Class . 
 Bool<_ 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
****** 
 
 * ^f * * * 
 
 West ^ipgipici. 
 
 Illustrated. 
 
 tTttttttttrnttTTT- 
 
 V. I 
 
bsVe You yMonev to InVed? 
 
 For more than a year many capitalists and business men have been awaiting the 
 settlement of the financial policy^of the Government before investing surplus funds, and 
 while they are waiting some gilt-edged investments in and about Charleston remain un- 
 taken, which, under ordinary circumstances would be snapped up without delay. The 
 end of the business depression is now in sight. 
 
 The wheels of trade and commerce are beginning to turn and within a short time 
 what is now down low will be forced up at high premiums. 
 
 This is the time to pick up desirable property and to establish paying industries 
 while prices of land and labor are low. Money is cheap and ideas of value in all things 
 are moderate. 
 
 Investments which would be considered good now, will be largely enhanced 
 within a short time. If you would avoid the scramble move at once. 
 
 Capitalists in other sections of the country are invited to come to Charleston and 
 look over the field. 
 
Charleston Illustrated, 
 
 <^a3ZDn°»"^ ,--«n0SH5SS> 
 
 A Description of the Capital City of West Virginia. 
 
 -AND THt:- 
 
 Natural Resources AND Industrial Development of the Kanawha Valley. 
 
 BY S G. CROUCH. fir^-C^^^Hl"^^ 
 
 CMARLE5TOH. J C^ 2- 3 
 
 MOSES W. DONNALLY, PRINTER. *^ 
 
 1894. 
 
Copyright, 1894, 
 Bv 8. G. ("noriit. 
 
(HftRL^STONrW. Vft~J[LLUSTRftTeD, 
 
 PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 ^, HIS i)aini)hlet is publij^hed for the pur- 
 '^pose of meeting a fieiieral demand for in- 
 , formation concerning the city of C'harlei?ton 
 and the Great Kanawha Valley. It is for 
 the benefit, first, of those of other States and 
 other sections of the country, wlio are seek- 
 ing new homes, new fields for Inisiness enterprise or 
 opportunities for the protitahle investment of cap- 
 '■' and second, for the benefit of the people of 
 Cnarleston who desire a ready reference liook giving 
 a great <leal of valuable information which they find 
 it important to possess. It is for the mutual benefit 
 of all. for in so far as it directs attention to the ad- 
 vantages of the city of Charleston and the match- 
 less resources of the Kanawha Vallev. and therebv 
 
 creates a stimulus in tin- investment of <apilal here 
 andtheintUix of desirable citizens from other sec- 
 tions of till' country, it must necessarily, to that ex- 
 tent, benefit all those who already have money in- 
 vested here,or in anyway are interested in the iirosjier- 
 ity of the city of Charleston or the valley of the 
 ( Jreat Kanawha. It seeks to tell brietly, in simple 
 language, of the munificent gifts which Nature has 
 bestowed upon tins jieople. and to answer some of 
 the thousand and one(|Uestions asked of the citizens 
 of the city by ca|>italists. businessmen, professional 
 men. artisans ami others from otiier sections who are 
 seeking homes in a ])leasant and healthful climate 
 with opportunities for making money. 
 
 The writer desires to acknowledge the kindness 
 and courtesy of Mr. A. M. Scott, Hon. \Vm. Seymour 
 Edwards and Maj. Thomas L. Broun, who have 
 rendereil him valuable assistance in the pre])aration 
 of this pamphlet, ami others who have kindly given 
 him imjiiirtant information on various subjects. 
 
-tatc Capitol HniMiiijr. 
 
THE CITY OF CHARLESTON LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS. 
 
 OTlll'] city i)f Carlc.«t()ii, the capital of 
 • I of \\'i;<t N'irginia, is situatod on the nc 
 -*-of the Great Kanawha river and on 
 
 the State 
 
 lorih bank 
 
 on the east 
 
 hank of the 101k river, where the two streams join. 
 The city is built upon an ever varying series of 
 gentle undulations, with clean, brick paved streets, 
 canopied with intermingling branches of elm, maple 
 and other sliade trees, hading past magnificent pub- 
 lic structures, business Idocks and sumptuously 
 built residences, whose handsome architectural 
 design and costly finish, combined with their beaxiti- 
 fully laid out and well-kept grounds, at once proclaim 
 them the homes of wealth, culture and rpfinement. 
 The excellent climatic conditions of the Kanawha 
 \'allcy, in which the city of Charleston is situated. 
 is attracting large numliers of pco[ile hither from all 
 parts of the country — North, East, South and West — 
 who come not only to liuild up shattered nerves or 
 over-worked mental powers, or perhajjs to recuperate 
 bodies wasted by disease, but to make it a ])lacc of 
 permanent residence. The various mineral springs, 
 whose waters contain splendid curative virtues, and 
 which abound among the hills adjacent to the city, 
 the grandly-beautiful scenery of the surrounding 
 mountains, the splendid drive-ways through the 
 country, the expanse of water a(rordc<l by the ma- 
 jestic Kanawha river, upon whose bosom lh)at various 
 
 forms and sizes of pleasure craft, as well as the large 
 steamers engaged in trade and commerce, and above 
 all, the exi[uisitely lovely social ()ualities of its 
 people, constitute Charleston, West Virginia, one of 
 the most attractive resorts for the seekers of health 
 anil pleasure to lie found anywhere in the South or 
 North. 
 
 The climate of the Kanawha Valley is mild and 
 salubrious — neither severely cold in the winter nor 
 uncoinfortaljly warm in the summer, and is free 
 from sudden changes of temperature. The mean 
 annual temperature is -52° Fahrenheit, and rarely 
 falls below '20° in the winter or rises above .S0° in 
 the summer. The winters are mild and of short 
 duration. Charleston is locateil in the favored lielt 
 of temiiirature between 87° and 41° of north lati- 
 tuile in the mountains trending north-east and 
 south-west, thus catching the How of mild, gentle 
 winds from the great Southern (Julf in the winter, 
 and fanned by cool mountain breezes in the summer, 
 which renders the evenings all that could be desireil 
 for recreation and pleasure, and the nights excellent 
 fnr rest and sleep. In a word, Charleston is a leaf- 
 embowered haven of rest. Nowhere in the world is 
 the grass greener, the sky bluer or the air purer, and 
 nowhere on earth are more of the necessary elements 
 combined to make life worth living. 
 
fsiilclicc dl' Mr. Ik". S. Cnucli 
 
MINERAL WATERS. 
 
 |V f I'.MEIUJUS mineral springs are fmiml in the 
 * J \ hills near Cliarlei^ton, frnui whieh fiu^h 
 QJ 'waters of valuable medicinal qualities — clia- 
 lybeate, alum, litliia and other watery- — among which 
 is the famous Elk Lithia Springs, whose waters arc 
 classed among the vei-y best. An analysis of this 
 water bv Dr. \Vm H. Taylor. State chemist, of \'ir- 
 trinia. is here given : 
 
 OiK' tr:illim III Xll cubic inchc: contains: 
 
 nii-arhiinntc nf lime ]ii.77!)2 
 
 IiicarlMinatc (if niatrncsia lL'.ll!03 
 
 l'iiiirl>(inatc 111' Maryta traces. 
 
 I'icarlionatc strontia 0378 
 
 l?icarl)i mate of iron . 164S 
 
 Bicarlionati- of manganese traces. 
 
 Birarlionatc of lithia 022S' 
 
 rhosiihate of lime OOdS 
 
 ."^ulpliatc of lime !).2:54o 
 
 .•^ulpliate lit potash 44(17 
 
 Sulphate nf smla 6il77 
 
 Hiliorateiif soila traces. 
 
 Chloriilcof soilium 5290 
 
 .\lumina.. 0420 
 
 Silicia SlO-j 
 
 43 3987 
 
 This is a natural saline alkaline lithia water and 
 a typical tonic and .siline digestive aperient. It is 
 
 an exeelieiU therapeutic adjuvant and may be freel}'' 
 used in indigestion, biliousness, torpid liver, consti- 
 jiation. rhetimatism, gout, and all diseases associated 
 witli the uric acid diathesis; in diabetes, Bright's 
 disease, inflammation or catarrh of the bladder, 
 scrofula, incipient jjlithisis, and other constitutional 
 diseases ; in bronchial and laryngeal catarrh and 
 diseases of tiie respiratory organs; in mental irri- 
 tahiiiiv. melancholy, ei)ilepsy, and other nervous 
 iliscases, and in ail diseases which are the result of 
 im])erfect nutrition, incfheient elimination of waste 
 products. 
 
 — ■^•-«. — • 
 
 MODERN IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 aiAIiLESTOX is blessed with </// mo</grh im- 
 fi ovemenis known to advanced civilization, incluil- 
 ing fine .sewage, jjaved streets, electric street 
 railways, electric lighting and power 
 plants, natural gas piped to the city and used for 
 the i)uriiose of illumination and also as fuel, artifi- 
 cial gas for illumination, plant for the manufacture 
 of ice, water works, tele])honc exchange, magnificent 
 hotels, church edifices, and other public l)uildings. 
 
 Pavicd Stkeets. — Charleston was tlvc first city in 
 the I'nited States to adopt the method of jtaving 
 streets with brick. In fact this .system is an inven- 
 tion of Dr. .T. P. Hale, of this eitv. fn-<t u-^ed he)i> 
 
RcsiiUMlCl- (if Cnl. .1. I,>. DicUillSllll. 
 
aliout twenty years tv^o, ami it is found to be sucli 
 an excellent and econnnHc metlmd of street paving 
 that it is now heintr adojited and used by a larjie 
 nunilier of cities tln-ousliout the country. 
 
 Seuahe. — The city has a line sewage system. 
 A net work of underground .sewers has been con- 
 structed reaching to the utmost limits of the city, 
 making the drainage perfect, and thus shielding the 
 citizens from diseases which result from pollution 
 and decaying substances. 
 
 \V.\TEK WoHKs. — Tlie city water works have the 
 caiiacity to sujijily double the (|uantity of water 
 needed by the citizens for all purposes. The pump 
 house is located on the bank ol the Klk river, above 
 the city at a point far from the discharge of all sew- 
 ers and other causes of |iollution ill the city The 
 water is taken from the Elk River, which is fed l>y 
 the [>ure rivulets and springs flowing from the 
 mountains, and. excejit during the time of freshets, 
 is as clear as crystal. The purity of the water suji- 
 (ilied to the jieoiile of Charleston and the ])erfect sys- 
 tem of drainage are tlie two leading factors that have 
 contributed most to raising the health standard 
 whicli is now unsuriiassed by that of any other 
 town or city in America. 
 
 Ki.ECTRic Lkjut I'l.v.nt. — The Charleston Electric 
 Light Company has constructed and operates a large 
 plant which furnishes electricity for lighting both 
 the streets and buildings and for running the mo- 
 
 tors on the street cars as well as tiiose which drive 
 machinery in manufacturing estaldishments. 
 
 (;.\s. — The city is sujiplied with gas from a large 
 plant which furnishes all the gas needed for lighting 
 houses and running gas engines used in factories, 
 but the greatest boon enjoyed liy the citizens of 
 Charleston is the natural gas which has recently been 
 found in abundance not far away and piped to the 
 city. It is used largely for illumination and is a 
 splendid article for that pur|)ose. The niore im|ior- 
 tant and general u.se to which the natural gas is ap- 
 ])lied, however, is that of I'uel and it is a sjiiendid ma- 
 terial for that puri)o.sc. It is so much better than 
 coal, both in point of economy and convenience, 
 that its sujieriority cannot be estimated by a (>oni- 
 ]iarison between the two materials. Its use does 
 away absolulely, withallthe soot, smoke, ashes, dirt, 
 and all other concomitant evils necessary in the use 
 of wood, coal or other fuels. It is cheajier by half 
 than the artifii'ial gas, and is equally good. With- 
 in a short while it will have almost entirely super- 
 seded all otiier fuels in Charleston. The natural ga.« 
 com]iany has just put down over twenty miles of 
 pipe m the city and the gas is being carried to nearly 
 every street, and is coming int<i general use by the 
 [leople. With the adojition of natural gas as a fuel, 
 smoke and soot disa]i]ii'ar, and with a perfect system 
 of ilrainage and pure water the city becomes cl?an. 
 healthful and plea.sant. 
 
Residi'iRo ot .Mi>. Miirv M. Wutkius. 
 
PUBLIC DtBT, TAXATION, E IC. 
 
 '\ V /^'"^^ Virjiiiiia lias no pulilic debt. T 
 
 \ A / State f;overnnic'nt by a iji-ovisioii of the C( 
 
 ^ * stitutidii. is prohibited fVom ereatinj; a <le 
 
 The 
 
 'on- 
 
 ; protui)itetl imin ereating a debt. 
 
 The county of Kanawlia, of whieh Charleston is 
 the seat of government, has no bonded deV)t. 
 
 The city of Charleston has a bonded debt of only 
 So!),000 which with the sale of the new bonds just 
 issued will increase the debt to 109,000. This will 
 be reduced to SlOl.UOO by the 1st of October, 1894 
 by the maturity of bonds. 
 
 The assessed value of real estate in the city, ac- 
 cordinir to the last a.--sc.s.'-ment for ta.xation is S2,392,- 
 192. i'roperty is as-es.sed for taxation at aliont one- 
 third of its real value. 
 
 The rate of taxation of all kinds and for all pur- 
 poses, is as follows : 
 
 City, (onSlOO valuation, 81.1'") 
 
 Coiintv " " " .!«) 
 
 State.." " " " .j:. 
 
 State school " " " .id 
 
 District School " " " .8.5 
 
 Total taxation 
 
 S:?.S.5 
 
 This rate, it will be seen from a con)parison with 
 the tax rates of other cities, is verv low, and it is es- 
 
 [lecially so when it is considered that projierty is as- 
 sessed for taxation at not more than one-third of its 
 real value. 
 
 The population of the city is now about 12,000, 
 with suburbs of from 7,00() to 9,000 more. It is 
 largely cosmopolitan, there being among the resi- 
 • lents jjcople who have come from nearly every State 
 in the I'nion and some from foreign countries, 
 though the natives of the Eastern States largely 
 predominate. In the population of the city ai-e 
 lilended the energy and push of the West, the con- 
 servatism and intellectual training of the East, the 
 generous impulses of the South and the thrift and 
 economical habits of the North. 
 
 The business men of Charleston are conspicuous 
 for their push and enterprise, and the people in gen- 
 eral for their thrift and industry. The spirit of 
 feverish speculation is almost entirely absent. All 
 its business firms have been built up by legitimate 
 operations and they are standing on timi founda- 
 tions. As evidence of this fact, it may be state<l 
 that the financial panic and business dej)ression 
 which sat in early in the year of 1893, and from 
 which other towns an<l cities suffered so severely, 
 bad but little, if any, effect upon the business of 
 Charleston. All branches of trade and industry 
 moved along about as usual and there has been no 
 failure or busine.ss embarrassment in Charleston 
 worth speaking of since the hard times set in. 
 

 ilJiiiiii 1/ 
 
 K;iii;i\vlin A"alli'V I':ink Building; 
 
 There are live banking houses in Charle;it<)n, with 
 an invested oajntal of over a half million dollars. 
 They are: 
 
 Tlir Kanawlia Vallry Bank Sl.'in.non 00 
 
 Tlic Citizens' Xatiuiiul Hank ll'.'),iiiiii oil 
 
 The CharlcstdU National I'.ank 100.000 00 
 
 Tlic- Kanawlia Xational Bank 100,000 00 
 
 TIk' Cuninn-n-ial Savinj;s Bank 5ii,O00 00 
 
 Among the commercial organizations arc the 
 Charleston Board of Trade, of which Mr. P. II, 
 Noycs. of the wholesale grocer firm of P. PI. Noyes 
 it Co., is i)resident, and the Kanawha Coal Exchange, 
 of which Mr. M. T. Davis is president. 
 
 l)un"s Commercial Agency has a hranch nHii-c 
 established in the city of which ]\Ir. J. E. Kings- 
 Imry is manager. 
 
 There are between twelve and fifteen wholesale 
 and jobbing houses in tltc city. \\'ithin the last 
 five j'ears the wholesale and jolibing trade of 
 Charh'ston has increased from five hunih'cd thous- 
 and dollars t" considcrahlv over two million dollars 
 for the year 1S9.'5. 
 
 Among the industries of Cliarlestim are seven 
 luml>er manufacturing plants, employing, when 
 running at full capacity. 70U to IKK) men ; a cart and 
 Iniggy works, employing from 300 to 400 men, five 
 foundries and machine shops employing 350 men, 
 two large flour mills employing about 40 men, one 
 
j^_-a^, ^-..^ ^--j -^ ^ .Jj; '^ Vs'l I'll 
 
 
 i .1 iir.*fs 
 
 
 
 woolen factory eniiiloyiiiL' nearly 100 persons, an 
 ice factory. emj)loyint: t'roiii 30 to 40 men, five brick 
 making i>lants employinjr from 400 to (JOO men. 
 There are also cigar factories, candy factories, bot- 
 tling works, pork packing houses and a large numl)er 
 of other establishments employing from SOO to 1.200 
 men. 
 
 There is a splendid ojiportunity for the invest- 
 ment of ca])ital in Charleston in other lines of man- 
 ufacture than those already established, such as the 
 mining of fire and pottery clays, and the manufac- 
 ture of brick, crockery ware, pottery ware and glas.s- 
 ware, mining of iron ore and the manufacture of 
 iron, tiling, wagons and carriages, clothing, boots 
 and shoes, hardware, nails, paper boxes, bed mat- 
 tresses, paints, wood pulp, etc. There is an abun- 
 dance of raw material for manufacture righ' at hand, 
 and the introduction of natural gas into the city 
 j)roviding cheap fuel will result in a great advan- 
 tage to the manufacturers of this city. Another im- 
 portant ailvantage enjoyed by the jicople of Charles- 
 ton are their splendid sbipi)ing facilities, and this 
 should not be lost sight of. Boats arrive at and de- 
 part from the wharves nearly every hour in the day. 
 and pas.senger and freight trains are continually 
 arriving and departing on the railroads leading out 
 from Charleston in five different directions. 
 
 The abundance of raw material to be had right at 
 hand, the unusually low cost of fuel, the excellent 
 shipping fiicilities, added to the low cost of labor, 
 
<^k> 
 
 ^i'CsV 
 
 which is 81.2') j)L'r day for common labor and an 
 average of §2 oO per day for skilled laljor, seem to 
 include all the advantages desired hy manutacturers, 
 and when these various advantages become fully 
 known and apjireeiated, it must necessarily result in 
 the establishment of many large and various kinds 
 of manufacturing plants in and around the city. 
 
 "HE CHURCHES. 
 
 lic.'-iilciicc III' Hen. .<. 1,. KldiiriKiv. 
 
 r,i, the ]irin<'i|ial churches and creed.s are 
 represented in (.'harleston. there l.ieing eight 
 distiiu't denominatoinsand twelve church or- 
 ganizations. 
 
