills of Opium (Pilulae Opii). — Dose, 1. Each pill contains 1 grain of powdered opium. Pills of Morphin (Pilulae Morphinae). — Dose, 1. Each pill contains \ to \ grain of morphin. Pills of Phosphorus (Pilulae Phosphori). — Dose, 1 or 2. Each pill contains about y^- grain of phosphorus. Compound Pill of Soap (Pilula Saponis Composita). — A convenient method for administering opium without the patient's knowledge. Dose, 1. Each pill contains 1 grain of opium. Pilocarpus (Jaborandi). — Action and Uses. — Jabo- randi is a powerful diaphoretic and sialagogue. It lowers the temperature through its depressant effect upon the nerve-centers and the circulatory system. In small doses if the patient be kept cool, it is a diuretic. MATERIA MEDIC A. l8l The perspiration and salivation begin about ten minutes after a dose of from 60 to 90 grains of the infusion has been taken. The perspiration begins on the face and rapidly spreads over the whole body. The secretion is very profuse, the perspiration sometimes amounting to from 10 to 15 ounces, and the saliva from 10 to 30 ounces. These symptoms last from three to five hours, leaving the patient in a more or less exhausted condition. During or after the sweating there may be nausea and vomiting. The temperature falls from 1 to 10 degrees, the respirations are lowered, and the pulse, which is at first increased, later becomes slow and weak. The se- cretions of the eyes and nose are also increased. A patient taking jaborandi for its diaphoretic action should be placed between blankets and carefully watched until the effects have passed away. The depression should be met with external heat, and stimulants, if necessary. Dose, J to 1 dram, in infusion (1.9-3.9 gm.). Fluid Exti'act of Pilocarpus (Extractum Pilocarpi Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c 0- This preparation is more prompt in action and more pleasant to take than the infusion. Pilocarpin Hydrochlorate (Pilocarpinae Hydrochloras). — The hydrochlorate of an alkaloid obtained from pilo- carpus. Pilocarpin is more prompt in its action than jaborandi, and is less apt to cause nausea and vomiting. It is also used by oculists as a myotic, instead of eserin. Dose, •§■ to J- grain hypodermically (0.008-0.032 gm.) ; J to \ grain by mouth (0.016-0.032 gm.). Nitrate of Pilocarpi?i (Pilocarpinae Nitras) is used for the same purposes as the hydrochlorate and in the same doses. 1 82 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Pipera^in. — This compound is obtained by the action of ammonia on bromid of ethylene. It is used as a diu- retic and as a solvent for uric acid. It should be admin- istered in large draughts of water. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.65 gm.). Piscidia Brythrina (Jamaica Dogwood). — Action and Uses. — Piscidia is used as a mild anodyne and hyp- notic. Its properties are said to resemble those of opium. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Piscidia Erythrina (Extractum Piscidiae Erythrinae Fluidum), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Pix I/iqtiida (Tar). — Action and Uses. — Tar is used internally and externally as a stimulant to the skin and mucous membranes. It is also antiseptic and deodorant, and resembles the turpentines in its effects on the mucous membranes, but is less irritating and more antiseptic. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.032-0.65 gm.). Preparations. — Oil of Tar (Oleum Picis Liquidae), I to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). It is also used externally. Syrup of Tar (Syrupus Picis Liquidae), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Wine of Tar (Vinum Picis), I to 4 ounces (30-120 c.c). Tar Ointment (Unguentum Picis Liquidae) is used ex- ternally in certain skin-diseases. Tar Water. — This preparation is made by shaking 1 part of tar with 4 parts of water frequently during twenty- four hours, decanting, and filtering. Dose, \ to I pint a day. Plumbum. See Lead. Podophyllum (May-Apple). — Action and Uses. — Podophyllum is a cholagogue and laxative. In large doses it is a purgative. In overdoses it is an irritant poison. Materia medic a. 183 Dose, 2 to 20 grains (0.1 3-1.3 gm.). Extract of Podophyllum (Extractum Podophylli), \ to 5 grains (0.032-0.32 gm.). Fluid Extract of Podophyllum (Extractum Podophylli Fluidum), 2 to 20 minims (0.1 2-1.2 c.c). Podophyllin. — A resin of podophyllum. Used as a laxative and purgative. Dose, -^ to ^ grain (0.003- 0.006 gm.) as a laxative ; ^ to \ grain (0.006-0.032 gm.) as a purgative. Pomegranate. See Granatum. Poppy Capsules (Papaveris Capsulse). — The nearly ripe dried capsules of the white poppy. Action and Uses. — Poppy heads are said to act in a similar manner to opium, but are much weaker. The decoction is much used externally in the form of fomen- tation to allay pain. Dose, Extract (Extractum Papaveris), 2 to 5 grains (0.13-0.32 gm.). Syrup (Syrupus Papaveris), 1 to 4 drams (3.7-15.0 c.c). The decoction for external use is made by boiling for ten minutes 2 ounces of the capsules in 1 \ pints of water, straining, and making up to 1 pint (by boiling the liquid evaporates so that it is necessary to add more water to make up the pint). Potassium. — Potassium is represented by a number of official salts ; the metal itself is not used medicinally. Preparations of Potassium. Nitrate of Potassium (Potassii Nitras ; Saltpetre). — An antiseptic, diuretic, diaphoretic. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1.0 gm.). Nitrate of Potassium Paper (Charta Potassii Nitra- 184 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. tis). — Unsized paper soaked in a solution of nitrate of potassium and dried. The fumes from the burning paper are inhaled in asthma. Potassa (Caustic Potash; Lye). — This preparation appears as grayish-white pencils or fused masses, and is used externally as a powerful and quickly-acting caus- tic. When applying the caustic the surrounding parts should be first protected by a piece of adhesive plaster, with an opening in its center a little smaller than the size of the part to be cauterized. The caustic, slightly wetted, is then rubbed on the part until it assumes a grayish color; the plaster is then removed, and the caustic washed off with equal parts of vinegar and water. The application is very painful. Symptoms of Poisoning. — Severe burning pain in the throat, stomach, and abdomen, violent vomiting and purging of bloody material, and collapse. The treatment consists in the use of mild vegetable acids, such as vinegar or lemon-juice, to neutralize the poison. Vomiting should then be encouraged, and fol- lowed with olive oil, milk, and other demulcent drinks, to soothe the mucous membrane. External heat and stimulants may be indicated. Potassium Acetate (Potassii Acetas). — A diuretic, antacid, and, in large doses, a cathartic. Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.65-3.9 gm.). Potassium Bicarbonate (Potassii Bicarbonas ; Saler- atus). — Its action is similar to that of the carbonate, but is milder and more acceptable to the stomach. Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.65-3.9 gm.). Potassium Bitartrate (Potassii Bitartras ; Cream of Tartar). — A diuretic and cathartic. A pleasant refrig- erant drink is made by dissolving 1 dram in a pint of MATERIA ME DIC A. 1 85 boiling water, and adding half of a fresh lemon-peel and some sugar. Cream of tartar whey is made by adding 1 dram of the salt to \ pint of milk. Dose, 10 to 60 grains (0.65- 3-9 g m -)- Potassium Bromid. See Bromids. Potassium Carbonate (Potassii Carbonas). — Used as an antacid, diuretic, and antilithic. In large doses it is a corrosive poison. Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Potassium Chlorate (Potassii Chloras). — Used locally in solution as an alterative and stimulant to mucous membranes and ulcerated surfaces. Dose, 2 to 10 grains (0.13-0.65 gm.). As a wash, from 2 to 4 drams to 1 pint of water. The action of the heart and kidneys should be carefully watched. In overdoses, chlorate of potassium is an irritant poi- son, producing violent vomiting and diarrhea, failure of the heart's action, and cyanosis. Death may occur with convulsions or coma. Chlorate of potassium should not be used without the advice of a physician on account of its irritant and poisonous properties. Potassium Citrate (Potassii Citras). — Used as a refrigerant, diaphoretic, and diuretic, to lessen the alka- linity of the urine. Dose, 10 to 31 grains (0.65-2.0 gm.). Potassium Cyanid (Potassii Cyanidum). — Cyanid of potassium has the same action as hydrocyanic acid, and may be substituted for it. The symptoms and treatment of poisoning are the same as in hydrocyanic acid. Dose, ■h to TO" g rain (0.0032-0.0065 gm.). Potassium Iodid. See Iodids. Potassium Permanganate. See Manganese. Potassium and Sodium Tartrate (Potassii et Sodii Tartras; Rochelle Salt). — A mild saline purgative. It 1 86 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. is also an ingredient of Seidlitz powders. Dose, i to 4 drams. It may be given in very hot water with a few drops of tincture of ginger, or in Seltzer water. It should be given on an empty stomach. Potassium Tellurate. — A new salt of potassium, used to lessen the night-sweats of phthisis. Dose, \ to 1 grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). Solution of Potassa (Liquor Potassae). — Used as an antacid, diuretic, and antilithic. Externally it is used as a stimulant lotion. Dose, 5 to 30 minims (0.3-1.8 gm.), well diluted. Solution of Potassium Arsenite (Fowler's Solution). See Arsenic. Solution of Potassium Citrate (Liquor Potassii Ci- tratis). — Used as a refrigerant, diaphoretic, and antacid. Dose, 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). Troches of Potassium Chlorate (Trochisci Potassii Chloratis). — Dose, 1. Each troche contains 5 grains of potassium chlorate. Pninum (Prune). — Action and Uses. — Prunes are nutritious, demulcent, and laxative. When taken in ex- cess they are apt to cause griping, distress in the stom- ach, and flatulence, owing to the indigestibility of their skins. Primus Virginiana (Wild Cherry). — Action and Uses. — Prunus Virginiana is a stomachic, tonic, and sedative. It is also a vehicle for cough-mixtures. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Prunus Virginiana (Extrac- tum Pruni Virginians Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c.c). Infusion of Prunus Virginiana (Infusum Pruni Vir- ginianae), 4 to 8 drams (15.0-30.0 c.c). MATERIA MEDICA. 1 87 Syrup of Prunus Virginia?ia (Syrupus Pruni Virgini- anae), J to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Pulsatilla. — The herb, collected soon after flower- ing, of A?iemo?ie Pulsatilla and Anemo?ie Pratensis. Action and Uses. — Pulsatilla is said to be an altera- tive and emmenagogue. Locally it is an irritant. It is chiefly used by homeopathic physicians. It contains an active principle, anemonin. Dose. — Extract of Pulsatilla (Extractum Pulsatillas), J to I grain (0.032-0.065 gm.). Fluid Extract of Pulsatilla (Extractum Pulsatillas Flu- idum), 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Anemonin, the alkaloid principle of Anemone Pulsatilla, is used as an anodyne. Dose, ^ to J grain (0.0054- 0.032 gm.). Pyoktanin (Methyl Blue, or Methyl Violet).— Ac- tion and Uses. — Pyoktanin is said to be an analgesic, but it is more frequently used externally as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It occurs in two colors, blue and yel- low, the latter being used only in ophthalmic practice. Both substances are light and odorless ; the only disad- vantage attending their employment is the fact that they stain everything with which they come in contact. The stains may, however, be readily removed by alcohol. Dose, I to 5 grains (0.065-0.3 gm.). Hypodermic- ally, f minim of a 2-per-cent solution. Large doses may cause nausea, headache, diarrhea, and violent gastro- intestinal irritation. For local use it may be employed in the powdered form, as a 1:10 and 2-per-cent. dusting-powder, or 2-per- cent, ointment, or in solutions in the strength of from 1 : 100 to 1 : 3000. Pencils of pyoktanin are also used locally. 1 88 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Pyrethmm (Pellitory).— Action and Uses.— Pelli- tory is used internally as a sialagogue, and locally as a stimulant to mucous membranes. Dose, 30 to 60 grains (1.9-3.9 gm.). Ti7icture of Pyrethrum (Tinctura Pyrethri) is used locally. Pyridili. — Action and Uses. — Pyridin is a base found in tobacco-smoke and coal-tar naphtha. It is a colorless liquid with a powerful and persistent odor. It has been used as an antiseptic and germicide. The inhalation of its fumes has been found of value in asthma, about a dram of the drug being exposed upon a plate, in a small closed room, in which the patient remains for half an hour. In toxic doses pyridin produces cyanosis, muscular relaxation, and asphyxia. Pyrogallol (Pyrogallic Acid). — Action and Uses. — Pyrogallol is used externally, in the form of a 5- to 10- per-cent. ointment, in parasitic skin-disease. It stains the skin and clothing. A solution of pyrogallol in flex- ible collodion of the strength of from 10 to 30 grains to the ounce is sometimes used, and does not stain. It is a powerful caustic, and when applied to a raw surface may cause severe pain and irritation. It may also be absorbed from the unbroken skin and cause general poi- soning, the symptoms of which are headache, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, a greenish hue of the skin, dark-brown colored urine, rapid pulse and respiration, restlessness, coma, and death. Quassia. — The wood of Picrcsna Excelsa. — Action and Uses. — Quassia is a bitter tonic, increasing the appetite and stimulating digestion. A cup made of the MATERIA MEDICA. 1 89 wood is sold under the name of quassia, or bitter cup, which, when filled with water and allowed to stand for a time, imparts to the water its active principle. An infu- sion is used in the form of enema for the destruction of thread-worms. Dose. — Extract of Quassia (Extractum Quassiae), 1 to 3 grains (0.065-0.195 gm.). Fluid Extract of Quassia (Extractum Quassiae Flu- idum), 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c). Tincture of Quassia (Tinctura Quassiae), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c.c). Infusion of Quassia (Infusum Quassiae), I to 3 ounces (30.0-90.0 c.c). As an enema, J to 1 pint (236.5-473.0 c.c). The infusion is made by adding 2 drams of the chips to 1 pint of cold water, allowing it to stand half an hour, and then straining. Quassin. — A bitter principle extracted from quassia. It is used as a bitter tonic and stimulant to digestion. Dose, g*0- to \ grain (0.002-0.02 gm.). Quercus Alba (White Oak). — Action and Uses. — Quercus alba is used externally as an astringent. It slightly stains the clothing. It is used in the form of an infusion (1 ounce to the pint). Dose, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-1.9 gm.), in infusion. Quicksilver. See Mercury. Quinidin; Tannate of Quinidin. — An alkaloid from the bark of several species of cinchona. It is almost tasteless. It is used as a tonic and astringent. Dose, 1 to 5 grains (0.065-0.32 gm.). Quinidin Sulphate (Quinidinae Sulphas). — The sul- phate of an alkaloid obtained from cinchona. It has the same action as quinin, but is less powerful. Dose, 5 to 15 grains (0.32-1.0 gm.). I90 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Quinin (Quinia, the chief alkaloid of Cinchona). — Action and Uses. — Quinin is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant, preventing putrefaction and fermentation ; as an antipyretic, antiperiodic, oxytocic, producing or increasing uterine contractions ; and, in small doses, as a general tonic. Locally it is used, in the form of a spray, as a stimulant to mucous membranes. Tonic doses of quinin have no influence on the circula- tion, while large doses slow the heart even to forty beats. Large doses cause ringing in the ears, fulness in the head, deafness, disordered vision, flushed face, eruptions of the skin resembling urticaria, and headache. After toxic doses marked deafness, blindness, dilated pupils, delirium, stupor, dyspnea, coma, and respiratory paral- ysis may result. Dose, 2 to 7 grains (0.13-0.46 gm.), given in pill (old pills are insoluble) or capsule. The solution may be given in wine. One grain of sulphuric acid dissolves I grain of quinin. As an antipyretic — 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.)— it directly decreases heat production, but it has no effect on temperature in health ; also given hypo- dermically in urgent instances, though it is very irritating and may produce suppuration. Locally, 1 to 2 grains (0.065-0.13 gm.) to 1 ounce (30.0 c.c). Absorption and Elimination. — Quinin is rapidly ab- sorbed. It may accumulate, but it is mostly eliminated in eight hours, practically all in twenty-four or forty- eight hours, chiefly by the kidneys as quinin and dihy- droxyl quinin. Elimination is slow in fevers, heart- and kidney-disease, and in the aged. Preparations. — Quinin Bisulphate (Quininse Bisul- phas). — This salt is more soluble than the sulphate. Dose, 1 to 15 grains (0.065-1.0 gm.). MATERIA MEDICA. I9I Quinin Hydrobromate (Quininae Hydrobromas). — Used hypodermically on account of its solubility. Dose, 1 to 15 grains (0.065-1.0 gm.). Quinin Hydrochlorate (Quininae Hydrochloras). — Dose, I to 15 grains (0.065-1.0 gm.). Quinin Salicylate (Quininae Salicylas). — Used as anti- septic and antipyretic. Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.65 gm.). Quinin Valerianate (Quininae Valerianas). — Dose, 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Quinin Chlorhydro -Sulphate (Chlorhydro Sul- phate of Quinin). — A new double salt of quinin, the action of which is similar to that of quinin. Dose, 1 to 15 grains (0.065-1.0 gm.). Quinoidin. — A mixture of amorphous alkaloids of cinchona. It is used as a substitute for quinin and in similar doses. Reduced Iron Tablets. See Iron. Resin (Resina). — Resin is the residue left after dis- tilling off the volatile oil from turpentine. It is used externally in plasters and stimulating ointments. Resin of Copaiba (Resina Copaibae). — An active in- gredient of copaiba. Dose, 10 to 20 grains (0.65-1.3 gm.). Resin of Jalap (Resina Jalapae). — Used as a purga- tive. Dose, 2 to 4 grains (0.13-0.24 gm.). Resin of Podophyllum (Resina Podophylli).— An active cathartic and cholagogue. Dose, -^5- to \ grain (0.003-0.032 gm.). Resin of Seammony (Resina Scammonii). — A drastic cathartic. 192 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Dose, 2 to 8 grains (0.13-0.52 gm.). Resorcin (Resorcinum ; Resorcina ; Meta-dioxyben- zol). — Action and Uses. — Resorcin is given internally as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and antiferment ; also used locally as an antiseptic and disinfectant. Dose, 1 to 10 grains (0.065-0.65 gm.). It is used externally in skin-diseases in solutions of the strength of from 1 to 3 per cent, and in ointments of from 2 to 10 per cent. Resorcin acts chiefly upon the nerve-centers, produc- ing, in large doses, deafness, giddiness, frontal headache, profuse perspiration, salivation, and sometimes convul- sions, with unconsciousness. Rhamnus Purshiana. See Cascara Sagrada. Rheum (Rhubarb). — Action and Uses. — In small doses rhubarb is a tonic, laxative, and stomachic. In large doses it is a purgative. As it contains tannic acid, constipation is apt to follow its cathartic action. Dose, 10 to 30 grains (0.65-1.9 gm.). Extract of Rhubarb (Extractum Rhei), 5 to 10 grains (0.32-0.65 gm.). Fluid Extract of Rhubarb (Extractum Rhei Fluidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). Syrup of Rhubarb (Syrupus Rhei), J to 4 drams (1.8- 15.0 c.c). Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb (Syrupus Rhei Aromat- icus), J to 4 drams (1. 8-1 5.0 c.c). Tincture of Rhubarb (Tinctura Rhei), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb (Tinctura Rhei Aro- matica), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 cc -)- Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb (Tinctura Rhei Dulcis), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). MATERIA MEDICA. 1 93 Pills of Rhubarb (Pilulae Rhei). — Dose, 1 to 3. Each pill contains 3 grains of rhubarb. Compound Rhubarb Powder (Pulvis Rhei Compositus), 31 to 62 grains (2.0-4.0 gm.). Rhus Glabra (Smooth Sumach). — Action and Uses. — Internally sumach is used as a refrigerant and astrin- gent. Locally it is used as a wash and gargle in sore throat. Dose. — Fluid Extract of Rhus Glabra (Extractum Rhois Glabrae Fluidum), 10 to 30 minims (0.6-1.8 c.c). It may be used as a gargle in the strength of J dram to I ounce of water. Infusion of rhus glabra is used as a wash or gargle (1 ounce to the pint). Ricini Oleum. See Castor Oil. Rochelle Salt. See Potassium. Rosa Centifolia (Pale Rose). — The preparations of rose centifolia are used chiefly as vehicles for astringent lotions, gargles, etc., and for flavoring purposes. Rose Water (Aqua Rosae), 1 to 8 drams (3.7-30.0 c.c). Stronger Rose Water (Aqua Rosae Fortior; Triple Rose Water), \ to 4 drams (1.8- 15.0 c.c). Unguentum AqucE Rosce (Cold Cream). Used as an emollient and protective. Oleum Rosce (Oil of Rose ; Otto of Rose). — A per- fume. Rosa Gallica (Red Rose). — Red rose is tonic and slightly astringent. It is usually used as a vehicle for astringent and tonic medicines. Confection of Rose (Confectio Rosae). — Used as a basis for pills. Fluid Extract of Rose (Extractum Rosae Fluidum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- 13 194 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Syrup of Rose (Syrupus Rosae), i dram (3.7 c.c). Honey of Rose (Mel Rosae), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). It is slightly astringent, and is used as an application to the mouth and throat in combination with other agents. Rosmarinus (Rosemary). — Action and Uses. — Rosemary is not now used in substance. The oil is used in perfumes, and externally in rubefacient liniments and lotions. Dose, 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c). Rubus (Blackberry). — Action and Uses. — Black- berry bark is an astringent. It is a favorite home remedy for diarrhea, and is usually employed in a de- coction, made by boiling 1 ounce in 1 \ pints of water down to 1 pint. Dose, \ to 2 drams (1.9-3.9 gm.). Fluid Extract of Blackberry (Extractum Rubi Flu- idum), \ to 1 dram (1.8-3.7 c - c -)- Syrup of Blackberry (Syrupus Rubi), 1 to 2 drams (3.7-7.5 c.c). Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry). — Syrupus Rubi Id u < & 2 O G 3 •-> 3 3 < w 11 i>» co M UTN CO HI l» CO hi t«» CO CO CO HI I>» CO cV° Tf CO no CO O NO CO NO CO ONO CO t^ co co O NO CO OnO co %* On CO CM On CO CM On in On in On in On in CM On nO CM On in CM On m CM On m CM <8* 00 m 00 CM 01 00 CM CM ^^ 00 Tt- 00 rj- 00 "* CM 00 m CM 00 "tf- CM 00 rj- CM 00 Tj- CM rj.ro S* CM t*» hi CM t^ CO l^ CO M t>» CO CNJ t«^CO CM CM t^ CO CM t^ CO CM t-^ CO CM NO CM CM nO co CM NO H, CM CO CM co NO N M NO N VO N NO N CM NO CO CM NO CM CM NO CM CM NO CM CM CM mCM CM in cm co in cm co in hi in -* in hi CNl 10 hi CM m N CM >n hi CM in hi CM in hi CM M co tJ-hi CM Th On CM CM r*- On cm cs ^■00 M CO tJ-O N CO CM CO Tj-H. CM CM CO rf- hi CM CO rJ-O CM CO co O CM co CO O CM CO CO 00 CM CM co 00 co N CO CO On CO O CM co CO O CM CO COO CM CO COO CM CO CO ON CM CM CM On CM M CM On CM M CM *^ CM CM N NO N On CJ 00 • CM CM O *•» CM CM O r- CM CM O *- CM CM NO CM CM On NO •h CM OnnO M CM ONrf 11 CM OntJ- ON CO HI C* ON NO HI M Osm HI N On^O hi CM On NO hi CM ON NO hi CM 2^ On in H. CM •-• cm 00 m M M 00 CO •" CM 00 co Ml N 00 N HI N 00 m H. N ^^ 00 m hi CM 00 tn M CM 00 m hi CM °2c? 00 rh H. CM « CM 1-1 cm r^cM •H CM 1-1 W t>. HI HI M HI M t><. co HI CNl hi CM 1^ rf hi CM !>- Ti- nt CM h, CM t^» CO hi CM nO co M C* nO co M CM NO HI HI M NO M NO HI « NO CO M N NO M HI CNl NO CO hi CM vO CO HI CM no en hi CM NO co Z, CM NO CM hi CM m CM ►" CM in cm M CM in O « CM in O H?« m N hN m HI HI CS S3 m cm hi CM in cm hi CM in cm M CM in hi hi CM *-> CM ?s rh On t*- On "^00 ?s hi CM hT^ hT5 "t HI hi CM 2T5 rt-O hi CM co O 1 CM ?8 CO 00 C^OO coi>» co O HI CNt CO ON ro O h. CM CO O m CM CO O hi CM h?S CO ON CM ON CM On CM t-« N 1^ HI HI CI nO CJ On CM 00 CM On CM On CM ON CI ON ri 00 hi 00 M 00 M O -NO HI H. HI ITN hi 00 HI t^. HI 00 HI 00 « CO m 00 hi r-» - m O t^ £. O in O m HI - O 2" O f^ O NO O J> £• t^ 2^ O NO OnnO On NO On rt- On^" On co HI On NO ONm ON NO On NO ON NO On in 00 wn 00 m 00 co 00 en 00 N HI 00 ^n 00 ■+ OO ^n CO ""■ HI 00 m 00 ^n co ■* r^rh ^ "* r^ n t>. N r>» hi ^« r^. co i>» ■>*■ ^« t» Tf t-. tJ- r-» to vO eo vO co vO ■-• Hi vO O **l NO CM NO CO NO CO HI NO CO HI vC CO HI NO "> m CM vn N in O in in On m N in — in cm in N in n m cm in hi ^ H, ■*- rj- On rt On ^CO •*■ - + "*" M Tf « *■- T ~ Tf O co O CO O CO00 CO 00 co t>» co CO On CO O CO O CO cn CO ON CM On « On CM t*. N t>. N NO N On CM 00 CM On CM ON CM On CM On CM 00 h, 00 HI 00 « vO H.NO hi \r> M 00 A2 hi r-» M 00 <2 h.00 hi CO ->- H,«^ X. U 1 £0 £ 2 £.0 v 3 = O P HH ** IS* H4 H 16 242 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. ~2- 2^8 X V T3 65 J a W Q 2 e t/3 O g .2 o -P T3 I SO Kg a g | § c fa -g c .S3 IS* ^* ~ "£•£ Q rt C * * 3 | a ^o si** T3 tJ .S^-S ~ *• * o ~ rC T3 -U « > O _fi o *^> s\ s ' & o £^ u ^ ^||^2 £ rt O O « O a Hn . . « N O ih vO £> 1 • H>N , Mi o 00 . rt oo vn m O N T7 * 7 T =>ON • "">d u rt 1 o » . si M a o c Antifebrin. White arsenic. Boracic acid. Phenol, Phenic acid, Phenylic alcohol. Lemon-juice. Muriatic acid. Diluted muriatic acid. Prussic acid. Aqua fortis. Nitromuriatic acid. 6 £ rt s 1 o _c rt Acetanilidum. Acidum aceticum dilutum. arsenosum. benzoicum. boricum. carbolicum. -< citricum. gallicum. hydrochloricum. dilutum. hydrocyanicum dilutum, lacticum. nitricum. dilutum. nitrohydrochloricum. phosphoricum dilutum, [ d S ti G a IT 5) c 3 Acetanilid. Acid : acetic, diluted. arsenous. benzoic, boric. carbolic. citric, gallic, hydrochloric. dilute, hydrocyanic dilute, lactic, nitric. dilute, nitrohydrochloric. phosphoric, dilute. DOSE-LIST. 243 000 N N N <0 m m O O .... . . Li. 1 ■ . . . . . HN<-*M t-l , . . \r\ OO O OOOmm *+ . . . . *" N *** . . ** M ""> , , . . fOvO — m u"> ■-< , , ""> . . . . N u-> -W«,,HnWH«, | , , O O »i ""> N O . . -ol 'S > •"r <*-i > o OH T3 • O « O C . E S s s s 11 ssls rt 3 ?> O o £ £ f» 2 3 .2 £ rt c WW c o S S 3" «S rt I- O 3 C/3 < lag r. ill 5 S i^s- o u 2 G O S o •3- I a- '3 '° .52 n-! ^ *H gs ^33 8-sSS ? ts _ ill 8 | .S 2 S ^ „ s O 3 To .S X .S 3 .^ O Si &/x 3 8. o , ^ cd £ „ 3 •8 3 "2 'S ° « rt -S . !> w g i! x a> 7 1 O tn m <<< DOSE- LI ST. 245 covO M CO 00 "-> . . 44, . . . . '..I l O J© « • . m . • w • co thH< 1 III • CO • • !© ■ O H» **G M « N N O « i-iH< O • • ""> COvO "O • vO CO It i i i i 11 »0 E 53 bs B 3 rt _L -^ 1? tfl Si a rt aj CQfe O c . £% c '-3 u 52 c .9 3 'o [fl 0! "u U & sj emulsion of. tincture of. tropin sulphate, alsam of gurjun. a 3 — c s c 3 ■~ X u 13 "3 qa •ja u > rt < < fl O O I PI S3 u 75, ^ S g J I s a eg pq pq 3H W O U ="6 II o S J3 o °5 .. 2 '< 3 .a ° O O - w x « ft D. ft :S 32S -6 g-jg- 8 Cfl s I •Si •a a 0:2" fc o a r 1- 03 3 a o 55, 3 • £ 1 jj£ . 'H^iM ;% a : 2 4 § .9 a o 2 « .2 2 § o -n ft J3 O I en fO 3 o ft w '^J 2 "8 a rats § 3 3 DOSE- LIST. 247 ? N r*1 O vO LTi O u-> W> N ' M A ..I 41 u s 3 rj is rt ex o O'C .. o — j ., i- O IT. J-« •— CJ £ -3 H,^ s 5= -9 CO CO o g o 3 "H 3 q= u ,3 C ~ 3 o -5 'J _ I £ c: a s g U '-J X 3 248 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 6 ' P & g Q ia, given £ ii-i S* NO O T g ? ? ? IT) ^ 10 VO VO u .0 4? 7 i T -It 1 • •? • 7 CP M .. . d . .... .. it O N nn -3 wO M Q O «"> .,.,.,,. no 'III* * * S I 1 1 O.it.tnO.nri , u->io ro . . u . vn . u-> *■« - e Q ~ <4 u ~3 & a si M c c >, in 1 (Used as a deodorant J as tabloids.) Black snakeroot. j Quinin, > f 1 Peruvian-bark. / \ e of a '0 .5 rt ►J Oleum ricini. [Acacia catechu.') Tinctura catechu composita. Cerii oxalas. Mistura cretae. Pulvis cretae compositus. Creta praeparata. [Anthemis nobilis.) Carbo animalis purificatus ligni. Aqua laurocerasi. Chloral. Chloral um formamidatum. Calx chlorinata. Aqua chlori. Spiritus chloroformi. [Cimicifuga racemosa.) Extract, cimicifugae fluidum. Tinctura cimicifugae. [Cinchona officinalis.) Extractum cinchonae fluidum Extractum cinchonae. Tinctura cinchonae. Cinchoninae sulphas. u 6 c X! tn t 4 Castor oil. Catechu. tincture compound. Cerium oxalate. Chalk mixture. powder, compound. prepared. Chamomile, oil of. Charcoal, animal, purified. < Cherry-laurel water. Chloral hydrate. Chloralmid. Chlorid of lime. Chlorine-water. Chloroform : spirit of. Cimicifuga : fluid extract of. tincture of. Cinchona-bark : fluid extract of. extract of. tincture of. Cinchonin sulphate. DOSE-LIST. 249 % II c a 3 3 12 • '3 — Q= p* s d S 3 o o <-> -9 o o B K ft 8| •* -A S ».S ° rt C u g cfrw w pill -5 i o S ^ 00 3 22 . -° c rit of. cture of. 5S, oil of , fluid ex in hydro ulus : id extrac cture of. a (cacao h g^ oC>rtrtO3C0 U uuuu u •a •o o . o 3 T3 ,2 o o UU -7 X o o UU o C (U o 3 X ■II U UU 250 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. 1/1 . o Q M Pi O o ^ lid £^S . . 8, ST3 O 1 I | I •o „«<« O vn to . vo IP . . . 4, . *!■ . M ^ M MO .... .... O 5^ _Jo O _Jo . . .^ . -wh . . . . ~ H N H« . , , , £ .is 4.. . . , »n ^ - . .^. . "3 Q. O (^ . U V °a sg § >. to Foxglove. (A solvent.) Ergot of rye. Hoffmann's anodyne. 4) s s 'o ifl o rt ►J Oleum tiglii. (Piper eubeba.) Extractum cubebae fluidum. Oleum cubebae. Oleoresina cubebae. Pulvis cubebae. Tinctura cubebae. Digitalinum. (Digitalis purpurea?) Extractum digitalis. Extractum digitalis fluidum. Infusum digitalis. Tinctura digitalis. Liquor arseni et hydrargyri iodidi. Pulvis ipecacuanhae et opii. Aqua destillata. Elaterinum. Elaterium. Extractum ergotae. fluidum. Vinum ergotae. ^Ether aceticus. Spiritus aether. = 5 3 Croton oil. Cubeb : fluid extract of. oil of. oleoresin of. powdered. tincture of. Digitalin. Digitalis : extract of. fluid extract of. infusion of. tincture of. Donovan's solution. -J Dover's powder. Distilled water. Elaterin. Elaterium. Ergot, extract of. fluid extract of. wine of. Eserin. Ether, acetic spirit of. DOSE-LIST. 251 a : I I ,U 4. J. O OOO o o I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I **kr . « c C « o >- JS g "5.* £* c £ IS s a. J3 £ . 5 ^ rt ' 8 a 2 £ -' «« ~ i §03 x *£ js cl "a, v <-• c « ^ g S 3 rt -f fi © g "5 WWWW WW C kA _; c ,0 o o u ~c v & 252 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. o N l-t N III III OONOO o oo I VO tf I I I I I I I HN |-| . . . . HJN . . Hfr^HlN . H|M M H|C4 • t*0 p. o ^ D °6 as w 15 3 S S-i fl - - -> 03 .f a^ ^3 a 3 (3 3 C 12 a s 8\s a o CJ £3 o o • Si. ^3 H D "•8 ~ .a u-j 4. H . . . N . . H . N M I I III HtN « * • M • • HJN • ft H)N Si :3 'a; t* Jjimnn . g 4 O .. S^g8aJ^.ag,s B cS^g e 3 q\ u •- £?. ,j • C,J ra d c u ^ r, .^ *■> =, ~ o ,g\g ,2 ,2. C Oh Oh Oh CT* *WWW>>£rt2 J '3<=:\=£ a 8&1 « •- S .2 c 2 •£ o •&$ - w c ^ tf H H «3H OhOO II X . § B r£5 CC & 5 rt 3 W o -T3 3 o a. S o u a 3 a fi-F x! 5 ■* * O a o J- 3 rt r? B S rt C 3 <33 33 ^^ 3 oo a O tn 111 o .3 £ = E id c3 rt x S DOSE- LIST. 255 °? O vO 1 ' * I 1 II II T «... *Hn • • ... ... «T> 8 . . .2 . . .trvo • Li ' 1 m ^in..." • • • ~ ^ rt -• § 3 ? 5 3 tS &■ G 3 „* 3 C 8*8 8 5 — -S § a S ^3 'z'M ^£ o in :^ o 41 8 d 8 a; ."§1 "^ -^ & C *j "S r>" 3 o ■3 .r- 1- ,— 1 e E , -3 Ci r— ">5i CC «"* o a, *c a> « « o p S ST - 2 -5 .3 >» « - ~ -5 x 5 § « a. c g p go-Hi B r-5 .. H £fi h- o t/: o o o a. 256 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA FOR NURSES. V ^ Q 2 Q £> J O O ON N «r^ m cr> CO x m OO to £? Emetic 2-4 1-2 1-4 1-2 CP ^^ • • . .... rj-.° • co • m • N . . m co . mm co IN | || || III CS • 1 .11 . m « m • • N N • co n m u -2 "3 Q. " o« . °6 c a Blue flag. Carragheen moss. Identical with Liquor Ferri Perchloridi. Ferric hydrate. Copperas. Green vitriol. S C '0 O .2 Syrupus ipecacuanhae. Vinum ipecacuanhae. [Iris versicolor.) Extractum iridis. fluidum. [Chondrus crisflus.) Vinum ferri amarum. Ferri chloridum. < Tinctura ferri chloridi. Ferri citras. Ferrum dialysatum. Ferri peroxidum hydratum. Syrupus hypophosphitum cum ferro. ferri iodidi. Ferri phosphas solubilis. sulphas. < Vinum ferri citratis. Ferri et ammonii citras. Ferri et quininae citras. Ferri et strychninse citras. 1 c C Ipecacuanha (continued) : syrup of. wine of. Iris: extract of. fluid Irish moss. Iron : bitter wine of. chlorid of. tincture of. citrate, dialyzed. hydrated peroxid of liypophosphite, syrup of. < iodid of syrup, phosphate, soluble. sulphate of. wine of the citrate. Iron and ammonium citrate, and quinia citrate, and strychnin citrate. DOSE-LIST. 2S7 O J N C*3 1 fO 1 r-'rM r en O r^O O « vn O N u-> O . O . « I I 3 a 3 o S 82. >8 •5 K * s o g .a es c g ■5 "S " S-S..3 S S § ">^~ ^ " 5 5 « a »! g ^ ^ 3 * ^s >= ^ K2 a Sd f x£ s > 2 v 2 II :3 o ■5* w o — 3 o a fi- ll . £ iJ ^ £ T3 u; -■ .5^3 .5 £ C £ O C ct <- • - O. 5 ^ 2 .. ° 3 *— o-~ ll 2 S §*§ iJ-S S u 3 « § 1 g^? § 5 " H I o c 2 fc -a «■> ^ •T "-' cS w as rf v ^ o s<~ 3 o T •' 4> S .<5 '-3 g 3 S-S E 1 1 1 in & 00 « N WO I I I I I J© N JorH|00 U-> E2 OJ OJO fi cs &ps • 6 w • • *^ fl « O (fl n B ^3, Oh uffi W 5 if a, si s as is S a 5 w ° permi cksilv rosive ilorid e mas e pill, omel. rphin. -2 3* o ,— '■ rt ME § ffi^h^ o y 3 (fl So fl J3 c« •"& a »-< - fl fl h! sj T3 >- !» y j ;>> o o fl -H S ^ 0) O o c5 -i (fl O fl ££ s .5 £ DOSE-LIST. 259 o I I O O I I n j. i I I 77 O O U~> • vo row •OOO « N M t-1 Oh So 8 S 1H§ £0 53 8 -a • g 'a, . « I ° -U O ? s ^ rt O rt ^ ,3 3 g 00 s g 2 rt rt P- ^ ci ,_ a.. 3* S 5 u * Ia 5 c ^ . o a -a in S'a d ^ w to 5- >> O 3 3 y r- -3 3 ' I'&M a .&» 3 i~ 33o^<££5eia-2 •Eg' _■ £2 if* 6f.ti 3 £ 2 "" 3 X C 3 a.- 2 2t> II 1 <\ 3 u p ' ' iJ c/5 OO > — d 1 1.5 S3 Pi Ph Ph 3 O rt U ci M zi V V Ph O -3 a* u Ja 5 s 26o PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. to £p ir-i r-ltO L ' O OiflN o I I I I ""> N 0_lovnrtiMO 62 .5 2 "fi o S(iI3W>Ph ^ w - O cj C „ ■=- i- OS O O O CJ b/5 . ^ -3 £ II S3 M 3 U a H Physostigmin sulph, Picrotoxin. Pilocarpin hydrochl fluid extract. Podophyllum : fluid extract of. Port-wine. Potassium : acetate. bitartrate. bicarbonate. carbonate. chlorate. 6 'o 72. ^3 ,2 permanganate. sulphate. Potassium and sod'n Pulsatilla, fluid extr Quassia : extract of. fluid extract of. o^ DOSE- LIST. 26l w 00 N O O O N O O »" fO i-i . v© . m roro , id, M O m . T3 * £ •-a g J 5 S o s s- £ 3 |-c?|i .1*1 d I 1^^ .gig-l'S &§,§«« §^£ -s-S-S ^ £ g j S^S^,- -SS.SS 3 a " • 2 4> -" •« -S C « . SU O ~ = t/;^ c C3 cs II! *H I RNi 1 11 II It Illll'illl £ -2 o T3 « o 3 'S x £ a -a £ 8 £- H «■> o °2 . M S CO « § 'O..^ « C^ ^3 O t • O •£ C •- 00^ d > u_* S3 .1 ^ ±5 £ v ' ° -• U *S « § ^ r2 C «S g . = X ^ ,Jg rf X X g o^ 3 5 ° -i .. u .