EED-TAPE AND PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS AS SEEN FROM THE RANKS DURING A Campaign tit tlje 2lrnt£ 0f i\)t potomac. BY A CITIZEN-SOLDIER. KAo^Vo-rd^ • \Ao ■ We must be brief when Traitors brave the Field." • •. MS NEW YORK: Carleton^ Publisher •, 4.13 Broadway. M DCCC LXIV. C-.Vhft . v Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by GEO. W. OAELETON, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. S. CRAIGHEAD. Printer, Slereolyper, mid Electrotype? Carton Builtiinfl, 81, 83, and 35 Centrt Slrttt. PREFACE. " Greek-fire has shivered the statue of John C. Calhoun in the streets of the City of Charleston," — so the papers say. "Whether true or not, the Greek-fire of the righteous indignatiou of a loyal people is fast shattering the offspring of his infamous teachings, — the armed treason of the South, and its more cowardly ally the insidious treach- ery that lurks under doubtful cover in the loyal States. In thunder tones do the masses declare, that now and for ever, they repudiate the Treason and despise the Traitor. Nobly are the hands of our Honest President sustained in prosecuting this most righteous war. In a day like this, the least that can be expected of any citizen is — duty. We are all co-partners in our beneficent government. We should be co-laborers for her defence. Jealous of the interests of her brave soldiery ; for they are our own. Proud of their noble deeds ; they constitute our National Heritage. If these campaign sketches, gathered in actual service during 1862-3, and grouped during the spare hours of convalescence from a camp fever, correct one of the least of the abuses in our military machinery — if they lighten the toil of the humblest of our soldiers, or nerve anew the resolves of loyalty tempted to despair, the writer will have no reason to complain of labor lost. Great latitude of excuse for the existence of abuses must be allowed, when we con- sider the suddenness with which our volunteers sprang into ranks at the outset of the Rebellion. Now that the warfare is a system, there is less reason for their continuance. Reformers must, however, IV PEEFACE. remember, that to keep our citizen-soldiery effective, they must not make too much of the citizen and too little of the soldier. Abuses must be corrected under the laws ; but to be corrected at all they must first be exposed. Drunkenness, half-heartedness, and senseless routine, have done much to cripple the patriotic efforts of our people. The patriotism of the man who at this day doubts the policy of their open reproof can well be questioned. "West Point has, in too many instances, nursed imbecility and treason ; but in our honest contempt for the small men of whom, in common with other institutions, she has had her share, — we must not ignore those bright pages of our history adorned with the skill and heroism of her nobler sons. McClellanisni did not follow its chief from Warrenton ; or Burnside's earnestness, Hooker's dash, and Meade's soldierly stand at Gettj's- bunr, backed as they were by the heroic fighting of the Army of the Potomac, would have had, as they deserved, more decisive results. The Young Men of the Land would the writer address in the follow- ing pages — " because they are strong," and in their strength is the nation's hope. In certain prospect of victory over the greatest enemy we have yet had as a nation — the present infamous rebellion — we can well await patiently the correction of minor evils. " Meanwhile we'll sacrifice to liberty, Kemeuiber, my friends ! the laws, the rights, The generous plan of power delivered down From age to age by your renowned forefathers, (So dearly bought, the price of so much blood ;) Oh, let it never perish in your hands ! But piously transmit it to your children. Do thou, great liberty ! inspire our souls, And make our lives in thy possession happy. Or our deaths glorious in thy just defence." February, 1864. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAQB The Advent of our General of Division — Camp near Frederick City, Maryland — The Old Revolutionary Barracks at Frederick — An Irish Corporal's Recollections of the First Regiment of Volunteers from Pennsylvania — Punishment in the Old First, . 9 CHAPTER II. The Treason at Harper's Ferry — Rebel Occupation of Frederics — Patriotism of the Ladies of Frederick — A Rebel Guard non- plussed by a Lady — The Approach to Antietam — Our Brigadier cuts Red-Tape — The Blunder of the day after Antietam — The Little Irish Corporal's idea of Strategy, 15 CHAPTER III. The March to the River — Our Citizen Soldiery — Popularity of Commanders, how Lost and how Won — The Rebel Dead — How the Rebels repay Courtesy, 27 CHAPTER IV. A Regimental Baker — Hot Pies — Position of the Baker in line of Battle — Troubles of the Baker — A Western Virginia Captain on a Whiskey Scent — The Baker's Story — How to obtain Poli- tical Influence — Dancing Attendance at Washington — What Simon says — Confiscation of Whiskey, 33 CHAPTER V. The Sceue at the Surgeon's Quarters — Our Little Dutch Doctor — Incidents of his Practice — His Messmate the Chaplain — The Western Virginia. Captain's account of a Western Virginia Chaplain — His Solitary Oath — How he Preached, how he Prayed, and how he Bush-whacked — His Revenge of Snowden's Death— -How the little Dutch Doctor applied the Captain's Story, 47 VI , CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. PAGE A Day at Division Head-Quarters — The Judge Advocate — The tweedle-dum and tweedle-dee of Red-Tape as understood by Pigeon-hole Generals — Red Tape Reveries — French Authori- ties on Pigeonhole Investigations — An Obstreperous Court and Pigeon-hole Strictures — Disgusting Head-Quarter Profanity, ... 59 CHAPTER VII. A Picket-Station on the Upper Potomac — Fitz John's Rail Order — Rails for Corps Head-Quarters versus Rails for Hospitals — The Western Virginia Captain — Old Rosy, and How to Silence Secesh Women — The Old Woman's Fixin's — The Captain's Orderly, 70 CHAPTER VIII. The Reconnoissance — Shepherdstown — Punch and Patriotism — Private Tom on West Point and Southern Sympathy — The Little Irish Corporal on John Mitchell— -A Skirmish — Hurried Dismounting of the Dutch Doctor and Chaplain — Battle of Falling Waters not intended — Story of the Little Irish Corporal — Patterson's Folly, or Treason, 83 CHAPTER IX. Reconnoissance concluded — What we Saw and What we didn't See, and what the Good Public Read — Pigeon-hole Generalship and the Press — The Preacher Lieutenant and how he Recruited — Comparative Merits of Black Union Men and White Rebels — A Ground Blast, and its effect upon a Pigeon-hole General — Staff Officers Striking a Snag in the Western,Virginia Captain — Why the People have a right to expect Active Army Move- ments — Red Tape and the Sick List — Pigeon-holing at Division Headquarters, 100 CHAPTER X. Departure from Sharpsburg Camp — The Old Woman of Sandy Hook — Harper's Ferry — South sewing Dragon's Teeth by shedding Old John's Blood — The Dutch Doctor and the Boar — Beauties of Tobacco — Camp Life on the Character — Patrick, Brother to the Little Corporal — General Patterson no Irishman — Guarding a Potato Patch in Dixie — The Preacher Lieutenant on Emancipation — Inspection and the Exhorting Colonel — The Scotch Tailor on Military Matters, 11G CONTENTS. Vll CHAPTER XI. PAGK Snicker's Gap — Private Harry on the " Ana*conda" — Not inclined to turn Boot-Black — " Oh ! why did } r ou go for a Soldier ? ' — The ex-News Boy — Pigeon-Hole Generalship on the March — The Valley of the Shenandoah— A Flesh Carnival— The Dutch Doctor on a Horse-dicker — An Old Rebel, and how he parted with his Apple-Brandy — Toasting the " Union" — Spruce Re- treats 137 CHAPTER XII. The March to Warren ton — Secesh Sympathy and Quarter-Master's Receipts — Middle-Borough — The Venerable Uncle Ned and his Story of the Captain of the Tigers — The Adjutant on Strategy — Red Tapism and Mac-Napoleonism — Movement Stopped — Division Head-Quarters out of Whiskey — Stragglers and Marauders — A Summary Proceeding — Persimmons and Picket- Duty — A Rebellious Pig — McClellanism, 160 CHAPTER XIII. Camp near Warrenton — Stability of the Republic — Measures, not Men, regarded by the Public — Removal of McClellan — Divi- sion Head-Quarters a House of Mourning — A Pigeon-Hole General and his West Point Patent-Leather Cartridge-Box — Head-Quarter Murmurings and Mutterings — Departure of Little Mac and the Prince — Cheering by Word of Command — The Southern Saratoga — Rebel Regret at McClellan's Departure,. . 178 CHAPTER XIV. A Skulker and the Dutch Doctor — A Review of the Corps by Old Joe — A Change of Base; what it means to the t^oldier, and what to the Public — Our Quarter-Master and General Hooker — The Movement by the Left Flank — A Division General and Dog driving — The Desolation of 'Virginia — A Rebel Land- Owner and the Quarter- Master — "No Hoss, Sir!" — The Poeti- cal Lieutenant unappreciated — Mutton or Dog? — Desk Drudg- ery and Senseless Routine, 193 CHAPTER XV. Red-Tape and the Soldier's Widow — Pigeon-holing at Head- Quarters and Weeping at the Family Fireside — A Pigeon-hole General Outwitted — Fishing for a Discharge — The Little Irish Corporal on Topographical Engineers — Guard Duty over a Whiskey Barrel, 210 VU1 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVI. PA OB The Battle of Fredericksburg — Screwing Courage up to the Stick- ing Point — Consolations of a Flask — Pigeon-hole Nervousness — Abandonment of Knapsacks — Incidents before, during, and after the Fight, 225 CHAPTER XVII. The Sorrows of the Sutler — The Sutler's Tent — Generals manu- factured by the Dailies — Fighting and Writing — A Glandered Horse — Courts-martial — Mania of a Pigeon-hole General on the Subject — Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel in Strait-Jackets, 247 CHAPTER XVIII. Dress Coat3 versus Blouses — Military Law — Bill the Cook — Courts-Martial — Important Decision in Military Law — A Man with Two Blouses on, can be compelled to put a Dress Coat on top — A Colored French Cook and a Beefy browed Judge- Ad- vocate — The Mud March— No Pigeon-holing on a Whiskey Scent — Old Joe in Command — Dissolution of Partnership between the Dutch Doctor and the Chaplain, 264 CHAPTER XIX. The Presentation Mania — The Western Virginia Captain in the War Department — Politeness and Mr. Secretary Stanton — Cap- ture of the Dutch Doctor — A Genuine Newspaper Sell, 283 CHAPTER XX. The Army again on the Move — Pack Mules and Wagon Trains — A Negro Prophetess — The Wilderness — Hooped Skirts and Black Jack — The Five Days' Fight at Chancellorsville — Terri- ble Death of an Aged Slave — A Pigeon-hole General's " Power in Reserve," 295 CHAPTER XXL The Pigeon-Hole General and his Adjutant, under Charges — The Exhorting Colonel's Adieu to the Sunday Fight at Chancellorsville ; Reasons thereof — Speech of the Dutch Doc- tor in Reply to a Peace-Offering from the Chaplain — The Irish Corporal stumping for Freedom — Black Charlie's Compliments to his Master — Western Virginia at the Head of a Black Regi- ment, 313 (f^^ red-tape PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. CHAPTER I. The Advent of our General of Division — Camp near Frederick City, Maryland — The Old Revolutionary Barracks at Frederick — An Irish CorporaVs Recollections of the First Regiment of Volunteers from Pennsylvania — Punishment in the Old First. • • /^~\UR new Division-General, boys!" exclaimed \J a sergeant of the 210th Pennsylvania Vol- unteers, whose attention and head were turned at the clatter of horses' hoots to the rear. " I heard an officer say that he would be along to-day, and I re- cognise his description." The men, although weary and route- worn, straight- ened up, dressed their ranks, and as the General and Staff rode past, some enthusiastic soldier proposed cheers for our new Commander. They started with a will, but the General's doubtful look, as interpreted by the men, gave little or no encouragement, and the effort ended in a few ragged discordant yells. u He is a strange-looking old covey any how," said one of the boys in an undertone. " Did you 10 EED-TAPE AND notice that red muffler about his neck, and how pinched up and crooked his hat is, and that odd-look- ing moustache, and how savagely he cocks his eyes through his spectacles?" " They say," replied the sergeant, " that we are the first troops that he has commanded. He was a staff officer * before ' in the Topographical Corps. Didn't you notice the T.C. on his coat buttons ?" " And is he going to practise upon us?" blurts out a bustling red-faced little Irish corporal. " Be Jabers, that accounts for the crooked cow road we have marched through the last day — miles out of the way, and niver a chance for coffee." ; ' You are too fast, Terence," said the sergeant ; " if he belongs to the Topographical Corps, he ought at least to know the roads." " And didn't you say not two hours ago that we were entirely out of the way, and that we had been wandering as crooked as the creek that flows back of the old town we are from, and nearly runs through itself in a dozen places?" The sergeant admitted that he had said so, but stated that perhaps the General was not to blame, and added somewhat jocosely : " At any rate the winding of the creek makes those beautiful walks we have so much enjoyed in summer evenings." " Beautiful winding walks ! is it, sergeant ! Shure and whin you have your forty pound wait upon your back, forty rounds of lead and powdher in your car- tridge-box, and twenty more in your pocket, three days' rations in }^our haversack, a musket on your shoulder, and army brogans on your throtters, you- are just about the first man that I know of to take straight cuts." ***** It was a close warm day near the middle of Sep- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 11 tember. The roads were dusty and the troops ex- hausted. Two days previously the brigade to which they belonged had left the pleasantest of camps, called 11 Camp Whipple" in honor of their former and favor- ite Division Commander. Situated in an orchard on the level brow of a hill that overlooked Washington, the imposing Capitol, the broad expanse of the Poto- mac dotted with frequent craft, the many national buildings, and scenery of historic interest, the men left it with regret, but carried with them recollections that often in times of future depression revived their patriotic ardor. Over dusty roads, through the muddy aqueduct of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, hurried on over the roughly paved streets of Georgetown, and through the suburbs of Washington, they finally halted for the night, and, as it chanced through lack of orders, for the succeeding day also, near Meridian Hill. Un- der orders to join the Fifth Army Corps commanded by Major-General Fitz John Porter, to which the Division had been previously assigned, the march was resumed on the succeeding day, which happened to be Sunday, and in the afternoon of which our chapter opens. A march of another day brought the Brigade to a recent Kebel camp ground. Traces of their occu- pancy were found not only in their depredations in the neighborhood destructive of railroad bridges, but also in letters and wall-paper envelopes adorned with the lantern-jawed phiz of Jefferson Davis. The latter were sought after with avidity as soon as ranks were broken and tents pitched ; the more eagerly perhaps for the reason that during the greater part of their previous month of service they had been frequently within sound of rebel cannon, although but once 12 BED-TAPE AND under their fire. During the previous day, in fact, they had marched to the music of the artillery of South Mountain. That night awakened lively recollections in the mind of Terence McCarty, our lively little Irish cor- poral. His duty for the time as corporal of a relief gave him ample opportunity to indulge them. He had belonged to the old First Pennsylvania Kegiment of three months men, that a little over a year before, when Maryland was halting between loyalty and dis- loyalty, had spent its hapj)iest week of service in the yard of the revolutionary barracks in the city of Frede- rick. Terence was but two short miles from the spot. Brimfull of the memories, he turned to a comrade, who had also belonged to the First, and who with others chanced to stand near. " I say, Jack ! Do you recollect the ould First and Frederick, and do you know that we are but two miles and short ones at that from the blissed ould white-washed barracks, full of all kind of quare guns and canteens looking like barrels cut down ; and the Parade Ground where our ould Colonel used to come his 'Briskly, men ! Briskly,' when he'd put us through the manual, and where so many ladies would come to see our i volutions, and where they set the big table for us on the Fourth, and where — " Hold on, corporal ! you can't give that week's his- tory to-night." "I was only going to obsarve, Jack, that I feel like a badly used man." " How so, Terence ?" " "Why you see nearly ivery officer, commissioned and non-commissioned, of the ould First has been promoted. The Colonel was too ould for service, or my head on it, he would have had a star. Just look PIGEON-HOLE GENEK*ALS. 13 at the captains by way of sample — Company A, a Lieutenant-Colonel, expecting and desarving an eagle ivery day ; Company B, a Lieutenant-Colonel ; Com- pany C, our own Lieutenant-Colonel ; Company D, a Brigadier for soldierly looks, daring, and dash ; Com- pany E, a Captain in an aisy berth in the regular ser- vice ; Company F, a Colonel ; Company G, a Major ; Company H, a Lieutenant-Colonel ; Company 1, 1 have lost sight of, and the lion-hearted captain of Com- pany K, doing a lion's share of work at the head of a regiment in Tennessee. Now, Jack, the under officers and many privates run pretty much the same way, but not quite as high. Bad luck to me, I was fifth corporal thin and am eighth now — promoted crab- fashion. Fortune's wheel gives me many a turn, Jack! but always stops with me on the lower side." " I saw you on the upper side once," retorted Jack roguishly. " And whin ? may I ask." " When, do you say ? why, when you took about half a canteen too much, and that same old colonel had you tied on the upper side of a barrel on the green in front of the barracks." " Bad luck to an ill-natured memory, Jack, for stir- ring that up," replied the corporal, breaking in upon the laughter that followed, " but I now recollect, it was the day before you slipped the guard whin the colonel gave you a barrel uniform with your head through the end, and kept me for two mortal long hours in the hot sun, a tickling of you under the nose with a straw, and daubing molasses on your chaps to plaze the flies, to the great admiration of a big crowd of ladies and gentlemen." Jack subsided, and the hearty laughter at the cor- 14 KED-TAPE AND poral's ready retort was broken a few minutes later by a loud call for the corporal of the guard, which hurried Terence away, dispersed the crowd, and might as well end this chapter. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 15 CHAPTER II. The Treason at Harper's Ferry — Rebel Occupation of Frederick — Patriotism of the Ladies of Frederick — A Rebel Guard non- plussed by a Lady — The Approach to Antietam — Our Brigadier cuts Red Tape — The Blunder of the day after Antietam — The little Irish Corporals idea of Strategy. THE Brigade did not rest long in its new camp. The day and a half, however, passed there had many incidents to be remembered by. Fish were caught in abundance from the beautiful Monocacy. But the most impressive scene was the long proces- sion of disarmed, dejected men, who had been basely surrendered at Harper's Ferry, and were now on their way homeward, on parole. Many and deep were the curses they uttered against their late commanders. "Boys, wive been sold! Lookout," cried a comely bright-eyed young officer of eighteen or thereabouts. "That we have," added a ehaplain, who literally bore the cross upon his shoulders in a pair of elegant straps. When will earnest men cease to be foiled in this war by treacherous commanders? was an inquiry that pressed itself anxiously home. But the thunders of Antietam were reverberating through that mountainous region, distinctly heard in all their many echoes, and of course the all-absorbing topic. At 3 p.m. orders came to move a short distance 16 RED-TAPE AXD beyond Frederick. The division was rapidly formed, and the men marched joyously along through the streets of Frederick, already crowded with our own and Rebel wounded, to the sound of lively martial music ; but none more joyously than the members of the old First, whose recollections were brisk of good living as they recognised in many a lady a former benefactress. Bradley T. Johnson's race, that com- menced with his infamously prepared and lying hand- bills, was soon run in Frederick. No one of the border cities has been more undoubtedly or devotedly patriotic. Its prominent ministers at an early day took bold positions. The ladies were not behind, and many a sick and wounded soldier will bless them to his latest hour. The world has heard of the well deserved fame of Florence Nightingale. History will hold up to a nation's gratitude thousands of such ministering angels, who, moving in humbler circles, perhaps, are none the less entitled to a nation's praise. " Great will be their reward." To show the spirit that emboldened the ladies of Frederick, a notable instance is related as having occurred during the Rebel .occupation of the city under General Stuart. Many Union ladies had left the place. Not so, however, with Mrs. D., the lively, witty, and accomplished wife of a prominent Lutheran min- ister. The Union sick and wounded that remained demanded attention, and for their sake, as well as from her own high spirit, she resolved to stay. Miss Annie C, the beautiful and talented daughter of Ex- U. S. Senator C, an intimate friend of Mrs. D., through like devotion, also remained. Rebel officers, gorgeous in grey and gilt lace, many of them old residents of the place, strutted about the streets. The ragged privates begged from door to door. Mrs. D., PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 17 and her friend had been separated several days — a long period considering their close intimacy and their present surroundings. Mrs. D. resolved to visit her, and wiih her to resolve was to execute. Threading her way through the crowded streets, heeding not the jeers or insults of the rebel soldiery, she soon came in front of the Cooper Mansion, to find a rebel flag floating from an upper window, and a well dressed soldierly looking greyback, with bayonet fixed, pacing his beat in front. Nothing daunted, Mrs. D. approached. M Halt," was the short sharp hail of the sentinel, as he brought his bayonet to the charge. "Who is quartered here?"' asked Mrs. D., gradually nearing the sentry. " Maj.-Gen.-Stuart," was the brief reply, U I want to visit a lady acquaintance in the house." " Mv orders are strict, madam, that no one can cross my beat without a pass." u Pass or no pass, I must and will go into that house" and quick as thought this frail lady dashed aside the bayonet, sprang across the beat, and entered the hall, while the sentry con- fused, uncertain whether he should follow or not, stood a minute or two before resuming his step. From an upper window Gren. Stuart laughed heartily at the scene, and was loud in praise of her tact and pluck. But all this time our division has been moving through the streets of Frederick, in fact has reached what was to have been its camping ground for the night. The reader will excuse me ; older heads and more exact pens have frequently, when ladies inter- vened, made much longer digressions. The halt was but for a moment. An aide-de-camp, weary-looking, on a horse covered with foam, dashed up to the division commander, bearing an order from the commander-in-chief that the division must join its corps at Antietam without delay. The fight might 18 RED-TAPE AND be renewed in the morning, and if so, fresh troops were needed. The order was communicated through the brigade commanders to commanders of regiments, while the subordinate field officers went from com- pany to company encouraging the men, telling them that a glorious victory had been gained, that the rebels were hemmed in by the river on three sides, and our army in front; that there was but one ford, and that a poor one, and that the rebels must either take to the river indiscriminately, be cut to pieces, or surrender. In short, that we had them. These statements were received with the most enthusiastic applause. As the Division proceeded on its inarch, they were confirmed by reports of spectators and wounded men in ambulances. What was the most significant fact to the men who had seen the thousands of stragglers and skulkers from the second battle of Bull Run, was the entire absence of straggling or de- moralization of any kind. Our troops must have been victorious, was the ready and natural suggestion. The thought nerved them, and pushing up their knapsacks, and hitching up their pantaloons, they trudged with a will up the mountain slope. That mountain slope!— it would well repay a visit from one of our large cities, to descend that mountain a bright summer afternoon. A sudden turn in the road brings to view the sun-gilded spires of the city of Frederick, rising as if by enchantment from one of the loveliest of valleys. Manv of the descriptions of foreign scenery pale before the realities of this view. When will our Hawthornes and our Taylors be just to the land of their birth? Scenery on that misty night could not delay the troops. The mountain-top was gained. About half way down the northern slope of the mountain the PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 19 • Division halted to obtain the benefits of a spring fifty yards from the road. A steep path led to it, and one by one the men filed down to fill their canteens. The delay was terribly tedious, and entirely unneces- sary, as five minutes' inquiry among the men, many of whom were familiar with the road, would have informed the Commanding General of abundance of excellent water, a short mile beyond, and close by the wayside. Pride, which prevails to an unwarranted extent among too many regular officers, is frequently the cause of much vexation. Inquiry and exer tion to lighten the labors of our brave volunteers would, with every earnest officer, be unceasing. A short distance further a halt was ordered for coffee, that " sublime beverage of Mocha," indispensable in camp or in the field. Strange to say, our brigadier, who habitually confined himself closely to cold water, was one of the most particular of officers in ordering halts for coffee. South Mountain was crossed, but in the dusky light little could be seen of the devastation caused by the late battle. " Yonder," said a wounded man who chanced to be passing, "our gallant General lost his life." The brave, accomplished Reno ! How dearly our national integrity is maintained ! Brave spirit, in your life you thought it well worth the cost ; your death can never be considered a vain sacrifice ! Boonsboro' was entered about daybreak. The road to Sharpsburg was here taken, and at 7£ A.M., hav- ing marched during that night twenty-eight miles, the Division stood at arms near the battle-ground along a road crowded with ammunition trains. Inquiry was made as to the ammunition, and the number of rounds for each man ordered to be increased immedi- ately from forty to sixty.