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 I5v ANNA PORTER REX. 
 
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CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGK. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. 4 
 
 REC^UISITES FOR CLASS OF TWENTV-FOUR CHILDREN. 7 
 
 March and Drill. 8 
 First Lesson. 
 
 Preparation of a Garden, 8 
 
 Song — " Where do you go so early, I pray ?" . . 12 
 
 March and Drill. 13 
 Second Lesson. 
 
 Potatoes, 13 
 
 vSong — "The Farmer's Year," 16 
 
 March and Drill. 1 7 
 Third Lesson. 
 
 Corn and other Vegetables, 18 
 
 Song — " (^h, no, we never do so any more," ... 20 
 
 March and Drill. 2 1 
 Fourth Lesson. 
 
 The Stable, Cows and Horses, 22 
 
 Song — " Wait for the wagon," 25 
 
 March and Drill. 26 
 Fifth Lesson. 
 
 Fruits, 26 
 
 SongT— " Harvest Home," 30 
 
SUGGESTIONS. 
 
 HlvSE lessons depend so entirely for pleasure and 
 profit on the taet and ability of the teacher, that 
 gj I a few suggestions for interesting the scholars may 
 not be out of place. 
 
 They should be encouraged to examine the tools and 
 note their peculiarities ; to see the differences between a 
 spade and a shovel, the purpose of having one horn of a 
 pickaxe sharper than the other, the advantage of keeping 
 a hoe sharpened for weeding, and the advisability of put- 
 ting tools away clean and ready for use. 
 
 It will add greatly to the interest if a box of earth can 
 be used in the class-room to illustrate the methods of 
 planting, and specimens of the different seeds be handed 
 about for examination. The starting point of the root should 
 be shown and the children told that if it is buried wrong 
 side up the poor little seed has to twist and turn and some- 
 times gets too tired ever to find its way up to the sunlight. 
 All children delight in knowing " why," and rarely forget 
 a fact which has been given them with a reason attached. 
 
 As an introduction to the lesson on the horse, stories 
 illustrating the sagacity and nobility of the animal will 
 surely be appreciated. With the long answer to the 
 fifteenth question — " What points must a good horse 
 have?" — reasons why these "points" are considered 
 "good" should be given. For instance, that the "small 
 head" and "thin neck" answer the same purpose as the 
 
sharp prow of a ship ; " full eyes " imply good vision ; 
 '' deep chest," good breathing- power; "high withers," 
 good action. The withers are formed by the rounding of 
 the back above the shoulder. It is from this point to the 
 ground that the height of a horse is measured in " hands," 
 /. e., four inches, or the average width of a man's hand 
 across the knuckles. The advantage of high withers is 
 found in the larger surface they afford for the attachment 
 of the muscles of the back and shoulders. " Short back, 
 broad haunches and straight legs" all imply strength and 
 endurance. " Flat knees " mean that there is sufficient bone 
 surface for the attachment of the strong leg muscles, which 
 make the horse sure-footed ; and that " round feet " are 
 less subject to disease and injury, as there is plenty of 
 tough hoof to protect the tender " frog " or " quick," 
 
 It is suggested that two children at a time be employed 
 in harnessing and then unharnessing the little horse while 
 the class recite the lesson. 
 
 In the final lesson, on fruits, the process of grafting can 
 easily be performed on a small scale. The gardener must 
 work like a doctor, with a clean, sharp knife, with speed, 
 but also with great care. The circulation of the sap can 
 be explained as the life-blood of the tree, and the little 
 ^raft must be treated like a piece of flesh, quickly placed 
 where it is intended to grow, and covered from the air 
 until the wound heals. 
 
 The last song alludes to the old English festival of 
 Harvest Home, and can be made the occasion of a more 
 elaborate drill and march in imitation of that old time 
 festival. 
 
 The costume for exhibition days might be white shirts, 
 dark pantaloons, and broad brim "harvester" hats, decor- 
 ated with cockades of red, white and blue ribboni 
 
A word of caution should preprirc the children for 
 having- their class-room kncnvledge ridiculed by old and 
 experienced people. These methods are not the only ones 
 in use, neither would they always be feasible if applied 
 on large farms of many acres, where time must be con- 
 sidered in planting and gathering, but thev are earnestly 
 believed to be the best and surest methods for voung 
 gardeners to employ. 
 
