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NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY OF THE 
 CINCINNATI 
 
\*12>1-\1<\^ 
 
NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 SOCIETY OF 
 THE CINCINNATI 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES LUKENS DAVIS 
 
 BRIGADIER-GENERAL UNITED STATES ARMY, RETIRED 
 
 SECRETARY OF THE NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY 
 
 OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 BOSTON: MDCCCCVII 
 
Lt«^-'.RVof COMGKESS 
 
 Iwc Codies Hocolved 
 
 AUG 17 190/ 
 
 iCcDvntM Entry 
 
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 COPY U. 
 
 .1 
 
 COPYRIGHT 1907 BY THE NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The compilation of this book was undertaken by the 
 undersigned at the solicitation of a few members of the 
 North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati, with the main 
 object of collecting the few threads that exist of the his- 
 tory of the Society in such form that they may not pass 
 into oblivion, and with the earnest hope that this com- 
 pilation may inspire research and lay the foundation for 
 a greater work by some future historian. 
 
 For the list of the honorary members of the original 
 North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati, the compiler 
 is indebted to the Society of the Cincinnati in Rhode 
 Island and Providence Plantations, through whose cour- 
 tesy it was furnished. 
 
 CHARLES L. DAVIS. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Historical Sketch of the Society of the Cincinnati, with special 
 
 REFERENCE TO THE StATE SoCIETY IN NoRTH CAROLINA .... 3 
 
 Officers of the General Society of the Cincinnati from its 
 Institution in 1783 65 
 
 Officers of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati 
 from its Organization at Hillsborough, N. C, October 23, 
 
 1783 70 
 
 List of Original and Hereditary and of the Present Honorary 
 
 Members of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati 72 
 Necrology of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati 
 
 since its Reorganization in 1896 8g 
 
 By-Laws of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati . . 95 
 
 Charter of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati . . 105 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 FACING PAGE 
 
 General George Washington Frontispiece 
 
 Major-General Henry Knox 2 . 
 
 Major-General Frederick William Augustus Steuben . .4 
 
 The Verplanck Mansion as it appeared in 1783 ... 6 
 
 The Institution of the Society of the Cincinnati ... 8 
 
 Cincinnatus 10 
 
 Major-General Robert Howe 16 
 
 Governor Alexander Martin 18 
 
 Colonel Benjamin Hawkins 20 
 
 Honorable William Richardson Davie 22 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel John Baptista Ashe 24 
 
 Major Reading Blount 26 
 
 The Decoration of the Society of the Cincinnati . . .28 
 
 Diploma of Lieutenant Joseph Brevard 30 
 
 Major Griffith John McRee 32 
 
 Major William Polk 34 
 
 Surgeon David Ramsay 36 
 
 Captain Samuel Ashe, Jr 38 
 
 Captain John Daves 40 
 
 Captain Alfred Moore 42 
 
 Captain William Lytle 44 
 
 Captain Martin Phifer 46 
 
 Captain Joshua Hadley 48 
 
 ix 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Captain Benjamin Cattell 50 
 
 Lieutenant Nathaniel Lawrence 52 
 
 Lieutenant Joseph Brevard 54 
 
 Certificate of Delegates from North Carolina to Meeting of 
 
 THE General Society in 1784 55 
 
 Lieutenant Thomas Amis 56 
 
 Lieutenant Charles Polk 58 
 
 Lieutenant John Hill 60 
 
 The Jewelled Decoratton 62 
 
 The Flag of the Cincinnati 64 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 By General Charles L. Davis, U. S. A. 
 
\w \:\Vv ,\(,M,.^ \\ A\\ 
 
 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE 
 SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 In the spring of 1783, a large part of the Continental 
 Army of the American Revolution was in cantonment at 
 New Windsor, on the west of the Hudson River, near 
 Newburgh, N. Y. After a struggle lasting eight years, 
 a cessation of hostilities had been announced; a new 
 government was about to be formed, and comrades of 
 many years of suffering, danger, and glory, attached to 
 one another by exertion made in a severe struggle for the 
 attainment of their rights as free-born Englishmen, were 
 about to part, many of them never to meet again. A 
 means of perpetuating the friendships formed under the 
 pressure of common danger, in which many of them had 
 shed their blood, impelled them to combine themselves 
 into a Society of Friends, to perpetuate as well the re- 
 membrance of the vast event which made us a nation 
 as the friendships formed in the many campaigns and 
 battles through which they had served together. The 
 officers of the army therefore determined to create a 
 permanent Mihtary Order, which should perpetuate the 
 
 3 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 ties of friendship formed in the service, and provide a 
 fund, the interest of which should be used for the reUef 
 of such as might be so unfortunate as to need it. 
 
 Of a great portion of the officers, many of whom 
 had served during the entire period of the war and bore 
 scars of wounds, as well as having sacrificed whatever 
 of fortune they may have possessed, Washington said 
 that " nothing awaited them upon disbandment but 
 the doors of a debtor's prison." 
 
 The long existing ties which, in consequence of the 
 common hardships and the dangers of a long and pro- 
 tracted war, had united these old companions in arms, 
 were now more closely cemented by the treatment which 
 they had experienced from their ungrateful country. 
 They had been without pay for a long time, and the army 
 was about to be disbanded with no provision for their 
 future. They had a very sad and desperate future be- 
 fore them when, helpless and totally devoid of means, 
 they retired to civil life. It is to this wretched prospect, 
 as well as to the feeling of mutual dependence engen- 
 dered by long association and the regret at approaching 
 separation, and perhaps somewhat to the suspicion 
 natural to men whose patience has been severely tried, 
 that we may attribute the suggestion of such an asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 4 
 
^2>o-\1^5" 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 Although the idea of forming a society of the officers 
 had been discussed in the camp during 1782, who first 
 conceived the plan of such a society is uncertain, but 
 it has been attributed to Major-General Henry Knox, 
 who is known to have had great confidence in the final 
 result of the war and, as early as 1776, to have expressed 
 the wish that he might transmit to his posterity some 
 ribbon or other token of his service in defence of the 
 liberties of the colonies. Doubtless he obtained from 
 Baron de Steuben, who was a Major-General and 
 Inspector-General on the staff of General Washington, 
 a suggestion as to what form the Military Order should 
 take; doubtless, as well, the wearing of the Order of 
 Saint Louis by the cooperating French officers sug- 
 gested the adoption of a decoration to be used by mem- 
 bers of the Society. We think, however, we are near the 
 truth in expressing the opinion that the plan, though 
 very indistinct at first, originated simultaneously in 
 the minds of many of the officers, and that, in discuss- 
 ing the subject, it gained definite shape and character- 
 istic form by degrees. To the foreign officers, especially 
 General Steuben, who constantly wore the star of the 
 Order of Fidelity which had been bestowed upon him, 
 in 1769, by the Margrave of Baden, may probably be 
 attributed the authorship of the wearing of a decora- 
 
 5 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 tion for the foreign officers, considered an order of great 
 value as a conspicuous proof of their participation in 
 such a glorious war. 
 
 Major-General Henry Knox, Chief of Artillery, was, 
 at the time referred to, in command of West Point, 
 N. Y.; Major General Frederick William Augustus 
 Steuben (Baron de Steuben of Prussia) was in quarters 
 at the Verplanck Mansion, "Mount Gulian," above 
 Fishkill, N. Y., on the east bank of the Hudson River. 
 In the cantonment there were, at this time, many Gen- 
 eral and Staff Officers, the Corps of Engineers, Corps 
 of Cavalry, two regiments of Artillery, some Invalid 
 Regiments, and about sixteen regiments of Infantry, 
 eight being from Massachusetts, three from Connecticut, 
 two from New York, a regiment and a half from New 
 Jersey, half a regiment from Maryland, and a regiment 
 and a half from New Hampshire. The Rhode Island 
 regiment was at Saratoga Barracks, Schuylerville, N. Y., 
 on the upper Hudson. The remainder of the infantry 
 regiments were mainly in the Southern Department, 
 while some were to the westward. 
 
 Proposals for establishing such a society having 
 been communicated to the several regiments and corps, 
 each appointed an officer who, in conjunction with all 
 the Generals, excepting one (General Stark), and a 
 
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THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 representation of the various staff departments met 
 on May lo, 1783, in the "Pubhc Building," some- 
 times called the New Building or Temple, which had 
 been erected for religious and other public services at 
 the Cantonment of the Main Continental Army at 
 New Windsor, near Newburgh, N. Y., at which meeting 
 Major-General Baron de Steuben, the senior officer 
 present, presided. The New Hampshire and Rhode 
 Island regiments were the only ones not represented. 
 There was laid before them a paper in the handwriting 
 of General Knox, dated West Point, 15th April, 1783, 
 styled in an endorsement thereon, also in General 
 Knox's handwriting, "Rough draft of a Society to be 
 formed by the American Officers, and to be called 
 'The Cincinnati.'" 
 
 After full consideration and several amendments, 
 the proposals were adopted and referred to a committee, 
 composed of Generals Knox, Hand, and Huntington 
 and Captain Shaw, to prepare a fair copy to be laid 
 before a future assembly at their next meeting, to be 
 held at the quarters of Major-General Baron de Steu- 
 ben on Tuesday, May 13, 1783. 
 
 At this meeting, held at the Verplanck Mansion ' and 
 
 ' In May, 1883, the Centennial of the Order of the Cincinnati was pleas- 
 antly celebrated at the old Verplanck Mansion on " Mount Gulian," by a visit 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 over which General Stueben presided, the fair copy was 
 read and signed by those present. It is as follows: 
 
 THE INSTITUTION OF THE SOCIETY OF THE 
 CINCINNATI 
 
 OBJECTS OF THE ORDER 
 
 "It having pleased the Supreme Governor of the 
 Universe, in the disposition of human affairs, to 
 cause the separation of the colonies of North America 
 from the domination of Great Britain, and, after a 
 bloody conflict of eight years, to establish them free, 
 independent and sovereign States, connected, by alli- 
 ances founded on reciprocal advantage, with some of 
 the great princes and powers of the earth. 
 
 "To perpetuate, therefore, as well the remembrance 
 of this vast event, as the mutual friendships which have 
 been formed under the pressure of common danger, 
 and, in many instances, cemented by the blood of 
 
 of many of its members. On that occasion the Cincinnati were welcomed 
 by the late Mr. William Samuel Verplanck, who then owned the property. 
 One of the features of this visit was the reading of the Institution of the So- 
 ciety by the venerable Vice-President of the New York State Society of the 
 Cincinnati, William S. Popham, in the "Cincinnati Room," as had been done 
 one hundred years before on the founding of the Society. Again, May 12, 
 1899, the General Society of the Order, as guests of the New York State 
 Society of the Cincinnati, met at the Verplanck Mansion, and were hospitably 
 received by Mr. William E. Verplanck. 
 
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THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 the parties, the officers of the American Army do 
 hereby, in the most solemn manner, associate, con- 
 stitute and combine themselves into one Society of 
 Friends, to endure as long as they shall endure, or 
 any of their eldest male posterity,' and, in failure 
 
 ' At the time the provision was adopted confining hereditary membership 
 to "any of their eldest male posterity, and, in failure thereof, the collateral 
 branches who may be judged worthy," the law of England as to primo- 
 geniture prevailed in the original thirteen States, and it was deemed that 
 the one who inherited the family estate, and, therefore, remained at home, 
 would be best able to give effect to the national patriotic and benevolent 
 objects of the Institution. 
 
 The law of primogeniture, as stated by Blackstone (Book II, chap. 14) 
 was as follows: 
 
 I. A general rule or canon is, that the male issue shall be admitted before 
 the female. 
 
 II. Where there are two or more males, in equal degree, the eldest only 
 shall inherit; but the females all together. 
 
 III. The lineal descendants, ad infinitum, of any person deceased shall re- 
 present their ancestor; that is, shall stand in the same place as the person 
 himself would have done, had he been living. 
 
 Thus the child, grandchild or great-grandchild (either male or female) of 
 the eldest son succeeds before the younger son, and so aJ infinitum. 
 
 IV. On failure of lineal descendants, or issue, of the person last seized, the 
 inheritance shall descend to his collateral relations, being of the blood of the 
 first purchaser ; subject to the three preceding rules. 
 
 V. The collateral heir of the person last seized must be his next collateral 
 kinsman of the whole blood. 
 
 First, he must be his next collateral kinsman, either personally or jure 
 representationis : which proximity is reckoned according to the canonical 
 degrees of consanguinity before mentioned. — The issue or descendants, 
 therefore, of John Stiles' brother are all of them in the first degree of kindred 
 with respect to inheritances, those of his uncle in the second, those of his 
 great-uncle in the third: as their respective ancestors, if living, would have 
 
 9 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 thereof, the collateral branches who^ may be judged 
 worthy of becoming its supporters and Members. 
 
 NAME OF THE ORDER 
 
 " The Officers of the American Army having gener- 
 ally been taken from the citizens of America, possess 
 high veneration for the character of that illustrious 
 Roman, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus; and being 
 resolved to follow his example, by returning to their 
 citizenship, they think they may with propriety denom- 
 inate themselves 
 
 THE SOCIEIY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 "The following principles shall be immutable and 
 
 form the basis of the Society of the Cincinnati: 
 
 "An incessant attention to preserve inviolate those 
 
 exalted rights and liberties of human nature, for which 
 
 been; and are severally called to the succession in right of such, their re- 
 presentativi- proximity. — Thus, if John Stiles dies without issue, his estate 
 shall iksiind to Francis, hi.s brother, or his representatives; he being lineally 
 descended from Geoffrey Stiles, John's ne.xt immediate ancestor, or father. 
 