- 2[) EED-TAPE AXD M Pioneer ! hand me that axe," said our brigadier, dismounting. " Sergeant," addressing the sergeant of the ammunition guard, " hand out those boxes." " The Division General has given strict orders, if you please, General, that the boxes must pass regularly through the hands of the ordnance officer," said the sergeant, saluting. " I am acting ordnance officer ; hand out the boxes !" was the command, that from its tone and manner brooked no delay. A box was at his feet. In an instant a clever blow from the muscular arm of the hero of Winchester laid it open. Another and another, until the orderly sergeant had given the required number of rounds to every man in the bri- gade. " Attention ! Column ! Shoulder Arms ! Right Face ! Right Shoulder Shift Arms !" and at a quick step the brigade moved towards the field. After passing long trains of ambulances and ammu- nition wagons, the boys were saluted as they passed through the little town of Keetysville by exhortations from the wounded, who crowded every house, and forgot their wounds in their enthusiasm. " Fellows, you've got 'em ! Give 'em h — 1 !" yelled an artillery sergeant, for whom a flesh wound in the arm was being dressed at the window by a kind-hearted looking country woman. " Give it to 'em !" " They're fast !" " This good lady knows every foot of the ground, and says so." The good lady smiled assent, and was saluted with cheer upon cheer. Dead horses, a few unburied men, marks of shot in the buildings, now told of immediate proximity to the field. A short distance farther, and the Division was drawn up in line of battle, behind one of the singular ridges that mark this memorable ground. Fragments of shells, haversacks, knapsacks, and the like, told how hotly the ground had been contested on the previous day. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 21 The order to load was quickly obeyed, and the troops, with the remainder of the Fifth Corps in their imme- diate neighborhood, stood to arms. A large number of officers lined the crest of the ridge, and thither, with leave, the Colonel and Lieut. - Colonel of the 210th repaired. "The scene that met their view was grand beyond description. Another somewhat higher and more uniform ridge, running almost parallel to the ridge or rather connected series of ridges on one of which the officers stood, was the strong position held by the rebels on the previous day. Between the ridges flowed the sluggish Antie- tam, dammed up for milling purposes. Beyond, on the crest of the hill, gradually giving way, were the rebel skirmishers; our own were as gradually creep: ing up the slope. The skirmishers were well deploy- ed upon both sides ; and the parallel flashes and con- tinuous rattle of their rifles gave an interest to the scene, ineffaceable in the minds of spectators. "Do you hear that shell, you can see the smoke just this side, of Sharpsburg on our left," said the Colonel, addressing his companion. " There it bursts," and a puff of white smoke expanded itself in the air fifty yards above one of our batteries posted on a ridge on the left. Two pieces gave quick reply. " Officers, to your posts," shouted an aide-de-camp, and forthwith, the officers galloped to their respective commands. "Boys, the ball is about to open, put your best foot foremost," said the Colonel to his regiment. The men, excited, supposing themselves about to pass their first ordeal of battle, straightened up, held their pieces with tightened grips, and nervously awaited the "forward." Beyond the sharp crack of the rifles, however, no further sound was heard. Hour after hour passed. At length an aide from the staff of the Divi- 22 RED-TAPE AND sion General cantered to where the Brigadier, con- versing with several of his field officers, stood, and informed him that it was the pleasure of the Division General that the men should be made comfortable, as no immediate attack was apprehended. " No immediate attack apprehended !" echoed the Colonel. " Of course not. Why don't we attack them?" The aide flushed, said somewhat excitedly : " That was the order I received, sir." "Boys, cook your coffee," said our Brigadier, some- what mechanically — a brown study pictured in his face. The field officers scattered to relieve their hunger, or rather their anxiety as to the programme of the day. " Charlie," said the Lieut.-Col., addressing a good- humored looking Contraband, "get our coffee ready." The Colonel, with the other field and staff officers, seated themselves upon knapsacks unslung for their accommodation, silently, each apparently waiting upon the other to open the conversation. In the meantime several company officers who had heard of the order gathered about them. "I don't understand this move at all," at length said the Colonel nervously. "Here we are, with a reserve of thirty thousand men who have not been in the fight at all, with ammunition untouched, perfectly fresh and eager for the move. The troops, that were engaged yesterday have for the most part had a good night's rest and are ready and anxious for a brush today. The rebels, hemmed in on three sides by the river — with a miserable ford, and that only in one place, as every body knows, and as there is no earthly excuse for our generals not knowing, as this ground was canvassed often enough in the three months' PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 25 service. Why don't we advance?" continued the Colonel, rising. " Their sharpshooters are near the woods now, and when they reach it, they'll run like Devils. Why don't we advance ? We can drive them into the river, if they like that better than being shelled ; or they can surrender, which they would prefer to either. And as to force, I'll bet we have one third more." The Colonel, an impressive, fine-looking man, six feet clear in his socks, of thirty-eight or thereabouts, delivered the above with more than his usual earnest- ness. The Adjutant, of old Berks by birth, rather short in stature, thick-set, with a mathematically developed head, was the first to rejoin. " It can't be for want of ammunition, Colonel I This corps has plenty. An officer in a corps engaged yes- terday told me that they had enough, and you all saw the hundreds of loaded ammunition wagons that we passed in the road close at hand — and besides, what excuse can there be? The Rebs I understand did not get much available ammunition at the ferry. They are far from their base of supplies, while we are scant fifteen miles from one railroad, and twenty- eight from another, and good roads to both." " Be easy," said the Major, a fine specimen of man- hood, six feet two and a half clear of his boots, an Irishman by birth, the brogue, however, if he ever had any, lost by an early residence in this country. " Be easy. Little Mac is a safe commander. We tried him, Colonel, in the Peninsula, and I'll wager my pay and allowances, and God knows I need them, that he'll have his army safe." " Yes, and the Rebel army too," snappishly inter- rupted the Colonel. 24 KED-TAPE AND "I have always thought," said the Lieut.-Col., " that the test of a great commander was his ability to follow up and take advantage of a victory. One thousand men from the ranks would bear that test triumphantly to-day. It is a wonder that our Union men stiffened in yesterday's fight, whose blue jackets we can see from yonder summit in the rear of our sharpshooters, do not rise from the dead, and curse the halting imbecility that is making their heroic struggles, and glorious deaths, seemingly vain sacri- fices." " Too hard, Colonel, too hard," says the Major. " Too hard ! when results are developing before our eyes, so that every servant, even, in the regiment can read them. Mark my word for it, Major; Lee commenced crossing last evening, and by the time we creep to the river at five hundred yards a day, if at all, indeed, he will have his army over, horse, foot, and dragoons, and leave us the muskets on the field, the dead to bury, farm-houses full of Rebel wounded to take care of, and the battle-ground to encamp upon — a victory barely worth the cost. Why not advance, as the Col. says. The worst they can do in any event is to put us upon the defensive, and they can't drive us from this ground.' , u If old Rosecranz was only here," sang out a Captain, who had been itching for his say, and who had seen service in Western Virginia, " he wouldn't let them pull their pantaloons and shirts off and swim across, or wade it as if they were going out a bobbing for eels. When I was in Western Virginia " " If fighting old Joe Hooker could only take his saddle to-day," chimed in an enthusiastic company officer, completely cutting off the Captain, " he d go in on his own hook." PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 25 "And it would be," sang out a beardless and thoughtless Lieutenant — " Old Joe, kicking up ahind and afore .■*, And the Butternuts a caving in, around old joe." The apt old song might have given the Lieutenant a little credit at any other time, but the matter in hand was too provokingly serious. Coffee and crackers were announced, the field officers commenced their meal in silence, and the company officers returned to their respective quarters. The troops rested on their arms all that afternoon, at times lounging close to the stacks. Upon the face of every reflecting officer and private, deep mortifica- tion was depicted. It did not compare, however, with the chagrin manifested by the Yolunteer Regi- ments who had been engaged in the fight, and whose , thinned ranks and comrades lost made them closely calculate consequences. Not last among the reflect- ing class was our little Irish corporal. " Gineral," said he, advancing cap in hand, to our always accessible Brigadier, as he sat leisurely upon his bay—" Gineral ! will you permit a corporal, and an Irishman at that, to spake a word to ye ?" "Certainly, corporal!" the fine open countenance of the General relaxing into a smile. 11 Gineral ! didn't we beat the Rebs yesterday ? " So they say, corporal." "Don't the river surround them, and can they cross at more than one place, and that a bad one, as an ould woman whose pig I saved to-day tould me ? " The river is on their three sides, and they have only one ford, and that a bad one, corporal." " Thin why the Divil don't we charge?" 2 26 RED-TAPE AND " Corporal !" said the General, laughing, " I am not in command of the army, and can't say." " Bad luck to our stars that ye aren't, Gineral ! there would be somebody hurt to-day thin, and it would be the bluidy Butthernuts, I'm thinking." v ie corporal gave this ready compliment as only an Irishman can, and withdrew. At dusk orders were received for the men to sleep by their arms. But there was no sleep to many an eye until a late hour that night. Never while life lasts will survivors forget the exciting conversations of that day and night. " Tired nature," however, claimed her dues, and one by one, officers and privates at late hours betook themselves to their blankets. The stars, undisturbed by struggles on this little planet, were gazed at by many a wakeful eye. Those same stars will look down as placidly upon the future faithful historian, whose duty it will be to place first in the list of cold, costly military mistakes, the blunder of the day after the battle of Antietam. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 27 :' I CHAPTER III. Tlie March to the River— Our Citizen Soldiery— Popularity of Commanders how Lost and how Won— The Rebel Dead— How the Rebels repay Courtesy. AN early call to arms was sounded upon the suc- ceeding morning, and the Division rapidly form- ed. The batteries that had been posted at command- ing points upon the series of ridges during the pre- vious day and night were withdrawn, and the whole Corps moved along a narrow road, that wound beau- tifully among the ridges. m \ The Volunteer Regiments were unusually quiet ; the thoughts of the night previous evidently lingered with them. The American Volunteer is no mere machine. Rigorous discipline will give him soldierly characteristics— teach him that unity of action with his comrades and implicit obedience of orders are essential to success. But his independence of thought remains; he never forgets that he is a citizen soldier; he reads and reflects for himself. Few observant offi- cers of volunteers but have noticed that affairs ot national polity, movements of military commanders, are not unfreq'uently discussed by men m blouses about camp tires and picket stations, with as much practical ability and certainly quite as courteously, as in halls where legislators canvass them at a nation s 28 RED-TAPE AND cost. It has been justly remarked that in no army in the world is the average standard of intelligence so high, as in the American volunteer force. The same observation might be extended to earnestness of pur- pose and honesty of intention. The doctrine has long since been exploded that scoundrels make the best soldiers. Men of no character under discipline will fight, but they fight mechanically. The determination so necessary to success is wanting. European serfs trained with the precision of puppets, and like puppets unthinking, are wanting in the dash that characterizes our volunteers. That creature of impulse the French- man, under all that is left of the first Napoleon, the shadow of a mighty name, will charge with desperation, but fails in the cool and quiet courage so essential in seeming forlorn resistance. In what other nation can you combine the elements of the American volunteer? It may be said that the British Volunteer Rifle Corps would prove a force of similar character. In many respects undoubtedly they would ; as yet there is no basis of comparison. Their soldierly attainments have not been tested by the realities of war. There was ample food for reflection. On the neigh- boring hills heavy details of soldiers were gathering the rebel dead in piles preparatory to committing them to the trenches, at which details equally heavy, vigor- ously plied the pick and spade. Our own dead, with few exceptions, had already been buried ; and the long rows of graves marked by head and foot boards, placed by the kind hands of comrades, attested but too sadly how heavily we had peopled the ridges. While the troops were en route, the Commander-in- Chief in his hack and four, followed by a staff impos- ing in numbers, passed. The Regulars cheered voci- ferously. The applause from the Volunteers was PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 29 brief, faint, and a most uncertain sound, and yet many of these same Volunteer Eegiments were rapturous in applause, previous to and during the battle. Attach- ment to Commanders so customary among old troops — so desirable in strengthening the morale of the army — cannot blind the intelligent soldier to a grave mistake — a mistake that makes individual effort con- temptible. True, a great European Commander has said that soldiers will become attached to any Gene- ral ; a remark true of the times perhaps — true of the troops of that day, — but far from being true of volun- teers, who are in the field from what they consider the necessity of the country, and whose souls are bent upon a speedy, honorable, and victorious termi- nation of the war. A glance at the manner in which our Volunteer Regiments are most frequently formed, will, perhaps, best illustrate this. A town meeting is called, speech- es made appealing to the patriotic, to respond to the necessities of the country ; lists opened and the names of mechanics, young attorneys, clerks, mer- chants, farmers' sons, dry-goods-men and their clerks, and others of different pursuits, follow each other in strange succession, but with like earnestness of pur- pose. An intelligent soldiery gathered in this way, will not let attachments to men blind them as to the effects of measures. About 10 A. M., our brigade was drawn up in line of battle on a ridge overlooking the well riddled little town of Sharpsburg. Arms were stacked, and privilege given many officers and men to examine the adjacent ground. A cornfield upon our right, along which upon the north side ran a narrow farm road, that long use had sunk to a level of two and in most places three feet, below the surface of the fields, had been 30 KED-TAPE AND contested with unusual fierceness. Blue and grey lay literally with arms entwined as they fell in hand to hand contest. The fence rails had been piled upon the north side of the road, and in the rifle pit formed to their hand with this additional bulwark, they poured the most galling of fires with comparative im- punity upon our troops advancing to the charge. A Union battery, however, came to the rescue, and an enfilading fire of but a few moments made havoc un- paralleled. Along the whole line of rebel occupation, their bodies could have been walked upon, so closely did they lie. Pale-faced, finely featured boys of six- teen, their delicate hands showing no signs of toil, hurried by a misguided enthusiasm from fond friends and luxurious family firesides, contrasted strangely with the long black hair, lank looks of the Louisiana Tiger, or the rough, bloated, and bearded face of the Backwoodsman of Texas. A Brigadier, who looked like an honest, substantial planter, lay half over the rails, upon which he had doubtless stood encouraging his men, while lying half upon his body were two beard- less boys, members of his staff, and not unlikely of his family. Perhaps all the male members of that family had been hurried at once from life by that single shell. The sight was sickening. Who, if privileged, would be willing to fix a limit to God's retributive justice upon the heads of the infamous, and in many instances cowardly originators of this Kebellion ! Cavalry scouting parties brought back the word that the country to the river was clear of the rebels, and in accordance with what seemed to be the pre: vailing policy of the master-mind of the campaign, immediate orders to move were then issued. The troops marched through that village of hospitals, — Sharpsburg — and halted within a mile and a half of PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 31 % the river, in the rear of a brick dwelling, which was then taken and subsequently used as the Head-Quar- ters of Major-General Fitz John Porter. A line of battle was again formed, arms stacked, and an order issued that the ground would be occupied during the night. In the morning the march was again resumed by a road which wound around the horseshoe-shaped bend in the river. When approaching the river, firing was heard, apparently as if from the other side, and a short distance further details were observed carrying wounded men and ranging them comforta- bly around the many hay and straw stacks of the neighborhood. Inquiry revealed that a reconnoi- tring party, misled by the apparent quiet of the other side, had crossed, fallen into an ambuscade, and under the most galling of fires, artillery and musketry, kept up most unmercifully by the advancing rebels, who thus ungraciously repaid the courtesy shown them the day after Antietam — had been compelled to recross that most difficult ford. Our loss was frightful — one new and most promising regiment was almost entirely destroyed. The men thought of the dead earnestness of the rebels, and as they moved forward around the wind- ing Potomac — deep, full of shelving, sunken rocks, from the dam a short distance above the ford, that formerly fed the mill owned by a once favorably known Congressman, A. R. Boteler, to where it was touched by our line — they reviewed with redoubled force, the helplessness of the rebels a few days pre- viously, and to say the least, the carelessness of the leader of the Union army. The regimental camp was selected in a fine little valley that narrowed into a gap between the bluffs, 32 RED-TAPE AND bordering -upon the canal, sheltered by wood, and hav- ing every convenience of water. The rebels had used it but a few days previously, and the necessity was im- mediate for heavy details for police duty. And here we passed quite unexpectedly six weeks of days more pleasant to the men than profitable to the country, and of which something may be said in our two suc- ceeding chapters. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 33 CHAPTER IV. A Regimental Baker — Hot Pies — Position of the Baker in line of Battle-— Troubles of the Baker — A Western Virginia Captain on a Whiskey Scent — The Baker s Story — How to obtain Poli- tical Influence — Dancing Attendance at Washington — What Simon says — Confiscation of Whiskey. ESIDES the indispensables of quartermaster and sutler the 210th had what might be considered a luxury in the shape of a baker, who had volunteered to accompany the regiment, and furnish hot cakes, bread, and pies. Tom Hudson was an original in his way, rather short of stature, far plumper and more savory-looking than one of his pies, with a pleasing countenance and twinkling black eye, that meant humor or roguishness as circumstances might demand, and a never-ending supply of what is always popular, dry humor. He was just the man to manage the thou- sand caprices of appetite of a thousand different men. While in camps accessible to the cities of Washing- ton and Alexandria, matters moved smoothly enough. His zinc-plated bakery was always kept fired up, and a constant supply of hot pies dealt out to the long strings of men, who would stand for hours anxiously awaiting their turn. A movement of the baker's interpreted differently by himself and the men, at one time created considerable talk and no little feeling. 2* 34 RED-TAPE AND On several occasions the trays were lifted out of the oven, and the pies dashed upon the outspread expect- ant hands, with such force as to break the too often half-baked undercrust. In consequence the juices would ooze out, trickle scalding hot between the fin- gers, and compel the helpless man to drop the pie. One unfortunate fellow lost four pies in succession. ' As they cost fifteen cents apiece, the pocket was too much interested to let the matter escape notice. A non-commissioned officer, who had lost a pie, savagely returned to the stand, and demanded another pie or his money. The baker was much too shrewd for that. The precedent, if set, would well nigh exhaust his stock of pies, and impoverish his cash drawer. " I say," said the officer, turning to the men, " it is a trick. He wants to sell as many pies as he can. He knows well enough that when one falls in this mud fifteen cents are gone slap." " Now, boys," said the baker blandly, " you know me better than that. I'd scorn to do an act of that kind for fifteen cents. You know how it is — what a rush there always is here. You want the pies as soon as baked, and baking makes them hot. Now I want to accommodate you all as soon as possible, and of course I serve them out as soon as baked. You had better all get tin-plates or boards." 11 That won't go down, old fellow," retorted the officer. " You know that there is hardly a tin-plate in camp, and boards are not to be had." A wink from the baker took the officer to the pri- vate passage in the rear of his tent. What happened there is known but to the two, but ever after the offi- cer held his peace. Not so with the men. However, as the pies were not dealt out as hot in future, the mat- ter gradually passed from their minds. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 35 To make himself popular with the men, Tom re- sorted to a variety of expedients, one of which was to assure them that in case of an enterprise that pro- mised danger, he would be with them. He was taken up quite unexpectedly. An ammunition train on the morning of the second battle of Bull Run, bound to the field, required a convoy. The regiment was de- tailed. Tom's assertions had come to the ears of the regimental officers, and without being consulted, he was provided with a horse, and told to keep near the Adjutant. There was a drizzling rain all day long, but through it came continually the booming of heavy ordnance. " Colonel ! how far do you suppose that firing is ?" 11 And are they Rebel cannon ? were frequent in- quiries nfade by Tom during the day. About noon he asserted that he could positively ride no further. But ride he must and ride he did. The Regiment halted near Centreville, having passed Porter's Corps on the way and convoyed the Train to the required point. After a short halt the homeward route was taken and Tom placed in the rear. By some accident, frequent when trains take up the road, he became separated from the Regiment and lost among the teams. The Regiment moved on, and as it was now growing dark, turned into a wood about half a mile distant, for the night. Tom had just learned his route, when u ping !" came a shell from a Rebel battery on a hill to the left, exploded among some team horses, and created awful confusion. He suddenly forgot his soreness, and putting spurs to his horse at a John Gilpin speed, rode by, through and over, as he after- wards said, the teams. The shells flew rapidly. Tom dodged as if every one was scorching his hair, at the same time giving a vigorous kick to the rear with 36 BED-TAPE AND both heels. At his speed he was soon by the teams ; in fact did not stop until he was ten Virginia miles from that scene of terror. But we will meet him again in the morning. The Kegiment was soon shelled out of the wood, and compelled to continue its march. Three miles further they encamped in a meadow, passed a wet night without shelter, and early next morning were again upon the road. Thousands of stragglers lined the way, living upon rations plundered from broken- down baggage wagons — lounging lazily around fires that were kept in good glow by rails from the fences near which they were built. The preceding day these stragglers and skulkers were met in squads at every step of the road. At a point sufficiently rernote from danger, their camps commenced. In one of these camps, situated in a fence corner, the baker was espied, stretched at full length and fast asleep, upon two rails placed at a gentle slope at right angles to the fence. Surrounding him were filthy, mean-looking represen- tatives of half-a-dozen various regiments — the Zouave more gay than gallant in flaming red breeches — blouses, dress coats, and even a pair of shoulder straps, assisted to complete the crowd. Near by was tied his jaded horse. The baker was awakened. To his surprise, as he said, he saw the regiment, as he had supposed them to be much nearer home than himself. One of his graceless comrades, however, bluntly contradicted this, and accused- him of being mortally frightened when he halted the night before, as although they assured him that he was full ten miles from danger, he insisted that these rifled guns had terribly long range. * The baker remonstrated, and quietly resumed his place by the Adjutant and Colonel. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 3Y " I have been thinking, Colonel," said he, in the course of a half hour, riding alongside of the Colonel, and speaking in an undertone, " that I ran a great risk unnecessarily." " Why ? " asked the Colonel. M You see my exhortations are worth far more to the men than my example. When they crowd my quarters, as they do every morning, I never fail to deal out patriotic precepts with my pies." "Bnt particularly the pies," retorted the Colonel. "That is another branch of my case," slily con- tinued the baker. " Suppose, if such a calamity can bo dwelt upon, that I had been killed, and there was only one mule between me and death, who would have run my bakery ? who," elevating his voice, " would have furnished hot rolls for the officers, and warm bread cakes and pies for the men ? Eiding along last night, these matters were all duly reflected upon, and I wound up, by deciding that the regiment could not afford to lose me." u But you managed to lose the regiment," replied the Colonel. " Pure accident that, I assure you, upon honor. Now in line of battle I have taken pains to ascertain my true position, but this confounded marching by the flank puts me out of sorts. In line of battle the quartermaster says he is four miles in the rear — the sutler says that he is four miles behind the quartermas- ter, and as it would look singular upon paper to short- en the distance for the baker, besides-other good rea- sons, I suppose I am four miles behind the sutler." " Completely out of range for all purposes," ob- served the Adjutant, who had slily listened with interest. " There is a good reason for that position, it is well 88 BED-TAPE AND chosen, and shows foresight," continued the baker, dropping his rein, and enforcing his remarks by apt gestures. " Suppose we are in line of battle, and the Rebels in line facing us at easy rifle range. Their prisoners say that they have lived for a month past on roasted corn and green apples. Now what will equal the daring of a hungry man ! These Rebel Commanders are shrewd in keeping their men hun- gry ; our men have heart for the fight, it is true, but the rebels have a stomach for it — they hunger for a chance at the spoils. The quartermaster then with his crackers, as they must not be needlessly inflamed, must be kept out of sight — the sutler, too, with his stores, must be kept shady — but above all the baker. Suppose the baker to be nearer," said he, with increased earnestness, " and a breeze should spring up towards their lines bearing with it the smell of warm bread, the rebels would rise instanter on tiptoe, snuff a minute — concentrate on the bakery, and no two ranks or columns doubled on the centre, could keep the hungry devils back. Our line pierced, we might lose the day — lose the day, sir." " And the baker," said the Major, joining in the laugh caused by his argument. Shortly after that march, matters went indifferently with the baker. Camp was changed frequently, and over the rough roads he kept up with difficulty. A week after the battle of Antietam, after satisfy- ing himself fully of the departure of the Rebels, he arrived in camp. He had picked up by the way an ill-favored assistant, whose tent stood on the hill side some little distance from the right flank of the regi- ment. Two nights after his arrival there was a commotion in camp. A tonguey corporal, slightly under regula- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 39 tion size, in an exuberance of spirits, had mounted a cracker-box almost immediately in front of the sut- ler's tent, and commenced a lively harangue. He told how he had left a profitable grocery business to serve his country — his pecuniary sacrifices — but above all, the family he had left behind. M And you've blissed them by taking your charac- ther with you," chimed in the little Irish corporal. u Where did you steal your whiskey ?" demanded a second. The confusion increased, the crowd was dispersed by the guard, all at the expense of the sutler's credit, as it was rumored that he had furnished the stimu- lant. The sutler indignantly demanded an investigation, and three officers, presumed to possess a scent for whiskey above their fellows, were detailed for the duty. One of these was our friend the Virginia cap- tain. Under penalty of losing his stripes, the corporal confessed that he had obtained the liquor at the baker's. Thither the following evening the detail repaired. The assistant denied all knowledge of the liquor. He was confronted with the corporal, and admitted the charge, and that but three bottles remained. » By ," said our Western Virginia captain, hands in pocket, " I smell ten more. There are just thirteen bottles or I'll lose my straps." The confidence of the captain impressed the detail, and they went to work with a will — emptying bar- rels of crackers, probing with a bayonet sacks of flour, &c. A short search, to the pretended amaze- ment of the assistant, proved the correctness of the captain's scent. The baker was sent for, and with 40 RED-TAPE AND indignant manner and hands lifted in holy horror, he poured volley after volley of invective at the con- founded assistant. " But, gentlemen," said the baker, dropping his tone, "I've known worse things than this to happen. I've known even bakers to get tight." " And your bacon would have stood a better chance of being saved if you had got tight, instead of putting a non-commissioned officer in that condition," said one of the detail. " The Colonel, I am afraid, Tom, will clear you out." " Well," sighed the baker, after a pause of a moment, " talk about Job and all the other unfortu- nates since his day, why not one of them had my variety of suffering. Did jou. ever hear any of my misfortunes ?" " We see one." " My life has been a series of mishaps. I prosper occasional^ in small things, but totals knock me. God help me if I hadn't a sure port in a storm — a self-supporting wife. For instance — but I can't com- mence that story without relieving my thirst." A bottle was opened, drinks had all around, and the baker continued — " You see, gentlemen, when Simon was in political power, I waggled successfully and extensively among the coal mines in Central Pennsylvania. In those local- ities voters are kept underground until election day, and they then appear above often in such unexpected force as to knock the speculations of unsophisticated politicians. But Simon was not one of that stripe. He knew his men — the real men of influence ; not men that have big reputations created by active but less widely known under-workers, but the under- worked themselves. Simon dealt with these, and he PIGE0X-H0LE GENERALS. 41 rarely mistook his men. Now I was well known in those parts — kept on the right side of the boys, and the boys tried to keep on the right side of me, and Simon knew it. No red tape fettered Simon, as the boys say it tied our generals the other side of Sharps- burg in order to let the Rebs have time to cross. If the measures that his shrewd foresight saw were ne- cessary for the suppression of this Rebellion, at its outbreak, had been adopted, we would be encamped somewhat lower down in Dixie than the Upper Poto- mac — if indeed there would be any necessity for our being in service at all. " He was not a man of old tracks, like a ground mole ; indeed like some military commanders who seem lost outside of them ; but of ready resources and direct routes, gathering influence now by one means and then by another, and perhaps both novel. Now Simon set me at work in this wise. " ' Tom,' one morning, says an old and respected citizen of our place, who knew my father and my fathers father, and me as an unlucky dog from my cradle, ; Tom, did ever any idea of getting a perma- nent and profitable position — say, as you are an excel- lent penman — as clerk in one of the departments at Harrisburg or Washington, enter your head ?' " At this I straightened up, drew up my shirt collar, pulled down my vest, and said with a sort of hopeful inquiry, ' Why should there ?' " ' Tom, you are wasting your most available talent. Do you know that you have influence — and political influence at that V "Another hitch at my shirt collar and pull at my vest, as visions of the Brick Capitol at Harrisburg and the White one at Washington danced before my eyes. 42 EED-TAPE AND " ' Did you ever reflect, Tom, upon the source of political power?' continued the old gentleman, and without waiting for an answer, fortunately, as I was fast becoming dumbfoundered, ' the people, Tom, the people ; not you and I, so much as that miner,' said he, pointing to a rough ugly-looking fellow that I had kicked out of my wife's bar-room — or, rather, got my ostler to do it — two nights before, ' That man, Tom, is a representative of thousands ; we may represent but ourselves. Now these people are controlled. They neither think nor act for themselves, as a general rule; somebody does that for them. Now,' as he spoke, trying to take me by a pulled-out button-hole, ' you might as well be that somebody as any man I know.' " 'Why, Lord bless you, Mr. Simpson, I can't do my own thinking, and as to acting, my wife says I am acting the fool all day long.' " ■ Tom, you don't comprehend me, you know our county sends three members to the State Legislature, and that they elect a United States Senator.' " ' Yes.' " ' Well, now, our county can send Simon C to the United States Senate.' " ' But our county oughtn't to do it,' — my whig pre- judices that I had imbibed with my mother's milk coming up strong. " ' Tut, tut, Tom, didn't I stand shoulder to shoulder with your father in the old Clay Legion ? Whiggery has had its day, and Henry Clay would stand with us now.' " ' But with Simon's V " l Yes, Simon's principles have undergone a whole- some change.' " I couldn't see it, but didn't like to contradict the old man, and he continued. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 43 " { Now, Thomas, be a man ; you "have influence. I know you have it.' Here I straightened up again. ( Just look at the miners who frequent your hotel, each of them has influence, and don't you think that you could control their votes ? Should you succeed, Simon's Scotch blood will never let him forget a friend.' " ' Or forgive an enemy,' I added. " ' Tom, don't let your foolish prejudices stand in the way of your success. Your lather would advise as I do.' " < Mr. S., I'll try.' " ' That v s the word, Tom,' said the old man, patting me on the shoulder. 'It runs our steam-engines, builds our factories, in short, has made our country what it is.' u I took Mr. S.'s hand, thanked him for his sugges- tions, with an effort swallowed my prejudices against the old Chieftain, and resolved to work as became my new idea of my position. "By the way, the recollection of that effort to swal- low makes my throat dry, and it's a long time between drinks." Another round at the bottle, and Tom resumed. " ' Well, work I did, like a beaver ; there wasn't a miner in my neighborhood that I didn't treat, and a miner's baby that I didn't kiss, and often their wives, as some unprincipled scoundrel one day told Mrs. Hudson, to the great injury of my ears and shins for almost a week, and the upshot of the business was, that my township turned a political somerset.. Friends of Simon's, in disguise, went to Harrisburg, were successful, and I was not among the last to con- gratulate him. " ' Mr. Hudson,' said the Prince of politicians, ' how can I repay you for your services ?' 44 RED-TAPE AND "Like a fool, as my wife always told me I was, I made no suggestion, bat-let the remark pass with the tameness of a sheep — merely muttering that it was a pleasure to serve him. Simon went to Washington — made no striking hits on the floor, but was great on committees. " Another idea entered my noddle, this clip without the aid of Mr. S. My penmanship came into play. Days and nights of most laborious work produced a full length portrait of Simon, that at the distance of ten feet could not be distinguished from a fine en- graving. I seized my opportunity, found Simon in cozy quarters opposite Willard's, and presented it in person. He was delighted — his daughter was de- lighted — a full-faced heavily bearded Congressman present was delighted, and after repeated assuran- ces of ' thine to serve,' on the part of the Senator,' I crossed to my hotel— not Willard's — hadn't as yet sufficient elevation of person and depth of purse for that, — but an humbler one in a back street. Next day I saw my handiwork in the Rotunda — the admi- ration of all but a black long-haired puppy, an M. C. and F. F. V., as I afterwards learned, who said to a lady at his elbow who had admired it, "Practice makes some of the poor clerks at the North tolerably good pensmen." I could have kicked him, but thought it might interfere with the little matter in hand. " ' Tom,' said the senatorial star of my hopes one day, when my purse had become as lean as a June shad, ' Tom, there is a place of $800 a year, I have in view. A Senator is interfering, but I think it can be managed. You must have patience, these things take time. I will write to you as early as any definite result is attained.' " Relying on Simon's management, which in his own PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 45 case had never failed, next morning saw me in the cars with light heart and lighter purse, bound for home and Mrs. II., who I am always proud to think regretted my absence more than my presence, al- though she would not admit it. " Days passed ; months passed ; my wife reproached me with lost time — my picture was gone; I had not heard from Simon ; I ventured to write ; next mail brought a letter rich in indefinite promises. " Years passed, and Simon was Secretary of War at a time when the office had influence, position, and pa- tronage, unequalled in its previous history. 'Now is your time, Tom,' something within whispered — not conscience — for that did not seem to favor my con- nection with Simon. " I wrote again. Quartermasters, Clerks by the thousands, Paymasters — I was always remarkably ready in disposing of funds — and Heaven only knows what not were wanted in alarming num- bers. Active service was proposed by Simon ; but you know, gentlemen, I am constitutionally dis- qualified for that. And after tediously waiting months longer, I succeeded without Simon's aid in obtaining niy present honorable but unfortunate position. " And that reminds me of the whiskey, another round, men." It was taken ; Tom's idea was to drink the detail into forgetfulness of their errand. But he missed his men. Ele might as well have tried to lessen a sponge by soaking it. The Virginia Captain announced that the Colonel had ordered them to confiscate the whiskey for the use of the Hospital, and to the Surgeon's quarters the detail must next proceed. The Captain gathered up the bottles. The detail bowed themselves out of the tent, and poor 46 RED-TAPE AND Tom thought his misfortunes crow 1 ed, as he saw them leave labouring under a load of liquor inside and out. At the Surgeon's tent we will again see them. ^v PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 47 u CHAPTER V. The Scene at the Surgeon'' s Quarters — Our Little Dutch Doctor — Incidents of his Practice — His Messmate the Chaplain — The Western Virginia Captain's account of a Western Vir- ginia Chaplain — His Solitary oath — How he preached, how he prayed, and how he Bush-whacked — His revenge of Snow- dens death — How the little Dutch Doctor applied the Captain's Story. TAPS had already been sounded before the detail arrived at the Surgeon's tent. The only Surgeon present had retired to his blankets. Aroused by the blustering, he soon lit a candle, and sticking the camp candlestick into the ground, invited them in. And here we must introduce the Assistant-Surgeon, or rather the little Dutch Doctor as he was familiarly called by the men. Considering his character and early connexion with the regiment, we are at fault in not giving him an earlier place in these pages. The Doctor was about five feet two in height, hard- ly less in circumference about the waist, of an active habit of body and turn of mind, eyes that winked rapidly when he was excited, and a movable scalp which threw his forehead into multiform wrinkles as cogitations beneath it might demand. A Tyrolese by birth, he was fond of his Father-land, its mountain songs, and the customs of its people. Topics kindred 48 BED-TAPE AND to these were an unfailing fund of conversation with him. Thoroughly educated, his conversation in badly broken English, for he made little progress in ac- quiring the language, at once amused and instructed. Among his fellow surgeons and officers of his ac- quaintance, he ranked high as a skilful surgeon on account of superior attainments, acquired partly through the German Universities and partly in the Austrian service, during the campaign of Magenta, Solferino, and the siege of Mantua. With a Ger- man's fondness for music, he beguiled the tedium of many a long winter evening. With his German education he had imbibed radicalism to its full extent. Thoroughly conversant with the Sacred Scriptures he was a doubter, if not a positive unbeliever, from the Pentateuch to Revelation. In addition to this, his flings at the Chaplain, his messmate, made him un- popular with the religiously inclined of the regiment. He had besides, the stolidity of the German, and their cool calculating practicalism. This did not always please the men. They thought him unfeeling. " What for you shrug your shoulders ?' said he on one occasion to a man from whose shoulders he was removing a large fly blister. " It hurts.-' " Bah, wait till I cuts your leg off — and you know what hurts." " Here, you sick man, here goot place," said he, addressing a man just taken to the hospital with fever, in charge of an orderly sergeant, at surgeon's call, " goot place, nice, warm, dead man shust left." Re- marks such as these did not, of course, tend to increase the comfort of the men ; they soon circulated among the regiment, were discussed in quarters, and as may be supposed greatly exaggerated, and all at the Doc- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 49 tor's cost. But the Doctor pursued the even tenor -of his way, entirely unmindful of them. About the time of which we write, a clever, honest man died of a disease always sudden in its termination, rheumatic attack upon the heart. The Doctor had informed him fully of his disease, and that but little could be done for it. The poor man, however, was punctual in attendance at Surgeon's Call, and insisted upon some kind of medicine. Bread pills were fur- nished. One morning, after great complaint of pain about the heart, and a few spasms, he died. His com- rades, shocked, thought his death the effect of improper medicine. The Doctor's pride was touched. He in- sisted upon calling in other surgeons; the pills found in his pocket were analyzed, and discovered to be only bread. The corpse was opened, and the cause of death fully revealed. As the Doctor walked away in stately triumph, some of the men who had been bois- terous against him, approached by way of excusing their conduct, and said that now they were perfectly satisfied. "What you know !" was his gruff reply, "you not know a man's heart from a pig's." Many like incidents might be told — but we must not leave these Captains standing too long at the door of the tent ; with the production of the light in they came, with the remark that they had brought hospital supplies. In the meantime several officers, field and company, attracted by the noise and whiskey, came in from regimental headquarters. " Must see if goot," and the Doctor applied the bottle to his lips ; it was not a favorite drink of his, and tasted badly in lieu of Ehine wine or lager. " May be goot whiskey." "Let practical whiskey drinkers have a chance," said two or three at once, and the bottle went its round. 3 50 RED-TAPE AND The test was not considered satisfactory until another and another had been emptied. The increasing confusion aroused the Chaplain, who hitherto had been snugly ensconced beneath his blankets in the corner opposite the Doctor. " Here, Chaplain, your opinion, and don't let us hear anything about putting the bottle to your neighbor's lips," said a rough voice in the crowd. The Chaplain politely declined, with the- remark that they appeared too anxious to put the bottle to their own lips to require any assistance from their neighbors. " Chaplain not spiritually minded," muttered the Doctor, " so far but three preaches, and every preach cost government much as sixty tollar." The calcu- lation at the Chaplain's expense, amused the crowd, and annoyed the Chaplain, who resumed his blankets. " When I was in Western Yirginny, under Eose- crans," — " The old start and good for a yarn," said an officer. " Good for facts," replied the Chief of the Detail. "Never mind, Captain, we'll take it as fact," said the Adjutant. " We had a chaplain that was a chaplain in every sense of the word." " Did he drink and swear ? " inquired a member of the Detail. " On long marches and in fights he had a canteen filled with what he called chaplain's cordial, about one part whiskey and three water. I tasted it, but with little comfort. One day, a member of Kosy's staff seeing him pulling at it, asked for it, and after a strong pull, told the chaplain that he was weak in spiritual things. ' Blessed are the poor in spirit,' was the quick answer of the chaplain. As to swear- ing, he was never known to swear but once. PIGEON-HOLE GENEKALS. 51 "I heard an officer tell the Adjutant a day or two ago, that what was considered the prettiest sentence in the English language, had been written by a smutty preacher. I don't recollect the words as he repeated it, but it was about an old officer, who nursed a young one, and some one told him the young one would die. The old officer excited, said, • By Gr-d, he sha'nt die.' It goes on to say then that an Angel flew up to heaven, to enter it in the great Book of Accounts, and that the Angel who made the charge cried over it and blotted it out. That is the substance anyhow. Well, sir, if the Third Virginny's Chaplain's oath was ever recorded it is in the same fix." " Well, tell us about it, how it happened," exclaim- ed several. " Why you see, Rosy sent over one day for a Major who had lately come into the Division, and told him that 300 rebels were about six miles to our left, in the bushes along a creek, and that he should take 300 men, and kill, capture, or drive them off. The Major was about to make a statement. ' That's all, Major,' with a wave of his hand for him to leave, ' I expect a good account.' " That was Rosy's style : he told an officer what he wanted, and he supposed the officer had gumption enough to do if, without bothering him, as some of our red-tape or pigeon-hole Grenerals, as the bo}^s call them, do with long written statements that a memory like a tarred stick couldn't remember — telling where these ten men must be posted, those twenty-five, and another thirty, etc. I wonder what such office Generals think — that the Rebels will be fools enough to attack us when we want them to, or take ground that we would like to have them make a stand on." " Captain, we talk enough ourselves about that ; on with the story." 52 RED-TAPE MD " Well, four companies, seventy-five strong each, were detailed to go with him, and mine among the number, from our regiment. The chaplain got wind of it, and go he would. By the time the detail was ready, he had his bullets run, his powder-horn and fixin's on, and long Tom, as he called his Kentucky rifle, slung across his shoulder." " His canteen?" inquired an officer disposed to be a little troublesome. " Don't recollect about that," said the Captain, some- what curtly. " On the march he mixed with the men, talked with them about all kinds of useful matters, and gave them a world of information. " We had got about a mile from where we supposed the Rebels were ; my company, in advance as skir- mishers, had just cleared a wood, and were*ten yards in the open, when the Butternuts opened fire from a wood ahead at long rifle range. One man was slight- ly wounded. We placed him against a tree with his back to the Rebels, and under cover of the woods were deciding upon a plan of attack, when up gallops our fat Major with just breath enough to say, 'My God, what's to be done ?' "I'll never forget the chaplain's look at that. He had unslung long Tom ; holding it up in his right hand, he fairly yelled out, ' Fight, by Gr — d ! Boj^s, follow me.' And we did follow him. Skirting around through underbrush to our left, concealed from the Rebs, we came to an open again of about thirty yards. The Rebs had retired about eighty yards in the wood to where it was thicker. " Out sprang the Chaplain, making a worm fence, Indian fashion, for a big chestnut. We followed in same style. My orderly was behind another chestnut PIGEON-HOLE GENEEALS. 