A STUDY OF THE GENUS LATHYRUS 
 
 The Genus Lathyrus 
 
 The Sweet Pea in Botany and Horticulture 
 I Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 
 Winter Flowering Sweet Peas 
 
 A THESIS 
 
 Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate SchooIv 
 OF Cornell University for the degree of 
 
 DOCTOR OF PHIIvOSOPHY 
 
 BY 
 
 ALVIN CASEY BEAL, B.S., M.S.A. 
 
 [Published as Bulletins 319, 320 and 342 of the Agricultural Experiment Station 
 of the College of Agriculture of Cornell University.} 
 
A STUDY OF THE GENUS LATHYRUS 
 
 The Genus Lathyrus 
 
 The Sweet Pea in Botany and Horticulture 
 Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 
 Winter Flowering Sweet Peas 
 
 A THESIS 
 
 Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School 
 OF Cornell University for the degree of 
 
 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 BY 
 
 ALVIN CASEY BEAL, B.S., M.S.A. 
 
 [Published as Bulletins 319, 320 and 342 of the Agricultural Experiment Station 
 of the College of Agriculture of Cornell University.] 
 
<v 
 
 
 m ft>^' 
 
 4W »9 Au ^ 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This study was begun in the autumn of 1909. It has been carried 
 on continuously under glass during two winters, and outdoors in the 
 summer of 19 10. A collection of the obtainable species of Lathyrus, as 
 well as a very extensive collection of the varieties of sweet peas, was grown 
 at Ithaca. In addition to the above the writer was enabled to study the 
 exhibits of outdoor-grown sweet peas at the annual exhibition of the 
 National Sweet Pea Society at New York in July, 19 10, and of the winter- 
 flowering varieties at Boston in March, 1 9 1 1 . 
 
 The investigation was begun with a view of studying the various species 
 of Lathyrus for the purpose of monographing them, and particularly of 
 detennining their value as ornamental plants. The studies on sweet peas 
 included the evolution of the flower, as well as the preparation of careful 
 descriptions and the detection and elimination of synonyms among pres- 
 ent-day varieties. The descriptions of the garden varieties will appear 
 in a later publication; those of winter-flowering varieties are included in 
 Bulletin 3 1 9 of this station. 
 
 The author wishes to extend his thanks and grateful acknowledgments 
 to Professor John Craig, who has given great encouragement, kindly 
 advice, and all possible facilities for carrying on the investigation; to the 
 National Sweet Pea Society for their cooperation in the variety tests; 
 to the United States Department of Agriculture for seeds of species of 
 Lathyrus; and to the seedsmen of the United States and Great Britain 
 who contributed seeds for the trials. Among the latter, mention should 
 be made of the assistance rendered by Messrs. C. C. Morse & Co. in 
 contributing a collection of seventy-two varieties, representing various 
 types and old or obsolete varieties, for the study on the evolution of the 
 sweet pea. 
 
 659 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Part I. The genus Lathyrus 66 1 
 
 Botany of the genus 66 1 
 
 Artificial key to the species of Lathyrus 663 
 
 Descriptions of the species 667 
 
 History of the cultivated lathyrus 673 
 
 Descriptions of cultivated species 674 
 
 Part II. The sweet ])ea in botany and in horticulture 678 
 
 History of the sweet pea 678 
 
 Botanical history 678 
 
 British horticultural history 6S4 
 
 American horticultural history 691 
 
 Evolution 693 
 
 Pollination 695 
 
 Dwarf sweet peas 697 
 
 Varieties of cupid sweet peas 698 
 
 Unpopularity of the type 699 
 
 Garden culture of the sweet pea 700 
 
 The soil 700 
 
 The seed 701 
 
 Planting 702 
 
 Supports 706 
 
 Cultivation 709 
 
 Summary 710 
 
 Insects and diseases 710 
 
 Insects 710 
 
 Diseases 711 
 
 Exhibiting sweet peas 711 
 
 660 
 
SWEET PEA STUDIES — III 
 CULTURE OF THE SWEET PEA 
 
 Alvin C. Beal 
 PART I. THE GENUS LATHYRUS 
 
 BOTANY OF THE GENUS 
 
 The genus Lathyrus (a name used by Theophrastus for some leguminous 
 plant) belongs to the important family Leguminosae, which embraces 
 three suborders, eighteen tribes, and one hundred and twenty-seven 
 genera of plants cultivated in North America. The suborder Papilioneae 
 is distinguished from the suborder Mimoseae in having irregular or 
 zygomorphic flowers, and from the suborder Caesalpineae in having 
 papilionaceous flowers — that is, the standard outside the other petals, and 
 enclosing them in the bud. 
 
 Among the most important genera that contain ornamental plants are 
 Thermopsis, Lupinus, Laburnum, Genista, Cytisus, Cladrastis, Hedysarum, 
 Lespedeza, Lotus, Dolichos, Pueraria, Erythrina, Apios, Centrosema, 
 Wisteria, Rohinia, Clianthus, Swainsona, Caragana, and Glycyrrhiza. 
 Then there are the genera of economic importance, Arachis, Onobrychis, 
 Desmodium, Vicia, Pisum, Lens, Phaseolus, Vigna, Mucuna, Glycine, 
 Trifolium, Medicago, Melilotus, and Indigofera. 
 
 The plants of the tribe Vicia, which includes the genera Abrus, 
 Lens, Vicia, Pisum, and Lathyrus, are typically climbing herbs, with 
 evenly pinnate leaves, which raise themselves by m^eans of tendrils 
 at the tips of the petioles. The varieties of Phaseolus, the other tribe 
 of typically climbing herbaceous plants, have twining stems and three 
 leaflets. 
 
 Abrus diflfers from the other genera of this tribe in having woody stems, 
 and nine stamens instead of ten. Lens (lentil) has flowers with the wings 
 adherent to the keel. Vicia (vetch), Pisum (pea), and Lathyrus are 
 closely allied and somewhat difficult to distinguish. Vicia is usually 
 known by the sheath of the stamens being oblique at the mouth, and the 
 style being slender and bearded at the apex or only around the upper 
 part ; Pisum and Lathyrus have the stamen sheath even at the mouth, but 
 are distinct from each other in that in Pisum the calyx lobes are leafy 
 
 66 1 
 
662 Bulletin 320 
 
 and the style is flattened laterally and bearded down the inner edge, 
 while in Laihyriis the style is flattened on the back and front and is 
 bearded down one face. 
 
 The flowers of Lathyriis are solitary or racemose, on long, axillary 
 peduncles. The calyx is oblique, campanulate, five-parted, the teeth 
 nearly equal or the upper two shorter than the lower. The corolla con- 
 sists of five parts. The upjjcr, or odd, petal, known as the vexillum, or 
 standard, is larger than the others and encloses them in the l^ud. There 
 is a notch at the apex and ordinarily a short claw. The form is broadly 
 obovate or roundish and the jjetal is usually turned backward or si)reading. 
 The colors are dark blue or ]Au-plc, \-iolct, rose, white, or yellow. The 
 two lateral petals, or wings, arc falcate, obovate, or oblong, oblique and 
 exterior to the lower two, which arc shorter, incurved, conni\-ent, and 
 more or less coherent along their anterior edge, fomiing the keel, or carina. 
 The keel encloses the stamens and pistil. 
 
 The stamens are diadclphous (9 and i), or monodelphous below. The 
 style is curved, sometimes twisted, flattened, hairy along the inner side 
 (next the free stamen) ; ovary sessile, or stalked with numerous ovules, 
 becoming a one-celled pod. This is flat or terete, dehiscent, two-valved, 
 continuous between seeds. 
 
 The seeds arc globose or angular, with a hard, smooth testa. The 
 radicle is curved inward. The cotyledons are accumbent. 
 
 The plants are herbaceous vines, rarely erect herbs, with pinnate, 
 mostly tendril-bearing leaves. The old genus Orobits, which originally 
 was created to include all the erect forms without tendrils, has since been 
 included in the genus Lathyrus by Bentham and Hooker and by later 
 botanists. 
 
 Species of Lathyrus are found in Europe, Asia, northern Africa, Sicily, 
 and North and South America. 
 
 The genus is generally divided into two sections: 
 
 1. Eulathyrus (from eu, well, and lathyrus; genuine species). Vexillum 
 
 toothless at the base. Leaves opposite or wanting. Petioles 
 narrow-winged. 
 
 2. Clymenum (dymenos, clear). Vexillum furnished with a conical 
 
 gibbosity on each side at the base. Lower petioles leafless; upj^er 
 ones bearing two to six usually alternate leaflets. Petioles usually 
 winged. 
 
 Horticulturally the species may be di\4ded into perennial and annual 
 species. The following classification of the species is based in part on the 
 artificial key to the American species, published by Theodore G. White 
 in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. XXI, 1S94: 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 663 
 
 Artificial key to the species of Lathyrus 
 
 I. Habit climbing, leaves tendril-bearing. 
 A. Eulathyrus. 
 B. Annuals. 
 
 C. Petioles leafless. . 
 L. aphaca L. 
 L. Nissolia L. 
 CC. Leaflets one pair. 
 D. Stems wingless. 
 L. pusillus Ell. 
 L. subulatus Lam. 
 L. inconspicuus L. 
 L. sphaerictis Retz. 
 L. micranthns Gerard. 
 L. angulatus L. 
 L. leptophyllus Bieb. 
 L. setifolius L. 
 L. hirtiis Lam. 
 DD. Stems winged. 
 L. sativus L. 
 L. etc era L. 
 L. hirsutus L. 
 L. annuus L. 
 L. odoratus L. 
 L. Tingitaniis L. 
 CCC. Leaflets 2-3 pairs. 
 
 L. clymenoides DC. 
 L. cirrhosus DC. 
 L. turgidus Lam. 
 L. purpureus Presl. 
 L. ciliatus Guss. 
 BB. Perennials. 
 
 C. Leaflets one pair. 
 D. Stipiiles narrow. 
 E. Stems wingless. 
 L. pratensis L. 
 L. tuber osus L. 
 L. sessilijolius Tenore. 
 L. roseus Stev. 
 L. tomentosus Lam. 
 L. sericeus Lam. 
 
664 Bulletin 320 
 
 I. Habit climbing, leaves tendril-bearing — {Continued). 
 EE. Stems winged. 
 
 L. sylvestris L. 
 L. pubescens Hook. 
 L. grandiflorus Sims. 
 L. rotundifolius Willd. 
 L. undidatus Boiss. 
 DD. Stiijules broad. 
 
 E. Stems wingless. 
 
 L. Magellanicus Lam. 
 L. nervosus Lam. 
 EE. Stems winged. 
 
 L. latifolius L. 
 CC. Leaflets more than one pair. 
 D. Stems winged. 
 L. palustris L. 
 L. Watsoni White. 
 L. Jepsoni Greene. 
 L. heterophyllus L. 
 DD. Stems wingless. 
 
 E. Plant glabrous. 
 F. Stipules large. 
 
 G. Leaflets 2-5 (mostly 3) pairs. 
 L. ochroleuctis Hook. 
 L. myrtifoliiis MuW. 
 L. paucifiorus Fernald. 
 L. parviflorns S. Watson. 
 L. pisiformis L. 
 L. Bolanderii S. Watson. 
 GG. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. 
 
 L. sidphureiis Brew. 
 L. Alefcldii White. 
 L. polyphyUus Nutt. 
 L. maritiynus Bigel. 
 L. vestitus Nutt. 
 FF. Stipules narrow. 
 
 L. laetiflorus Greene. 
 L. splendcns Kellogg. 
 L. decaphyllus Pursh. 
 L. violaceus Greene. 
 L. coriaccus Wliite. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 665 
 
 I. Habit climbing, leaves tendril-bearing — (Continued). 
 FF. Stipules narrow — (Continued) . 
 L. venosus Muhl. 
 L. Ion gi pes White. 
 L. graminifolius White. 
 L. Macraei Hook. 
 EE. Plant densely silky villous all over. 
 L. litoralis. 
 AA. Clymenimi. 
 
 L. difusus. 
 L. clymenum L. 
 L. articulatus L. 
 
 n. Plant erect or nearly so, tendrils wanting or much reduced. (Orobus.) 
 A. Peduncles 2 -several-flowered. 
 B. Flowers white or yellowish. 
 L. montanus Bernh. 
 L. Arizonicus Britton. 
 L. Cusickii S. Watson. 
 L. obovatus Torr. 
 L. rigidus White. 
 BB. Flowers purple. 
 
 C. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. 
 L. ornatus Nutt. 
 L. Nuttallii S. Watson. 
 L. niger Bernh. 
 L. Oregonensis White. 
 L. vernus Bernh. 
 CC. Leaflets 1-2 pairs. 
 
 L. bijugatus White. 
 AA. Peduncles i -flowered. 
 L. Torreyi A. Gray. 
 
 Previous to White's monograph only two attempts had been made 
 to enumerate the species of the genus. The first was by Alefield (Bon- 
 plandia, June, i860), who placed all the American species in the genus 
 Orobus; the second attempt was by Watson (Amer. Jour. Sci., Feb., 1876), 
 who enumerated thirteen species. * 
 
 * Mention should be made of the more recent monographs on the genus Lalhyriis, namely: 
 Uber einige Orobus-Arten und ihre geographische Verbreitung. Series I Lutei. Ein Beitrag 
 
 zur Systematik der Viceen. Von Dr. Karl Fritsch. Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. (Vienna), Math. Naturw. 
 
 Kl. CIV Band (1895)- 
 
 tJber einige Lathyrus-Arten aus der Section Eulathyrus und ihre geographische Verbreitung. 
 
 August Ginzberger. Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. (Vienna), Math. Naturw. Kl. CV Band (1896), pp. 281- 
 
 353i plates and maps. 
 
666 Bulletin 320 
 
 Some one hundred and thirty other species, which arc considered good 
 by the Index Kewensis but not included in the writer's classification, 
 are as follows: 
 
 Acuttis, Alberjilla, albus, Algeridus, Allardii, alpestris, altaicus, amoenus, 
 aphyllus, Artneneus, asphodeloides, astrophia, aurantius, hijugus, blephari- 
 carpus, brachydon, brachyptenis, Brownii, campestris, canescens, cassius, 
 chloranthus, cicerella, cicenda, cinctus, coerulescens, colchicus, crassipes, 
 cryophilus, cyaneus, Davidii, debilis, dicirrhus, dielsianus, Dinklagei, 
 diver sifolius, Dnunmondii, dumetorum, ecirrhosus, elegans, Emodi, Engel- 
 manni, epetiolaris, erectiis, Ewaldii, filiformis, fissus, Jruitescens, Gold- 
 steinae, Gorgoni, gracilis, graciUimtts, Craphiosa, helodes, hierosolymitanus , 
 hygrophyllus, incurvus, intricatus, italicus, kilamandschariais , laetifolius, 
 laevigatus, lanceolatus , lancifolins, Layardii, Ledebounii, leiicanthns, Libani, 
 linearifolius, lusitanicus , luteus, lycius, macrorrhizus, niagnifiorns, malo- 
 samts, marmoratus, Messerschmidtii, Mexicamis, microphyllus , miniatus, 
 mollis, Midkak, multiceps, midtiflorus , mutabilus, nervatus, neurolobus, 
 nitens, Numidicits, occidentalis, ochraceus, ovalifolius, pallescens, pan- 
 noniciis, parisiensis, Parreiszii, pentaphyllus , pisaster, platystylis, poly- 
 anthos, pseudo-aphaca, pterocatdos, puberulus, pnrpureo-coendeus, quadri- 
 niarginatus, Sanbergii, Schniiperii, setiger, Shaffneri, sinensis, spatlmlatus, 
 spatulima, speciosus, spectabilis, stenobolus, stenophyllus, stipidaris, strictus, 
 siibandiniis, subrotiindus, Szowitsii, Tanakee, tetrapterus, trachycarpus, 
 trachyspermus, trichocalyx, Utahensis, variabilis, varius, venetus, villosus, 
 vinealis, and Volckmanni. 
 
 The Encyclopedia of American Horticulture describes sixteen species 
 in the American trade. These are: odoratiis, Tingitanus, grandijlorus, 
 sylvestris, rotundijolius, undulatus, latijolius, Magellanicus, palitstris, 
 maritimus, venosus, splendens, montanus, polymorphus, niger, and vernus. 
 
 The writer has been unable to find maritimus, undidatus, palustris, 
 splendens, inontanus, rotund if alius, polymorphus, grandijlorus, and venosus 
 in the present-day lists. 
 
 Through the courtesy of Professor A. V. Piper, there has been received 
 at this station the following reputed species from the United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture: L. cicera, L. sativus, L. sativus azureus, L. sativus 
 coccineus, L. sylvestris, L. sp. (India), L. Tingitanus, L. ochrus, L. praten- 
 sis, L. nervosus, L. sp., and L. sp. (not named). 
 
 The following s]5ecics and varieties were received from dealers in seeds 
 and plants: 
 
 Lathyrus latijolius, Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia 
 Lathyrus latijolius albus, Henry A. Dreer 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 667 
 
 Lathy rus latifolius White Pearl, Henry A. Dreer 
 
 Lathyrus latijolms Delicata, Peter Henderson, New York 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius roseiis, A. T. Boddington, New York 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius Pink Beauty, A. T. Boddington 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius albus, A. T. Boddington 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius White, J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius Pink Beauty, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius splendens, R. & J. Farquhar, Boston 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius Giant White, R. & J. Farquhar 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius Perennial Pea, Red, James Vick's Sons, Rochester 
 
 Lathyrtis latifolius Perennial Pea, Rose, James Vick's Sons 
 
 Lathyrus latifolius Perennial Pea, White, James Vick's Sons 
 
 Lathyrus sylvestris, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 
 
 Lathyrus pubescens, A. T. Boddington 
 
 Lathyrus grandiflorus, Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester 
 
 Lathyrus Lord Anson's Blue, A. T. Boddington 
 
 Lathyrus Lord Anson's Blue, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 
 
 Lathyrus Lord Anson's White, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 
 
 Orohus niger, J. ]\L Thorburn & Co. 
 
 Orobus lathyroides, J. M. Thorburn & Co. 
 
 Orobus albus roseus, Henry A. Dreer 
 
 Orobus superbus, Henry A. Dreer 
 
 Orobus vernus, Henry A. Dreer 
 
 Orobus vernus, R. & J. Farquhar 
 
 Only a few of the above, mostly annual species, flowered the first year. 
 
 Descriptions of the species 
 LATHYRUS SATIVUS L. 
 
 Annual 
 
 Stems branching, smooth, winged, 2 feet high; leaflets linear-oblong; 
 tendrils trifid; stipules semisagittate-ovate, ciliated, not so long as 
 the petioles; peduncles i-flowered, longer than the petioles (1^-2 inches 
 long), bracteolate and articulate at the apex; calyx lobes lanceolate, 
 fcliaceous, almost three times length of tube; legumes ovate, short, broad, 
 irregularly reticulated, winged on the back; seeds trigonal, smooth, trun- 
 cate. Native of Spain, France, and Italy. Flowers blue, sometimes 
 white, f-i inch in diameter. L. sativus, L. sativus azureus, and L. sativus 
 coccineus were found at this station to be a mixture of white and blue 
 forms. 
 
668 
 
 Bulletin 320 
 
 Fir,. 178. — Lathyriis sativus L. 
 
 LATHYRUS CICERA L. 
 
 Stems smooth, 2 feet high, branching, winged; leaflets linear; tendrils 
 branched; stipules semisagittate, narrow, much shorter than the petioles; 
 peduncles 1-2-flowercd, length of the leaves; bracteoles small; calyx 
 segments lanceolate, nearly three times length of tube; legumes oblong, 
 irregularly channeled on the back, not winged; seeds trigonal, truncate, 
 smooth. Native of Spain. Flowers ])urple or red, variable. 
 
 LATHYRUS HIRSUTUS L. 
 
 Stems winged, 2 fcCt high; leaflets linear-lanceolate, 3-ner\'ed; stipules 
 semisagittate, linear, about equal the petiole in length; peduncles usually 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 
 
 669 
 
 2 -flowered; calyx hairy, segments ovate-acuminate, length of tube; legumes 
 oblong, hairy; seeds globular, warted. Native of southern Europe, in 
 
 Fig. 179. — Lathyrus hirsutus L. 
 
 grainfields. Flowers with a bright crimson standard, pale blue wings 
 and white keel. 
 
670 
 
 Bulletin 320 
 
 Fig. iHo.—Lulliyrus Tinoitanus L. Tangier scarlet pea 
 
 LATHYRUS TINGITANUS L. 
 
 Stems spreadiiiK-wingcd. quite glabrous, 3 feet long; leaflets linear- 
 lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate; stipules lanceolate, much shorter than. 
 
Ph 
 
 pq 
 
 &^ 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 671 
 
 the petioles; peduncles 2 -flowered, longer than the leaves; calyx teeth 
 nearly equal; legumes linear, 4-5 inches long, much reticulated, compressed, 
 sutures thick; seeds not angular. Native of the west Mediterranean 
 region at Tangier. Flowers i inch long, dark red-purple : standard large, 
 purple ; wings and keel bright red. 
 
 LATHYRUS ODORATUS L. 
 
 Stems rough-hairy, winged oval or oblong, mucronate; stipules lan- 
 ceolate, much shorter than the petioles; peduncle 2-4-flowered, much 
 longer than the leaves; calyx teeth broad, longer than the tube; legumes 
 compressed, linear, 1-3 inches, hairy; seeds round, sometimes angled, 
 black, white, or mottled. Native of Sicily. Flowers large, showy, in 
 shades of blue, red, yellow, and white. Standard large-expanded, hooded 
 or wavy. 
 
 LATHYRUS OCHRUS DC. 
 
 Stems 4-angled, winged; petioles winged, lower ones leafless, upper 
 ones with two leaflets; leaves glaucous; lower stipules wanting, upper 
 ones ovate; peduncle i -flowered; calyx teeth unequal, superior lobes 
 shortest, length of tube; legumes with membranous wings, few-seeded; 
 seeds globular. Native of southern Europe. Flowers pale yellow. 
 
 LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS L. 
 Perennial 
 
 Stems straggling, 3-5 feet, stout, winged, glabrous, with creeping 
 rootstocks; petioles winged, with one pair of linear-lanceolate leaflets; 
 stipules narrow; peduncles 3-6-flowered, equaling the leaves; legumes 
 compressed, reticulated, lanceolate, 2-3 inches long; seeds round, dotted. 
 Native of Europe, in woods and hedges. Flower with one-half-inch-long 
 standard: standard rose, with a green spot on the back; wings purple 
 at the tips; keel greenish. 
 
 LATHYRUS PUBESCENS HOOK. 
 
 A soft, hairy, diffuse-branching herb; stems 3-5 feet high; stems, 
 branches, and peduncles 4-angled, the angles forming stout ribs; petioles 
 with one pair, rarely two pairs, of leaflets, sessile, 1-2^ inches long, oblong- 
 lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, dark green, strongly ribbed beneath; stipules 
 variable in size and form; peduncle longer than the leaves, many-flowered 
 in lax or dense racemes; calyx tube broadly campanulate, upper teeth 
 shorter; legumes linear, 2-2 1 inches long, hairy, flat; seeds very small, 
 ellipsoid. Native of South America, from Bolivia and southern Brazil 
 to the Straits of Magellan. Flower variable in size, sometimes ij inch 
 broad, violet-blue: standard round, notched at the tip, margins recurved, 
 
672 
 
 Bulletin 320 
 
 violet-blue; wings broad, spreading, pale lilac dorsally, nearly white in 
 front; keel petals falcately curved, with red tips. 
 
 Fig. 181. — Lalhvnis ochrus DC. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 673 
 
 LATHYRUS MAGELLANICUS LAM. 
 
 Seeds of this species were received from two American seedsmen, but 
 they proved to be the annual species, Lathyrus sativus L. The Cyclopedia 
 of American Horticulture describes this species as follows: " Stem 3-5 
 feet long, smooth, angled, somewhat branched; leaflets ovate or oblong- 
 linear; tendrils branched; stioules cordate-sagittate, broad; peduncles 
 long, 3-4-fiowered ; flowers dark purple-blue. June, July. Straits of 
 
 Magellan A strong-growing, woody, almost evergreen species 
 
 covered with a bluish bloom Var. albus Hort. ... is the 
 
 white form." 
 
 LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L. 
 
 Stems winged, 4-8 feet, glabrous; leaflets one pair, ovate-lanceolate, 
 rather glaucous, mucronate, 2-3 inches long; tendrils branching; stipules 
 broad ovate; peduncles many-flowered, longer than the leaves; legumes 
 long, flat, reticulated lengthwise, 4-5 inches long; seeds roundish, smooth. 
 Native of Europe, in woods. Flowers large, rose-colored, but horti- 
 cultural varieties occur with white, dark purple, and striped flowers. 
 
 LATHYRUS NERVOSUS LAM. 
 
 Stems triangular, striated, 1-2 feet long; petioles with one pair of ovate, 
 acute, mucronate, nerved, glaucous, glabrous leaflets, longer than the 
 intemodes; petioles very short; tendril branches long; stipules sagittate, 
 nearly two thirds size of leaflets, nerved; peduncles many-flowered; calyx 
 teeth unequal, upper ones shortest; pod 2^ inches, linear, glabrous, 
 containing 7-8 seeds; seeds irregular in form, brown, with smooth coats. 
 Native of the region about Montevideo. Flowers large, purple. 
 
 LATHYRUS PRATENSIS L. 
 
 Stems smooth, tetragonal, 2-3 feet; petioles with one pair of oblong- 
 linear or lanceolate leaflets; tendrils usually unbranched; stipules ovate, 
 shorter than the leaflets; peduncles many- flowered, twice the length of 
 leaves; calyx nerved, teeth nearly equal; legumes compressed, obliquely 
 reticulated ; seeds globular, smooth. Native of Europe, in moist mead- 
 ows. Flowers yellow. 
 
 history op the cultivated LATHYRUS 
 
 The word " Lathyrus " is from the Greek Aa, la, augmentative, and 
 »9ov/9o?, thouros, anything exciting, having reference to the qualities of 
 the seeds of certain species. In Europe the species of Lathyrus are 
 known as ''Gesse,'" the sweet pea being known as Gesse odorante. The 
 French know the plant under this name, or occasionally as Pois odorante 
 
674 Bulletin 320 
 
 and latterly as Pots de Senteiir. The common Gesse of central Europe 
 is Lathyrus sativiis. 
 
 Of the one hundred or more species of Lathyrus, very few are in cul- 
 tivation. Some — as, for example, the sweet pea — are of ornamental 
 value; others, such as Lathyrus sativus, are of economic value as forage 
 crops. 
 
 The species are all propagated by seed, and the perennial species by 
 division also. Occasionally cuttings have been used, and possibly the 
 method could be extensively adopted. 
 
 With the excei:)tion of the sweet pea, which requires the best of soil 
 and culture, the Laihyri are not exacting as to soil. Some of the perennial 
 species appear to thrive in a rather poor, dry soil and are useful in covering 
 banks. The perennial species have long, fleshy roots, and when estab- 
 lished they thrive for years without special care. In fact, these species are 
 best left alone. 
 
 Descriptions of cultivated species 
 
 LATHYRUS SATIVUS L. 
 
 Blue-flowered lathyrus, or chichling vetch. An annual species, of 
 easy culture. The flowers are sky-blue [Repertoire de Couleurs, the 
 standard and wings forget-me-not blue 2-3 (217), back of the standard 
 heliotrope i (188)] or pure white. The plant grows to a height of 2 feet 
 and flowers early and profusely. The season is not long, but probably 
 successive sowings would provide for a longer display of the bright 
 blue flowers. At least two crops a year can be grown. 
 
 Don has the following to say of this species, which is a native of Italy, 
 Spain, and France and has probably been cultivated from the earliest 
 times: " In several parts of the continent a light, white, pleasant bread 
 is made of the flower of this pulse, but it produced such dreadful effects 
 in the seventeenth century that the use of it was forbidden by an edict 
 of George, Duke of Wiirttemberg, in 167 1, which was enforced by two 
 other edicts under his successor, Leopold, in 1705 and 17 14. Divemoy 
 Fabbroni says that in 1786 the government there cautioned the peasants 
 against its use." 
 
 The effect of the use of the bread or seeds was that men and animals 
 suffered from a rigidity of the limbs, which came on suddenly without 
 any previous pain. The disease was regarded as incurable. Swine, 
 horses, and pigeons suffered in this way, cattle grew lean; while poultry 
 would not eat the food. Strange to relate, it appears that geese suffered 
 no ill effects. It is recorded that if these seeds are mixed with one fourth 
 or one half wheat flour, the bread made from them is harmless. The 
 foregoing possibly explains the origin of the generic name. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 675 
 
 LATHYRUS TINGITANUS L. 
 
 Tangier pea. This species is very distinct from the sweet pea, L. 
 odoratus, and is sometimes cultivated in gardens with other annuals. 
 Its culture is similar to that of the sweet pea, but, while the flowers are 
 freely produced, they lack the range of color and the agreeable fragrance 
 of the sweet pea. The species begins to bloom with the earliest of the 
 sweet peas, but experience last year at this station would indicate that it 
 does not produce flowers over so long a period. Success is dependent 
 on prompt removal of the pods, for they develop rapidly. This plant 
 comes from northern Africa. 
 
 LATHYRUS OCHRUS DC. 
 
 This species has pale yellow flowers, hence the common name, pale 
 yellow pea. The plant was formerly known as Ochrus pallida Pers. 
 Linnasus described it as Pisum ochrus and De Candolle as Lathyrus ochrus, 
 the latter being now the accepted name. The species is of the easiest 
 culture, but is not very showy nor attractive in bloom. It does not remain 
 in bloom very long, but is of some interest botanically. 
 
 LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS L. 
 
 This species is inferior ornamentally to other species, but is of some value 
 as a forage crop. It grows well on poor, sandy soil, which it improves 
 if plowed under. 
 
 LATHYRUS PUBESCENS HOOK. 
 
 One of the most ornamental species, but is not hardy. The flowers 
 are a beautiful blue — in fact they are said to surpass Lord Anson's Blue 
 — and are borne several in a cluster. The species was first cultivated 
 by M. Andre in his garden at La Croix, France. The plant attains a 
 height of 3 to 5 feet in ciiltivation. Early-sown seeds give plants that 
 bloom the same season. This species may be increased from cuttings in 
 the fall. In England the variety is apparently not hardy except in favored 
 locations, and is recommended as a greenhouse plant. It was exhibited 
 before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society March 20, 1906. Color 
 plates are found in The Garden, Vol. 54, p. 353, and in Revue Horti- 
 cole, 1895, p. 40. The latter is a better representation of the color of 
 our species. 
 
 LATHYRUS MAGELLANICUS LAM. 
 
 In the old seed lists we find Lord Anson's Blue and Lord Anson's White. 
 The plant most frequently sold under this name is Lathyrus sativus. The 
 true species is a perennial, with woody stems 3 to 5 feet long bearing 
 long, 3-4-flowered peduncles. The color is a purple-blue. 
 
676 Bulletin 320 
 
 " The history of the species," says C. Wolley-Dod, " dates from the 
 celebrated voyage around the world of Lord Anson in the ship Centurion 
 in 1 740-1 744. The Centurion, with the crew in a dreadful condition 
 from scurvy, reached the southeastern point of South America in the 
 beginning of March, 1741 (equivalent in our season to September). The 
 weather was then mild and bright, and it seems to have been at the en- 
 trance of the Strait Le Maire that this pea was first found." 
 
 Martyn's edition of Miller's Dictionary says of it: " Mr. Miller has 
 a perennial pea, which he calls Pisum Americanum, or Cape Horn pea, 
 from its having been brought by Lord Anson's cook when he passed that 
 cape, where this pea was a great relief to sailors ; but it is not so good for 
 eating as the worst sort cultivated in England." 
 
 The plant is known to gardeners from the beautiful portrait in Sweet's 
 British Flower Garden, Scries II, Table 344. It seems that after its 
 cultivation in the Chelsea Garden it was lost until Sweet's time, when 
 his illustration was made from a living plant in Messrs. Osborn's nur- 
 series at Fulham. After this it was again lost sight of for a long time, 
 until it was reintroduced in 1899. 
 
 The Reverend Mr. Wolley-Dod says that the plants do not prove to be 
 really perennial. Sweet makes the suggestion that, being a maritime 
 ]:)lant native of a very stormy coast, it may require sprinldings of salt. 
 
 LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L. 
 
 One of the most valuable of the ornamental species, and the best known 
 of the perennial species in this country. This plant is one of the best 
 hardy perennials, being a vigorous, rank-growing climber bearing many- 
 flowered peduncles in great profusion. The plant is suitable for covering 
 low trellises or as a cover for rough places, low walls, rocks, and banks. 
 It succeeds well in shade and grows rapidly. The plants resent frequent 
 removal. There are several variety names in the trade, but the best, 
 so far as we can determine them at present, are Pink Beauty, Delicata, 
 Albus, and Splendens. Another name is Grandifiorus, which is confused 
 with the species L. graudiflorus. The latter can be distinguished by 
 the two (rarely three) -flowered peduncles, as the varieties of L. latifolius 
 bear many-flowered peduncles. 
 
 LATHYRUS PRATENSIS L. 
 
 Common yellow vetchling, meadow vetchling, or tare everlasting. The 
 old authors describe this as an ineradicable weed because of its creeping 
 rootstocks. Later authorities recommend it as a food for cattle, since 
 the quality is good and it produces a considerable quantity of succulent 
 forage. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 677 
 
 LATHYRUS NERVOSUS LAM. 
 
 This species, under the conditions at this station, made stems i foot 
 long and did not flower. It is quite distinct in its plant characters. The 
 species was discovered by Mr. Cameron, growing on rocky places near 
 Montevideo in South America. It was first described by Doctor Vogel 
 in Linnaea, Vol. 13, under the names L. nervosus and L. trigonns. It was 
 first cultivated in England in the gardens of the Duke of Bedford, from 
 seeds sent from Porto Bravo in southern Brazil. It is said to make a very 
 satisfactory greenhouse subject, grown in pots and trained. 
 
678 Bulletin 320 
 
 PART II. THE SWEET PEA IN BOTANY AND IN 
 HORTICULTURE 
 
 " Here are sweet peas, on tip-toe or a/light, 
 With wings of gentle flush o'er delicate white. 
 And taper fingers catching at all things. 
 To bind them all about with tiny rings.'' 
 
 Keats. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SWEET PEA 
 
 Botanical history 
 
 The earliest mention of the sweet pea was made in " Sillabus Plantarum 
 Sicillffi-nuper detectarum a P. F. Franciscus Cupani " (Panormi, 1695). 
 It is a very small work — duodecimo — and among the plants newly dis- 
 covered is the " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et pera- 
 moeno flore odoro." In 1696 the same writer issued " Hortus Catholicus 
 Neapolitanus " (Ncapoli). Father Cupani* exhibited considerable zeal 
 in distributing this Lathyrus and in 1699 sent seed to Dr. Uvedale at 
 Enfield, England, and to Caspar Commelin at Amsterdam, Holland. 
 
 Commelin published an illustration and description of the plant in his 
 " Hort-Medici Amstelodamensis " (i 697-1 701). In his description he says: 
 
 " I am sowing seeds of this most elegant and very pleasant plant 
 lately received from the Reverendo Patri Francisco Cupani, who was 
 pleased to communicate with me and to send me these from Panormo, 
 together with other somewhat rare seeds, in the beginning of 1699; which 
 being sown, in the same year produced flowers and seeds, of which plant, 
 for the sake of the elegance and pleasantness which it possesses, I have 
 wished to set forth a delineation and description by that name which the 
 Revendus Pater Cupani has proposed for it in the catalogue of the most 
 learned and excellent Catholic Prince. 
 
 " This Lathyrus, an annual, rises to a height of 6 or 7 feet; the root is 
 thin, the stalks compressed, solitary, projecting on both sides on these 
 stand two wnde and oblong leaves on a foot stalk, which is compressed, 
 foliated, and raised, which footstalk ends in tendrils. From the wings 
 of the leaves on longer pedicels spring butterfly-like flowers which are 
 large and have a ])urple standard, the remaining petals are sky-blue. 
 These flowers have a very pleasant smell." 
 
 Commelin adopted Cupani's name for the plant. 
 
 * Father Cupani was a very devout and learned monk and an enthusiastic naturaUst. He was born 
 in 1657 and became a monk in 1681, his order being located in the vicinity of Panormi. In addition to 
 the two purely botanical works mentioned above he prepared an illustrated natural history of plants, 
 fishes, animals, and so on, entitled " Pamphytum Siculum." This work was published in 1712, following 
 the death of Cupani in 1711. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 
 
 679 
 
 The most noticeable thing about CommeKn's drawing is the way in 
 which the wings are spread laterally, possibly due to the liberties 
 taken by the artist, for we also discover a seed pod near the top of 
 the stem above the flowers. 
 
 
 
 c\ /Q^^ 
 
 fe 
 
 M^ 
 
 q 
 
 
 J^"' 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 
 9^ 
 
 1 * V- 
 
 L^ 
 
 
 V/^to 
 
 v 
 
 vfi 
 
 l-4£ 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 •9 M^S!^ 
 
 fcr' 
 
 4 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 /-^ 
 
 ^S 
 
 
 ^pBB^- . 
 
 Fig. 182. — The oldest drawing of the sweet pea, 1700. Commelin s draw- 
 ing in Hort-Medici Amstelodamensis 
 
 Dr. Leonard Plukenet,* in his " Almagesti Botanici Mantissa " (1700), 
 gives a description of the sweet pea. A dried specimen of buds, flowers, 
 
 * Dr. Leonard Plukenet (i 642-1 706). Apothecary at Westminstfr, where he had a botanic garden. 
 Became superintendent of the gardens at Hampton Court, and Re. al Professor of Botany. Published 
 several botanical works. 
 
68o Bulletin 320 
 
 and leaves, preserved in Plukonct's Herbarium which forms a part of the 
 Sir Hans Sloane Collection, is the oldest specimen of the sweet pea in 
 existence. This specimen must date from about 1700 and undoubtedly 
 came directly or indirectly from the garden of Dr. Uvedale. 
 
 John Ray,'" author of " Historia Plantarum Generalis " (1688-1704), 
 describes in the third volume of this work, which appeared in 1704: 
 " Lathyrus Major e SiciHae; a very sweet-scented SiciHan flower, with 
 a red standard; the lip-like petals surrounding the keel are pale blue. 
 Its seed pod is hairy." In the same connection he refers to the plant as 
 " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore 
 odoratissimo purpureo." The last word has been added to Cupani's 
 description on the authority of D. Shcrard. 
 
 In 1 7 13 Mr. Pctiver mentioned the i:)lant in the Philosophical Trans- 
 actions, in a paper entitled " Botanicum Hortense III " giving an account 
 of divers rare plants observed that summer ^ — -A. D. 1713- — -in several 
 curious gardens about London, particularly in the Society of Apothe- 
 caries Physick Garden at Chelsea. Pctiver calls the plant Lathyrus 
 Sictilus, citing Boerhaave's " Index Plantanma quae Horto Academico 
 Lugduno Batavo " (17 10) as authority. The great Dutch naturalist 
 considered his plant as identical with Cupani's L. distoplatyphyllos. 
 Petiver describes the plants as coming from Sicily and having large, broad, 
 sweet-smelling flowers, with a red standard (vexillum) and blue wing 
 petals, or, as he describes them, " petalis labialibus," wrapping around the 
 " rostrum," or young ovary. " This elegant sweet-flowered plant," 
 continues Petiver, " I first observed with Dr. Plukenetf in Dr. Uvedale's 
 most curious garden at Enfield, and since at Chelsea and elsewhere. 
 Neither Gerard nor Parldnson mentions the plant, which must have been 
 introduced after their time." 
 
 H. B. Ruppii, in " Flora Jenensis " (Francfort, 171S), places in a class 
 of plants with irregular flowers, Lathyrus Siculus Ravini, and states: 
 " In gardens they generally call it the musk-scented Lathyrus (L. mos- 
 chatimi). Sometimes it varies with a white flower." Now if we examine 
 Ravini's " Introductio Generalis " (Lipsiac 1 690-1699), we find that he 
 figures " Lathyrus Siliquis hirsutis A., annual." He merely calls attention 
 to the hairy pods, and this reference is extremely doubtful since there is 
 a L. hirsutis, which is an annual, with hairy calyx and legume. 
 
 Thus far all the authorities give Sicily as the original habitat of the sweet 
 pea ; and the forms then known were a variety with a red or purple standard 
 and blue wings, and, according to Ruppii, a variety with white flowers. 
 
 *John Ray (1627-1705). One of the most distinguished of English naturalists. Author of many 
 works, chief of which was " Historia Plantarum." 
 
 t Plukenet died in 1706, therefore this sentence doubtless refers to observations made between 1 700 
 and 1706 and not to the summer of 1713. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 68 i 
 
 Burmann, in 1737, published his " Thesaurus Zeylanicus," wherein he 
 mentions: " Lathyrus Zeylanicus odorato flore amoene ex albo et rubro 
 vario, Nobis. Lathyrus Zeylanicus hirsutis flore variegato odorato Herb. 
 Hart. This plant differs from the L. odorato of Cupani only in the 
 variety of the flower, and since it has been well described and set forth 
 in Hort. Amst., part 2, p. 159, Fig. 80, we do not further describe it here, 
 since also, in addition, these plants are well known to all since they fre- 
 quently occur in our gardens." 
 
 Regarding the reference to Herb. Hart., Burmann says: " Hartog, or 
 Hertog, is a herbarimn which I keep and which contains very many most 
 elegant Zeylanian plants, and was sent once by him from Zeylona to 
 Cornelius Vossus, the gardener at Leyden." Burmann did not visit 
 Ceylon, but received his specimens from others; and the early death of 
 John Hartog,* who explored the island, prevented any correction of errors. 
 
 Linnaeus, in " Hortus Cliff ortianus," 1737, p. 368, gives the following: 
 
 " Lathyrus pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliis ovato-oblongis. 
 
 " Lathyrus siculus. Rupp. jen., 210. 
 
 " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore 
 odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 159, t. 80, Boer. lugd. 2, p. 42. 
 
 " Crescit in Si cilia. Sii nomini sides." 
 
 Linnaeus published a work on the plants of Ceylon in 1747, but did not 
 mention the sweet pea. In his " Hortus Upsaliensis, Stockholmiae " 
 (1748) he referred to the sweet pea as follows: 
 
 " 4 Lathyrus pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliis ovato-oblongis, 
 leguminibus hirsutis. Hort. CHff., 368. 
 
 " a Lathyrus siculus. Rupp. jen., 210. 
 
 " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno flore 
 odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 159, t. 80. 
 
 "/S Lathyrus Zeylanicus. Odorato flore amoene ex albo et rubro vario. 
 Burm. Zeyl., 138. 
 
 " Habitat: « in SiciHa, [s in Zeylona. 
 
 " Hospitatur in oUis annua. 
 
 " Obf. Hacc coronaria, sauveolus, in /3 vexillum rubrum alae albae carina 
 alba apice rusescente." 
 
 From the above it will be seen that the great botanist makes two varie- 
 ties, and recognizes first the Lathyrus Siculus of Boerhaave but gives the 
 name of Commelin, who adopted that of Cupani, as a synonym; second, 
 he admits the Zeylanian Lathyrus wholly on the authority of Burmann. 
 It is thought by some that the omission of this plant from his work 
 on Zeylanian plants led the botanists to call the attention of Linnaeus 
 
 * John Hartog was trained in the Leyden Garden and made a journey to Ceylon at the instigation of 
 Boerhaave and of William Sherard, Director of the Garden. He sent plants and seeds to Voss. He died 
 in the prime of life from exposure and unsuitable food. 
 
682 Bulletin 320 
 
 to the fact and that the above classification was made to correct this 
 omission. 
 
 PhiHp Miller, 1752, gives " Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, 
 magno et pcramocno florc odoro, Hort. Cath. Broadleaved, hairy, soft 
 chichling with large and \'cry beautiful, sweet -smelling flower, commonly 
 called sweet-scented peas." 
 
 Linnaeus, 1753, in his great " Systema Plantarum Europae," classifies 
 the sweet pea as follows: 
 
 " Odoratus 11. Lathyrus pcdunculis bifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foUis 
 ovato-oblongis, leguminibus hirsutis. Hort. Cliff. 368, Hort. Upsal. 
 216, Roy. lugd. 363. 
 " Siciilus « Lathyrus Siculus. Rupp. jen., 210. 
 
 Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos hirsutis mollis, magno et peramoeno 
 flore odoro. Comm. Hort. 2, p. 219, t. 80. 
 " Zeylanicus /8 Lathyrus Zeylanicus. Odorato flore amoene ex albo et 
 rubro vario. Burm. Zeyl., 138. 
 " Habitat: « in Sicilia; jS in Zeylona." 
 
 Here is the first use of the term " Odoratus " as a distinctive name. 
 
 Kniphof, in his " Botanico in Originali " (i 757-1 763), gives colored 
 illustrations of the pressed flowers of Painted Lady sweet pea. In Vol. II 
 the stems bear two flowers, and in Vol. V there is only one flower on a stem. 
 S. B. Dicks, who has written much on the history of the sweet pea, thinks 
 that the first illustration is from a dried specimen, sent from Ceylon. 
 He says: " The colors are those of the Painted Lad}' as now grown, but 
 the standards are small and of poor r,ubstance, the wings being in each 
 case the most prominent parts of the flowers." 
 
 Mr. Dicks, who is an English authority on the history of the sweet pea, 
 says that no mention is made of the sweet pea in Paoli Bocconi's " Icones 
 Plantarum Siciliae " (Oxford, 1674), which he regards as a rather re- 
 markable fact. The writer has had an opportunity to examine this work, 
 among others, and he finds that Bocconi does not mention Lathyrus, 
 Vetch, Orobus, or, in fact, any of the Leguminosae. As proof that the 
 Lathyrus odoratus did not occur in Sicily this work is worthless. However, 
 Mr. Dicks called the attention of G. Sprenger to the facts regarding the 
 origin of the sweet pea, and the latter undertook an investigation. Mr. 
 Sprenger reported to Mr. Dicks as follows:* 
 
 " I retain that the plant is really a native of the two most important 
 Italian islands, Sicily and Sardinia. I have just come from Sicily, where 
 I could see the ])lant in the neighborhood of Corleone, a town lying in 
 the interior on a range of hills, and in several other wild regions round 
 
 * " All about Sweet Peas," p. 21. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 
 
 683 
 
 about, together with other Papilionaceae. The plant has all the appearance 
 of being of spontaneous form, and not an imported one. The above 
 locality has been but very rarely visited and it is apparently to be ex- 
 cluded that L. od. w^as brought there. It is surprising that the Lathyrus 
 has been found Jn but a few places, but this does not mean much. From 
 what I could de- 
 duct, the plant 
 grows in three or 
 four places in Sic- 
 ily and it has also 
 been found in Sar- 
 dinia. 
 
 " Our most 
 learned men re- 
 tain that the La- 
 thyrus is really an 
 indigenous kind in 
 Sicily, because it 
 presents all the 
 characters of 
 being of spontane- 
 ous growth. The 
 flowers of our kind 
 are purple (pur- 
 purea), while 
 those of Ceylon 
 are rose-colored . 
 This could be a 
 variation due to 
 the climate, but I 
 was unable to find 
 out if the Lathy- 
 rus varies or if the 
 white-flowered 
 variety is found 
 growing spontane- 
 ously." 
 
 It has already been noted that the early writers considered Sicily as 
 the native country of the sweet pea. Bumiann was the first to catalog 
 a sweet pea from Ceylon, which he admitted differed only in the color of 
 the flowers from the Lathyrus described by Cupani. However, he pro- 
 ceeded to found a new species upon the sole character of difference in 
 
 Fig. 183. — Kniphof s figure of the sweet pea. (Kniphof, Botanico 
 in Origlnali, 1757-1763) 
 
684 Bulletin 320 
 
 color of the flowers. Linna?us, writing a flora of Ceylon ten years later, 
 did not describe a sweet pea from there. Neither of these botanists 
 visited the island, and none of the later works on the plants of Ceylon, 
 including those of Trimen, niention Lathyrns odoratus as native of that 
 island. 
 
 The great mass of e\-idence, therefore, is in favor of Sicily as the original' 
 home of the sweet pea. The question arises as to how Burmann could 
 have been misled. May it not have happened that Voss had seeds of 
 the sweet pea which were accidentally mixed or included with the col- 
 lection of Ceylon seeds? The color of the flowers was different from 
 existing varieties, being red and white. That this would naturally be the 
 direction of variation is shown by the fact that the first Cupid was white, 
 while the second variety, Pink Cupid, was red and white. The first of 
 Burpee's bush form was of this color, wliich is an extremely precocious 
 color. It would appear, since the sweet pea is never found in Ceylon, 
 and also from the fact that Burmann was aware that his plant differed 
 only in color of the flowers from Cupani's plant, that Lathyriis Zeylanicus 
 Burm. was only a variation from the original fomi received from Sicily 
 in 1699. 
 
 British horticultural history 
 
 The earliest trade mention of sweet peas, according to Beale,* is found 
 in the catalog of Benjamin Townscnd (1724), who subscribes himself 
 late gardener to Lord Middleton. He merely quotes sweet pea seed. 
 
 Robert Ftu-ber offered seed of the purple variety of sweet pea. 
 
 In " Twelve Months of Flowers " (1730), a set of engravings designed 
 by Peter Casteels from the collection of Robert Furber, gardener at 
 Kensington, and engraved by H. Fletcher, is to be found probably the 
 first colored illustration of the sweet pea. The purple sweet pea is shown 
 in the bouquet for the month of June. The fomi of the flower is very 
 loose and irregular, with a small reflexed standard and \'cry large wings. 
 
 In Miller's Gardeners Dictionary, first folio edition, 1731, is found the 
 following, referring to the culture of Lathyrus Tingitanus and Lathyrus 
 distoplatyphyllos : 
 
 " The fifth and sixth sorts are annual plants which arc propagated only 
 by seeds: these may be sown in March in the place where they arc to 
 remain for good; being plants that seldom will grow, if transplanted, 
 except it be done when they are ver\' young. These should be sown near 
 a Pale, Wall, or Espalier, to which they may be trained, or, if sown in 
 the open borders, should have stakes placed by them, to which they should 
 be fastened; otherwise they will trail upon the ground and appear very 
 unsightly; which is the only culture these plants require; except the 
 
 * Gilbert Beale, in Gardeniiig World, 1900, pp. 741, 742, and 7f>S- 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 685 
 
 cleaning of them from weeds. They produce their flowers in July and 
 their seeds are perfected in August and September. But the best method 
 to have them ver}' strong is, to sow their seeds in August under a warm 
 wall or hedge where they will come up in the autumn and abide the winter 
 very well; and these will begin to flower in May and continue to produce 
 fresh flowers until July or later, according to the heat of the season; and 
 one of these autumnal plants will be as large as fotu" or five of those sown 
 in the spring and produce ten times the number of flowers; and upon 
 these plants you will always ha\'e good seeds, when sometimes the other 
 win miscarry; however, it is ver}^ proper to sow seeds at two or three 
 different seasons in order to continue their flowers the longer ; for the late- 
 planted ones "^dll continue blowing until the frost prevents them. 
 
 " The sweet-scented sort is the most valuable both for beauty and 
 fragrancy of its flowers. Of this sort there are two other varieties: one 
 of these has pale red flowers, which are called by gardeners Painted Lady 
 peas; the other hath entire white flowers; both these may be allowed a 
 place in the borders of the flower garden for the sake of variety." 
 
 From the preceding it is clear that three varieties were known at least 
 as early as 173 1. In the eighth edition of the Gardeners Dictionary, 1768, 
 the same varieties are again noted. 
 
 James Justice, in the Scots Gardeners' Director (1754), criticised the 
 catalogs of the Dutch seedsmen and nurserymen who were sending their 
 catalogs tliroughout England. He says, " They are neither rightly named 
 botanically or otherwise," and for illustration proceeds to quote from the 
 *' Caalogus van Schoone Bloem-Zaaden te Vinden," by Dirk and Pierre 
 Voorhelm, " Bloemists te Haarlem": "No. 176 Lathyrus odorante flore 
 albo et rubro variegato"; "No. 177 Lath}ans odorante flore purp. et 
 rubro variegato." 
 
 Justice then proceeds as follows: " The first named is the Lathyrus 
 angustifolius flore ex albo et rubro variegato odorato, mentioned by 
 J. Bauhinus, 1650. This is the Painted Lady pea vulgo, a variety seminal 
 of the 177 but not so sweet-smelled." Regarding No. 177 he says: " This 
 is the Lathyrus distoplatyphyllos of Hort. Cathol., the sweet-scented pea 
 ■vulgo ; of this kind of pea there is both the purple and the white flowered 
 forms." 
 
 In the catalog for 1778 of W. Malcolm, seedsman, of Kensington Turn- 
 pike, there were offered white, purple, and Painted Lady sweet peas. 
 
 The Universal Gardener and Botanist of Mawe and Abercrombie, 1778, 
 gives under La//z;TM5 : " Varieties of, are, purple-flowered sweet peas, white- 
 flowered sweet peas, variegated or Painted Lady sweet-scented pea." 
 
 The first evidence of improvement is noticed in the catalog of John 
 Mason (original founder of the business of Cooper, Taber & Co.), published 
 
686 Bulletin 320 
 
 in 1793 at The Sign of the Orange Tree in Fleet Street. He offered black, 
 purple, scarlet, white, and Painted Lady peas. 
 
 In Martyn's edition of Miller's Gardeners Dictionary, 1807, the sweet 
 pea, with its varieties, is classified with the Lathyri: 
 
 "With two-flowered peduncles: 
 
 " Lathyrus odoratus Sweet Lathyn,is or pea 
 
 L. Spec. 1032, Reich. 3. 465, Hort. Cliff. 368, Upsal. 216, Curtis Mag. 60 
 
 Floribus albus White-flowered sweet pea 
 
 Alis carinaque albis, vexillo carneo Old Painted Lady pea 
 
 Alis carinaque carncis, vexillo rubro New Painted Lady pea 
 
 Alis carinaque pallide coeruleus, vexillo atropurpiirea . . . . Common sort 
 Carina pallide violacea, alis faturate violaceis, vexillo atropurpureo 
 Peduncles two-flowered, tendrils two-leaved, leaflets ovate-oblong, 
 legumes hirsute. 
 
 " The sweet pea, as it is commonly called, is an annual plant which 
 rises from three to four feet high by means of its long, clasping tendrils. 
 The flower stalks come out at the points, are about six inches long, and 
 sustain two large flowers which have a strong odour; and are succeeded 
 by oblong, hairy pods having four or five roundish seeds in each. 
 
 " In the common sort the corolla has dark purple standards, with the 
 keel and wings of a Hght blue. Other varieties are the white; the pink 
 with a white keel and wings pale blush color; the rose-coloured standard 
 with keel and wings pale blue ; these that have a mixture of red with white 
 or a pale blue are called Painted Lady dies. There is also a variety of the 
 common dark sort with the keel pale violet and the wings dark violet, etc." 
 
 Page, in his " Prodromus " (18 17), mentions a striped variety. 
 
 Thorburn, in 1824, catalogued the following \-arieties of sweet peas: 
 
 " Painted Lady — Lathyrus odoratus fl. carnea 
 White — Lathyrus odoratus fl. albo 
 Black — Lathyrus odoratus fl. obscuro 
 Purple — Lathyrus odoratus fl. purpureo 
 Scarlet — Lathyrus odoratus fl. roseo " 
 
 A yellow sweet pea is designated as Lathyrus aphaca. In 1827 the same 
 firm offered a striped variety. 
 
 Roland Green, whose " Treatise on the Cultivation of Ornamental 
 Flowers " (Boston, 1828) was the first distinctly floricultural book pub- 
 lished in North America, speaks of sweet peas as follows : 
 
 "Pea, sweet (Lathyrus odoratus) — There are many species as to color 
 and fragrance. These are annual. The Everlasting Pea (Lathyrus C. 
 folius) is perennial and produces many clusters of showy flowers, and 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 6S7 
 
 remains in bloom a long time. The seed should be planted early in the 
 spring." 
 
 Edward Sayers, whose book " The American Flower Garden Com- 
 panion " (Boston, 1838) was the second floricultnral book published in 
 America, gives in the appendix of the book the following list: 
 
 "Sweet pea. Painted Lady, Lathyrus odoratus. . . 4 ft. fleshed color 
 
 White sweet pea Lathyrus alba 2 ft. white color 
 
 Purple sweet pea Lathyrus fl. piirpurea 2 ft. piirple color 
 
 Scarlet sweet pea Lathyrus fl. rosea 2 ft. scarlet color 
 
 Striped sweet pea Lathyrus fl. striata 2 ft. striped color " 
 
 Thus we see that all the varieties were known in this country previous 
 to 1840. 
 
 Mr. Carter (foimder of Messrs. J. Carter & Co. of Holborn) offered 
 in 1837 the five varieties previously offered by Mason, and also the striped 
 variety. 
 
 In Mrs. London's " Ladies' Flower Garden of Ornamental Annuals " 
 (1840) descriptions are given of a number of annual species of the genus 
 Lathyrus, among them L. odoratus. Under the head of " Varieties " 
 occurs the following: " There are six distinct kinds of sweet peas in 
 constant cultivation, all of which, with very few exceptions, come true 
 from seed. There are the purple, which has a standard of deep reddish 
 purple, the wings pinkish, and the keel nearly white, and is a native of 
 Sicily; the New Painted Lady, which has the standard deep rose colour, 
 the wings pale rose, and the keel pure white, and is a native of Ceylon; 
 the white sweet pea, which has flowers a pure white; the Old Painted 
 Lady, which has the wings and keel white and the standard flesh-coloured ; 
 the blue, which has the wings and keel a pale blue and the standard dark 
 bluish purple; and the violet, which has the keel a pale violet, the wings 
 a deep violet, and the standard a dark reddish purple." 
 
 Between 1845 and 1849 the firm of Messrs. J. Carter & Co. introduced 
 a New Striped Sweet Pea and a New Large Purple Sweet Pea. 
 
 In 1850 Messrs. Noble, Cooper & Bolton (predecessors of Cooper, 
 Taber & Co.) introduced a New Large Dark Purple. 
 
 In i860 Mr. Carter offered nine varieties, besides a yellow-flowered 
 variety and the variety Blue Edged. The last-named variety was white, 
 with a well-marked blue edge, and it was stated that it was the result of 
 many experiments made by Major Trevor Clarke, of Daventry, in cross- 
 ing a pure white sweet pea with the perennial bright-blue-flowered Lord 
 Anson's pea, L. Magellanicus. Later, in 1883, under the name " Blue 
 Hybrid," this variety received the First Class Certificate of the Royal 
 Horticultural Society. 
 