 These rules of primogeniture were modified by the Institution of the Cin- 
 cinnati, under the limitation clause of "eldest male posterity," so that every 
 male descendant of an Original Member should be entitled to preference in 
 succession and as next of kin over anv male descendant through an inter- 
 vening female descendant. In other words, male descendants of the surname 
 of the Original Member should be preferred over male descendants through 
 intermediate females whose surnames were different. 
 
 ' The words, " and in failure thereof, the collateral branches," were not 
 in the " Proposals," but deliberately inserted as an amendment thereto. 
 
 ID 
 
CINCINNATUS 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 they have fought and bled, and without which the 
 high rank of a rational being is a curse instead of a 
 blessing. 
 
 "An unalterable determination to promote and 
 cherish, between the respective States, that union and 
 national honor so essentially necessary to their happi- 
 ness, and the future dignity of the American empire. 
 
 "To render permanent the cordial affection sub- 
 sisting among the Officers. This spirit will dictate 
 brotherly kindness in all things, and particularly ex- 
 tend to the most substantial acts of beneficence, accord- 
 ing to the ability of the Society, towards those officers 
 and their families, who unfortunately may be under 
 the necessity of receiving it. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE GENERAL AND STATE 
 SOCIETIES 
 
 " The General Society will, for the sake of frequent 
 communications, be divided into State Societies,' and 
 
 ' At this time there were no postal facilities in the United States, and but 
 very few good wagon-roads, and these only for short distances. 
 
 Travelling was tedious, expensive, and attended with discomfort, and often 
 with privation and hardship, and was principally performed on horseback. 
 
 Much the larger number of the Continental Army officers had already 
 gone to their homes by reason of having been rendered supernumerat)- in one 
 or other of the reductions and consolidations ordered by the Continental 
 Congress, and all Continental Naval officers had been discharged. 
 
 As all these men were entitled of right to sign the Roll and become 
 
 II 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 these again into such districts as shall be directed by 
 the State Society. 
 
 STATE SOCIETIES DIVIDED INTO DISTRICTS 
 
 "The Societies of the districts to meet as often as 
 shall be agreed upon by the State Society, those of the 
 State on the fourth day of July annually, or oftener, 
 if they shall find it expedient, and the General Society 
 on the first Monday in May, annually, so long as they 
 shall deem it necessary, and afterwards, at least once 
 in every three years. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF INSTITUTION CONSIDERED 
 
 "At each meeting, the Principles of the Institution 
 will be fully ' considered, and the best measures to pro- 
 mote them adopted. 
 
 STATE SOCIETIES — OF WHOM COMPOSED 
 
 "The State Societies will consist of all the members 
 resident in each State respectively; and any member 
 
 Original IMcmhcrs, most of them, for the above reason, would have been 
 deprived of this privilege but for this expedient of subdividing the General 
 Society, for the sake of frequent communications, into State Societies. 
 
 ' In the "Proposals" the word "fully" was omitted. 
 
 By its insenion in the Institution, as adopted, the duty is devolved upon 
 the General Society, as well as upon every State Society, to fully consider 
 the principles of the Institution at every meeting and adopt the best measures 
 to promote them. 
 
 12 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 removing from one State to another is to be considered, 
 in all respects, as belonging to the Society of the State 
 in which he shall actually reside.' 
 
 OFFICERS OF STATE SOCIETIES 
 
 "The State Societies to have a President, Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Secretary, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer, 
 to be chosen annually, by a majority of votes, at the 
 State meeting. 
 
 DUTIES OF STATE SOCIETIES 
 
 "Each State meeting shall vi^rite annually, or oftener, 
 if necessary, a circular letter, to the State Societies, 
 noting whatever they may think worthy of observation, 
 
 ' This clause has been construed, by the action of the General and the 
 State Societies, as being limited to Original Members who were the Found- 
 ers of the Order, and who respectively gave an order for their month's pay 
 to the Paymaster-General, by whom the same was transferred to the State 
 Society with which the officers respectively first affiliated. 
 
 Although Hereditary and Honorary Members, properly admitted into any 
 State Society, are all members of "One Society of Friends," nevertheless, as 
 any beneficial interest which any such member may have, or may be entitled 
 to, must be in the permanent Fund of the State Society wherein was deposited 
 his own contribution or that of his propositus, it has come to be a uniform 
 rule that any such member is not at liberty, by reason of residence in another 
 State wherein there is a State Society, to claim in such State Society, without 
 its occurrence in the nature of a regular transfer, accompanied by a transfer 
 of his contribution to the Permanent Fund of the Society to which trans- 
 ferred, other privilege than of the floor, or other right than to panicipate 
 conjointly in any patriotic or other celebration or ceremony. 
 
 13 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 respecting the good of the Society, or the general union 
 of the States, and giving information of the officers 
 chosen for the current year: copies of these letters shall 
 be regularly transmitted to the Secretar}^-General of the 
 Society, who will record them in a book to be assigned 
 for that purpose. 
 
 POWERS OF STATE SOCIETIES 
 
 "The State Society will regulate everything ^ respect- 
 ing itself and the Societies in its districts consistent 
 with the general maxims of the Cincinnati, judge of the 
 qualifications of the members who may be proposed, 
 and expel anv member who. by conduct inconsistent 
 with a gentleman and a man of honor, or by an opposi- 
 tion to the interests of the community in general, or the 
 Society in particular, may render himself unwonhy to 
 continue a member. 
 
 ' In the " Proposals" the clause read that the State Society " vfill have the 
 right" to regulate everything respecting itself. 
 
 It was stricken out and the clause thus materially changed because in 
 all MUitan^ Socieries and Orders of reputarion supervisory authority is 
 ex necessitate rei vested somewhere to enforce compliance with its statutes. 
 The General Societ}- was not consdtuted by the State Socieries, but was, 
 '■for the sake of frequent communicauons," di%-ided into State Socieries as 
 agents for specified purposes, which could not then conveniently be per- 
 formed by the General Society. 
 
 14 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 FUNDS OF STATE SOCIETIES — HOW COMPOSED 
 
 *Tn order to form funds which may be respectable, 
 and assist the unfortunate, each officer shall deliver to 
 the Treasurer of the State Society one month's pay, 
 which shall remain forever to the use of the State 
 Society; the interest only, of which, if necessary, to 
 be appropriated to the relief of the unfortunate. 
 
 DONATIONS 
 
 "Donations may be made by persons not of the 
 Society, and by members of the Society, for the express 
 purpose of forming permanent funds for the use of the 
 State Society, and the interests of these donations 
 appropriated in the same manner as that of the month's 
 pay. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR RELIEF 
 
 "Moneys, at the pleasure of each member, may be 
 subscribed in the Societies of the districts, or the State 
 Societies, for the relief of the unfortunate members, or 
 their widows or orphans, to be appropriated by the 
 State Society only. 
 
 GENERAL SOCIETY — OF WHOM COMPOSED 
 
 "The meeting of the General Society shall consist of 
 its officers and a representation from each State Society, 
 
 15 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 in number not exceeding five/ whose expenses shall 
 be borne by their respective State Societies. 
 
 GENERAL OFFICERS AND TERM OF SERVICE 
 
 "In the general meeting, the President, Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Secretary, Assistant Secretary', Treasurer, and 
 Assistant Treasurer-Generals, shall be chosen, to serve 
 until the next meeting. 
 
 BUSINESS OF GENERAL SOCIETY 
 
 "The circular letters, which have been written by 
 the respective State Societies to each other, and their 
 particular laws,' shall be read and considered, and all 
 measures concerted which may conduce to the general 
 intendment of the Society. 
 
 ' In the '"Proposals" it was declared that "the General Meeting of the 
 Society shall consist of all the members who find it convenient to attend," 
 and the President, Secretarj-, and Treasurer of every State Society were 
 required to attend. The expressions "General" Meeting and "General" 
 Society- conveyed the intent emphasized in this clause ot the "Proposals," 
 that such General Meeting was the consoUdated Representative Authority. 
 The method proposed, however, being cumbersome, was amended so as to 
 provide for an equal representation from ever)" State Society. 
 
 ' In the "Proposals," nothing was mentioned as to the "particular laws" 
 of every State Society. 
 
 By the Institution, as agreed upon 13th May, 17S3, the General Society 
 is imperatively required, at every general meeting, to cause to be read the 
 circular letters and particular laws of every State Society and to consider them 
 and "concert all measures which may conduce to the general intendment 
 of the Society." 
 
 16 
 
^"l^rtU^/- ^oi.^^ 
 
 1732-17S5 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 FUNDS OF THE GENERAL SOCIETY 
 
 "It is probable that some persons may make dona- 
 tions to the General Society, for the purpose of estab- 
 lishing funds for the further comfort of the unfortunate, 
 in which case, such donations must be placed in the 
 hands of the Treasurer-'General, the interests only of 
 which to be disposed of, if necessary, by the general 
 meeting. 
 
 QUALIFICATIONS FOR ORIGINAL AND HEREDITARY 
 MEMBERSHIP 
 
 "All the officers of the American army, as well as 
 those who have resigned with honor, after three years' 
 service in the capacity of officers,' or who have been 
 deranged by the resolution of Congress upon the several 
 reforms of the army, as those who shall have continued 
 to the end of the war, have the right to become parties 
 to this institution; provided that they subscribe one 
 month's pay, and sign their names to the general rules, 
 in their respective State Societies, those who are present 
 with the Army immediately; and others within six 
 
 ' The "Proposals" authorized any officer who had resigned with honor to 
 become a part of the Institution, but this right was limited by amendment 
 so that no officer who had served less than three years under Continental 
 pay could become an Original Member unless he had been rendered super- 
 numerary in one of the several reductions of the Army by the Continental 
 Congress, or was in service when the Army was disbanded. 
 
 The " Proposals " made no reference to Honorary Members. 
 
 17 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 months after the Army shall be disbanded, extraordi- 
 nar)- cases excepted ;' the rank, time of senice, resolution 
 of Congress by which any have been deranged, and 
 place of residence must be added to each name — and, 
 as a testimony of affection to the memon," and the off- 
 spring of such officers as have died in the service, their 
 eldest male branches shall have the same right of 
 becoming members, as the children of the actual mem- 
 bers of the Society. 
 
 FOREIGN OFFICERS 
 
 "Those officers who are foreigners, not resident in 
 any of the States, will have their names enrolled by the 
 Secretan,"-General, and are to be considered as members 
 in the Societies of any of the States in which they may 
 happen to be. 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS 
 
 "-And as there are, and will at all times be, men 
 in the respective States eminent for their abilities and 
 patriotism, whose views may be directed to the same 
 
 * When the Insdturion was adopted, it was not foreseen that the Continental 
 Congress would not give the promised half pay for life. Consequently many 
 officers who had been retired in one of the several reductions of the army 
 wen; unable to contribute the required month's pay and never subscribed to 
 the Instittition. 
 
 .^y such officer always had the right to subscribe, and ever}- such case was 
 deemed " extraordinary." 
 
 iS 
 
GOVERNOR ALEXANDER MARTIN 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 laudable objects with those of the Cincinnati, it shall 
 be a rule to admit such characters, as Honorary Mem- 
 bers of the Society, for their own lives only: Provided 
 always, that the number of Honorary Members, in 
 each State, does not exceed a ratio of one to four of the 
 officers or their descendants. 
 
 ROLL 
 
 "Each State Society shall obtain a list of its members, 
 and at the first annual meeting, the State Secretary 
 shall have engrossed, on parchment, two copies of the 
 Institution of the Society, which every member present 
 shall sign, and the Secretary shall endeavor to procure 
 the signature of every absent member; one of those 
 lists to be transmitted to the Secretary-General, to be 
 kept in the archives of the Society, and the other to 
 remain in the hands of the State Secretary. From the 
 State lists, the Secretary-General must make out, at 
 the first general meeting, a complete list of the whole 
 Society, with a copy of which he will furnish each State 
 Society. 
 
 ORDER OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 "The Society shall have an Order, by which its 
 members shall be known and distinguished, which shall 
 be a medal of gold, of a proper size to receive the 
 
 19 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 emblems, and suspended by a deep blue riband two 
 inches wide, edged with white, descriptive of the union 
 of France and America, \iz.: 
 
 ^lEDAL OF THE ORDER DESCRIBED 
 " The principal figure, 
 
 CINCINNATUS: 
 
 Three Senitvirs piesenting ^im with a swoxJ in J cdier militirr enagns — ca a fieli in the 
 l^ckgtouQd, his wife standins; at the licvir of their cottage — near it 
 
 A PLOUGH .VNT? I^-STRl•MI:^•TS OF HrSB.\XT5RY. 
 
 Round d>e whole, 
 
 OMNIA RELIQllT SERVARE REMPUBLICAM. 
 
 On the reverse. 
 
 Sun rising — a dtr with own gats*. ac3 vessels entenng the peat — Fame crownii^ 
 dNCIXXATVS with a wreath, iasaribed 
 
 MRTITIS PR.\EMIUM. 
 
