# LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.? # # # J|lutp.T..5,0.... |opi2tisl,t|jo. J/Ac^/ . S 5.5 J UNITED STATES OF AMERICA \ THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, AND ^nhamii'a lompnton. FOR LUMBER DEALERS, CARPENTERS, MECHAlSriCS, MASONS, FARMERS, MERCHANTS, LABORERS, &C. Incliidini^: Form for y,.y(^1^ WINFIELD SHOOP. f b •-•-• CHAMBERSBURG, PA. : PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ''V ALLEY SPIRIT," 1875. ^i/%St^^ THB READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, So Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1875, by Winfield Shoop, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Any infringement of the Copyright of this book will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. All orders for this book must be addressed to WINFIELD SHOOP, Williamsport, Washington County, Md. I AND MECHANIC'S COMlP ANION. ftecommendatio7ig . We have carefully examined the Ready Reck- oner, Calculator and Mechanic's Companion, by Winfield Shoop, and we take pleasure in recom- mending it to the public and all those that are interested in such books, as being a correct and useful work. P. A. WITMER, Examiner of Schools for Wash- ington County, Md. D. O. WITMER, Principal Williamsport Gram- mar School. THOMAS E. WILLIARD, Register of Wills for Washington County, Md. GRUBER & WITxMER, Proprietors Steam Saw and Planing Mill, Williamsport, Md. STEFFEY & IRWIN, Lumber Merchants, Wil- liamsport, Md. J. L. MOTTER, Teller Washington County National Bank, Williamsport, Md. GEO. P. LEITER, Clerk Washington County Commission ers. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Contents PAGES. Board Measure 5 to 7 Square and Round Log Measure 8 Mean Diameter 9 How to square Round Logs 9 Cubic feet in Round and Square Logs. . . 10 to 11 To tell the height of a tree 12 Wood and Bark Measure 13 to 14 Bushels Crib Contains 15 No. Brick Pavement contains 16 Stone Masonry 17 Brick Masonry IS Painters and Plasterers Measurement. .. 19 to 20 No. bushels Lime Kiln contains 21 No. galls. Cistern or Well contains 22 to 23 Square yards Foundation or Cellar 24 Rules for Carpenters 25 to 29 Sizes of nails and No. to pound 30 Rules for Farmers 31 to 35 ^Calculations of Interest 36 to 39 Partnership, Percentages &c 40 to 45 Fractions 46 to 47 Form Mechanics Lien 48 to 49 Sqre Logs reduc'd. to inch board mcas.. 50 to 54 ;Sound logs reduc'd- to inch b'rd. meas. . 55 to 60 AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. Scaiittinff M'ea^ure, Rule. Multiply the depth by the breadth and the product by the length, and divide by 12. Example, A piece of timber 4x5 inches, and 18 feet long, how many feet does it contain ? 5 inches. 4 *' 20 18 feet long. 20 12)360 Ans. 30 feet in piece. SeantUnffy ft afters t&c. Rule. Multiply both ends, add together, take half the product, multiply by the length and divide by 12. Example. A piece of timber 4x5 inches at one end and 3 X 6 at the other end and 12 feet long. 6 inches. 4 inches. 5 *' 20 18 20 Take half 38 19 inches average. 12 feet long. 12)228 Ans. 19 feet in piece. THE READY RBCKONERf CALCTTLATOB, Soard and l^tank 3feasuve, Rule. Multiply the width of board or plank by the length of same and divide by 12. If the board is more than an inch thick add accordingly. Example No. 1. A board 12 inches wide, 16 feet long, and 1 inch thick. 12 inches wide. 16 feet long. 72 12 12)192 Ans. 16 feet in board. 192 Example No. 2 A board 18 inches wide, 16 feet long and 1^ inches thick. 18 inches wide. 16 teet long. 108 18 288 12)288 24 Add 14 6 Ans. 30 teet. Example No. 3. • A plank 12 inches wide, 16 feet long and 1% inches thick. 16 feet long. 12 inches. 192 Add ^ Ans. 12)192 16 12 28 feet. AKD MECHANIC'S COMPANION. Measuring 'Boards and IPlank with a Tape, RULE» In measuring lumber with a tape line, if the boards are 16 feet long and 1 inch thick and you 'have 46 feet 9 inches line then multiply the length of the line by the length of the boards, or in other words, always multiply the length of the line by the length of the boards you are measuring, and if the boards are more than an inch in thickness add according as in preceeding page. Example No. 1. 