688 Bulletin 320 
 
 It was in 1865 that the First Class Certificate of the Royal Horticultural 
 Society was first awarded to a new sweet pea. This was the variety 
 called Scarlet Invincible, exhibited by Steven Brown, of Sudbury, and 
 offered in Carter's catalog for 1866, where it was both described and 
 illustrated. This was the first illustration of a sweet pea novelty ever 
 published in a seedsman's catalog. 
 
 James Vick's " Illustrated Catalogue and Flower Guide " for 1870, 
 under the division of Ornamental Climbers, gives the following varieties 
 of sweet peas: Scarlet, Scarlet striped with White, White, Ptuplc striped 
 with White, Painted Lady, Blue Edged, Black, Black with Light Blue, 
 and Scarlet Invincible. 
 
 The prices may be of interest, for Mr. Vick says: " I am so desirous to 
 encotirage the general culture of this sweet flower that I have made the 
 price very low — the papers are large and the price by the pound and ounce 
 about cost." The first five varieties were offered at 10 cents per packet, 
 20 cents per ounce, $3 per pound; Blue Edged, 30 cents per ounce, $4.50 
 per pound; the last three, 15 cents per packet, 40 cents per ounce, $6 per 
 pound; mixed seed, 10 cents per ounce, $1 per pound. 
 
 About this time (previous to 1870) Messrs. Haage & Schmidt, of Erfurt, 
 sent out Crown Princess of Prussia, the beautiful light pink variety. In 
 1873-1874 the same firm sent out Fairy Queen, which was a leading 
 variety for many years. Butterfly, quite similar to Blue Edged, was 
 introduced by Sutton & Sons in 1878. A color plate of this appeared in 
 The Garden, Vol. 13, 1878, p. 44. 
 
 Messrs. Carter had the honor of publishing the first colored illustration 
 of a new sweet pea to appear in a seedsman's catalog, when they sent 
 out Violet Queen in 1877. 
 
 Prior to 188 1 the following varieties had appeared: Purple, White, 
 Painted Lady, Scarlet, Black, Piu-ple, Striped White, New Painted Lady, 
 Large Dark Purple, Yellow, Blue Edged, Scarlet Invincible, Scarlet 
 striped with White, Black Invincible, Crown Princess of Prussia, Fairy 
 Queen, Purple Invincible, Invincible Striped Violet Queen, Heterosperma, 
 The Queen, Captain Clarke, and Imperial Purple. The opening decade 
 (1880), however, was to witness great things for the sweet pea, for about 
 this time two capable florists began work on the improvement of the flower. 
 Those men were Thomas Laxton and Henry Eckford. 
 
 Mr. Laxton, of Bedford, commenced about 1S77 and for several years 
 worked assiduously in this field. In 1883 he won a First Class Certificate 
 from the Royal Horticultural Society for the excellent variety Invincible 
 Carmine. It is said that this variety is the earliest recorded from cross- 
 fertilization, for, although the exact varieties are unknown, it was a cross 
 of a red-flowered with a. purple-flowered variety. Mr. Laxton appears 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 689 
 
 to have made many crosses, using the best varieties known at the time 
 as well as his own best seedHngs. Among the varieties introduced by him 
 are Etna, Madame Camot, Invincible Blue, Carmen Silva, and Rising Sun. 
 
 After Mr. Laxton's death the work was carried on by his sons, who 
 introduced Princess May and Sultan. They also made crosses of the 
 Cupids, of which mention is made under that division of our subject. 
 
 Mr. Eckford began his work of improving sweet peas about 1870, while 
 in charge of the gardens of Doctor Sankey at Boreatton. His collection 
 consisted of the varieties known as White, Scarlet, Black, Painted Lady, 
 and Butterfly. Later he started in business for himself at Wem, Shrop- 
 shire, a small village but a place which he has made famous throughout 
 the world. Here he worked, crossing and intercrossing all the varieties. 
 His first notable result was Bronze Prince, which was exhibited before, 
 and awarded a First Class Certificate by, the Royal Horticultural Society, 
 August 8, 1882. This variety was sent out by W. Bull. Year by year 
 the introduction of new varieties was forwarded, despite the claims of 
 some persons during the earlier years that Mr. Eckford's varieties were 
 no better than existing varieties. Steadily he kept at work, bringing out 
 new varieties that were of improved size, form, or color. In the early 
 nineties his varieties caused a sensation in America, and under the leader- 
 ship of the Reverend W. T. Hutchins there was great enthusiasm in growing 
 sweet peas for exhibition, and above all for hoine decoration. This 
 supplied the required stimulus, largely lacking at home, for Mr. Eckford 
 to put forth his best efforts, and the result is the remarkably long list of 
 meritorious varieties that he sent out. 
 
 Aside from Bronze Prince, the following are some of the early Eckford 
 varieties: Blue King, Charming, Duchess of Albany, Princess, Grandeur, 
 Emperor, Black Prince, Leviathan, Rosalind, Maggie Ewing, Salmon 
 Queen, Lavender Gem, Empress Victoria, Queen of Roses, Queen of 
 Stripes, Purple Queen. How many of these were introduced we have 
 been unable to ascertain. 
 
 In 1885 Mr. Eckford introduced Queen of the Isles and Grand Blue; 
 in 1886 or previously. Cardinal, Indigo King, Princess of Wales, and 
 Miss Ethel. These were offered in the United States by Joseph Breck 
 in 1886. The varieties introduced in 1885, together with Miss Ethel, 
 were also offered by Peter Henderson. 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Eckford sent out Duchess of Edinburgh, Imperial Blue, 
 Isa Eckford, Orange Prince, and The Queen. These were offered by 
 Breck the same year. Miss Hunt was also probably sent out this year. 
 The following varieties were sent out in succeeding years: 
 
 In 1888, Apple Blossom, Boreatton, Mauve Queen, Queen of England, 
 and Splendour. 
 
Gqo Bi'lletin 320 
 
 In 1889, Captain of the Blues, Deli<j;ht, Mrs. Gladstone, Mrs. Sankey, 
 and Purple Prince. 
 
 In i8qo. Alba Magna, Countess of Radnor, Lottie Eckford. 
 
 In 1 89 1, Dorothy Tennant, Duke of Clarence, Empress of India, Mon- 
 arch, Princess Victoria, and Senator. 
 
 In 1892, Emily Eckford, Her Majesty, Ignea, Lemon Queen, Mrs. 
 Eckford, and Waverly. 
 
 In 1893, Blushing Beauty, Firefly, Gaiety, Lady Beaeonsfield, Lady 
 Penzance, Ovid, Peach Blossom, Royal Robe, Stanley, and Venus. 
 
 In 1894, Blanche Burpee, Duke of York, Duchess of York, Eliza Eck- 
 ford, Meteor, Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain, Novelty, and The Belle. 
 
 In 1895, Alice Eckford, Captivation, Countess of Aberdeen, Crown 
 Jewel, Little Dorrit, and Mikado. These were offered by the Reverend 
 Mr. Hutchins in 1896. 
 
 In 1896, Coquette, Countess of Shrewsbury, Lovely, Mars, Prima Donna, 
 and Royal Rose, which were offered in the United States in 1897 by Burpee 
 and the Reverend Mr. Hutchins. 
 
 In 1897, Countess of Powis, Lady Nina Balfour, Prince Edward of 
 York, Queen Victoria, Triumph, Salopian, and Shahzada. 
 
 In 1898, Black Knight, Chancellor, Colonist, Duchess of Sutherland, 
 Lady Grizel Hamilton, Lady Mary Currie, and Prince of Wales. 
 
 In 1899, Countess Cadogan, Duke of Westminster, The Honorable 
 F. Bouvcrie, Lady Skelmersdalc, Mrs. Dugdale, Othello, and Sadie Burpee. 
 
 In 1900, Calypso, Countess of Lathom, Duchess of Westminster, 
 Fascination, Lord Kenyon, and Mrs. Fitzgerald. 
 
 The two-hundredth anniversary of the introduction of the sweet pea 
 was celebrated by the Sweet Pea Bi-Centcnary Celebration in London in 
 1900. Including the introductions of that year, there had been two 
 hundred and sixty-foiir varietal names of the tall-growing type of sweet 
 peas catalogued. This included all the indeterminate variety names, as 
 Purple, Purple Black, Purple Brown, Purple Striped, Light Blue and 
 Purple, Red Striped, Striped Red and White, Striped Scarlet, Scarlet, 
 Dark Red, Red striped with White, and so on; also, slight variations in 
 color, form, and the like, as Striped Celestial, Light Gaiety, Extra Early 
 Blanche Ferry, New Countess, and others, as well as the double sweet peas. 
 
 Out of this extensive list not more than one hundred and seventy-five 
 varieties had been catalogued by any seed firm; the remainder were scat- 
 tering introductions, some of which were not listed for more than one 
 year. Mr. Eckford is responsible for one hundred and fifteen varieties. 
 The relative superiority of the Eckford varieties is seen when we examine 
 the lists of this period, for we find, for example, in Burpee's catalog for 
 1899, one hundred and forty varieties exclusive of doubles and cupids, 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 691 
 
 and eighty of those are varieties originated at Wem. One fifth of the 
 remainder are of the old varieties introduced prior to 1880. As late as 
 1907 we find that in Mr. Morse's list of the fifty leading varieties, based 
 on the amount of seed of each demanded by the trade, twenty-eight of 
 the varieties originated on Eckford grounds. In his selection of the best 
 fifty varieties Mr. Morse included thirty-one Eckford varieties — a truly 
 remarkable record of achievement for one man as against the field, espe- 
 cially when we take into consideration also the fact that after Mr. Eckford 
 had " broken the type " many of the results obtained in CaUfomia were 
 rendered possible. 
 
 Mr. Eckford's further introductions are as follows : 
 
 1 90 1, Coccinea, George Gordon, Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon, Lady 
 Onnsby-Gore, Miss Wilmott. 
 
 1902, Gracie Greenwood, JeanrJe Gordon, Lord Rosebery. 
 
 1903, Agnes Johnston, Dorothy Eckford, King Edward VII, Mrs. 
 Walter Wright. 
 
 1904, Mrs. Knights-Smith, Marchioness of Cholmondeley. 
 
 1905, Black Michael, David R. Williamson, Princess Maud of Wales, 
 Romolo Piazzani. 
 
 1006, Henry Eckford, Queen Alexandra, Sybil Eckford. 
 
 1907, Agnes Eckford, Earl Cromer, Horace Wright, Maud Guest, Queen 
 of Spain. 
 
 1908, H. J. R. Digges, James Grieve, May Perrett, Mima Johnston, 
 Primrose Waved, Purple King, White Waved. 
 
 1909, Annie B. Gilroy, Dodwell F. Browne, Mrs. Charles Masters. 
 
 1 9 10, Mary Vipan, Mrs. E. Gilman, Vicomte de Janze. 
 
 American horticultural history 
 The first American variety of sweet peas was that epoch-making variety, 
 Blanche Ferry, introduced by D. M. Ferry & Co. in 1889. It was de- 
 lineated by a colored plate, which was the first colored plate of a sweet 
 pea to appear in an American seed catalog. This variety was derived 
 from the Old Painted Lady.* Then followed Captain Sharkey (Breck, 
 1889), Joanna Theresa (Breck, 1889), Alba Magnifica (Henderson, 1891), 
 Blushing Bride (Breck, 1891), and Emily Henderson (Henderson. 1893). 
 The last-named variety was for many years the standard white, and 
 florists especially preferred it. In 1894 W. Atlee Burpee & Co. intro- 
 duced American Belle, and Breck sent out Harvard. In 1895 D. M. 
 Ferry & Co. introduced Extra Early Blanche Ferry and Katherine Tracy. 
 In 1896 Burpee sent out Daybreak, originated by the Reverend Mr. 
 Hutchins, and also Grey Friar, Juanita, Oddity, and Ramona. The 
 
 * For an account of the origin of Blanche Ferry, see Bulletin 319 of this station, page 625. 
 
692 Bulletin 320 
 
 same year James Vick's Sons introduced the first of the double class in 
 Bride of Niagara, which was a double strain of Blanche Ferry or its 
 prototype. The sensational novelty Cupid, which is the most extraordinary 
 departure }'et found among sweet peas, was sent out in this year also. 
 
 Mr. Burpee's introductions for 1897 included Aurora, Brilliant, Creole, 
 Golden Gate, Maid of Honor, and Wawona. Mr. Lynch distributed 
 California, Emily Lynch, and the Bride. The Sunset Seed Company 
 introduced Golden Gleam and Red Riding Hood — the latter being the 
 first of the Snapdragon type. Mr. J. C. Vaughan sent out America, 
 the best of the stripes. Mr. Walker sent out Coronet. Mr. Brock dis- 
 tributed Snowflake, and the Reverend Mr. Hutchins sent out Columbia. 
 
 The new varieties introduced by Messrs. Burpee in 1898 were Dolly 
 Varden, Lottie Hutchins, Modesty, Oriental, Sensation, and Stella Morse. 
 In 1899 the same firm sent out Fashion, Gorgeous, Navy Blue, Pink 
 Friar, and also the first of the bush type, namely, Grey Friar Bush. Mr. 
 Walker sent out Oregonia. 
 
 In 1900 Burpee distributed Admiration, Surprise, Snapdragon, and 
 Sunproof Salopian; in 1901, Majestic; m 1902, American Queen, Golden 
 Rose, Salvation Lassie, and Reselected Extreme Early Earliest of All. 
 Messrs. Ferry sent out Josephine White and Inconstancy. 
 
 In 1903, Janet Scott, Sue Earl, and Dainty were distributed by Burpee. 
 
 During 1904, Earliest Sunbeams and White Wonder were sent out by 
 Burpee; Mr. Vaughan distributed Bridesmaid, E\'ening Star, Flora 
 Norton, Florence Eraser, Mrs. George Higginson, Jr., Speckled Beauty. 
 Sunrise, and Sunset. Messrs. IMorse and Vaughan each introduced 
 Nymphaea, and Morse sent out also Shasta. 
 
 In 1905 Burpee introduced Mrs. Sydenham. (This name was dropped 
 for Helen Lewis, which name was adopted by the English National Sweet 
 Pea Society.) Morse introduced Helen Pierce. Henderson sent out 
 Phenomenal and Doinino. 
 
 In 1906 Burpee distributed Earliest White. 
 
 In 1907, Brilliant Blue was sent out by Burpee and Mr. Vaughan 
 introduced Coral Gem. 
 
 The new American sweet peas for 1908 included Burpee's Apple Blos- 
 som, Spencer, Primrose Spencer, and White Spencer. Messrs. C. C. 
 Morse & Co. introduced Florence Morse Spencer. 
 
 In 1909 Messrs. Morse introduced Captain of the Blues, Spencer, 
 Flora Norton Spencer, and Tennant Spencer. The varieties Aurora 
 Spencer, Asta Ohn Spencer, Beatrice Spencer, King Edward Spencer, 
 Mrs. Routzahn S])encer, Mrs. Sankey Spencer, Ramona Spencer. Queen 
 Victoria Spencer, and Lo\'ely Spencer were catalogued by Burpee and by 
 Morse for the first time in this year. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 693 
 
 Miriam Beaver, Marie Corelli, Senator Spencer, and W. T. Hutchins 
 were introduced in igio by Messrs. Burpee and Morse. 
 
 The igii introductions include Dainty Spencer, Ethel Roosevelt, Rose 
 de Barri, Purple Prince Spencer, America Spencer, and Emily Eckford 
 Spencer. 
 
 Truly a long list. Among them are some of the finest varieties of 
 sweet peas yet introduced, which indicates that the American growers can 
 equal those of any country in the world. The cupid, or dwarf, pea, the 
 bush and the winter-flowering types, all distinct in habits of growth, were 
 first discovered on this side of the Atlantic. Since the introduction of 
 Countess Spencer many excellent varieties of waved form have been 
 developed, and this work of crossing and selecting is going steadily for- 
 ward. Judging from the record made by the very small numbei- of Ameri- 
 can breeders, what would America accomplish if she had even one half 
 the number of English producers ! 
 
 EVOLUTION 
 
 During the first one hundred years of the history of the sweet pea, 
 only three varieties, or colors, were known — purple with blue wings, pale 
 red with white wings (Painted Lady), and white. The black and the 
 scarlet appeared in the last years of the eighteenth century. It is quite 
 probable that the scarlet v^^as very far from what we to-day conceive that 
 a scarlet sweet pea should be. In Martyn's edition of Miller's Garden- 
 ers Dictionary, 1807, we find the white, the Old Painted Lady, the New 
 Painted Lady (the latter with a rose-colored standard and pale rose wings), 
 the Old Purple, and a variety having a violet keel and wings and a purple 
 standard. Sayers describes the scarlet sweet pea as Lathyrus flore rosea, 
 while the Painted Lady is described as " fleshed " color. From this it 
 may be concluded that the New Painted Lady, a rose-colored variety, was 
 sometimes called scarlet. 
 
 The first of the striped varieties was oftered in 1837, and since that 
 date this group has been augmented until the classification now includes 
 Striped and Flaked (red and rose, purple and blue). This classification, 
 however, does not express the real range of color in this group, for we have 
 crimson stripes, as in America; red and rose stripes on white, in Aurora; 
 red and rose stripes on primrose, in Jessie Cuthbertson; mauve stripes, in 
 Gaiety; blue stripes, in Prince Olaf and Hester; maroon-flaked, as in 
 Senator. The Am.erican growers have introduced the majority of the 
 best varieties of this group, among which are America, Aurora, Columbia, 
 Daybreak, Grey Friar, Juanita, Pink Friar, Ramona, and Wawona. Many 
 of these are now procurable in the waved form. 
 
694 Bulletin ,^20 
 
 The variety Blue Edj^ed, the probable forerunner of the picotec forms, 
 appeared in i860. This was a white variety with a well-defined blue 
 edge, a possible hybrid between L. Magellanicus and a white variety of 
 L. odoratus. The variety, at all events, was the first to exhibit a distinct 
 blue color among sweet peas. Later it was known as Blue Hybrid, under 
 which name it won an award from the Royal Horticultural Society. Sutton 
 & Son sent out Butterfly* in 1878, which somewhat resembled Blue 
 Edged. The so-called " blues " that followed were Invincible Blue, 
 Madame Carnot or Imperial Blue, and Captain of the Blues, all of which 
 had considerable red in the standard. It was not until 1899 that a good 
 blue appeared, in Navy Blue (Lord Nelson). 
 
 The first of the soft pink varieties was Crown Princess of Prussia, 
 1 868-1 869, Isa Eckford, Peach Blossom, and Lovely are the improved 
 varieties of this color. 
 
 The efforts of the breeders of sweet peas ha\^e not all been directed 
 toward the development of new shades of color; the form of the flower, 
 also, has received attention. The earliest representations of sweet pea 
 flowers show a loose, irregular bloom, with the edges of the standard 
 turned back, that is, rcflcxcd. Often, if not always, the standard had 
 a notch in the apex and frequently in the margin. The standard, which 
 is the principal part of the flower, has been impro\^ed in substance and 
 the notches have been eliminated. The old type had a narrow base, 
 and with the improvement noted has come a filling-out of the lower edges 
 of the standard so that the outline approaches a circle. 
 
 In the efforts to produce varieties of the best expanded, or open, form, 
 many beautiful hooded varieties were originated. While this form was 
 condemned as inartistic by many sweet pea specialists, it nevertheless re- 
 ceived a permanent place. Prima Donna, Lovely, and Countess of 
 Radnor are of this form. 
 
 When many persons had reached the conclusion that no further advances 
 in either form or size were to be expected, and that the efforts of future 
 breeders would be directed toward securing new colors and more flowers 
 on a stem. Nature dem.onstrated that she had other surprises in store. 
 In 1 90 1 the Countess Spencer variety was exhibited and caused a consider- 
 able sensation. The National Sweet Pea Society awarded it the highest 
 honors. This variety was distinct from all preceding introductions 
 because the standards and wings were waved. The flowers were very 
 large and were borne in fours on stout stems. The variety was intro- 
 duced in 1904. 
 
 The parentage of this variety has been given as (Lovely x Triumph 
 X Prima Donna 1899. However, there appeared in 1905 a variety 
 
 ♦See color plate in The Garden, 13 (1878), p. 44. 
 
Ph 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 695 
 
 named Glach'S Unwin, which has the same color but is smaller and less 
 waved than Countess Spencer and which was a selection from Prima 
 Donna without known crossing having been effected. These varieties, 
 however, were forerunners of the new type which revolutionized sweet 
 pea culture in England and has revived and qmckened the interest in 
 America. 
 
 POLLINATION 
 
 We have previously noted that the pistil and stamens are enclosed 
 by the partial coalescing of the two lower petals. A very slight pressure 
 on the base of the keel will cause the pistil to appear suddenly in the 
 tip of the keel; the stigmatic surface is usually covered with pollen. At 
 the same time the stamens appear to view. If the pressure is released 
 these organs disappear as suddenly from view. 
 
 Those who are looking for flower adaptations for the promotion of 
 cross-fertilization would say at once that here we have a mechanism that 
 is operated by the weight of a bee alighting on the keel; the pistil and 
 stamens rise up, striking the bee on the body and receiving and giving 
 pollen. Thus, as the insect visits flower after flower, natural cross-fer- 
 tilization is brought about. 
 
 This, however, is not the case. In the first place, if we examine flowers 
 in the bud stage we find the pollen ripe. The position and condition 
 of the stigma change, for before the maturation of the pollen the stigma 
 is below the anthers. A day or two later the stigma has risen to a position 
 among the anthers and is viscid enough to hold the pollen grains. In 
 another day or two it has grown beyond the anthers. Self-fertilization 
 has taken place and the development of the legume has begun. This 
 process has taken place before the flower is fully open. Sometime later 
 the pistil is pushed out of the protecting keel by the developing pod. 
 
 Such is the normal fertilization of sweet peas, as observed on examina- 
 tion of the flowers. Attention has been called to the fact that the sweet 
 pea stood practically still for one hundred years, and the question has 
 been asked how this can be reconciled with natural cross-fertiHzation. 
 
 During the writer's experience in the field each season for three months 
 studying varieties and recording observations, not a single instance occurred 
 of a bee alighting on the keel of the flower, nor were any bees observed 
 crawling between the wings. All the bees observed visiting the flowers 
 alighted on the outside of the wings and, in practically every case, thrust 
 the proboscis down between the right wing and the standard. In this 
 connection it may be mentioned that the bees did pot show a preference 
 for any particular color, but flew from row to row and from color section 
 to color section. 
 
696 Bulletin 320 
 
 T. H. Dipnall has observed that bees attack sweet pea flowers. The 
 bee (a ycllow-and-white-banded species) alights on the calyx, crawls 
 around it to a certain position, and cuts a hole through the calyx so that 
 it can thrust its proboscis through and suck the nectar at the base of 
 the pod. The reason is not clear why the insect prefers one side of the 
 flower, since the structure is similar on both sides. 
 
 It is to be remembered in this discussion that sweet peas under glass 
 in ^vinter are not visited by bees, but every flower will set seed in sunny 
 weather if the blooms are not kept cut. 
 
 Since the introduction of the waved type there has been much discussion 
 about the diffleulty in fixing varieties and the reasons for it. Some growers, 
 having secured what was to all indications a fixed stock, have discovered, 
 after sending it out, that it was not fixed. Some of these growers thought 
 that this occurred only when the novelty was sent to California for working 
 up a large stock of seed, or after it had passed into the hands of the Cali- 
 fornia growers. One of the theories advanced to explain this was that 
 a certain insect in California was responsible for some cross-pollination 
 of flowers. In the trials at this station during the past season no difterence 
 was observed between English or American- grown stock, since we had 
 seeds of novelties direct from the originators and our varieties were from 
 the introducers. 
 
 Other growers say that bees visit the flowers, and they believe that 
 crossing takes place in the waved type, which, it is maintained, does not 
 produce nonnal flowers in that the pistil sometimes projects beyond 
 the keel. It appears that, if this view is coiTcct, the poor seedling of 
 the waved type would not occur, or at least that the worse the fault of 
 the flowers, the greater the crop of seed. Thus, the varieties that seeded 
 freely would become cheap and drive out the others. The writer thinks 
 that the results obtained by the seed growers contradict the theory. It 
 appears that the poor setting of seed ma}^ be due to the fact that the pistil 
 may grow out beyond the anthers before the latter are mature, and thus 
 fertilization can be prevented by irregular development of the parts; 
 otherwise, the pollen may be impotent in some varieties, but this does 
 not occur so far as the writer has studied the reports of the sweet pea 
 breeders. The writer did not observe any pistils showing the defect 
 mentioned, but as the season here was very dry the plants did not make 
 an exceptional growth which would be likely to express itself in abnomial 
 flowers exhibiting the pistil. However, it was observed that some vari- 
 eties seeded more freely than others. Most of the varieties were planted 
 here in 191 1 from seeds saved in 19 10 and, knowing those that were 
 fixed the previous year as well as those with rogues of certain colors, 
 it is thought that some light may come on this matter of cross-fertil- 
 ization, if there be any, in the sweet pea. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 697 
 
 DWARF sweet PEAS 
 
 The dwarf, or cupid, sweet peas are varieties that grow only five to 
 eight inches high, with a spread of twelve to fifteen inches in diameter. 
 The prociimbent stems are stout, vigorous, short, jointed, and freely 
 branching. The foliage is a deep green. The leaflets are small and the 
 tendrils short. The flowers, which are of the size of those of the tall 
 varieties, are borne, two or three in niomber, on short stems three or four 
 inches in length. 
 
 The dwarfing has been accomplished by an extreme reduction in length 
 of the intemodes, for an examination of the plants reveals the fact that 
 they have as many intemodes as, or more than, the tall type. 
 
 The cupid sweet peas originated in 1893 at Santa Clara, Cal., on the 
 grounds of C. C. Morse & Co., the largest growers of sweet pea seed. 
 The plant was found growing among plants of the tall-growing variety, 
 Emily Henderson. Naturally, this remarkable sport was preserved 
 and its dwarf character proved to be so fixed that it is recorded that when 
 Messrs. Morse grew seven acres of this novelty, in 1895, none of the plants 
 reverted to the normal climbing type. 
 
 W. Atlee Burpee purchased the variety in 1894 and had it grown in 
 England by James Douglas, where in June, 1895, it was exhibited before 
 the Royal Horticiiltural Society and was given, by unanimous vote of 
 the committee, an award of merit. The same year it was given an award 
 of merit by the National Horticultural Society of France. 
 
 In Burpee's circular to the trade, July, 1895, this white-flowered variety 
 was described It is a singular fact that but for this trade announcement 
 a similar dwarf form would have been offered by Ernest Benary, of Erfurt, 
 Germany, in 1896 or 1897, probably under the name of Tom Thumb 
 White. It was such a complete description of his variety that the simi- 
 larity was recognized and Mr. Benary published in his catalog the name 
 of his novelty as a synonym of Cupid, thus preventing confusion. 
 
 In 1895 a similar dwarf appeared on the grounds of Henry Eckford at 
 Wem, England. There is also some evidence that a similar form was 
 found in 1895 among plants of the Old White grown in southern France. 
 
 This remarkable instance of synchronistic variation appeared in three 
 or four widely separated localities within a period of two years. Singularly 
 enough, so far as known, all these dwarfs had white flowers and white 
 seeds and developed among white varieties.* 
 
 This novelty attracted considerable attention everywhere, especially 
 among sweet pea lovers, and was offered to the public in i8q6. Un- 
 fortunately Cupid, afterward known as White Cupid, the forerunner of 
 
 * A notable and somewhat similar case was the appearance of the dwarf lima beans, but here we find 
 the origin extending over a period of twenty years and the varieties are simultaneous only in the date 
 of introduction. Moreover, we have very distinct varieties originating from very distinct climbing vari- 
 eties of lima beans of two species. 
 
69S Bulletin 320 
 
 the race, was white- seeded like the jsarent and gemiinated very poorly, 
 especially the year of its introduction. It appears that even among 
 white-seeded peas this is ]jrobably the most sensitive to unfavorable 
 conditions during gemiination. 
 
 Pink Cupid was disco\'ered among plants of Blanche Ferry in 1895 and 
 was introduced by Burpee in 1898. Burpee had purchased the stock of 
 1,068 seeds, for which he reported paying the sum of $1 ,500 — probably 
 the largest sum ever paid for a new variety of sweet jjeas. This variety 
 was similar to Blanche Ferry in all characteristics except its dwarf 
 habit. 
 
 A yellow sport found among White Cupid was introduced by Burpee 
 in 1899 as Primrose Cupid. 
 
 During the seven years following the introduction of the original Cupid 
 sweet pea a great number of varieties appeared, reproducing all the known 
 colors and types of the tall-growing varieties. " Several of our best 
 Cupids," says Morse, " were found originally in the tall varieties but the 
 majority were developed by crossing."* 
 
 Laxton Brothers, of Bedford, England, began crossing upon Cupid soon 
 after its introduction, and at the bicentenary celebration in 1900 it was 
 reported that this firm had dwarf counterparts of Purple, Dark Blue 
 Striped, Captain Clarke, Rose, Light Blue Striped, Invincible Blue, 
 Invincible Carmine, Invincible Red, Invincible Black, Sultan, Rising Sun, 
 Boreatton, Princess Beatrice, Princess May, Princess of Wales, Etna, 
 Vesuvius, Indigo King, Pale Madame Carnot, Waverly, Primrose, Carmine 
 Striped, and Countess of Radnor. 
 
 It will be noticed that many of these were representatives of tall varie- 
 ties that were obsolete or were passing out, and of course were not equal 
 to such varieties of Cu])id as Beauty, Alice Eckford, and Firefly, which 
 had been introduced by that time. 
 
 Varieties of cupid sweet peas 
 
 White, or " Cupid," 1896 
 
 Pink, 1898 
 
 Alice Eckford, 1899 
 
 Beauty, 1899. Similar to Eliza Eckford 
 
 Primrose, 1899 
 
 Boreatton, 1900 
 
 Countess of Radnor, 1900 
 
 Firefly, 1900 
 
 Apple Blossom, 1901 
 
 * Waldo E. Rohnert reports the results of crossing the tall varieties upon the Cupid sweet pea in Bulletin 
 127 (1897), Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. 
 
Bulletin 320 
 
 Plate III 
 
 Dwarf siueet peas 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 699 
 
 Captain of the Blues, 1901 
 
 Chamberlain, 1901. Similar to Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain 
 
 Royalty, 1901. A dark Royal Rose 
 
 Stella Morse, 1901 
 
 America, 1902 
 
 Her Majesty, 1902 
 
 Lottie Eckford, 1902 
 
 Bridesmaid, 1903 
 
 Enchantress, 1903. A dark Lovely 
 
 Mauve Queen, 1903 
 
 Extra Early Blanche Ferry, 1903 
 
 Sadie Burpee, 1903 
 
 Lady Mary Currie, 1904 
 
 Prima Donna, 1904 
 
 Prince of Wales, 1904 
 
 Salopian, 1904 
 
 Emily Eckford 
 
 Lovely 
 
 Navy Blue 
 
 Waverly 
 
 Ovid 
 
 Ramona 
 
 Unpopularity oj the type 
 
 The cupid sweet peas have never been very popular for several reasons. 
 Many persons apparently expected this dw^arf type to furnish long-stemmed 
 blossoms for cutting, thus relieving them of the necessity of providing 
 supports for the plants. The short stems of this type were therefore 
 a disappointment to such persons and they unhesitatingly condemned it 
 for any purpose. In answer to the claims m.ade that the plant was adapted 
 for use as an edging or for bedding, it was urged that the blooming period 
 was too short — not allowing for the fact that the dwarf type behaves 
 similarly to the tall type and ceases to bloom if the pods are not removed. 
 For no other reason this sweet pea has been ignored by many seedsmen, 
 while some inferior trailing plants are still offered in their catalogs. The 
 dwarf sweet pea has the advantage of many border plants in its great 
 variety of colors. 
 
 In part the unpopularity of the plant has been due to the fact that 
 the White Cupid did not germinate very successfully, especially the first 
 year of its introduction, thus affecting the popularity of this whole race. 
 The black-seeded varieties give a high percentage of germination, so that 
 poor germination is not an inherent fault of the race. 
 
700 Bulletin 320 
 
 The dense foliage and growth of the plants make a thick carpet over 
 the surface of the ground, and in a wet season the result is usually failure. 
 The flower buds drop off and the plants do not thrive even if they do 
 not become subject to disease. The foregoing reasons explain why this 
 type has not been very successful in English gardens. 
 
 In California, where the summers are long and dry, the cupid sweet 
 peas thrive. During hot, dry summers in the Eastern States, when the 
 tall varieties are subjected to very trying conditions, the cupid sweet 
 peas grow and bloom abundantly. In 19 10, ten 20-foot rows of different 
 varieties of the dwarf type were grown at this station. When the tall 
 kinds were having a struggle with the drought under a temperatm-e of 
 ninety degrees or more, the cupids, in the highest and driest position in 
 the field, grew and blossomed profusely. They were admired by all who 
 saw them and many questions were asked as to what they were, whether 
 they were of recent introduction (new), and where they could be 
 obtained. 
 
 The conditions necessary for the successful culture of the dwarf sweet 
 peas appear to be a rather dry, moderately rich soil, a dry, hot season, 
 good cultivation, and prompt removal of the withered flowers and pods. 
 The seed may be sown in single rows, twin rows, or scattered in a broad 
 drill ten or twelve inches in width. For the purposes mentioned the 
 distinct colors are preferred. Among the best varieties are White, Pink 
 (Blanche Ferry Cupid), Countess of Radnor, and Prima Donna. 
 
 GARDEN CULTURE OF THE SWEET PEA 
 
 The soil 
 
 Site. — An open, sunny location should be chosen, so as to provide 
 plenty of light and air. Plants grown in too shady a position are weak 
 and spindling in growth, i^roducing few flowers. A little shade from the 
 scorching, midday suns of July and August is desirable, especially for 
 preserving certain colors. 
 
 Any ordinary garden soil is suitable for sweet peas, provided it is 
 sufficiently drained so that in periods of excessive rains the water will 
 not lie on the surface, causing the plants to become yellow and the roots 
 to decay, or starting mildew. vSoil stiitable for the growing of vegetables 
 will give fairly good results, but extra care in the selection and preparation 
 of the soil will be repaid in larger flowers, longer stems, better colors, and 
 a longer blooming period. 
 
 Preparation. — The sweet pea is a deep-rooting plant, and in order to 
 provide suitable conditions so that the effects of drought are overcome 
 the preparation must be dec]j and thorough. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 701 
 
 Whatever the soil, unquestionably the best preparation is made by 
 trenching the soil in the autumn.* When, owing to expense, the soil 
 cannot be completely trenched, practically the same result may be accom- 
 plished by digging a trench fifteen inches wide for each row. The soil 
 should be broken up to a depth of fifteen inches to two feet, and on some 
 soils even deeper. Unless the soil is very unifomi in composition, it is 
 disastrous to bring the bottoin soil to the surface; but this should be 
 turned over in the trench, mixing with it, if heavy and compact, rather 
 coarse stable manure or litter. Sometimes leaves are available for placing 
 in the bottom of the trench. The use of these materials in subsoil pro- 
 motes drainage, as well as improves the soil. 
 
 If a good layer (four inches) of half-rotted stable or cow manure is 
 placed between the top and bottom spadefuls, and the top soil, if heavy, 
 made light with old manure, an excellent preparation has been made. 
 The office of the manure is not only to increase the store of plant food, 
 but also to increase the water-holding power. 
 
 Bone meal, applied at the rate of one ounce per yard of trench, is 
 essential. 
 
 A good dusting of air-slaked lime applied while working the soil in the 
 autumn is very beneficial. Many soils that have been cultivated for 
 a long time are acid, so that legimiinous plants, such as clover or sweet 
 peas, will not grow, or, at least, do not thrive. Lime corrects tliis acid 
 condition and, furthermore, it releases plant food that would not other- 
 wise be available in soils which are not acid. Clay soils are made more 
 open and porous by the use of lime. 
 
 Deep preparation not only promotes available fertility, but also increases 
 the area in which moisture and nourishment may be found, and the plant 
 responds by sending feeding roots in all directions. 
 
 While it must not be inferred that sweet peas can be grown only in 
 deeply trenched and prepared soils, it is true that only under exceptional 
 conditions are the results satisfactory when this is not done. Uniformly, 
 year after year, the sweet peas with the strongest root systems will pro- 
 duce the finest flowers during the longest period. 
 
 The seed 
 
 Some white-flowered varieties have white or light-colored seeds, and 
 some have black seeds. The white seeds often give trouble by rotting 
 in the soil — especially if planted early when the soil is cold — or because 
 their germinating power has been impaired; also they frequently split 
 in the pod before harv^esting and in this condition are likely soon to lose 
 
 * The texture of clay soils is sensibly altered when fall-plowed or stirred and exposed to the action of 
 frost. 
 
702 Bulletin 320 
 
 their vitality. For the forej^oing reasons it is advisable to sow seeds of 
 this color rather thicker than, or not so deep as, the black-seeded varieties. 
 
 In some seasons, sweet pea seeds are slow in germinating. It is well 
 to examine such seeds in order to ascertain their condition. If the seeds 
 are found dormant but still fresh and plump, the seed coats should be 
 cut with a sharp knife and replanted, when they will germinate well. 
 This difficulty is not confined to the sweet pea, but some of the other 
 Lathyri behave similarly. The trouble usually follows a very hot, dry 
 season, when the seed becomes so excessively ripened as to render the seed 
 coat impervious to water. Sometimes, in order to expedite germination, 
 the seeds are soaked ; a better method for the amateur is that recommended 
 by Mr. Hutchins, the most prolific writer on sweet peas in America, who 
 places the seed packets in moist earth for seven or eight days, then takes 
 them out and examines them. The swollen seeds are planted and the 
 others cut with a knife. 
 
 Planting 
 
 Fall planting. — In the season under discussion, the finest and the 
 earliest flowers were seciired from plantings made in the fall. The prepa- 
 ration of the soil is the same as that already described, except that the 
 soil is firmed and the trench filled level. On this a trench, or furrow, two 
 inches deep is made, and the peas are planted at least as close as one 
 seed every two inches. The row should be slightly ridged up so as to 
 prevent water from standing and, as stated in the beginning, it is essential 
 that the location be on a well-drained site. When the ground freezes, 
 a mulch of manure is placed over the row. In the spring when the bright 
 weather comes, the plants should be examined in order to see whether 
 they are growing or whether the soil is soggy and cold. In either case, 
 the mulch should be removed from over the row, and should be left in 
 the center so that, in case any weather should come when the safety of 
 the plants is at all endangered, the old mulch may easily be applied to 
 protect them. 
 
 The seed of the standard varieties of sweet peas is cheap, and the advan- 
 tage gained in obtaining early flowers, if the plants survive the winter, 
 is worth the effort. 
 
 Spring planting. — As soon as the frost is out of the ground and the soil 
 in workable condition in the spring, a heavy application of superphos- 
 phate of lime should be made and raked in. Care should be exercised 
 not to get the soil too loose, and for this reason it is best to confine all 
 stirring of the soil to smoothing the surface. Especially is this true with 
 light soils, which, if stirred deeply in the spring, must be well firmed. 
 Heavy soils that are likely to bake may be improved by working in a 
 light dressing of old, thoroughly rotted manure. 
 
fq 
 
 S 
 
 t-. 
 
 ■a, 
 Co 
 
 U 
 
Ph 
 
 pq 
 
 
 to 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 
 
 703 
 
 Sweet peas should be sown just as early in the spring as the soil is dry- 
 enough to work, even though it be certain that heavy frosts may follow. 
 
 The writer thinks that one reason why even the most inexperienced 
 amatevir usually has so good average results with sweet peas, is that 
 when this individual gets his amiual ' ' violent attack of gardening fever ' ' 
 in early spring, he begins his operations at just the right time for sweet 
 peas to go into the ground. 
 
 An essential requirement in growing sweet peas is to plant early, while 
 the atmospheric conditions are such as to prevent top growth until the 
 plant has started a vigorous root development. The result is that, when 
 wanner weather comes, the top grows strong and heavy, the plant branches 
 out, and throughout the season this increased vigor is seen. Experiments 
 made by sowing seeds every ten days from, the earliest practicable date 
 until the end of May show this result conclusively. 
 
 Depth. — If the preparation of the soil has been made in the fall, it 
 is best only to smooth the surface of the trench and plant in this. When 
 the preparation has been made in the spring the soil must not be left 
 too loose — a condition that may easily occur if a deep trench is made 
 and only loosely filled with soil and manure. 
 
 One method recommended is to hollow out a broad trench, twenty- 
 four to thirty inches wide and two inches deep, and then sow the seed 
 one inch deep in single or double rows. The trench should be kept open 
 for six weeks in order to retain the water. This system is very good in 
 a garden where all cultivation is given by hand ; but where many rows are 
 grown and cultivation is done with a horse and cultivator, it is mani- 
 festly impossible to make or to maintain such a trench. Furthermore, 
 when horse cultivation is to be used there would be difficulty in keeping 
 the young plants, if planted below the surface, from being covered diu-ing 
 the early cultivations. Therefore, planting on the level is necessary in 
 field culture. It is advisable, however, in garden culture, to plant so 
 that when covered the row will be two inches below the ordinary level. 
 
 Shall the planting be in single drills, broad drills, or double rows or 
 drills? It matters little, provided sufficient room is allowed for the grow- 
 ing plants. 
 
 Amount 0} seed. — The latest American book advises sowing one ounce 
 of seed to a fifteen-foot row, and later thinning the plants to six inches 
 apart. Now let us see what this means. Since an ounce of seed contains 
 three hundred to three hundred and sixty seeds, if in a single drill the 
 seeds will be thi*ee fifths to one half inch apart. If only seventy-five 
 per cent of the seed grew (which is a very low estimate) , one hundred and 
 ninety-fi\-e to two hundred and forty of the seedlings must be removed 
 in thinning to the distance given. In other words, the author of the 
 
704 
 
 Bulletin 320 
 
 above-mentioned book advises planting ten to twelve seeds in order to 
 j^et one plant, or leaving about ten per cent of the seed to grow. In the 
 plantings at this station, one hundred seeds, except when doubtful, were 
 sown to a twenty-foot row, or one seed every two inches, and this is heavy 
 seeding. Under the latter system an ounce will plant fifty to sixty feet 
 of row and, if the seed is good, it should plant still more. 
 
 Fig. 184. — The double-rozv method of planting 
 
 Sowing in pots for outdoor bloom. — Many English growers practice 
 sowing in pots under glass, hardening the plants in frames, and planting 
 out. From the writer's experience wdth three varieties during the year 
 under discussion, he is incHned to look on this method wth fa\'or, especially 
 in growing high-priced novelties or varieties for exhibition In fact, 
 if the results of experience and observation at this station in 19 10 are to be 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 
 
 705 
 
 relied on, it \\ould appear that the successful exhibitors of the future 
 will obtain their flowers from fall-sown or pot-grown plants. 
 
 Fig. 185. — Sweet peas started in pots 
 
 In order to secure suitable plants, six seeds should be sown in four- 
 inch pots, using light, rich soil. The best time to sow sweet peas in this 
 manner is in March. When the plants are two or three inches high they 
 
7o6 
 
 Bulletin 320 
 
 should be given supports of short twigs and placed in a cold frame. Here 
 they should be given plenty of air at every opporttuiity, in order to secure 
 a short, sturdy growth. If the plants do not catch hold fimily, they 
 may be tied with rafha. When spring begins and the soil is in good con- 
 dition, the pots m.ay be planted in the open, one foot aj^art in a single 
 row or two feet apart in a double row. In the latter case, the plants 
 alternate as shown below: 
 
 Fig. 186. — Sweet peas transplanted from pots 
 
 Supports 
 
 Sticks. — Among English sweet pea growers there is considerable una- 
 nimity of opinion that sticks fonn the best support for sweet peas. The 
 replies of fifty-two leading experts, published in the Sweet Pea Annual 
 for 1907, show that forty-three growers favor sticks (generally hazel 
 sticks), five fa\'or wire netting, two favor either sticks or wire netting — 
 and, if the netting is new, paint it — one prefers sticks and string, and 
 the remaining one, a correspondent from British Columbia, uses telephone 
 wire and string. 
 
 In this country, where good twiggy boughs can be obtained, such boughs 
 unquestionably fonn the best support to use since they are the most natural. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 707 
 
 In many places birches can be obtained in lengths of twelve to fourteen 
 feet. These may be prepared in the lengths desired. 
 
 How tall should the support be? The grower is the one to detennine 
 that. If the soil has been prepared properly and the plants look strong, 
 and if the grower sees that the plants are watered and given every care, 
 then the support should be six feet high. If the soil is only moderately 
 fertile or has not been deeply prepared, or if the grower does not intend 
 to keep all seed pods picked off or cannot water the plants in order to over- 
 come drought, the support should be kept down to four feet. The variety 
 has something to do with the height of the support, whatever the care 
 bestowed, some varieties being naturally dwarf er growers. 
 
 The sticks should be cut in late winter or \'ery early spring, so that 
 they are stiU rather green and tough enough to bear the load until the end 
 of the season. They should be inserted in the soil at least a foot, because 
 when clothed with vines to a height of six feet a strong windstomi exerts 
 a tremendous le\'erage on them. Unless the sticks have been inserted 
 deeply, or if they ha\-e become too dead and brittle, the row will go down 
 under the force of the wind and the great weight of the wet vines. In 
 order to guard against disaster, strong stakes are sometimes placed every 
 ten feet and wire is run lengthwise through the sticks and fastened to 
 the stakes. It is desirable to have the sticks bushy at the top, so that 
 they spread out more than at the base; if not naturally so, leaning the 
 sticks alternately outward will produce this result. This gives greater 
 freedom for the vines when in flower. 
 
 After the sticks are inserted, a better effect is produced if the tops 
 are clipped to a le\-el and straggUng ends are cut back. If the sticks 
 are not " feathered " sufficiently at the base for the plants to get started 
 up on them, the cHppings from the tops may be inserted between the tall 
 sticks. Some growers make a practice — and it is a good one — of provid- 
 ing a light support when the plants are one to three inches high, and later 
 placing the tall sticks. For the light support they often use old 
 raspberry canes or the old stems of our wild aster — in fact, anything 
 of a light, mmch branching character. This affords protection from high 
 winds when the plants are small. 
 
 Netting. — When other systems of supporting are to be employed it 
 is quite imperative to pro\4de a support of small, short twigs as soon as 
 the seedlings begin to produce tendrils. This method prevents the rain 
 from beating the small plants down, and enables them to get up to the 
 other support. In city gardens, owing to the difficulty in procuring 
 suitable sticks, wire netting makes a very satisfactory support. The 
 peas do not cling to it so well but it is cleaner and neater in appearance, 
 which is a compensating advantage. The large mesh, four-inch, is pref- 
 
yoS Bulletin 320 
 
 erable, but in many places this is not procurable and the ordinary chicken 
 netting, or fence, is used instead. Strong stakes at intervals not to exceed 
 ten feet are used to support the netting. One advantage of wire netting 
 is that if stakes six feet high are used, a forty-two- or forty-eight-inch 
 strip of netting may be placed in position, and, if the season or soil is 
 favorable and the peas grow above this, a narrow strip of netting may be 
 added or a string or wire stretched from stake to stake over the row. 
 A well-galvanized netting can be used repeatedly for several years, and 
 will last longer if taken off in the fall and stored. 
 
 String. — Another method is to construct a sup]3ort of wire and string, 
 or of string alone. The ingenious grower can construct all sorts of fanci- 
 ful designs with wire and string on posts set not over ten feet apart. 
 Sometimes a wooden strip is nailed horizontally at the top and bottom, 
 but often a wire is used instead. From bottom to top, between these 
 horizontal strips or wires, a homemade network can be made. When the 
 peas are grown in double drills, the construction described above is made 
 on each side in box-like form. 
 
 When sweet peas are grown in single drills especially on a considerable 
 scale, the best and cheapest support is one made by placing stakes at 
 intervals under ten feet, and winding strong cord around the row from 
 stake to stake. The strings are placed six to eight inches apart, or 
 closer if necessary. If the stakes are too far apart — ten feet or more — 
 the string will stretch after becoming wet or even dainp, and the plants 
 will fall over. If appearance is not an object anything will serve for 
 stakes, as tailings from the mills, poles, and the like. When neat stakes 
 are driven in the row this method is very good in the garden as the 
 vines cling to the string better than to wire netting, which becomes hot; 
 also, the supports when string is used may be made as tall as needful for 
 the peas. Thus there are only the tops of stakes showing above a row 
 of short vines, in place of a row of uncovered netting. At the end of the 
 season, if the stakes are worthless the whole support, as well as the 
 sticks, can be burned. 
 
 Sweet peas are sometimes grown in clumps and must be supported. 
 Here again sticks are often favored, especially where the plants occupy, 
 a circle six or more feet in circumference. Wire netting cut in suitable 
 lengths may be made into cylinders for cluinps of any size. 
 
 Other methods. — Henry Eckford advertises a sweet pea support con- 
 sisting of four stakes, each in two pieces three feet long. These are placed 
 ninety degrees apart around a circle and three-foot netting is stretched 
 around them. When the peas reach the top, if greater height is needed 
 the upper half of each stake is fitted by means of a mortise into the top 
 of the one already driven and another strip of netting is put on. 
 
Bulletin 320 
 
 Plate VI 
 
 Sweet peas on wire netting 
 
15i i.i.i;ii\ 320 
 
 Plate VII 
 
 Sweet peas grown in ( lumps 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 709 
 
 An English seedsman advertises sweet pea ladders for use in training 
 the vines in garden decoration. The ladders are made six feet long and 
 six inches wide. They are used perpendicularly, the tops being fastened 
 to a horizontal wire. Two rows are supported by leaning the tops together 
 and fastening them to an overhead horizontal wire. Plants grown in 
 circles may be brought together in the center at the top, where the ladders 
 are fastened to a center stake. Sweet pea arches are sometimes made. 
 These, of course, should never be over six feet high or they would seldom 
 be covered. 
 
 Now the ladders can be easily made with two No. 10 galvanized wires, 
 rose stakes of the proper length, and some smaller wire for the rungs 
 or cross wires. The arches can also be made complete, if desired, by 
 merely making the ladder long enough and bending it into the fonn of 
 an arch. 
 
 Cultivation 
 
 Tillage, watering, and mulching. — Frequent cultivation should be 
 the rule in growing sweet peas. A very liberal use of the hoe or the cul- 
 tivator in maintaining a loose, shallow surface mulch is imperative for 
 success. Proper preparation of the soil, coupled with such treatment, will 
 do much to obviate the necessity of watenng. 
 
 Watering should not be begun until it is absolutely necessary in order 
 to prevent the plants from suffering. When necessary the applications 
 should be thorough, and in very dry periods at least two or three timies 
 a week. 
 
 A mvdch of thoroughly rotted manure around the plants will alone 
 lessen the effects of drought, and will also prevent too rapid loss of water 
 when it is applied. 
 
 Dispodding. — In order to have fine flowers and a long succession of 
 bloom, it is infinitely more necessary to keep the seed pods rigorously 
 picked off than it is to cultivate, mulch, or water. The latter operations 
 go for naught unless the pods are picked off. The writer thoroughly 
 believes that the importance of watering has been overemphasized and 
 that too many amateurs prefer to use the hose rather than to pick pods; 
 then they assert that the sweet pea is not what it used to be, that it has 
 lost constitution, and the like. Of course, the more highly developed 
 the variety, the less certain it is to bear up under neglect. There were 
 on the trial grounds at this station in igio some of the oldest varieties, 
 introduced from 1865 to 1890, then the latest hooded and grandifloras, 
 and finally the waved type. Although no pods were picked from the 
 first two types after July 20, there was a noticeable difference in the 
 flowering habit. The old varieties were continuously blooming profusely, 
 while the second class were sometimes completely destitute of flowers. 
 
7IO Bulletin 320 
 
 The same holds true with rcj^ard to len<^th of stem. Some plants of 
 Countess Spencer were treated likewise in order to note the effect, and 
 for them the season was over early in August. 
 
 The lesson is that if the grower does not intend to comply with the 
 requirements of the improved types, it is better to grow Butterfly, Captain 
 Clarke, Peach Blossom, and other small-flowered, ])recocious varieties. 
 
 Fertilizers. — After sweet peas are in full flower, fertilizers may be 
 applied. The best and safest fertilizer to use is liquid manure, diluted 
 to the color of weak tea and applied once a week. It is often advantageous 
 to alternate this with sulfate of ammonia or nitrate of soda at the rate 
 of one ounce to six gallons of water. The plant responds better usually, 
 to phosphorus than to nitrogen, and even potash is often beneficial. 
 Nitrate of potash and phosphate of potash dissoh-ed at the same rate as 
 the above-named fertilizers, is of the proper strength to api^ly. 
 
 Summary 
 
 The following quotation from George Stanton is a concise summary 
 of sweet pea culture: 
 
 " Sweet Pea Culture, condensed. — 12 words. Trench deeply; manure 
 liberally; plant thinly; stake quickly; water freely; dispod promptly." 
 
 INSECTS AND DISEASES 
 
 Insects 
 
 The most troublesome insects that attack sweet peas in the United 
 States are the red spider and the green plant louse. 
 
 The red spiders attack plants during hot, dry periods, when they are 
 to be found on the underside of the leaves. Usually they are not noticed 
 until they have become sufficiently abundant to cause considerable damage. 
 The experienced grower recognizes the favorable conditions for this insect 
 and begins syringing the plants in the evening, applying the water with 
 hose or spray pump so as to wet the lower surface of all the lea\'es. This 
 treatment will prevent serious attacks of the red spider. 
 
 The green fly, or green plant louse, while often present under other 
 climatic conditions, causes greater injury during weather favorable to 
 the red spider than at other times. This insect may be killed by the usi? 
 of tobacco extracts, dilute kerosene emulsion, or soap solution. Dusting 
 the plants with tobacco is sometimes practiced. 
 
 Nematodes, or eelworms, do not attack sweet peas planted outdoors 
 unless infested soil from the greenhouse is used around the plants. When 
 sowing seeds in pots under glass, the proper soil is that which has been 
 sterilized or thoroughly frozen. 
 
(^ 
 
m 
 
•^ 
 
 ^ 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 711 
 
 The cutworm. — In some seasons the cutworm is very destructive. The 
 preparation of the soil in autumn, with the winter freezing, tends to 
 eliminate this pest. The use of trap plants, such as lettuce, sown along- 
 side of sweet pea row^s has been suggested. Poisoned baits can sometimes 
 be used, but not so safely, so far as other animal life is concerned, as in 
 the greenhouse. The larva should be hunted down in its hiding place 
 and destroyed. An application of soot, air-slaked lime, or tobacco dust 
 has some value as a repellent. 
 
 Diseases 
 
 Powdery mildew. — Among the fungous diseases that attack sweet peas, 
 the powdery mildew (Erysiphe Polygoni DC.) is often found late in the 
 season, when the plants are almost through blooming. Sometimes the 
 disease appears earlier. In igio it appeared in August and proved very 
 serious on some varieties. The stems, leaves, and other parts of the plant 
 become covered with a white, powdery coating of the myceliiim and 
 summ.er spores. The disease may appear after a rain followed by very 
 cool nights and hot days. Spraying with potassium sulfid, or dusting 
 the plants with sulfur or with a mixture of lime and sulfur — two parts 
 of the form.er to one of the latter — will control the disease. 
 
 Pea spot (Ascophyta pisi) is a parasitic fungus attacking sweet peas in 
 England, and, while the writer does not know of its occurrence on sweet 
 peas in this country, the fact that it is known to attack garden peas here 
 is sufficient indication of danger. The disease causes round or angular 
 spots on the leaves and pods. The spots are one fourth inch or less in 
 diameter, usually with a narrow, but distinct, purple border. The use of 
 potassium sulfid or dilute bordeaux mixture is recommended. 
 
 Other diseases attacking sweet peas in England are pea blight (Perono- 
 spora trifolionum) , root rot (Thielavia basicola), and streak (apparently 
 a physiological trouble). 
 
 EXHIBITING sweet PEAS 
 
 The foundation for success in raising sweet peas for exhibition is laid 
 the previous autumn in the thorough preparation of the soil, followed by 
 a careful selection of varieties, thin planting, and very liberal culture. 
 In order that good flowers may be obtained for exhibition, it is best to 
 remove all flowers about a week before the exhibition date, and to allow 
 only the spikes with the longest stems to develop. The size of the flowers 
 may be increased at this time by the use of ammonia or nitrate of soda. 
 
 All varieties subject to scorch or scald should be shaded with cheese- 
 cloth or tiffany. If such varieties are planted together the shading may 
 be more easily accomplished. The varieties having orange in their color- 
 
712 Bulletin 320 
 
 ation — that is, Henry Eckford, St. Georj^c, and Helen Lewis — the salmon 
 varieties, and possibly some of the scarlets and blues, should be shaded 
 for four to six days previous to the time the flowers will be needed. The 
 shade should be so arranged that it can be removed at night. 
 
 The sweet peas having been well grown, with stems twelve to fifteen 
 inches long, the next consideration is the cutting of the flowers; for it is 
 one thing to grow good flowers, and quite another, but equally difficult, 
 to exhibit successfully. 
 
 Sweet pea flowers, especially for exhibition, should be cut while dry, 
 preferably in the morning or evening. The proper stage of development 
 will depend on the number of hours that must elapse before the judge 
 can pass upon the exhibit. Flowers cut the day before exhibiting should 
 be taken with the lower flowers open and the top one in bud. Those 
 with four flowers on a spike may be taken with the two lower flowers 
 open, the third flower opening, and the topmost one in the bud. The 
 flowers should be placed immediately in cool, hard water and left in a cool, 
 dark room or cellar until they are packed. Here they are left until the 
 latest moment consistent with their timely arrival at the exhibition hall, 
 not more than six or seven hours if possible. 
 
 When packing, the stems should be squeezed in order to remove sur- 
 plus water and then wrapped in a strip of oiled paper. Great care should 
 be exercised not to get water on the flowers. Each bunch should be 
 wrapped in tissue paper and the bunches packed firmly, but not so tightly 
 as to crush the flowers. 
 
 Everything possible should be done to insure the prompt arrival of 
 the flowers at the exhibition hall, when they should be unpacked without 
 delay. The flowers should be loosely arranged so that they may resume 
 their natural form after the journey. 
 
