iii;j|i;iii|i; ii|ii|lit;i;;tti! it a'K 'ITHE fHilii i lii ! -l! ^ III ill 1 1 I llil!l»i!!l|l-lil 11 EARLY SAINT LQi;!;^ «|||iMOVEMENTlilj|l illMOVEMENTi; '-' ' lilliiiiliiiiiiB^^^ I M I H^ Philosophy, Psychology, Literature^ Art and Education ^'llll Centennial Appendix lliuslmted iiijiiiliiliitlii^' ililliliiiliit I Class. Book.. . S^//: Gopyriglit}l^_ CiJEffilGHT DJEPOSm A BRIEF REPORT Of the Meeting Commemorative of the Early Saint Louis Movement in Philosophy, Psychology, Literature, Art and Education m In Honor of Dr. Denton J. Snider's Eightieth Birthday Held January 14th and 15th, 1921 At Vandervoort's Music Hall St. Louis, Missouri m ^if: D, H. HARRIS Chairman and General Manager Introduction t The central location of St. Louis ; its railroad and river facilities of transportation ; its business enterprise ; its com- mercial importance; its industries; its wealth, all combine to insure its future gfrowth and prosperity as one of the most im- portant inland cities of America. But of still greater importance is its leadership in the trend of modern philosophic thoug'ht and the intellectual and spiritual progress of its people. Emerson tells of the shot for freedom and independence that was heard around the world. So in the following pages is reported that wonderful liberation of spirit and the progress and advancement of the "St. Louis Early Movement" — in phi- losophy, art, literature, psychology, and education, which was developed here about forty years ago. and which has had such a profound influence in St. Louis and throughout the west, and has spread to the eastern seaboard and become international in its scope. Briefly sketched here are the li\es and works of the great men who originated and contributed to what is known as the "Early St. Louis Movement," notably, W^illiam Torrey Harris. Henry C. Brockmeyer, Denton J. Snider, Thomas Davidson. Adolph Kroeger, J. Gabriel Woerner and others. It is regretted that the interest and spirit of the occasion cannot be adequately reported. It will be interesting to study these men in their \arious tendencies, as the speakers have viewed them from different standpoints, thus affording us an unique and more general con- sideration of their work and influence. ■ 2 MAY -1 1922 '^N Ml ^ ^ mf f^ rs r\ n W M. T. HARRIS DENTON J. SNIDER Index of Contents Brief Opening Address by D. H. Harris 2 Address of Welcome — Mayor Henry \V. Kiel 10 Philosophic Schools — St. Louis. Jacksonville, 111.. Concord. Mass., Chicag-o, by Louis j. Block 13 The Early St. Louis Movement and The Communal Uni- versity, by Mrs. D. H. Harris : 31 Henry C. Brockmeyer, by Mrs. Denton J. Snider (collated from Dr. Snider's work — The Early St. Louis Movement) 51 Thomas Davidson, by Percival Chubb 59 Adolph Ernst Kroeger and Historv of Music in St. Louis, by E. R. Kroeger .' 69 J. Gabriel Woerner, by Wm. F. Woerner 81 Reflections on The Early Movement, by Francis E. Cook 89 The Influence of The Earlv Movement on Education, by W. J. S. Bryan— Substitute 98 The Early Journals. Magazines and Writers of St. Louis, by Alexander N. De Menil (a brief note) 99 Historv of Musical Development in St. Louis, by Frank Geeks 103 The St. Louis Public Library, by Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick Ill Copv of a Letter Written to Dr. Snider, by Rev. lames W. Lee ' 119 Most Remarkable Man, by Rev. James W. Lee 120 Miss Susan E. Blow and the Kindergarten, by Miss Mary C. McCulloch 127 The Psychology of Music, by Richard Spamer 137 William Marion Reedy, by A. A. H 146 Poem — Dedicated to Dr. Denton J. Snider on his Eightieth Birthday, Jan. 9th, 1921, by Katharine Higgins Sommers..l47 Lincoln's Mother, by Mrs. Katharine Higgins Sommers, in- spired by Dr. Snider's extensive treatise on Lincoln 147 In Memoriam — Miss Amelia C. Fruchte, by Mrs. Adeline Palmier Wagoner 148 A Man for All Ages, by Mrs. Adeline Palmier W^agoner 148 The St. Louis Tercentenary Shakespeare Society, J\lrs. Adeline Palmier Wagoner 149 In Memoriam — Miss Amelia C. Fruchte — Chester B. Curtis. -..153 Letters from Friends 158 Address at the Banquet — G. R. Dodson 159 7 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Wm. T. Harris 3 Denton J. Snider. 5 Vandervoort's Music Hall . 9 Mayor Henry W. Kiel ._...:. 10 Louis J. Block 11 Hiram K. Jones 21 Mrs. D. H. Harris 29 Wm. G. Eliot .. : 33 Mrs. Rebecca N. Hazard.. 37 Henry C. Brockmeyer 49 Georg Wilhelm Frederich Hegel 53 Thomas Davidson 57 Percival Chubb 63 Adolph Ernst Kroeger ; 67 E. R. Kroeger 71 P. G. Anton 75 J. Gabriel Woerner 79 W'm. F. Woerner 83 Francis E. Cook. 87 Rev. Dr. R. A. Holland... 91 Wm. M. Bryant 95 Frank Geeks 101 Arthur E. Bostwick 107 Central Public Library. . 109 Frederick Morgan Crunden 113 Rev. Dr. James W. Lee 117 Miss Susan E. Blow 123 Des Peres School — First Public School Kindergarten 125 Miss Mary C. McCulloch 131 Richard Spamer 135 William Marion Reed}- 145 Miss Amelia C. Fruchte 151 Chester B. Curtis ..155 D. H. Harris .161 y VANDERVOORT'S MUSIC HALL A Report of the Early St. Louis Movement The first session convened at \'andervoort"s ^lusic Hall, at 2 P. M. Friday, Jan. 14, 11)-.^], ^vlr. D. H. Harris, presiding-: He congratulated the audience upon this occasion, stating that the early movement did not beg'in with large numl)ers, as ■\ve may have at this meeting'. It had a few great men, but little known to the world at that time, who were inspired by the im- perative need of checking the rapidly increasing influence of materialism and agnosticism. They deeply felt the importance of preserving and utilizing the great universal works of philosophy and literature, filtered through generations of the cumulative genius of the human race. They also felt the need of developing and establishing, in ad- dition to these treasures of thought, new systems that are de- manded as the natural outgrowth of our modern civilization. He said that it is eminently fitting that on an occasion like this that we should call upon the highest executive of our city to give a word of welcome: I, therefore, take great pleasure in calling upon onr Mayor, the Honorable Henry W . Kiel, who happily res])onded as follows: HON. HENR^ \V. KIEL Hon. Henry W. Kiel: "I am proud of our great city and it gives me much pleasure to welcome delegates here. I think this is an important occasion, and is worthy of the attention and attendance of all who are interested in the vital subjects here considered." "It is due to the men and women of the early days who had the vision to look for*ward and see our real needs that enables us and qualifies us to meet and discuss these important sub- jects. From time to time our brainy men and women adopted certain methods that have l)een developed into national systems." "I must congratulate you upon this occasion and I wish to encourage the people of St. Louis along the particular lines tliat are your object and purpose today." "I wish my time was not so limited. T know you have a long program, but this is a subject I would like to discuss with you. indeed, but your chairman has limited me to a few words. I am glad to be here, and T thank you for the great privilege you have accorded me." 10 HH 1 i^^H ^^^^^ iRni ^^^^^^^^^1 ^■Sbp^^' - -r^A' ""m^^ ^^^^^^^^^^H| ^^hB ' '"> 1 ^^^^^^^^^^^H ■|B^;-g,;;j -v S JL,^J0^^^^^^H P^^ l^^^^^H !;• ^^^r Kl^^l •' i l^*!^^! ^m ^J^H "'*•.., ■'V'iV- , ^ I^H ^:M ! H^^^HH t ' .■ ,'!'':: \z ', ^^^1 ^^ ^^^m LOUIS J. BLOCK The Philosophic Schools of St. Louis, Jack- sonville, Concord and Chicago By Louis J. Block Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen : T think every- body who ever makes a speech of any kind finds this difficulty, that he discovers that it is next to impossible for him, however careful he may be and however admirably he may attempt to speak, to reach the sort of eulogistic introduction with which he is presented to an audience. I find myself very much in that difficulty this morning, and noav I shall have to live up to a cer- tain standard which my good friend, Mr. David Harris, has presented. I am liere to tell a very plain and simple story, a story that in my opinion ranks in importance and in intrinsic character with any similar story that is to be told within the entire range of time. I am perfectly aware of what 1 am saying, and if the point of view may seem to you large and the intimation made rather extensive. I believe that the facts, spiritual, educational, phi- losophical, will entirely bear me out. I have made acquaintance with philosophical movements at dififerent times and in different parts of the world, and al- though I may, as I say, make a statement that seems very large and may seem difficult to prove, I do not hesitate, however, in stating that the great movement which occurred in the city of .St. Louis some thirty or forty years ago. and whose leaders and protagonists were men whom some of us have known inti- mately, Mr. William T. Harris, Mr. Denton J. Snider, Mr. Thomas Davidson, Mr. Adolph Kroeger, Mr. George H. Howison, of whom I think I shall have the privilege later of saying a few words, in importance and in far reaching results, ranks with the greatest movements of the kind that we can find in all history. I have often wondered, and I believe that I have ventured sometimes at a difference of opinion with Mr, Denton J. Snider, in his naming his last book, "The St. Louis Movement". I may say I lived the first years of my life here in the city of St. Louis. I practically began my life here, I think I was two years old 13 when thev brought nie here, and I lived here until 1 was about twenty-one. I had the privilege of attending the great public schools of this city, and afterwards went to Washington Univer- sity where I graduated. So I have nothing in the world against St. Louis ; St. Louis is as dear to me today as it was in the olden days when with other boys I wandered along the banks of the Mississippi River and climbed into the ferry boat and went over to Venice and the other places on the other side to take a plunge in its rather murky and somewhat forbidding waters. I have often wondered why this movement should receive the limiting name of the "St. Louis Movement". There were reasons doubtless in the character of the city in those early days why the ambitious and high minded young men found it desirable to come to St. Louis, and it was the coming together of men who were then alive to the deepest interests of the time and to the deepest interests of all time. They came together in St. Louis, they formed the group here which worked together. They developed that system of thought which has illustrated and which to some of us has made St. Louis a kind of a Mecca, to which we have looked for enlightment and for illumination in the dark places which we all find in the progress of our lives. If one may go back a little and study the history of philo.'-c- phic thought in the United States, one will find, I think, three somewhat well demarcated divisions in the history. If one were to write a history of thought in the United States, I think he probably would discover that he would want to make in tiiat history, three sections. The first section doubtless would be a section which would have characteristics of the following kind, it might be called the "Primary Section", wdiich is distinctly under the domination of some ruling dogma or some ruling principle, which comes to it not from its own inner develop- ment, but actually comes to it from without. There wias that first movement of thought which was purely dogmatic and dominated by principles and by systematic pro- cedures that came to it not out of its own inner development, but came to it exteriorly. It was the time of obedient e to authority, it was the time of the justification of authority, it was the time when the whole system of thought moved within the limitations of an external authority. All the great people who came to this country and settled 14 on these shores, came with those dog-matic ideas fully imbedded in them, they ■were the center of their life, they were the most important things to them, they were the basis of all their spiritual experience. It was a life dominated we may say — and not in any harsh sense or in any sense that is not fully illuminating and giving them just and fair treatment — by the influence of an exterior authority, under what may be called a system of dogma. The inevitable results, of course, had to follow from that, because the human mind, it appears, cannot subsist in that con- dition — the revolt ensues. Of course, I could mention some of the great minds and great people who belonged to that first period, perhaps it is not necessary to do that. But the second and the antithetic movement necessarily came to pass. The dogma no longer was satisfactory, and par- ticularly the imposition of external authority no longer could be endured. The revolt ensued, and the revolt produced what in the ordinary understanding is the greatest period of our philosophic and literary histor}-. That is the great time when in New England the "Transcendentalist,'" published the "Dial", and the whole antithetic and liberating movement began to ap- pear in philosophic thought, in literature, in poetry, in the novel. To that liberalism and to that development, wliolly, we o-we the men and the women to whom we still look up ; that is to say, probably you and I look up to them, I most assuredly do. what- soever the enlightenment of the younger minds who are now figuring in the literary field may say about it. But I still, as I did when I was a mere boy, sit at the feet of the great and the serene and the noble Ralph Waldo Emerson. I still look back upon the times when my own illumination and my qwn development took me to the great writers of New England; Emerson, Lowell, Margaret Fuller, Hawthorne, Thoreau, are the great liberators of the United States. We all owe them that indebtedness. They freed us from the exterior authority which was dominating everyone of us and which we felt impossible longer to endure. But it may be said, perhaps, that any revolt of that kind carries with it something of the elements and something of the preceding characteristics against which it arose, and that how- ever liberalistic it may appear, it yet assumes in different phases something of the character of the period that anteceded it. 15 They were not wholly free. That was a battle and a fi.s:ht and it was a great battle and a great fight. What it did for this country we all know. It gave freedom to this whole land. They were the center of the great abolitionist movement, they in- spired the great man of his time and of his country. They gave the spirit and the soul to Abraham Lincoln, they liberated all of us. And yet, the elements were not quite fully mixed, it needed a greater liberation yet. They accepted more or less certain fundamental doctrines without giving them the entire and com- plete examination which they deserved. There had to come a third, a greater and a larger movement, a movement of absolutely free thought that felt that the first thing it had to do was to find out what its awn presuppositions were, and to find a justification in free thought for whatever justification there was. That was an entirely free movement of free thinking, and that free movement of free thinking was made by the men in whose honor we are having this celebration here todav. And not any one of them, deserves a higher mention than the man in whose presence we stand. This was the appearance on this continent of absolutely free thought; thinking itself wholly and entirely and systematically, thinking its own pres-uppositicns, building up its own develop- ment, and culminating in its own entire complete self recogni- tion and creative activity. It was a movement of free thought comi)aral)le with the great movement of free thought in Athens when Aristotle and Plato and Socrates emancipated the Greek young man and the (ireek manhood altogether. It was a move- ment of thinking entirely comparable with the greatest move- ment of the Middle ages. However, the Middle Ages may have come under the influence of what may be called dogmatic ele- ments, nevertheless the great thinkers of that time, if they will be closely investigated, will be found to be as liberalistic a-^ any that lived anywhere. The great thinking movement of the Middle Ages that centered around St. Thomas Aquinas was a liberalistic move- ment in every sense of the word. The St. Louis movement is comparable with that one, and especially is it comparable with the other great movement, the great mo\'ement in modern times, the great movement which influenced these men so profounrllv and so deeply, the great movement in Germany, the great move- ment whose leader was the immortal Immanuel Kant. 