53 about ten feet to the Chaplain's left, and slightly to his rear. There was for a spell considerable random tiring, but no one hurt, and the Rebs again retired a little. We soon saw what the Chaplain was after. About eighty-five yards in his front was another big chestnut, and behind it a Rebel officer. They blazed away at each other in fine style — both good shots, as you could tell by the bark being chipped, now just where the Chaplain's head was, and now just where the officer's was. The officer was left-handed. The Chaplain could fire right or left equally well. By ft kind of instinct for fair play and no gouging that even the Rebs feel at times, the rest on both sides looked at that fight, and wouldn't mix. Mv orderly had several chances to bringr the Rebel. Tneir- rifles cracked in quick succession for quite a spell. The Chaplain, at last, not wanting an all-day affair of it, carefully again drew a bead on a level with the chip marks on the left of the Rebel tree. He had barely time to turn his head without deranging the aim, when a ball passed through the rim of his hat. As he turned his head, he gave a wink to the orderly, who was quick as lightning in taking a hint. A pause for nearly a minute. By and by the Rebel pokes his head out to see what was the matter. Seeing the gun only, and thinking the Chaplain would give him a chance when he'd take aim, he did not pull it in as* quick as usual. My orderly winked, — a sharp crack, and the Rebel officer threw up his hands, dropped his rifle, and fell backward, with well nigh an ounce ball right over his left eye, through and through his head. Our men cheered for the Chaplain. The Rebs fired in reply, and rushed to secure the body. That cost them three more men, but they got their bodies, and fast as legs could carry them, cut to their fort about 54 RED-TAPE AND three miles to their rear. We of course couldn't attack the fort, and returned to camp. The boys were loud in praise of the Chaplain. Their chin music, as they called camp rumors, had it that the officer killed was a Rebel chaplain. Old Rosy, when he heard of it, laughed, and swore like a trooper. I hear he has got over swearing now — but it couldn't have been until after he left Western Virginny. I heard our Chaplain say that he heard a brother chap- lain say, and he believed him to be a Christian, — that fce believed that the Apostle Paul himself would learn to swear inside of six months, if he entered the ser- vice in Western Yirginny. Washington prayed at Trenton, and swore at Monmouth, and I don't believe that the*War Department requires Chaplains to be better Christians than Washington. Our old Chaplain used to say that there were many things worse than swearing, and that he didn't believe that men often swore away their chances of heaven." " Comforting gospel for you, captain," said that trou- blesome officer. " He was a bully chaplain," continued the captain, "becoming more animated, probably because the regi- mental chaplain, turtle-like, had again protruded his head from between the blankets. " He had no long tailed words or doctrines that nobody understood, that tire soldiers, because they don't understand them, and make them think that the chaplain is talking only to a few officers. That's what so often keeps men away from religious services. Our chaplain used to say that you could tell who Paul was talking to by his style of talk. I can't say how tlaat is from my own reading ; but I always heard that Paul was a sensible man, and if so he certainly would suit him- self to the understanding of his crowd." PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 55 " Our old chaplain talked right at you. No mis- take he meant you — downright, plaiu, practical, and earnest. He'd tell his crowd of backwoodsmen, flatboatmen and deck hands — the hardest customers that the gospel was ever preached to, — ' That the war carried on by the Government was the most righteous of wars ; they were doing God's service by righting in it. On the part of the rebels it was the most un- natural and wicked of wars. ^ They called it a second Revolutionary War, the scoundrels ! when my father and your father, Tom Hulzman,' said he, addressing one of his hearers, ' fought in the Revolution, they fought against a tyrannical monarchy that was founded upon a landed aristocracy — that is, rich big feeling people, that owned very big farms. The Govern- ment stands in this war, if any thing, better than our fathers stood. We fight against what is far worse than a landed aristocracy, meaner in the sight of God and more hated by honest men, this accursed slave aristocracy, that will, if they whip us — (Can't do that, yell the crowd.) No, they can't. If they should, we would be no better than the poor whites that are per- mitted to live a dog's life on some worn-out corner of a nigger-owner's plantation. Would you have your children, Joe Dixon, insulted, made do the bidding of some long-haired lank mulatto nabob ? (Never, says Joe.) Then, boys, look to your arms, fire low, and don't hang on the aim. We must fight this good fight out, and thank God we can do it. If we die, blessed will be our memory in the hearts of our children. If we live and go to our firesides battle-scarred, our boys can say, " See how dad fought, and every scar in front," and we'll be honored by a grateful people.' And he'd tell of the sufferings of their parents, wives, and children, if we didn't succeed, till the water courses on the dirty faces of his crowd would be as plain as his preaching. 56 RED-TAPE AND " And pray ! he'd pray with hands and eyes both open, in such a way that every one believed it would have immediate attention ; that God would damn the Rebellion ; and may be next day he'd have Long Tom doing its full share in hurrying the rebels themselves to damnation. " And kind hearted ! why old Tim Larkins, who had a wound on the shin that wouldn't heal, told me with tears in his eyes that he • had been mother, wife, and child to him. He went about doing good. " And now I recollect," and the Captain's e} r e glistened as he spoke, " how he acted when young Snowden was wounded. Snowden was a slender, pale- faced stripling of sixteen, beloved by every body that knew him, and if ever a perfect Christian . walked this earth, he was one, even if he was in service in Western Yirginny. The chaplain was fond of company, and, as was his duty, mixed with the men. Snowden was reserv- ed, much by himself, and had little or no chance to learn bad habits ; that is the only way I can account for his goodness. I often heard the chaplain tell the boys to imitate Snowden, and not himself; 'you'll find a pure mouth there, boys, because the heart is pure ; you'll see no letters of introduction to the devil,' as the chaplain called cards, 'in his knapsack.' By the way, he was so hard on cards, that even the boatmen, who knew them better than their A B C's, were ashamed to play them. He would say, i Snowden is brave as man can be ; he has a right to be, he is prepared for every fate. A christian, boys, makes all the better soldier for his being a Christian,' and he would tell us of Washington, Col. Gardner, that preacher that suffered, fought and died near Elizabeth, in the Jersej^s, and others. " In bravery, none excelled Snowden. We were PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 57 lying down once, but about sixty yards from a wood chuck full of rebels, when word was sent that our troops on the left must be signalled, to charge in a certain way. Several understood the signs, but -Snow- den first rose, mounted a stump, and did not get off although receiving flesh wounds in half-a-dozen dif- ferent places, and his clothing cut to ribands, until he saw the troops moving as directed, flow we gritted our teeth as we heard the bullets whiz by that brave boy. I have the feeling yet. We thought his goodness saved him. His was goodness ! Not that kind that will stare a preacher full in the face from a cushioned pew on Sunday, and gouge you over the counter on Mon- day, but the genuine article. His t?me was yet to come. " One day we had driven the rebels through a rough country some miles, skirmishing with their rear- guard ; the Chaplain and Snowden with my company foremost. We neared a small but deep creek the rebels had crossed, and trying to get across, we were scattered along the bank. I heard a shot, and as I turned I saw poor Snowden fall, first on his knee and then on his elbow. I called the Chaplain. They were messmates — he loved Snowden as his own child, and always called him ' my boy.' He rushed to him, c My boy, who fired that shot ?' The lad turned to a clump of bushes about 80 yards distant on the other side of the creek. Long Tom was in hand, but the rebel was first, and a ball cut the Chaplain's coat col- lar. The flash revealed him ; in an instant long Tom was in range, and another instant saw a Butternut belly face the sun. Dropping his piece, falling upon his knee, he raised Snowden gently up with his left hand. 'I am dying,' whispered the boy, 'tell my mother I'll meet her in heaven.' The Chaplain raised 3* 58 BED-TAPE AND his right hand, his eyes swimming in tears, and in tones that I'll never forget, and that make me a better man every time I think of them, he said, ' God, the pure in heart is before thee, redeem thy promise, and reveal thyself.' A slight gurgle, and with a pleasant smile playing upon his countenance, the soul of John Snowden, if there be justice in heaven, went straight up to the God who gave it." Tears had come to the Captain's eyes, and were glistening in the eyes of most of the crowd. The Dutch doctor alone was unmoved. Stoically he remarked, " Yery goot story, Captain, goot story, do our Chaplain much goot." The crowd left quietly — all but the Captain, who, never forgetting business in the hurry of the moment, drew a receipt for the transfer of thirteen bottles of whiskey to the hospital department, which the doctor sigued without reading. PIGE OX-HOLE GENERALS. 59 CHAPTER VI. A Day at Division Head- Quarters — The Judge Advocate — The tweedle-dum and tweedle-dee of Red- Tape as understood by Pigeon-hole Generals — Bed-tape Reveries — French Author- ities on Pigeon-hole Investigations — An Obstreperous Court and Pigeon-hole Strictures — Disgusting Head- Quarter Profanity. • • npHE General commanding Division desires to JL see Lieutenant Colonel , 210th Regi- ment, P. V., Judge Advocate, immediately," were words that met the eye of the latter officer, as he unfolded a note handed him by an orderly. It was about nine in the forenoon of a fine day in Octo- ber. Buckling on his sword, and ordering his horse, he rode at a lively canter to the General's Head-Quarters. " Colonel," said the General, pulling vigorously at the same time at the left side of his moustache, as if anxious that his teeth should take hold of it, "I have sent for you in regard to this Record. Do you know, sir, that this Record has given me a d d sight of trouble ; wiry, sir, I consulted authorities the greater part of last night, French and American." " In regard to what point, General?" 11 In regard to what point ? In regard to all the points, sir. There, sir, is the copy made of that or- der detailing the Court. It reads, ' Detailed for the Court,' whereas it should be ' Detail for the Court.' 60 BED-TAPE AND My mind is not made up fully as to whether the vari- ance vitiates the Record or not. The authorities ap- pear to be silent upon that point. To say the least, it is d d awkward." " General, the copy is a faithful one of the order issued from your Head-Quarters." " From my Head-Quarters, sir ? By G — d, Colo- nel, that can't be. If I have been particular, and have prided myself upon any one thing, it has been upon having papers drawn strictly according to the Regulations. And I have tried to impress it upon my clerks. That infernal blunder made at my Head- Quarters ! I'll soon see how that is." And the General, Record in hand, took long strides, for a lit- tle man, towards the Adjutant's tent. " Captain," said he, addressing an officer who was best known in the Division as a relative of a leading commander, and whose only claim to merit — in fact, it had to counterbalance many habits positively bad — consisted of his reposing under the shadow of a mighty name, " where is the original order detailing this Court?" " Here, General," said a clerk, producing the paper. The General's eye rested for a moment upon it, then throwing it upon the table, he burst out passionately : " Captain, this is too G — - — bad after all my care and trouble in giving you full instructions. Is it possible that the simplest order can't be made out without my supervision, as if, by G — d, it was my business to stand over your desks all day long, see every paper folded, endorsement made, and the right pigeon-hole selected? This won't do. I give full instructions, and expect them carried out. By G — d," continued the General, strid- ing vehemently across to his marquee, " they must be carried out." PIGEOX-IIOLE GENERALS. 61 11 Colonel, I see that you are not accountable for this. If the d d fool had only made it ' Detail of the Court,' it might have passed unnoticed." " General," suggested the Colonel, " would not that have been improper ? Would it not have im- plied an already existing organization of the court ? whereas the phrase in the order is intended merely to indicate who shall compose the court." "It would have looked better, sir," said the Gene- ral, somewhat sharply. "Colonel, you are not to blame for this; you can return to quarters, sir." The Colonel bowed himself out, remounted his black horse, and while riding at a slow walk, could not but wonder if the Government would not have been the gainer if it had made it the business of the General to fold and endorse papers, and dust pigeon- holes. It was generally understood that this occupa- tion had been, previous to his being placed in com- mand of the Division, the sum-total of the General's military experience. And how high above him did this red-tapism extend? The General had been on McClellan's staff, and through his influence, doubtless, acquired his present position. Were its trifling de- tails detaining the grand army of the Potomac from an onward movement in this most favorable weather, to the great detriment of national finances, the en- couragement of the Rebellion, and the depression of patriots everywhere? Must the earnestness of the patriotic, self-sacrificing thousands in the field, be fettered by these cobwebs, constructed by men in- terested in pay and position ? If so, then in its widest sense, is the utterance of an intelligent Sergeant, made a few days previous, true, that red-tape was a greater curse to the country than the rebellion. The loyal earnest masses would soon, if unfettered, have found 62 RED-TAPE AND leaders equally loyal and earnest — Joshuas born in the crisis of a righteous cause, whose unceasing blows would not have allowed the rebels breathing spells. It is not too late ; but how much time, blood, to say nothing of money, have been expended in ascer- taining that a great Union military leader thought the war in its best phase a mere contest for bounda- ries. The black halted at the tent door, was turned over to his attendant, and the Lieut. -Colonel joined his tent companion the Colonel. His stay was brief. In the course of a few minutes an orderly in great haste handed him the following note: " The General commanding Division desires to see Lieut.-Colonel without delay." The saddle, not yet off the black, was readjusted, and again the Judge- Advocate cantered over the gentle bluffs to Division Head-Quarters. "Colonel," said the General, hardly waiting for his entrance, " these mistakes multiply so, as I proceed in my duty as Reviewing Officer, that I am utterly confounded as to what course to pursue." " Will you please point them out, General V " Point out the Devil ! — will you point to something that is strictly in accordance with the regulations ? Here you have 'Private John W. Holman, Co. I, 212th Regt. P. V.,' and then not two lines below, it is, John "W. Holman, Private, Co. I, 212th Reg. P. V.' Now, by G — Colonel, one is certainly wrong, and that blunder did not come from Division Head-Quarters." " Will the General please indicate which is cor- rect?" "Indicate! that's the d — 1 of it, that is the per- plexing question ; my French authorities are silent on PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 63 the subject, and yet, sir, you must see that one must be wrong." " That does not follow, General ; it would be con- sidered a mere clerical error. Records that I have Seen have titles preceding and following both." " There is no such thing in military law as a mere clerical error. Every thing is squared here by the regulations and military law. The General or Colonel who is unfortunate in consequence of strictly following these, will not, by military men, regular officers at least, be held accountable. Do not understand me as. combating your knowledge of the law, Colonel ; you may have excused, in your practice, bad records successfully on the ground of ' clerical errors,' but it will not do in the army. 'J'here's where volunteer officers make their mistakes'; they don't think and act concertedly as regulars do. Individual judgment steps in too often, and officers' judgments play the D — 1 in the army. Now, in France, their rules in regard to this, are' unusually strict." u They order this matter better in France then," observed the Colonel, mechanically making use of the hackneyed opening sentence of " The Sentimental Journey." "And they manage them better, Sir; — Another thing, Colonel," quickly added the General, " t's must be crossed and i's carefully dotted. There are several omissions of this kind that might have sent the Record back. By the way, whose hand- writing is this copy in?" said the General, looking earnestly at the Colonel. " A clerk's, sir." " A clerk ! Another d — d pretty piece of business," continued the General, rising. u Colonel, that record is not worth a G not a G , Sir ! Who ever heard of a clerk being employed ? no clerk has a right to know any thing of the proceedings." 64 KED-TAPE AND "I have been informed, General, and "have ob- served from published reports of proceedings of courts-martial, that clerks are in general use." " Can't be ! Colonel, can't be ! By G — d, there is another perplexing matter for my already over-taxed time, and yet the senseless people expect Generals to move large armies, and plan big battles, when their hands are full of these d — d business details that cannot be neglected or delayed." The General resumed his seat, ran his fingers through his hair with frightful rapidity, as if gather- ing disconcerted and scattered ideas, for a moment or two, and then looking up dismissed the Colonel. The black was again in requisition ; and again the Colonel's thoughts, with increased feelings of disgust, were directed to what 'he could not but think the trifling details that, as the General admitted, delay the movements of great armies, and the striking of heavy blows. T's must be crossed when we ought to be cross- ing the Potomac ; i's dotted when we ought to be dotting Virginia fields with our tents. And war so proverbially, so historically uncertain, has its rules, which, if adhered to, will save commanders from cen- sure — judgment not allowed to interfere. It would appear so from many movements in the history of the Army of the Potomac. What would that despiser of senseless details, defier of rules laid down by in- ferior men, and cutter of red tape, as well as master- genius in the art of war, the Great, the First Napo- leon, have said to all this. Shades of Washington, Marion, Morgan, all the Revolutionary worthies, Jackson, all our Volunteer Officers, of whose military records we are justly proud — " Of the mighty can it be That this is all remains of thee!" PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 65 Generals leading armies such as the world never before saw, fettering movements on the field by the movements of trifling office details at the desk, which viewed in the best light are the most con- temptible of excuses for delay. This time the old black was not unsaddled ; — a for- tunate thought, as another request for the immediate presence of the Judge Advocate compelled him to take his dinner of boiled beans hasty and hot. Whatever the reader may think of the General's condition of mind during the preceding interviews, it was to reach its fever heat in this. The Colonel saw, as he entered the marquee, that his forced calmness of demeanor portended a storm. Whether the Colo- nel thought that a half-emptied good-sized tumbler of what looked like clear brandy which stood on the table before him, had anything to do ,with it, the reader must judge for himself. " Colonel, I had made up my mind to forward that Record with the mistakes I have already indicated to you, but after all I am pained to state that the total disregard of duty by the Court, and perhaps by yourself, in trifling— yes, by G— d — " here the Ge- neral could keep in no longer, and rising with hand clinching the Record firmly, continued, — "trifling with a soldier's duty, the regulations, and the safety of the army will no£ allow it. Colonel, you are a lawyer, and is it possible that you can't see what that d d Court has done ?" 11 1 would be happy to be informed in what respect they have erred, General." "Happy to be informed! how they have erred! By G— d, Colonel, you take this outrageous matter cool. That Record," said the General, holding it up, and waving it about his head,— the red tape with 66 RED-TAPE AND which the Judge Advocate had adorned it plentifully, if for no other purpose than to cover a multitude of mistakes, all the while streaming in the air, — "that Record is a disgrace to the Division. What does that Record show?" At this he threw it violently into a corner of the tent. " It shows, by G — d, that here was an enlisted soldier in the United States Army, found sleeping on his post in the dead hour of night, in the presence of the enemy, and yet — " said the General, lifting both hands clenched, " a pack of d — d volunteer- officers detailed as a court let him off. Yes, I'll be G ," and his arms came down slapping against his hips, " let him off, with what? why a reprimand at dress parade, that isn't worth a d — n as a punishment. Here was a chance to benefit the Division ; yes, sir, a military execution would do this Division good. It needs it ; we'll have a d — d sight now to be court-mar- tialed. What will General McClellan say with that record before him ? Think of that, Colonel.' " I would be much more interested in what Judge Advocate Holt would say, General, on account of his vastly superior ability in that department ; and as to the death penalty, General, I conscientiously think it would be little short of, if not quite, murder." The General had resumed his seat, but now arose as if about to interrupt ; — but the Colonel continued : — " General, that boy is but seventeen, with a look that indicates unmistakably that he is half an idiot. He has an incurable disease that tends to increase his imbecility. His memory, if he ever had any, is com- pletely gone. The Articles of War, or instructions of officers as to picket duty, would not be remembered by him a minute after utterance, and not understood when uttered. I have thought since that I should have entered a plea of insanity for him. He had not PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 67 previously been upon duty for a month, and was that day placed on by mistake. The Court, if it had had the power, would have punished the officer that re- cruited him severely. He ought to be discharged; and the Court was informed that his application for dis- charge, based upon an all-sufficient surgeon's certifi- cate, was forwarded to your head-quarters a month ago, and has not since been heard from. Besides, this was not a picket station, but a mere inside regimental camp guard." The Colonel spoke rapidly, but with coolness ; — all the while the General's eyes, fairly glowing, were gazing down intently upon him. " Colonel, if your manner was not respectful, I would think that you intended insulting me by your d d provoking coolness. Conscience!" said the General, sneeringly, "conscience or no conscience, that man must be duly sentenced. By G — d, I order it. You must reconvene the Court without delay. It is well seen it is not a detail of Regulars. Conscience wouldn't trouble them when a d d miscreant was upon trial. A boy of seventeen ! Seventeen or thirty- seven ! By G — d ! he is a soldier in the Army of the United States, and must be tried and punished as a soldier. An idiot ! What need you care about the brains of a soldier ? If he has the army cap on his head, that's all you need require. - Plea of insanity, indeed ! We want no lawyer's tricks here. And as to that discharge, if it is detained at my head-quarters, it is because it was not properly folded or endorsed — may be will not fit neatly in the pigeon-hole. Colo- nel," continued the General, moderating his tone somewhat, " I must animadvert — by G— d, I must animadvert severely upon that Record." " General," quietly interrupted the Colonel, "you 68 RED-TAPE AND will publish your animadversion, I trust, so that it can be read at dress parades, and the Division have the benefit of it." " There, Colonel," said the General, twitching his moustache violently, " there it is again. You appear perfectly courteous— but that remark is cool contempt. I want you to understand," his tones louder, and gesti- culations violent, " that you must take my strictures, tell the court that they must impose the sentence I direct, and leave conscience to me, and no d d plea of insanity about it." u General," observed the Colonel, rising, "I am the counsel of the prisoner as well as of the United States. I cannot and will not injure my own conscience, wrong the prisoner, or humiliate the Government by insisting upon a death penalty." " Read my strictures to the court, and do your duty, sir, or I'll court-martial the whole d d establish- ment. Go and re-assemble your court forthwith." As he said this he handed a couple of closely writ- ten sheets of large sized letter-paper, tied with the inevitable red-tape, to the Colonel. The Colonel bow- ed himself out, and the chair in front of the pigeon- holes of the camp desk was again occupied by a living embodiment of red-tape. The court was forthwith notified. It immediately met. The strictures were read, and in case of many sentences, especially towards the close, from necessity re-read by the Judge Advocate. After considerable laughter over the document, and some little indigna- tion at the unwarranted dictation of " their command- ing General," of which title the General had taken especial pains to remind them at least every third sentence, the court decided not to change the sentence, and directed the Judge Advocate to embody their \ PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 69 reasons for the character of the sentence in his report. The reasons, much the same as those stated to the General by the Judge Advocate, were reduced to writing, and duly forwarded, with the record signed and attested, to their "commanding General." - That record, like some other court-martial records of the Division, has not since been heard of as far as the Judge Advocate or any member of the court is in- formed. The poor boy a few days afterwards entered a hospital, not again to rejoin his regiment. His ap- plication for discharge has not been heard of. With no prospect of being fit for active service — dying by inches in fact, — he is compelled at Government ex- pense to follow the regiment in an ambulance from camp to camp, and on all its tedious marches. The profanity in the foregoing chapter has doubt- less disgusted the reader quite as much as its utterance did the Judge Advocate. And yet hundreds of the Division who have heard the General on hundreds of other occasions, the writer feels confident will cer- tify that it is rather a mild mood of the General's that has been described. The habit is disgusting at all times. Many able Generals are addicted to the habit ; but they are able in spite of it. That their influence would be increased without it, cannot be denied. It has been well said to be " neither brave, polite, nor wise." But now when the hopes of the nation centre in the righteousness of their cause, and thousands of prayers continually ascend for its furtherance from Christians in and out of uniform, how utterly contemp- tible ! how outrageously wicked ! for an officer of elevated position, to profane the Name under which those prayers are uttered, and upon which the nation relies as its " bulwark," " its tower of strength," a very "present help in this its time of trouble." 