 First Presbvteri.\n. — The First Presbyterian 
 church (the Southern branch) has a si)lendid edifice 
 liH'ated on the corner of Hale and Quarrier streets 
 near the l)usiness part nf the i-ity. It is built of 
 stone, and the main au<litoriuni has a seating capa- 
 city of ],()()(). There is in the building a large and 
 commodius Sunday school room, a lecture room, 
 church ])arlors, session room, library and other rooms 
 and the entire building is handsomely ei|uipped for 
 the extensive religious work carried on by this con- 
 gregation. Adjoining the church building stands 
 the large, elegant residence of the ]iastor. or the par- 
 
Residence nf Hon. (ieo. K. I'rico. 
 
 sonagf. The churcli Iniililing cos-t aljout S-'^o.CKJO, 
 tlic parsonnge about 85.000, and the entire church 
 propertv. including land and huilding*;. is estimated 
 to he worth .$.")-),( )()(). Rev. .J. C Barr. D. D., is pas- 
 tor, and he lias succeeded in building up a member- 
 ship now numbering over 450 communicants. A 
 large Sabbath school is conducted liy the church of 
 which Mr. S. L. Flournoy is superintemlent. There 
 is organized in the church a very efficient Young 
 Peoples Society of Christian Endeavor which carries 
 on a number of mi.ssion Sunday schools. Mr. E. A. 
 Palmer is President of the society, and Mr. .John S. 
 Xoves is its Secretary. This church supports some 
 six or seven mission stations, located at various 
 points in the .suburbs of the city, including three 
 regularly organized mission churches. 
 
 St. .b)iix's Ei'is(or.\L.-Two squares east of the 
 First Presbyterian church edifice, on the corner of 
 (^uarrier aiid Broad streets, stands the splendid 
 structure in which the congregation of St. John's 
 Episcoi)al cliurch worship. The liuilding was 
 .rccted in tlie year 1890. at a cost of 825,000. It is 
 a stone structure, elegantly furnished and ecpiipped. 
 The main auditorium has a seating capacity of be- 
 tween .lOO and (iOO. and the lecture-room adjoining, 
 which has a seating capacity of 200, is separated from 
 the main auditorium by sliding doors, so tliat tiie 
 two rooms may be thrown into one wlien necessary on 
 special occasions. A handsome rectory stands near 
 the church building and fronts on Quarrier street. 
 
Rcsick'iicc 1.1 Mi's. ('. <i. Siuitli. 
 
Secretary. The church al^o conducts a number of 
 prosperous missions in the suburbs of the city. 
 
 Statk Stkket Methodist. — On State street, at 
 the corner of Court, stands the State Street M. E. 
 church l)uildinjr, a substantial and commodious 
 brick structure, erected in 18S4 at a cost 813.000. 
 The main auditorium is on the second floor of the 
 l)uildinjr. and is callable of .seating SOU people. On 
 tiic lower floor is the lecture room, which seats from 
 (iOO to 700. Tliis is used for conducting Sunda_v 
 school, prayer meetings, class meetings, church rc- 
 cei)tions, entertainments of various kinds, and for 
 all purposes except public worship. Rev. S. J. 
 Cotton is pastor of the church, and Mr. L. M. 
 Haynes is Superintendent ol' the Sunday .school. 
 The young i)eople of tlic church arc organized into 
 a very etticicnt society under the name of the Ep- 
 worth League, of whicii Rev. S. J. Cotton is Presi- 
 dent and Mr. David Dick is Secretary. 
 
 Chkisti.vn CniKcM. — Xeartiie State Street church 
 is located the Christian church edifice, a small, but 
 very comfortable brick building, on the corner of 
 Laidley and Donnally streets. This church was or- 
 ganized in April, IS'.d, l)y Rev. J. \V. Mc(iarvey, Jr.. 
 who has served the church as its minister since that 
 time. The aim of this somewhat jieculiar church 
 organization is given liy its minister as follows : "1. 
 To exalt (iod's Son al)()Ve jiarty, and (iod'sA\'ord 
 above all human creeds. Where the Scriptures 
 speak we si)eak : where tiie Scrijiturcs are silent we 
 
 are silent. "J. To illustrate the jjracticaljility of 
 Christian union on New Testament faith ami ]>rac- 
 tice. 3. To build a church of Christ without de- 
 nominational name, human creed or other barrierto 
 Cliristian unity, whose terms of fellowship shall 1)6 
 as broad as the conditions of salvation and identical 
 witii them. 4. To lead alien sinners to Christ in tiie 
 light of the New Testament teaching and examjile. 
 5. To co-operate with all otiier Christian workers, 
 as far as we can, in extending Christ's reign among 
 men, while seeking to promote the unity for which 
 Christ prayed. 
 
 Ch.mu.eston B.\i>tist CnfK<ii. — On tiie corner of 
 Capitol and A\'ashington streets, and near tlie State 
 Capitol liuilding, stands the elegant wooden struc- 
 ture of the r.Mptist church. The building is only a 
 temporary one, tiie church having determined to 
 erect a large and handsome edifice within the near 
 future. The projierty of this churcii is now valued 
 at 820,000, including ground and building. Rev. 
 T. C. Johnson, D. D., is pastor of the church. Mr. 
 D. M. Sullivan is Superintendent of the Sunday 
 school. The young i)eople are organized into a so- 
 ciety under the name of the Young People's I'nion. 
 and are vigorously prosecuting religious work in va- 
 rious lines. Mr. L. B. Stoghill is President of the 
 society and Miss Cora Spencer is Secretary. 
 
 DicKixsox Cii.M'KL — METHonisT The edifice of 
 the Southern Methedists — Dickinson Chapel — stands 
 near the Bapti-st church, eastward, corner of Dickin- 
 
i s 
 
son and Washington streets, and is also next to Cap- 
 itol square. This bnil(lin<i: which has a seating ca- 
 l)acity <if over 700 will soon give way to a magnifi- 
 cent new structure to cost SSO.OOO. The new Imild- 
 ing will contain a large auditorium, with a seating 
 capacity of 1,000, a lecture room, a Sunday School 
 room, church parlors and a jiastor's residence, all un- 
 der one roof. It will he elegantly finished and 
 elaborately equipped. Uev. S. F. Mct'lung is pastor 
 of the church; ^Ir. .1. M. Bodell is Superintendent of 
 the Sunday .school ; A.C. Ilickel, class leader. This 
 church also has a Young People's Society of Chris- 
 tian Endeavor, of which Prof. W. F. Harris is Pres- 
 ident and ]Miss Riddle .Jarrett is Secretary. 
 
 Germ.v.n LrniBu.v.v — The German Lutheran 
 church of Charleston was organized in lSi*J by F. 
 K. Heitz. who is its pastor. The congregation has 
 just completed a very handsome church building 
 on Court street, which was dedicated June 2, 1894. 
 
 The colored people have two churches, a Baptist 
 and a Methodist. Each congregation owns a largo, 
 comniodious brick building, with a seating capacity 
 of about SOO each. Rev. J. W. Waters is pastor of 
 the Metlu)dist church, and Rev. G. B. Howard, pas- 
 tor of the Baptist church. 
 
 Yor.N(; Men's CHiii.<Ti.vN Associatio.n. — The 
 Young Men's Christian Association was organized 
 in l.SS.S, and now has a membership of nearly two 
 hundred. Last year (1893) it acquired by purchase 
 a very comfortable building and grounds on Capitol 
 
 street, near the State House (the Norvell residence) 
 at a cost of 812,000. The building has been remod- 
 eled and fitted u]) in a hanrlsome manner, and made 
 a very comfortable and ])leasant resort for young 
 men. It is the intention of tiie Association "to re- 
 move the old building and erect in its place a large, 
 handsome structure within the ne.xt two or three 
 years to cost not less than .sixty thou.*and dollars, 
 with a splendidly equipped gymnasium, reading 
 room and library, class rooms, batii-rooms, ttc. The 
 efforts of the Association in the line of gosjiel work, 
 under the direction of the able and efhcient General 
 Secretary, Mr. D. Spnigue, have iieen attended with 
 si)lendid results. Mr. S]irague isal)ly assisted in this 
 work by Mr. II. 15. Smitli. President of the Associa- 
 tion, and Mr. W. C. B. Moore, its siecretary. 
 
 — -^.s^. — 
 
 EDUCATIONAL FACILiriES. 
 
 The City Public Schools. 
 
 ell.VlILESTON can not boa,st a college or a uni- 
 versity, yet tlie peojjle are blessed with ixs 
 fine ]nd)lic schools a.s can be found anywhere. 
 ■^•"^ The city owns school projK'rtv valued at 
 SUti.itOO, as follows: Buildings, 8125,000: lands, 
 820,000: apparatus. 81,600: library, 8300. There 
 
Scruiul Wanl School liuiMing. 
 
Tile property ol' the cliurcli. iiicluilinj.' the clnirrli 
 liuililiiii;. rrrtiiry and frmunds, is valued at S4l>,()l)(l. 
 lni]ir(ivements to cost 8o,(l()l), are to l)e added to the 
 liuilding this year, (1X94.) This eongre<fation also 
 supi)ortsa mission church in Elk City, and a num- 
 ber of mission Sunday schools. Rev. 1!. J). linller, 
 D. D., is rector of St. Johns. 
 
 Chapel of tiik S.vcred IlK.vin- — C.vthoi.ic.— 
 Near the St, Johns church liuilding is the Chapel 
 of the Sacred Heart (Catholic), on the corner of 
 Bmad and \'irginia stre<'ts. This denomination 
 owns a valuahlc piece of land extending from \'ir- 
 .ginia street to (^uarrier street, bordering on Broad 
 street. The St. Mary's Academy building stands on 
 the Quarrier street frontage, and is valued at 84,01):), 
 A frame chapel building, of simple desijrn, which 
 cost 82,500, stands on the \'irginia street frontage. 
 This is now used and will lie used as a house of 
 worship until the new church edifice is built. The 
 new structure, which will be completed jimbalily 
 within two years, will be a magnificent buiMing, to 
 ■cost 830.000. Rev. Jo.seph Stenger is the pa-tor in 
 <'harge of the Sacred Heart parish. He has licen 
 very successful in the management of the various 
 interests of the parish and in raising funds with 
 which to construct the new church edifice. 
 
 Te.mpi.e Be.se Jesiicium — Jewish. — Going east 
 one-half a block from the Catliolic Church, on Vir- 
 j.dnia street, you come to the new structure of the 
 Jewish congregation. Temple Bene Jeshurum. dedi- 
 
 '■ated A[iril 17, 1S'.I4. It is a handsome brick 
 liuilding, of Moorish architecture, and cost some- 
 thing over 825,000, Rev. l\Iarcus Salzman 
 is the Ralil^i in charge of Temple Bene Jes- 
 hurum. The officers of the congregation are Ja- 
 cob Jelenko, President; M, Frankenberger, Vice- 
 Rresident; Charles Loel), Warden; M. Goldbarth, 
 Secretary, and Ph. Frankenberger, Treasurer. The 
 Board of Trustees consist of B. Baer. A. Middleburg, 
 and I. Srhwab,'. The E.xecutive Board of .1. .lelen- 
 ko, Charles Loeb, Ph. Frankenberger. .V. Middleberg, 
 M. Frankenlierger, M. (loldbaith, B. Baer, I. Schwabe. 
 and Dr. 1). Mayer, and the School Board of Dr. D. 
 Mayer, M. (Joldbarth and M. Frankenberger. 
 
 K.\x.\vvH.\ PuEsr5VTERi.\.N. —Leaving Tcinjile Bene 
 Jeshurum and going west into the next lilock, on 
 \'irginia street, you come to the magnificent stone 
 structure of the Kanawha Presbyterian church. 
 The main bodv nf this buildiui; was comiileted in 
 the year 1880, "at a cost of .?:ii,000. In 18as an 
 annex was constructed, providing a Sunday School 
 room, with class rooms adjoining, a lecture room, 
 church i)arlor, librarv, etc. The annex cost over 
 812,000. Rev. H. \V. Torrence is pastor of the 
 church. A large and prosp i-rous Sundav school is 
 conducted by the church, of which Dr. T. L. Barber 
 is Superintendent. There is also in o]>eration in 
 conni'ctiou with the church, a flourishing Young 
 People's Society of Christian ICndeavor, of whieh F. 
 M. Staunton is President and Mrs. S. M. Snvder is 
 
•^"'^••r"*v 
 
 Rfsidfiirc- lit .Iucli;e Okey .Idlinson. 
 
are three large, elegant school buikling.s, containing 
 a total of forty-one rooms, taiialile of aeconimodat- 
 ing 2.-30O jmpils. The enrollment of jiu]iils in the 
 year 1893 was 1,581), and the average attendance 
 was 1.102. The enumeration this year (1894) was 
 2.288. 
 
 The city .■schools consist of nine grades and a 
 high school. The course of study in the nine grades 
 includes spelling, reading, penmanship, arithmetic, 
 language, geography, history, hook-kee])ing, physi- 
 ology, hygiene, civil government, gymnastics, calis- 
 thenics, vocal musi<" and drawing. 
 
 High Sciioni.. — The High School consists of a 
 three years course, as follows : 
 
 First year — Higher arithmetic, elementary algebra, 
 English grammar, civil government, general history, 
 including the Constitution of the United States and 
 the Constitution of West Virginia. 
 
 Second year — Higher algebra, plane geometry, 
 natural philosojjhy. rhetoric, botany and general 
 history. 
 
 Third year — Solid geometry, mental j>hiloso])hy. 
 general history, and ])hilosoi)hy of history. 
 
 Prof. George S. I.aidley is sujierintendent of the 
 city schools; Mrs. Mary K. McGwigan is jtrincipal of 
 the High School; Prof. H. A. Hively is instructor 
 in penmanship, and Miss Sallie Maxwell teacher 
 of vocal music. 
 
 The teachers in the various buildings are : — 
 
 Mercer building — Miss Florence Gravum. Miss 
 
 Annie Walker, Mi.ss Ella Craig, Miss Claudia Bald- 
 win. Miss Irene Walker, Miss Lila K. McChe.snev, 
 Miss A. B. DaShiell, Miss M. M. Patrick. Mr. A. W. 
 Croft, Miss Mary E. Jones, Miss E. L. lIo])i)er. Miss- 
 Eloise A. Easley and Miss Amelia S. Donnally. 
 
 Union Iniilding — Miss E. S. AValker. ]irin(ipal ; 
 Miss Kate Hanlev. Miss Marv Jeftords, Miss Minnie 
 S. McWhortcr, Miss E. F."Leasure, Miss Myrtle 
 Kiger, Miss Ruth Craig Miss Mary M. Peyton and 
 Miss Elizabeth C. Kceley. 
 
 (;.\hx?:tt School — Colored — H. B. Rice, Princi- 
 pal: W. H. Davis, C. W. Boyd. Byrd Prillerman. P. 
 B. Burbridge. Mattie Seames and Blanche Jeftries. 
 
 Catholic School. 
 
 A i)arochial school conducted by an eflicient corps 
 of teachers in the Convent building of the Sacred 
 Heart i)arish, includes about all the branches taught 
 in the jniblic schools, and in addition thereto a 
 thorough course in music. Mother Mary Vincent 
 is superior. Her assistants are Sister Mary A"Loysius. 
 Sister Mary Benedict, Sister Mary Raymond and 
 Sister Mary Cyril. 
 
 Business College. 
 
 The Rowland (.»i: Elliott Business College, in the 
 Burlew Opca block, on Capitol street, was cstal>- 
 lished in 1891. The branches of study in thecollege 
 
MeTwr Si'liocil I'liiililiiifi. 
 
 coiifiist of a tliorougli course in hook-keeping, i)en- 
 manship, stenography, U'pe-writing and an ele- 
 mentary course in English. Prof. Ward B. Elliott. 
 Prof. Ihigli B. Rowland and Prof. T. S. Clark are 
 the ]iriiicipals in the three several departments. 
 
 Kindergarten School. 
 
 A successful Kindergarten school has been es- 
 tablished and is conducted by Miss Elizabette 
 Brown, principal. Tiie Froebel system is used. 
 
 Music School. 
 
 The Charleston JNIusie School is conducted by 
 Prof. F. R. Jacoby. Instruction on the violin, 
 cornet, mandolin, guitar and all other string in- 
 struments is given. 
 
 Newspapers. 
 
 Tliough mentioned last, the newspaper is among 
 the most important of the means of education and 
 treneral intelligence, and the measure of success and 
 prosjierity enjoyed by the press of any town or city 
 may be taken as a fair indication of the intelligence, 
 thrift, enterprise and public spirit of its citizens. 
 •Judged bv this standard, the citizens of Charleston 
 
are to be congi-atuLiteil. They supimrt two daily 
 and four wt-ekly pajicrs. 
 
 Tlu' Charleston Daily (lazctte is an eight-page 
 morning paper publishing the Associated Press 
 
 service, besides special dis])atches covering the 
 entire field at home and abroad, giving the impor- 
 tant daily hap|)cnings in every ])art oi' the world. 
 
 riit lielil for local news is also well covered l>y a 
 corps of talented journalists and re]iorters. The 
 Gazette is issued from the manunoth ]irinting estab- 
 lishment of Mr. M. W. Donnally, the Pui)lic Printer 
 for the Stiite of West Virginia. Mr. Walter Edward 
 Harris is editor of the Gazette ; Mr. Ferd R. Swann 
 is assistant editor and advertising manager; Mr. W. 
 P. Johnson is city editor. The (iazette is Demo- 
 cratic in polities, and is the organ of the Democratic 
 ])arty. 
 
 The Charleston Kvi'uing Mail is ))ul)lished every 
 afternoon, except Suntlay, from tiie printing house 
 of Jarrett & Floyd, on the corner of Virginia and 
 Alderson streets. It is also an eight-i)age jjaper, and 
 pulilishcs a telegraphic press service. It is a splen- 
 did local pajjer and has gained a wide circulation. 
 ^Ir. .John h. Floyd is editorial writer, and Mr. E. K. 
 Hood is managing editor. Mr. W. Hir.st Curry is 
 the city editor. The Evening Mail is a staunch 
 Ueipublican paper, and is regarded as the leading 
 Itepublican journal of this ])art of tiic State. 
 
 The weekly Star-Triliune is edited and jiulilished 
 by Mr. M. 15. Keber. This is an old and well es- 
 tablished Rejiublican journal, and has a large con- 
 stituency in the southern part of West Virginia. 
 
 The Kanawha Valley Democrat, published by 
 Messrs. Perry i*i: Dudley, is an ably edited weekly 
 Democratic i)a])er, of wide circulation. It advocates 
 Democratic princijdes, and is the organ of the labor- 
 ing men. Col, Flintlock Perrv is its editor. 
 
A weekly edition of the Gazette and of the E ven- 
 
 BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES 
 
 AND ORDERS. 
 
 ing Mail is also issued from each of those nil 
 
 ices. 
 