46 feet 9 inches line 16 feet long. 16 feet long. 9 inches 276 12)144 46 — 12 feet in 9 inches. 12 feet 748 Ans. 748 feet boards. Example No. 2. Forty feet of line. Boards 18 feet long and 1^ inches thicfs. 18 feet 1 40 feet 720 Ans. 90Ofeet 18 feet long. 720 40 feet line. Add J^ 180 8. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Square Tttnber^ Rule. Multiply tlie breadth bj- the breadth and product by the length and divide by 12 the Example. • A piece of timber 12 x 12 inches and 16 feet long. 12 12 141 16 144 864 144 12)2304 An 9. 192 feet ISound Timber. Rule. Sctuare the mean diameter and multiply the product by 7854; Cut off four right hand figures; Multiply by the length an(^ divide by 12. Example. A log 14 inches mean diameter and 20 feet long. 7854 196 47124 70686 7854 153|93S4 20 feet long. 12)3060 252 feet in log. 14 inches. 14 56 14 196 Ans. AND mechanic's COMPANION. I'o Fi?Ki the ^fean "Diatnelfr of Z» fi'Ot long. lOlG 762 Ans. 144)8(>:«5(ft9 Cu]>lc feet and 720 140 Inches. 1436 1298 140 inches. AND MKOHAKIO'S COMPANION. U. Cubin J'\'et in *Squnro Timber, ttlTLK. Multiply tbe breadth by tbo depth in inches, and tho product by tho lenj^th, and dlvtdft by 144. KXAMrLK. A pioco of timber 15 x l« inches flqnar« and 40 foot long. How many Cubic foot. 15 InchcB broad. 16 " deep. 240 — 40 foot long. 90 15 I44)1K300((;« Cubic ft. — 8(14 & IK) in. 240 060 H(;4 06 inch(5s. Au8. 80 Cubic feet and i)6 inches. 12. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, To Tell the Ileigfii of n Tree H>kile Standi nf/. Rule. Multiply the length of the shadow of a tree by the height of a stick and divide by the shad- ow of the stick. Example. Suppose the shade w of a tree 90 feet ; Stick 4 feet long, and the shadow of stick 6 feet long. What is the height of tree. Shadow of stick — 6 f«et)360 90 feet shadow of tree. 4 '* height of stick. Ans. 60 feet tree's height. AND mechanic's COMPANION. 13. Wood and jBai k M'ea^ure, Rule. Multiply the length, breadth and depth to- gether and divide the product by 128. Example. A pile of wood or bark 150 feet long, 8 feet high and 4 feci wide. How many cords. 150 feet long. 8 " high. 1200 4 feet wide. 128)4800(37^ cords. 384 960 896 Ans. 371^ Cords. 64 128 u. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Sark and Wood Jfeast^re — Trrefftiiar Size, Rule. Add the breadth and height together. Take half the sum to get the avei*age width, then multiply the average width by height and length and divide by 128 as in preceeding rule. Example. A pile of wood or bark 8 feet wide at top, 4 feet wide at bottom, 6 feet high and 9 feet long. How many cords. 8 feet top. 4 " bottom. half 12 6 feet average. 6 " high. 9 feet long. 128)324(21^ cords Ans. 256 «8 128 -=^ AND mechanic's COMPANION. 15. jBushets Corn Crib Ctniains, Rule. Multiply the length by tht* breadth and. the product by the depth, then multiply that pro- duct by 4 and divide by 5. " Example. A crib 30 feet long, 6 feet broad and 10 feet high. How many bushels shelled corn does it contain. 30 feet long. 1800 6 " broad. 4 180 6)7200 10 feet high. 1440 bus.Ans. 1800 To get the number flour barrels, divide the number bushels by three, and the number of regular corn barrels divide by 5. 16. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, A^Ufftber of ^rick jPavemeui Coniains. Rule. Multiply the lengtli by the breadth and that product by 4>^. Example. A pavement 40 feet long and 9 feet wide. 3G0 4^ 40 feet long. 9 " wide 360 square feet. Ans. 1440 180 1620 Brick, 9)360 square feet. 40 " yards. 403^ brick to square yard. 1600 20 1620 brick. AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 17. Stone J^asonry, Rule. Multiply the length by the height and that product hy the width and divide by 24^. Example. A wall 42. feet 3 inches long, 8 feet high and 2 feet thick. How many perches ? 42 ft. 3 in. 8 ft. higr long. I. 3 inches. 8 feet 336 2 feet in 338 3 inches. 