70 RED-TAPE AND ^ CHAPTER VII. A Picket- Station on the Upper Potomac — Fitz John's Bail Or- der — Pails for Corps Head- Quarters versus Pails for Hospi- tals — The Western Virginia Captain — Old Posy, and How to Silence Secesh Women — The Old Woman's Fixiris — The Captain's Orderly. •ICKET duty, while in this camp, was light. Even the little tediousness connected with it was relieved by the beautifully romantic character of the scenery. Confined entirely to the river front, the companies detailed were posted upon the three bluffs that extended the length of that front, and on the tow-path of the canal below. The duty, we have said, was light. It could hardly be considered necessary, in fact, were it not to disci- pline the troops. The bluffs were almost perpendi- cular, varying between seventy-five and one hundred feet in height. Immediately at their base was the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, averaging six feet in depth. A narrow towing-path separated it from the Potomac, which, in a broad, placid, but deep stream, broken occasionally by the sharp points of shelving rocks, mostly sunken, that ran in ridges parallel with the river course, flowed languid ly ; the water being dammed below as before mentioned. On one of the most inclement nights of the season, PIGE0X-II0LE GEXERALS. 71 the Company commanded by our Western Virginia captain had been assigned the towing-path as its sta- tion. No enemy was in front, nor likely to be, from the manner in which that bank of the river was com- manded by our batteries. In consequence, a few fires, screened by the bushes along the river bank, were allowed. Around these, the reserve "and offi- cers not on duty gathered. In a group standing around a smoky fire that struggled for existence with the steadily falling rain, stood our captain. His unusual silence attracted the x attention of the crowd, and its cause was inquired into. u Boys, I'm disgusted ; for the first time in my life since I have been in service; teetotally disgusted with the way things are carried on. I'm no green- horn at this business either," continued the captain, assuming, as he spoke, the position of a soldier, and although somewhat ungainly when off duty, no man in the corps could take that position more correctly, or appear to better advantage. " I served five years as an enlisted man in an artillery regiment in the United States army, and left home in the night when I wasn't over sixteen, to do it ; part of that time was in the Mexican war. Yes, sir, I saw nearly the whole of that. Since then, I've been in service near- ly ever since this Eebellion broke out, and the hard- est kind of service, and under nearly all kinds of officers, and by all that's holy, I never saw anything so mean nor was as much disgusted as I was to-day. Boys ! when shoulder-straps with stars on begin to think that we are not human beings, of flesh and blood, liable to get sick, and when sick, needing at- tention like themselves, it's high time those straps change shoulders. These damp days we, and espe- 72 RED-TAPE AND ciallj our sick, ought to be made comfortable. One great and good soldier that I've often heard tell of, wounded, of high rank, and who lived a long time ago, acfbss the ocean, refused, although dying for want of drink, to touch water, until a wounded private near him first had drunk. That's the spirit. A man that'll do that, is right, one hundred chances to one in other respects. We have had such Generals, we have them now, and some may be in this corps, but it don't look like it." " Well, Captain, what did you see ?" " Well, I had sent my Sergeant to get a few rails to keep a poor boy comfortable who had a high fe- ver, and who could not get into the hospital for want of room. The wood that was cut from the hill was green, and the poor fellow had been nearly smoked to death. The Sergeant went with a couple of men, and was coming back, the men having two rails apiece, when just as they got the other side of the Toll-gate on the hill, the Provost-Guard stopped them, told them there was an order against their us- ing rails, and they must drop them. It did no good to say that they were for a sick man, that was no go. They thought they had to do it, and did it. They hadn't come fifty yards toward camp, before one of those big six-mule corps- teams that have been haul- ing rails for the last four days, came along, and the rails were pitched into the wagon. When I heard of it I was wrothy. I cut a bee-line for the Adjutant and got the Order, and there it was in black and white, that no more fences — rebel fences — should be destroyed, and no more rails used. Now, I knew well that these corps-teams had hauled and hauled until the whole establishment, from General Porter down to his Darkies, were in rails up to their eyes, PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. V3 and then, when they had their own fill, this order comes, and we, poor devils, might whistle. Here were our hospitals like smoke-houses, not fit for hu- man beings, and especially the sick. It was a little too d d mean. I couldn't stand it. The more I thought of it the madder I got, and I got fighting- mad, when I thought how often that same General in his kid gloves, fancy rig, and cloak thrown back from his shoulders to show all the buttons and stars, had passed me without noticing my salute. He never got a second chance, and never will. I started off, took three more men than the Sergeant had ; went to the first fence I could find,. and that was about two miles — for the corps- teams had made clean work — ■ loaded my men and myself, and started back. The Provost-Guard was at the old place ; I was bound to pass them squarely. " ' Captain,' said the Sergeant, l we have orders to stop all parties carrying rails.' 11 ' By whose orders ?' " f General Porter's.' 11 ' 1 am one of General Porter's men. I have author- ity for this, sir,' said I, looking him full in the eye. " ' Boys, move on !' and on we did move. When the Lieut, saw us filing left over the hill towards camp, he sent a squad after us. But it was too late. The Devil himself couldn't have had the rails in sight of my company quarters, and I told him so. " f I'll report you to the Division General, and have you court-martialled, sir.' u i Yevj well,' although I knew the General had a mania for courts-martial. 'I have been court-mar- tialled four times, and cleared every clip.' " ' Now let that court-martial come ; somebody's meanness will see the light,' thought I. 4 f 4 ItED-TAfcfi AND " Old Rosy, boys, was the mam I said I was dis- gusted, but we mustn't get discouraged. We have some earnest men — yes, I believe, plenty of them ; but they're not given a fair show. It'll all come right, though, I believe. Men with hearts in them ; and Rosy, let me tell you, is no runt in that litter. " ' Captain,' said he to me one day when I had gone to his head-quarters according to orders, ' I have sonething that must be done without delay, and from what I've seen of you, you are just the man for the work. I passed our hospital a few minutes ago, and I thought it was about to blaze ; the smoke came out of the windows, chimney, doors, and every little crack so damnably. I turned around and went in, and found that the smoke had filled it, and that the poor fellows were suffering terribly. Now, Captain, they have no dry wood, and they must have some forth with, and I'll tell you where to get it. 11 ' The other day I rode by a nest of she*rebels, and found that they had cord upon cord of the best hick- ory piled up in the yard, as if cut by their husbands, before leaving, for use this winter. They have made provision enough for our hospital too. Now take three army wagons, as many men as you need, and go about three miles out the Little Gap Road till you come to a new weather-boarded house at the Forks. Make quick work, Captain.' " I did make quick work in getting there, for that was about ten, and about half-past eleven the govern- ment wagons were in the yard of the house and my company in front. " ' We have no chickens,' squalled an old woman from a second-story window, ' nor pigs,- nor anything — all gone. We are lone women.' " ' Only in the day-time, I reckon,' said my orderly; PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 75 the same fellow that winked at the chaplain. He was one of the roughest fellows that ever kept his breath over night. Long, lank, ill-favored, a white scrawny- beard, stained from the corners of his mouth with tobacco juice ; but for all, I'd pick him out of a thousand for an orderly. He was always there, and his rifle — he always carried his own — a small bore, heavy barrel, rough-looking piece, never missed. " As the old woman was talking from the window, a troop of women, from eighteen to forty years old — but I am a better judge of horses' ages than women's; they slip us up on that pint too often — came rushing out of the door. They made all kinds of in- quiries, but I set my men quietly to work loading the wood. " ' Now, Captain, you shan't take that wood,' said a well-developed little, rather pretty, black-haired woman, but with those peculiar black eyes, full of the devil, that you only see among the Rebels, and that the Almighty seems to have set in like lanterns in lighthouses to show that their bearers are not to be trusted. * You shan't take that wood !' raising her voice to a scream. The men worked on quietly, and I overlooked the work. " ' You dirty, greasy-looking Yankee,' said another, ' born in some northern poor-house.' " ' And both parents died in jail, Til bet.' " ' If our Jim was only here, he'd handle the cow- ardly set in less time than one of them could pick up that limb.' " ' You chicken thief, you come by it honestly. Your father was a thief before you, and your mother — ' " This last roused me. I could hear nothing bad of her from man or woman. 76 EED-TAPE AND " c You she-devil,- said I, turning to her, * not one word more.' She turned toward the house. " Bi!t they annoj'ed the men, and I concluded to keep them still. " ' Sergeant,' said I, addressing the orderly, and near- ing the house, the women close at my heels. ' Ser- geant, as our regiment will camp near here to-mor- row, we might as well look out for a company hospi- tal. How big is that house ?- " 'Large enough, Captain; thirty by fifty at least.' " ' How many rooms?' " ' About three, I reckon, on first floor, and I guess the upper story is all in one, from its looks through the window. Plenty of room. Bully place, and what is more, plenty of ladies to nurse the poor boys. " The noses of the women not naturally cocked, became upturned at this last remark of the sergeant's. But they had become silent, and looked anxious. " ' Sergeant, here's paper and pencil, just note down the names of the sick, and the rooms we'll put them in, so as to avoid confusion.' 11 The sergeant ran the sharp end of the pencil half an inch in his mouth, and on the palm of his horny hand commenced the list, talking all the while aloud — slowly, just as if writing — 'Let me see. My mem'y tisn't more than an inch long, and there's a blasted lot (of 'em. ] " 'Jim Smith, Bob Riley, Larry Clark, got small- pox ; Larry all broke out big as old quarters, put 'em in back roorn^ clown stairs.' The women got pale, but small-pox had been common in those parts. ' George Johnson, Bill Davis, got the mumps.' ' The mumps, Sally, the mumps, them's what killed George, and they're so catchin' — whispered one of the women — and continued the sergeant, ' Bill Thatcher, George PIGEON-HOLE GENEEALS. Y7 Clifton the chicken-pox.' ' O Lord, the chicken-pox,' said another woman, ' it killed my two cousins before they were in the army a week.' — ' Pat them four,' said the sergeant, 'in the middle room down stairs. Save the kitchen for cookin', and up stairs put Jim Williams, Spooky Johnson, Tom Hardy, Dick Cra- mer, and the little cook boy; all got the measles.' ' The measles !' screamed out half-a-dozen together. ' Good-Lord, we'll be killed in a week.' ' They say,' said another black eye, ' that that crack Mississippi Brigade took the measles at Harper's Ferry, and died like flies. They had to gather them from the bushes, and all over. Brother Tom told me. He said our boys were worked nearly to death digging graves.' " ' That was a good thing,' observed the sergeant. c You beast !' said the little old woman advancing towards him, and shaking her fist in his face. " ' And what will become of us women ?' screamed she. " ' A pretty question for an old lady ; we calculate that you ladies will wait on the sick,' drily remarked the sergeant. " At this the women, thinking their case hopeless, with downcast looks quietly filed into the house. " The boys by this time had about done loading the teams. All the while I had watched the manners of the women closely and the house, and I came to the conclusion that it would pay to make a visit inside. " A guard was placed on the outside, and telling the"sergeant and two men to follow, I entered. It was all quiet below, but we found when we had reached the top of the steps, and stood in the middle of the big room up stairs, the women in great confusion, some in a corner of the room, and a few sitting on the beds. Among the latter, sitting as we boys used to say on 18 RED-TAPE AND her hunkers, with hands clasped about her knees, was the old woman. Besides the beds the only furniture in the room was a large, roughly made, double-doored wardrobe that stood in one corner. " We hadn't time to look around before the old wo- man screeched out — " ' You won't disturb my private fixin's, will you ?' 11 ! I rather think not,' slowly said the sergeant, giving her at the same time a comical look. "Notwithstanding repeated and tearful assurances that there was nothing there, that the men had taken off all the arms, hadn't left lead enough to mend a hole in the bottom of the coffee-pot, etc., etc., we be- gan to search the beds, commencing at one corner. There were two beds between us and the old woman's, and although we shook ticks and bolsters, and made otherwise close examination, we discovered nothing beyond the population usually found in such localities in Western Virginia. " The old woman was fidgety. Her face, that at two reflections would have changed muscatel into crab apple vinegar, was more than usually wrinkled. ' O Lord, nothing here,' groaned she, as she sat with her back to the head-board. She did not budge an inch as we commenced at her bed. " The sergeant had gone to the head-board, I to the foot. I saw a twinkle in his eye as he turned over the rough comfort, his hand reached down — he drew it up gradually, and the old woman slid as gradually from the lock to the muzzle of a long Kentucky rifle. 1 O Lord,' groaned she, as she keeled over on her right side at the foot of the bed. " A glow of admiration overspread the Sergeant's face as he looked at that rifle. /* Well, I swow, old woman, is this what you call a PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 79 private fixin' ? ' said the Sergeant. 'A queer bed-fel- low you've got ; and just look, Captain, ' said he, trying the ramrod, ' loaded, eapped, and halt* cocked.' u The heavy manner in which the old lady fell over satisfied me that we hadn't all the armory, and I di- rected her to leave the bed and stand on the floor. " ' Can't, can I, Ann ?' addressing one of the women. " No, marm can't, she is helpless.' " ' Got the rheumatics, had 'em a year and better,' groaned the old woman. M ' Hadn't 'em when you shook your fist under my nose in the yard,' said the Sergeant. ' Get off the bed ; ' catching the old woman by the arm, he helped her off. . She straightened up with difficulty, holding her clothes at the hips with both hands. ' Hold up your hands,' said the Sergeant. He was about to assist her, when not relishing that, she lifted them up ; as she did so, there was a heavy rattling sound on the floor. The old woman jumped about a foot from the floor clear out of a well filled pillow cushion, dancing and yelling like an Indian. Some hardware must have struck her toe and made her forget her rheumatism. " That bag had two Colt's navy size, two pistols Eng- lish make, with all the trappings for both kinds, and two dozen boxes of best make English water proof caps* " ' Old woman,' said the Sergeant with a chuckle, 1 your private fixin's as you call 'em, are worth hunting for.' " But the old woman had reached the side of a bed, and was too much engaged in holding her toe, to notice the remark. " The other beds were searched, but with no success. [ had noticed while the old woman was hopping about a short fat woman getting behind some taller 80 EED-TAPE AND ones in the corner and arranging her clothing. The old woman's contrivance made me think the corner worth looking at. " The women sulkily and slowly gave way, and another pillow-case was found on the floor, from which a brace of pistols, one pair of long cowhide riding boots, three heavy-bladed bowie knives, and some smaller matters, were obtained. " The wardrobe was the only remaining thing, and on it as a centre the women had doubled their columns. " ' Oh, Captain, don't,' said several at once beseech- ingly, ' we're all single women, and that has our frocks and fixin's in it,' as I touched the wardrobe. " ' As far as I've seed there is not much difference between married women's fixin's and single ones,' coolly said the Sergeant. " ' There is not one of us married, Captain.' " ' Sorry for that,' said the Sergeant, leisurely eye- ing tile women. 'If you'd take advice from a Yankee, some of you had better hurry up.' ^ " The women were indignant, but smothered it, having ascertained that a passionate policy would not avail. " By this time one of the men had succeeded with his bayonet in forcing a door. The Sergeant had laid his hand on the door, when a pretty face, lit up with those same devilish black eyes, was looking into his half winningly, and a pair of small hands were clasping his arm. The Sergeant's head gradually fell as it to hear what she had to say, when magnetism, a desire to try experiments, or call it what you will, as 'love,' although said to 'rule the camp,' has little really to do with the monotony of actual camp scenes, or the horrors of the field itself, — at any rate the Ser- geant's head dropped suddenly, — a loud smack, fol- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 81 lowed instantly by the dull sound of a blow, — and the Sergeant gently rubbed an already blackening eye, while the woman was engaged in drawing her sleeve across her mouth. Like enough some tobacco juice went with the sleeve, for the corners of the Sergeant's mouth were regular sluices for that article. " The Sergeant's eye did not prevent him from open- ing the door, however. 11 ' Well, I declare, brother Jim's forgot his clothes and sword,' said one of the women, manifesting much surprise. a c Do you call that brother Jim's clothes?' said the Sergeant, grasping a petticoat, above which appeared the guard of a cavalry sabre, and holding both up to view. ' I tell you it's no use goin' on,' said th Ser- geant, somewhat more earnestly, his eye may be smarting a little, ' we're bound to go through it if it takes the hair off.' The women squatted about on the beds, down-hearted enough. " And through it we went, getting five more sabres and belts, and two Sharp's rifles complete in that side, and a cavalry saddle, holsters with army pistols, bridles, and a rifled musket, in the other side ; all bran new. There was nothing in the lower story or cellar. " When I showed Rosy our plunder — and it hadn't to be taken to his tent either — when he heard of it, he came out as anxious and pleased as any of the boys, — he was a General interested in our luck more than his own pay, — he clapped me on the shoul- der right before my men, and all the officers and men looking on, and said : ' Captain, you're a regular trump. Three cheers, boys, for the Captain and com- pany.' And as he started them himself, the boys did give 'em, too. ' Captain, you'll not be forgotten — be 4* 82 RED-TAPE AND easy on that point.' And I was easy, until a fit of sickness that I got put my fortune for the time out of Rosy's hands. The men never forgot that trip. The Sergeant often said though, it was the only trip he wasn't altogether pleased with, because, I sup- pose, his black eye was a standing joke." Just then, a sentinel's hail and the reply, " Grand Rounds," "Field Officer of the day," hurried the Cap- tain off, and the crowd to their posts. <>ck. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 83 CHAPTER VIII. The Reconnoissance — Shepherdstown — Punch and Patriotism — Private Tom on West Point and Southern Sympathy — Hie Little Irish Corporal on John Mitchel — A Skirmish — Hurried Dismounting of the Dutch Doctor and Chaplain — Battle of Falling Waters not intended — Story of the Little Irish Cor- poral—Patterson's Folly, or Treason. AN old German writer has said that " six months are sufficient to accustom an individual to any change in life." As he might fairly be supposed to have penned this for German readers and with the fixed habits and feelings of a German, if true at all, it ought to hold good the world over. As we are more particularly interested in camps at present, we venture the assertion that six weeks will make a sol- dier weary of any camp. With our Sharpsburg camp, however, perhaps this feeling was assisted by the consciousness so frequently manifested in the con- versation of the men that the army should be on the move. Hundreds of relatives and friends had taken ad- vantage of the proximity of the camp to a railroad station to pay us a visit, and with them of course came eatables — not in the army rations — and delica- cies of all kinds prepared by thoughtful heads and willing hands at home. Not unfrequently the mar- 84 RED-TAPE AND quees of the officers were occupied by their families, who, in their enjoyment of the novelties of camp life, the drills, and dress parades of the regiment, trea- sured up for home consumption, brilliant recollec- tions of the sunny side of war. All this, to say no- thing of the scenery, the shade of the wood, that from the peculiar position of the camp, so gratefully from early noon extended itself, until at the hour for dress parade the regiment could come to the usual "parade rest " entirely in the shade. But the roads were good, the weather favorable, the troops effec- tive, and the inactivity was a " ghost that would not down" in the sight of men daily making sacrifices for the speedy suppression of the Eebellion. The matter was constantly recurring for discussion in the shelter tent as well as in the marquees, in all its va- rious forms. A great nation playing at war when its capital was threatened, and its existence endangered. A struggle in which inert power was upon one side, and all the earnestness of deadly hatred and blind fanaticism upon the other. An enemy vulnerable in many ways, and no matter how many loyal lives were lost, money expended by the protraction of the war, but to be assailed in one. But why multiply ? Ten thousand reasons might be assigned why a military leader, without an aggressive policy of warfare, un- willing to employ fully the resources committed to him, should not succeed in the suppression of a Ee- bellion. The nation suffered much in the treason that used its high position to cloak the early rebel movement to arms, and delayed our own preparations ; but more in the incapacity or half-heartedness that made miserable use of the rich materials so sponta- neously furnished. In the improvement of the Regiment the delay at PIGEON-HOLE GENEKALS. 