'Jlien 16 came the young- enthusiasts, on the one side. Fichte with his moralistic idealism and his profound sense of the right and of duty. He may be called a subjective idealist, but if that is subjective idealism, I should think that all of us would like to get as much of it as we can. There was the other young man who took the other side, the one who studied nature so profound- ly and built up a system of nature, Schelling-. Then, greatest of all, the wisest philosopher in the whole history of time, Hegel, at whose feet honorably and nobly sat the young men who began life here in the city of St. Louis. The "St. Louis Movement", therefore, in my opinion should be characterized in the first place as a great national movement, and, while no one has any objection to calling it the "St. Louis Movement", because it did start and originate here ; neverthe- less, it belongs organically and properly speaking to the entire history of philosophic thought in the L^nited States. It is the third in the series, as the first was the dogmatic movement, the second was the revolt, and this is the concrete, full recog-nition of the significance of thought, of free thought within the mind of man, also outside there in the great world of nature, also above and surrounding all of us within the Divine in Whom we live and move and have our being-. We shall not understand the St. Louis Movement aright, I believe, unless we take it in that proper sense ; and we shall also further have to take it as a new revelation to mankind of all that is positive, of all that is spiritual, of all that is the very essence and the very life of the spirit of mankind and of every- one of us. As I said, there was connected with that movement the inspirer, Mr. Brockmeyer, whom I knew very slightly. But I met the other inspirer, I met the other man more intimately, who seemed to me to have walked out of the Paradise of Dante and who has been like the great St. John who, at the very last moment of the whole paradisiacal experience took Dante and showed him the illumination in the heavens above. That man I knew very well, and that man always has been to me as the representative of an ideal and of a nobility and a profundity of thought that surpasses in many respects any other man whom I have known. You know whom I mean. He walked your streets, he taught in your schools, he took care of your little children, he did every task that the ordinary man would do, but he lived ever- lastingly and eternally in the presence of the vision of the im- mortal. 1 speak of William Torrey Harris. 17 Now another man we have with us, and I look at him now. I think of him as I have know^n him for all these many years, 1 speak of him just as he was when I first began to know him. Every great movement of this kind must have in it a man like Denton J. Snider, and the function of a man like Denton J. Snider is indispensable to every movement of this kind. First comes inevitably the profound revelation in the discovery of truth ; next comes the application of -all this great truth in all the fields of life; third, and above that, comes the creation of a new world, a new world of art, a new world of thought, a new world of re- ligion. There comes the necessity of complete and adequate expression, the new wine has to be put into new bottles, and the new bottles must go all over and around the world. There must be the finder and the discoverer of the ever- lasting idea, there must be a man who will tell and speak and utter and express the everlasting truth to all mankind. He is the great writer, the great expresser. the one who mediates between the everlasting truth and the great audiences who are expected to hear it. In that place and in that function stands the noble man in whose honor we are met here today and, when the work is estimated aright, and it is placed in comparison with the work of any other one of the great expressers of the world — because in every epoch and every time, and wherever there has been any philosophy the great expresser has come, the expresser here today ranks entirely and completely (in the estimates of all those who are worthy to know and to give an opinion) with the greatest men that have figured in that field since time began. The three St. Louis leaders appear to me as follows : P>rock- meyer brought Europe with him, he translates the logic of Hegel ; Harris antithetic to Europe brings New England and America with him ; the unifier and medium of expression, the giver of the system to the world is Denton J. Snider. It is only incumbent upon all of us to say this and to express what we feel. Denton J. Snider has been to everyone of us, what Denton J. •Snider increasingly is going to be to all maid'cind. I am just as sure of it as I am of standing on this platform, that those books belong to the everlasting possessions of the human race, the human race will never let them go, they will be in all libraries and they will have readers upon readers, and everybody will feel that again, as he himself has said, speaking- of the literary bibles, "We have another revelator, another messenger, another 18 angel of the Lord with us who has delivered his message and has set it down in writ for everyone of us." Now, T have been asked to talk on another subject. T believe I have about exhausted my time, and the other subject that T was asked to speak about was the Philosophical Schools having their origin in the St. Louis Movement. It will carry out the thesis which I have been attempting to develop and carry out further the meaning and significance of the St. Louis Move- ment, and also carry out further the way in which it has been going from one end of this country to the other. I knew a number of these movements quite intimately, I was part of them, I was in them, so I can s|)eak from first hand knowledge. I shall do this ver}' briefly, because I do not care to take up much more of your time. The first one of these so-called philosophical schools that T wish to speak about is one that had its center in one of your neighboring cities. I have been asked to s])eak about the phi- losophical schools of the city of St. Louis, I must express my in- ability to do that, some person who kno^vs the philosophical schools of St. Louis much better than I do must speak on that subject. All that I can tell you is that when T was a young' man in Washington L'niversity here, filled with my own ambitions. trying to write poetry and reading all kinds of things, and in trying to find a way out of terrors of dififerent kinds that came to me, the terrors of a purely subjective knowledge which shut me up within my own self, and I did not know how I was going to get out of my own head and find anything" out of myself. I was made an associate member of the Philosophical Society of St. Louis, and I attended a number of those meetings. T remember one meeting particularly in which the guest of honor was Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Emerson read a very remark- able and beautiful paper on that occasion. Emerson was not by nature a controversialist, he disliked that very much, I have heard him say so himself. I think it was on that occasion he was rather severely taken to task bv a gentleman who probably is unknown to anyone of you here, I think he has passed into that grateful oblivion intO' which all such controversialists should pass. But nothing was more beautiful than the way in which the philoso- phers came to the rescue of the visitor, and especially was the rescue made by my own teacher. Professor George H. Hovvison, of Washington L'niversity. 19 I can tell you very little about the philosophical schools of St. Louis, but I can tell you more about some of the philosophical schools outside of this city. I know there was a ^reat phil- osophical school, a very remarkable movement in the city of Ouincy. Illinois. This was under the guidance of Mr. Samuel Emery, and Mr. Samuel Emery had around him a group of men and women who met once a week for the study of fundamental thought. The book that they used was a translation made by Mr. Henry C. Brockmeyer. and that was a translation in manuscript of the logic of Hegel. They were studying, these men and women, business men leaving their business, women leaving their various avocations and coming together once a week in Ouincy to study the logic of Hegel. That was one of the out- growths of the St. Louis Movement. I am endeavoring to demonstrate, and what I wish to show is that the St. Louis Movement was not an isolated fact here in this city on the banks of the great Mississippi, but it was having its influence all over this land, and that everywhere groups of men and women were awakened to know intellectual effort of the highest kind by the word that came from this group of men wdio were in the city of St. Louis. In a neighboring town, Avhere I lived for some ten years and w'here I had the honor of constant association with my good old friend, David Harris, in Jacksonville, Illinois, there was another movement. Jacksonville is perhaps the ''pearl city'' of Illinois, it is a beautiful town, and it has had for a long time a great many educational institutions. They seem to have grouped them- selves there, and the people all around in that neighborhood and that vicinity have, after having built up such competency as they thought desirable, gone to Jacksonville to live, to spend their last days there, and they bring with them their families. It is, there- fore, a rather selected community. I remember the ten years 1 lived there with an interest that I can hardly express. I never had ten happier years in all my life, and no matter what may happen to me in this world or in any other to which I go, I know I shall not meet anywhere nobler men or nobler women. In that toiwn had established himself a man who was born in Missouri and then had gone over to Jacksonville, had attended 20 DR. HIRAM K. JONES Illinois College, and after graduating- from Illinois College, he had become interested and had gone deeply into Greek studies. He went through his medical course and became a doctor, he developed into the most remarkable physician of that town, no other doctor could be placed in comparison with him, and he had a rather curious practice which he developed and used with every patient. When a patient came to him, the first thing that he did was this : He gave him no medicines of any kind whatsoever, he sat down by his bedside, he began to talk to him. He has told me often that he could treat no patient until he found out what his internal, his mental, his spiritual, his psycho- logical condition was. He talked with him over and over again and talked with him on varying subjects, and very frequently he gave no medicines of any kind whatsoever. He left his patient with some healing and consoling vision, and it was very remarkable all over that city that wherever the doctor went, health and cure and consolation accompanied him. Now, this Dr. Hiram K. Jones very soon after his graduation and after his establishment there, in his function as chief phy- sician to the city — because he was that if ever any man was, he needed no appointment from any official source, he had made himself the doctor-in-chief, the developer-in-chief, the adviser- in-chief, the healer-in-chief of that whole city — began the study of Plato. He gradually brought around him a group of men and women comparable with the group in Quincy, Illinois. Mr. Harris and myself sat in that conventicle, in that holy chapel, in that church where the message came from beyond and descended straight from the throne. We sat there listening to the words as they fell from the lips of Dr. Hiram K. Jones. The dialogues of Plato were the text we studied, over and over again did we go through those dialogues ; we went through them scientifically and fully, we studied them as they should be studied. We had the original text, we had all kinds of translations, but above them all. we had the man whose mind was akin to Plato's own, and who, out of that kinship and out of that under- standing, came to us with the great message of the great philosopher, noble and elevating, and we felt that we were listening to the words of the great Greek himself. Now, that was the group in Jacksonville, that group I knew intimately. I cannot say that that group grew out of the St. 23 Louis group, that was an original center of philosophic thought of its own. But the two groups met, and often visitations came both from Quincy and from St. Louis ; from Quincy, Mr. Emery ; from St. Louis Denton J. Snider and Thomas Davidson ; these gentlemen gave talks and lectures before the Plato Club. The Plato Club met every Saturday morning at ten o'clock, the lecture lasted from ten to twelve, and it met always in the house of Mrs. Joseph King. That house is still standing there, and I have gone sometimes to Jacksonville, and, although it is now shut and the family have all gone away, I have stood in front of it and I have thought of the great hours that were spent under that roof in listening to the illuminated words of the great thinker and great man. Coordinate with Dr. Jones there came another man whom we met and who came to us, and this man also, after graduation from college, had been attracted through his Greek study to the Platonistic philosophy. He did not, however, study Plato so much as he became attracted to the great followers of Plato. He was a New-Platonist. This gentleman lives in a little town up in Missouri, I always intended to visit him — Chairman Harris: He died a few months ago. Mr. Block (Cont'd.): I had not heard that. He was Mr. Thomas J. Johnson, of Osceola. That was another philosophic center. Then after the group here in the city of St. Louis had somewhat disintegrated and separated, going to dififerent parts of the covmtry, other groups were formed. I remember very dis- tinctly that Ralph Waldo Emerson, Bronson Alcott, who came to Jacksonville very often, by the way, and made us very prolonged visits, William T. Harris and Dr. H. K. Jones met at Concord. Whether this was a prearrangement with these men, I do not know, whether it was one of those • accidents which are not accidents but milestones in the development of mankind. They met in Concord and they talked it all over, and they decided they would make a philosophic center in Concord and out of that meeting came the Concord School. It was deter- mined on in this meeting, a meeting at which were present the men whom I have mentioned, not only men but women were there as well. Mrs. Jones, the wife of Dr. Jones, Mr. and Mrs. Walcott of Jacksonville, Illinois, Mr. and Mrs. Detmian, of Quincy. They were present in Concord and they decided that 24 they would have the Concord school. Announcements were then made and the Concord School met the following year. I went to the Concord School. I was there during a number of the sessions. Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered no lectures at that time. I remember only one paper that he read once in the church to which he belonged, and that was an evening meet- ing, not connected with the school itself. Mr. Alcott was in all his glory and delivered a great many lectures during the Concord School of Philosophy. Those who were left of the great transcendental group, most of them came to the Concord School of Philosophy; Mrs. Edna Dow Cheney, Dr. Bartol, David A. Wasson, Colonel Thomas W. Higginson, Frank Sanborn ; all these people came to the Concord School of Philosophy. Mr. Emery broke up his home in Quincy and came to live in Concord, and he was the moderator at the various lectures. But this is the main point I wish to come to, and I wish to come to it quickly because I must not prolong this lecture much more. The men who were at the center of the movement in Concord were the St. Louis men and the Jacksonville men. Dr. Jones went there to lecture on Platonism, Mr. Snider was there to lecture on the great poets, Mr. Harris was their leader and shining illuminator in every field. So that the Concord School of Philosophy, when properly understood and properly related to the philosophic movement of this country, is part of and be- longs to the St. Louis Movement. It is a part of the movement which began here in the city of St. Louis. That is another in- dication of how widespread the influence of the St. Louis Move- ment has been. Then there was in Chicago, in the city of Materialistic development and in the city which shows those characteristics of push and rivalry and business that belong to so much of American life, in that city penetrated once again the St. Louis Movement. It came there in all its strength and all its vigor, and Harris and Davidson and Snider established the literary schools under the auspices of Miss Elizabeth Harrison, connect- ed with The Kindergarten College, for four years in succession they came and they had a Shakespeare and a Dante School and a Goethe School and a Homer School, and it was once more the illumination that came from St. Louis that established itself there. 25 Then afterwards, Tliomas Davidson l^ought a farm in tlie Adirondacks, in an attractive place, and in that he built up a summer school of philosophy, and once more the St. Louis people came to that school. Mr. Snider, I believe never went to Glenmore, that was the school of Thomas Davidson, and Davidson and Harris were the great leaders in that school. So once more the St. Louis Movement established itself under the shadows and in the sunlight and besides the running streams of the Adirondacks. That was a great school, and great men as- semble there. Mr. Josiah Royce, of Harvard College, Mr. William James, of Harvard, Mr. Felix Adler, who lived in the neighborhood, Thomas Davidson, William T. Harris. It was a great and remarkable experience while it lasted, but it belongs and distinctly is associated with the St. Louis Movement. I come now to the last one about which I wish to speak, and I feel about this one I should say a few words more, because somehow or other the name of this man has not been mentioned as often as in my own opinion it ought to be. While I was at Washington L^niversity I had several teachers there, who filled me with an admiration and with an affection that I shall carry with me as long as I live. One was the great teacher of mathe- matics. Chancellor Chauvenet. the other was my teacher of Greek, the strange and remarkable personality who came here and went through this valley of tears under the name of Sylves- ter W^aterhouse, possibly some of you remember him. Then, inspiring was the professor of philosophy, (leorge H. Howison. I know of no man who can surpass him in the inspiring power of utterance and in the nobility of his thinking. He was one of the most remarkable men T think this country has ever produced. I want to bring him in here because he has in a way spreaIichigan, filling the place of Professor John Dewey. Professor John Dewey, whatever his weight and in- fluence now is, got his inspiration, his start from the St. Louis Movement and he belongs to the St. Louis Movement. He may not think that he does, and possibly if you spoke to him about it, he might deny it, but nevertheless he does organically belong to it. Mr. Howison went to the L'niversity of California, he be- 26 came the head professor of pliilosoph}- there, and he spent the remainino: years of his life there. He had around him a body of most enthusiastic students, he estabhshed the Philosophic Union there, a union made up principally of the advanced members of his class. This Philosophic Union had regular meeting's in P)erkeley. and it had as lecturers some of the g-reatest men that have figured on both sides of the water, not only men of note in philosophy in America, but in Ciermany. England and France. Professor Howison had a band of enthusiastic students, and this is my final point in the illustration of the wide spread influence of the St. Louis Movement. These pupils that gradu- ated under Professor Howison have become in their turn ])ro- fessors in the great universities of the United States, and the ])resident of the great university of the city of New York, the second largest university in the L'nited States, a university ac- cording to the latest accounts having eleven thousand students, a university absolutely free and connected with the public school system of the city of New York, the j^resident of that great university is Professor Sidney Mezes, a pupil and a graduate from the classes of Professor Howison. The head professor of philosophy at Yale College, Professor Bakewell, an intimate personal friend of Davidson's, was a student, a graduate from Professor Howison. The professor of philosophy at Cornell University, Professor McGillivray is a student and graduate of Professor Howison. The head pro- fessor of philosophy in the John-Hopkins University, Professor Lovejoy, is a student and pupil of Professor Howison. Pro- fessor Overstreet of the University of New York is a student of Dr. Howison. These are the young men who are spreading philosophic thought all over the United States. They are at the head of philosophy in these great institutions. They got their inspiration from Professor Howison, and Professor Howison belongs to the great group of men who flourished here in the city of St. Louis. So that the St. Louis Movement is more alive today than it ever was, and its benign, its elevating, its ennobling influence; its high positive view of life ; its solution of the problems and the difficulties that assail each one of -us; its justification of our highest hopes and of our highest demands, of all our spiritual nature ; its explanations of all the great problems of science, and its elevation in the highest realm of thought and aspiration and 27 emotion, in uniting us with the everlasting, the eternal and the Divine, the work is going on more and more. It is spreading its ennobling influence all over this land; and the St. Louis Move- ment today is larger and wider and grander than it ever has been before. 28 MRS. D. H. HARRIS The Early St. Louis Movement and the Communal University Address by Mrs. D. H. Harris. Dr. Snider insisted that I should speak at this meeting-, as lie wished that all who had taken part and had shown deep interest, in The St. Louis Movement should give their testimony. I told him that we were not then living- in St. Louis, but were in close touch with it, so that we had taken some little part in it. Prof. Block of Chicag-o has just spoken in such ct)mpre- hensive and eloquent terms it seems that there is but little left for me to say about the g-eneral conditions. I can only give some of its more concrete and intimate aspects and some account of our personal experience and intercourse with those who were eng-aged in it. We were living in Jacksonville, Illinois, at the time, my husband being Superintendent of its public schools with Pro- fessor Louis J. Block associated with him as Principal of the High School, so that we shared in what he has described as that most ideal life, and we were associated with those highly cul- tivated and congenial spirits, which secured for the city the distinguished name of "The Athens of the \\ est." We hung as it were upon the fringes of the St. Louis Move- ment, and with the concurrence of our friends we invited the great leaders to visit us there at our home. Dr. Snider came to talk to us ; Dr. Harris visited us ; Mr. Morgan of the High School ; Mr. Thos. Davidson ; also Mr. A. Bronson Alcott, of Concord, Mass., all came to Jacksonville. Mr. Emerson had lectured there earlier. Dr. Snider talked to us on some aspects of the world's literature and aroused warm discussion among the ladies when he spoke of Goethes' ideas of the vocation of woman in Wilhelm Meister. Dr. Snider was altogether stimulating and inspiring. Mr Morgan was the elegant exponent of the classical culture of St. Louis. Mr. Davidson came in the flush of his manhood, his overflowing spirits, his great good humor, extensive learning 31 and wonderful versatility, equally at home in interpreting the Parthenon Frieze or discussing" George Eliots' novels or analyz- ing a Greek tragedy or repeating a Scotch ballad, and charming alike in all. Dr. Harris came as a master of philosophic thought and if any had expected that there would be a tilt of armored knights as he and Dr. Jones met in conflict representing different schools of philosophy they were disappointed, because Dr. Harris' tone and temper were shown there. He was ever the reconciler. He always sought to find points of agreement rather than difference, that from a common vantage ground they might proceed to greater insights into truth. Mr. Alcott was the Socrates, not of the Agora, but of the parlor, for those were the good old Victorian days when we still had parlors. Mr. Alcott was the leader of a circle of cultivated people met for discourse and the success of his "Conversations" as they were called, depended to a large extent upon the intel- ligence and culture of his audience. He endeavored to treat conversation as a fine art, developing it along the lines of grace and beauty as well as insight and knowledge. He visited us two or three times and always charmed us by his gentle lovely spirit. Mr. Alcott was prouder of the attainments and genius of his daughter Louisa Alcott, the author of ''Little Men" and "Little Women" than of his own achievements. Jacksonville was dominated by the Platonic Philosophy of which Dr. Hiram K. Jones was the leader and the exponent. This Plato Club was confined in its interest and influence prin- cipally to Jacksonville. The St. Louis Movement, the genetic center of that great intellectual and spiritual development took place after the Civil War. Mr. Harris, Mr. Brockmeyer, Mr. Snider and Mr. Davidson were associated in this movement which began with the Kant Class and Hegel Club and the study of Plato and Aristotle, Art and Literature. Dr. Harris began with the study of Philosophy to stem the tide of materialism and agnosticism which had swept over the world after the introduction of the theory of Evolution and the rise of the scientific discoveries of Darwin and the so-called con- flict of science and religion. Dr. Harris established his "Journal of Speculative Philosophy" in 1867 to combat the ideas of Her- 32 WM. G. ELIOT Founder of Washington University bert Spencer in his "Fir^t Principles". The motto of the Journal was from Novalis "Though Philosophy can bake no bread it can procure for us God, Freedom and Immortality". Many testimonials have been given showing the attitude of the more advanced clergy to^ward this early movement, appre- ciative of the service it afforded in re-enforcing the faith of manv in this period of conHict and controversy. It is generally known that Herbert Spencer's early theories were finally discredited by himself and now no longer hold a place as a system in the world of philosophic thought. The broad free enlightening character of the movement in St. Louis caused it to spread rapidly. Not the least notable feature was the interest that women took in this development. They had found the advantage of working together during the Civil War and they now began to form clubs for study and self-improvement. "Culture" became the watchword of the time. Classes, Clubs, Reading Circles spread out from St. Louis all over the country and there are now three millions of women in Federated Clubs. Schools, Colleges, and Universities have been increased many fold and women themselves have been lifted up into a power and importance hardly dreamed of before. As one candidate for election recently said before a group of women, they are better fitted through their studies and acquaintance with public affairs to take the reins of government than many men. But women can truly say "That they do not want a matriarchate, although they have a deep interest in the welfare of the State." The ladies who were associated and deeply interested in this great work in St. Louis generously assisted the leaders. Dr. Harris conducted classes largely attended by cultured women ; Dr. Snider led classes in the Greek Drama for several years, and he may be considered to America what Alatthew Arnold is to England, her really Greek Spirit, so thoroughly has he assimulated its character and culture. Dr. \Vm, G. Eliot the founder of Washington University, whose remarkable char- acter sent that institution far on its way, was always the friend and upholder of the women of our city in all their eft"orts for advancement. Mr. Schuyler says the establishment of a perma- nent, chair of philosophy at Washington University at the be- ginning of the present century took the initial step through the 35 MRS. REBECCA N. HAZARD influence of the leaders of the St. Louis movement. Society n^omen threw open their houses to the meetings; among them Mrs. Rebecca N. Hazard, Mrs. Beverly Allen and her daughter Mrs. Orrick, Mrs. Lackland and others. Mrs. Hazard's home was for more than twenty years, almost until her death, the home of a reading circle, where the "Literary Bibles" were studied, notably Dante — Mrs. Hazard herself writing a monograph, "A New View of Dante", which enlisted much interest and favor- able comment. St. Louis has stood back of her great leaders, loyally sustaining them, with approbation and pride in their achievements, until they have gained national and international fame. Dr. Harris' part as the leader in the St. Louis Movement was both as the practical Educator and Philosopher. One has said : "Dr. Harris' philosophic influence in America began just when it was most urgently needed. It was just as the doctrine of Evolution, pregnant itself with such