• i>.3 ±3 1/1 ■ o Q a. £ A € • IP WJ 3 « • Bh|n O 3 ^ HN >4 o rt 2 H toOOOmO Wy ~'"' O m N «-« 2 'L'ftfc I LJL I 1 I ' iiii i£ 1 a . U V M a O e >> CO Lunar caustic. Borax. Table salt. Glauber's salt. u e a a o c 3 Vinum xericum. Argenti iodidum. nitras. oxidum. {Mucilago ulmi.) Sapo viridis or mollis. Liquor sodse. Sodii acetas. arsenas. benzoas. bicarbonas. bisulphis. boras, carbonas. chloridum. hypophosphis. iodidum. nitras. phosphas. salicylas. sulphas. e C . m "bfl e H Sherry wine. Silver: iodid. nitrate. oxid. Slippery elm. Soap, green. Soda, solution of. Sodium : acetate. arsenate. benzoate. bicarbonate. bisulphite. borate. carbonate. chlorid. hypophosphite. iodid. nitrate. phosphate. salicylate. sulphate. DOSE- LIST. 263 O u~, N >o 3 « « « 'a 11: rt V o ■c -2 li o c H 3 O c ^.£~ 71 71 c c 1— ' t/3 °2fl ,J . . . o- * i: £ is 3 3 3 3 ^ •* J3 »q 3 wwww titi 71 H H H H H H ,5 S d 2 o 2'3-r! £ * J? I! Mi IS )"S tf « a 8 3 II s|||| J2 3 3 3 5 »- >f.t4 S > ft o s.h 5i ft c 3 ft_C 3 s c ,£) .2 O Oh W k c 2 >> •— . o ctf "S ra "f *» So ^13^* w ftirui o _j 2 £ .£ 3 o«Ui £ ^ s \s o ££k rt ,q .a O Oh 55 > ABB RE VIA TIONS. 265 ABBREVIATIONS. aa., ana, equal parts of each. A. c, ante cibu?n, before meals. Add., adde, add to it. Ad. lib., ad libitum, as you please. Alt. dieb., alterna diebus, every other day. Alt. hor., alterna horis, every other hour. Alt. noc, alterna nocte, every other night. Ante cib., ante cibum, before meals. Applic., applicatur, apply. Aq., aqua, water. Aq. font., aquafontana, spring water. Aq. bull., aqua bulliens, boiling water. Aq. dest, aqua destillata, distilled water. Aq. marin., aqua marina, sea-water. Aq. pluvial., aqua pluvialis, rain- water. Aq. pur., aqua pur a, pure water. Bis hor, or bis horis, every two hours. Bis ind., bis in dies, twice a day. Bull., bulliat, let it boil. C. or Cong., congius, a gallon. c. c, cubic centimetre. Cap., capiat, let him take. Cent., centigrade. Cochleat., cochleatim, by spoonfuls. Cochl., cochleare, spoonful. Coch. mag., cochlear magnus, a tablespoon. Coch. med., cochlear medium, a dessertspoon. Coch. parv., cochlear parvum, a teaspoon. Comp., compositus, compound. Conf., confectio, a confection. Cort., cortex, bark. Cuj., cujus, of which. Decoct, hord., decoctum hordei, bar- ley-water. Decub., decubitus (a bed), lying down. Destil., destilla, distil. Det., detur, let it be given. Dil., dilutus, dilute. Dim., dimidius, one-half. Div., divide. Div. in p. seq., dividatur in partes cequales, divide into equal parts. Drachm., drachma, a drachm. Duo., duo, two. Emp., emplastrum, a plaster. Enem., enema. Extr., extractum, extract. F., Fahrenheit. F. mist., fiat mistztra, make a mixture. Far., faradic. Fe.,ferrum, iron. Filt, filtra, filter. F. pil., fiat pilula, make a pill. Fot., fotus, a fomentation. Freq., frequenter, frequently. Fl., or i.,fluidtis, fluid. Ft., fiat, let there be made. F3, fiuidrachma, fluidrachm. F%, fiuiduncia, fluidounce. Garg., gargarisma, a gargle. Gm., gramme. Gossyp., gossypium, cotton-wool. Gr., granum, a grain, or grana, grains. Gtt., gutta, a drop, or guttw, drops. Guttat., guttatim, by drops. Hg., hydrargyrum, mercury. 266 PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDIC A FOR NURSES. Hirud., hirudines, leeches. Hor. decub., hora decubitus, at bed- time. Ind., in dies, daily. Inf., infusum, an infusion. Inject., injectio, an injection. Lat. dol., lateri dolenti, to the affected side. L., litre. Lb., libra, a pound. Lib. or lbs., librce, pounds. Lim., limones, lemons. Liq., liquor. Lot., lotio, a lotion. M., misce, mix. Tl\,, minimum. Mac, macera, macerate. Man., manipulus, a handful. Mass. pil., massa pilularutn, pill- mass. Mel., mellita, honey. Mist., misiura, a mixture. No., numero, in number. Noct., node, at night. O., octarius, a pint. 01., oleum, oil. 01. oliv., oleum oliva, olive oil. O. m., omni matte, every morning. Ov., ovum, an egg. Oz., ttncia, ounce. P. or Tug., pugillus, a pinch P. c, post cibum, after meals. Pil., pilula, a pill. Pond., pondere, by weight. Pt., pint. P. R. N., pro re nata, as occasion arises. Pulv., pulvis, a powder. Q. d., quarter in die, four times a day. Q. P., quantum placet, as much as you please. Q. S., qtiantum sufficit, as much as is sufficient. Qt., quart. Quotid., quotidie, every day. Q. V., quantum vis, as much as you wish. R., recipe, take. Rad., radix, root. Rect., reciificatus, rectified. S. or Sig., signa, write. Scr., scrupulum, scruple. Sem., semen, seed. Sol., solution. Spr., spiritus, spirit. Sp. gr., specific gravity. St., stet, let it stand. SS. or s., semissis, a half. Sum., sumendus, to be taken. S. V. G., spiritus vini gallici, brandy. S. V. R., spiritus vini rectificatus, alcohol. S. F., spiritus fru?nenli, whiskey. Syr., syrupus, syrup. T., temperature. T., ter, three times. T. i. d., ter in dies, three times a day. Tr., tinctura, tincture. Troch., trochisci, lozenges. Ung., unguentum, ointment. W., weight. £, drachma, a drachm. ^, uncia, an ounce. 9, scrupulum, a scruple. 2 dis., every two hours. 3 tis., every three hours. 4 tis., every four hours. 6 tis., every six hours. GLOSSARY. The principal terms used in Materia Medica and Therapeutics, together with a Miscellaneous List of the newest drugs. Abluent. Cleansing. Abort, i. To miscarry. 2. To arrest the development of a disease. Abortient, Abortifacient. Caus- ing abortion ; also a drug which causes abortion. Absolute alcohol. Alcohol free from water and other impurities. The absolute alcohol of the Phar- macopeia should contain not more than 1 per cent, of water. Absorbent. 1. Sucking up moist- ure. 2. A medicine which absorbs or which stimulates absorption. Abstergent. Cleansing ; also a cleansing agent. Abstract. A powdered prepara- tion made from a drug or fluid ex- tract mixed with milk-sugar and having twice the strength of the original drug. A.-C.-E. mixture. An anesthetic mixture of 1 part of alcohol, 2 parts of chloroform, and 3 parts of ether. Acetal. A colorless liquid de- rived from alcohol, used as a hyp- notic and sedative. Dose, 1 to 2 dr. (4.0-8.0 gm.). Acetone. A colorless liquid with an acrid taste and sharp odor. It is anesthetic and anthelmintic. Dose, 15 to 20 min. (0.9-1.3 c.c). Acetum. A medicinal prepara- tion with vinegar or dilute acetic acid. Acrid. Sharp, burning. Actol. Silver lactate, used as an antiseptic. Adjuvant. A remedy which assists the action of another. Affusion. 1. Treatment by pour- ing water upon the body. 2. A liquid poured upon the body. Agaricin. A poisonous principle derived from white agaric, used in night-sweats of phthisis. Dose, ^ to T Vgr. (0.003-0.004 gm.). Airol. Bismuth oxyiodogallate, or dermatol with the addition of iodin, used as a substitute for iodo- form. Albuminuretic. Causing an al- buminous state of the urine ; also a drug so acting. Alexipharmac, Alexipbarmic. A remedy which counteracts or pre- vents the effects of a poison. Alexipyretic. Driving off fevers ; febrifuge. Alkali. Any one of a class of substances having an acrid taste and caustic properties, combining with oil or fat to form soap, and turning red litmus blue. Alkaloid. Any alkaline principle obtained from the tissues of plants and animals. Alsol. Aluminum acetotartrate, used as an antiseptic for the mouth and throat. Alterant, Alterative. A medi- cine which alters the process of nutrition and excretion, restoring the normal functions of the body by a gradual process. Attimonol. A preparation said to contain acetanilid, sodium bicarbon- ate, and ammonium carbonate. Amyloform. A white powder, a compound of starch and formalde- 267 268 GLOSSARY. hyd. It is used as an antiseptic and deodorizer. Analeptic, i. Restorative; cor- dial. 2. A restorative medicine. Analgesic. A medicine that re- lieves pain. Analgin. Creolin. Anarcotin. An alkaloid of opium, said to be a valuable antiperiodic. Anesin. Said to be an aqueous solution of acetone-chloroform, used as a hypnotic and local anesthetic. Dose, 7 to 15 gr. (0.45-0.9 gm.). Anesthesia. Insensibility to pain. Anesthetic. An agent that pro- duces insensibility to pain. Anidrotic. Arresting the secre- tion of sweat; also, a medicine so acting. Anilin. An oily liquid dye from coal-tar. It is very poisonous and has been used as a nervine in chorea and epilepsy. Dose, 1 to 2 gr. (0.064- 0.13 gm.). Anitin. A new antiseptic and germicidal preparation. Anodyne. An agent or medicine that relieves pain. Antacid. A medicine that neutral- izes acidity. Antacidin. Saccharate of lime, used to correct acid dyspepsia. Antagonist. A drug that destroys or interferes with the effect of an- other. Antalgic. Relieving pain ; ano- dyne. Antalkaline. Neutralizing alka- linity. Antapolectic. Relieving apo- plexy. Antasthmatic. A remedy for the relief of asthma. Anthelmintic. A remedy for the destruction and expulsion of worms. Anthrarobin. A yellowish pow- der derived from alizarin, used in ointment in skin-diseases. Anthypnotic. An agent to pre- vent sleep. Antiarthritic. Useful in gouty conditions. Anticholerin. A derivative from cultures of cholera bacilli, used in cholera. Anticonvulsive. Useful against convulsions. Antidinic. A remedy for vertigo. Antidiphtherin. A derivative from cultures of diphtheria bacillus, used in diphtheria. Antidote. A remedy which coun- teracts the action of poisons. Antiemetic. A remedy which lessens nausea and vomiting. Antifebrile. Reducing fever. Antigalactic. Diminishing the se- cretion of milk. Antihydropin. A diuretic sub- stance obtained from cockroaches. Dose, 10 to 20 gr. (0.6-1.3 S m -)- Antikamnia. A patent anodyne and antipyretic preparation, said to be a mixture of acetanilid, sodium bicarbonate, caffein, and tartaric acid. Dose, 4 to 10 gr. (0.26-0.65 gm.). Antilithic. A remedy which acts on the kidneys, preventing the forma- tion of calculi. AntilUCtiC. Same as Antisyphi- litic. Antimigraine. A mixture of caf- fein, antipyrin, and sugar, used in migraine. Antinephritic. Useful in kidney- disease. Antinervin. A preparation con- taining acetanilid, ammonium bro- mid, and salicylic acid. It is used as an antipyretic and antirheumatic. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). Antiparalytic. Relieving para- lytic symptoms. Antiparasitic. Destroying or preventing the access of parasites. Antiperiodic. A medicine pre- venting the return of periodic symp- toms, especially malarial attacks. Antiphlogistic. An agent that re- duces inflammation or fever. Antipruritic. Relieving or pre- venting itching. Antipyretic. A remedy for re- ducing temperature ; a febrifuge. Antirabic. Curing or preventing rabies. Antirheumatic. Relieving or pre- venting rheumatism. Antirheumatin. A combination of sodium salicylate and methylene- blue, used in rheumatism. Dose, 1 to 2 gr. (0.065-0.13 gm.). Antiscorbutic. 1. Preventing scurvy. 2. A remedy for scurvy. GLOSSARY. 269 Antisepsin. An odorless, taste- less crystalline substance, used as an antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. Dose, J to 1 gr. (0.03-0.06 gm.). Antiseptic. Preventing the growth of germs and putrefaction. AntiseptOl. A reddish-brown powder, the iodosulphate of quinin, used as a substitute for iodoform. Antisialic. An agent that de- creases the flow of saliva. Antispasmin. A combination of narcein sodium and sodium salicyl- ate. It is hypnotic and sedative in painful and convulsive conditions, especially whooping-cough. Antispasmodic. A medicine which cures or counteracts a spasm. Antisudoral. Preventing sweat- ing. Antisyphilitic. Relieving syphilis or its symptoms. Antithermic. Same as Antipy- retic. Antithermin. A colorless, crys- talline powder, used as an antipy- retic. Dose, 5 gr. (0.3 gm.). Antitoxin. A substance or serum used to counteract a disease by sub- cutaneous injections. Antivenene. Blood-serum from animals immunized against snake- bite. Antizymotic. An agent or medi- cine that arrests fermentative proc- esses. Anusol. The iodoresorcin sul- phonate of bismuth, used as a remedy for hemorrhoids and catarrh, fissure^ and pruritus of the rectum and vagina. Apocodein. A derivative of co- dein, used as an expectorant in bronchitis. Dose, 3 to 4 gr. (0.2- 0.25 gm.). Apolysin. Phenetidin citrate, with properties resembling phenace- tin. Dose, 5 to 30 gr. (0.3-2 gm.). Aqueous. Watery ; prepared with water. Aqueous extract. A solid prepa- ration of drugs made from watery or aqueous solutions. Argentamin. A solution of silver phosphate in ethylendiamin, used as an antiseptic, especially in catarrhal conditions of the nose and throat. Argonin. A mixture of silver nitrate with [sodium and casein, used for gonorrhea in 2 per cent, solution. Aromatic. A medicine having a spicy odor and taste, and stimulant to the gastrointestinal mucous mem- brane. Asepsin. Same as Antisepsin. Aseptic. Free from germs and septic material. AseptOl. Reddish syrupy liquid, used as an antiseptic in diseases of the bladder, eye, and skin. Asparagin. A derivative of aspar- agus. Its hydrargyrate is a colorless liquid, used as a diuretic. Dose, \ gr. (0.01 gm.). Aspidospermin. An alkaloid from the bark of quebracho, used in affec- tions of the respiratory tract, such as asthma, etc. Dose, \ to \ gr. (0.016- 0.03 gm.). Astringent. A medicine which causes contractions and arrests the flow of secretions. Attenuant. A medicine supposed to cause thinness of the blood or secretions. Bactericide. An agent that de- stroys bacteria. Base. The principal active agent in a prescription. Bebeerin. An alkaloid from Nec- tandra rodicei. The sulphate is used as an antiperiodic. Dose, 2 to 5 gr. (0.15-0.3 gm.). Benzanalgen. A colorless, crys- talline derivative of chinolin. It is antiseptic, antithermic, and antineu- ralgic. Dose, -j\ to 45 gr. (0.5-3.0 gm.) daily. Benzonaphthol. A white, crys- talline powder, used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially for children. Dose, 4 to 8 gr. (0.25-0.50 gm.). For children according to age. Bismutan. A yellow powder, with a sweet taste, said to contain bismuth, rcsorcin, and tannic acid. Used in the diarrhea of children. Dose, 8 to 15 S r - (0.52-0.97 gm.). Bitters. Medicines having a bit- ter taste and increasing the tone of the gastrointestinal mucous mem- brane. They are divided into simple 270 GLOSSARY. bitters, or those which simply stimu- late the digestive tract ; and aromatic bitters, or those that have the proper- ties of aromatics as well. Cachet (kah-sha'). A wafer or capsule for medicines. Cactina. A preparation of Night- blooming Cereus, said to be a heart- stimulant. Calefacient. Causing or produc- ing a feeling of warmth. Calmant, Calmative. A calming, sedative medicine. Capillaire. A demulcent syrup of maiden-hair fern. Capsule. A soluble case for en- closing a dose of medicine. Captol. A derivative of tannin and chloral. It is a brown powder, and is used in solution as a lotion in seborrhea. Cardiac. Relating to the heart. Cardiac sedative. A drug that decreases the force and frequency of the heart's action. Cardiac stimulant. A drug that increases the force and frequency of the heart's action. Cardiant. A medicine affecting the heart. Carminative. A medicine ex- pelling gas from the stomach and Dowels. Carpain. Active principle from Carica papaya, used like digitalis in heart-affections. Dose, hypoder- mically, ^ to \ gr. (0.006-0.01 gm.). Carvacrol. A thick oily substance from the essential oil of a species of Origanum. It is used as a local antiseptic in wounds and skin-dis- eases in the form of powder or oint- ment. Cataphoresis. Introduction of medicines into the system by means of the electric current. Cataplasm. A poultice. Cathartic. Purgative ; also a purgative medicine. Caustic. A substance which burns and destroys the life of the part to which it is applied. Cauterant. A caustic material or application. Celastin. An alkaloid from Celastrus edulis, with properties simi- lar to those of cocain. Cerate. A greasy substance con- sisting of wax mixed with oils, fatty substances, or resins, and of such con- sistence that at ordinary temperature it can be readily spread upon linen or muslin, and yet so firm that it will not melt or run when applied to the skin. Cerebral sedative. An agent which decreases the activity of the brain. Cerebral stimulant. An agent which increases the activity of the brain. Cerebrospinant. A medicine which affects the brain and spinal cord. Cetaceum. Spermaceti. Cetrarin. An alkaloid from Ice- land moss, used as a stomachic, and in anemia and chlorosis. Dose, 3 to 6 gr. (0.2-0.4 g m -) m P u l fo rm - Chinosol. A new antiseptic, bac- tericide, and disinfectant. It is used locally in solutions of from -^fe^ to Chloral-caffein. A combination of chloral and caffein, used in rheumatic affections. Dose, hy- podermically, 3 to 4J gr. (0.2-0.3 gm.). Cholagogue. A remedy that in- creases the secretion of bile. Cicatrizant. An agent which pro- motes cicatrization. Cocainism. Chronic poisoning from the improper use of cocain. Collutory. A mouth-wash or gar- gle. Collyrium. An eye-lotion. Compatibility. The quality of being suitable for administration with another specified medicine. Condurango. The bark of Gono- lobus Condurango, iised as an alter- ative in syphilis and cancer. Dose of fluid extract, 20 to 30 min. (1.2-2 gm.). Confection. A mixture of a me- dicinal substance with sugar, honey, or syrup. Contraindication. A condition which forbids any particular course of treatment. Convolvulin. A derivative from GLOSSARY. 