 The flowers having been put in water, the work of arranging the 
 exhibition vases should begin. George W. Kerr, an experienced exhibitor, 
 gives the following on the arrangement of the flowers: 
 
 " In staging the flowers never crowd them. Let every flower ' speak 
 for itself.' Twenty sprays make a nice vase, and the best method of 
 arranging them is to start by putting some grass (cut two inches long) 
 in the mouth of the vase, as this helps to keep the stems in position. Each 
 stem must be put in separately. Let every flower be seen as far as possible 
 and all face one way, with the exception of such varieties as have the back 
 of the standards tinted in coloring other than the ground color of the 
 flower, when the position of such might be judiciously varied. One or 
 two pieces of foliage — a little Gysophila — or light grass, such as Agrostis 
 ncublosa, might with advantage be used. But this should not be over- 
 done, and only if the rules allow of it. 
 
Culture of the Sweet Pea 71 j 
 
 " In staging a collection of twelve varieties, they should be stood in 
 three rows, the back rows being tiered eight or nine inches above the other, 
 and arrange the colors so that they do not clash. Even if the show 
 schedule does not ask for it, name each variety with a neat card placed 
 at the base of each vase." 
 
 Two very important points for the exhibitor to observe are: (i) follow 
 the rules as to the number of stems per vase and foliage allowed; (2) 
 see to it that the flowers are true to name. Varieties of distinct colors 
 should be used and those that are very nearly like others in the exhibit 
 excluded. Finally, in placing the vases, it is important not to lose sight 
 of the fact that a good color scheme is a great aid to success. 
 

 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Sweet-pea tests at Ithaca 217 
 
 Outdoor tests 219 
 
 Successive fall plantings 219 
 
 Successive spring plantings 220 
 
 Variety tests 221 
 
 Classification of varieties 224 
 
 Methods of description 225 
 
 Descriptions of varieties 229 
 
 Open-form varieties 229 
 
 Bicolor (Blanche Ferry group) 229 
 
 Bicolor (Miscellaneous group) 231 
 
 Blue and purple shades (Bright blue) 232 
 
 Blush 233 
 
 Carmine and rose (Carmine group) 235 
 
 Carmine and rose (Rose group) 236 
 
 Cream-pink 237 
 
 Crimson and scarlet (Crimson group) 238 
 
 Crimson and scarlet (Scarlet group) 239 
 
 Fancy 240 
 
 Lavender 240 
 
 Magenta-rose 241 
 
 Marbled 241 
 
 Maroon shades (Claret group) 241 
 
 Maroon shades (Maroon group) 242 
 
 Maroon shades (Maroon and violet group) 243 
 
 Mauve 244 
 
 Orange shades (Orange-pink group) 245 
 
 Orange shades (Orange-scarlet group) 245 
 
 Picotee edged (Lavender and mauve group) 246 
 
 Pink 247 
 
 Salmon shades 248 
 
 Striped and flaked (Orange-rose group) 249 
 
 Striped and flaked (Pink-on-primrose group) 249 
 
 Striped and flaked (Purple and blue group) 249 
 
 Striped red and rose (Crimson-on-white group) 250 
 
 Striped red and rose (Pink-on-white group) 251 
 
 White 252 
 
 Yellow shades 254 
 
 Hooded varieties 255 
 
 Bicolor 255 
 
 Blue and purple shades (Bright blue group) 256 
 
 Blue and purple shades (Purple standard, blue wings) 257 
 
 Blue and purple shades (Violet and indigo group) 258 
 
 Blush 259 
 
 Carmine and rose (Carmine group) 260 
 
 Carmine and rose (Rose group) 261 
 
 Cerise 262 
 
 Cream-pink 263 
 
 Crimson and scarlet (Crimson group) 264 
 
 Crimson and scarlet (Scarlet group) 266 
 
 Dark shades (Maroon group) 266 
 
 Dark shades (Maroon and bronze group) 267 
 
 Dark shades (Maroon and violet group) 268 
 
 Fancy 270 
 
 215 
 
2i6 Bulletin 342 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Lavender 271 
 
 Magenta-rose 273 
 
 Marbled 274 
 
 Mauve 275 
 
 Orange shades 276 
 
 Picotee edged (Lavender and blue group) 277 
 
 Picotee edged (Pink group) 279 
 
 Pink 280 
 
 Striped and flaked (Chocolate stripes) 281 
 
 Striped and flaked (Mauve or blue) 281 
 
 Striped and flaked (Red and rose on primrose ground) 282 
 
 Striped and flaked (Red and rose on white ground) 283 
 
 White 285 
 
 Yellow shades 286 
 
 Extreme hooded varieties , 288 
 
 Snapdragon 288 
 
 Waved varieties 290 
 
 Bicolor 290 
 
 Blue ■ 291 
 
 Blush 293 
 
 Carmine 295 
 
 Cerise 296 
 
 Cream, bufi", and ivory 297 
 
 Cream-pink (deep) 301 
 
 Cream-pink (pale) 303 
 
 Crimson 306 
 
 Fancy 309 
 
 Lavender 310 
 
 Magenta 316 
 
 Marbled 317 
 
 Maroon 317 
 
 Maroon-purple 320 
 
 Maroon-red 322 
 
 Mauve 322 
 
 Orange-pink 326 
 
 Orange-scarlet 329 
 
 Picotee edged (Cream ground) 331 
 
 Picotee edged (White ground) 332 
 
 Pink 333 
 
 Pink (Pale pink group) 336 
 
 Rose - 337 
 
 Salmon shades 338 
 
 Scarlet 339 
 
 Striped and flaked (Chocolate on gray ground) 343 
 
 Striped and flaked (Orange-scarlet stripes) 343 
 
 Striped and flaked (Pink on primrose ground) '. . . . 344 
 
 Striped and flaked (Purple and Vjlue) 345 
 
 Striped and flaked (Red on white ground) ^ 347 
 
 Striped and flaked (Rose on primrose ground) 349 
 
 White 349 
 
 The best varieties of sweet peas 352 
 
 Waved varieties 352 
 
 Varieties of open and hooded forms 352 
 
 Early-flowering varieties 353 
 
 Market varieties 353 
 
 Index to varieties 354 
 
SWEET-PEA STUDIES— IV 
 CLASSIFICATION OF GARDEN VARIETIES OF THE SWEET PEA 
 
 Alvin C. Beal 
 
 (Received for publication January 3, 19 14) 
 
 SWEET-PEA TESTS AT ITHACA 
 
 The great epoch in the growing of sweet peas in America began with 
 the introduction of the Eckford varieties in 1886, and received impetus 
 from the introduction of the American variety Blanche Ferry in 1889. 
 About this time it was discovered that, owing to cHmatic conditions, 
 Cahfomia was adapted to the production of large quantities of sweet-pea 
 seed. This made it possible to meet the heavy demand that arose during 
 the last decade of the nineteenth century, when sweet peas were unprece- 
 dentedly popular. At that period sweet-pea exhibitions were held, and 
 flowers were grown in almost every garden. No other annual flower, to 
 the writer's knowledge, has ever approached the sweet pea in the magni- 
 tude of its growth in popular interest. 
 
 Then came a wane for a few years, apparently due to the cultural 
 methods employed and to the appearance of diseases. But the flower is 
 again coming into its own. In the meantime the waved type has been 
 developed. In the closing days of Mr. Eckford's busy life he saw the 
 awakening interest in sweet peas on the part of the English people. The 
 introduction of the variety Countess Spencer in 1904 raised this interest to 
 fever heat, and a national sweet-pea society — which is now one of the 
 largest horticultural associations in the world, numbering over one 
 thousand subscribers — was organized in England. 
 
 Many growers have undertaken the work of further improving this 
 flower, and, due to this and to the sportive tendencies of the waved type 
 of sweet peas, the number of varieties has increased at a rate hitherto 
 undreamed of. In the contest for novelties many growers have found 
 the same sports, have named them, and have sent them out, so that we 
 have more than one name for the same variety. It appears also that 
 some growers have been in too great a hurry to send out novelties before 
 assuring themselves that their varieties were fixed. vSome times a 
 seedsman thought he had a fixed stock, only to find, after having intro- 
 duced it, that it varied wherever grown. The novelties for 19 11 include 
 not less than eighty-five varieties. For several years past the offerings 
 have exceeded fifty varieties a year, so that now there are almost a thousand 
 variety names of sweet peas. 
 
 217 
 
2i8 Bulletin 342 
 
 With the view of furthering interest in the sweet pea as a flower for 
 the masses, the American Sweet Pea Society, at its inception in 
 July, 1909, decided to establish trial grounds for the elimination of 
 synonyms and the testing of new varieties. The trial grounds were 
 established at Cornell University, through a cooperative arrangement 
 between the Department of Horticulture of the New York State College 
 of Agriculture and the society. The latter was to supply the seed, and 
 the former was to conduct the tests in conjunction with a committee on 
 nomenclature appointed by the society. In order to enlist the largest 
 number of growers in the work of the trial grounds each year, a circular 
 letter was sent to every firm offering new varieties of sweet peas. The 
 growers named below have sent varieties for trial: 
 
 Great Britain: Aldersey & Marsden Jones, Tilston, Mai pas, Cheshire 
 W. E. Alsen, Denmead, Waterlooville, Hants; R. H. Bath, Wisbech 
 S. Bide & Son, Famham, Surrey; James Box, Haywards Heath, Sussex 
 William Deal and E. J. Deal, Kelvedon; vSilas Cole, Northampton; T. H 
 Dipnall, Hadleigh, Suffolk; Dobbie & Co., Edinburgh, Scotland; Miss 
 Hilda Hemus, Upton-on-Severn ; Kelway & Son, Langport, Somersetshire; 
 E. W. King & Co., Coggeshall, Essex; Alexander Malcolm, Duns, Scot- 
 land; S. Miller, Newport, Isle of Wight; G. Stark & Son, Great Ryburgh, 
 Norfolk; Sutton & Sons, Reading; Robert Sydenham, Birmingham; 
 W. J. Unwin, Histon, Cambridgeshire; Watkins & Simpson, London. 
 
 United States: A. T. Boddington, 342 West Fourteenth Street, New 
 York; W. Atlee Burpee & Co., North Fifth Street, Philadelphia; Peter 
 Henderson & Co., 35 Cortlandt Street, New York; C. C. Morse & Co., 
 48-56 Jackson Street, San Francisco; W. W. Rawson & Co. (now Fottler, 
 Fiske, Rawson Company), Boston; Waldo Rohnert, Gilroy, California; 
 Vaughan's Seed Store, 31-33 West Randolph Street, Chicago; James 
 Vick's Sons, Rochester, New York; Ant. C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, 
 New Jersey. 
 
 From this list it will be seen that most of the really progressive growers 
 who are intensely interested in the permanent development of sweet-pea 
 culture have assisted in the work. To these and to all who have assisted 
 in the work the American Sweet Pea Society and the New York State 
 College of Agriculture are indebted. It is hoped that the cordial support 
 hitherto given to the work may be continued for the further advancement 
 of the sweet \)ca in popular favor. 
 
 On receipt of the seeds a list of all the varieties, with the date of 
 their receipt, was made. A card index was also prepared, so that any 
 arrangement of the varieties could be made. On these cards the trial 
 number was entered so that the variety could be quickly found in the 
 field. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 219 
 
 OUTDOOR tests 
 
 In addition to the purposes of the trials before mentioned, it was thought 
 desirable to make some cultural tests as to the effect of the time, depth, 
 and thickness of planting on the resultant crop. With this in view, 
 plantings were made in the fall and in the spring. 
 
 Successive fall plantings 
 Many of the dealers sent in seeds promptly, and in order to test the 
 feasibility of growing sweet peas successfully from fall planting the trials 
 were begun very soon after the writer entered upon the work. Plantings 
 made at this station at intervals of ten days, from October 20 to Novem- 
 ber 30, 1909, gave the following results: 
 
 TABLE I. Results from Fall Plantings 
 
 Variety 
 
 Date of 
 
 planting 
 
 (1909) 
 
 Condition of soil 
 
 Num- 
 ber of 
 seeds 
 sown 
 
 Num- 
 ber of 
 seeds 
 that 
 germi- 
 nated 
 
 First 
 bloom 
 (1910) 
 
 Aiont Blanc. . . . 
 
 October 20 
 October 30 
 November 10 
 November 20 
 November 30 
 
 October 20 
 October 30 
 November 10 
 November 20 
 November 30 
 
 October 20 
 October 30 
 ■ November 10 
 November 20 
 November 30 
 
 Excellent 
 
 Slightly frozen 
 
 Excellent 
 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 120 
 
 22 
 14 
 58 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 69 
 83 
 99 
 45 
 6 
 
 97 
 92 
 
 87 
 77 
 24 
 
 June 6 
 June 6 
 June 6 
 June 15 
 June 20 
 
 June 19 
 June 19 
 June 19 
 June 19 
 June 19 
 
 June 20 
 June 20 
 June 20 
 June 20 
 June 20 
 
 
 Excellent 
 
 King Edward 
 VII 
 
 Countess 
 
 Spencer .... 
 
 Very wet and cold . . . 
 
 Excellent 
 
 Slightly frozen 
 
 Excellent ; 
 
 Excellent 
 
 Very wet and cold . . 
 
 Excellent 
 
 Slightly frozen 
 
 Excellent 
 
 Excellent 
 
 Very wet and cold . . 
 
 In all these trials there was no top growth, but some plants of the first 
 two plantings were just piercing the surface, when winter set in. The 
 third planting germinated, but the last two did not appear above the 
 surface of the ground until the following April (1910), when they appeared 
 on the 4th and the 15th, respectively. 
 
 The results indicate that the planting should be delayed as late as is 
 practicable, but not so late that the seed must be sown in a cold, wet, 
 heavv soil. 
 
220 BliLLETIN 342 
 
 Successive spring plantings 
 The spring plantings were not made at uniformly regular intervals, as 
 were the fall plantings, because of the cold, wet weather of April, 1910, 
 and the heavy rains of May. However, the results are comparable, for 
 the same varieties, from the same consignment of seed, used in the fall 
 plantings were used in these tests. 
 
 TABLE 2. Results from Spring Plantings 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 
 
 
 Date of 
 planting 
 
 Number 
 
 of seeds 
 
 Date of 
 
 First 
 bloom 
 
 
 Variety- 
 
 of seeds 
 sown 
 
 that 
 germi- 
 
 germina- 
 tion 
 
 
 
 
 
 nated 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 March 12 
 
 120 
 
 18 
 
 April 1 5 
 
 June 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 March 22 
 
 120 
 
 49 
 
 April 18 
 
 June 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 April 4 
 
 120 
 
 92 
 
 April 20 
 
 June 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 April 16 
 
 120 
 
 90 
 
 April 30 
 
 June 
 
 27 
 
 Mont Blanc 
 
 
 April 27 
 
 120 
 
 lOI 
 
 May 10 
 
 June 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 May 7 
 
 150 
 
 141 
 
 May 16 
 
 July 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 May 18 
 
 125 
 
 118 
 
 May 30 
 
 July 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 June I 
 
 175 
 
 146 
 
 June 16 
 
 August 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 March 12 
 
 120 
 
 81 
 
 April 15 
 
 June 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 March 22 
 
 120 
 
 103 
 
 April 20 
 
 June 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 April 4 
 
 120 
 
 104 
 
 April 27 
 
 July 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 April 16 
 
 120 
 
 102 
 
 April 30 
 
 July 
 
 5 
 
 King Edward VII... 
 
 
 April 27 
 
 120 
 
 no 
 
 May 10 
 
 July 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 May 7 
 
 120 
 
 108 
 
 May 18 
 
 July 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 May 18 
 
 125 
 
 114 
 
 May 30 
 
 June 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 June I 
 
 150 
 
 133 
 
 June 16 
 
 August 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 March 12 
 
 120 
 
 III 
 
 April 15 
 
 June 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 March 22 
 
 120 
 
 117 
 
 April 20 
 
 July 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 April 4 
 
 120 
 
 no 
 
 April 27 
 
 July 
 
 2 
 
 Countess Spencer. . . 
 
 
 April 16 
 
 120 
 
 III 
 
 May 3 
 
 July 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 April 27 
 
 120 
 
 no 
 
 May 10 
 
 July 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 May 7 
 
 120 
 
 118 
 
 May 16 
 
 July 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 May 18 
 
 120 
 
 115 
 
 May 30 
 
 July 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 June I 
 
 150 
 
 131 
 
 June 16 
 
 August 
 
 26 
 
 It is very apparent, in view of the results from the germination of the 
 variety Mont Blanc, that white-seeded sweet peas should not be sown 
 until the ground has thoroughly thawed. 
 
 The most significant fact in connection with these trials was the manner 
 in which the dry, hot weather hurried forward the April plantings so that 
 they came into bloom together. 
 
 The height of the plants varied directly with the time of planting, the 
 first being the tallest. The amount of bloom on all spring plantings 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 221 
 
 after the first three was much reduced and the length of the stems was 
 considerably less. However, the late April and early May plantings 
 produced a number of blooms, and with more rain and with fertilizers 
 the results would doubtless have been fairly satisfactory. 
 
 Due to the dry, hot weather, the June planting did not flower until 
 August, after a very feeble existence. When the mildew appeared in the 
 latter part of August these plants were quickly destroyed, as the disease 
 caught them at the time when they were beginning more rapid growth. 
 
 The results of igio indicate that plantings of garden varieties made 
 after May 10 are really not worth while. 
 
 variety tests 
 
 Each year a different area has been selected for growing the plants. 
 Soil as nearly uniform as possible has been chosen. The land is plowed 
 in the autumn, and furrows are opened with the plow so that barnyard 
 manure can be placed under the rows preparatory to spring planting. 
 When the furrows are closed, if a slight ridge is left over the row it can 
 be raked down as soon as the surface dries in the spring, thus facilitating 
 early planting. The varieties under test in 19 10, 191 1, and 191 2 were 
 sown in the open ground as early as possible. In 19 13 all the varieties 
 were sown in pots in March and were planted later in the field. The 
 results from the latter method were so much better that that method 
 will be continued. 
 
 In the first year the rows were 20 feet long and 4 feet apart. Four 
 hundred and five of these rows were planted, giving a total length of row 
 of 8100 feet, or a Httle over one and one half mile. The total length of 
 row grown in 191 1 was 4500 feet, in 1912 it was 3000 feet, and in 1913 
 it was about 2000 feet. In the first two years a large number of the 
 older varieties were grown, but in the last two years only the leading 
 varieties of the older types were grown. The work has now reached the 
 stage when only one variety of the older type in each color section will 
 be grown for comparison. 
 
 A record was made of the number of seeds planted of each variety, 
 and later the number that germinated was recorded. Of the standard 
 varieties 120 seeds were usually planted in each row; with samples that 
 appeared to be of poor quality, however, a good stand was assured by 
 sowing more seeds. The question is sometimes asked whether old sweet- 
 pea seed will grow. An opportunity to test this was afforded by seeds 
 sent in by Mr. Morse for study of the obsolete types. This seed was 
 saved some years before, when variety tests were being made, and the 
 following results shed some light on the question : 
 
Bulletin 342 
 
 TABLE 3. GiiRMiNATioN OF Old Sweet-pea Seed in 1910 
 (The asterisk denotes white-seeded varieties) 
 
 Variety- 
 
 Crop of 
 
 Number 
 ])lanted 
 
 on 
 Al)ril 15 
 
 Number 
 germi- 
 nated 
 
 Black Brown Stripe 
 
 Purple Brown Stripe 
 
 Striped Celestial 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Juanita 
 
 Daybreak 
 
 Gaiety 
 
 Wawona 
 
 Duchess of York 
 
 Splendour 
 
 Large Yellow Red 
 
 Large Yellow Open Form * 
 
 (Many seeds of this variety are split) 
 
 Fairy Queen 
 
 Alice Eckf ord 
 
 Lady Beaconsfield 
 
 Countess of Shrewsbury 
 
 Delight 
 
 Lemon Queen 
 
 Peach Blossom 
 
 Crown Princess of Prussia 
 
 Ignea 
 
 Carmine Invincible 
 
 Brilliant 
 
 Cardinal 
 
 Bronze King 
 
 Empress of India 
 
 Emily Lynch 
 
 Coronet 
 
 Orange Prince 
 
 Meteor 
 
 Alba Magnifica* 
 
 Queen of England* 
 
 Dorothy Viek 
 
 Princess Victoria 
 
 Rising Sun 
 
 Duchess of Edinburgh 
 
 Queen of the Isles 
 
 Adonis 
 
 Miss Hunt 
 
 Novelty 
 
 Fluted Primrose* 
 
 Ovid 
 
 King Edward VII 
 
 Countess Spencer 
 
 Oddity 
 
 Inconstancy* . 
 
 Golden Gleam* . 
 
 Mont Blanc* 
 
 1904 
 1902 
 1902 
 1902 
 1903 
 1904 
 1901 
 1903 
 1904 
 1903 
 1902 
 1901 
 
 1901 
 1904 
 1903 
 1902 
 1903 
 1903 
 1904 
 1903 
 1903 
 1904 
 1904 
 1904 
 1901 
 1904 
 1904 
 1902 
 1903 
 1902 
 1903 
 1903 
 1903 
 1903 
 1902 
 1903 
 1904 
 1904 
 1904 
 1903 
 1901 
 1904 
 1909 
 1909 
 1904 
 1902 
 1904 
 1909 
 
 19 
 40 
 92 
 51 
 42 
 75 
 40 
 
 77 
 
 103 
 
 82 
 
 75 
 
 3 
 
 61 
 104 
 
 78 
 47 
 98 
 
 53 
 105 
 31 
 85 
 127 
 112 
 107 
 
 14 
 90 
 
 "5 
 15 
 46 
 
 52 
 50 
 62 
 
 99 
 87 
 46 
 
 57 
 99 
 
 126 
 
 102 
 
 62 
 
 I 
 
 114 
 85 
 83 
 
 "5 
 6 
 
 lOI 
 
 146 
 
Classification of Garden \^\rieties of the Sweet Pea 223 
 
 It is apparent that the white-seeded A^arieties lose their vitahty in greater 
 degree than do the black-seeded varieties of the same year's crop. Nearly 
 all varieties from the 1904 crop gave as good results as were obtained, in 
 general, from the 1909 crop. 
 
 Only a small number of seeds were received of the new varieties and 
 of the novelties. The smallest number of seeds of any variety was five, 
 but in several cases only eight or ten were received. When a few seeds 
 of a variety were to be sown it was arranged to sow one or two other 
 varieties in the same row, leaving a space of eighteen inches between two 
 separate varieties. In the past season, 19 13, the length of row was 
 reduced to ten feet because of the greater ease of supporting the plants 
 and because in many cases only five to ten seeds were received. If an 
 equal number of plants were obtained, one half or all of a ten-foot row 
 coiild be planted to a variety. A crosswalk six feet wide separated each 
 section. This allowed for spraying the plants when necessary. 
 
 The varieties were arranged according to color, for the purpose of easy 
 comparison in the determination of synonyms and in the estimation of 
 the value of varieties, relative productiveness, and other points. The 
 arrangement insured the varieties' being sown or planted at the same 
 time, on as nearly as possible the same soil, and with the same exposure. 
 
 The question of a suitable support was given considerable thought. 
 After an investigation of the various forms of wire netting suitable for 
 the purpose, it was found that its expense was too great to allow of its 
 use with this area of sweet peas. The method adopted was to place a 
 seven-foot stake at the end of each row and use heavy twine for supporting 
 the plants. The twine was stretched along one side of the row and back 
 on the other, enclosing the plants. While this method was reasonably 
 economical it was not very satisfactory, for the reason that the expansion 
 and contraction of the twine prevented it from supporting the plants 
 properly. The slackened strings allowed the wind to topple the plants 
 alternately back and forth It was found that this could be overcome 
 by placing the supports closer together. In 19 13 the use of the string 
 support alone was abandoned, and a strip of wire netting twenty- 
 four inches wide was used near the ground. It was found that this pro- 
 vided a better support for the young plants, for if they were torn loose by 
 the wind they could be tied up with raffia. As soon as the plants were 
 well started, little difficulty was experienced in keeping them straight. 
 The use of strings for supporting the tops of the plants has been found 
 satisfactory, provided the plants do not reach a total height of more than 
 four feet. If under garden conditions the plants grow taller than four 
 feet, the width of the strip of netting should be correspondingly increased. 
 
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIETIES 
 The rapidly increasing number of varieties of sweet peas offered since 
 Mr. Eckford began the improvement of the flower has made it imperative 
 that some method of classifying varieties should be adopted. In the 
 autumn of 1896 the Sunset Seed and Plant Company issued a small work 
 entitled " Sweet Pea Review," in which was proposed a classification of 
 sweet peas based on form. Average specimens of the largest and most 
 perfect standards of Eckford's introductions of 1896 and 1897 were selected, 
 and, each being laid down naturally, with the front side uppermost, a 
 circle was drawn around it just touching the extreme edges. Within 
 each circle an outline drawing representing a certain type was made. 
 
 sWEET 
 
 TT Peas 
 
 KEY TO FIGURES 
 
 1n4* Inlivdwctloiu. 
 
 Fl(. l-AIke Ecklord 
 
 R(, 2-Coufit<«« of Shrewibury 
 
 Flf. J-Uttto Oorrll 
 
 FIf. 4 CapUvatloQ 
 
 FI|E. 5 XountcM of Aberdeen 
 
 Flf. 6 - Prima l>oniM 
 
 Flf. 7-Lovely 
 
 Fli. r -niluilo 
 
 Flf. «. M«rt 
 
 Flu. ID Royal RoM 
 
 rig. 1 1 Cot|uettt 
 
 Plf. II-Cn«a Jnral 
 
 r-jjj 
 
 Fig. 24, — Classification of sweet peas, suggested by the Sunset Seed and Plant Company, 
 
 San Francisco, California 
 
 The diameter of the circles was thirty-eight millimeters, or a trifle over 
 one and one half inch, and represented the grandiflora size as this company 
 understood it. A perfect type of flower is illustrated as one in which the 
 farthest projections of the standard, wings, keel, and calyx exactly touch 
 the thirty-eight-milUmeter circle. The ninety varieties of sweet peas 
 grown by the comi)any were classified into twelve types. 
 
 This classification based on form has not been adopted by growers of 
 sweet peas. The method was copyrighted, which possibly had something 
 to do with the fact that it never became popular. A more important 
 reason, no doubt, is the fact that the size, and also to some extent the form, 
 
 224 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 225 
 
 of sweet-pea flowers are dependent on the culture that they receive. 
 Under a hot sun the various flowers on a plant assume different forms 
 according to the length of time that the blossoms have been open. At 
 the present time the system would not be very serviceable in describing 
 varieties of the waved form, since the amount of the waving or the folding 
 of the standard varies with the variety, the strain, or the stock, as well as 
 with the cultural conditions. 
 
 Although varieties were rapidly multiplying, seedsmen continued to 
 list the names alphabetically. Mr. Burpee, who catalogued one hundred 
 and fifty varieties in 1899 — the most extensive collection offered up to 
 that time by any seedsman, so far as the writer can learn — classified 
 them in this manner. 
 
 METHODS OF DESCRIPTION 
 
 The Classification Committee appointed at the Bicentenary Celebration 
 at London in 1900 adopted the following scheme of classification, based 
 on color instead of on form: 
 
 Self s : Flowers with one color only ; to be classified as : 
 White Selfs Blush Selfs Yellow or Buff Selfs 
 
 Pink Selfs Rose Selfs Carmine Selfs 
 
 Purple and Maroon Selfs Crimson Selfs Lavender vSelfs 
 
 Mauve Selfs Blue Selfs Salmon and Orange Selfs 
 
 Flakes: Flowers with a decided ground color, on which are flakes 
 and stripes of another color; the color of the flakes to determine the class: 
 
 Red and Rose Flakes Mauve Flakes 
 
 Maroon and Purple Flakes Blue Flakes 
 
 Bicolors: Flowers with two colors, one found in the standard and 
 the other in the wings; the color of the standard to determine the class: 
 
 Red and Rose Bicolors Salmon and Orange Bicolors 
 
 Fancies: Flowers of several colors, and such as are not provided for 
 in other divisions. The ground color to determine the class: 
 
 White Ground Fancies Yellow or Buff Ground Fancies 
 
 Picotee Edge: Flowers of one or more colors, but having an edging 
 of a distinct color or shade around the standard and the wings. No 
 subdivision is as yet considered necessary. 
 
 The seedsmen soon began to list their varieties under the principal 
 colors, but as a rule no classification was made as to form. 
 
 The Sweet Pea Annual for 1906 gives the following color classes: White, 
 Crimson and Scarlet, Cerise, Rose and Carmine, Pink, Blush, Blue, Yellow 
 
226 BlLLETIN 342 
 
 Shades, Orange, Lavender, Mauve, Violet and Purple, Magenta. Picotec 
 Edged, Red Stripes, Blue Stripes, Bicolors, Fancies. This is substantiallv 
 the classification that was used until 191 1, except that the Cream Pink 
 and the Marbled class were added. 
 
 The color classes for 191 1 show that Crimson and Scarlet were separated, 
 while the Orange class has been divided into Orange Pink, Orange Scarlet, 
 and Salmon Shades. The Picotee Edged class is subdivided into Cream 
 Grounds and White Grounds. A Lilac class has been added. There is 
 a total of twenty-five classes. 
 
 During this period the National Sweet Pea Society of England listed 
 the best varieties under each color class, including the best variety of the 
 old type, which was indicated by an asterisk. 
 
 The Sweet Pea Annual for 19 13 gives the following color classes : Bicolor ; 
 Blue; Blush; Carmine; Cerise; Cream, Buff, and Ivory; Cream-pink 
 (Pale) ; Cream-pink (Deep) ; Crimson ; Fancy ; Lavender ; Lilac ; Magenta ; 
 Marbled and Watered; Maroon; Maroon Purple; Maroon Red; Mauve 
 (Dark); Mauve (Pale); Orange-pink; Orange-scarlet; Picotee Edged 
 (Cream Ground) ; Picotee Edged (White Ground) ; Pink (Deep) ; Pink 
 (Pale); Rose; Salmon Shades; Scarlet; Striped and Flaked (Purple and 
 Blue) ; Striped and Flaked (Chocolate on Gray Ground) ; Striped and 
 Flaked (Red and Rose) ; White. A total of thirty-two classes. 
 
 When one considers the advance from a classification that comprised 
 only White, Cream or Light Yellow, Light Blush, Light Pink, Deep Pink, 
 Rose, Red and Scarlet, Shades of Orange and Salmon, Pink and White, 
 Blue and White, Claret and Maroon, Striped and Variegated, Lavender 
 and Light Blue, and Blue and Purple, one can appreciate the fact that 
 the classification of sweet peas has undergone evolution. Moreover, this 
 indicates more clearly than does an}^hing else the marv^elous development 
 of the flower. 
 
 In the Field Notes on Sweet Peas, 1907, edited by L. L. Morse, it is 
 stated that the most natural classification is according to color, and that 
 most seedsmen recognize such an arrangement. Mr. Morse then calls 
 attention to the fact that another classification, almost as important as 
 that of color, is that of form, referring to the size and the shape of the 
 standard. He classes the varieties as follows: 
 
 Hooded form Open form 
 
 Large Aurora Large Triumph 
 
 Medium . . . Countess of Radnor Medium Blanche Ferry 
 
 Small Blushing Beauty Small Crown Princess of Prussia 
 
 The Countess Spencer group, which was just coming in, was classified 
 as " very large." This group has since been recognized universally as 
 
pq 
 
Bulletin' 342 
 
 Plati-: XV 
 
 .1/^5. Sankey Spencer 
 Queen of li)! gland Dorothy Eckford 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 227 
 
 distinct in form. The size of the varieties is of less importance at the 
 present time, for the waved, or Spencer, sweet peas are usually of very 
 large size, and if any of the older \^arieties are to persist in the trade they 
 must be of the largest size. The varieties with medium-sized blooms 
 are now obsolete, as were the small-flowered varieties of Morse's list. 
 
 The principal characters on which a classification of sweet peas may be 
 based are habit of the plant, form of the flower, and color of the flower. 
 In habit of plant, the dwarf, bush, winter-flowering, and garden types are 
 recognized. In general there are two main groups, the dwarf forms 
 and the tall forms, the latter including the winter-flowering and garden 
 types. The form of the flower has been evolved from the reflexed form, 
 through the open and the hooded, to the waved form. The open form with 
 the flat standard may be classified into the notched and rounded types. 
 There are various degrees of hooding, of which the extreme form is the 
 snapdragon, now grown only as a curiosity. In like manner we find 
 various degrees of waviness in the waved, or Spencer, form; these can 
 be placed in groups according to the amount of waviness, being equal 
 to, less than, or greater than. Countess Spencer under the same con- 
 ditions. The writer proposes the following classification of sweet peas: 
 Garden type Winter-flowering type Dwarf type {Cupid) 
 
 Open form Open form 
 
 Hooded form Hooded form 
 
 Waved form Waved form 
 
 The dwarf type is not of sufficient importance to be subdivided, 
 but it embraces varieties with flowers of both open and hooded form. 
 
 Under each form the varieties are classified by color, using the color 
 classification of the Enghsh National Sweet Pea Society. So far as 
 possible, the Repertoire de Couleurs was used in determining the color 
 of all the varieties of sweet peas grown. In the description of each 
 variety the relative size of the flower is recorded. 
 
 The descriptive blank shown on page 228 was prepared for recording the 
 data on varieties. The plantings in the field were labeled by nimiber only, 
 and the corresponding nimiber was placed under its heading on the card; 
 so that in making the records it was not known who sent the variety 
 under examination. The data on the upper part of the card were not 
 entered until after the season was over. This practice was followed in 
 order to keep the records free from the possibiHty of bias as to the estimate 
 placed by others on a variety. The information given is therefore our 
 own, except when it is specifically stated to be the opinion of another. 
 
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 DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES 
 OPEN-FORM VARIETIES 
 
 Bicolor (Blanche Ferry group) 
 
 BLANCHE FERRY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by D. M. Ferry & Co., 1889. 
 
 Donated by A. T. Boddington, and W. Atlee Burpee & Co. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, extra early, open form, notched 
 standard. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard scarlet 156 (3-4); wings lilacy white 7 (4). 
 Flower of' medium size, open form; standard of medium size, open form, with 
 notched top; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
 on short to medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, lasting well on the 
 plant. Sunproof. A garden or market variety. Plant of short, slender 
 growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green. Seed black, large. 
 
 Comparison — Extra Early Blanche Ferry, Earliest of All, Reselected Extreme Early 
 Earliest of All, are similar, but earlier. A difference of sixteen days has been 
 noted in the earliness of the varieties of this group. 
 
 Remarks — The first and epoch-making variety. The introducer illustrated it with a 
 color plate, the first sweet-pea novelty of American origin thus figured in an 
 American catalogue. For history see Bulletin 320 of this experiment station, 
 page 691, and Bulletin 319, page 625. 
 
 BLUSHING BRIDE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Joseph Breck & Co., 1891. 
 
 Description in brief — A rose-and-white variety. 
 
 Comparison — " Resembles Blanche Ferry in color, but is larger." — Breck's catalogue, 
 
 1891. 
 Remarks — Said to be a sport of Painted Lady. Was grown for a time by Boston 
 
 florists. 
 
 BRIDE OF NIAGARA 
 
 Originated by Mrs. O. H. Day. Introduced by James Vick's Sons, 1896. 
 
 Description in brief — A double-flowered strain of Blanche F-erry. 
 
 Remarks — Interesting historically as the first double sweet pea. This variety was 
 originated by Mrs. O. H. Day, Niagara Falls, New York, and was announced by 
 Vick in 1896. The name was selected by ballot. The variety was introduced in 
 1896, when it was described as having a clear pink banner, and white wings and 
 keel. The flowers often had two or three banners. 
 
 EARLIEST OF ALL 
 
 Originated by Thomas Gould. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Burpee. 
 
 Description in brief — Flower of medium size, red and white, open form, notched 
 
 standard; an extra early variety. 
 Comparison — Color same as Blanche Ferry. Not so vigorous as Blanche Ferry in the 
 
 field. 
 
 229 
 
230 Bllletin ,^42 
 
 EXTRA EARLY BLANCHE FERRY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Ferry, 1895. 
 
 Description in brief — Flower of medium size, red and white, open form, notched 
 
 standard; an extra early variety. 
 Comparison — Similar to Blanche Ferry, but earlier. Blanche Ferry and Extra Early 
 
 Blanche Ferry are more vigorous than Earliest of AIL 
 
 FLORENCE ERASER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by J. C. Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Description in brief — Flower of medium size, red and white, open form. 
 Comparison — ■ Differs from Blanche Ferry in greater vigor of plant and longer-stemmed 
 flowers. 
 
 LADY DALKEITH 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by L. L. May & Co., 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — " Red and white, very free flowering." — May's catalogue for 
 1894. Not listed in later catalogues. 
 
 LITTLE DORRIT 
 
 Originated by Henry Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 
 
 Description in brief — Red and white, open form. 
 
 Comparison — Resembles Blanche Ferry, with possible exception of shape of the 
 standard. 
 
 NELLIE JANES 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by R. & J. Farquhar, 1892. 
 
 Description in brief — A pink-and-white variety. 
 Synonyms — Painted Lady under another name. 
 Remarks — Grown by Boston florists. 
 
 PAINTED LADY 
 
 Description in brief — Standard rose, wings white tinged with pink. 
 
 Comparison — Blanche Ferry was introduced as " Improved Painted Lady." 
 
 Synonyms — Nellie Janes is the same as Painted Lady. 
 
 Remarks — Catalogued in all old trade lists. Earliest mention by Philip Miller in 
 Gardeners' Dictionary, 1731. Probably the same form as that described by Bur- 
 mann as Lathyrus Zeylanicus, he supposing that it came from Ceylon. Appears 
 to have been omitted in American catalogues since 1899, but in some English lists 
 later than this. 
 
 RESELECTED EXTREME EARLY EARLIEST OF ALL 
 
 Originated by Gould. Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Flower of medium size, red and white, open form, notched 
 
 standard, extra early. 
 Comparison — Blanche Ferry, Extra Early Blanche Ferry, and Earliest of All are 
 
 similai in color of flower and in habit of plant. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 231 
 
 Bicolor ( Miscellaneous group) 
 
 BEACON 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Robert Bolton, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium to large, open-form variety, with cerise standard and 
 
 creamy wings. 
 Comparison — An improved Duke of York. 
 
 BLUE BELL 
 
 Originated by . hitroduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — Described in Bulletin 1 1 1 of this experiment station as follows: 
 
 " Flowers small. Standard convex, wedge-shaped. Color, standard pink, wings 
 
 purple-rose. Bloom sparse." 
 Remarks — Catalogued for next five years after introduction. 
 
 BRONZE KING 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Haage & Schmidt. 
 
 Donated by C. C. Morse & Co., for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, open-form variety, with coppery pink standard and 
 
 white wings. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet -old rose 145 (i); wings creamy white 
 
 10 (i). Flowers small, open form; standard small, flat, stiff, with notched top; 
 
 wings long and narrow. Burns badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Remarks — Offered by Henderson in 1894. 
 
 BRONZE PRINCE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford (?), Bull, 1885. 
 
 Description in brief — "Flowers large. Standard flat. Color, purple-red, the wings 
 
 the more purple." — Bulletin iii of this station. 
 Synonyms — Light Blue and Purple is the same variety. Joanna Theresa is the same. 
 Remarks* — One of the first of the Eckford varieties, and one that remained in the 
 
 trade for at least fifteen years. Mentioned in Gardeners' Chronicle [n. s., vol. 20 
 
 (1883), p. 264]. 
 
 COUNTESS OF SHREWSBURY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small variety, with rosy standard and white wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (i), fading to lilacy white 7 (4) 
 at the edge; wings lilacy white 7 (i). Flower small, open form; standard small, 
 flat, sometimes reflexed, with apical notch; wings of medium size, upright, and 
 pointed, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrance 
 questionable. Bloom moderately profuse, continuous. Standard fades and burns 
 at the top. 
 
 Comparison — Lady Beaconsfield is similar, but is on a primrose ground. 
 
 DUKE OF YORK 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — Smaller than medium size. Open-form variety, with rose-pink 
 
 standard, and wings light primrose shaded with pink. 
 Comparison — Has been described as Blanche Ferry, on a primrose ground. Emily 
 
 Lynch was the improved form of this variety. 
 
232 Bulletin 342 
 
 EMPRESS OF INDIA 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1891. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form variety, with rosy standard and 
 wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4), purple-rose 150 (i) 
 on the back; wings mauve-rose 153 (i), veined with solfcrino-red 157 (3-4). Flower 
 of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with round top; wings 
 long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two, on medium stems. No 
 fragrance. Bloom moderately profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and 
 slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Blanche Ferry has wings of a purer white. 
 
 GEM 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — Red and white. 
 Remarks — Does not appear in later catalogues. 
 
 LADY BEACONSFIELD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. ' Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form flower; standard light pink on 
 
 primrose, wings light primrose. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (4) on a yellowish white ground ; 
 
 wings yellowish white 13 (3). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of 
 
 medium size, flat, with notched top; wings medium to large, long, of medium width, 
 
 partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very sweet-scented. 
 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium to tall, strong growth. Tendrils 
 
 colored. 
 Comparison — Countess of Shrewsbury is similar in color but is on a white ground. 
 
 Coquette is said to be the large, hooded form of Lady Beaconsfield. 
 Remarks — One of the best of the old varieties. 
 
 TRIUMPH 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, L897. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, open-form variety, with rose-colored standards and 
 
 crimson-pink wings. 
 Comparison — Said to be similar to Empress of India, but is much larger. Royal Rose 
 
 is the hooded form of this color. 
 
 Blue and Purple Shades (Bright blue) 
 
 BLUE BELLE 
 
 Originated by S. Bide & Sons. Introduced by . 
 
 Donated by Bide, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A grandiflora variety, with violet-blue standards and violet- 
 purple wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (i), sometimes marked 
 at base with violet-purple; wings violet-purple 192 (i). Flower of medium size, 
 open form; standard of medium size, flat; wings long, narrow, drooping. Flowers 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 233 
 
 two, on slender stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately- 
 productive. Flower fades, and lasting quality is poor. Plant of tall, slender 
 growth. Leaflets broad. 
 
 FLORA NORTON 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized flower of a lavender-blue shade. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lavender-blue 204 (i); the clearest 
 of the blues. Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, 
 with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two, on medium 
 stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. A garden variety. 
 Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaves and stems light green; tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — A beautiful blue. Unfortunately the flower is too small for exhibition, but 
 the variety is worthy of retention because of the color. Flora Norton Spencer is 
 not the same color. 
 
 MID BLUE 
 
 Originated by Dobbie & Co. Introduced by Dobbie, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, " deep sky blue " flower. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bluish violet 203 (2-3); wings lavender-blue 
 204 (2-3), the lower edges fading to almost white. Flower medium large, open 
 form; standard medium large, 'flat, occasionally reflexed in very hot sunshine, with 
 round top; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant 
 on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom medium. Sunproof. Plant of 
 tall, strdng growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Practically identical with Zoe (Biffen, Miss Hemus, Unwin, 1906). 
 Standard lighter than that of Lord Nelson and darker than that of Flora Norton. 
 
 ZOE 
 
 Originated by R. H. BifTen. Introduced by Biffen, Miss H. Hemus, W. J. Unwin, 1906. 
 Comparison — Practically identical with Mid Blue (Dobbie), and has prior introduction. 
 
 Blush 
 
 ALICE ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 
 
 Donated by Morse. 
 
 Description in brief — Pink and buff, shaded on white. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (i) ; wings lilacy white 7 (i). 
 Flower small, open form; standard small, flat or with reflexed edges, with notched 
 top; wings very long, longer than standard, narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 two to three, usually three, on medium stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. Flow- 
 ers burn badly, and last poorly while on the plants. Plant of medium height and 
 slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Sensation is the large, hooded form of this variety. 
 
 Remarks — Too small for the present day. 
 
2-^4 Bulletin 342 
 
 DELIGHT 
 
 Originated by Eckfonl. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, open-form, light blush variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (i), usually with 
 the faintest tinge of pink; midrib on back of standard pink. Flower small, open 
 form; standard small, fiat, with notched top, folded; wings long and narrow, partly 
 open. Flowers two, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Bums slightly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaf- 
 lets narrow, pointetl ; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Lemon Queen resembles this in color, but is larger. 
 
 FAIRY QUEEN 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Haage & Schmidt, 1872. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, open, rosy white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy white 8 ( i ) , with a few lines of bright 
 rose 128 (i); wings rosy white. Flower small, open form; standard small, flat or 
 with refiexed edges, with notched top; wings short and broad, partly open. Flow- 
 ers two, on long stems of moderate strength. Very fragrant. Bloom 'profuse, 
 continuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Tendrils 
 green. 
 
 Remarks — One of the oldest varieties. In the American trade from 1882 until 1899. 
 
 LEMON QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A pale blush, lemon-tinted variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard creamy white 10 (i); wings milk white 11 (i); 
 general effect white. Flower of medium size, open form ; standard of medium size, 
 fiat, with notched top, looped so as to conceal the notch; wings long, broad, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender 
 growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Delight is similar in color, but is smaller. 
 
 Remarks — If this variety did not burn it would Ix' desirable even at the present day. 
 
 MISS ETHEL 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1885. 
 
 Description in brief — Delicate pink, with blush wings. 
 
 Remarks — This variety was offered by Henderson in 1886, 1887, and 1888. by Breck 
 in 1886, and by Farquhar in 1887. 
 
 MRS. GLADSTONE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1890. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard light pink, with lighter edges; wings light blush. A 
 
 medium-sized, open-form variety. 
 Comparison — Princess Beatrice is deeper-colored. Kathcrinc Tracy is larger and 
 
 deeper-colored. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 235 
 
 Carmine and Rose (Carmine group) 
 
 DOROTHY VICK 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Vick, 1897, 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A double flower, with scarlet standard and purplish crimson 
 wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard scarlet 156 (2); wings purplish crimson 157 (i). 
 Flower small to medium, open form, occasionally double; standard small to 
 medium, reflexed, with narrow base; wings short and broad, partly open. Sub- 
 stance poor. Flowers two to three, usually two, on medium stems. Bums badly. 
 Plant of medium height, but makes a heavy growth. Tendrils colored; color in 
 axils of leaves and leaflets. 
 
 Comparison — A strain of Duchess of Edinburgh producing double flowers. White 
 Wonder or Double Duke of Clarence gives a higher percentage of doubles. White 
 Wonder is the best double of the old types. 
 
 DUCHESS OF EDINBURGH 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, open-form flower, with scarlet standard and purplish 
 
 crimson wings. 
 Description in detail — CoIop of standard scarlet 156 (2-3); wings purplish crimson 
 
 157 (2). Flower small, open form; standard small, flat; wings long and narrow. 
 
 Moderately productive. Plant short. 
 Comparison — Princess Victoria is superior in size of flower and in profusion of bloom. 
 
 PRINCE EDWARD OF YORK 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, with carmine-purple standard and rose 
 
 wings. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (i); wings Tyrian rose 
 
 155 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, with reflexed 
 
 edges, round top, and broad base; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. 
 
 Flowers two to three, on strong stems of moderate length. Moderately fragrant. 
 
 Plant of medium height and strong growth. Tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Similar to Princess Victoria, but superior. 
 
 PRINCESS VICTORIA 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1891. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief ^ A medium-sized, open-form flower, with scarlet standard and 
 
 purplish crimson wings. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2-3); wings purplish 
 
 crimson 157 (i). Flower of medium size or larger, open form; standard of medium 
 
 size, flat, with notched top and apical fold; wings long and broad, partly open. 
 
 Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Burns slightly in hot sunshine. 
 
 Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; ccvlor 
 
 in the axils; tendrils colored. 
 
236 Bulletin 342 
 
 Comparison — Color is similar to that of Dorotliy Vick, but the flowers are larger and 
 have longer stems. 
 
 Carmine and Rose (Rose group) 
 
 ADONIS 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by James Carter & Co., 1882. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, with rosy pink standard, and wings of 
 lighter shade. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (2); wings mauve-rose 153 (i). 
 Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat or reflexed, with 
 notched top and apical fold; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 two, irregularly placed on long, medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse, continuous. Burns badly. Plant of tall, slender growth. Tendrils 
 green. 
 
 Comparison — Novelty and Miss Hunt are similar in color, but are larger. 
 
 Remarks — Burpee offered this variety in 1884, Breck in 1885. 
 
 AMERICAN QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, open form, magenta-rose self. 
 
 Comparison — Lord Kenyon and Lord Roseberry are similar in color, but are of hooded 
 form. 
 
 MIMA JOHNSTON 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — " Bright rose carmine, shaded salmon, wings soft rose." — 
 Eckford's catalogue. 
 
 Comparison — Morse considers this variety an open form of Bolton's Pink, of medium 
 size. 
 
 MISS HUNT 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, open flower, rosy pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (2-3); wings violet-rose 154 
 (2-3); back a trifle deeper-colored. Flower of medium size or larger, open form; 
 standard medium to large, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, conceal- 
 ing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, con- 
 tinuous. Burns slightly. Plant slender. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Larger, brighter, better-shaped flowers than Adonis. A little lighter 
 than Novelty. (.)vid. Lord Kenyon, and Lord Roseberry are the hooded forms 
 of this variety. 
 
 Remarks — Offered by Henderson in 1889. 
 
 NOVELTY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, rosy scarlet flower. 
 
 Description in detail — Co\ov of standard lilac-rose 152 (4); wings violet-rose 154 (4). 
 Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat; wings long and 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 237 
 
 broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on very long stems of medium 
 strength. Bloom moderately profuse. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height 
 and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; pedicels red. 
 Comparison — A little deeper-colored flower than Miss Hunt; a distinct plant, with 
 darker green leaves, less vine, and less profuse bloom than that variety. 
 
 Cream-Pink 
 
 AGNES JOHNSON 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized flower; standard cream shaded with rose-pink, 
 
 wings cream flushed with pink. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale blush 137 (4) ; wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2). 
 
 Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, with round top; 
 
 wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong 
 
 stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom moderate. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 Leaves pointed; tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Very similar to Sunrise and Evening Star, but larger. 
 
 CORONATION 
 
 Description in brief — Blush, with pink at the back of the standard. 
 Comparison — Similar to Duchess of Westminster. 
 
 DUCHESS OF WESTMINSTER 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 
 
 Description in brief — Apricot tinged with pink, which is deepest at the base of the 
 standard; wings delicate rose-pink. 
 
 EVENING STAR 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Vaughan, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — " A pale buff flushed salmon pink." — Vaughan's catalogue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard maize yellow 36 (i) on a violet-rose 154 (3) 
 ground; wings mauve-rose 153 (i). Flower of medium size; standard of medium 
 size, flat, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
 to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom moderate. Plant of tall, strong, healthy 
 growth. Tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — Morse states that before its introduction this variety was called Open- 
 form Venus. 
 
 MAY PERRETT 
 
 Onginated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — Ivory, flushed with buff or creamy pink. 
 Remarks — See May Perrett Spencer. 
 
 SUNRISE 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Vaughan. 
 
 Description in brief — Bright pink suffused with primrose. 
 
238 Bulletin 342 
 
 Description hi detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2); standard 
 flushed with violet-rose 154 (4). Flower of medium size; standard of medium 
 size, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two, 
 sometimes three, on good stems. Moderate fragranee. Bloom profuse. Burns 
 slightly in hot sun. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Remarks — Morse states that before its introduction this variety was called Katherine 
 Tracy on cream. 
 
 ZARINA 
 
 Originated by BifiFen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A beautiful, large, decorative flower, of open form and soft sal- 
 mon-pink color. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (1-2); wings pale lilac-rose 
 130 (1-2) on a buflf ground. Standard open, sometimes slightly waved; wings 
 short and narrow. Flowers two to three, on fairly strong stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom very profuse, continuous. Many double and triple standards. 
 Plant of short, slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils numerous and 
 very much colored; color in axils of leaves and leaflets; calyx dark reddish brown. 
 
 Comparison — Queen of Spain in open form. 
 
 Remarks — A true stock. 
 
 Crimson and Scarlet (Crimson group) 
 
 CARDINAL 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form, scarlet-crimson variety. 
 Synonyms — Same as Carmine Invincible at this station. Captain Sharkey (Breck, 
 
 1889) is the same variety. (See Bulletin 127 of this station.) 
 Remarks — Although J. S. Eckford states that this was introduced in 1887, the writer 
 
 finds Cardinal (Eckford) catalogued by Breck in 1886. In Breck's catalogue for 
 
 1887 is found Cardinal (Eckford, 1886). 
 
 CARMINE INVINCIBLE 
 
 Originated by Thomas Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1886. 
 
 Dotiated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form, scarlet-crimson variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard claret 167 (2-3); wings dull dark crimson 
 168 (i). Flower smaller than medium size, open form; standard of medium size, 
 with edges reflexed, sometimes twisted or curled; wings long and broad, usually 
 concealing the keel. Substance poor. Flowers two to three, on short, weak 
 stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse and continuous. Bums badly. Plant of 
 medium height and slender growth. Produces many side branches from the base, 
 giving a heavy row of plants. 
 
 Remarks — This variety marked a distinct advance in the improvement of sweet peas. 
 Reputed to be a cross between Invincible Scarlet and Invincible Black. Received 
 an award of the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1883. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 239 
 
 FIREFLY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, open-form, bright red variety. 
 
 Comparison — Slightly different form from Cardinal. Ignea, Brilliant, Mars, Salopian, 
 
 and King Edward VII were the hooded forms of this color. King Edward Spencer 
 
 is the waved form. 
 
 INVINCIBLE SCARLET 
 
 Originated by Stephen Brown. Introduced by Carter, 1866. 
 
 Description in brief — A crimson-scarlet variety. 
 
 Synonyms — Morse states that this is the same as Carmine Invincible. 
 
 Remarks — On Jtily 11, 1865, Mr. Brown gained the first First Class Certificate ever 
 
 awarded by the Royal Horticultural ' Society for a sweet pea. This variety was 
 
 catalogued in the American trade from 1870 until 1900. 
 
 KING EDWARD IMPROVED 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Watkins & Simpson. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, carmine-scarlet variety. 
 Comparison — An improved strain of King Edward VII. 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
 KING EDWARD VII 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, carmine-scarlet variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 1 56 (4) ; wings carmine- 
 purple 156 (1-2). Flower large, open form; standard large, fiat or occasionally 
 slightly hooded; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Substance 
 good. Flowers three to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrance very slight or 
 none. Bloom profuse, continuous. No burning. A garden or market variety. 
 Growth tall, strong, and healthy. 
 
 Remarks — This variety represents the acme of the crimson-scarlet varieties of the 
 open or the hooded form. King Edward Spencer is the waved form. 
 
 Crimson and Scarlet (Scarlet group) 
 
 BAKER'S SCARLET 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — " Almost pure scarlet. Same shade as Queen Alexandra but not 
 so well formed as standard turns backward." — Morse's Field Notes on Sweet Peas. 
 Comparison — Introduced as an Improved Queen Alexandra. 
 
 FADELESS SCARLET GEM 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A bright scarlet variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings French purple 161 (1-2). This 
 strain of Scarlet Gem does not turn purple. Flower of medium size, open form; 
 
240 Bulletin 342 
 
 standard of nicdiuin size, flat, with round top; wings lonj:; and broad, concealing 
 the keel. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Bloom pro- 
 fuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
 Foliage of a bluish green color. 
 Remarks — Is not fadeless; it soon loses its bright appearance, but is free from the 
 objectionable purple tinge in the original variety. 
 
 SCARLET GEM 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Bur]X'e, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A bright scarlet variety. 
 
 Description in detail — (See the description preceding, of Fadeless Scarlet Gem.) 
 
 Comparison — Fadeless Scarlet Gem is supposed to be a better selection. No difference 
 
 was seen in the trials at this station in 191 1. 
 Remarks — Unfortunately the flower turns dark soon after it opens, becoming almost 
 
 black. 
 
 W. E. GLADSTONE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — " Brightest shade of scarlet." — May's catalogue, 1894. 
 
 Fancy 
 
 SYBIL ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, creamy white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (3). Flower 
 large, open form; standard large, flat, occasionally with notched top; wings large, 
 spreading. Flowers two, irregularly placed on medium stems. Moderate fra- 
 grance. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, moderately strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — An open-form Marchioness of Cholmondeley. 
 
 Lavender 
 
 CREOLE 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A variety with pinkish lavender standard and lavender wings. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale light lilac 187 (4); wings heliotrope 
 
 188 (i), with back of ageratum blue 201 (i). Flower large; standard large, flat; 
 
 wings large, long and broad. Flowers two to three, usually three, on medium 
 
 stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, tall growth. 
 Remarks — Not more than fifty per cent true. Morse states, however, that the variety 
 
 was withdrawn because of the impossibility of getting it more than seventy-five 
 
 per cent true. 
 
 PRINCESS MAY 
 
 Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton. 1893. 
 
 Description in brief — A variety with pale mauve standard and lavender wings. 
 
 Flower of medium size. 
 Comparison — Superseded by Lady Grizel Hamilton. 
 Remarks — Offered in the United States by Henderson in 1894. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pea 241 
 
 Magenta-Rose 
 
 CALYPSO 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 
 
 Description in brief — A magenta-flushed and -veined mauve flower, of medium size 
 and open form. 
 
 Marbled 
 
 AZURE FAIRY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by R. H. Bath, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — " French grey ground marbled pale blue." — Bath's catalogue. 
 Remarks — When grown in 19 10 this variety was very unfi.xed. The majority of our 
 
 plants were Helen Pierce, with a few David R. Williamson. We beheve this 
 
 variety has been improved. 
 
 HELEN PIERCE 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1905. 
 
 Description in brief — White-veined, mottled and marbled with bright blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard marbled and flaked with bluish violet 203 (3) on a 
 purpUsh-tinted white ground 6 (3-4); wings lilacy white 7 (3-4); base of petals 
 not colored; back of standard heavily marbled with blue; lower edges of wings 
 and base of standards often fleshy white 9 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded 
 form; standard of medium size, hooded slightly, with round top; wings long and 
 broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Svmproof. Plant of medium height and 
 strong growth. 
 
 Remarks — Distinct. One of the indispensable varieties for a complete collection. 
 
 Maroon Shades (Claret group) 
 
 CARMEN SYLVA 
 
 Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard claret at base, shading to almiost white edges; wings 
 lilac. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine 116 ( i ) , becoming lighter toward 
 edges, which are rosy white 8 (2-3); wings lilac 176 (4), edges lobelia blue 205 (i). 
 Flower small, open form; standard small, flat, with narrow base and notched top; 
 wings short and narrow. Flowers two to three, generally two, equidistant on 
 medium stems. Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Bums slightly. Plant 
 of tall, fairly strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 ETNA 
 
 Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard amaranth-red, with light edges; wings rosy magenta. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard amaranth-red 168 (4), back purple-brown 
 166 (3-4); wings rosy magenta 169 (i). Flower small, open form; standard small, 
 flat, with narrow base; wings long and narrow. Flowers two, sometimes three, 
 on slender stems of medium length. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. 
 