 These suggestions will suffice to show how entirelv the 
 efficacy of the lessons depends upon the abilitv of the 
 teacher. A. P. R. 
 
RKOl ISITES FOR A CLASS OF TWENTV-FOUR CHII.DRKN. 
 
 2 Dozen chairs of uniform size. 
 
 6 Spades (three-quarter size). 
 
 6 Hoes " " 
 
 6 Rakes " " " 
 
 6 Pickaxes *' " 
 
 I Large knife. 
 
 I Toy horse and wagon. 
 
 I Set of harness. 
 
 I Halter and hitching-weight. 
 
 I Harness-rack. 
 
 I Blanket. 
 
 I Shovel. 
 
 I Broom. 
 
 I Bucket. 
 
 I Pitchfork. 
 
 I Sponge. 
 
 I Chamois. 
 
 I Whisk. 
 
 I Feather duster. 
 
 I Curry comb and brush. 
 
 I Comb for manes and tails. 
 
 J vStable lantern. 
 
l-'.NTKRINCl DKII.I. FOR LESSON I. 
 
 Marc)i — Boys march in, two by two, with tools hekl f)ver 
 right shoulder. Take positions in front of 
 chairs. 
 
 Chord — Ground tools, handles down. 
 
 Chord — Remove hats and bow to teacher. 
 
 Chord — Replace hats. 
 
 Chord — .Sit down, holding tools erect, the handle on the 
 floor and the iron end up. The bo\^s with pick- 
 axes had better be at the ends of each row. 
 
 CLOSING DRILL. 
 
 At the close of the song, boys all standing. 
 Chords Shoulder tools. 
 Chord — Right about face. 
 March — March out and stack tools. 
 
 No. I. — Preparation of a Garden. 
 
 (/) At what time of year can you begin to make a 
 garden ? 
 Alls. As soon as the frost is out of the ground, which is 
 usually in April. 
 (2) What is the first thing to be done? 
 Ans. Prepare the ground. 
 
 (?) How is this to be done ? 
 Ans. By digging or plowing two feet deep and making the 
 ground smooth and free from stones. 
 (./) Is this all that is necessary? 
 A)is. No; if the soil is poor a fertilizer must be mixed 
 with it. 
 
9 
 
 (5 ) How can we tell when the soil is poor ? 
 .Afis. When there is too much sand, gravel or clay. 
 
 {6) How can we tell when the soil is good ? 
 .Ahs. By the color, which should be dark brown. 
 
 (/) What tools are absolutely necessary ? 
 A us. A spade, a pickaxe, a hoe and a rake. 
 
 (S) Of what use is the spade ? 
 A US. To diof. 
 
 First chord— ^oys with spades rise. 
 Second chord — Shoulder spades. 
 March — March to centre. 
 
 Third chord— Ground spades and place the right 
 foot on the right side of spade in 
 position for digging. 
 March, four bars— Boys make the motions of 
 digging, in time to music, 
 throwing soil to the right. 
 March, four bars— Boy^ place foot on left side of 
 spade and make the motions 
 of digging, throwing soil 
 to the left. 
 Fourth 6V/(77-<r/— Shoulder spades. 
 March — March back to seats. 
 Fifth chord — Ground spades. 
 
 Sixth chord— Sit down, holding spades by the 
 handle, erect, beside them, on 
 right side, 
 (p) Of what use is the pickaxe ? 
 
 Ans. To break hard ground and to pull up large stones 
 and roots. 
 
lO 
 
 First chord — Boys with picks rise. 
 
 Second chord — Shoulder picks. 
 
 March — March to centre. 
 
 Third chord — Ground picks, broad end down, 
 
 March, four bars — Strike with picks as though 
 breaking hard ground ; at 
 last note reverse the picks. 
 
 March, four bars — Use the sharp end of picks 
 like levers, as though pry- 
 ing up stones. 
 
 Fourth chord — Shoulder picks. 
 
 March — March back to seats. 
 
 Fifth chord — Ground picks. 
 
 Sixth chord—Sit down, holding picks by the han- 
 dle, erect, beside them, on right side. 
 (lo) Of what use is the hoe? 
 
 yh/s. To break the soil into small pieces, and afterwards to 
 kill the weeds. 
 
 Repeat the drill as before ; hoeing first on the 
 right side with the right hand further down 
 along the handle, then on the left side, with the 
 left hand in advance. 
 
 (//) Of what use is the rake? 
 
 Aus. To take out small stones and make the surface smooth 
 and even. 
 