infinite enlightment and good came in, inextricably bound up for the time with English and German philosophy, which saw little beyond secondary cause and destined in that combination to do mischief for a generation. It was imperative that at such a time the youthful speculative minds of the country should be thrown back into companionship with the real lords of thought and taught that the great influx of new science could be subsumed and only adequately subsumed under a commanding idealistic philosophy. This service Dr. Harris rendered America. He compelled a new generation to open again, when there was danger of Its forgetting it, the pages of Hegel, Kant, Aristotle and Plato and to supplement its reading by real thinking. He did it through his "Journal of Speculative Philosophy," through multiplied courses of lectures, through the Concord School of Philosophy, where he was from the first the central and dynamic and really shaping influence and through his many books and pamphlets which kept coming from him all the time. For he was a pro- digious worker and worked till the last, and his work and in- fluence will still go on." He wrote extensively upon philosophy, psychology, educa- tion, social science, art and literature, — giving hundreds of lec- tures to the most cultivated audiences of our country. Among his most important books are ; The Introduction to 39 the Study of Philosophy, Hegel's logic. The Genesis of the Categories of the Mind, The Spiritual Sense of Dante's Divine Corned}^, The I'sychologic Foundations of Education. That was a great day for the philosophers of our country when they realized their long cherished dream in the Concord School of Philosophy. As Mr. Wm. Schuyler says "The Concord School of Philosophy may be considered as the national expan- sion of the local movement". The St. Louis Movement advanced ujion the early seats of learning and culture of our country and occupied their orig- inal strongholds. Here were met the great thinkers, educators and philosophers of the whole country, from the east and west, seek- ing to solve the great problems of thought and life. It was con- sidered one of the most notable gatherings of recent times. We were there for a while and participated in the privileges of the great movement. We chanced to arrive in Concord the evening of the day of their Annual Regatta, celebrating the Fourth of Jul}', which had been postponed on account of the attempted assassination of President Garfield. It was in this refined and artistic way that the Concord people expressed their patriotic impulses and now the whole town with all the visitors and attendants at the school were out to see this charming sight so ^'i\•i(ll\• described in some of her annals of this interesting town by Miss Alcott. The little boats l)rilliantly lighted, each picturing some scene from fancy or history, all moved down on the meandering waters of the Concord River, past the historic statue of the. "Minute Man"' by French, to the enchanting strains of music and the admiring applause of the nniltitudc. We spent our nights under what had been the Alcotts' roof with reminders of "Little Men" and "Little Women" all al^out us. The morning sessions of the School were devoted to lectures and discussions on many interesting and profound ])hilosophic themes. Among the speakers were our own Dr. Jones from the west, discoursing on Plato's Dialogues and Dr. Snider reading from his "Walk in Hellas" which charmed alike by its content as bv its form, with its peculiarly rythmical prose. Among other lecturers were Wm. James of Harvard, also Josiah Royce and John Fisk, the great American Historian, Louis J. Block, Geo. H. Howison and many others of note from L^nivcrsities, Colleges and various seats of learning. There were 40 many notable women present also, Miss Blow from St. Louis with Miss McCulloch of Kindergarten fame, and Miss Fruchte and others of the High School ; Miss Peabody, Mrs. Edna Cheney and Mrs. Julia Ward Howe of Boston were representatives of the eastern women. It was noteworthy, the interest of the newspaper press in ■getting reports of all the sessions and discussions and their dis- tribution of them over the entire country. The Concord School made a profound and lasting impres- sion upon the intellectual life and character of our people. This was one of the great achievements of the St. Louis Movement. There were two other great achievements, the "Journal of Spec- ulative Philosophy," the first of its kind ever published in America, which has been mentioned; it became a bond of intel- lectual interest with the European centers of learning. St. Louis was for the time the World's Center of Philosoi^hic thought and it is said to have aided the interest in our great "World's Fair." The other and third achievement was our St. Louis System of Public Schools, so thoroughly organized on such a scale of broad comprehensive, educational culture that it is considered the most rounded and complete in its curriculum, methods and scope, furnishing the American Model, not only for schools at home, but for foreign nations looking to us for help in con- structing their own educational systems. One of the great results of the St. Louis Movement is still continued and is now upon us in the great new system of thought that Dr. Snider has just given to the world in his System of Universal Psychology — comprised in three volumes: L Psychology and the Psychosis; The Intellect. H. The Will and its World; Psychical and Ethical. HL Feeling with the Prolegomena. He states that philosophy has run its course and that there is a call for a new discipline to take its place. Not that philoso- phy is to be discarded or discredited, but that there is a de- mand for a new formulation of thought. It is not to be expected that America should be satisfied with the philosophy of Europe. America must have a dififerent discipline of thought. So there is Psychology. To be sure, Wundt in Germany, had begun an 41 Experimental Psychology and \\m. James was beginning to lecture on the theme at Harvard and there were others of com- paratively recent times. It was in the air when Dr. Snider made his announcement, but there was no such work as he has given us. This new Discipline is declared to be Psychology, the Science of the Self. It is no longer to be subordinated, but a free science, to make its own method and reveal it in all the creations of the Self, human and divine. The human being, when he begins thinking, recognizes first the Universe as a whole, it enfolds him and he sees its three primal divisions, God, World. Man, the three original fundamental elements and strives to formulate them in each of the three comprehensive disciplines ; Religion, Philosophy and Psychology. The fundamentals of the Universe, God, World, Man, are in a process together and it corresponds to the Self or Ego in its three stages as implicit, self-separating ?.nd self-returning self. This process is called the "Psychosis." The fundamental process of the All or Universe is also a Psy- chosis or "xA.ll Psychosis or Pan (or "Pam") Psychosis". It is through this process that we come upon the norm of the All, the Universal process of man's thinking. It is this norm that Dr. Snider evolves, unfolds, elaborates, illustrates and applies in the most masterful and convincing manner in his Universal Psych- ology and when we have really grasped it we have the key of the Universe. This is really what the old Greeks meant when they said "Man know thyself". All knowledge centers there. Dr. Snider has applied his Psychological principles to every department of thought and reorganized the whole field of human knowledge. Philosophy, Nature, Art, Institutions, History and Biography. These works with the "Literary Bibles" and mis- cellaneous Volumes of poems, "The Lincolniad" and the volumes on the Kindergarten and miscellaneous works make in all about fifty volumes, showing him a most prolific writer. As a side light to his genius and philanthropy it is an interesting fact that all of his writings are preserved in electrotype plates, so that they may be reproduced at any time in the future when interest may demand it". These volumes form the text-books in that "Communal University" that Dr. Snider established and has conducted for the past sixteen years. 42 These classes were at first started at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. D. H. Harris and afterwards transferred to that of Professor Francis E. Cook and wife, who for about three years extended to us the beautiful hospitality of their home. Later in larger classes at the Public Library auditorium and the St. Louis Public School Teachers Society of Pedagogy, Professor Cook ga^e the whole system of Dr. Snider's psychology cover- ing a two years course with his own inimitable charm of manner and breadth of culture frequently with an attendance of more than a hundred in this one class or department of the Society. In LS94 the Society of Pedagogy had been reorganized up- on a plan drawn up by Professor Wm. M. Bryant on the lines of University Extension and was probably the largest Educa- tional organization of the kind in the West, numbering about fifteen hundred members. Miss Amelia C. Fruchte later became president of this Society of Pedagogy of the Public Schools for two years, and organized and conducted it on the general plan of the Universal Psychology in a most complete organization and brilliant manner. It is thought by competent judges that the results of her work in this society were the best of any of similar nature in the whole country. Professor W. J. S. Bryan said "It was wonderful be- cause for the first time here was an instrumentality that bridged the difference and the distance between the School and the home." There was often an attendance of more than two thousand persons, teachers and parents, at the different sessions where classes and lectures were arranged on different lines of study, gaining the interest and attendance of parents of pupils and the friends of the schools as well as of the teachers. The later home of the Communal University was for a num- ber of years in the assembly or lecture room of the Cabanne Branch Library where on Monday evenings might be found from twenty to one hundred persons deeply interested in the subjects presented. The principles of Psychology were elucidat- ed and applied to every department of knowledge. Dr. Snider gave us in Nature. "The Cosmos" and "The Diacosmos". the great material world and the invisible forces that move it; in "The Biocosmos", man as a physical being and his relation to the material world, of absorbing interest in the light of modern sci- ence. In Art he states the High Building to be America's con- tribution to Architecture, resting on its solid foundation which 43 corresponds to the implicit stage of the Self or Ego, it rises up and divides out into all its many apartments; opening to light i.nd air as the elevators open to the numerous floors. As the elevators circulate through, they give it life and movement in their course from foundation to roof and return, a marvelous process of activity. Those who have seen the VVoolworth build- ing in New York know how admirably it lends itself to adorn- ment in form and color and how beautiful it may be made. It is the most wonderful thing in America, it seems to foreign eyes, the triumph of modern art in architecture. Dr. Snider has a remarkable treatise on Music which Mr. Spamer has presented, ably treated in this report; showing us that it is the thrill of the self-separating — .self-returning — self, awakened l)y harmonious •rounds that gives us all those emotions and thrills that have such infinite power in our spiritual life. It is the threefold movement of the self that stirs us, illuminates, stimulates and inspires us. Dr. Geek has also illustrated his ])rinciples of the interpretation of music. Dr. Snider gives in his Social Institutions, the psychology of the Family, the Church, the State. Also the Educational In- stitutions which he has added to Hegel's formulation and which our modern life requires. In "The State" he elaborates the Psy- chology of law and government in their various forms and func- tions. A\'hen after an absence of six years I returned to St. Louis and attended the great Worlds Fair then in progress, I was impressed with the frequency and earnestness with which the St. Lo'uis speakers referred to the social institutions. No other phase of the St. Louis Movement seems to have impressed them more deeply. How earnestly they spoke of the family, of the church, of the state. Man can realize his spiritual nature, his highest possibilities only through institutional life. As I said to Dr. Snider recently this is what ought to be revived and now taught again, when Bolshivism begins to raise its head here in America and lawlessness and disorder attack us, we must oppose them with a return to the teaching of his work on Institutions. Dr. Snider gave us a very complete Psychology of History, beginning with Herodotus, the Father of History, showing why he is called the "Father", and extending this course through European History and that of America. "The Ten Years War of America" being the Iliod of our woes, which extended through five vears of western or Kansas l)order warfare and the John 44 J]rown defiance of constitutional liberty, which culminated in our Civil War. This last volume forms the back g-round of his llioji^Taphy of Abraham Lincoln, the first of his great biographies. He treats Biography as a special form of literature in his new method and in it he gives Goethe's "Life Poem." Emerson's "Life Essay" and Shakespeare's "Life Drama". Under Autobiography he gives "A Writer of Books" and the "St. Louis Movement''. This last volume contains in the Ap- j^endix a complete formulation of his system of Psychology. First "The Psychological Organon"; Second "The World Psy- chologized"; Third "The Self Psychologized". Aristotle's Logic, Bacon's Inductive Philosophy and Hegel's Dialectic are the three great Eurojican ( )rgana. and Dr. Snider's "Psychosis" or Psychological Organon is the first that America has given the world. He has also given a group of poems, the ex])ression of his Greek period, "Homer in Chios", "Delphic Days". "Agamem- non's Daughter", "Prorsus Retrorsus", also the "Johny Ap- pleseed Rhymes", giving the American Myth, a story of Ohio. Also a book of war Poems, "The House of Dreamery" and "The Shakesperiad," unique in its form and spirit. His most ex- tended poem is "The Lincolniad" in four volumes; "Lincoln in the Black Hawk War", "Lincoln and Ann Rutledge". "Lincoln in the White House", "Lincoln at Richmond". Dr. Snider considers the comjjlete literary treatise of Lin- coln's career one of the most persistent and wide spread aspira- tions of our time. Hence he adds "The Lincolniad'' to his prose biography as an expression in poetic form of that which prose is unable to convey. This gives the com]jlete picture of the great American Hero. He portra}"s the whole refund of Lin- coln's experience. Drinkwater's drama sufit'ers by comparison, as it makes no mention of Ann Rutledge, which is the very heart of it as giving the psycological basis of Lincoln's life; for his love for Ann Rutledge was the transfiguring power in Lincoln's experience, lifting him up out of the ordinary, almost into the divine, in the depth and powder of his lo\-e for the sufifering. the helpless, the oppressed. Those deep furrows