 Comparison — Vesuvius is much the same, but is more blue. 
 
 Remarks — One of the most famous of Laxton's varieties. 
 
242 Bulletin 342 
 
 RISING SUN 
 
 Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. 
 
 Donated by Morsr, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard carmine-purple, with rosy white edges; wings 
 mauve-rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color in center of standard carmine-purple 156 (2), with edges 
 rosy white 8 (4); wings mauve-rose 153 (i) to violet-rose 154 (i). Flower small, 
 open form; standard small, refiexed, with notched top; wings long, very narrow, 
 partly open. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns badly. 
 Stems short and weak. Plant of short, weak, slender growth. Leaflets narrow, 
 pointed. 
 
 Remarks — One of the worst varieties to burn in hot weather. 
 
 VESUVIUS 
 
 Originated by J. C. vSchmidt. Introduced by Schmidt, 1886. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Color of flower magenta and violet-purple. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard magenta 182 (3-4), and rosy white 8 (4) at 
 the edges; wings bishop's violet (purple) 189 (4), and bright violet-purple on the 
 back. Flower small, open form; standard small, flat, stiff, notched; wings long 
 and narrow. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — Carmen Sylva is similar, but is more carmine. 
 
 Remarks — Offered by Joseph Brcck in 1887; by Farquhar in 1886 
 
 Maroon Shades (Maroon group) 
 
 BLACK KNIGHT 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A very deep maroon. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard nearest to rich pansy- violet 191 (4), but with 
 more red than 191; wings rich pansy -violet 191 (1-2), veins darker. Back of 
 standard is glossy. Flower large, open form; standard large, flat, with notched 
 top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, usually 
 two, on stems of moderate length. Fragrance slight. Moderately productive. 
 Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green; pods green. 
 
 Remarks — One of tlie darkest varieties, and the best of its color in the old type. 
 
 BLACK MICHAEL 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1905. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, pure maroon self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine-violet 1 74 (3-4) ; wings a little 
 lighter. Flower large, open form; standard large, edges reflexed, round top with 
 loop; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two, seldom three, on 
 long, strong stems. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, 
 pointed, dark green; the entire plant has a blue cast; pods colored on the edge. 
 
 Comparison — General effect similar to Black Knight. 
 
 Synonyms — Regina, introduced as an Improved Black Michael, appears to be the 
 same. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 243 
 
 BOREATTON 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep maroon self, with a medium-sized, open-form flower. 
 Comparison — This variety is a little lighter than Stanley. Boreatton, Stanley, and 
 Black Knight form a series with gradually deepening color. 
 
 CARDINAL WOLSELEY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in detail — In Bulletin iii of this station this variety is described as follows: 
 
 " Flowers large. Standard fiat, slightly wedged. Color, standard crimson, wings 
 
 maroon, rich. Bloom somewhat profuse." 
 Remarks — Shown in color illustration on back cover of May's catalogue for 1895. The 
 
 introducer called the color a deep crimson. 
 
 EMPRESS OF INDIA 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — " Darkest shade of purple." — May's catalogue. 
 
 REGINA 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1908. 
 
 Donated by W. W. Rawson & Co., 19 10. 
 Description in brief — A dark maroon self. 
 
 Synonyms — Seems to be Black Michael. Bolton called this variety an improved 
 Black Michael. 
 
 STANLEY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1, 
 
 Description in brief — A large, open-form, deep maroon self. 
 
 Comparison — Is deeper-colored than Boreatton, but not so dark as Black Knight. 
 
 Remarks — Reputed to be a cross between Captain of the Blues and Splendour. 
 
 Maroon Shades (Maroon and Violet group) 
 
 BLACK 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, dark violet variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard dark violet 193 (4); wings rich pansy- violet 
 
 191 (i), back 191 (4). Flower of meditun size, open form; standard of medium 
 
 size, fiat, with narrow base and notched top; wings long and narrow. Bloom 
 
 profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Synonyms — Invincible Black is the same variety. 
 Remarks — One of the oldest varieties. Mentioned in sweet-pea literature as early 
 
 as 1793, and catalogued by Thorburn of New York in 1824. 
 
 NEGRO 
 Originated by Introduced by H. J. Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — Deep maroon and dark blue flower. 
 
244 BULLliTIN 342 
 
 PEACOCK 
 
 Originated hv . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard red, wings l>lue. 
 
 SULTAN 
 
 Originated bv . Introduced by Laxton. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard maroon; wings lilac, bordered with blue. 
 Comparison — Superseded by Monarch. 
 
 Mauve 
 
 CAPTIVATION 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-.sized, purple-magenta variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color, of standard and wings bluish lilac 183 (2-3); wings a 
 lighter tint. Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, irregular, 
 sometimes crumpled, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. 
 Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets 
 broad, pointed; pedicels red; calyx often colored. 
 
 Remarks — A distinct variety. 
 
 PRINCESS LOUISE 
 
 Description in brief — Standard light magenta-pink, wings lilac. 
 
 Synonyms — Hutchins gave this as a synonym of Violet Queen in his catalogues for 
 1894, 1895, 1896, and 1897. 
 
 Remarks — Offered in United States by Burpee in 1887, and listed each year until 1898. 
 Burpee published a color plate of Princess Louise, Invincible Carmine, and Bronze 
 Prince in his catalogue for 1887. This is the first color plate of sweet peas in an 
 American catalogue. 
 
 THE QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small flower, purplish mauve. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (2-3). Flower 
 below medium size, open form; standard below medium size, fiat, with slightly 
 notched top; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers two to three, equi- 
 distant on stems. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant 
 of tall, moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Violet Queen is deeper and more blue. 
 
 Remarks — An unattractive variety. 
 
 VIOLET QUEEN 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Carter, 1878. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, open flower; standard vinous-mauve, wings violet- 
 purjjle. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard \nnous-mauve 184 (2-3); wings bright violet- 
 purple 190 (i), becoming more blue as flower withers. Flower small, open form; 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 245 
 
 standard small, flat, wedge-shaped, with notched top and narrow base; wings 
 long and narrow. Flowers two to three. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant 
 of tall, moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — The Queen is similar, but lighter. Emily Eckford is the perfected 
 form. 
 
 Remarks — Messrs. Carter advertised this variety by means of a colored plate in their 
 catalogue. This was the first sweet pea so figured. Henderson offered it to the 
 American trade in 1882. 
 
 Orange Shades (Orange-pink group) 
 
 EVELYN BYATT 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — A brilliant scarlet-orange variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard reddish old rose 142 (4) ; wings old rose 144 (i), 
 back purple-rose 150 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium 
 size, fiat, without apical notch; wings large, long, nearly as long as standard, broad, 
 partly open. Flowers two to three, usually three, on long, strong stems. Bloom 
 profuse. Burns very badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaves narrow, 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — More attractive than Gorgeous. 
 
 HERBERT SMITH 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Robert Sydenham, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — Orange-pink in color. 
 Comparison — Introduced as an Improved Gorgeous. 
 
 Orange Shades (Orange-scarlet group) 
 
 COUNTESS OF POWIS 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 
 
 Description in brief — " Glowing orange suffused light purple." — Originator's descrip- 
 tion, catalogue, 1897. 
 
 GORGEOUS 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized variety. Standard orange-scarlet; wings rose, 
 tinged with orange. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard reddish old rose 142 (4); wings bright rose 
 128 (i), strongly tinged with orange. Flower of medium size, open form; standard 
 of medium size, flat; wings short and broad, partly open. Fragrance slight. Bloom 
 profuse. Burns badly. Stems medium in length and strength. Plant of medium 
 height and strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — A deeper and brighter color than Coimtess of Powis, Meteor, and Orange 
 Prince, which form a series in the order named. 
 
 HETTY GREEN 
 
 Originated by H. E. Ward. Introduced by Bolton, 1907. 
 
 Description in brief — "Bright orange scarlet, wings rosy crimson." — Catalogue of 
 National Sweet Pea Society. 
 
246 Bulletin 342 
 
 METEOR 
 
 Originated by Eckford. hitrodnced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Orange-pink, wings orange-rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy flesh 134 (2-3); wings violet-rose 154 (i). 
 Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, fiat; wings long and 
 broad. Flowers two, on short or medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height. 
 
 Comparison — A sliglitly deeper color than Orange Prince. 
 
 MILDRED WARD 
 
 Originated by Ward.' Introduced by Sj-denham. 1907. 
 
 Description in brief — An orange-scarlet variety. 
 
 ORANGE PRINCE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — " A bright orange pink." — Hutchins' catalogue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy flesh 134 (i); wings violet-rose 154 (l). 
 Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, refiexed, sometimes 
 crumpled, with notched top; wings large, long and broad. Flowers two, on strong 
 stems of medium length. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender 
 growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Remarks — Received award by Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 
 1883. Offered in United States by Breck in 1887. 
 
 Picotee Edged (Lavender and Mauve group) 
 
 BLUE EDGED 
 
 Originated by Major Trevor Clarke. hitrodnced by Carter, i860. 
 
 Synonyms — Blue Hybrid was probably identical. 
 
 Remarks — This variety is given in the Sweet Pea Annual, and in Sweet Peas Up to 
 Date (edition of 1910), as first introduced in 1883. This is an error of date. The 
 variety was catalogued by Vick as early as 1872, if not earlier. The first of the 
 picotee-edged blues. 
 
 CAPTAIN CLARKE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by C. Sharpe & Co. 
 
 Description in brief — White-edged and penciled with carmine; wings edged with blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shaded violet-rose 154 (2-3) on a lilacy white 
 7 (4) ground; wings lilacy white, shaded lilac-mauve 196 (i). Flower small, open 
 form; standard small, flat, with notched top; wings short and broad, partly open. 
 Flowers two to three, usually three, equidistant on medium stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; 
 tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — Formerly known also under name " Tricolor." Columbia, another tricolor 
 variety, is striped. Offered by Breck in 1885. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 247 
 
 SPLENDID LILAC 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, with a lilac-blue standard, and white 
 wings edged with blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (4). back 183 (i) ; wings white, 
 edged and shaded with ageratum blue 201 (1-4). Flower of medium size, open 
 form; standard of medium size, flat, wedge-shaped, with narrow base and notched 
 top; wings long and narrow. Flowers one to two, sometimes only one, on short 
 stems. Plant of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green. 
 
 Remarks — An unattractive variety, due to poor contrasts in color. Offered by Burpee 
 in 1887. 
 
 Pink 
 
 BRIDESMAID 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, deep pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i), center violet-rose 154 (3); 
 wings mauve-rose 153 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium 
 size, flat, with notched top; wings short, partly open. Flowers two, on medium 
 stems. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color shown. 
 
 Comparison — A deeper color than Katherine Tracy, but otherwise similar. Brides- 
 maid was an improvement on Princess Beatrice. 
 
 CROWN PRINCESS OF PRUSSIA 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Haage & Schmidt, 1 868-1 869. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Light rose, shading deeper toward center. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shading from mauve-rose 153 (i) to rosy 
 white 8 (i); wings mauve-rose 153 (i); color is deeper at base of standard and on 
 dorsal edges of wings. Flower small, open form; standard small, badly reflexed, 
 with notched top; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers two to three, on 
 long stems of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. Moderately but continu- 
 ously productive. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
 Leaflets narrow and pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Colors weaker than those of Peach Blossom. 
 
 Remarks — Catalogued by C. Platz, of Erfurt, in 1870. Distributed in England by 
 Sharpe in 1871. Probably the first of the pink varieties. 
 
 DUCHESS OF MARLBORO 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — r " A rich rose color." — May's catalogue. 
 
 Description' tn detail — In Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station the variety ig described as 
 
 follows: " Flowers small. Standard flat. Color, standard pink, wings rose-pink. 
 
 Bloom profuse." 
 Remarks — A colored illustration of this variety appeared on the back cover of May's 
 
 catalogue for 1895. 
 
24S Bl'LLETIN 342 
 
 DUKE OF KENT 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in detail — In Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station is the following description 
 
 of this variety: " Flowers small. .Stamlard fiat, wedge-shape. Color, rose-pink. 
 
 Bloom metliuin." 
 Remarks — Introducer gives color as a beautiful carmine. 
 
 ISA ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. 
 
 Description in brief — Creamy white, suffused with rosy pink. 
 
 Comparison — Peach Blossom is the larger form of this variety. Crown Princess of 
 Prussia is somewhat similar. 
 
 KATHERINE TRACY 
 
 Originated by Ferry. . Introduced by Ferry, 1895. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A soft pink, with lighter edges. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i), center 153 (4); wings 
 mauve-rose 153 (2). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, 
 fiat, with notched top; wings of medium size, short, partly open. Flowers two, 
 on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden variety. Plant of tall, 
 strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color 
 shown. 
 
 Remarks — One of the most famous American varieties. 
 
 PEACH BLOSSOM 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Deep pink, shading to light pink on edges. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shades from mauve-rose 153 (2) in center 
 near base, to rosy white 8 (2-3) at edges; wings mauve-rose 153 (i), becoming 
 lighter at edges; the early stage of development of the fiower shows a trace of 
 yellow; the general effect is a beautiful pink. Flower medium to large, open form; 
 standard medium to large, fiat, with notched top; wings long and narrow, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers two, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height. Leaflets narrow, pointed, 
 dark green; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Lovely is the improved form oi this \\ariety. 
 
 PRINCESS BEATRICE 
 
 Originated by Muskett. Introduced by C. C. Hurst & Son, 1883. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard light pink, wings light rose-pink. 
 
 Comparison — Carmine Rose is similar. 
 
 Remarks — Given award by Royal Horticultural Society in August, 1883. 
 
 Salmon Shades 
 
 HENRY ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by F-ckford. * Introduced by Eckford, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Bodd'xn^ytm, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 Description in brief — A beautiful salmon color. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 249 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (2); wings shrimp pink 75 
 (2-3). Flower above medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, 
 with round top; wings short and broad, partly open. Bloom profuse. Moderately 
 fragrant. Burns very badly. Stems strong, but of medium length. A garden 
 variety. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; 
 pedicels red. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Orange-rose group) 
 
 CORONET 
 
 Originated by S. T. Walker. Introduced by Walker, W. T. Hutchins, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Light orange-pink stripe on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — -Standard and wings striped with peach-blossom 127 (standard 
 3-4, wings 1-2) on a rosy white 8 (4) ground. Flower large, open form; standard 
 large, fiat, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 on slender stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately pro- 
 ductive. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Aurora is superior. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Pink-on-primrose group) 
 
 ELFRIEDA 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by W. W. Johnson & Son, 1904. 
 
 Description in brief — Slightly striped with rose on a primrose ground. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Purple and Blue group) 
 
 HESTER 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Rawson, 1910; Burpee. 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep blue stripe on white. 
 
 Description in detail — Ground color of standard and wings purplish-tinted white, 
 striped with violet-purple 192 (1-2). Flower of medium size, open form; standard 
 of medium size, erect, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers 
 two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Growth strong, 
 vigorous. 
 
 Comparison — Prince Olaf is superior. 
 
 MARBLED BLUE 
 
 Originated by Sutton & Sons. Introduced by Sutton, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — White, striped witli blue. 
 Comparison — Similar to Hester. 
 
 PRINCE OLAF 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie. 
 
 Description in brief — White, striped with blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish-tinted white, striped with 
 lobelia-blue 205 (3) ; wings 205(1). Flower of medium size or larger; standard of 
 
250 Bulletin 342 
 
 medium size, slightly rcflcxcd at times; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers 
 usually three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, con- 
 tinuous. Pedicels blackish. Suitable for home decoration. 
 
 Comparison — Has a trifle more red in the flowers than Hester. 
 
 Remarks — The best variety in this color and class. 
 
 PURPLE BROWN STRIPE 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A white variety, striped with maroon on standard and with 
 violet on wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Ground color rosy white 8 (4) ; standard striped with dark 
 violet 193 (3-4), wings with bright violet-purple. Flower of medium size; standard 
 of medium size, flat, with narrow base and notched top; wings long and broad, 
 partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 
 Bloom moderately profuse, but continuous. 
 
 Synonyms — A variety named Black Brown Striped proved to be the same. Light 
 Blue and Purple Striped White is the same variety. 
 
 Striped Red and Rose (Crimson-on-white group) 
 
 AMERICA 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1896. 
 
 Donated by Morse, Vaughan, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A carmine stripe on white. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard and wings striped with carmine-red on a very white 
 
 ground. Flower medium to large, open form; standard medium to large, flat; 
 
 wings long. Flowers two to three, on long, wiry stems. Very fragrant. Bloom 
 
 profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets 
 
 narrow, pointed; pedicels red. 
 Comparison — Distinct from Queen of the Isles. 
 Remarks — The brightest red-striped variety. Name originally proposed was Toreador. 
 
 COLUMBIA 
 
 Originated by Hutchins. Introduced by Hutchins, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Morse. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard light crimson, wings lavender, striped on white. 
 
 DAYBREAK 
 
 Originated by Hutchins. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — White, striped with carmine; wings striped with rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2) striped and grained 
 on white, back carmine-purple in center with lighter edges; wings white, with 
 markings of violet-rose 154 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of 
 medium size, flat, with notched top and narrow base; wings long and narrow, 
 partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, con- 
 tinuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaves narrow, pointed. 
 
Classification or Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 251 
 
 INVINCIBLE SCARLET STRIPED 
 
 Description in brief — Red-striped on a white ground. 
 
 INVINCIBLE STRIPED 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Carter, 1880. 
 
 Description in brief — Striped with crimson on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — In Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station the following description of this 
 variety appears : ' ' Flowers medium size. Standard slightly convex, notched. ' 
 Color, white streaked with pink, rather cheap. Bloom profuse." 
 
 Remarks — Awarded a First Class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society on 
 August 22, 1883. 
 
 QUEEN OF THE ISLES 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1885. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — White, striped with carmine-purple. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard striped with carmine-purple 156 (2-3) on a rosy white 
 
 8 (3-4) ground; wings striped with solferino-red 157 (i) on a rosy white ground. 
 
 Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium size, reflexed, with notched 
 
 top and narrow base; wings long and narrow. Flowers two, on short or medium 
 
 stems of only moderate strength. Bloom moderate. Plant of medium height, 
 
 slender. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Queen of the Isles has more purple in the stripes of the wings, and less 
 
 intense red in the stripes of the standard, than is found in America. America is 
 
 a self, Queen of the Isles is not. 
 
 RED AND WHITE STRIPED 
 
 Description in detail — In Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station the variety is described as follows: 
 " Flowers medium size. Standard convex. Color white strongly streaked with 
 pink. Bloom sparse." 
 
 Comparison — This variety was superseded by America. 
 
 Synonyms — " Is Scarlet Striped." — Bulletin 127 of this station. 
 
 Striped Red and Rose (Pink-on-white group) 
 
 BERTIE HAMILTON 
 
 Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, i8q8. 
 
 Description in brief — Lightly striped with dark ox blood on front of standard and 
 wings, and more heavily striped on reverse. 
 
 DUCHESS OF YORK 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1894. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A light pink stripe on white. 
 
 Description in d-tail — Standard and wings striped with pale lilac-rose 130 (2) on a lilacy 
 white 7 (i) ground. Flower meditun to large, open form; standard medium to 
 large, fiat; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers borne on medium 
 stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height 
 and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Ramona is similar in color but is of hooded form. 
 
2 52 Bulletin ,:;42 
 
 MINNEHAHA 
 Originated by Walker. Introduced by Peter Henderson & Co., 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — Striped with pale pink. 
 
 White 
 
 ALBA MAGNIFICA 
 
 Originated by Henderson. Introduced by Henderson, 1891. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3). Flower small, open form, with 
 notched standard and narrow base. 
 
 Comparison — An improvement on Queen of Enj^land, but superseded in its tvu-n by- 
 Emily Henderson. 
 
 EARLIEST WHITE 
 
 Originated by Gould. Introduced by Burpee, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Burpee. 
 
 Description in brief — A very early, white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3); wings and standard have no trace 
 of color except in the young bud. Flower of medium size, open form; standard 
 notched; wings long and broad. Substance good. Flowers one to three, on short 
 to medium stems. Fragrant. Plant dwarf. Leaflets dark green, narrow, pointed. 
 Seed large, round, black. 
 
 Remarks — This variety properly belongs to the winter-fiowering type, but is also 
 grown in gardens. Valuable only for very early flowers. 
 
 EMILY HENDERSON 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1895. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Flower of medium size, open form; standard with notched top 
 and narrow base, inclined to curve back at the side.5. Flowers borne on slender 
 stems of moderate length, appearing to be far apart on the stems. Easily injured 
 by wet weather. Plant slender, but tall. 
 
 Remarks — No longer of any value. For ten yetirs the standard white variety 
 
 GRACE MAY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description tn detail — "A magnificent large flowering white sweet pea. The individual 
 
 flowers often measure two and one half inches in diameter ami waxy wliite color 
 
 and highly perfumed." — May's catalogue, 1894. 
 
 JOSEPHINE WHITE 
 
 Originated by Ferry. Introduced by Ferry, 1902. 
 
 Description in brief — A white variety. 
 
 MRS. LANGTRY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — "A charming white." — Introducer's description, 1894. 
 Description in detail — " Flowers medium size. Standard flat, notched. Color, pure 
 white, rich. Bloom medium." — Bulletin iii of this station. 
 
Bl'LI.ETIN 34:? 
 
 Plate XVII 
 
 Janet Scott 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 253 
 
 MONT BLANC 
 
 Originated by Ernest Benary(?). Iiilroduced by Bcnary, 1900. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — An early, pure white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (i). Flower of 
 
 medium size, open form; standard of medium size, flat, notched; wings of medium 
 
 size, spreading. Plant slender, of dwarf growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Seed white. 
 Comparison — Not so early as Earliest of All, which also has the advantage of black 
 
 seeds, giving better germination in cold soil early in the spring. 
 Remarks — Belongs properly to the winter-flowering type, but is grown in gardens 
 
 for early bloom. 
 
 QUEEN OF ENGLAND 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Flower small, open form; standard notched at top, often 
 
 at sides, and with a narrow base. Flowers two to three, on slender stems of 
 
 medium length. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. 
 Comparison — Superseded by Alba Magnifica and Emily Henderson. 
 
 SHASTA 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, pure white flower, of open form. 
 
 Description in detail — Color 2 (i), opens light primrose, changing to pure white. 
 Flower large, open form; standard large, generally showing a slight notch and a 
 trace of waviness; wings of medium size. Flowers usually three, on long, strong 
 stems. Fragrant. Plant of tall, very strong growth. 
 
 SNOWFLAKE 
 
 Originated by S. Fisher. Introduced by Breck, 1897. 
 
 Description in brief — A pure white. 
 
 Remarks — One of the first varieties to receive a first-class certificate from an American 
 horticultural society, having received this award from the Massachusetts Horti- 
 cultural Society in 1893. 
 
 WHITE TRIUMPH 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — "A large, expanded white." — Introducer's catalogue. 
 Comparison — A white form of Triumph. 
 
 ZERO 
 
 Originated by Biflfen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — An early, pure white variety. 
 
254 Bulletin 342 
 
 Yellow Shades 
 
 DEVONSHIRE CREAM 
 
 Originated by Bathurst. Introduced by G. H. Mackcrcth, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, primrose variety. 
 
 Comparison — Said to be like Shasta in primrose color. Introduced as an improved 
 form of The Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon. 
 
 EARLIEST SUNBEAMS 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — An early-flowering, primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (1-2), back a deeper shade; 
 wings a slightly lighter color. Flower open form; standard notched; wings long 
 and broad. Substance good. Flowers one to three, on medium stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom early and free. Plant of short height. Leaflets dark green, 
 narrow, pointed. Seed white. 
 
 Remarks — Properly belongs to the winter-flowering type. Sometimes planted with 
 Earliest White and Earliest of All for very early bloom. 
 
 HAROLD 
 
 Originated by Isaac House & Sons. Introduced by House, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A primrose variety. 
 Comparison — Said to be a cream-colored Shasta. 
 
 INCONSTANCY 
 
 Originated by Ferry. Introduced by Ferrj', 1902. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A yellow and white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (standard 3-4, 
 wings 1-2); the standard fades to 10(1); the general effect is of yellow and white 
 flowers on the same plant, hence the name. Flower of medium size, open form; 
 standard of medium size, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, 
 partly open. Flowers on strong stems of medium length. Bloom profuse, con- 
 tinuous. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, 
 pointed; tendrils green. Seed white. 
 
 PRIMROSE 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. 
 
 Description in brief — A light primrose self, of medium size and open form. 
 Comparison — Golden Gleam, Mrs. Eckford, and similar varieties, are larger, finer 
 varieties of this shade. 
 
HOODED VARIETIES 
 
 ^'"^°'' AMERICAN BELLE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1894. 
 
 Description in brief — " Standard bright rose; wings crystal white, with purpKsh car- 
 mine spots." — Introducer's description. 
 
 Synonyms — In Bulletin 127 of this station American Belle is said to be Apple 
 Blossom. 
 
 APPLE BLOSSOM 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard rose-pink; wings white, tinged with pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4) in the center, with lighter 
 edges; wings pale pink 135 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard 
 of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, concealing the 
 keel. Flowers two to three, on good stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Plant of medium growth. Leaflets dark green, narrow, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Has greater contrast between standard and wings than is shown in 
 Royal Rose. 
 
 Remarks — Very variable in color. 
 
 COQUETTE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard shaded with lavender on a primrose ground ; wings 
 primrose. 
 
 CROWN JEWEL 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 
 
 Description in brief — Tinted and veined with violet-rose on a primrose ground. 
 
 DAWN 
 
 Originated by G. Stark & Son. Introduced by Stark. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard light crimson-magenta; wings white, shaded crimson. 
 
 EMILY LYNCH 
 
 Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — .Standard rose; wings rose on a primrose ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4); wings mauve-rose 153 (i) 
 on a primrose-tinted groimd. Flower small to medium, hooded form; standard 
 small to medium, hooded, with notched top and sides; wings short and broad, 
 partly open. Flowers two, on short or medium stems. Very fragrant. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Bums slightly in hot sunshine. Plant of medium 
 height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored at first, 
 changing to green. 
 
 Comparison — Superseded by Jeannie Gordon. 
 
 Remarks — One of the first of the Apple Blossom group. 
 
 HILDA JEFFREY 
 
 Originated by C. W. Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — "Delicate rose shaded cream."— Gardener's World, 1908, 
 
 page 82. 
 Comparison — Is said to be an improvement on Jeannie Gordon. 
 
 255 
 
256 Bulletin 342 
 
 JEANNIE GORDON 
 
 Originated by Eckford. hitrodiiced by Eckfonl, 1902. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Burpee. 
 
 Description in brief — A bright rose on a cream ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep rose-pink 120 (1-2); wings rosy pink 
 118 (i) on a primrosy ground; base of standard often has a trace of primrose color. 
 Flower medium large, hooded; standard medium large, hooded, with round top; 
 wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, irregularly placed on 
 long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant 
 of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Emily Lynch is very similar in color, but is smaller. 
 
 Remarks — The best of the old type in this color. 
 
 LADY SKELMERSDALE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 
 
 Description in brief — " Standard bright rosy lilac; wings slightly shaded bright rosy 
 lilac." — Burpee's catalogue. 
 
 MRS. E. OILMAN 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A pale rose bicolor. 
 
 ROYAL ROSE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard pink; wings rose, with lighter edges. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4), back 155 (1-2); wings 
 violet-rose 154 (1-2). Flower large, hooded; standard large, hooded, with round 
 top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on long, strong 
 stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — The waved form of this variety is Apple Blossom Spencer. 
 
 TWEEDY SMITH 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1907. 
 
 Description in brief — " Standard light magenta lilac; wings light cream." — Morse's 
 Field Notes on Sweet Peas. 
 
 Blue and Purple Shades (Bright Blue group) 
 
 ENID 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep blue variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings aniline blue 202 (1-2); wings 
 deeper than standard. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium 
 size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, partly open. Flowers 
 two, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Sunproof. Suitable for home decora- 
 tion. Plant of mcflium height, slender, healthy. Tendrils green. Seed round, 
 mottled. 
 
 Comparison — The general effect is lighter than Eileen and deeper than Flora Norton. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 257 
 
 Blue and Purple Shades (Purple standard, blue wings) 
 
 CAPTAIN OF THE BLUES 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, igii. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard bright violet-purple, wings lavender-blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (3-4) ; wings lavender- 
 blue 204 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, 
 slightly hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, broad, partly open. Flow- 
 ers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Plant tall, of moderately strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, 
 
 Comparison — Imperial Blue is an inferior form of this. Baden Powell is considered 
 to be the same. 
 
 Remarks — Offered in the United States by Farquhar in 1891. 
 
 COUNTESS CADOGAN 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard bluish purple, wings blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (2), becoming more 
 blue at the base, back violet-purple 192 (2); wings bluish violet 203 (i), losing 
 the purple shading, becoming light blue, back 203 (4). Flower large, hooded 
 form; standard large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. 
 Flowers two to three, usually two, on medivun stems. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Tendrils show some color. 
 
 DAVID R. WILLIAMSON 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1905. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard bluish purple, wings lavender-blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (2), back 192 (2); 
 
 wings lavender-blue 204 (2) ; keel same as wings. Flower large, hooded form; 
 
 standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. 
 
 Flowers two to three, usually two, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very 
 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets 
 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 DUKE OF WESTMINSTER 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard purple, wings blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (4); wings aniline blue 
 202 (2). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round 
 top; wings long and broad; keel same as wings. Flowers two to three, on long, 
 strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden or exhibition variety. 
 Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; some plants possess 
 axillary color. 
 
 Remarks — One of the best of the old varieties. 
 
258 Bulletin 342 
 
 IMPERIAL BLUE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1887. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard purple, wings light blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rich pansy-violet 192 (1-2), back 191 (4); 
 wings bishop's violet 189 (4), shaded lavender-blue 204 (i). Flower of medium 
 size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with notched sides; wings 
 long and narrow. Bloom profuse. 
 
 Comparison — Captain of the Blues is a large, improved form of this variation. 
 
 Synonyms — Madam Carnot is said to be the same variety. Grand Blue is the same. 
 
 MADAME CARNOT 
 
 Originated by Laxton. Introduced by Laxton, 1892. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, inferior form of Captain of the Blues. 
 Synonyms — Morse states that Imperial Blue is the same variety. 
 
 WAVERLY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard purple, wings blue. 
 Comparison — Duke of Westminster is similar l)ul larger. 
 
 Blue and Purple Shades (Violet and Indigo grouj)) 
 
 BRILLIANT BLUE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1907. 
 
 Description in brief — A dark navy blue variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bluish violet 203 (4-5) ; wings light bluish 
 
 violet 202 (4), changing to bluish violet 203 (4). Flower large, hooded form; 
 
 standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings meditim broad, partly 
 
 open to spreading. Flowers two to three, usually three, on strong stems of medium 
 
 length. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Synonyms — .Same as Lord Nelson (House, 1907). 
 Remarks — The best dark blue of the old type. 
 
 LORD NELSON 
 
 Originated by House. Introduced by House, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A dark navy blue variety. 
 
 Description in detail — (.See description of Brilliant Blue.) 
 
 Synonyms — This is the name used in Great Britain for Brilliant Blue. 
 
 NAVY BLUE 
 Originated by James Sproule. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. 
 
 Description in brief — General effect is dark blue; standard lavender-blue, wings 
 
 bluish violet. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lavender-blue 204 (4-5); wings bluish violet 
 
 203 (4), becoming .slightly more purple. Flower medium to large, hooded form; 
 
 standard medium large, slightly hooded, sometimes slightly notched at top; wings 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 259 
 
 broad and moderately long, partly open. Flowers two to three, equidistant on 
 strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong 
 growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils green; no axillary color. 
 
 Blush 
 
 ACME 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — A blush-white variety. 
 Comparison — Said to be a blush Dorothy Eckford. 
 
 AGNES ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A very light pink self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2). Flower 
 above medium size, hooded form; standard above medium size, hooded, with round 
 top; wings long and partly open. Flowers three, equidistant on long stems. Very 
 fragrant. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored 
 at first, becoming green when fully developed; axillary color in peduncles and 
 leaflets. 
 
 Comparison — Larger and better than California. 
 
 BLUSHING BEAUTY 
 
 Originated by Eclcford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, light pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (i); standard 
 becomes paler at the edges. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of 
 medium size, extremely hooded, without apical notch; wings of medium size but 
 long, partly open. Flowers usually two, on long stems of moderate strength. 
 Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — California is similar, but is lighter in color. Royal Robe is similar, but 
 darker. Prima Donna is darker, larger, and superior in every respect. 
 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
 Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A small, very light pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (1-2); wings lilacy white 
 
 7 (4). Flower small, hooded form; standard small, much hooded, often curled; 
 
 wings of medium size, long, partly open. Flowers usually two, on long stems of 
 
 moderate strength. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Comparison — Agnes Eckford is much superior. Blushing Beauty is similar, but 
 
 darker. 
 
 COTTAGE MAID 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Sutton. 
 
 Description in brief — Pale blush on white. 
 
26o niLLETlN 342 
 
 COUNTESS OF ABERDEEN 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckforcl, 1895. 
 
 Description in brief — A pale pink variety. 
 
 DELICATA 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Stark, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — White, tinted pink. 
 Synonyms — Considered same as Modesty. 
 
 DUCHESS OF SUTHERLAND 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — vSilvery white, tinted pink. 
 Synonyms — Same as Modesty. 
 
 EVELYN BREADMORE 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — Shining white, witli sHght tinge of pink in standard. 
 
 LADY ABERDARE 
 
 Originated by . Iiilroduced by Breadmore, 1904. 
 
 Description in brief — " Soft hght ])ink self."— Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 MRS. S. T. WALKER 
 
 Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — Pale blush-pink, hooded. 
 
 MODESTY 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Silvery white, tinted pink. 
 
 SENSATION 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — .Standard very light pink and buff; wings white. 
 Comparison — ■ A hooded Alice Eckford. 
 
 Carmine and Rose (Carmine group) 
 
 COLONIST 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — A bright rose-crimson, changing to jjurplish crimson. 
 
 MRS. DUGDALE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 
 
 Donated by BurpcL', 1911. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, slightly hooded, crimson-rose on a primrose ground. 
 Description iu detail — Flower large, hooded; standard large, slightly hooded; wings 
 large, long and broad. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 261 
 
 MRS. R. M. SHELTON 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — A hooded, rosy carmine self. 
 
 Carmine and Rose (Rose group) 
 
 BRITISH QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Angus. Introduced by . 
 
 Description in brief — A double form of Her Majesty. 
 
 Remarks — This was shown by Mr. Angus, Norwood Hall, Aberdeen, and received a 
 First Class Certificate from the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society in 1898. 
 
 CYRIL BREADMORE 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906* 
 
 Description in brief — A slightly hooded, rosy carmme variety. 
 Synonyms — Practically the same as Lord Roseberry. 
 
 ESMERALDA 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Kelway & Son. 
 
 Description in brief — " A distinct shade of rose." — Kelway Manual, 191 1. 
 
 HER MAJESTY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, hooded, rose-crimson self. 
 
 MAJESTIC 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1901. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, hooded, rose-red on a primrose ground. 
 
 ODDITY 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Deep pink, with deeper edges; wings lighter pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (3-4); wings violet-rose 
 154 (i). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, refiexed or crumpled, 
 with notched sides; wings long and narrow, some wings twisted or curled, con- 
 cealing the keel. Many flowers are double. Flowers two or three, irregularly 
 placed on long stems of medium strength. Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns 
 slightly. Plant of slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — Name given because of the form of the flowers; expresses value also. 
 
 OVID 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard purple-rose, wings violet-rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (1-2); wings violet-rose 
 i 54 (i ), back a deeper color; well-matured flowers are very bright. Flower of medium 
 size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, wings long and broad, con- 
 
262 Bulletin 342 
 
 cealing the keel. Flowers two, on medium stems. No apparent fragrance. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns slightly in very hot sunshine. Plant of 
 medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Novelty and Miss Hunt are the same color, but are smaller and open 
 form. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded, rose-crimson variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-rose 154 (4-5). Flower 
 large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded; wings long and broad, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance none. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of tall, stout, vigorous, 
 healthy growth. Color sometimes shown in axils of leaves and tendrils. 
 
 Comparison — Her Majesty and Splendour arc smaller and less bright. 
 
 Remarks — Represents the greatest advance made in the hooded varieties of this color. 
 
 SPLENDOUR 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1888. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded, rose-crimson variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard Tynan rose 155 ( i ) ; wings Tyrian rose 
 155 (1-2). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round and 
 looped top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on 
 long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
 Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark 
 green; tendrils colored. 
 
 Cerise 
 
 ANNIE B. GILROY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — " A deep cerise." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 Comparison — Introduced as an improved Coccinea. 
 Remarks — No longer catalogued by the introducer. 
 
 COCCINEA 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1901. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A bright cerise self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings crimson-red 114 (i). Flower 
 below medium size, hooded; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with round 
 top; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Moderately fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse, continuous. Flowers two to three, usually two. Burns badly. Plant 
 of medium height and slcntler growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, blue-green; 
 tendrils short, colored. Habit distinct. 
 
 PRINCESS MAUD OF WALES 
 
 Originated by Eck-ford. Introduced by Eckford, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — " A pale coccinea." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 Remarks — No longer catalogued by the originator. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 263 
 
 Cream-Pink 
 
 CORAL GEM 
 
 Originated by Tuttle. Introduced by Vaughan, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Vaughan, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A soft, light cream-pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2); center 
 stripe of standard 153 (4). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, 
 hooded, with round top; wings long and broad. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
 
 COUNTESS OF LATHOM 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A cream-pink self. 
 
 Description in detail — -Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2); wings mauve-rose 153 
 (1-2); both on a primrose ground. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard 
 of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings broad, partially spreading. Flow- 
 ers two to three, borne on long stems of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. 
 A moderately productive variety. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Tendrils 
 green. 
 
 Comparison — Color is between Venus and Honorable F. Bouverie. 
 
 GRACIE GREENWOOD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1902. 
 
 Description in brief — A slightly hooded flower; cream, shaded delicate pink. 
 
 G. W. KERR 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Bakers, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — Coral-pink, deeper shade on edge. 
 
 HONORABLE F. BOUVERIE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep pink on a primrose ground. The edges are very light 
 pink, the color deepening toward the center. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-3) on a creamy 
 white 10 (3-4) grovmd. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium 
 size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings short and narrow, partly open. Flow- 
 ers three, equidistant on long stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of 
 tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Is Lovely on a primrose ground. 
 
 JANET SCOTT 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Burpee, 1910. 
 
 Description in 6n>/— Bright pink, tinged with buff. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of wings and standard mauve-rose 153 (2-3); standard 
 shows traces of yellow, which is more pronounced in the upper flower as well as 
 in the bud. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, with round top; 
 
264 Bulletin 342 
 
 wings long, upright, and pointed. Flowers two to three, usually three, equi- 
 distant on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored until mature. 
 Remarks — One of the best-known varieties. 
 
 MISS BOSTOCK 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. 
 
 Description in brief — Cream-pink. 
 
 MRS. CHARLES MASTERS 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — " Standard rosy salmon, wings cream." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 QUEEN OF SPAIN 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — "A pearly pink self." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 1 53 ( i ) . Flower of 
 medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; 
 wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. 
 Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. A fine garden variety. Plant of distinct 
 character; growth strong and vigorous. Tendrils profusely colored ; color in a.xils 
 of peduncles, leaves, and leaflets; flower stems also tinged brown. 
 
 Comparison — On the grounds at this station this variety is more productive than 
 Countess of Lathom. 
 
 VENUS 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. 
 
 Description in brief — A hooded variety; flowers salmon-buff, shaded pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-2) on a primrose 
 ground. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, 
 with round top; wings short, partly open. Flowers two to three, on medium 
 wiry stems. Very fragrant. Plant of tall, slender growth. Tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — As the season advances, the flowers have more pink color. 
 
 Crimson and Scarlet (Crimson group) 
 
 BOB 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — " A deep red with wings tinted rose." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 BRILLIANT 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Burpee. 
 
 Description in brief ^ A slightly hooded, crimson-scarlet variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2-3); wings Tyrian 
 rose 155 (i). Flower of medium size, slightly hooded form; standard of medium 
 size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 265 
 
 Substance poor. Flowers two to three, usually two, on medium stems. Bloom 
 profuse and continuous. Burns badly. Plant of medium height, with slender 
 haulms, but makes a heavy row. 
 Comparison — Same color as Ignea in standard, but Brilliant has less contrast in wings. 
 
 HARVARD 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Breck, 1894. 
 
 Synonymns — In Bulletin 127 of this station this is said to be Ignea. 
 
 IGNEA 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — ■ Crimson-scarlet wings, tinged with purplish crimson. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (2); wings solferino-red 
 157 (i). Flower of medium size, slightly hooded form; standard medium hooded, 
 with round top and apical fold; wings long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flow- 
 ers two, on strong stems of medium length. Flower burns badly, the veins soon 
 blackening or taking on a sickly purple hue. Plant of medium height. Leaflets 
 narrow, pointed. 
 
 MARS 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 
 
 Description in brief — A hooded, rich crimson self. 
 
 MILLIE MASLIN 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A very dark crimson-red. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-purple 160 (3-4), veined darker; wings 
 lilac-purple 160 (1-2), often with more purple shading. Flower medium large, 
 hooded form; standard medium to large, slightly hooded; wings long and narrow. 
 Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom moderately 
 profuse. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; 
 tendrils green. 
 
 SALOPIAN 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-carmine 159 (4); wings crimson- 
 carmine 159 (2), back 159 (4). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of 
 medium size, slightly hooded; wings of medium size, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 two to three, on medium stems. Fragrance none. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. 
 Plant of medium height and stout growth. Tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — This variety was superseded by King Edward VII. Salopian is a 
 deeper, richer color, especially in the wings, than Brilliant or Mars. 
 
 Remarks — ■ The original Salopian burned badly under a hot sun. By selection a 
 strain was secured which exhibited little or no burning. The trial at this station 
 was probably with this form. A pure stock. 
 
266 Bulletin 342 
 
 SUNPROOF SALOPIAN 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1900. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A sunproof strain of Salopian. 
 
 Remarks — Nt) difTcrence was noted in the trials at this station. It is probable that the 
 Sunproof Salopian was supplied, at least to all American customers, instead of 
 the Salopian, owing to the fact that the latter was subject to burning under our 
 hot suns. 
 
 Crimson and Scarlet (Scarlet group) 
 
 KESTON RED 
 
 Originated by ^ . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — A rich scarlet. 
 
 Remarks — Was introduced as an improved Scarlet Gem. Not in the trade at the 
 present time. 
 
 QUEEN ALEXANDRA 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Rawson, 19 10; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A bright, intense, scarlet self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings French purple 161 (2). Flower 
 of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with 
 round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on 
 long, strong stems. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, 
 pointed. 
 
 Dark Shades (Maroon group) 
 
 ADMIRAL TOGO 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — " Extremely dark violet maroon." — Sweet Pea Annual. Flow- 
 ers hooded. 
 
 BLACKBIRD 
 
 Originated by Sharpe. Introduced by Bolton, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Rawson, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A very dark maroon variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard dark purple 191 (4); wings dark purple 
 191 (i). Flower medium to large, hooded form; standard medium to large, 
 hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
 to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sun- 
 proof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Synonyms — Midnight (Burpee, 1908). 
 
 BLUE BIRD 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Strong. 
 
 Description in brief — "Flowers medium size. Standard hooded. Color, dark 
 purple-red. Bloom medium." — Bulletin 1 1 1 of this station. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 267 
 
 HANNAH DALE 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep maroon self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings deep carmine- violet 174 (4). 
 Flower large, slightly hooded form; standard above large, slightly hooded, with 
 notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
 on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant 
 of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — The flowers decrease rapidly in size. 
 
 MIDNIGHT 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — Deep maroon and indigo. 
 
 NIGGER 
 
 Originated by House. Introduced by House, 1905. 
 
 Description in brief — " Nearly black." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 Dark Shades (Maroon and Bronze group) 
 
 H. J. R. DIGGES 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — "A bright claret shaded maroon." — Eckford's catalogue. 
 
 JET 
 
 Originated by Hugh Aldersey. Introduced by Sydenham, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard very dark maroon ; wings very dark indigo. 
 Synonyms — Considered the same as Midnight (Burpee, 1908). 
 
 OTHELLO 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introdticed by Eckford, -1899. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep maroon self. 
 
 Description in detail — Back of standard dull. Flower large, hooded form; standard 
 large, hooded, with round top; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. 
 Substance good. Flowers generally three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance 
 httle or none. Plant of tall, strong, robust growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 SHAHZADA 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A very dark maroon and purple variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard dark purple 191 (4); wings violet-purple 
 192 (2-3). Flower of medium size, hooded; standard slightly hooded, with round 
 top; wings of medium size, long, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, 
 on short, weak stems. 
 
 Comparison — Has standard of the same color as Othello, but the wings are different. 
 
 Remarks — Said to be a cross between Stanley and Her Majesty. 
 
268 Bulletin 342 
 
 Dark Shades (Maroc.n and Violcl j^ruui)) 
 
 DOUBLE DUKE OF CLARENCE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, i8q6. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine- violet 174 (4-5); wings rich 
 pansy-violet 191 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form, double; standard 
 of medium size, hooded, sometimes two on lower flower of the spike; wings long 
 and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Plant of tall, vigorous 
 growth. 
 
 DUDLEY LEES 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — A slightly hooded, deep maroon variety. 
 
 Comparison — Introduced as an improved Black Knight. 
 
 DUKE OF CLARENCE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Description in brief — "A rich dark claret." — Hutchins' catalogue. 
 Comparison — Double Duke of Clarence is the double form of tliis. 
 
 DUKE OF SUTHERLAND 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard dark violet, wings deep violet-blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard dark violet 192 (2-3); wings violet-purple 
 192 (2-3). Flower medium large, hooded form; standard medium large, hooded, 
 with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers three, on strong 
 stems of medium length. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 HORACE WRIGHT 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (4); wings bright violet- 
 purple 190 (4), back rich pansy-violet 191 (i). Flower large, hooded form; stand- 
 ard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the 
 keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Sunproof. Plant of 
 tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored; color appears in 
 axils. 
 
 Comparison — Indigo King has the same colors but is inferior in every respect. 
 
 IMPROVED DUDLEY LEES 
 
 Donated by Bide, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A dark maroon and purple variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (4 or darker); wings plum- 
 violet 172 (4) to deep purple 185 (4). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, 
 slightly hooded; wings long and drooping. Flowers two to three, on strong stems 
 of moderate length. Fragrance moderate. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium 
 height and slender growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. 
 
<o 
 
BrM,ETiN 342 
 
 Plate XIX 
 
 Lord Roseberry 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 269 
 
 Comparison — Is larger and darker, and blooms better, than Black Michael. Very 
 
 similar to Kelway Black. Larger than Black Knight. 
 Remarks — A very rich, dark-colored flower. Dudley Lees was sent out by Breadmore 
 
 in 1908. 
 
 INDIGO KING 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep violet-blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine-violet 174 (4); wings bright 
 violet-purple 190 (2). Flower under medium size, hooded form; standard under 
 njedium size, hooded, notched at side, wings long and narrow. Moderately pro- 
 ductive. Plant of medium height. 
 
 Comparison — Monarch is somewhat similar in color. Horace Wright is the best 
 variety of these colors. 
 
 Synonyms — Autocrat (Henderson, 1888) is the same variety. 
 
 KELWAY BLACK 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Kelway, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Kelway, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep maroon variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple-brown 166 (3-4), veined with plum- 
 violet; wings plum-violet 172 (2-3). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, 
 reflexed, with notched top and broad base; wings long and broad. Substance 
 good. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
 Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils 
 green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Black Knight. 
 
 MONARCH 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1891. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep maroon-violet. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 1 72 (4) ; wings bright violet- 
 purple 190 (4), back rich pansy- violet 191 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded 
 form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded; wings long and narrow. Moder- 
 ately productive. Plant of medium height. 
 
 Comparison — Indigo King is smaller and less desirable. Duke of Sutherland is larger 
 and has more blue in the wings. 
 
 PURPLE KING 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, purple flower. 
 
 PURPLE PRINCE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1889. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings 190 (2-4); standard deeper than 
 wings. Flower of medium size, hooded; standard of medium size, hooded. 
 
2 70 Bulletin 342 
 
 Fancy 
 
 DORA BREADMORE 
 
 Originated by Brcadmore. Introduced by Breadmorc, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A slightly hooded primrose self, shaded buff. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard and wings fleshy white 9 (3-4). Flower of medium 
 
 size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with round top; 
 
 wings short and broad, partly open. Flowers three, irregularly placed on strong 
 
 stems of moderate length. Very fragrant. Bloom moderate. Plant of tall, 
 
 moderately strong growth. 
 Comparison — Somewhat similar to Lady M. Ormsby Gore, but lighter. 
 
 LADY M. ORMSBY GORE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1901. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 191 o. 
 
 Description in brief — A very light primrose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings amber-white 12 (i). Flower of 
 medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, extremely hooded, with round 
 top; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, usually three, irregu- 
 larly placed on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of 
 tall, strong growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Coquette is said to have had more pink color. Queen Victoria has less 
 substance, more primrose color, and a pinkish tint in the standard. 
 
 Remarks — On this soil and with the hot sunshine, no pink was noticed. 
 
 MARCHIONESS OF CHOLMONDELEY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Cream, overlaid with pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 (i); wings very lightly 
 tinted pale rosy pink 129 (i); both on a cream ground. Flower of medium size, 
 hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings short and 
 broad, spreading. Flowers two, equidistant on strong stems of medium length. 
 Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. No color in axils. 
 
 Comparison — This variety has lighter wings than Venus, which it resembles in the 
 standard. 
 
 MRS. FITZGERALD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 
 
 Synonyms — This is reported as being the same as the variety Stella Morse (Burpee, 
 1898). 
 
 MRS. H. KENDALL BARNES 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Dobbic, 19C5. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard cream, tinted a very light pink; wings light primrose. 
 Comparison — Differs from Lady M. Ormsby Gore in having pink in the standard. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 271 
 
 STELLA MORSE 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Cream, tinted pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings amber- white 12 (i), tinted 
 lilacy white 7 (4); deeper color at edges; general effect is creamy yellow; buds very 
 yellow. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly 
 hooded, with round top; wings short and broad, spreading. Flowers three, 
 irregularly placed on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
 Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Modesty and Duchess of Sutherland are the same, but on a white ground. 
 
 Synonyms — Mrs. Fitzgerald is a synonym. 
 
 SUE EARL 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Primrose, with a shading of mauve-rose; wings primrose. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard amber-white 12 (1-2); wings amber-white 
 
 12 (2-3); the standards of the lower blossoms take on a tinge of mauve-rose. Flower 
 
 of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded; wings long and 
 
 broad. 
 Remarks — Sent out for trial in 1902. Said to have been a cross between Lottie 
 
 Eckford and Mrs. Eckford. 
 
 Lavender 
 
 CELESTIAL 
 
 Originated by C. Lorenz. Introduced by Lorenz, 1896. 
 
 Synonyms — (See New Countess.) 
 
 COUNTESS OF RADNOR 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1890. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910, 1911. 
 
 Description in brief — A lavender variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1-2); wings heliotrope 188 (i). 
 
 Flower of medium size; standard of medium size; wings medium long and narrow. 
 
 Flowers two to three. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Suitable for home 
 
 decoration. 
 Comparison — Soon after it was sent out. Countess of Radnor had too much red in 
 
 the standard. New Countess and Celestial were improvements in color. 
 
 FLORIST LAVENDER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Bath, 1909. 
 
 Comparison — Said to be a sport of Navy Blue. 
 
 J. T. CRIER 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1907. 
 
 Description in brief — A lavender self. 
 
272 Bulletin 342 
 
 LADY COOPER 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — A slightly hooded, clear lavender self. 
 
 LADY GRIZEL HAMILTON 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, lyio; Bur[)ee. 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A violet and lilac-mauve variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-mauve 195 (1-2); wings lilac-mauve 
 196 (1-2); the back in each being a shade deeper. Flower large; standard large, 
 hooded; wings long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, moderately strong 
 stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Suitable for home decoration or for 
 market. Plant of moderately vigorous growth. 
 
 Comparison — Is deeper in color than Countess of Radnor, but fades to the same 
 shade. 
 
 Remarks — The best of its color in the old type. 
 
 LADY NINA BALFOUR 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard mauve, wings lavender. 
 
 MADELINE COLE 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by vStark, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A pale lavender self. 
 
 MINNIE KEEPERS 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by May, 1895. 
 
 Description in brief — "Flower large. Standard hooded. Color, standard pinkish 
 
 lilac, wings lilac. Bloom medium." — Bulletin 11 1 of this station. Described 
 
 by May as a " delicate lavender." 
 
 MRS. GEORGE HIGGINSON, JR. 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Vaughan, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A very light lavender variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings Parma violet 200 (1-2). Flower 
 of medium size; standard of medium size, slightly hooded; wings medium long and 
 narrow, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. 
 Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Suitable for home decoration. 
 
 Synonyms — True Lavender is the same variety. 
 
 MRS. ISAAC HOUSE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by House, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — " Silvery lavender."— Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 NEW COUNTESS 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 
 
 Description in brief — A selected strain of Countess of Radnor with no reddish mauve 
 in the standard. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 273 
 
 Syiioiyms — Same as Celestial. 
 
 Remarks — "A selection from a single plant." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
 
 THE FAIRY 
 
 Origittated by . Introduced by Johnson, 1907. 
 
 Description in brief — Opens white, changing to lavender. 
 
 TRUE LAVENDER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Bath, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — A light lavender variety. 
 
 Synonyms — This is said to be another name for Mrs. George Higginson, jr. 
 
 Magenta-Rose 
 
 EARL CROMER 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep reddish mauve. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings vinous-mauve 184 (i). Flower 
 large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings of 
 medium size, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height 
 and strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; some plants show color in the 
 developing tendrils; pedicels red; calyx shows some color. 
 
 Remarks — A distinct color. 
 
 FASHION 
 
 Originated by Mor.se. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, hooded, rose-magenta self. 
 
 GEORGE GORDON 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1907. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep reddish mauve. 
 
 LORD KENYON 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, hooded, magenta-rose variety. 
 
 LORD ROSEBERRY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1902. 
 
 Donated by "Qoddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A rosy magenta variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 (4); wings pure mauve 181 
 (3-4). Flower medium to large, hooded form; standard medium to large, with 
 round top; wings of medium size, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 two to three, on long stems. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. 
 Plant of medium height, but stout and healthy. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Lord Kenyon, but larger. Ovid has less violet color, and is 
 therefore lighter. American Queen is the open-form variety of this color. 
 
 Remarks — One of the best of its color. 
 
274 Bulletin 342 
 
 Marbled 
 
 DAWN 
 
 Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — " An improved Gray Friar. A beautiful pea with many double 
 
 flowers." — American Florist, 1900. 
 Comparison — Said to be a selection from Princess of Wales, the color being a marbled 
 
 Princess of Wales on white ground. 
 
 EXQUISITE 
 
 Originated by Batli. Introduced by Batli, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Veined willi blue on a white ground. 
 
 GLADYS FRENCH 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 191 o; Burpee. 
 
 Description in brief — A pale Helen Pierce. 
 
 Descripticn in detail — Standard veined, mottled, and marbled with light bluish violet 
 202 (i)on a purplish-tinted white 6 (2) ground; wings purplish-tinted white 6 (2), 
 veined on back 202 (i). Flower of medium size, open form; standard of medium 
 size, flat, with notched top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 two to three on stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
 Plant of medium height, strong, healthy. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Differs from Helen Pierce chiefly in the amount of color in the flower. 
 
 GRAY FRIAR 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, marbled with heliotrope on a white ground. 
 Remarks — The watered grayish effect of the color suggested the name. 
 
 PERDITA 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Bath. 
 
 Description in brief — Marbled with pink on a white ground. 
 
 PINK FRIAR 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1899. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, lightly marbled with rose-crimson on 
 a white ground. 
 
 SPECKLED BEAUTY 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, lightly marbled with liglit rose-crimson 
 
 on a primrose ground. 
 Comparison — Is Pink Friar on a primrose ground. 
 Synonyms — Domino (Henderson, 1905) is the same variety. 
 Remarks — The history of Speckled Beauty and Pink Friar indicates that they cannot 
 
 be li.xed. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 275 
 
 Mauve 
 
 ADMIRATION 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1900. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A rosy lavender. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1-3); wings 188 (2). Flower 
 of medium size or larger, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, some- 
 times showing trace of an apical notch; wings long and narrow, concealing the 
 keel. Flowers three, irregularly placed on very long, strong stems. Very fragrant. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets 
 narrow, pointed; axiUary color with the leaflets and sometimes with the leaves; 
 tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — " Coauette X Emily Eckford." — Morse's Field Notes on Sweet Peas. 
 
 ARGOSY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by House. 
 
 Description in brief — Lavender pink. 
 
 DOROTHY TENNANT 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, hooded; flower rosy mauve, changing to heliotrope. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (2), changing to heHo- 
 trope 188 (i); wings heliotrope 188 (1-2). Flower medium to large, hooded form; 
 standard medium to large, hooded, with round top; wings long and narrow, con- 
 ceaUng the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, medium stems. Very fragrant. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets 
 broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Newly open flowers of Dorothy Tennant resemble those of Emily Eck- 
 ford, but the latter shade off toward blue. 
 
 EMILY ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 19 10; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A purple-mauve, changing to light blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (1-2); wings 
 
 become more blue as the flower ages. Flower of medium size, hooded form; 
 
 standard of medium size, hooded slightly, with notched top; wings long and broad, 
 
 concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Very fragrant. 
 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Simproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets 
 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Dorothy Tennant resembles the recently opened blossoms. 
 Remarks — A cross between Mrs. Sankey and Splendour. Offered in America by 
 
 Breck in 1893. 
 
 FASCINATION 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1900. 
 
 Description in brief —" Standard magenta mauve; wings deep mauve."— Eckford's 
 catalogue. 
 