 Repeat the drill, making the motions of raking. 
 Care should be taken that the tools descend in 
 line as well as in tiwc. If the drill is conducted 
 in a room, a strip of batting will secure this 
 result and also protect the floor from injury. 
 
II 
 
 (r2) Having prepared the ground, what will you do next ? 
 Ans. Divide the garden into beds with paths between. 
 (ij) Why is this necessary? 
 Ans. For convenience in tending the plants and gathering 
 
 the vegetables. 
 (14) What three things will you now need? 
 Ans. A wheelbarrow for moving the soil where it is 
 needed ; a reel for marking straight lines, and a 
 watering-pot or hose for sprinkling newly-planted 
 ground. 
 
 (/J) Having prepared the ground and divided it into beds, 
 what will you first plant? 
 
 Ans. The seeds of the earl 5^ vegetables and flowers. 
 
 {16) How will you plant them? 
 
 Ans. If the seeds are small, we will make little holes one 
 inch deep, or less, drop in the seeds, and cover 
 them up. 
 
 (77) Why not plant them deeper? 
 
 Ans. Because the small seeds would get discouraged, if 
 the warmth of the sun could not reach them. 
 
 (18) How do all plants grow? 
 
 Ans. By getting strength from the sunshine to draw food 
 and moisture from the ground through their roots. 
 
 (tq) Of what use are the leaves? 
 
 Ans. Plants breathe through their leaves. 
 
 {20) What four things do plants and people need to make 
 them healthy and strong? 
 
 Ans. Good food, pure water, sunshine and fresh air. 
 
12 
 
 Chord — Boys all rise. 
 
 SONG— "WHERE 7\RE YOU GOING SO EARLY, 
 
 I PRAY?" 
 
 Tune — *' Where are You Going my Pretty Maid !"' 
 
 I. 
 
 O, where do you go so early, I pray? 
 O, where do you go so early, I pray? 
 " We're going a-plowing. Sir," they say ; 
 "Sir," they say; "Sir," they say; 
 " We're going a-plowing, Sir," they say. 
 
 II. 
 
 And after the plowing what, I pray? 
 And after the plowing what, I pray ? 
 "The drilling and planting. Sir," they say, 
 "Sir," they say; "Sir," they say; 
 "The drilling and planting. Sir," they sav. 
 
 III. 
 
 And after the planting what, I pray? 
 And after the planting what, I pray? 
 "The hoeing and weeding, Sir," they say; 
 "Sir," they say; "Sir," they say; 
 "The hoeing and weeding. Sir," they say. 
 
 IV. 
 
 And after the weeding what, I pray? 
 And after the weeding what, I pray ? 
 "The growing and tending, vSir," they say; 
 "Sir," they say; "Sir," they say; 
 "The growing and tending. Sir," they say. 
 
13 
 
 V. 
 
 And after the tending what, I pray? 
 And after the tending what, I pray? 
 " A glorious harvest, Sir," they say ; 
 "vSir," they say; "Sir," they say; 
 " A glorious harvest, Sir," they say. 
 
 ENTERING DRILL FOR LESSON 2D. 
 
 March— Boys march in two by two, each boy with a hand 
 on his partner's shoulder and the arm at full 
 length. 
 
 C/iord—DYOY> hands at sides and right about face, standing 
 
 before the chairs. 
 Chord — Sit down. 
 
 At the close of the song let the boys march out in the 
 same manner, to music of march. 
 
 No. 2. — Potatoes. 
 
 (/) What vegetable is most depended upon for food, both 
 vSummer and Winter? 
 Ahs. The white potato. 
 
 {2) How do you prepare the ground for white potatoes? 
 Ans. By digging into it lime and bone-dust, then making 
 straight ridges one foot high, one foot broad, and 
 three feet apart. 
 
 ( j) When do you plant potatoes ? 
 Ans. As soon as the frost is out of the ground. 
 (/) How do you plant potatoes ? 
 
.his. Cut good potatoes leng-thwise, and plant, with the 
 cut side down, four inches under ground and two 
 feet apart. 
 ( j) From what do potatoes sprout? 
 
 Ans. From the small spots called eyes. There should be 
 two or three of these in each piece planted. 
 
 (6) If there are more what do you do? 
 j-his. Cut them out. 
 
 (7) About how long will it be before the plant begins to 
 
 show? 
 .1//S. About four weeks. 
 