 1 1 !■" Charleston Home for Destitute Women and 
 Children was estahlished in the year LSDO liya 
 . few of the nolile women of Charleston, who have, 
 through liard lahor and many trials and vexations, 
 made it one of tliemost valuahle institutions ot the 
 kind in the state. On the 15th ofOctoljer, 1890 a few 
 ladies met in the parlor of Mrs. Joseph Rufiner, on 
 Brooks street, and formed the plans for the estaldish- 
 ment of the Home. It wasa tremendous undertaking 
 for these ladies, but they were not daunted by the 
 magnitude of the work before them. The work of i-ais- 
 ing jirivate subscriptions to erect or purchase a 
 building was at once liegun, and within a sliort time 
 these ladies had secured the sul)scription of enougli 
 money to enalile them to purchase a building. A 
 large residence on Piedmont street was jmrchased 
 and paid for, the price l)eing S3,000, after whicii im- 
 j)rovements to the building were made costing §2,()U0 
 which has also been paid. The institution is main- 
 tained wdiolly Ijy private subscriptions. The average 
 number of inmates of the Home is abciut 17 and tlie 
 average cost of maintaining it is about $75 per 
 month. Mrs. Fannie Hawkins is the matron of the 
 institntiini. Mrs. Joseph Rutiher has liecn presiilent 
 
of this society ever since it was formed and it is 
 mainly tlirougli her ettorts that the Home for Desti- 
 tute WoTiien and Children has heen made a success. 
 It was also through Mrs. Ruflher's efforts that a law 
 was enacted at the last sitting of the State Legisla- 
 ture providing lor the hetter protection of the chil- 
 dren of the State. The other officers of the society 
 are Mrs. Jacob Jelenko, vice-jn-esident, Mrs. E. L. 
 Butterick, secretary, and Mrs. Philip Frankenberger, 
 treasurer. 
 
 Nearly all the benevolent onlers have organiza- 
 tions in Charleston. ]»rinci])al am()ng which are : 
 
 M.\soxs ■ Kanawha Lodge No. 20 A. F. and A. M.; 
 .J. Talnian Waters. \\'orsliii)rul Master.. I. \V. Crider, 
 Secretarv. 
 
 Tvrean Roval Arcli Chapter — I. .1. Lovdl. High 
 Priest, J. Tal'man Waters. Scribe. 
 
 Kanawha Conimandery No. 4, Knights Templar 
 — F. H. Markell, Eminent Commander; -J. Tal- 
 man Waters, Recorder. 
 
 Oni) Fei.t.ows - Kanawha Lodge. No. 2n, A. F. 
 Wallen. Noble (irand, A. 1). Boyd, Secretary. 
 
 Ellinipsico Encampment. No. 11-5 — R. L. Bibl)y. 
 Chief Patriarch ; E. W. England, Scril)e. 
 
 Knights of Pytiii.\s — Elkana Lodge No. ()3 — E. 
 S. Christy, Chancellor Commander: W. A. ^Fahan, 
 Keejier of Records and Seal. 
 
 Keuka Lodge No. 2(5 — Thos. Wilson, Chancellor 
 Commander; M. L. Young, Keeper of Records and 
 Seal. 
 
 Kanawha Division No. 2, rniform Rank — H. K. 
 Black, ('ai)tain; C. W. Hall, First Lieutenant. 
 
 Second Regiment — C. C. Rand, Colonel: A. T. 
 Fox, Captain and Adjutant. 
 
 K.NKiiiTs OK THE (ioLi)EX E.VGi.K. — Pride of Kana- 
 wha Castle No. 5— C. L. Rader, Noble Chief; J. C. 
 Spurr, Master of Records. 
 
 Charleston Conimandery No. 1 — H. L. Minsker, 
 Cajitain ; J. C. Spurr, Secretary. 
 
 Benevolent Order of Ei.ks — C. E. Rudesill, 
 E.\alted Ruler; P. H. Noyes, Jr., Secretary. 
 
 KNKfirrs OF Honor. — Kanawha Citv Lodge, No. 
 4<).5— E. H. Easly, Dictator; J. E. Chamberlain, Fi- 
 nancial Secretary. 
 
 Legion of Honor — Kanawha Council No. 109 — 
 N. B. Pottier, Commander; Geo. Davis, Secretary. 
 
 UNrrEi) Amerhan Mecii.vnks. — Charleston Coun- 
 cil No. il — S. F. Morrison, Councillor: R.C llager, 
 Recording Secretary. 
 
 Fr.vtern.m. Mystic Circle. — Capitol Citv Ruling 
 Xo. 70— W. H. Whitehurst. Worthy Ruler: T. J. 
 Grass, Recorder. 
 
 Red Men. — Nakomis Trilie, No. 13 — S. P. Fer- 
 rell. Great Senior Sagamore; Hugh Dcbord, Chief 
 of Records. 
 
 Military Orders. 
 
 Blixdox Post G. A. R.- C. B. Mcintosh, Com- 
 mander: Frank Ha]itoiistall. .\djutant. 
 
ui/^^^'V-.'-'-^V*f .^ 'yS!*^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Residence of Mr. J. W. G( 
 
Cami' pATTdX. Confederate Veterans — Flintlock 
 Perry, ("oniniander; II. D. McFarland, Adjutant. 
 
 Camp Stoxewaij, Jacksox, Confederate \'eterans 
 — W. S. Summers, Colonel; E. II. Easley, Adju- 
 tant. 
 
 Labor Organizations. 
 
 K.vXAWiiA \'.\i.i.KV Fkdehai. LAiiiiK Txiox. No. 
 fi2()7. — J. K. F().ster, President: Sim Imn. Secretary. 
 
 AiiALiiAMATKi) CofXriL. — Alex. Miller. President : 
 Sim Iron, Secretary. 
 
 Ch.\ri-e.>T()X TYr(x;RAi'iiicAi. Uxiox, No 146. — \V. 
 E. Forsyth, President; John S. Groves, Recording 
 Secretary. 
 
 Commercial Clerks. — .1. 1). Price Commander; 
 C. L. Rador Secretary. 
 
 Bricklayers" axd Masons' Uxiox. — Alex. Camp- 
 bell. President: W..J. Wilton. Secretary. 
 
 Cari'EXTERs' I'xiox — A. B. Miller, President: \V . 
 A. Foster, Secretary. 
 
 Social Organizations. 
 
 Charleston society is urganizeil into numerous 
 social clubs. The leading social club, although classed 
 under the head of "Benevolent Societies." is that of 
 the Elks, of which Mr. C. E. Rudesill is jiresidcnt 
 and P. H. Xoyes, .Jr., is secretary. Tlie Elks have 
 established sj>acious ([uarters in the Shrewsbury 
 Block, (in Capitol street, which they have equijiped 
 
 and furnished in tlie most elaborate and elegant 
 style at a cost of over 82.00(1 The main room in the 
 suite is the large lodge room which is also used as a 
 dancing hall. There is also a large dining hall with 
 kitchen and other smaller rooms adjoining, receiition 
 parlors, kdie.s' and gentlemen's dressing rooms, etc., 
 all furnished in the most sumptuous manner. This 
 is one of the most jioinilar social organizations of the 
 city, and the society peojile of Charleston are imlebt- 
 ed to it for a great many superb entertainments such 
 as balls, receptions, banquets, etc. 
 
 The Germania Club is another social organization 
 which has estal)lished itself in elegant quarters. It 
 is located in the Couch Block, on Quarrier street, oc- 
 cupying two floors (the -second and third). The 
 Germania Club's suite consists of the main hall, 50 
 feet square, with stage 2n feet S(iuare, dining hall 75 
 by 100 feet, recejition parlors, litirary. billianl room, 
 etc. All these rooms are si)lendidly furnished and 
 equipped. The otlicers of the Germania Club are 
 Ben Baer, President, Henry Smith, Vice President, 
 David Baer, Secretary, and Win. .Telenko. Treasurer. 
 
 The Cotillion Club, of which C. C. Buery is Presi- 
 dent, Harry Morgan is Secretary and P. II. Xoyes, 
 •Jr., is Leader, is a dancing clul), using the Elks 
 apartments. The club gives an entertainment once 
 a month or oftener. 
 
 There are a number of other social organizations 
 in the city, such as whist clubs, euchre dubs, and 
 others too numerous to name. 
 
iL^s^ 
 
 View on Virfjiiiia Street. 
 
CHARLESTON'S SUBURBS. 
 
 3T llhliE are no Ic-ss tlian cifrlit impurtant t-ul>- 
 * I urban towns and villages within from one tc 
 -L three miles of the eitv and tributary to it. 
 
 to 
 
 Elk City. — The first and most important of these 
 is Elk City, immediately across the Elk river on the 
 northwest bank of that stream. It has a popula- 
 tion of about 3,000, and re<;ularly organized city 
 jrovernment. with many of the modern improve- 
 ments, including electric street railway, electric 
 lights, water works, etc. Six religious denomina- 
 tions have comfortable houses of worship, and the 
 town is well supplied with good school buildings in 
 which arc conducted the public schools by experi- 
 enced and talented teachers. Several extensive 
 manufacturing plants are located in this suburb, in- 
 cluding a large furniture fectory. a veneering mill, a 
 saw mill, a sash and door factory, two brick facto- 
 ries and a number of smaller manufacturing con- 
 cerns. 
 
 Gleswooi), including Glenwood Heights, is a 
 pretty resident suburb, immediately adjoining Elk 
 City on the North, where many business men of 
 Charleston are building elegant residences, and it is 
 becoming a most desirable place for those who pre- 
 fer to reside away from the noise and confusion of a 
 busy city. A comi)any has been chartered and or- 
 
 ganized under the name of The West Charleston 
 Improvement Comi)any. for the purpose of operat- 
 ing .streetcar and tdejihone lines, mining coal, iron 
 ore, and other minerals, liuilding and o])erating saw 
 mills, car shops and furnaces, manufacturing furni- 
 ture, and brick, liuilding wharves, dock yards, etc. 
 
 West Ch.\ri.estox is located on the north bank 
 of the Kanawha, and from one to two miles west of 
 Charleston. This includes, besides pretty suburban 
 residences, a number of important manufacturing 
 plants, among them the Buckeye Cart works, the 
 largest two wheel vehicle factory in the world. 
 
 Ri'Ki-XEK — Immediately adjoining Charleston on 
 the east, on the north bank of the Kanawha, is 
 situated the town of Huffncr, another suburb which 
 is becoming very popular as a place of residence for 
 business men of the city. 
 
 SoiTH Charleston — On the opprjsite side of Ka- 
 nawha river from Charleston, on the south is the 
 suburb of South Charleston in which are located 
 large iron working plants, including boiler works, 
 iron foundaries. machine shops, etc., along the river 
 front. Back from the river on the heights overlook- 
 ing the city, is the residence portion of South 
 Charleston when; the streets, roadways and grounds 
 laid out in curiously odd. but very pretty designs and 
 overhung with beautiful and stately shade trees, are 
 in harmony with the grandly beautiful rustic scen- 
 ery in close proximity. Many elegant and costly 
 residences are being built in this suburb. 
 
\'ir\v 111! (';i|)itc)l Sti'i'ct. 
 
SoiTii Ri-KKXER — Kast from south Charleston, 
 about two miles, on the south hank of the Kanawha 
 river and on the line of the ('.A- ( ). Railroad, is 
 tSoutli Hufl'ner, another resident suhurl) where many 
 residences are being built. 
 
 K.\x.\\vii.\ City — Just east of Soutii iiulfner. three 
 mile.s from Charleston, is Kanawha City, a beauti- 
 fully laid out town, wliere manufacturing plants are 
 being established and residences are Ijeing built. 
 
 Capitol Hii.i. — The Capitol Hill company has 
 laid out lots and streets on the hills north of the city 
 and a number of handsome residences have l)een liuilt, 
 which form quite a nucleus for an important suburb. 
 
 .Ml tliese suburban places are growing rajjidly and 
 they bid fair to liave a combined ])o])ulation of from 
 20,000 to 30,000 within the next decade. 
 
 NATURAL RESOURCES OF 
 
 THE KANAWHA VALLEY. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 rOX. A. B.FLEM INC, ox-Governor of West 
 Virginia, in an address Ijcfore the Chamlier 
 ■ >( Commerce of Pittsburg, March 26, 1894, 
 peaking of the resources of the Moun- 
 tain State, said : 
 
 " West \'irginia is a veritable store house of min- 
 
 eral and natural wealtii. It is said, and upon au- 
 thority so ancient as to l)e worthy of all acceptation, 
 1 am sure, that after the Maker of the Universe had 
 separated the land from the water. He set about 
 l)lanting the substances which would jiroduce the 
 various minerals. In one .section he distributed one 
 or more kinds, in another .section other kinds, but 
 when He came to West Virginia, He upset the bas- 
 ket and spilled the whole on her territory. In any 
 event, the fact remains, that within her boundaries 
 is found nearly every valuable mineral deposit of 
 every country, excejit the precious metals, gold and 
 silver." 
 
 Whatever can be said of the State of \\'est \'ir- 
 ginia, or any jiart of it, can be said with truth of 
 the Kanawha Valley. It is the garden spot of the 
 State. It is the richest and most varied in its natural 
 resources of all other sections. All the kinds of 
 coal found in the State al>ound in thick licds in tiie 
 Kanawha \'alley. The sidint, cannel, semi-canncl, 
 steam, gas, fuel and coking coal are all found in 
 Kanawha county, and there is no i)art of the county 
 in which coal is not found. 
 
 The State of West Virginia stands at the head of 
 the list of all the States in coal-bearing area, it hav- 
 ing within its borders 10,000 s(iuare miles of coal 
 area, while Pennsylvania, the next on the list, has 
 12,000 square miles, and Kentucky, the third, has 
 only 9.000. The Kanawha Valley and th.e country 
 drained bv the streams (lowing into the Kanawha 
 
river, may be said to lie right in the heart of tlii~ 
 immense coal bearing area. ^^ ithin this territoi.v 
 is found in thick beds every formation of the car- 
 boniferous epoch. I'rof. 1. ('. White, the eminent 
 geologist of the West ^■irginia University, in a re- 
 cent examination between Point Pleasant, at the 
 mouth of the Kanawiia river, and (juinnimont, on 
 the New river, measured 1,310 feet of the lower 
 coal measures, (soft, coking and steam coals), i)~i> 
 feet of the middle coal measures (splint coal), and 
 274 feet of the upper coal measures. The coals of 
 all the.*e measures are distinguished for their purity, 
 freedom from sulphur and low per cent of ash. 
 The exceptional purity of tliese coals has gained for 
 them very high market ratings, and they are attract- 
 ing the attention of capitalists both in this country 
 and in Europe. 
 
 In the excellent work of Hon. Wm. Seymour Ed- 
 wards, entitled "Coals and Cokes in West Virginia," 
 are found valuable tables giving the results of chem- 
 ical analyses of the coals and cokes of this State with 
 ciimparisons between them and the products of coal 
 fields in other states and countries. These analyses 
 show that the coals of the Kanawiia Valley arc un- 
 sur])as.-ed for their steam i)roducing power and for 
 the production of coke by the coals of any other re- 
 gion. In the high percentageof fixed en rlion, hiw jicr- 
 centage of ash, and almost entire freedom from sul- 
 ])hur, the splint coals of the Freeport and Uppci- 
 Kittanniuir i-eams, as worked in the (Ircat Kanawha 
 
 field, are unexcelled even by the famous coals of 
 Briar Hill, Ohio, which they resemble in physi<'al 
 hardness, or by the coals of the Pittsburg and 
 Yciughiogheny districts in Pennsylvania. The su- 
 ])eriority of Kanawha coals is shown by tables of an- 
 alyses on pages 04 and (-io of the book above referred 
 t(i. Taking the seams or mines showing the highest 
 percentage of fixed carbon in the several states or 
 coalfields examined we get the following resvdt : 
 The higliest percentage of fixed carbon in the Kana- 
 wha field is shown at Eagle mines, which is 70.47 
 (ler cent: the highest in Pennsylvania, Ohio or Indi- 
 ana is at ISriar Hill, Ohio, which is ()2.li6 per cent.; 
 and the highest in English coal is found at "N'ork- 
 shire, which is (i0.o2 jier cent. 
 
 A talile on page 71 shows the candle power and 
 gas yielding power of Kanawha coals in comparison 
 with others. In the yield of cubic feet of gas per 
 [lound of coal in the Kanawha Valley the highest 
 percentage is found at Acme mines, which is 6.35 
 ]K'r cent. At Peytona, 15 miles south of Charles- 
 ton, tlie percentage is G.tiO. The highest in Penn- 
 sylvania is found at West IMoreland, 5.32 per 
 cent. The highest in Ohio is found at Sterling, 
 5.25 jier cent. The highest in Nova Scotia is 
 found at Cape Breton, 5.10 per cent. The 
 same table shows the candle power of gas ])er 
 pound of coal. The highest percentage in the Kana- 
 wha valley is found at Cannelton, (J4.54 per cent, 
 and Pevtona, on Coal river, 42.711 per cent. The 
 
% 
 
 p 
 
 * ^ 
 
 ^i ^1 ^ 
 
 Post Olliir liilililill" 
 
 liighest in I'(iinsylvaiii;i isruuiulal \\'c>i .Mdi-chiMil. 
 l().()i^ ])i'r cent. Tlic liiu'licst in Ojiio is found at 
 Stfilin.L^ is. SI pel- ccntT Tin- liiL'iicst in Nova S(f>tia 
 is foiuul at ('a]ic I'reton. M.'.Vl pfr <-c'nt. 
 
 TiiK C'oAi. liiVKH Hkciox. — The tcTiitniv (liainiil 
 liy tlie Coal river, coniiirisin;: atiout (iOO.OOO acres, 
 wliitli is very riili in tlio carlionifcrfius deposits, is 
 yet undeveloped. < )penin5rs in one of the mountains 
 !!()() feet hij;li in tiiis region shows six veins of work- 
 ai)ie eoal. Foliowin.Lr are the veins which have l>ceM 
 opened and the analyses: 
 
 1st vein — :i feet !• inches, dear coal Id'J feet ahove 
 river. 
 
 •.^nd vein — 7 I'eet sjilint eoal. '142 fiit aliove river. 
 
 .Jrd vein— 2 feet II) inches splint coal, 420 feet 
 aliove liver. 
 
 -4lh vein — 5 feet cannel, oW) feet aliove river. 
 
 oth vein- •") feet splint. oSO feet aliove river. 
 
 (ith vein — o feet S inches. (140 f( et ahove river. 
 
 First\-ein — .\nalysisliy F-ucius Pitkin. New York. 
 .Moisture, •").;)0 percent.; volatile carhonaei-ous. 80. Nil 
 per cent.; fi.xed carlion. oS.N!) jui- cent.; sulphur, 
 0.()2 ]ter ci'nt.; ash, 1.2") jicr cent. 
 