276 Bulletin 342 
 
 MRS. BIEBERSTEDT 
 
 Originated by . Inlroduced by Bell & Biebcrstedt, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep lavender self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (1-2), changing 
 to heliotrope 188 (1-3). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly 
 hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, 
 usually three, on long stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. vSunproof. Plant 
 of strong, vigorous growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — Distinct, and a very desirable variety for the garden. 
 
 MRS. TOM FOGG 
 
 Originated by Jones. Introduced by Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — " Mauve tinted pink." — vSweet Pea Annual. 
 
 MRS. WALTER WRIGHT 
 
 Originated by Eckford. hitrodiiced by Eckford, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard heliotrope, wings violet. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shades from pale light lilac 187 (2) to helio- 
 trope 188 (2); wings bishop's violet 189 (i). Flower large, hooded form; standard 
 large, extremely hooded, with round top; wings long and very broad, partly open. 
 Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Color intermediate between Dorothy Tennant and Emily Eckford. 
 Mrs. Walter Wright is larger than either. 
 
 ROMOLO PIAZZANI 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford. 
 
 Donated by 'QoAdington, 19 10; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A violet-blue, the wings changing to light lilac. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (i); wings pale light lilac 
 187 (i). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, 
 with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
 equidistant on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
 Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets pointed; tendrils 
 green. 
 
 Comparison — Less blue than Emily Eckford. 
 
 Orange Shades 
 
 BOLTON'S PINK 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1905. 
 
 Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — An orange-pink variety. 
 
 Description hi detail — Color bronzy old rose 148 (4); wings dark old rose 149 (l). 
 Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, without apical notch; wings 
 long and broad, partly open. Flowers usually three, on long, strong stems. Mod- 
 erately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — Is distinct from Miss Wilmoft. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 277 
 
 BUTTONHOLE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — A salmon-pink variety. 
 
 CHANCELLOR 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — Bright orange-pink. 
 
 Comparison — Lady Penzance is said to be practically the same, but is perhaps a little 
 lighter. 
 
 LADY MARY CURRIE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Crimson-tinted orange. 
 
 MISS WILMOTT 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Eckford, 1901. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Orange-pink, shaded with rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-old rose 145 (2), edge purple-rose 
 150 (4); wings dark old rose 149 (2) in front and purple-rose 150 (2) on the back. 
 Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, without apical notch; wings 
 long and broad, partly open. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very fra- 
 grant. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant of very tall, strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — Is less resistant to hot sunshine than Miss Wilmott Improved. 
 
 MISS WILMOTT IMPROVED 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Watkins & Simpson. 
 
 Description in brief — " Orange pink shaded rose." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 Comparison — This proved to be a good strain of Miss Wilmott. 
 
 MRS. J. MILLER 
 
 Originated by Jones. Introduced by Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — Salmon-pink self. 
 
 ORIENTAL 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — Bright orange-pink, veined with a deeper shade. 
 
 Picotee Edged (Lavender and Blue group) 
 
 BUTTERFLY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Sutton, 1878. 
 
 Donated by Morse', for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — White, tinted purple and edged with blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings edged lobelia blue 205 (1-2) on a 
 purplish-tinted ground 6 (3-4). Flower small to medium size, hooded form; 
 
278 Bulletin 342 
 
 standard small to medium size, hooded, with notched sides; wings short and broad. 
 
 Flowers two to three on stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, 
 
 strong, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Butterfly, Maid of Honor, and Lottie Eckford vary in the amount of 
 
 coloring distributed in the flower. 
 Remarks — One of the most important varieties ever grown. 
 
 DOLLY VARDEN 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard light purple, with lighter edges; wings light purple-blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (3-4); wings heliotrope 
 188 (1-2). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded 
 when side notches are present, flat, with narrow base; wings long and broad. Flow- 
 ers two to three, equidistant on .stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant 
 of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — vStandard not the same color as .Splendid Lilac. Described by Morse as 
 practically a hooded form of Splendid Lilac. 
 
 GOLDEN GATE 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard soft pinkish mauve; wings light mauve. Flowers 
 have peculiarly shaped wings, which stand up against the standard. 
 
 IVY MILLER 
 
 Originated by Miller. Introduced by Miller, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Burpee. 
 
 Description in brief — A light lilac, edged with blue and violet. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings pale light lilac 187 (i); standard 
 picotee-edged with aniline blue 202 (3); wings picotee-edged with violet-mauve 
 195 (i). Flower medium large, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, 
 with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
 equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
 Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong growth, healthy. Leaflets narrow, 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Lottie Eckford in form and size. Has more color suffused 
 in the flower. Superseded by Phenomenal." 
 
 LOTTIE ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1890. 
 
 Donated by 'Qoddmgton, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A lilac-white variety, picotee-edged with blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (1-4), edged with 
 ageratum blue 201 (3). Many double flowers. Flower medium to large, hooded 
 form; standard medium to large, hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, 
 concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and 
 fairly strong growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Butterfly is somewhat similar, but has less color when the flower opens 
 and is smaller in size. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 279 
 
 MAID OF HONOR 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — White, edged and shaded with light blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (2-3), edged with 
 ageratum blue 201 (2-3). Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of 
 medium size, hooded, with round top and many side notches; wings long and broad, 
 concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
 
 Comparison — Lottie Eckford is superior. 
 
 Synonyms — Butterfly Improved (Henderson Catalogue, 1898) is a synonym. 
 
 PHENOMENAL 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Henderson, 1905. 
 
 Donated by Morse, Vick, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — White, shaded and edged with mauve and heliotrope. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (3-4), picotee-edged with 
 violet-mauve 195 (i) changing to heliotrope 188 (i); wings edged with Parma 
 violet 200 (i). Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, sometimes 
 inclined to be wavy; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to 
 three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
 Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. 
 
 Remarks — The best of the picotee-edged blue varieties of this form. One of the best 
 doubles. 
 
 Picotee Edged (Pink group) 
 
 DAINTY 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish-tinted white 6 (i), edged with violet- 
 rose 154 (i), deeper color on back; wings purplish-tinted white, edge same; general 
 effect is pure white with pink edges; primrose-yellow in the bud. Flower of medium 
 size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, shell-shaped, with 
 round top; wings long and narrow. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong 
 stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets 
 broad, pointed; tendrils green; color appears in axils of leaves and leaflets. 
 
 Synonyms — • Pink Butterfly is a synonym. 
 
 Remarks — Some seed was sent out for advance trial in 1902. 
 
 NYMPHAEA 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Morse, Vaughan, 1910. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard amber- white 12 (2); wings 12 (i), changing 
 to pale light lilac 187 (i) except the top flower, which remains white. Flower of 
 medium size, hooded form; standard of medium size, slightly hooded, with slightly 
 wavy edges and round top; wings long and broad, upright. Flowers three, equi- 
 distant on the stem. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong 
 growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; axillary color in leaves and 
 leaflets. 
 
28o Bulletin 342 
 
 Pink 
 
 FLORRIE CRUTCHER 
 
 Originated hv ^ . Introduced by Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — Rose-pink, veined witli deeper pink. 
 
 LORD DERBY 
 
 Originated by . • Introduced by May, 1894. 
 
 Description in detail — " Flowers small. Standard slightly concave, wedge-shaped. 
 
 Color, standard pink, wings purple-pink. Bloom medium." — Bulletin iii of this 
 
 station. 
 Remarks — Color illustration appears on bark cover of May's catalogue for 1895. 
 
 LOVELY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 19 10; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (1-3) on a white 
 ground; color lighter at edges. Flower of medium size, hooded form; standard of 
 medium size, hooded, with roimd top; wings short and broad, partly open. Flow- 
 ers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Compariscn — The perfected type, of which Peach Blossom, Isa Eckford, and Crown 
 Princess of Prussia are inferior examples. 
 
 MRS. E. HERBERT 
 
 Originated by Jones. Introduced by Jones, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — Lilac-pink, veined deeper. 
 
 MRS. KNIGHTS-SMITH 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1904. 
 
 Description in brief — A pink self, hooded, with wide-spreading wings. 
 
 PRIMA DONNA 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1896. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A pure pink self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings mauve-rose 153 (i). Flower 
 above medium size, hooded form; standard above medium size, hooded, with 
 round top; wings of medium size, short and broad, varying from partly open to 
 spreading. Flowers two to three, usually three, on long, strong stems. Very 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant tall, strong, vigorous, healthy. Leaflets broad; 
 tendrils colored; color shown in axils of peduncles and leaflets. 
 
 Comparison — Blushing Beauty is similar, but is lighter in color. Royal Robe is slightly 
 darker and is smaller. 
 
 Remarks — Tlie leading jjink variety of the old type. 
 
 QUEEN OF PINKS 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Sutton, 1901. 
 
 Synonyms — Said to be another name for Prima Donna. 
 
Bulletin 342 
 
 Plate XX 
 
 Prima Donna 
 
fu 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 2S1 
 
 ROSE QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1905. 
 
 Description in brief — A rosy pink self. 
 
 ROYAL ROBE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Description in brief — A light pink self. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Chocolate stripes) 
 
 SENATOR 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1891. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, chocolate-striped variety. 
 
 Description in detait — Standard and wings striped with purple-brown 166 (1-2) on a 
 
 purplish-tinted 6 (2) ground. Flower large, hooded form; standard large, hooded, 
 
 with round top; wings long and broad. Fragrant. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Mauve or blue) 
 
 CAPRICE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1888. 
 
 Description in brief — "White watered and striped with mauve." — Henderson's 
 catalogue. 
 
 DOUGLAS BREADMORE 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — Slightly hooded, flaked with bright purple. 
 
 JUANITA 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 
 
 Dcnated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — White, standard striped with mauve and wings striped with 
 
 lavender. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1) on a lilacy white 7 (1-2) 
 
 ground; wings suffused with heliotrope. Flower of medium size, hooded form; 
 
 standard of medium size, hooded, with notched top; wings of medium size, long 
 
 and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. 
 
 Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of slender growth. 
 Comparison — Similar to Striped Celestial (Lorenz, 1897). 
 Remarks — The stock of this was mixed. 
 
 NITA 
 
 Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — A pale mauve stripe on a white ground. 
 Comparison — Superseded by Juanita. 
 
 PRINCESS OF WALES 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1886. 
 
 Description in brief — A hooded flower, striped with mauve and purple on white. 
 Comparison — Between Senator and Wawona in color. 
 
282 Bulletin 342 
 
 STRIPED CELESTIAL 
 
 Originated by Lorenz. Introduced by Lorenz, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (i) on a lilacy white 7 (1-2) 
 
 ground; wings suffused with heliotrope. Flower of medium size, hooded form; 
 
 standard of medium size, hooded, with notched top; wings of medium size, long 
 
 and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. 
 
 Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of slender growth. 
 Comparison — Similar to Juanita. 
 Remarks — The stock of this was pure. 
 
 STRIPED TENNANT 
 
 Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — " A darker form of Nita." — Walker's catalogue. 
 
 UNIQUE 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Rawson. 
 
 Description in brief — White, striped with light blue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard Parma violet 200 (3) on a white ground; wings 
 Parma violet 200 (1-2) on a white ground. Flower of medium size; standard of 
 medium size, slightly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad, concealing 
 the keel. Flowers two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, con- 
 tinuous. Garden variety. Plant of tall, stout growth. 
 
 Comparison — May be known as Flora Norton striped white. 
 
 Remarks — A distinct variety. 
 
 WAWONA 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A lilac stripe on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard striped with violet-rose 154 (4), wings striped with 
 magenta 182 (i), both on a purplish-tinted white 6 (4) ground. Flower of medium 
 size, hooded form; standard of medium size, hooded, with round top; wings long 
 and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaf- 
 lets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Juanita is a lighter color. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Red and rose on primrose ground) 
 
 EASTERN QUEEN 
 
 Description in brief — " Slightly flaked on cream ground." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 FLORENCE MOLYNEAUX 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1905. 
 
 Description in brief — Lightly striped with rose on a primrose ground. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 283 
 
 GOLDEN ROSE 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard amber- white 12 (3); wings amber-white 
 12 (1-2), faintly striped with pink, which in hot sunshine quickly disappears. 
 Flower large, hooded form; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings 
 very large, long and broad. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant of tall, strong 
 growth. Leaflets broad; tendrils green. 
 
 JESSIE CUTHBERTSON 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Debbie, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — - Pink stripe on a primrose ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color Rose Neyron red 119 (3) stripes on a yellowish white 13 
 (2) ground. Flower medium to large; standard medium to large, hooded, with 
 round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on 
 long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
 
 Comparison — Sunset is darker. 
 
 LOTTIE HUTCHINS 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — Slightly hooded, light pink stripe on a primrose ground. 
 
 SUNSET 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Vaughan, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Vaughan, 1910. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (1-2) stripes on a purplish- 
 tinted 6 (1-2) ground; wings 150 (2-3) on 6 (2-3) ground. Flower large, hooded 
 form; standard large, shghtly hooded, with round top; wings long and broad. 
 Flowers two, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Plant of medium height and strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — Appeared to be a little more heavily striped, and at this station a little 
 larger, than Jessie Cuthbertson. 
 
 Remarks — A badly mixed lot, from white to pink and lavender. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Red and rose on white ground) 
 
 ANNIE STARK 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, hooded flower. Lightly striped with light 
 
 crimson on a white ground. 
 Comparison — A heavier stripe than Ramona, but otherwise similar. 
 
 AURORA 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 19 10, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — White, striped with orange-rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color Rose Neyron red 119 (i) on a sulfury white 14 (i) ground. 
 Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with rotmd top; wings long and 
 
284 Bulletin 342 
 
 broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Mod- 
 erately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden or exhibition variety. 
 Plant of medium growth, stout, healthy. 
 
 Comparison — Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain does not have the orange tint. Coronet is 
 the true open form of this variety, but becomes pale on the edges. 
 
 Remarks — This variety and Dorothy Eckford represent the perfection of the hooded 
 form. 
 
 BRITANNIA 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1904. 
 
 Description in brief — A slightly hooded flower, flaked with crimson on a white ground. 
 
 CAPRICE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Jolonson, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, slightly hooded flower, delicately striped with carmine 
 on a white ground. 
 
 GAIETY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1893. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — A red stripe on a rosy white groimd. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of stripes of standard and wings solferino-red 157 (1-2) 
 on a rosy white ground. Flower of medium size, hooded; standard of medium size, 
 slightly hooded, showing both notched and round apices; wings long and broad. 
 Flowers two to three, usually two, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets 
 narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 LIGHT GAIETY 
 
 Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — A light form of Gaiety. 
 Comparison — Superseded by Ramona. 
 
 MIKADO 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded flower, flaked with bright rose-crimson on a white 
 ground. 
 
 MRS. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1895. 
 
 Description in brief — White, striped with rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings rosy white 8 (1), striped with 
 purple-rose 150 (i). Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round 
 top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, 
 strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of 
 medium height and stout, vigorous, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Does not have the orange tint seen in Aurora. 
 
 Remarks — Said to be a cross between Captain of the Blues and Mrs. Sankey. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the wSweet Pea 285 
 
 OREGONIA 
 
 Originated by Walker. Introduced by Walker, 1899. 
 
 Description in brief — A hooded flower, striped with brownish red on a white ground. 
 
 RAMONA 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1896. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A light pink stripe on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard and wings striped with pale lilac-rose 130 (2) on 
 a lilacy white 7 (i) ground. 
 
 White 
 
 ""^ ALBATROSS 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1907. 
 
 Descriptioti in brief — A pure white, black-seeded variety. 
 
 BLANCHE BURPEE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1894. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A slightly hooded, pure white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Flower medium to large, slightly hooded form; standard medium 
 
 large; wings notched. Flowers two to three, on short, slender stems. Productive. 
 
 Wet weather injures flowers. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Seed white. 
 
 DOROTHY ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, pure white flower of ideal hooded form. 
 
 Description in detail —~ Color of standard and wings amber- white 12 (i), becoming 
 
 pure white. Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings 
 
 large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. 
 
 Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A leading market variety. 
 
 Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaves dark green. Seed white. 
 Remarks — The ideal hooded type. 
 
 FINETTA BATHURST 
 
 Originated by Bathurst. Introduced by Mackereth, 1908. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, slightly hooded, white variety. 
 
 MRS. SANKEY 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1 889. 
 
 Description in brief — A pure white, black-seeded variety. 
 
 SADIE BURPEE (black-seeded) 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded, white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purpHsh-tinted white 6 (3); wings purplish- 
 tinted white 6 (i). Flower large; standard large, much hooded, with round top; 
 
286 Bulletin 742 
 
 wings medium broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. 
 Very fragrant. Plant of tall, erect, wiry growth. Leaves dark green; tendrils 
 colored; color in axils of leaves and leaflets. 
 
 SADIE BURPEE (v/hite-seeded) 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1899. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded, white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard sage tint 4 (i); wings snow white 2(1). Flower 
 large; standard large, much hooded, with round top; wings of medium size, broad, 
 concealing the keel. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Stems long and strong, 
 with three flowers. Plant of tall growth. Leaves dark green; tendrils green; 
 no color in axils. 
 
 Remarks — There is a form with black seed which shows a pinkish tint in the flowers. 
 
 THE BRIDE 
 
 Originated by Lynch. Introduced by Lynch, 1897. 
 
 Description in brief — A white-flowered variety of the type of Mrs. Eckford. 
 Rejtiarks — This variety has white seed and was introduced as a white selection of Mrs. 
 Eckford. 
 
 WHITE WONDER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Burpee, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, pure white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of stimdard and wings creamy white 10 (i); flower prim- 
 rose when it opens, but changes to pure white. Flower large, double; standards 
 often two or three, large and hooded; wings large, long and broad, partly open. 
 Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems; fully one half are double under good 
 culture. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 Remarks — The best double white among the older type of sweet peas. 
 
 Yellow Shades 
 
 ALBION 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. 
 
 Description in brief — An ivory-white variety. 
 
 CREAM OF BROCKHAMPTON 
 
 Originated by Foster. Introduced by Foster, 1902. 
 
 Description in brief — "A cream self." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 FORTY-NINER 
 
 Originated by Sunset Seed and Plant Company. Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant 
 
 Company, 1898. 
 
 Description in brief — "A soft sulphur-yellow self." — Sweet Pea Review. 
 Comparison — Henderson placed this variety in the discard list in 1899, recommending 
 Golden Gleam as superior. 
 
Bulletin 342 
 
 Plate XXII 
 
 James Grieve 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pea 287 
 
 GOLDEN GLEAM 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant Company, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — • Described as a yellow fonn of Blanche Burpee. 
 
 Synonyms — Same as Mrs. Eckford. 
 
 JAMES GRIEVE 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, Rawson, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, yellow variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard sulfury white 14 (2-3); wings sulfury white 
 14 (3-4). Flower large, open form.; standard large and erect, with occasional 
 tendency to become slightly hooded and to show trace of the top notch; wings 
 long and broad, spreading laterally, tending to parallel the standard. Flowers 
 two to three, on extra long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant 
 of tall, strong growth. 
 
 MRS. A. MALCOLM 
 
 Originated by Alexander Malcolm. Introduced by E. W. King, Mackereth, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — A primrose self. 
 
 MRS. COLLIER 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A rich primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard amber-white 12 (2); wings amber- white 
 12 (i). Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings 
 Jong and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium 
 length. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Substance good. Plant of strong, tall 
 growth. Foliage dark green. 
 
 Comparison — A primrose Dorothy Eckford. 
 
 Synonyms — Dora Cowper (Breadmore, 1907) and Mrs. R. F. Felton (Bolton, 1907). 
 
 MRS. ECKFORD 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1892. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 19 10, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — ^A large, semi-hooded, primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (1-2); wings yellowish 
 white 13 (2-3). Flower above medium size; standard medium, slightly hooded, 
 with round top; wings medium, short and broad. Flowers two to three, on very 
 long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong 
 growth. 
 
 Synonyms — Golden Gleam appears to be the same variety. 
 
 QUEEN VICTORLA 
 
 Originated by Eckford. Introduced by Eckford, 1897. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 Description in brief — A light primrose, with a tinge of pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (1-2); buds with a 
 pinkish tinge, but more color in buds than in those of Mrs. Eckford; the pink color 
 
288 Bulletin 342 
 
 disappears ns the flower opens. Flower above medium size; standard of medium 
 size, hooded; wings long and broad. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Tendrils colored at 
 first, becoming green. Seed black. 
 
 SAFRANO 
 
 Originated by Gilbert & Son. Introduced by Gilbert, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A primrose variety. 
 
 THE HONORABLE MRS. E. KENYON 
 
 Originated by Eckiord. Introduced by Eckiord, 1901. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, semi-hooded, primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (3); wings yellowish white 
 
 13 (2). Flower large; standard large, slightly hooded, with round top; wings of 
 
 medium size, broad. Flowers two to three, on long stems of moderate strength. 
 
 Fragrant. Plant of strong, tall growth. Plant, leaves, and stems have a yellow 
 
 tinge. 
 
 YELLOW HAMMER 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — A sulfitr-yellow self. 
 
 EXTREME HOODED VARIETIES 
 
 Snapdragon 
 
 PINK SNAPDRAGON 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1903. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings Rose Neyron red 119 (i) on a rosy 
 white 8 (i) ground. Flower small, snapdragon form. Stems long. 
 
 PURPLE SNAPDRAGON 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shades from bishop's violet 189 (2-3) to 
 
 bright violet 190 (2-4); wings lilacy white 7 (4) to rich pansy-violet 191 (2-3). 
 
 Flower of medium size, snapdragon form. Stems long. 
 
 RED RmiNG HOOD 
 
 Originated by Sunset Seed and Plant Company. Introduced by Sunset Seed and Plant 
 
 Company, 1897. 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 Description in brief — A crimson snapdragon variety. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard Rose Neyron red 1 19 (4) on a rosy white 8 (i) 
 
 ground; wings Tyrian rose 155 (i). Flower large, snapdragon form; standard 
 
 envelops the wings. 
 Remarks — Tlie first of the snapdragon varieties. 
 
Bulletin 342 
 
 Plate XXIV 
 
 Salvation Lassie 
 
Bulletin 
 
 342 
 
 
 
 
 Plate XXV 
 
 : 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ; 
 
 i 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ; 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 -^^^^^^^ 
 
 1 
 
 T 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 '^B 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 k k 
 
 
 war 
 
 A 
 
 Apple Blossom Spencer 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea- 289 
 
 SALVATION LASSIE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 
 Description in brief — " Light carmine, standards and wings hooded like a bonnet." — 
 Burpee's catalogue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet- rose 154 (i) on a rosy white groimd; 
 wings Tyrian rose 155 (1-2) on a rosy white ground. Flower large, snapdragon 
 form; standard short, folded over wings like a bonnet; wings of usual type. 
 
 Comparison — vSimilar to Red Riding Hood, but with standard more fiolly developed. 
 
 Remarks — Valuable as a curiosity. 
 
 WHITE SNAPDRAGON 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1902. 
 
 Donated by Morse, for evolution studies. 
 Description in brief — A white snapdragon variety. 
 
WAVED VARIETIES 
 Bicolor 
 
 APPLE BLOSSOM SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large to very large, waved, rose bicolor; garden, market, or 
 
 exhibition variety. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (4), wings violet-rose 154 (1-2), 
 
 on a faint primrose ground. Standard large, much waved; wings very large, waved. 
 
 Flowers two to four, on long, very stout stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse and 
 
 continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
 Comparison — A misnomer, for it is not like Apple Blossom. It should be called 
 
 Jeannie Gordon Spencer, as the ground tint is primrose. 
 Remarks — Introducer's stock pure in 19 10. 
 
 ARTHUR UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, bicolor; carmine-purple and mauve-rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (1-2); wings mauve- 
 rose 153 (i). Standard large, slightly waved; wings waved, long and broad, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Sun- 
 proof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — A deeper color than Colleen when viewed on the plants. 
 
 BLANCHE* FERRY SPENCER 
 
 Donated by Rawson, Vick, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Supposed to be a waved variety of the color of Blanche Ferry. 
 
 Remarks — Mostly Apple Blossom Spencer. Contains a few Blanche Ferry, but 
 they are not in Spencer form. Both stocks mixed with White Spencer and other 
 varieties. Nothing has been received at this station since 1910 that could be called 
 Blanche Ferry Spencer. 
 
 COLLEEN 
 
 Originated by William Deal. Introduced by Deal, 191 o. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 1910, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, bicolor. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (1-2), wings violet-rose 
 154 (i), on a primrose ground. Flower large, w'aved form; standard large, waved; 
 wings large, exposing the keel. Flowers three to four, on strong stems. Plant of 
 average growth, strong, healthy. Tendrils colored. 
 
 Remarks — An unfixed stock in 1910. Some of the sports approach George Herbert. 
 In 1912 the stock was variable. Some flowers have white wings and carmine- 
 purple standards and some are almost selfs; many show mottled flowers, especi- 
 ally as the flowers age. 
 
 MRS. ANDREW IRELAND 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, rose bicolor, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (3-4); wings lilac-rose 152 (i). 
 Standard large; waved; wings waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flow- 
 
 290 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 291 
 
 ers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
 Sunproof. Plant of medium height, more slender than most waved varieties, 
 and of healthy growth. 
 Remarks — Has many double flowers. 
 
 MRS CUTHBERTSON 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, rose bicolor, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep rose-pink 120 (2-3); wings violet rose 
 154 (1-4); has a tendency to produce mottled flowers. Flower large to very large, 
 waved form; standard large, waved; wings long and broad. Flowers usually 
 threo, sometimes four, on very long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant 
 of medium height, healthy, vigorous. Tendrils colored. 
 
 Remarks — An improved Apple Blossom. The best variety in this color section. 
 
 NEW IMPROVED LUCY HEMUS 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 191 o. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — ^A large, waved, bicolor variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color lilac-rose, standard 152 {2-T)), wings 152 (1-2), on a 
 
 primrose ground. 
 Synonyms — Synonymous with Apple Blossom Spencer, the probability of which 
 
 the introducer admits. 
 Remarks — A very unfixed stock. The flowers became very mottled during the latter 
 
 part of August. 
 
 TRIUMPH SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 191.O. 
 
 Description in brief — - A rose bicolor. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (3-4); wings violet-rose 
 
 154(1)- 
 Comparison — A smaller, inferior, shorter-stemmed Apple Blossom Spencer, also of 
 
 weaker growth. Distinct from Mrs. Andrew Ireland. 
 Remarks — Not fixed. Described as a salmon-pink bicolor. 
 
 Blue 
 
 BLUE JACKET 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1912; Boddington, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A navy blue, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard dark purple 191 (i); wings violet-purple 192 (2). 
 Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved slightly; wings long and broad, 
 spreading. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. A 
 moderately productive variety. Plants of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed. 
 
 Remarks — In 1913 this variety broke up, giving one half dark blue stripes. Had it 
 not done this it might be recommended as the best dark blue variety. 
 
292 Bulletin 342 
 
 FLORA NORTON SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Waldo Rohnert, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, slightly waved, blue variety for the garden. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard ageratum blue 201 (i); wings 201 (2). Stand- 
 ard medium large, waved slightly; wings of medmm size, long and narrow, conceal- 
 ing the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Not so pure a blue as Flora Norton. Does not equal Countess Spencer 
 in size. 
 
 Remarks — Contained plant of Navy Blue in 1910. 
 
 LESLIE IMBER 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 3. 
 
 Donated by Unwin. 
 
 Description in brief — Described as a medium blue, with deeper wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (4); wings light bluish 
 
 vi£)let 202 (1-2); both become more blue with age. Flower large, waved form; 
 
 standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
 
 to three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. 
 
 Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets dark green. 
 
 MARGARET MADISON 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse, 191 2; Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, clear pale blue self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bluish violet 199 (i); wings lavender-blue 
 204 (i), sometimes flaked darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on medium 
 stems. No fragrance. Moderately productive. Wet weather injures badly. 
 Plant of medium height. Leaflets stout, broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Slightly larger than Flora Norton Spencer. 
 
 MAY FARQUHAR 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 191 3. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep blue, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 172 (3-4), overlaid with deep 
 . purple; wings bright violet-purple 190 (2-3), with darker-colored back. Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, conceal- 
 ing the keel. Flowers three to four, placed equidistant, close, on strong stems of 
 medium length. No fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong 
 growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, round; tendrils green. 
 
 Remarks — Probably the best dark blue waved variety that is fixed. 
 
 SHAWONDASEE 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, garden variety. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 293 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard at base light bluish violet 202 (i), the upper 
 part heliotrope 188 (2-3); wings 202 (i); the standard loses its pink color, becoming 
 like the wings. Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings of medium size, 
 long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on fair stems. Fragrant. Bloom pro- 
 fuse. Plant of ordinary growth. Seed mottled. 
 
 Comparison — On trial grounds a deeper blue than Zephyr or Flora Norton Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure. 
 
 SOUTHCOTE BLUE 
 
 Originated by Sutton. Introduced by Sutton, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Sutton, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A waved, deep blue variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard ageratum blue 201 (1-2); wings lavender- 
 blue 204 (1-2). Flower of medium size, waved form; standard moderately large, 
 slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
 on long, strong stems. No fragrance. Bloom medium. Sunproof. Plant of 
 tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Comparison — Resembles Flora Norton Spencer. 
 
 ZEPHYR 
 
 Originated by BiflFen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, Unwin, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard ageratum blue 201 (i); wings 201 (2-3). 
 
 Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings of medium size, long and narrow. 
 
 Flowers three, on fair stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium 
 
 growth. Seed small, yellow-brown, wrinkled. 
 Comparison — Similar to Flora Norton Spencer. 
 Remarks — One stock fixed. 
 
 Blush 
 
 BLUSH QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A blush-pink of Unwin form. An excellent garden variety. 
 Description in detail — Color lilacy white 7 (i), fading to white. Flower medium to 
 
 large; standard medium to large, Unwin type; wings small, short and narrow, 
 
 partly open. Flowers three, on long stems. Fragrant. Bloom very profuse. 
 
 Plant of tall and moderately strong growth. Color in axils of leaflets. Seed 
 
 black. 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. One of the best in the blush-pink group. 
 
 BOBBY K. 
 
 Originated by Chandler. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, blush-pink, fine garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilacy white 7 (i). Standard 
 large, Spencer-waved; wings of medium size, partly open. Flowers three, on long, 
 strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of moderately 
 strong and vigorous growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed round, black. 
 
294 Bulletin 342 
 
 Comparison — Color is lighter than Florence Morse Spencer. 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 FLORENCE MORSE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Morse. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved variety, for home, market, or exhibition use. 
 
 Delicate blush, with pink margin. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilac-rose 130 (i); wings, front 130 (2), 
 
 back 130 (3-4). Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, long and broad. 
 
 Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
 Comparison — Similar to Mrs. Hardcastle Sykes, which has the prior name. 
 Remarks — One stock pure. 
 
 LADY ALTHORP 
 
 Originated by Silas Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Description in briefs Introducer describes it as blush-white, changing to pure white. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (3); wings mauve-rose 153 (l). 
 Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, Unwin form; wings long and 
 narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long stems of fair strength. 
 Plant of tall, strong growth. Color in axils of leaves. 
 
 Comparison — Not equal to Mrs. Sankey Spencer, with which it is often grouped. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. A deeper pink than any other variety of this group. 
 
 LADY EVELYN EYRE 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved, blush-pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard cream-white, edged and flushed with bright rose 
 128 (i); wings lighter than 128 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard 
 very large, waved, often double; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Sub- 
 stance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark 
 green. 
 
 Comparison — Resembles Florence Morse Spencer in color, but is larger, has stronger 
 stems, and gives a higher percentage of double or triple standards. The plant is 
 stronger than Mrs. Hardcastle Sykes. 
 
 Remarks — The finest of the blush-pink varieties in 19 12 and 191 3. 
 
 LILA 
 
 Originated by T. H. Dipnall. Introdtcced by Dipnall, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Dipnall, 19 13. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 ( i ) , veined and flushed with 
 pale lilac; wings snow white 2 (i). Flower medium large, waved form; standard 
 large, very slightly waved; wings short, broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 three, on medium stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. 
 Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Remarks — This appears to be distinct. Promising. Stock without color rogues. 
 
I 
 
BUI.I.KTIN 342 
 
 Plate XXVII 
 
 John Ingman 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 295 
 
 LORNA DOONE 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910. 
 
 Comparison — Said to be similar to Florence Morse Spencer and Bobby K. 
 Remarks — Only one seed grew, and the plant produced white flowers without any 
 trace of color. 
 
 MRS. HARDCASTLE SYKES 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, blush-pink variety. 
 
 Comparison — Indistinguishable from Florence Morse Spencer, and has the prior name. 
 
 Remarks — One stock badly mixed. 
 
 PARADISE REGAINED 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large-flowered, blush, garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color purplish-tinted white 6 (2-3). Standard large, slightly 
 waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on very long, 
 strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Tendrils 
 colored; color in axils of leaves. Seed large, round, black. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 PRINCESS CATHERINE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Bath, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Vick, 19 10. 
 
 Comparison — The blush-pink selection was not superior to Blush Queen. 
 
 Remarks — A very much mixed stock, containing plants with blush-pink, pink, prim- 
 rose, and white flowers. 
 
 PRINCESS VICTORIA 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Stark, Morse, Rohnert, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, light pink variety, especially fine for exhibition. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilac-rose 130 (1-2); wings mauve-rose 
 153 (1-2). Flower large to very large; standard large to very large, very much 
 waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, on long, 
 strong stems. Fragrant. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. 
 Tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Opening flowers a deeper pink than Florence Morse Spencer, but fading 
 to the same color. In 19 10 was superior to Florence Morse Spencer and IMrs. 
 Hardcastle Sykes, and this has since been verified. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. Some seed-growers have assumed that this is Florence 
 Morse Spencer, but such stocks can be distinguished from the true Princess Victoria. 
 
 ^^™"°® E. J. CASTLE 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, carmine-rose variety, for garden or market use. 
 
296 Bulletin 342 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (4); wings solfcrino-red 157 (i). 
 Standard fairly large, Unwin form; wings long and broad, hooded. Flowers two 
 to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight or none. Bloom profuse. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to John Ingman in color, but not so wavy nor so large. More 
 productive than John Ingman. 
 
 Remarks — Two stocks pure. Unwin's stock was superior to all others. 
 
 GEORGE HERBERT 
 
 Originated by Breadmorc. In'roduced by Breadmore, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Morse, Rawson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved, carmine-rose variety. 
 Comparison — Similar to John Ingman. 
 
 Remarks — Both stocks mixed, one with Othello, the other with White Spencer and 
 Frank Dolby, one plant each. 
 
 JOHN INGMAN 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Sydenham, 1905. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Cole, Dobbie, Morse, Unwin. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved, carmine-rose, fmc, exhibition variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (4); wings solferino-red 157 (i). 
 Standard large to very large, very waved; wings large, long, waved, concealing 
 the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrance very slight or 
 none. Bloom free, continuous. Growth strong, vigorous, healthy. Seed black. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to E. J. Castle in form. 
 
 Remarks — All stocks were pure as to color. The English stocks were superior in 
 form. The leader of its color. 
 
 PARADISE CARMINE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, carminc-rosc variety. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to John Ingman. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 PHYLLIS UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Rawson, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, carmine-rose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (i); wings solferino-red 157 (i). 
 Standard large, Unwin form; wings long and broad. Flowers three, on long, 
 strong stems. Bloom free, continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. Seed 
 round and black. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to E. J. Castle, iDut paler. 
 
 Remarks — English stock pure. 
 
 Cerise 
 
 CHRISSIE UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, igio. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, cerise variety, suitable for home decoration. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 297 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose (cerise) 152 (4); wings deep cerise 
 123 (1-2). Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings partly open, long 
 and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight or 
 lacking. Bloom profuse. Burns badly in sunshine. Growth below medium 
 height, slender. Tendrils colored and clinging. Seed black. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to Coccinea Paradise. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. The variety lacks size. 
 
 COCCINEA PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in briej' — A cerise variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard Rose Neyron red 119 (3-4); wings 119 (i). 
 
 Synonyms — Appears to be Coccinea. 
 
 Remarks — Badly mixed with Red Paradise. 
 
 Cream, Buff, and Ivory 
 
 ALTHORP CREAM 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3); wings 13 (i). 
 Standard large, waved; wings long, very broad, concealing the keel. Substance 
 poor. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of fair length. Moderately 
 fragrant. Fairly productive. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Seed white. 
 
 Comparison — Not equal to Primrose Spencer or Clara Curtis, which it is said to 
 resemble. 
 
 Remarks — A mixed stock in 19 10. 
 
 CLARA CURTIS 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, Sharpe, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3); wings 13 (i). 
 
 Flower large to very large; standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, waved. 
 
 Flowers two to four, well arranged on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 
 
 Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Seed white. 
 Comparison — Similar to Primrose Spencer (Burpee, 1908), but all flowers truly waved. 
 Remarks — Both stocks pure. 
 
 BOBBIE'S CREAM 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (1-2). Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, sometimes double or triple; opens rich yellow, 
 becoming lighter. Flowers usually three, on long, strong stems. Productive. 
 Sunprftof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
298 Bulletin 342 
 
 DOUBLE PRIMROSE BEAUTY 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introdjiced by Stark, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 19 12. 
 
 Description in ir/>/ ^ Similar to Primrose Beauty in every respect except that it 
 produces a few more double flowers. 
 
 ELAINE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, ivory variety of waved form, useful for garden 
 purposes. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard fleshy white 9 (2-3) ; wings fleshy white 
 9 (3-4). Flower of medium size; standard of medium size, waved slightly; wings 
 of medium size, short and broad, partly open, hooded. Flowers two to four, 
 usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of 
 tall, strong growth. Some color in axils of leaves. Seed black. 
 
 Comparison — Resembles Paradise Ivory. 
 
 Remarks — Does not fulfill the originator's description. 
 
 GIANT CREAM ^kVED 
 
 Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, cream variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, sometimes 
 
 double; wings long and broad. Flowers usually three, sometimes four, on long, 
 
 strong stems. Productive. 
 Comparison — Not exceptional in size, being equal to Dobbie's Cream in this respect. 
 
 ISOBEL MALCOLM 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. ^ Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, primrose self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings yellowish white 13 (1-3). Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, 
 spreading. Flowers three to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Moder- 
 ately fragrant. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, 
 with axillary color; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — The general eff'ect is paler than Clara Curtis. An excellent variety. 
 
 LADY KNOX 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, flushed with pink on a cream ground. 
 Description in detail — ColoY of standard fleshy white 9 (4), edges flushed with pale 
 
 rosy pink 129 (i), brightest on the back; wings fleshy white 9 (i), with more 
 
 delicate edge of pink. Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; 
 
 wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers on long, strong stems; many doubles. 
 
 Very fragrant. Very productive. Plant of tall, healthy growth. Tendrils green. 
 
Bulletin' 342 
 
 Plate XXVIII 
 
 Elaine 
 
Bulletin 342 
 
 Plate XXIX 
 
 Sunproof King 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 299 
 
 Comparison — At this station this variety was much superior to Paradise Ivory. 
 Remarks — A very beautiful variety; deserves to be included in all collections. 
 
 MAY PERRETT SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Malcolm, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — Light pink on a buff grovrnd. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings light buff, flushed with pink. 
 
 Flower of medium size, grandiflora form; standard of medium size, erect; wings 
 
 short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. 
 
 No fragrance. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. 
 
 Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 Synonyms — Is May Perrett. 
 Remarks — Stock true to type. 
 
 PARADISE BEAUTY 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus. 
 
 Description in brief — A fairly large, waved variety, of ivory color. 
 
 Description in detail — Color rosy white 8 (1-2); wings 8 (3-4). Flower large; standard 
 large, slightly waved; wings medium to large, long and broad, concealing the keel. 
 Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A 
 garden or market variety. Plant of moderately strong growth. Tendrils 
 colored; color in axils. Seed black. 
 
 Comparison — Has more substance and less pink color in the flowers than Paradise 
 Ivory. 
 
 Remarks — - A fixed stock. 
 
 PARADISE IVORY 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, Stark, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium to large, ivory-white, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color fleshy white 9 (1-2). Standard of medium size, slightly 
 waved; wings broad and rnedium long, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, 
 usually three, on long, moderately stout stems. Extremely fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse. A home or market variety. Plant of medium height, strong. Color 
 in axils of leaves. Seed black. 
 
 Comparison — Lady Knox, a later introduction, surpasses this variety. 
 
 PRIMROSE BEAUTY 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 19 12. 
 
 Description in brief — -A large, waved, primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings yellowish white 13 (2-3). Flower 
 
 very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. 
 
 Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Plant 
 
 of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Dobbie's Cream opens with more yellow in the flowers. Appears to be 
 
 Mrs. Collier in Spencer form. 
 Remarks — The finest variety of this color. 
 
300 Bl'LLETIN 342 
 
 PRIMROSE PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hcmus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard creamy white 10 (2-3); wings 10 (2). Plant 
 
 of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed white. 
 Comparison — Similar to Primrose Spencer. 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 PRIMROSE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by L. C. Routzahn. Introduced by Burpee, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, primrose variety, for garden, market, or exhibi- 
 tion purposes. 
 
 Description in detail — Front of standard yellowish white 13 (2-3), back 13 (4); 
 wings 13 (1-2). Standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings very large, long 
 and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, well arranged on long, 
 strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, 
 vigorous growth. Seed white. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Clara Curtis (Bolton, 1908). 
 
 Remarks — The standard variety of this color. 
 
 QUEENIE 
 
 Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 1910, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium to large, ivory-white, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shades from rosy white 8 (2-3) to pale rosy 
 pink 129 (2-3) at the edge; wings lilacy white 7 (1-2). Flower large; standard 
 large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
 to four, on long, moderately strong stems. Fragrant. Plant of moderate growth. 
 Tendrils green. Seed black. 
 
 Comparison — Resembles Paradise Ivory. 
 
 Remarks — Badly unfixed in 1910. Fixed stock in 1912. 
 
 QUEEN VICTORIA SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, black-seeded, primrose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Flower opens lilacy white 7 (4), changing to yellowish white 
 
 13 (2-3). Standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings long and broad, concealing the 
 
 keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. 
 
 Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Seed black. 
 Comparison — Paradise Ivory is similar. 
 Remarks — This variety, having dark-colored seed, is selected as the best cream variety, 
 
 owing to difficulty in germinating varieties having light-colored seed. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 301 
 
 SEAFOAM 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Dotiated by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium to large, ivory-white, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color creamy white 10 (1-2). Standard of medium size, 
 
 slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, 
 
 on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden or market variety. 
 
 Plant of moderately strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of 
 
 leaflets. 
 Comparison — The wings are a deeper and brighter pink than those of Paradise Ivory. 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
 Cream-Pink (Deep) 
 
 CONSTANCE OLIVER 
 
 Originated by W. Lumley. Introduced by Lumley, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, cream-pink variety. 
 
 Descriptioti in detail — Color of standard peach blossom (pink suffused with cream) 
 127 (i); wings bright rose 128 (i). Flower very large; standard very large, much 
 waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, usually 
 three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium 
 height and strong growth. Tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — ■ Nell Gwynne is similar but is not fixed. Paradise Constance Oliver 
 is an unfixed strain of this variety. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 DORIS USHER 
 
 Originated by A. E. Usher. Introduced by Sutton, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Sutton, 191 2. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 (1-2) ; wings rosy pink 118 (2-3). 
 
 Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, slightly waved; 
 
 wings short and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, 
 
 strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom scant. Sunproof. Plant of tall, 
 
 strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 
 Comparison — Smaller than Mrs. Routzahn, but similar to it. Smaller flower, and 
 
 lighter, softer, more even color, than Constance Oliver. 
 
 MARY GARDEN 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1912^ 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, double, cream-pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 (1-2); wings same, with tinge 
 
 of Tyrian rose 155 (i) on edge. Flower very large, waved form; standard very 
 
 large, much waved, often double; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. 
 
 Flowers three, irregular on long, slender stems. Moderately fragrant. Sunproof. 
 
 Plant of tall, slender growth. 
 Comparison — Burpee called a strain of this variety Duplex Mary Garden, 
 Remarks — Stock contained color rogues. 
 
302 Bulletin 342 
 
 MINNIE FURNELL 
 
 Originated by W. E. Alsen. Introduced by Alsen, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Alsen, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A pale pink, with a cream blotch at base of standard. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard light rose 128 (i or lighter), with cream 
 blotch at base; wings light rose 128 (i inside and 2-3 outside). Flower large, 
 waved form; standard large, slightly waved. Flowers two to three, equidistant 
 on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom scant in 191 2. 
 Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 MIRIAM BEAVER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse, Rawson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, Spencer- waved variety, of unusual color. 
 
 Description in detail — The predominating color was as follows : standard salmon- 
 pink 126 (1-2); wings 126 (i), shading to 126 (2-3) at base. Standard large, 
 Spencer- waved; wings waved, long and broad. Flowers two to four, usually 
 three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance slight. Bloom free. Sunproof. Plant 
 of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Seed large, dark brown. 
 
 Comparison — Deeper salmon-pink than Mrs. Routzahn. 
 
 Remarks — Very unfixed. 
 
 MRS. GIBBS BOX 
 
 Originated by James Box. Introduced by Box, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Box. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, rosy pink on a cream ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 (i), wings 1 18 (2-3), on a cream 
 
 ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long 
 
 and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. 
 
 Little or no fragrance. Moderately productive. Plant of very tall, stout growth. 
 
 Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Is a lighter pink and has more cream than Constance Oliver. Has 
 
 better stem and is more productive than Minnie Fumell. 
 
 NATOMA 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 19 12. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, salmon-buff, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale rosy pink 129 {2-2,), inside tinted 
 lilac-rose; wings lilac-rose 152 (i or lighter), sometimes with violet-rose tints. 
 Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, sometimes double; wings short 
 and broad, waved. Flowers irregular on very long, strong stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, strong growth. 
 Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Appears to be a Venus of Spencer form. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 303 
 
 NELL GWYNNE 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, cream-pink, waved variety. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Constance Oliver. 
 
 Remarks — One half or more of this stock were rogues of the color of John Ingman. 
 
 OLIVE RUFFELL 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Stark (selected stock), 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, rosy salmon variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shades from lilacy white 8 (4) to bright rose 
 
 128 (2-3) at base; wings purple-rose 150 (i). Standard and wings large and waved. 
 
 Flowers two to four, usually three, on long stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
 
 Plant of strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. 
 Comparison — This is a deeper-colored Constance Oliver. 
 Remarks — Not quite fixed when grown here in 19 10. 
 
 Cream-Pink (Pale) 
 
 BERYL 
 
 Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 2. 
 
 Donated &y Aldersey (Aldersey's No. 151), 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — "A creamy pink self." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (i); wings bright rose 
 128 (1-2), brighter on edge. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; 
 wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers equidistant on strong stems. Moder- 
 ately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. 
 
 Comparison — More cream than Constance Oliver and more rosy pink than Doris 
 Usher. 
 
 CORONATION 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, pale cream-pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (i), overlaid 
 
 with purple-rose 150 (i); the back of the standard is uniform with the color of the 
 
 front, while the back of the wings is a deeper rose. Flower large, waved form; 
 
 standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing 'the keel. Flowers 
 
 three, equidistant, close, on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. 
 
 Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, dark 
 
 green; tendrils colored. 
 Remarks — There are many varieties very nearly like this, yet it is worthy of trial 
 
 by growers of sweet peas. 
 
 ELLA KELWAY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Kelway, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Kelway, 191 2, 19 13. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, pale cream-pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings creamy white 10 (2-3), overlaid 
 and edged with light purple-rose; back of standard lighter in color and without 
 
304 Bulletin 342 
 
 the edging; back of wings brighter pink. Flower kirge to very large, waved form; 
 standard large, much waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 three to four, on strong stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Moderately 
 productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaves broad, pointed, 
 dark green. 
 Remarks — A fine variety, but with such as Mrs. Routzahn, Mrs. Henry Bell, and 
 Mrs. Hugh Dickson there seems no room for it. Stock true to type. 
 
 GLADYS BURT 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved, salmon-pink variety. Suitable for all 
 
 purposes. 
 Description in detail — Color mauve-rose 153 (2-3), on a primrose ground. Flower 
 
 large to very large; standard large, very waved; wings long and broad, concealing 
 
 the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
 
 Plant of fairly tall, vigorous, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of 
 
 leaves. Seed dark brown, small, round. 
 Comparisofi — Color is between that of Mrs. Routzahn and Constance Oliver. 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 HOLDFAST BELLE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, cream-pink variety. 
 
 Comparison — Very similar to Mrs. Routzahn. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 JULIET 
 
 Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, rosy pink on a cream ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy pink 118 ( i ) , on a pale yellow ground ; 
 wings rosy pink 118 (2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved 
 slightly; wings short and broad, spreading. Flowers irregular on long, strong 
 stems. No fragrance. Bloom productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong 
 growth. 
 
 Comparison — Less vivid than Mrs. Routzahn at all stages. Worthy of trial because 
 it gives a wider range of color within this group. 
 
 LADY MILLER 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Malcolm, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — "Apricot on cream suffused pink." — Debbie's catalogue. 
 
 Descripticn in detail — Color of standard and wings shrimp pink 75 (i or lighter). 
 Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved, sometimes double; 
 wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, irregular on long, 
 strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, 
 slender growth. Petioles and calyx brownish; tendrils colored. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 305 
 
 Comparison — Better than Cherub. Not so large nor so much waved as Constance 
 
 Oliver. 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
 MRS. HENRY BELL 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Rohnert, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, rich pink on a cream ground. 
 
 Description in detail^ Color of standard bright rose 128 (i), with cream base; wings 
 128 (i), with considerable lilac-rose on the edges. Flower large, waved form; 
 standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance good. 
 Flowers two to three, irregularly spaced on strong stems of medium length. 
 Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets 
 broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — More purplish pink than Mrs. Routzahn and not so much pink as Hold- 
 fast Belle. 
 
 MRS. HUGH DICKSON 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Morse, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, cream-pink, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 130 (i) on a creamy white ground; 
 wings salmon-pink 128 (i). Standard very large and very waved; wings long and 
 broad, partly open. Substance good. Flowers three to four, on long, strong 
 stems. Fragrant. Bloom free. Plant of strong growth. Seed large, round, 
 black. 
 
 Comparison — This variety is earlier and has lighter primrose color than Mrs. Routzahn. 
 
 Remarks — A true stock. Commended. 
 
 MRS. ROUTZAHN 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Burpee, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, cream-pink Spencer, suitable for all purposes. 
 
 Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (2) on a yellowish white ground. Stand- 
 ard very large and very waved; wings long and broad, partly open. Flowers 
 two to four, usually three, gracefully placed on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. 
 Color in axils of leaves. 
 
 Remarks — All stocks pure. The standard variety of this color. 
 
 MRS. STEWART CHAMPION 
 Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Bide, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, cream-pink self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crushed strawberry 109 (i); wings Rose 
 Neyron red 119 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings 
 long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, irregularly spaced on long, strong 
 stems. Moderately fragrant. Productive. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, strong 
 growth. Leaves very dark green; leaflets broad, often round; tendrils green. 
 
3o6 BlLLETIN 342 
 
 Comparison — A superior strain of Mrs. Routzalin. 
 Remarks — A true stock. 
 
 QUEEN MARY 
 Originated by King. Introduced by King, 191 o. 
 
 Donated by King, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, cream-pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard creamy white 10 (i), overlaid with lilac-rose 
 130 (i); wings salmon-pink 128 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, 
 close, on strong stems of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom pro- 
 fuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, rounded, dark 
 green. 
 
 SUTTON'S QUEEN 
 
 Originated by T. Rothera & Co. Introduced by Sutton, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1910; Sutton, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium to large, slightly waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (i) on creamy white 10 (i), changing 
 
 to almost white. Standard medium to large, slightly waved; wings of medium 
 
 size, partly open. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. Moderate fragrance. 
 
 Bloom not continuous. Plant below medium height, healthy. 
 Comparison — Inferior to Mrs. Routzahn. 
 Remarks — A mixed stock containing some plants of the color of E. J. Castle and Stella 
 
 Morse in 1910. A pure stock from introducers in 191 2. 
 
 W. T. HUTCHINS 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, cream-pink, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color yellowish white 13 (4), flushed with pale lilac-rose 130 
 (2-3), with deeper shade around the edges. Standard large, waved; wings long and 
 broad, waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Fra- 
 grant. Plant of tall, strong growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed black. 
 
 Remarks — One stock produced flowers with more pink color. 
 
 Crimson 
 
 CAPTIVATION SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, Burpee, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Boddington, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — " A rich rosy wine red." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard amaranth-red 168 (1-3); wings rosy magenta 
 169 (1-2), veined darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly 
 waved; wings long and broad, spreading or drooping. Substance good. Flowers 
 two, on slender stems of medium length. Slightly fragrant. Not productive. Plant 
 of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Simikir to Rosie Adams. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 307 
 
 CRIMSON GIANT 
 
 Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1911. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 1912. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2), veined darker; wings 
 crimson-red 114 (1-2), with a slight purplish tinge. Flower large, waved form; 
 standard large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad. Flowers two to 
 three, on strong stems of medium length. Slightly fragrant. Moderately pro- 
 ductive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Is more crimson and burns more than King Edward Spencer. 
 
 CRIMSON PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson, all-purpose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). 
 Flower large to very large; standard very large, Spencer- waved ; wings long and 
 broad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Slight fragrance. Bloom 
 profuse, continuous. Not sunproof. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to any of the strains of King Edward Spencer, except that it 
 is not sunproof. 
 
 G. C. WAUD 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson-scarlet, garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine- purple 156 (1-2); wings 156 (i). 
 Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, waved, partly open. Flowers three, 
 on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Burns slightly. 
 Plant of strong, healthy growth. Seed large and black. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to King Edward Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — Stock not fixed; contained one plant of John Ingman and one of Coccinea. 
 
 KING EDWARD SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Burpee, Morse, Unwin, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, carmine-scarlet, waved, garden or market variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). 
 Standard large, moderately waved; wings ver^^ long and broad, not waved, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. 
 Ver\' slight fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong, healthy 
 growth. 
 
 Comparison — The King is of superior form but is less resistant to the sun. 
 
 Remarks — All strains pure. Finest strains from Burpee and Morse. 
 
 LIBERTY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Lu:nley, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Farquhar, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2), veined darker; wings 
 amaranth-red 16S (1-2), turning crimson, slightly darker on back. Flower large. 
 
3o8 Bulletin 342 
 
 waved form; stundanl large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers three, on slKjrt stems. No fragrance. Moderately 
 productive. Burns. Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets 
 broad, round, dark green; tendrils green. 
 Remarks — -Stock pure, true. 
 
 MRS. DUNCAN 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1910; Boddington, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson, garden or market variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (2-3); wings carmine- 
 purple 156 (i). Standard large to very large, moderately waved; wings long and 
 broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, usually three, on long, strong 
 stems. Very slight fragrance. Bloom profuse, continuous. Nearly sunproof. 
 Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Not waved so much as the strains of The King. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. Some flowers showed signs of burning, but did not blacken. 
 
 ORION 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — " A large, deep reddish crimson." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilac-purple 160 (2-3). Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, spreading. 
 Flowers three, irregularly placed on stems of medium length. Moderate fra- 
 grance. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaf- 
 lets broad. 
 
 ROSIE ADAMS 
 
 Originated by Thomas Stevenson. Introduced by Stevenson, H. J. Wright, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Farquhar, 191 3. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard amaranth-red 168 (1-2); wings amaranth-red 
 
 to deep purple; both standard and wings veined darker. Flower medium to large, 
 
 waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. 
 
 Flowers three, irregidar on long, strong stems. No fragrance. Bloom profuse. 
 
 Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green; 
 
 tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Similar to Captivation Spencer. 
 Remarks — Stock mixed, one white rogue. 
 
 RUBY PALMER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Dobbie, 1914. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings lilac-purple 160 (4), inside of wings 
 
 shading 160 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved, 
 
 with slightly auriculate base; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. 
 
 Flowers three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. 
 
 Sunproof. 
 Comparison — A trifle more purplish than King Edward Spencer. Darker than Marie 
 
 Corelli. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties op the Sweet Pea 309 
 
 SUNPROOF KING 
 
 Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Bide, igio. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large variety, for garden, market, or exhibition use. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). 
 
 Standard very large, much waved; wings long and broad, waved, partly open. 
 
 Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Mild fragrance. Bloom profuse, 
 
 continuous. Sunproof. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. 
 iRemarks — A fixed stock. Everything considered, this was the finest strain of this 
 
 color in 1910. 
 
 THE KING 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 19 10. 
 
 Description ift brief — A very large, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3); wings 156 (i). 
 Standard very large, very waved; wings large, waved, partly open. Flowers 
 three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very slight fragrance. Plant of vig- 
 orous, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to King Edward Spencer in size and form, but the flowers 
 turn black under a hot sun. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
 Fancy 
 
 AFTERGLOW 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — Reddish mauve, with violet wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (4 or darker); wings 
 bright violet 198 (2-3). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; 
 wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, equidistant, 
 close, on strong stems of moderate length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately 
 productive. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
 Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green; tendrils clinging. 
 
 CHARLES FOSTER 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — " Pastel pink shaded lavender." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
 
 Description in detail — Color bright rose 128 (1-2) flushed with lavender, deeper at 
 base; wings bright rose 128 (1-2), with less lavender. Flower large, waved forrn; 
 standard large, waved, with round top and broad base; wings large, long and 
 broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, equidistant, close, on short, 
 strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Bums slightly. 
 Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark 
 green. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true to type. 
 
3IO Bulletin 342 
 
 Lavender 
 
 ASTA OHN 
 
 Originated by Henry Ohn. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Morse. Rawson. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, lavender suffused with mauve. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), changing to ageratum 
 blue 201 (2); wings pale light lilac 187 (i), changing to Parma violet 200 (3-4). 
 Standard large, waved; wings very large, waved, long and broad, concealing the 
 keel. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium length. Fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse, continuous. A garden and market variety. Plant of medium height and 
 stout, healthy growth. Seed mottled. 
 
 Comparison — At this station this variety always has more mauve color than Frank 
 Dolby, although it changes to blue. 
 
 BERTRAND W. DEAL 
 
 Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A waved , rosy mauve variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilac-rose 178 (2-3); wings pale light 
 lilac 187 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved; 
 wings very large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on very long stems 
 of medium strength. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Plant of 
 moderately tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 DORA 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Bath. 
 