 {^) What will it look like at first ? 
 .his. A slender spear of small green leaves. 
 
 (y) About how long will it be before fully grown? 
 A lis. About two months from the time it appears above 
 
 ground. 
 (fo) What will it look like then ? 
 
 ,l/is. A dark green bush about two feet high, with very 
 pretty blossoms. The potatoes grow under ground. 
 (//) What is the great enemy of the potato? 
 .i/is. The Colorado beetle which eats the leaves. 
 {J J) What can be done to prevent injury to the plants? 
 Alls. Kill the beetle by sprinkling the plants, when the 
 dew is on the leaves, with a mixture of plaster and 
 Paris-green. 
 (ij) How do you mix this? 
 Ans. In a bucket kept for this purpose alone, using three 
 
 times as much plaster as Paris-green. 
 (/./) Why should this be mixed and used with great care 
 and kept in a safe place ? 
 
15 
 
 A/is. Because if swallowed it will also kill people and 
 animals. 
 
 (/j) What must you do while the potatoes are growing? 
 A us. Hoe down the weeds. 
 {i6) How are potatoes to be gathered and stored for winter 
 
 use? 
 Ans. By digging or plowing them up after their green 
 
 leaves are dead, rubbing them clean and putting 
 
 them in a dry cellar. 
 (if) What will happen if you put them too near a furnace 
 
 or too near a window ? 
 A/is. If heated they will wither, and if frozen they will 
 
 decay. 
 (i^) What other potato beside the white potato is used 
 
 for food ? 
 A US. The sweet potato. 
 
 (/g) Do sweet potatoes grow in the same way? 
 A/is. No, the plant is a very pretty vine, which grows along 
 
 the ground. 
 {20) Are they as generally cultivated as the white potato ? 
 Ans. No, for sweet potatoes will only thrive in a warm, dry 
 
 climate, and a sandy soil. 
 
t6 
 
 Chord — Bcn'S all rise. 
 
 SONG— "THE FARMERS YEAR." 
 
 ( Tune — "Jingle Bells. ' ' ) 
 SPRING. 
 
 (/) When with the first Spring day 1 
 
 You hear the robin's voice, [ pi^ce nght hat.a b.-»ck of 
 
 When the sun's warm ray j ear a.i<! look,.,,. 
 
 Makes the earth rejoice, j 
 
 Then we farmers know 
 
 It is the time for seed ; 
 The fields have slept beneath the snow 
 
 Now work is what they need. 
 
 Chorus — 
 
 Farmer lads, farmer lads, working- all the dav, 
 
 ' Tis work that makes a man, my lads, and honest work 
 
 will pay ; 
 Farmer lads, farmer lads, working with a will, 
 " No debt upon the farm," my lads, shall be our motto still. 
 
 SUMMER. 
 {2) Each long bright Summer day ) 
 
 Is full of pleasant toil, \ ^aUe .he motio,, of 
 
 Bringing in the hay 
 
 Before a rain can spoil ; 
 Harvesting the grain, 
 
 Then plowing up the field. 
 Counting in your brain \ Make motions otcountinR 
 
 How much each crop will yield. S "" '''*' '^"^'"^- 
 
 swinging a scythe. 
 
Chorus- 
 
 AUTUMN. 
 
 (j) When Autumn days grows short 
 
 There's still enough to do 
 Gathering nuts is sport 
 
 And picking apples too ; 
 But when the frost has come 
 
 And leaves fall off and die, 
 We'll bring the pumpkin home 
 
 To make Thanksgiving pie. 
 
 Chorus — 
 
 WINTER. 
 
 (./) Although when Winter's come 
 There are no fields to till 
 
 There's work to do at home 
 The farmer's busy still ; 
 
 There's sawing wood to do 
 For the long winter nights 
 
 And tools are mended, fences too, 
 
 And all things put to rights. 
 Chorus- — 
 
 stoop twice as though 
 looking for and picking 
 up the nuts. 
 
 Swing hats above their 
 heads. 
 
 Make motions of sawing^ 
 wood. 
 
 Sweep right arm from left 
 to right as though show- 
 ing the whole farm. 
 
 ENTERING DRILL FOR LESSON 3D. 
 
 March — Boys march in two by two, with hands on hips 
 
 and elbows linked with those of partners. 
 Chord — Right about face in front of chairs. 
 Chord — Sit down. 
 