12)24 2 feet. 338 2 feet thick. 24^ 676 4 99 )2704(27^ "724 693 31 99~ -Vs Ans. 273/^ Perches. 18. THE RKADY RECKONER, CiLLCULATOR, ^rt'ck Magonry, Rule. Bring the whole into feet, as in preceding rule and if the wall is 9 inches thick (in order to get the number of brick house contains) multi- ply the aggregate number of feet the house con- tains by 12 ; if the wall is 14 inches thick, multi- ply the same by 18, and if 18 inches thick, multi- ply by 24, and for every 4 inches of wall add 6 to the multiplier. Example. A building 25 feet long, 20 feet broad and 15 feet high, and gable end 12 feet from centre of wall to comb of roof, the wall of same 14 inches thick ; how many brick does the house contain ? 25 feet long. 15 " high. 125 25 375 feet one side. 2 750 feet two sides. 15 feet high. 20 " broad. 300 " one side. 2 600 feet two sides. 750 20 feet broad 12 240 ft. both ends. 1350 " four sides. 1590 ft. house cbn- 18 tains. 12720 1590 28620 Ans. 1350 feet in four sides. Ans. 28620 brick in house. AND mechanic's COMPANION. 19. !Paper Hanffer^* Measurement, Rule. Bring the whole into feet and divide by 36, as there are that many square feet in a piece of wall paper 24 feet long and 18 inches wide. Example. A room 16 feet long, 12 feet wide and 9 feet high. How many pieces of wall paper does it take to cover the same ? 16 feet long. 9 " high. 144 2 one side. 12 feet wide. 9 108 feet one side. 2 288 feet two sides. Ceiling 16 feet long. 12 " wide. 192 feet. 216 feet two sides. 288 " " " 504 192 36)696(191^ four " Ceiling. Ans. 191^ pieces 336 324 12 36 -^ 20. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Painters' and 2^laslerers^ J^feasurefnent, Rule. Bring tlie whole into feet and divide by 9. Example. A room 16 feet long, 12 feet wide and 9 feet high ; how many square yards ? 16 feet long. 9 " high. 144 2 12 feet wide. 9 " high. 108 2 288 feet two sides. Ceiling. 12 feet wide. 16 " long. 72 12 192 feet ceiling. 288 \ ^^^^ sides 9)696 square feet. 77 3-9=1^ Ans. n% square yards. 216 ft two sides. AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 21. JVunibev jBushets LiTne Kitn Conialns, Rule. Multiply the length of base by breadth of same, and the length of top by the breadth of same ; add both together and divide by two, to get the average number square feet the stack contains, then multiply that quotient by the height and divide by Vyi to get the number bushels lime in kiln, as in IJ^ square feet is con- tained one bushel. 'Eight tons coal burns 1000 bushels stone lime and from 20 to 23 cords wood. Example. A stack lime 30 feet long at base, and 18 feet broad at same, and 12 feet long at top and 6 feet broad at same and the whole 10 feet high, how many bushels. 6' ^\^ 12 feet long top. ^/"^"^^ r^ \^ 10 feet high. li <^ ^^--^ 30 feet long base. 18 feet broad base. 30 '* long " 540 12 feet long top. 6 " broad "- 72 540 1)4) 4-5)3060 4 12240 Ans. 2448 bus. half 612 306-average sq. ft. 10 feet high. 3060 square feet in stack. 22. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, JVumber Gallons a Citlevn or Well Contains, Rule. Square the diameter and multiply that pix>" dnct by 7.851 and that product by the depth ; cut off four right hand figures and multiply the re* mainder by 1728 and divide by 231. Example No. 1. A cistern 8 feet in diameter and 16 feet deep \ how many gallons does it contain 7 Ans, 7.85-t 64 8 feet diameter. 8 31416 47124 64 502656 16 feet deep. 3015936 502656 ft04(2496 1728 804 6912 13824 231)1389312(6014 gallons. 1386 331 231 1002 924 6014 gallons. 78 AND mechanic's COMPANION. 23. Example No. 2 Rule. If a cistern is square or otherwise multiply the length, breadth and depth together and the product hy 1728 and divide by 231, Example. A cistern 8 teet long, 6 feet broad and 16 feet deep ; how many gallons does it contain ? 1728 8 feet long, 6 "• broad. 48 16 feet deep, 288 48 768 13824 10368 12096 281)1327104(5745 galls, 1J55 1721 1617 1040 924 1164 1155 Ans, 5745 g«tllons. 24. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Foundation or Ceitar, Rule. Bring the whole into feet and divide by 9. Example. A foundation or cellar 20 feet long, 12 feet broad and 12 feet deep ; how many square yards does it contain ? 20 feet long. 12 *' broad. 240 12 feet deep. 480 240 9)2880 Ans. 320 square j^ardf?. AND mechanic's COMPANION. 25. Carpenlers' Hutes* To ascertain the number of feet of weather- boarding a building contains. Ettle. Multiply the length by the height and the breadth by the same, and to get the number of feet gable end contains, take half the height and multiply by the breadth. Example. A house 30 feet long, 18 feet high and 24 feet broad and 18 feet high ; gable end 8 feet high and 24 feet broad. 18 feet high. 30 " long. 540 one side. 1080 two sides. 24 feet gable end. 4 » half. 96 one gable end. 2 192 feet gable ends. Ans. 2136 feet. 24 feet broad. 18 " high. 192 •24 432 one end. . 2 864 two ends. 1080 1944 feet four sides. 192 " gable ends. 2136 feet. 26. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Carpenters' ftule* — Conitnu€d, How to ascertain what pitch to give a roof, Ac. Rule. To get the pitch of a roof or to get the length of tlie rafters, take two-thirds of the breadth of the building, and to get the height of the gable end take one^third of the breadth of the build- ing. Example. If a building is 24 feet long two-thirds of 24 Would be 16, then the rafters would be 16 feet long and one-third of 24 would be 8, then tbe gable ends would be 8 feet high. AND Mechanic's coMpANidN. 2L • Cnrpenters' ft utes-^ Continued. To get the number of shingles a building con- tains. Rule. Multiply the length of the building by the length of the rafters, to get the number square feet, then multiply that product by the numbel^ shingles it takes to cover a square foot. Joint shingles 6 inches wide it will talce 4, and same 4 inches wide it will take 6, and oak lap shingles %. In covering with boards get the number square feet and adc" one-third more for lap. » Example. If the rafters in a building are 16 feet long and building 24 feet long and shingles 6 inches Wide^ how many shingles to cover both sides of house* 16 feet long rafters. 24 " " building. 64 32 384 4 shingles to square foot. 1536 one side. 2 3072 shingles Ans. 28. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Carpenters'* ^u2es — Continued, To ascertain the length of i-afters for a build- ^ Rule. For one-third pitch multiply width of build- ing by 60, and one-fourth pitch multiply same bj^ 56, and one-fifth pitch multiply same by 54, and one-sixth pitch multiply same by 53 and in all point off two figures from the right and add to the lengths for projection. Example No. 1. What would be the length of the rafters if a house is 24 feet wide and you want to give it one-third pitch. 24 60 14 140 Ans. Rafters 14 feet. Example No. 2. • Length of rafter, same width and one-fifth pitch. Ans. 12 feet 24 54 96 120 12|96 AND mechanic's COMPANION. 29. Carpenters' !Ruies — Continued, Number of feet a floor contains. Rule. Multiply tbe length of floor by breadth of same and if more than an inch in thiolcness add accordingly. Example. A room 2 feet long and 14 feet wide; how many feet inch boards does it contain, and how many one and a quarter inch. 14 feet wide. 20 " long. 280 feet inch boards. • 70 350 feet l\i inch boards. 30. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Size of ^aiU, The following table will show at a glance, the length of the various sizes and the number of nails to the pound. 3 penny, 1 inch 557 to the pound 4 ' 14 ' ' S53 '' " 5 ' ' Wa ' ' 232 '' '' 6 ' 2 ' 167 " " 7 ' 21^ ' ' 141 " " 8 ' ' 'i^A ' c 101 " '' 9 ' * 2^ ' ' 85 •* '' 10 ' 3 68 '' " 12 ' 31^ ' ; 54 " '* 20 ' ' 33^ ' ' 84 " " JF'ence JVa/it. 7 penny, 2 inch long 80 to the pound, 8 " 214 '' " 70 " " " 9 " 2% " " 50 " " " 10 " 3 " " 40 " '' 4 inch, 16 to the jjound. 5 '' 10 " " 6 u 7 u u 7 " 5 " " AND mechanic's COMPANION. 