on his face cannot be under- stood except by the overwhelming, never-to-be-forgotten loss of 45 Ann Rutledge. Dr. Snider has gone beyond any other biograph- er of Lincohi in this story. Then there is a group of Kindergarten books on "Froebel's Life and Work" and lastly a miscellaneous group comprising "A Walk in Hellas", with an international reputation, by many con sidered his most charming book ; "The Tour in Europe" ; "The Chicago Worlds Fair Studies" ; also two novels "The Freeber- gers" and "Castle Esperance". The Literary Bibles formed the basis of Dr. Snider's Liter- ary Schools in Chicago, Milwaukee and other cities. They give the profoundest insight into the meaning of the four great world poets, Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe, that has ever been given and they were studied from time to time in the Com- munal University of St. Louis to the delight and profit of all present. Mr. Snider calls them Literary Bibles, as they are next to the Sacred Bible of Revelation, the highest utterances in liter- ary and artistic form of the race. They justify the ways of God to man, and confirm man's faith in a Supreme Being, and for this reason they are of enduring worth and veneration. These subjects have formed the curriculum or basis of the course at the "Communal University". As these free lectures were not extensively advertised probably many who might have availed themselves of this great opportunity and secured a com- plete outline of the great fundamental facts of the entire history of the world in its development and progress in civilization and thought, also of the classic world ; of philosophy, literature and art, perhaps many have lost a lifetime opportunity, yet all who are interested may avail themselves of these works which may be obtained from the Public Library. Yet without the personal sponsor. The Communal L'niversity aft'orded a liberal education for all who would take it along broad lines and it was inspiring to every one who participated. In his munificence Dr. Snider has written and published all the text-books and furnished them free to his classes and as a return has only exacted a promise of study and regular attendance at all of the sessions. He has pursued not the method of the lecturer but always the Socratic method of question and voluntary answer as insuring the most thorough understanding of every subject. There has always been an open forum for the discussion of every topic of general interest to the community. 46 It is rumored tliat these classes that have been interrupted for a time will be opened again with some additional teaching force. The classes are open to all. I feel myself, with Mr. Harris, obligated to give this tribute of gratitude to Dr. Snider for all that we have received from this "Communal University". As the years go by, as students and thinkers become acquainted with these great works of formulated thought they will be accepted and more fully ap- preciated ; this will insure the perpetuity and the Immortality of the "St. Louis Movement". HENRY C. BROCKMEYER Henry G. Brockmeyer's Place in the St. Louis Movement Compiled of extracts from Denton J. Snider's book, The St. Louis Movement, by Mrs. D. J. Snider. The germinal starting point of the St. Lonis Movement was a man and a book. The man was Henry C. Brockmeyer, 1he book was Hegel's Larger Logic. "This book was Brockmeyer's one Supreme Book; it meant to him more than any other human production, and was pro- bably the source of his great spiritual transformation from social hostility and inner discord and even anarchism, to a re- conciliation with his government and indeed with the World Order, after his two maddened flights from civilization." To Mr. Brockmeyer belongs the unique distinction of having made the only translation of Hegel's Larger Logic in its en- tirety into English. "Brockmeyer began the translation in 1860. He was then lodged somewhere on the old South Market in a single bare attic, boarding himself and sleeping on the floor, (so I have heard him with humor dilate). He had been frugally pensioned with bread and room rent by W. T. Harris and a group of friends to make the translation of Hegel's Larger Logic (the Book of Fate) which was also intended to be a world stormer. The strange fact is that it has not been printed, and still stays unborn in manuscript after nearly sixty years of waiting. Indeed one is inclined to think that this translation of Hegel's Logic has had a peculiar doom hanging over it from the moment of its first written line. I have watched it more than half a century, now rising to the surface, then sinking out of sight as if under some curse of the malevolent years. Thus the creative book of Hegel's system was never put into English type, and has remain- ed quite inaccessible to the English speaking student. This to my mind has been the chief fatality in the propagation of the work and its doctrines, for it always has had and always will have its distinctive appeal to certain minds and even to certain times." 51 GEOUG V/ILHELM FREDERICH HEGEL Two men from Illinois were daring enough to carry Brock- meyer's manuscript translation of Hegel's Logic from the banks of the Mississippi to the shores of the Atlantic, where it collided with America's most famous philosopher, William James of Harvard L'niversity, who mentions the fact in one of his essays. "He (James) announced the arrival in a philosophical club at Boston of two young business men from Illinois, enthusiastic Hegelians, 'who with little or no knowledge of German had actually possessed themselves of a manuscript translation of the entire three volumes of the Logic made by an extraordinary Pomeranian immigrant named Brockmeyer'. Such is the faint rather spectral glimpse which the Harvard Professor has caught of the St. Louis Movement and of its big "Book of Fate". Brock- meyer. by the way, was not a Pomeranian but a Prussian of Minden. Moreover, James observes that the said Club, of which he was a member, had gone over a good part of Hegel's Logic under the self-constituted leadership of those two green jihi- losophic suckers from Quincy, Illinois, who had never been at a German L'niversity, and who could not even read the original text of their master, digging laboriously their knowledge of his doctrine up from Brockmeyer's barbarous Teutonic-English. It could only be deemed an act of unparalleled presumption on the part of those insolent Westerners, as we may hear in an under-tone out of the epithet self-constituted, and some other nuances of style." "Now I am inclined to believe that just this meeting of James with these two fervent believers in Hegel and their one Great Book was an important epoch in his philosophical develop- ment. He did not say so and probably did not think so, and might even have resented such a statement, still be bore the impress of this experience through life, even if by way of op- position. For he now saw men who had a living faith in Phi- losophy, and were ready to impart it with a missionary zeal, ex- pounding it to him and the Club from the strange hieroglyphs of the "three big folios" of their manuscript Bible. Moreover he had brushed against the greatest (lerman world-book of Philosophy, not excepting Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, of which it is indeed the sovereign remedial corrective, bringing intellectual restoration after overcoming man's ultimate denial. I dare think that Professor James must have gotten lasting, even if unconscious value from the scene and the man thus de- 55 scribed by him : *A more admirable homo unius libri than one of them with his three big folios of Hegelian manuscript I have never had the good fortune to know.' Doubtless this passage is tuned to an ironical note, still the writer of it never forgot, never could rid himself of the impressive fact which he here witnessed at least from the outside — ^the fact of the world's thought unified, inter-related, and organized into one complete system, and one man's unshaken belief in such a system." It was mainly for the purpose of printing Mr. Brockmeyer's translation of Hegel's Larger Logic that the St. Louis Philoso- phical Society was organized in January, 1866, with Henry C. Brockmeyer as president, and W. T. Harris as Secretary. It failed in this purpose, yet was otherwise a success, for it grew to be not only a pervasive influence in the community, but be- came known throughout the world by means of Dr. Harris' Journal of Speculative Philosophy. Having spoken of the germinal starting point of the St. Louis Movement, I think that I ought at least to mention before I close its culmination — nothing less than a new world discip- line, Psychology. Since the transition into this new system of Thought was evolved mainly out of Hegel's Larger Logic, the necessity of printing Brockmeyer's translation becomes appar- ent. Brockmeyer made a second translation of this book about 1890-5. This translation, after careful comparison with the original German text and correction for publication by Prof. L. J. Block, has been placed in the keeping of the Missouri Historical Society, by D. H. Harris of St. Louis. Let us hope, it will be printed some dav. 56 THOMAS DAVIDSON Thomas Davidson By Percival Chubb Mr. Chairman, Ladies and (ientlenien: \ have a personal story to tell you. the story of one man ; but let me first relate that one man to the group of whom you hdve heard today, and to the event which brings us here. Coupled with the name of Thomas Davidson, of whom I am to speak, must be that of Denton J. Snider whom we meet to honor, and others as.-ociated with them both to whom we would pay tribute because they were men who endured to the end ; men who under the temptations and the pressure of the great commercial mo\'ement with its mightv prizes, yet spurned anything that did not serve their own ideals. My story links St. Louis with London and Europe. Tt tells of the man who, when he departed from St. Louis, was known familiarly among his peers as "Tom Davidson", but who before he died became Thomas Davidson, not of St. Louis, not of America, but of the modern world: the man who, when he died, was characterized in the pages of the London "Spectator", as "the last of the wandering scholars". Assuming the background of the earlier years of Davidson's life in St. Louis already sketched in for you, I begin with a meet- ing in 1882 at the then recently established Aristotelian Society in London. It was not long after there had been a visit to that Society about which a word should be said. Enter a tall, rather gaunt but distinguished figure, who sat down beside the presi- dent, listened attentively to the paper, and was then called upon somewhat in this fashion : "We are honored this evening by the presence of a man well known to all of you. William T. Harris, of St. Louis : well known because he is the editor of the "Journal of Speculative Philosophy" : This distinguished St. Louisan closed the meeting with an interesting speech. It may have been a year later: Enter a man who was. let us say rotund, rubicund, and genial, with a merry twinkle of the eye. That man was Thomas Davidson. At the close of the meeting he too was asked to speak, and, as it happened (you will have to pardon the personal reference), following a paper 59 which I had read, — for that was the evening of my terrifying debut as a philosopher before the Society. My youthful paper on Plato's Ethical Theory amused Thomas Davidson, — so much so, in fact, that he invited me to come over and have a talk at his hotel. The sequel was an invitation to visit him in a beauti- ful little villa on the hillsides of Domodossola, just over the Simplon, in Italy. He was there, after studying the medieval commentaries on Aristotle, to prepare a book on the modern Catholic philosojiher, Rosmini, who had cast a spell upon him. His learning had made its deep impression upon the scholarly people he had met in Rome, and he had every door thrown open to him. He had come here with his books and belongings in order to get what help he might from the Rosminians whose monastery was located in this spot. Davidson had an extraordinary sympathy with young fel- lows who seemed to be moving along the path which several of us were at that time exploring, the path that beckoned toward social renovation. On this theme we talked as we wandered over those mountain slopes. I feasted on his helpfulness and kindness, and learned to know the range of his scholarship and the religious earnestness of his spirit. He helped me in my beginner's Greek and Italian, and we indulged our common en- thusiasms for certain leaders of revolt and reconstruction. For Davidson was firmly convinced that a time had come in the development of society when those spirits who felt its short- comings and had any Utopian idealism should join together and form a society dedicated to the service of the new life of their vision. W hen he came back to London, not long after, we gathered together for him a group of kindred spirits, who met in his lodgings in Chelsea, near where Carlyle and George Eliot had lived. Out of these gatherings two organizations resulted : the first was called "The Fellowship of the New Life," — later, "The New Fellowship." Differences of opinion led to the friendly secession of the more politically-minded, of the group who pro- ceeded to form another organization which they called the Fabian Society, — a now famous body, which has recently played an imj^ortant role in helping to fornudate the program of the British Labor Party. That visit of his to London was made partly in order to see 60 through the press, books which Davidson had just produced. To one of these I must pay particular attention, because it forges that link which I spoke of between St. Louis and Europe. It is entitled, "The Parthenon Frieze and other Essays" ; and it has this dedication : — "To the memory of Arthur Amson (born in Missouri, July 1, 1855: died at Leipzig, July 7, 1875), whose early loss no future earthly gain can ever make good to me, — I dedicate these few gleanings from the field in which he was so eager and so well fitted to be a reaper, as a small tribute of an affection in which time has no inheritance." One of his school- boys of St. Louis, was this gifted youth, Arthur Amson. How far Davidson was responsible for his going abroad I am not sure ; but how deep and fine was his feeling for the lad is evidenced by this dedicatory sonnet, which opens another window upon Thomas Davidson's gifts, showing him to be a skilled poet: "Upon a broken tombstone of the Prime When youths, who loved the gods, were loved again And rapt from sight, two human forms remain. One, shrunk with years and hoary with their rime, Gropes for the hand of one who sits sublime And, calm in large-limbed youth, prepares to drain The cup of endless life. In vain ! in vain ! He cannot reach beyond the screen of time. So, Arthur, as our human years go by, I stand and blindly grope for thy dear hand, And listen for a whisper from thy tongue. In vain ! in vain ! I only hear Love cry : 'He feasts with gods upon the eternal strand' ; For they in whom the gods delight die young.' " The scene now shifts from Europe to New York, where he later settled down to lecture and write. Here I joined him, to begin, with his generous assistance, my new life in this country. At the dock to greet me, amid the rejoicings of the 4th of July, he took me straight to the Summer School which