 Bei-'w, 
 H.\XDS JOIXED. SO-PORTING A HE.\RT 
 
 with the n:,--.-. 
 
 E5TO PERFErL".\. 
 
 Re- -' " '-. 
 
 SOCIETAS CINCIXXATOROI IXSTITITA. 
 
 20 
 
^\ yj« 
 
 MMky-. 4 
 
 I 
 
 
 s 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 FRENCH NAVAL AND MILITARY MEMBERS 
 
 The Society, deeply impressed with a sense of the gen- 
 erous assistance this country has received from France, 
 and desirous of perpetuating the friendships which have 
 been formed, and so happily subsisted, between the 
 officers of the allied forces in the prosecution of the 
 war, direct that the President-General submit, as soon 
 as may be, to each of the characters hereafter named, 
 a medal containing the Order of the Society, viz.: 
 
 His Excellency the Chevalier de la Luzerne, Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, 
 
 His Excellency the Sieur Gerard, late Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary, 
 Their Excellencies 
 The Count de Estaing, 
 The Count de Grasse, 
 The Count de Barras, 
 The Chevalier des Touches, 
 
 Admirals and Commanders in the Navy, 
 His Excellency the Count de Rochambeau, Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, 
 
 And the Generals and Colonels in his Army, and 
 acquaint them that the Society does itself the honor to 
 consider them members.' 
 
 ' The "Proposals" were quite different, and merely provided that all of 
 
 21 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 FORM OF OBLIGATION OF MEMBERSHIP 
 
 Resolved, That a copy of the aforegoing Institu- 
 tion be given to the senior officer of each State hne, 
 and that the officers of the respective State Unas sign 
 their names to the same, in manner and form following, 
 viz. : 
 
 "We, the subscribers, officers of the American Army, do 
 hereby voluntarily become parties to the foregoing Institu- 
 tion, and do bind ourselves to observe, and be governed by, 
 the principles therein contained. For the performance whereof 
 we do solemnly pledge to each other our sacred honor. 
 
 " Done in the Cantonment, on Hudson's River, in the year 
 1783." 
 
 That the members of the Society, at the time of sub- 
 scribing their names to the Institution, do also assign a 
 
 the French officers who sen-ed in the AuxiHaty Army under Lieutenant- 
 General Count de Rochambeau should have their names and Civil and Mil- 
 itary titles and places of residence inscribed in the Archives of the Society, 
 and that they should be entitled to all of the civilities and friendships of the 
 Society. 
 
 Neither the officers of the Cooperating Army who had serv^ed under 
 Vice-.\dmiral and Lieutenant-General Count D'Estaing in Rhode Island in 
 177S, and at the siege and assault of Savannah in 1 779, nor the French 
 Naval officers who had served on the American coast were included in the 
 " Proposals." 
 
 The clause was, consequently, amended so as to make members of such 
 officers — with the limitation, however, that not all such officers, but only 
 those who should have held during the service the rank of Colonel or superior 
 army rank, or held the grade of Flag Officer, should be eligible to original 
 membership. 
 
 22 
 
^^ 
 
 1756-1820 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 draft on the Paymaster-General, in the following terms 
 (the regiments to do it regimentally, and the generals 
 and other officers not belonging to regiments, each for 
 himself, individually), viz.: 
 
 FORM OF DRAFT FOR ONE MONTh's PAY 
 
 To John Pierce, Esquire, Paymaster-General to the Army 
 
 of the United States. 
 
 Sir: — Please pay to Treasurer for the 
 
 State association of the Cincinnati, or his order, one month's 
 pay of our several grades respectively, and deduct the same 
 from the balance which shall be found due to us on the final 
 liquidation of our accounts; for which this shall be your 
 warrant. 
 
 FIRST MEETING OF STATE SOCIETIES 
 
 That the members of the several State Societies as- 
 semble as soon as may be, for the choice of their Presi- 
 dent and other officers; and that the Presidents corre- 
 spond together, and appoint a meeting of the officers 
 who may be chosen from each State, in order to pursue 
 such further measures as may be judged necessary. 
 
 SIGNATURES TO THE INSTITUTION 
 
 That the General officers, and the officers delegated 
 to represent the several corps of the Army, subscribe 
 to the Institution of the General Society, for themselves 
 
 23 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 and their constituents, in the manner and form before 
 prescribed. 
 
 GENERAL WASHINGTON INVITED TO SUBSCRIBE 
 
 That General Heath, General Baron de Steuben, 
 and General Knox be a committee to wait on his Ex- 
 eellencv the Commander-in-Cliief, with a copy of the 
 instituticMi, and request him to honor the Society by 
 placiiit:; his name at the head o\' it.' 
 
 TRANSMISSION OF INSTITUTION TO COMMANDING OFFICER 
 
 AT EACH CONTINENTAL ST.\TE LINE ABSENT AT 
 
 OTHER ST.vnONS 
 
 That MajiM-General William Heath, second in 
 comm.md in this army. be. and he hereby is, desired 
 to tv.insniit copies o( the Institution, with the proceed- 
 ings thereon, to the commanding officer of the Southern 
 .Armv, the senior officer in each State, from Pennsyl- 
 vania to Georgia, inclusive, and to the commanding 
 officer oi the Rliode Island line, requesting them to 
 coninuuucate the same to the officers under their several 
 commands, and to take sucli measures as may appear 
 
 ' On M.iy iS, i^S^.C^cncral Stculion arranged with Goiur.il Hcatli to put 
 this resolution into execution. Tlu\- waited upon General Washington at 
 one o'clock on Tuesvlav, May ;o, 17^^ and secured his signature at the 
 head of the list ot" signatures to the Institution. 
 
 -2+ 
 
^cr'^^ fj o-/^t{jf~CLiyf.jw 
 
 C4i''-iSoi 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 to them necessary for expediting the estabUshment of 
 their State Societies, and sending a delegation to repre- 
 sent them in the first general meeting, to be holden on 
 the first Monday in May, 1784. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned without day. 
 
 Brevet Major Pierre Charles L'Enfant, a French- 
 man, of the Continental Corps of Engineers, to whom 
 the design for the decoration to be worn by the mem- 
 bers of the Order had been referred, objected to a 
 medal as an unsuitable emblem for a mihtary order, 
 and suggested the Bald Eagle as peculiar to America 
 and distinguished from that of other climes by its white 
 head and tail. At a meeting of the Society which appears 
 to have been called at the Public Building in the Can- 
 tonment of the American Army, this and other impor- 
 tant matters were considered as follows: 
 
 CANTONMENT 
 
 OF THE AMERICAN ARMY, I9TH OF JUNE, I783. 
 
 Meeting of igth of June, 1783 
 
 At a meeting of the General officers, and the gentle- 
 men delegated by the respective regiments, as a con- 
 vention for establishing the Society of the Cincinnati, 
 held by the request of the President, at which were 
 present: 
 
 25 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Major-General Baron de Steuben, Inspector-General, 
 President. 
 
 Major-General Robert Howe. 
 
 Major-General Henry Knox, Chief of the Continental 
 Corps of Artillery. 
 
 Brigadier-General John Patterson. 
 
 Brigadier-General Edward Hand, Adjutant-General. 
 
 Brigadier-General Jedediah Huntington. 
 
 Brigadier-General Rufus Putnam. 
 
 Colonel Samuel Blachley Webb, 3d Regiment Con- 
 necticut Continental Infantry. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Ebenezer Huntington, ist Regi- 
 ment Connecticut Continental Infantry. 
 
 Major Joseph Pettingill, ist Regiment Massachu- 
 setts Continental Infantry. 
 
 Lieutenant John Whiting, Adjutant 2d Regiment 
 Massachusetts Continental Infantry. 
 
 Colonel Henry Jackson, 4th Regiment Massachu- 
 setts Continental Infantry. 
 
 Captain Samuel Shaw, 3d Regiment Continental 
 Corps of Artillery. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel William Hull, 3d Regiment 
 Massachusetts Continental Infantry. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Maxwell, 8th Regiment 
 Massachusetts Continental Infantry. 
 
 26 
 
KKADINC; lil.OlN'l' 
 1756 1S07 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, 2(1 Regiment New 
 York Continental Infantry. 
 
 BARON Steuben's report 
 
 General Baron de Steuben acquainted the Conven- 
 tion that he had, agreeably to their request, at the last 
 meeting, transmitted to his Excellency the Chevalier de 
 la Luzerne, Minister Plenipotentiary from the Court 
 of France, a copy of the Institution of the Society of 
 the Cincinnati, with their vote respecting his Excel- 
 lency, and the other characters therein mentioned, 
 and that his Excellency had returned an answer, de- 
 claring his acceptance of the same, and expressing the 
 grateful sense he entertains of the honor conferred on 
 himself, and the other gentlemen of the French nation, 
 by this act of the Convention. 
 
 Resolved, That the letter of the Chevalier dela Luzerne 
 be recorded in the archives of the Society, as a testimony 
 of the high sense this Convention entertains of the 
 honor done to the Society by his becoming a member 
 thereof. 
 
 27 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 REPLY OF THE CHEVALIER DE LA LUZERNE 
 
 The letter is as follows: 
 
 Philadelphia, 3d June, 1783. 
 
 Monsieur le Baron, — I have received with much grati- 
 tude the Institution of the respectable Order that the officers 
 of the American Army have founded. If courage, patience, 
 and all the virtues that this brave army have so often dis- 
 played in the course of this war could ever be forgotten, this 
 monument alone should recall them. I dare assure you, sir, 
 that all the officers of my nation tliat you have been pleased 
 to admit in your Society will be infinitely honored by it. I 
 pray you to be fully persuaded, I feel, for my part, in the 
 most lively manner, the honor the officers of the army have 
 done me in deicrninc to think of me on this occasion. 
 
 I e.\pect to pay my respects to his excellence, General 
 Washington, as soon as the definite treaty shall be signed, 
 and I shall have the honor of assuring them, personally, of 
 my respectful acknowledgement. 
 
 I seize, \\'ith great eagerness, this occasion of expressing 
 to you the sentiments of the most pertect and most respectful 
 attachment with which I have the honor to be. Monsieur le 
 Baron, your very humble and obedient servant, 
 
 Le Chevalier de la Luzerne. 
 
 To Baron de Steuben, Major-General in the service of the United 
 States, Head Quarters. 
 
 The Baron having also communicated a letter from 
 Major L'Enfant, enclosing a design of the medal and 
 order, containing the emblems of the Institution, 
 
 28 
 
From an original Dtxoralion (jf ihr Ortlcr ef ihf 
 Cincinnati made fnr Colonel Anthnny Walton Wiiite, 
 who, in 1797, i'xchan_m*ti with General Tlia(.li.leus 
 Kosciusko for one maile from the die of the original 
 Decoration which was lost during the Reign of Ter- 
 ror in France. 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 AMENDATORY RESOLUTION AS TO ORDER OF THE 
 CINCINNATI 
 
 Resolved, That the bald eagle, carrying the emblems 
 on its breast, be established as the order of the Society, 
 and that the ideas of Major L'Enfant, respecting it 
 and the manner of its being worn by the members, be 
 adopted. That the order be of the same size, and in 
 every other respect conformable to the said design, 
 which for that purpose is certified by the Baron de 
 Steuben, President of this Convention, and to be 
 deposited in the archives of the Society, as the original, 
 from which all copies are to be made. Also, that silver 
 medals, not exceeding the size of a Spanish milled 
 dollar, with the emblems, as designed by Major L'En- 
 fant, and certified by the President, be given to each 
 and every member of the Society, together with a 
 diploma, on parchment, whereon shall be impressed 
 the exact figures of the order and medal as above 
 mentioned ; anything in the original Institution, re- 
 specting gold medals, to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 RESOLUTION OF THANKS TO BREVET MAJOR l'eNFANT 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention be 
 transmitted by the President to Major L'Enfant, for 
 his care and ingenuity in preparing the afore-mentioned 
 
 29 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 designs, and that he be acquainted that they cheerfully 
 embrace his offer of assistance, and request a continu- 
 ance of his attention in carrying the designs into exe- 
 cution, for which purpose the President is desired to 
 correspond with him. 
 
 GENERAL WASHINGTON CHOSEN PRESIDENT-GENERAL 
 
 Resolved, That his Excellency the Commander-in- 
 Chief be requested to officiate as President-General, 
 until the first general meeting, to be held in May next. 
 
 OTHER GENERAL OFFICERS CHOSEN 
 
 That a Treasurer-General and a Secretary-General 
 be balloted for to officiate in like manner. 
 
 The ballots being taken, Major-General M'Dougall 
 was elected Treasurer-General and Major-General 
 Knox Secretary-General, who are hereby requested 
 to accept said appointments. 
 
 RESOLUTION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE 
 CINCINNATI INSTITUTION AND RECORDS 
 
 Resolved, That all the proceedings of this Convention, 
 including the Institution of the Society, be recorded 
 (from the original papers in his possession) by Captain 
 Shaw, who at the first meeting was requested to act as 
 
 3° 
 
*\^- 
 
 ^ 
 
 N 
 
 : -« -^ ^ 
 
 
 '^ . \ 
 
 ^5 
 
 > ^ 
 
 N, 
 
 
 V 
 »;:• 
 
 " V ^C 
 
 
 '■ 3 ■ 
 
 V: 
 
 ->s^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 - V > ■■ 
 
 - 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 |v 
 
 ^■, 
 
 4 t 
 
 
 1 
 
 *' 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ; \ 
 
 
 
 N^. 
 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 Secretary, and that the same, signed by the President's 
 Secretary, together with the original papers, be given 
 into the hands of Major-General Knox, Secretary- 
 General to the Society; and that Captain North, aide- 
 de-camp to the Baron de Steuben, and acting secretary 
 to him as President, sign the said records. 
 