 At the close of the song march out in same order. 
 Chord — Link elbows. 
 Chord — Right about face. 
 
No. 3. — Corn and Other Vegetables. 
 
 (/) When can sweet corn be planted ? 
 A /IS. Not before May, as the ground must be warm. 
 
 (-') How does it thrive best ? 
 A /IS. In sunny ground, made very rich with fertilizers. 
 
 (?) How is sweet corn planted ? 
 A /IS. In low, round hills three feet apart each way, putting 
 five grains of corn, one inch under ground in each 
 hill. 
 (./) Suppose you did not plant it in this way, but scat- 
 tered it, what would result? 
 A /IS. Green plants but no ears of corn. It is planted in 
 this way to raise fodder for cattle when grass is 
 scarce. 
 is) When and how is field-corn planted? 
 
 A/is, About the middle of May in hills further apart, as the 
 plants are larger than sweet corn. 
 
 (6) How is field-corn used ? 
 
 A/is. It is fed to some animals and also ground into meal. 
 
 (7) What is done with the plant after the corn is 
 
 gathered ? 
 
 A/is. It is cut off close to the ground and tied into bundles 
 called "shocks," 
 
 (<?) What is it used for ? 
 
 A/is. When dry it is stored in the barn to feed the cattle 
 in winter. 
 
 (9) If you wish to have sweet corn to eat all season how 
 will you manage ? 
 
19 
 
 A//S. Plant some every two weeks until the middle of July 
 that the crops may ripen in succession. 
 
 (/o) What other vegetables are planted in this way to last 
 
 several months ? 
 A?is. Especially peas and beans. 
 (//) What vegetables can be planted to ripen late and last 
 
 all winter? 
 Ans. Potatoes, celery, salsify, beets, carrots and others. 
 
 {i2) Have you thought what you would like to raise in 
 
 your own garden ? 
 A /IS. Our garden's not large but we'd like, if we're able. 
 To plant what we all will enjoy at the table; 
 Not fanciful things, but the regular staple. 
 
 (ij) Will you raise peas ? 
 
 A?is. Yes ; peas, as you know, grow in pods on a vine 
 We'll plant an inch deep and plant in a line. 
 And then give them something round which they 
 can twine. 
 {i^} Will you plant string beans and butter beans? 
 Ans. Yes, both ; and some bush-limas, too, for a test. 
 
 Will plant some of each and see which we like best. 
 Plant in rows, an inch deep, and let them do the rest. 
 (75) Will you plant any tall lima beans ? 
 Ahs. Yes; pole lima beans are our favorites still. 
 
 Plant two inches deep and "eye" down, if you will. 
 In hills, six feet apart, and six beans to a hill. 
 (16) What hardy vegetables will you plant? 
 Ans. Beets are quite hardy and turnips are, too. 
 
 They will last you all summer and all winter thro' 
 And if fed to the cows they will gratefully "moo." 
 
20 
 
 (//) How will you raise early vegetables? 
 .h/s. Early cabbage, tomatoes and lettuce, also 
 
 Must start under glass in a warm place, you know. 
 Nor be set out of doors till they learn how to grow. 
 {/S) What more will you have? 
 
 .h/s. Let's have onions and herbs, to make roast turkey 
 filling. 
 And parsley and celery, too, if you're willing. 
 Though the latter takes care and considerable tilling. 
 (/p) You will raise potatoes, I suppose? 
 Ajis. Yes; potatoes inust have all the space they can use; 
 Neglect of this stand-by we could not excuse. 
 Nor a smoking hot mealy potato refuse. 
 {20) Anything else? 
 
 Ans. We will plant corn and squash, and with these close 
 the list; 
 Though there are many more they will never be 
 
 missed, 
 For with these fifteen we can surely exist. 
 
 CJiord — All the boys rise. 
 
 SONG— "OH, NO; WE NEVER DO SO ANY MORE." 
 
 I. 
 AVhen first we tried our untrained hands 
 
 At gardening, my dear. 
 And planted our first crop of seeds. 
 Some things we did were queer ; 
 It seemed so long before they grew, 
 
 We feared they never would. 
 So pulled them up to see if they 
 Were doing as they should. 
 
21 
 
 Clionis — 
 
 thorns — 
 
 Oh, no; we never do so any more; 
 
 Oh, no; we never do so any more; 
 
 Oh, no; we never do so any more. 
 
 Never do so, never do so, never do so anv more. 
 
