LB 3052 .M6 T5 Copy 1 l TJ-fiH-IF=T=3tT— t^U ^^ Hi l Egl ^ — H ^SII — r^» E oMinhesota State Board x^thitiRiion ANSmBRS GRAMMAR p^HISTORY GEOGRAPHY Ten Examinations 1905 to 1914 Inclusive NORTH-WESTERN SCHOOL SUPPLY CO., PUBLISHERS ^^H MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA faiiuU^l lsSB^ i~^iri^^ 1 Tke State Board Examinations FROM 1905 - 1914 Being tke Principal Examination for Admission to tke State Higk ScKools of Minnesota First Edition Prepared b$ A. C. Tibbetts, Superintendent of ScKools Pipestone, Minn. NORTH-WESTERN SCHOOL SUPPLY CO.. PUBLISHERS Minneapolis, Minn. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS III. (8) Infinitive Classification Use 1. to peel noun Used as the object comple- ment of the verb, began. 2. to ask noun Part of to ask — shoot, which is used as the subject of the verb, was. 3. to shoot noun Used with its subject, woods- man, as the object comple- ment of the infinitive, to ask. 4. to put noun Used as the attribute comple- shame ment of the verb, was. IV. (17) Word Classification Use. 1. swinging 2. near 3. quiet 4. while 5. so 6. surely 7. to part 8. which present parti- ciple adverb of place adjective conjunctive adverb adverb of de- gree modal adverb root infinitive conjunctive pronoun Modifies the noun, Robert of Lincoln. Modifies the participle, swing- ing. Modifies the noun, wife. Connects the clause in which it stands, while — sings, to the verb, broods, and modi- fies the verb, sings. Modifies the adverb, much. Modifies the verb, predicted. Used with its subject, them, as the object of the prepo- sition for, and the whole phrase, for — part, subject of the verb, would be. Connects the clause in which it stands to the infinitive to warm, and is used as an adjective modifying the noun, effort. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS Word Classification Use 9. being 10. man 11. feet 12. thicker 13. thumb 14. as present parti- ciple noun noun adjective noun conjunctive pronoun Used as an adjective to mod- ify the pronoun he. Attribute complement of the present participle, being. Used as an adverbial object- ive to modify the phrase, in length. It expresses measure of distance. Used to modify the noun, wand. Subject of the verb, (is), un- derstood. Used to connect the clause in which it stands, as — used, to the adverb, so, and is used as the subject of the verb phrase, had been used. V. 0 MAY, 1909„ 1. (a) 403.0373 (b) .5 (c) .8 or % (d) i2y 2 % II. (a) $5.90% (b) 154-2/7 gallons. III. (a) 23^ mills. (b) $81.46275. IV. $49 V. (a) 40% gain. (b) $21.43% VI. (a) $3600 (b) $55 VII. 30 men. 42 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS MAY, 1910. I. $65.70 cost. II. $84.70 III. 15% gain. IV. $105.60 amount taxes. V. (a) 267.84685 (b) 66/15 or 4% VI. $214.56 VII. Balance due Brown $43.23 MARCH, 1911. I. (a) .75; 1.0; 1.5; .005; .875; .125. (b) 60% gain. II. $107.25 III. (a) $104 (b) $22.69V 3 IV. $777 7/9, $2,000. V. $540 VI. $980 profit. VII. (a) 40 A— 25c per A. (b) % MAY, 1911. I. 69 % sq. ft. II. 33%% III. $550 IV. $1166%, Amount due. v. $ny 5 VI. 25% discount. The first is $15 better. VII. 21406% gal. VIM. $20.15 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 43 MARCH, 1912. I. 12 yds. II. $3040 cost of farm. $19 cost per A. III. $63 IV. $23.28 % V. (a) 51% (b) 72. VI. 20% VII. $18.98 VIM. 129/70 ft. or 22.11 inches. IX. $7500 MAY, 1912. I. $20.74 II. $3120 III. 4:30 P. M. IV. $40 V. (a) .043-(-% butter fat. (b) 43.152 lbs. butter. (c) $12.08 1 / 4 cost of butter. VI. 18.35 -f ft. VII. (a) U (b) 9% (c) .225. 1000.75 (d) 150%; 61,4%; 16%%; 40%; 266%%. MARCH, 1913. 1. $55,728 II. 720 rds— $230.40, cost of fence. III. (a) $4750 (b) $63.60 44 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS IV. $16.03 V. $223.44 VI. (a) .008 (b) 120% (c) .1428 (d) 11/30 VII. (a) $120 (b) 5% yr. or 5 yr. 10 mo. VIII. (a) 7280.64 cu. ft. oxygen; 1935.36 cu. ft. nitrogen. (b) $31,200,000, value 1912. $624,000 increase. MAY, 1913, 1. (a) One hundred twenty-five b (b) 19y 5 (c) 12y 2 % (d) 10 II. $33 III. 92.36304 tons. IV. $5.16 V. $.04 taxes levied on one dollar, $1680 assessed value. $67.20 Taxes. VI. $374.70 VII. $11.52 MARCH, 1914. 1. $54. II. $11.98 III. 20 per cent IV. 74.22 plus V. 7 acres. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 45 VI. $18.72 VII. $122.08 VIM. a. $147.25 b. 48 times 33% cents, or V 3 of a dollar, equals $16. MAY, 1914. 1. a. 6 per cent. b. 2150.42 c. 231 d. 56 e. 128 f. 160 g. iy 2 approximately. h. 320 i. 64. j. 18 inches. k. 32 1. 3014 II. Two-thirds cup sugar. Four and two-thirds tablespoons melted butter. One-third cup milk. 1 cup flour. 2 eggs. 1 teaspoon baking powder. III. $ .012 IV. 34.5 cents. V. 23% bu. VI. $13.15 VII. $18,995 or $19. 46 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS State Board Examination AMERICAN HISTORY, 1905. 1. Virginia. 1607. Jamestown. New York. 1613. New York. Massachusetts. 1620. Plymouth. New Hampshire. 1623. Portsmouth. Connecticut. 1633. Windsor. Maryland. 1634. St. Mary's. Rhode Island. 1636. Providence. Delaware. 1638. Wilmington. North Carolina. 1653. Albemarle Sound. New Jersey. 1664. Elizabethtown. South Carolina. 1670. Ashley River. Pennsylvania. 1682. Chester. Georgia. 1733. Savannah. 2. See any good book of outlines. 3. General Cause, the democratic idea, gathering force in many English minds, since the Magna Charta. Immediate cause, taxation without representation, fol- lowed by measures enacted by Parliament, intended as punish- ment for the colonies, because of their objection to such taxation. The Great Lakes and Canada on the north, the Atlantic on the east, Florida on the south at 31 degrees north latitude, from the Mississippi to the Apalachicola, then by the present south boundary of Georgia to the Atlantic, on the west by MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 47 the Mississippi. The northeast boundary, the southern bound- ary, disputed by Spain, and the northwest boundary from the source of the Mississippi to the Lake of the Woods, were all indefinite. 4. Omitted. 5. Politician from the North who went South at the close of the war and gained power and office through the negro following and votes. Free Soiler was a member of the Free Soil party, 1848—1856. The Monitor, a flat-decked iron clad gunboat with re- volving gun tower in the center of the deck, arrived that night and in the morning attacked the Merrimac. Neither could injure the other during four hours of fighting, after which the Merrimac withdrew to Norfolk and the Monitor remained to protect the Union fleet. March 8, 1862. The Merrimac sank the Cumberland and compelled the Congress to surrender, then steamed to Norfolk, expecting to capture or destroy next day the entire Union fleet at Hampton Roads. Reconstruction Period was from the close of the Civil War to about 1880. An abolitionist was one who wanted to remove slavery entirely from the United States. 6. The immediate cause was the blowing up of the Maine. Remote cause — Spain's treatment of Cuba. Porto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. AMERICAN HISTORY, 1906. 1. Fur traders settled on Manhattan Island shortly after 1609, but the first lasting colony was formed in 1624 by the Holland West India company. Peter Minuit bought the Island 48 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS from the Indians for 60 guilders. The town was founded in 1626 and called New Amsterdam. In 1660 the popula- tion was nearly 1,000. The inhabitants farmed and traded, and defended the settlement by a stockade across the Island on the line of present Wall street, and a fort on the site of the Battery. In 1664, the town passed into the hands of the English and was renamed New York. 2. a. Royal, Charter, and Proprietary. b. A legislature. c. Sometimes by the king, sometimes by the proprietor, and sometimes by the vote of the people. d. To see that the laws were obeyed and enforced. 3. a. A peninsula of the James River, about 40 miles from its mouth. This peninsula has since become an island. Ease of protection. b. By ships which landed at the planter's wharves, with goods to be traded for tobacco. 4. a. Omitted. b. The commissary department, by mistake, had the supplies in another place; the country people round about sold their supplies to the British. 5. The United States gained the territory, including Cal- ifornia, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as the southern boundary of Texas. California became the greatest gold producing section of the world, and other parts of the territory have yielded enormous amounts of silver. 6. a. Central southern Pennsylvania. b. July 1—3, 1863. c. Meade, Lee. d. Pickett's. e. Turning point of the war. 7. 1867. $7,200,000. Thought inadvisable by many at that time, but now recognized as valuable. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 49 8. a. Constitution. b. Constitutional convention, 1787. c. Tenth amendment. 9. a. Reaper, McCormick. b. Cotton Gin, Whitney. c. Steamboat, Fulton. d. Locomotive, Stephenson. e. Sewing Machine, Howe. 10. a. Beads made of sea shells, for decoration and for money. b. Supporters of the king during the Revolution. c. Where the first Continental Congress met, 1774. d. Means by which slaves were carried secretly to Canada. e. United States paper money, mere promises by the government to pay, and without security. f. In commerce, a combination of manufacturers or others for the purpose of securing a monopoly of some article, or of controlling its production or selling price. 11. a. Roger Williams insisted that church and state should be separate. b. Hamilton put the credit of the United States upon a sound basis. c. Jackson insisted that the laws of the United States must be obeyed. d. Clinton built the Erie Canal. e. By treaty with Spain in 1819 the southern boundary of Oregon was 42° north. Thence to 54° 40' north and all west of the Rockies was disputed territory, claimed by both Great Britain and the United States, jointly occupied by treaty in 1818. Marcus Whitman led several thousand settlers from the United States to the Columbian region in 1843, which strength- ened the United States claim to this territory. To please northern Democrats, that party in its national convention in 1844 declared for the occupation of Oregon up to 54° 40'. "Fifty-four-forty-or-fight" became a party war-cry. After Texas 50 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS was annexed the United States served notice on Great Britain that joint occupancy of Oregon must cease after one year. England refused to accept 54° 40', as that would shut her from the Pacific, and proposed 49°, which line already separated a part of Canada from the United States. A treaty accepting this was concluded in 1846. f. Theodore Roosevelt was governor of New York and afterward President of the United States. 12. Fight between Merrimac and Monitor. Settlement of Jamestown. Fortress Monroe, Norfolk. AMERICAN HISTORY, 1st, 1907. 1. 1492. Discovery of America by Columbus. 1776. Declaration of Independence. 1789. Washington becomes President. 1803. Louisiana Purchase. 1809. Slave importation stopped. 1831. Reaper invented. 1846. Oregon acquired. 1863. Emancipation Proclamation. 1899. United States becomes a world power. 1914. Panama Canal opened. 2. a. English. Farming. b. Spanish. Soldiery and adventure. c. French. Hunters and trappers. d. Spanish. Franciscan monks. e. French. Fur traders. 3. 1. England was organizing the new government in India. 2. A lack of unity in England as to the proper treat- ment of America. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 51 3. Many colonies had originated because of England's oppression; hence further oppression was resisted more strenuously. 4. The colonies had developed fighting men in the Indian wars. 5. British soldiers were not accustomed to the kind of war the colonists waged. 4. 1. Wolfs Cave is the place where Wolfe, the English general, landed below the Heights of Abraham, at the time of his attack on Quebec, during the French and Indian war. 2. In Boston. A meeting place of patriots before and during the Revolutionary war. 3. Philadelphia. Meeting place of the Second Con- tinental Congress; and where the Declaration of Independ- ence was signed. 4. At Hartford. Wadsworth hid the Connecticut Char- ter here when Andros tried to take it away. 5. At San Antonio, Texas. Mexicans massacred a band of Texans resisting here, during Texan struggle for independence. 6. Northwestern Maryland on Potomac. A drawn bat- tle between McLellan and Lee with the effect of a Union victory since Lee retreated across the Potomac. 7. A few miles northwest of Philadelphia. American Army wintered there in 1777 — 78. 8. Charleston, S. C. Major Anderson surrendered it to General Beauregard, April 14, 1861. 