he had estab- lished at Farmington, Connecticut, where he gathered a choice group of people. Many followed him in that second and more famous venture of his, the Summer School at Glenmore in the Adirondacks. Here is another link with St. Louis ; for among those who enjoyed his hospitality on the estate which he had bought, was his old friend Dr. William T. Harris, who erected 61 PERCIVAL CHUBB Popular Leader of the Ethical Society of St. Louis a cottage on it. There came other St. Louisans, including Miss Amelia Friichte, so well known to you here. Many people looked in upon him in his mountain home, where his life now centered. They delighted in the picturesque- ness of the man who, like a Scottish laird of his clan, was fre- quently seen in his kilts, and gave great delight by his recitations of Scottish poetry. Simplicity was the keynote of the life there, as it was of the man himself. Every morning he might be seen going to the little stream that trickled from the hill-top, his towel over his shoulder, to perform his ablutions before breakfast ; and at noon making for the pool at the brook for a bracing splash in its cold, cold waters. For the most engaging account of him in his habit as he lived there, I must refer you to that back number of McCiure's Magazine in which one of his most valued visitors, William James, paid the genial tribute of a friend and a philoso- pher to one of his compeers. The scene changes now to the lower East side of New York. Davidson had been invited, I think by Mr. Joseph Pulitzer, of St. Louis memory, whose friend he was, to speak to an East- side assemblage of young Jews. He was to give them a lecture on history. When he had finished, those young socialists, full of dogmatism and daring, "went for'' this up-town academician. When they had done pouring their hot shot into him, he replied. He had been much interested. They had been very dogmatic ; and he could tell them that for much of what they had said there was no basis of fact. They were evidently ignorant of history, and had not earned the right by the study of it to have an opinion about most of the things they had discussed. But he liked their spirit. If they were willing to learn, he was willing to teach. They accepted the invitation, and thence came the establishment of The Bread Winners' College. There was a complete cur- ^^ ^^^-^ - creation. And this psychical process may be said to be running through and holding together all Art. (Applause) 144 WILLIAM MARION REEDY William Marion Reedy By A. A. H. The character and career of the late Mr. Reedy made him distinctively one of the outstanding- figures in the intellectual and literary life of St. Louis. His experience took him through every phase of its lights and shadows and he mixed and mingled with the good and bad ; but he and his ]ia])er rose gradually superior to untoward influences. From a boy-reporter on the great dailies he became the editor of the "Mirror" which was so thoroughly the exponent of his personality that it became "Reedy's Mirror" and while its base was St. Louis, from which nothing could tempt him to a larger sphere, his thought was reflected over the world. The Mirror was found in London., Paris, Vienna, and on the news stands of all the great centers of European civilization. It was not a purveyor of news, but it was devoted to observation and com- ment, to criticism and instruction. His wide knowledge of men, of events, of politics, of books, of the thought of the times, his generosity to struggling aspirants for literary recognition, his keen humor, his salient wit, his lucid style, brilliant and scintillant — all combined in the unique genius of Reedy to make the Mirror the success that it was. As a speaker Mr. Reedy was as fluent and forceful and de- lightful as in his writings. He was frequently chosen by St. Louis, as its spokesman on civic occasions. On his last public appearance, at "The Missouri Authors Week" at Vandervoorts Music Hall he presided with ease, grace and propriety as was his wont. His genial manner, his flow of wit and wisdom all gave charm and distinction to the occasion. His departure is felt with keen regret, not only by his i)er- sonal friends, but bv the citv itself. 146 Poem Dedicated to Dr. Denton J. Snider on his 80th Birthday, January 9th, 1921, by Katharine Higgins Sommers. Through a veil of misty radiance I watch the snow flakes fall. Pure, and beautiful, they flutter over shrub and house, and all. With ermine mantles they wrap the leafless trees, Then softly hide themselves among the leaves. Your work of eighty years they whis])er me "Obey the Universal law and thus be free." You taught me to transcend all earthly ties, To look at life, and all created things with psychic eyes. One must catch the elemental sounds he hears, And find within himself the music of the spheres. LINCOLN'S MOTHER, By Mrs. Katharine Higgins Sommers. Inspired by Dr. Snider's Extensive treatise of Lincoln. Her day began as amber-tinted dawn Shot yellow streaks through virgin forests brown. And ended when the searching stars looked down. Awaking music stored within her soul Shedding Heavens rays of magic light Revealing vistas of the infinite. While natures' wind-harps chanted "DeProfundis" Forests for her, their wonderous secrets, trace And scented silence taught her poise and grace. P>irds filled the space with sweetest song; Symphonic mid the beauty of their lay, The tender coos of nearby doves re-echoed all the day. Flattery's fawning face, nor grandeur's show Nor greedy passions of the noisy mart Nor fortune's pride of place corrupt her heart. Bringing water from the wayside spring, Teaching lessons to her growing child. She reigned supreme within the rugged wild And when at last her lowly tasks were done. She gave to all mankind, yet left forlorn, A matchless son. for Freedom born. 147 IN MEMORIAM. Miss Amelia Fruchte. To know her was to love her, a heart so full of truth, A mind so stored with beauty, with great ideals, for sooth, It could not harbor malice, but overflowed with good For those who sometimes faltered, she always understood. The glory of her nature, for years and years to come, Her jovful, helpful friendship, we'll cherish, every one. "A MAN FOR ALL AGES." Dr. Denton J. Snider. By Mrs. Adeline Palmier Wagoner The hands of the painter deftly draw Pictures of things he never saw; The mind of the poet paints the thing He dreams and weaves into a ring; The soul of the singer soars above To realms of beauty, joy and love. Today we honor the man, fourscore, Who's all these magic gifts of lore, \\'ho makes life glad for those who come To learn his triumphs, nobly won. If only our hearts and minds could tell One half we know and feel so well, The earth with clarion notes would ring To laurel him whose praise I sing. Adeline Palmier Wagoner 148 The St. Louis Tercentenary Shakespeare Society By Mrs. Adeline Palmier Wagoner It was in 1916 that Mrs. Adeline Palmier Wagoner, inspired by the writings of Dr. Denton J. Snider, the great Shakespeare scholar, the almost half century Shakespeare teaching of Miss Amelia Fruchte, conceived, collected and catalogued an Exhibi- tion of things pertaining to Shakespeare and his Portrayers to celebrate the Bard's Tercentenary. Together with this most interesting and instructive exhibition, there were daily Shake- speare Programs given in the Vandervoort Auditorium, to which the leading Scholars and Musicians lent their talent. Encouraged by the very large attendance at these entertain- ments, the work and moral svipport of Dr. Snider and Miss Fruchte, Mrs. Wagoner arranged to give monthly Shakespeare programs in the Vandervoort Auditorium, with the view of inter- esting the public in worth-while literature, and so was formed The St. Louis Tercentenary Shakespeare Society, with Mrs. Wagoner as Executive Chairman; Miss Fruchte. President; Dr, Snider, Honorary President. After the death of Miss Fruchte. Mrs. Wagoner became President of the Society, which now num- bers over one hundred members. As State V'ice-President of the National Shakespeare Society of Washington, D. C, Mrs. Wago- ner has already inaugurated a movement to interest the various towns of Missouri in forming Shakespeare Societies to unite with the Tercentenary in a State Federation which will be an invaluable force in raising the Cultural Standard of Missouri. 149 MIS^AMEj;iA C I7?(/CI{ir^ In Memoriam Miss Amelia G. Fruchte By Chester B. Curtis. It is an honor to participate in this programme dedicated to the distinguished philosophers, educators and authors and to Dr. Denton J. Snider, whose eighteith birthday we celebrate on this occasion. It is an added privilege to speak especially of and for my friend Miss Amelia C. Fruchte, whose memory we honor today. Miss Fruchte dwelt on the plateau of life. She climbed early to a high level of attainment and continued on the plateau till death. She climbed the slope in eighteen years, catching visions of future efforts, and inspirations for a half century of achievement. A plateau is a plane appreciably above the general level of territory, thought or character. Miss Fruchte lived on such a plane, often seeing peaks and ranges of greatness towering above, heights from whence came her strength, and occasionally looking into an awful abyss of dejection. Life would be mono- tonous, even on a plateau, were it not varied by emotional exper- iences both dejecting and exhilarating. Hers was a nature of tremendous intensity; one which sought expression in super- latives and in extremes. Miss Fruchte lived on the heights. Her ideals were high, as should become a teacher. Early in life she sought the personal influence of those whose philosophy was deep and whose ideals were high. She associated herself with Dr. Snider, Dr. Harris and the Concord School of Philosophy — outstanding exponents of mental and spiritual culture. In Psychology, Science, Liter- ature and Art she found the masterpieces, master minds, even the masters themselves. Her ideals were always evident in personal matters. In bearing Miss Fruchte possessed a queenly dignity. She dressed elegantly, though simply, always with an accidental, all the more emphasized by an otherwise plain setting. A dash of red against her black hair or dress was characteristic of her strong tendencv to contrasting extremes. 153 In social relations she revealed a nature demanding and ap- preciating- the highest ideals of gentlemanly courtesy. In books she loved the choicest editions ; in literature, the best works ; in philosophy, the most profound ; in art, intrinsicial- ly the best. The plateau was nowhere more pronounced in Miss Fruchte's life than in the realm of imagination. Once an idea began to develop, it took the wings and motive power of an aeroplane into the realm of Castles in the Air. She motored on many a safe trip riding on the placid joy of imagination. Only the landing — the coming- back to earth — was difficult. If her plans could have been realized with no more expense than the Castles which she visualized, many more very considerable achi- evements Avould now be credited to her remarkable efforts. Her interests were not restricted to the walls of the class room. She entered into the social, sociological, educational and even political fields of St. Louis, in some of them as a pioneer ; in all an ardent worker. Miss Fruchte participated in the organization of the Wednes- day Club, of the Teachers' Fellowship Society and in the de- velopment of the Society of Pedagogy, which enjoyed practic- ality a reorganization during her presidency, and in the organiza- tion of the Shakespeare Tercentenary Society. Miss Fruchte did her real work and established her place in this community as a teacher of Shakespeare at Central High School. Thousands of our citizens came under her influence, some appreciating to the full the character of her instruction, others failing then, to realize what it was all about. A strong character is always seen in asymmetric aspects. By some, through the eyes of a cartoonist, by others with the vision a true delinea- tor. Her strong personality ; her marked and contrasting moods, impressed our youth with the idea that Miss Fruchte was a unique character. This impression was and is correct; but she was as great as she was unique. Youth looks through cartoon eyes, exaggerates impressions, draws hasty conclusions. Miss Fruchte's true worth was in her staunch advocacy of high ideals for boys and girls, standards of conduct which for her measured their mental and moral development. 154 MR. CHESTER B. CURTIS Former Principal, Central High School Her true greatness as an instructor lay in her power of interpretation of plot and counterplot, in the deliniation and contrast of characters found in the plays of Shakespeare, through which she tried to drive home to the youth of this city the truths on which their lives might be directed. Such comprehens- ive teaching was not always understood by those whose method was strictly memoriter. But it was a tremendously effective method for pupils who possessed imaginative minds, a method more appreciated by all students in after life than at the time of the experience. The influence of Amelia C. Fruchte will persist in St. Louis throughout still another generation because she is an abiding element in the character of our younger citizens. Her name is inscribed on the parchment roll of history in the Citv of St. Louis. 1.57 Letters from Friends Many appreciative messages with congratulations from friends especially interested in this meeting were read by Mrs. Curtis B. Parker. Among these were letters from Prof. L. A. Kalbach of the National Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. ; Miss Elizabeth Harrison, Chicago, 111. ; Pres. Wm. W. Par- sons, of the Terre Haute Indiana Normal School; Pres. John R. Kirk of the Kirksville Missouri Normal School ; Prof. John B. Wisely, Terre Haute, Ind. ; Mrs. Ruth Morris Kersey, Rich- mond. Ind. ; Miss Mary E. Nicholson, Indianapolis, Ind. ; Miss Susan V. Beeson, Farmington, Mo. Lack of space compels us to exclude these interesting com- munications. The exercises of the meeting were concluded with a banquet in the evening at the Planters Hotel arranged by Mrs. Harry Wagoner; Wm. F. Woerner presiding, especially commemora- tive of the 80th birthday of Dr. Denton J. Snider, which was of great interest, although Dr. Snider was detained by illness from attendance. Addresses were made by distinguished citizens and visitors. It is regretted that the spirit and marked interest of all the meetings could not be adequately reported. The chairman and managers of the meeting desire to express their thanks to all who so cordially and efficiently responded and helped to make it a success. Our thanks are extended to the Central High School for their music which added greatly to the occasion. We hereby acknowledge our great indebtedness to the Scruggs, Vandervoort, Barney Dry Goods Co. and especially to the manager Mr. M. L. Wilkinson for the use of the Vandervoort Music Hall, the artistic programs and general service. D. H. HARRIS, Gen. Manager. 