 At first we watered all the plants. 
 
 Till they were nearly drowned, 
 And then we gave them none, and so 
 
 They withered on the ground ; 
 But such mistakes we only made 
 
 Before we had learned how. 
 vSince then we have been taught, you see, 
 
 And all know better now. 
 
 Oh, no ; we never do so any more; 
 Oh, no ; we never do so any more ; 
 Oh, no; we never do so any more. 
 Never do so, never do so, n.ever do so any more. 
 
 Entering Drill for Lesson 4TIL 
 
 JA?/t//— Boys march in, two by two, each couple carrvin:;- 
 one article between them. 
 
 First couple — Broom . 
 
 Second 
 
 Third 
 
 FoiirtJi 
 
 Fifth 
 
 Sixth 
 
 Seventh 
 
 — Shovel. 
 
 —Pitchfork. 
 
 — Bucket. 
 
 — Sponge. 
 
 — Chamois. 
 
 — Feather-duster. 
 
22 
 
 Eighth couple — Whisk. 
 Ninth *' — Coarse comb. 
 Tenth " — Curry comb. 
 Eleventh " — Brush. 
 Twelfth " — Lantern. 
 
 Chord — Rijrht about face in front of chairs, the left bov of 
 each couple retaining the article in his right 
 hand, the other boy letting go. 
 
 Chord — vSit down, placing article on the floor and folding 
 hands. 
 
 When the 19th question is being answered 
 as each article is mentioned, the boy having it 
 should rise and hold it up, remaining standing. 
 The boy with lantern rises at the close of 20th 
 answer. The next chord is for the remaining 
 half of class to rise. They sing the song, each 
 couple holding an article between them, and, 
 on concluding the song, march out as when 
 entering. 
 
 No. 4.— The Stable. 
 
 C(^\VS AND HORSES. 
 
 (/) What two domestic animals arc the most useful to 
 man ? 
 
 A)is. The cow and the horse. 
 
 {2) What food do cows require ? 
 
 Ans. Plenty of fresh grass or cloverhay and water. There 
 should be some shade trees in every pasture. 
 
 (?) What care do cows require ? 
 
. 1//S. "Cows need a warm, dry stable in winter ; but in clear 
 summer weather are better out of doors. They 
 should be milked twice a day and curried once 
 a week. A large lump of rocksalt should be put 
 in each stall for the cows to lick. 
 
 (7) What is the best food for a /lorsr / 
 
 .h/s. Oats, grass and timothy hay, with plenty of pure 
 water. 
 
 (i) What care does a horse require ? 
 
 Alls. To be shod once a month; to be curried once a 
 day ; to have a deep bed of straw every night, 
 and on cold nights a blanket. 
 
 (6) How long is the average life of a horse ? 
 A//S. Fifteen years, though some live much longer. 
 
 (7) What are the best and strongest years of a horse's life ? 
 .l/is. From five to thirteen. 
 
 (c?) How can the age of a horse be told ? 
 A/is. By the condition of his teeth. 
 
 (9) How early can the training of a horse be begun ? 
 A/IS. When the colt is two years old. 
 
 (10) What is the first thing to be done when training a 
 colt for the harness ? 
 
 A us. Let him wear a bridle with a rubber bit, for a few 
 hours each day, while standing in the stable. 
 
 (//) Whv is the utmost gentleness necessary in putting 
 
 on the bridle ? 
 Ans. Because a colt's mouth is very tender, and if once 
 hurt he will always resist opening his mouth for 
 the bit. 
 
(ij) After he has become used to the bit, what can be 
 
 done ? 
 .i/is. The rest of the harness can be put on day by day, 
 
 letting him become used to each piece before 
 
 adding another. He can then be harnessed to a 
 
 light wagon, and will gradually learn to be useful 
 
 and obev the reins. 
 (/ ?) What should never be done ? 
 .I//S. He should never be struck or shouted at, but should 
 
 be patted when he has tried to do his best. 
 (r^) What traits must a good horseman have ? 
 .h.'s. Courage, gentleness, self-control, good temper and 
 
 patience. 
 (ij) What points must a good horse have ? 
 Ans. Small head and ears; full eyes; thin neck; deep 
 
 chest; high withers; short back ; broad haunches; 
 
 straight legs; flat knees, and round feet. 
 {/6) What should be done when a horse comes home from 
 
 work ? 
 ,}f/s. He should be rubbed until clean and dry ; and all 
 
 four feet carefully examined for small stones or 
 
 nails, and then filled with flaxseed meal to make 
 
 the hoof tough and strong. 
 (77) What four things will certainly make a horse sick? 
 A//S. Cold water, when standing after being overheated ; 
 
 sour oats, and half-cured hay or wet grass. 
 (/(?) How must a stable be kept ? 
 yh/s. A well-kept stable must be clean and dry ; the floor 
 
 swept; the carriages w^ashed; the harness oiled ; 
 
 the inetal buckles polished ; and the horse's coats 
 
 shinino' like silk. 
 