5. 1. Pontiac, Indian leader in a war between the Ottawas and allied tribes and the English settlements west of the Alleghenies. 2. Leader in settlement of Rhode Island. 3. First governor of New Netherlands. 4. A governor of Virginia, opposed to education. 5. An American patriot hanged by British as a spy. 6. Union Admiral. Ran past forts at New Orleans and compelled city to surrender 1862. Repeated at Mobile, 1864. 7. Actor who assassinated President Lincoln. 52 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 6. See Constitution. 7. a. Movement of the center of political power away from Virginia and Massachusetts. b. No further extension of slavery. 8. Dred Scott, a slave, had been taken by his master to Illinois, then to Minnesota. When taken back to Missouri, he sued for his freedom on the ground of residence in free territory. Judge Taney of the Supreme Court decided against him. This meant that a negro had no rights in any part of the United States. 9. An attempt to remove the Sioux to a new reservation in 1876 led to a war with this tribe under Sitting Bull, in which General Custer and his 262 men were massacred. General Jackson, defending New Orleans, in war of 1812, with 6,000 rifle men, defeated 10,000 British under Pakenham, who lost 2,600 men in twenty-five minutes, while the Americans had eight killed and thirteen wounded. This battle was fought after the treaty of peace had been signed at Ghent. 10. The Embargo was intended to injure England, to which goods were carried. The Blockade was intended to injure the Confederate states by keeping the cotton at home. 11. Cotton Gin, 1794; Steamboat, 1807; Locomotive, 1814; Telegraph, 1844; Sewing Machine, 1846. 12. a. A sentence from the Ordinance of 1787. b. During Adams' administration United States envoys were refused audience by the French Directory unless a bribe were paid. Charles C. Pinckney, our minister to France made this reply to the demand. c. Declaration of the colonists just previous to the Revolution. d. An order issued on January 29, 1861, by John A. Dix, Secretary of the Treasury, apropos of a report that MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 53 an attack was about to be made on the United States Custom House at New Orleans by secessionists. e. Perry's dispatch to General Harrison after the battle of Lake Erie. AMERICAN HISTORY, 2nd, 1907. 1. St. Augustine. 1565. Spaniards. Santa Fe. 1582. Spaniards. Port Royal. 1605. French. Jamestown. 1607. English. Quebec. 1608. French. 2. First settlement in Georgia was Savannah, in 1733, by Oglethorpe, as a home for poor people and debtors of Eng- land. It became a royal province about 1751. 3. De Soto discovered the Mississippi in 1541. Marquette and Joliet went from Straits of Mackinaw into Green Bay, up the Fox River, across the portage to the Wisconsin, then down that river to the Mississippi in 1673. They went down the Mississippi to the mouth of the Arkansas. Father Hennepin explored the upper part of the Mississippi to St. Anthony's Falls, 1681. La Salle explored the lower part of the Mississippi from the Illinois river to its mouth, in 1682. 4. 1. First, no bill of rights. Second, too strong central government. 2. Hamilton, Madison. 3. Patrick Henry, James Monroe. 5. 1. Doubled the area of the United States. 2. Insured an open Mississippi. 3. Made the United States dominant on Western continent. 4. Paved the way for all subsequent purchases of ter- ritory under the treaty making power of Congress. 54 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 6. Jackson was bold and dashing by nature. He was in the army of the Revolution at thirteen. He had a hasty temper, fought several duels, and killed one man. He was representa- tive and senator in the United States congress, Judge of the state supreme court, general in the war of 1812, and President of the United States. During his presidency he removed 690 office holders to make room for his political friends. He opposed the United States Bank. Born in 1767, died 1845. 7. Stephen A. Douglas; the region north of 36° 30' between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains was to be divided into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska, the people of which were to decide the slavery question; nullified it; in 1857 the free-state men carried the territorial election. 8. See 5, 1905. 9. The chief dispute was in regard to the electoral votes of South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. If all these votes were counted as Republican, Hayes would have 185, and Tilden 184. The Electoral Commission appointed uncon- stitutionally by Congress, especially for this case, was made up of five Senators, five Representatives, and five Judges of the Supreme Court. Of these, eight were Republicans and seven were Democrats. The decision was for Hayes by a vote of eight to seven. 10. In 1882 a bill was passed by Congress prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers for a period of ten years. In 1888 Congress passed a law forbidding the return of Chinese laborers who had once left this country. In 1892 the Geary law was passed continuing this policy. 11. Settlement of Jamestown. Declaration of Independence. Purchase of Louisiana. Missouri Compromise. Inauguration of Lincoln; beginning of the Civil War. 12. John C. Calhoun, one of the chief advocates of State Sovereignty. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 55 Henry Clay, chief advocate of Missouri Compromise, compromise tariff of 1833 and the compromise of 1850. Thomas Edison. Incandescent electric light, many im- provements of the telephone and telegraph, the phonograph and many other inventions. Elias Howe. The sewing machine. William Henry Seward, the most prominent cabinet member during the Civil War. AMERICAN HISTORY, 1st, 1908. 1. a. St. Augustine. 1565. b. Jamestown. 1607. c. Quebec. 1541. d. New York. 1613. e. Wilmington, Del. 1638. 2. a. See 4 1st, 1907. b. A triple campaign was planned by the British for the control of the Hudson. Burgoyne was to go south from Canada, Howe to march north from New York, and St. Leger to go down the Mohawk, and all three meet at Albany. Howe diverted his army to take Philadelphia, Arnold forced St. Leger to retreat to Canada, Stark captured Burgoyne's Hes- sians at Bennington; Arnold and Morgan defeated Burgoyne in the first and second battles of Bemis Heights, and the Americans under Gates compelled him to surrender his entire army at Saratoga, Oct. 17, 1777. Results: The Hudson remained under control of the Americans, France recognized American independence, and aided Americans with men and money. c. See 6, 1906. d. Northeast Louisiana, on the Mississippi River. Surrendered to Grant after a siege of six months duration, July 4, 1863. This opened the Mississippi to the mouth. 56 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS e. On the southwest coast of Luzon, in the Philippine Islands. Taken by Dewey, from Spaniards, August 13, 1898. 3. a. Louisiana Purchase. b. Origin of the National Republican Party, later called Whigs, representing the "American System", advocating protection to industries, a United States Bank, a national currency and national aid to public improvements. c. Settlement of the Oregon boundary. d. Dred Scott decision. e. The Panic of 1873. 4. a. First slaves in America were sold by the Dutch to the settlers in Virginia. b. Congress passed a law prohibiting the importation of slaves, to take effect in 1809. c. Missouri Compromise. d. The Omnibus Bill. e. The Thirteenth Amendment, or — a. Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney. b. Pulton's Steamboat. c. Morse completed the electric telegraph so that messages could be sent. d. Telegraph by Morse. e. Sewing Machine by Elias Howe. 5. a. Abraham Lincoln. b. As commander-in-chief of the army. c. Issued September 23, 1862, effective January 1, 1863. d. To states then in rebellion against the United States. e. It provided for the freedom of all persons held as slaves in such rebellious territory. 6. a. No public capacity; as a privateer. b. As Secretary of the Treasury and as member of the Constitutional Convention. c. As General and as Commander-in-chief of the Army of the United States. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 57 d. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. e. As Secretary of War and as Vice President. f. As United States Senator and as Secretary of State. g. As Speaker of the House, as Senator and as chief advocate of the Missouri Compromise. h. As Rear-admiral, Vice admiral, and as Admiral in the United States navy. i. Brigadier General under Grant, and as General when Grant was elected President. j. As Secretary of State under Harrison. 7. Florida. 1819. Texas. 1836. Oregon. 1804. Alaska. 1867. Hawaii. 1898. Purchase from Spain. By annexation. By exploration of Lewis and Clark. Purchase from Russia for $7,200,000. Annexation. AMERICAN HISTORY, 2nd, 1908. 1. 1. The coast of North America from Labrador to North Carolina. 2. Southeastern part of what is now the United States. 3. Coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador and the St. Lawrence to Montreal. 4. The Upper Mississippi. 5. The southeastern and southern part of South America. 2. 1. Charter. To a representative form. Governor Yeard- ley called an election of two men from each neighborhood to form the House of Burgesses. These, with the Governor and his council, formed the General Assembly of Virginia. 2. Maine, New Hampshire, Massachussets, Connecti- cut, Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey. 58 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 3. John Harvard, in 1638. 4. a. New York, b. Virginia. 3. 1. Thomas Paine. 2. Thomas Jefferson. 3. Harriet Beecher Stowe. 4. Francis Scott Key. 5. Oliver Wendell Holmes. 4. 1. Saratoga. 2. The impressment of seamen. 3. State's Rights and Slavery. 4. To vote. 5. 1. Perry's victory. 2. Tyler vetoes two bills for a "Bank of the United States", passed by Congress. 3. Kansas-Nebraska bill passed. 4. Impeachment of Johnson. 5. Chinese exclusion act passed. 6. 1. Robert Morris, Superintendent of Finance, Revolu- tion. 2. Noah Webster, Writer of Dictionary. 3. Daniel Boone, Pioneer in Kentucky. 4. Cyrus McCormick, Inventor of the Harvester. 5. John Ericcson, Inventor of the Monitor. 6. John Brown, Insurrection at Harper's Ferry. 7. George G. Meade, General at Gettysburg. 8. Francis Parkman, Historical writer. 9. Cyrus W. Field, Laid first Atlantic Cable. 10. George Dewey, Admiral at Manila. 7. 1. The principle that officials in government employ shall obtain position by examination and hold same by merit. 2. The privilege of voting by women. 3. A day appointed by the President on which trees shall be planted. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 59 4. A duty paid on imported goods, designed to keep prices higher for protection of home industries. 5. An international sanitary benevolent society intended to reduce the horrors of war by caring for the wounded and otherwise needy; in times of peace to fight widespread disease, whether contagious or not; and in times of great disasters, such as fire, famine, or flood to aid the needy and destitute. AMERICAN HISTORY, 1909. 1. 1. It proved first, that the earth was round; second, that America was not made up of islands off the coast of Asia, as was the opinion of most geographers up to this time, but a new continent. 2. Sir Francis Drake. 3. The Panama Canal. 2. 1. Tobacco. 2. By fishing, farming, lumbering and trading. 3. Farming. 4. Rice and cotton. 3. 1. To give England control of both the import and export trade of America. 2. The enlargement of English territory, afterward to be the United States. 3. An act of Parliament which provided that every newspaper, pamphlet, advertisement, bill of merchandise, and legal documents of every kind should bear a government stamp. 4. On the evening of December 16, 1773, about fifty men dressed as Indians, boarded the vessels in Boston Harbor, and threw overboard three hundred forty-two chests of tea. They were angry because the tea was sent by King 60 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS George to be sold at a low price, who hoped thereby to trick the Americans into buying this low-priced tea with the duty on, thus acknowledging the right of Parliament to tax them. But the Americans refused to be tricked. 4. 1. This territory included what is now Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, with following reserva- tions: Connecticut reserved a tract of land one hundred and twenty miles long on the southern shore of Lake Erie, called the "Western Reserve." Virginia made two reservations, one between the Miami and Scioto Rivers, to pay soldiers of the Revolution and one in southern Indiana, called Clark's Grant, for reward- ing the men who were in Clark's expedition. 