 Fourth vein — .Analysis hy ('. l'\ Chandler. \'ola- 
 lile, 4(i.O0 per cent.; fixed carhon. 41.00 jier cent.; 
 ash, 13.00 per cent.; .»»?, per ton of 2,240 Ihs., 14.20 
 cubic feet; canille jiowcr of gas, 42.7!1 per cent.; coke, 
 per ton of 2.240 ll)s.. l.SSOliis. of :W hushels ; .-ra.s, 
 jHirifii-d hy one hushel of lime. 4,-">10 cubic feet. 
 
 Fifth vein — Splint — Analysis of Lucius Pitkin. 
 
Moisture 1.7S per cent.: volatile combiistible. So.o.S 
 percent.; fixed carbon, 55. "io percent.: sulphur, 0.fi2 
 per cent. 
 
 Sixth vein — Lower liench 5 feet <i inches of 5-feet 
 (!-inch vein (Pitkin). Moisture, 1.92 percent.; vol- 
 atile combustible, 33.04 per cent.; fixed carbon, 
 57.30 per cent.; ash, 6.84 per cent.; sulphur, 0.98 per 
 cent. 
 
 Coke from Sixth vein — Analysis 1>y Pitkin. 
 Moisture, 0.18 jier cent.; volatile eombustilde. 0.00 
 per cent; fixed carbon, 8(5.03 per cent; ash, 12.9(1 
 per cent; sulphur, 0.83 per cent. "Coke, eomjiaet, 
 gray ; very pood for crucible test. 
 
 Vein No. 5 is the celebrated cannel, mined years 
 ago by the Pierreponts and used by the New York 
 gas companies. It is the second richest coal in the 
 world. 
 
 Vein No. 5 is the ^\'inifrede vein, so well known 
 as a steam coal. 
 
 Vein No. 6 is hard to identify. It continues 
 throughout the county, and neer Bald Knob is 20 
 feet thick. The coke made from it is excellent. 
 The coking part of this vein is prol>al)ly the same 
 as the coking vein along the Kanawha river; but in 
 Boone county it more nearly approaches in compo- 
 .sition the den.se Connellsville coke. 
 
 The three-foot-9-inch vein is a superl) steam coal. 
 The S]ieeimens are from near the surface and yet 
 they sliow Iiut 1.25 per cent, of ash. This coal does 
 not cake in the fire, but fiiesajiart. By tliose who have 
 
 seen this coal it is thought the superior of any steam 
 coal in America, althout:h the vein is not verv 
 thick. 
 
 Coke. 
 
 A table on page 77 of "Coal and Cokes of West 
 Virginia" shows chemical analyses of Cokes of 
 Kanawha and New River field compared with others. 
 The quality of the coke from several states is here 
 shown for the purpose of comparison That only 
 possessing the highest percentage of fixed carbon 
 and the lowest percentage of sulphur and ash in 
 each of the states named, is given : 
 
 Wci^t Virginia (Echo Mines, New 
 River)..; 
 
 West Virginia (Cedar (.irovu, Ka- 
 niiwlia Kiver) 
 
 IV'nii>^vlvania (Connellsville) 
 
 Al;il>aina iPralt coal bed) 
 
 • iciiriiia iMailc Mim-.'^i 
 
 Tennessee (Daisy Mines) 
 
 Fixed 
 
 Carbon. 
 
 !i7.710 
 
 f).-).02 
 S!l..')7l) 
 SS.S7.'> 
 7.").i>l 1 
 
 70.s:!0 
 
 Asb 
 
 l.StiO 
 
 4.40 
 il.ll.-'! 
 
 s.;);i:; 
 i'i.7.'>i; 
 lti.7-")ii 
 
 .•sul- 
 
 Jibur. 
 
 0..").S 
 
 II.Sl'I 
 
 1.182 
 
 O.tiTO 
 
 2.1:52 
 
 The report of the board of officers appointed bv 
 the U. S Navy Department (June 19, 1884) "to 
 investigate and report comparative merits of anthra- 
 cite and bituminous coals for ordinary Navy uses," 
 shows tlu' superiority of the West Virginia coals as 
 
steam producers. Following is a summary of the 
 report of this board : 
 
 X:iino of Coal. 
 
 New River 
 
 FrostbiirK 
 
 Curnhcrlaiid 
 
 Hroail To]) 
 
 Pitt.slnir!.' 
 
 Lacawanna 
 
 .\'cw Ca.-tU-, En;; 
 
 Kiii'l of Coal. 
 
 I'crcent- 
 a^reof coni- 
 hust ihU' 
 iiiatLTial. 
 
 PlTclTlt- 
 
 ape of \va- 
 terevajxir- 
 atetiperll). 
 of coal. 
 
 Bituminous ilS.dOOO 
 
 8cmi-Bituminous.. 87. "(MX) 
 S(i.t)700 
 S(i.l2tM) 
 
 Bituminous ill. 7470 
 
 \nthraeite i»I.072S 
 
 Bituminous tt4.3L'(>.') 
 
 10.2023 
 9 <t3.57 
 
 10.0200 
 H.99-40 
 S.2244 
 
 S.H.>i.s 
 
 Salt. 
 
 At our tiine the manufacture of salt was the prin- 
 cipal industry of tlie Kanawha Valley. The brine 
 which furnislied the raw material for this immense 
 industry is found along the Kanawha river at a depth 
 of 1,000 feet or more below the .surfoce of the earth 
 and is pumped into vats and evaporated. The 
 Kanawha salt has always been in demand by pork 
 packers. Tiic discovery of the salt water in Mich- 
 igan where cheap fuel for making salt is obtained, 
 has ojierated to lower the market price of this prod- 
 uct, and the industry in Kanawha is now almost en- 
 tirely suspended, but with the recent discovery of 
 natur.d i:as in the vicinitv of the salt wells and the 
 
 opening of new coal mines, all tending to the cheap- 
 ening of fuel, it is exi)ccted that there will soon be 
 ■I revival of this important industry in the Kanawha 
 Valley. The brine is utilized for the manufac- 
 ture of several chemicals, such a.s soda ash, bromine, 
 bicarbonate of soda and other chemicals of like na- 
 ture. 
 
 Natural Gas. 
 
 Natural gas has been found on the Kanawha nine 
 miles above Charleston. It is an excellent ([uality, of 
 high pressure, and is thought to be inexhaustilde. 
 It is now brought to Charleston by means of a pipe 
 line nine miles long and used in the city for all pur- 
 poses of heating and illumination. 
 
 Iron Ore. 
 
 Good workable veins of blaek band iron ore, car- 
 bonate iron ore. red fossil, red shale and pipe ores liave 
 been found intermittinglv throughout the Kanawha, 
 New River, Coal. Elk and (lauley valleys, but have 
 not been developed, l)ecause of the more important 
 development of the coal industry, and second, because 
 of the lack of railway lines to make them accessible 
 to market. 
 
 Clays. 
 
 A tine quality of tire clay abounds in every sec- 
 
tion of the county, as also a good (lualitv oi' potter's 
 clay. Tlie want oif cai>ital by the owners of tliese tire 
 clay lands has jirevcnted or retarded their dcveloj)- 
 ment. The manufacture of lirick and pottery fronj 
 these clays promises to be among tiie most impor- 
 tant industries <if thi' Kanawha. 
 
 Buildino; Stone. 
 
 The sand stone of the Kanawha \'alley is excel- 
 lent for Iniiiding purposes and is now used very ex- 
 tensively, it is remarkably hard, clear and diu-a- 
 ble, and is famous throughout the country for its 
 superiority. Nearly all the public buildings of 
 Charleston are constructed of this stone, as also are 
 the government locks and dams on the Kanawha 
 river. A sui)erior quality of brown stone is found 
 on the New river close to Charleston. This stone is 
 also extensively used in l)uildings in Charleston and 
 a great deal of it is shipped to distant sections of 
 the country. 
 
 Glass Sand. 
 
 There is an abundance of glass sand found in the 
 Kanawha Valley, but it is yet undevelojied. 
 
 Timber. 
 
 It is .said upon good autliority that West \'irginia 
 has more of a surplus of hard woods than any other 
 
 ten states in the I'nion. Half of the State is covered 
 with virgin forests of hardwoods, such as white-oak, 
 chestnut-oak, black-oak, red-oak, hickory, locust, 
 white maple, sugar maple, cherry, bireh, gum, black 
 walnut, sycamore, etc., and soft woods, such as pine, 
 tulii) poplars, lindens, cucumbers, buckeyes, ashes, 
 and hemlocks. Mr. George W. Summers, in his 
 World's Fair book entitled the "Mountain State," 
 says on this subject : "These splendid forests of 
 thousands of acres of untmiehed timber, where 
 nearly every kind of timber found in the North 
 American continent may be seen, \vhere trees grow 
 to such size that ordinary methods will not sufliceto 
 handle them, and where the forests are so thick that 
 the light of day scarce penetrates their shade, and 
 jxithways must be cut before the axeman can find 
 room to work, have yielded annually millions of 
 feet of timljer, which has gone to nearly every coun- 
 try on earth and given to ^\'est \'irginia tinii)er a 
 world wide reputation. Frt)m European countries 
 capital has come and been invested in the woods of 
 West Virginia, and agents come from England every 
 year to purchase West Virginia tindjer. No finer 
 oak or jtoplar grows beneath the sun than that which 
 may be found in almost any county in the State. 
 The magnificent size, the excellent quality of the 
 timber, and the great variety, give to the timber 
 lands iif West \'irginia unusual value, and have, 
 pai'ticularly in the last few years, attracted the at- 
 tention of timber men from almost every quarter." 
 
INDUSTRIES OF THE 
 
 KANAWHA VALLEY. 
 
 IIK industrial (li'Vcli)|iiiiL'iit of the Kaiiawlia 
 Valley may be paid to have begun about the time 
 ^^the first railroad (the C. & O.) was constructed 
 throuirh the Kanawha Valley and put into operation 
 (about 1S72.) At that tinu' only three collieries were 
 in operation in the southern part of the Slate, or more 
 particularly speakinjr, in the Kanawha and New 
 River valleys. These were the Kanawha and Ohio 
 Coal Company's mines, at Coalburfr, the Campbell's 
 Creek Coal Company's mines at Campbell's Creek, 
 near Maiden, and the Raymond City Coal Company's 
 mines at Raymond City, in I'utnam county. Each 
 of these companies had been shipping coal exclu- 
 sively by boats and barges on the Kanawha river in 
 its then unsatisfactory condition, before the United 
 States (iovernment had taken hold of the river to 
 imjirove it by a system of locks and dams. The de- 
 velopment of the coal industry advanced at a rapid 
 rate when the work of constructing the k)cks and dams 
 began. Every year added new collieries to the list 
 till nowjthe collieries in the Kanawha and New River 
 valleys number over seventy, and new mines are 
 licing o])rncfl constantly. Over nine thousand 
 
 men arc now enij)loyed in mining coal in the 
 Kanawha and New River valleys, and the production 
 of coal and coke in this region amounted to 3,7oS,- 
 7:V2 tons for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1S93. 
 
 The rai>id development of the coal and coke in- 
 dustry of the Kanawha and New River valleys and 
 of the southern part of West Virginia indicates that 
 this will soon become the centre of the coal and coke 
 indu.stry and trade of the entire continent. The su- 
 periority of Kanawha coals and cokes, the low cost 
 of their production and the splendid transportation 
 facilities afforded by the two trunk line railroads and 
 the Kanawha river with its system of locks and 
 dams, affording a boating stage at all times, combine 
 to give the Kanawha Valley jjroducers decided ad- 
 vantage over their com])etitors in the markets from 
 other fields. As an inevitable conseciuence Kanawha 
 coals have been enabled to win their way into mar- 
 kets 2.000 miles distant and to virtually control the 
 markets of the lower Ohio and Mi.^sissipi valleys. 
 Already a great deal of that immense coal industry 
 that has made I'cnnsylvania one of the wealthiest 
 states of the Union "is being transferred to the 
 Kanawha and New River valleys on account of the su- 
 perior quality of the coal, the low co.stof production 
 the iiro.ximit'y to the western markets and the supe- 
 rior shipjiing facilities. 
 
 In the w()rk of Mr. Edwards, -'Coals and Cokes of 
 West Virginia." from which extracts have already 
 
been inserted in these iwges, will be Ibund interest- 
 ing tables (pages 114 and 115) showing in striking 
 contrast the superior economy with which Kanawha 
 coals are mined in comparison with those of Penn- 
 sylvania fields. During the past ten years the i)riees 
 j)aid the miner in the Kanawha district have uni- 
 fonnly averaged from 7 to 14 cents per ton (} to i a 
 cent per bushel) less than in the Pittsburg and Penn- 
 sylvania districts. For the years lSi)0 and 1.S91 the 
 prevailing rate in the Kanawha district has been 
 77 cents per ton (21 cents per bushel) as against S4 
 and 9.S cents per ton (3 and 3^ cents per bushel) 
 paid in the First and Second Pennsylvania districts 
 ( Youghiogheny and Monongahela) for both railroad 
 and river coals, or 70 and 84 cents |)cr ton in the 
 Fourth Monongahela pool collieries averaging ^ cent 
 per bushel less. Within the last year the jirices of 
 mining in the Kanawha field have been reduced to 
 30 and 40 cents per ton for soft coal and 50 to 62i 
 cents per ton for hard coal. 
 
 Another table in Mr. Edwards' l)ook giving the 
 prices paid per ton for the mining of the softer gas 
 and steam coal of the Kanawdia, New River and 
 Flat Toj) Mountain districts, reveals a yet greater re- 
 duction of first cost in favor of the 'West Virginia 
 producer. The prices paid the miner in the ]\Ieigs 
 and Belmont districts, in Oliio, averaged 40 and 50 
 cents per ton during the year 1891-2, while the 
 price paid the miner in the Kanawha di.strict was 49 
 
 cents per ton at Eagle mines, 50 cents at Powellton, 
 (40 cents for 1891) and 25 cents at Ansted mines, 
 with 50 cents in the New River district for both 
 years and 85, 31 and 25 in the Flat Top districts. 
 
 As has already been intimated, the Kanawha 
 coals, on account of their sui)eriority and proximity 
 to market, are ousting the Pittsburg coals from the 
 markets of the lower Oliio and Mississiiipi. xVnother 
 table in Mr. l'"ilwards' book gives comparisons of 
 total bituminous coal receipts in the Cincinnati 
 markets for seventeen years, show'ing — 
 
 First- That in 1874-5 Kanawha coal receipts in 
 Cincinnati were about one-fifih of the Pittsburg coal 
 receiiits. and that in 1890 and 1891 Kanawha coal 
 receipts ha<l increased to almost one-half of Pitt.s- 
 burg coal receipts. 
 
 Second — That in 1874-5 Kaiiawlia coal receipts 
 were about one-fourth less than all l>ituminous coal 
 receipts other than Pittsburg, and in 1890-1 Kana- 
 wha coal receipts were over twice as much. 
 
 Third — That while in 1874-5 Kanawha coal re- 
 ceipts equaled one-eighth of all bituminous coal 
 received in Cincinnati markets, in 1890-1, Kanawha 
 coal receipts had grown to be over one-fourth of all, 
 and in an increasing market. 
 
 Fourth — That in seventeen years Kanawha coal 
 had gained on Pittsburg coals 2G per cent ; gained 
 on all other bituminous coals 140 per cent, and 
 on an increasing market 14 per cent. 
 
Lumber. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. 
 
 Next ill iiiiiiortaiR-c to tliL' coal industry of the 
 Kaiiawlia Valley is that of lumber. Fnmi 1 '2,000 
 to lo.nOD jjerson"?; are eugaped in euttin<; timber and 
 manul'aeturinfiit into lumber lor buildini: and otlier 
 purjioses. The lumlier industry is yet in its in- 
 fancy, for as new railroad lines which are now l)eing 
 pushed into the untouclicd forests of hard woods, 
 makinp them accessible to market, this industry 
 will increase. 
 
 Other Industries. 
 
 The industries of tin- Kanawlia Vallry are nu- 
 merous and varied. They include, besides niinin<; 
 coal and manufacturing lumber, the quarrying and 
 marketing of building stone, manufacturing of 
 building and paving brick, mining fire (lay, manu- 
 facture of tobacco and cigars, woolen fabrics, wagons, 
 carts, coaches and buggies, building boats, manufac- 
 ture of furniture, milling, agriculture, horticulture, 
 &e 
 
 Charleston is not, in any sense, a boom town, but 
 its growtli has been healthy, substantial and rapid. 
 The steady increase of the o"utput of its factories and 
 the expansion of the trade of its merchants have 
 never been retarded by financial panic^s and busi- 
 ness depressions. 
 
 By Rail. 
 
 lI.VKLKstON is fortunately situated with 
 regard to direct connections with the sur- 
 'roiiiiiling country by railroads running in all 
 lirections. 
 
 The ('liesai>eake and Ohio railway, which touches 
 Charleston, traverses the Kanawlia and New River 
 valleys on the south bank, giving to Charleston ;a 
 trunk line i-as/wanf through the timber, coal and 
 coking regions west of the Alleghenies and direct 
 rail connections with the Ea.^t, Northeast and South- 
 east, and 7i'est7i'<irJ. giving the city direct rail con- 
 nections with the West, Northwest and Soutliwest. 
 The trunk line of the C. ^- (). Railway lietween the 
 East and West is fed with an immense local traflie 
 in West Virginia by numerous short branches run- 
 ning out from the main line, north and south to the 
 coaland coking works and the various manufiictur- 
 ing plants now being established in the interior. 
 
 The Kanawlia and Michigan railway whose north- 
 ern terminus is at Toledo. Ohio, and southern 
 terminus at Gauley Bridge, West Vairginia, 3S miles 
 east of Charleston, where it connects with the C. A- ( ). 
 main line by means of a steel bridge s])anning the 
 New River, traverses the Kanawha Valley on the 
 
north hank of tlu' river, passes througli Charlc-ston. 
 jiarallcling the Kanawha river for 05 miles and the 
 ('. <V- (). Iiaihvay for 53 miles. 
 
 Thus the two railroads, (the C. it 0. R'y and the 
 K. it M. K'y), and the (Jreat Kanawha river give to 
 Charleston three competing lines of transportation, 
 east and west, and putting freight rates down to the 
 minimum. The Kanawha and Michigan railway 
 also connects with the C. & O. short line which mns 
 up the valley of the Gauley, and which, when com- 
 pleted, will connect with the West Virginia and 
 Pittshurg railway (a member of the Camden system) 
 at t'aniden-on-(iauley. The t'amden svstem consists 
 of a net work of railroa<l lines covering the interior 
 of the State immediately north of Charleston. 
 