(ig) What do you need to keep a stable in this condition ? 
 Ans. For the stable, a broom, a shovel, a pitch-fork and a 
 bucket ; for the carriages —a sponge, a chamois, a 
 feather duster and a whisk ; for the harness — oil, 
 soap and bits of flannel ; for the horses — a coarse 
 comb for manes and tails, and a curry-comb and 
 brush. 
 
 {20) What special care is necessary in a stable ? 
 Ans. To guard against fire, and never to drop a match or 
 carry an uncovered flame where there is hay. 
 
 Chord — Boys all rise. 
 
 SONG— "WAIT FOR THE WAGON." 
 
 *Tis such a lovely morning ! Oh, would you like to see 
 How I can harness Dapple, and take a ride with me ? 
 He knows and loves me dearly, for I to him am kind. 
 And a better horse than Dapple it would be hard to find. 
 Then wait for the wagon, wait for the wagon, wait for the 
 
 wagon. 
 And we'll all take a ride. 
 
 Chorus — Wait for the wasfon. 
 
 His coat is smooth and glossy ; I always keep it so. 
 For that is one great secret of a horse's health, you know. 
 Each buckle on the harness, you see it shines like new ; 
 The wagon wheels are greased, and the paint is shining, 
 
 too. 
 Then wait for the wagon, wait for the wagon, wait for the 
 
 wagon. 
 And we'll all take a ride. 
 
26 
 
 Chorus — Wait for the wagon. 
 First, the breech-band and the crupper and the saddle 
 
 (girth it fast), 
 Then the collar, hanies and traces, for the bridle comes the 
 
 last ; 
 We'll hitch him to the wagon, and then we'll get inside ; 
 We'll gather up the reins (chuck), and take a lovely ride. 
 Then wait for the wagon, wait for the wagon, wait for the 
 
 wagon. 
 And we'll all take a ride. 
 
 Chorus — Wait for the waofon. 
 
 Drim. for Lesson 5TI1. 
 
 This march should be made as different from the others 
 as possible, and a "quick step" might be introduced with 
 good effect. Beside the march for entrance and exit, the 
 children should march round the table at which the graft- 
 ing is being done, that all may see the process close at 
 hand. The closing march may be made as complicated 
 and picturesque as desirable, in imitation of the old fes- 
 tival of Harvest Home. 
 
 No. 5. — Fruits. 
 
 (/) What fruit tree is grown more generally than any 
 other? 
 A us. The Apple tree. 
 
 {2) Why ? 
 Aus. Because the wood is very hard, and is used for shuttles 
 and tool-handles, and in many other ways. Of 
 the fruit, fifty million bushels are eaten every year 
 in the United States alone. 
 
27 
 
 (?) How are Apple trees grown ? 
 Ans. Apple trees are best grown from cuttings, and will 
 thrive well in good pasture land if protected from 
 the cattle. They will begin to bear fruit when 
 about nine years old, and will continue to do so 
 for fifty years and more if well cared for. 
 
 {4) What care do they require ? 
 Ans. Branches heavy with fruit should be propped; all 
 dead branches should be cut off in October, and 
 borer worms should be dug from the bark with a 
 sharp knife. 
 
 (5) What is sometimes done to improve an orchard? 
 
 Ans. Grafts are made from trees bearing the best apples. 
 ((5) How is this done ? 
 
 Ans. A strong tree is chosen, and a sound limb sawed off, 
 leaving a stump ; this stump is split an inch deep 
 and a little wedge driven in. From the best tree 
 a sprig is cut about four inches long which has 
 several buds. This is sharpened on two sides like 
 a wedge, and put in the slit. The other wedge is 
 knocked out, and the whole cut covered with 
 grafting wax. 
 
 (7) When is this done, and what care is necessary? 
 Ans. It must be done in April, on a mild day, with a very 
 sharp knife, and as quickly as possible. 
 (c^) What is the advantage of grafting ? 
 