2. Ceded to the National Government by the original states having western land claims. 3. 1. It provided for: (1). The government of the territories. (2). The prohibition of slavery forever in the Northwest Territory. (3). Religious freedom to all settlers in the North- west Territory. (4). That schools and the means of education should be forever encouraged. 5. 1. Balboa. 2. Menendez. 3. Eli Whitney. 4. Lewis and Clark. 5. Commodore Thomas Macdonough. 6. Elias Howe. 7. Samuel Morse. 8. Commodore Matthew C. Perry, brother of Commo- dore O. H. Perry. 9. Henry Clay. 10. General Grant. 6. 1. De Soto. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 61 2. To acquire possession of the Mississippi valley for the King of France, by exploration. 3. Until 1795, the Spaniards charged a heavy duty at New Orleans on goods floated down the Mississippi, and sometimes seized both boat and cargo. The settlers, angered, threatened to raise an army to drive out the Spaniards. But by treaty in 1795, Spain granted the free use of the Mis- sissippi to western settlers. 4. In 1802, trading privilege at New Orleans was withdrawn from Americans by Spain. 7. 1. The fertility of its soil and its capacity for wheat production. 2. The discovery of silver in 1853 and of gold in pay- ing quantities in 1859. 3. The pleasing climate, fertility of the soil in the agricultural sections, and the profusion of timber in the timbered parts. 8. 1. To secure to fugitives, when arrested, the right of trial by jury. 2. To determine a specific arbitrary ratio of the pur- chasing power of equal weights of gold and silver. 3. To provide care and education for the negroes; to provide means by which government land could be pur- chased cheaply by them; and to give them further military protection. 4. It provided that employees of the government were to be classified, and appointed on the basis of competitive examinations, first on probationary, and second on per- manent appointments. It forebade recommendations for place by congressmen, and assessment of employees or con- tributions by them for political purposes. 5. It provided that no foreigner should be imported under a labor contract. 62 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS AMERICAN HISTORY, 1910. I. a. Columbus. b. Balboa. c. Ponce de Leon. d. Vasco de Gama. e. De Soto. f. John Cabot. g. Lieutenant Zebulon Pike, h. Jacques Cartier. i. Captain Robert Gray, j. Marshall and Sutter. II. a. A wigwam is conical in form and is composed of a framework of poles and a covering of skins, mats, bark or rushes. It is made large enough for sleeping or living room and high enough generally for an adult to stand upright in the center. b. Hatchet and maul. c. Iriquois. d. Algonquins. e. He attempted to harm his enemy as much as possible without getting into danger himself. He avoided fighting in the open and exposing him- self to view. The one who gathered the most scalps was the greatest hero. Treachery did not detract from his heroism. He skulked in the woods and grass like a wild beast to surprise his prey, and often attacked women and children. We think of that conduct as cowardly, yet really the Indian was courageous in many ways. III. a. Several things led to westward migration after 1815: 1. The Louisiana Purchase offered a large territory for settlement. 2. The Treaty of Ghent made the nation more stable and national citizenship stronger. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 63 3. The Cumberland road, built from Cumberland, Maryland, in 1811, over the Cumberland Moun- tains, partly by Braddock's military road, to the Ohio River at Wheeling, West Virginia. 4. The people of Europe, impoverished by the wars of Napoleon, came to America in great numbers. b. Six. Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri. c. The Erie Canal. d. Each new state admitted, became the center of agitation as to whether it should be free or slave. e. It made a home market for the factories of New England. IV. a. Stephen A. Douglas. b. To give new states, formed from the Louisiana Purchase the right to decide for themselves whether they would enter the Union free or slave states. c. It nullified it. d. A civil war accompanied by much bloodshed, until Kansas was admitted as a free state in 1861. V. a. South Carolina. b. The Confederate States of America. c. Jefferson Davis. d. Montgomery, Alabama, first, and Richmond, Vir- ginia, later. e. The capture of Fort Sumter. The seizure of navy yards, forts, and arsenals,. south of the Mason and Dixon line, by the Confederacy, before the capture of Fort Sumter, might be considered acts of war. VI. a. The Northmen. b. Magellan. c. George Calvert, Lord Baltimore. d. George Washington. e. Thomas Jefferson. f. Abraham Lincoln. g. Sherman. 64 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS h. Professor Bell. i. Dewey. j. Theodore Roosevelt. VII. a. It stimulated the production of cotton enormously. b. It increased the price of land. c. It increased the demand for slaves. d. It led to the building of large cotton mills in the North. e. It greatly increased our exports. VIM. In Rhode Island real estate owners and their eldest sons only, had the right to vote. Thomas Dorr, headed a party to secure general male citizen suffrage and was elected governor in 1842. The opposing party, headed by Governor King, denied Dorr's right to the office. The resort to arms on both sides did not pro- duce bloodshed. Dorr was imprisoned, released a few years later, and finally saw his cause triumph. b. An amendment to a bill before Congress in 1846, to pay Mexico for the lands taken from her in the Mexican war, which amendment provided that the money should be paid, provided none of the territory ever became slave. It failed to pass. c. In 1861, Captain Wilkes of the U. S. War Sloop, San Jacinto, forcibly took the Confederate commissioners, Mason and Slidell from the English steamer Trent. We should have had serious trouble with Great Britain, but President Lincoln released Mason and Slidell, and the trouble ended. d. In the spring of 1894, a horse dealer named Coxey, led an army of unemployed from Ohio to Washington to demand relief from the government. On this march they begged, stole, and captured trains with which to travel. On arrival at Washington they accomplished nothing and soon disbanded. e. Arid lands have been reclaimed or made productive by artificial irrigation, by individuals, corporations, and since 1902 by the Federal Government. This is MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 65 done by enormous dams, tunnels, canals, and pump- ing works from which the water is turned into the lands through pipes, ending in hydrants in some cases and ditches in others. Large portions of form- erly called desert land are now among the best agricultural sections in the world. AMERICAN HISTORY, 1st, 1911. 1. 1. Articles brought from the Indies to Europe, were ivory, silk, perfumes, precious stones, spices. Articles carried from Europe to the Indies, were lumber, metals and articles manufactured from these materials. 2. Venice and Genoa. 3. Genoese went by way of Constantinople and the Black Sea, part of the way by boat and part by . caravan. Venetians traded by way of Cairo and the Red Sea. 4. The Turks broke up the Genoese trade by way of Constantinople, so Columbus attempted to find another route to India. II. 1. Plymouth, 1620, on the southern part of the east- ern coast of Massachusetts. 2. They wanted to find a place where they could worship God as they pleased. 3. Miles Standish, John Carver, and William Brad- ford. 4. They were religious, quiet, industrious, purpose- ful people. 5. Under the Plymouth Company as a charter government. 66 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS III. 1. Peter Stuyvesant. 2. William Penn. 3. Alexander Hamilton. 4. James Monroe. 5. Joseph Smith. 6. Cyrus McCormick. 7. Commodore M. C. Perry. 8. Charles Goodyear. 9. John Ericsson. 10. Ulysses S. Grant. IV. 1. Through James Gadsden, who was United States minister to Mexico, what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico was bought from Mexico for $10,000,000, in 1853. 2. It is a statue over one hundred fifty feet high, of Liberty enlightening the World, presented to the United States by citizens of France. It was constructed by Bartholdi, a French sculptor, at a cost of more than $200,000 dollars. It was un- veiled and lighted in the autumn of 1886, on Bedloe's Island, in New York harbor. The foun- dation cost $300,000 dollars. 3. They are artificial banks, built along the Mis- sissippi at its mouth to narrow its channel, there- by causing a swifter rush of water through the channel, which keeps it deeper and clear of sedi- ment, so that New Orleans may now be reached by trans-Atlantic steamers. This work, under the direction of Captain James B. Eads, a St. Louis engineer, was completed in 1879. 4. The United States battle ship Maine was blown up in Havana harbor by the explosion of a sub- marine mine on February 15, 1898, and sank with 266 of her officers and crew. Intervention for Cuba and war with Spain were the immediate results. 5. One was laid in 1858 from Newfoundland to Ire- land but it parted in mid-ocean after three weeks MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 67 of service. In 1865, Cyrus W. Field, at the head of the enterprise laid 1,200 miles, when it again broke. In 186 S a cable was successfully laid. V. 1. Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman and George D. Meade. Robert E. Lee, and Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson. 2. Rosecrans was the Union General, Bragg, the Confederate. The battle on September 19, 1863, gave victory to neither side. On the second day September 20, Longstreet drove the Federal center and right, weakened by the movement of the troops to aid the left, from the field. Rose- crans was at the head of the defeated part of the army. But General Thomas, at the head of the left, held fast against the enemy during the entire afternoon. At night he retreated towards Chattanooga, where the entire Union army was besieged by Bragg. 3. Control by the Union force meant a divided Con- federacy, by the rebels, a united Confederacy. 4. At Appomatox Court House, April 9, 1865, by General Robert E. Lee to General U. S. Grant. VI. 1. Florida was the home of outlaws, such as pirates, smugglers, and also of Seminole Indians, who were unruly. General Jackson raided the province in 1818, chased the outlaws out of their hiding places and punished them vigorously. Spain was dis- pleased at this, and finally to avoid further trouble sold the province to the United States. 2. In order that another slave state would be added to the Union. VII. 1. Gross fraud and irregularities were charged against the elections in Oregon, South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana though both Republicans and Dem- ocrats claimed the victory. In order to settle the contest, Congress referred the matter to a Joint Electoral Commission, composed of five judges of 68 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS the Supreme Court, five representatives, and five senators. This Commission decided that Hayes had 185 electoral votes and Tilden 184. VIII. 1. Forty-six. 2. Nine. 3. Two. 4. Fifteen. 5. Nine. AMERICAN HISTORY, 2nd, 1911. I. a. The Norsemen. b. "Leif the Lucky." c. Vineland. d. Longfellow. II. a. For colonial trade with England. b. For colonial trade with Holland. c. As. a home for the oppressed Quakers. d. As a home for the oppressed debtors of England. III. a. John Carver. b. Champlain. c. Father Hennepin. d. Patrick Henry. e. John Hancock. f. Francis Marion. g. General Lafayette. h. Henry Clay. i. Commodore Perry, j. Grant. IV. 1. The royal governors were generally obnoxious to the colonies, so a standing quarrel over these ex- isted between the colonies and the mother country. 2. Taxation without representation. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 69 3. The Stamp Act. 4. The Navigation Acts. 5. The Mutiny Act. V. a. The Louisiana Purchase. b. Florida. c. The Gadsden Purchase. d. Alaska. e. Porto Rico, Guam, Hawaii. VI. a. The Embargo was a law passed in 1807, forbid- ding any vessel to leave an American port. The price of products fell, and American trade suffered. b. Nullification is the principle that state authority has the right to annul a law passed by Congress. It made no particular progress before the Civil War, and, of course, disappeared with that war. c. The Fugitive Slave Law provided that any citizen must, when summoned, aid in the capture of the slave and return to his owner. Feeling ran so high against its operation that many northern states passed personal liberty laws, opposing the operation of the federal law. d. The right of a citizen of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state. The negro thus acquired the right to vote before he could use it intelligently. e. The Tenure of Office bill denied to the President the right to dismiss federal officials and even the members of his own cabinet without the consent of the Senate. President Johnson dismissed Stan- ton, Secretary of War, and was impeached for it, but was not convicted. f. The Civil Service Reform acts of 1883 gave the President power to appoint a commission to ex- amine all persons seeking lower grade offices under the federal government, and to recommend those they thought fit. Other acts have regulated and defined the work of this commission. It saves the 70 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS time and energy of the President for more im- portant duties and removes appointments from politics, g. The Pension Act of 1890 added 480,000 names to the list of pensioned soldiers. It increased the pension cost about $145,000,000 dollars per year. VII. a. The acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase. b. Missouri Compromise. c. The Omnibus Bill of 1850. d. The Kansas and Nebraska Bill of 1854. e. The Dred Scott Decision; John Brown raid; the secession of Seven States. VIM. a. Federalist party made up of those who had voted for the adoption of the Constitution and their adherents. b. People, in general, who were in favor of abolish- ing slavery. . c. Free Soilers were a party composed of Wilmot Proviso Democrats, some Whigs and anti-slavery men organized in 1852. They afterwards became the Republican Party. d. An unorganized opposition to the Kansas and Nebraska bill, by anti-slavery-extension Democrats and Whigs. AMERICAN HISTORY, 1st, 1912. I. a. Americus Vespucius. b. Ponce de Leon. c. Quebec. d. Jamestown. e. Roger Williams. f. Swedes. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 71 g. Salem, Massachusetts, h. New Netherlands, i. Canada, j. Jamestown. II. a. The Stamp Act of 1765 was passed by Parlia- ment and provided that stamps must be placed on legal documents, newspapers, etc., and the rev- enue from the sale was used to pay the soldiers quartered in the colonies. b. 1. It broke up the English plans for the war. 2. It secured the aid of France for the United States. 3. It prevented opening a way for the British from Canada to New York City. 4. It gave the Americans renewed courage. 5. It led Great Britain to make liberal proposals for closing the war and yet retain her colonies. c. 1. It had no chief executive. 2. Its congress could not compel obedience to the laws passed. 3. It could not compel the people to furnish money for the support of the government. 4. It could not compel men to serve in the army for the defense of the country. 5. No law could be passed without the consent of nine states. III. a. President Monroe's message to congress, De- cember 2, 1823. b. Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. c. Commodore M. C. Perry, in 1854. d. Between the United States and British Columbia. e. Treaty with Panama, 1903. IV. a. 1. That Missouri should be admitted as a slave state. 2. That Maine should be admitted as a free state. 3. That slavery should be forever prohibited in all other territory of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36° and 30'. 72 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS b. 1. That California be admitted as a free state. 2. That the territories of Utah and New Mexico be organized without mention of slavery. 3. That the slave trade be abolished in the Dis- trict of Columbia. 4. That Texas be paid $10,000,000 dollars for ter- ritory ceded by it to the Federal Government. 5. That runaway slaves be returned with more certainty and with stronger Federal enforce- ment than hitherto. c. 1. That Kansas and Nebraska be organized as territories. 2. That later they were to enter the union as free or slave states, according to the vote of their citizens. V. a. Passed 1787; provided that the Northwest Ter- ritory be divided into five states. Religious free- dom, encouragement for education, and prohibi- tion of slavery forever, were the important pro- visions. b. Purchased in 1803 of France, by President Jef- ferson, for $15,000,000 dollars. It contains 900,000 square miles, and cost us less than three cents an acre. c. Reconstruction was the process by which the ceded states were restored to the status as states which they were in before the war. Johnson recognized the state government which had been organized during the latter part of the war in Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas and Louisiana. Provisional governors were appointed in the other states, who called conventions to form loyal gov- ernments. These conventions met and repealed the ordinances of secession; repudiated the rebel war debt; and ratified the thirteenth amendment. Congress did not accept Johnson's policy, and re- quired that states should ratify the fourteenth amendment. The southern states generally re- MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 73 fused to ratify it and congress passed a recon- struction act over the president's veto by which six southern states were restored to the union in 1868. Four others accepted the conditions of res- toration in 1870. Tennessee had been re-admitted in 1866. d. Dred Scott, a slave sued for his freedom on the grounds that his master had taken him from Missouri into Illinois and later into the territory now Minnesota. The case reached the United States Supreme Court. The court decided: 1. That the slave was not a citizen of the United States. 2. That neither congress nor the people of a territory had a right to interfere with the holding of slaves by the owner in that territory. 3. That the Missouri Compromise was unconstitu- tional. The decision was rendered in 1857. VI. a. Robert Fulton. b. Commodore Perry. c. President Jackson. d. Anti Abolitionists. e. Harriet Beecher Stowe f. General Meade. g. Grant's. h. Hayes. i. Elias Howe. J- Roosevelt. VII. a. Under the "Spoils System" government employees were turned from office when a new political party came into power, thereby impairing the service. b. Different passenger and freight rates in various states, and discrimination in favor of large ship- pers and favorably located places. c. Restraint of trade made possible by combination of larger business interests. 74 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS d. That Congress might have the services of this board in investigating the cost of production of manufactured articles in other countries and the cost of the same in the United States, as an intelligent basis for tariff legislation. e. See Civics. AMERICAN HISTORY, 2nd, 1912. I. a. The East Indies. b. Ferdinand and Isabella, sovereigns of Spain. c. Mariner's compass and astrolabe. d. Friday, October 12, 1492. e. San Salvador. f. By ringing of church bells and shouts of welcome. g. Three. h. For the double purpose of making settlements and finding riches, i. Poor, forsaken, and ignorant of the meaning of his discoveries. II. a. Plymouth Rock, 1620. b. John Carver. c. Farming and fishing. d. Roger Williams and Mrs. Anne Hutchinson. e. Harvard. f. Protection against the Indians and to resist the entrance of the Dutch into the Connecticut valley. g. 1684. III. a. Aim; To cut New England off from the other col- onies. Causes of failures; Howe moved to Phila- delphia instead of up the Hudson. St. Leger was defeated at Fort Schuyler. Colonel Baum was de- feated at Bennington. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 75 b. Arnold was reprimanded by Congress for miscon- duct in commanding Philadelphia. To be re- venged, he asked for the command of West Point, the main strategic point on the Hudson, and it was given him in July, 1780. He arranged with Major Andre to surrender it to the British. Andre was captured with the evidence of Arnold's treachery in the papers on his person. The Amer- ican officer to whom he was delivered, not sus- pecting Arnold, sent him word of the capture. Arnold fled to British protection and served as a British officer during the rest of the war. IV. a. Eli Whitney's. b. Robert Fulton's. c. McCormick's. d. Trolley Lines. e. By irrigation. f. Professor Bell's. g. The Anti-Contract-Labor Law of 1885. h. The Homestead Law of 1862. i. The linotype machine, j. Ninety-two million. V. a. "That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalianable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." b. Congress had power to levy and collect taxes or duties for the maintenance of the government. Congress could provide an army. c. That we might not be involved in a quarrel with England. d. See V, d. 1st, 1912. e. To weaken the South by taking away the help of the slaves on plantation and in camp; and for the moral effect it would have on the attitude of foreign nations toward the United States. 76 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS VI. a. Polygamy. b. January 1, 1911, the following states were oper- ating laws either statutory or constitutional, pro- hibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors: Alabama, Georgia, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, North Caro- lina, North Dakota, Oklahoma and Tennessee.' c. To secure for the laborer reasonable hours, better wages, and sanitary conditions in places of labor, and regulate child and woman labor. d. Department of Commerce and Labor. e. See 7, 5, 2nd 1908. VII. a. The distinctive feature of the Australian Ballot is that the voter is furnished a booth in which he prepares his ballot alone. b. Theoretically the term "Gold Standard" means that a nation having this standard will redeem any kind of money it has issued in gold, dollar for dollar. Practically, in the United States it means that any money issued is accepted as readily and is as valuable as a purchasing medium as gold. c. The World's Columbian Exposition was an im- mense fair held in Chicago, in 1893, to celebrate the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus. It was designed to occur in 1892, but preparations were not complete then. It continued from May until October. d. Pension Act — The new Pension Act was passed in 1890, during McKinley's administration. It added nearly half a million names to the pension list. At the beginning of this century the total number of pensions was nearly a million. e. In 1815, the New York Peace Society was organ- ized and later the same year, the Massachusetts Peace Society. In 1816, the English Peace Society was founded in London. From the English and American beginnings the peace movement has spread to all countries, resulting in the first Hague Conference in 1899, and numerous arbitration MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 77 treaties between different pairs of nations, until the number of such treaties now operating is well toward 200. The object of the movement is to do away with war. Speculation following the rapid growth of the West, disastrous fires in Chicago and Boston, and the large amount of money needed to rebuild them ; the increase of manufactures faster than demand for them; and the mass of paper money issued during the war and its fluctuating value, werp the causes of this panic. A corrupt body of officials in New York City for several years, just previous to 1873, headed by William Marcy Tweed, a commissioner of public works and a Tammany boss. They protected thieving in all forms and stole enormously from the city treasury. The ring was broken up in 1873, and Tweed was sentenced to the penitentiary, but was freed on appeal. AMERICAN HISTORY. 1st, 1913. I. a. Discovery and Exploration, The French and In- dian Wars, The Revolutionary War, Building the Nation, The Civil War, Reconstruction, The Re- united Union, b. The Impressment of American seamen by British men-of-war. The contest for free and slave states admitted from the Louisiana Purchase. The southern boundary of Texas. Competition between Chinese and American labor in the western states. The Temperance Reform. 78 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS II. Balboa; Ponce de Leon; Balboa; De Soto; The Cabots; John Davis; Cartier; Henry Hudson; Father Hennepin; Captain Gray. III. a. They were built from timber, cut from the forest on the shore of Lake Erie. Lawrence's motto, "Don't give up the ship" floated over his ship. He sent the message, "We have met the enemy and they are ours; two ships, two brigs, one schooner, and a sloop." It compelled the British to retreat from Detroit and kept the control of the Northwest in our hands, b. See 6, 1906. The Union forces were victorious. IV. Nathaniel Bacon was the leader of Bacon's Re- bellion in 1676, against the faulty Virginia gov- ernment. Daniel Boone was the pioneer settler of Kentucky. Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel. Henry Clay was the author of the Missouri Com- promise. Admiral George Dewey won the Battle of Manila Bay May 1, 1898. Benjamin Franklin discovered the identity of elec- tricity and the cause of lightning. Robert Fulton invented the steamboat. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Inde- pendence. Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the world in 1519-21. General William T. Sherman was leader of the campaign against Atlanta in 1864. V. a. Andrew Jackson. b. Andrew Jackson. c. Van Buren. d. Cleveland. VI. a. Ulysses S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison, William Mc- Kinley, Theodore Roosevelt, Rutherford B. Hayes. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 79 b. During Grant's term; carpet baggers in the south; Kuklux Klan arose; Fifteenth Amendment passed; Panic of 1873. Credit Mobilier Scandal. Benjamin Harrison's term: McKinley tariff Bill passed; a new pension law passed; Farmer's Al- liance originated; large Democratic gains in the state and congressional biennial elections; The People's Party formed. McKinley's term: Dingley tariff bill passed; Brooklyn became part of "Greater New York"; Blowing up of the Maine; war with Spain; Ha- waiian Islands annexed. Hayes' term: carpet bag governments in the south ended; specie payment resumed; Mississippi jetties completed; business depression in 1877; Hayes vetoes the Chinese exclusion act. Roosevelt's term: Oklahoma admitted; American intervention in Cuba; destruction of San Francisco; the Portsmouth, New Hampshire treaty signed closing Japan-Russo War; our battle fleet sails around the world. VII. See Cyclopedia. AMERICAN HISTORY. 2nd, 1913. 1. 1. Virginia. 2. Massachusetts. 3. New York. 4. Delaware. II. 1. 1. Goods could not be shipped into or from the colonies except in English or Colonial built ships. 2. Goods shipped from continental Europe to Amer- ica had to come via London, where a duty was collected on them. 80 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 2. First, because they had failed to conquer the north, and second, because there were more royalists in the south. III. 1. See 4a, 1st, 1912. 2. Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Missouri and Tennessee. IV. 1. From New York by the Hudson and Erie Canal; From Philadelphia by the National Road and the Ohio River. 2. 1. It extended the system of slavery to the west and the southwest. 2. It opened a great agricultural region whose products fed and clothed the factory people of the east. V. Florida, 1819— Spain. Alaska, 1864 — Russia. Hawaii, 1898 — Annexed. Porto Rico, 1899 — Spain. VI. 1. During Monroe's Administration. 2. The Confederacy. 3. A society for the relief of suffering, especially in times of stress, as war famine, etc. See 7, 5, 2nd, 1908. 4. Trouble in Boston, in 1770, between the citizens and British soldiers, in which several citizens were shot. 5. Means by which slaves were helped to reach Canada. 6. Treaties by means of which the United States could carry on commerce with China. VII. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill: 1. Two Territories. 2. Compromise of 1820 repealed. 3. History of this repeal. 4. People of territories to decide slavery question. - 5. Subject to Constitution of United States. 6. Anti-Nebraska men. 7. Doubtful effect of the law. 8. Effect on Kansas and Nebraska. 9. The vote on the bill. 10. Public sentiment North. 11. Public sentiment South. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 81 AMERICAN HISTORY, March, 1914. 1. a. Columbus discovered Central America in 1502. b. De Soto discovered the Mississippi River in 1549. c. Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence in 1534. d. Cortez discovered New Mexico in 1519. e. Captain Gray discovered the Columbia River in 1792. 2. a. Virginia was settled at Jamestown, in 1507, under Captain John Smith, for the purpose of trade. b. New York was settled at Fort Orange, in 1623, by Captain Joris, for escape from persecution as prot- estants. c. Rhode Island was settled at Providence in 1636, by Roger Williams, as a haven for those persecuted in the Plymouth colony. d. Maryland was settled at St. Mary's, in 1633, by Leonard Calvert, as a religious asylum for perse- cuted Catholics. e. Georgia was settled at Havana, in 1733, by Ogle- thorpe, as an asylum for English debtors. 3. a. George Washington. b. Burgoyne was to advance South from Ticonderoga, St. Leger was to come down to Mohawk Valley, and Howe was to proceed northward from the vicinity of New York. c. Battle of Guilford Court House, March 15, 1781. d. The treaty of peace was signed at Paris, September 3, 1783. 4. a. Great Britain and the United States both laid claim to Oregon by right of discovery. In 1818, they agreed to joint occupation temporarily. In 1846, by treaty with Great Britain, the present boundary and limits were agreed upon by the two countries; b. Florida was obtained from Spain in 1819, by pur- chase, the price being $5,000,000. 82 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS c. Texas was obtained by annexation at her request on March 1, 1845. d. New Mexico was obtained by purchase from Mexico, in 1848. e. Hawaii was obtained by annexation in 1898. 5. a. 1. Establishment of a complete blockade of the Southern ports. 2. The attack and capture of Richmond. 3. Opening of the Mississippi River. 4. To march an army from the confederate line in the west through the Carolinas, thence north- ward into Virginia. b. Sherman was commander of the Union forces, and Johnston and Howe of the Confederates. c. 1. To strike a blow at the labor system of the slave states. 2. To satisfy the northern demand for negro freedom. d. Johnson did not consider that the southern states had been out of the Union. Proclamations recog- nizing the states as parts of the Union and re- moving all restrictions on trade between the two sections were made, and full amnesty granted those who had been in rebellion. 6. a. The object of the Ku Klux Clan was to drive out the carpet baggers and take away the political power of the negroes. b. The object of the Albany convention was to form a plan of union against the French. c. The purpose of the New England confederation was to protect New England from the mother country, the Dutch in the Connecticut Valley, the French in the North, and the Pequot Indians. d. The purpose of the Conway Cable was to ruin the reputation of Washington as a military commander and to remove him from command of the army. e. The purpose of the Hartford Convention was to in- tensify the doctrine of "State's Rights" and pos- sibly to break up the Union. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 83 f. The purpose of the passage of "Gag Rule" was to prevent the anti-slavery petition to Congress. g. The purpose of the Credit Mobilier was to bribe Congressmen to give favors to the Union Pacific railroad, which it was building, h. The purpose of the Australian ballot is to give secrecy to the vote of an individual, i. The purpose of the Pan American Congress was to enable the people of the nations of the western continent to get better acquainted with each other as a basis for better trade relations and arbitra- tion, j. The purpose of the Hague Tribunal is to decide such international disputes as may be referred to it and thus do away with war, so far as possible. 7. a. 1. That all debts of the National Government should be paid in full. 2. That the war debts of the several states should be assumed and paid by the National Government, b. 1. It provided for the organization of the Kansas and Nebraska territories. 2. It provided that the people of these territories should decide whether they should enter the Union as free or slave states. c. 1. Article 16. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states and without regard to any census or enumeration. 2. Article 17. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the quali- fications requisite for electors of the most nu- merous branch of the state legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any state in the senate, the executive author- 84 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS ity of each state shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. Provided, That the legisla- ture of any state may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution, d. The purpose of the "Monroe Doctrine" was to pre- vent foreign nations from gaining any kind of authority or control on the western continent, c. I. Great Britain attempted to compel Venezuela to accept a boundary line distasteful to the latter. Cleveland protested that it was a violation of the Monroe Doctrine, and in 1897, England agreed to arbitration of the matter. 2. Great Britain, Germany, and Italy, blockaded the ports of Venezuela in 1903, to compel payment of certain debts. President Roosevelt protested against this as a violation of the Monroe Doc- trine; the blockade was withdrawn and the case referred to the Hague Tribunal. AMERICAN HISTORY. May, 1914. 1. a. The Cabots — Labrador. b. Hennepin — St. Anthony Falls. c. Drake — Oregon Coast. d. Henry Hudson — The Hudson River. e. Marquette — Exploration of the Mississippi River to to the mouth of the Arkansas. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 85 f. Coranado — Discovered the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. g. Raleigh — Virginia. h. Champlain — Founded Montreal, i. Cartier — St. Lawrence River, j. Cortez — Mexico, k. De Soto — The Mississippi. 1. Lewis and Clark discovered the head water of the Columbia River. 2. a. Rivalry of the two established Christian faiths, Prot- estant and Catholic. Rivalry of France and England for territorial supremacy. b. To cut the eastern states from the middle states Burgoyne was to proceed from Canada to Albany - via Lake Champlain; St. Leger was to go up the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario to Oswego, then down the Mohawk Valley to Albany. And Howe was to go up the Hudson to Albany, where all were to meet. Burgoyne took Ticonderoga, and Fort Edward. Thence he sent one thousand men to Bennington for supplies. These were destroyed by Colonel Stark. St. Leger besieged Fort Stanwix, Schuyler sent Arnold to relieve it and St. Leger retreated to Oswego. Howe failed to appear, Bur- goyne defeated successively at Bemis' Heights, Stillwater and Saratoga, surrendered October 17, 1777. c. 1. It prevented the capture of New York state by the British. 2. It led the king to offer the colonies everything but independence. 3. It induced France to give the colonies aid. 3. a. Virginia, at Jamestown. b. 1. That Maine should be admitted as a free state. 2. That Missouri should be admitted as a slave state. 3. That all territory of the Louisiana purchase North of 36 degrees, 30 minutes, should be free. 36 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS c. 1. To divide the democratic party in the North. 2. To increase the number of Republicans in the North. 4. a. 1619 — Introduction of slavery in the United States. b. 1607 — Settlement of Jamestown. c. 1643 — New England League; New Haven Colony founded; Roger Williams obtained first charter of Rhode Island. d. 1765 — Stamp Act passed. e. 1620 — Landing of the Pilgrims. f. 1903 — Dispute about the eastern boundary of south- ern Alaska settled, in favor of the United States. g. 1776 — Declaration of Independence, h. 1858 — Discovery of gold in Colorado. i. 1789 — Inauguration of George Washington, j. 1913 — Inauguration of Woodrow Wilson. 5. a. It prevented France from pushing a claim for aid in her war with Great Britain. It gave Great Britain no reasonable pretext for trouble with the United States. b. 1. The cession of a ten-mile strip by Panama to the United States. 2. The purchase of the French, rights in the canal zone. 3. The question of charging American vessels the same tolls as those of other nations. 6. a. 1. Elias Howe. 2. Cyrus McCormick. 3. Eli Whit- ney. 4. Alexander Bell. 5. Edison. 6. Robert Fulton. b. a. To secure, control of the Mississippi River; to prevent occupation of the territory by Napoleon's troops; to avoid international trouble with Spain and France, b. It increased greatly the area of the United States; gave room for expansion of population, furnished opportunity for the explorer and MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 87 geographer and added greatly to the potential wealth in forests, agricultural products and min- erals. 7. James Madison — War with Great Britain. James Monroe — Monroe Doctrine enunciated. John Quincy Adams — Erie Canal opened. Andrew Jackson— War on the Bank of the United States. Martin Van Buren — Financial panic of 1837. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS State Board Examinations GEOGRAPHY, 1905. All map questions are omitted. 1. North Frigid Zone 23%°. North Temperate Zone 43 J . Torrid Zone 47°. South Temperate Zone 43°. South Frigid Zone 23%°. Amazon River rises at the foot of the Andes Moun- tains and flows almost directly east into the Atlantic Ocean. It is very wide and very deep; its valley is heavily forested. Parana River rises in the Plateau of Brazil, flows south, west, south, and then east into the Plata River, which is really a great estuary. It is navigable for many miles; it flows through the pampas regions. Orinoco River rises in the Plateau of Guiana, flows north and then east across a large delta into the At- lantic Ocean; it flows through a grass land called the llanos. Beet sugar — Germany. Cane sugar — Louisiana, U. S. Maple sugar — Vermont, U. S. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 89 5 6. Great Britain — Southern Africa. Germany — Southwest Africa. France — Northern Africa. The Netherlands — East Indies, southeast of Asia. United States — Philippines, southeast of Asia. 1. GEOGRAPHY, 1906. 2. The Clyde is a river in southwestern part of Scotland. Oxford is a university town on the Thames in England. Orkney Islands are north of Scotland. Gibraltar is a strait and fortress south of Spain. Warsaw is a city in southwestern part of Russia. Tiber is a river in western Italy on which Rome is situated. Bulgaria is a country bordering on the Black Sea in southern Europe. Apennines are mountains which extend through Italy. Vatican is the palace of the Pope in Rome, Italy. Fiords are drowned young river valleys, steep-walled narrow bays of Norway, Alaska, southern Chile. 3. North Frigid Zone, 23^° wide, bounded by Arctic Circle and North Pole. North Temperate Zone, 43° wide, bounded by Arctic Circle and Tropic of Cancer. Torrid Zone, 47° wide, bounded by Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. South Temperate Zone, 43° wide, bounded by Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle. South Frigid Zone, 23%° wide, bounded by the Antarctic Circle and South Pole. 90 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS Tokyo, 35° North Latitude. Hondo. It is about the same size. Southern California. 6. 7. Iron — Minnesota. Copper — Montana. Corn — Iowa. Coal — Pennslyvania. Cotton — Texas. Coke, limestone and iron ore are put into the furnace in layers. The coke burns and melts the limestone and iron. The limestone gathers the impurities and rises to the top where this "slag" is drawn off. The iron, being heavier, is drawn off at the bottom of the furnace and it flows out into molds. In the molds it cools and forms pig iron. Cotton growing is done in fields. The ground is plowed in the spring and the seeds are drilled in about three feet apart. The plants appear above the ground in about eight days. The young plants must be culti- vated and weeded until the flowers appear. The plants grow to be four or five feet in height. The seeds ripen after a period of seventy or eighty days and then the cotton wool is ready for picking. GEOGRAPHY, 1st, 1907. 1. a. b. 2. 3. To Ohio and Pennsylvania. Lake Superior, Soo Canal, Lake Huron, St. Clair River, St. Clair Lake, Detroit River, Lake Erie. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 91 Coal, manufactured articles. Soo canals and locks. The selvas of the Amazon are tropical jungles, and contain the densest vegetation of the world. The llanos of Orinoco are grass lands during the rainy season, almost treeless. In the dry season they are scarcely more than desert plains. The steppes of Russia are great, treeless, salty, grass covered lands, too dry for agriculture. The Bad Lands of Montana are rocks left after rivers have carried away the softer rocks. They are barren tracts of land, no vegetation is found on the rocky peaks and ridges. The staked plains of Texas are plains, arid and treeless but valuable grazing lands. Enough grass to support many cattle grows there. Republic. Cattle grazing. Rhine, Danube, Po, Rhone. German, French and Italian. 16,000 square miles. 720 square miles (Faribault). 1. Suez Canal saves trip around Africa. 2. Kiel Canal saves trip around Denmark. 3. Caledonian Canal saves trip around Scotland. 4. Canal du Midi saves trip around Spain. Great Britain, Australia. Supplies mother country with raw materials, offers a market for goods manufactured. Australia sends wool to England and buys much from England. France, Tunis. France gets most of the trade from Tunis and the Sahara back of it; it secures special privi- leges for her traders in the Sahara. The Netherlands, Dutch East Indies. The Dutch get the sugar and spices, refine them and sell them in many lands. The colonies buy great quantities of cotton and other manufactured articles from Holland. 92 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS GEOGRAPHY, 2nd, 1907. 1. 2. Jamaica is an island in the West Indies. Luzon is the largest island of the Philippines, southeast of Asia. Samoa is a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, south- west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Australia. San Juan is the capital of Porto Rico, on the north- eastern coast of the island. Sitka is a city on southeastern coast of Alaska. Yukon is a river flowing through Canada, across Alaska into Bering Sea. Tropic of Capricorn is a parallel 23%° south of the equator, upon which the sun's rays fall directly De- cember 22nd. Westminster Abbey is a famous church in London which contains tombs and monuments of many famous men and women. Belfast is a city on the northeastern coast of Ireland. Seine is a river in northern France which flows north- west into the English Channel. 3. Russia is now a limited monarchy, the ruler is called the Czar, the legislative body, Douma. England, limited monarchy. The ruler is a king, but executive power is vested in a cabinet of which the prime minister is the head. Legislative power is vested in House of Lords and House of Commons. Switzerland is a republic. The ruler is called "Presi- dent." Legislative branch is a Congress. Germany is a limited monarchy, the ruler is called Kaiser, legislative power is vested in the "Reichstag" and the "Bundesrat." Italy is a limited monarchy, the ruler is a king, legislative power is vested in a Parliament. 4. New Orleans — Galveston. San Francisco — Seattle. Naples — Marseilles. MINNESOTA STATE ECARD ANSWERS 93 Buenos Aires — Rio de Janeiro. Shanghai — Hongkong. 5. New York, Michigan. Minnesota, Michigan, Alabama. L. a. b. GEOGRAPHY, 1st, 1908. a. Suez Canal, Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, Soo Canal, Manchester Ship Canal, and Welland Canal. • b. Sahara and Desert of Gobi. Plain of India and Amazon valley. a. New England, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota Woods; Georgia and South Carolina; Washington and Oregon. b. a. Corn — Iowa. b. Coal — Pennslyvania. c. Wheat — Kansas. a. a. Sheffield— Cutlery. b. Mecca— Sacred city for Mohammedans. c. Trinidad — Asphalt. d. Hongkong — British seaport, China. e. Melbourne— Capital of Victoria, metropolis of Australia. b. Porto Rico, in the West Indies, southeast of Florida. Wake Island, in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaiian Islands and Philippine Islands. Tutuila, one of the Samoa Islands in the Pacific Ocean, south of the equator. 94 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 5. a. Latitude, altitude, nearness to large bodies of water, prevailing winds, b. Trans-Siberian Railroad. St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Port Arthur. 6. a. a. Tundra is the marsh land along the Arctic shores, frozen in winter; swampy, covered with moss, lichens and a few dwarfed trees in summer. b. Peat is a vegetation decomposed in swamps or bogs, forming a kind of fuel, found in Ireland and Denmark. c. Steppes are salty lands covered with grass but too dry for agriculture, found around the Caspian Sea. d. Llanos are grass lands found along the Orinoco River. b. a. Rubber — Amazon Valley, Brazil. b. Pearls — Persian Gulf, Asia. c. Opium — India, Asia. d. Camphor — Formosa, Japan. 1. a. b. GEOGRAPHY, 2nd, 1908. a. "Key to the Mediterranean" is Gibraltar, the fortress in southern Spain. Westminster Abbey is a famous church in London. Vatican is the residence of the Pope in Rome, Italy. Bad Lands are rocky, arid regions of South Dakota, North Dakota and Montana. Alhambra is a ruined castle of the Moors in Granada, Spain. MINNESOTA STATE BO ARD ANSWERS 95 b. Rubber — Amazon Valley, Brazil. Turpentine — Georgia, South Carolina, U. S. Camphor — Formosa, Japan. Quinine — Ceylon, Java; Asia. Cork — Portugal, Spain; Europe. 3. a. Odessa, Black Sea, Bosphorus, Sea of Marmora, Dardanelles, Aegean Sea, Suez Canal, Red Sea, Strait of Babel Mandeb, Gulf of Aden, Arabia Sea to Bombay. b. Seine — Paris. Elbe — Hamburg. Thames — London. Mersey — Liverpool. Rhone — Lyons. 4. a. Paris, on the Seine, northern France. b. St. Petersburg, on the Gulf of Finland, western Russia. c. Minneapolis, on the Mississippi, eastern Minnesota. d. San Francisco, on San Francisco Bay, in western California. e. Pribilof Islands, southwest of Alaska. 5. Chamois — Alps Mountains. Bald eagle — Rocky Mountains. Condor — Andes Mountains. Turkey — Adirondack Mountains, New York. Yak— Tibet. Beaver — Lakes of Canada. Crocodile — Ganges River. Tiger — Jungles of India. Reindeer — Northern Europe. Cobra — Jungles of India. Moose — Northern Canada. 6. a. New York — Bread- d. Rio de Janeiro — stuffs. Coffee. b. Havana — Sugar. e. Cape Town — Gold. c. Para — Rubber. f. Bombay — Cotton. 06 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS g. Sydney — Wool. j. Rotterdam — Spices. h. Manila — Manila hemp. k. Seattle — Lumber, i. Liverpool — Manufacturedl. Duluth — Iron ore. Cotton. GEOGRAPHY, 1909. 1. a. b. 2. a. Torrid Zone. Luzon. Manila. Manila hemp, tobacco, rice, b. Guam, in the Ladrone Islands, west of the Hawaiian Islands, east of Philippines. Porto Rico, in West Indies, southeast of Florida and Cuba. 3. a. 84,000 square miles. 2,000,000 people. b. The Mississippi serves as a waterway to central and southern states. It is especially important for floating logs, the waterpower turns mills and its scenic value is of much importance. c. 3,088,579 square miles. 92,000,000 people. d. Manufactures — Massachusetts. Corn — Iowa. Cotton — Texas. Mining — Pennsylvania. 4. Germany. . a. Northern Germany is a part of the great lowland of Northern Europe, the southern part is a highland culminating in the Alps Mountains. The land slopes toward the north and northwest. The southern part is drained by the Danube River towards the east. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 97 b. The Rhine flows across western Germany north and northwest. The Elbe flows across central Germany, northwest. c. Hamburg is on the lower Elbe, in northwestern Germany. d. Sugar, textiles. 5. Madrid is on the plateau in central Spain. Naples is on the Bay of Naples, southwestern Italy. Yokohama is in the eastern part of Hondo, on the Tokyo Bay. Kaiser Wilhelm Canal is in northern Germany, connects North Sea and Baltic Sea. Manchester Ship Canal is in western England, connects Manchester with Liverpool. 6. Canada — Grain, metals. Brazil — Coffee, rubber. Australia — Gold, wool. France — Textiles, wine. India — Cotton, jute. 7. 1. Cacti require a hot, dry climate. 2. Sugar cane needs a hot, moist climate. 3. The Horse Latitudes, which are over California at that time, are dry. 4. Wild animals have fur to keep out the cold and to keep the body heat in. 5. The St. Lawrence River runs northeast, because the land slopes that way. GEOGRAPHY, 1910. 1. a. b. Australia. a. There are mountains along the eastern and south- eastern coasts. The western part is a plateau. The interior is an undulating plain. Short rivers flow out on all sides except in the southwest, where the 98 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS coast is very steep. The longest river is in the southeastern part. b. Sydney is on the east central coast of New South Wales. Melbourne is on the southern coast of Victoria. c. Wool, gold, cereals. 3. Wheat — Kansas, Minnesota. Rice — Louisiana, Texas. Gold — Colorado, California. Meat products — Chicago, Kansas City. Woolen goods — Lowell. Agricultural implements — Chicago. 4. Wisconsin — Madison. Illinois — Springfield. Kentucky — Frankfort. Tennessee — Nashville. Mississippi — Jackson. Louisiana — Baton Rouge. Arkansas — Little Rock. Missouri — Jefferson City. Iowa — Des Moines.' Minnesota — St. Paul. 5. Great Britain Minnesota a. Location, Lat. Longitude b. Area c. Population d. Climate. e. Industries. 