 The Charleston, Clendennin and Sutton Railroad 
 is an independent short line road running out from 
 Charleston up the valley of the Elk river It was 
 built mainly by Charleston capitalists, and is de- 
 signed, first, to open up and develop the rich coal 
 deposits of the Elk valley, together with the other 
 minerals and timber of that country; and second, to 
 furnish a direct rail line to the interior of the State, 
 connecting at Sutton with the CJamden system of 
 roads. The C. C. & S. is now constructed and in 
 operation as lar as Clendennin, 21 miles north of 
 Charleston, and the work of constructing the road 
 will be pushed ahead as speedily as possible till Sut- 
 ton is reached. 
 
 The following table shows the distance from Char- 
 leston to the principal points east and west: 
 
 (iOING EAST. 
 
 South Kull'ner 2 
 
 SiKiw Hill 4 
 
 Daiui ■"> 
 
 Maiden I> 
 
 lliirninu Springs .H 
 
 Piatt i» 
 
 I'.niwnstdwn 10 
 
 Witclicrs ll' 
 
 Winifri'ile I'! 
 
 Slirewslmry li> 
 
 Ciialburf.' 17 
 
 CiMJar (imve IS 
 
 Riverside I'D 
 
 I'aint Creek L'L' 
 
 R(ie 23 
 
 Ilandley -'4 
 
 Miintfromery 2(i 
 
 Cannelton 2(i 
 
 lOagle L'9 
 
 i\It. Carbon ., :il 
 
 I.onp Creek :!- 
 
 Kanawlia Falls "iii 
 
 (ianli'V :'>S 
 
 Cnttnl'l Hill 4.-. 
 
 Hawk's Nest 4.') 
 
 Favette oO 
 
 Xuttall 52 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Caperton .Vi 
 
 Sewcll T)? 
 
 Fire Creek 5il 
 
 Tluirinond ()3 
 
 Stone Clifl' (i-i 
 
 MeKendree 71 
 
 I'rinee 74 
 
 Quinniniont 7o 
 
 Ilinton it7 
 
 Taleott 107 
 
 Lowell lO'.l 
 
 Alderson IKS 
 
 Fort Spring 12-") 
 
 Konccvertc 131 
 
 White Sulphur 142 
 
 Covington, Va 10" 
 
 Clifton Forge 17i> 
 
 Staiuiton 2;)li 
 
 Cliarlottshillc 27:! 
 
 Washington :«8 
 
 Haltiuiore 481 
 
 Hichniond oilll 
 
 Newjiort News 444 
 
 Old IN.int 4o4 
 
 Philadelphia 5:57 
 
 New York (117 
 
GOING WEST. 
 
 Elk City 
 
 West Charli'ston 
 
 Hlack Biiiiil 
 
 Mimnd 
 
 Spring Hill 
 
 Kawn 
 
 Farm 
 
 St. Albans 
 
 Satti-s 
 
 Lewis 
 
 Miles. 
 1 
 
 Lock Seven 
 
 Poca 
 
 Scott 
 
 Ravnionil Citv 
 
 Cade's : 
 
 (iueen City 
 
 Hurricane 
 
 Heil House 
 
 Midwav 
 
 Miltnn" 
 
 s 
 AM. 
 . ]■-' 
 . 18 
 . 14 
 ,. IS 
 . Ill 
 . 1!) 
 . 21 
 
 2(i 
 36 
 
 l-.utlal.i 
 
 Ona 
 
 Harboursville 
 
 (4uyanilotte 
 
 Huntinj.'lon 
 
 Kello^'}.' 
 
 Ceredii 
 
 Kenova 
 
 Toint I'leasant.... 
 
 Catlettsl)ur<.' 
 
 (ialliiKiIis 
 
 Ashland 
 
 MiddleiMirt 
 
 Russell (I ronton) 
 
 Athens 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 JIaysville 
 
 Colunilius 
 
 Covintrtcn iKy.l. 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Mile 
 
 . 36 
 . 36 
 . 41 
 . 47 
 ,. 50 
 
 .74 
 
 .. 55 
 . 57 
 . 57 
 . 60 
 . 61 
 . 66 
 . 6<» 
 . 70 
 .106 
 .107 
 .14S 
 .191 
 .210 
 .212 
 
 The roatl.s, leading out from Charleston in five 
 flifterent directions, furnish railroad facilities on- 
 joyed by but few cities of its size in the country. 
 Leaving Charleston you can reach Huntington in 
 1:19 (one hour and nineteen minutes); Cincinnati, 
 o:44; Point Plea.sant. 2:lo : Gallipoli.s, 2:45 ; Colum- 
 bus, 8:30: Parkcrsburg, 6:00; Wheeling, 10:00; 
 Montgomery, :44 ; Hinton, 2:53; White Sulphur 
 Springs. 4:31 : Clifton Forge. 5:4S : Staunton, 7:57; 
 Charlottesville. 9:14; Richmond, 13:23; Newport 
 
 News, 15:58; Old Point. IC.;:;:',: Washington. 12:45; 
 Baltimore, 13:57; Philadeli)hia, l(i:08; New York, 
 18:43. A business man can leave Charleston at 7 
 o'clock in the evening, after business hours and ar- 
 rive in New York at 1 o'clock the next day, trans- 
 act business in that city and leave at 5 o'clock on his 
 return and reach Charleston the next day at 12:40 
 (noon) being absent from home only 41 hours and 
 40 minutes. 
 
 By Water. 
 
 Charieston is fortunately located also with refer- 
 ence to water transportation. It is situatetl on the 
 north bank of the (Jreat Kanawha river, which Hows 
 into the Ohio at Point Pleasant, 26:> miles below^ 
 Pittsburg, and which opens up toshipiters the entire 
 inland water way of the continent, for all Ohio and 
 Missi.ssipj)i ports, affording over 16,000 miles of in- 
 land water navigation. The construction by the 
 United States government, of a s])leiidid system of 
 locks and dams on the Kanawha, which is now 
 nearly comjdeted, gives to the river a navigable 
 dej)th of water of six feet at all times, and affords 
 a means of cheap trans|)ortation not surjia.ssed by 
 that of any other inland city in the United States. 
 The object of the construction of the locks and dams 
 in the Kanawha river was to give a C(mstant naviga- 
 ble depth of water of six feet from Point Pleasant, 
 wdiere the Kanawha joins the Ohio, 5Si miles west of 
 Cliarleston. to the foot of Loujt creek shoals. 26 miles 
 
Look anil Dam Xo 6, four Mili-s bfl'iw '"liark'slcui. Xirw of part of th<' i>aiii 'Ihf ■■Naviiration Pass" part) (hiriiis fomilriiclioii. ImshN- of i!n' 
 
 cofTer dam iif\t l<> llie luck. TIk' foutiUatioiis of tliis part of tin- work ar<' slmwii lu-arly runiplrii'd Om- ujckct and nni' hrlilizc trrstli- arc stand iii<: in 
 
 1)laee next to tlii' lock wall. Several wicket horses and props, ready to n-c.-ivi' llif wickt-ts, an' also itccI in jdar-i-. oiIht irons, as hurtcr.s. tn-stlc 
 joxes. t,Vc.. also partly placed. 
 
east of C'hark'Ston, iiKikinjj a cmitimious slack water 
 navigation of SlOi miles, tln> slack water reaching GA 
 miles above the tirst lock ami dam. 
 
 The movable clams on the Kanawha river were the 
 first constructed in Amerii'a. Their usefulness and 
 adajjtability are now thoroughly recognized and 
 established" The dams are kept uj) while the water 
 is low to jiroduce the required navigable depth in tlie 
 river (6 feet), and down during seasons of high 
 water to permit boats to pass over. Their advantage 
 over the ordinary fixed dams for commerce on a 
 river such as the (Ireat Kanawha, are very decided. 
 as they furnish a navigable stage of water without 
 its usiial drawbacks. With fixed dams everything 
 must pass through the locks, and with them navi- 
 gation is entirely suspended when the river is nearly 
 or quite above the lock walls. With movable dams 
 the locks are used only when the natural stage of 
 water is so low as to render them necessary to ]iro- 
 duce the required navigable depth. At all other 
 times the dams lay down tlat on the lied of the river, 
 out of the way, aflording unobstructed navigation. 
 This is a great advantage to all classes of (ommerce. 
 and it is particularly so with coal, which is trans- 
 ported to market in fleets of large barges. It will of 
 course be understood that more barges can be taken 
 by a tow-boat and better time made on an ojien 
 river, where there is sufficient water for such navi- 
 gation, than when the stage of water is so low as to 
 render the locks and dams neeessarv. Another ad- 
 
 vantage derived from the movalile dams, and a very 
 decided one, is the wash and scour that is given to 
 the banks of the river by the strong current when 
 the dams are down. 
 
 The following table taken from the report of Mr. 
 A. M. Scott, assistant U. S. Engineer to W. P. 
 Craighill, and published in the annual report of the 
 Chief of Engineers of the U. S. Government, shows 
 the principal tonnage of freight shijjped on the 
 Kanawha river for the year ending June 30, 1893: 
 
 AKTICLE.'<. 
 
 .1^' -ENTITY. 
 
 Coal (l)upliels) 
 
 Timber (feet li. M.) 
 
 Oak sty 
 
 Tanliaik (cords) 
 
 Ilodjiimles 
 
 Railroad Ties 
 
 .<liiiit.'les 
 
 Brick 
 
 Mdse., etc., by steamboats.. 
 
 Total. 
 
 22,!)S:?,000 
 
 l'i»,.S()0,IM)(l 
 
 1,717,S()0 
 
 (>SL' 
 
 s:t',0(Ki 
 
 ."i7(l.<KM) 
 
 L',S.">().I)(X) 
 
 L'.')0,llOll 
 
 ToX.SAliK. 
 
 <I1!I,(MK) 
 
 4S,(X)0 
 
 .'),»)( H) 
 
 (!S-2 
 
 •_',()S() 
 
 S."),.50() 
 
 430 
 
 (i2."i 
 
 .53,S0<) 
 
 l,ll(v5:?7 
 
 The total tonnage on the great Kanawha river for 
 181)2, as shown by the government authorities was 
 1,360.750 tons. " The shipment of coal by river 
 that vear was 20,787,788 bushels (1,071,511 tons). 
 The temiwrary falling ofif in 1892 was no doubt due 
 to the general business depression and a remark- 
 
IjOck 1111(1 Dniii No 7. 
 «;i!l. ilflrr llii- I'ciiliph'li 
 
 hi'iuii ' nil llic swin":.' < 
 
 uiii' luiU- Im'Iow SL Alljiiiis Inside (if Isl 
 Ml of ttiis |»:irl of rhc roinHl:iri(nis. Oin' u 
 ir fin hesc'ile. 
 
 <liiiii for Nuvl^iiiion Ttiss. ut'.M tci lock 
 •vic'i- Itrid^c tn-sth' ill | laci-— the Hioivct 
 
ably low water season in tiie lower or uuiniiaovcd 
 part of the Kanawha and in the Ohio 
 
 As will be seen by tlic foregoinfj table eoal is the 
 principal product shi])ped to the market. The 
 manner of shipping coal on the Kanawha and Ohio 
 rivers is by means of barijes towed by steam tugs or 
 "tow boats". It secures remarkably cheap transiior- 
 tation. the freight rates being the lowest (probably 
 without exi'e|)tion) of any inland transportation in 
 the world. The coal barges themselves, considering 
 their capacity and service, are cheap carriers They 
 cost from SSOO to SI, 200 and last aliout ten years. 
 The barges are generally about 130 feet long, 25 feet 
 wide anil 7i feet deep. A Iiarge carries from 10,000 
 to 14,000 bu.shels. or from 400 to SGO tons of coal. 
 The average, 1,200 buslicls or 480 tons, ecjuals the 
 capacity of a railroad train of 20 cars of 20 tons 
 each. A small tow of 4 barges, easily handled by a 
 small tow boat and j)asse<l through the locks when 
 the dams are up at one lockage, have nearly or (piite 
 50,000 bushels, or 2,000 tons, enough to fill 10 
 freight cars of 20 tons each. In open navigation a 
 tow boat handles from 4 to 14 barges, the number 
 depending upon the stage of the liver and the size 
 of the tow Ixjat. On the Ohio, from the mouth of 
 the Kanawha down, the Kanawha tow l)oats handle 
 from 14 to .'U barges. A fleet of 30 barges carries 
 about 37").(KJ() bushels or lo,000 tons. It is ascer- 
 tained that this amount of coal loaded into 20 ton 
 cars would equal the amount contained in 30 rail- 
 
 road trains of 2") cars each, or a continuous train of 
 car.s oh miles long. 
 
 The general rate for towing coal from the Charles- 
 ton pool to Cincinnati is one cent i)er bushel, or 25 
 cents per ton Operatoi's who hire liarges |iay half a 
 cent a bushel rent for the barge, making the cost of 
 the transportation of coal to Cincinnati to o])erators 
 who hire both barges and towing, H cents per 
 bushel, or 37i cents per ton. This includes the re- 
 turn of the empty barge to the mine. The rate to 
 Cincinnati, a distance from Charleston of 2((3 miles 
 by the river, is one-seventh of a cent per ton per 
 mile. For longer di.stances, or to points on the Ohio 
 and Mississippi below Cincinnati, the rates per mile 
 are much less. The rates from Cincinnati to Louis- 
 ville and points between, average about lOi cents 
 jter ton, making the cost from the Charleston pool 
 to Louisville, including towing and rent and return 
 of barge, 48 cents jier ton. The distance from 
 Charleston to Louisville being 304 miles, makes the 
 rate 1 21-100 mills per ton ])er mile. These rates, it 
 will be .seen, are for comparatively short distances. 
 A considerable quantity of Kanawha coal is towed 
 to points on the lower Mississii)pi, as far down as 
 New Orleans. The distance from Charleston to 
 New Orleans is 1,770 miles, and the rate lor the 
 transportation of coal to that point is SL25 jier ton, 
 or about one-fourteenth of a cent per ton ])er mile. 
 The average rate by rail is one-third of a cent per 
 mile. 
 
Lock and Djini No. 7. Showing inside of ]Bt section of Coffer dam for navitjatioii jnss. nt-xt lo llie lock wall, afterconipletioii of tiiis imrt nf tlic t«iiind:i- 
 tions. One wicketand one service bridpe trestle in place— both lyins down. 
 
Tliese are the rates that pivvail on the river at 
 present, but as tlie construction of the locks antl 
 dams progresses and business increases, the tendency 
 is all the time to lower rates. The rates given aliove 
 apply to operators who liire both Ijargesand towing. 
 To operators wlm own their own barges, or tow- 
 boats, or both, as many of the princii>al operators on 
 the river do, the cost of transportation is very much 
 decrca.sed. These rates, it must also be remembered, 
 are for trans]iortation over the river in its present 
 condition, three of the locks and dams being vet 
 uncom])leted. 
 
 The benefits to result from the com])letion of the 
 three remaining locks and dams (now under con- 
 struction and to l)eeonii)leted in ISiKi), not alone t" 
 Charleston and the (ireat Kanawha Valley Init to 
 the entire region of the lower Ohio and Mississi|i])i 
 valleys, in the interest of cheap transportation, are 
 obvious and important The daily guage record 
 kei>t at Charleston, on the Kanawha and at Point 
 Pleasant ontheOhio (at the mouth of the Kanawha) 
 for a period of eleven years, shows that at Charles- 
 ton the gauge read (> feet or more, on an average of 
 140 days in the year, while on the Ohio river at 
 Point Pleasant the guage read (i feet or more on an 
 average of 251 days in the year, or in otlier words, 
 there was a natural boating stage in the Ohio river 
 111 days more in the year than in the Kanawlia. 
 This was. of course, before the locks and dams were 
 built which furnished n iiool stage at and below 
 
 Charleston. This record shows that without locks 
 and dams on the Kanawha, coal can l)e shipped on 
 the Ohio from Point Pleasant down a considerable 
 longer time (111 days) in the year than on the 
 Kanawha Piver.and indicates the iinmenseadvantage 
 to be derived by Charleston and the Kanawha by 
 the cohiplction of the .system of locks and dams, 
 which will givea boating .stageon the Kanawha river 
 the wiiole year around. 
 
 These facts and figures in regard to the river im- 
 provement, manner and rates of tran.sportation. i<:c.. 
 are taken from the official re]>orts of Mr. A. .M. 
 Scott. C S. resident engineer, to Col. Win. P. 
 Craighill. ])ublislied in tiie reports of the Chief of 
 Engineers. The following extract is also from one 
 of these reports (that for IS.S'.l). In that report Mr. 
 Scott says : 
 
 "The coni])letion of tlie slack water improvement 
 will practically put the Kanawha coal fields much 
 nearer market. On corresponding stages of water 
 in the Ohio and Great Kanawha the same tow boat 
 takes nearly or (piite three times as many barges in 
 a fleet in the Ohio from the mouth of the (neat Ka- 
 nawha down as can be handled safely in the latter 
 stream. This is owing mainly to the diHereiK-e in 
 the width of the two rivers. Conse(|nently it always 
 takes a tow boat at least three days in the Kanawha 
 after a ri.<e begins, to get through enough i>arges to 
 the mouth of the river, to make a full fleet or "tow" 
 for the Ohio. It often hap]>ens, too. that the Kana- 
 
 4 
 
Lock and Dam Nri 0. Sliowiii;; thn Dam ii}>. Viow taken from the abutment side. Tow-boat with empty coal barges just passing out or ilio 
 lock. Pan or the Wfir of the rtnni is o) en. a few of the weir wicKi'ls and Ijridae trestles next to the abutment itlie alnitiiienl is not show ii in tin' 
 picture!, liavint; I u put down on jo-i-ount ot a small rise in the river. 
 
wha rise will run out" before the tow in made up. 
 It is well known that when a coal hoat rise occurs at 
 Pittsi)urg ami on the Great Kanawha at the same 
 time, the Pittsburg tows pass Point Plea.smt before 
 the Kanawha tows are ready to start from there. 
 Thi.s "iloubling" in the Kanawha to get a lleet ready 
 to start from the mouth represents, lioth in time and 
 expense, fully three hundred miles in distance, with 
 full tows in the Ohio. After the slack water im- 
 I)rovenient is completed the great part of the coal 
 mined for river shijmient during low water stages 
 (/. (•. when the movable dams are up) will be 
 locked down to the mouth aliout as /ast as the 
 barges are loaded, with smaller tow boats, too, and 
 less ex])ense than now, and held there ready to go 
 down the Ohio as the water in that stream admits. 
 The slack water will be of great advantage, too, in 
 affording reliable navigation for the nrturn of empty 
 barges. There is much troui)le now about this in low 
 stages and it is a freijuent cause of suspension at the 
 mines. In short, the continuation of the locks and 
 dams to the mouth of the river will not only or 
 quite double the time for shii)ping coal, but will, in 
 ettect, put the great Kanawha coal fields about 300 
 miles nearer the markets of the lower Ohio and 
 Mississippi valleys." 
 
