- 5Lfbrarp of DID 2tutt)or0- THE COMPLETE WORKS CANON OF LORETTO. EDITED BY WILLIAM B. TUENBULL, ESQ. of Lincoln's inn, barrister AT LAW. LONDON: JOHX KUSSELL SMITH, SOHO SQUARE. 1858. T\ 3 2> * *» X TO THE VERY REV. MARK ALOYSIUS TIERNEY, CANON OF ST. GEORGe's, SOUTHWARK, F.R.S., F.S.A., ETC. THIS SMALL VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED BY ITS EDITOR, IN ACKNOW- LEDGEMENT OF THE VIRTUES, THE TALENTS, AND THE INDEPENDENCE WHICH DISTINGUISH HIM AS A PRIEST, A SCHOLAR, AND A GENTLEMAN. I PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. I F Kichard Crashaw, whose works are com- prised in the ensuing pages, little is known ; and for that little we are mainly beholden to the industry of Wood, upon whose curt notice in the Fasti Occonienses was founded the more elaborate memoir by Hayley in Kippis' edi- tion of the Biographia Britannica, which served as the sole unvaried authority imtil the subject was treated by the Eev. Kobert Aris Willruott in the first series of Lives of the English Sacred Poets. Both in the records of those educational establishments where, in his youth, he was trained, and of that holy retreat in which he closed his maturer years, have searches been fruitlessly made, in the hope that some additional fact, however minute, might be discovered. I am, therefore, obliged to recapitulate in few words what is already familiar to every one ; referring the reader to the elegant and more copious sketch by Mr. Willinott. According to the scanty sources of information, Crashaw was the son of William Crashaw, B. D., a viii PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. divine of some eminence in his time,* and preacher at the Temple. The date of his birth has not been ascer- tained, but it may have been about 1616 ; since, the first steps of his education having been taken at the Charter- house, on the foundation of which he was placed by Sir Randolph Crew and Sir Henry Yelverton, he was elected a scholar of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, March 26, 1632, and became a Fellow of Peterhouse in the same University, in 1637; having removed to that College on the 20th of March previous. His Bachelor's degree was taken in 1633. In 1641 he is recorded by Wood as one of the persons incorporated that year at Oxford ; but to what degree admitted is not stated, as his name does not appear in the public register, and Wood's authority was " the private observation of a certain Master of Arts, that was, this year, living in the University." Wood, however, adds: — "Afterwards, he was Master of Arts, in which degree it is probable he was incor- porated." Beyond these features of his academical career, we are certain of nothing save of its termination ; which happened during the Great Rebellion in 1644, when the Earl of Manchester, under the authority of Parliament, " reformed" (as they were pleased to style it) the University, by expelling such members as re- fused to subscribe the Covenant. On this occasion Crashaw was one of the sixty-five Fellows ejected. After the loss of his fellowship, having embraced the * The tone of his religious sentiments, very different from those of his son, may be gathered from the titles of his printed discourses 5 e. g. " The Bespotted Jesuite : whose Gospell is full of blasphemy against the Blood of Christ, 55 &c, 1641, 4to. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. ix Catholic religion, he repaired to Paris : and in this city he was found by Cowley in a state of destitution, about 1646. To the friendship of this amiable brother-poet he was indebted for sympathy and relief, and an intro- duction to the exiled queen, Henrietta Maria, from whom he also received what small aid her own limited finances would allow, with recommendatory letters to persons of influence at Kome. There he is said to have become secretary to Cardinal Palotta, and soon thereafter to have been appointed one of the Canons of the Church of Loretto. This preferment he only held for a very short space; dying and being interred at Loretto about 1650. Such is the faint outline of his life. Among the patrons of Crashaw, in his altered circum- stances, the Countess of Denbigh appears to have been prominent. His gratitude is expressed by his dedication to her of the Carmen Deo Nostro, " in hearty acknow- ledgement of his immortal obligation to her goodness and charity," and by his efforts to bring her within the pale of the Catholic Church. Whether they were suc- cessful or not I cannot ascertain. This lady was Eliza- beth, daughter and coheir of Edward Bourchier, Earl of Bath, and third of the four wives of Basil, second Earl of Denbigh, whom she predeceased in 1670. I had hoped to have found some traces of Crashaw among the archives at Newnham Paddox ; but Viscount Fielding, having kindly directed a search to be made, informs me that no document relating to him exists there. Our ideas of the personal character of Crashaw must be formed from his writings, the enthusiastic affection x PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. of Cowley, and the friendship of Selden. To the former of such sources the editor of the edition of 1649 justly points, while referring to the last line of his verses on Bishop Andrews' portrait : — " Look on the following leaves, and see him breathe." The qualities which recommended him to the esteem of two such men