 The dissolution of a very considerable part of the 
 Army, since the last meeting of this Convention, having 
 rendered the attendance of some of its members im- 
 practicable, previous to the first meeting of the General 
 Society, being so strikingly obvious, the Convention 
 found itself constrained to make those before men- 
 tioned, which they have done with the utmost diffidence 
 of themselves, and relying entirely on the candor of 
 their constituents to make allowance for the measure. 
 The principal objects of its appointment being thus 
 accomplished, the members of this Convention think 
 fit to dissolve the same, and it is hereby dissolved ac- 
 cordingly. 
 
 Steuben, Major-General, 
 
 President. 
 
 S. Shaw, Capt. of Art., 
 
 Secretary to the Convention. 
 
 William North, A. D. C, 
 
 and Secretary to the President. 
 31 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Thus was completed the foundation of the Society 
 of the Cincinnati, noble in its aims, illustrious in its 
 origin, and charitable in its operations, but necessarily 
 exclusive; and before the close of 1783, all of the thir- 
 teen State Societies were formed, as follows: 
 
 New Hampshire, at Exeter, N. H., November 18, 
 
 1783- 
 Massachusetts, at the Cantonment on the Hudson 
 
 (New Windsor, N. Y.), June 9, 1783. 
 
 Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Sara- 
 toga Barracks, on the Hudson River (Schuylerville, 
 N. Y.), June 24, 1783. 
 
 Connecticut, at West Point, N. Y., July 4, 1783. 
 
 New York, at the Cantonment on the Hudson (New 
 Windsor, N. Y.), June 9, 1783. 
 
 New Jersey, at the Camp of the New Jersey Conti- 
 nental Brigade at Elizabethtown, N. J., June 11, 1783. 
 
 Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, Pa., October 4, 1783. 
 
 Delaware, at Wilmington, Del., July 4, 1783. 
 
 Maryland, at Annapolis, Md., November 21, 1783. 
 
 Virginia, at Fredericksburg, Va., October 6, 1783. 
 
 North Carolina, at Hillsborough, N. C, October 23, 
 
 1783- 
 South Carolina, at Charleston, S. C, August 29, 1783. 
 
 Georgia, at Savannah, Ga., August 13, 1783. 
 
 3^ 
 
/■^^.A£- a^f^^ 9t^ 
 
 175S-1801 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 The formation of these Societies excited the hostility 
 of those who envied the fame of its members; of those 
 who expected impossible social equality to result from 
 the Revolution; and of parties whose absence from the 
 country prevented their understanding its character. 
 As usual in such cases, the assailants were more active 
 than the defenders. Writers and orators throughout the 
 country declared that such a body, existing by heredi- 
 tary right, would become a menace to the spirit of our 
 government and a dangerous element in our Republic. 
 
 The most important public attack against the Society, 
 published in the United States, was made in October, 
 1783, by Hon. Aedanus Burke, an eccentric Irishman, 
 who was Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina. 
 He broke forth in a tirade against the Society of the 
 Cincinnati under the "nom de plume" of "Cassius," 
 beginning his attack with the Biblical phrase, "Blow 
 ye the trumpets in Zion." It was a long and passionate 
 outburst, displaying largely his extensive knowledge 
 of Latin authors, whom he freely quoted. The title 
 of the book was "Some Considerations of the Cincin- 
 nati." To this a modest reply was made by a Pennsyl- 
 vania farmer, a member of the Cincinnati, under the 
 nom de plume of "An Obscure Individual." Count 
 de Mirabeau, the future leader of the French Revolu- 
 
 33 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 tion, then in exile in London, having his attention 
 brought, by Franklin, to Judge Burke's book, pub- 
 lished, in September, 1784, a carefully prepared book 
 echoing the trumpet blast of Cassius, and predicting 
 the dire calamities which the Cincinnati would bring 
 upon our young Republic. 
 
 John Jay, our Minister to France, declared that if 
 the Society obtained permanent foothold in America, 
 he would "cease to care whether the Revolution had 
 succeeded or not." 
 
 Samuel Adams wrote, in May, 1784, "This is as 
 rapid a stride towards an hereditary military nobility 
 as ever was made in so short a time." 
 
 Franklin wrote from France, January 26, 1784, "I 
 wonder that when the united wisdom of our nation 
 had, in the Articles of Confederation, manifested their 
 dislike of establishing ranks of nobility by authority, 
 either of the Congress or of any particular State, a 
 number of private persons should think proper to dis- 
 tinguish themselves and their posterity from their 
 fellow citizens and form an Order of hereditary Knights, 
 in direct opposition to the solemnly declared sense of 
 their country." 
 
 John Adams wrote, April 25, 1785, "What is to 
 be done with the Cincinnati ? Is that order of chivalry, 
 
 34 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 that inroad upon our first principle, equality, to be 
 connived at ? It is the deepest piece of cunning yet 
 attempted." 
 
 The contest was bitter, but its humorous side was 
 seen by Knox and Steuben, who wrote to each other as 
 follows. 
 
 Steuben, under date of November ii, 1783, says to 
 Knox: 
 
 "A 9a Monsieur la Cincinnatus! your pernicious designs 
 are then unveiled, — you wish to introduce your dukes and 
 peers into our republic. No, my Lord, No, your Grace, that 
 will not do: there is a Cassius more far-sighted than this 
 German baron, of whom you have made a cat's-paw to draw 
 the chestnuts out of the fire. Cassius knows only a part of the 
 secret. He makes me author and grandmaster, thus whipping 
 you over my shoulders. But, Hsten! I will prove to Cassius 
 that this dangerous plan had its birth in the brains of two 
 Yankees: i. e. Knox and Huntington: therefore 'Blow ye 
 the trumpets of Zion.' " 
 
 Knox replied from Boston, February 21, 1784: 
 
 "Your Society, M. Baron, has occasioned a great deal of 
 jealousy among the good people of New England, who say 
 it is altogether an outlandish creation, formed by foreign 
 influence. It is still heightened by a letter from one of our 
 ministers abroad, who intimates that it was formed in Europe 
 to overthrow our happy institutions. . . . You see how 
 much you have to answer for by the introduction of your 
 European institutions. I contend to the utmost of my power 
 
 35 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 that you only had your share in the matter and no more, but 
 it will have no effect. Burke's allusion has fixed it, and you 
 must support the credit of having created a race of hereditary 
 nobility. . . . You must have observed, my dear friend, how 
 possible it is for the best intentions to be misconstrued and 
 misinterpreted." 
 
 The first General Meeting of the Society occurred at 
 Philadelphia, May 4 to 18, 1784. All the State Socie- 
 ties were represented, Washington presided, and, upon 
 his urgent recommendation, important changes in the 
 Institution were made. 
 
 Washington was deeply moved by the dissatisfaction, 
 distrust, and misunderstanding of the objects of the 
 Society, particularly by the general alarm throughout 
 the country at the establishment of an hereditary order. 
 In deference to public sentiment, he recommended 
 radical changes in the Institution of the Society, though 
 many of his closest friends were opposed to any con- 
 cession to the popular outcry. 
 
 Convinced of the necessity for immediate and essen- 
 tial alterations, he intimated his purpose of resigning 
 from the Society unless they were adopted, and accord- 
 ingly, at that meeting, an Amended Institution was 
 adopted, in which anything having a political tendency 
 was stricken out, the hereditary feature was discon- 
 tinued, subscription by donations from persons not 
 
 36 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 citizens of the United States was prohibited, and sev- 
 eral other features, demanded by General Washington, 
 were adopted, and, although this was the only meeting 
 of the Society he ever attended, he continued at the 
 head of the Society until his decease. The timely con- 
 cessions made to popular prejudice stilled all clamor 
 against the Society, antagonism to it soon ceased, and 
 some of its bitterest opponents, coming to understand 
 its aims, accepted honorary membership in it, among 
 them being Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. 
 
 And yet no change in the Institution was really made, 
 for the delegates to the General Society had no power 
 to bind their respective State Societies, and, when the 
 amendments were reported to the several State Societies, 
 some took no definite action and others refused to ratify 
 them. Finally, as it became evident that it was impossi- 
 ble to obtain unanimous consent to the organic changes 
 which would mark so wide a departure from the origi- 
 nal principles of the Society, the General Society, at its 
 meeting in Philadelphia, May 7, 1800, by unanimous 
 vote, declared "That the Institution of the Society 
 remains as it was originally proposed and adopted by 
 the officers of the American Army at their cantonments 
 on the banks of the Hudson River in 1783." After the 
 subsidence of the prejudices before mentioned, the 
 
 37 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Society attracted little of public attention. Devoting 
 itself, among its members, to the cultivation of the social 
 affections, to the relief of the indigent and the com- 
 memoration of the illustrious dead, it had little in com- 
 mon with the spirit of business that surrounded it. 
 Furthermore, the limited means of travel of those days 
 prevented large attendance at the meetings of the So- 
 cieties, and the emigration of many members to the 
 public lands to the westward soon dispersed the mem- 
 bership of the State Societies, especially of those not 
 having a conveniently located city in which to assemble; 
 consequently interest in the Society declined and, after 
 1835, the only State Societies that continued to meet 
 were those in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, 
 Pennsylvania, Maryland, and South Carolina. 
 
 For nearly two thirds of a century the Triennial 
 Meetings of the General Society had been sparsely 
 attended, it held no meetings after 18 12 until 1825, its 
 meetings were at irregular periods, and the membership 
 of these six State Societies was much reduced in num- 
 bers; but, on the approach of the centennial commemo- 
 rations of the events leading to the Revolution, interest 
 was aroused in the State Societies, the General Society 
 commenced its Triennial Meetings again in 1848, and 
 so great was the interest aroused in the perpetuation of 
 
 38 
 
1763-1835 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 the Society that special meetings of the General Society 
 were held in 1855 and 1856; and in 1854, at a meeting 
 of the General Society in Bahimore, where the six State 
 Societies that had continued regular meetings were 
 represented, it was 
 
 "Resolved, that each State Society shall have the full 
 right and power to regulate the admission of members, 
 both as to the qualifications of members and the terms 
 of admission; provided, that admission be confined to 
 the male descendants of original, ^ ^ 
 or of those who are now members ^, '^/!3<7'y2^^~ 
 (including collateral branches as "**^ 
 contemplated by the original constitution); or to the 
 male descendants of such officers of the Army or Navy 
 as may have been entitled to admission, but who failed 
 to avail themselves thereof within the time limited by 
 the constitution; or to the male descendants of such 
 officers of the army or navy of the Revolution as may 
 have resigned with honor or left the service with repu- 
 tation, or to the male collateral relatives of any officer 
 who died in the service without leaving issue." 
 
 Thenceforward the Society entered upon a career of 
 renewed activity. In i860 the matter of a restoration 
 of the dormant State Societies was considered by the 
 General Society, but the disturbed state of the country, 
 
 39 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 caused by the civil war of i86 1-65, rendered it imprac- 
 ticable to prosecute the scheme until more favorable 
 circumstances in our national history permitted of a 
 reasonable prospect of success. In 1872, in consequence 
 of inquiries from descendants of Revolutionary officers 
 residing in Rhode Island and Connecticut, the subject 
 of revival of the dormant Societies was again considered 
 by the General Society, resulting in the adoption of 
 a report, pointing out a mode of procedure, made by 
 Admiral H. K. Thatcher, chairman of a committee 
 appointed to consider the matter. The Rhode Island 
 Society was a small one, nearly all of its original mem- 
 bers remained in their State after the Revolution, and 
 many of them lived to an advanced age. Its meetings 
 were well attended, and as late as July 4, 183 1, there 
 were thirty members present at the annual meeting. 
 The meeting of July 4, 1832, was attended by only nine 
 members, one of them being an honorary member. 
 Although there was no quorum present at this meeting, 
 they voted to dissolve the Society and distribute their 
 funds; but this action was illegal, and it does not appear 
 that it was carried out, although some of the funds dis- 
 appeared. They held annual meetings on July 4, in 
 each succeeding year, inclusive of 1835, with decreasing 
 attendance, only five being present at this last meeting. 
 
 40 
 
1748-1804 
 
 Ct^c^i-O^ 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 As no quorum was present at any of these meetings, no 
 business was transacted beyond a resolve to meet in the 
 following year; but forty-two years elapsed before the 
 next meeting occurred, when, in 1877, through the sur- 
 vival of the venerable John Wanton Lyman, an hered- 
 itary member, and the conjoint action of qualified 
 descendants of other original members, a revived and 
 temporary organization of the Society of the Cincinnati 
 in Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was formed 
 December 12, 1877, by twelve descendants of original 
 members; and from the Legislature of Rhode Island 
 there was procured on March 26, 1878, by nine of them, 
 an Act recognizing the act of incorporation of the So- 
 ciety December 28, 18 14, amended so as to make them, 
 and one other with them, the successors of the original 
 incorporators, and empowering them to hold for the 
 benefit of the Rhode Island Society the fund remaining 
 and belonging to it. A delegation from this Society 
 presented its credentials to the General Society at its 
 meeting in Philadelphia, Pa., on May 22, 1878, and 
 this revived and reorganized Society was fully received 
 by the General Society at its meeting in Charleston, 
 S. C, April 13, 1881. 
 