158 Address at Banquet in Honor of Dr. Denton J. Snider A friend of mine has said that an ounce of taffy is worth a pound of epitaphy. But there is something better than either, namely, a sincere expression of admiration and affection. This blesses him that receives and still more him that gives. I am glad to be one of this company which has met to pay a tribute of honor and esteem to Dr. Denton J. Snider. There are two kinds of wealth, the material and the spiritual. Of the former our factories and industrial enterprises, our farms and ships, our railroads and mines are creators. But those who add to the spiritual wealth of humanity are the thinkers and inspirers of the world. Wa need both, but in this age the material is better appreciated than the intellectual, moral and spiritual. And it is well for us, citizens of a city of which we are proud, to appreciate and show our appreciation of those who serve by deepening and clarifying the thoughts of men. Dr. Snider is a knight errant of the intellectual life, a remark- able figure in the noble company of thinkers. His career has been one of complete devotion to ideal interests and his activity and productiveness tremendous. Yet he is by no means a mere thinking apparatus, and his philosophy is vastly more than a soulless play of concepts. As we read his books, we realize how true it is that it is the whole man that thinks. His life is like a river, growing wider and deeper as it nears the end. Although best known as a philosopher, many will regard him primarily as a literary man. His powers of delineation and characterization are remarkable. One of his most charming books is that on the St. Louis Movement. He makes his char- acters live and presents them as intensely human, with their faults as well as their virtues, yet he leaves the reader in sym- pathy with even the most imperfect of them. One feels all the while that his author is a genial personality, whose affections have remained unspoiled and whom one would like to know. Time would fail me were I to speak of his philosophy, and there are many excellent people who cannot fully appreciate him because they do not take philosophy seriously. But we realize its importance when we understand that it is a lifelong struggle against one sided ideas of life, and is of extreme practical im- portance since it is the unseen framework of all we think or do. We must, of course, think our own thoughts, but we do that effectively only when we think in the light of other men's thoughts, and know something of the evolution of the great ideas of the human race. Moreover, the knowledge of great and wide truths is not only practically important, but it is worth while for its own sake. The beatific vision is the supreme joy. Dr. Snid,er has served well his city and country and will be long and gratefully remembered by those whose intellectual eyes he has opened and to whom he has been an open door of new life. GEORGE ROWLAND DODSON. 159 D. H. HARRIS READING THIS REPORT PLEASE DO LIKEWISE Report of the Early St. Louis Movement Centennial Appendix Illustrations Introduction As representative of the important movement presented in this Report, we have been urged by state and local authorities to participate in portraying these interests in this the Centennial of the founding of our state. We, therefore, present this Report of the Early St. Louis Move- ment and this Illustrated Appendix as showing its background and environment in a partial and limited way ; yet giving in the portraits of a few of its eminent leaders, notable buildings, and other features, some idea of the part and importance that St. Louis has had in the wonderful history of Missouri. While St. Louis is the commercial metropolis of the state, the market and distributing point of the great Southwest, the most centrally located large city in the L'nited States, the greatest inland port of commerce, her interests are not confined to these special activities. To show the ample educational facilities of our public schools, we add to what has previously been mentioned about our famous Kindergarten system — the cuts or pictures of some of our great modern schools, which are here presented — unexcelled in the country. Also our numerous private schools, preparatory, col- leges, universities — all make St. Louis pre-eminent in education and culture. Our many churches stand as the index of moral and religiovis aspirations. The facilities for refined amusement and entertainment af- forded by our country clubs, theaters, moving picture shows. our various musical organizations — all indicate a favorable at- mosphere for those wishing to establish themselves where good fellowship, congenial society and helpful, healthy environment contribute to making delightful homes. Many of the following facts, places and faces are already famil- iar to our citizens ; but this brief sunniiary is historical and may be of interest to visitors and strangers scattered over the whole country, whom, we hope, this account may reach. It is intended to create a larger acquaintance with St. Louis. We take pride in saying that we are of no mean city. 165 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS— (Appendix) Statue of St. Louis - 1 67 Pierre Laclede, Founder of St. Louis - 168 August Chouteau - ^'0 World's Fair Directors - 171 St. Louis Fair Monument - 173 Municipal Open Air Theater - 174 Forest Park Pavilion 176 Winter Sport in Forest Park -. - 176 St. Louis Pageant and Masque ; 177 Halsey C. Ives - - 178 Art Museum - - 179 An Incident of the French Revolution — Julian Story 180 Jules Dupre — "In Pasture" - - 181 Kilt ranee Hall — Art Museum — Sculpture 182 The Jefiferson Memorial Building 183 Thomas Jefferson — Statue by Carl Bitter - 184 LTnion Station - - - - 185 The St. Louis Coliseum - 186 Interior of Coliseum - 187a Hotel Statler 187 Arcade Building - - -- ..188 Railwav Exchange - -IS*^ First National Bank - - - ....100 City Hall - - 191 Municipal Courts Building - 192 Old Court House - - 193 Olive Street Canon -- -- 194 Kingsburv Place - - 195 Fads Bridge 196 Rev. Salmon Giddings ■ .,..197 The First Presbyterian Church, 1855 -. 199 The Present First Presbyterian Church , 200 Rev. Samuel J. Niccolls ^ 201 The .Second Presbyterian Church.... 202 Rev. Truman M. Post - 203 The Pilgrim Congregational Church - 204 The 1 'nion Avenue Christian Church 205 The Westminster Presbvterian Church 206 The First Church of Christ Scientist _..207 Rev. Daniel S. Tuttle — - 208 Christ Church Cathedral, Episcopal, Exterior 209 Christ Church Cathedral, Interior - 210 Centenary Methodist Church 211 Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, Exterior 212 Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, Interior 213 The Second Baptist Church - 214 Rev. W. C. Bitting 214 Rabbi Leon Harrison 216 Temple Israel 217 Archbishop John J. Glennoii - 218 The .\ew Catholic Cathedral, Kxterior ' 219 The Xew Catholic Cathedral, Interior.... , - 220 The Old Cathedral, Erected 1 83 1 221 Rev. Father D. S. Phelan - 222 St. John's Methodist Episcopal Church , - 223 Chancellor Frederick A. Hall, Washington University 224 Washington University, Front Vievv", Main Building 225 Washington University and Campus 226 Rev. Michael J. O'Connon, S. J., Pres. St. Louis University 227 St. Louis University 228 William Torrey Harris Teachers Training College 229 The Early High School Building 230 The Present Central High School Building 231 The Soldan High School Building -232 The Cleveland High School Building 233 The Veatman High School Building 234 The McKinley High School Building '. 235 The First Public School Superintendent — Ira Divoll 237 The Second Public School Superintendent — William T. Harris 238 The Third Public School Superintendent — Edward H. Long 239 The Fourth Public School Superintendent — F. Louis Soldan 240 The Fifth Public School Superintendent — Ben Blewett 241 Henry Shaw —242 The Missouri Botanical Garden, Interior View 244 The Missouri Botanical Garden, Italian Garden 245 The Missouri Botanical Garden, Chrysanthemums 246 The Missouri Botanical Garden, Palm Display 247 The Missouri Botanical Garden, Tropical Lily Pools 248 Thomas Hart Benton - 251 Missouri One Hundred Years Ago — At the Tavern Door - 252 Missouri One Hundred Years Ago — Scene in the Epilogue 253 Mrs. George Gellhorn — "Missouri" 254 166 Statue of St. Louis The Statue of St. Louis, for whom St. Loui.s w as named, holds the commanding position on Art Hill, directly in front of the Museum. It is the work of the Sculptor Niehaus. and was mod- elled especially for the World's Fair in 1904. It represents Louis the IX of France, surnamed the Saint, King and leader of the Seventh Crusades in the thirteenth century, dying in 1270. He was the son of Queen Blanche, of whom he said that "To her, under God, he owed all that he had achieved in his character and realm." 167 PIERRE LACLEDl 168 Pierre Laclede • St. Louis was founded in 1764 by Pierre Laclede Liguest, a native of France and Auguste Chouteau, who came from New Orleans to St. Louis, then a trading post. In 1809 it had grown to a town with a population approximately of 2,000, and was incorporated with a population of about 5.000. St. Louis at that time covered an area of about 385 acres. It now em- braces 40.000 acres and a population of about 1,000.000. including suburbs. A fine statue of Laclede of heroic size by Zolnay adorns the grounds of our ^Municipal Courts Buildings. 169 AUGUSTE CHOUTEAU 170 The Louisiana Purchase World's Fair In the brief space allotted it seems impossible to present an adequate idea of the exhibit of the World's Fair held in St. Louis in 1904. The magnitude and splendid arrangement, complete gathering of entire world's achievements in industrial manu- factures, art products, education, social, secular and religious, and political interests were displayed, summed up, indexed in a masterful manner. As a suggestion of its magnitude it may only be necessary to state that there were separate buildings representing the different nations and each of our 48 states, besides those repre- senting special departments and products. The Agricultural Building covered 16 acres of ground, while others were quite adequate for their purposes. Hon. David R. Francis fittingly says in his remarkable report of the World's Fair, the following: "This exposition of 19C4 holds a place in history more con- spicuous than its projectors anticipated. For the opening decade of this century it stands a marker (record) of the accomplishment and progress of man. So thoroughly did it represent the world's civilization that if all of man's other works were destroyed, by some unspeakable catastrophe, the records established at this exposition by the assembled nations would aliford the necessary standards for the rebuildins: of our entire civilization." 172 K\ mr W^^ L^«s^ '^^ ST. LOUIS FAIR MONUMENT "Signing Louisiana Treaty" 173 <: Oh H w w o < W X H < 2 H Oi o < Oh 2 174 Forest Park Our Forest Park of about 1.400 acres affords remarkable facilities for open-air entertainments and recreations to large numbers. Perhaps influenced by the great success of the Pageant and Masque, held in this park in 1914. when over 150.000 citizens witnessed this remarkable entertainment, it was decided to con- struct our open-air "Municipal Theater." which seats about 20.000, where the city now enjoys the leading dramatic and musical performances that are so frequently given and so highly appreciated. Our "Zoo" contains one of the largest aviaries in the country, and the list of wild animals is up to the highest standard. 175 FOREST PARK AND PAVILION WINTER SPORT IN FOREST PARK 176 ST. I. GUIS PAGEANT AND MASQUE "St. Louis has the larsjest natural amphitheater in the world, directly in front of the Art Museum on Art Hill. It will seat 300,000 people, with additional .standing- room. The above photograph shows an actual attendance at the time the Paseanl was held in St. Louis, Mav 29, 30 and il', 1914." The St. Louis Pageant and Masque May 29, 30 and 31, 1914 This was an event long to be remembered in St. Louis, when on the grand slope in Forest Park in front of the Art Museum, the variously estimated throng of 100.000 to 150,000 people were as- sembled to witness the rehearsal of the early history of St. Louis. Our Art Critic, Mr. Richard Spamer, says : "The crowd was the largest ever congregated in one place at one time in St. Louis. It was seated, and at the close it retired to the exits without a crush or mishap. It is said to be the greatest audience ever assembled in the United States on any occasion approaching this one in point of purpose. "The audience which turned back the pages of history and lived for a moment in a world of dreams, were awed and delighted. On this occasion St. Louis celebrated the 150th anniversary of its founding by the presentation of a Pageant illustrative of thirty important events in the history of the city and by the presentation of a Masque that gave a symbolic interpretation of that history. The Pageant was by Thomas Woods Stevens, and Percy MacKay was the author of the Masque. "This was the greatest art event in the guise of the drama ever exhibited in the United States." 177 ^^^^sny c ivi:s Art Museum The City Art Museum had its beginning" in an evening draw- ing class organized in 1874 by the late Halsey C. Ives at Wash- ington University. In 1879 it became a new department of the University under the heading of the St. Louis Museum and School of Fine Arts, under the presidency of James E. Yeatman and the directorship of Halsey C. Ives. Through the generosity of \Vayman Crow in 1881 it was pro- vided with a separate building at Nineteenth and Locust streets. The present Museum building was constructed for the World's Fair in 1904 as a permanent home of the St. Louis Museum, planned by Cass Gilbert of New York. It is in strictly classic style and is adorned with sculptured figures by many of the greatest artists of the times. 178 179 « o > r " w « ID'S 180 ST. LOUIS ART MUSEUM, JULES DUPRE, ARTIST "In Pasture" 181 ST. LOUIS ART MUSEUM STATUARY Inspiration Alma Mater Angel of Death Vulture of War Lion and Serpent Destiny of Red Man George Washington Michael Angelo Gen. Hooker 182 '11 i p i gsssa^j^^Fr^ 1 , m 1^- ' yw^ I r if ri ^ rt^rflMC-r i^-^^PKf^-JMKMI ■ MHHMlliHMi ■H ""miJHi ■1 1 ■ ■ HHfH ■■■ The Jefferson Memorial Missouri Historical Building stands at the main entrance of Forest Park on Lindell and De Baliviere Ave. It contains valu- able historical c^)llections. It was constructed as a Memorial of the World's Fair held in 1904. It is purely classic in style and one of its chief features is the heroic statue of Thomas Jefferson in white marble by the late Carl Bitter of New ^'ork. 183 THOMAS JEFFERSON By Carl Bitter 184 INTERIOR OF COLISEUM UNION STATION The St. Louis Union Station is said to be the largest pas- senger depot in the world. The railroad facihties at the present time are magnificent, distinctly superior to those of any other city. The depot and sheds together cover six city blocks, the total area is equal to ten acres, and 200.000 men could stand under its roof at one time. All passenger trains entering and leaving St. Louis, use this station. 185 i.^ .-5 THE ST. LOUIS COLISEUM The Coliseum furnishes the auditorium for all the great occa- sions in the life of the city — Conventions. Lectures, Grand Operas, etc. It is at Washington and Jefferson avenues, and has a seating capacity of 13.000. 186 .^^S:^. ■i«*^^ ^^ ifl 1 - 1 "^ ^ ^ ' " * -* J "' •< 't^ ■* ^ « ^ •" 4 " -"' ^ *^, % ^ -' "* ^ z ^ ^- .r "*; ^ . ' >" ' 5 "s ^ - !. •* i ^ ^ ?^ »- • J _ ' ^ HOTEL STATLER It has 650 rooms, each room with private bath, circulating- ice water and other unusual conveniences. All rooms have outside light, and air. It easily ranks as the •'Leading Hotel" of St. Louis. 187 -• ,.- „ « *-"*' ^.