 Since this report was written two additional locks 
 and dams have been completed, (Nos. 7 and N), and 
 about "20 miks of .slack water has been added thereby 
 to the slack water system of the Great Kanawha 
 
 river, aHbrding already much of the a<lvaiitages 
 which Mr. Scott anticipates for the Kanawha ship- 
 pers when the locks and dams shall have been com- 
 pleted to the mouth of the river. As lias already 
 been stated, the .system will be finished within two 
 years, the contracts providing that the remaining 
 locks and dams, Nos. 9, 10 and 11, now under con- 
 struction, shall be comi)leteil in the year 1S9(J. 
 
 Practically speaking, the comi)letion of theCJov- 
 ernnient improvement of tiie Kanawha river will 
 transfer, in a very large measure, the immense coal 
 industry of the Pittsburg region to the Kanawha 
 Valley, as Pennsylvania coal operators cannot suc- 
 cessfully compete with the Kanawha operators in 
 the markets of the lower Ohio and Mississii)pi val- 
 leys after the V. S. Government completes its system 
 of locks and damson the Kanawha river. 
 
 These locks and dams being constructed and op- 
 erated l)y the (fovernnient, the shipper is at no ex- 
 pense, whatever, in the way of tolls or charges for 
 lockage — another advantage of Kanawha coal opera- 
 tors over their Pennsylvania competitors who have 
 to pay tolls of from '2A to 7i cents on every ton of 
 coal shipj)ed on the Monongahela river. 
 
 Soni° classes of real estate in Charleston have 
 trebleil in value within the last six or eight years. 
 This is the result of the rai>iil building up of indus- 
 tries in and about the citv. 
 
-> 
 
 >"T— — pijiMiinfrTiT^"-""' 
 
 1 'tiVk ^ 
 
 
 
 \'icH(Hi tln'(irf!tt K!in:iwti:i 
 is ccinTilll.v -JS Ifcl widi'. 130 Ic 
 
 
 A lliM't of loudfil 
 draught fruin (i to 
 
 fi:il 1 :iri.'HS (with twii tow lion Is.) tied up in The No. ti or Clmrlfstoii I'ool. A c'(.ml lijirjii* 
 ri.il. C:!! :i.-il,\ loioli.l 1(1 (i'/4 li'i'l is :ibout 14,000 btislu'ls or 560 tons. 
 
A PROSPECTIVE VIEW. 
 
 Ill*; industrial dovolopinent of the Kanawha 
 i> ytt scarcoly begun. The eomiiletion of the 
 lines of railroads now under eonstruction 
 ami the huildiiifr of the other lines soon to 1)0 
 begun will open up vast fields of tinilier and min- 
 erals yet untouclied by railway lines. The Charles- 
 ton, Clendennin and Sutton railroad, now und(M- 
 construction and soon to be coni])leted to Sutton, <S() 
 miles north of Chai'leston, where it connects with 
 the West N'irginia and PittsV>urg railroad, will open 
 up the Elk Valley territory, rieli in minerals and 
 timber, anil witii the opening ol the coal mines, the 
 building of coke ovens and the establishment of 
 lumber manufactories along the Elk river will con- 
 tribute a large trade to Charleston. 
 
 The valley of the Gauley is also being opened up 
 l)y a new branch of the Chesapeake it Ohio railway. 
 This is another territory rich in natural resources, 
 and the completion of this road, whicli is also to con- 
 nect with tlie West \'irginia and Pittsburg road, 
 will result in opening up valuable industries which 
 will be tributary to ('harleston. 
 
 Far the most important line of railway now in 
 comteni))lation. and which will likely l)c completed 
 within the next two or three years, is the Chesapeake 
 it Ohio line, which will bcL'in at Huntington, run 
 
 u]) the (iuyandotte river to I-ogan Court lIou.se, 
 tlience through Logan and Wyoming counties, in 
 each of which the coal and timber are yet almost 
 untouched, to the head-waters of the Guyandotte, 
 where the mountain will be tunnelled to unite this 
 branch with tiie Piney river branch leading out 
 from the C di O. main line in Raleigh countj'. This 
 line is to be constructed for a two-fold purpose, first, 
 to give the C. Ot O. railway a |)arallel track through 
 the coal and timber regions of southern West Vir- 
 ginia, and stcond. to get possession of the territory 
 lying between the two lines in order to develo]) the 
 minerals of this region. The Vandcrbilts. who havi' 
 a controlling interest in the C. it O. Railway Com- 
 }»any, have ])urcha.sed large tracts of timber and 
 mineral lands in this territory, and this new line is 
 to be Ijuilt for the purpose of bringing the products 
 of this immense territory to market. 
 
 It is expected that by the fir.st of August. 1894, 
 work will be begun on the con.-^truction of the Coal 
 River railroad, which is to begin at St. Albans, 
 twelve miles west of Charleston, and run up the 
 Coal river to the jun<'tion of 15ig and Little Coal and 
 thence one line up eacli Big and Little Coal rivers to 
 reach the rich bcils of coal and forests of valual>le 
 hard wood timber to be found in great abundance in 
 the coal river basin. John 1). Hockafeller, the mil- 
 lionaire oil king, is interested in the construction of 
 this roach and it will likely be pushed through with- 
 out delay. The development of tlie Coal River 
 
<'ouiitry will lir III' imiiienso value to Chai-let^ton, as 
 all the trade (if that CDiiiitrv eomes tn the Capitol 
 City. 
 
 A coiupany hiu- heeii cirganized to hiiilda railroad 
 to begin at Belva, on the Gauley River in Nicholas 
 ■county, and run to the mouth of Blue C'reek, on the 
 Elk River, in Kanawha eounty. This road will con- 
 nect with liotli the C. c^- O., short line on Gauley 
 river and the Charleston. Clondennin and Sutton on 
 P^lk river and is designed to develop a new territory 
 of minerals and timber. 
 
 A company has just been formed to build a rail- 
 road to l)egin at Cannelton, '2(i miles east of Charleston 
 and run u]i liell creek to open up the <-oal and tim- 
 ber of tliat territory. 
 
 Numerous short line railroads running out from 
 the trunk line of the C. iV: O. R'y, have already been 
 constructed, anil they are i-apidly developing the 
 country through which they penetrate. Among 
 those are the Kanawha and Coal River railroad uj) 
 Davis creek, 15 miles long ; Fields Creek road. (1 
 miles long; Cabin Creek road, 15 miles long; Paint 
 Creek road, (1 miles long ; Armstrong Creek road, 6 
 miles long; Morris Creek road, 7 miles long. 
 
 Nuuit'rous other short lirnnihrs will be cdnstructed 
 within the next year. 
 
 With the completion (if the railroads now under 
 construction and .soon to be constructed, and the 
 completion of the slackwater navigation ou the 
 Kanawha, the coal, timl)er, and other industries of the 
 Kanawha Valley will be increased ten-fold within 
 the next live or six years, as there are raw materials 
 hert! for a large variety of manufactories, such as 
 the mining of tire-clay, iron-ore, the boring for and 
 production of ]ietroleuiu. rock and carbon oils, the 
 manufacture (if vai'idus kinds of brick, crockeiy 
 ware and pottery ware. 
 
 TO HOME SEEKERS. 
 
 i-L those who are .seeking new homes or 
 (ipportutunities for the investment of cajiital, 
 (OJ -* wheri' handsome profits can be realized, are in- 
 vited to come to Charleston and .satisfy them.selves 
 of the unsurpassed advantages offered here. 
 
Ward's Marine Boiler Worl<s. 
 
 Amimj; the Icatlinn; industries of Charleston are 
 tlie Wanl Marino Water Tube Boiler and Engineering 
 Works, owned and oi)erated by 
 Mr. Charles Ward. These bni lens 
 are oelel^rated everywhere for 
 their great strength, niininiuni 
 weight, maximum generative 
 power, compactness, absolute 
 safety, rapid cirrulatinn, dry 
 steam, ease of transportation and 
 repair. They are specially adapt- 
 ed to ocean vessels, as they sus- 
 tain the vibratory motions of 
 steam vessels, yachts, packets, 
 tugs , etc. They are fitted and 
 furnished complete at the works 
 with ash pans, grates, casing, fire 
 brick and fire tile lining, smoke 
 hood, smoke stack, patent i>op 
 safetv valves of legal area, steel 
 combination water column, with 
 glass water gauge, dry cocks and 
 blow off valves, in accordance 
 with the requirements of the 
 United States inspection laws. Each boiler is tested 
 to 300 pounds hydraulic jiressure before leaving 
 the works. The construction of these generators 
 is very simple and consequently there is but 
 
 little loss of time in making repairs. They are 
 used in the muddiest o:' rivers and are easily 
 cleansed. They are so arranged that the mud 
 does not collect in the various ])arts, but upon enter- 
 
 ing the boiler, it is at once i)rccipitated to the bottom 
 of an interior cylendar, from which it is expelled 
 very easily l)y blowing off. iSteam engineering has 
 been in a great measure revolutionized by the intro- 
 
ductioii of the Ward Steam ( i(iicnit"is. tlicv liavini: 
 l)cen the first water tiihe steam u'eiierators to be iiscil 
 by the United States \avv and Merchant Marine. 
 Since their first introduction into tlie service they 
 have rapidly come into great favor and are now in 
 use upon a large nuniher of vessels, both in the Uni- 
 ted States Navy and the Merchant Marine. The 
 great battle sliip Monterey, l)uilt for .service as a 
 coast defense vessel, is fitted with the Ward Boilers. 
 Hundreds of private yachts, cutters, launches and 
 other vessels pro]ielled by steam jiowcr carry the 
 Ward Boilers, and the owners of these vessels after 
 a thorough trial of the boilers sjx'ak of them in the 
 highest terms of jiraise. 
 
 Mr. Chas. Ward, the in\-entor of these boilers, and 
 owner of the woi-ks, is recognized as a high autliority 
 on steam engineering by ship owners and marine 
 people generally throughout the country. He is a 
 meml)er of the Society of American Mechanical En- 
 gineers, a mcmlicr of the Society of Naval Archit"ets 
 and Marine Engineers, and of the American Societv 
 of Naval Engineers. He was also a niendu'r of the 
 Advi.sory Council of the International Engineers' 
 Congress of tlie M'orld's Fair. 
 
 The Ward I5oiler Works is a large i>lant. Its 
 12,000 square feet of floor sjiace is covered with the 
 most inipproved machinery, and yet Mr. Ward is 
 pushed to keej) up witli the orders which are crowd- 
 ing in ujion him. The increase of work recently 
 has necessitated tlie working of over-time. Bi'siiles 
 
 the large force of artisans employed at the works, 
 Ward has gangs of men at work at .leffersonville, 
 Ind . and i^nttalo., N. Y., placing these boilers on 
 vessels. Among the recent shi])nients of steam 
 generators or lioilers from these works, is a large 
 one to Buffalo, New York, for the revenue cutter, 
 '"Calumet;" two large boilers to San Francisco for 
 (Jovcrnnient launches, one for a ferry-boat at the 
 Cioxernnii-nt Training Station, New])ort, R. I ; two 
 very large boilers for th(> new steel liull tow-boat 
 •■ Mascotte," of the Kanawha and Ohio Transporta- 
 tion Co.. building at .b'llri-sonville, Ind. Tliere is 
 now nearly completed at the \\'orks two large 
 boilers for tlie i>assenger steamer ''Uniiiue,'" for 
 ser\ice on the lakes, which is to make "25 miles jier 
 hour, .\ boiler has just been shi])ped from the 
 Works for the yacht "Emily," at New York. 
 Boilers are now being constructed for the U. S. 
 Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md. Mr. Ward 
 makes a specialty of light draught steamers forri\er 
 use. 
 
 Those who desii'e information concerning Charles- 
 ton in addition to that contained in these pages are 
 iiiviteil to eori-es]ion(l with any of the business men 
 
 of the eitv. 
 

 BURLEW OPERA HOUSE. 
 
 Cliarlrston lias ono of the lini'st thtatre 
 liiiildings in the State. The Hurlew Opera 
 1 louse was constructed and opened to the i)uh- 
 lic October lo. 1891. It is located on Capitol 
 street and is a magnificent i)uildin<r of hanil- 
 .sonie architectural design and finish. It is 
 liuilt of hrick and hrown stone. The main en- 
 trance from Capitol street leads to the auilito- 
 rium on the ground floor, ahout 50 feet from 
 the street. ^Iain floor, the l>alc(jny and gal- 
 lery have a seating capacity of 1,.5(X). Besides 
 this, there are ten handsomely fitted and dec- 
 orated jirivate boxes. 
 
 The stage is 41x()5 feet; lieightii to rigging 
 loft .").') feet : width between girders -40 feet. 
 There are 12 well a|ppointed dressing rooms, 
 and on every hand are exits and fire escapes .so 
 that in case of fire the house could be readilv 
 emptied. There is steam heat, gas and electric 
 light. Taken altogether it is certainly a per- 
 fect theatre in point of accommodation, and 
 is ex<iuisitively decorated and has perfect ac- 
 cousti(' properties. The manager of the House 
 is Mr. X. ,'^. Burlew who is careful to list noth- 
 ing liut the best of attracti<ins obtainable. and tlie 
 l)cople endorse his course by liberal jiatrcmage. 
 
Tlic acconipanying portrait is tliat of Mr. Thomas 
 Popp, the Real Estate ami Insurance agent. Mr. 
 Popp is one of the most pushing and enterprising 
 liusiness nn-u of the city. He has been in business 
 for thirteen years and in that time has earned an 
 cnvial)le reputation as a careful and reliable business 
 man. His business as a real estate agent has brought 
 him into ccmtai't with large capitalists and land 
 owners in all parts of the country and he has 
 a large acquaintance throughout West Virginia and 
 adjoining states. He is a member of the National 
 Real Estate Congress, to which he was appointed by 
 Gov. MacCorkle to represent the third district of 
 West Virginia. Mr. Popp does a considerable bus- 
 iness in the management of estates, collecting rents, 
 paying taxes for non-residents, and attends tO every 
 detail in the real estate agency business. He has re- 
 cently been appointed agent of the Royal Fire In- 
 surance Company of Liverpool, one of the best in- 
 surance companies in the world. Mr. Popp has his 
 office in splendid quarters in the Washburn block 
 o2h Capitol street, where he will be glad to see those 
 who desire to buy or to sell city or suburban pro]> 
 erty or farming or coal and timber lands, or who de- 
 sire to place insurance in a good company. 
 
W. W. Branch Veneer and Lumber Works. 
 
 The aiioniiianving i'nf;ravin<; sliows the ])lant of 
 the W. W. Braiith, Wnecr ami Lumber Conipany. 
 Tliis corporation was orjiauized in. January. 1890, ami 
 is the successor of the firm of \\'. \V. liraiicl) i<: Co.. 
 established in (Jlen-Klk in the year 1S8."). Two 
 
 The i)riiilu(ts of this plant is absorbed by sewing 
 machine, cabinet and furniture makers, and the 
 trade wliich is with these (irms, ha.s continued for 
 many years and is rai)idly increasinj;. The product 
 of the W. W. Branch Veneer and Lumber Company 
 j^oes to all ]iarts of the country and into thousands 
 of households in the shape of .«ewinfr machines and 
 furniture of various kinds. 
 
 years i)rior to the incorporation, the business had 
 been very successful, and since that time the com- 
 panv ha.s had phenomenal success. The president, 
 Mr.'W. W. Branch, has had an experience in the 
 business of twenty-five years, ami has been foremost 
 in making' improvements in machinery to secure the 
 best results and perfection in Manufactured sto<:k. 
 
 DR. W. C. CARR, 
 
 High Art Dentistry 
 
 OF ALL KINDS. 
 
 ftrlificial leelh Placed on Gold Ffames, a Specialty, 
 
 EVERYTHING WARRANTED. 
 
 Rooms Corner Capitol and Virjj;inia Streets, 
 
 CHARLESTON, W. VA 
 
DEVEREUX LUMBER COMPANY, CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA. 
 
 The business to which this company succoeils 
 was iiu-orj)onitc(l in 1.S89 with A. Dcvcroux, Jr., 
 York Citv, Tr< 
 
 was organized in l.SS;; liy A. Dcvcivux. Jr. The <'(iini)anv 
 Prest.. A. W. Watrons. Vi,-,- I'rcst.. (!. W . Stoclvley. of New 
 lincipally engaged in nianu'acturing poplar 
 llidiiL'li they liMiiilli' (itlier liardwoinls.oak 
 .isli ami WMliiiit; and have sueeeeiled in 
 liuiliUnj; up a lartre trade in New Knjilaiid 
 and New York markets. They have the 
 reputation of uumufaetnnng an<l hand- 
 ling a hi^ili ,i;ra<!e of stock. They have an 
 extensive yard and a .Standard and Stur- 
 (levant dry kiln with adryiiif: capacity of 
 aliout 200,000 feet per week. They niann- 
 facliu-e from 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 ft. 
 per year, hut as they have their own 
 cli'ctrit'al plant they can easily double that 
 aniouid if reijuireil. They carry on tln'ir 
 pay rolls from 7.") to 100 men. They handle 
 nothiuf; l)Ut lirst-class stoek for which 
 I he Klk river is noted, it liein^r superior 
 ti> anythinji else in West Virginia. They 
 liave lately l>ut Automatic Sprinkles 
 throut-'hout their mill and dry kiln, have 
 ail alumdant water supi)ly. and are thor- 
 oughly eipiiiiped with fii'e hydrants. 
 They have iargelioomage facilities, plenty 
 of piling room and their shiiiping facili- 
 ties are unexcelled. They are ready to 
 serve the public in any grade or class of 
 stoek put up in any manner or shape the 
 market may require. 
 
LEADING BUSINESS MEN AND FIRMS OF CHARLESTON 
 
 ARCIiniXTS AND HCILDF.KS. 
 
 Jolni Fulks. o5!t (Jimrrior. 
 I). W. ])ail\%.')-2J ('a[)itol. 
 M. M. Husk. Elk. 
 Fuller iV McDirniott. Caiiitol. 
 George Henneniau, Capitnl. 
 Harrison Albright, Capitol. 
 
 ATTORN RYS-AT— LAW. 
 
 H. B. Smith. Kan. Val. B'k i)l(:rg. 
 J. D. Baines, Lynn Block. 
 F. L. Beardsley, Kanawha. 
 Broun Ar Broun. Kanawlia. 
 Brown, Jackson A- Knight. Kan. \'al. 
 
 Bank BuiMing. 
 Jos. Ruilner. Anderson building. 
 S. C. it F. V. Burdett, Anderson Id'd. 
 E. L. Buttrick, Ch. Nat. B'k. bid. 
 J. H. Couch, Gov't, building. 
 Couch. Flournoy it Price, K. V. B'k 
 
 Building. 
 Davis it Jones, Kanawha. 
 J. B. C. Drew, 27^ Capitol. 
 A. M. Hamilton. 75^ Ca])it')l. 
 Thos. D. Houston, Capitol. 
 