 The Virginia Society, numbering about 300 original 
 members, was a large one. Its meetings were few, at 
 
 41 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 irregular periods, slimly attended, and almost entirely 
 of a charitable character. It never had any members in 
 hereditary succession. At its meeting on December i6, 
 1807, it resolved upon a qualified dissolution and a 
 presentation of the funds to the Washington Academy 
 near the town oi Lexington, in the County of Rock- 
 bridge, Va. Its last recorded meeting at which there 
 was a quorum present was held at Richmond, by a bare 
 quorum, on June 17, 1822, and on October 13, 1824, 
 its Standing Committee duly transferred the Society's 
 Permanent Fund, as previously directed, to Wash- 
 ington College, now known as Washington and Lee 
 University. 'Fhis fund now amounts to over 525,000, 
 and endows a chair known as the "Cincinnati Profes- 
 sorship of Mathematics," and an oration, designated 
 as the "Cincinnati Oration," is annually delivered 
 there at Commencement by the graduate attaining the 
 highest general scholarship. A provisional organiza- 
 tion in revival of the Society of the Cincinnati in the 
 State of Virginia was formed at a meeting of heredita- 
 rily eligibles at the Westmoreland Club in Richmond, 
 Va., on July 26, iSSg, which was fully received by 
 the General Society at its meeting in Philadelphia, May 
 13, 1896. 
 The Connecticut Society, at its anniversarj- meeting 
 
 4^ 
 
^^^m 
 
 tA, cjLrin-t 
 
 nss-fgio 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 on July 4, 1804, formally dissolved and directed a dis- 
 tribution of its funds, with a proviso that all monies 
 not disposed of by May 10, 1805, should be placed with 
 the Treasury of Yale College in trust for their mem- 
 bers or their legal representatives. The records of the 
 Society were placed in the hands of a member, but they 
 subsequently came into the possession of the Con- 
 necticut Historical Society at Hartford. On the original 
 roll of the Connecticut Society, which was among these 
 records, there were the signatures of 248 original mem- 
 bers, and 1 1 of hereditary members who had been ad- 
 mitted in the rights of officers who had fallen in battle 
 or died in the service. The Society had also 7 honorary 
 members. A provisional organization in revival of this 
 Society was formed at Hartford, Conn., July 4, 1890, 
 which was recognized by the General Society at its 
 meeting in Boston, June 14, 1893. It was incorporated 
 by the legislature of Connecticut, April 11, 1895, and 
 fully received by the General Society at its meeting in 
 Philadelphia, May 13, 1896. 
 
 The New Hampshire Society held its regular meetings 
 in eight different towns in the State, its last meeting 
 being held at Portsmouth on July 4, 1825. It distributed 
 its funds, and the last of its original members, Captain 
 Daniel Gookin, died about 1830. In 1842 his son, 
 
 43 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 John W. Gookin, presented the records of the Society 
 to the New Hampshire Historical Society at Concord, 
 N. H. There appear from their records to have been 
 29 original, 5 hereditary, and i honorary member in 
 the Society. A temporary organization in revival of 
 this Society, formed July 4, 1896, was recognized by 
 the General Society at its meeting in New York City, 
 May 1 1, 1899, and it was fully received by the General 
 Society at its meeting in Hartford, Conn., June 17, 
 1902. This Society has erected at Exeter, N. H., a Me- 
 morial Hall, in which, among other relics, are collected 
 paintings of Washington by Peale and Andrew Jackson 
 by John Trumbull. 
 
 The Delaware Society's last meeting was held at 
 Wilmington on February 22, 1800, when it formally 
 dissolved and distributed its funds. A list of its mem- 
 bers, returned to the General Society in 1788, shows 27 
 original members, but fuller investigation shows that 
 there were 36 original and 2 hereditary members. A 
 provisional organization in revival of this Society was 
 formed at Wilmington, Del., February 22, 1895, and 
 an act of incorporation was obtained from the legisla- 
 ture of Delaware on March 20 of the same year. This 
 organization sent delegates to the meeting of the Gen- 
 eral Society at Philadelphia, INIay 13, 1896, who were 
 
 44 
 
ns6r-i^^l< 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 accorded the privileges of the floor without the right to 
 vote or take part in the proceedings; it was recognized 
 at the meeting of the General Society in New York 
 City, May 1 1, 1899, and fully received by the General 
 Society at its meeting in Hartford, Conn., June 17, 
 1902. 
 
 In approaching a sketch of the North Carolina 
 Society, a brief reference to two events in North Caro- 
 lina history, exhibiting the patriotism of many of those 
 whose descendants are now found in that State Society 
 of the Cincinnati, will be of interest to North Carolina 
 readers. 
 
 Although the grievances of the American Colonies 
 prior to the American Revolution had been great, re- 
 sistance to the authority of Great Britain, assuming 
 the form of war, was not begun until 1775, nor was this 
 with any view to severing connection with the mother 
 country. A redress of grievances as British subjects 
 was all that was contemplated by the authorities. The 
 Scotch-Irish people of the County of Mecklenburg, 
 N. C, were, however, an exception to this general 
 sentiment of loyalty. The leading spirits in that county 
 were ripe for revolution; they were opposed to mon- 
 archy, had very little attachment to the mother country, 
 and were ready to throw it ofi^ at any favorable opportu- 
 
 45 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 nity. They were a highly educated, God-fearing people. 
 They had carefully observed the progress of the con- 
 troversy with Great Britain and, during the winter of 
 1774-75, political meetings had frequently been held 
 at Charlotte, the county seat. That town had been 
 chosen for the location of the Presbyterian College, 
 which the Legislature of North Carolina had chartered, 
 but which the King had disallowed, and it was the 
 centre of culture in that part of the colony. 
 
 Early in May, 1775, news was received that the Par- 
 liament of Great Britain had declared the colonies in a 
 state of rebellion. To the good people of Mecklenburg 
 a crisis in American affairs had arrived, 
 "^'^ and they proposed to declare inde- 
 pendence of royal authority. At the instance of Colonel 
 Thomas Polk of the militia, two delegates from each 
 company were called together at Charlotte May 19, 
 1775, as a representative committee. Before their con- 
 sultations were completed, news of the shedding of in- 
 nocent blood at Lexington, on April 19, arrived, and, 
 filled with patriotic zeal, they resolved to throw off the 
 British connection, thus taking a much bolder stand 
 than either the Colonial or Continental Congress had 
 yet attempted. The first four resolutions of the Decla- 
 ration of Independence by the citizens of Mecklenburg 
 
 46 
 
K^^^a^^A^Mf^i^ 
 
 r/^x-fr^^V' 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 County, N. C, prepared by this committee May 20, 
 1775, are as follows: 
 
 " I. Resolved, That whosoever directly or indirectly 
 abetted, or in any way, form or manner, countenanced 
 the dangerous invasion of our rights as claimed by 
 Great Britain, is an enemy of this country — to Amer- 
 ica — and to the inherent and inalienable rights of man. 
 
 " 2. Resolved, That we, the citizens of Mecklenburg 
 County, do hereby dissolve the political bands which 
 have connected us with /^^ / ^y-> 
 the Mother Country (j)mZ^i^^^^^^^'^^K. 
 
 and hereby absolve / --^ — ^ 
 
 ourselves from all allegiance to the British Crown, and 
 abjure all political connection, contract or association 
 with that Nation, who have wantonly trampled on our 
 rights and liberties and inhumanly shed the innocent 
 blood of the American patriots at Lexington. 
 
 "3. Resolved, That we do hereby declare ourselves 
 a free and independent people; are, and of right ought 
 to be, a sovereign and self-governing association, under 
 the control of no power other than that of our God and 
 the General Government of the Congress; to the main- 
 tenance of which independence we solemnly pledge to 
 each other our mutual co-operation, our lives, our for- 
 tunes, and our most sacred honor. 
 
 47 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 " 4. Resolved, That as we now acknowledge the 
 existence and control of no law or legal officer, civil or 
 ^O^ /;7 G) military, within this county, we 
 / do hereby ordain and adopt, as 
 
 a rule of life, each and every one of our former laws 
 — wherein, nevertheless, the crown of Great Britain 
 never can be considered as holding rights, privileges, 
 immunities or authority therein." 
 
 This act is one of the boasted recollections of North 
 Carolina ever to be cherished and never to be forgotten. 
 
 The spirit of liberty was abroad throughout all of 
 the colonies. In North Carolina the Royal Governor, 
 Josiah Martin, armed with despotic powers, was soon 
 thereafter driven to take refuge upon the Cruiser, a 
 ship of war at anchor in the Cape Fear River, where 
 he fulminated his proclamation of August 8, 1775, de- 
 nouncing the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independ- 
 ence as well as the Provincial Congress which had 
 been formed, for the Royal Governor had abandoned 
 his reins of power, and #< o^ 
 
 North Carolina, being ^J/ ^(/^^^'^'^^''^t^^ 
 thus without a government, except that of its own 
 choice, had chosen delegates to a congress which met at 
 Hillsboro on August 2 1, 1775. The people of North 
 Carolina had determined to be free in every respect. 
 
 48 
 
■ 
 
 ^S^H 
 
 ■ 
 
 ^Hi 
 
 4^1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 C-^ /lot.4t-JJ^^^i 
 
 - J»30 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 A Provincial Government was formed and a Provincial 
 Congress met at Halifax April 4, 1776. (The fourth 
 meeting of the people in a representative capacity op- 
 posed to a Royal Government in North Carolina.) 
 This Congress di- 
 vided the Colony 
 into military dis- 
 tricts, organized 
 troops for defence, and on motion of Cornelius Harnett 
 of Wilmington, on April 12, 1776, it passed the follow- 
 ing resolution: 
 
 " Resolved, That the delegates from this colony in the 
 Continental Congress be empowered to concur with 
 the delegates from the other colonies, in declaring in- 
 dependence and forming foreign alliances; reserving 
 to this colony the sole and exclusive right of forming 
 a constitution and laws for this colony." 
 
 This act displayed the spirit of North Carolina, and 
 shows that, more than two months before the event 
 was declared by the Continental Congress, she was 
 ready as a State to dissolve the bonds that bound her 
 to the Mother Country. 
 
 The descendants of many of the actors in this drama, 
 now members of the North Carolina Society of the 
 Cincinnati, point with just pride to these two events. 
 
 49 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 On October 23, 1783, at Hillsborough, N. C, the 
 North CaroHna Society of the Cincinnati was organized 
 with Brigadier-General Jethro Sumner as President, 
 Brevet Brigadier-General Thomas Clark, Vice-Presi- 
 dent, and Chaplain Adam Bojd, Secretary, and hon- 
 orary membership was conferred upon the following 
 persons: 
 
 Hon. William Blount, 
 
 Hon. William Richardson Davie, 
 
 Governor Alexander Martin, 
 
 Colonel Isaac Shelby, 
 
 Hon. Richard Caswell, 
 
 Colonel Benjamin Hawkins, 
 
 Governor John Se\ ier, 
 
 Hon. Richard Dobbs Spaight. 
 
 Of the six hundred odd officers who served in the 
 
 North Carohna Continental Line for various periods 
 
 during the Revolution, about one fifth were, under the 
 
 >, ^_^ requirements of the Institution 
 
 ^ ?l f /yd.</fCz^7^-'~\ '^'^ ^^^^ Cincinnati, eligible to 
 
 membership. Of these there is 
 reason to believe that about one hundred availed them- 
 selves of the privilege in the autumn of 1783. The 
 names of sixt^-four are known, and there \\ere also 
 at least two hereditar}- members, John Ingram, son of 
 
 50 
 
EENJAMLN CA i 1 ELL 
 .1749-1782 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel James Ingram, who died in service, 
 and James Porterfield, brother of Captain Denny 
 Porterfield, who was killed in battle at Eutaw Springs, 
 September 8, 178 1. 
 
 Major-General Robert Howe, of Brunswick County, 
 N. C, was one of the generals present at the first meeting 
 at the Cantonment of the Continental Army at Wind- 
 sor, near Newburgh, N. Y., on May 10, 1783, for the 
 purpose of founding the Society, and his signature 
 appears among the first appended to the Institution. 
 
 The North Carolina Society was almost the last one 
 to organize, and it had but a brief existence. Diligent 
 effort has been made to discover the disposition of its 
 records and funds, but without avail or encouragement 
 to hope for success. The following letters from Gen- 
 eral Jethro Sumner, President, and Chaplain Adam 
 Boyd, Secretary of the Society, are in the archives of the 
 General Society, and are the earliest evidence of the ex- 
 istence of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 Halifax, N. C, 28th October, 1783. 
 
 Sir: — At the request of the officers of -the Line of this 
 State, I do myself the honor to return you their thanks 
 and my own for your favour, covering a letter from his 
 Excellency the Chevalier de la Luzerne, and other pa- 
 
 51 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 pers. The officers being highly pleased with the Insti- 
 tution, will most cheerfully concur in any measures that 
 shall be adopted for promoting its benevolent designs. 
 Not to support such an Institution betrays, in their 
 opinion, a want of public virtue. 
 