50 to 60 N. L. 43 y 2 to 49 N. L. 2 E. to 6 W. L. 89 to 97 W. L. 88,000 square 84,000 square miles. miles 40,750,000 2,000,000 Moderate and moist Long, cold winter Short, hot summer Manufacturing Agriculture. Mining Lumbering. Agriculture Mining. Grazing Milling. Fishing Dairying. Commerce. Manufacturing MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 99 b. Jerusalem — Palestine. Hongkong— Island of Hongkong, China. Vladivostock — Siberia. Havre — France. Liverpool — England. Cod — Banks of Newfoundland. Salmon — Columbia River. Herrings — North Sea. Oysters — Chesapeake Bay. Sponges — Mediterranean Sea. Liverpool is northeast of New York, 3,045 miles. Hongkong is southwest of San Francisco, 5,500 miles. Seattle is northwest of New York, 2,500 miles. Latitude, 25 to 49 N. Longitude, 67 to 125 W. Area, 3,000,000 square miles. Population, 92,000,000. GEOGRAPHY, 1st, 1911. 1. South America Europe a. Area 6,750,000 sq. miles. 3,750,000 sq. miles. b. Coastline Regular Irregular. c. Industries Agriculture Grazing Mining Lumbering Commerce Agriculture. Herding. Fishing. Lumbering Mining. Manufacturing. Commerce. Dairying. Flour is transported by rail from Minneapolis, through Chicago to New York. There it is leaded onto steam- 100 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS ships and taken to Liverpool. Manufactured cotton is brought back in exchange. Wheat is transported from Duluth through Great Lakes to Erie Canal, down the Hudson to New York, there loaded onto ocean steamers, taken to Rotterdam. Spices are brought back in exchange. Minnesota California Area 84,000 square miles. 158.000 square miles. Population 2,000,000 2,300,000. Industries Agriculture Agriculture. Lumbering Lumbering. Mining Mining. Milling Fruit-raising. Dairying Manufacturing. Meat Packing Commerce. Manufacturing Commerce Rubber — Amazon Valley, Brazil. Tea — China, southeastern part. Salt— New York, N. Y. Iron — Minnesota, U. S. Mahogany — Central America. Rice — China, southeastern part. Cotton— Texas, U. S. Corn — Iowa, U. S. Coffee — Brazil, southeastern part. Bananas — Central America, Honduras. India, southern Asia— Cotton. Canada, northern North America — Wheat. Australia, southeast of Asia — Wool. Straits Settlements, Malay Peninsula — Tin. Cape Colony, southern Africa — Gold. Republic— United States, France. Limited Monarchy — Japan, Germany. Absolute Monarchy — Afghanistan, Siam MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 101 GEOGRAPHY, 2nd, 1911. a. Fifty miles. The Canal Zone is governed by the Isthmian Canal Commission appointed by the President. It is directly supervised by the Chairman and Chief Engineer of Commission. (This government was used only during the construction of the canal). Manila, 15 N. latitude. San Francisco, 38 N. latitude. Alaska, northwestern North America — Fisheries. Porto Rico, West Indies, southeast of U. S. — Sugar. Wake Island, midway between Hawaiian Islands and Philippines — Coaling station. Philippine Islands, southeast of Asia, north of the equator — Manila hemp. a. 2,000,000 people. b. New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Texas, Massachusetts, Missouri, Michigan, Georgia, New Jersey. c. Hennepin, Ramsey, St. Louis, Stearns, Ottertail. 4. Newfoundland ' Location 50 N. Latitude 55 W Longitude. Climate Cold, moist. Industries Fishing Government Colony of British Empire Java 7 N. Latitude. 110 E. Longitude. Hot, moist. Raise tropical plants. Colony of Holland. Seine flows northwest into the English Channel. Rhine flows north and west into the North Sea. The Pyrenees Mountains separate France from Spain. The Alps separate Italy from Switzerland. 102 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 5. Ganges — Sacred river of India. Llama — Burden-bearing animal of the Andes. Salton Sea — Roosevelt Dam, Arizona. Guano — Fertilizer, obtained in northern Chile. Suez Canal — Connecting Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Fossils — Mammoths found in Siberia from which ivory is obtained. Juan Fernandez — Robinson Crusoe. Pig Iron — Iron Ore from Minnesota, melted and run into bars called "pigs." Cape Town — Seaport of southern Africa. Seal — Fur seal, found near Pribilof Islands. Dardanelles — Strait between the Sea of Marmora and Aegean Sea. Oysters — Chesapeake Bay fisheries. Tunis — Best oil of olives. Standard Time — An arrangement whereby large districts keep the same time, made by common consent, to meet the necessities of large east and west railroad systems. Greenwich — England time is the basis, and the time of each belt is an hour faster than the one next west. Llanos are grass lands along the Oricoco. Bayou — Waterways of southern Mississippi River. Etna — Volcano on Island of Sicily. Tundra — Great swamps along Arctic coasts. Essen — City where Krupp guns are made. Delta — A fan-shaped tract of low swampy land formed by a stream where it flows into a body of water which has little or no current. A delta divides a stream at its mouth into several channels. 6 a. By railroad. 1. St Paul to Chicago, 400 miles. 2. Seattle to San Francisco, 750-800 miles. 3. Chicago to Philadelphia, 700 miles 4. St. Paul to Seattle, 1770 miles. 5. Minneapolis to Duluth, 160 miles. b. Cotton, sugar, naval stores, rice, fruits. MINNESOTA STATE EOARD ANSWERS 103 a. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. b. b, c. Agriculture— Texas and California. Commerce — New York and Pennsylvania. Manufacturing — Massachusetts, New York. Mining — Pennsylvania, Michigan. Fishing — Massachusetts, Washington. New York, New Haven, and Hartford R. R— North- eastern part New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts. Southern Pacific — Southwestern part. Northern Pacific — Northwestern part. Great Northern R. R. — Northwestern part. Erie R. R. — Northeastern part, N. J., N. Y., Pa., Ohio, Ind., 111. Great Britain — Manufacturing and agriculture. Germany — Manufacturing and agriculture. France — Agriculture and manufacturing. Russia — Agriculture and mining. Austria-Hungary — Agriculture and mining. Africa. South America 18° farther south. GEOGRAPHY 1st, 1912. I North America Area 9,500,000 sq. mi. Surface Eastern Highland. Western Highland Great Central Plain Climate. Much diversified Cold belt, warm belt, hot belt. Commerce Extensive Europe 3,750,000 sq. mi. Southern Highland Highland to North- west and North- east. Central Plain. Same, but does not extend into hot belt. Very extensive. 104 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS II. III. IV. V. Gold — Southern Africa. Cocoa— Ecuador, Colombia, South America. Tin — Banca, Billington, East Indies. Bananas — Central America. Copper— Montana, United States. Oranges — California, United States. Coal — Pennsylvania,- United States. Salmon— Columbia River, United States. Wheat — Kansas, Minnesota, United States. Nickel — Ontario, Canada. (a) 10. (b) 10. a Southeastern China. Fertility of the soil. b London on the Thames, southern Eng- land. New York, at the mouth of the Hudson River, N. Y. Paris, on the Seine, in north central France. Tokyo, on Tokyo Bay, eastern Hondo, Japan. Chicago, southern shore of Lake Michi- gan, 111. Cape Colony, southern Africa, diamonds. Portuguese East Africa, southeast Africa, ebony. Belgian Congo, west Africa, ivory. Algeria, northwestern Africa, olive oil. German Southwest Africa, southwest Africa, cattle, meats. VI. a Minnesota California a. location 43% to 49 deg. N. 32 Ms to 42 deg. N. lat., 89 deg. to 97 lat., 114 deg. to 124 deg. W. long. deg. W. long. b. area. 84,000 sq. mi. 158,000 sq. miles. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 105 Minnesota California c. population d. industries. VII. a VIII. IX. 2,000,000 Agriculture Lumbering Mining Dairying Manufacturing Commerce 2,300,000 Agriculture Lumbering Mining Fruit Raising Commerce Victoria, naval station. Vancouver, good harbor, terminus of R. R. Seattle, port for Alaskan trade. Portland, coastwise commerce. San Francisco, Asiatic and Pacific trade. S. America Asia. 1. 2. 1. Amazon River flows east. Parana River flows southeast. Hoangho River flows north- east. 2. Yangtse-kiang River flows east. Himalaya Mountains, between India and China, southern Asia. Alps Mountains in Switzerland, southern Europe. 49th parallel. France, Germany, Austria Hungary. Ecuador, Brazil, Borneo, Sumatra. Alaska — Mining. Australia — Grazing. Brazil — Raising coffee and sugar. Chile — Mining. Cuba: — Raising sugar cane. Dubuque, eastern Iowa. Davenport, eastern Iowa. St. Louis, east central Missouri. Memphis, southwestern Tennessee. Vicksburg, western Mississippi. 106 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS X. . (20) Aden, Gulf of Aden, southwestern Arabia. Antwerp, on the Scheldt, north central Belgium. Barcelona, on the Mediterranean Sea, northeastern Spain. Colon, on Caribbean Sea, northwestern coast of Panama. Canal Zone, west end of Panama Canal. Cape Town, southwestern part of Cape Colony. Africa, on the coast. Genoa, on the Gulf of Genoa, northwestern Italy. Hamburg, near the mouth of Elbe River, north- western Germany. Honolulu, on island of Oahu, southeastern part, Hawaiian Islands. Lyons, on the Rhone River, in eastern France. Moscow, central Russia, on a branch of the Volga River. Peking, northeastern part of China, on the Peiho River. Quito, in northwestern Ecuador, inland. Sitka, on island off Alaskan mainland. Singapore, on an island south of Malay peninsula. Tripoli, in northwestern Tripoli on the Mediter- ranean Sea. GEOGRAPHY, 2nd, 1912. United States Australia a. (4) Loca- tion Western Continent 29 deg. to 49. deg. N. lat. 67 deg. to 125 deg. W. long. Northern Hem- isphere 10 deg. to 40 deg. S. lat. 113 deg. to 153 deg. E. long. Eastern Continent. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 107 United States Australia North America Southern Hem- isphere b. (area) 3,090,000 sq. mi. 2,975,000 sq. mi. c. (surface) Eastern Highland Eastern Highland Western Highland Western Plateau , Great Central Plain Plain in S. W. d. Indus- tries. Agriculture Agriculture Manufacturing Mining Mining Grazing Lumbering Manufacturing Grazing Commerce Pishing Quarrying Commerce e. Distri- bution of pop- ulation Densely populated in northeast. Most densely popu- lated in southeast. Western part is sparsely popu- lated Same 92,000,000 4,455,000 II. London, on the Thames River in south- eastern England. Liverpool, on the Mersey River in western England, Irish Sea. Hamburg, on the lower Elbe River, northwestern Germany. Havre, at the mouth of the Seine River, north central France, English Channel. Marseilles, on the Gulf of Lyon, southern France. 108 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS b Nile River, important as a waterway from interior Africa, also because it deposits the fertile soil by overflowing its banks, flows north. Niger River, important as a waterway from the Sahara, flows south. Kongo River important as a waterway from interior Africa, flows southwest. III. a b c IV. a Brazil, republic. Egypt, constitutional monarchy, con- trolled by Turkey and Great Britain. Russia, limited monarchy. Alaska, territory of United States. France, Republic, b Pensacola, northwestern Florida, naval stores. Mobile, southwestern Alabama, naval stores. New Orleans, southeastern Louisiana, cotton, sugar. Galveston, southeastern Texas, cotton. Vera Cruz, eastern Mexico, cabinet woods, vanilla, chief seaport of Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico. V. a Rubber, Amazon Valley, Brazil. Apples, Washington, Oregon, U. S. Diamonds. Cape Colony, southern Africa. Coral, Florida, southeast U. S. Petroleum, Pennsylvania, northeastern U. S. Zinc, Germany, southern part. Cork, Spain and Portugal, southwest Europe. Platinum, Ural Mountains, Russia. Quick silver, Spain, southwest Europe. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 109 Minnesota Pennsylvania a. Location b. Area c. Population d. Industries 43 1 / £ degrees to 49 degrees N. Lati- tude. 89 deg. to 97 deg. W. Long. North Central U. S. 84,000 sq. miles 2,000,000 Agriculture Lumbering Mining Manufacturing Commerce 40 degrees to 42 de- grees N. L. 75 deg. to 80y 2 W. Long. East Central U. 45,000 sq. miles. 7,600,000 Mining Manufacturing Agriculture Commerce de^ S. VI. Tropic of Cancer, Mexico, Egypt, India. Tropic of Capricorn, Chile, Brazil. Shanghai, sea port on East China Sea, one of the principal trading ports with United States and Japan, it is the Yangtse-kiang. Canton at the mouth of the Pearl River, sea port of Southeastern China, because of productive hinterland. Hongkong, on the island of Hongkong, at the mouth of the Pearl River, is an im- portant sea port belonging to Great, Britain. Its vessel tonnage is larger than that of London, per year. Yokohama, in eastern part of Hondo, on bay of Tokyo, is chief sea port of Japan. Bombay, west of India, an island in Ara- bian Sea, has one of the best harbors in the world, it is the chief commercial city of India. 