271 Ipomcea purga, used as a purgative. Dose, i| to 3 gr. (0.09-0.18 gm.). Convulsant. A medicine that pro- duces convulsions. Comutin. An active principle of ergot. It is a brownish powder, use- ful in genitourinary hemorrhages and in spermatorrhea. Dose, \ to \ gr. (0.01-0.015 gm.) daily. Coronilla. A plant, of which the tincture and the powder from the flowers are used as heart-tonics. Corrective. A drug which modi- fies the action of another drug. Corrosive. Eating away the tis- sues; also, a substance so acting. Cosaprin. A derivative of acet- anilid. It is a grayish powder with antipyretic properties. Cosmetic. A substance used for beautifying. Counterirritant. An agent which produces counterirritation. Counterirritation. Irritation ap- plied at some part to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, or hasten ab- sorption at another point, having some vascular or nervous connection with the first part. Culicifuge. An application to pre- vent mosquito-bites. Cumulative action. A sudden marked effect after the administra- tion of a number of ineffective doses of a drug.) Dacryagogue. A medicine that induces a flow of tears. Debilitant. A remedy which re- duces excitement. Decalvant. An agent that re- moves or destroys hair. Decoction. The extract obtained from any substance by boiling it in water. Deliquescent. Having a tendency to become liquid by absorbing moist- ure from the air. Deliriant, Delirifacient. A med- icine that produces delirium. Demulcent. A remedy which soothes sensitive surfaces and pro- tects them from irritation. Dentifrice. A tooth-powder or tooth-paste. Deobstnicnt. A medicine which removes obstructions ; an aperient. Deodorant. A substance that will remove or correct offensive odors. Deodorizer. Destroyer of odors. Deoxidize. To deprive of oxygen. Depilatory. An agent that de- stroys or removes the hair. Depressant. A medicine which reduces the beatings of the heart, and the vital energies in general. Depresso-motors. Drugs that lessen muscular activity. Depurant, Depurative. Purify- ing; cleansing; also, a cleansing medicine. Derivant, Derivative. A medi- cine or agent drawing blood from the seat of disease. Desiccant, Desiccative. Promot- ing dryness ; drying. Detergent. Cleansing ; a cleansing medicine or lotion. Devorative capsule. A capsule to be filled with medicine and swal- lowed. Diaphoretic. A remedy which increases the perspiration. Diaphtherin. Oxyquinaseptol, a yellow powder, with powerful anti- septic properties. Digestant, Digestive. A remedy which aids digestion ; a digestive tonic. Dilatant. An agent or medicine that causes dilatation. Diluent. A medicine supposed to increase the fluidity of the blood. Discutient. A remedy which causes the disappearance and reso- lution of morbid matter. Disinfectant. An agent which destroys germs, noxious gases, and other infectious matters. Diuretics. Medicines which in- crease the flow of the urine. They are distinguished as alterative diuret- ics, or those that are used for their local effects on the surfaces over which they pass; hydra£<<^i(e diuret- ics, or those that increase the flow of water from the kidneys ; indirect diuretics, or those that act by reliev- ing renal compression or congestion ; mechanical diuretics, or those which increase secretion by washing out the urinary tubules; saline diuretics, which, as they are absorbed, carry water into the blood ; refrigerant 272 GLOSSARY. diuretics, those that render the urine less irritating; and saline diuretics, which act by stimulating the secreting elements of the kidneys. Dose. A portion of medicine to be taken at one time. Draught. A liquid medicine to be swallowed in a single dose. Ecbolic. A medicine which hastens labor, or expels the contents of the pregnant uterus. Efflorescent. Becoming powdery by losing the water of crystallization. Electuary. A preparation made by mixing powders with syrup, honey, or other sweet vehicle. Elixir. A solution of a medicinal substance in water, rendered agree- able to the taste and smell by sugar and aromatics. Embrocation. A liquid to be ap- plied to the body with the hand. Emesis. Vomiting. Emetic. A medicine to produce vomiting. A direct or mechanic emetic acts on the nerves of the stomach ; an indirect or systemic emetic acts through the blood. Emmenagogue. A medicine which promotes the flow of the menses. A direct emmenagogue acts directly on the sexual organs; an indirect em- menagogue acts by relieving some causative condition. Emollient. A softening and sooth- ing application or liniment. Emplastrum. A plaster. Emulsion. An oily or resinous medicine suspended in water through the agency of adhesive substances. Eosote. Valerianate of creosote, used in tuberculosis and as an in- testinal antiseptic. It is given in capsules containing 3 gr. Epispastic. Vesicants. Errhine. A remedy which in- creases the discharge from the mu- cous membrane of the nostrils. EscharotiC. See Caustic. Essence. A strong solution of one part of volatile oil in four of rectified spirits. Essential oil. A volatile oil. Eucain. An artificial alkaloid ; a local anesthetic. Used like cocain in \ to 1 per cent, solutions. Euchinin. A product of the action of ethylchlorocarbonate on quinin, having properties like quinin without its disagreeable symptoms. Eudoxin. A red powder, the bismuth salt of nosophen, used as an intestinal antiseptic. Eugenol. An aromatic liquid from oil of cloves and other essential oils, used as an antiseptic. Dose, 10 to 15 min. (0.6-0.9 c.c.). Evacuant. A medicine which empties the bowels. Excipient. An inactive substance added to the active medicines of a prescription to give it a suitable form or bulk. Excitant. A medicine which arouses functional activity. Excitomotor. An agent that ex- cites motion and functional activity ; a stimulant. Exhilarant. A remedy that causes elation of spirits. Expectorant. A medicine which increases the expectoration. Extract. A medicinal preparation made by extracting the ingredients of vegetable substances. An extract is a solid preparation, a fluid extract is a liquid preparation. Febrifuge. An agent for allaying fever. Febrile. Relating to fever. Ferment. A substance that causes fermentation in other substances with which it comes in contact. Ferratin. A reddish-brown pow- der, said to be an iron-compound from hog's liver. Dose, 2 to 5 gr. (0.13-0.33 gm.). Filtrate. A liquor which has passed through a filter. Flatulence. Accumulation of gas in the stomach or intestines. Fuchsin. A dye-substance said to be valuable in albuminuria and typhus fever. Dose, in pill with glycerin or tragacanth, \ to 4 gr. (0.03-0.25 gm.). GaietOl. An oily liquid allied to guaiacol, with antipyretic and anal- gesic properties. Galactagogue. Increasing the GLOSSARY. 273 flow of milk ; also a medicine so acting. Galactophygous. Checking the flow of milk. Gallobromol. A white crystalline substance, used like potassium bro- mid in nervous disorders. Dose, 7J gr. to 2 dr. (0.5-8 gm.). Geosote. Valerianate of guaiacol. Germicide. An agent or drug that destroys microbes. Glutol. A combination of formalin with gelatin, used as a local disin- fectant. Glycerite. A mixture of a medi- cine with glycerin. Helminthagogue. Same as Ver- mifuge. Hemagogue. Promoting a flow of blood. Hematic tonic. A blood-tonic. Hematinic. An agent that in- creases the hemoglobin in the blood. Hemogallol. A reddish-brown powder, obtained by the action of pyrogallol on the hemoglobin of the blood. It is used in anemia and chlorosis. Dose, 3 to 8 gr. (0.2-0.5 gm.). Hemoglobin. The red coloring- matter of blood, used in anemia and chlorosis. Dose, i\ to 3 gr. (0.1- 0.18 gm.). Hemol. A blackish-brown pow- der, obtained by the action of zinc- dust on the coloring-matter of blood, used in chlorosis. Dose, x\ to 7J gr. (0.1-0.5 gm.). Hemostatic. An agent to arrest a flow of blood. Holocain. A derivative of phe- netidin, used as a local anesthetic, especially in surgery of the eye. Hydracetin. A colorless crystal- line substance, used in skin-diseases, especially psoriasis, in a 10 per cent, ointment. Hydragogue. A purgative which causes the discharge of water from the system. Hydrargyria. A sort of eczema caused by taking mercury. Hydrafgyrol. A brownish-red compound containing mercury and phenol. It is an antiseptic with an agreeable odor. 18 Hyperpyrexia. Excess of fever. Hypnotic. Agent for causing sleep. Hypodermic, Hypodermatic. Under the skin ; a term applied to injections made under the skin by means of a hypodermic syringe. Hypodermoclysis. Injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tissues. Iatraliptic method. The applica- tion of remedies by friction and in- unction. Idiosyncrasy. An individual pe- culiarity in regard to the action of certain drugs, their action and effect being entirely different to what is ex- pected. Incompatible. Not suitable for combination or administration to- gether: said of two medicines or drugs. Infusion. A medicinal prepara- tion made by extracting the active principles of a substance by pouring hot or cold water upon it and letting it stand. Inoculation. The injecting of diseased fluid from the body of one creature into the body of another, as calf-lymph is used for vaccination. Iodoformogen. A preparation of iodoform and albumin, used as an odorless substitute for iodoform. Iodophenin. A compound of iodin and phenacetin, used as an an- tiseptic dressing. Irritant. An agent which causes excitation and stimulates action. Itrol. Silver citrate ; used in the treatment of gonorrhea. Izol. A disinfectant and germi- cide produced in the manufacture of coke. It is said to be superior to carbolic acid. Used in strength of \ to 1 per cent. Eairin. A bitter substance used with quinin as an antiperiodic. Dose, 5 to 15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). Kava-kava. The root and resin of Piper mctiLysticum ; used as a tonic in gonorrhea and cystitis. Dose of fluid extract, 15 to 60 min. (1-4 c.c). Kola. The seeds of Sterarbia acuminata; used as cardiac and nerve- stimulant. 274 GLOSSARY. Kryofin. A white crystalline coal- tar product, used as an antipyretic and hypnotic. Dose, 4 to 7J gr. (0.25-0.5 gm.). LactagOgue. A medicine for in- ducing milk secretion. Lactifuge. A drug that lessens the secretion of milk. Largin. A light-gray powder, rec- ommended for gonorrhea. Laxative. A mild purgative. Lethal dose. A deadly or fatal dose. Liniment. A liquid for external application. Liquor. A solution of active sub- stances in water. Lithontriptic. A medicine which acts as a solvent for calculi. Lotion. A solution for external use : it may be evaporating or non- evaporating. Lozenge. A sweet medicated tab- let. Lycetal. A compound used as a solvent of uric acid. Dose, 15 to 45 gr. (1-3 gm.). Lysidin. A pinkish crystalline substance, used as a solvent for uric acid. Dose, 1 to 5 gr. (0.065-0.33 gm.). Maceration. The process of soft- ening a solid by soaking. Malakin. A salicylic derivative, used as an antipyretic and anodyne. Dose, 7I to 15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). Materia medica. The branch of medical science which deals with drugs, their sources and prepara- tion. Menstruum. A solvent medium. Methylal. A derivative of methyl alcohol, used as a local anesthetic and hypnotic. Dose, 5 to 15 min. (0.3-0.9 c.c), Microcidin. A mixture of naph- tol with sodium hydrate, used as an antiseptic in solutions of from 3 to 5 in 1000. Migrainin. A preparation of anti- pyrin, caffein, and citric acid, used in migraine and influenza. Dose, 10 to 15 gr. (0.7-1 gm.). Mixture. A medicine consisting of several liquids mixed together, or of a liquid containing solid matter in suspension. Mucilage. Medicinal prepara- tions of soluble gummy substances dissolved in water. Mussanin. Acacia antkelmintica, recommended as a powerful anthel- mintic. Dose of infusion, 1 to 2 oz. (32-64 gm.). Mydriatic. A drug used to dilate the pupil of the eye. Myotic. A drug which causes the pupil to contract. Napellin. An alkaloid from Acon- itum napellus, used as an antineu- ralgic. Dose, \ to § gr. (0.01-0.03 gm.). Naphthalan. A new ointment- base from crude naphtha peculiar to the Caucasus. Narcotic. A medicine which in- duces sleep. Nauseant. A drug or agent that induces nausea. Nerve-sedative. An agent which has a soothing influence on the nervous system. Nervine. A drug increasing the tone of the nervous system ; a nerve- tonic. Neurotic. A drug which acts on the nervous system. Nosophen. A yellow powder, pre- pared by treating phenolphthalein with iodin ; used as a local antiseptic. Nutriant. A drug that modifies the nutritive processes. Nutrose. The sodium-salt of casein, used as a nutrient food-prep- aration. Obstruent. A medicine that causes obstruction. Official. Recognized by the U. S. Pharmacopeia. Officinal. Regularly kept in stock in drug stores. Ointment. A fatty medicated preparation of such consistency that it melts when rubbed upon the skin. Ointments are prepared from lard, vaselin, or lanolin. Oleaginous. Oily. Oleate. A solution of a substance in oleic acid. Oleoresin. A principle consisting GLOSSARY. 275 of a mixture of a resin with a natural oil, extracted from vegetable sub- stances by the action of ether. Oleum. Oil. Opiate. A drug which causes sleep. Orphol. A compound of beta- naphtol and bismuth, used as an in- testinal antiseptic and astringent. Dose, 5 to 15 gr. (0.32-1 gm.). OrthOform. A new local anes- thetic, being a synthetic cocain. Given also internally in doses of 7J to 15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). Oxytocic. A medicine which pro- motes uterine contraction and thus hastens labor. Pancreatin. The active principle of pancreatic juice. Paraform. A white crystalline substance, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant. Dose, j\ to 15 gr. (0.5- 1 gm.). Parasiticide. An agent that de- stroys parasites on the skin. Parturifacient. A medicine that facilitates childbirth. Pastille. A sugared confection ; a lozenge. Pellotin. A hypnotic alkaloid, from Echifiocactus. Dose, hypo- dermically, | to | gr. (0.02-0.4 gm-)- Pental. A colorless liquid, used as a general and local anesthetic. It has a tendency to depress the circu- lation. Percolation. The extraction of the soluble parts of a drug by means of a liquid solvent. Periplocin. A poisonous principle from Periploca Grceca, used in minute doses in circulatory diseases. Peronin. A dirty white powder, derived from morphin, and used as a substitute for morphin. Dose, \ to £ gr. (0.01 1-0.033 gm.). Pharmacodynamics. The study of the action of drugs. Pharmacography. The study of crude drugs and medicines. Pharmacology. The science of drugs, especially of their actions. Pharmacopeia. An authoritative treatise on drugs and their prepara- tions. Pharmacy. The art of preparing and compounding medicines. Phenosalyl. An antiseptic com- bination of carbolic, salicylic, and lactic acids with menthol and euca- lyptol. Used in solution of 1 to 2 per cent. Phesin. A reddish-brown powder, derived from phenacetin, with anti- pyretic properties. Phosphorescence. Emission of light without heat. Placebo. A medicine given to gratify a patient or simply to affect his imagination. Plasmins. Liquid derivatives of the cell-secretions of lower organ- isms, used to give immunity against the action of the organisms from which they are derived. Prophylactic. 1. Warding off disease. 2. A medicine that tends to ward off disease. Protargol. A yellowish powder, said to be a combination of silver with a proteid base. Used as an an- tiseptic. Protective. An agent used to cover a part, as collodion and gutta- percha. Protein. An artificial compound almost similar to white of egg. Ptomain. An alkaloid substance, produced by putrefactive processes in animal and vegetable tissues. Ptyalagogue. A sialagogue. Pulver, Pulvis. A powder. Purgative. Medicine for causing evacuation of the bowels. Pustulant. A drug that produces pustules. Pyraloxin. A dark-brown powder, a product of pyrogallol, used as a substitute for the latter in skin-dis- eases. Pyramidon. A yellowish-white powder, derived from antipyrin, and used as an antipyretic and analgesic. Dose, 3 to 8 gr. (0.2-0.52 gm.). Pyrantin. A derivative of suc- cinic acid and phenacetin, recom- mended as an antipyretic. Pyrazol. A compound s have satisfactory diuretic properties. Dose, 15 to 30 gr. (1-2 gm.). Pyrexia. Elevation of tempera- ture ; fever. 