85 the Sharpsburg camp was not lost. The limited ground was well used, and Company and Battalion drills steadily persevered in, brought the Kegiment to a proficiency rarely noticed in regiments much longer in the field. " Three days' cooked rations, sixty rounds of am- munition, and under arms at four in the morning. How do you like the smack of that, Tom ? " 11 It smacks of war," says Tom, " and it's high time." The first speaker had doffed the gown of the student in his senior year, greatly against the wishes of parents and friends, to don the livery of Uncle Sam. One would scarcely have recognised in the rough sun- burned countenance, surmounted by a closely fitting cap, once blue but now almost red, and not from the blood of any battle-field — in the course slovenly worn blue blouse pantaloons, unevenly suspended, and wide unblacked army shoes, the well dressed, grace- ful, accomplished student that commended himself to almost universal admiration among the young ladies of his acquaintance. The second speaker, thinking that a more opportune war had never occurred to de- mand the silence of the law amid resounding arms, had left his desk in an attorney's office, shelved his Black- stone, and with a courage that never flinched in the field of strife or in toilsome marches where it can per- haps be subjected to a severer test, had thoroughly shown that the resolution with which he committed himself to the war was one upon whijch no backward step would be taken. They were old friends, and fast messmates. Their little dog-tent, as the shelter tents were called, had heard from each many an earnest wish that their letters might smell of pow- der. The feeling then with which George uttered this 86 KED-TAPE AND piece of news, and the joy of Tom as he heard it, can be appreciated. " What authority have you, George ?" " Old Pigeon-hole's. I heard him, while on duty about his Headquarters to-day, tell a Colonel, that the move had been ordered ; that the War Department had been getting uncommonly anxious, and that it interfered with certain examinations he was making into very important papers." M I'll warrant it. 1 would like to see any move in a forward direction that would not interfere with some arrangement of his. His moves are on paper, and a paper General is just about as valuable to the coun- try as a paper blockade." " Is the movement general ?" " I think it is." " Of course then it interferes. George, did you ever hear any patriotism about those Headquarters ? You have been a great deal about them." "No, but I have seen a good deal of punch in tha,t neighborhood." " I'll warrant it — more punch than patriotism. A great state of affairs this. There are too many of these half-hearted Headquarters in the army. They ought to be cleaned out, and I believe that before this campaign is through it will be done. If it is not done, the country is lost." " Country lost ! why of course ; that is almost ad- mitted about that establishment. They say we may be able to pen them up, and as they don't say any more they must think that is about all. I heard a young officer — a Regular — who seems to be intimate up there say : that there was no use of talking — that men that fought the way the Southerners — he didn't use the word Rebels — did, could not be conquered, PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 87 — that they were too much for our men, &c., &c. I could have kicked the shoulder-strapped coward or traitor, may be both, but if I had, old Pigeon-hole would have had a military execution for the benefit of the Volunteers in short order. And then he strutted, talking treason and squirting tobacco juice — and all the while our Government supporting the scoundrel. West Point was on his outside, but his conversation and vacant look told me plainly enough that outside of a Government position the squirt had not brains enough to gain a day's subsistence. But he's one of Pigey's I my Regulars,' and to us Volunteers he can put himself on his dignity with a ' Procul, Procul, este ProfanV " " George, don't stir me up on that subject any more. I get half mad when I think that Uncle Sam's worst enemies are those of his own household. We had better anticipate the Captain's order about this in our preparations, and not be up half the night." " Even so, Tom." George was correct ; as to a move at least, for early dawn saw the Division and a detachment from another Division, en route to the river. There was the usual quiet in the camps along which they passed, showing that George was mistaken as to the move being gene- ral. The troops marching through a winding and wooded defile, passed the deservedly well known Brigade of General Meagher. " Here's Ould Ireland Boys," said the little Irish Corporal, pointing, as his face glowed with pride, to the flag adorned with " The Harp of Ould Ireland, and the Shamrock so green," the emblems of the Emerald Isle. u Their General is an Irishman thrue to the sod," H none of your rinegade spalpeens like John Mitchel — fighting for slave-holders in Ameriky, and against the 88 EED-TAPE AND Lords and Dukes in Odd Ireland, and the slave- holders as Father Mahan tould me the worst of the two, more aristocratic, big-feeling, and tyrannical than the English nobility. He said, too, that the blackguard could never visit the ould sod again unless he landed in the night-time, and hid himself by day in a bog up to his eyes, and even then the Father said he believed the blissed mimory of St. Patrick, ' Who drove the Frogs into the Bogs, And banished all the Varmint,' -would clean him out after the rist of the varmin." " Three cheers for the Irish Brigade " greeted the Corporal's remarks. The troops crossed with difficulty and delay at the only ford — and wondered with reason at the activity of the Rebels in having transported across not only their army and baggage, but hundreds if not thou- sands of their dead and wounded. The road winding around the high rocks on the Virginia side, must have been in more peaceful times a favorite drive for the gentry of the neighborhood. Shepherdstown itself adorns a most commanding position. On the occasion of this Union visit its inhabitants appeared intensely Secesh. Not so in the early history of the rebellion ; when Patterson's column " dragged its slow length along" through the valley of the Shenandoah. Scout- ing parties then saw Union flags from many a window. True, they streamed from dwellings owned by the merchants, mechanics, and laborers, the real muscle of the country ; but this was true of most of the towns of the Border States, and more early energetic action in affording these classes protection would have secured us the aid of their strong hands. As it was, these resources were in great measure frittered away PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 89 — gradually drawn by what appeared an irresistible influence into the vort;ex of the Rebellion — or scatter- ed wanderingly through the Loyal States, and worn down and exhausted Point, they play the very devil in their commands. Our corps commander, who was a teacher there, has brought a full share of the last kind into the corps. " I wander about a good deal among other camps of this corps, pick up information and make myself ac- quainted without standing on ceremony. I never wait for that. I always had a habit of doing it, and I honestly believe, from what I see and hear, there has been a studied effort, from some high commander, to teach these young regular officers treason, — yes, boys, treason, — because when a man tells me that we can't conquer the Kebels, and that after a while we'll have to make peace, etc., I set him down for a trai- tor ; he is aiding and abetting the enemies of his coun- try. If that ain't treason I'd like to know what is." " The Captain headed off a lot of young regu- lars the other evening a little the prettiest," said the Sergeant. " Let's have it !" said a dozen in the crowd ; now considerably increased, " The Captain," continued the Sergeant, " had asked me to take a walk with him after dress-parade, and we strolled along the Sharpsburg road towards Corps Headquarters. As we got just beyond the house and barn where the Rebel wounded are a we came upon a crowd of officers^ commissioned and non-commis- sioned, and some privates. A quite young officer, with a milk-and-water face and a moustache like mil- dew on a damp Hardee, was talking very excitedly about the 4-dministration not appreciating (xeneral McClellan ^ that there wasn't intellect enough there to appreciate a really great military genius ; that I3uro-- pean officers praised him as our greatest ,Qeneral ; and that even the Eebel officers sakj. that they feareql him more than any of our Commanders ; and yet all the PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 109 a "while the Abolition Administration tied his hands and fettered his movements, and all because Little Mac wasn't crazy enough to say that the Kebels could be subjugated and their armies exterminated, as some fanatical Eegulars and nearly all the Volunteer offi- cers pretend to say. ' Now, I believe,' said the offi- cer, thrusting his thumbs between his armpits and his vest, and puffing out his breast pompously, 'I believe, 5 as Little Mac says, " we can drive them to the wall ;" we can lessen the limits of their country ; but, gentle- men, after all, there will have to be a peace.' "I thought," said the Sergeant, "the Captain was going to break in upon him here. He threw back his cap till the rim was on top of his head, rammed his hands into his pockets, and edged his way a little fur- ther into the crowd, towards the speaker; but he didn't, and the speaker went on to say : " ' There are the people, too, crazy about a forward movement. Why don't they come down and shoul- der muskets themselves?' " The Captain could hold in no longer. He drew his hands out of his pockets, straightened them along his side, like a game rooster stretching his wings just before a fight, and sidling up to the officer, looking at him out of the corner of his eye, he burst out — " 'Why don't they shoulder muskets themselves? I'll tell you why, — because we are here to do it for them. They have sent us, they pay us, and they've a right to talk, and I hope they will talk. Anything like a decent forward movement of this Corps would have saved the disgrace of the second Bull Run battle. We all know how the Corps lagged along the road- side, and the Rebel cannon all the while thundering in the ears of its Commander.' " 'A Volunteer officer, I suppose,' said the young 110 EED-TAPE AND officer, somewhat sneeringly. " Where have you ever seen service ?" " ' Yes, sir, a Yolunteer officer,' said the Captain straightening up, facing full the officer, and eyeing him until his face grew paler. ' Where have I seen service ? In Mexico, as private in the 4th Regular Artillery, while you were eating pap with a spoon, you puppy ! You had better have stayed at that busi- ness ; it was an honest one, at any rate, and Uncle Sam would have been saved some pay that you draw, while, like a dishonest sneak, you preach treason." '"How dare you insult a Regular officer?' said a gold-striped, dandified fellow, as he twisted the ends of his moustache into rat- tails. 11 'Who the d — 1 are you?' said the Captain, turning on him so suddenly that the officer commenced to back ; ' with your gold lace on your shoulders that may mean anything or nothing. What are you any- how ? Captain ? Lieutenant ? Clerk ? or Orderly ? Those straps are a good come off, boys.' The crowd laughed. ' I suppose he thinks he's a staff officer." " 'I am, and a Lieutenant in the Regular army,' said the officer angrily, and giving the word ' Regular ' the full benefit of his voice. 11 ' Regular and be d — d,' retorted the Captain. ( I want you both to understand that I am a Captain in the Yolunteer service of the United States ; that that service is by Act of Congress on a footing with the Regular service, and that I'll always talk in this style when I hear treason. I am the superior officer of you both, and have a right to talk to you. I've been in service since the Rebellion broke out, and by the mother of Moses, I never heard treason preached by officers in Uncle Sam's uniform till I got into this Corps. It makes my blood boil, and I won't stand it. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. Ill Pretty doctrine you are trying to teach these soldiers ; but I know by their faces they understand the matter better than you, and you can't do them any damage.' 4 That's so,' sang out several of the crowd. ' You fel- lows all talk alike. I have heard dozens of you talk in the same way, and I believe your ideas are stocked from a higher source. There is something wrong in the head of this Grand Army of the Potomac. The way it's managed, grand only in reviews.' " ' We shall report you, sir,' said the Rat-tailed Moustache, ' for speaking disrespectfully of your su- perior officers.' " ' Report as quick as you please. About that time you'll find another report at the War Department, against two Regular Lieutenants, for speaking dis- couraging and disloyal sentiments.' '"A Volunteer officer, would stand a big chance at the Department making a complaint against Regulars,' said the officer, as they both backed out of the crowd, followed by a couple of non-commissioned officers and privates. " ' You d — d butterflies," roared the Captain after them. Til bet ten dollars to one that you only stayed in service when the war broke out, because you thought you could trust greenbacks better than Confederate scrip.' " ' You shall hear from us,' replied Rat-tail, as they "walked on. " ' Am ready to hear from both at once now, you cowardly sneaks,' sang out the Captain. ■ Don't believe you ever smelt powder, or ever will, if you can help it.' " ' Boys,' said the Captain, who had the sympathies of the crowd that remained strongly with him. ' These shallow-brained fellows and some older ones that 112 EED-TAPB AND i wear stars, that havn't head enough to cut loose from the Red-tape prejudice against us Volunteers, are a curse to the Army of the Potomac. Is it any wonder that this Grand Army, burdened with squirts of that stripe, is a burlesque and a disgrace to the country for its inefficiency. In the West, where Eegular officers, unprejudiced, go hand in hand with Volunteers, we make progress. But what's the use of talking, the body won't move right if the heart's rotten.' " ' True as preachin',' said one of the men, and the sentiment seemed approved by the crowd, as we gra- dually took up the homeward step." " Has the Sergeant told ' the whole truth,' and nothing but the truth ?" inquired a Lieutenant, a lawyer at home, of the Captain. "Yes, sir," replied the Captain firmly, "and I'll stick by the whole of it, and a good deal more." a Well, I've been slow about believing many state- ments that I have heard," continued the Lieutenant ; " but to-day I heard some facts from a Colonel in the Second Brigade that fairty staggered me. His Regi- ment, through some Red-tape informality, has been without tents. In consequence, considerable sickness, principally fever, has prevailed. Some time ago he made a request to Division Head-quarters, for permis- sion to clean out and use the white house that stands near his Regiment, and that, until lately, was full of wounded rebels, as a hospital. Corps Head-quarters must be heard from. After considerable delay, the men in the meanwhile sickening and dying, the request was denied. The sickness, through the rains, increased,, and the application was renewed with like success. The owner, who was a Rebel sympathizer, was op- posed, and other like excuses, that in the urgency of the case should not have been considered at all, were # PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 113 given. The sickness became alarming in extent. The Regiment was entirely without shelter, save that made from the few pine boughs to be had in the neighborhood. The Colonel took some boards that the rebels had spared from the fence surrounding the house, and with them endeavored to increase the com- fort of the men. In the course of a day or two, a bill was sent to him from Head-quarters, with every board charged at its highest value, with the request to pay, and with notice that in failure of immediate payment the amount would be charged upon his pay-roll. This treatment disgusted the Colonel, who is a gentleman of high tone and the kindliest feelings, and angered by the heartlessness that denied him proper shelter for his sick, now increased to a number frightfully large, with a heavy share of mortality, he cut red-tape, sent over a detail to the house, had it cleansed of Rebel filth, and filled it with the sick. The poor fellows were hardly comfortable in their new quarters, before an order came from Division Head-quarters for their immediate removal. 11 ' I have no place to take them to ; they are sick, and must be under shelter,' was the Colonel's reply. " ' The Commanding General of the Division orders their instant removal,' was the order that followed. " ' The Commanding General of Division must take the responsibility of their removal on his own head,' was the spirited reply of the Colonel. " That evening towards sunset, the second edition of Old Pigeon, 'Squab,' as the boys called him, rode up with the air of ' one having authority,' and in a conceited manner informed the Colonel that the General commanding the Division had directed him to place him under arrest. Now these things I know to be facts. I took pains to inform myself." 114 BED-TAPE AND The Lieutenant's story elicited many ejaculations of contempt for the heartlessness of some in high- places ; but they were cut short by the Captain's stat- ing that he knew the circumstances to be true, and that Old Pigeon stated the Colonel should wait for his hospital tents, the requisition for which had been sent up months before. It was shelved in some pigeon-hole, and the Colonel was to stand by and see his men sicken and die, while a rebel farmer's house near by would have saved many of them. " But we're in for it, boys. No use of talking. Obedience is lesson No. 1 of the soldier, and you know that we must not 'mutter or murmur' against our Commanding General, which position Old Pigey so often reminds us he holds. The old fellow half suspects that if he didn't, we'd forget it from day to day ; for Lord knows there is nothing about the man but his position to make any one remember it. Now I am determined to have some sleep," u Sleep ! such a night as this ?" said one of the crowd. " Of course ; we'll need it to-morrow, and an old sol- dier ought to be able to sleep anywhere, in any kind of weather." The Captain left. There was a partial dispersing of the crowd, but many a poor fellow shivered in that pelting rain the night long. The morning found the enemy at a respectful dis- tance, and the homeward route was quietly resumed. Late in the afternoon the advance entered Shepherds- town. At this time the rear was shelled vigorously, and as the troops continued their passage through the town cavalry charges were made upon both sides. That only ford was again crossed, and the evening was well advanced ere the troops regained their camps. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 115 A day later, and the Dailies, through their respect- ive reporters, told an astonished public how the bril- liant and daring reconnoissance had discovered qual- ities of great generalship in a man who but a short time before had figured as a quiet literary man in the seclusion of an office. "And, be jabers," said our little Irish Corpora^, on hearing it read, " Uncle Sam would have gained by paying him to stay in that office." 116 BED-TAPE AKD CHAPTER X. Departure from Sharpsburg Camp — The Old Woman of Sandy Hook — Harper's Ferry — South sewing Dragons Teeth by shedding Old John's Blood—The Dutch Doctor and the Boar — Beauties of Tobacco — Camp Life on the Character — Patrick, Brother to the Little Corporal — General Patterson no Irishman — Guarding a Potatoe Patch in Dixie — Tlie Preacher Lieute- nant on Emancipation — Inspection and the Exhorting Colonel — The Scotch Tailor on Military Matters. OCTOBER was drawing to a close rapidly, when, at last, after repeated false alarms, the actual movement of the army commenced. No one, unless himself an old campaigner, can appreciate the feelings of the soldier at the breaking up of camp. Anxious for a change of scenery as he may be, the eye will linger upon each familiar spot, the quarters, the parade ground, and rocky bluff and wooded knoll, until memory's impress bears the lasting distinctness of a lifetime. Those leaving could "not banish from their minds, even if disposed, the thought that, al- though but a temporary sojourn for them, it had proved to be the last resting-place of many of their comrades. The hospital, more dreaded than the field, had contributed its share to the mounds that dotted the hills from the strife of Antietam. 11 There is not an atom of this earth But once was living man — " PIGEOX-nOLE GENERALS. 117 was a day dream, doubtless, of the poetic boy of eighteen ; but how suggestive it becomes, when we consider how many thousands and hundreds of thousands of mounds rising upon every hill in the border States, attest devotion to the cause of the Union, or treason, in this foulest of Rebellions. The route lay, after passing the village of Sharps- burg, through a narrow valley, lying cosily between the spurs of two ridges that appeared to terminate at the Ferry. On either hand the evidences of the occupa- tion of the country by a large army were abundant. Fences torn down, ground trampled, and fields desti- tute of herbage. The road bordering the canal, along which is built the straggling village of Sandy Hook, was crowded with the long wagon trains of the dif- ferent Corps. A soldier could as readily distinguish the Staff from the Regimental wagons, as the Staff them- selves from Regimental officers. The slick, well fed appearance of the horses or mules of Staff teams, usually six in number, owing to abundance of forage and half loaded wagons, were in striking contrast with the four half fed, hide-bound beasts usually attached to the overloaded Regimental wagons. Order after order for the reduction of baggage, that would reduce field officers to a small valise apiece, while many line officers would be compelled to march without a change of clothing, did not appear to lessen the length of Staff trains. That the transportation was unneces- sarily extensive, cannot be doubted. That the heav- iest reduction could have been made with Head- quarter trains, is equally true. " Grey coats one day and blue coats the next," said an old woman clad in homespun grey, who came out of a low frame house as the troops slowly made their way past the teams through the village of Sandy Hook. 118 EED-TAPE AND "Right on this rock is where General Jackson rested hisself," continued the old woman. " Were there many Rebs about?" inquired one of the men. " Right smart of them, I reckon ;" replied the old woman; "but Lord! what a lookin' set of critters. Elbows and knees out ; many of them hadn't shoes, and half of them that had had their toes out. You boys are dandies to them. And tired too, and hungry. Gracious ! the poor fellows, when their officers weren't about, would beg for anything almost to eat. Why, my daughter Sal saw them at the soap-fat barrel I They said they were nearly marched and starved to death. And their officers didn't look much belter. Lord ! it looks like a pic-nic party to see you blue coats, with your long strings of wagons, and all } gemmen ! bress you ! Served my Master forty -five years and hab nuffin to show for it. Our little patch Hannar Amander got, but I tries to sarve de Lor at de same time, and dere is a better 'count kept ob dat in a place where old Master dead and gone now pas' twenty years, will nebber hab a chance ob getting at de books." 168 EED-TAPE AND The old man had greatly won upon his hearers, when the bugle called them to their posts. Our corps from this place took the road to White Plains, near which little village they encamped in a wood for two nights and a day, while a snow-storm whitened the fields. * * * * * "Let the hawk stoop, the bird has flown," said a boyish-faced officer who was known in the Regiment as the Poetical Lieutenant, to the Adjutant; as he pushed aside the canvas door of the Office Tent on one of those wintry evenings. The caller had left the studies of the Sophomoric year, — or rather his Scott, Byron, Burns, and the popular novelists of the day, — for the recruiting service in his native coun- ty. The day-dreams of the boy as to the gilded glory of the soldier had been roughly broken in upon by severe practical lessons, in tedious out-post duty and wearisome marches. He could remember, as could many others, how he had admired the noble and commanding air with which Washington stands in the bow of the well loaded boat as represented on the historic canvas, and the stern determination de- picted upon the countenances of the rest of his Ro- man-nosed comrades — (why is it that our historic artists make all our Revolutionary Fathers Roman- nosed? If their pictures are faithful, where in the world do our swarms of pugs and aquilines come from worn by those claiming Revolutionary descent? Is it beyond their skill to make a pug or an aquiline an index to nobility of soul or heroic resolve?) — as they keep the frozen masses borne by that angry tide at safe distance from the frail bark — but he then felt nothing of the ice grating the sides of the vessel in PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 169 which he hoped to make the voyage of life, nor shud- dered at the wintry midnight blast that swept down the valley of the Delaware. His dreams had de- parted, but poetical quotations remained for use at every opportunity. " What's the matter now?" says the Adju- tant. " One of the Aids just told me," rejoined the Lieu- tenant, "that the Rebels were in force in our front, and would contest the Rappahannock, while the pos- session of the Grap we have just left lets them in upon our rear*" "The old game played out again," says the Adju- tant. "Another string loose in the bag. Strategy in one respect resembles mesmerism — the object operated upon must remain perfectly quiet. Are we never to suppose that the Rebels have plans, and that their vigilance increases, and will increase, in proportion to the extremity of their case ? Our theorists and rou- tine men move armies as a student practises at chess, as if the whole field was under their control, and both armies at their disposal. "With our immense resour- ces, vigorous fighting and practical common sense would speedily suppress the Rebellion. Where are our old fighting stock of Generals? our Hookers, Heintzelmans, Hancocks, and men of like kidney ? Why must their fiery energies succumb to a cold- blooded strategy, that wastes the materiel of war, and what is worse, fills our hospitals to no purpose? Those men have learned how to command from ac- tual contact with men. The art of being practical, adapting one's self to emergencies, is not taught in schools. With some it is doubtless innate ; with the great mass, it is a matter of education, such as is acquired from moving among men." 8 170 RED-TAPE AND "We have the Pyrrhic dance as yet; Where is our Pyrrhic phalanx gone f Of two such lessons why forget The nobler and the manlier one?" broke in our Poetical Lieutenant. " D n your Pyrrhics," retorted the Adjutant, snappishly. " For the Pyrrhics of past days we have Empirics now. Our phalanxes of old have been led to victory by militia Colonels, who sprang from the thinking head of the people, glowing with the sacred fire of their cause. Do you not believe," continued he enthusiastically, '• that the loyal masses who sprang into ranks at the insult upon Sumter would have found a leader long ere this worthy of their cause, whose rapid and decisive blows would have saved us disgraceful campaigns, had the nation been unencum- bered by this ruin of a Regular Army, that has given us little else than a tremendous array of officers, many of them of the Pigeon-hole and Paper order, — beggarly lists of Privates, — Routine that must be carried out at any cost of success, — and Red Tape that everywhere represses patriotism ? And then to think, too, of the half-heartedness and disaffection. How long must these sneaking Catilines in high places abuse our pa- tience? But what can be expected from officers who are not in the service from patriotic motives, but rather from prospects of pay and position ? End the war, and you will have men who are now unworthy Major and Brigadier Generals, subsiding into Cap- tains and Lieutenants. Their movements indicate that they realize their position fully ; but when will the country realize that ' strategy ' is played out? " " The whiskey at Division HeacUquarters is played out, any way," said a Sergeant on duty in the Com- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 171 missary Department, who had entered the tent while the Adjutant was speaking. " 'And not a drop to drink,' n rejoined the Lieutenant. " Then, by Heaven, we are lost," continued the Adjutant. " Strategy played out and our General of Division out of whiskey. Yes, sir! those mishaps end all further movement of this Grand Army of the Potomac. But when did you hear that ? " " I was in the marquee of the Brigade Commissary when a Sergeant and a couple of privates on duty about Pigey's Head-quarters came in with a demi- john and a note to the Commissary, presenting the compliments of the General commanding Division, and at the same time the cash for four gallons of whiskey. The Captain read it carefully and told the Sergeant to tell the General that he didn't keep a dram- shop. I expected that this reply would make sport, and I concluded to wait awhile and see the thing out. In a few minutes the Sergeant returned, stating that he had not given that reply to the General, through fear, I suppose, but had stated that the Captain had made some excuse. He said further that Pigey said he was entirely out, and must have some." " 4 Tell him what I told you,' said the Captain, de- terminedly. Off the Sergeant started. I waited for his return outside, and asked him how Pigey took the answer. 