 Donated by Bath, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A waved, lavender variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (1-2), veined with light 
 violet 198 (3-4); wings bright violet 198 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard 
 large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers on medium, 
 slender stems. Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly and is 
 badly injured by wet weather. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Asta Ohn. 
 
 DRAGONFLY 
 
 Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Aldersey, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — "Lavender on cream ground, wings lavender." — Sweet Peas 
 Up to Date. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings bright violet 198 (i), with a rosy 
 tinge. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and 
 broad, spreading. Substance poor. Flowers two to three, on long stems. I^Iod- 
 erately fragrant. Bloom moderate. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 FELICITY 
 
 Origitiated by . Introduced by Bath, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Bath, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — " A large waved lilac, flushed pink." — Introducer's description. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 311 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings heliotrope 188 (1-2); standard 
 sometimes darker on back near base. Flower of medium size, waved form; stand- 
 ard of medium size, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Substance poor. 
 Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom 
 medium. Sun fades badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — Lighter than Tennant Spencer. Distinct from Irish Belle. 
 
 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 
 
 Originated by Hugh Dickson. Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, clear lavender self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet-purple 190 (1-2); wings light 
 bluish violet 202 (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; 
 wings long and narrow. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced on long, strong 
 stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, slender growth. 
 
 Remarks — A worthy variety. 
 
 FRANK DOLBY 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson. 
 
 Description in brief — A fairly large, lavender variety of Unwin form. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard opens violet-mauve 195 (1-2), changing to Parma 
 violet 200 (1-3); wings open lilac-mauve 199 (i), changing to ageratum blue 201 
 (1-2). Standard large, slightly waved; wings large. Flowers two to four, on 
 long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom very profuse, continuous. A garden or 
 market variety. Plant of medium height and strong, vigorous growth. Color 
 in axils of leaves. Seed dark brown, mottled, small to medium in size. 
 
 FRANK UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved variety, soft lavender suffused with mauve. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (1-2); wings heliotrope 188 
 
 (2-3). Standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings of medium size, waved, short and 
 
 broad. Flowers two to three, on stems of medium length and strength. Fragrant. 
 
 Bloom profuse. A garden variety. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
 
 Seed dark brown, of medium size. 
 Comparison — This variety is distinct from Frank Dolby. 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. Late in the season some flowers are mottled. 
 
 IRISH BELLE 
 
 Originated by Dickson. Introduced by Burpee, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — " Rich lilac flushed pink." — Burpee's catalogue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purplish mauve 186 (1-2). Flower 
 
 large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad. 
 
 Flowers three, irregularly spaced on long stems of medium strength. Moderate 
 
 fragrance. Moderately productive. Bums slightly. Plant of medium height 
 
 and slender growth. Tendrils green. 
 
312 Bulletin 342 
 
 Comparison — Lighter tlian Florence Nightingale or Mauve Queen, and darker than 
 
 Felicity or Orchid. 
 Synfliiyms — Dream is another name for this variety. 
 Remarks — Received award of merit from American Sweet Pea Society m 191 1. 
 
 IVANHOE 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — Soft heliotrope-mauve. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), shading into 
 hehotrope 188 (i) in center; wings heliotrope 188 (i). Flower very large, waved 
 form; standard very large, much waved, slightly auriculate; wings large, long 
 and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong stems. 
 Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout 
 growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Is lighter mauve and has more heliotrope than Betty. Larger and 
 paler than Tennant Spencer. 
 
 LAVENDER QUEEN 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Dobbie. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved, lavender variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bright violet 198 (i), flaked darker; wings 
 ageratum blue 201 (i). Flower very large, waved form; stahdard very large, 
 much waved; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three to 
 four, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant 
 of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Has more lavender and is of slightly better growth than Asta Ohn. 
 Is similar to Florence Nightingale. 
 
 LAVENDER SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by . 
 
 Donated by Stark, for advance trial, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A moderately large, waved, lavender variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (1-2) ; wings 188 (l). Standard 
 moderately large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings waved, long and broad. Flowers two to 
 three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium 
 height and slender, healthy growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. 
 Seed mottled. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 LILAC QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Bath, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A lilac variety, of Unwin form and size. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard purplish mauve 186 (2-3); wings 186 (i). Flower 
 medium large; standard medium large, Unwin type, erect; wings medium, hooded, 
 long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two, on long stems of medium 
 strength. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. A garden variety. Plant of 
 medium height and moderately strong, healthy growth. Seed small, wrinkled. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 313 
 
 MALCOLM'S NO. 14 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by . 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved, heliotrope and bluish violet variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope 188 (3-4); wings light bluish violet 
 202 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, often much waved, 
 with broad base; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, 
 irregularly placed on strong stems of medium length. Not fragrant. Bloom 
 moderate. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Less mauve than Asta Ohn. Similar to Florence Nightingale. 
 
 MANDOLINE 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, reddish lavender flower. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings bright violet 198 (1-2). Flower 
 
 very large, waved form; standard very large, often double, slightly waved, with 
 
 slightly auriculate base; wings very large, long and broad. Substance good. 
 
 Flowers three, equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderate fragrance. 
 
 Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
 Comparison — Similar to Asta Ohn. 
 
 MASTERPIECE 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, pinkish or purplish mauve, changing to lavender, waved. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard opens purplish mauve 186 (i), with edge of 186 (2-3); 
 wings open heliotrope 188 (2); flower changes soon to Parma violet 200 (i); intro- 
 ducer says, " color is 201 (i) but paler." Standard large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings 
 large, waved, partly open, long and broad. Flowers two to four, on strong stems 
 of medium length. Moderately fragrant. Bloom free, continuous. Plant of tall, 
 strong, vigorous growth. Seed small, mottled. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 MAUVE BEAUTY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Box. 
 
 Donated by Box, 1912. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purphsh mauve 186 (2-3), with violet tint 
 on back and toward base; wings bright violet 198 (1-2), often splashed darker. 
 Flower large, waved form; standard large, often double, slightly waved; wings 
 long and broad, spreading. Substance good. Flowers two to three, on medium 
 to long, slender stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, 
 slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Asta Ohn and Florence Nightingale. 
 
 MAUVE SPENCER 
 
 Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 19 10. 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, mauve variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard varies from violet-mauve 195 (i) to lilac- 
 ' mauve 196 (i); wings 196 (4). Standard very large, Spencer-waved; wings very 
 
314 Bulletin 342 
 
 large, waved, long and very broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. 
 
 Bloom profuse. An exhibition variety. Plant of tall, stout growth. Tendrils 
 
 colored; color in axils of leaves. 
 Comparison — Would supplant Frank Dolby. 
 Remarks — Unfortunately not fixed. 
 
 MRS. CHARLES FOSTER 
 
 Originated by Bakers. Introduced by Bakers, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, lavender flushed with rose, waved. 
 
 Description' in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (2), back heliotrope 188 
 
 (2-3); wings heliotrope 188 (2). Standard large, moderately waved; wings large, 
 
 long and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on very long, strong stems. 
 
 Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of strong, tall growth. Germination poor. 
 Comparison — Here this variety was distinct this year from Frank Dolby, Masterpiece, 
 
 and Asta Ohn. 
 Remarks — A fi.xed stock. 
 
 MRS. REGINALD HILL 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by King, 19 13. 
 
 Donated by King, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — " A lilac lavender." — King's catalogue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac, overlaid with violet 183 (i), 
 deeper at base; wings vinous-mauve 184 (i or lighter), edged with bluish lilac. 
 Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, slightly waved; 
 wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, equidistant, 
 close, on medium stems. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of 
 tall, slender growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 MOONSTONE 
 
 Originated by AldcTsey. Introduced by Aldersey , 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Aldersey, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A pale heliotrope. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac 187 (2-3) to heliotrope at the base; 
 wings heliotrope 188 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, often 
 double, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance poor. Flowers 
 two to three, irregularly spaced on slender stems of medium length. Fragrance 
 moderate. Moderately productive. Plant tall, slender. Leaflets narrow, pointed; 
 tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Nettie Jenkins. 
 
 NETTIE JENKINS 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, lavender, garden or exhibition variety. 
 Description in detail — -Standard opens purplish mauve 186 (i), tinted faint blue; 
 wings violet 200 (3); flower loses the pinkish color, becoming a very light lavender 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 315 
 
 200 (1-3). Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed 
 dark brown, small, irregular or wrinkled. 
 
 Comparison — Belongs to the Frank Dolby group, but is quite distinct. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 ORCHID 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, lavender suffused with pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (i or lighter), flushed 
 with violet; wings heliotrope 188 (i or lighter). Flower large, waved form; stand- 
 ard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 three to four, equidistant, close, on medium stems. Very fragrant. Productive. 
 Sunproof. Leaflets broad, round, dark green; tendrils green. 
 
 PEARL GREY 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1912, 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Boddington, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — " A dove grey suffused light rose." — Burpee's catalogue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color Parma violet 200 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; 
 standard very large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Sub- 
 stance good. Flowers three, on long stems of moderate strength. Very fragrant. 
 Bloom profuse. Plant of very tall, stout growth. 
 
 Comparison — Seems to be a paler form of Orchid. 
 
 Remarks — Variety not fixed in 191 2 or in 19 13. 
 
 PRINCESS ALICE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Bath, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Vick, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Flower large. Described in catalogue as light lavender, tinted 
 with white. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, hooded, long and 
 broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, nearly always three, on long, 
 strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. A garden variety. Plant 
 of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Seed small, mottled. 
 
 Remarks — Very unfixed, since it contains all shades of lavender with a few white 
 flowers. 
 
 QUEEN OF MAUVES 
 
 Originated by Sutton. Introduced by Sutton, 19 13. 
 
 Donated by Sutton, 1912. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-mauve 195 (i), with more mauve on 
 back; wings bluish violet 199 (i or lighter). Flower large; standard slightly waved, 
 with broad base; wings large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, 
 irregularly placed, but facing one way, on stems of medium length. Moderate 
 fragrance. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height, slender. Leaf- 
 lets narrow, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Has more lavender and shorter stems than Dorothy Tennant. 
 
3i6 Bulletin 342 
 
 WALTER P. WRIGHT 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, Unwin, 1913. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Winifred Unwin (described below). 
 
 WINIFRED UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lavender-blue 204 (i or lighter), with lighter 
 color on back; wings same as standard. Flower large, waved form; standard 
 large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three 
 to four, irregularly spaced, close, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 
 Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of very tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
 rounded, dark green; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Walter P. Wright, and both are similar to Debbie's True 
 Lavender, a variety approved by the National Sweet Pea Society of England. 
 
 Magenta 
 
 MARKS TEY 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, bicolor variety, with rosy maroon standard and purple- 
 violet wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (1-4); wings bright violet- 
 purple 190 (1-2). Flower very large, often double, waved form; standard very 
 large, slightly waved; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three, on strong 
 stems of moderate length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Bums 
 slightly. Plant of medium height, stout. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Slightly more red than Sutton's Royal Purple. 
 
 Remarks — This is placed in bicolor section in English lists. In general effect it belongs 
 here. 
 
 MENIE CHRISTIE 
 
 Originated ij Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 
 
 Do?ialed by Dobbie, 1910; Rohnert, 1912; Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, magenta variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard magenta 182 (2-4), veined darker; wings 
 
 magenta with a violet tinge, to violet-purple 192 (i). Flower large, waved form; 
 
 standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Substance good. 
 
 Flowers three, on slender stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Bloom 
 
 profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 PURPLE 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by . 
 
 Donated by Malcolm, Dobbie. 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, reddish violet and deep purple variety. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (3-4); wings deep purple 
 185 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, often double, slightly 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties op the Sweet Pea 317 
 
 waved; wings long and broad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. 
 Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Wet weather injures flowers 
 badly. Plant of medium height and stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 Comparison — Similar to Marks Tey and Menie Christie, but not so large nor so profuse 
 in bloom. Produced more doubles than either of the above. 
 
 ROYAL PURPLE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Sutton, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Sutton, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, purple variety. 
 
 Description in detail — -Color of standard deep purple 185 (2-3); wings bright violet- 
 purple 190 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
 long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long stems of medium strength. 
 Very fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender 
 growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Less red than Marks Tey. 
 
 Marbled 
 
 MAY CAMPBELL 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color marbled on standard is Tyrian rose 155 (i), on a creamy 
 white 10 (2) ground; wings slightly veined with the same color. Flower large, 
 waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Sub- 
 stance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 
 Moderately productive. 
 
 Comparison — Is larger than Aurora Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — A very distinct variety. One of the commended varieties of 191 2. 
 Deserves a place on every list. 
 
 SWEET LAVENDER 
 
 Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Bath, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — "White ground, marbled lavender, charming flower; fixed." — 
 
 Introducer's description. 
 Remarks — This variety proved to be of two shades of red in equal proportions. 
 
 Maroon 
 
 ANNABEL LEE 
 
 Originated by Alsen. Introduced by Alsen, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Alsen, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — "A pale lilac almost white in center." — Originator's description. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard dull purple-lake 170, with violet veining and 
 shading at base; wings reddish violet 180 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; 
 standard large, much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers 
 three, irregular on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Productive. Burns 
 badly. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets broad. 
 
 Remarks — One cream-pink rogue. Apparently this did not give us the true-colored 
 variety. 
 
3i8 Bulletin 342 
 
 BRONZE PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A waved maroon self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (4); wings 185 (i). Flower 
 
 of medium size; standard of medium size, generally flat; wings partly open, long 
 
 and narrow. Flowers two to three, on long stems of fair strength. Growth 
 
 moderate. Plants were not healthy. 
 Comparison — Differs from Paradise Maroon in having wings of the same color as the 
 
 standard. 
 Remarks — A fixed variety as to color. 
 
 CHARLES HEMUS 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — Originator described the variety as a red-mahogany self. 
 
 Description in detail — - Color of standard amaranth-red 1 68 (4) ; wings rosy magenta 
 169 (i); keel colored a lighter shade. Flower large; standard large and slightly 
 waved; wings long and narrow. Flowers two to three, on long stems of moderate 
 strength. Fragrance moderate. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
 Foliage blue-green; calyx and pedicel blue-black. Seed dark brown, large, round. 
 
 Comparison — Does not closely resemble Black Knight in color. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. A distinct variety. Flowers turn darker with age. 
 
 CYRIL UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 19 13. 
 
 Description in brief — Deep purple shaded with maroon, waved. 
 
 Description in detail— Color of standard deep purple 185 (i), shaded with maroon, 
 base bright violet-purple; wings bright violet-purple 191 (1-2), varying to light 
 pansy-violet. Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings 
 short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced 
 on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. 
 Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green; tendrils green. 
 
 DOUGLAS UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color plum-violet 172 (4). Standard large, slightly waved; 
 wings waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium 
 length. Fragrance moderate. Plant moderately vigorous. Leaves narrow, 
 pointed. Seed black. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Othello Spencer, but not so good a strain. 
 
 Remarks — Stock mi.xed. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 319 
 
 GARNET SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 191 o. 
 
 Donated by Henderson, 19 16. 
 
 Description in brief — ^ A very large, maroon, waved variety, fine for exhibition. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (1-2); wings deep carmine- 
 violet 174 (1-2). Standard very large, much waved; wings very long and broad, 
 waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous, lasts well on plant. Sunproof. Plant of 
 tall, stout, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — A fine strain of Othello Spencer, but unfixed. 
 
 Remarks — Very much mixed, containing five varieties of waved form. 
 
 KING MANGEL 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 19 12. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, dark maroon variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (i), veined darker; wings 
 
 deep purple 185 (3-4). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 
 
 slightly waved; wings very large, long and broad, spreading. Substance good. 
 
 Flowers three, close together on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 
 
 Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, 
 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 Comparison — Has larger flowers and is of better growth than Othello Spencer. 
 
 NUBIAN 
 
 Originated by House. ■ Introduced by House, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 3. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep maroon self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard between purple-brown 166 and deep carmine- 
 violet 174 (4 or darker); wings deep carmine- violet 174 (2-3). Flower large, 
 waved form; standard large, slightly waved; v/ings short and broad. Flowers 
 three, equidistant, close, on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom 
 profuse. Sunproof. A garden, market, or exhibition variety. Plant of tall, 
 slender growth. Leaflets broad, rovmd, dark green. 
 
 Synonyms — King Manoel is practically the same. 
 
 Remarks — The best of this color group. Stock pure, true, 
 
 OTHELLO SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, very waved, maroon variety, excellent for garden 
 or exhibition use. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 172 (4); wings deep purple 185 
 (1-2); flower has almost black veins. Standard very large, decidedly and uni- 
 formly waved; wings waved, very long and broad. Flowers three, on long, strong 
 stems. Fragrance slight or none. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, 
 strong growth. Seed large, round, few in number. 
 
3 20 Bulletin 342 
 
 Comparison — Long the standard mriroon waved variety, but nov/ surpassed Ijy 
 
 Nubian and King Manoel. 
 Remarks — Both stocks fixed. 
 
 PRINCE OF ASTURIAS 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Rawson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, maroon, garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (4); wings 172 (2-3). Stand- 
 ard large, waved; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, 
 on fair stems. Fragrant. Bloom free. Plant of moderately vigorous growth. 
 
 Comparison — Inferior to Othello Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — Stock mixed. 
 
 SILAS COLE 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Cole, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, deep maroon, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rich pansy- violet 191 (3-4) ; wings deep 
 purple 185 (i). Standard medium to large, generally not waved; wings long 
 and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long stems. Bloom 
 profuse. Plant of moderately tall, healthy growth. Calyx and pedicel blue- 
 black. 
 
 Comparison — Resembles Black Knight in color. 
 
 Remarks — Contained one rogue. Did not attain to Spencer size or form. 
 
 VICTOR UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 19 13. 
 
 Description in brief — " Rich deep chocolate or mahogany colored self, free from any 
 trait of purple."— Unwin's catalogue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (3-4), tinged with violet; 
 wings deep carmine- violet 174 (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on 
 short stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant 
 of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark 
 green. 
 
 Maroon-Purple 
 
 ARTHUR GREEN 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Debbie, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by 'Qod.dmgton, 191 1; Burpee, Dobbie, Morse, 1912; Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard carmine- violet ; wings deep purple. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep carmine- violet 174 (3-4), veined darker; 
 wings deep purple 185 (2-3), sometimes with slight tints and markings of violet- 
 purple. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, waved; wings long 
 and broad, spreading but drooping. Flowers three to four, irregular on strong stems 
 of medium length. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, 
 strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. 
 
Bulletin 342 
 
 Plate XXX 
 
 Othello Spencer 
 
Bn.LKTiN 342 
 
 Plate XXXI 
 
 Teiuiaut Spencer 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 321 
 
 CAPTAIN OF THE BLUES SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved variety, with bright purple standard and 
 blue wings. E.xcellent for garden or exhibition. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (4); wings bishop's violet 
 189 (3). Standard very large, much waved; wings large, waved, long and broad. 
 Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continu- 
 ous, lasts well on the plants. Sunproof. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. 
 
 Remarks — Not fixed. Not correctly named, since it does not resemble Captain of 
 the Blues in color. One of the largest-flowered varieties. 
 
 JOHN RIDD 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1912; Boddington, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — "A large, waved, purple self." — vSweet Peas Up to Date. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum -violet 1 72 (4) ; wings vinous-mauve 
 
 184 (4). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved, slightly auriculate; 
 
 wings large, long and broad, spreading. Substance good. Flowers three to four, 
 
 on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom scant to medium. Plant of tall, 
 
 strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
 MAROON PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — " Deep maroon, waved." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard deep purple 185 (2-3); wings bishop's violet 
 189 (2-3); reverse bright violet-purple 190 (4). Flower large, waved form; stand- 
 ard large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, equi- 
 distant on long stems. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and 
 stout, healthy growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; color in axils of leaves and 
 leaflets; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — At this station in 1910 this variety was distinct from Black Knight. 
 
 MRS. E. COWDY 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum-violet 172 (3-4); wings deep purple 
 185 (2-3), veined with plum-violet. Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, 
 close, on medium stems. No fragrance. Moderately productive. Simproof. 
 Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to John Ridd, perhaps a less deep purple. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
322 ' Bulletin 342 
 
 PURPLE PRINCE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Dickson. Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — " Standard purplish maroon, wings rosy purple." — Sweet Peas 
 
 Up to Date. 
 Description in detail — Color of, standard deep purple 185 (3); wings bishop's violet 
 
 189 (4). Flower very large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings large, 
 
 long and broad. Flowers borne on long, strong stems. Plant of tall, strong, 
 
 vigorous growth. 
 Comparison — This is almost a self and therefore differs from Captain of the Blues 
 
 Spencer. In this respect it is an improvement. 
 Remarks — This is .not the color of the old variety Purple Prince. 
 
 WAVERLY SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — " PurpUsh maroon, wings rosy purple." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Captain of the Blues Spencer, but smaller. 
 
 Remarks — Only one plant appeared to resemble the old Waverly in color. 
 
 Maroon-Red 
 
 BRUNETTE 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 19 13. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, rich deep mahogany self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings plum-violet 172 (4 or darker). 
 
 Flower large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings large, concealing 
 
 the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems of short length. No fragrance. 
 
 Bloom profuse. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
 
 Leaflets narrow, pointed, dark green; tendrils green. 
 Remarks — An excellent variety. Stock pure, true. 
 
 RED CHIEF 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 19 13. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 1 72 (4 or darker) ; wings plum- 
 violet 172 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings long 
 and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong stems of medium length. 
 Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender 
 growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Remarks — With Brunette the leader of its class. 
 
 Mauve 
 
 A. J. COOK 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A moderately large, violet-mauve variety, of Unwin form. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 323 
 
 Description in detail — Standard opens violet-mauve 195 (i), changing to 195 (4); 
 wings tinted with more violet, which becomes deeper, toward bright violet-purple 
 190 (i). Standard medium to large, Unwin type; wings long and broad, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse, continuous. A garden or market variety. Plant of medium height 
 and stout, healthy growth. Seed small, mottled. 
 
 ^Remarks — A distinct and worthy variety. One stock pure; rogues mostly Othello. 
 
 AMETHYST 
 
 Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Aldersey, 191 2. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (3-4), shading to bright 
 violet at base; wings bright violet 198 (i), sometimes with a rosy tinge. Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, sUghtly waved; wings long and broad, spread- 
 ing. Moderate fragrance. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, slender 
 growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Royalty. 
 
 BERTHA MASSEY 
 
 Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, lilac-mauve variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (1-2); wings bright violet 
 198 (1-2), edged with purplish mauve. Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 slightly waved; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, equi- 
 distant, close, on medium stems. Moderate fragrance. Productive. Simproof. 
 Plant of medium height and slender growth. 
 
 Comparison — Surpassed by Frances Deal. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure in 19 12, mixed in 19 13. 
 
 BETTY 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A purplish mauve variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pure mauve 181 (i), shading often to purplish 
 mauve 186 (i); wings purphsh mauve. Flower very large, waved form; standard 
 very large, much waved, slightly auriculate; wings very large, long and broad. 
 Flowers three, equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom moderate. Svmproof. Plants of tall, slender, healthy growth. 
 Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Has paler and larger flowers than Tennant Spencer. 
 
 EMILY ECKFORD SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, igii- 
 
 Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, mauve, Spencer variety. 
 
 Description in c/f/oz/ — Standard opens bluish lilac 183 (i), changing to bright violet 
 198 (i); wings heliotrope 188 (3), changing to bright violet 198 (2). Standard 
 large, slightly waved; wings partly open, long and broad. Flowers two to three. 
 
324 Bulletin 342 
 
 Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden, market, or exhibition variety. Plant nf 
 medium height and stout, healthy growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed mottk-^ 1. 
 
 Comparison — Distinct in color from The Marquis. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
 EMPRESS 
 
 Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 191 2. 
 
 Descriplicn in brief — A rich purple-muuve. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (i); wings deep purple 
 185 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, waved, sometimes 
 double; wings very large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on 
 medium stems. Very fragrant. Productive. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong 
 growth. Leaflets broad. 
 
 Comparison — Has less red in standard, but otherwise is similar to Annabel Lee. 
 
 Remarks — Color rogues: (i) pure cream, (2) pale rosy pink. 
 
 FRANCES DEAL 
 
 Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — "A rosy heliotrope." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings reddish violet 1 80 ( i ) , with a light 
 spot at base of standard. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 
 much waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, 
 irregularly placed, usually far apart, on long, strong stems. Moderate fragrance. 
 Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Leaflets 
 broad, pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to Bertha Massey. 
 
 HELIO PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, pale rosy heliotrope, waved. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), deepest at base; 
 wings bishop's violet 189 (2). Standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings large, waved, 
 long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Moderately 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and moderately 
 strong growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils of leaves. Seed mottled. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to The Marquis, but not superior. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
 HELIOTROPE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by ^ . Introduced by Henderson, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Henderson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, hooded, deep purple-mauve. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bishop's violet 189 (1-2); wings 189 (i-2>)- 
 Standard Ifxrge, hooded; wings large, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 325 
 
 two, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of 
 medium height and strong, healthy growth. Color in axils of leaves. Seed 
 mottled, large. 
 
 Comparison — Color similar to Mrs. Walter Wright. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. Flowers did not take Spencer form. 
 
 MAUVE PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, mauve variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bluish lilac 183 (i); wings 183 (1-2). Standard 
 
 of medium size; wings large, long and narrow, spreading. Flowers two to three. 
 
 Moderate fragrance. Bloom medium. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height 
 
 and stout, healthy growth. Seed mottled. 
 Comparison — Wings always paler than those of The Marquis or Tennant Spencer. 
 Remarks — Introducer stated that the stock might give some Primrose Paradise sports. 
 
 This occurred in the tests at this station. 
 
 MAUVE QUEEN / 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, mauve variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 1 86 ( i ) , shading toward 
 violet-mauve 195 (i) in center; wings violet-mauve 195 (i). Flower very large, 
 waved form; standard very large, slightly waved, with slightly auriculate base; 
 wings very large, long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, equidistant 
 on medium stems. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium 
 height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Winsome, but a trifle more purple. 
 
 MRS. HESLINGTON 
 
 Originated by W. S. Heslington. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (1-2), shading to 
 bright violet 198 (1-2) in the center; wings bright violet 198 (1-2). Flower 
 very large, waved form; standard very large, often double, much waved, with 
 auriculate base; wings long and broad. Substance good. Flowers three, 
 equidistant on long stems of medium strength. Moderate fragrance. Bloom 
 profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Very similar to Mauve Queen, but differs in form of flower and in color 
 of wings. More mauve than Florence Nightingale. 
 
 ROYALTY 
 
 Originated by Bath. Introduced by -. 
 
 Donated by Bath, 1912. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard reddish violet 180 (i); wings bright violet- 
 purple 190 (i). Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, 
 
326 Bulletin 342 
 
 slightly waved; wings of medium size, drooping. Flowers three, on medium 
 
 stems. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. 
 Comparison — Much like Dobbie's Violet Flush. 
 Remarks — Of no special merit at this station. 
 
 TENNANT SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, purple-mauve self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 196 (2-3); wings 186 (1-2) 
 on the inside, 186 (2-3) on the outside. Standard large, waved; wings waved, 
 long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, often four, on strong 
 stems of medium length. Very fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of 
 medium height and moderately strong growth. Tendrils colored; color in axils 
 of leaves. Seed mottled. 
 
 THE MARQUIS 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, purplish mauve, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purplish mauve 186 (4); wings bishop's 
 violet 1 89 (4) ; the standard showing more red and the wings more blue. Standard 
 large, waved; wings very large, waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flow- 
 ers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. A garden, 
 market, or exhibition flower. Plant of medium height and moderately strong 
 growth. Seed mottled, wrinkled. 
 
 Remarks — The 1 9 1 o stock was mixed and contained one Gladys Unwin. 
 
 Orange-Pink 
 
 CARENE 
 
 Originaled by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 191 2, 19 13. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, deep orange-pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (3-4), veined slightly darker; 
 wings 126 (4), shading into purple-rose 150 (3-4) at base. Flower very large, 
 waved form; standard very large, waved; wings very large, long and broad, open. 
 Flowers two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Is of stronger growth, has better flower stems and slightly larger flowers 
 with more red in the wings, and exhibits less burning, than Stirling Stent. 
 
 EDITH TAYLOR 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sydenham, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — " A waved salmon-rose self." — Sweet Peas Up to Date. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings cerise 123 (1-2); standard veined 
 darker. Flower very large, waved form; standard slightly waved, very large; 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 327 
 
 wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long, stout stems. 
 Fragrance almost none. Burns slightly. Wet weather injures slightly. Plant of 
 medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 Comparison — A little less orange than Helen Lewis. 
 
 EDROM BEAUTY 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard orange, wings rosy salmon. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (2), with darker veins; 
 wings purple-rose 150 (2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 
 Spencer- waved, sometimes double; wings large, long and broad. Flowers on 
 long, strong stems. Bloom moderately productive, does not last well on the plant. 
 Burns badly. Suffers slightly in wet weather. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Leaflets broad, round; tendrils green. 
 
 GLYN TURQUAND 
 
 Originated by Alsen. Introduced by . 
 
 Donated by Alsen, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — Rich crimson-scarlet, with a suggestion of orange. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings carmine-lake 121 (1-2), veined 
 slightly darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
 long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on strong, very long stems. No fra- 
 grance. Moderately*productive. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green; foliage rich dark green. 
 
 Comparison — An improved Helen Lewis. 
 
 HELEN GROSVENOR 
 
 Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A deep orange-salmon. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard madder lake 122 (1-2), shading to deep 
 rose-pink at the base; wings deep rose-pink 120 (2-3), delicately veined with darker 
 color. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved, sometimes 
 double; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to four, irregularly arranged 
 on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns 
 slightly. Is somewhat injured by wet weather. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 Comparison — Closely resembles Helen Lewis. Possibly a deeper color. 
 
 HELEN LEWIS 
 
 Originated by J. Watson. Introduced by Breadmore, 1905. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, Morse, Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, rosy scarlet and cerise. Popularly known as 
 orange. Suitable for all purposes. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings deep 
 cerise 123 (i). Standard large, Spencer- waved; wings large, waved, long and 
 broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Mod- 
 erately fragrant. Plant of medium, stout, healthy growth. Seed black, large, 
 round. 
 
328 Bulletin 342 
 
 Syywnyms — Orange Countess (Sydenham, 1905) and Mrs. Sydenham (Burpee, 1905). 
 Remarks — Of the four stocks received in 19 10, two exhibited rogues. 
 
 LAURA WYATT 
 
 Originated by Dipnall. Introduced by Dipnall, 191 3. 
 
 Donated by Dipnall. 1912. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 74 (i), with carmine veining; 
 wings carmine-lake 121 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly 
 waved, sometimes double; wings long and narrow, spreading. Flowers two to 
 three, on medium stems. Fragrance little or none. Moderately productive. 
 Bums badly. Plant of tall, strong growth. 
 
 LORD ALTHORP 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, orange-pink. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings deep 
 
 cerise 123 (3-4). 
 Comparison — A fine strain of Helen Lewis, but docs not stand the sun so well. 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 ORANGE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Henderson, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, orange, Spencer variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); wings cerise 123 {2-'^). 
 
 Comparison — Similar in color to Miss Wilmott Improved. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 PHOEBUS 
 
 Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide. 
 
 Donated by Bide. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard Lincoln red 88 (i), veined darker; wings 
 geranium red 1 1 1 (lighter than i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, much 
 waved, with broad base; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, 
 on slender stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Plant 
 of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 PRINCE OF ORANGE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — Originator describes this as a large, waved, very vigorous, orange 
 
 variety. 
 Remarks — Very unfixed. Was one half Countess Spencer, or Paradise, and one half 
 
 John Ingman. No orange in it. The later selection has not been tested at this 
 
 station. 
 
m 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 329 
 
 Orange-Scarlet 
 
 ANDREW AITKEN 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 191 3. 
 
 Description in brief — " A soft salmon-colored variety." — Bolton's catalogue. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-pink 126 (2-3), flushed with Rose 
 Neyron red at base; wings rosy pink 118 (2-3), flushed with Rose Neyron red. 
 Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings large, long and broad, 
 concealing the keel. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium stems. Mod- 
 erately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Plant of medium 
 height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
 ANGLIAN ORANGE 
 
 Originated by King. Introduced by King, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by King, 191 3. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink variety. 
 
 Descripticn in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (i), tinged with purple- 
 rose on the edge and at the base; wings purple-rose 150 (i or lighter). Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings large, concealing the keel. 
 Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium stems. No fragrance. Bloom 
 profuse. Burns somewhat. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaf- 
 lets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Remarks — Contained two color rogues. 
 
 DAZZLER 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Farquhar. 
 
 Description in brief — " Bright flame color." — Sweet Pea Annual. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings salmon-pink 126 (2-3). Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers three, on medium stems. No fragrance. Bloom 
 medium. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, 
 dark green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Andrew Aitken. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
 EDNA UNWIN IMPROVED 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, slightly waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rosy scarlet 124 (4); wings cerise 123 (2-3). 
 vStandard medium to large, slightly waved; wings moderately long and broad, 
 partly open. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of moderate length. Fragrance 
 slight. Bloom free. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, stout, healthy growth. Seed 
 dark brown. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to St. George, but slightly superior in form. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
330 Bulletin 342 
 
 ORANGE KING 
 
 Originated by Bide. Introduced by Bide, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Bide, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — This variety is said to be a true orange self. 
 
 Comparison — The orange-colored flowers were similar to Edna Unwin Improved or 
 
 St. George. 
 Remarks — A very unfixed stock. One plant Henry Eckford. Mostly pink-flowered 
 
 plants. 
 
 ORANGE PERFECTION 
 
 Originated by Box. Introduced by Box, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Box, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — Standard orange, wings rose. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (i); wings deep rose-pink 
 120 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
 large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on slender stems of medium 
 length. No fragrance. Bloom scant. Burns slightly. Plant of medium, very 
 slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Smaller, of paler color and poorer bloom, and a weaker plant than 
 Thomas Stevenson in the trials at this station in 191 2. 
 
 RUBY 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Aldersey, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Aldersey, Marsden Jones. 
 
 Description in brief — "Standard bright orange scarlet; wings deep rose." — Intro- 
 ducer's description. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard coral-red 76 (1-2), veined darker; wings 
 carthamus red 88 (i), sometimes veined darker. Flower medium to large, slightly 
 waved form; standard medium large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spread- 
 ing. Flowers two to three, on rather weak, short stems. Fragrance very Uttle or 
 none. Burns badly. Is badly injured by wet weather. Plant of moderately tall, 
 slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Thomas Stevenson in color, but was the poorest of the orange 
 group. 
 
 ST. GEORGE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Hurst, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (3-4); wings deep 
 rose-pink 120 (2-3). Standard of medium size, some very slightly waved; wings 
 moderately long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, generally 
 two, on short stems. Fragrance very slight. Bloom free. Burns badly. Plant 
 of medium height and stout growth. Seed black, irregular in shape. 
 
 Comparison — Wings are not the same color as the standard, neither are they the color 
 of the wings of Orange Spencer or Miss Wilmott Improved. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 331 
 
 THOMAS STEVENSON 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Burpee, Dobbie, Sydenham, 1912; Burpee, Dobbie, Syden- 
 ham, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A rich orange-scarlet. 
 
 Description in detail — Colof of standard madder lake 122 (2-3), veined darker; wings 
 carmine-lake 121 (2-3), veined darker. Flower very large, waved form; standard 
 very large, sKghtly waved; wings large, long and broad, spreading. Flowers on 
 long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns 
 slightly. Plant tall, stout. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Plant is of stronger growth, and produces larger flowers on longer stems, 
 than Stirling Stent. 
 
 Remarks — The leading variety in this group. 
 
 Picotee Edged (Cream ground) 
 
 EVELYN HEMUS 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a primrose ground, for 
 
 garden, market, or exhibition use. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard picotee-edged pale rosy pink 129 ( i ) , on a 
 
 fleshy white 9 (3) ground; wings 9 (2-3). Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings 
 
 waved, long and broad. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 
 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
 (Comparison — Closely resembles Mrs. C. W. Breadmore. 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 HELEN WILLIAMS 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, picotee variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color yellowish white 13 (i), edged with purple-rose 150 (i), 
 deeper on back; wings yellowish white 13 (i). Flower very large, waved form; 
 standard very large, much waved; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three to 
 four, wide apart on very long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom 
 medium. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. Foliage dark green; color in axils 
 of peduncles and leaflets. 
 
 Comparison — Better than Mrs. Breadmore in 1912. Not tested in 1913. 
 
 MRS. C. W. BREADMORE 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Stark, Dobbie, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Rohnert, 1912. 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a primrose groimd. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard picotee-edged pale lilac-rose 130 (i), on an 
 amber- white 12 (i) ground; wings 12 (i). Standard large. Spencer-waved; wings 
 
332 Bulletin 342 
 
 waved, long and broad. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 
 
 Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, 
 
 healthy growth. 
 Comparison — Closely resembles Evelyn Hemus. 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 Picotee Edged (White ground) 
 
 CHASTITY 
 
 Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Bath. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, pure white, with a blush edge. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard on opening shows faint primrose, later tinted 
 violet-rose 154 (i); wings similar, but becoming a deeper tint. Flower very large, 
 waved form; standard very large, slightly waved, many doubles; wings large, 
 long and broad, drooping. Substance good. Flowers three, irregularly spaced on 
 long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Productive. Plant of very tall, 
 strong growth. Leaflets long, broad; tendrils colored. 
 
 DAINTY SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1911. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, for advance trial, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of flower rosy white 8 (2) ground, with edge of standard 
 Rose Neyron red 119 (i); edge of wings 119 (2). Standard large, very slightly 
 waved; wings waved, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, 
 on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom medium. Plant of medium height and 
 stout, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Not so large as Elsie Herbert, but otherwise similar to it. 
 
 DISTINCTION 
 
 Originated by Bath. Introduced by Bath, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Bath, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. 
 
 Comparison — Very similar to Elsie Herbert. 
 
 Remarks — Not a fixed stock. 
 
 ELSIE HERBERT 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, Miss Hemus, Unwin, 1910; Burpee, 191 1; Morse, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. A garden, 
 market, or exhibition variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilacy white 7 (2-3), with a picotee edge of 
 purple-rose 150 (i); wings 7 (i), with pale lilac-rose 130 (4) edge. Standard 
 large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings large, partly open, waved. Flowers two to four, on 
 long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, stout, 
 healthy growth. Seed black. 
 
 Remarks — Pure stocks. A distinct variety. The standard variety of this color. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 333 
 
 ERIC HARVEY 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1911. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, beautifvdly waved flower, useful for decoration and 
 exhibition. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of bud buff ; opening flower shows trace of buff ; standard 
 suffused with mauve-rose, deepest at the edges, and deeper still on the back; wings 
 flushed lilacy white 7 (4). Standard large, waved; wings large, varying from 
 hooded to waved, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. 
 Plant grows to medium height, strong and healthy. 
 
 Comparison — Distinct from Martha Washington. 
 
 Remarks — Contained John Ingman rogue. 
 
 MARTHA WASHINGTON 
 
 Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Henderson, 1910, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved variety, with a heavy picotee edge on a pure 
 
 white ground. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard white from base to center, shading to a 
 
 pink edge; as the flower ages the suffusion increases; wings picotee-edged pink. 
 
 Standard large, Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, waved. 
 Comparison — Distinct from Elsie Herbert. 
 Remarks — The 1910 stock produced one plant of Othello, but the variety is usually 
 
 reported true. The 191 1 stock was true. 
 
 PICOTEE 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
 
 Donated 6y Watkins & Simpson, 1910; Boddington, 191 1; Rohnert, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A waved, picotee-edged carmine variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard faintest blush, edged with purple-rose 150 
 (i~3); wings edged with pale pink. Flower very large, waved form; standard very 
 large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading, often drooping. Very 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; 
 tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Elsie Herbert and Distinction. 
 
 WINIFRED DEAL 
 
 Originated by Deal. Introduced by Deal, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Deal, 1910, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, picotee-edged pink on a white ground. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Elsie Herbert. 
 
 Remarks — Not a true stock. The 191 2 stock was true. 
 
 Pink 
 
 AUDRY CRIER 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Rawson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Described as salmon-pink. 
 
334 Bulletin 342 
 
 Remarks — One of the varieties that it has been impossible to fix. This stock was 
 almost entirely Helen Lewis, with one plant Prince Olaf, two Menie Christie, and 
 several White Spencer. 
 
 BEATRICE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Description in brief — Catalogued as white, tinted soft pink and buff ; wings have bright 
 pink blotch at base. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2); wings violet-rose 154 (i). 
 Flower large; standard large, Spencer- waved ; wings long and broad, waved. Flow- 
 ers three, on strong stems of fair length. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of 
 strong, healthy growth. Tendrils colored. Seed large, black. 
 
 BLUSH ROSE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Henderson, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, rose-pink, waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 150 (1-2); wings mauve-rose 
 
 153 (0- Standard and wings large and waved. 
 
 Remarks — A badly mixed lot of plants containing mostly carmine-rose flowers, with 
 Countess Spencer and White Spencer. 
 
 COUNTESS SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Sydenham, 1904. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Cole, Dobbie, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, rose-pink, waved variety, suitable for garden, market, 
 
 and exhibition use. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (2-3); wings violet-rose 
 
 154 (1-2); color deeper in cool weather; color often deeper at the edges. Standard 
 very large, waved; wings waved, long and broad. Flowers three to four, on long, 
 very strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, 
 vigorous growth. Seed black. 
 
 Remarks — One stock pure. The forerunner of the waved, or Spencer, type. 
 
 ENCHANTRESS 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1906. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Stark, 1910. 
 Synonyms — Identical with Countess Spencer. 
 Remarks — Neither stock pure. 
 
 FLORENCE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Rawson, 1910. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 154 {2-2,) ; wings 154 (1-2). Flower 
 of medium size, waved; standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings long and 
 narrow. Flowers two to three, on long, slender stems. Productive. Plant of 
 tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad, dark green. 
 
 Comparison — A trifle lighter in color than Countess Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — Not pure; contains Helen Lewis and E. J. Castle. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 335 
 
 GLADYS UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1905. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Rawson, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
 Description in brief — A rose- pink variety, of Unwin form ; for garden or market use. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard mauve-rose 153 (i); wings violet-rose 154 (i). 
 
 Flower large; standard moderately large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, 
 
 hooded. Flowers two to three, on long stems. Productive. Produces a good 
 
 crop of seed. 
 Comparison — Paler than Countess Spencer in cool weather. Standard more nearly 
 
 upright and wings more incurved than those of Countess Spencer. 
 Remarks — Two stocks pure. 
 
 HERCULES 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1912; Boddington, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved, pink self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color same as Countess Spencer. Flower very large, slightly 
 
 waved form. Flowers three to four, on long, strong stems. Tendrils colored. 
 Comparison — A larger, but less waved, Countess Spencer. Better for exhibition than 
 
 Countess Spencer. 
 
 LADY SARAH SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Originator describes as pink suffused with salmon. 
 
 Synonyms — Same as Countess Spencer in all respects. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure but not true. 
 
 LOVELY SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Morse, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved form of Lovely. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard pale lilac-rose 130 (2); wings 130 (3). Flower 
 very large; standard large, Spencer- wa ved ; wings large, long and very broad, 
 waved, spreading. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Lighter in color than Countess Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — A distinct variety. A pure stock. 
 
 MARION 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Dobbie, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-rose 154 (1-2). Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, broad, slightly waved; wings long and broad. 
 Flowers three, equidistant on medium stems. Very fragrant. Moderately pro- 
 ductive. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 Remarks — Has been described as lilac-rose. 
 
336 Bulletin 342 
 
 MRS. ALFRED WATKINS 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1907 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Pale pink with lighter edges, Unwin type. A garden or market 
 variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color lilac-rose 130 (1-2), fading to almost white edges. Flower 
 large, Unwin type; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Flowers 
 three, on long stems. Productive. Bums more or less in the sun. 
 
 Comparison — Does not resemble Peach Blossom very closely. 
 
 Remarks — Three stocks pure. One stock contained one Captain of the Blues Spencer. 
 
 PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, Sydenham, 1907. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Miss Hemus, Morse, Rawson, 1910. 
 Description in brief — A large, pink, waved variety. 
 Synonyms — Same as Countess Spencer. 
 Remarks — Miss Hemus' stock pure. 
 
 ZARA 
 
 Originated by Biff en. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 191 o. 
 
 Description in brief — A garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard hydrangea pink 132 (2-3); wings 132 (1-2). 
 Flower large, Unwin form; standard large, slightly waved; wings medium, partly 
 open. Substance good. Flowers two to four, on moderately long, strong stems. 
 Fragrant. Bloom free. Plant healthy and of medium height. 
 
 Comparison — More buff than Lovely Spencer. 
 
 Synonyms — We should call it Honorable F. Bouverie Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 Pink (Pale pink group) 
 
 CHARM 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 19 13. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 178 (i or paler). Flower large, 
 waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing 
 the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly placed on strong stems of medium 
 length. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of 
 medium height and slender growth. Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils 
 green. 
 
 ELFRIDA PEARSON 
 
 Originated by J. R. Pearson & Sons. Introduced by Pearson, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912; Burpee, 1913. 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, blush-pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color lilac-rose 152 (i to much lighter); flower opens with con- 
 siderable primrose in the standard, which is blush-pink; flower changes, losing its 
 
 I 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 337 
 
 primrose tint, becoming a blush-pink on white. Flower large, waved form; 
 standard large, waved, often double, sometimes triple. Plant of tall, strong, 
 vigorous growth. Foliage dark green, healthy. 
 Comparison — Not so large as Princess Victoria, but more salmon. A deeper pink 
 than Lady Evelyn Eyre. 
 
 Rose 
 
 EDNA TURNER 
 
 Originated by Dipnall. Introduced by Dipnall, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Dipnall. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings purple-rose 150 (i). Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spreading. 
 Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Burns slightly. Stems medium 
 to long, slender. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad. 
 
 Remarks — Two color rogues: (i) dark violet, (2) carmine-lake and orange. 
 
 KING MARJORIE 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 19 12. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard lilac-rose 152 (3-4), shading into Tyrian rose 
 155 (1-2); wings Tyrian rose 155 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard 
 very large, slightly waved; wings long and broad. Good substance. Flowers 
 two to three, equidistant on long, strong stems. Fragrance none. Bloom scant. 
 Sunproof. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — An improved Marjorie Willis. 
 
 MARIE CORELLI 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse. 
 
 Description in brief — A waved " rose-carmine " variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple-rose 1 50 (3-4) ; wings purple-rose 
 
 150 (1-2). (See description of Marjorie Willis.) 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 MARJORIE WILLIS 
 
 Originated by Lumley. Introduced by Lumley, Breadmore, Wright, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1910; Rohnert, 1912; Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, rose and carmine variety, for garden and exhibi- 
 tion use. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 1 50 (3) ; wings Tyrian rose 
 150 (1-2). Standard large, Spencer-waved; wings long and broad, conceal- 
 ing the keel. Flowers two to three, on long, strong stems. Very fragrant. Bloom 
 profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. Ten- 
 drils colored; color in axils of leaves and leaflets. 
 
 Comparison — Very similar to Marie Corelli. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
338 Bulletin 342 
 
 ROSABELLE 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Malcolm, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by King, 19 13. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, rose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (i), tinged with violet at 
 the base; wings pure mauve 181 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong 
 stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, 
 strong, vigorous growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to Marjorie Willis or Marie CorelU. 
 
 ROSE DIAMOND 
 
 Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Aldersey, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, rose variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-lake 121 (2-3); wings carmine-lake 
 
 121 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
 long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, irregularly placed on short, slender 
 stems. Slightly fragrant. Moderately productive. Plant of medium height and 
 slender growth. Leaflets narrow, pointed; tendrils colored. 
 
 Comparison — Lighter, purer rose shades than George Herbert. 
 
 Salmon Shades 
 
 BARBARA 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Sydenham, Holmes, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A salmon-orange self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard shrimp pink 75 (2-3); wings madder lake 
 
 122 (1-2). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, slightly waved; 
 wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, on strong stems of medium 
 length. Little, if any, fragrance. Moderately productive. Bums badly. Is 
 badly injured by wet weather. Plant of medium height, strong. Leaflets broad, 
 pointed; tendrils often colored. 
 
 Comparison — Flowers larger, bloom better, and stems stronger than Stirling Stent, 
 but a lighter orange. A lighter orange than Thomas Stevenson. 
 
 EARL SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Dobbie, Cole, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 191 1; Burpee, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, orange variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings salmon-pink 126 (1-2). Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, con- 
 cealing the keel. Flowers two to three, equidistant, close, on short to medium 
 stems of medium strength. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Plant 
 of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 339 
 
 INSPECTOR 
 
 Originated by Dobbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A duplex, or double, form of Stirling Stent. 
 
 Description in detail — (See Stirling Stent.) 
 
 Comparison — Is a strain of Stirling Stent producing a good percentage of doubles. If 
 
 anything, it is of more vigorous growth than Stirling Stent. 
 Remarks — A very good duplex variety. 
 
 MELBA 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912; Burpee, Dobbie, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — An orange-salmon flower. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard salmon-carmine 125 (3-4), deepest on back; 
 wings salmon-carmine 125 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 slightly waved, sometimes double; wings long and broad. . Flowers two to three, 
 on medium stems. Bloom profuse. Burns badly. Is badly injured by wet 
 weather. Plant of medium height and strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; 
 tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Is smaller and lighter, and has much more orange, than Helen Lewis. 
 Burned less in 191 3 trials than Earl Spencer. 
 
 STIRLING STENT 
 
 Originated by James Agate. Introduced by Agate, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 191 1; Burpee, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A bright salmon-orange variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard madder lake 122 (2-4), back 122 (4); wings 
 madder lake 122 (1-2), back 122 (3-4). Flower large, waved form; standard 
 large, slightly waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two 
 to three, on medium stems. Not fragrant. Bloom profuse. Bums slightly. 
 Plant of medium height and stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed, dark green. 
 
 Comparison — A deeper color, with much less burning, than Earl Spencer. 
 
 TORTOISE SHELL 
 
 Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldersey, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Aldersey, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A shrimp pink variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings shrimp pink 75 (2-3), veined 
 
 darker. Flower of medium size, waved form; standard of medium size, slightly 
 
 waved; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers one to three, on medium stems. 
 
 No fragrance. Bloom rather scant. Burns badly. Plant of medium height and 
 
 slender growth. 
 Comparison — Color not so bright as Barbara. 
 Remarks — A pleasing, distinct color among new types. 
 
 Scarlet 
 
 BOLTON'S SCARLET 
 
 Originated by Bolton. Introduced by Bolton, 19 13. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson variety. 
 
340 Bulletin 342 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2); wings amaranth-red 
 168 (1-2). Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings 
 long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on medium stems. Moderate 
 fragrance. Bloom medium. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, slender growth. 
 Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
 DOBBIE'S SCARLET 
 
 Originated by Debbie. Introduced by Dobbie, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard varies from crimson-red 114 (i) to carmine- 
 red 116 (i); wings crimson-red 114 (i). Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 much waved, many double; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to 
 three, on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. 
 Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaflets broad. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to George Stark. 
 
 Remarks — In 1913 the best of the scarlets. 
 
 DORIS BURT 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — - A large, scarlet, waved, garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3). Wings long and 
 
 broad, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on long stems. Very slight fragrance. 
 
 Burns badly. Plant slender, of medium height. The foliage has a blue cast, the 
 
 young shoots a purplish cast. 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
 GEORGE STARK 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 0. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium to large, bright red. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). 
 Standard medium to large, upright, open, flat or very slightly waved; wings long 
 and broad, spreading. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Mild fragrance. 
 Bloom profuse. Plant of moderately strong growth. Calyx colored. 
 
 Remarks — Wings sometimes larger than standard. A pure stock as to color. 
 
 GEORGE STARK IMPROVED 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1910; Boddington, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet variety suitable for all purposes. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard 156 (3-4); wings 156 (i). Standard large 
 to very large. Spencer- waved, many double; wings long and broad, spreading. 
 Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Very slight fragrance, if any. Bloom pro- 
 fuse. Bums in the sun. Growth strong and vigorous. Calyx colored. 
 
 Comparison — Color of Queen Alexandra. 
 
 Remarks — There is a double-flowered strain offered by Stark. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 341 
 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Henderson. 
 
 Description in brief — "A very large crimson scarlet." — Henderson's catalogue. 
 Remarks — This stock unfortunately produced two shades of red in equal proportion. 
 Withdrawn after first season. 
 
 MISS E. F. DRAYSON 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, scarlet, Unwin variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings, front 156 (i), 
 
 back 156 (2). Standard of medium size, Unwin type; wings short and broad. 
 
 Flowers two to three, on strong stems of moderate length. Burns slightly. Plant 
 
 of short, slender growth. Seed round, black. 
 Comparison — Color between Coccinea and Queen Alexandra, but resembles the 
 
 latter more closely. 
 Remarks — One maroon plant appeared in the stock. 
 
 PREMIER 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 19 12. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-3), back a deeper color; 
 
 wings crimson-red 114 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 
 
 waved slightly; wings short and broad. Flowers irregular on long, strong stems. 
 
 Not fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and 
 
 strong growth. Leaflets broad. 
 Comparison — A similar flower to that of George Stark, but the plant is stronger. 
 
 RED PARADISE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, waved, bright red variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 156 (3-4); wings 156 (1-2). 
 Standard of medium size, slightly waved; wings long and narrow. Flowers on 
 strong stems of moderate length. Fragrance very slight. Sunproof. Plant not 
 healthy. Growth stunted apparently from some physiological affection. Foliage 
 blue-green. 
 
 Remarks — Stock mixed, two shades of red. Owing to the disease mentioned above, 
 the variety did not show up so well as it probably should have done. 
 
 RED STAR 
 
 Originated by Malcolm. Introduced by Dobbie, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Dobbie, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard carmine-purple 1 56 (3-4) ; wings carmine- 
 purple 156 (2-3). Flower large, open form; standard large, flat; wings long and 
 broad. Moderately fragrant. Blocm scant. Burns slightly. Plant of tall, 
 slender growth. Leaflets broad. 
 
342 Bulletin 342 
 
 Comparison — Slightly Ijetter than George Stark. 
 
 Remarks — At this station this variety is the best of the Queen Alexandra color. 
 
 ROYAL SCARLET 
 
 Originated by Aldcrsey. Introduced by Aldersey, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Aldersey, 1912 (Aldersey's No. 139). 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color geranium red iii (i); wings the same color. Flowers 
 large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; wings long and broad, spread- 
 ing. Flowers on short stems. No fragrance. Bloom scant. Burns slightly. 
 Plant of medium height and slender growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — A duller and paler red than King Edward VIL 
 
 SCARLET EMPEROR 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sydenham, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 191 2, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, crimson-scarlet self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings crimson-red 114 (1-2); wings 
 lighter inside. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short 
 and broad, wide-spreading. Flowers two to three, equidistant on strong, medium 
 to long stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of tall, 
 strong growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Is a better, clearer scarlet, blooms better, and burns less, than George 
 Stark. Is a better scarlet and blooms better than Red Star. 
 
 Remarks — The best scarlet in 19 12. 
 
 SCARLET EMPRESS 
 
 Originated by Holmes. Introduced by Holmes, Sydenham, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Sydenham, 191 2, 19 13. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, scarlet variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-2); wings the same color. 
 Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, spread- 
 ing. Flowers three, equidistant, close, on medium to long, strong stems. Moder- 
 ately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sunproof. Plant of medium height and stout 
 growth. 
 
 Remarks — A good, bright, clear scarlet. 
 
 SCARLET MONARCH 
 
 Originated by DeaL Introduced by Deal, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Deal. 
 
 Description in brief — A crimson-scarlet self. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard currant red 115 (2-4); wings currant red 
 115 (i), veined darker. Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved slightly, 
 with round, broad base; wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers two to three, 
 on short stems. Scarcely any fragrance. Bloom moderate. Burns badly. 
 Plant of tall, slender growth. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure and true to type. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the vSweet Pea 343 
 
 VERMILION BRILLIANT 
 
 Originated by Burpee. Introduced by Burpee, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Boddington, 1912. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red 114 (1-3); wings crimson-red 
 
 114 (i or lighter). Flower large, waved form; standard large, waved slightly; 
 
 wings short and broad. Flowers two to three, irregularly placed on long, strong 
 
 stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Plant of tall, strong 
 
 growth. Leaflets broad, pointed. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Chocolate on gray ground) 
 
 SENATOR SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large garden or exhibition variety, with chocolate-colored 
 stripes on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color purple-brown 166 (1-2) stripes on a purplish-tinted 
 white 6 (2) ground. Standard large, round, Spencer- wa ved ; wings long and broad, 
 waved. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Sunproof. Growth medium, stout, healthy. Seed very large, 
 black. 
 
 Remarks — In 1910 the introducer's stock was fixed. The other stock contained 
 Aurora. Later stocks were correct. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Orange-scarlet stripes) 
 
 AURORA SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink-striped variety, for garden, market, 
 or exhibition use. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard salmon-pink 126 (4), on a creamy 
 white ground; wings deep cerise 123 (1-3). Standard large to very large. Spencer- 
 waved; wings large, waved, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on strong 
 stems of medium length. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
 Plant of strong, healthy growth. 
 
 Remarks — The standard variety of this color. 
 
 MAGNIFICENT 
 
 Originated by Miller. Introduced by Miller, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Miller, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, salmon-pink-striped, garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Creamy white 10 (i) ground, with salmon-pink 126 (4) stripes 
 on standard and deep cerise 123 (1-3) on wings. Standard large, waved; wings 
 large to very large, waved, standing out at right angles to the standard, concealmg 
 the keel. Flowers two to three, on stems of moderate length. Fragrance moderate. 
 Bloom profuse. Blackens in bright sunshine. Plant strong, vigorous, healthy. 
 
 Comparison — Same color as Aurora Spencer, and not affected by the sun. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
344 Bulletin 342 
 
 MRS. W. J. UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, for advance trial. 
 
 Description in brief — A large flower, striped with bright rosy scarlet; for garden, 
 market, or exhibition use. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (4); on 
 wings almost carmine-lake 121 (i), but more salmony. Standard large, vSpencer- 
 waved; wings large, waved, partly open. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. 
 Fragrance slight. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of strong, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Color deeper and brighter than Aurora. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. This variety is not synonymous with Aurora, as is some- 
 times reported; repeated trials indicate that it is distinct. 
 
