(I. ■ ■ ' ' 1 .;!; I'll;- ijyiiilflHliii;!;i: liii llliliiP i i'!'^)!-' !!fli:!iUii(i!i,u m ill Mi !HHii)!iii''if'!'' Eli ikll i;i li!! i! mm. iiiii I lili'l mMM ! m^L 1 .11 .ii I ii '[!;!;!■! nniii'i!;:- ail !i i ii!!' STATE-BOOK OF PENNSYLYANIA, CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE (^eograplig, ^istorn, ©ODermnent, Hcsonrccs, anb Notcb Citizens of t!)c State ; WITH A MAP OF THE STATE AND OF EACH COUNTY. BY THOMAS H. BURROWES. LIBRARY EDITION. PHILADELPHIA: URIAH HUNT & SON, 44 N. FOURTH ST. 1847 ■if \ Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1846, by T. H. BURROWES, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON & CO. PHILADELPHIA. PRINTED BY J. VAN COURT. PEEFACE. A BOOK calculated to impart to our youth a full and accurate know ledge of their own state, has long been deemed necessary. Whether this will supply the want, experience alone can determine. Consisting, as it almost wholly does, of a description of things, and a statement of facts, there is no room for invention and little for novelty in its composition. In the scope and arrangement of its materials, however, a considerable departure from the beaten track will be discovered. The counties are not treated in alphabetical order, but in classes, accord- ing to their form of surface, productions, and historical relation. The strongly marked distinctive features of each group suggested this idea ; and a desire to aid the learner by a rational and easily remembered divi- sion of the subject of study induced its adoption. To carry out the design, a small state map, in addition to the separate county maps, has been con- structed mth the classes of counties marked upon it. The advantage of the change must be very small, if it do not compensate the learner for the loss of that easiness of reference, which is the only sound reason that can be urged in favour of the alphabetical arrangement. Should the book succeed, it is designed to keep it up with the changes that are continually occurring in the state, by regular periodical revisions. These will also afford an opportunity for correcting any errors that may have found their way into this edition. Notices of such errors will at all times be thankfully received by The Author. Lancaster, July, 1846. TO TEACHERS. This book is intended to suit different classes of pupils, and both modes of study — that of committing the words to memory, as well as that of merely impressing their substance on the mind. Young pupils should commit so much of the first eight and of the last three divisions of the introductory matter, as is in large type, together with the first seven paragraphs of the descriptive matter of each of the counties. These altogether constitute about forty pages. More advanced classes should learn all the parts in large type, forming about ninety pages. The portion in smaller type is not intended to be committed to memory at all, but to be carefully studied by the most advanced classes. Or, it may be profitably used once or twice a week as a reading exercise. But, whether committed to memory, carefully studied, or merely read in class, the use of the questions at the foot of each page is in all cases recommended. In committing to memory, they will cause the mind to act — in studying, they will give the learner a standard by which his own proficiency may be ascertained — and even in reading, the knowledge that an examination is to follow, will fix the attention and improve the mind. The county maps require no remark. The state map is merely a skele- ton, designed, 1. To exhibit to the eye the seven classes of counties ; and 2. To ascertain the pupil's knowledge of the respective counties by caus- ing him to point them out with their county-seats, mountains, and streams, the names of all which have been for this purpose omitted. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Index and Synopsis of the Counties ------ g I. SiTTJATiox and Extent of the State - - - . 9 II. Mountains -------- iq in. Rivers and Lakes ------- 13 IV. Soil 15 V. Cltjiate -------- 17 VI. History ---------20 VII. Population ---_-.-- 27 VIII. Government - - - - - - - -31 IX. Defence -------- 37 X. Education - -_----- 40 XI. Religion 42 XII. Charitable Institutions ----- 44 XIII. Prisons 46 XIV. Property and Productions ----- 48 XV. Animals 50 XVI. Agriculture --------54 XVII. Manufactures ------- 60 XVIII. Commerce 63 XIX. Public Improvements ------ 68 XX. Towns 71 XXI. Counties and Townships ----- 73 XXII. Natural Divisions — General Remarks on the Seven Classee 74 First Class, or South-Eastern Counties - - - 94 Second Class, or Cumberland Valley Counties - - 140 Third Class, or Anthracite Mountain Counties - - 168 Fourth Class, or Iron Mountain Counties - - - 193 Fifth Class, or Bituminous Mountain Counties - - 227 Sixth Class, or Western Counties - - - - 241 Seventh Class, or Northern Line Counties - - 289 Q^- To find the pages of the counties, see the first column of the table on the next page. 7 INDEX AND SYNOPSIS OF THE COUNTIES. N NAMES 1^ " Hi ^"o PBOPER- COUNTY NEAREST Jl ^ § a " * OF H