 Johnson, Watts it Ashby. Shrews- 
 bury Block. 
 Littlepage & .Stout, CJajiitol. 
 Albert Martin, Virginia. 
 Martin it Switzer, Cotton Block. 
 H. C. ct L. E. McWhnrter. Capitol. 
 J. H. Xash. -iSl Virginia. 
 G. W. Patton, -iSOJ^ Kanawha. 
 Pavne ct Green, Ch'n Nat. B'k. b'd'g 
 Russell G. (iuarrier, K. V. B'k b'l'd. 
 
 D. II. Samuels, ofi Capitol. 
 
 A. I). Shrewsbury, K. V. B'k b'l'd. 
 Sinuns, Enslow it Chilton, 75i Cap. 
 •lohn 1'.. Floyd, Alderson. 
 
 J. S. Swann, 2111 Kanawha. 
 T. B. Swann. •I'.n Kanawha. 
 J. F. Cork, 2'.n Kanawha. 
 Warth it Briggs. 27i Capitol. 
 
 E. \\. Wilson, W'il.son building. 
 
 C. W. Hall, Capitol. 
 
 D. C. Gallaiier, Ch. Xat. B'k b'l'd. 
 P. Fontaine, " '• '• " 
 
 B. S. Morgan, " " " 
 John Thayer, 75i Cajiitol. 
 
 C. P. Snyder, 27i Capitol. 
 
 (has. M. Alderson, 75i Capitol. 
 W. H. Morris, Clendennin. 
 \V. S. Edwards. K. V. B'k b'l'd. 
 Kennedy it Dyer, 27i Capitol. 
 Hubert L. Houston, Capitol. 
 S. B. Avis, Cai)itol. 
 H. O. Middleton, 27^ Capitol. 
 J. R. T. CarmichaelK. V, B'k l/l'd. 
 Mollahan it McClintic.Coyle it Rich- 
 ardson building. 
 
 liAKERS AND CO.NTIOCTIOSERS. 
 
 L. Cablish, :]2n (iuarrier. 
 
 John Narlz, Virginia. 
 
 Eagle Bakery, l") Summers. 
 
 Adam Young. 2S() Kanawha. 
 
 E. M. it A.L Young, 259 Kanawha. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 Kanawha Valley Bank, cor. Kanawha 
 
 and Cajtitdl. 
 Charleston National Bank, Capitol. 
 Citizen's National Bank, :5o Capitol. 
 Kanawha National Bank, 34 Capitol. 
 Commercial Savings B'k, 21 Capitol, 
 
HOOK UINDERS. 
 
 M. W. Donnally. 7i) Caititi)!. 
 
 West Vir<rinia I'l'intingC'o., Virginia. 
 
 BJOKS ANU STATION ICRY. 
 
 S. S. Moore & Son, 50 Cai)itol. 
 J. L. Fry. 47 Capitol. 
 Ri('har(l;ion Bro.<.. .■>() ('a])itiil. 
 :M. W, Dininally. Til Capitnl. 
 
 liOOT-j AM) SllOI'.S, 
 
 Palmer i^- Thoiuasf, 244 Kanawha. 
 J. D. Jeffries, 270 Kanawha, 
 Golfll)arth iV: StraiL-^s, 2.")4 Kanawha. 
 Covle iS: Richardson. Capitol. 
 Petty I*;.- Werth(!iinei', 2;> Cajntol. 
 .lelenko A- Loeh, (Wholesale) 2(;4 
 
 Kanawha. 
 M. H. May, 214 Kanawha. 
 May Shoe Co., 2S0 Kanawha. 
 Payne Shoe Co., ( Wlioli-sale) :_i2o 
 
 Virginia. 
 Uand I'i- (iosliorn, 2<S(i Kanawha. 
 Sample Shoe Co. 2S1 Virginia. 
 L. A. l5otkin, .'>(; Cai)itol. 
 Gus Tidth. \'irginia. 
 
 CIGAKS AXU TOIiACCO. 
 
 Joe Bellcr, 258 Kanawha. 
 W. E. Peaco, 2.'<7A Virginia. 
 
 CIVIL ENGINKKRS. 
 
 W. A. Sminuers, jyvnii Block. 
 W. A. liogue, ('ai)itol. 
 McDermott it Fuller, Capitol. 
 Jolm Howe Pevton. 
 
 A. H. Cami.heil, Ch. Nat. B'k li'lM. 
 N'enahle A- Vance, 54A Capitol. 
 
 CLOTHING. 
 
 Ph. Frankenhcrger, 242 Kanawha. 
 M. Bhiniherg, 19() Kanawha. 
 
 B. Hurvitz, 170 Kanawha. 
 Linns Bros. 216 Kanawha. 
 'SI. H. Mav, 214 Kanawha. 
 
 Petty A Wertheimer, 2-5-27 Capitol. 
 Philadelphia One Price Clothing 
 
 House. Cajjitol and Kanawha. 
 Schwabe, May i*c Co , 305 Kanawha, 
 (ins Stern, Kil-;] Clcndennin. 
 Famous Clothing House, 12, 11 and 
 
 15 Capitol. 
 U. S. Clothing House, 285 \'irginia. 
 Star Clothing House, Kanawha. 
 H. Cnrns. Kanawha. 
 
 COAL di:ali;rs. 
 
 Diamond Ice it Coal Co., 291 Kan. 
 P. R. Buddit Co., SOU'apitol. 
 Patrick Ryan, Capitol. 
 Frazier tt Franklin l^ros., Kanawha. 
 
 (ONKliCTlONKRS 
 
 L. Cablish, 320 Quarrier. 
 
 Eskew, Ewers it Co., Manufacturers, 
 
 22 Summers. 
 I. E. Nicliols, 27S Kanawha. 
 Tomei A Bruninni. 39,S-233 Kan. 
 
 niCNT'ISTS. 
 
 W. C. Carr, 3()i Capitol. 
 
 J. N. Mahan, I'nh " 
 
 Rogers A Butts, 250); Cai)itol. 
 
 K. K. Van Vlcck, 40l 
 
 A. II, Boyd, " '' 
 
 DRUGS AND MIOUICINKS 
 
 E. L. P.oggs, 40 Capitol. 
 
 F. F. Kappes it Co., cor. Clcndennin. 
 J. H. ^lavity, cor. ('ap, .-11111 X'irginia. 
 Scott Bros. 5.S Capitol. 
 
 Tyree it Hel wig, (wholesale) Cajiitol. 
 F! G. Schachleitcr. Capitol. 
 
 DRY GOODS .\ND NOTIONS. 
 
 Arnold, .Vlniey it Co., (wliolesale), 
 Virginia. 
 
 Jelenko it l>ro. (wholesale), 23() Ka- 
 nawha. 
 
 F. J. Daniels it Co., Capitol. 
 
 Biern it Friedman, 35 Capitol. 
 
 Coyle it Bichardson, Ca])itol. 
 
DRY G30DS AND NOTIONS.— Con«n««(i. 
 
 Val Fruth, 102 Kanawha. 
 Goldharth & Strauss. 234-(> Kan. 
 B. Hiirvitz. ITOKanawlia. 
 Rand A' (ioshorn. 2>il) Kanawha, 
 (nis Lotli. 
 
 StiTn iV- Schwahf. Clenilrnnin. 
 H. M. .\Uur(l, Court. 
 
 KXPORTKR OF TI.MliKR 
 
 Geo. M. Donaldson, CoyleA- I!. hTd. 
 
 KI.OUR .t FEKI) 
 
 Brown Bros., 71 Capitoh 
 
 The W. B. l)onnally,Co., 18 Sum'rs. 
 
 I. Seerv & Bro., K. it M. depot. 
 
 BihhyMillinfrCo., LovL'U. 
 
 L. A. Carr Milling Co., Clendenniu 
 
 and Kanawha. 
 <T. W. Clark, Kanawha. 
 Ashhy & Co., 3ol (^uarricr. 
 
 FURNrn'Ki': dealfrs. 
 
 (i.T. Barlow. L'12 Kanawha. 
 Dawley Furniture Co., 807-9 Vir- 
 ginia. 
 Truslow Furniture Co.. 2.jl) Kan. 
 John Cloxton, Kanawha 
 Lovell it Killinf'er, Kanawha. 
 
 GROCERIES AND l'R(;VlSIONS. 
 
 C. A. Gates, 42 Capitol. 
 
 H. L. Gebhart. 1.S4 Kanawha. 
 
 A. .1. lloi.stein. 1,S4 Cai)itol. 
 
 Samuel Jarrett, Alderson. 
 
 J. .1. Laidley, 2()l-2Gr) Kanawha. 
 
 Leavitt it Jarrett, Court. 
 
 A. M. Lovd, Capitol. 
 
 R. A. Marshall, 241 Kanawha. 
 
 Geo. S. Morgan, 74 Lovell. 
 
 Bradford Noyes, 38 Capitol. 
 
 Uuhv Bros., ]•') Capitol. 
 
 A. M. Rutt'ner, 2!).") Kanawha. 
 
 I. H. Snyder, 3.5 Clendennin. 
 
 Stewart. Kirker it Co., loo Kanawha. 
 
 Thos. Turner, Washiuiiton. 
 
 A. F. Wallen. 71 Lovell. 
 
 Beach ct Abbott, Clendennin. 
 
 C. C. Abbott, K. it M. depot. 
 
 J. Kline, Elk street. 
 
 Geo. Singleton. Court. 
 
 H. M. Allbrd. Court. 
 
 J. N. llutehinson. Court. 
 
 M. Orth, Young. 
 
 A. T. Cabell. Morris. 
 
 John Gilliland, Morris. 
 
 Crban C. Davidsim, W'a.shington. 
 
 .NL Via, Washington. 
 
 R. H. Harold, Washington. 
 
 T. O. M. Davis, Capitol. 
 
 \'oungs Grocery, Kanawha. 
 L. B. Olliver, Lovell. 
 Bovd it Mcintosh, State. 
 T. A. Wallace, Capitol. 
 Clark it Co., 347 Quarrier. 
 J. L. Ritter. Lovell. 
 C. C. (iebhart, Lovell. 
 
 G ROC E RI ES— W HO L ES A L E. 
 
 I'. H. Noyes & Co., Virginia it Hale. 
 Prince Dunn it Co , 316 Virginia. 
 RulTner Bros- 30() Kanawha. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AGENTS. 
 
 J. P. Clark, 327 Virginia. 
 C. W. Walker, 327 Virginia. 
 John L. Thornhill, Ca]>itol. 
 
 HARDWARE. 
 
 MarkelKt Co., (i!) Capitol. 
 X. S. Burlew, 2S4 Kanawha. 
 L. C. Gates, 27(5 Kanawha. 
 Gofehorn it Co., 247-249 Kanawha. 
 Proflitt it Christy, Clendennin. 
 Lowenstein it Son, Kanawha, 
 (ieo. W. (Jates, 31 Summers. 
 
 HOTI'LING WORKS. 
 
 C. E. West, Summers. 
 Chas. Capito. Kanawha. 
 
HOTELS. 
 
 llcilcl Itull'ncr, Kanawha ami Ilalc. 
 St. Albert Hotel, 222-4 Kanawha. 
 St. Cloud Hotel, 14.-) Kanawha. 
 St. Charles Hotel, Kanawha. 
 Centra] Hotel, Kanawha. 
 
 INSIR.VXCE AGENXIKS. 
 
 1». W. I'.itterson, Kanawha, 
 (io.-^horn'.-^ Insurance Agency. Kana. 
 Tlios. I'opp, o2i Capitol. 
 W'ni. i.ohnieyer, Charleston National 
 
 iiank huildinir. 
 .1. K. Chanilterlain. Capitol. 
 ]'.. I). .\vis. Cai)itol. 
 r. F. Wyennan, Ch. Xat. B'k hTcl't;. 
 .1. C. Alderson & Co., Opera b'l'd'g. 
 DuH'y Insurance Agency, Cajiitol. 
 r. ()". F>acon, Life. Caj.itol. 
 
 .ir.WEI.KKS. 
 
 K. ,). Satterlhwait, 290 Kanawha. 
 (ieo. W. Porter, 302 Kanawha. 
 Stolle i*ir Son, 11 Summers. 
 W. Herman Smith, 22 Capitol. 
 Guy Z. Wright i*i: Co., 17 Ca])itol. 
 \V. Beck(>nstein, 2S8 KanawJia. 
 A. it V. Hoiarsky, 2S2 Kanawha. 
 C. 1'. l"'isher, Ca|iitol. 
 Kan, \'aili'\- .lewclrv Co., '2'y2 Kana. 
 
 LIl,iL'ORS— WHOLKS.VLK. 
 
 C. Ca|iit<i, ;!<)4 Kanawha. 
 Ben Baer, 2-)S Kanawha. 
 
 MUHCHANT TAILORS. 
 
 W. L. Armstrong it Co.. Cai>it"l. 
 
 Starke it Co., Caiiitol. 
 
 A. Schwal), oOO Kanawha. 
 
 I. H. .Johnston. oOS Virginia. 
 
 Moran it Powers. Ill Capitol. 
 
 M. Kellar. Lovell. 
 
 ('has. Saxton. Capitol. 
 
 NOTIONS. 
 
 The Fair, Summers. 
 The Bazaar, Kanawha. 
 Goshorn, Richardson it Coyle,( whole- 
 sale) Capitol. 
 
 STUAM l.\uni>rip:s, 
 
 Cajiitol Steam Laundry. Kanawha. 
 Hotel Pulfner Steam Laundry, Va. 
 Kanawha Steam Laundry, (,)uarrier. 
 
 Ll\ I'.RV SIWHLES. 
 
 A. W. McCormick, Alderson. 
 
 Savage Bros. Virginia. 
 
 G. T. Barlow, Court. 
 
 !>. 11. ^'oung, 200 \'irginia. 
 
 Chill Livcr\' Stahlc. |)ickinson. 
 
 C. E. Field, til l.,ivell. 
 
 Ike P.aer, 29 Capitol. 
 
 City Daily Market, Caiiitol. 
 
 E. Cragg, 13 Summers. 
 
 Fisher it Fruth, 243 Kanawha. 
 
 Fred Gardner, 162 Capitol. 
 
 Ellis it Co., 354 Quarrier. 
 
 K. Polsue it Son. 
 
 Smith Pros., Washington. 
 
 ML'SIC STORKS 
 
 (). II. Micjiaclson, 274 Kanawlia. 
 (i. L. Spence Co., 2.-)4 Kanawha 
 
 NKWSl'Al'KRS, 
 
 The Ciiarleston Daily (iazette. 79 
 Capitol. 
 
 The Evening Mail, Alder.<on. 
 
 The Star Trilnine, Kanawha. 
 
 Kanawha X'alley Democrat, cor Caji- 
 itol and Kanaw ha. 
 
 Farm Pcpurter ((Quarterly) 79 Cap- 
 itol. 
 
 I'.\1N'I'S AND OI LS 
 
 .lohn Y. Aarter, 293 Kanawha. 
 .1. M.(iates, 27-29 Summers. 
 W. P.. Parr, ;!94 Quarrier. 
 Standai'il < )il Co.. .5() Capitol. 
 
PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 
 
 J. W. Avlor, oG Capitol. 
 
 T. L. Bai-ben :;(;4 Vir<;inia. 
 
 Ira P. Chanii)e,3(M('apit<il. 
 
 V. T. ('hurcliiinin,'r):; Capitol. 
 
 J. T. Cotton. -JDSJr Kanawha. 
 
 J. L. Davis. 8(Ji Cai)itol. 
 
 J. B. Houston. 2S5 Virginia. 
 
 George Lounsbury,Coyie iV: Hichan 
 
 son building. 
 James Putney, Bnvder buil<ling. 
 J. M. M((;'onihav."lS4 State. 
 O. C. Schoolliehi, «:? Cai>itol. 
 F. S. Thomas. Cotton Hloek. 
 W. P. Kwing. Htptel Ruffner. 
 S. B. Thomp.'^on, "iSl Virginia. 
 W. \V. Tompkins, Snyder i>lock. 
 P. Wagner, 272 Virginia. 
 J. F. Wileox, Lvnn Bloek. 
 J. J. Goff, Lvnn" Blo<k. 
 W. P. Hogue. 
 R. S. Henrv. 
 L. Carr. 
 
 A. K. Summers. 
 F. I.. .M.Gee. 
 
 ['HOTOGRAPHF.RS. 
 
 A. P. Gates. 2!ti Cai)itol. 
 A. T. Proctor, 30i Capitol. 
 Wni. McBride. Clendennin. 
 
 I'LIMBKRS. 
 
 llowcli. Shankliii iV Dnwrnan. 
 
 Capitol. 
 I). Craig. 2.S2 N'irginia. 
 
 HIUNTiyt; F.STAHLISIIMKNTS. 
 
 .M. \V. I)..nnally. 79 Capitol. 
 I'.utlcr Printing Co , Virginia. 
 .Jarrett A Floytl. Alderson. 
 Star-Tribune Co., 213 Kanawha. 
 Perry A" Dudley. CajHtol. 
 
 Ki'.Ai. r.si'ATi;. 
 
 Thomas Popp. 'rlJ, Capitol. 
 .Idlm L Thornhill, 2."'> ('ai)itol. 
 Geo. Davis. '.'Mh (Juarrier. 
 B. D. Avis, 2:!A'Caiiitol. 
 
 KlCSTAlRAXTS. 
 
 1). Washburn. PI Summer.^. 
 J. E. Morgan. 21'.l Kanawha. 
 S. S. Dandridgc, 2()J Kanawha. 
 S. E. Myers, Capit<il 
 Albert Callcnberg, Virginia. 
 
 ROOKEHS ANU rlSNERS 
 
 .7. C. Wolf A- Son. 20:5 Kanawha. 
 I.. C. Wolf. Alderson. 
 I). A. Brawley, Kanawha. 
 Diek i<.- Stovei-. (^uarrier. 
 
 STOVKS .\S\> IISWAHi:. 
 
 MrManamy it Cannon, 2(10 Kana. 
 W. '1\ Shawvcr, 2(io Kanawha. 
 I). A. I'.rawley, 228 Kanawha. 
 
 SADDLKRV AMI HARNESS. 
 
 KillingeriV: Co., 221 Kanawha. 
 Henry Malum. 23l> Kanawha, 
 .los. Ponp. 172 Kanawha. 
 Lowenstein it Son. 2.">;') Kanawha. 
 
 UNDERTAKERS. 
 
 !,ovell A- Killinger, Kanawha. 
 Geo. T. Barlow. 212 Kanawha. 
 
 \ INEERINi; WORKS 
 
 W. W. llraneh. West Charleston. 
 
 niCVCLE ' EAl.ERS 
 
 Hewcs Bros., Capitol. 
 W. B. Barr. (Juarrier. 
 Fred Scott. Capitol. 
 Ernest Howell, Capitol. 
 J. R. Shanklin. Capitol. 
 
 MlSCELI-ANEOrS. 
 
 Kanawha Woollen .Mills.Clendennin. 
 H. Barton, Boiler Works. \'irginia. 
 Vickers Wagon U'orks. Court. 
 W. A. Key, Wagon M'orks, Court. 
 
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 STATE OFFICKUS. 
 