-*- w* ''"^ ;*• ';•»,! I ARCADE BUILDING The Arcade Building represents 800 Offices and 200 Retail beamv J.V' '' ^"^""^ ''"^''* ""^ business, and is remarkable for its Deanty and convenience. 188 RAILWAY EXCHANGE This main building in its central location and size surpasses all other business structures of our city. It covers a whole block with its 21 stories in height and floor space of 31 acres. 189 190 CITY HALL General Grant Monument 191 MUNICIPAL COURTS BUILDING 192 OLD COURT HOUSE Built 1839. The orouiid was donated by J. B. C. Lucas and Col. August Chouteau. It was adorned with paintings by Carl Wimar. The public whipping post and the slave auctions were at this place. 193 OLIVE STREET CANYON ^QA KINGSBURY PLACE St. Louis is noted for its beautiful homes 195 'Ji ID <\ > |d^^ M-* OJ — o c •-^ bJD J£ 1) .S O a '/V 'C LO ^ ."t^ in ■^ "H M— 1 a-i 4-* o L-( ^ ^ V 0-1 j; ID r^ C^ tn ■(-' c _o -^ rt" O o ^ '/J '■J vv c/j V- Q < O > O ^ ^ fa cu rt '/J 'rt ~ ^ OT C 2 -i-j t/3 '-C f^ , ^ "c?j c 4-* o CU a. cu T3 CJ ^ c rS c >^ +-> rt 'f) o JS 1+- r/j 1^ c rt ^ rt ^. w a; £/• ^ *-' "c C/3 bjo _c rr ' ^ cu o o O ^ ■^ X! Vh ^ s CJ O o tn t/) CU -yi cu F ryj 1— ( ^ V- o ■^ cu o ^ D TD b/j >1 a; C X? S j2 u (/3 t/) " ~ -C ^ 'Xj 196 REV. SALMON GIDDINGS, A.M. 197 Rev. Salmon Giddings, A.M., of Hartland, Conn., was com- missioned by the missionary society of Connecticut to labor in the western country, especially in St. Louis. The day after Christmas, 1815, snow on the ground, nothing daunted^ he started for St. Louis on horseback, preaching fre- quently on his long and tedious journey, through the thinly settled country. He established the first permanent I'rotestant Church in St. Louis November, 1817, known as the First Presbyterian Church, which became the honored mother of Presbyterianism and Con- gregationalism in the West. Mr. Giddings also started a school that was much needed at that time. He succeeded in establishing seventeen churches in St. Louis and vicinity. He also did important work among the Indians. His remains are deposited in a crypt under the church, where it is held in sacred veneration. The first edifice was erected on Fourth and St. Charles streets in 1825. It is said that John Quincy Adams gave $25 towards the enterprise and Thomas H. Benton and Alexander McNair were members. 198 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF ST. LOUIS, Dedicated in 1855 199 PRESENT FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH It has had able leaders in the pulpit, maintained a wide influ- ence and is known as "Old First Church." 200 REV. SAMUEL J. NICCOLLS, D.D. 201 SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH The Second Presbyterian Church was organized on October 10, 1868, by sixty members from the First Presbyterian Church. The Rev. Samuel J. Niccolls of Chambersburg', Pennsylvania, was called in October, 186^, and began his labors in the Second Presbyterian Church in January, 1865. "Dr. Niccolls in his long and able pastorate rendered signal service not only to St. Louis, but to the cause of Christianity throughout the country, and the world. A man of extraordinary gifts, of winsome spirit, of splendid poise, of judgment, of, rare and sagacious leadership, of great preaching power and of unswerving loyalty to the funda- mentals of our faith, by his personal w^orth, his example of de- votion and by his almost unprecedented period of labor in one field, he enriched the entire denomination, and shed lustre upon the religion of the Cross." Dr. Niccolls died August 19, 1915, after having served as pas- tor for more than fifty years. His devoted people have placed a bronze bust of their pastor at the entrance of the church he loved so well; his benign countenance seems to greet them with a perpetual benediction. 202 TRUMAN M. POST, D.D. ..o/'^f ^^i- °^' Co"^^egationalism in St. Louis," preacher writer patriot ; thirtv-seven years of service. t^acner, writer, 203 PILGRIM CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH It is one of the largest and most influential of this denomina- tion in the city. It has had as ministers some of the ablest divines of this denomination. 204 1 '-■^ffff jf ."^^ UNION AVENUE CHRISTIAN CHURCH Has a large congregation doing an extensive work with mod- ern methods. An interesting feature of" this denomination is that they have concentrated their missionary work under the auspices of the United Christian Missionary Society, combining all branches of missionary and ])romotion activities, with offices in St. Louis, from which radiates the great spiritual power exercised by this church. 205 WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH From its location and beauty of architecture, it is one of the most imposing edifices of our city. It has had able, influential ministers who have stood high locally and nationally. ZOb 207 RIGHT REV. DANIEL S. TUTTLE Bishop of the Episcopal Church of Missouri and Senior Pre- siding Bishop of the United States. 208 CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL, EPISCOPAL It is one of the largest and most influential of the down- town churches. In the vast territory between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean — Christ Church was the sole Episcopal representa- tive in 1819. 209 f 'i^' 4^' 15* ^ f I I I CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL (Interior) The Reredos is the most magnificent in the country. It was the gift of Mrs. Christine Graham, wife of the late Benjamin B. Graham and daughter of the statesman, Frank P. Blair. The artist was Henry Hems, of Exeter, Eng., after a design by Kivas Tully. It is of Caen Stone and cost $50,000. The edifice itself is considered to have the finest architectural proportions. 210 CENTENARY METHODIST CHURCH It still holds its down-town location and numbers one of the largest congregations of this denomination in the city. It has been favored with th& ablest divines \n this denomination. 211 GRACE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH This church is a stately edifice. The interior decoration about the organ and pulpit are in has relief, expressive of grace and beatity — embodying spiritual ideals. This church has always shown civic and national loyalty and maintained a high standard of ability in the pulpit 212 iHHJHwiuBwmiitimiwminiiimm 213 214 SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH This is one of the most imposing- church edifices in the United States. It has two main buildings united by a front and rear loggia with a tower rising from the center of the rear loggia. It is built of brick and is fashioned after the architectural models of Lombardy and North Italy in general. The coloring- ranges from a rich brown to the palest buff — the brick selected being all of one burning; about one million used in the building. The chromatic scheme is already pleasing; age will mellow the structure and increase the richness of the coloring. It is stated that few pieces of brick work in the United States equal that which is revealed in these buildings and none sur- passes it. This building was constructed under the inspiration and direction of its present eloquent minister, the Rev. William Coleman Bitting, D.D. 215 RABBI LEON HARRISON Rev. Dr. Leon Harrison has for many years stood as one of the most gifted and distinguished leaders of his race in the city of St. Louis. His eloquent voice always pleads in every great cause, civic and national. 216 TEMPLE ISRAEL A specimen of classic architecture, massive and imposing in its proportions. 217 J2:m ARCHBISHOP JOHN J. GLENNON Archbishop of St. Louis He is the popular head of the CathoHc Church of St. Louis, and is remarkable for ability in the administration and govern- ment of his archdiocese. 218 THE NEW CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL The cost when completed will be about $3,000,000. The altar, a gift of an individual, cost $100,000. It has a majestic and im- posing exterior, but its interior magnificence is still greater. It is considered one of the finest churches in the country. 219 INTERIOR OF NEW CATHEDRAL This high altar was the gift of Mr. William Cullcn McBride, costing over $100,000 220 >l^(L f^ \Q Erected in 1831 It has many sacred associations, in its long history of Catholicism. 221 REV. FATHER D. S. PHELAN AT 30 YEARS OF AGE Editor Western Watchman, 1865-1915. fifty years' continuous service. He graduated at St. Louis High School at 17 years of age in the class of 1858. 222 ST. JOHN'S METHODIST CHURCH It has always sustained an able ministry and has taken a prominent part in the religious life of the city. 223 CHANCELLOR FREDERICK A. HALL of Washington University 224 FRONT VIEW WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 225 .M WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY AND CAMPUS It was founded by the Rev. AVilliam Greenleaf Eliot, D.D., and a number of distinguished St. Louis citizens. The first group of buildings was situated at 17th street and Washington avenue, and college degrees were first granted in 1862. Since. that time the University has greatly increased in the number of buildings, facilities and students. Chancellor Frederic A. Hall's present administration has been marked by great success. The total enrollment for the year, jn all departments, was 3.838 students. This is a co-educational institution, which is in the most prosperous condition of its history. It affords great facilities in all of its departments. 226 MOST REVEREND PETER RICHARD KENDRICK First Archbishop of St. Louis — 1847 to his death 1896, mourned by all religious denomi- nations throughout the country. REV. MICHAEL J. O'CONNOR, S. J., Pres. St. Louis University 221 ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY The foundation of St. Louis University dates back to 1818, three years before Missouri became a state of the Union. The number of students enrolled is about 1,800, with a com- ])lete faculty in all departments. Its long history is of g-reat interest. 228 229 EARLY HIGH SCHOOL This was the early cuhnination of the piibHc schools where many of our leading" citizens of today received their highest educational oj)portunities and inspiration. 230 NEW CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL 231 232 ■•■ !«iai;- ■^--■••''^^^ mt .' ■''ii/'iiftiit^iiBMwt-'r •" "- 11^^ fe i' 1 ■HL "'"''' » - ■■ '"^ ■ "'^'M i^ :,-■ .--...- ■^■^^■■'^' mm ^il^?^^il?S8 ---•■ HlllliiK».-.. ' MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN (interior view) 244 245 246 PALM DISPLAY, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 247 248 Missouri One Hundred Years Ago The Saint Louis Missouri Centennial Pageant in commemora- tion of the One Hundredth Anniversary of Missouri's Admission to the Union, under the general direction of W^illiam W. La Beaume, written and produced by Thomas Wood Stevens ; Rob- ert Hanna, Chairman of the Productions Committee, with music by Frederick Fischer — Noel Poepping — Gerald Tyler, with a Symphonic Orchestra and the Saint Louis Pageant Chorus under the direction of Frederick Fischer — a cast of LOGO performers, orchestra of 65, chorus of 150 and 100 dancers, was held at the Coliseum on the evenings of October llth-15th, 1921. This was an event of historic interest, marking a new epoch in drama and pageantry, portraying the spirit of Missouri, her people, resources, aims and aspirations and the political struggles that finallv terminated in her statehood when admitted to the Union in 1821. The actors in this spirited drama numbered many well-known leaders among the women of the city and prominent professional and business men who entered into the spirit of the play and rendered their parts with histrionic excellence. Among the leading characters were, "The Spirit of Missouri," Mrs. George Gellhorn ; "Saint Louis," Mr. David S Friedman ; "Strife," Mr. W. H. Hoppe ; "The Spirit of Jefferson." Mr. R. \V. Bruner ; "The Spirit of Napoleon." Air. Edgar P. Shutz ; "Hamil- ton Rowan Gamble," Mr. Frank Somerville ; "Mrs. Coalter," by Mrs. William Scheville ; "Kibbie," Mr. Blanchard O. McKee ; "David Barton," Mr. Daniel Bartlett ; "Alexander McNair," Mr. John P. Sweeney ; "Thomas Hart Benton," Mr. David O'Neil ; "Pierre Chouteau, Jr.." Mr. Hector M. E. Pasmezoglu ; "Judge J. B. C. Lucas," Mr. Harry McClain ; "John Scott," Territorial delegate, Mr. R. W. Bruner; "Daniel Boone," Mr. Sam Goddard ; "Edward Bates," Mr. Culver Hastedt ; "Auguste Chouteau," Mr. Henry de Lecluse ; "Madame Chouteau," Mrs. Walter B. Douglas ; "Mrs. De Mun," Mrs. George E. Norton; "Mandy," Miss Rhea MacAdams ; "Charles Lucas," Mr. Percy Ramsey; "Gov. William Clark." Mr. Gustavus Tuckerman. Lack of space forbids the mention of all the players. The drama in two acts of two scenes each, showed the social and political life of the time and place, the actual working of slavery as a domestic institution, and in legislature and conven- tion, the clashing of local and national ideals of freedom. The scene of the play is before a tavern, representing at various times both the Mansion House and the Missouri Hotel in St. Louis. The Masque as presented in the Prologue and Epilogue was of great poetic and spectacular effect. The music was original. 249 modern and appropriate. The Prologue presented Missouri, the proud spirit of the land, moving amid the dance of the ever- recurring cycles of nature feeling the touch of new forces, yet getting no answer from the ancient manitous and meeting rivers until Man comes. After the Indian, come Spain and France, bear- ing their flags, and with them come Slaves, bringing "Strife," a threatening figure. Calling upon the nations as they pass and view the scroll of her sovereignty, appears a vision of the Louisi- ana Purchase, and in the spirit of" Jefferson she finds her future and breaks forth into singing and rejoicing : "Out of the strife — a state. Out of the storm — a star." The Epilogue presents Missouri, magnificent in the harvest of a hundred years, greeted in Festival by Saint Louis. The conflicting elements of political life are finally harmonized into a unity of accomplishment and aspiration, transforming the ele- ment of Strife into Power — the high artistic and spiritual climax of the Pageant. This last scene furnished a spectacle of grandeur and beauty in which classical finish of form and splendor and harmony of color were blended with grace and rhythmic move- ment in the dance to the sound of soul-stirring music that shed a erlorv over all. unrivalled l^efore on anv stage. 250 THOMAS HART BENTON 251 ^± Q' u :3 .„ 252 o U " "" i!" ^ ^ ^^my^'-^M., ^^ F wWiV^ si^iSB xf^BHflHl^H^^ltfT^b^^^lR'l^ ~ »t jMg^^a^^Hi ./ ^fPS^MjI^^^^r,^^ jlf^^f *_''*>')* ill ^» ^^^QBB^R'v \ ^~~-' ^ -{'i.^ -^=^- ^.' ■-■-''.. ^a». -^■"'"* ^^^^^^v!Z^^s^^^^^^^^^H ^B^Kj^u3hLT^L"yr ^'^^^iiwi^^MMiPffPWi^'^-- ^^^^^ — i \ ^^^ " '"'^^ ^.^^ ^ ; ', j ^^^^^^ : ^^^^^^?ii^^ I^^V^j^Sllii^^^^l^H i^.-^^:..::^ ^'^^r'iiV: * ^\ fl^'-ieTr^^^ ^^ X t-'J \ ^^^^ J^ Mk^ ^ ^<^^^^H^^^^^^^^^H^HHp|PI^ ^^^ i J = -r o — OJ = o rS "1 ,/,• w :: S & rti o o ;: o ec; ?; H-1 HH 0. BP. w r::; w rt rt ffi ffi s H -T3 W !> ^^£ c; ;« > M -^ ^ ^Q u ,„- ^ o -J ■/T ^ w r/) rt cq >. rS ^ — •ot-' W 35 ^ r- ^ u a -J u o O ' M <=; w J _o 253 "MISSOURI" Mrs. George Gellhcrn 254 u make acknowledgment to I hereby make publicity the St. Louis Conven -n ^n ^^^^.^^ Bureau for ^-^-^^Srs who have eo-operation and t^a ^^^^ ^^^^^^^.3,. i„ many ways assist LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 572 313 9 •!