 Ans. A strong tree may bear a great many worthless apples ; 
 by taking a graft from a tree bearing good apples, 
 we will soon have good fruit from the stroma 
 tree. 
 
38 
 
 ig) How ma\- J\(rr trees be grown ? 
 Ans. If good cuttings arc planted in rich, moist soil, the 
 trees will bear fruit when six years old, and with 
 care mHII last fifty years. 
 
 (/o) What care do Pear frees require ? 
 
 Ans. The ground should be dug up and fertilized around 
 thcni each year. The borer-worm must be kept 
 from the trunk, and caterpillars from the leaves. 
 Weak branches must be propped, and dead ones 
 cut off. When the fruit is gathered it must be 
 picked by hand and never shaken from the tree. 
 
 (//) What other fruit trees are grown and cared for in 
 the same way ? 
 
 A/is. Peach, Plum and Cherry trees. 
 {12) How are Crape vines grown ? 
 
 Ans. From cuttings which should be planted in October, 
 pressing the earth very closely around the stem. 
 They should grow along the ground for two years, 
 then be raised on a trellis. They should bear 
 fruit in the fourth year, 
 (/j) What care do grape vines require? 
 
 Ans. The ground should be fertilized with potash and 
 bonedust each year, and any leaves showing the 
 eggs of insects should be picked and burned each 
 week. 
 (/./) How are Blackberries and Raspberries grown ? 
 
 Ans. They are grown from suckers, and as they have 
 thorns, should be planted in rows far enough apart 
 for convenience in picking the fruit. Blackberries 
 will grow almost anywhere, but Raspberries re- 
 ciuire good soil. They will bear fruit in two years. 
 
29 
 
 (/f ) What care do thev require ? 
 
 .I//S. They should be protected in Winter by banking- 
 earth about the roots, and should be pruned into 
 shapely bushes every spring-. 
 
 (i6) How are Currants and Gooseberries grown ? 
 Ans. From cuttings which should be planted in vSeptember, 
 in rich, moist soil, pressing" the earth close to the 
 stem. They should bear fruit the second 3^ear, 
 and this must be gathered by nipping the stem. 
 
 (//) W^hat care do they require.'' 
 
 Ans. Ashes should be sprinkled at the roots to keep off the 
 borer worms. If the currant worm eats the leaves 
 it must be destroyed by sprinkling slug-shot powder 
 on the bushes at night. 
 {i8) How are Stawberry vines grown ? 
 
 Ans. Yrovsx runners, which are planted in the Spring, in 
 rich soil, in beds four feet wide, with three rows 
 of plants in each bed. 
 {ig) How should the beds be arranged ? 
 Ans. The plants should be one foot apart, and the paths 
 between the beds should be two feet wide for con- 
 venience in picking- the fruit, which should be 
 done by nipping the stem. 
 
 {20) What care do Strawberries require ? 
 
 Ans. Before frost the beds should be lightly covered with 
 manure. In April this should be forked into the 
 ground, and then straw spread over the beds and 
 under the plants to protect the fruit from sand and 
 dirt. The beds should be kept free from weeds 
 and all useless runners should be hipped off. A 
 new bed should be planted everv two years. 
 
30 
 Chord — All rise. 
 
 SONG— "HARVEST HOME." 
 
 {Tune — " Eton Boat Song.'''') 
 I. 
 
 Whether we know or heed it, 
 
 We're Farmers, every one ; 
 Our lives are the fields we are tending, 
 
 Our deeds are the seeds we have sown. 
 And this is now our Springtime, 
 
 But the Autumn will surely come 
 For those who have toiled in earnest, 
 
 A glorious Harvest Home. 
 
 II. 
 
 Some may have ease and sunshine, 
 
 Some may have toil and pain, 
 But each is sent for a purpose 
 
 The Master alone can explain ; 
 And if your lot is thorny, 
 
 The Lord of the Harvest weighs 
 One sheaf from among the brambles 
 
 'Gainst ten from the fertile place. 
 
 III. 
 
 Then day by day must find us. 
 
 More earnest and brave and true, 
 Doing heartily as to the Master 
 
 All that we find to do ; 
 Then though the years divide us, 
 
 (And changes are sure to come) 
 Bringing our sheaves rejoicing, 
 
 We'll meet at the Harvest Home. 
 
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