 STARK'S ELEGANCE 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Rawson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized flower, striped with rosy scarlet; a garden 
 
 variety. 
 Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard bright rosy scarlet 124 (2-3); on 
 
 wings 124 (1-2). Standard of medium size, upright; wings hooded, upright, 
 
 long and narrow, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three, on short stems. 
 
 Slight fragrance. Bloom free. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and 
 
 slender growth. 
 Comparison — Inferior to Aurora Spencer. 
 Remarks — Contained one plant of Salopian. Has no value. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Pink on primrose ground) 
 
 ETHEL ROOSEVELT 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, for idvance trial, 19 10, under name Lottie Hutchins Spencer. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, primrose striped with light pink; a garden or 
 exhibition variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (4) stripes on a yellowish white 13 (2-3) 
 ground. Standard large, waved; wings large, long and broad, partly open. Flow- 
 ers two to three, on medium stems. Slightly fragrant. Bloom profuse. Sun- 
 proof. Plant of medium height and slender, healthy growth. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. Sent out as Ethel Roosevelt in 191 1. 
 
 MRS. H. D. TIGWELL 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, for advance trial, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved flower, pink-striped on a creamy white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (4) stripes on a creamy white 10 (4) 
 ground. Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, drooping, concealing the 
 keel. Poor substance. Some flowers do not open. Flowers two to three, on 
 moderately long, strong stems. Mild fragrance. Bloom fair. Plant of tall, 
 vigorous growth. Color in axils of leaves. 
 
 Comparison — Similar in color to Ethel Roosevelt, but of poor substance. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
Bulletin 342 
 
 Plate XXXIV 
 
 Senator Spencer 
 
BlLIKTIN 342 
 
 Plate XXXV 
 
 While Spencer 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 345 
 
 ZENA 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large garden variety, with red flakes on a creamy white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color pale lilac-rose 130 (4) on a yellowish white 13 (2-3) ground. 
 Standard large, very slightly waved; wings large, partly open. Flowers three, on 
 moderately long, strong stems. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and 
 slender, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Similar in color to Ethel Roosevelt. 
 
 Remarks — Contains a large number of mauve-striped flowers. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Purple and blue) 
 
 APRIL 
 
 Originated by Dipnall. Introduced by Dipnall, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Dipnall, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, blue-striped variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings light bluish violet 202 (1-4) flaked 
 and striped on a white ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly 
 waved; wings large, long and narrow, spreading. Substance good. Flowers two 
 to three, on medium stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom not profuse. Plant of 
 tall, stout, healthy growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Comparison — Quite distinct from Bertie Usher. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
 BERTIE USHER 
 
 Originated by Usher. Introduced by Usher, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Sutton, 1912, 1913. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved flower, striped with violet-purple. 
 
 Description in detail — The standard and wings are striped and flaked with violet- 
 purple 192 (i) on a white ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, 
 slightly waved; wings short and broad. Flowers three, equidistant on long, strong 
 stems. Moderate fragrance. Moderately productive. Sunproof. Plant of very 
 tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Similar in color to Loyalty, but has smaller flowers and is a less vigorous 
 plant. 
 
 BLUE FLAKE 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Unwin. 
 
 Description in brief — Light blue flake on white, Unwin form; a large garden 
 variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Flower opens with considerable mauve in the color, but changes 
 to Parma violet 200 (1-2) stripes on the standard and 200 (2-3) on the wings, 
 with a lilacy white 7 (2) groimd. Standard medium to large, Unwin form; wings 
 large, hooded, conceaUng the keel. Flowers two to three, on medium stems. 
 Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Distinct from Paradise Blue Flake. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
346 Bulletin 342 
 
 BLUE FLAKE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Box. Introduced by Box, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Box, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, blue-flaked variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings violet-purple 192 (1-4). Flower 
 
 large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, spreading. 
 
 Substance good. Flowers three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. 
 
 Bloom not profuse. Plant tall, strong. Leaflets broad, round; tendrils green. 
 
 GEORGE CURZON 
 
 Originated by Aldersey. Introduced by Aldcrsey, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Aldersey, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — Dark blue flake. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard and wings have bright bluish flakes on a wnite or 
 pale lavender ground. Flower large, waved form; standard large, slightly waved; 
 wings long and broad, spreading. Flowers three, equidistant on medium stems. 
 No fragrance. Bloom moderate. Sunproof. Plant of tall, strong growth. Leaf- 
 lets broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 Comparison — Not equal to Loyalty. 
 
 LOYALTY 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 191 2. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A purple-violet flake on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — The standard and wings are striped purple-violet 192 (i) on a 
 white ground. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, much waved; 
 wings short, broad. Substance good. Flowers three, on medium stems. Mod- 
 erate fragrance. Bloom profuse. Plant of very tall, stout growth. Leaflets 
 broad, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Like Senator, except striped with blue. Better than Blue Flake Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — The finest blue stripe. Stock pure, true. 
 
 PARADISE BLUE FLAKE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hcmus, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A large flower, having clear blue stripes on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — A purplish-tinted white 6 (3-4) ground, with Parma violet 
 200 (3-4) stripes on standard and ageratum blue 201 (1-2) on wings. Standard 
 large, Spencer- waved ; wings hooded, long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 three, on long stems of moderate strength. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. 
 Plant of tall, very vigorous growth. 
 
 Comparison — Opens with less mauve, is less striped, and shows more white ground 
 than Blue Flake. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 347 
 Striped and Flaked (Red on white ground) 
 
 AMERICA SPENCER 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Burpee, 191 1. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, 191 3. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, waved, red-flaked on a white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings rosy white 8(1), striped with red- 
 dish purple 161 (i). Flower very large, waved form; standard large, waved; 
 wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers usually three, on strong, 
 short stems. Moderately fragrant. Moderately productive. Sunproof. A gar- 
 den or exhibition variety. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy growth. 
 Leaflets dark green, broad, pointed; tendrils green. 
 
 GAIETY SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Burpee, 1912. 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Morse, 191 2. 
 
 Description in brief — A waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — The standard and wings are striped with purple-rose 150 (i) 
 on a rosy white 8(1) ground. Flower very large, waved form; standard very large, 
 waved, some double; wings large, long and broad. Flowers three to four, well 
 placed on very long, strong stems. Productive. Plant of strong, vigorous growth. 
 Foliage rich dark green; tendrils colored; color in axils of peduncles and leaflets. 
 
 JACK UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, red-striped variety, for garden or exhibition use. 
 Description in detail — Color of stripes Rose Neyron red 119 (2-3) on a white ground. 
 
 Standard large, slightly waved ; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers 
 
 two to four, on long stems of moderate strength. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. 
 
 Sunproof. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. Color in axils 
 
 of leaves. 
 Comparison — The Unwin form of Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain. 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
 PARADISE RED FLAKE 
 
 Originated by Miss Hemus. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, red-striped variety. 
 
 Description in detail — A rosy white ground 8 (3-4) , with stripes of madder carmine 
 
 141 (3-4) on standard and carmine-purple 156 (i) on wings. Standard large, 
 
 upright, open; wings large. Flowers two to three, on moderate stems. Fragrance 
 
 slight. Plant of strong growth. 
 Comparison — A heavier stripe than Jack Unwin. Very distinct from America in 
 
 color. 
 Remarks — A pure stock. 
 
348 Bulletin 342 
 
 RAINBOW SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, Burpee, 1912 
 
 Donated by Burpee, Boddinglon, Morse, 1912. 
 
 Description in detail — A faint pink stripe on white. Flower very large, waved form; 
 
 standard very large, waved; wings very large. Flowers on long, very strong stems. 
 
 Plant of strong, vigorous growth. 
 Comparison — Larger than Gaiety Spencer. 
 Remarks — All stocks were one half to three fourths Gaiety Spencer. 
 
 RAMONA SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Morse, 1910; Burpee, 191 1, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium to large, waved flower, striped with pale rosy pink; 
 a garden variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of stripes rosy pink 118 (i)ona rosy white 8 (i) ground. 
 Standard medium to large, waved; wings of medium size, waved, concealing the 
 keel. Flowers two to three, on fair stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Plant of moderately vigorous, healthy growth. Flowers fade, 
 becoming almost white. 
 
 Comparison — Rosabelle Hoare is a deeper stripe. Later stocks of this variety are 
 superior to those of 19 10 and have superseded Rosabelle Hoare. 
 
 Remarks — Too pale a stripe. 
 
 RED FLAKE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by — . Introduced by Henderson, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Henderson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A red stripe on a white ground. 
 
 Synonyms — Synonymous with America. 
 
 Remarks — A mixed stock. 
 
 ROSABELLE HOARE 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, 1909. 
 
 Donated by Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, flaked variety, Unwin form. 
 
 Description in detail — Ground color rosy white 8 (4) , with stripes of Rose Neyron 
 red 119 (1-2) on standard and rosy pink 118 (1-2) on wings. Standard large, 
 Unwin form; wings large, hooded, concealing the keel. Flowers three, on strong 
 stems of moderate length. Fragrant. Bloom profuse, continuous. Sunproof. 
 Plant of strong, healthy growth. 
 
 Comparison — Flowers deeper-colored than Ramona Spencer. After 19 10 Ramona 
 Spencer was so much improved as to supersede Rosabelle Hoare. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. 
 
 UNCLE SAM 
 
 Originated by Burpee. Introduced by . 
 
 Donated by Burpee, for advance trial. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved flower, with deep red stripes; a garden variety. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 349 
 
 Description in detail — Color of stripes on standard geranium red 11 1 (i), on wings 
 III (1-2), on a white ground. Standard large, slightly waved; wings large, partly 
 open. Flowers two to three, on moderately long, strong stems. Plant of mod- 
 erately tall, vigorous growth. 
 
 Comparison — Superior in size to Red Flake Paradise. 
 
 Remarks — A fixed stock. Should have been introduced in 191 1, as it was then the 
 best crimson-striped variety. 
 
 Striped and Flaked (Rose on primrose ground) 
 
 ZEBRA 
 
 Originated by Biflfen. Introduced by Miss Hemus, 19 10. 
 
 Donated by Miss Hemus, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, " reddish mauve flake " on a creamy white ground; a garden 
 or exhibition variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard striped with violet-rose 154 (3-4), wings with 154 
 (1-2), on a creamy white 10 (1-2) ground. Standard large, waved; wings long 
 and broad, partly open. Flowers two to three, on strong stems. Moderate fra- 
 grance. Bloom free. Burns slightly. Plant of medium height and stout, healthy 
 growth. 
 
 Remarks — A pure stock. Distinct in color from the other varieties here listed. 
 
 White 
 
 ALTHORP WHITE 
 
 Originated by Cole. Introduced by Cole, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Cole. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, pure white, waved variety, for garden or exhibition use. 
 
 Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (2-3). Standard large, Spencer- waved, 
 with round top; wings short, broad, partly open, waved. Flowers three, on long, 
 strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of moderately 
 strong, healthy growth. Seed white. 
 
 Synonyms — A synonym of Etta Dyke. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure. 
 
 ETTA DYKE 
 
 Originated by Breadmore. Introduced by Breadmore, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, Rawson, Unwin, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, pure white, vSpencer-waved variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings milk white 1 1 (3-4) . Flower 
 large, waved form; standard large, much waved; wings long and broad, concealing 
 the keel. Flowers three to four, irregularly spaced on long, strong stems. Very 
 fragrant. Bloom profuse. Plant of medium height and strong, healthy growth. 
 Tendrils green. Seed white. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to the best strains of Burpee's White Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — The English stocks of this variety in 1910 were superior to the American, 
 not only in amount of waviness but also in purity of stock. 
 
 FLORENCE WRIGHT SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. 
 
550 Bulletin' 342 
 
 Description in detail — Opens yellowish white 13 (1-2), fading to pure white. Flower 
 very large, waved form. Substance good. Flowers three to four, on long, stout 
 stems. Plant of tall, vigorous growth. Foliage dark green. 
 
 Comparison — A superior strain of Florence Wright. 
 
 MRS. SANKEY SPENCER 
 Originated by Morse. Introduced by Morse, 1909, 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Morse, 1910. 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. 
 Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (1-2); shows a tinge of pink in opening 
 
 buds, but fades to white. Standard large, Spencer-waved; wings long and 
 
 broad, partly open. Flowers two to four, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. 
 
 Bloom profuse, continuous, lasting well on plant. Sunproof. Plant of strong, 
 
 vigorous growth. Seed large, round, dark brown. 
 Remarks — One stock pure. 
 
 MONEYMAKER 
 
 Originated by Agate. Introduced by Agate, Lumley, 1910. 
 
 Donated by Farquhar, 19 13. 
 
 Description in brief — A very large, waved, white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color snow white 2 (i). Flower very large, waved form; 
 standard very large, slightly waved; wings large, short and broad. Flowers three, 
 on long, strong stems. Fragrance moderate. Moderately productive. Sunproof. 
 Plant of tall, stout growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
 NORA UNWIN 
 
 Originated by Unwin. Introduced by Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Dobbie, Rawson, Unwin, and Watkins & Simpson. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, pure white, waved variety, for garden or market use. 
 
 Description in detail — Color milk white 11 (3-4). Standard large, slightly waved, 
 with round top; wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to four, 
 mostly three, on long, strong stems. Moderately fragrant. Bloom profuse, 
 continuous. Plant of tall, strong, healthy growth. Seed white. Germination 
 forty to seventy-five per cent. 
 
 Remarks — A standard white variety. 
 
 SNOWDON 
 
 Originated by . Introduced by Watkins & Simpson, 1913. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, 1913. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard and wings snow white 2 (i). Flower large, 
 
 waved form; standard large, waved; wings short and broad, concealing the keel. 
 
 Flowers three, on stems of medium length. Moderate fragrance. Bloom medium. 
 
 Sunproof. Plant of tall, slender growth. Leaflets broad, round, dark green. 
 Remarks — Stock pure, true. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 351 
 
 WHITE QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Stark. Introduced by Stark, 19 12. 
 
 Donated by Stark, 1912. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, waved, white variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Opens yellowish white 13 (i), fading to pure white. Flower 
 large. Flowers three to four, on very long, strong stems. Plant tall, very vig- 
 orous. Foliage dark green, healthy. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to White Spencer. 
 
 Remarks — Should be given a trial. 
 
 WHITE SPENCER 
 
 Originated by Routzahn. Introduced by Burpee, 1908. 
 
 Donated by Boddington, Henderson, Morse, Rawson, 1910. 
 
 Description in brief — Large, pure white, waved, productive; a garden, market, and 
 exhibition variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of flower milk white 11 (3-4). Standard large, Spencer- 
 waved, with round top; wings long and broad, waved, partly open. Flowers two 
 to four, usually three, on long, strong stems. Fragrant. Bloom profuse. Mid- 
 season. Plant of tall, healthy, vigorous growth. Seed white. Germination 
 seventy to eighty per cent. 
 
 Synonyms — The true flowers of this variety are identical with Etta Dyke, under 
 which name it is known in England. 
 
 Retnarks — Two of the stocks received in 191 o were pure as to color, but all gave some 
 flowers that were not of the waved form. A standard white variety. 
 
352 Bl'LLIiTIN 342 
 
 THE BEST VARIETIES OF SWEET PEAS 
 
 The follo\vin<; list includes our selection from the hundreds of varieties 
 tested under New York conditions. It is a matter of personal taste 
 whether some of the color sections are desirable for any particular garden ; 
 however, it is easily possible to select those varieties that are suited to 
 individual tastes. 
 
 WAVED V.\RIETIES 
 
 Bicolor — • Mrs. Cuthbertson, Colleen. 
 
 Blue — Margaret Madison, Flora Norton Spencer, Blue Jacket. 
 
 Blush — Lady Evelyn Eyre, Princess Victoria, Florence Morse Spencer. 
 
 Carmine — John Ingman. 
 
 Cerise — Chrissie Unwin. 
 
 Cream, Buff, and Ivory — Primrose Spencer, Isobel Malcolm, Primrose Beauty, Lady 
 
 Knox. Queen Victoria Spencer. 
 Cream-pink {Deep) — Mrs. Gibbs Box, Constance Oliver. 
 Cream-pink {Pale) — Mrs. Routzahn, Lady Miller, Mrs. Hugh Dickson. 
 Crimson — King Edward Spencer. 
 Fancy — Afterglow. 
 Lavender — Florence Nightingale. 
 Magenta — Menie Christie. 
 Marbled — -May Campbell. 
 Maroon — Nubian, King Manoel. 
 Maroon-purple — Arthur Green. 
 Maroon-red — Brunette, Red Chief. 
 Mauve {Dark) — Tennant Spencer. 
 Mauve {Pale) — Mrs. Heslington, Mauve Queen. 
 Orange-pink — Edrom Beauty, Carene, Helen Lewis. 
 Orange-scarlet — Thomas Stevenson . 
 
 Picotee edged {Cream ground) — Evelyn Hemus, Mrs. C. W. Breadmore. 
 Picotee edged { White ground) — Dainty Spencer, Elsie Herbert, Martha Washington. 
 Pink {Deep) — Hercules, Countess Spencer. 
 Pink {Pale) — Elfrida Pearson. 
 Rose — Marie Corelli, Rosabelle. 
 Salmon Shades — Stirling Stent, Melba, Barbara. 
 Scarlet — Dobbie's Scarlet, Scarlet Emperor, Red Star. 
 Striped and Flaked {Chocolate on gray ground) — Senator Spencer. 
 Striped and Flaked {Purple and blue) — Loyalty. 
 Striped and Flaked {Red and rose) — America Spencer, Aurora Spencer, Mrs. W. J. 
 
 Unwin. 
 White — White Spencer, Nora Unwin. 
 
 VARIETIES OF OPEN AND HOODED FORMS 
 
 Bicolor — Blanche Ferry, Jeannie Gordon. 
 Blue — Brilliant Blue, Navy Blue. 
 Blue {Light) — Flora Norton. 
 Blush — Modesty. 
 Cerise — Coccinea. 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 353 
 
 Cream, Buff, and Ivory — Zariiia, The Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon, Queen Vietbria. 
 
 Crimson — King Edward VII. 
 
 Lavender — Lady Grizel Hamilton. 
 
 Marbled — Helen Pierce. 
 
 Maroon — Black Knight, Othello. • 
 
 Mauve — Admiration, Mrs. Walter Wright, Dorothy Tennant. 
 
 Orange Shades — Henry Eckford, Miss Wilmott. 
 
 Picotee edged — Dainty, Lottie Eckford, Phenomenal. 
 
 Pink — Prima Donna, Lovely, Katherine Tracy, Janet Scott. 
 
 Rose and Carmine — Lord Roseberry. 
 
 Scarlet — Queen Alexandra. 
 
 Striped and Flaked {Chocolate on gray ground) — Senator. 
 
 Striped and Flaked {Purple and bltie) — Princess of Wales, Hester 
 
 Striped and Flaked {Red and rose) — America, Aurora, Ramona. 
 
 White — Dorothy Eckford, Shasta, Emily Henderson, White Wonder. 
 
 EARLY-FLOWERING VARIETIES 
 
 Bicolor — Earliest of AU. 
 
 Blue — Le Marquis (described in Bulletin 319 of this station, page 655). 
 
 Lavender — Mrs. Alexander Wallace (described in Bulletin 319, page 653), 
 
 Primrose — Earliest Sunbeams. 
 
 Salmon-pink — Mrs. William Sim (described in Bulletin 319, page 648). 
 
 White — Earliest White, Mont Blanc. 
 
 market varieties 
 
 open and hooded varieties — Dorothy Eckford, King Edward VII, Brilliant Blue, Lady 
 
 Grizel Hamilton, Prima Donna, Blanche Ferry. 
 Waved varieties — Covmtess Spencer, Nora Unwin, Asta Ohn, King Edward Spencer. 
 
 The market requires flowers of good substance, so that they will endure 
 handling, and in good, clear colors. Pink, Pink and White, Lavender, 
 and Red and White varieties are most in demand and these should com- 
 prise the greater part of the plantings. A few of the Blue, Cream-pink, 
 and Primrose varieties may be sold. The number of blooms of the last- 
 named that may be disposed of will depend on the market. The early- 
 flowering varieties mentioned above are suitable for market. 
 
INDEX TO VARIETIES 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Acme 259 
 
 Admiral Togo 266 
 
 Admiration 275 
 
 Adonis 236 
 
 Afterglow 309 
 
 Agnes Eckford 259 
 
 Agnes Johnson 237 
 
 A. J. Cook 322 
 
 Alba Magnifica 252 
 
 Albatross 285 
 
 Albion 286 
 
 Alice Eckford 233 
 
 Althorp Cream 297 
 
 Althorp White 349 
 
 America 250 
 
 American Belle 255 
 
 American Queen 236 
 
 America Spencer 347 
 
 Amethyst 323 
 
 Andrew Aitken 329 
 
 Anglian Orange 329 
 
 Annabel Lee 31? 
 
 Annie B. Gilroy 262 
 
 Annie Stark 283 
 
 Apple Blossom 255 
 
 Apple Blossom Spencer 290 
 
 April 345 
 
 Argosy 275 
 
 Arthur Green 320 
 
 Arthur Unwin 290 
 
 Asta Ohn 310 
 
 Audry Crier 333 
 
 Aurora 283 
 
 Aurora Spencer 343 
 
 Azure Fairy 241 
 
 Baker's Scarlet 239 
 
 Barbara 338 
 
 Beacon 231 
 
 Beatrice Spencer 334 
 
 Bertha Massey 323 
 
 Bertie Hamilton 251 
 
 Bertie Usher 345 
 
 Bertrand W. Deal 310 
 
 Beryl 303 
 
 Betty 323 
 
 Black 243 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Blackbird 266 
 
 Black Knight 242 
 
 Black Michael 242 
 
 Blanche Burpee 285 
 
 Blanche Ferry 229 
 
 Blanche Ferry Spencer 290 
 
 Blue Bell (May) 231 
 
 Blue Belle (Bide) 232 
 
 Blue Bird 266 
 
 Blue Edged 246 
 
 Blue Flake 345 
 
 Blue Flake Spencer 346 
 
 Blue Jacket 291 
 
 Blushing Beauty 259 
 
 Blushing Bride 229 
 
 Blush Queen 293 
 
 Blush Rose Spencer 334 
 
 Bob 264 
 
 Bobby K . . . ". 293 
 
 Bolton's Pink 276 
 
 Bolton's Scarlet 339 
 
 Boreatton 243 
 
 Bride of Niagara ' . . . 229 
 
 Bridesmaid 247 
 
 Brilliant 264 
 
 Brilliant Blue 258 
 
 Britannia 284 
 
 British Queen 261 
 
 Bronze King 23 1 
 
 Bronze Paradise 318 
 
 Bronze Prince 231 
 
 Brunette 322 
 
 Butterfly 277 
 
 Buttonhole 277 
 
 California 259 
 
 Calypso 241 
 
 Caprice (Henderson) 281 
 
 Caprice (Johnson) 284 
 
 Captain Clarke 246 
 
 Captain of the Blues 257 
 
 Captain of the Blues Spencer 321 
 
 Captivation 244 
 
 Captivation Spencer 306 
 
 Cardinal 238 
 
 Cardinal Wolseley 243 
 
 Carene 326 
 
 354 
 
Classification of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 355 
 
 PAGE 
 
 [Carmen Sylva 241 
 
 Carmine Invincible 238 
 
 Celestial 271 
 
 Chancellor 277 
 
 Charles Foster 309 
 
 Charles Hjemus 318 
 
 Charm 336 
 
 Chastity 332 
 
 Chrissie Unwin 296 
 
 Clara Curtis 297 
 
 Coccinea 262 
 
 Coccinea Paradise 297 
 
 Colleen 290 
 
 Colonist 260 
 
 Columbia 250 
 
 Constance Oliver 301 
 
 Coquette 255 
 
 Coral Gem 263 
 
 Coronation (?) 237 
 
 Coronation (Bolton) 303 
 
 Coronet 249 
 
 Cottage Maid 259 
 
 Countess Cadogan 257 
 
 Countess of Aberdeen 260 
 
 Countess of Lathom 263 
 
 Countess of Powis 245 
 
 Countess of Radnor 271 
 
 Countess of Shrewsburj^ 231 
 
 Countess Spencer 334 
 
 Cream of Brockhampton 286 
 
 Creole 240 
 
 Crimson Giant 307 
 
 Crimson Paradise 307 
 
 Crown Jewel 255 
 
 Crown Princess of Prussia 247 
 
 Cyril Breadmore 261 
 
 Cyril Unwin 318 
 
 Dainty 279 
 
 Dainty Spencer 332 
 
 David R. Williamson 257 
 
 Dawn (Stark) 255 
 
 Dawn (Walker) 274 
 
 Daybreak 250 
 
 Dazzler 329 
 
 Delicata 260 
 
 DeHght 234 
 
 Devonshire Cream 254 
 
 Distinction 332 
 
 Debbie's Cream 297 
 
 page 
 
 Dobbie's Scarlet 340 
 
 Dolly Varden 278 
 
 Dora 310 
 
 Dora Breadmore 270 
 
 Doris Burt 340 
 
 Doris Usher 301 
 
 Dorothy Eckford 285 
 
 Dorothy Tennant 275 
 
 Dorothy Vick 235 
 
 Double Duke of Clarence 268 
 
 Double Primrose Beauty 298 
 
 Douglas Breadmore 281 
 
 Douglas Unwin 318 
 
 Dragonfly 310 
 
 Duchess of Edinburgh 235 
 
 Duchess of Marlboro 247 
 
 Duchess of Sutherland 260 
 
 Duchess of Westminster 237 
 
 Duchess of York 251 
 
 Dudley Lees 268 
 
 Duke of Clarence 268 
 
 Duke of Clarence, Double (see 
 Double Duke of Clarence) 
 
 Duke of Kent 248 
 
 Duke of Sutherland 268 
 
 Duke of Westminster 257 
 
 Duke of York 231 
 
 Earl Cromer 273 
 
 EarUest of All 229 
 
 Earliest Sunbeams 254 
 
 Earliest White 252 
 
 Earl Spencer 338 
 
 Eastern Queen 282 
 
 Edith Taylor 326 
 
 Edna Turner 337 
 
 Edna Unwin Improved 329 
 
 Edrom Beauty 327 
 
 E. J. Castle 295 
 
 Elaine 298 
 
 Elfrida Pearson 336 
 
 Elfrieda 249 
 
 Ella Kelway 303 
 
 Elsie Herbert 332 
 
 Emily Eckford 275 
 
 Emily Eckford Spencer 323 
 
 Emily Henderson 252 
 
 Emily Lynch 255 
 
 Empress 324 
 
 Empress of India (Eckford) 232 
 
356 
 
 Bulletin 342 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Empress of India (May) 243 
 
 Enchantress 334 
 
 Enid 256 
 
 Eric Harvey 333 
 
 Esmeralda 261 
 
 Ethel Roosevelt 344 
 
 Etna 241 
 
 Etta Dyke 349 
 
 Evelyn Breadmore 260 
 
 Evelyn Byatt 245 
 
 Evelyn Hemus 331 
 
 Evening Star 237 
 
 Exquisite 274 
 
 Extra Early Blanche Ferry 230 
 
 Fadeless Scarlet Gem 239 
 
 Fairy Queen 234 
 
 Fascination 275 
 
 Fashion 273 
 
 Felicity 310 
 
 Finetta Bathurst 285 
 
 Firefly 239 
 
 Flora Norton 233 
 
 Flora Norton Spencer 292 
 
 Florence Eraser 230 
 
 Florence Molyneaux 282 
 
 Florence Morse Spencer 294 
 
 Florence Nightingale 311 
 
 Florence Spencer 334 
 
 Florence Wright Spencer 349 
 
 Florist Lavender 271 
 
 Florrie Crutcher 280 
 
 Forty-niner 286 
 
 Frances Deal 324 
 
 Frank Dolby 311 
 
 Frank Unwin 311 
 
 Gaiety 284 
 
 Gaiety Spencer. 347 
 
 Garnet Spencer 319 
 
 G. C. Waud 307 
 
 Gem 232 
 
 George Curzon 346 
 
 George Gordon 273 
 
 George Herbert 296 
 
 George Stark 340 
 
 George Stark Improved 340 
 
 George Washington 341 
 
 Giant Cream Waved 298 
 
 Gladys Burt 304 
 
 Gladys French 274 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Gladys Unwin 335 
 
 Glyn Turquand 327 
 
 Golden Gate 278 
 
 Golden Gleam 287 
 
 Golden Rose 283 
 
 Gorgeous 245 
 
 Grace May 252 
 
 Gracie Greenwood . . ". 263 
 
 Gray Friar 274 
 
 G. W. Kerr 263 
 
 Hannah Dale 267 
 
 Harold 254 
 
 Harvard 265 
 
 Helen Grosvenor 327 
 
 Helen Lewis 327 
 
 Helen Pierce 241 
 
 Helen WilHams 331 
 
 Helio Paradise 324 
 
 Heliotrope Spencer 324 
 
 Henry Eckford 248 
 
 Herbert Smith 245 
 
 Hercules 335 
 
 Her Majesty 261 
 
 Hester 249 
 
 Hetty Green 245 
 
 Hilda Jeffrey 255 
 
 H. J. R. Digges 267 
 
 Holdfast Belle 304 
 
 Honorable F. Bouverie 263 
 
 Horace Wright 268 
 
 Ignea 265 
 
 Imperial Blue 258 
 
 Improved Dudley Lees 268 
 
 Inconstancy 254 
 
 Indigo King 269 
 
 Inspector 339 
 
 Invincible Scarlet 239 
 
 Invincible Scarlet Striped 251 
 
 Invincible Striped 251 
 
 Irish Belle 311 
 
 Isa Eckford 248 
 
 Isobel Malcolm 298 
 
 I vanhoe 312 
 
 Rj^' Miller 278 
 
 Jack Unwin 347 
 
 James Grieve 287 
 
 Janet Scott 263 
 
 Jeannie Gordon 256 
 
 Jessie Cuthbertson 283 
 
Classification' of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 357 
 
 I'AGE 
 
 Jet 267 
 
 John Ingman 296 
 
 John Ridd 32 1 
 
 Josephine White 252 
 
 J. T. Crier 271 
 
 Juanita 28 1 
 
 Juliet 304 
 
 Katharine Tracy 248 
 
 Kelway Black 269 
 
 Keston Red 266 
 
 King Edward Improved 239 
 
 King Edward VII 239 
 
 King Edward Spencer 307 
 
 King Manoel 319 
 
 King Marjorie 337 
 
 Lady Aberdare 260 
 
 Lady Althorp 294 
 
 Lady Beaconsfield 232 
 
 Lady Coopor 272 
 
 Lady Dalkeith 230 
 
 Lady Evelyn Eyre 294 
 
 Lady Grizel Hamilton 272 
 
 Lady Knox 298 
 
 Lady Mary Currie 277 
 
 Lady Miller 304 
 
 Lady M. Ormsby Gore 270 
 
 Lady Nina Balfour 272 
 
 Lady Sarah Spencer 335 
 
 Lady Skelmersdale 256 
 
 Laura Wyatt 328 
 
 Lavender Queen 312 
 
 Lavender Spencer 312 
 
 Lemon Queen 234 
 
 Leslie Imber 292 
 
 Liberty 307 
 
 Light Gaiety 284 
 
 Lila 294 
 
 Lilac Queen 312 
 
 Little Dorrit 230 
 
 Lord Althorp 328 
 
 Lord Derby 280 
 
 Lord Kenyon . . . 273 
 
 Lord Nelson 258 
 
 Lord Roseberry 273 
 
 Loma Doone 295 
 
 Lottie Eckford 278 
 
 Lottie Hutchins 283 
 
 Lovely 280 
 
 Lovely Spencer 335 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Loyalty 346 
 
 Madame Carnot 258 
 
 Madeline Cole 272 
 
 Magnificent 343 
 
 Maid of Honor 279 
 
 Majestic 261 
 
 Malcolm's No. 14 313 
 
 Mandoline 313 
 
 Marbled Blue 249 
 
 Marchioness of Cholmondeley .... 270 
 
 Margaret Madison 292 
 
 Marie Corelli 337 
 
 Marion 335 
 
 Marjorie WiUis 337 
 
 Marks Tey 316 
 
 Maroon Paradise 321 
 
 Mars 265 
 
 Martha Washington 333 
 
 Mary Garden 301 
 
 Masterpiece 313 
 
 Mauve Beauty 313 
 
 Mauve Paradise 325 
 
 Mauve Queen 325 
 
 Mauve Spencer 313 
 
 May Campbell 317 
 
 May Farquhar 292 
 
 May Perrett 237 
 
 May Perrett Spencer 299 
 
 Melba 339 
 
 Menie Christie 316 
 
 Meteor 246 
 
 Mid Blue 233 
 
 Midnight 267 
 
 Mikado 284 
 
 Mildred Ward 246 
 
 Millie Maslin 265 
 
 Mima Johnston 236 
 
 Minnehaha 252 
 
 Minnie Fumell 302 
 
 Minnie Keepers 272 
 
 Miriam Beaver 302 
 
 Miss Bostock 264 
 
 Miss E. F. Drayson 341 
 
 Miss Ethel 234 
 
 Miss Hunt 236 
 
 Miss Wilmott 277 
 
 Miss Wilmott Improved 277 
 
 Mrs. Alfred Watkins 336 
 
 Mrs. A. Malcolm 287 
 
358 
 
 BlLl-lvTIN 342 
 
 VMiK 
 
 Airs. Andivw Irekind 290 
 
 Mrs. Bieberstedt 276 
 
 Mrs. Charles Foster 314 
 
 Mrs. Charles Masters 264 
 
 Mrs. Collier 287 
 
 Mrs. Cuthbertson 291 
 
 Mrs. C. W. Brcadmore 331 
 
 Mrs. Dugdale 260 
 
 Mrs. Duncan 308 
 
 Mrs. Eckford 287 
 
 Mrs. E. Cowdy 321 
 
 Mrs. E. Oilman 256 
 
 Mrs. E. Herbert 280 
 
 Mrs. Fitzgerald 270 
 
 Mrs. George Higginson, jr 272 
 
 Mrs. Gibbs Box 302 
 
 Mrs. Gladstone 234 
 
 Mrs. Hardcastle Sykes 295 
 
 Mrs. H. D. Tigwcil 344 
 
 Mrs. Henry Bell 305 
 
 Mrs. Heslington 325 
 
 Mrs. H, Kendall Barnes 270 
 
 Mrs. Hugh Dickson 305 
 
 Mrs. Isaac House 272 
 
 Mrs. J. Miller 277 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain 284 
 
 Mrs. Knights-Smith 280 
 
 Mrs. Langtry 252 
 
 Mrs. Reginald Hill 314 
 
 Mrs. R. M. Shelton 261 
 
 Mrs. Routzahn 305 
 
 Mrs. Sankey 285 
 
 Mrs. Sankey Spencer 350 
 
 Mrs. Stewart Champion 305 
 
 Mrs. S. T. Walker 260 
 
 Mrs. Tom Fogg 276 
 
 Mrs. Walter Wright 276 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Unwin 344 
 
 Modesty 260 
 
 Monarch 269 
 
 Moneymaker 350 
 
 Mont Blanc. ..." 253 
 
 Moonstone 314 
 
 Natoma 302 
 
 Navy Blue 258 
 
 Negro 243 
 
 Nell Gwynne 303 
 
 Nellie Janes 230 
 
 Nettie Jenkins 314 
 
 New Countess 272 
 
 New Iniiiroved Lucy Hemus 291 
 
 Nigger 267 
 
 Nita 281 
 
 Nora Unwin 350 
 
 Novelty 236 
 
 Nubian 319 
 
 Nymphaea 279 
 
 Oddity 261 
 
 Olive Ruflfell 303 
 
 ( )range King 330 
 
 Orange Perfection 330 
 
 Orange Prince 246 
 
 Orange Spencer 328 
 
 Orchid 315 
 
 Oregonia 285 
 
 Oriental 277 
 
 Orion 308 
 
 Othello 267 
 
 Othello Spencer 319 
 
 Ovid 261 
 
 Painted Lady 230 
 
 Paradise 336 
 
 Paradise Beauty 299 
 
 Paradise Blue Flake 346 
 
 Paradise Carmine. . .■ 296 
 
 Paradise Ivory 299 
 
 Paradise Red Flake 347 
 
 Paradise Regained 295 
 
 Peach Blossom 248 
 
 Peacock 244 
 
 Pearl Grey 315 
 
 Perdita 274 
 
 Phenomenal 279 
 
 Phoebus 328 
 
 Phyllis Unwin 296 
 
 Picotee 333 
 
 Pink Friar 274 
 
 Pink Snapdragon 288 
 
 Premier 341 
 
 Prima Donna 280 - 
 
 Primrose 254 
 
 Primrose Beauty 299 
 
 Primrose Beauty, Double (see 
 Double Primrose Beauty) 
 
 Primrose Paradise 300 
 
 Primrose Spencer 300 
 
 Prince Edward of York 235 
 
 Prince of Asturias 320 
 
Classifuation of Garden Varieties of the Sweet Pea 
 
 359 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Prince of Orange 328 
 
 Prince of Wales 262 
 
 Prince Olaf 249 
 
 Princess Alice Spencer 315 
 
 Princess Beatrice 248 
 
 Princess Catherine 295 
 
 Princess Louise 244 
 
 Princess Maud of Wales 262 
 
 Princess May 240 
 
 Princess of Wales 281 
 
 Princess Victoria (Dobbie) 295 
 
 Princess Victoria (Eckford) 235 
 
 Purple 316 
 
 Purple Brown Stripe 250 
 
 Purple King 269 
 
 Purple Prince 269 
 
 Purple Prince Spencer t,22 
 
 Purple Snapdragon 288 
 
 Queen Alexandra 266 
 
 Queenie 300 
 
 Queen Mary 306 
 
 Queen of England 253 
 
 Queen of Mauves 315 
 
 Queen of Pinks 280 
 
 Queen of Spain 264 
 
 Queen of the Isles 251 
 
 Queen Victoria 287 
 
 Queen Victoria Spencer 300 
 
 Rainbow Spencer 348 
 
 Ramona 285 
 
 Ramona Spencer 348 
 
 Red and White Striped 251 
 
 Red Chief 322 
 
 Red Flake Spencer 348 
 
 Red Paradise 341 
 
 Red Riding Hood 288 
 
 Red Star 341 
 
 Regina 243 
 
 Reselected Extreme Early Earliest 
 
 of All 230 
 
 Rising Sun 242 
 
 Romolo Piazzani 276 
 
 Rosabelle 338 
 
 Rosabelle Hoare 348 
 
 Rose Diamond 338 
 
 Rose Queen 281 
 
 Rosie Adams 308 
 
 Royal Purple 317 
 
 Royal Robe 281 
 
 Royal Rose 256 
 
 Royal Scarlet 342 
 
 Royalty 325 
 
 Ruby 330 
 
 Ruby Palmer 308 
 
 Sadie Burpee (black-seeded) 285 
 
 Sadie Burpee (white-seeded) 286 
 
 Saf rano 288 
 
 St. George 330 
 
 Salopian 265 
 
 Salvation Lassie 289 
 
 Scarlet Emperor 342 
 
 Scarlet Empress 342 
 
 Scarlet Gem 240 
 
 Scarlet Monarch 342 
 
 Seafoam 301 
 
 Senator 281 
 
 Senator Spencer 343 
 
 Sensation 260 
 
 Shahzada 267 
 
 Shasta 253 
 
 Shawondasee 292 
 
 Silas Cole 320 
 
 Snowdon 350 
 
 Snowfiake 253 
 
 Southcote Blue 293 
 
 Speckled Beauty 274 
 
 Splendid Lilac 247 
 
 Splendour 262 
 
 Stanley 243 
 
 Stark's Elegance 344 
 
 Stella Morse 271 
 
 Stirling Stent 339 
 
 Striped Celestial 282 
 
 Striped Tennant 282 
 
 Sue Earl 271 
 
 Saltan 244 
 
 Sunproof King 309 
 
 Sunproof Salopian 266 
 
 vSunrise 237 
 
 Sunset 283 
 
 Sutton's Queen 306 
 
 Sweet Lavender 317 
 
 vSybil Eckford 240 
 
 Tennant Spencer 326 
 
 The Bride 286 
 
 The Fairy 273 
 
 The Honorable Mrs. E. Kenyon. . 288 
 
 The King 309 
 
360 
 
 Bulletin 342 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Thr Marquis 3^6 
 
 The Queen 244 
 
 Thomas Stevenson 33 1 
 
 Tortoise Shell 339 
 
 Triumph 232 
 
 Triumph Spencer 291 
 
 True Lavender 273 
 
 Tweedy Smith 256 
 
 Uncle vSam 348 
 
 Unique 282 
 
 Venus 264 
 
 Vermilion Brilliant 343 
 
 Vesuvius 242 
 
 Victor Unwin 320 
 
 Violet Queen 244 
 
 Walter P. Wright 316 
 
 Waverly 258 
 
 Waverly Spencer 322 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Wawona 282 
 
 W. E. Gladstone 240 
 
 White Queen 35 1 
 
 White Snapdragon 289 
 
 White Spencer 351 
 
 White Triumph 253 
 
 White Wonder 286 
 
 Winifred Deal 333 
 
 Winifred Unwin 316 
 
 W. T. Hutchins 306 
 
 Yellow Hammer 288 
 
 Zara 336 
 
 Zarina 238 
 
 Zebra 349 
 
 Zena 345 
 
 Zephyr .'. 293 
 
 Zero 253 
 
 Zoe 233 
 
Tlie winter-flowering sweet pea, Canary 
 
SWEET PEA STUDIES— II 
 WINTER-FLOWERING SWEET PEAS 
 
 Alvin C. Beal 
 
 Next in order to the waved section the most important type of sweet 
 peas yet developed from the older garden forms is the winter-fiowering 
 class, which has reached its greatest perfection in the United States. 
 
 DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS 
 
 The winter-flowering type is absolutely distinct in its habit of growth 
 and its early-flowering character. Unlike the garden types, which appar- 
 ently stand still for a time when only a few inches high while side shoots 
 are developed, the winter-flowering peas grow rapidly until they attain 
 a height of two to four feet; then they begin to flower freely, after which 
 time side shoots are developed. In trials at this station the varieties 
 of the winter-flowering type, planted September 24, came into flower 
 between Thanksgiving and Christmas; while some varieties of the waved 
 and the older types, planted at the same time, did not flower until the last 
 week in April. Many varieties of the first-named type were flowering 
 freely at the holidays, but the record would have been surpassed had it 
 not been for the fact that during the month of November the region 
 about Ithaca had not an entire day of sunshine and had only two partly 
 sunny days. December was almost as dark and cloudy. 
 
 The winter-flowering peas make their greatest growth under glass. 
 When planted in the spring in the open ground they make a very slender 
 gro\vth as compared with the garden t^'pe, and flower early in the season 
 when a few inches high. However, they flower very profusely and con- 
 tinuously. 
 
 The garden type stools out well when planted under glass, but requires 
 the entire winter for growth if planted in the fall. It is said by a practical 
 grower that seed planted in January will flower as soon as that planted 
 in August. This difference in habit of growth, manifesting itself very 
 early, is of great value to the florist in enabling him to guard against loss 
 from procuring the wrong seed. 
 
 The flowers of the winter-flowering type are generally of the open form 
 of Blanche Ferry. Some of the English- and American-raised varieties 
 of this type are hooded, and Anton C. Zvolanek is perfecting a waved- 
 flower group. At this station it is thought that the open-flowered type 
 
 619 
 
620 
 
 Bulletin 319 
 
 is superior in substance in midwinter, and the flowers remain open. This 
 appears, therefore, to be the commercial type. The perfection of this type 
 will be along the line of increased size and of number of flowers on a stem. 
 
 \V,ill,i,ra C<iii:Uss el R,uln r 
 
 Fig 171. — Difference in grmvth of the winter-flmveriug and garden types 
 
 The hooded varieties are often too much hooded and ha\'e, in the eyes 
 of the buyer, a wilted appearance; or, even when they show their freshness, 
 the flowers do not give the appearance of their real size, as is seen in Mrs. 
 F. J. Dolansky. 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 621 
 
 FORCING sweet PEAS 
 
 Fifteen years ago sweet peas were usually fairly plentiful in the markets 
 Df the large cities about the first of April, and sometimes flowers were 
 ;een as early as the last week in February. Among the varieties grown 
 Neve Blanche Ferry, Lottie Eckford, Emily Henderson, and Katherine 
 Tracy. The seeds were usually sown in August or September in pots 
 md benched after chrysanthemums, or seeds were planted in carnation 
 tenches and the plants trained on the purlin supports of the greenhouse. 
 vVilliam Scott advocated the above methods, especially the latter, as 
 le asserted that the plants did not make much growth until the bright 
 spring days when there was sufficient sunshine for both carnations and 
 jweet peas. 
 
 Florists have been growing sweet peas under glass to a limited extent 
 "or a number of years. Soon after the introduction of Blanche Ferry, 
 it least twenty years ago, this variety was tried under glass. The first 
 •ecord of sweet peas being grown under glass in any other than a very 
 imited way is in 1897, when, Mr. Zvolanek states, he grew three houses 
 Df them, thus becoming undoubtedly the largest grower in the country 
 it that time. In March of that year, sweet peas, white and pink, were 
 reported as very plentiful in the New York market, selling at ^first at 
 twenty-five cents for a bunch of twelve sprays. 
 
 Previous to the introduction of the Zvolanek varieties in 1906, besides 
 the varieties above given, the following were grown: Emily Eckford, 
 Golden Gleam, Countess of Radnor. 
 
 LEADING types 
 
 ChrisUnas-iiowering group 
 This group of winter-flowering sweet peas was developed by Anton 
 C. Zvolanek, now of Bound Brook, N. J., who doubtless supplied The 
 Weekly Florists' Review with the following account of their origin, appear- 
 ing in the issue of that periodical for April 13, 1899, page 495; 
 
 Sweet peas under glass 
 " The accompanying engraving is from a photograph taken January 
 6 last, of a house of sweet peas at the establishment of Mr. Ant. C. Zvolanek, 
 West Hoboken, N. J. The boxes seen in the picture are 6 inches wide 
 and 6 inches deep. The seed was sown in these boxes, out of doors, 
 September 2, and the boxes taken inside the last week in October. The 
 plants began to bloom November 20, and the first cut of 200 flowers was 
 sent to market November 24. The house was 12 x 73 feet and built 
 of sash containing 6x8-inch glass. The temperature given was 45 
 
622 Bulletin 319 
 
 degrees at night. From this house Mr. Zvolanek cut 20,400 blooms 
 during the month of December and 38,800 during January, the stems 
 14 inches long. 
 
 " The variety is one that originated with Mr. Zvolanek. Five years 
 ago he noted among some Lottie Eckfords a plant that started flowering 
 about two weeks earlier than the others and was dwarf er in habit. The 
 following year he fertilized this with Blanche Ferry and the result was 
 a decided improvement in color, size, stem, and habit. He named it 
 Zvolanck's Christmas. He has five other houses of sweet peas, the seed 
 having been sown outside in 4-inch pots early in September and the 
 seedlings planted out in the solid beds inside in November and 
 December in the same soil in which chrysanthemums had been growing. 
 These seem to do as well as those in boxes, supplying a crop of flowers 
 by Christmas." 
 
 The above account of the origin of this group is confirmed in a paper 
 written by Mr. Zvolanek and published in MoUer's " Deutsche Gartner- 
 Zeitung," May 3, 1902. In that account he states that he discovered 
 the original plants in January, 1892, among Lottie Eckfords that did 
 not usually flower until March. The following is his account: 
 
 " On January i, 1895, I was able to send the first ten dozen cut blooms 
 to New York, where they occasioned great surprise. In 1899 I intro- 
 duced this variety as Zvolanck's Christmas. 
 
 " Meanwhile I endeavored to secure other colors by crossing, in which 
 I was also successful. In January, 1899, I exhibited four new seedlings 
 before the New York Florists' Club, and these were in the colors pure 
 white, lavender, malmaison-colored, and red; all of which were commended. 
 Especially prominent is the pure white, which was registered with the 
 vSocicty of American Florists December 18, 1900, as Miss Florence E. 
 Denzer and which will be sent out next August (1902). This excellent 
 sort surpasses its mother, Zvolanck's Christmas, in the size of its flowers 
 as well as in length of stem, producing over twenty per cent blooms with 
 four flowers on very long stems." 
 
 There was found no record of the exhibit mentioned above, but the 
 writer finds mentioned and illustrated in The American Florist for January 
 6, 1900, the following new and promising varieties originated by Mr. 
 Zvolanek : 
 
 " No. I has been named Zvolanck's Christmas; No. 2 is a seedling 
 from Emily Henderson; No. 3, variegated seedling; No. 4, sport from 
 Zvolanck's Christmas; No. 5, seedling from Katherine Tracy." 
 
 The New York Florists' Club, on January 14, 1901, awarded honorable 
 mention to A. C. Zvolanek for a pink variety named Christmas and for 
 two white varieties, No. 6 and Miss Florence E. Denzer. 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 623 
 
 The parentage of the chief varieties of this group has been given by- 
 Mr. Zvolanek as follows: 
 
 Miss Florence E. Denzer — Christmas x Emily Henderson 
 Christmas Comtes — Improved Christmas x New Countess 
 Christmas Captain — Florence E. Denzer x Captain of the Blues 
 
 Miss Helen M. Gould — Florence E. Denzer x 
 
 Mrs. Alexander Wallace — Florence E. Denzer x Lady Grizel Hamilton 
 
 Mrs. Edie Wild — Christmas Pink x Salopian 
 
 Secretary William J. Stewart — Christmas Captain x Countess Spencer 
 
 Mrs. W. W. vSmalley — Enchantress x Mrs. E. Wild 
 
 Mrs. William Sim — Christmas White x Mrs. E. Wild 
 
 Mrs. F. J. Dolansky — Seedling of Enchantress 
 
 Mrs. J. F. Hannan — Mrs. William Sim x Mrs. E. Wild 
 
 Miss Josie Reilly — Florence E. Denzer x Mrs. A. Wallace 
 
 Le Marquis — William J. Stewart x Gladys Unwin 
 
 Mrs. Charles H. Totty • — Mrs. A. Wallace x blue unnamed seedling 
 
 Greenbrook — Mrs. George Lewis x unnamed seedling 
 
 Blue Bird — Walter Wright x Wallacea 
 
 Mrs. George Lewis — Watchung x Gladys Unwin 
 
 Mrs. Zvolanek — Helen Pierce x Christmas White 
 
 Governor Fort ■ — Seedling of Mrs. William Sim x Spencer seedling 
 
 Mr. Zvolanek has probably originated over one hundred varieties, 
 but of this number only the following thirty have been sent out : 
 
 1900, Christmas, or Christmas Pink. 
 1902, Miss Florence E. Denzer. 
 
 1905, Christmas Red and Christmas White. 
 
 1906, Mrs. E. Wild and New Christmas Flowering Hybrids, mostly 
 blue, salmon, and lavender. 
 
 1907, Le Marquis, Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. William J. Stewart, Airs. 
 F. J. Dolansky, Jack Hunter, Christmas Captain, Mrs. Charles 
 H. Totty, Miss Josie Reilly, and Christmas Meteor. 
 
 1908, Mrs. W. W. Smalley, Mrs. George Lewis, Greenbrook, Miss 
 Helen M. Gould, and Marian Hannan (Mrs. J. F. Hannan). 
 
 1909, Wallacea, Governor Fort, Pink Beauty, Mrs. Zvolanek, Helen 
 Keller, and Snow Queen. 
 
 19 10, Blue Bird, Zvolanek's Blue, Zvolanek's Orange, Zvolanek's Pink. 
 
 TSlemly group 
 
 The Telemly varieties of sweet peas have been offered in England 
 for sowing under glass. So far as the writer can learn, they have not yet 
 been offered or grown by the trade in this country. 
 
624 Bulletin 319 
 
 This group was originated by the Re\^erend Edwyn Arkwright, in 
 his garden at Telemly, on the hill of Mustapha near the city of Algiers, 
 in Algeria, Africa. For a number of years our great American variety, 
 Blanche Ferry, was grown. This variety has always been known as an 
 early variety, and it flowered about the end of IMarch in the locality 
 mentioned. 
 
 The Reverend Mr. Arkwright, in an article in the Sweet Pea Annual 
 for 1907, says: 
 
 " About seven years ago a sport showed itself in my garden as early 
 as February and was promptly isolated from all others. The next year 
 I had some plants flowering in January, and among them one red one, 
 a cross apparently from Mars, on which a blossom or two had come out 
 in May of the previous year. From these parents I have now ten or 
 twelve of the usual colours, ranging from white to purple, and including 
 duplicates, or shall I say imitations, of Honorable Mrs. E. Ken3^on, Jeannie 
 Gordon, Lady Grizel Hamilton, Mars, Black Knight, etc., which begin 
 to flower about Christmas time and last for five months. 
 
 " That they form a distinct group is evident from the fact that Eck- 
 ford's sweet peas, which I sow at the same time, i. e., at the end of Sep- 
 tember, do not flower till May. Moreover, the leaf is considerably nar- 
 rower than in Eckford's varieties and more pointed and the stem appears 
 to have more woody fibre." 
 
 Engelmann group {Lathyrus odoratus Praecox) 
 
 Another group of winter-flowering sweet peas has been ofTered by 
 C. Engelmann, of Saffron Walden, Essex, England. Mr. Engelmann 
 says, in the Sweet Pea Annual for 1907 : 
 
 "It is nearly four years since some plants of Ca])tain of the Blues 
 s]3orted with me and gave winter-flowering varieties of quite distinct 
 habit. Ordinarily stocks sown in avittimn will not bloom under glass 
 until the following April, but the newcomers commence to bloom from 
 six to ten weeks after seed sowing, and continue to fomi branches and 
 ])roduce flowers all through the winter. 
 
 " I have now winter-flowering rc])resentatives of such varieties as 
 Dorothy Eckford, Lady Grizel Hamilton, and Miss Wilmott, as well 
 as a number of crosses between these and the ordinary type and Mont 
 Blanc, so that almost all sweet pea colours are represented. 
 
 " In 1906 I sowed my winter-flowering varieties at the end of August 
 and beginning of September, and the resulting plants commenced to 
 flower in October and were splendidly in bloom at the end of November 
 and early in December, and they should continue to flower until the 
 ordinary sweet peas come into flower." 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 
 
 625 
 
 Blanche Ferry and its descendants 
 
 The following is quoted from an article by Will W. Tracy, in The 
 American Florist, Vol. 13, April 2, 1898: 
 
 " Some forty years ago a woman in northern New York noticed and 
 saved seed from a particularly bright -flowered plant of the Painted Lady. 
 She planted them in her garden, and each succeeding year saved and planted 
 seeds from what she thought were her best plants. She did not raise 
 many, some years not more 
 than a dozen plants and never 
 more than could be grown in 
 three square beds. She was 
 the wife of a quarryman and 
 her garden was always over 
 limestone ledges where the 
 soil, though fertile, was often 
 not over a foot in de})th, and 
 gradually her plants became 
 more compact and sturdy, 
 until after some ten or tweh^e 
 years she ceased to bush 
 them, simply letting them 
 support themselves. After she 
 had raised them in this way 
 for some twenty-five years 
 a seedsman noticed their 
 beauty, obtained about one 
 hvmdred seeds, and from them 
 has come the Blanche Ferry." 
 
 This variety was introduced 
 by D. M. Ferry & Co. m 1889. 
 In their catalog for that year 
 it is shown by means of a 
 colored plate. 
 
 Peter Henderson & Co. in- 
 troduced in 1893 the famous 
 white variety, Emily Henderson, a sport of Blanche Ferry. In 1895 
 D. M. Ferry & Co. sent out Extra Early Blanche Ferry, which they 
 produced in 1892. 
 
 Eariiest of All was distributed in 1898 by Burpee. In his catalog 
 he says that "it is not only the earliest to bloom in the open ground, 
 but also the most desirable for forcing under glass for winter cut flowers. 
 The dwarf habit of the plant (only two feet) renders it much more easily 
 
 Fig. 172. 
 
 Branching of the plants of the garden and 
 winter-flowering types 
 
626 
 
 Bulletin 319 
 
 grown upon benches, admits of closer i^lanting, and from seed sown in 
 the latter part of August blooms may be cut for the holidays, while with 
 the taller varieties no blooms could be cut before February or March." 
 In 1Q02 the finn sent out an earlier strain of this variety under the name 
 " Gould's Extreme Early Earliest of All." 
 
 Mont Blanc was introduced by Ernest 
 Benary, of Erfurt, Germany, in igoo. It 
 is said that this variety came from Emily 
 Henderson. Burpee, in his catalog for 
 1 90 1, says that it is the exact counter- 
 I^art of Earliest of All except in the color 
 of the flowers, which are white. 
 
 Earliest Sunbeams appeared in 1904 
 and was described as a primrose Mont 
 Blanc, with which it was identical except 
 in color. 
 
 In 1904 Mr. Thomas Gould, of California, 
 the originator of the strains of Earliest of 
 All, found a white sport in a stock of the 
 Resclected Earliest of All, which was iden- 
 tical with Earliest of All in every respect 
 except color. Unlike Mont Blanc, it had 
 a black seed. This variety, Earliest White, 
 was introduced in 1906 by Burpee, who 
 strongly recoinmended it for forcing. 
 
 Thus we had in 1906 a group of early- 
 flowering varieties represented by Blanche 
 Ferry, Extra Early Blanche Ferry, Earliest 
 of All, Extreme Early Earliest of All, 
 Mont Blanc, Earliest Sunbeams, and 
 Earliest White, which were of distinct 
 habit from the usual garden types and 
 which were sometimes forced under glass. 
 These varieties were all descendants of 
 Blanche Ferry, from which they originated 
 as seed sports either directly or indirectly. A further significant fact is that 
 Blanche Ferry is a descendant of Painted Lady, which is the common name 
 of the sweet pea described by Bumiann in 1 7 3 7 as a new species from Ceylon. 
 The known origin of the winter-flowering type of the Zvolanek and 
 Telemly strains indicates their relation to Blanche Ferry, and this is 
 confirmed by the fact that Watchung, Florence E. Denzer, and others 
 are indistinguishal)lc from varieties named above. 
 
 Fig. 173. — Sweet peas grown in pots 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 627 
 
 CULTURE under GLASS 
 
 The house 
 
 Winter-flowering sweet peas grow six to ten or more feet high, and if 
 they are to attain their full development a house with this amount of 
 headroom is required. They also need all the light they can get, as the 
 lighter the house, the more blooms there will be. Low or dark houses 
 are not practicable. 
 