 It appears to be the sentiment of the Societies to the 
 southward that the first general meeting should be 
 held at Fredericksburg, in Virginia. That place, it is 
 tho't, is nearly centrical, and most convenient for the 
 President-General. The compUance of the Northern 
 Societies, in this, will give us very great pleasure. 
 
 I shall always be extremely glad to hear from and to 
 correspond with you, and have the honour to be, with 
 great respect. 
 
 J^/fh/rv^^^U/Tf^efxC^^ 
 
 Brig. Gen'l and President. 
 
 Hon. Major-General Baron de Steuben. 
 
 Wilmington, Cape Fear, 29th Dec'r, 1783. 
 
 Sir: — In October a few officers of this State met at 
 Hillsborough and laid the foundation of a Society on the 
 plan of the Cincinnati. Among other things they re- 
 solved that the President should acquaint the Secretary- 
 General with their desire that the first general meeting 
 should be held at Fredericksburg, in Virginia. That 
 
 5^ 
 
n(oi-iiij 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 place is tho't to be nearly centrical, and more conven- 
 ient than any other for the President-General. This 
 last was most decisive with them. 
 
 The President having been obliged to go home before 
 any letters could have been written, I was desired to 
 write to you on the subject. This I did upon the spot, 
 and I gave the letter to a gentleman coming directly 
 here. Since my return to this place I find that the letter 
 was lost and, not knowing that General Sumner has 
 had an opportunity of conveying one to you, I again 
 address you, lest the wishes of the N. Carolina Society 
 should not reach you in proper time, and I should incur 
 their censure, this very undeservedly. 
 
 A pamphlet, said to be the production of Judge Burke, 
 in So. Carolina, has created opponents to the Cincin- 
 nati. It has been in the town, but I have not yet got a 
 sight of it. His objections, I am told, are founded upon 
 a surmise that the Cincinnati mean to establish a nu- 
 merous peerage in direct contradiction to the federal 
 union of the States. This he has tortured out of the 
 "hereditary succession." The whole appears to me 
 altogether chimerical, but there are swarms of Butter- 
 fly statesmen and patriots, who flutter and strutt in the 
 sunshine of safety and peace. These things affect to be 
 lynx-eyed and, however groundless their cries may be 
 
 53 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 yet, being generally of a popular tone, they are received 
 as "proofs of holy writ." 
 
 Terrible things have been threatened against us, and 
 I do expect our Assembly, in their April sessions, will 
 be moved to suppress the Society. At that time we have 
 a meeting, and if you can furnish anything to strengthen 
 our hands, you will render us a very acceptable service. 
 
 As our President lives nearly 200 miles from a sea- 
 port, town or post-office, letters for him had better be 
 sent here. I am about to change my place of residence, 
 but, if I do leave this, our Vice-President (General 
 Clark) and several officers will be here and take care of 
 such letters. 
 
 I have the honour to be, with much respect. 
 
 Your very humble and most obedient servant, 
 
 Sec'y. 
 P. S. I would most gladly correspond with the Sec- 
 retary of your State Society. If you will please tell 
 him so, you will do me a favour. My address is Rev'd 
 A. B., Wilmington, Cape Fear. This is the South part 
 of No. Carolina and vessels from Boston often come 
 here. If I remove, my address will not be changed. 
 
 Honourable General Knox. 
 
 54 
 
/<^e^&'i^.—/7Vc^y~tt't^^:^ 
 
 1766-1821 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 At the special meeting held at Hillsborough, N. C, 
 April i8, 1784, Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Lytle, 
 Major Reading Blount, and Major Griffith John McRee 
 
 
 
 ^a^^^sr 
 
 tim?u^^^ 
 
 were elected delegates to the meeting of the General 
 Society which occurred in Philadelphia in May of 
 that year. Subsequent meetings are known to have 
 been held at Fayetteville, N. C, on July 5, 1784 (at 
 which the Amended Institution was "highly ap- 
 proved"), and July 4, 1785, and at Halifax, N. C, on 
 July 4, 1786, and it is possible that there was a special 
 
 55 
 
^ 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 meeting held in March, 1785, at which Lieutenant- 
 Colonel John Baptista Ashe was chosen to fill the va- 
 cancy in the presidency 
 caused by the decease 
 of General Jethro Sum- 
 ner, and that there were other meetings, for in 1787 
 Brevet Major Howell Tatum was elected Secretary to 
 succeed Rev. Adam Boyd, and that Major Robert 
 Fenner was then // a ^^ a / 
 
 elected Treasurer. 4y^^< 
 The latter was 
 the sole repre- 
 sentative of the State Society at the meeting of the 
 General Society in Philadelphia in May, 1787, the other 
 two delegates, Colonel William Polk' and Major Read- 
 ing Blount, failing to attend. 
 
 At the next triennial meeting of the General Society 
 at Philadelphia, in May, 1790, the North Carolina So- 
 ciety was represented by Colonel Benjamin Hawkins 
 
 ' Colonel William Polk, who died January 14, 1834, was the last sur- 
 vivor of the officers of the North Carolina Continental Line. Lieutenant 
 Samuel Ashe, Jr., of the North Carolina Dragoons, being State troops in 
 Continental service, was the last surviving original member of the North 
 Carolina Society of the Cincinnati. He died in 1835. The last surviving 
 member of the Society of the Cincinnati was Lieutenant Robert Burnett, 
 Jr., of the New York State Society, who died November 29, 1854, at 
 Ncwburgh, N. Y., near the birthplace of the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 56 
 
I741-I797 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 alone. After this last date, no delegates from North 
 Carolina were ever present at the meetings of the Gen- 
 eral Society, until after the revival of the Society, nor, 
 as far as known, were there any meetings of the State 
 Society. It is believed, however, that there was a 
 meeting of the Society on July 4, 179 1, after which the 
 Society informally dissolved. 
 
 It is probable, owing to their scattered residence and 
 the difficulty of meeting, many of the members having 
 taken up lands to the westward across the mountains 
 in Tennessee and Georgia, as well as the hostility 
 referred to, that whatever of funds remained were 
 distributed and the Society informally dissolved. It 
 remained in a dormant condition until April 4, 1896, 
 when, in the State Library Record at Raleigh, N. C, 
 ten primogenitive descendants of original members, in 
 the male line, whose names are as follows : 
 John Gray Blount, Great-grandson of Deputy Paymas- 
 ter-General Jacob Blount, 
 John Myers Blount, Grandson of Major Reading 
 
 Blount, 
 John Collins Daves, Great-grandson of Captain John 
 
 Daves, 
 Richard Bradley Hill, Great-grandson of Lieutenant 
 John Hill, 
 
 57 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Wilson Gray Lamb, Great-grandnephew of Lieutenant 
 
 Abner Lamb, 
 James Iredell McRee, Great-grandson of Major Grif- 
 fith John McRee, 
 William Law Murfree, Great-grandson of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Hardy Murfree, 
 William Polk, Grandson of Major William Polk, 
 William Johnson Saunders, Grandson of Lieutenant 
 
 William Saunders, 
 Lee Haywood Yarborough, Great-grandson of Captain 
 
 Edward Yarborough, — 
 formed a Provisional Organization and sent delegates 
 to the Triennial Meeting of the General Society in Phil- 
 adelphia, May 13, 1896, where they were accorded the 
 ^ /^ /T privileges of the floor 
 
 (/n^^-iA^ l/j-CcZ^ without the right to 
 
 • s— ,« ^ vote or take part in 
 
 the proceedings. The Society was incorporated by an 
 Act of the General Assembly of North Carolina, dated 
 the i6th day of February, 1899, and this organization 
 was duly recognized by the General Society at its meet- 
 ing in New York City, May 1 1, 1899, and fully received 
 by the General Society at its meeting in Hartford, 
 Conn., June 17, 1902. 
 The Georgia Society was short-lived and small in 
 
 58 
 
CHARLES POLK 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 numbers. As no trace of its records can be found, what 
 little is known of its meetings is discovered only in con- 
 temporary newspaper accounts and a few letters. From 
 these can be constructed a fairly complete list of officers 
 and members to the beginning of the last century. The 
 last meeting of which anything is known, was held 
 March 2, 1822, when officers for the ensuing year were 
 elected. The Society was represented at the Triennial 
 Meetings of the General Society in 1784, 1787, and 
 1790. In 1824 its permanent fund found its way to the 
 Treasury of the United States, where it remained until 
 185 1, when, in due form, it was absorbed by the Gen- 
 eral Society. 
 
 This Society was revived at Savannah, Ga., March 4, 
 1899, by a provisional organization, which was recog- 
 nized by the General Society at its meeting in Hartford, 
 Conn., June 17, 1902, and its delegates were accorded 
 the privileges of the floor without any right to partici- 
 pate in the proceedings. By authority of the General 
 Society, given at this time, it was fully received as a 
 member of the Institution, by the Standing Executive 
 Committee of the General Society, on October 18, 1902. 
 This action and the return of the original fund of the 
 Society by an assessment upon the funds of the other 
 Societies, amounting to $1,692.09, in September, 1903, 
 
 59 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 was ratified and approved by the General Society at its 
 meeting in Richmond, Va., May lo, 1905. This So- 
 ciety was incorporated by an Act of the Legislature 
 of Georgia, May 30, 1904. 
 
 The Order of the Cincinnati is now full of life and 
 activity. The number of living members as reported 
 to the Triennial Meeting in Richmond, Va., in May, 
 1905, was eight hundred and forty-eight. (The original 
 number, not including the branch Society in France, 
 was nineteen hundred odd.) The limited number of 
 its honorary members, at that date, included President 
 Roosevelt, ex-President Cleveland, Admiral Dewey, 
 Lieutenant-General Miles, Lieutenant-General Scho- 
 field, and President Loubet of France. The late Pre- 
 sident McKinley and ex-President Harrison were 
 honorary members. President Monroe was an original 
 member, and President Pierce an hereditary member. 
 
 Membership in the Society, at its foundation, was 
 extended to all the French officers who had served in 
 the cooperating army under Count d'Estaing or in the 
 auxiliary army under Count de Rochambeau and had 
 held or received the grade of Colonel or higher for such 
 services, or had commanded a French fleet or ship of 
 war on the American coast. This honor was received 
 in France with high enthusiasm, and through the in- 
 
 60 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 strumentality of Lieutenant-Generals Count d'Estaing 
 and de Rochambeau and Marquis de Lafayette, the 
 King of France, Louis XVI, authorized his officers to 
 join the Association of the Cincinnati, and he took such 
 a Hvely interest in it that, notwithstanding the National 
 Constitutional Assembly of France, in June, 1790, under- 
 took to abolish the Royal and Military Order of Saint 
 Louis, he continued almost to the day of his arrest, in 
 1792, to scrutinize and approve applications for mem- 
 bership in the Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 Major L'Enfant of the Corps of Engineers in the ser- 
 vice of the United States, being in his native country 
 on his own private affairs, and at the same time trans- 
 acting some business relative to the Order of the Cin- 
 cinnati, in writing, December 25, 1783, to Major-Gen- 
 eral Baron de Steuben, in this country, says as fol- 
 lows ; 
 
 "It is with the greatest satisfaction that I acquaint you 
 with the success of the Cincinnati in France. The difficulties 
 have been removed that could have been opposed to the 
 admission of the Order in France, where they are accustomed 
 to tolerate no foreign Order. His Majesty, desirous of giving 
 to the Americans a proof of the friendship which he wishes 
 to maintain with them, has permitted his officers to wear this 
 badge with the other Orders of his Kingdom. . . . Here in 
 France they are more ambitious to obtain the Order of the 
 Cincinnati than to be decorated with the Cross of St. Louis." 
 
 61 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Major-General Duportail, writing from Paris De- 
 cember 24, 1783, to Brigadier-General Marquis de la 
 Rouerie, then in Philadelphia, says: 
 
 " I assure you that it (The Order of the Cincinnati) has 
 made more noise here than it does in America." 
 
 On March 10, 1784, the French members of the So- 
 ciety of the Cincinnati, then in Paris and vicinity, met, 
 pursuant to a previous adjournment, at the hotel of the 
 Count de Rochambeau and elected Count d'Estaing 
 as President and Count de Segur as Secretary pro tem- 
 pore, and postponed completion of a permanent organi- 
 zation until the coming 4th of July, at which date 
 they met in Paris under the chairmanship of Vice- 
 Admiral and Lieutenant-General Count d'Estaing at 
 his hotel in Rue Saint Anne and elected officers and a 
 Standing Committee, thus completing the organization 
 of the Society of the Cincinnati in France, which num- 
 bered two hundred and eighty members. 
 
 A large number of the members of the Society in 
 France rose to the highest honors and added to the 
 renown of the Society. 
 
 Early in 1784 the officers of t'he French Navy who 
 were members of the Cincinnati gave emphasis to their 
 estimation of the honor by uniting in a subscription for 
 the fabrication of a decoration of the Society, elabo- 
 
 62 
 
THE JEWEJ.LKD DECORATION 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 rately set in diamonds, rubies, and emeralds, for presen- 
 tation to the President-General of the Society, General 
 Washington, which was received in time to be worn by 
 him at the first General Meeting of the Society in Phila- 
 delphia, in May, 1784, and has continued to be worn 
 by each succeeding President-General. 
 