2/6 GLOSSARY. Rectified. Refined. Refracta dosi. Latin for " In re- peated and divided doses." Refrigerant. An agent used to relieve fever and thirst. Relaxant. An agent to diminish tension. Repellent. Dispelling a swelling by causing the matter that produces it to be absorbed. Resin. A medicinal preparation precipitated by water from alcoholic mixtures of various drugs. Resolvent. A medicine producing subsidence of a disease with restora- tion of the parts to their normal con- dition. Resorbin. An ointment-base pre- pared from pure almond-oil and wax by emulsion with water and adhesive solution. Restorative. A remedy which restores to a condition of health and vigor. Retinol. A hydrocarbon distilled from rosin ; used as an ointment- basis and having stimulating, anti- septic properties. Revulsant, Revulsive. A drug or measure adopted to draw blood from a distant part. Rhigolene. The light, inflamma- ble liquid distilled from petroleum ; used in spray to produce local anes- thesia. Roborant. Giving strength ; strengthening; also, a remedy so acting. Rubefacient. An irritant which causes redness of the skin. Salacetol. A crystalline prepara- tion, used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 30 to 45 gr. (2-3 gm.). Salitannol. A white powder, derived from salicylic and tannic acids, and recommended as an an- tiseptic. Sanatogen. A nutrient tonic, said to be a glycerin phosphate of sodium and casein. Sanoform. A derivative of iodin and oil of gaultheria, recommended as a substitute for iodoform. Sanose. An albuminous food- preparation, said to contain casein and albumose. Saturated solution. A solution containing all of that drug which the menstruum employed is capable of holding in solution. Sedative. A soothing medicine. Sialagogue. A medicine which increases the flow of saliva. Sinapism. A mustard-plaster. Solution. A liquid containing particles of a solid, gas, or another liquid diffused through it. Solutol. A combination of cre- sylic acid and sodium cresylate ; used as an antiputrefactive and disinfect- ant. Spasmotin. A principle from ergot, suggested as a substitute for ergot. Solvent. Dissolving ; also an agent that acts by dissolving. Somnifacient. A drug that in- duces sleep. Soporific. An agent which in- duces sleep. Sorbefacient. An agent pro- ducing absorption. Specific. A medicine particularly indicated in, or especially curative of, a given disease. Specific gravity. The weight of a substance compared with that of another. Spinant. A drug that acts directly on the spinal cord, tending to pro- duce convulsions. Sternutatory. A medicine that causes sneezing ; an errhine. Stimulant. An agent which in- creases functional activity ; stimu- lants may be general or local. Stomachal, Stomachic. A medi- cine which acts as a stimulant to the stomach. Stupefacient. Narcotic. Styptic. A remedy to check bleeding; an astringent. Styracol. A combination of guai- acol and cinnamyl chlorid, used as an ^antiseptic in the treatment of tuberculosis. Subcutaneous. Situated or per- formed beneath the skin. Sudorific. An agent causing per- spiration. Supersaturated solution. A solu- tion made in a heated condition, and thus containing a greater quantity of GLOSSARY. 277 the solid than it could have absorbed at its normal temperature. Suppositories. Cone - shaped medicinal preparations for introduc- tion into the rectum, vagina, or ure- thra. Suppurant. An agent producing suppuration. Synaptase. See Emulsions. Syrup. A medicinal preparation made with sugar and water. Taka diastase. A ferment pro- duced by the action of Japanese rice-fungus ; used as a disinfectant. Dose, 1 to 5 gr. (0.065-0.3 gm.). Tannalbin. A preparation of tannin, used as an astringent in diar- rheal conditions. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). Taunigen. A derivative of tannic acid, used as an intestinal antiseptic and also as an antiseptic in diseases of the nose and throat. Tannoform. A product of tannin and formic aldehyd. It is a yellowish powder, used as an antiseptic and astringent. Tannon. A product of tannin, used as an astringent in diarrheal conditions. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). Tanosol. A combination of cre- osote and tannic acid, used in affec- tions of the lungs. Tenalin. A preparation of betel- nut, used as a vermifuge. Dose, 1 to 2 dr. (4-8 gm.). Tenicide. An agent which kills tapeworms. Teucrin. An extract from Teu- crium scordium ; used in tuberculous abscesses, lupus, and fungous adeni- tis in the form of ointment or hypo- dermically. Therapeutics. That branch of medicine which treats of the applica- tions of remedies and all forms of cure. Thermodin. A crystalline com- pound with antithermic properties ; used in influenza, pneumonia, pleu- risy, diphtheria, typhoid fever, etc. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). Thilonin. Sulphuretted lanolin, used locally in cutaneous affections. Thioresorcin. A grayish powder, used as an antiseptic, like iodoform. Thiosinamin. A crystalline com- pound, used as a general tonic and diuretic ; also, in skin-diseases, local tuberculosis, and female affec- tions. Dose, subcutaneously, of 15 per cent, solution, 5 to 30 min. (0.3- 1 gm.). Thymacetin. A derivative of thymol, allied to phenacetin ; used as a hypnotic and analgesic in nervous and mental disorders. Dose, 3 to 15 gr. (0.25-1 gm.). Tincture. An alcoholic solution of a drug. Titration. Volumetric analysis by means of solutions of standard strength. Tolerance. Ability to endure the continued use of a drug. Tonic. A medicine which in- creases the strength and vigor and gives tone to the whole body. There are many kinds, all of which act upon and improve the tone of the organs upon which they have a spe- cial effect. Toxicity. The quality of being poisonous. Toxicology. Science of poisons. TraumatOl. A compound of cre- sylic acid and iodin, used as an anti- septic, like iodoform. Trimethylamin. A base found in ergot and cod-liver oil, said to have antirheumatic properties. Dose, 20 to 40 min. (1.25-2.50 gm.). It is apt to produce albuminuria. Triturate, Trituration. A prepa- ration made by rubbing up a drug with milk-sugar. Troche. Lozenges ; small, dry solid masses of a flattened shape. Tropacocain. An alkaloid from a variety of coca, used as a local anes- thetic, like cocain. Tumenol. A dark-brown, syrupy liquid, used locally in skin-diseases in a solution of from 5 to 10 per cent. Tussol. Antipyrin amygdalate, used in whooping-cough of children. Dose, in aqueous solution, £-6 gr. (0.05-0.40 gm.), according to age. Unofficial. Not authorized by the \ Pharmacopeia. Uretic. Medicine to increase the i flow of urine. 278 GLOSSARY. Uropherin. A white powder com- posed of theobromin-lithium and lithium salicylate ; used as a diuretic and in heart-disease and nephritis. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). Vascular sedative. An agent that contracts the blood-vessels, less- ening the flow of blood through them. Vascular stimulant. An agent that dilates the superficial blood- vessels and increases the circulation through them. Vascular system. A system of blood-vessels. Vasomotor. Controlling the movements of the blood-vessels. Vehicle. Same as Excipient. Vermicide. A remedy that de- stroys intestinal worms. Vermifuge. Same as Anthelmin- tic. Vesicant. A blistering-agent. Vinegars. Preparations made by percolating a drug with vinegar or dilute acetic acid. Volatile. Evaporating quickly. Vomitory. An agent to produce vomiting. Vulnerary. A medicine, used to relieve the pain of wounds and to promote their healing. Wines. Solutions of drugs in sherry wine. NDEX Abbreviations, 265 Absorption of medicines, 16 Abstract, definition of, 267 A.-C.-E. mixture, 267 Acetal, 267 Acetanilid, 34 -poisoning, 34 Acetate of lead, 138 Acetic acid, 35 antidotes of, 230 dilute, 35 ether, 107 Acetone, 267 Acetophenone, 34, 126 Acetum, 35 Acid, acetic, 35 dilute, 35 anesic, 35 arsenous, 35 benzoic, 71 boracic, 39 boric, 39 camphoric, 40 carbolic, 40 chromic, 41 cinnamic, 41 citric, 42 gallic, 42 hydriodic, dilute, 42 hydrobromic, dilute, 42 hydrochloric, 42 dilute, 43 hydrocyanic, 43 lactic, 44 muriatic, 42 nitric, 44 dilute, 44 nitrohydrochloric, 45 nitromuriatic, 45 oleic, 45 Acid, oxalic, 46 phenic, 40 phosphoric, dilute, 46 prussic, 43 salicylic, 47 sclerotic, 47 sulphuric, 47 dilute, 47 sulphurous, 48 tannic, 48 tartaric, 48 Acidum aceticum, 35 dilutum, 35 arsenosum, 35 benzoicum, 71 boricum, 39 camphoricum, 40 carbolicum, 40 chromicum, 41 cinnamicum, 41 citric urn, 42 gallicum, 42 hydiiodicum dilutum, 42 hydrochloricum, 42 dilutum, 43 hydrocyanicum, 43 lacticum, 44 dilutum, 44 nitricum, 44 dilutum, 44 nitrohydrochloricum, 45 oleicum, 45 oxalicum, 46 phosphoricum dilutum, 46 salicylicum, 47 scleroticum, 47 sulphuricum, 47 dilutum, 47 sulphurosum, 48 tannicum, 48 279 280 INDEX. Acidum tartaricum, 48 Aconite, 49 antidotes of, 231 extract of, 49 fluid extract of, 50 liniment, 50 -poisoning, 49 tincture of, 50 Aconitin, 50 Aconitum, 49 Action, cumulative, 17 of drugs, duration of, 17 Adeps lanae hydrosus, 50, 136 prseparatus, 50 Adonidin, 50 Adonidinum, 50 ^Ether, 104 aceticus, 107 fortior, 104 ^Ethyli iodidum, 130 African pepper, 82 Agaricin, 267 Agathin, 50 Age and dosage, 18 Airol, 267 Albumin, egg, 10 1 Alcohol, 50 absolute, 50 dilute, 51 -poisoning, 51 Alcoholic extract of jalap, 133 Ale, 51 Alkaline waters, 235 Alkaloid, definition of, 227 Allium, 52 Allspice, oil of, 165 Almonds, 52 Aloe, 53 Aloes, 53 Barbadoes, 53 enema of, 53 extract of, 53 pills of, 179 Socotrine, 53 tincture of, 53 wine of, 53 Alsol, 267 Alteratives, 19 Althaea, 53 Alum, 53 dried, 54 Alumen, 53 Aluminum and potassium sulphate, 53 Alumnol, 54 American hellebore, 221 wonnseed, 85 Ammonia, 54 antidotes of, 230 aromatic spirit of, 55 liniment, 141 -poisoning, 54 spirit of, 55 -water, 54 Ammoniac, 56 emulsion, 56 plaster with mercury, 56 Ammoniacum, 56 Ammoniated glycyrrhizin, 141 mercury, 152 tincture of guaiac, 121 of valerian, 220 Ammonii benzoas, 71 bromidum, 74 iodidum, 130 valerianas, 221 Ammonium, antidotes of, 230 benzoate, 71 bromid, 55 carbonate, 55 chlorid, 55 ichthyosulphate, 127 iodid, 55, 130 valerianate, 55, 221 Ammonol, 267 Amygdala amara, 52 dulcis, 52 Amyl nitris, 56 nitrite, 56 poisoning by, 57 Amylene hydrate, 57 poisoning by, 57 Amyloform, 267 Amylum, 58 Analgen, 58 Analgesics, 21 Anafcotin, 268 Anemonin, 187 Anesin, 268 Anesthetics, 20 Anilin, 268 Anise, 58 INDEX. 28l Anise, oil of, 58 spirit of, 59 Anisic acid, 35 Anisum, 58 Anitin, 26 Anodynes, 21 Antacidin, 268 Antacids, 20 Anthelmintics, 21 Anthemis, 59 Anthrarobin, 268 Anticholerin, 268 Antidiphtherin, 268 Antidotes, 229 Antiemetics, 28 Antifebrin, 34 Antihydropin, 268 Antihydrotics, 22 Antikamnia, 268 Antimalarials, 21 Antimigraine, 268 Antimonial powder, 133 Antimonii et potassii tartras, 59 Antimonium, 59 Antimony, 59 and potassium tartrate, 59 -poisoning, 60 wine of, 60 Antinervin, 268 Antiperiodics, 21 Antiphlogistics, 23 Antipyretics, 22 Antipyrin, 60 antidotes of, 232 benzoate, 61 -poisoning, 61 salicylate, 61, 197 Antipyrinum, 60 Antirheumatin, 268 Antisepsin, 269 Antiseptic solutions, 239 Antiseptics, 22 Antiseptol, 269 Antisialics, 23 Antispasmin, 61, 269 Antispasmodics, 23 Antistreptococcic serum, 203 Antitetanic serum, 203 Antithermin, 269 Antitoxin, diphtheria, 202 Antitoxins, 202 Antitubercle serum, 203 Antivenene, 269 Antizymotics, 23 Anusol, 269 Apiol, 61 Apocodein, 269 Apocynin, 62 Apocynum, 62 Apolysin, 269 Apomorphin as an emetic, 233 hydrochlorate, 62 Apomorphinae hydrochloras, 62 Aqua, 62 ammonise, 54 amygdalae amarae, 52 camphorae, 80 chlori, 87 chloroformi, 88 cinnamomi, 91 creosoti, 96 fceniculi, in fortis, 44 hydrogenii dioxidi, 124 menthae piperitae, 149 viridis, 149 rosae, 193 fortior, 1 93 Arbutin, 63, 220 Argentamin, 269 Argenti iodidum, 64 nitras, 64 dilutus, 65 fusus, 64 oxidum, 64 Argentum, 64 Argonin, 269 Anstol, 65 Arnica flowers, 65 root, 65 Arnicae flores, 65 radix, 65 Aromatic fluid extract, 91 powder, 83, 91, 156 spirit of ammonia, 55 syrup of rhubarb, 192 tincture of rhubarb, 192 Arrow poison, 208 Arsenate of iron, 1 1 1 of sodium, 37 Arseni iodidum, 37 Arsenic, antidote of, 230 282 INDEX. Arsenic bromid, solution of, 37 iodid, 37 white, 35 Arsenical poisoning, 36 Arsenite of copper, 96 Arsenous acid, 35 solution of, 37 Asafetida, 65 emulsion of, 66 enema of, 66 plaster of, 66 suppositories of, 66 tincture of, 66 Asafcetida, 65 Asaprol, 66 Asclepias, 66 Asepsin, 269 Aseptol, 269 Asparagin, 269 Aspidium, 66 oleoresin of, 67 Aspidospermin, 269 Astringents, 23 Atropin, 67 antidotes of, 231 -poisoning, 67 sulphate, 67 Atropina, 67 Atropine sulphas, 67 Aurantii amari cortex, 68 Aurantium, 67 Auri bromidum, 68 chloridum, 68 et potassii bromidum, 68 et sodii chloridum, 68 Aurum, 68 Balsam of Peru, 68 of Tolu, 68 Balsamum copaibas, 95 Peruvianum, 68 Tolutanum, 68 Barbadoes aloes, 53 Barberry, 72 Basham's mixture, 114 Bearberry, 219 Bebeerin, 269 sulphate, 71 Bebeerinse sulphas, 7 1 Beer, 51 Belladonna, 69 Belladonna, alcoholic extract of, 70 antidotes of, 231 fluid extract of, 70 leaves, 70 liniment, 70, 141 ointment, 70 plaster, 70 -poisoning, 69 root, 70 tincture of, 70 Belladonnas folia, 70 radix, 70 Benzanalgin, 269 Benzanilid, 70 Benzanilidum, 70 Benzoate of ammonium, 71 of calcium, 71 of guaiacol, 1 21 of lithium, 7 1 of menthol, 149 of sodium, Jl and caffein, 78 Benzoic acid, 71 Benzoin, 70 compound tincture of, 7 1 tincture of, 71 Benzoinum, 70 Benzonaphthol, 269 Benzopyrin, 61 Benzosol, 71, 121 Benzoyl guaiacol, 71 Berberis, 72 fluid extract of, 72 tincture of, 72 Beta-naphtol, 157 bismuth, 157 Betol, 72 Bichlorid of mercury, 150 Biniodid of mercury, 15 1 Bismutan, 269 Bismuth, 72 and ammonium citrate, 72 oxid, 72 salicylate, 72, 195 subcarbonate, 73 subgallate, 73 subiodid, 72 subnitrate, 73 Bismuthi et ammonii citras, 72 oxidum, 72 salicylas, 72 INDEX. 283 Bismuthi subcarbonas, 73 subgallas, 73 subiodidum, 72 subnitras, J^ Bismurhum, 72 Bites of rabid animals, treatment of, 233 Bitter almond, 52 oil of, 52 spirit of, 52 syrup of, 52 water, 52 orange-peel, 68 wine of iron, 114 Bitters, definition of, 269 Black draught, 148 haw, 222 mustard, 154 oxid of manganese, 147 snakeroot, 90 wash, 152 Blackberry, 194 Blaud's pills, 114 Blood-root, 198 Blue flag, 132 mass, 152 ointment, 152 pill, 152 stone, 96 vitriol, 96 Boneset, 109 tea, 109 Bonjean's ergot, 103 Boracic acid, 39 Borax, 40, 73 Boric acid, 39 , Brandy, 51 Brayera, 73 Bromal hydrate, 74 Bromamid, 74 Bromid of ammonium, 74 of calcium, 74 of ethyl, 74 of gold, 68 of iron, 113 of lithium, 74 of potassium, 74 of sodium, 75 of strontium, 75 Bromin, 76 Bromoform, 75 Bromol, 75 Bromum, 76 Broom, 200 Brown mixture, 141 Brucin, 76 Bryonia, 76 tincture of, 76 Bryony, 76 Buchu, 76 fluid extract of, 76 infusion of, 76 Burdock, 137 Burnett's disinfecting fluid, 225 Butyl-chloral hydrate, 76, 87 C. E. mixture, 104 Cacao-butter, 167 Cachet, definition of, 270 Cactina, 270 Cactus grandiflorus, 77 Caffea, 77 Caffein, 77 citrate, 77 -poisoning, 77 triiodid, 78 Caffeina citrata, 77 Calabar bean, 178 Calamus, 78 Calcii benzoas, 71 bromidum, 74 carbonas praecipitatus, 78 chloridum, 78 hypophosphis, 78 phosphas praecipitatus, 177 Calcined magnesia, 145 Calcium, 78 benzoate, 71 chlorid, 78 hypophosphite, 78 phosphate, 177 Calomel, 151 Calumba, 78 Calx, 79 chlorata, 79 sulphurata, 79, 213 Camphor, 80 antidotes of, 232 cerate, 80 chloral, 87 liniment, 80, 142 -poisoning, 80 284 INDEX. Camphora, 80 monobromata, 80 Camphorated tincture of opium, 80, 171 Camphoric acid, 40 Camphor-water, 80 Canada turpentine, 214 Canadian hemp, 62 Cannabin tannate, 81 Cannabis indica, 81 Cantharidal collodion, 81 Cantharides, 81 antidotes of, 231 -poisoning, 82 Cantharis, 81 Capillare, 270 Capsicum, 82 plaster, 83 Captol, 270 Caraway, 83 Carbo ligni, 85 Carbolic acid, 40 antidotes of, 229 poisoning, 40 Carbonate of creosote, 97 of lead, 139 of lithium, 143 of magnesia solution, 146 Carbonic-acid gas, antidotes of, 230 waters, 235 Cardamom, 8^ Cardamomum, 8^ Cardiac sedatives, 24 stimulants, 24 Carminatives, 24 Carpain, 270 Carron oil, 79, 141, 163 Carum, 83 Carvacrol, 270 Caryophyllus, 8^ Cascara sagrada, 84 Cascarilla, 84 Castor oil, 165 Cataphoresis, 270 Catechu, 84 Cathartics, 24 Caustic lime, antidotes of, 230 lunar, 64 mitigated, 64 potash, 184 soda, antidotes of, 230 Caustics, 26 Cayenne pepper, 82 Celastin, 270 Central emetics, 28 Cerate, definition of, 270 of cantharides, 81 Ceratum camphorse, 80 cantharidis, 81 plumbi subacetatis, 139 Cerebral depressants, 25 stimulants, 25 Cerii oxalas, 84 Cerium oxalate, 84 Cetaceum, 84 Cetraria, 84 Cetrarin, 270 Ceylon cinnamon, 9 1 Chalk mixture, 85 prepared, 85 Chalybeate waters, 236 Chamomile, 59 oil, 59 Champagne, 51 Charcoal, 85 poultice, 85 Charta potassii nitratis, 183 sinapis, 155 Chenopodium, 85 Chimaphila, 86 Chinosol, 270 Chirata, 86 Chiretta, 86 Chloral, 86 antidotes of, 232 butylicum, 87 camphor, 87 formamid, 87 hydrate, 86 menthol, 149 -poisoning, 86 Chloralamid, 8j Chloral-caffein, 270 -urethane, 219 Chloralose, 87 Chloralum formamidatum, 87 Chlorate of potassium, 87 Chlorin, 89 -water, 87 Chlorinated lime, 79 Chloroform, 88 liniment, 88, 142 INDEX. 