as those now named, can have been of no common order, and make the absence of materials for his biography the more truly to be deplored. As a poet, his works have ever been appreciated by those most qualified to decide upon their sterling beau- ties,* and have suggested to others (too frequently with- out acknowledgment) some of their finest imageries. In every volume of any pretensions to taste, designed to offer specimens of English poetry, extracts are to be found ; yet, with the exception of being partially, and by no means accurately, printed in the bulky and in- convenient collections of Chalmers and Anderson, it is somewhat remarkable that, in an age when familiarity with our Old English Authors is so eagerly sought, a full reprint should have been deferred till now. Of those which have preceded it, the following is a list : — Epigrammata Sacra, published anonymously at Cam- bridge, 1634, 8vo. Steps to the Temple, London, 1646, 12mo. The same, with additions and a frontispiece, London, 1648, 12mo. Carmen Deo Xostro, Paris, 1652, 8vo. with beautiful plates. * Among such I would particularly name the Rev. Robert Aris Willmott, above mentioned. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. xi Lines to Lady Denbigh (p. 146 of the present edition), London, Sept. 23, 1653, 4to. pp. 4. Steps to the Temple, London, 1649, 8vo. with frontis- piece. To this second edition, in its text the most in- accurate of all, a fresh title-page, bearing the date of 1670, was afterwards affixed. Poetry, by Peregrine Phillips, London, 1785, 12mo. All these are very scarce, that of Paris extremely so. I have already commended its illustrations, and, as it would seem, from the epigram at p. 145 seq., that they had been designed by Crashaw, a list of them may not be deemed superfluous, in order as they appear in the elegant little volume from the press of " Peter Targa, printer to the Archbishope of Paris, in S. Victor's streete at the golden sunne." A copy of this produced <£4 14s. 6d. at Sir Mark Sykes' sale in 1824, and would, if in fair con- dition, command a much higher price now. That in the Grenville Library is, perhaps, the finest in existence. 1. " To the noblest and best of ladies." A heart with padlock inscribed " Non Vi" Beneath, these lines : — 'Tis not the work of force but skill To find the way into man's will ; 'Tis love alone can hearts unlock : Who knows the word, he needs not knock. 2. " To the name above every name," — " Numisma Urbani 6." A dove under the tiara, surrounded by a glory : legend, i( In unitate Deus est." 3. " To the Holy Nativity." The Holy Family at Bethlehem. Beneath, these lines : — Ton Createur te faict voir sa naissance, Deignant souffrir pour toy des son enfance. Quern vidistis Pastores, &c. Natum vidimus, &c. xii PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 4. " To the glorious Epiphany." The adoration of the Magi. 5. " The Office of the Holy Cross." The crucified Redeemer. Beneath : — Tradidit semetipsum pro nobis oblationem et hostiam Deo in odorem suavitatis. — Ad Ephe. 5. 6. " The Kecommendation." The Ascended Saviour. Above it : — Expostulatio Jesu Christi cum mundo ingrato. Beneath : — Sum pulcher : at nemo tamen me diligit. Sum nobilis : nemo est mihi qui serviat. Sum dives : a me nemo quicquam postulat. Et cuncta possum : nemo me tamen timet. ^Eternus exsto : quseror a paucissimis. Prudensque sum : sed me qui est qui consulit ? Et sum Via : at per me quotusquisque ambulet ? Sum Veritas : quare mihi non creditur. Sum Vita : verum rarus est qui me petit. Sum Vera Lux : videre me nemo cupit. Sum misericors : nullus fidem in me eollocat. Tu, si peris, non id mihi imputes, Homo : Salus tibi est a me parata : hac utere. I. Messager excud. 7. " Sancta Maria Dolorum." The Blessed Virgin seated on a sepulchre under the Cross with instruments of the passion, the chalice, " STEPS TO THE TEMPLE. 31 Of all the^ glories make noon gay This is the morn ; This rock buds forth the fountain of the streams of day ; In joy's white annals lives this hour, When life was born, No cloud-scowl on his radiant lids, no tempest-lower. Life, by this light's nativity, All creatures have; Death only by this day's just doom is forced to die. Nor is death forced ; for may he lie Throned in thy grave, Death will on this condition be content to die. On the bleeding Wounds of our crucified Lord. #ESIT, no more, it is full tide ; From Thy head and from Thy feet, From Thy hands and from Thy side, All Thy purple rivers meet. What need Thy fair head bear a part In showers ? as if Thine eyes had none ; WTiat need they help to drown Thine heart, That strives in torrents of its own ? Thy restless feet now cannot go, For us and our eternal good, As they were ever wont ! What though They swim, alas ! in their own flood ? 32 STEPS TO TEE TEMPLE. Thy hands to give, Thou canst not lift ; Yet will Thy hand still giving be ; It gives, but O, itself s the gift : It gives though bound, though bound 'tis free. But O, Thy side ; Thy deep digg'd side That hath a double Nilus going, Nor ever was the Pharian tide Half so fruitful, half so flowing. Water'd by the showers they bring, The thorns that Thy blest brows encloses, A cruel and a costly spring, Conceive proud hopes of proving roses.