 The overthrow of the French Monarchy and the 
 inauguration of the Reign of Terror dispersed the 
 French members of the Cincinnati and put an end to 
 their further meetings. 
 
 After the Restoration of 18 14, the same apathy re- 
 garding the perpetuation of the Society was shown 
 by the aged members of the Society in France as among 
 their equally aged brethren in America. It was not 
 until 1887 that certain French gentlemen, holding mem- 
 bership in State Societies in America, derived from 
 original members of the Society in France, together 
 with others in France who were entitled to hereditary 
 membership, met in Paris and took measures to revive 
 the Society, and whenever they shall have permanently 
 organized with a membership sufficient for the purpose, 
 according to the Principles of the Institution and the 
 Spirit of the French Government, that Society will 
 be authorized to resume its place in the Society of the 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 63 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 The early meetings of the Cincinnati were conducted 
 with much dignity, the members usually wearing their 
 uniforms and, after meetings, marching to some church 
 or public hall to listen to an appropriate address. 
 
 An account is preserved of an elaborate ceremony at 
 Fraunces Tavern, in New York, on the occasion of the 
 investiture of new members. Major-General Baron de 
 Steuben presided and Major-General Hamilton was the 
 orator. The entry of the candidates was announced by a 
 herald and trumpet blasts as they approached the Presi- 
 dent, and each, with the standard of the Cincinnati in 
 his left hand and his right hand on the Bible, took the 
 oath of fidelity, upon which he received his Cincinnati 
 Decoration, after which ceremony they sat down to a 
 banquet. 
 
 The annual meetings of the State Societies and the 
 Triennial Meetings of the General Society are now 
 always supplemented by a banquet, at which thirteen 
 appropriate toasts, including one to the memory of 
 Washington, first President-General, are given, followed 
 by appropriate responses. The toast to General Wash- 
 ington is drank standing and in silence. 
 
 4wUf' (^^JCl/irU, 
 
 64 
 
FLAG OF THE SOCIF.TY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL SOCIETY 
 OF THE CINCINNATI FROM ITS 
 INSTITUTION IN 1783 
 
 PRESIDENTS-GENERAL 
 
 1783 George Washington, of Virginia. 
 1800 Alexander Hamilton, of New York. 
 
 1805 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Car- 
 olina. 
 1825 Thomas Pinckney, of South CaroUna. 
 1829 Aaron Ogden, of New Jersey. 
 1839 Morgan Lewis, of New York. 
 1844 William Popham, of New York. 
 1848 H. A. Scannell Dearborn, of Massachusetts. 
 1854 Hamilton Fish, of New York. 
 1896 William Wayne, of Pennsylvania. 
 1902 Winslow Warren, of Massachusetts. 
 
 vice-presidents-general 
 
 1784 Horatio Gates, of Virginia. 
 
 1787 Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania. 
 1799 Alexander Hamilton, of New York. 
 
 65 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 1800 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Car- 
 olina. 
 1805 Henry Knox, of Massachusetts. 
 18 1 1 John Brooks, of Massachusetts. 
 1825 Aaron Ogden, of New Jersey. 
 1829 Morgan Lewis, of New York. 
 1839 William Shute, of New Jersey. 
 1844 Horace Binney, of Pennsylvania. 
 1848 Hamilton Fish, of New York. 
 1854 Charles Stewart Davies, of Massachusetts. 
 1866 James Warren Sever, of South Carolina. 
 1872 James Simons, of South Carolina. 
 188 1 William Armstrong Irvine, of Pennsylvania. 
 1887 Robert Milligan McLane, of Maryland. 
 1896 Winslow Warren, of Massachusetts. 
 1902 James Simons, 2D, of South Carolina. 
 
 secretaries-general 
 
 1783 Henry Knox, of Massachusetts. 
 
 1799 William Jackson, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1829 Alexander W. Johnston, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1857 Thomas McEuen, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1875 George Washington Harris, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1884 Asa Bird Gardiner, of Rhode Island. 
 
 66 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 ASSISTANT SECRETARIES-GENERAL 
 
 1784 Otho Holland Williams, of Maryland. 
 1787 George Turner, of South Carolina. 
 1790 William MacPherson, of Pennsylvania. 
 1799 Nathan Dorsey, of Pennsylvania. 
 1802 William Dent Beall, of Maryland. 
 1825 John Markland, of Pennsylvania. 
 1829 Thomas McEuen, of Pennsylvania. 
 1857 George Washington Harris, of Pennsylvania. 
 1875 Richard Irvine Manning, of South Carolina. 
 1890 Thomas Pinckney Lowndes, of South Caro- 
 lina. 
 1896 Nicholas Fish, of New York. 
 1905 John Cropper, of Virginia. 
 
 treasurers-general 
 
 1783 Alexander McDougall, of New York. 
 1796 William Jackson, of Pennsylvania. 
 1799 William MacPherson, of Pennsylvania. 
 1825 Allan McLane, of Pennsylvania. 
 1832 John Markland, of Pennsylvania. 
 1838 Joseph Warren Scott, of New Jersey. 
 1872 Tench Tilghman, of Maryland. 
 1875 Alexander Hamilton, Jr., of New York. 
 
 67 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 1881 John Schuyler, of New York. 
 1896 Richard Meredith McSherry, of Maryland. 
 1899 Frederick Wolcott Jackson, of New Jersey. 
 1906 Francis Marinus Caldwell, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 ASSISTANT treasurers-general 
 
 1825 Alexander W. Johnston, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1829 John Markland, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1832 Joseph Warren Scott, of New Jersey. 
 
 1838 William Jackson, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 185 1 John Henry Markland, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1863 John McDowell, of New Jersey. 
 
 1872 William Berrien Dayton, of New Jersey. 
 
 188 1 Herman Burgin, of New Jersey. 
 
 1893 Henry Thayer Drowne, of Rhode Island. 
 
 1899 M^- John Cropper, of Virginia. 
 
 1906 Mr. Charles Isham, of New York. 
 
 chaplains 
 
 1887 Right Reverend William Stevens Perry, 
 S. T. D., LL. D., D. C. L., of Iowa.' 
 
 1887 Reverend Samuel Moore Shute, D. D., of 
 New Jersey. = 
 
 • Died in Dubuque, Iowa, May 13, 1898. 
 ■ Died in Charleston, S. C, August 12, 1898. 
 
 68 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 1887 Reverend Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 
 
 S. T. D., of South Carolina.' 
 1899 Reverend Frank Landon Humphreys, S.T.D., 
 
 of New Jersey. 
 1902 Reverend Mancius Holmes Hutton, D. D., of 
 
 New Jersey. 
 1902 Reverend Henry Barton Chapin, D. D., 
 
 Ph. D., of New York. 
 1906 Right Reverend Joseph Blount Cheshire, 
 
 D. D., of North Carolina. 
 
 ' Died in Kerfoot, Fauquier Co., Va., April 15, 1902. 
 
 69 
 
OFFICERS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA SO- 
 CIETY OF THE CINCINNATI FROM ITS 
 ORGANIZATION AT HILLSBOROUGH, N. C, 
 OCTOBER 23, 1783 
 
 presidents 
 
 1783 Brigadier-General Jethro Sumner. 
 
 1785 Lieutenant-Colonel John Baptista Ashe. 
 
 Loss of the records renders it impossible to give 
 
 names of successors, if any, after the last quoted 
 
 date, until 
 
 1896 Honorable Wilson Gray Lamb. 
 
 vice-presidents 
 
 1783 Brevet Brigadier-General Thomas Clark. 
 Loss of records renders it impossible to give 
 names of successors, if any, after this date, until 
 
 1897 Honorable Graham Daves, A. B. 
 1904 Mr. John Collins Daves, A. B. 
 
 secretaries 
 
 1783 Chaplain Adam Boyd. 
 
 1787 Brevet Major Howell Tatum. 
 
 70 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 Loss of records renders it impossible to give 
 names of successors, if any, after this date, until 
 1896 Mr. James Iredell McRee. 
 1896 Brigadier-General Charles Lukens Davis, 
 
 U. S. Army, Retired. 
 
 assistant secretaries 
 
 1896 Honorable Graham Daves, A. B. 
 
 1897 Mr. Marshall De Lancey Haywood. 
 
 treasurers 
 
 1787 Brevet Major Robert Fenner. 
 
 Loss of records renders it impossible to give 
 names of predecessors or successors, if any, until 
 1896 Mr. John Collins Daves, A. B. 
 1904 Mr. Walter De Lyle Carstarphen. 
 
 assistant treasurers 
 
 1896 Mr. Walter De Lyle Carstarphen. 
 1904 Mr. Bennehan Cameron. 
 
 chaplain 
 
 1897 Right Reverend Joseph Blount Cheshire, 
 
 D.D. 
 
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 88 
 
t 
 
 NECROLOGY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY OF THE 
 CINCINNATI 
 
 SINCE ITS REORGANIZATION, APRIL 4, 1896 
 
 t 
 DENNY PORTERFIELD HADLEY 
 
 Born in Williamson County, Tennessee, May ii, 1825. 
 
 Died at Brentwood, Williamson County, Tenn., Febru- 
 ary 8, 1897. 
 
 Grandson of Captain Joshua Hadley, ist North Caro- 
 lina Continental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 t 
 WILLIAM POLK 
 
 A reorganizer of the Society, April 4, 1896. 
 Born in Salisbury, N. C, November 17, 182 1. 
 Died in New Orleans, La., January 24, 1898. 
 Grandson of Major William Polk, 9th North Carolina 
 Continental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 89 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 t 
 
 WILLIAM DANIEL GRANT 
 
 Born in Athens, Ga., August i6, 1837. 
 Died in Atlanta, Ga., November 7, 1901. 
 Great-grandson of Ensign Thomas Grant, 6th North 
 CaroHna Continental Infantry. 
 
 t 
 HONORABLE ROBERT FALLIGANT 
 
 Judge of the Eastern Judicial Circuit of Georgia. 
 
 Born in Savannah, Ga., July 12, 1839. 
 
 Died in Savannah, Ga., January 3, 1902. 
 
 Great-grandnephew of Brevet Major Robert Raiford, 
 2d North Carolina Continental Infantry — an origi- 
 nal member. 
 
 t 
 WILLIAM LAW MURFREE, LL.B. 
 
 Professor of Law, State University of Colorado. 
 
 A reorganizer of the Society, April 4, 1896. 
 
 A charter member of the Society, February 16, 1899. 
 
 Born in Murfreesboro, Tenn., March 26, 1854. 
 
 Died in Boulder, Col., January 25, 1902. 
 
 Great-grandson of Lieutenant-Colonel Hardy Murfree, 
 1st North Carolina Continental Infantry — an origi- 
 nal member. 
 
 90 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 t 
 
 HONORABLE RUFUS KING POLK 
 
 Late 1st Lieutenant I2th Pennsylvania Volunteer In- 
 fantry. 
 
 Representative 17th Congressional District, Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Born in Maury County, Tenn., August 23, 1866. 
 
 Died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 5, 1902. 
 
 Great-grandnephew of Lieutenant Thomas Polk, 4th 
 North Carolina Continental Infantry, killed at Eutaw 
 Springs, September 8, 178 1. 
 
 t 
 
 GRAHAM DAVES, A. B. 
 
 An honorary member of the Society, April 4, 1896. 
 President Roanoke Colony Memorial Association. 
 Born in New Berne, N. C, July 16, 1836. 
 Died in Asheville, N. C, October 27, 1902. 
 Grandson of Captain John Daves, 3d, North Carolina 
 Continental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 t 
 LOUIS ALEXANDER FALLIGANT, M.D. 
 
 Born in Savannah, Ga., October 25, 1836. 
 Died in Savannah, Ga., July 5, 1903. 
 
 91 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Great-grandson of Lieutenant John Raiford, 2d North 
 Carohna Infantry. 
 
 t 
 JOHN INNES KANE 
 
 Late 1st Lieutenant 24th United States Infantry. 
 
 Late Captain 202d New York Volunteer Infantry. 
 
 Born in Sing Sing, N. Y., November 13, 1849. 
 
 Died in Hague, Lake George, N. Y., August 6, 1904. 
 
 Great-grandnephew of Brevet Brigadier- General 
 Thomas Clark, Colonel ist North Carolina Conti- 
 nental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 t 
 
 BENNETT HOGUN HENLEY 
 
 Born in Aberdeen, Miss., September 21, i860. 
 
 Died in Llano, Texas, April 15, 1904. 
 
 Great-great-great-grandson of Brigadier-General 
 James Hogun, Continental Army, who died a pris- 
 oner of war at HaddrcU's Point, Charleston Harbor, 
 S. C, January 4, 178 1. 
 
 t 
 STOKELY DONELSON HAYS 
 
 Born in Jackson, Tenn., April 4, 1852. 
 Died in Jackson, Tenn., December 24, 1905. 
 
 92 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 Great-grandson of Lieutenant Robert Hays, ist North 
 Carolina Continental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 t 
 
 WILLIAM POLK 
 
 Born in Hamilton Place, Maury County, Tenn., Febru- 
 ary I, 1839. 
 
 Died in Memphis, Tenn., April 5, igo6. 
 