'Took it? ' said he, 'I didn't tell him about the dram-shop, but when he found I had none, he raved like mad — swore he was entirely out — had been since morning, and must and would have some. He d d the Captain for being a temperance fanatic, and for bringing his fanatical notions into the army ; and all the while he paced up and down his marquee 172 RED-TAPE AND like a tiger at a menagerie. At last lie told me that I must return again and tell the Captain that it was a case of absolute necessity, and that he knew that there was a barrel of it among the Commissary stores, and that he must have his four gallons.' " I followed the Sergeant in, but he could not make it. The Captain had just turned it over to the Hos- pital. " So the Sergeant went back again with the empty demijohn. He told me afterwards that the General was so taken aback by his not getting any, that he sat quietly down on his camp stool, ran his fingers through his hair, pulled at his moustache, and then I knew,' said the Sergeant, ' that a storm was brewing, and that the General was studying how to do justice to the subject. At length he rose slowly, kicked his hat that had fallen at his feet to one corner of the marquee, d git at the same time ; d d me for not getting it any how, and clenching his fists and walking rapidly up and down, d d the Captain, his Brigadier, and everything belonging to the Bri- gade, until I thought it a little too hard for a man who had had a Sunday School education in his young days to listen to, and I left him still cursing.' " He will court-martial the Captain," said the Colo- nel, who had entered the tent, " for signal contempt of the Regular Service. I recollect a charge of that kind preferred by a Regular Lieutenant against an Adju- tant of the Maine, down in the Peninsula. In one of our marches the Adjutant had occasion to ride rapidly by the Regiment to which the Lieutenant be- longed. The Lieutenant hailed him — told him to stop. The Adjutant knowing his duty, and that he had no authority to halt him, continued his pace, but found himself for nearly a month afterward in arrest PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 173 under a charge of ' Signal contempt for the Regular Service.' " Sigel's hardy Teutons lined the road in the vicinity of New Baltimore, through which village the route lay on the following day. Part of his corps had some days previously occupied the mountain gaps in the Bull Run range on the left. Other troops, led by a Commander whose strategy was singularly efficacious to keep him out of rights, were passing to the front, leaving a fighting General of undoubted prowess in European and American history, in the rear. Ineffi- cient himself, and perhaps designedly so, his policy could not, with safety to his own reputation, allow of efficiency elsewhere. That night our . Regiment encamped in one of the old pine fields common in Virginia. The softness of the decaying foliage of the pine which covered the ground as a cushion was admirably adapted to repose, and upon it the men rested, while the gentle evening breeze sighed among the boughs above them, as if in sympathy with disappointed hopes and sacrifices made in vain. " Stragglers and marauders, sir," said a Sergeant of the Provost Guard, saluting the Colonel, who was one of the circle lying cozily about the fire, pointing as he spoke to a squad of way-worn, wo-begone men under guard in his rear. " Here is a list of their offences. I was ordered to report them for punish- ment." "A new wrinkle, that," said the Colonel, as the Sergeant left. "Our Brigadier must be acting upon his own responsibility. Our General of Division would certainly never have permitted such an oppor- tunity slip for employing the time of officers in Courts- martial. That list would have kept one of our 174 RED-TAPE AND Division Courts in session at least three weeks, and have given the General himself an infinite amount of satisfaction in examining his French authorities, and in strictures upon the Records. What have we here, any how? " No. 1. "Straggling to a persimmon tree on the road-side." " That man," said a Lieutenant, " when he saw our Brigadier coming up, presented him with a couple of persimmons very politely. But it was no go ; the General ordered him under guard and eat the persim- mons as part of the punishment." "Well," rejoined the Colonel, "we'll let you off with guard duty for the night." No. 2. " Killing a shoat while the Regiment halted at noon." The man charged was a fine looking young fellow whose only preparation for the musket, when he en- listed, was previous practice with the }^ard stick in a dry goods establishment. Intelligent and good-na- tured, he was popular in the command, and was never known to let his larder suffer. " Was it a Rebel pig?" inquired a bystander. " A most rebellious pig," replied he, bowing to the Colonel. " He gave us a great amount of trouble, and rebelled to the last." A laugh followed, inter- rupted by the Colonel, who desired to hear the cir- cumstances of the case. " Right after we had halted on the other side of New Baltimore," continued the man, " I saw the pig rooting about a corn shock, and as my haversack was empty, and myself hungry, I thought I could dispose of part of him to advantage, and before I had time to reflect about the order, I commenced running after him. Several others followed, and some officers PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 175 near by stood looking at us. After skinning my hands and knees in trying to catch him by throwing myself upon him, I finally caught him. When I had him skinned, I gave a piece to all the officers who saw me, saving only a ham for myself, and I was dressing it when up came a Lieutenant of the Provost Guard and demanded it. I debated the matter as well as a keen appetite would allow, and finally coming to the conclusion that I could not serve my country as I should, if half starved, I resolved to keep it, and re- fused him, and he reported me, and here I am with it at your service," clapping his hand on a well filled haversack. One-half of the meat was confiscated, but the no- velty of the sergeant's patriotic plea saved him fur- ther penalty. No. 3. Caught in a negro shanty, in company with an old wench. The crowd laughed ; while the subject, a tall cada- verous-looking fellow, protested earnestly that he was only waiting while the wench baked him a hoe-cake. il Guard duty for the night," said the Colonel. " Poor devil ! He will have to keep awake, and can't sing — L Sleeping I dream, love, dream, love, of thee ' " — said the poetical Lieutenant, who chanced to be one of the group. No. 4. Caught by the General Commanding Divi- sion, twenty feet high on a persimmon tree, and Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 on the ground below ; also " Lying " " Another persimmon crowd. Every night we are troubled with the persimmon business," said the Colo- nel ; " but what does the ' also Lying ' mean ?" " Why," said a frank fellow of the crowd, " }^ou see when the old General came up, I said it was a 176 EED-TAPK AND picket station, and that the man up the tree was look- ing out for the enemy. It was a big thing, I thought, but the General didn't see it, and he swore he would persimmon us." " Which meant," said the Colonel, "that you would lose your persimmons, and go on extra police duty for forty-eight hours each." The crowd were lectured upon straggling, that too frequent offence of Volunteers, and after a severe reprimand dismissed. The country abounded in persimmon trees, and their golden fruit was a sore temptation to teeth sharpened on army crackers. As the season advanced, and persimmons became more palatable, crowds would thus be brought up nightly for punishment. This summary procedure was an innovation by the Briga- dier upon the Red-Tape formulary of Courts-martial, so rigidly adhered to, and fondly indulged in, by the General of Division. The Brigadier would frequently himself dispose of delinquencies of the kind, telling the boys in a manner that made them feel that he cared for their welfare, that they had been entrusted to him by the country for its service, and that he con- sidered himself under obligations to their relatives and friends to see that while under his command their characters received no detriment, and while becoming good soldiers they would not grow to be bad citizens. He made them realize, that although soldiers they were still citizens ; and many a man has left him all the better for a reprimand which reminded him of duties to relatives and society at large. How much nobility of soul might be spared to the country with care of this kind, on the part of commanders. Punish- ment is necessary — but how many to whom it is in- trusted forget that in giving it a moral effect upon PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 177 society, care should be taken that it may operate bene- ficially upon the individual. The General who crushes the soul out of his command by exacting infamous punishments for trivial offences, is but a short remove from the commander who would basely surrender it to the enemy on the barest pretext. Punishment has too often been connected with preju- dice against Volunteers in the Army of the Potomac, controlled as it has been too much by martinets. That a nation of freemen could have endured so long the contumely of a proud military leader when his incapacity was so apparent, will be a matter of won- der for the historian. The inconsistency that would follow the great Napoleon in modelling an army and neglect his example in giving it mobility, with emi- nent propriety leaves the record of its exploits to depend upon the pen of a scion of the unmilitary House of Orleans. But the decree " thus far shalt thou come," forced upon an honest but blindly indulgent President by the People, who will not forget that power is derived from them, had already gone forth, although not yet officially announced to the Army; and it was during the week at Warrenton, our halting-place on the morrow, that the army, with the citizens at home, rejoiced that the work of staying the proud waves of imbecility, as well as insult, to our Administration, had commenced. The history of reforms is one of the sacrifice of blood, money, and time. Frightful bills of mortality, shattered finances, nineteen months of valuable time, do not in this case admit of an excep- tion. 8* 178 KED-TAPE AND CHAPTER XIII. Camp near Warrenton — Stability of the Republic — Measures, not Men, regarded by the Public — Removal of McClellan — Di- vision Head- Quarters a House of Mourning — A Pigeon-Hole General and his West Point Patent- Leather Cartridge-Box — Head- Quarter Murmurings and Mutterings — Departure of Little Mac and the Prince — Cheering by Word of Command — The Southern Saratoga — Rebel Regret at McClellan s Depar- ture. WRITERS prone to treat of the instability of Re- publics, will find serious matter to combat in the array of events that culminated at Warrenton. Without the blood that has usually characterized similar events in the history of Monarchies, in fact with scarcely a ripple upon the surface of our national affairs, a great military chieftain, or to speak truly, a commander who had endeavored, and who had the grandest of opportunities to become such, passed from his proud position as the leader of the chief army of the Republic, to the obscurity of private life. Prof- fered to a public, pliant, because anxious that its representatives in the field should have a worthy Com- mander, by an Administration eager to repair the dis- aster of Bull Run, — puffed into favor by almost the entire press of the country, the day had been when the loyalty of the citizen was measured by his admi- ration of General McClellan. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 179 Never did a military leader assume command so auspiciously. The resources of a mighty nation were lavishly contributed to the materiel of his army. Its best blood stood in his ranks. Indulged to an almost criminal extent by an Administration that in accor- dance with the wishes of the masses it represented, bowed at his beck and was overly solicitous to do his bidding, no wonder that this ordinary mind became unduly inflated. He could model his army upon the precedents set by the great Napoleon ; he could sur- round himself by an immense Staff — the talent of which, however, but poorly represented the vigor of his army, — for nepotism and favoritism interfered to prevent that, as they will with common men ; drill and discipline could make his army efficient, — for his subordinates were thorough and competent, and his men were apt pupils ; but he himself could not add to all these the crowning glories of the field. Eve^ thing was there but genius, that God-given gift; and that he did not prove to be a Napoleon resulted alone from a lack of brains. Now that the glare of the rocket has passed from our sky, and its stick has fallen quietly enough among the pines of New Jersey, citizens have opportunity for calm reflection. We are not justified, perhaps, in attributing to McClellan all the evils and errors that disfigure his tenure of office. Intellect equal to the po- sition he could not create for himself, and ninety-nine out of one hundred men of average ability would not have descended from his balloon-like elevation with any better grace. It is in the last degree unjust to brand with disloyalty, conduct that seems to be a re- sult natural enough to incompetency. That upon certain occasions he may have been used for disloyal purposes by designing men, may be the consequenee 160 RED-TAPE AND of lack of discrimination rather than of patriot- ism. Whatever might have induced his conduct of the war, the nation has learned a lesson for all time. Generals who had grown grey in honorable service were rudely set aside for a Commander whose principal merit consisted in his having published moderately well compiled military books. Their acquiescence redounds to their credit ; but their continued and com- paratively calm submission in after times, when that General, regardless of soldierly merit, placed in high and honorable positions relatives and intimate friends, who could be but mere place-men, dependent entirely "upon him for their honors, and committed to his inter- ests, is strong proof of devoted patriotism. Slight hold had these neophytes upon the stern matter-of- fact fighting Generals, or the equally devoted and patriotic masses in ranks. In their vain glory they murmured and muttered during and subsequent to this week at Warrenton, as they had threatened pre- viously, in regard to the removal of McClellan. They knew not the Power that backed the Bayonet. In the eye of the unreserved and determined loyalty of the masses, success was the test of popularity with any Commander. Not the shadow of an excuse existed for any other issue. Our resources of the materiel of war were well nigh infinite. Men could be had almost without number, at least equal to the Rebels in courage. There was, then, no excuse for inaction, and none knew it better than our reflecting rank and file. The effort to inspire popularity for McClellan had been untiring by his devotees in position in the army. In the outset it was successful. Like their friends at home, the men in ranks, during the dark days that PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 181 succeeded Bull Run, eagerly caught at a name that received such honorable mention. That this flush of popularity did not increase until it became a steady flame like that which burned within the breasts of the veterans of the old French Empire, is because its subject lacked the commanding ability, decision of character, and fiery energy, that made statesmen do reverence, turned the tide of battle to advantage, and swept with resistless force over the plains of Italy and the mountains of Tyrol. It was with mingled feelings of pleasure and un- certainty, caused by the change, that the Regiment broke to the front in column of company, and en- camped on a beautifully wooded ridge about two miles north of Warrenton. Pleasure upon account of the change — as any change must be for the better, — uncertainty, as to its character and extent. In their doubtful future, Generals shifted position, and suc- ceeded each other, very much, as dark specks appear and pass before unsteady vision. Who would be the successor ? Would the change be radical ? were ques- tions that were discussed in all possible bearings around cheerful camp-fires. Whatever the satisfaction among subordinate offi- cers and the ranks, Division Head-quarters was a house of mourning. To the General removed solely it owed its existence. Connected with his choice Corps, it had basked in the sunshine of his favor. With the removal already ordered, "the dread of something worse " — a removal nearer home was ap- prehended. As a Field Commander, the officer upon whose shoulders rested the responsibilities of the Di- vision, was entirely unknown previously to his as- suming command. His life hitherto had been of such a nature as not to add to his capacity as a Com- 182 RED-TAPE AND mander. Years of quiet clerkly duty in the Topo- graphical Department may, and doubtless did in his case, make an excellent engineer or draughtsman, but they afford few men opportunities for improvement in generalship. During the McClellan regime this source furnished a heavy proportion of our superior officers. Why, would be difficult to say on any other hypothesis than that of favoritism. Their educational influences tend to a defensive policy, which history proves Generals of ability to have indulged in only upon the severest necessity. To inability to rise above these strictures of the school, may be traced the policy which has portrayed upon the historic page, to our lasting disgrace as a nation, the humiliating spec- tacle of a mighty and brave people, with resources almost unlimited, compelled for nearly two years to defend their Capital against armies greatly inferior to their own in men and means. Independently of these educational defects, as they must be called, there was nothing in either the cha- racter or person of the Division Commander to com- mand respect or inspire fear. Eccentric to a most whimsical degree, his oddities were the jest of the Di- vision, while they were not in the least relieved by his extreme nervousness and fidgety habits of body. That there was. nothing to inspire fear is, however, subject to exception, as his whims kept subordinates in a continual fever. The art of being practical — adapting himself to circumstances — he had never learned. It belongs to the department of Common Sense, in which, unfortunately, there has never been a professor at West Point. His after life does not seem to have been favorable to its acquirement. Withal, the hauteur characteristic to Cadets clung to him, and on many occasions rendered him unfortunate PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 183 in his intercourse with volunteer officers. Politeness with him, assumed the airs and grimaces of a French dancing-master, which personage he was not unfre- quently and not inaptly said to resemble. Displeasure he would manifest by the oddest of gestures and vol* leys of the latest oaths, uttered in a nervous, half stut- tering manner. Socially, his extensive educational acquirements made him a pleasant companion, and with a friend it was said he would drink as deep and long as any man in the Army of the Potomac. Once crossed, however, his malignity would be manifested by the most intolerable and petty persecution. u He has no judgment," said a Field-Officer of a Regiment of his command ; a remark which, by the way, was a good summary of his character. " Why ?" replied the officer to whom he was speaking. 11 1 was out on picket duty," rejoined the other, " yesterday. We had an unnecessarily heavy Ee- serve, and one half of the men in it were allowed to rest without their belts and boxes. The General in the afternoon paid us a visit, and seeing this found fault, that the men were not kept equipped ; observ- ing at the same time that they could rest equally well with their cartridge boxes on ; that when he was a Cadet at West Point he had ascertained by actual practice that it could be done." " Do you recollect, General," I remarked, " whether you had forty rounds of ball cartridge in your box then?" " He said he did not know that that made any dif- ference." " Now considering that the fact of the boxes being filled makes all the difference, I say," continued the officer, "that the man who makes a remark such as the General made, is devoid of judgment." 184 RED-TAPE AND But he was connected both by ties of friendship and consanguinity with the hitherto Commander of the Army of the Potomac. His Adjutant-General was related to the same personage. The position of the latter, for which he was totally unfitted by his habits, was perhaps a condition precedent to the ap- pointment of the General of Division. The fifth of November, a day destined to become celebrated hereafter in American as in English history, dawned not less inauspiciously upon the Head-quar- ters of the Corps. They too could not appreciate the dry humor of the order that commanded Little Mac to report at Trenton. They thought alone of the un- welcome reality — that it was but an American way of sending him to Coventry. The Commander of the Corps had been a great favorite at the Head -quarters of the army — perhaps because in this old West Point instructor the haughty dignity and prejudice against volunteers which characterized too many Regular officers, had its fullest personification. His Corps embraced the largest number of Regular officers. In some Regiments they were ridiculously, and for Uncle Sam expensively, plentiful, — some Companies having two or three Captains, two or three First or Second Lieutenants, — while perhaps the enlisted men in the Regiment did not number two hundred. But these supernumeraries were Fitz John's favorites, and whether they performed any other labor than sporting shoulder straps, regularly visiting the Paymasters, adjusting paper collars and cultivating moustaches, was a matter of seemingly small consequence, though during depressed national finances. The little patriotism that animated many of the officers attached to both of these Head quarters, did not restrain curses deep if not loud. Pa} 7 and posi- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 185 tion kept them in the army at the outbreak of the Rebellion ; and pay and position alone prevented their taking the same train from Warrenton that carried away their favorite Commander. A telegram of the Associated Press stated a few days later that a list of eighty had been prepared for dismissal. What evil genius averted this benefit to the country, the War Department best knows. It required no vision of the night, nor gift of soothsaying, to foretell the trouble that would result from allowing officers in important positions to remain in the army, who were under the strongest obligations to the General removed, devo- tedly attached to him, and completely identified with, and subservient to, his interests. It might at least be supposed that his policy would be persevered in, and that his interests would not suffer. So far the reform was not radical. " Colonel," said one of these martinets who occu- pied a prominent position upon the Staff of Prince Fitz John, as with a look of mingled contempt and astonishment he pointed to a Lieutenant who stood a few rods distant engaged in conversation with two privates of his command, " do you allow commissioned officers to converse with privates? " 11 Why not, sir ? Those three men were intimate acquaintances at home. In fact, the Lieutenant was a clerk in a dry-goods establishment in which one of the privates was a junior partner." " All wrong, sir," replied the martinet. " They should approach a commissioned officer through a Sergeant. The Inspecting Officer will report you for laxity of discipline in case it continues, and place you under arrest." The Brigadier, when he heard of this conversation, intimated that should the Inspecting Officer attempt 186 RED-TAPE AND it, he would leave the Brigade limits under guard ; and it was not attempted. Nonsense such as this is not only contemptible but criminal, when contrasted with the kind fellowship of Washington for his men, — his solicitude for their sufferings at Valley Forge, — Putnam sharing his scanty meals with privates of his command, — Napoleon learning the wants of his veterans from their own lips, and tapping a Grenadier familiarly upon the shoulder to ask the favor of a pinch from his snuff- box. Those worthies may rest assured that marquees pitched at Regulation distance, and access through non-commissioned officers, will not, if natural dignity be wanting, create respect. How greatly would the efficiency of the army have been increased, had the true gentility that characterized the noble soul of Colo- nel Simmons, who fell at Gaines' Mills, and that will always command reverence, been more general among his brother officers of the Regular Army. These evil results should not, however, lead to a wholesome condemnation of West Point. The ad- vantages of the Institution have been abused, or rather neglected, by the great masses of the Loyal States. In our moral matter-of-fact business commu- nities it has been too generally the case, that cadets have been the appointees of political favoritism, regardless of merit ; and that the wild and often worth- less son of influential and wealthy parents, who had grown beyond home restraint, and who gave little indication of a life of honor or usefulness, would be turned into the public inclosure at West-Point to square his morals and his toes at the same time at public expense, and the act rejoiced at as a good family riddance. Thus in the Loyal States,' the pro- fession of arms had fallen greatly into disrepute pre- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 187 viously to the outbreak of the Rebellion, and instead of being known as a respectable vocation, was consi- dered as none at all. Had military training to some extent been connected with the common school edu- cation of the land, we would have gained in health, and would have been provided with an able array of officers for our noble army of Volunteers. Among other