* No hair so small but pays his river To this Ked Sea of Thy blood, Their little channels can deliver Something to the general flood. But, while I speak, whither are run All the rivers named before ? I counted wrong ; there is but one : But O, that one is one all o'er. Rain-swolTn rivers may rise proud, Bent all to drown and overflow ; But when indeed all's overflowed, They themselves are drowned too. * This verse' 7 is not in the version of the Paris edition of 1652. STEPS TO TEE TEMPLE. 33 This Thy blood's deluge, a dire chance, Dear Lord, to Thee, to us is found A deluge of deliverance, A deluge lest we should he drown'd. Ne'er wast Thou, in a sense so sadly true, The well of living waters, Lord, till now ! Samson to his Delilah. |BUEL, could not once blinding me suffice ? When first I look'd on thee I lost mine eyes. Psalm xxiii. ^APPYme! O happy sheep ! Whom my God vouchsafes to keep ; Even my God, even He it is That points me to these ways of bliss ; On whose pastures cheerful Spring All the year doth sit and sing, And, rejoicing, smiles to see Their green backs wear his livery. Pleasure sings my soul to rest, Plenty wears me at her breast, Whose sweet temper teaches me JSTor wanton nor in want to be. At my feet the blubb'ring mountain, Weeping, melts into a fountain, Whose soft silver- sweating streams Make high noon forget his beams. When my wayward breath is flying He calls home my soul from dying, 34 STEPS TO TEE TEMPLE. Strokes and tames my rabid grief, And does woo me into life : When my simple weakness strays, Tangled in forbidden ways, He, my Shepherd, is my guide, He's before me, on my side, And behind me, He beguiles Craft in all her knotty wiles : He expounds the giddy wonder Of my weary steps, and under Spreads a path clear as the day. Where no churlish rub says nay To my joy- conducted feet, Whilst they gladly go to meet Grace and Peace, to meet new lays Tuned to my great Shepherd's praise. Come now all ye terrors, sally, Muster forth into the valley, Where triumphant darkness hovers With a sable wing, that covers Brooding horror. Come thou, Death, Let the damps of thy dull breath Overshadow even the shade, And make darkness' self afraid ; There my feet, even there shall find Way for a resolved mind. Still my Shepherd, still my God, Thou art with mej still Thy rod, And Thy staff, whose influence Gives direction, gives defence. At the whisper of Thy word STEPS TO THE TEMPLE. 35 Crown'd abundance spreads my board : While I feast, my foes do feed Their rank malice, not their need : So that with the selfsame bread They are starved, and I am fed. How my head in ointment swims ! How my cup o'erlooks her brims ! So, even so still may I move By the line of Thy dear love ; Still may Thy sweet mercy spread A shady arm above my head, About my paths ; so shall I find The fair centre of my mind, Thy temple, and those lovely walls Bright ever with a beam that falls Fresh from the pure glance of Thine eye, Lighting to Eternity. There I'll dwell for ever, there Will I find a purer air. To feed my life with, there I'll sup Balm and nectar in my cup, And thence my ripe soul will I breathe Warm into the arms of death. Psalm cxxxvh. N the proud banks of great Euphrates' flood There we sat, and there we wept : Our harps, that now no music understood, Nodding on the willows slept, While unhappy captives we, Lovely Sion, thought on thee. 36 STEPS TO THE TEMPLE. They, they that snatch'd us from our country's breast Would have a song carved to their ears In Hebrew numbers, then, O cruel jest ! When harps and hearts were drown'd in tears : Come, they cried, come, sing and play One of Sion's songs to day. Sing ? play ? to whom shall we sing or play If not, Jerusalem, to thee ? Ah ! thee, Jerusalem ; ah ! sooner may This hand forget the mastery Of music's dainty touch, than I The music of thy memory. Which when I lose, O may at once my tongue Lose this same busy speaking art, Unperch'd, her vocal arteries unstrung, No more acquainted with my heart, On my dry palate's roof to rest A wither'd leaf, an idle guest ! No, no, thy good, Sion, alone must crown The head of all my hope-nursed joys. But, Edom, cruel thou ! thou criedst, Down, down Sink Sion, down, and never rise ! Her falling thou didst urge and thrust, And haste to dash her into dust ! Dost laugh ? proud Babel's daughter ! Do, laugh on, Till thy ruin teach thee tears ; Even such as these, laugh, till a 'venging throng STEPS TO THE TEMPLE. 37 Of woes too late do rouse thy fears ; Laugh, till thy children's Weeding bones Weep precious tears upon the stones ! QUEM VIDISTIS PASTORES, ETC. A Hymn of the Nativity, sung by the Shepherds. Chorus. I^OME, we shepherds whose blest sight Hath met Love's noon in [Nature's night ; Come, lift we up our loftier song, And wake the sun that lies too long. To all our world of well-stol'n joy He slept, and dreamt of no such thing, While we found out Heaven's fairer eye, And kiss'd the cradle of our King ; Tell him he rises now too late To show us aught worth looking at. Tell him we now can show him more Than he e'er show'd to mortal sight, Than he himself e'er saw before, Which to be seen needs not his light : Tell him, Tityrus, where th' hast been, Tell him, Thyrsis, what th' hast seen. Tityrus. Gloomy night embraced the place Where the noble infant lay : The babe look'd up, and show'd His face ; 38 STEPS TO THE TEMPLE. In spite of darkness it was day. It was Thy day, sweet, and did rise, Not from the East, but from Thy eyes. Chorus. It was Thy day, sweet,