285 Chloroform-poisoning, 89 poultice, 89 -water, 88 Chloroformum, 88 Chloromethyl, 153 Chlorum, 89 Cholagogues, 25 Chromic acid, 41 trioxid, 41 Chrysarobin, 89 Chrysarobinum, 89 Cigarettes of sodium arsenate, 37 Cimicifuga, 90 Cinchona, 90 Cinchonin, 90 sulphate, 90 Cinchonina, 90 Cinchoninoe sulphas, 90 Cinnamic acid, 41 Cinnamomum cassia, 90 Saigonicum, 91 Zeylonicum, 91 Cinnamon, 90 -water, 91 Citrate of caffein, 77 of iron, II 2 of lithium, 143 of magnesia solution, 146 Citric acid, 42 Claret, 51 Clarified honey, 148 Classification of drugs, 19 Clemens' solution, 37 Cloves, 83 Clove-tea, 84 Coal-tar camphor, 157 Coca, 91 Cocain, antidotes of, 232 hydrochlorate, 91 phenate, 92 -poisoning, 92 Cocainse hydrochloras, 91 phenas, 92 Codein, 93, 172 -poisoning, 93 Codeina, 93 Cod-liver oil, 154, 163 Coffee, 77 Colchici semen, 93 Colchicin, 93 -poisoning, 93 Colchicum, 93 seed, 93 Cold cream, 193 Coley's mixture, 203 Collodion, 94 cantharidal, 81 flexible, 94 styptic, 94 Collodium, 94 cantharidatum, 81 flexile, 94 stypticum, 48, 94 Colocynth, 94 Colocynthis, 94 Common salt, 205 Compound cathartic pills, 180 decoction of sarsaparilla, 199 enema of asafetida, 66 extract of colocynth, 94, 200 infusion of gentian, 1 18 of senna, 148, 201 iron mixture, 1 14 jalap powder, 133 licorice mixture, 141 powder, 141, 201 liniment of camphor, 142 of mustard, 142, 156 pill of soap, 180 pills of antimony, 180 of asafetida, 180 of iron, 114 powder of morphin, 172-219 rhubarb powder, 193 solution of iodin, 131 spirit of ether, 107 of juniper, 134 syrup of sarsaparilla, 199 of squill, 200 tincture of benzoin, 71 of cardamom, 83 of catechu, 84 of cinchona, 90 of gentian, 1 18 of lavender, 137 Condurango, 270 Condy's fluid, 147 Confection of rose, 193 of senna, 201 Confinement, table for calculating date of, 241 Conin hydrobromate, 94 286 INDEX, Conin-poisoning, 95 Coninae hydrobromas, 94 Conium, 95 Contraindication, 270 Convallaria, 95 Convallarin, 95 Convallarinum, 95 Convolvulin, 270 Copaiba, 95 resin of, 191 Copper, 95 arsenite, 96 nitrate, 96 sulphate, 96 -sulphate poisoning, 96 Corn-silk, 224 Cornutin, 271 Coronilla, 271 Corrosive sublimate, 150 antidotes of, 230 Cosaprin, 271 Cosmolin, 175 Couch grass, 218 Counterirritants, 26 Counterirritation, 271 Coxe's hive syrup, 60 Crane's pill, 118 Cream of tartar, 184 Creolin, 96 Creolinum, 96 Creosotal, 97 Creosote, 97 antidotes of, 231 carbonate, 97 mixture, 96 -water, 97 Creosotum, 97 Creta prgeparata, 85 Croton oil, 161 liniment, 142 poisoning, 161 Cubeb, 97 Cubeba, 97 Culver's root, 140 Cumulative action, 17, 271 Cupri arsenis, 96 nitras, 96 sulphas, 96 Cuprum, 95 Cusso, 73 Cyanid of potassium, antidotes of, 230 Dandelion, 214 Daturin, 207 Deadly nightshade, 69 Decoction of broom, 200 of cetraria, 85 of dock, 194 of eupatorium, 109 of geranium, 118 of krameria, 135 of lappa, 137 of poppy capsules, 183 of stillingia, 207 Decoctum cetrarias, 85 kramerise, 135 lappae, 137 sarsaparillae compositum, 199 Deliriants, 26 Demulcents, 27 in poisoning, 235 Deodorants, 27 Deodorized tincture of opium, 170 Depressants, cerebral, 25 uterine, n Dermatol, 73 Diachylon plaster, 139 Diaphoretics, 27 Diaphtherin, 271 Digestives, 26 Digitalin, 100 Digitalis, 98 antidotes of, 232 -poisoning, 99 Digitoxin, 100 Diphtheria antitoxin, 202 Direct antacids, 20 emetics, 28 Disease and dosage, 18 Disinfectants, 27 Disinfection, loo Disinfectol, 100 Disulphon-diethyl methane, 215 Diuretic, definition of, 271 Diuretics, 27 Diuretin, 100, 196 Donovan's solution, 37 Dosage, 18 Dose-list, 242 Dover's powder, 132, 170 Drastics, 25 Dried alum, 54 Drugs, classification of, 19 INDEX. 287 Drugs, duration of action of, 17 Dry inhalations, 15 Duboisin sulphate, 100 Duotol, 121 E. C. mixture, 104 Effervescent citrate of caffein, 78 lithium citrate, 143 magnesium citrate, 146 Egg albumin, 101 Elaterin, IOI Elaterium, 101 Elecampane, 127 Elixir of phosphorus, 177 phosphori, 1 77 Emetics, 28, 233 central, 28 direct, 28 indirect, 28 peripheral, 28 Emetin, 132 Emmenagogues, 28 Emplastrum asafcetidae, 66 belladonnse, 70 capsici, 83 chloroformi, 88 hydrargyri, 150 picis cantharidatum, 81 plumbi, 139 Emulsion of asafetida, 66 of chloroform, 88 of sweet almond, 53 Emulsum ammoniaci, 56 amygdalae, 53 Endermic medication, 15 Enema asafoetidae, 66 of aloes, 53 opii, 171 starch, 58 Eosote, 272 Ephedrin hydrochlorate, 102 Epispastics, 26 Epsom salt, 146 Ergot, 102 antidotes of, 231 -poisoning, 103 Ergota, 102 Erigeron, 103 Eriodictyon, 103 Erythroxylon, 91 Escharotics, 26 Eserin, 104 salicylate, 104, 178 sulphate, 104, 178 Essence of lemon, 140 of peppermint, 149 Essentia menthae piperitse, 149 Ether, 104 acetic, 107 essentials in the administration of, 104 hydriodic, 107 hydrobromic, 107 Ethyl bromid, 74, 107 chlorid, 108 iodid, 107, 130 urethane, 108, 219 Eucain, 272 Eucalyptol, 109 Eucalyptus, 108 oil of, 162 Euchinin, 272 Eudoxin, 272 Eugenol, 272 Euonymin, 109 Euonymus, 109 Eupatorium, 109 Europhen, 109 Europhin, no Europhinum, no Exalgiu, no Expectorants, 29 nauseating, 29 stimulant, 29 Extract of aconite, 49 fluid, 50 of aloes, 53 of arnica root, 65 of belladonna, alcoholic, 70 fluid, 70 of cannabis indica, 81 of cascara sagrada, 84 of chamomile, 59 fluid, 59 of cimicifuga, 90 of cinchona, 90 of colchicum root, 93 of colocynth, 94 of conium, 95 of cusso, fluid, 73 of digitalis, 99 of ergot, 103 288 INDEX. Extract of euonymus, 109 of gentian, 117 of hematoxylin, 144 of hyoscyamus, 125 of iris, 132 of krameria, 135 of leptandra, 141 of licorice, 141 of malt, 146 of nux vomica, 161 of opium, 170 of physostigma, 178 of podophyllum, 183 of poppy, capsules, 183 of pulsatilla, 187 of quassia, 189 of rhubarb, 192 of stramonium, 207 of taraxacum, 214 of uva ursi, 220 Extractum aconiti, 49 fluidum, 50 anthemidis, 59 fluidum, 59 arnicae radicis, 65 fluidum, 65 aromaticum fluidum, 91 asclepiadis fluidum, 66 aurantii amari fluidum, 68 belladonnae alcoholicum, 70 fluidum, 70 buchu fluidum, 76 cacti grandiflori fluidum, 77 calami fluidum, 78 calumbae fluidum, 78 cannabis indicae, 81 fluidum, 81 capsici fluidum, 8^ cascarae sagradae, 84 fluidum, 84 chimaphilae fluidum, 86 chiratae fluidum, 86 cimicifugae, 90 fluidum, 90 cinchonas, 90 fluidum, 90 cocae fluidum, 91 colchici radicis, 93 fluidum, 93 seminis fluidum, 94 colocynthidis, 94 Extractum colocynthidis composi- tum, 94, 200 convallariae fluidum, 95 conii, 95 fluidum, 95 cubebae fluidum, 97 cusso fluidum, 73 digitalis, 99 fluidum, 99 ergotaa, 103 liquidum, 103 eriodictyi fluidum, 103 eucalypti fluidum, 108 euonymi, 109 eupatorii fluidum, 109 gelsemii fluidum, 117 gentianae, 117 fluidum, 117 geranii fluidum, 118 glycyrrhizae, 141 fluidum, 141 purum, 141 grindelire fluidum, 120 guaranae fluidum, 1 22 haematoxyli, 144 fluidum, 144 hamamelidis fluidum, 122 hydrastis fluidum, 123 hyoscyami, 125 fluidum, 125 ipecacuanhse fluidum, 131 iridis, 132 fluidum, 132 jalapae alcoholicum, 133 krameriae, 135 fluidum, 135 lappae fluidum, 137 leptandrae, 141 fluidum, 141 lobeliae fluidum, 144 matico fluidum, 148 mezerei fluidum, 154 nucis vomicae, 161 fluidum, 161 opii, 170 ' liquidum, 170 papaveris, 183 pareirae fluidum, 174 physostigmatis, 178 phytolaccae radicis fluidum, 179 pilocarpi fluidum, 181 INDEX. 289 Extractum piscidae erythrinae fluidum, 182 podophylli, 183 fluidum, 183 pruni virginianse fluidum, 186 Pulsatillas, 187 fluidum, 187 quassiae, 189 fluidum, 189 rhei, 192 fluidum, 192 rhois glabrae fluidum, 193 rosae fluidum, 193 rubi fluidum, 194 rumicis fluidum, 194 sabinae fluidum, 195 sanguinariae fluidum, 198 sarsaparillae fluidum, 199 scillse fluidum, 200 scopariae fluidum, 200 senegae fluidum, 201 sennae fluidum, 201 serpentariae fluidum, 202 spigeliae fluidum, 207 stillingiae fluidum, 207 stramonii seminis, 207 fluidum, 208 taraxaci, 214 fluidum, 514 uvae ursi, 220 fluidum, 220 Valerianae fluidum, 220 veratri viridis fluidum, 222 viburni prunifolii fluidum, 223 xanthoxyli fluidum, 223 zeae fluidum, 224 zingiberis fluidum, 1 18 Febrifuges, 22, 30 Fel bovis, no purificatum, HO Feniculum, no Fennel, 116 Ferratin, 272 Ferri arsenas, 1 1 1 bromidum, 1 13 carbonas saccharatus, 1 1 1 chloridum, 1 1 1 citras, 112 et ammonii citras, 1 1 2 sulphas, 113 19 Ferri et potassii tartras, 112 et quininae citras, 1 1 2 hypophosphis, 1 1 2 lactas, 112 oxidum hydratum, 113 cum magnesia, 113 phospbas, 113 pyrophosphas, 113 salicylas, 112 subsulphas, 114 sulphas, 113 granulatus, 113 valerianas, 1 13, 220 Ferric chlorid, in citrate, 112 hydrate, 113 with magnesia, 1 13 hypophosphite, 112 salicylate, 1 12 Ferrous bromid, 113 lactate, 112 sulphate, 113 Ferrum, in redactum, 1 13 Ficus, 115 Figs, 115 Filix Mas, 66 Flaxseed, 142 oil, 163 tea, 142 Fleabane, 103 Flexible collodion, 94 Fluid extract of asclepias, 66 of belladonna, 70 of berbcris, 72 of bitter orange, 68 of blackberry, 194 of blood-root, 198 of broom, 200 of buchu, 76 of calamus, 78 of calumba, 78 of cannabis indica, 81 of capsicum, 83 of cascara sagrada, 84 of chimaphila, 86 of cliiretta, 86 of cimicifuga, 90 of cinchona, 90 of coca, 91 of colchicum root, 93 290 INDEX. Fluid extract of colchicum seed, 94 of conium, 95 of convallaria, 95 of cubeb, 97 of cusso, 73 of digitalis, 99 of dock, 194 of ergot, 103 of eriodictyon, 103 of eucalyptus, 108 of eupatorium, 109 ofgelsemium, 117 of gentian, 117 of geranium, 1 18 of ginger, 118 of grindelia, 120 of guarana, 122 of hamamelis, 122 of hematoxylin, 144 of hydrastis, 123 of hyoscyamus, 125 of ipecac, 131 of iris, 132 of jumbul, 133 of krameria, 135 of lappa, 137 of leptandra, 141 of licorice, 141 of lobelia, 144 of matico, 148 of mezereum, 154 of nux vomica, 161 of pareira, 174 of phytolacca root, 179 of pilocarpin, 181 of piscidia erythrina, 182 of podophyllum, 183 of prunus virginiana, 186 of pulsatilla, 187 of quassia, 189 of rhubarb, 192 of rhus glabra, 193 of rose, 193 of sarsaparilla, 199 of savin, 195 of senega, 201 of senna, 201 of serpentaria, 202 of spigelia, 207 of squill, 200 of stillingia, 207 Fluid extract of stramonium, 208 of taraxacum, 214 of uva ursi, 220 of valerian, 220 of veratrum viride, 222 of viburnum, 223 of xanthoxylum, 223 of zea, 224 Formaldehyd, 115 Formalin, 115 Formic aldehyd, 1 15 Formol, 115 Fowler's solution, 37 dosage chart of, 38 Foxglove, 98 Friar's balsam, 71 Fuchsin, 272 Fumigation by sulphur, 211 Gaietol, 272 Galla, 116 Gallanol, 116 Gallic acid, 42 Gallobromol, 273 Garlic, 51 Gastric tonics, 32 Gaultheria, 117 oil of, 162 Gelsemin, 117 Gelsemium, 117 -poisoning, 11.7 General anesthetics, 20 anodynes, 21 remedies, 9 Gentian, 1 17 Gentiana, 117 Geosote, 273 Geranium, 118 German chamomile, 148 Gin, 51, 134 Ginger, 118 Glonoin, 158 Glossary, 267 Glucidum, 195 Glutol, 273 Glycerin, 119 enema, 119 suppositories, 1 19 Glycerinum, 119 Glycerite of carbolic acid, 1 19 of hydrastis, 124 INDEX. 2 9 : Glycerite of starch, 119 of tannic acid, 48, 119 of yolk of egg, 119 Glyceritum acidi carbolici, 1 19 tannici, 119 amyli, 119 hydrastis, 124 vitelli, 119 Glycyrrhiza, 141 Glycyrrhizinum ammoniatum, 141 Gold, 68 and potassium bromid, 68 and sodium chlorid, 68 chlorid, 68 -poisoning, 68 Golden seal, 123 Goulard's cerate, 137 extract, 140 Granatum, 120 Granulated ferrous sulphate, 113 Gray powder, 152 Griffith's mixture, 1 14 Grindelia, 120 Guaiac, 120 Guaiaci lignum, 120 resin, 120 Guaiacol, 121 and cinnamyl chlorid, 214 benzoyl, 121 biiodid, 122 bisulphonate of quinin, 122 carbonate, 121 salicylate, 121, 196 Guaiac oli carbonas, 121 salicylas, 121 valerianas, 122 Guaiacolum, 121 Guaiacum wood, 120 Guaiaquin, 122 Guarana, 122 Habit, drug-, 19 Hamamelis, 122 Hard petroleum ointment, 1 75 Heavy magnesia, 145 Hedeoma, 122 Helleborein, 122 Hematoxylon, 144 Hemlock, 95 Hemogallol, 273 Hemoglobin, 273 Hemol, 273 Hemostatics, 30 Hemp, Canadian, 62 Henbane, 125 Hoffmann's anodyne, 107 Holocain, 273 Homatropin hydrobromate, 1 23 Homatropinae hydrobromas, 123 Honey, 148 of rose, 148, 194 Horehound, 148 Husband's magnesia, 145 Hydracetin, 273 Hydragogues, 25 Hydrargyri chloridum corrosivum, 150 mite, 151 cyanidum, 151 iodidum fiavum, 15 1 rubrum, 151 oxidum fiavum, 15 1 salicylas, 152 subsulphas flavus, 152 Hydrargyrol, 273 Hydrargyrum, 149 ammoniatum, 152 cum creta, 152 Hydrastin, 124 hydrochlorate, 124 Hydrastis, 123 Hydrated oxid of iron, 113 Hydriodic acid, dilute, 42 ether, 107 Hydrobromic acid, dilute, 42 ether, 107 Hydrochloric acid, 42 antidotes of, 230 dilute, 43 Hydrocyanic acid, 43 antidotes of, 230 -poisoning, 43 Hydrogen dioxid, 124 peroxid, 124 Hydronaphthol, 157 Hydrous wool-fat, 50 Hyoscin hydrobromate, 1 25 Hyoscinae hydrobromas, 125 Hyoscyamin hydrobromate, 125 sulphate, 125 Hyoscyaminae hydrobromas, 125 sulphas, 125 292 INDEX. Hyoscyamus, 125 -poisoning, 126 Hypnal, 126 Hypnone, 34, 126 Hypnotics, 30 Hypodermic administration of medi- cines, 11 injection, II tablets, list of, 240 Hypodermoclysis, 273 Hypophosphite of iron, 112 Iceland moss, 84 Ichthalbin, 126 Ichthyol, 126 albuminate, 126 Idiosyncrasy, 17, 273 Ignatia, 127 Indian cannabis, 81 hemp, 81 tobacco, 144 Indirect emetics, 28 Infusion of asclepias, 66 of buchu, 76 of calamus, 78 of chamomile, 59 of cloves, 84 of cusso, 74 of digitalis, 99 of eupatorium, 109 of fennel, III of ginger, 119 of kino, 134 of lobelia, 144 of prunus virginiana, 1 86 of quassia, 189 of rhus glabra, 193 of spigelia, 207 of zea, 224 Infusum anthemidis, 59 asclepiadis, 66 caryophylli, 84 digitalis, 99 gentianae compositum, Il8 kino, 34 lobelise, 144 pruni virginianse, 186 quassise, 189 sennae compositum, 201 zingiberis, 119 Inhalation, 14 Inhalation of creosote, 97 Inhalations, dry, 15 moist, 15 Injection, hypodermic, II intravenous, 13 Inspissated ox-gall, no Intravenous injection, 13 Inula, 127 Inulin, 127 Inunction, 13 mercurial, 13 Iodid of ammonium, 130 of ethyl, 130 of lead, 139 of potassium, 130 of sodium, 130 of strontium, 130 of zinc, 131 Iodin, 129 antidotes of, 23 1 -poisoning, 129 Iodism, 129 Iodoform, 127 ointment, 128 -poisoning, 128 spray, 128 suppositories, 128 Iodoformogen, 273 Iodoformum, 127 Iodol, 128 Iodophenin, 273 Iodopyrin, 129 Iodothyrin, 129 Iodum, 129 Ipecac, 131 as an emetic, 234 Ipecacuanha, 131 Iris, 132 Iron, in and ammonium citrate, 1 12 sulphate, 113 and potassium tartrate, 112 and strychnin citrate, 1 12 Irritant poisons, 226 antidotes for, 229 Itrol, 273 Izol, 273 JABORANDI, Jalap, 132 resin of, 191 80 INDEX. 293 Jamaica dogwood, 182 Jambul, 133 James powder, 133 Jamestown weed, 207 Juniper, 133 berries, 133 oil of, 162 Juniperus, 133 Kairin, 273 Kamala, 134 Kava kava, 273 Kino, 134 Koch's lymph, 218 Kola, 273 Koumyss, 134 Kousso, 73 Krameria, 135 Kryofin, 274 L. AND L. SOLUTION, 1 39 Labarraque's solution, 87 Lactate of iron, 1 12 Lactic acid, 44 Lactopeptin, 135 Lactophenin, 136 Lactose, 136 Lactucarium, 136 Lactucin, 136 Lactyl-para-phenetidin, 136 Lady Webster dinner-pills, 180 Lamellae, 136 atropinse, 136 cocaina?, 136 physostigmina?, 136, 178 Lanolin, 50, 136 Lappa, 137 Lard, prepared, 50 Largin, 274 Laudanum, 170 Laughing-gas, 159 Lavandula, 137 Lavender, 137 flowers, 137 oil of, 163 Laxatives, 24 Lead, 137 acetate, 138 and opium pill, 139 carbonate, 139 iodid, 139 Lead oxid, 139 plaster, 139 -poisoning, 138 -water and laudanum, 139 Lemon-juice, 140 -peel, 140 Leptandra, 140 Lettuce, 136 Licorice, 141 Light magnesia, 145 Lily of the valley, 95 Lime, 79 liniment, 141 syrup of, 80 -water, 79 Limonis cortex, 140 Liniment, aconite, 50 belladonna, 70 of subacetate of lead, 139 Linimentum ammonia?, 141 belladonna?, 70, 141 calcis, 79, 141 camphora?, 80, 142 chloroformi, 88, 1 42 crotonis, 142 opii, 171 plumbi subacetatis, 139 saponis, 80, 142 sinapis compositum, 142, 156 terebinthina?, 142 Linseed, 142 oil, 163 Linum, 142 Lipanin, 142 Liquid extract of ergot, 103 of opium, 170 petroleum, 175 Liquor acidi arsenosi, 37 ammonia? acetatis, 55 fortior, 55 arseni bromidi, 37 et hydrargyri iodidi, 37 calcis, 79 ferri chloridi, 1 12 et ammonii acetatis, 114 subsulphatis, 1 14 hydrargyri nitralis, 152 iodi compositus, 131 lithia? effervescens, 143 magnesii carbonatis, 146 citratis, 146 294 INDEX. Liquor morphinae bimeconatis, 172 sulphatis, 172 plumbi subacetatis, 140 potassse, 186 potassii citratis, 188 sodas chloratae, 87 soclii arsenatis, 37 zinci chloridi, 224 Litharge, 139 Lithia water, 143 Lithii benzoas, 71 bromidum, 74 carbon as, 143 citras, 143 effervescens, 143 salicylas, 143, 196 Lithium, 143 benzoate, 71 bromid, 74 carbonate, 143 citrate, 143 salicylate, 143, 196 Lobelia, 144 -poisoning, 144 Lobelin, 144 Local anesthetics, 20 anodynes, 21 astringents, 23 remedies, 9 Lockjaw-serum, 203 Logwood, 144 London paste, 79 Losophen, 144 Lotio hydrargyri flava, 1 52 nigra, 152 Lugol's solution, 131 Lunar caustic, 64 Lycetal, 274 Lycopodium, 145 Lye, 184 Lysidin, 274 Lysol, 145 Magendie's solution of morphin, 172 Magnesia, 145 ponderosa, 145 Magnesii carbonas, 146 citras effervescens, 146 Magnesium, 145 carbonate, 146 Magnesium sulphate, 146 Malakin, 274 Male fern, 66 Malt, 146 Maltum, 146 Manganese, 146 sulphate, 147 Mangani oxidum nigrum, 1 47 sulphas, 147 Manganous sulphate, 147 Manganum, 146 Manna, 147 Marrubium, 148 Marsh mallow, 53 Massa hydrargyri, 1 52 Materia medica defined, 9 Matico, 147 Matricaria, 148 May-apple, 182 Medication, avenues of, 10 by mouth, 10 by rectum, 1 1 endermic, 15 hypodermic, II Medicines, absorption of, 1 6 Mel, 148 despurnatum, 148 rosse, 148, 194 Mentha piperita, 149 viridis, 149 Menthol, 149 Mercurial inunction, 13 ointment, 153 plaster, 150 poisoning, 150 Mercuric chlorid, 150 cyanid, 151 salicylate, 152, 196 Mercury, 149 with chalk, 152 Metadioxy benzol, 192 Methacetin, 153 Methyl acetanilid, no -blue, 187 chlorid, 153 salicylate, 153, 196 -violet, 187 Methylal, 274 Methylene-blue, 154 chlorid, 154 Metric system, 237 INDEX. 