110 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS VII. a. Duluth, Lake Superior, Soo Canal, "Lake Huron, St. Clair River, St. Clair Lake, De- troit River, Lake Erie, to Buffalo. Iron Ore. Manufactured articles. b. Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Canada, Maine, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Roumania, Russia, Turkestan, Chinese Re- public, Siberia, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, between Montana and Wyoming, South Dakota. VIM. a. Grizzly Bears Rocky mountains Moose Northern Canada Lions / Central Africa Elephants Central Africa, India Tigers Jungles of India b China changed to a republic. Dissatisfaction with Manchurian dynasty and monarchial form of government. Portugal changed to a republic. Dissatis- faction with monarchy. GEOGRAPHY, 1st, 1913. a b Hoang-ho River flows northeast; it offers transportation facilities into the interior of China. Yangtse-kiang flows east and northeast; it is navigable for many miles and flows through a productive region. Brahmaputra flows southwest; it is nav- igable and flows through fertile country. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 111 II, South America Africa (a) (b) (c) (d) III. sq. 11,512,000 sq. mi. Highland Plateau in central part. Plains to the northeast and along coast. Wheat, rice, cotton, dates, figs, rubber, millet, ivory, gold, diamonds, copper, tin, coal. Agriculture, grazing, mining, lumbering, hunting. Area— 6,856,000 mi. Surface — Highland in the east, north- east, and along the west coast. Plain, central part, and in the southeast. Products — M eats, hides, wheat, sugar, coffee, spices, rub- ber, cocoa, cabinet woods, nitrates, cop- per, silver, coal, dia- monds, drugs, trop- ical fruits. Industries — Agricul- ture, cattle grazing, mining, lumbering. (a) The Alps affect the products and climate of Italy, because they protect Italy from the cold north and northwest winds. The Sierra Nevada mountains affect the climate and products of Nevada, Utah, and Arizona, because the mountains cause the winds to drop their moisture in California and descend as dry winds. (b) Irrigation is watering the land by means of ditches led from some reservoir or lake. Colorado has been irrigated so that grain, vegetables, and alfalfa can be raised where once there was a desert. Land around Los Angeles, California, which was almost a desert, now supports flourishing groves of fruit, because of irrigation. 112 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS IV. Oriental rugs — Persia, Teheran. Diamonds — South Africa, Kimberly. Pineapples — Florida. Nickel — Missouri. Coffee — Brazil. Barley — Russia. Copper — Michigan. Sulphur — Italy. Dates — Arabia. Tin — Banca, Billington, East Indies. Rice — India. Oranges — Florida. (b) Minnesota Washington (a) Location — N orth Central United States (b) Area — 84,000 sq. mi. (c) Products — Wheat, flour, lumber, iron, fruits, dairy prod- ucts, paper. (d) Population — 2.000,000 (e) Industries — Agricul- ture, lumbering, min- ing, quarrying, dai- rying, stock-raising, manufacturing, com- merce. Northwestern United States. 69,000 sq. mi. Wheat, flour, lumber, coal, fruits, furniture, salmon. 615,000. Agriculture, lumbering, min- ing, fruit-raising, manufac- turing, fishing, commerce. V. Rio de Janeiro is farther east than Philadelphia. Panama is farther east than Colon. London is farther east than Lisbon. Seattle is farther east than Sitka. Valparaiso is farther east than Mexico City. Paris is farther north than New York. St. Paul is farther north than Boston. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 113 Spokane is farther north than Hongkong. Berlin is farther north than Montreal. San Francisco is farther north than Honolulu. VI. Omit. V||. Fez — Northern Morocco. Archangel — On White Sea, northern Russia. Kobe — Southwestern Hondo, Japan. Vladivostok — Eastern Siberia on Japan Sea. Havre— North Central France, at mouth of Seine River. Bahia — Eastern coast of Brazil. Odessa— Southwestern Russia on the Black Sea. Zurich — North Central Switzerland. Cayenne — French Guiana, S. A. Gloucester— Eastern coast of Massachusetts. Budapest— Central Hungary, on the Danube River. Irkutsk— On Lake Baikal in southeastern Siberia. Cardiff— Southeastern part of Wales on the Bris- tol Channel. Sucre— Southwestern part of Bolivia. Greenwich— On the Thames near London. Leipzig— Central Germany. Potosi— Southwestern part of Bolivia. Trieste— Western Austria-Hungary on the Adri- atic Sea. Saloniki— Southern Turkey on the Aegean Sea. I. GEOGRAPHY, 2nd Examination, 1913. II Chagres is a river in the Panama Canal Zone. Tasmania is an island south of eastern Australia. Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria. Zambesi is a river in southeastern Africa. 114 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS Popocateptl is an extinct volcano in Mexico. Teheran is the capital of Persia. Kimberly is a city in southern Africa. Astoria is a city in Portland on the lower Colum- bia River. Budapest is the capital of Hungary on the Danube. Bagdad is a city in Asiatic Turkey on the Tigris River. 1 1 1, a France — President Poincare. Greece — King Constantine I. b. Minneapolis — Flour — Liverpool. New Orleans — Cotton — Manchester. San Francisco — Wheat — Manila. Paris — Silk — London. Rio de Janeiro — Coffee — New York. IV. V. Caste — Division of society in India. Tiber— River on which Rome is situated. Reef — Barrier of rocks of coral formation. Pribilof — islands off coast of Alaska. Bayou — Swampy places formed during low water along lower outer edges of flood plain. Ranier — mountain in Washington. Alamo — a Franciscan mission which was built where San Antonio, Texas, now is. Pompeii — Ancient city built by Vesuvius. Jetties-— are artificial banks built along the Mis- sissippi near its mouth. Yukon — river in Alaska. Equinox — 22d of September or 21st of March — date when days and nights are of equal length everywhere. Bosporus — strait connecting Black Sea and Sea of Marmora. Glacier — a sheet of slowly moving ice. Steppes — Grassy plains around the Caspian Sea. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 115 Peat — Decomposed vegetable matter, used as fuel. Kremlin — an old fortress in Moscow. Oasis — a fertile place in a desert. Jungfrau — mountain in Switzerland. Ameer — ruler of Afghanistan. Atoll — island formed by coral. VI. (a) Grape fruit — Florida. Salmon — Columbia River. Spices — East Indies. Rubber — Amazon River Valley. Ivory — Kongo River Valley. Illuminating oil — Pennsylvania. Dates — Algeria. Hemp — Manila — Philippine Island. Cocoanuts — Philippine Island. Dairy Products— Holland, (b) 1— Cutlery— Sheffield, England. 2 — Cotton Goods — Manchester, England. 3 — Binding Twine— Stillwater, Minnesota. 4 — Firearms — Essen, Germany. 5 — Silks — Lyons, France. 6 — Harvesting Machinery — Springfield, Illinois. 7 — Olive Oil — Valencia, Spain. 8 — Sugar — Brooklyn, New York. 9 — Wines — Bordeaux, France. 10 — Silverware — Meriden, Connecticut. VII. (a) Quebec — Southeastern Canada. Ontario — West of Quebec— southeastern Canada. British Columbia — southwestern Canada. (b) Quebec — Quebec. Ontario — Toronto. British Columbia — Victoria. (c) Quebec — Agriculture. Ontario— Agriculture. British Columbia — mining. (d) Governor General — Appointed by King. President — Elected by people. Two houses— same as United States. 116 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS (e) India — Delhi — Asia. British. Guiana — Georgetown — Northeastern South America. Cape Colony — Cape-town — Southern Africa. GEOGRAPHY, March, 1914. 1. a. Omitted, b. Omitted. 2. 1. Wheat is produced in Minnesota, Kansas, North Da- kota, Nebraska and Illinois. 2. Corn is produced in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Texas and Indiana. 3. Cotton is produced in Texas, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina and Alabama. 4. Sugar is produced in Louisiana and Colorado. 5. Hay is produced in Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Missouri and Indiana. 3. 1. Coal is produced in Pennsylvania, Illinois, West Vir- ginia, Ohio, and Alabama. 2. Iron is produced in Minnesota, Michigan, Alabama, New York. 3. Gold is produced in Colorado, California and Nevada. 4. Silver is produced in Colorado, Montana, Utah and Idaho. 5. Copper is produced in Montana, Utah, California, Oregon and Colorado. 4/ 1. Iron manufacturing is done in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illi- nois and New Jersey. 2. Textile fabrics are produced in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York and Rhode Island. 3. Lumber is produced in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michi- gan and on the Pacific coast. 4. Iron and textile fabrics are manufactured in Georgia and Alabama. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 117 5. Tobacco is manufactured in Virginia and the other states adjacent. Flour and wheat products are manufactured in the north central states. 5. 1. Great Britain, mining. 2. Germany, Agriculture — Beet Sugar. 3. France, Agriculture — Grape Culture. 4. Italy, Grape Culture. 5. Russia, Wheat Production. 6. 1. London is on the Thames River in the southern part of England. 2. Berlin is on the Spree River in central Germany. 3. Paris is on the Seine River in the northeastern part of France. 4. Rome is on the Tiber River in western Italy. 5. St. Petersburg is on the Gulf of Finland. 7. 1. New Foundland — Great Britain. 2. Cuba — Independent. 3. Iceland — Independent. 4. Luzon — United States. 5.„ Sumatra — Holland. 8. a. India — Diversified from plain to mountain as to surface. From hot to temperate as to climate. b. Ganges, Indus. c. Bombay is on the western coast on the Arabian Sea. Calcutta near the mouth of the Ganges. d. Cotton, Wheat. 9. 1. Adrianople, an important city of Turkey, on the River Hebrus. 2. Mount Everest, the highest mountain peak in the world. 3. Dunes — Sand banks found along the shores of Lake Michigan, the southeastern coast of the United States and the coasts of Holland. 4. Sirocco — A hot wind blowing from Africa over the adjacent European countries. 118 MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 5. Textiles — Woven Fabrics. 6. Pulp, the mass from which paper is rolled. 7. Gatum — A dam in the Panama Canal. 8. Sitka, the former capitol of Alaska. 9. Vera Cruz, city of Mexico, seized by the United States in recent Mexican .Difficulty. GEOGRAPHY, May, 1914. a Omitted, b Omitted. 2. a Bombay — The only Indian city that has a natural harbor. Mont Blanc — The highest peak of the Alps Mountains. Gibraltar — A high promontory at the western en- trance to the Mediterranean sea. Belfast — Large linen factories are located there. Borneo — A Dutch Colony in the East Indies, and one of the largest islands in the world. Hong Kong — A city and an island commanding the approach to Canton; they belong to Great Britain. Vera Cruz — A city of Mexico, seized by the United States in the late difficulty with Mexico. Christiana — The principal seaport, for southern Nor- way. Sicily — An island belonging to Italy, southwest of the mainland. Baikal — The largest fresh water lake on the east- ern continent. Smyrna — The most important seaport of Turkey. Zambesi— The Victoria falls are in the Zambesi river near the central part of South Africa, b Lake Titicaca lies partly in Bolivia and partly iri Peru near the middle of the western boundary of Bolivia. MINNESOTA STATE BOARD ANSWERS 119 Manila, in the southern part of the island of Luzon. Mt. Everett — In the Himalaya mountains in the south- western part of the Chinese Empire. The Danube has its source in southwestern Ger- many, flows through central Austria-Hungary, on the boundary line between Austria-Hungary and Servia, Roumania and Servia, and Roumania and Bulgaria, into the Black Sea. Melbourne on the east side of the south coast; Syd- ney on the south part of the east coast. 3. Omitted. 4. a See 2, March, 1914. b Farm machinery, Milwaukee, Wis., and Cleveland, O. Cotton goods, Manchester, N. H., Atlanta, Georgia. Woolen goods, Fall River, Mass., Lewiston, Maine. Silk, Paterson, New Jersey. Boots and shoes, Binghampton, New York. 5. a Germany: Berlin. Dresden — Hamburg. 60,000,000. Monarchy. Rhine and Danube. Manufacture of textile fabrics, spirituous liquors, and beet sugar. France — Paris. Havre and Marseilles. 40 million. Republic. Seine and Rhone. Silk manufacture, manufacture of liquors, grazing, b It might carry silks, machinery, linen, liquors, woolen and cotton goods. It might carry in return, dyewoods, vanilla, rubber, coffee and cattle.