31. yyheaij Coi n i6c. JIfeaturement Rule. Ascertain the number of pounds of wheat, corn Ac, and to get the number of bushels, di- vide by the standard weight. The standard weight of wheat is 60 pounds ; corn and rye 56 pounds ; barley 48 pounds and oats 32 pounds. Example. If 50 bags wheat weigh 6000 pounds gross, and bags 50 pounds, how many bushels wheat do the bags contain ? 6000 gross. 50 bags. 5950 pounds wheat. 60)5950(99 bushels and 10 pounds. 540 550 540 10 =>^ 60' 99 bushels and 10 pounds wheat at $1.50 per bushel. 1.50 If 60 pounds cost $1.50 w will 10 pounds cost. hat 99 bushels 60—150—10 1350 10 1350 60)1500(25 cents. 148.50 120 25 300 $148.75 Ans. 300 32. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Zand Measure. To measure off an acre of ground, step or measure 69 yards one way and 70 yards the other way, that will give you 4833 square yards, accur- ate enough for any practical purpose. 1 Example. 02 70 yards. 1 acre. 70 yards. 69 70 4830 square yards. 200 If a piece of ground steps or measures off yards one way and 250 yards the other way, then | multiply both together and divide hy 4840 to as- certain the number of acres. 250 yards '< p CO 'E 101^ acres - s f 250 yards 250 200 4840)50000(103^ acres. 4840 1600 AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 33. Land JKeasure — Continued, If a field steps off 200 yards at one side and 150 yards at tlie other side, and 90 yards straiglit across at botli ends, how many acres does the Held contain ? Rule. Add the sides together and take half to get the average length, and multiply by the length of the ends and divide by 4840. 200 yards. 02 3}^ acres. 8 ^ / § m / 150 yards. 200 150 yards ' half 350 175 175 average length sides. 90 feet length ends. 4840)15750(31^ 14520 acres. 1230 1/ 4840 34. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Interesting 2'abtes for I^armerg » Quantity of seed usually sown to an acre. Timotby Vi to \4y bushels. Red Top H '• 1 Red Clover 6 to 10 pounds. White Clover ti 8 '* Lucerne 10 Orchard Grass 1 " lU bushels. *' iW '* Blue Grass 1 Wheat 1V<^ tt 2 " Barley IH u 9 u Buckwheat 1 " 1>^ *' 1^ Rye Gi-ass 1 Carrot i^H " 3 pounds. Beet 4 " 6 " Parsnip 3 u 5 » Onion 4 U (} it Ruta Baga 1 " Turnip 1 - VA Beans 2^ " 2 bushels. Peas 41 2 ** Oats u 3 u Rye " 11^ Millet % u ^ u f The quantity of Corn required to plant an acre, 3 grains in the hill. 3 4 jet by 2— 11 qua " by 3- 6 » " by 4- 4 " by 3- 7 " by 3H 5 » by 4- 3^ " AND mechanic's COMPANION. 35. The dumber of l^tanfs per :4.crc at a ffiven Dz^imnce, 1 foot, 53,560 6 feet, 1,210 V^ feet, 19,360 9 " 537 10,890 12 " 302 ''i :: 6,968 15 " 194 4,840 18 » 134 4 " 2,722 20 " J 09 5 " 1,742 25 " 69 One acre of tobacco set 3 feet by 23^ distant will contain 6,050 plants. Most growers prefer 314 feet by 2. This will fill a building 20 by 40 with 12 to 15 feet post. 36. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Intfvegi Catcutaied at 6 per Cent. Rule. Take half the number months and multiply- by the amount you want to find the interest thereon and cut off two right hand figures. To find the interest for days, take half the number, proceed as above and divide by 30. Example. Interest on $40.25 for 4 years, 9 months and 24 days. 40.25 28H 4 years and 9 mos. half 57 mos. 32200 mm 2012 283^ $40.25—24 days. 12 — 12 30)48300(16' 10 11.47 i 12 16 $11.63 30 183 180 30 30 Ans. $11.63 00 AND mechanic's COMP ANION. 37. Interest Catcutaied at 7 per Cent and Up- wards. Rule. Calculate the interest at 6 per cent, as in for- mer page {Xnd add accordingly. If 7 per cent, add one-sixth more. If 8 per cent, ac* d one-third more. If 9 per cent, add ohe-half more and so on. Example. Interest on $40.25 for 4 years, 9 months and 24 days at 8 per cent. i $40.25 4 yrs. J mos— 57 28^ 1^)57 months 32200 8050 281^ 2012 1^)24 days. $11.47112 $10.25 — 16 12 12 $11.63 3| 0)4830 |0 16|13 That would be $11.63 interest for the time giv- en at 6 per cent. Now to get the interest at 8 per cent, add one-third more, as 2 is the third of 6, and 6 and 2 are eight. AddJ^ Ans. $11.63 6 per cent. 3.88 $15.51 8 per cent. 38. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Th fere ft talciitaled at O p'er Cent. — Another Form . Rule. To calculate interest at six per cent, call half the number of months cents, and one-sixth the number of days mills, and their sum will be the interest on one dollar for given time, and after calculating the interest on a sum of money cut off as many figures as you multiply by, and the remainder will be the interest for given time. Example. Interest on $40.25 for 4 years 9 months and 24 days. cts. mills. 4 yrs. 9 mos.— 57 mos. }Xr~ -8 .5 24 days >^= .4 28.9 28 cents and 9 mills on one dollar for given time. $11.63 225 Ans. $11.63 At 7 per cent add one-sixth more. At 8 per cent, add one-third and so on as in preceding page. AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 39. 7*0 Catcutate Iniet'est on a JV'ote When f^ar- ti'al T^aytnenis are 3fade, Rule. Calculate the interest up to the time the first payment is made, then add same to principal and deduct payment, then calculate interest on balance to second payment, add to balance, de- duct payment and so on. Example. A note given for $800.00, dated March 1st, 1875, payable 8 months after date, wiih interest from date, with a credit May 1st, 1875, of $300.00. Also one of 400.00 July 15th, 1875. What would be the balance, both princidal and interest, when the note matured. $800.00 principal. 1 half number of months. $8.00. 00 2 mos. int. from March 1 to May 1. 800.00 add principal. $808.00 30(3.00 paid May 1st, 1875. 508.00 Balance due May 1st, 1875. V/j^ half number months. 508.00 127.00 6.35 00 508.00 23^ mons. int. add balance. 514.35 400.00 paid July 15th, 1875. 114.35 balance due July 15, 1875, 1% half number months. 114.35 85.75 2.00110 114.35 $116.35 Ans. $116.35. 40. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Percentage, Rule. Multiply the profit by 100 and divide by the cost. Example. An article costing $2.40 and selling for $2.G0, the profit then would be 20 cents. 2.40 . cost. 20 profit— 100 100 240)2000(81^ 1920 80 — =3^ 240 Ans. 8^ per cent. AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 41. Co " ^arln ersh /;»— Go in . Rule. Add together eacli investment and divide that sum into amount of stock, gain &c., to get per- centage of each, then multiply the same by amount invested to get each one's share. Example. Three partners invest as follows :— A $100.00, B. $75.00, C. $50.00, and at the end of the year the gain amounts to $000.00. What is each one's share of the gain ? A. $100.00 B. 75.00 C. 50.00 $225.00 $100.00 225.00)600.00(2K 450.00 ^ 150.00 225.00~ -% 200.00 66.06^ Ans. A's. share $266.66% B's. " 200.00 C's. " 133.333^ $600.00 $266.66% A's. 75.00 2% 150.00 50.00 $200.00 B's. 50.00 2^ 100.00 33.833^ $133.83% C's. 42. THE READY RECKONER, CALCTTLATOR, Co-^ai'i}iershtp — Lots, Rule. Divide investment into amount, stock &c., on hand and deduct that quotient from 100, then multipl}'' that by each partner's investment to ascertain the amount of eacli one's loss, Example. A. invests $400.00, B. $250.00 and C. $100.00, and at the end of one year, the stock Ac, on hand amounted to $300.00. What did each partner lose ? A. $400.00 B. 250.00 C. 100.00 $750.00—300.00 100 100 750,00)3000000(40 300000 100 40 60 400.00 60 $240.00,00 A's. 250.00 100.00 60 60 $150.00 1 00 B's. $60.00 i 00 C's. Ans. A. Loses $240.00 B. '' 150.00 C. " 60.00 $450.00 AND mechanic's COMPANION. 43. To i4scertftin ihe o4ntouni ActteaJIv 3fade Jfhtn Sei2inff a Certain ll^ercentaffes. Rule. Add 100 to the average per cent, and divide into the amount of sales; tliat will give you the cost of the goods. To find tlie amount made, deduct the cost from the amount of sales. Example No. 1. If you sell $40.00 worth of goods and thej^aver- age 5'ou 20 per cent., how much of the $40.00 did you pay for the goods and how much is actually made on the sale ? 1.20 40.00 100 100 Cost of goods, $33,331^ 1.2 0)40000 $40.00 33.331^ Amount actually made, 6 66^ Example JSTo. 2 Sold $90.00 worth of goods and they averaged 16^ per cent. 1.16% 90.00—100 3* 100 350 )90.0000 3 350)2700000(77.14 2-7 cost of goods. 2450 $90.00 2500 77.14 2-7 2450 $12.85 5-7 500 Amount actually 350 made on sale. 1500 1400 100 — =2-7 350 41. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, To Axcerlnin How Mnck is Lost yv*?ie7i Sell' hif/ Goods at Ceriain ^ercentaffes ISelow Cost. Rule. Deduct the ainount of percentage you are selling at below cost from 100, and proceed as in preceding rule. Example No. 1. It you sold $40.00 worth of goods and you lost 20 per cent., how much did the goods cost? 100 20 per cent. lost. 80 40.00—100 100 8iO)40000,0 $50.00 cost of goods. 40.00 amount of sales. $10.00 amount lost. Example No. 2. Sold $80.00 worth goods and lost 40 per cent. 100 40 60 $80.00—100 100 6.0)8000010 $133.33% cost of goods. 80.00 amount of sale. $53.33% amount lost. AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 45 2o ^isceriain What T*er Cent. SiocJ:s ^ay yv?ien Thy sire Se?fi'nff ^bore !Par Taiue. Rule, Calculate the interest a single share is paying at par value and divide the selling price into the same. Example No. 1. If stocks are selling at $22.50 per share and the par value is $15.00, and said stock pays 12 per cent.on the par value. What percent does it pay the buyer. $15.00 par value. 12 per cent. $1.80.00 22.50)1.80.00(8 per cent. pays. 1 80 00 Ans. Pays the buyer 8 per cent. Example No. 2. Stock selling at $18.00 and par value $15.00, and pays 10 per cent, on par value. $15.00 par value. 10 per cent. 18.00)1.50.00(81^ 144 00 600 1800~ ^ Pays the buyer 8^^ per cent. 46. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Jtfixed JVutnbers MuHtpUed, Rule. Reduce to improper fractions and multiply numerators together for new numerators, and denominators together for new denominators. Example. No. 1. Multiply \Wa by 18^. \ 18^ 4 75 11 4 4 ► 75 5625 .x-= = 3511^ 4 16 Example No 2, Multiply 201^ by 18 1-5 f^ 181-5 5 61 — X 3 91 5551 — = =370 1-15 5 15 Example to Pro 20331^ 1820 40660 16264 2033 606^ 370.06166% I AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 47. division of Fractions, Rule. Invert the divisor and proceed as in multipli- cation of fractions. Example. Divide 4 2-5 into 4(^ 4 2-5 40^ 5 4 22 163 ^__ • 5 4 5 163 815 22 4 ~88 88)815(91^ 792 23 Example to Prove. 440(4075(91^ 3960 115 48. THE READY RECKONER, CALCrTLATOR, Jfechanic's Z,/en, A Lien may be filed within six monies after the work is completed or material furnished, providing the party is owner of the ground on which the building is constructed. But if such is owned by another party, then the lien must be filed within sixty days after the building is completed or material furnished, and the party who is owner of such ground must be legally notified that such a lien is standing against such ^property. GEORGE DEBTOR, TO SAMUEL CREDITOR : To a quantity of Lumber, Work or Building Material, (as the case may be) as hereinafter specified, amounting to dollars, with a cred- it of dollars (if there be such) leaving a balance of doliai*s, furnished at the times hereinafter mentioned, to the said George Debt- or and used by him in the building or construc- tion of a certain house (or whatever the build- ing represents.) situated (here desci-ibe the situ- ation. ) Said building is feet high feet long and feet broad, of which the said George Debtor is owner, and which building was finished on or about the day of 18 . AND mechanic's COMPANION. 49. 3f€ckanic' s Itien — Continued, Here itemize your account, day and date. Then make oath to the following : STATE Ol MA.RYLAND, County, to wit ; On this day of 18 , before the subscriber, a Justice of the Peace of the State of Maryland, in and for the said county, personally appeared and made oath on the Holy Evangelly of Almighty God that the above account is just and true, and that he has not received any part or parcel of the money charged as due by said account, or any security or satisfaction for the same, to the best of his knowledge and belief. Sworn before Then have the same recorded in the County Clerk's Office. 50. THE READY BECKONER, CALCULATOR, Square Lofft It educed to Inch Soard Meas^ ure. Rule. Multiply the breadth by the breadth and the product by the length, then divide by 12 and de- duct one-flfth. Example. A log 18 X 18 inches square and 16 feet long, how many feet inch boards does it contain ? 