 Governor — W. A. MacCorkle. 
 Secretary of State — W. E. Chilton. 
 State Su]it. of Scliools — Virfril A. 
 
 Lewis. 
 Auditor — I. V. .Inlmson. 
 Treasurer — John M. Rowan. 
 Attorney-(;eneral— T. 8 Riley. 
 Ailjutaiit-Ceneral— J. A. Hol'ly. 
 
 SUPREMK COURT. 
 
 .Judges — Henrv Brannon, President, 
 '\Ve.ston, W. Vn. 
 .John W. English. Point 
 
 Pleasant, W. Va. 
 Homer A. Holt, Lewisliurg, 
 
 W. Va. 
 M. M.Dent, Grafton. W.Va. 
 Clerk — O. S. Long. Charleston. 
 
 COINTV OKFICKRS. 
 
 .luilgc Ciicuit Court — F. A. (iuthrie. 
 
 •JudgeCriminal Court — C. P. Snyder. 
 Pnisecuting Attorney — C. B. Smith. 
 Clerk Circuii Court— II. K. Black. 
 Clerk County Court — -J. W. (Toshorn. 
 County Sup't. Sehools— G. P. Hall. 
 Countv Commissioners — C.S. Young, 
 
 W. S. Laidley, .J. D. Shrews- 
 
 liury. 
 
 HTY OFFICERS. 
 
 Mayor — E. W. Staunton. 
 
 Recorder=J. H. Gates. 
 
 Sergeant — .John W. .Jarrett. 
 
 Solicitor— H. O. Middleton. 
 
 Treasurer — E. A. Rcid. 
 
 Engineer — W. A Hoguc. 
 
 Street Conimissioner — ,1. A. Turner 
 
 MEMBERS CITY COLNCIl,. 
 
 P'irst Ward— A. F. Wallcn. Mason 
 Rusk and Geo. Morgan. 
 
 Second Ward — Clias. I.och. .1. F. 
 lirown and -J. N. Mahan. 
 
 Third Ward— .J. W. Goshorn, W 
 I'eters. and (). A. I'ettv. 
 
 L. 
 
 COURTS. 
 
 Circuit Court — Second Monday in 
 March and .June and lii-st >lon- 
 day in Decern her. 
 
 Criminal Court — First Tuesday in 
 •lanuarv. April, .Tulv and < )cto- 
 her. 
 
 County Court — First Monday in 
 !\Iarch, .June, Septemlier, and 
 1 )ccember. 
 
 Cn.\RLF.STON DISTRICT OFFICERS 
 
 N. B. Swarr, .Justice. 
 .J. S. Payne, .Justice. 
 R. I'. Warren. Constable. 
 E. C. Lynn, Constable. 
 
LITTLEPAGE &. STOUT. 
 
 ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW. 
 
 NO. 20 CAPITOL STREET, 
 CtaarleHtuii, - Kaiiav\'lia Co , - Vli'esl Va 
 
 TELEPHONE 208. 
 
 JOHN FULKS, 
 
 Arclnilcct i and t Builder, 
 
 359 QUARRIER STREET. 
 
 JOHN HOWE PEYTON, 
 
 CIVIL » ENGINEER ^< AND ^i SURVEYOR. 
 
 Office Kanawha National Bank Building. 
 P. O. BOX 623 
 
 B. S. MORGAN. 
 
 OHice in Kanawha NationalBank Building. 
 
 M'ill Practice in the Courts of Kanawha and .Vdjoiniiir ( oiiutics. in the 
 
 SuprtMlK* Court of .\|ipi>als of the Stale, and in the United States 
 
 Court. Special .\tleiition i:iven to Collections. 
 
 280 KANAWHA ST. 
 
 CHARLESTON, W. VA. 
 
 Largest StocK in tt^e State to Select fronq. 
 fill Grades of Siloes and Slippers, TruriKs 
 arid Un\brellas, fiwnirigs and Tents. 
 
 MAIL ORDEPSSOI ICITED. 
 
Sdiilli side l'()Uii(li-\' and .Marhiiic W'dili 
 
South Side Foundry and Machine Works. 
 
 Tlu' cnjrnivinj;' on tlie opposite pMjre rcinTsonts our 
 of ( )li;irlest()n"s well-known and suljstanUal manu- 
 facturing; cstablisliinents. The South Side Foun- 
 dry and Maehine Works are owned and o]K'rated l)y 
 O. A. iS: W . Thayer. After eonduetinfr the husiness 
 for eleven years in Maiden, the Messrs. Thayer, with 
 that keen business foresight which has always char- 
 acterized their career, ducidetl to remove their plant 
 to Charleston, and establish it on a larj^er scale and 
 prepare themselves for the more extensive l)usinc«s 
 which they saw would soon n])vn up for them at this 
 ])oint. Conse(|uently, in 1S71, the large plant of 
 the South Side Foun<lry and Machine Works (lo- 
 cated between the C'hesa|)eake and Ohio railway and 
 the Kanawha river), was built and e(|uipped with 
 new machinery and ai)])liances throughout, at acon- 
 siderable outlay, since which time tlie works have 
 been greatly enlarged with new brick buildings un- 
 til now they are the finest and most extensive plant 
 of the kind in the State. This concern is fitted 
 with twin cupolas of large capacity, and an^ pre- 
 pared to make castings of every descrijjtion in both 
 iron and brass. Since the erection of their new 
 brick sho])s they have placed in their works the 
 latest improved machinery by which the heaviest 
 class of work can be manufactured. 
 
 The forge, or blacksmith department, is considcre<l 
 the largest in this section, being e(|uij)iied with 
 
 ]iower, rolls, plunges, shears and a large steam ham- 
 mer, with which the heaviest forgings can be made 
 with ease and dispatch. The South Side Foundry 
 makes a specially of all classes of iron work and 
 machinery for the comi)lete e(|uii)ment of mining 
 plants, such as tail ropes and endless wire, rope haul- 
 age machines, iron and steel incline monitors, coke 
 larrys, mine cars, drums, tipple outfits, .screens 
 weigh basket;;, elevators, conveyors, A-c., of every de- 
 scription use<l in connection with the mining industry. 
 "The Kanawha" is the name they have given their 
 new style .Mine Ventilating Fan (j«tented .June 24, 
 1.S93), which for cajiacity, eflicicncy and cheapnesn- 
 is far in advance of the old style paddle fan. Their 
 fans an; now used for ventilating mines in Ohio, 
 Pennsylvania, Virginia and Kentucky, as well as in 
 this .state, and all are giving the best of .saticfaction. 
 These fans are so constructed that they may be o])- 
 erated either as "exhausts" or "blowir-^."" This feat- 
 ure no other fan possesses. 
 
 In their car hiiildiiiK DciKirtnicnt tlicy are preiiared to 
 turn mU ininc cars i-oiii|ili'tc, (in slmrt notice, as well as log- 
 L'int: triK ks, linnl)er cars, i^c. This ((iniern alscidcies a larco 
 iiusincss in pipe and fittinirs <if all kinds, indndint.' tirasii 
 ;r(iods. Mailiincry from tills Inundry ^ues out not only 
 tliron^'h all Ihi' ni'ininj: rc<rions of We.^t Virginia, lait orders 
 <-om(' to it from KentU( kv, Tcnne.-i.-ise, tieorfria, .\laliania, 
 Florida, Oliio and rennsylvania, where mines are lieing de- 
 velopecl, railroads constructed and mills and factories equip- 
 ped. This ]ilant lia.-* never slmt down for want of work. and 
 IS generally considered one of the stron};est financial manu- 
 facturing concerns in the Kanawha Valley. 
 
Charleston Banks. 
 
 KftNftWHft UftLLeV BftNK. KftNftWHft NftTlONftL BANK. 
 
 KSTAHLIsm-.U IN 18t)7. 
 
 J. y. DJCKINSOX, 1!. T. ONEY. 
 
 l^renldt'lit. t'dxliiir. 
 
 Capital Invested $150,000. 
 
 Surplus 100,000. 
 
 CHftRLeSTON NftTlONftL BftNK 
 
 KSTAULISHEU AUOrST IB, 188i. 
 
 L.iPRI("HAHI), H. L. PRICHARI). 
 
 *—-;;;— J'ir.iidiiit. Cmliler. 
 
 Capital Invested $100,000. 
 
 Surplus SO.OOO. 
 
 Undivided Profits 12,000. 
 
 CITIZeNS' NftTlONftL BftNK. 
 
 r.ST.VIJLlSIIKI) SKl'T. 10, 1890, 
 
 KEIL ROBINSON, .1. H. Hl'LINt;, 
 
 Pir.iidt'iit. I'lVv Pnvhifiil. 
 
 M. M. WILLIAMSON. 
 
 Capital In ve.sted $125,000. 
 
 .Surplus :5,500. 
 
 (iEO. S. COUCH, H- A. RhlD. 
 
 I'irxhinil. Cnxhlir. 
 
 .1. F. P.KDELL. 
 .l.W.s-/f//*/ C'l-^hii'i'. 
 
 Capital lnvest,.l $100,000 
 
 Surplus 
 
 Undivided Prolits 
 
 11,000. 
 i»,000. 
 
 COnM^RClftL SftVlNGS BftNK. 
 
 i:.ST.\bLlSlli:D KI-.HRUARV, 18i);i. 
 
 Wm a. OHLEY, C. W. YOL'NG, 
 
 Conducts a ijenend Cnnnunvial business besides 
 the Saviii"^ departiueiit. 
 Capital Invested ?50,000. 
 
 BANKING HOURS. 
 
 ,9:00 A. .M. 
 
 Open 
 
 Close ^:00i-. m. 
 
CAPITOL I STEAM i LAUNDRY, 
 
 =-TnC OLi:iEST. LARGEST. AND BEST-— 
 
 EQUIPPED LAUNDRY IN THE STATE. 
 
 THIS LAUNDRY is a cdiKmi tliat has done 
 imicli to spixad the name and fame of Charleston 
 far and wide, as they have a^'cncies in all parts of 
 the State, and wherever their excellent work has 
 <rone it is an emhlcm of the (Jeneral Sujjeriority 
 and Kntcriirise characteristic (if the ( 'aj)ital(.'ity. 
 
 LIBERAL. 
 
 DiseouQts 
 
 5o f\(^er/t'^. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1890. 
 
 THE CAPITOL STEAM LAUNDRY is situated 
 at No. 1()7 Kanawlia Street, and is owned and op- 
 erated hy Mr. T. H. Marshall, who is authnrity on 
 all matters pertainin<r to tht- Laundry Business. 
 The Plant has recently heen rehuilt, and fitted up 
 with the most modern machinery known to the 
 l)usine,ss, so that the "Capitol" i.s enabled to do 
 the highest grade work on very short notice. 
 About forty people are constantly employed at the 
 Works, and there are dozens of agencies all over 
 this Section. Mr. Marshall is wide awake, and takes 
 great j>ains in providing his jiatrons promjit and 
 etiicient .service. His ellorts are bringing well mer- 
 ited success as his estabjisliment is most liberally 
 patronized. Established l.SiK), oldest, largest, in Ka- 
 nawha Valley; burned in 1.S92 and retiuilt, with im- 
 jiroved machinery. Branch at No. .")2 ('a]iitol street. 
 
iSTBBUISHED 1892. 
 
 Tho Keeley Institute Co. of= iAZ, \^7^. 
 
 F=OR THE CUR© Of= THe 
 
 LIQUOR. OPIUM AND TOBACCO HABITS. 
 
 Institutt-s located at Cliarlcstdii. W. \"a.. WIk rliii<:, W, \'m., Kingwdml. W. \'a. 
 
 Owning and controlline all genuine Keelev 
 Institutes in the State of West Virginia. 
 
 Tlie only reliable treatrqent for tl^e above 
 fianqed diseases. Hundreds of testirrionials 
 ori file fronq tl^e nqost pronqirierit people of 
 tiie State evidericirig tt^e ^A;o^derful efftcieri- 
 cy of thietreatrrierit as adrninistered at tl^ese 
 Institutes. 
 
 „„ ,. , Correspondence Solicited. 
 
 LE'GAGE PRATT, President and General Manager. 
 J. AMI MARTIN. Vk j: I'kk.-^idk.nt. P. II. TAMPLET. Skcketakv and Treasurer. 
 
f^ 
 
 fe. ■;*••. 
 
 M. B. REBER, M'G'R. 
 
 Tlu' l:iri;cst, loatliiij; and ullicial Journal 
 at the State Caj)ital, with a eirculatidn 
 greater than any nther paper juiMished in 
 the Third Ciinjrressiiinal District. 
 
 THE 
 
 SMITH-PREMIER 
 
 TYPEWRITER. 
 
 213 KANAWHA ST., 
 
 CHARLESTON, W VA. 
 
 EDISONS 
 
 MIMEOGRAPH. 
 
 HEWES BROS. 
 
 EXCLUSIVE AGENTS. 
 
Fin [F'lTLSlPl f^ 
 STOVES^TINWARE, 
 
 260 AND 226 
 KANAWHA STREET. 
 
 MCMANAMY&CANNON 
 
 -JOBBERS IN- 
 
 STOVES, TINWARE, &C 
 
 TliLs liou.so has long been familiar to tlu' trade in Char- 
 k'stou and throughout the State as a leader in Wholesale 
 ;ind Retail Stoves, Tinware and 
 
 House Furnishing Goods, 
 
 carrviug a very extensive and complete stock at all times, 
 and having facilities for buying and manufacturing and 
 shi|)])ing which enables them to meet all competition. 
 
 Their travelling men make regular calls on the trade 
 and always have some exceptional offerings. Their bus- 
 iness is growing continually which is evidence of their 
 pluck and the satisfaction of the trade. 
 
As Charleston Enjo3s a Steady and Healthy 
 
 Growth, So Enjoys the 
 
 adelpliia One Price Clolig louse 
 
 A Steady Increase in Business. 
 Because Fair and Square Dealings is Our Motto. 
 
 CORNER KANAWHA AND CAPITOL STS. 
 
 ►ol^ 
 
 fox- "^Toiirxx^n'ss IHstti 
 
ip^ (§oods 
 apd Sl7oes. 
 
 I HANDA G,USHOP■,^f PRY COOP-SiriTJE^HOE^ 
 
 We are the Leaders. 
 
 -tnn STOCK IS- 
 
 Complete in all Departments. 
 
 RANU & GOSHORN. 
 
 Tt|e Pl^otograplris for tt^e Engfavirigs in Tl-iis 
 BooK Were Made By 
 
 Ga7'es, The Photographer. 
 
 Capitol street, tlinrlesion w Va. 
 
 High Class Photography a Specialty. 
 
 mill SiraiiN 6 DOWMftN, 
 
 PLUMBING, 
 
 STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING, 
 MILL SUPPLIES. 
 
 75 Capitol St Charleston, W. Va. 
 
 vTt. churchman, M. IX 
 EYE. EAR. NOSE AND THROAT 
 
 SPECIALIST. 
 63 Capitol Street, - Charleston, W. Va. 
 
 CHAS, M, ALDERSON, 
 
 75 I-a CAI'ITOI. ST. 
 
 CHARLESTON, - - WEST VIRGINIA, 
 
N. S. BURLEW, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 
 
 GENERAL HARDWARE BUSINESS, 
 
 .ESTABLISHED ISTG- 
 
 'Ii\e business of tl^e House i\as increased so it stands to-day equal to any Hardware firrn 
 in West Virginia. Does a large Jobbing Business in tl^ie Soutl^iern part of tj^e State. Headquar- 
 ters for 
 
 Oc\k Veneered While ^nd yellou; Pine Door5. 
 
 All Kinds of SA.sll and BLINDS, WOOD aiul IKON .MANTEL FRONTS, 
 
 GRATES, HEARTH nml FLOOR TILE. 
 
 Special Agent for Reading Hardware Co., Hartrnan Steel Fence. Sewer Pipe and Fire 
 Brick; and all Kinds of FariT\ing and Mining Irnplenqents. Orders Solicited wl^ichi will l^ave 
 pronqpt attention- 
 
 NO 284 KANAWHA STREET. 
 
 Opjiositc I'lihlic Lam/ /no. 
 
Kanawha SteamLaundry, 
 
 357 QWHRRIER STREET 
 
 •^•CUSHMAN & YOUNC-K^ 
 
 RF>OF=RieTORS. 
 
 This Laundry is Einiiiiped with new and 
 Improved machinery and appliances, and is 
 capable of turninu- out tlic linest work. Send 
 your work to 
 
 ?^5f?/T)09 9 YoiJ9(§. 
 
 They will Guarantee you Entire Satisfaction. 
 
 TELEPHONE NO. 191. 
 
 DIAMOND ICE & COAL COMPANY, 
 
 WHOLESALE & RETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 ICE AND COAL 
 
 Sjic'cial attention given tn (irdciv for Ire in carlot.* 
 or filling houses. 
 
 OHice 291 Kanawha Stret't. lee Factory Cor. 
 Elk and Welch streets. Coal yard Cor. Capitol and 
 Drvden streets. 
 

 "VTsq 
 
 5fes!«- 
 
 
 ^ -^"i^^*^ 
 
 
 
 ^^1;;:— j?t^S2^*5%5^=S 
 
 
 Till- LiirfTcst two-wlu'cl.Ml Vehicle Kiietory in tlie WorM. 
 
LOUIS CRBLISH. 
 
 CIIAKI.KSTO.X. W. VA. 
 
 •f-^^^P^jJ Confectioner, 
 
 '/':3^J^!r^v>l4i^.--_ Ice Creanqs. 
 
 Fine Candies. 
 Fancy Cakes. 
 
 LOUIS CABUSH, 
 
 Quarrier Street. 
 
 Cl^arleston. W. Ya. 
 
 When CunU'iiiiilutiiifi IvL'cciitioii sec ('AP>IJS1I. 
 Cliarlcston's Ciml'i'ftionL'r, as t'l prices New idciis. 
 
 Geo. W. Porter, 
 
 Clocks 
 and 
 Watclies. 
 
 Gold and 
 Silver 
 Novelties. 
 
 Solid 
 
 Silverware. 
 
 Silver Plated 
 Ware. 
 
 Jeweller and Optician. 
 
 Aiii'iit t'cir till' Sale ot the Cel<>l)rateil Uiaindiiil Eye 
 (i lasses. 
 
 liepairinn nf Watches ami .lewelry a Sjiccialty. 
 A II wnrk ( i narantcecl. 
 
 ■WJ k'diKiirhd SI. Chdrlcsfoii, ][' ^ 'a . 
 
EVERYBODY TRADES WHEN THEY 
 WANT 
 
 DRY GOODS in all Its branches. 
 CARPt:TS. The finest room in the State. 
 SHOBS. No better made for service. 
 
 DANIELS 
 
 16 CAPITOL STREET. 16 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 
 
 PEDDLERS' OUTFITS. 
 
 A(;ENT for HUTTIOlilCKS I'ATTKIINS. 
 
uf« ^"^^