 Great-grandson of Colonel Thomas Polk, 4th North 
 Carolina Continental Infantry. 
 
 t 
 
 ROBERT JOSEPH BREVARD, M. D. 
 
 Born in Tallahassee, Fla., December 15, 1848. 
 Died in Charlotte, N. C, August 11, 1906. 
 Grandson of Captain Alexander Brevard, 3d North 
 Carolina Continental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 t 
 ALEXANDER MITCHELL BAKER 
 
 Born in New Berne, N. C, August 22, 1849. 
 Died in San Francisco, Cal., October 30, 1906. 
 Great-grandson of Lieutenant Curtis Ivey, 4th North 
 Carolina Continental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 9,^ 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 t 
 
 WILLIAM JOHNSON SAUNDERS 
 
 A reorganizer of the Society, April 4, 1896. 
 A charter member of the Society, February 16, 1899. 
 Born in Raleigh, N. C, January 3, 1835. 
 Died in Raleigh, N. C, November 16, 1906. 
 Grandson of Lieutenant William Saunders, 4th North 
 Carolina Continental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 t 
 
 ARTHUR ORVILLE SLAUGHTER 
 
 Born in Scott County, Ky., August 3 1, 1840. 
 Died in San Antonio, Tex., January 22, 1907. 
 Grand-nephew of Captain John Slaughter, 12th Virginia 
 Continental Infantry — an original member. 
 
 t 
 
 JOHN IZARD MIDDLETON 
 
 Born in Charleston, S. C, February 16, 1834. 
 
 Died in Baltimore, Md., March 20, 1907. 
 
 Great-great-grandson of Brigadier-General John 
 Ashe, North Carolina State Troops in Continental 
 Service, who died in service. 
 
 94 
 
BY-LAWS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA 
 SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 ARTICLE I 
 Officers, Committees and Meetings 
 Ofjlcers 
 
 Section i. The Officers of the Society shall consist of 
 a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secre- 
 tary, a Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, and a Chaplain, 
 who shall constitute a Standing Committee. 
 
 Election and Term of Officers 
 
 Section 2. The Officers shall be chosen by ballot at 
 the annual meeting, on the Twenty-Second of February of 
 each year, and shall hold office for the term of one year, or 
 until their successors are chosen. 
 
 Duties of Officers 
 
 Section 3. The President, or in his absence, the Vice- 
 President, shall preside at all meetings of the Society and of 
 the Standing Committee. 
 
 The Secretary shall keep and have charge of all the 
 records and papers of the Society and of the Standing Com- 
 mittee. He shall call all meetings of the Society and Stand- 
 ing Committee, by mailing notice to each member within a 
 reasonable time of the meetings of the same. The Assistant 
 
 95 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Secretary shall assist the Secretary in his duties and act in his 
 absence or disability. 
 
 The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds and property 
 of the Society with power, on the approval of the Standing 
 Committee, to invest and reinvest the funds and to disburse 
 the income thereof. He shall give bond to the Society for the 
 faithful discharge of his trust, which bond must be approved 
 by the Standing Committee. At the annual meeting of the 
 Society the President shall appoint two members to audit the 
 accounts of the Treasurer, and to verify the securities in his 
 charge. The Assistant Treasurer shall assist the Treasurer in 
 his duties and act in his absence or disability. 
 
 The Chaplain shall be an ordained clergyman of a Christian 
 church and shall perform all religious functions connected 
 with the Society. 
 
 Duties of Standing Committee 
 
 Section 4. The Standing Committee shall have charge of 
 the welfare and general concerns of the Society, as well as all 
 other matters committed to them by it. They shall hold 
 meetings at such times as they shall determine, but at least 
 once a year. They shall consider all applications for admis- 
 sion to the Society and recommend such applicants as they 
 deem to be entitled and worthy. They shall keep a record 
 of their proceedings, which shall be open to inspection by any 
 member of the Society, and shall be read to the Society at its 
 next following meeting. The assent of a majority of the mem- 
 bers of the Standing Committee shall be necessary for any of 
 
 96 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 its acts. Special meetings of the Committee may be called at 
 any time by the direction of the President, and shall be called 
 upon the request, in writing, of three members thereof. 
 
 Meetings 
 
 Section 5. The annual meeting of the Society shall be on 
 the Twenty-Second of February of each year, to be held in 
 such place in the State as may be determined upon by the 
 Standing Committee. Special meetings may be called at any 
 time, by direction of the President, and such meetings shall 
 be called upon the request, in writing, often members, stating 
 the object of the meeting. 
 
 Quorum 
 
 Section 6. Seven members shall constitute a quorum of 
 the Society. 
 
 Order of Business 
 
 Section 7. The order of business shall be as follows: 
 (i) Prayer, Roll Call and Reading of the Original In- 
 stitution of the Order. 
 
 (2) Reading of the Minutes of the last meetings of the 
 Society and of the Standing Committee. 
 
 (3) Election of Members. 
 
 (4) Report of Officers and Committees. 
 
 (5) Unfinished and New Business. 
 
 (6) Nomination and Election of Officers and Delegates 
 to the General Society. 
 
 (7) Adjournment. 
 
 97 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 ARTICLE II 
 
 Membership 
 Applications 
 
 Section i. All applications for admission shall be in writ- 
 ing to the Standing Committee, who shall consider and report 
 upon the same to the Society at its annual meeting. 
 
 Eligibility 
 
 Section 2. No person shall be eligible to membership 
 who shall be under twenty-one years of age. Every appHcant 
 to be eligible must have the qualifications stated in the In- 
 stitution of the Society, or under the Rule of 1854 adopted 
 by the General Society. Among descendants of original mem- 
 bers or others who shall be eligible, this Society reserves the 
 absolute right to choose such one as seems to it best fitted 
 to promote the ends of the Society, but it will ordinarily be 
 guided by the following principles: 
 
 I. The succession shall descend in the eldest male line so 
 long as it continues unbroken. 
 
 II. If the eldest male line fails, the next male line shall be 
 taken. 
 
 III. In case of the failure of the male line, the line which 
 descended the greatest number of generations from the origi- 
 nal member before a failure of males, shall ordinarily be 
 taken. 
 
 IV. The claims of descendants through female lines shall 
 be determined by the same rules of primogeniture as in case 
 of claims through the male line, so far as applicable. 
 
 98 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 V. A waiver by any person shall be regarded only as the 
 renunciation of a claim, not as the transfer of a right. 
 
 VI. No waiver, express or implied, shall be considered 
 as affecting the rights of a minor son, — except for special 
 reasons satisfactory to the Society. 
 
 VII. Where for any reason the Society deviates from the 
 strict rules in electing a member, it shall not be considered 
 as changing permanently the order of succession, but upon 
 the death of such member, the old order may be restored. 
 
 VIII. As the Society for the support of the principles to 
 which it is pledged may justly require its membership to be 
 kept full, it may upon satisfactory evidence that an ehgible 
 person has had knowledge of his claim and neglected to apply 
 within a reasonable time, — treat it as a waiver of the claim. 
 If a vacancy has existed for many years, the Society may 
 admit any descendant of the original member at its discretion. 
 
 Election to Membership 
 
 Section 3. Applicants whose cases have been favorably 
 reported upon by the Standing Committee, may be elected 
 to membership in the Society at its annual meeting by ballot. 
 
 Entrance Fees 
 
 Section 4. Theamountto be contributed to the permanent 
 fund of the Society, before an applicant can become a member 
 thereof, shall be as follows: 
 
 For a membership endowed in perpetuity by an applicant 
 whose propositus was an original member of the Society or 
 
 LOfC 99 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 who "Died in the Service," One Hundred and Fifty Dollars; 
 by an applicant whose propositus comes under the "Rule of 
 1854," Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars. 
 
 For a life membership by an applicant whose propositus 
 was an original member of the Society or who " Died in the 
 Service," Fifty Dollars; by an applicant whose propositus 
 comes under the "Rule of 1854," One Hundred Dollars. 
 
 The payments, however, on life membership, are to be 
 credited toward an endowed membership, the cost of which 
 is to be debited against the membership. 
 
 All life and endowed membership fees, as well as dona- 
 tions, which shall be paid the Society, shall remain forever to 
 the use of the Society as a permanent fund, the income only 
 of which may be expended. 
 
 Honorary Members 
 
 Section 5. The admission of honorary members, for 
 life only, shall be confined to those who shall be eminent lineal 
 descendants or representatives of those who were distinguished 
 by high military or civil virtues and services in the Revolu- 
 tionary War. An honorary member has no title to any 
 portion of the funds of the Society, and no one shall be 
 admitted to honorary membership, except upon the recom- 
 mendation of the Standing Committee. 
 
 Declaration 
 
 Section 6. Members of this Society shall subscribe to 
 the following declaration: 
 
 100 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati 
 
 I, do declare that I am 
 
 the of and having had the honor 
 
 to be admitted to membership in the North Caroh'na Society 
 of the Cincinnati, I do hereby most solemnly promise and 
 engage that I will be guided and governed by the rules of said 
 Society, vehich may have been or may hereafter be established, 
 agreeably to the Institution as signed by the original members. 
 In testimony whereof I hereunto subscribe my name and 
 pledge my sacred honor. 
 
 Done at on the day of. 19 
 
 Seal 
 
 Section 7. The Society shall have a Seal, two inches in 
 diameter, and which shall comprise thereon the insignia of 
 the Order, viz.. An eagle displayed, bearing on its breast 
 the obverse of the medal of the Society with the motto. 
 Omnia reliquit servare rempuhlicam, surrounding the same; 
 above, thirteen stars in a semicircle; beneath, on a scroll, the 
 motto of the Order, Esto perpetua; around the whole, the 
 legend. North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati, Instituted 
 MDCCLXXXIII. The Secretary shall be the custodian of 
 the Seal. 
 
 Diploma 
 
 Section 8. Every member, upon his admission to the 
 Society, shall purchase a diploma to be signed by the Presi- 
 dent of the Society and countersigned by the Secretary, for 
 which diploma he shall pay the Treasurer the sum of Five 
 
 101 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Dollars. The fee thus paid, shall be for the use of the Society 
 and be considered a part of the revenue for the current year. 
 The form of the diploma shall be as follows: 
 
 Be it Known that 
 
 is a (or an Honorary) Member of the Society of the CINCIN- 
 NATI, instituted by the officers of the American Army at the 
 Period of its Dissolution, as well to commemorate the great 
 event which gave Independence to NORTH AMERICA, as 
 for the laudable purpose of inculcating the duty of laying 
 down in Peace, Arms assumed for public Defence, and of 
 uniting in Acts of brotherly Affection and Bonds of perpetual 
 Friendship, the Members constituting the same. 
 
 In Testimony whereof, I, the President of the North Caro- 
 lina Society of the Cincinnati, have hereunto set my Hand and 
 the Seal of the said Society, at Raleigh, in the State of North 
 Carolina, this Twenty-Second Day of February in the Year of 
 
 our Lord, One Thousand Nine Hundred and 
 
 and in the One Hundred and Year of the 
 
 Independence of the United States. 
 By order, 
 
 SEAL 
 
 Secretary. President. 
 
 Insignia 
 
 Section 9. The Order of the Society shall be worn at all 
 the meetings by the members, who may obtain it through the 
 Treasurer. 
 
 102 
 
THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 Transfers 
 Section io. The members of the sister State Societies 
 residing, either temporarily or permanently, in North Caro- 
 lina, shall be sent notices of the meetings of the Society, and 
 when they attend, they shall be noted on the minutes as being 
 present; that, furthermore, they shall be the guests of the 
 Society at any of its social functions, but that no members of 
 other State Societies shall be received in transfer, nor shall 
 this Society transfer any of its members. 
 
 Amendments 
 
 Section ii. These By-Laws may be altered or amended 
 at any meeting of the Society, the call for which shall state 
 the substance of the alterations or amendments proposed. 
 
AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE NORTH 
 CAROLINA SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 
 
 The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact: 
 
 Section i. That John Gray Blount, John Myers Blount, 
 John Collins Daves, Richard Bradley Hill, Wilson Gray 
 Lamb, James Iredell McRee, William Law Murfree, William 
 Johnson Saunders, Lee H. Yarborough and all such persons 
 as may from time to time be associated with them, and 
 their successors, be and they are hereby constituted a body 
 politic and corporate by the name of the North Carolina 
 Society of the Cincinnati, to be located at Raleigh, for the 
 purpose of carrying out the principles of said Society and 
 to succeed to all the rights, property and privileges of said 
 Society as originally organized at Hillsborough in October, 
 1783: with the power to hold real and personal estate, by 
 subscription, grant, purchase or devise, and to sell or invest 
 the same for the benefit of said society and the beneficia- 
 ries thereof; to have a common seal; to make contracts 
 in relation to the objects of the charitable fund of the 
 said society; to sue and be sued; to establish by-laws and 
 rules for the regulation of said society and the preservation 
 and application of the funds thereof, not inconsistent with 
 the laws of the State of North Carolina or of the United 
 States. 
 
 105 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 Section 2. This act shall be in force from and after its 
 ratification. 
 
 In the General Assembly read three times, and ratified 
 this the 1 6th day of February, a. d. 1899. 
 
 C. A. Reynolds, 
 President of the Senate. 
 H. G. Conner, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 
CAMBRIDGE • MASSACHUSETTS 
 U • S • A 
 
KUb 
 
 17