18 Inches 18 " 144 18 324 16 feet long 1944 324 12)5184 Deduct 1-5) 432 86 I Ans. 346 feet inch boards. AND mechanic's COMPANION. 51. Square JOogs deduced to Inch Soard Jfeasure, eet 10x10 11x11 12x12 18x13 14x14 15x15 10 66 80 96 112 131 150 12 80 97 115 135 157 180 14 93 113 134 158 '183 210 16 107 129 154 180 209 240 18 120 145 173 202 235 270 20 133 161 192 225 261 300 22 w 177 211 247 237 830 24 160 194 230 271 314 360 26 173 210 250 293 339 390 28 186 226 269 315 366 420 30 200 242 288 338 392 450 16x16 170 205 239 273 807 341 375 410 443 478 512 52. THE READY RECKOXER, CALCULATOR, Square Loffs deduced to Inch Soard JIfeasure, 17|18 17 )192 >231 1270 Xi X 18 3 346 10 12 14 16 18 20 3851432 I 22 423|476 24 462|519 I 261501562 28 539;605; 30i578i648l 19 ; 20 X I X 19 I 20 240:266 289.320 337 373 385' 426 578640 626 693, 674|747j 7221800 J. 5881645 23 X 23 352 423 494 564 635 705 775 6461710 706,775' 847 I ! 764 839 917 824903; 987 882!9681058 24 X 24 384 461 538 615 691 25 X 25 416 500 583 667 750 768; 833 I 845' 916 9221000 I 999,1083 1075! 1167 1152 1250 AND mechanic's COMPANION. 55. Sound JjOffs Seduced to Inch Soard Meas- ure. Explanation. This rule has been thoroughly tested by the Author at the Steam Saw and Planing Mill of Gruber & Witmer, Williamsport, Md., by getting the mean diameter of logs before they went on the mill, and measuring the actual number of feet the same logs made when they were sawed, and found this rule as accurate, of not more so, than the majority of rules, and which rule will do j ustice to both buyer and seller. Rule. Square the meaijL diameter and multiply that product by 7.854 ; cut off four right hand figures, then multiply by the length and divide by 12, deduct one-third and the residue will be the amount in feet of inch boards. 56. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, Hound Logs deduced to Inch Soard Meat' ure. Example. A log 14 inches mean diameter and 20 feet long, how many feet of inch hoards. 14 inches 14 *' 7.854 196 56 14 196 Deduct 47124 70686 7854 15319384 20 feet long 12)3060 85 Ans. 170 feet inch boards. AND mechanic's COMPANION. 57. Hound Zoffs deduced to Inch Soard JWeasure, JIfean Diameter, Inch. 12 Inch. 13 Inch. 14 10 63 73 85 12 75 88 102 14 88 103 119 16 101 118 136 18 113 132 153 20 126 147 170 22 139 161 188 24 151 176 204 26 164 191 223 28 177 206 238 30 190 220 255 Inch. 15 117 137 157 176 196 216 235 255 275 293 Inch. 16 112 134 156 179 201 223 246 268 290 313 335 Inch. 17 126 151 175 200 226 251 276 302 326 352 377 Inch. 18 141 170 198 226 254 282 310 339 367 395 423 58. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, 'Round Loffs fteduced to Inch Soard J^feasure. ^fean Diameter, Inch. 19 Inch. 20 Inch. 21 Inch. 22 Inch. 23 Inch. 24 Inch. 25 158 174 192 211 231 251 272 189 210 231 253 277 302 327 220 244 269 295 323 351 381 251 279 307 338 369 4C1 436 284 314 346 380 415 452 490 314 346 384 422 461 502 544 346 384 423 464 507 552 5.99 378 419 461 507 553 603 653 409 453 500 545 600 653 707 440 488 538 591 645 703 762 472 523 577 633 69i 753 817 AND MECHANIC'S COMPANION. 59. Hound LoffS fieduced to Inch Soard JTeasure* 3fean Diameter, Inch. 26 Inch. 27 Inch. 28 Inch. 29 Inch. 30 Inch. 31 295 318 342 367 393 419 353 381 410 440 471 503 412 445 478 514 549 586 471 508 547 587 627 670 530 572 615 660 706 754 589 635 684 734 784 838 647 699 751 807 863 922 708 753 820 880 942 1006 766 826 888 953 1021 1090 824 889 957 1027 1098 1174 883 953 1025 1100 1177 1258 60. THE READY RECKONER, CALCULATOR, ^ p ftound Loffs fteduced io Inch Soard Mean Diameter. Inch. 32 Inch. 33 Inch. 34 Inch. 35 Inch. 36 10 447 476 504 534 565 12 536 570 605 641 678 14 625 665 706 748 791 16 715 760 807 855 904 18 804 855 908 962 1017 20 893 950 1009 1069 1130 22 982 1045 1110 1176 1243 24 1071 1140 1210 1283 1356 26 1160 1235 1311 13d0 1469 28 1249 1330 1412 1497 1582 30 1 1340 1425 1512 1604 1696 1 I i t iillIlTTTIIIIIIIIII