295 Mezereum, 154 Microcidin, 274 Migrainin, 274 Mild mercurous chlorid, 15 1 Mindererus, spirit of, 55 Mineral waters, 235 Mistura creosoti, 96 cretse, 85 ferri composita, 114 glycyrrhizae composita, 141 Mitigated caustic, 64 Moist inhalations, 15 Monkshood, 49 Monobromated camphor, 80 Monsel's salt, 114 solution, 114 Morphin, 171 acetate, 172 antidotes of, 232 sulphate, 172 Morphina, 1 71 Morrhuse oleum, 154 Moschus, 154 Mouth, medication by, 10 Muriatic acid, 42 Mushrooms, antidotes of, 233 Musk, 154 Mussanin, 274 Mustard, 154 as an emetic, 234 fomentation, 155 paper, 155 plaster, 155 poultice, 156 Mydriatics, 30 Myotics, 30 ' Myristica, 156 Myrrh, 156 Myrrha, 156 Napellin, 274 Naphtalene, 157 Naphtalin, 157 Naphthalan, 274 Naphthalol, 72 Naphthosalol, 72 Naphtol, 157 Narcein, 157 Narceina ; 157 Narcotic poisons, 227 antidotes of, 231 Narcotics, 31 Nauseating expectorants, 29 Nerve-sedatives, 31 -stimulants, 31 Neurodin, 158 Niaouli oil, 158 Nicotin, antidotes of, 232 Night-blooming cereus, 77 Nitrate of copper, 96 of lead, 140 of potassium, 183 paper, 183 Nitric acid, 44 antidotes of, 230 dilute, 44 poisoning, 45 Nitrite of amyl, antidotes of, 233 of potassium, 158 of sodium, 158 Nitroglycerin, 1 58 Nitrohydrochloric acid, 45 Nitromuriatic acid, 45 poisoning, 45 Nitrous oxid gas, 1 59 Normal liquid ipecac, 132 salt solution, 197,205 Norwood's tincture of veratrum viride, 222 Nosophen, 274 Nuclein, 159 Nutgall, 116 ointment, 1 16 Nutmeg, 156 oil of, 164 Nutrose, 274 Nux vomica, 160 antidotes of, 232 Oil of allspice, 165 of anise, 58 of bitter almond, 52 of caraway, 83 of chamomile, 59 of chenopodium, 85 of cinnamon, 91 of cloves, 84 of copaiba, 95 of cubeb, 98 of eucalyptus, 108, 1 62 of fennel, no of hedeoma, 162 296 INDEX. Oil of juniper, 134, 162 of lavender, 137, 163 of lemon, 140 of nutmeg, 156, 164 of pennyroyal, 122, 162 of peppermint, 149, 163 of pimenta, 165 of rose, 193 of rosemary, 165 of savin, 165, 195 of spearmint, 149 of sweet almond, expressed, 53 of tar, 164, 182 of theobroma, 167 of turpentine, 166 of valerian, 221 of vitriol, 47 of wintergreen, 162 Ointment, belladonna, 70 of nutgall and opium, 116 of tannic acid, 48 of veratrin, 221 Oleate of mercury and lead plaster, 150 of veratrin, 221 Oleatum veratrinae, 221 zinci, 225 Oleic acid, 45 Oleoresin of aspidium, 67 of capsicum, 83 of cubeb, 98 of ginger, 118 Oleoresina aspidii, 67 capsici, 8^ cubebae, 98 zingiberis, 118 Oleum amygdalae amarse, 52 expressum, 53 anisi, 58 anthemidis, 59 cari, 83 caryophylli, 84 chenopodii, 85 cinnamomi, 91 copaibae, 95 crotonis, 161 cubebae, 98 erigerontis, 103 eucalypti, 108, 162 fceniculi, no gaultheriae, 162 Oleum hedeomse, 122, 162 juniperi, 134, 162 lavandulae, 137, 163 limonis, 140 lini, 163 menthae piperitae, 149, 163 viridis, 149 morrhuae, 1 63 myristicae, 156, 164 olivae, 164 phosphoratum, 164, 177 picis liquidae, 164, 182 pimentae, 165 ricini, 165 rosse, 193 rosmarini, 165 sabinae, 165, 195 santali, 166 sinapis volatile, 166 terebinthlnae, 166 theobromatis, 167 tiglii, 161 Valerianae, 221 Olive oil, 164 Opium, 167 antidotes of, 232 enema, 171 liniment, 171 plaster, 17 1 -poisoning, 168 Orange, 67 -peel, bitter, 68 sweet, 67 Orexin, 173 Orphol, 275 Orthin, 173 Orthoform, 275 Otto of rose, 193 Ouabain, 173 Ovi albumin, 1 01 vitellus, 101 Oxalic acid, 46 antidotes of, 230 poisoning, 46 Ox-gall, 310 Oxymel, 148 Oxytocics, 31 Pale rose, 193 Pancreatin, 173, 275 Papain, 174 INDEX. 297 Papaveris capsulse, 183 Papayotin, 174 Papayotinum, 174 Paraform, 275 Paraldehyd, 174 Paramorphin, 1 73 Paregoric, 17 1 Pareira, 174 brava, 174 Paris green, antidotes of, 230 Pearson's solution, 37 Pelletierin tannate, 174 Pelletierinas tannas, 120 Pellitory, 188 Pellotin, 275 Pennyroyal, 122 oil of, 162 Pental, 275 Pepo, 174 Peppermint, 149 camphor, 149 oil of, 163 troches of, 149 -water, 149 Pepsin, 174 Pepsi num, 174 saccharatum, 175 Perchlorid of iron, ill Percolation, 275 Peripheral emetics, 88 Periplocin, 275 Peronin, 275 Peruvian bark, 90 Petrolatum liquidum, 175 molle, 175 spissum, 175 Phenacetin, 175 Phenalgin, 176 Phenic acid, 40 Phenidin, 176 Phenocoll hydrochlorate, 176 Phenol, 40 Phenosalyl, 275 Phenyl salicylate, 197 urethane, no Phesin, 275 Phosphate of iron, 113 Phosphid of zinc, 177 Phosphites, preparations of, 178 Phosphorated oil, 164, 177 Phosphoric acid, antidotes of, 230 Phosphoric acid, dilute, 46 Phosphorus, 176 antidotes of, 231 -poisoning, 177 Physostigma, 178 -poisoning, 178 Physostigmin salicylate, 178 sulphate, 178 Phytolacca berry, 179 fruit, 179 root, 179 Picrotoxin, 179 Pills of aloes, 1 79 and asafetida, 179 and iron, 180 and mastich, 180 and myrrh, 157, 180 of morphin, 180 of opium, 180 of phosphorus, 178, 180 of rhubarb, 193 Pilocarpin hydrochlorate, 181 nitrate, 1 81 Pilocarpine hydrochloras, 181 nitras, 1S1 Pilocarpus, 180 Pilula saponis composita, 180 Pilulas aloes, 179 et asafcetidae, 179 et ferri, 180 et mastiches, 180 et myrrhse, 157, 1 80 antirnonii composita?, 180 asafoetidas compositae, 180 ferri carbonatis, 1 14, 1 80 composita;, 114 morphine, 1 80 opii, 180 et plumbi, 139 phosphorati, 178, 180 rhei, 193 Pink root, 207 Piperazin, 182 Pipsissewa, 86 Piscidia erythrina, 182 Pitch-plaster with cantharides, 81 Pix liquida, 182 Placebo, 275 Plasmins, 275 Plaster, belladonna, 70 of asafetida, 66 298 INDEX. Pleurisy root, 66 Plumbi acetas, 138 carbonas, 139 iodidum, 139 nitras, 140 oxidum, 139 Plumbum, 137 Plummer's pills, 180 Podophyllin, 183 Podophyllum, 182 resin of, 191 Poison defined, 226 -emergencies, 226 -ivy, antidotes of, 231 Poisons, action of, 226 and their antidotes, 229 classification of, 226 irritant, 226 narcotic, 227 Poisoning, acetanilid-, 34 acetic-acid, 35 aconite-, 49 alcohol-, 51 ammonia-, 54 amyl-nitrite, 57 amylene-hydrate, 57 antimony-, 60 antipyrin-, 61 arsenical, 36 atropin-, 67 belladonna-, 69 caffein-, 77 camphor-, 80 cantharides-, 82 carbolic-acid, 40 chloral-, 86 chloroform-, 89 cocain-, 92 codein-, 93 colchicin-, 93 conin-, 95 copper-sulphate, 96 croton-oil, 161 digitalis-, 99 ergot-, 103 gelsemium-, 1 17 gold-, 68 hydrocyanic-acid, 43 hyoscyamus-, 126 iodin-, 129 iodoform-, 128 Poisoning, lead-, 137 lobelia-, 144 mercurial, 150 nitric-acid, 45 nitromuriatic-acid, 45 opium-, 168 oxalic-acid, 46 potassium- chlorate, 88 phosphorus-, 177 physostigma-, 178 potassa-, 184 prussic-acid, 43 silver-nitrate, 64 strychnin-, 160, 209 sulphuric-acid, 48 tartaric-acid, 48 turpentine-, 167 veratrin-, 221 veratrum-viride, 222 what to do in, 228 Poke-berry, 179 Pokeroot, 179 Pomegranate, 120 Poppy capsules, 183 Port wine, 51 Porter, 51 Potash, antidotes of, 230 Potassa, 184 cum calce, 79 -poisoning, 184 solution of, 186 sulphurata, 213 Potassii acetas, 184 bicarbonas, 184 bitartras, 184 bromidum, 74 carbonas, 185 chloras, 87, 185 citras, 185 cyanidum, 185 et sodii tartras, 1 85 iodidum, 130 nitras, 183 permanganas, 147 Potassium, 183 acetate, 184 and sodium tartrate, 185 arsenite, solution of, 37 bicarbonate, 184 bitartrate, 184 bromid, 74 INDEX. 299 Potassium, carbonate, 1 85 antidotes of, 230 chlorate, 87, 185 poisoning, 88 troches, 186 citrate, 185 cyanid, 185 ichthyosulphate, 127 iodid, 130 nitrite, 158, 183 permanganate, 147 tellurate, 186 Poultice, starch, 58 Powder of cubeb, 97 of iron, 113 of ipecac and opium, 132 Powdered opium, 170 Precipitated calcium carbonate, 78 phosphate, 177 carbonate of zinc, 224 sulphur, 213 Prepared chalk, 85 lard, 50 Prickly ash, 223 Protargol, 275 Protein, 275 Protiodid of mercury, 15 1 Protonuclein, 159 Prune, 186 Prunum, 186 Prunus virginiana, 186 Prussic acid, 43 antidotes of, 230 poisoning, 43 Pulmonary sedatives, 32 Pulsatilla, 187 Pulvis aromaticus, 83, 91, 156 effervescens compositus, 206 glycyrrhizre compositus, 141 ipecacuanhas et opii, 132, 170 jalapas compositus, 133 morphinae compositus, 172, 219 opii, 170 rhei compositus, 193 Pumpkin seed, 174 Pure extract of licorice, 141 Purgative waters, 236 Purgatives, 25 Purified ox-gall, no Pyoktanin, 187 Pyraloxin, 275 Pyramidon, 275 Pyrantin, 275 Pyrazol, 275 Pyrethrum, 188 Pyridin, 188 Pyrogallic acid, 188 Pyrogallol, 188 Pyrophosphate of iron, 113 Quassia, 188 Quassin, 189 Queen's root, 207 Quercus alba, 189 Quicksilver, 149 Quinia, 190 Quinidin, 189 sulphate, 189 tan n ate, 189 Quinin, 190 antidotes of, 233 bisulphate, 1 90 chlorhydrosulphate, 191 hydrobromate, 191 hydrochlorate, 191 salicylate, 191 valerianate, 191, 220 Quininse bisulphas, 190 hydrochloras, 191 salicylas, 191 valerianas, 1 9 1, 220 Quinoidin, 191 Raspberry, 194 Rectum, medication by, II Red mercuric iodid, 151 rose, 193 wine, 51 Reduced iron, 113 Refrigerant diuretics, 27 j Refrigerants, 31 Remote antacids, 20 astringents, 23 Resin, 191 of copaiba, 95, 191 of jalap, 191, 133 of podophyllum, 191 of scammony, 191, 200 Resina, 191 copaibas, 95, 191 jalapas, 133, 191 podophylli, 1 91 300 INDEX. Resina scammonii, 191, 200 Resorbin, 276 Resorcin, 102 Resorcinum, 192 Respiratory sedatives, 32 stimulants, 32 Retinol, 276 Rhatany, 135 Rheum, 192 Rhigolene, 276 Rhubarb, 192 Rhus glabra, 193 Rochelle salt, 185 Rosa centifolia, 193 gallica, 193 Rose- water, 193 Rosemary, 194 Rosmarinus, 194 Rottlera, 134 Rubefacients, 26 Rubus, 194 idseus, 194 Rumex, 194 Sabina, 194 Saccharated carbonate of iron, ill pepsin, 175 Saccharin, 195 Saccharum lactis, 136, 195 Sage, 198 Saigon cinnamon, 91 Salacetol, 276 Saleratus, 184 Salicin, 195 Salicinum, 195 Salicylamid, 195 Salicylate of iron, 1 12 of theobromin and sodium, 100 Salicyl-brominilid, 96 Salicylic acid, 47 Saline solution, 197 waters, 236 Salipyrin, 61, 197 Salitannol, 276 Salol, 197 Salophen, 198 Sal soda, 205 Saltpetre, 183 Salvia, 198 Sanatogen, 276 Sandal- wood oil, 166 Sanguinaria, 198 Sanoform, 276 Sanose, 276 Santonin, 199 Sarsaparilla, 199 Savin, 194 oil of, 165 Scammonium, 199 Scammony, 199 resin of, 191 Scilla, 200 Sclerotic acid, 47 Scoparin, 200 Scoparius, 200 Scopolamin, 200 hydrochlorid, 201 Sedatives, cardiac, 24 nerve-, 3 1 pulmonary, 32 respiratory, 31 vascular, ^Z vesical, ^ Seidlitz powder, 206 Senega, 201 Senna, 201 Serpentaria, 201 Serum, antistreptococcic, 203 antitetanic, 203 antitubercle, 203 Serums, 202 Sex and dosage, 18 Sherry wine, 51 Silver, 64 iodid, 64 nitrate, 64 diluted, 64 moulded, 64 poisoning, 64 oxid, 64 Sinapis, 154 alba, 154 nigra, 154 Smooth sumach, 193 Soap-and-opium liniment, 142 Soap liniment, 80, 142 Socotrine aloes, 53 Sodii arsenas, 37 benzoas, 71 bi carbon as, 204 boras, 40 bromidum, 75 INDEX. 301 Sodii carbonas, 205 chloras, 205 chloridum, 205 iodidum, 130 salicylas, 196 santoninas, 206 Sodium, 204 arsenate, 37 solution of, 37 benzoate, 71 biborate, 73 bicarbonate, 204 borate, 40 bromid, 75 carbonate, 205 antidotes of, 230 chlorate, 205 chlorid, 205 iodid, 130, 206 nitrite, 158 salicylate, 196 santoninate, 206 sulphocarbolate, 41 Soft petrolatum, 175 Solution, Clemens', 37 Donovan's, 37 Fowler's, 37 Labarraque's, 87 of acetate of iron and ammonia, 114 of arsenic bromid, 37 and mercuric iodid, 37 of arsenous acid, 37 of bimeconate of morphin, 1 72 of chlorinated soda, 87 of ferric chlorid, 112 of lime, 79 of mercuric nitrate, 152 of morphin sulphate, 172 of potassa, 186 of potassium arsenite, 37 citrate, 186 of sodium arsenate, 37 of sulphate of iron, 1 14 of zinc chlorid, 224 Pearson's, 37 Solutol, 276 Somnal, 206 Sozoiodol, 206 Spanish fly, 81 Spartein, 206 Spartein sulphate, 207 Spasmotin, 276 Spearmint, 149 -water, 149 Spermaceti, 84 Spigelia, 207 Spirit of ammonia, 55 of anise, 59 of bitter almond, 52 of ether, 107 of juniper, 134 of mindererus, 55 of nitrous ether, 107 of nutmeg, 156 Spirits of camphor, 80 of chloroform, 88 of cinnamon, 91 of lavender, 137 Spiritus setheris, 107 compositus, 107 nitrosi, 103 ammoniac, 55 amygdalae am arse, 52 anisi, 59 camphorae, 80 chloroformi, 88 cinnamomi, 91 frumenti, 51 juniperi, 134 compositus, 134 lavandula?, 137 limonis, 140 myristicae, 156 vini gallici, 51 Squibb's diarrhea mixture, 17] Squill, 200 compound syrup of, 60 Squirting cucumber, IOI Starch, 58 enema, 58 poultice, 58 Stigmata maydis, 224 St. Ignatius's bean, 127 Stillingia, 207 Stimulant diuretics, 27 expectorants, 29 Stimulants, cardiac, 24 cerebral, 25 nerve-, 31 respiratory, 32 vascular, 33 302 INDEX. St. Jacob's oil, 50 Stomachics, 32 Stramonium leaves, 207 seed, 207 Stronger rose-water, 1 93 Strontii bromid, 75 iodidum, 130 Strontium bromid, 75 iodid, 130 salicylate, 196 Strophanthin, 208 Strophanthus, 208 Strychnin, 160, 208 antidotes of, 232 arsenate, 210 -poisoning, 160, 209 sulphate, 209 Strychninae sulphas, 209 Strychnos ignatii, 127 Styptic collodion, 48, 94 Stypticin, 210 Styptics, 30 Styracol, 214, 276 Styron, 214 Subacetate of lead solution, 139 Subcutaneous injection, II Sublimed sulphur, 212 Succus limonis, 140 Sugar of lead, 138 of milk, 136, 195 Sulphaminol, 21 1 Sulphate of copper, 96 as an emetic, 234 of iron, 1 1 3 of lobelin, 144 of zinc as an emetic, 234 Sulphocarbolate of sodium, 41 Sul phonal, 210 Sulphur, 211 fumigation, 21 1 iodid, 213 lotum, 213 ointment, 213 prsecipitatum, 213 sublimatum, 212 Sulphurated lime, 79, 213 potassa, 213 Sulphuretted waters, 237 Sulphuric acid, 47 antidotes of, 230 dilute, 47 Sulphuric-acid poisoning, 48 Sulphurous acid, 48 Sumbul, 214 Suppositoria glycerini, 1 19 iodoformi, 128 Suppositories of asafetida, 66 Suprarenal gland, 213 Sweet almond, 52 emulsion of, 53 expressed oil of, 53 syrup of, 53 flag, 78 spirit of nitre, 107 tincture of rhubarb, 192 Synaptase, 277 Syrup of bitter almond, 52 of blackberry, 194 of bromid of iron, 113 of ginger, 118 of iodid of iron, 112, 1 14 of ipecac, 13 1 of krameria, 135 of lactucarium, 136 of lime, 80 of poppy capsules, 183 of prunus virginiana, 187 of rhubarb, 192 of rose, 194 of senega, 201 of squill, 200 compound, 60 of sweet almond, 53 of tar, 182 of the phosphates of iron, quinin, and strychnin, 114 of tolu, 69 Syrupus allii, 52 amygdalae, 53 amarae, 52 calcis, 80 ferri bromidi, 1 13 iodidi, 112, 114 quininae, et strychninae phos- phatum, 1 14 ipecacuanha?, 131 kramerias, 135 lactucarium, 136 papaveris, 183 picis liquidae, 182 pruni virginianae, 1 87 rhei, 192 INDEX. 303 Syrupus rhei aromaticus, 192 rosae, 194 rubi, 194 idaei, 194 sarsaparillae compositus, 199 scillae, 200 compositus, 60, 200 senegas, 201 zingiberis, 118 Taka diastase, 277 Tannalbin, 277 Tannate of cannabin, 81 of pelletierine, 120 of quinidin, 189 Tannic acid, 48 glycerite of, 48 ointment, 48 troches of, 48 Tannigen, 277 Tannoform, 277 Tannon, 277 Tanosol, 277 Tanret's pelletierine, 120 Tar, 182 ointment, 182 -water, 182 Taraxacum, 214 Tartar emetic, 59, 235 Tartaric acid, 48 antidotes of, 230 poisoning, 48 Temperature and dosage, 19 Temperatures, comparative, 239 Tenalin, 277 Tenerin, 277 Terebene, 214 Terebinthina, 214 Terpin hydrate, 215 Terpinol, 215 Tetronal, 215 Thallin, 215 Thea camellia, 215 Thebain, 173 Theobromin and sodium salicylate, 196 Thermodin, 277 Thiersch powder, 216 Thilonin, 277 Thiol, 216 Thioresorcin, 277 Thiosinamin, 277 Thioxydiphenylamin, 211 Thoroughwort, 109 Thymacetin, 277 Thymol, 216 iodid, 65 Thyroid extract, 217 Thyroidin, 217 Tinctura aconiti, 50 aloes et myrrhas, 157 arnicas riorum, 65 radicis, 65 asafcetidae, 66 belladonnas, 70 benzoini, 71 composita, 71 cacti grandiflora, 77 calumbas, 79 cantharidis, 81 capsici, 83 cardamorni, 8^ composita, 83 catechu composita, 84 chiratae, 86 cimicifugae, 90 cinchonae, 90 composita, 90 cinnamomi, 91 colchici seminis, 94 cubebae, 98 digitalis, 99 ergotae, 103 ferri chloridi, 112 gallae, 116 gelsemii, 117 gentianae composita, 1 18 guaiaci, 121 ammoniata, 1 21 hydrastis, 124 hyoscyami, 125 ignatiae, 127 iodi, 131 ipecacuanhas et opii, 131, 171 kino, 134 kramerias, 1 35 lactucarii, 136 lavandulae composita, 137 lobelias, 144 matico, 148 moschi, 154 myrrhae, 156 304 INDEX. Tinctura nucis vomicae, 161 opii, 170 camphorata, 80, 1 71 composita, 171 deodorata, 170 physostigmatis, 178 pyrethri, 188 quassise, 189 rhei, 192 aromatica, 192 dulcis, 192 sanguinariae, 198 scillae, 200 serpentarke, 202 stramonii seminis, 208 strophanthi, 208 sumbul, 214 Valerianae, 220 ammoniatae, 220 veratri viridis, 222 zingiberis, 118 Tincture of aconite, 50 of aloes, 53 and myrrh, 53, 157 of arnica flowers, 65 root, 65 of asafetida, 66 of belladonna, 70 of benzoin, 71 of berberis, 72 of bitter orange, 68 of blood-root, 198 of bryonia, 76 of calumba, 79 of cantharides, 81 of capsicum, 83 of cardamom, 83 of chiretta, 86 of chlorid of iron, 1 12 of cimicifuga, 90 of cinchona, 90 of cinnamon, 91 of colchicum seed, 94 of cubeb, 98 of digitalis, 99 of ergot, 103 of gelsemium, 117 of ginger, 118 of guaiac, 121 of hydrastis, 124 of hyoscyamus, 125 Tincture of ignatia, 127 of iodin, 131 of ipecac and opium, 1 3 1, 1 71 of kino, 134 of krameria, 135 of lactucarium, 136 of lobelia, 144 of matico, 148 of musk, 154 of myrrh, 156 of nutgall, 116 of nux vomica, 167 of perchlorid of iron, 112 of physostigma, 178 of pyrethrum, 188 of quassia, 189 of rhubarb, 192 of serpeniaria, 202 of squill, 200 of stramonium, 208 of strophanthus, 208 of sumbul, 214 of valerian, 220 of veratrum viride, 222 Tobacco, antidotes of, 232 Toleration, 19 Tolypyrin, 217 salicylate, 218 Tolysal, 218 Tonics, 32 gastric, 32 vascular, 33 Tragacanth, 218 Traumatol, 277 Tribromphenol, 75 -bismuth, 223 Tricresol, 218 Triiodid of caffein, 78 Trimethylamin, 277 Trinitrin, 158 Trional, 218 Triple rose-water, 193 Triticum, 218 Trituratio elaterini, 101 Trituration of elaterin, 101 Troches of catechu, 84 of chalk, 85 of cubeb, 98 of ginger, 118 of guaiac, 1 21 of ipecac, 132 INDEX. 