 Solid beds. — Sweet peas may be grown on benches, but solid beds are 
 better since the plants require a deep, moist, cool soil. The roots should 
 be given an opportunity to go down, by properly preparing the soil two 
 or three feet in depth. With this depth of prepared soil it is imperative 
 that the beds have good drainage, for oversaturation is detrimental to 
 the young plants and any tendency to keep them in this state brings on 
 sourness, which is fatal to sweet peas. Having the beds raised at least 
 one foot above the walks will assist in keeping the soil vmiformly sweet. 
 
 When planning to grow sweet peas under glass in solid beds, the house 
 should be cleared as early as possible. Trench the soil two feet deep. 
 If the beds have been manured annually, the bottom soil may be brought 
 to the surface. In new houses, in case the beds are to be raised a foot, 
 trench the soil eighteen to twenty-four inches deep if it is a good loam; 
 if not, remove the soil and fill the beds with good soil. This gives an 
 additional foot of loosened soil when the bed is full, but it is needed for 
 additional drainage. In turning this original soil in a new bed, a];)ply 
 a heavy coat of good decomposed cow manure in the trench. Then 
 spread on top a three-inch coat of m^anure and fill in with the prepared 
 soil. In the old beds, put a three-inch layer of manure in the bottom 
 of the trench and another about a foot below the top. The soil should 
 remain thus until about the time for sowing; if a month or more inter- 
 venes, it is much better. At this time fork over the top layer one foot 
 deep, which mixes the upper layer of manure with the surface soil. 
 
 Benches. — While good crops of sweet peas may be grown on benches, 
 yet they require more care than when in beds. The sweet pea is frequently 
 grown as a crop to succeed chrysanthemums, particularly by those florists 
 who do not devote a great amount of space to pot plants. In order to 
 have flowers for Christmas, the early chrysanthemums should be cleared 
 from the house by October 20 and the space filled with good sweet pea 
 plants transplanted from pots. 
 
 The seed 
 Only good, strong-germinating seed should be used, and the best for 
 the purpose is the outdoor-grown stock of this type. If the grower raises 
 his own seed for the earliest planting, that from outdoor fall-sown plants 
 
62 S Bulletin ^.519 
 
 I 
 
 is preferable; otherwise it will always i)ay to purchase stock from the 
 specialists who produce seed under California conditions. Seed procured 
 near the end of the season from, exhausted ji;reenhouse-5,:;rown plants often 
 germinates poorly or ])roduces weak ])lants. Sometimes, even though 
 the seedlings start off fairly well, they later exhibit constitutional weakness. 
 
 If the steam pijies are on the side walls, plant the first row of seeds 
 five feet from them. If the rows run east and west, plant the others 
 five feet ai)art; if the rows run north and south, space them three feet 
 apart. Make the drills one or -^ne iind a half inch deep, and drop the 
 seeds one to one and a half mch apart. Cover the depth of the drill, 
 and keep the surface level. 
 
 Sowing 
 
 The winter-flowering varieties may be sown in the beds or benches 
 where they are to stand, or they may be sown in pots. The former method 
 gives the better results.* A day or two before planting, the beds should 
 be thoroughly saturated with water; William Sim, the most extensive 
 grower, advises a strong dose of liquid manure instead. As soon as the 
 top has dried ofi so as to be in a good friable condition, plant the seed. 
 The varieties with white seeds are best sown in sand ; or, as Mr. Zvolanek 
 advises, soak the seeds for ten hours in water, scatter in flats, and allow 
 to remain for two days or until the seeds begin to swell. The seeds may 
 then be sown in moderately dry soil in the same way as other varieties. 
 The white-seeded varieties, more than any others, require careful attention 
 in the watering. 
 
 Watering 
 
 If the soil has been saturated before planting, no more water should 
 be applied for perhaps a week, or only when the soil is no longer moist 
 three inches below the surface. When a thorough watering is not applied 
 first, and the seed is sown and watered in, as a rule not enough water 
 is given to saturate the soil very deep. The result is that the plant con- 
 fines its root area to this shallow moist layer and does not root deeply. 
 It therefore suffers from extremes, and any lack of moisture is followed by 
 a check from which it never recovers. On the other hand, if the prepara- 
 tory watering is given and water witlihcld until there is need of it, the 
 roots strike downward into moist and cooler soil where they overcome, 
 as far as possible, the effects of the hot days. The sweet pea must be 
 kept growing steadily from the day the seed is sown. When water is 
 needed, do not apply near the plants, but between the rows, where it 
 should be given liberally. This treatment is especially important with 
 
 * One large grower sows the s>eed in flats or benches, in sand, transplanting the seedlings as soon as the 
 upper side root is one half inch long. Two plants are placed in each two-and-a-half-inch pot. These 
 are planted, four pots to one foot of row, in the greenhouse. 
 
Bulletin 319 
 
 Platk I 
 
 The house of winter-flowering sweet peas, February, igio 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 629 
 
 the early plantings. One reason why water should not be applied too 
 near the plants is that they are especially subject to damping off. This 
 trouble becomes more prevalent in October and November, when there 
 are more cloudy days, cool nights, and like conditions. Because of this, 
 no soil should be heaped around the stem. 
 
 Time to plant 
 
 When a good crop of sweet peas is desired for Christmas, the seed should 
 be sown the 20th of August. When sown September i the plants will 
 flower in January; when sown September 15 the main crop will be in 
 February; and when sown in October the crop will be ready in March. 
 November sowings flower in the latter part of March; December sowings 
 in April; January sowings in April and May; February sowings from May 
 I on; and a March sowing in May or June. This gives the time when 
 a reasonable crop can be expected, although flowers will be cut, especially 
 with certain varieties, in a shorter interval than that given. 
 
 Some of the varieties in the tests at this station, sown October 20 and 
 benched December 20, gave flowers during the last week in January, 
 but not freely until about March. Some sown November 20 and benched 
 December 20 began flowering in February and gave an abundance in 
 March. Seed sown in beds September 24 this year gave flowers on Thanks- 
 giving Day, although during the whole month of November there was not 
 one clear day and there were only two partly clear days. 
 
 Supports 
 
 As soon as the peas are up, a support must be furnished. This may 
 consist of string, wire and string, or wire netting. When string is used 
 it is stretched lengthwise on each side of the row and fastened to stakes on 
 the purlin posts. The wire-and-string support consists of wires stretched 
 over the row, one near the ground and another eight to ten feet above it; 
 between these, string is stretched lengthwise every ten inches, and per- 
 pendicular strings connect the top and bottom wires. 
 
 Wire netting is condemned by commercial growers. They maintain 
 that the vines do not cling to it, so that just as much tying is needed; 
 and, besides, more crooked stems occur than when the vines are trained 
 0:1 string. At this station, however, all the methods have been tried 
 and the wire netting has been found preferable. 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Keep the temperature in the early stage as low as possible, giving full 
 ventilation, day and night, as late as possible without freezing. The 
 
630 Bulletin 319 
 
 cooler the plants can be kept while growing, the stronger and healthier 
 they will be. In this way the natural outdoor spring conditions are 
 approximated. 
 
 When the flower buds can be felt in the ti])s of the growing stems, the 
 temperature should be raised 1° a night until 50° is attained, which is 
 the proper temperature during December, January, and February. From 
 about the end of February on, a night temperature of 48° is better. On 
 bright days a rise of 10° or even 15° may be given. On cloudy days 55° 
 is high enough, for higher temperatures promote soft, succulent growth 
 that wilts when the sun comes out. Plenty of ventilation should be 
 ])rovidcd at every opportunity, as this, with careful regulation of temper- 
 ature, causes a firm growth. 
 
 Insects 
 
 Sweet peas are especially subject to attack by the red spider, but unless 
 the plants are too near heated pipes such attacks do not often occur 
 except in the fall months. The careful use of water after the plants have 
 attained a height of a few inches will eradicate this pest. 
 
 The common enemy of greenhouse plants, the green fly, attacks sweet 
 peas from the time they appear above ground. These insects can soon 
 destroy the young plants, as well as weaken the plants at any stage. 
 Fumigation should be attended to carefully, the grower choosing cool 
 nights or performing the work early in the morning; the chief object being 
 to clear the plants thoroughly by regular and persistent fumigation so 
 that they will not need fumigating when in bloom, as the odor is objection- 
 able and injures the sale of the flowers. Tobacco also bleaches the flowers 
 of some varieties. In the spring, when spraying plants with nicotine 
 for green fly or for thrips, use this insecticide carefully as sweet peas 
 are subject to injury from it. A nicotine preparation containing forty 
 per cent of the constituent nicotine, used at the rate of two teaspoon- 
 fuls to each gallon of water, will kill the thrips that arc hit by the spray. 
 
 Climbing cutworms and snails, if present in greenhouses, will destroy 
 sweet peas. The former insects, which attack also carnations, x-iolcts, 
 and chrysanthemums under glass, are combated by using compost that 
 has not been covered by a rank growth of weeds and grass. When their 
 work is noticed a search should be made for the worms under any mulch 
 or lumps of earth on the bench, where they are coiled up during the day. 
 They may also be picked from the plants at night while feeding. The 
 use of poisoned baits is also recommended; among the best of these is 
 the bran-arsenic mash, made by mixing one part white arsenic, one part 
 sugar, and six parts bran, with suificient water to form a mash. This 
 may be placed among the plants. Snails can be controlled by the appli- 
 cation of lime and soot to the surface of the beds or benches. 
 
Bulletin 319 
 
 Plate II 
 
 The sweet pea mildew 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 631 
 
 Diseases 
 
 The damping-off fungus has already been mentioned as causing the 
 loss of young plants. Sometimes plants are seen with white- or yellow- 
 streaked foliage. From experience at this station it appears that such a 
 condition may follow the use of any soil that is not sweet. An instance 
 occurred when a mold growing over the ashes of a bench entered the 
 bottom of some pots of peas, causing the soil to become stale and musty. 
 x\ll the plants where this occurred showed streaked foliage later. The 
 disease is undoubtedly physiological in its nature and is thought by prac- 
 tical growers to occur sometimes from the use of too much or too fresh 
 manure on young plants. 
 
 The dropping of flower buds is often a cause of complaint from growers. 
 The first flower buds frequently do not set on vigorous, thrifty plants. 
 Usually this condition soon disappears, but sometimes it is necessary 
 to keep the plants a little dry and to abstain from the use of fertilizers 
 until the plants are blooming freely. The loss of the buds will follow a 
 sudden fall in the temperature or will result from overwatering. Another 
 cause is, growing the plants in too cool an atmosphere. Plants that are 
 grown in the proper temperature, with careful attention to watering, 
 ventilation, and feeding, do not fail to give an abundance of flowers. 
 
 Mildew sometimes attacks sweet peas during the autumn, unless the 
 temperature and ventilation receive attention. It has been found at this 
 station that mildew yields readily to applications of sulfur to the pipes, 
 and to the use of flour of sulfur dusted on the infected leaves. As soon 
 as the fires are started in the fall, some sulfur should be applied to the pipes 
 as a preventive. This should be used judiciously, however, for an interest- 
 ing case came under observation at this station during the past winter, 
 of the danger of using sulfur too strong. An application had been made, 
 and on a very cold night the pipe covered with the sulfur was turned on, 
 the result being that every flower which was well advanced or open was 
 scorched so that most of the flowers had to be thrown away. No injury 
 to the plants occurred. 
 
 TESTS OF WINTER-FLOWERING SWEET PEAS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 
 The origin of the various groups of winter-flowering varieties of sweet 
 peas has been traced above, and the varieties of the garden type formerly 
 grown under glass have been noted. 
 
 All obtainable varieties of the winter-flowering type have been grown 
 two seasons under glass, and also out of doors during the past summer. 
 
 From Anton C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, N. J., were received original 
 winter-flowering sweet pea seeds of the following thirty-one varieties: 
 
632 Bulletin 319 
 
 Blue Bird, Christinas Captain, Christmas Pink, Enchantress, Florence E. 
 Denzer, Governor Fort, Grecnbrook, Jack Hunter, Le Marquis, Meteor, 
 Miss Helen M. Gould, Miss Josie Reilly, Mrs. C. H. Totty, Mrs. F. J. 
 Dolansky, Mrs. J. F. Hannan, Mrs. George Lewis, Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. 
 E. Wild, Mrs. William Sim, Mrs. W. W. Smalley, Niger, Pink Beauty, 
 Red Seedling, Variegated, Watchung, William J. Stewart, and Wallacea; 
 in 191 1, Zvolanek's Blue, Orange, Pink, and J. K. Allen. 
 
 From C. Engelmann, Saffron Walden, Essex, England, came the follow- 
 ing six varieties of Lathyrus odoratus Praecox: White, Mauve, Deep 
 Mauve, Carmine, Maroon, and Blue. 
 
 There were obtained from F. Fleetwood Paul, Botley, Hants, England, 
 the following four varieties of " Paul's Improved Telemly vStrain, or 
 Christmas-Flowering Sweet Peas": Rose and Carmine, Mauve, Two 
 Shades Pink, and White. 
 
 From the Reverend E. Arkwright, Telemly, Alger-Mustapha, Algeria, 
 Africa, were received the following eighteen named varieties of Telemly 
 sweet peas: Apple Blossom, Indigo Blue, Blue and Red, Cerise, Lavender 
 and Pink, Lavender; Maroon, Mauve, Pale Pink, Pink, Pale Primrose, 
 Purple, Purple and Maroon, Red Bicolor, Red Self, Red and W^hite, 
 Violet, and White. 
 
 Canary, Flamingo, Christmas White, Snowbird, and Mrs. A. C. 
 Zvolanek, also seeds of Mont Blanc, Earliest Sunbeams, Earliest White, 
 Earliest of All, Reselected Eariiest of All, Emily Henderson, and Blanche 
 Ferry, were received from A. T. Boddington, New York. The same firm 
 forwarded packets of their stock of Florence E. Denzer, Mrs. W. W. 
 Smalley, Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. William Sim, Mrs. E. Wild, Mrs. George 
 Lewis, Christmas Pink, and Watchung, which were identical with the 
 varieties of the same name in the Zvolanek collection. 
 
 The Bryson Ayres Company, Independence, Mo., sent the following va- 
 rieties: Christmas Primrose, Mrs. A. Wallace, Ayres' Thanksgiving White, 
 Christmas Blue, Mrs. C. H. Totty, Christmas Pink, Mrs. William vSim. 
 
 Altogether, seventy-three varieties, from five sources in Anicrica, 
 Algeria, and England, have been tested at this station. This probably 
 represents the largest collection of the forcing type ever brought together. 
 In all these trials there has never been discovered the slightest reason for 
 believing that any variety was a hybrid between some species of the vetch 
 and Lathyrus odoratus. Side by side with the varieties of winter-flowering 
 sweet peas the following species of vetch have been grown and studied at 
 all stages of development: Vicia sattva, V. villosa, V. gcrardii, and V. 
 Julgens. 
 
 The winter-flowering Lathyrus odoratus Praecox and the Telemly strains 
 all have the same habit of growth and early-flowering i^ropensity, with 
 
Bulletin 319 
 
 Plate III 
 
 The winter-flowering sweet peas, May j, 1911. After blooming for five months 
 
Bulletin 319 
 
 Plate IV 
 
 The Spencer sweet peas. May 4, igii. A feiu days after beginning to bloom 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 
 
 633 
 
 the exception of Paul's Telemly Mauve, which is distinct from Arkwright's 
 Telemly Mauve and which belongs to the outdoor type since it exhibits 
 similar characteristics of bushy growth and is late-fiowering. This 
 variety, planted at the same time as the other varieties from Mr. Paul, 
 produced flowers eight to nine weeks later; the second year it gave flowers 
 seventeen to eighteen weeks later. 
 
 The Telemly varieties from Arkwright show by the form of their flowers 
 that they have been derived from Blanche Ferry. The latter, when sown 
 in August, does not flower much in winter, although it has much the same 
 character of growth. 
 
 The varieties Florence E. Denzer and Mont Blanc, also Earliest White, 
 Watchung, and Snowbird, and Christmas Pink, Earliest of All, Reselected 
 Earliest of All, and Blanche Feny, have flowers that are identical and the 
 three last named come into bloom at the same time. The open-flowered 
 varieties from Zvolanek and Boddington are earlier than the hooded 
 varieties and are also less vigorous growers. 
 
 NUMBER OF DAYS REQUIRED TO BRING INTO BLOOM 
 
 Variety 
 
 Planted 
 
 in pots 
 
 October 22 
 
 (1909- 
 
 1910) 
 
 Planted 
 in open 
 ground 
 (1910) 
 
 Planted 
 in beds 
 Septem- 
 ber 24 
 (1910- 
 1911) 
 
 Earliest White 
 
 Earliest of All 
 
 Watchung 
 
 Snowbird 
 
 Reselected Earliest of All . 
 
 Blanche Ferry 
 
 Earliest Sunbeams 
 
 Two Shades Pink 
 
 Blue Bird 
 
 Greenbrook 
 
 Christmas Pink 
 
 Mont Blanc 
 
 Canary 
 
 Teleml}' Pale Primrose. . . 
 
 Christmas Captain 
 
 Variegated 
 
 WilHam J. vStewart 
 
 Telemly Apple Blossom. . 
 
 Telemly Maroon 
 
 Le Marquis 
 
 Christmas Meteor 
 
 Mrs. Zvolanek 
 
 Telemly Pink 
 
 Mrs. J. F. Hannan 
 
 Helen M. Gould 
 
 T61emly Indigo Blue 
 
 71 
 71 
 71 
 71 
 
 96 
 92 
 
 99 
 104 
 
 99 
 
 99 
 
 112 
 
 93 
 105 . 
 
 97 
 
 lOI 
 
 93 
 95 
 
 lOI 
 lOI 
 
 95 
 97 
 98 
 
 91 
 
 68 
 68 
 68 
 68 
 68 
 68 
 74 
 
 74 
 74 
 74 
 74 
 76 
 
 75 
 76 
 
 76 
 76 
 
 79 
 74 
 
 60 
 63 
 63 
 66 
 66 
 66 
 81 
 
 85 
 86 
 
 87 
 87 
 
 89 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 93 
 93 
 93 
 93 
 
634 Bulletin 319 
 
 NUMBER OF DAYS REQUIRED TO BRING INTO BLOOM — (Continued) 
 
 Variety 
 
 Planted 
 
 in pots 
 
 October 22 
 
 (1909- 
 
 1910) 
 
 Planted 
 in open 
 ground 
 (1910) 
 
 Planted 
 in beds 
 Septem- 
 ber 24 
 (1910- 
 1911) 
 
 Telemly Blue and Red 
 
 Christmas Enchantress 
 
 Mrs. C. H. Totty 
 
 Mrs. A. Wallace 
 
 Paul's Rose and Carmine. . . . 
 
 Christmas White 
 
 Wallacea 
 
 Flamingo 
 
 Arkvvright's Tdlemly White. . 
 
 Telemly Purple 
 
 Florence E. Denzer 
 
 Niger 
 
 Tdemly Red and White 
 
 Telemly Pale Pink 
 
 Pink Beauty 
 
 Red Seedling 
 
 Telemly Violet 
 
 Teleml}'^ Cerise 
 
 Jack Hunter 
 
 Kliss Josie Reilly 
 
 Praecox White 
 
 Mrs. F. J. Dolansky 
 
 Mrs. William Sim 
 
 Mrs. W. W. Smallcy 
 
 Telemly Red Self 
 
 Tdlcmly Lavender and Pinl< . 
 Telemly Mauve (Arkwright) 
 
 T(Jlemly Lavender 
 
 Governor Fort 
 
 Praecox Carmine 
 
 Praecox Deep Mauve 
 
 Mrs. E. Wild 
 
 Praecox Mauve 
 
 Paul's Telemly Mauve 
 
 Mrs. George Lewis 
 
 Paul's Telemly White 
 
 91 
 
 97 
 
 106 
 
 106 
 
 104 
 
 99 
 
 lOI 
 
 95 
 94 
 93 
 105 
 104 
 92 
 92 
 
 lOI 
 
 103 
 98 
 98 
 97 
 99 
 
 105 
 
 lOI 
 
 103 
 
 102 
 
 98 
 
 93 
 
 95 
 
 lOI 
 
 99 
 III 
 109 
 109 
 107 
 160 
 99 
 94 
 
 Emily Henderson . 
 Henry Eckford . . . 
 King Edward VH. 
 Countess Spencer. 
 
 Helen Lewis 
 
 Primrose Spencer. 
 White Spencer. . . . 
 
 The garden varieties tested 1910-iyii 
 
 77 
 76 
 77 
 
 77 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 74 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 93 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 94 
 95 
 95 
 95 
 96 
 
 95 
 96 
 96 
 96 
 96 
 98 
 102 
 
 lOI 
 lOI 
 lOI 
 
 102 
 102 
 102 
 
 102 
 102 
 107 
 107 
 109 
 
 no 
 no 
 112 
 124 
 218 
 96 
 102 
 
 202 
 
 214 
 216 
 216 
 214 
 216 
 212 
 
 The plants of the j^ardcn ty])e started September 24 with the winter- 
 flowering type produced their first blossoms during the last week in 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 
 
 63 s 
 
 April, while the latter were still blooming freely after having yielded cut 
 blooms for nearly five months, and the extra 'early varieties for six months. 
 
 NUMBER OF DAYS COMING INTO BLOOM CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO GROUP TO WHICH 
 
 THE VARIETIES BELONG 
 
 Variety 
 
 1909-1910 
 
 1910-1911 
 
 Engelmann varieties 
 
 Praecox Blue 
 
 Praecox Carmine 
 
 Praecox Deep Mauve 
 
 Praecox Mauve 
 
 Praecox Maroon 
 
 Praecox White 
 
 Lathvrus odoratus Praecox 
 
 Paul's Improved Tilemly varieties 
 
 Two Shades Pink . 
 Rose and Carmine . 
 
 Mauve 
 
 White 
 
 Arkivright's Tilemly varieties 
 
 Tdlemly White 
 
 Telemly Pale Primrose 
 
 Telemly Apple Blossom 
 
 Telemly Maroon 
 
 Telemly Pink 
 
 Telemly Indigo Blue 
 
 Telemly Blue and Red 
 
 Telemly Purple 
 
 Telemly Red and White .... 
 
 Telemly Pale Pink 
 
 Telemly Violet 
 
 Telemly Cerise 
 
 Telemly Lavender and Pink . 
 
 Telemly Mauve 
 
 Telemly Lavender 
 
 Telemly Red Self 
 
 Telemly Red Bicolor 
 
 Telemly Purple and Maroon . 
 
 Ill 
 III 
 
 no 
 
 109 
 
 no 
 
 107 
 
 124 
 
 lOQ 
 
 
 105 
 
 lOI 
 
 92 
 
 85 
 
 104 
 
 160 
 
 94 
 218 
 
 94 
 
 102 
 
 94 
 93 
 93 
 
 95 
 88 
 89 
 
 95 
 
 90 
 
 95 
 
 93 
 
 91 
 
 93 
 
 91 
 
 93 
 
 93 
 92 
 92 
 98 
 98 
 
 95 
 96 
 96 
 98 
 102 
 
 93 
 
 102 
 
 95 
 
 107 
 
 lOI 
 
 98 
 
 107 
 102 
 
 94 
 98 
 
 
 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES 
 
 In the following descriptions of winter-flowering sweet peas and such 
 other kinds as are used for forcing, the varieties are classified according 
 to the form of the standard into two groups- — open and hooded. Each 
 group is subdivided into its leading colors by the marginal divisions. 
 The white varieties are arranged in groups according to color of the seed — 
 white seed and black seed. The year given is that in which the variety 
 was introduced. The Repertoire de Couleurs was used as the standard 
 chart in determining the colors of the flowers. 
 
636 
 
 Bulletin- 319 
 
 O^P^f 
 
 Hooded Open 
 
 Fig. 174. — Classification according to the form of the flower 
 
 OPEN FORM 
 CHRISTMAS WHITE 
 
 White (White seed) 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1905. Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, white, open-form, notched standard, 
 
 dwarf growth. 
 Synonym — This is Florence E. Denzer. 
 
 FLORENCE E. DENZER 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1902. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched 
 standard, dwarf growth, medium early. Valuable for market. 
 
 Description in detail — Color snow-white 1-4 (2), the expanding flowers 
 greenish white 1-2 (15). Open-form, fiat, notched standard, long, 
 narrow wings. Flowers two or three on stems of medium length, of 
 good substance and fragrant. Plant dwarf, not over six feet. Seed 
 white. Said to be a cross between Christmas Pink and Emily Hender- 
 son in 1895. Registered as Miss Florence E. Denzer, December 15, 
 1902. 
 
 Comparison — This variety is a month later than Watchung, Snowbird, 
 and Earliest White. In the open it was a week later. 
 
 Synonym — Christmas White is the same variety. 
 
Winter-flowering vSweet Peas 637 
 
 MONT BLANC 
 
 Originated by Bemary, 1900. Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched 
 
 standard, midseason, dwarf growth. 
 Comparison — Similar to Florence E. Denzer. 
 
 TELEMLY WHITE 
 
 Originated by . Donated by Paul. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, notched standard, mid- 
 season variety of dwarf growth. 
 
 Remark — This variety has white seeds and germinated very poorly, 
 giving two plants from ten seeds. 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Florence E. Denzer. 
 
 TELEMLY WHITE 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Large size, pure white, open-form, notched standard, 
 
 midseason variety, of tall, vigorous growth. 
 Remark — This white contains a variety of hooded form similar to Dorothy 
 
 Eckford. 
 Comparison — During both seasons this variety was distinctly larger 
 
 than any other white variety. 
 
 EARLIEST WHITE 
 
 White (Black seed) 
 
 Originated by Gould. Sent out by Burpee, 1906. Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, notched standard, dwarf 
 growth. Valuable because of its extreme earliness. 
 
 Description in detail — Fully open flower milk-white 2-3 (11); wings and 
 standard have no trace of color except in the young bud. Open-form, 
 fiat, notched standard, w4ngs long and broad. Flowers one to three 
 on short medium stems, substance good, fragrant. An early and free 
 bloomer. Plant dwarf, under six feet, begins to bloom when eighteen 
 inches high. Leaflets dark green, narrow, and pointed. Seed large, 
 round, and black. 
 
 Remark — Both seasons, under glass, this variety and its synonyms were 
 three weeks earlier than any other variety, and in the open ground 
 they were one week earlier than Mont Blanc. 
 
 Comparison — This variety is similar to Snowbird and Watchung. 
 
638 Bn.iJ'rnN ,:; i<) 
 
 SNOWBIRD 
 
 Originated by . Donated by Bodclington, 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched 
 
 standard, dwarf growth. Valuable for early forcing. 
 Comparison — Similar to Earliest White and Watchung. 
 
 WATCHUNG 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, pure white, open-form, notched 
 
 standard, dwarf growth. Valuable for early forcing. 
 Comparison — Very similar to Earliest White. 
 
 CANARY 
 Primrose 
 
 Originated by . Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief - — Medium size, primrose, open-form, notched standard, 
 early variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of opening standard is cream-yellow 2 (30), 
 fades to creamy white 2 (10); wings yellowish white 3 (13), fading to 
 creamy white i (10). Flower open-form, with flat, notched standard, wings 
 long, broad, and concealing the keel. Growth not tall, under six feet. 
 
 Camparison — Opens deeper yellow and not quite so large as Burpee's 
 Earliest Sunbeams and Telemly Primrose. Standard erect and fiat, 
 while those of the last-named variety often reflex on the edges. Plant 
 grew taller than other primrose varieties. 
 
 EARLIEST SUNBEAMS 
 
 Originated by Burpee, 1904. Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, primrose, open-form, notched standard, 
 dwarf growth, early variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color yellowish white 1-2 (13), black deeper 
 shade, wings slightly lighter. Open-form, notched standard, long, 
 broad wings. Flowers one to three on niedium stems, substance good, 
 ntoderately fragrant. Early and free bloomer. Plant not tall, under 
 six feet. Leaflets dark green, narrow, and pointed. Seed white. 
 
 Comparison — This variety is similar to Telemly Pale Primrose, and was 
 introduced prior to it. 
 
 TELEMLY PALE PRIMROSE 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, o]:)en-form, primrose, notched standard, 
 
 early variety. 
 Comparison — Similar to Earliest Sunbeams. 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 639 
 
 T6LEMLY PINK 
 Pink 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Bright pink, medium size, open-fomi, notched 
 standard, moderately vigorous grower, midseason. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of the standard as it opens is bright purple- 
 rose 2-3 (150) or Rose Neyron red i (119), changing to pale lilac-rose 
 2 (130); wings mauve-rose i (153). Flower open-form, notched stand- 
 ard, with large, long, broad wings. Stems long and strong. Fragrant. 
 Midseason. Plant a moderate grower. 
 
 Remark — One of the most beautiful pink varieties in the collection, but 
 
 is not fixed. 
 
 ZVOLANEK'S PINK 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 19 10. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief ■ — A large, open, soft pink flower. 
 
 Description in detail — -Color of standard Rose Neyron red 1-2 (119); 
 wings lilac-rose i (152) or paler. Flower large, open-fonn, and borne 
 on stems of medium length and strength. Fragrance moderate. Good 
 substance. Plant medium height, slender, but a very profuse bloomer. 
 
 MRS. W. W. SMALLEY 
 Cream pink 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1908. Donated by Zvolanek, Bpddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, soft pink, open-form, late variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of the standard, rosy flesh i (134); wings 
 pale flesh i (136). Flower medium size, open-form standard some- 
 times with a faint notch, flat; wings long and narrow, concealing the 
 keel. Season late. Plant a moderately vigorous grower, medium 
 height. 
 
 Comparison — A Christmas or winter-flowering open-form Venus. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, March, 1906. 
 
 TELEMLY APPLE BLOSSOM 
 Bicolor 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, open-form, flushed pink on light 
 primrose standard, wings light primrose. An early variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color milk-white 4 (11), standard flushed with 
 pink 4 (7), in the center with inilk- white edges. Wings milk-white. 
 Variable in color and in size. Open-form, notched standard, wings large, 
 long, and broad. Flowers on medium long stems, fragrant. Pro- 
 ductive. Plant dwarf, under six feet, slender growth. Leaflets narrow 
 and pointed. 
 
640 Bulletin 319 
 
 Remark — Fully one half rogues, one with a red standard and pink wings, 
 the other an inferior variety with purple standard and blue wings. 
 
 CHRISTMAS PINK 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1899. Donated by Zvolanek, Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, open-fonn, early 
 
 variety. Very valuable market variety grown under glass. 
 Description in detail — Under glass, color of standard is deep cerise 4 
 
 (123), wnngs are lilacy white i (7). Open-fomi standard notched, 
 
 wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three on 
 
 long, strong stems. Very productive. 
 Remark — This variety under glass was three weeks later than Earliest 
 
 of All and other varieties, and in the open ground was one week later. 
 Comparison — Similar in color to Blanche Ferry, Earliest of All, and 
 
 others, but much superior to these varieties in every respect except in 
 
 earliness. 
 
 BLANCHE FERRY 
 
 Introduced by Ferry, 1889. Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, extra early, open-form, 
 
 notched standard, short stems, plant a poor grower in midwinter. 
 Remarks — An old forcing variety, but superseded by Christmas Pink. 
 
 Not productive from November to March, and stems too short. 
 
 EARLIEST OF ALL 
 
 Originated by Gould. Sent out by Burpee, iSgS. Dowa/^cf 63^ Boddington. 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, open-form, notched 
 
 standard, extra early variety. 
 Remark — This variety was in every respect similar to Blanche Ferry and 
 
 Reselected Earliest of All. 
 Comparison — Similar in color to Christmas Pink and Telcmly Red and 
 
 White, but much earlier. Not equal to those varieties for growing 
 
 under glass in midwinter. 
 
 RESELECTED EARLIEST OF ALL 
 
 Introduced by Gould. Sent out by Burpee, 1902. Donated by Burpee. 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red and white, open-form, notched 
 
 standard, short stems, extra early, plant a weak grower under glass. 
 Comparison — One year of trial under glass showed that this variety was 
 
 not so vigorous as, and was no earlier than, Earliest of All. In the 
 
 open ground this variety came into bloom on the same day as Blanche 
 
 Ferry and Earliest of All. 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 641 
 
 TELEMLY RED AND WHITE 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, open-form, red and white, notched 
 
 standard, productive, midseason, very vigorous variety. 
 Description in detail — Flower open-form, flat, notched standard, wings 
 
 long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers two to three on very 
 
 long, strong stems. Very productive. Plant tall, vigorous grower, 
 
 over ten feet. 
 Comparison — Similar to Christmas Pink. 
 
 TELEMLY. PALE PINK 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, pink standard and primrose wings, 
 open-form, strong grower. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard mauve rose i (153); wings 
 lilacy white 3 (7). Flower open-form, notched standard, medium 
 size, wings long and broad, concealing the keel. Flowers medium 
 size, two and three on long, strong stems, fragrant. Midseason. Plant 
 vigorous, tall, over eight feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed, and very 
 dark green. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to Telemly Apple Blossom, as it has larger flowers, 
 is a stronger grower, and is a pure stock. Is distinct from that 
 
 variety, however. 
 
 CHRISTMAS METEOR 
 Crimson and Scarlet 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Meditim size, red, open-fonn, notched standard, 
 midseason, dwarf grower. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-red i (114), wings 
 rosy magenta i (169) changing to magenta 2 (182). Flowers open- 
 form, medium size, short stems. Standard notched at the top and 
 with narrow base; wings long and broad, hooded, concealing the keel. 
 Productive. Continuous bloomer. Midseason. Plant moderately tall 
 grower, six feet. Under glass was a fixed variety. 
 
 Coinparison — Distinct from Flamingo. Telemly Red Bicolor has a 
 similar flower, but is later. Meteor is winter-flowering Ignea. In 
 the open ground the flower blackens as does that variety, and the same 
 rogue occurs in it. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 
 
 TELEMLY RED SELF 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red, open-fonn, notched standard, late. 
 
642 Bulletin 319 
 
 Comparison — Similar to Christinas Meteor, but in the experiments 
 at this station it was later-flowerinjj;. 
 
 TELEMLY TWO SHADES PINK 
 
 Originated by . Donated by Paul. 
 
 Description — This variety was so badly mixed that it was absolutely 
 impossible to determine the true variety. The best thing in it was 
 a red similar to Meteor, and so the variety has been included here 
 There was no other with two shades of color except a few plants of 
 Blue and Red Telcmly, and one plant of Red and White Telemly. 
 The majority of the plants produced flowers of a lilacy white or faint 
 blush pink, but of very inferior fonn. 
 
 TELEMLY RED BICOLOR 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red bicolor, opcn-fomi, notched 
 
 standard. 
 Description in detail — vSee Telcmly Rose and Camiine. 
 
 TELEMLY ROSE AND CARMINE 
 
 Originated by . Donated by Paul. 
 
 Description in brief — Small to medium size, red, open-form, midseason 
 
 variety. 
 Description in detail — Standard carmine lake 2 (121), and wings rosy 
 
 magenta 2 (169). Flower open-form, notched standard, wings long 
 
 and narrow, hooded. \^ariable in size, upper flowers on the spike 
 
 are noticeably smaller. Stems long. Midseason. 
 Comparison — This is similar to Arkwright's Telemly Red Bicolor. 
 
 CHRISTMAS RED 
 Rose and Carmine 
 
 Originated by — . 
 
 Remark — Mr. William Sim (in Horticulture, Vol. VII, No. 19, May 
 9, 1908, \). 628) says that this variety is identical with Flamingo. 
 
 FLAMINGO 
 
 Originated by ■ — . Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red, open-form, midseason variety 
 of short growth. 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 643 
 
 Description in detail — Color crimson-red i (114), fading to 3-4 (118); 
 wings rosy magenta 1-2 (169), changing to magenta 4 (182). Flower 
 open-form, notched in top of standard, the edges of which reflex; wings 
 spreading, slightly hooded at tips. Flowers likely to run below mediiim 
 size. Stems short. Little or no fragrance. A productive midseason 
 variety. Plant of short growth, under six feet, with narrow, pointed 
 leaflets. A pure stock. 
 
 TfiLEMLY CERISE 
 
 Cerise 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, red variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color is far from cerise, being in these experiments 
 
 a solferino red i (157) on the standard, wings bishop's violet i (189). 
 
 Flower open-form, notched standard and small size. Season late. 
 
 Plant a moderate grower. 
 Purity — Badly mixed, with one half the plants Telemly Mauve, Telemly 
 
 Pale Pink, and Telemly Pink. 
 
 TELEMLY LAVENDER 
 Lavender 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized, lavender variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard heliotrope i (188) and of wings 
 
 heliotrope i (198). Flowers medium size. Standard flat, notched. 
 
 Season medium to late. Not a vigorous variety here. 
 
 LAVENDER AND PINK 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, lavender, open-form, late variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of the standard lilac-rose i (152) fading 
 to lilacy white i (7), leaving the base lavender-blue; wings lavender- 
 blue I (204), fading to almost white. Flowers medium size, open-form. 
 Standard flat, notched. Wings long and broad. Season late. Plant 
 a medium grower. 
 
 Purity — Contains Red and White, also Purple and Maroon. 
 
 TELEMLY MAUVE 
 Mauve 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, mauve, open-form, late variety. 
 
644 BrLLETiN 319 
 
 Description in detail — Color of the opening standard bright violet 4 
 (198), changing to heliotrope i (188); wings open bright violet i (198), 
 change to Parma violet i (200). Flower open-fonn, faintly notched, 
 fiat standard; wings long and broad. Flowers medium size, on long 
 stems. Fragrant. Profuse bloomer. Plant very vigorous grower, 
 over eight feet. 
 
 Purity — Contains a hooded fonn, also an early-flowering, waved, blush 
 pink. 
 
 Comparison — Can be called an open-form Mrs. Alexander Wallace. 
 Differs from that variety in the open form, deeper violet in the opening 
 flowers, and deeper blue of the wings. 
 
 TELEMLY MAROON 
 Maroon 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, maroon, open-form, midseason, 
 strong-growing variety. 
 
 Description in detail — The color is not found in the Repertoire de 
 Couleurs; that of the standard is nearest 4 (172), but the wings are 
 slightly purplish near 2 (185) and the keel is shaded bishop's violet 
 4 (189) on white. The effect is the color popularly called maroon. 
 Flower open-form, notched standard, size medium. Stems long. 
 Plant a vigorous grower. 
 
 Comparison — Distinct from Praeeox Maroon. 
 
 MISS HELEN M. GOULD 
 Striped 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1908. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red stripe, open-form, midseason, 
 short grower. 
 
 Description in detail — Striped and flaked with lilacy white i (7) to pale 
 light lilac I (187) on white ground. Wings creamy white 4 (10), fading 
 to white. Flower open-form, notched standard, wings long and 
 narrow. Flowers medium size on short to medium stems. Plant 
 a short grower, under six feet. 
 
 Comparison — Of Earliest White type. 
 
 VARIEGATED 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red stripe on white, open-form, 
 early variety. 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 645 
 
 Description in detail — Standard heavily striped and flaked lilac-purple 
 4 (160) on white; wings fleshy white i (9). Flowers open-form, medium 
 size, on short stems. Standard notched at the top, with narrow base. 
 Plant a short grower, under six feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed, and very 
 dark green. 
 
 Comparison — This is Mrs. Zvolanek, 1909. 
 
 MRS. ZVOLANEK 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, red striped on white, open-form, 
 
 early variety. 
 Remark — This variety was grown in 1910-1911; catalogued as a Blue 
 
 Variegated. 
 Comparison — This variety w-as received under the naine " Variegated " 
 
 in 1909. 
 
 CHRISTMAS CAPTAIN 
 Violet and Purple 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Above medium size, maroon-red standard and blue 
 wings, open-form, early variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard plum- violet 2 (172) or vinous 
 mauve 4 (184), with veins of darker color; wings light bluish violet 
 I (202). Flower open-form, standard with notched top, reflexed edges, 
 and narrow base, wings long and narrow, concealing the keel; size 
 above medium, on medium long stems. Fragrant, very productive 
 and early. Plant a moderate grower, seven feet. Leaflets narrow 
 and pointed. 
 
 Purity — Stock is unfixed. In open ground it broke up into six varie- 
 ties. Said to be iinpossible to fix. 
 
 T^LEMLY BLUE AND RED 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size or slightly larger, maroon-red standard 
 and blue wings, open-form, midseason variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Opening standard deep carmine- violet 3 (174), 
 veins and midrib rich pansy- violet 4 (191). The standard changes 
 to a deep purple i (184). The wings open violet-purple i (192), veins 
 4 (192), change to light bluish violet i (202). Flowers open-form, 
 medium size or slightly larger. Standard slightly notched, flat; wings 
 long, hooded, concealing the keel. 
 
 Comparison — Somewhat on the order of Christmas Captain, but has 
 brighter standards and is a fixed strain. 
 
646 
 
 Bulletin 319 
 
 T^LEMLY PURPLE AND MAROON 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium size, maroon-red with dark blue wings, 
 
 open-form, early variety. 
 Description in detail — Color of the standard is nearest to plum- violet 
 
 3 (172), but is brighter; wings near 4 (194), or bluer. 
 Comparison — The standard is similar in color to the standard of Blue 
 
 and Red Telemly, but the wings arc dark blue, instead of light blue 
 
 as in that variety. 
 
 HOODED FORM 
 
 MRS GEORGE LEWIS 
 White (White seed) 
 
 Originated by Z\'olanek, 1908. Do)iatcd by Zvolanek, Boddington. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium to large, pure white, slightly hooded, 
 moderate grower. 
 
 Fig. 175. — The white-flowering sweet pea, Mrs. George Lewis 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 647 
 
 Description in detail — Color snow-white i (2), slightly hooded form, 
 some flowers approaching the waved form. Standard round, no notch, 
 wings long and narrow. Flowers one to three on medium stems, sub- 
 stance under glass not equal to Watchung. Very mildly and sweetly 
 perfumed. Plant of moderate growth. Leaflets narrow and pointed. 
 Seeds white, a large number split, and one of the most difficult kinds 
 to germinate. Must be carefully handled. 
 
 PRAECOX WHITE 
 
 Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 
 
 Description in brief — Medium-sized flower, late, white, extremely hooded, 
 very long, strong stem, tall grower. 
 
 Description in detail — Flower extremely hooded, wings long and broad, 
 concealing the keel. Moderately fragrant. Flowers three, medium 
 size, on very long, strong stems. Profuse bloomer. Plant very vigorous 
 grower, nine feet, with broad leaves. Seed white, but germinated 
 well. 
 
 Comparison — A distinct variety. 
 
 JACK HUNTER 
 Primrose 
 
 Originated by Zvolanck, igoS. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — ^ Medium size, dwarf growth, late. Color salmon- 
 pink, hooded. 
 
 Description in detail — Color under glass, pale pink 4 (135) wings. Much 
 hooded so that top of standard appears pointed, wings long and broad, 
 concealing the keel. Flowers medium size, on long stems. Substance 
 good. Free bloomer, and fragrant. Plant short, under six feet. 
 Leaflets narrow, pointed, and very dark green in color. Seed black. 
 
 Comparison — Appears to be Christmas-flowering Stella Morse. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 
 
 MRS. F. J. DOLANSKY 
 Pink 
 
 Originated by Zvolanck, 1907. Donated by Zvolanck. 
 
 Description in brief — Light pink self, extremely hooded, strong grower, 
 late variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color in midwinter light rose i (128), but later 
 is mauve-rose 2 (153). Flower is extremely hooded, making apparent 
 size smaller than the real. Stems of medium length. Plant tall grower, 
 over seven feet, narrow, pointed leaflets. A true stock. 
 
648 Bllletin 319 
 
 Comparison — This variety is superior to Christmas Enchantress. Is 
 
 Christmas-flowering Prima Donna. 
 Registered with the Soeiety of American Florists, April, 1906. 
 
 CHRISTMAS ENCHANTRESS 
 
 Originated by Zvokinck. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Light pink self, extremely hooded type, dwarf 
 growth, midseason. 
 
 Description in detail — Color mauve-rose i (153). Extremely hooded 
 form, giving standard a pointed appearance and reducing flower below 
 medituTi size. Shows too many side notches. Free bloomer, with 
 medium stems, fragrant. Plant dwarf grower, five feet. Leaflets 
 narrow and pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Inferior to Mrs. F. J. Dolansky. Is Christmas-flowering 
 Blushing Beauty. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 
 
 J. K. ALLEN 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — A large pink flower. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 1-4 (154); wings 
 lilac- white, suffused with lilac-rose 1-3 (7). Flower large, hooded, 
 and borne on stems of medium length and strength. Fragrance moderate. 
 Substance good. Plant medium height and moderately productive. 
 
 GOVERNOR FORT 
 Cream Pink 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Salmon-pink self, hooded late. 
 
 Description in detail — Medium-sized flowers on long stems, nicely hooded. 
 Color pale lilac-rose 4 (130). Moderately fragrant, late. Plant is 
 strong grower but of medium height, with very dark green leaves. 
 
 Comparison — Superior to Mrs. William Sim in color and form. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists as Governor John P^-ank- 
 lin Fort, May, 1908. 
 
 MRS. WILLIAM SIM 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zyolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Salmon-jjink, hooded form, medium size, tall, 
 vigorous grower. Late. 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 649 
 
 Description in detail — Standard bright rose i (128), wings crushed straw- 
 berry I (109) veined with Rose Neyron red i (119). Extremely hooded 
 form, giving standard pointed appearance and reducing size. Stems 
 long. Very vigorous, tall grower, over nine feet. Leaflets narrow 
 and pointed. Stock true. 
 
 Comparison — Christmas-flowering Countess of Lathom. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, April, 1906. 
 
 RED SEEDLING 
 Crimson and Scarlet 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Red, extremely hooded flowers, on long stems. 
 A vigorous grower. Midseason. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard brighter than amarante red, 
 or dull dark crimson 3-4 (168); wings rosy magenta 2 (169), changing 
 to magenta i (182). Flowers are of the extremely hooded form, appear- 
 ing to be of only medium size due to pointed standard, which is not 
 notched; wings large and spreading, showing the keel rather prominently. 
 
 Midseason. 
 
 MRS. E. WILD 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Carmine-pink. Very late. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard nearly crimson-carmine 4 (159), wings 
 on outside i (159) but inside much lighter. Wings very large, long, 
 broad, and spreading, exposing the keel, and often extending beyond 
 margin of the standard. Fragrant. Very late. Stems large and 
 strong. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 
 
 MRS. J. F. HANNAN 
 Rose and Carmine 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Mediiim size, carmine-netted, hooded variety. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard Tyrian rose 2 (155); wings 
 
 violet rose 3 (154). In summer the color is solferino red i (157). 
 
 Flow^ers on long, strong stems, fragrant, midseason, profuse bloomer. 
 
 Plant a very strong, vigorous grower, making a dense, heavy growth, 
 
 over nine feet. Leaflets narrow and pointed. Wings long, broad 
 
 and concealing the keel. 
 Parentage — Seedling from Mrs. William Sim and Mrs. E. Wild. 
 Synonym — Marian Hannan. 
 Registered with the vSociety of American Florists, April 21, 1906. 
 
650 
 
 BrLi.HTlN 3 ig 
 
 MARIAN HANNAN 
 
 Originated by Zvolanck, 1 908 . 
 Synonym — Mrs. J. F. Hannan, igog. 
 
 PINK BEAUTY 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — "Dark pink self/' hooded, midseason. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard Tyrian rose 2 (155), wings 
 violet rose 3 (154). Standard hooded, round, broad base; wings long, 
 broad, hooded, and concealing the keel. Flowers on very long, strong 
 stems. Productive. Fragrant. Plant very strong grower, above 
 eight feet. Leaflets narrow, pointed. 
 
 Comparison — This year it does not differ from Mrs. J. F. Hannan. In 
 April, 19 10, the latter variety contained more of a salmon tint. 
 
 PRAECOX CARMINE 
 
 Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 
 
 Description in brief — Carmine-netted, hooded, late variety. 
 
 Fig. 176. — Fraccox Carmine 
 
WiNTER-Fl.OWERING SwEET PeAS 65 1 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard crimson-carmine, 3 (159) on 
 the front and 4 (159) on the back. Sometimes a sohd color, sometimes 
 the spaces between the netting are lighter. Wings are almost ptire 
 mauve 2 (180). With age the flower changes, the standard losing its 
 crimson, becoming magenta, while the wings become a sickly purple 
 hue. The standard is hooded and the wings are large and broad. 
 The flower is medium to large, on long stems. Fragrant. Productive. 
 Plant tall, vigorous grower. 
 
 Comparison — Distinctly a deeper crimson than Mrs. Hannan or Pink 
 Beauty. 
 
 CHRISTMAS COMTES 
 
 Lavender 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in detail — When registered, described as "Clear lavender, 
 average three flowers on a stem, plant five feet high, stems long. 
 Improved Christmas and New Countess." 
 
 Comparison — "Lavender, similar to Countess of Radnor but much 
 larger." — Florists' Exchange 22 (1906), p. 97. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, December, 1901. 
 
 t6lemly mauve 
 
 Originated by . Donated by Paul. 
 
 Description in brief — A light lavender, hooded variety. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of opening standard is bishop's violet i 
 
 (189), changing to lobelia blue i (205); wings open bright violet 4 
 
 (198), changing to ageratum blue i (201). 
 Comparison — Similar to Countess of Radnor. 
 Remark — This variety is not of the winter-flowering type, but is an 
 
 outdoor variety which when sown in September or October does not 
 
 flower until April. 
 
 PRAECOX MAUVE 
 Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 
 
 Description in brief — Lavender, hooded, very late. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of flower heliotrope i (188), changing to 
 
 bright violet 2 (198). Flower medium size. Plant vigorous and 
 
 productive. 
 Comparison — Distinct from Mrs. C. H. Totty because it has very much 
 
 less violet in the opening flower and becomes a truer lavender. 
 
 MRS. CHARLES H. TOTTY 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Lavender, hooded, midseason. 
 
652 
 
 Bulletin 319 
 
 Description in detail — Color of the opening standard is bright violet 
 I (198), and wings ageratum blue i (201); changes to a light lavender- 
 blue, much lighter than i (204), and wings fade to Parma violet i (200), 
 with white edges. In midsummer it is more heliotrope as it opens. 
 Flowers hooded, occasionally with side notches. Stems long and 
 strong. Fragrant. Plant a tall, vigorous grower, over nine feet. 
 
 Comparison — A Christmas-flowering Lady Griscl Hamilton. 
 
 GREENBROOK 
 Mauve 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1908. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Lavender blush on white ground. 
 
 Description in detail — Color, standard shaded in center with bright 
 violet I (198) on white (2) ground; wings are white (2). Flowers 
 slightly hooded, medium-sized on long stems; fragrant. Productive, 
 early. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, May, 1908. 
 
 PRAECOX DEEP MAUVE 
 
 Originated by Engclmann. Donated by Engelmann. 
 
 Description in brief — Deep mauve, extremely hooded, ven,^ late. 
 
 Fig. 177. — Praecox Deep Maiive 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 653 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard is violet mauve i (195), changing 
 
 to bright violet i (198) with edges bluish lilac i (183); wings open 
 
 heliotrope 1-2 (188), becoming almost lobelia blue i (205). Flower 
 
 extremely hooded, large-sized, on long stems. Plant tall, strong, 
 
 vigorous grower, over nine feet; leaves broad and pointed. 
 
 Comparison — Distinct. 
 
 MISS JOSIE REILLY 
 
 Originated hyZ\o\sir\ek, 1907- Donated hy Zyoloxiek. 
 
 Description in brief — Lilac, with lavender wings. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-rose 1-2 (154), fading 
 to pale lilac-rose i (178) with paler edges; wings lighter than ageratum 
 blue I (200). Flower of open form, trace of notch at the top of the 
 standard, wings long, broad, and concealing the keel. Flowers medium- 
 sized, on moderately long stems, late. Plant is a moderate grower, 
 under six feet. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, April 21, 1906. 
 
 MRS. ALEXANDER WALLACE 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Lavender, hooded, medium-sized flower, and a 
 vigorous grower. Midseason. 
 
 Description in detail — Standard opens bishop's violet i (189), changes 
 to ageratum blue i (201). Wings open heliotrope i (188) and change 
 to Parma violet 4 (200). Flower extremely hooded, making a pointed 
 standard ; wings hooded, concealing the keel. Fragrant. Free bloomer. 
 Stems long. Midseason. 
 
 Comparison — Same color as Wallacea. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1906. 
 
 WALLACEA 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Lavender, midseason. 
 
 Comparison — This is a better strain of Mrs. Alexander Wallace. 
 
 PRAECOX MAROON 
 
 (Lathyrtis odoratus Praecox) 
 
 Maroon 
 
 Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 
 
 Description in detail — Color is not found in Repertoire de Couleurs, 
 but that of the standard is nearest 4(172), while wings are more purplish, 
 being nearest 4 (185); keel shaded bishop's violet 4 (189). Flowers of 
 extremely hooded form, above medium size, on very long stems. Plant 
 \cr\' vigorous grower, one of the tallest in the collection, over ten feet. 
 
C54 Bulletin 319 
 
 Comparison — Distinct from Telemly Maroon. 
 Remark — Contained Praccox Canninc as a rogue. 
 
 NIGER 
 Violet or Purple 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Deep, rich blue, hooded, medium size, and tall, 
 vigorous grower. Midseason. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard rich pansy-violet 4 (191), wings 
 bright violet -purple 3 (190), changing to violet-purple i (192). Standard 
 without notch, wings short and broad. Flowers medium-sized, very 
 slightly hooded, on very long stems. Productive. Plant tall, vigorous 
 grower. 
 
 Comparison — Distinct from other blues. 
 
 Remark — Stock is mixed with Mrs. E. Wild. 
 
 PRAECOX BLUE 
 
 Originated by Engelmann. Donated by Engelmann. 
 
 Description in brief — A blue-self, medium-sized, hooded variety. 
 Description in detail — See William J. Stewart. 
 Comparison — Similar to William J. Stewart. 
 
 WILLIAM J. STEWART 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, igo;. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Blue self, hooded, medium size. Productive. 
 Early. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of the standard as it opens is a purple- 
 violet 2 (192), changing to bluish violet 4 (199); wings are brighter 
 than 4 (190), changing to light bluish violet i (202). Standard some- 
 times notched on the sides, wings long, overlapping at tips, conceal- 
 ing the keel. Plant very vigorous, tall grower, ten feet. 
 
 Comparison — A Christmas-flowering Imperial Blue. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists as Secrctar}- William 
 J. Stewart, March, 1906. 
 
 t6lEMLY VIOLET 
 
 Originated by ArkwTight. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Blue self, medium size. Early. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple-violet 3 (192), changing 
 
 to bluish violet 4 (199); wings light l)luish violet 4 (202), changing 
 
 to I (202). Standard hooded. 
 Comparison — Similar to ^^'illiam J. Stewart. 
 
Winter-flowering Sweet Peas 655 
 
 TELEMLY PURPLE 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Purple, hooded, open-fonn, medium size, mid- 
 season. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard purple 4 (185); wings bright 
 violet-purple i (190), changing to bluish violet. Flower with a round 
 standard and long, broad wings. Fragrant. Stems long. Profuse 
 bloomer. Plant tall, vigorous grower, over eight feet. 
 
 BLUE BIRD 
 Blue 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 19 10. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — A blue self, hooded, large. Early. 
 
 Description in detail — Color of the standard light bluish violet 3 (202). 
 with lilac lower edges; wings light bluish violet, without trace of lilac. 
 Flower often opens with considerable violet. Extremely hooded, large- 
 sized, on fairly long stems. Plant a moderate grower, over six feet. 
 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, May, 1908. 
 
 LE MARQUIS 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1907. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — Slightly hooded, indigo-blue color, medium size, 
 
 strong grower. Midseason. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet purple 2 (192); wings 
 
 light bluish violet 3 (202). Slightly hooded, without notch. Flower 
 
 medium-sized, on long stems. Plant a tall, strong grower, eight feet. 
 Comparison — Telemly Indigo Blue is similar. Is Christmas-flowering 
 
 Navy Blue. 
 Registered with the Society of American Florists, February, 1907. 
 
 TELEMLY INDIGO BLUE 
 
 Originated by Arkwright. Donated by Arkwright. 
 
 Description in brief — Slightly hooded, medium size, dark blue flower. 
 Description in detail — Color of standard violet-purple i (192) at the 
 
 base, shading to 4 (192) at the edge; wings darker than light bluish 
 
 violet 4 (202). 
 Comparison — Similar to Le Marquis. 
 
 ZVOLANEK'S BLUE 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 19 10. Donated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief — A large, hooded, clear blue flower. 
 
656 Bulletin 319 
 
 Description in detail — Color of standard light bluish violet 1-2 (202); 
 wings lavender-blue i (204); both veined with darker color. Flower 
 large and hooded. Stem of medium length and strength. Fragrance 
 moderate. Keeping quality very good. Plant of medium height and 
 slender growth, and inclined to be a shy bloomer. 
 
 ZVOLANEK'S ORANGE 
 Orange 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 19 10. 
 
 Description in brief — A medium-sized salmon-pink flower. 
 
 Description in detail- — Color of standard salmon-pink (i) 126; wings 
 light lilac-purple i (160), flushed salmon-pink. The wings and standard 
 veined with darker color. Flower medium-sized and hooded. Stem 
 medium length and strength. Has little or no fragrance. A good 
 keeper. Plant medium height, slender, and a moderate bloomer. 
 
 Comparison — " This can be represented as winter-flowering Aliss Wil- 
 mott." — Zvolanek's Catalog, 1910. 
 
 LIST OF ADDITIONAL VARIETIES 
 
 The following variety names are found in sweet pea lists or have been 
 
 published : 
 
 ANGELINO 
 
 Originated by . 
 
 Description in brief — "Self pink." — Vaughan's Book for Florists, 
 
 July, 19 10. 
 
 Comparison — This variety as seen at Mr. Sim's j^lacc is the variety 
 
 Earliest of All. 
 
 HELEN KELLER 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — "White and pink variegated." — Zvolanek's 
 Catalog, 1909, p. 8. 
 
 MARION STANIFORD 
 Originated by Zvolanek. 
 
 Description in brief- — "Standard maroon, wings blue. Seedling from 
 
 Christmas Captain x No. 93. Registered with the Society of American 
 
 Florists, April 21, 1906." 
 
 SNOW QUEEN 
 
 Originated by Zvolanek. Introduced by Zvolanek, 1909. 
 
 Description in brief — "Pure white. Entirely new type of sweet 
 
 peas. The shape is between Countess Spencer and Unwin types; 
 
 flowers just as freely as Florence E. Denzer or Mrs. George Lewis. 
 
 Black-seeded." — Zvolanek's Catalog, 1909, ]). 8. 
 
m 
 
 LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 
 000 924 105 1