305 Troches of iron, 114 of krameria, 135 of licorice and opium, 141 of morphin and ipecac, 132, 172 of opium, 171 of potassium chlorate, 88, 186 of santonin, 199 of sodium bicarbonate, 204 santoninate, 206 of tannic acid, 48 Trochisci catechu, 84 cretae, 85 cubebae, 98 ferri, 1 14 glycyrrhizae et opii, 141 guaiaci compositi, 121 ipecacuanha, 132 krameriae, 135 menthae piperitae, 149 morphinae et ipecacuanha, 132, 172 opii, 171 potassii chloratis, 88, 186 santonini, 199 sodii bicarbonatis, 204 santoninatis, 206 zingiberis, 118 Tropacocain, 92, 277 Tuberculin, 203, 218 Tully's powder, 172, 219 Tumenol, 277 Turpentine, 214 liniment, 142 oil of, 166 -poisoning, 167 stupe, 166 Tussol, 277 Unguentum acidi tannici, 48 aquae rosae, 193 belladonnae, 70 gallae, 116 cum opii, 116 hydrargyri, 153 iodoformi, 128 picis liquidae, 182 sulphuris, 213 veratrinae, 221 zinci oxidi, 225 Unslacked lime, 79 Ural, 219 20 Uralium, 219 Urethane, 219 Uricedin, 219 Uropherin, 277 Urotropin, 219 Ursin, 63 Uterine depressants, 33 Uva ursi, 219 Valerian, 220 Valeriana, 220 Valerianate of guaiacol, 122 of iron, 1 1 3, 220 Valerianic ether, 221 Vapor creosoti, 97 Vascular sedatives, 33 stimulants, 33 tonics, 33 Vaselin, 175 Veratrin, 221 -poisoning, 221 Veratrina, 221 Veratrum viride, 221 Vesical sedatives, 33 Vesicants, 26 Viburnum prunifolium, 222 Vienna paste, 79 Vinegar, 35 Vinum album, 51 antimonii, 60 colchici radicis, 93 seminis, 94 ergotae, 103 ferri amarum, 1 14 citratis, 115 ipecacuanhae, 132 opii, 170 picis, 182 portense, 51 rubrum, 51 xericum, 51 Virginia snake root, 201 Volatile oil of mustard, 156, 166 Vomiting, induction of, in poisoning, 228 Wahoo, 109 Warburg's tincture, 223 Warming plaster, 81 Washed sulphur, 213 Washing-soda, 205 306 INDEX. Water, 62 of ammonia, 54 of bitter almond, 52 Weight and dosage, 18 Weights and measures, 237 Whiskey, 51 White arsenic, 35 lead, 139 mustard, 154 oak, 189 wine, 51 Wild cherry, 186 Wine, 51 of aloes, 53 of antimony, 60 of citrate of iron, 115 of colchicum root, 93 seed, 94 of ergot, 103 of ipecac, 132 as an emetic, 234 of opium, 170 of tar, 182 Wintergreen, 117 oil of, 162 Witch-hazel, 1 22 Wood charcoal, 85 Xanthoxyun, 223 Xanthoxylum, 223 Xeroform, 223 Xylene, 224 Xylenum, 224 Xylol, 224 Yellow dock, 194 jasmine, 117 mercuric subsulphate, 152 mercurous iodid, 151 oxid of mercury, 151 wash, 152 Yerba santa, 103 Yolk of egg, 101 Zea, 224 Zinc, 224 acetate, 224 bromid, 224 chlorid, 224 iodid, 131, 225 ointment, 225 oleate, 225 oxid, 225 phosphid, 177, 225 sulphate, 225 sulphocarbolate, 225 valerianate, 220, 225 Zinci acetas, 224 bromidum, 224 carbonas prsecipitatus, 224 chloridum, 224 iodidum, 131, 225 oxidum, 225 phosphidum, 225 sulphas, 225 sulphocarbolas, 225 valerianas, 220, 225 Zincum, 224 Zingiber, 118 *+J CATALOGUE OF Books on Nursing AND BOOKS SPECIALLY IN- TERESTING FOR NURSES Books sent to any address, prepaid, on receipt of the price herein given PAGE American Pocket Medical Dictionary 2 American Text-Book of Nursing 8 Chapin's Compendium of Insanity 3 Grafstrom's Mechano-Therapy 4 Griffith's Care of the Baby 5 Griffith's Infant's Weight Chart 5 Hampton's Nursing 4 Hare's Essentials of Physiology 7 Hart's Diet in Sickness and in Health 8 Laine's Temperature Chart 8 Martin's Essentials of Minor Surgery and Bandaging 7 Meigs's Feeding in Early Infancy 5 Morris's Essentials of Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Prescrip- tion-Writing 6 Morten's Nurses' Dictionary 8 Nancrede's Essentials of Anatomy 7 Pye's Elementary Bandaging and Surgical Dressing 4 Stevens's Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics 6 Stevens's Manual of Practice of Medicine 6 Stoney's Materia Medica for Nurses 3 Stoney's Practical Points in Nursing 2 ^?* 5^* e^* c^* W. B. SAUNDERS 925 WALNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA Practical Points in Nursing, Second mtjm c m r» . A r. . . Thoroughly Revised. for Nurses in Private Practice. By Emily A. M. Stoney, late Superintendent of the Training- School for Nurses, Carney Hospital, South Boston, Mass. 456 pages, handsomely illustrated. Cloth. Price, $1.75 net. In this volume the author explains the entire range of private nursing as distinguished from hospital nursing, and the nurse is instructed how best to meet the various emergencies of medical and surgical cases when distant from medical or surgical aid or when thrown on her own resources. An especially valuable feat- ure of the work will be found in the directions to the nurse how to improvise everything ordinarily needed in the sick-room. The Appendix contains much information that will be found of great value to the nurse, including Rules for Feeding the Sick ; Recipes for Invalid Foods and Beverages ; Tables of Weights and Measures ; List of Abbreviations ; Dose- List ; and a complete Glossary of Medical Terms and Nursing Treatment. " This is a well-written, eminently practical volume, which covers the entire range of private nursing, and instructs the nurse how to meet the various emer- gencies which may arise and how to prepare everything needed in the illness of her patient." — American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. The American Pocket Medical Dictionary. Second Edition, Revised. Edited by W. A. Newman Dorland, M.D., Assistant Obstet- rician to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania ; Fellow of the American Academy, of Medicine, etc. Handsomely bound in flexible leather, limp, with gold edges and patent thumb index. Price, $1.25 net. Over 26,000 Words, 64 Valuable Tables, This is the ideal pocket lexicon. It is an absolutely new book, and not a revision of any old work. It gives the pronunciation of all the terms. It contains 5000 more words than any other pocket dictionary. It makes a special feature of the newer words neglected by other dictionaries. It contains a wealth of anatom- ical tables of special value to students. It forms a handy volume, indispensable to every medical man, and nurse. "This dictionary is, beyond all doubt, the best one among pocket diction- aries." — St. Louis Medical and Surgical Jotirnal. "This is one of the handiest little dictionaries for the pocket that we have ever seen. Its definitions are short, concise, and complete, so that it contains within a small space as many words, satisfactorily defined, as are found in some of the much larger volumes." — American Medico-Surgical Bulletin. 2 Materia Medica for Nurses. j U8 t issued. By Emily A. M. Stoney, (Graduate of the Training-School for Nurses, Lawrence, Mass. ; late Superintendent of the Training- School for Nurses, Carney Hospital, South Boston, Mass. Hand- some octavo volume of 300 pages. Cloth. Price, $1.50 net. The present book differs from other similar works in several features, all of which are intended to render it more practical and generally useful. The subject matter is arranged in alphabetical order, which not only renders it more convenient for stud}- as a text-book, but also adds materially to its value as a work of refer- ence for ready consultation. The general plan of the contents follows the lines laid down in training-schools for nurses, but the book contains much useful matter not usually included in works of this character. The con- sideration of the drugs includes their names, both English and Latin, their sources and composition, their various preparations, physiologic actions, directions for handling and administering, and the symptoms and treatment of poisoning. The Appendix contains much practical matter, such as Poison- emergencies, Ready Dose-list, Weights and Measures, etc., as well as a Glossary, denning all the terms used in Materia Medica, and describing all the latest drugs and remedies, which have been generally neglected by other books of the kind. The work will be found extremely practical and absolutely up to date. A Compendium of Insanity. By John B. Chapin, M.D., LL.I)., Physician-in- Chief, Penn- sylvania Hospital for the Insane ; late Physician-Superintendent of the Willard State Hospital, New York ; Honorary Member of the Medico-Psychological Society of Great Britain and of the Society of Mental Medicine of Belgium. 121110, 234 pages, illustrated. Cloth, Sr.25 net. The author has given, in a condensed and concise form, a compendium of Diseases of the Mind, for the convenient use and aid of physicians and students. It contains a clear, con< ise state- ment of the clinical aspects of the various abnormal mental con- ditions, with directions as to the most approved methods of man- aging and treating the insane. "The practical parts of Dr. Chapin's book ;nv uli.it constitute its distinctive merit. We desire especially, however, to call attention to the fact that in the subject of the therapeutics of insanity the work is ■ valuable author has made a distinct addition to the literature of his specialty." — Phila- delphia Medical Journal. 3 Nursing: Its Principles and Practice. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. By Isabel Adams Hampton, Graduate of the New York Training-School for Nurses attached to Bellevue Hospital ; Su- perintendent of Nurses and Principal of the Training-School for Nurses, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Handsome i2mo volume of 512 pages, illustrated. Price, Cloth, $2.00 net. This original work is at once comprehensive and systematic. It is written in a clear and readable style, suitable alike to the student and the lay reader. Such a work is of especial value to the graduated nurse who desires to acquire a practical working knowl- edge of the care of the sick and the hygiene of the sick-room. A Text=Book of Mechanotherapy Just (Massage and Medical Gymnastics). By Axel V. Grafstrom, B. Sc, M.D., late Lieutenant in the Royal Swedish Army ; late House Physician, City Hospital, Blackwell's Island, New York. 121110, 139 pages, illustrated. Cloth, $1.00 net. This book is intended as a practical manual of the methods of massage and Swedish movements, so rapidly becoming popular in this country. It describes clearly and shows by illustration the various movements of the system and their mode of application to all parts of the body, and indicates definitely the particular ones applicable to the various conditions of disease. Elementary Bandaging and Surgical Dressing. With Directions concerning the Immediate Treatment of Cases of Emergency. By Walter Pye, F.R.C.S., late Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital, London. Small i2mo, with over 80 illustra- tions. Cloth, flexible covers, 75 cents net. This little book is chiefly a condensation of those portions of Pye's "Surgical Handicraft" which deal with bandaging, splint- ing, etc., and of those which treat of the management in the first instance of cases of emergency. The directions given are thor- oughly practical, and the book will prove extremely useful to students, surgical nurses, and dressers. " The author writes well, the diagrams are clear, and the book itself is small and portable, although the paper and type are good." — British Medical Journal. 4 The Care of the Baby. Second EditIon J Revised. By J. P. Crozer Griffith, M.D., Clinical Professor of Dis- eases of Children, University of Pennsylvania ; Physician to the Children's Hospital, Philadelphia, etc. 404 pages, with 67 illus- trations in the text, and 5 plates. i2mo. Price, $1.50. A reliable guide not only for mothers, but also for medical students, nurses, and practitioners whose opportunities for observ- ing children have been limited. The very gratifying success attending the first edition of this work has made the author desirous of bringing the present edition thoroughly up to the demands of the times. The entire book has been submitted to a complete revision, several new illustrations have been added, and the work has been considerably enlarged. "The whole book is characterized by rare good sense, and is evidently written by a master hand. It can be read with benefit not only by mothers, but by medical students and by any practitioners who have nol had large oppor- tunities for observing children." — American Journal of Obstetrics. Infant's Weight Chart. Designed by J. P. Crozer Griffith, M.D., Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children in the University of Pennsylvania. 25 charts in each pad. Price per pad, 50 cents net. A convenient blank for keeping a record of the child's weight during the first two years of life. Printed 011 each chart i^ a curve representing the average weight of a health} infant, so that any deviation from the normal can readily be detected. Feeding in Early Infancy. P>y Arthur V. Meigs, M.l). Hound in limp (loth, flush edges. Price, 25 cents net. Synopsis: Analyses of Milk — Importance of the- Sul»;e< t of Feeding in Early Infancy— Proportion of Casein and Sugar in Human Milk— Time to Begin Artificial Feeding of Infants- Amount of Food to be Administered at Each Feeding- Intervals between Feedings — Increase in Amount of food at Different Periods of Infant Development — Unsuitableness of Cond Milk as a Substitute for Mother's Milk— Objections to Steriliza- tion or " Pasteurization " of Milk — Advances made in the Method of Artificial Feeding of Infants. 5 A Manual of Practice of Medicine. Fifth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. By A. A. Stevens, A.M., M.D., Instructor in Physical Diag- nosis in the University of Pennsylvania, and Professor of Pathol- ogy in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. Post 8vo, 519 pages. Numerous illustrations and selected formulae. Price, bound in flexible leather, $2.00 net. It is well-nigh impossible for the student, with the limited time at his disposal, to master elaborate treatises or to cull from them that knowledge which is absolutely essential. From an ex- tended experience in teaching, the author has been enabled, by classification, to group allied symptoms, and to bring within a comparatively small compass a complete outline of the practice of medicine. Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. Second Edition, Revised. By A. A. Stevens, A.M., M.D., Instructor in Physical Diag- nosis in the University of Pennsylvania, and Professor of Pathol- ogy in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. 445 pages. Price, bound in flexible leather, $2.25. This wholly new volume, which is based on the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia, comprehends the following sections : Phys- iological Action of Drugs ; Drugs ; Remedial Measures other than Drugs ; Applied Therapeutics ; Incompatibility in Prescrip- tions ; Table of Doses ; Index of Drugs ) and Index of Diseases, the treatment being elucidated by more than two hundred formulae. " The author is to be congratulated upon having presented the medical student with as accurate a manual of therapeutics as it is possible to prepare." — Therapeutic Gazette. Essentials of Materia Medica, Thera= Fifth ■™™™^^™»«"""^^— ■— -^ =— «^— «— Edition, peutics, and Prescription=Writing. Revised. By Henry Morris, M.D., late Demonstrator of Therapeutics, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia ; Fellow of the College of Physicians, Philadelphia, etc. Crown octavo, 288 pages. Cloth, $1.00; interleaved for notes, $1.25. " This work, already excellent in the old edition, has been largely improved by revision." — American Practitioner and News. 6 Essentials of Anatomy, Fjfth Including the Anatomy of the Viscera. Edition. By Charles B. Nancrede, M.D., Professor of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Crown octavo, 388 pages; 180 illustrations. With an Appendix containing over 60 illustrations of the osteology of the human body. Based upon Gray's Anatomy. Cloth, 51.00; interleaved for notes, $1.25. "For self-quizzing and keeping fresh in mind the know!' ' .my gained at school, it would not be easy to speak of it in terms too favorable." — American Practitioner. Essentials of Physiology. ^v^T"' By H. A. Hare, M.D., Professor of Therapeutics and Materia Medica in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia ; Physi- cian to the Jefferson Medical College Hospital. Containing a series of handsome illustrations from the celebrated " [cones Ner- vorum Capitis" of Arnold. Crown octavo, 239 pages. Cloth, $1.00 net; interleaved for notes, $1.25 net. "The best condensation of physiological knowledge we have Medical Record, New York. "Contains the essence of its subject. No better boi ' duced, and every student would do well to | Journal. Essentials of Minor Surgery, Bandaging, and BdwoB Venereal Diseases. Second . t . Ret Ised. By Edward Martin, A.M., M.D., Clinical Genito-Urinarv Diseases, University of Pennsylvan octavo, 166 pages, with 78 illustrations. Cloth, >..oo; leaved for notes. $1.25. "A very practical and systematic study author's familiarity with the needs of ' 7 The Nurse's Dictionary of Medical Terms and Nursing Treatment. By Honnor Morten, author of " How to Become a Nurse," ''Sketches of Hospital Life," etc. Containing Definitions of the Principal Medical and Nursing Terms, Abbreviations, and Physiological Names, and Descriptions of the Instruments, Drugs, Diseases, Accidents, Treatments, Operations, Foods, Appliances, etc. encountered in the ward or the sick-room. i6mo, 140 pages. Price, Cloth, $1.00. This little volume is intended for use merely as a small refer- ence-book which can be consulted at the bedside or in the ward. It gives sufficient explanation to the nurse to enable her to com- prehend a case until she has leisure to look up larger and fuller works on the subject. Diet in Sickness and in Health. By Mrs. Ernest Hart, late Student of the Faculty of Medi- cine of Paris and of the London School of Medicine for Women ; with an Introduction by Sir Henry Thompson, F.R.C.S., M.D., London. 220 pages; illustrated. Price, Cloth, $1.50. Useful to those who have to nurse, feed, and prescribe for the sick. In each case the accepted causation of the disease and the reasons for the special diet prescribed are briefly described. Med- ical men will find the dietaries and recipes practically useful, and likely to save trouble in directing the dietetic treatment of patients. Temperature Chart. Prepared by D. T. Lain£, M.D. Size 8x13^ inches. Price, per pad of 25 charts, 50 cents. A conveniently arranged chartfor recording Temperature, with columns for daily amounts of Urinary and Fecal Excretions, Food, Remarks, etc. On the back of each chart is given in full the method of Brand in the treatment of Typhoid Fever. IN PREPARATION, An American Text=Book of Nursing. By American Teachers. Edited by Roberta M. West, late Superintendent of Nurses in the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. 8 APR 14 1899 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DDDELlDDflTL