preparations for their infamous revolt, the Rebels did not fail to give this especial prominence. The Northern States have been great in peace; the material is being rapidly educated that will make them correspondingly great in war. " November's surly blasts" were baring the forests of foliage, when the order for the last Review by McClellan was read to the Troops. Mutinies and rumors of mutinies " from the most reliable sources " had been suspended above the Administration, like the threatening sword of Damocles ; but Abraham's foot was down at last, and beyond murmurings and mutterings at disaffected Head-Quarters no unsol- dierly conduct marked the reception of the order. So far from the " heavens being hung with black," as a few man -worshippers in their mad devotion would have wished, nature smiled beautifully fair. Such a sight could only be realized in Republican America. A military Commander of the greatest army upon the Continent, elevated in the vain-glor}' of dependent subordinates into a quasi-Dictatorship, was suddenly lowered from his high position, and his late Troop? march to this last Review with the quiet formality of a dress parade. What cared those stern, self-sacrific- ing men in ranks, from whose bayonets that brilliant sun glistened in diamond splendor, for the magic of a name — the majesty of a Staff, gorgeous, although not clothed in the uniform desired by its late Chief. The 188 BED-TAPE AND measure of payment for toil and sacrifice with them, was progress in the prosecution of their holy cause. The thunders of the artillery that welcomed him with the honor due to his rank, reminded them to how little purpose, through short-comings upon his part, those same pieces had thundered upon the Peninsula and at Antietam. Massed in close columns by division along the main road leading to Warrenton, the troops awaited the last of the grand pageants that had made the Army of tke Potomac famous for reviews. Its late Commander, as he gracefully sat his bay, had not the nonchalance of manner that he manifested while reading a note and accompanying our earnest Presi- dent in a former review at Sharpsburg ; nor was the quiet dignity that he usually exhibited when at the head of his Staff, apparent. His manner seemed nervous, his look doubly anxious ; troubled in the present, and solicitous as to the future. Conscious, too, doubtless, as he faced a nation's Representatives in arms, how he had " kept the word of promise to the ear," and how " he had broken it to the hope ;" how while his reviews had revealed a mighty army of undoubted ability and eagerness for the fight, his indecision or proneness to delay had made its cam- paigns the laughing-stock of the world. His brilliant Staff clattered at his heels ; but glittering surroundings were powerless to avert the memories of a winter's inactivity at Manassas, the delay at Yorktown, the blunders on the Chickahominy, or the disgrace of the day after Antietam. How closely such memories thronged upon this thinking soldiery, and how little men who leave families and business for the field, from the necessity of the case, care for men if their measures are unsuccessful, may be imagined, when PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 189 the fact is known that this same Little Mac, once so great a favorite through efforts of the Press and offi- cers with whom he had peopled the places in his gift, received his last cheers from some Divisions of that same Army by word of command. " A long farewell to all his greatness." Imbecile in politics as in war, he cannot retrieve it by cringing to party purposes. The desire that actuates our masses and demands able and earnest leaders has long since dissolved party lines. This leave-taking was followed a few daj^s later by that of the Corps Commander. Troubled looks, sha- dows that preceded his dark future, were plainly visi- ble as the Prince passed up and down the lines of his late command. Another day passed, and with light hearts the men brightened their muskets for a Review by their new Commander, Major-General Burnside, or "Burney," as they popularly called the Hero of Carolina celebrity. But the day did not seem to be at hand that should have completed the reform by sweeping and garnish- ing disaffected, not to say disloyal Head-Quarters — removing from command men who were merely mar- tinets, and who were in addition committed body and soul to the interests of their late Commander, and who, had they been in receipt of compensation from Rich- mond, could not have more completely labored by their halfhearted, inefficient, and tyrannizing course, to crush the spirit of our soldiery. " What's the matter with Old Pigey ?" inquired a Sergeant, detailed on guard duty at Division Head- Quarters, as he saluted his Captain, on one of these evenings at Warrenton. "Why?" rejoined the Captain. 190 RED-TAPE AND " The General," continued the Sergeant, " was walk- ing up and down in front of his marquee almost all of last night, talking to himself, muttering, and at almost every other step stamping and swearing. He had a bully old mad on, I tell you, Captain. He went it in something of this style." And the sergeant himself strode up and down, mut- tering and stamping and swearing, to the great amuse- ment of the Captain and some bystanders. The unwillingness to bow to the dictation of the President as Commander-in-Chief in his most right- eous removal of their favorite, caused much heart- burning, and gave rise to much disloyal conduct. That it was tolerated at all was owing to the unappre- ciated indulgence or hesitation of the Administration, lest it should undertake too much. The operation, to have been skilful and complete, required nerve. That article so necessary for this crisis is in the ranks, and let us trust that for the future it will be found in greater abundance at Washington. The Southern Saratoga, as "Warren ton has been styled among the fashionables of the South, has much to commend it in situation and scenery, as a place of residence. The town itself is an odd jumble of old and new buildings, and is badly laid out, or rather not laid out at all, as the streets make all possible angles with each other* Yankee enterprise appears to have had something to do with the erection of the later buildings. Like other towns of that neighbor- hood its cemetery is heavily peopled with Rebel dead. At the time of our occupancy many of its larger build- ings were still occupied as hospitals* On the day of McClellan's departure the streets were crowded with officers and men, and the sympa- thies of the Rebel residents seemed strangely in unison PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 191 with those of the chieftain's favorites. The representa- tives of the clannish attachments which made McClel- lanism a species of Masonry in the army, were there in force. In these banded interests brotherly love took the place of patriotism. Little wonder ! look- ing at the record of the McClellan campaigns, that the Rebels present fraternized with these devotees in their grief* " You have thrown away your ablest commander," said an elderly man, of intelligent and gentlemanly appearance, clad in the uniform of a surgeon of the Rebel army, who stood conversing with one of our own surgeons, on the sidewalk of the main street of the place, while the crowd gathered to witness the departure of the General. "Do you really think so?" rejoined the Union Surgeon, as he earnestly eyed the speaker. s< Yes, sir," said the Rebel, emphatically. "It is not only my opinion but the opinion of our Gene- rals of ability, that in parting with McClellan you lose the only General you have who has shown any strategic ability." " " If that be your opinion, sir," was the decided reply, " the sooner we are rid of him the better." And to this reply the country says, Amen ! " But what a shame it is that military genius is so little appreciated by the Administration, and that he is removed just at this time ! Why, I heard our Colonel say that he had heard the General say, that in a few days more, he would have won a decisive victory," remarked a young officer, in a jaunty blue jacket, to a companion, gesticulating as he spoke, with a cigar between the first and second fingers of his right hand. An older officer, who overheard the remark, ob- 192 RED-TAPE AND served, drily : — " He was not removed for what he would do, but for what he had done." " And for what he had not done," truthfully added another. Never had General, burdened with so many sins of omission and commission, as the conversation indi- cated, been so leniently dealt with, now that the Kebels in their favorite, and with him successful game of hide and seek, had again given him the slip, and were only in his front to annoy. As they had it com- pletely in their power to prevent a general engage- ment at that point, his remark as to what would have been done was a very rotten twig, caught at in the vain hope of breaking his fall. 5^ck. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 193 CHAPTER XIV. J. Skulker and the Dutch Doctor — A Review of the Corps by Old Joe — A Change of Base; what it means to the Soldier, and what to the Public — Our Quarter- Master and General Hooker — Tlie Movement by the Left Flank — A Division General and Dog-driving — The Desolation of Virginia — A Rebel Land- Owner and the Quarter- Master — " No LToss, Sir/" — The Poetical Lieutenant unappreciated — Mutton or Dog? — Desk Drudgery and Senseless Routine. 4 4 TT'S about time, Bill, for you to have another JL sick on," said a lively lad, somewhat jocosely, as he rubbed away at his musket-barrel, on one of our last mornings at the Camp, near Warrenton. " Fight- ing old Joe has the Corps now, and he will review us to-day, the Captain says, and after that look out for a move." " Don't say," drawled out the man addressed ; a big, lubberly fellow, famous in the Eegiment for shirking duty — who, when picket details were ex- pected, or a march in prospect, would set a good example of punctuality in promptly reporting at Sur- geon's call, or as the Camp phrase had it, " stepping up for his quinine." " Well," continued he, " Lord knows what I'll do. I've had the rheumatics awful bad," clapping at the same time one hand on his hip, and the other on his right shoulder, " the last day or two, and then the chronical diarrhcear." 194 EED-TAPE AND " You had better go in on rheumatism, Bill," broke in the first speaker. " The Doctor will let you off best on that." " That's played out, isn't it, Bill," chimed in another ; and to Bill's disgust, as he continued, " It don't go with the little Dutch Doctor since Sharpsburg. Every time his Company's turn would come for picket, while we were at that Camp, Bill • would be a front-rank man at the Hospital, with a face as long as a rail, and twisted as if he had just had all his back teeth pulled. The little Dutch-" man would yell out whenever he would see him — 'What for you come? Eh? You tarn shneak. [Rheumatism, eh ? In hip ?' And the Doctor would punch his shoulder and hip, and pinch his arms and legs until Bill would squirm like an eel under a gig. 1 Here, Shteward,' said the Doctor the last time, as he scribbled a few words on a small piece of paper, . ' Take this ; make application under left ear, and see if dis tarn rheumatism come not out.' Bill followed the Steward, and in a few minutes came back to quarters ornamented with a fly-blister as big as a dollar under his left ear. Next morning Bill didn't report, but he's been going it since on diarrhoea." " He wasn't smart, there," observed another. u He ought to have done as little Burky of our mess did. He'd hurry to quarters, take the blister off, clap it on again next morning when he'd report, and he'd have the little Dutchman swearing at the blister for not being ' wors a tarn.' " Bill took the sallies of the crowd with the quiet remark that their turn for the sick list would come some day. The Review on that day was a grand affair. The fine-looking- manly form of Old Joe, as, in spite of a PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 195 bandaged left ancle not yet recovered from the wound at Antietam, and that kept the foot out of the stirrup, he rode down the line at a gait that tested the horse- manship of his followers, was the admiration of the men. In his honest and independent looking counte- nance thej read, or thought they could, character too purely republican to allow of invidious distinctions between men, who, in their country's hour of need, had left civil pursuits at heavy sacrifices, and those who served simply because the service was to them the business of life. With hearts that kept lively beat with the regimental music as thej marched past their new Commander, they rejoiced at- this mark of attention to the necessities of the country, which re- moved an Officer, notorious as a leader of reserves, and placed them under the care of a man high on the list of fighting Generals. " Waterloo," says the his- toric or rather philosophic novelist of France, " was a change of front of the universe." The results of that contest are matter of record, and justify the remark. At Warrenton a great Republic changed front, and henceforth the milk and water policy of conciliating " our Southern Brethren " ranked as they are behind bristling bayoftets, or of intimidating them by T a mere show of force, must give way to active campaigning and heavy blows. A rainy, misty morning a day or two after the review, saw the Corps pass through* Warrenton, en route for the Railroad Junction, commencing the change of direction by the left flank, ordered by the new Commander of the Army. The halt for the night was made in a low piece of woodland lying south of the railroad. In column of Regiments the Division encamped, and in a space of time incredible, to those not familiar with such scenes, knapsacks were 196 RED-TAPE AND unslung and the smoke of a thousand camp-fires slowly struggled upwards through the falling rain. Its pelting was not needed to lull the soldiers, weary from the wet march and slippery roads, to slumber. At earlvdawn they left the Junction and its busy scenes — its lengthy freight-trains, and almost acres of baggage-wagons, to the rear, and struck the route assigned the Grand Division, of which they were part, for Fredericksburg. " A change of base" our friends will read in the leaded headings of the dailies, and pass it by as if it were a transfer of an article of fur- niture from one side of the room to the other. Little know they how much individual suffering from heavy knapsacks and blistered feet, confusion of wagon- trains, wrangling and swearing of teamsters, and vexa- tion in almost infinite variety, are comprised in these few words. It is the army that moves, however, and the host of perplexities move with it, all unknown to the great public, and transient with the actors them- selves as bubbles made by falling rain upon the lake. The delays incident to a wagon-train are legion. Oc- curring among the foremost wagons, they increase so rapidly that notwithstanding proper precaution and slowness in front, a rear-guard will ofteri*be kept run- ning. The profanity produced by a single chuck hole in a narrow road appears to increase in arithmeti- cal proportion as the wagons successively approach, and teamsters in the rear find their ingenuity taxed to preserve their reputation for the vice with their fellows. Why negroes are not more generally employed as teamsters is a mystery. They are proverbially patient and enduring. Both the interests of humanity and horseflesh would be best subserved by such employ- ment, and the ranks would not be reduced by the con- stant and heavy details of able-bodied men for that PIGEON-HOLE GEXEJLAXS. 197 duty. Capital and careful horsemen are to be found among the contrabands of Virginia, and many a poor beast, bad in harness because badly treated, would re- joice at the change. Quarter-masters, Wagon-masters, Commissaries, et id genus omne, have their peculiar troubles. Our Regiment was particularly favored in a Quarter-mas- ter of accomplished business tact, whose personal su- pervision over the teams during a march was untiring, and whose tongue was equally tireless in rehearsing to camp crowds, after the march was over, the troubles of the day, and how gloriously he surmounted them. In his department he held no divided command. " Get out of my train with that ambulance. You can't cut me off in thatst3 r le," he roared in an authori- tative manner to. an ambulance driver, who had slipped in between two of his wagons on the second day of our march. "My ambulance was ordered here, sir! I have General " The driver's reply was here inter- rupted by the abrupt exclamation of the Quarter-mas- ter — " I don't care a, d n if you have Old Joe him- self inside. I command this train and you must get out." And get out the driver did, at the intimation of his passenger, who, to the surprise of the Quarter- master, notwithstanding his assertion, turned out to be no less a personage than General Hooker himself. "It is the law of the road," said the General, good- humoredly — candid to his own inconvenience — "and we must obey it." This ready obedience upon the part of the General was better in effect than any order couched in the strongest terms for the enforcement of discipline. The incident was long a frequent subject of conver- 198 EED-TAPE AND sation, and added greatly to his popularity as a com- mander. The men were fond of contrasting it with the conduct of the General of Division, who but a few days later cursed a poor teamster with all manner of profanely qualifying adjectives because he could not give to the General and his Staff the best part of a difficult road. But perhaps the men held their General of Division to too strict an accountability. He was still laboring under the spell of Warrenton. His nervous system had doubtless been deranged by the removal of his favorite Chief, or rather Dictator, as he had hoped he might be. "No one could command the army but McClellan," the General had said in his disgust — a disgust that would have driven him from the service, but that, fortunately for himself and unfortunately for his country, it was balanced by the pay and emolu- ments of a Brigadiership. Reluctant to allow Burn- side quietly, a Caesar's opportunity to "cover his bald- ness with laurels," his whimsical movements, now galloping furiously and purposeless from front to rear, and from rear to front of his command, cursing the officers, — and that for fancied neglect of duty, — poorly concealed the workings of his mind. In one of these rapid rides, his eye caught sight of a brace of young hounds following one of the Sergeants. " Where did those dogs come from? " " They have followed me from the last wood, sir." "Let them go, sir, this instant. Send them back, sir. D n you, sir, I'll teach }*ou to respect private property," replied the General, deploying his staff at the same time to assist in driving the dogs back, as notwithstanding the efforts of the Sergeant to send them to the rear, they crouched at a respectful distance PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 199 and eyed him wistfully. " D n you, sir, I am the General commanding the Division, sir, and by G — d, sir, I command you, as such, to send those dogs back, sir!" nervously stammered the General as he rode excitedly from one side of the road to the other in front of the Sergeant. The affair speedily became ridiculous. Driving dogs was evidently with the General a more congenial employment than manoeuvring men. But his efforts in the one proved as unsuccessful as in the other, as notwithstanding the aid afforded by his followers, the dogs would turn tail but for a short distance. After swearing most dogmatically, as an officer remarked, he turned to resume his ride to the head of the column, but had not gone ten yards before there was a whistle for the dogs. Squab was sent back to ferret out the offender. The whistling increased, and shortly the whole Staff and the Regimental officers were engaged in an attempt at its suppression. But in vain. Whis- tling in Company A, found echoes in Company B ; and after, some minutes of fruitless riding hither and thither the General was forced to retire under a storm of all kinds of dog-calls, swelled in volume by the adjacent Regiments. That authority should be thus abused by the Gene- ral in endeavoring to enforce his ridiculous order, and set at naught by the men in thus mocking at obedience, is to be deprecated. The men took that method of rebuking the inconsistency, which would permit Regular and many Volunteer Regiments to be followed by all manner of dogs, " Both mongrel, puppy, whelp and hound, And' cur of low degree," and yet refuse them the accidental company of but a brace of canines. A simple report of the offender, 200 EED-TAPE AND supposing the Sergeant to have been one, would have been the proper course, and would have saved a Gene- ral of Division the disgrace of being made a laughing- stock for his command. "Talent is something: but tact is everything," said an eminent man, and nowhere has the remark a more truthful application than in the army. A favorite employment after the evening halt, during this three days' march, was the gathering of mushrooms. The old fields frequent along the route abounded with them, and many a royal meal they furnished. To farmers' sons accustomed to the sight of close cultivation, these old fields, half covered with stunted pines, sassafras, varieties of spice wood, and the never- failing persimmon tree, were objects of cu- riosity. It was hard to realize that we were marching through a country once considered the Garden of America, whose bountiful supplies and large planta- tions had become classic through the pen of an Irving and other famous writers. Fields princely in size, but barren as Sahara ; buildings, once comfortable residences, but now tottering into ruin, are still there, but? "all else how changed." The country is desola- tion itself. Game abounds, but whatever required the industry of man for its continuance has disap- peared. Civilization, which in younger States has felled for- ests, erected school-houses, given the fertility of a gar- den to the barren coast of the northern Atlantic and the wild-wood of the West, could not coalesce with the curse of slavery, and Virginia has been passed by in her onward march. This field of pines that you see on our right, whose tops are so dense and even as to resemble at a distance growing grain, may have been an open spot over which Washington followed PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 201 his hounds in ante-revolutionary days. The land abounds in memories. The very names of the degene- rate families who eke out a scanty subsistence on some corner of what was once an extensive family seat, remind one of the old Colonial aristocracy. Reclamation of the soil, as well as deliverance of the enslaved, must result from this civil war. Both worth fighting for. So "Forward, men, ""Guide right," as in very truth we are in Divine Providence guided. The long-haired, furtive-looking fathers and sons, representatives of all this ancient nobility, after having given over their old homesteads to their female or helpless male slaves, and massed their daughters and wives apparently in every tenth house, were keeping parallel pace with us on the lower bank of the Rap- pahannock. It was the inevitable logic of the law of human progress, declaring America to be. in reality the land of the free, that compelled these misguided, miserable remnants of an aristocracy, to shiver in rags around November camp-fires. "They are joined to their idols" — but now that after years of legislative encroachment upon the rights of suffering humanity, they engage in a rebellious outbreak against a God- given Government, we will not let them alone in an idolatry that desolates the fair face of nature and causes such shameful degeneracy of the human race. Justice! slow, but still sure and retributive justice! How sublimely grand in her manifestations ! After years of patient endurance of the proud contumely of South Carolina, New England granite blocks up the harbor of Charleston — Massachusetts volunteers cook their coffee in the fireplaces of the aristocratic homesteads of Beaufort, and negroes rally to a roll- call at Bunker Hill, but as volunteers in a war which 202 KED-TAPE AND insures them liberty, and not as slaves, as was once vainly prophesied. * * * " Who commands you ? " inquired a long, lean, slightly stooped, sallow-faced man of about fifty, with eyes that rolled in all directions but towards the offi- cer he addressed, and long hair thrown back of his ears in such a way as to make up an appearance that would readily attract the attention of a police officer. " I command this Regiment, sir," replied the Colo- nel, who, at the end of the day's march, was busied in directing a detail where to pitch the Head-quarter tents. " Groin 1 to stay yer — right in this meadow? " con- tinued the man, in the half negro dialect common with the whites of the South. " That is what we purpose doing, sir. Are you the owner? " " Y-a-a-s," drawled out the man, palling his slouch felt still further over his eyes. " This meadow is the best part of my hull farm." " Great country, this," broke in the Quarter-master. " Why a kill-deer couldn't fly over it without car- rying a knapsack. You don't think that camping upon this meadow will injure it any, do you? " " Eight smart it will, I reckon," rejoined the man, his eyes kindling somewhat, "right smart, it will. $1500 at least." " What ! What did the land cost you ? " "Wall, I paid at the rate of $15 the acre for 118 acres, and the buildings and 12 acres on it are in this meadow, and the best bit of it, too." " Then you want to make us pay nearly what the whole farm cost you for using the meadow a single night?" " Wall, I reckon as how the rails will all be gone, and the sod all cut up, and " PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 203 " Well, I reckon," interrupted the Quarter-master, " that you ought to prove your loyalty before you talk about claiming damages from Uncle Sam." "Oh! I'm on nary side, on nary side;" and he looked half suspiciously about the crowd, now some- what increased. " I'm too old ; besides, my left knee is crippled up bad," limping as he said so, to sustain his assertion. " Where are your children ?" " My two boys and son-in-law are off with the South, but I'm not 'countable for them." " Well, sir, you'll have to prove your lo}*alty before you get a receipt from me for any amount." " Prove my loyalty ? " he muttered, at the same time looking blank. " What sort of swearin' have you for that ? " " Don't swear him at all, at all," broke in the little Irish Corporal. "Swearing is no substitute for swinging. Faith I lie's up to that business. It's mate and drink to him. Make him whistle Yankee Doodle or sing Hail Columbia. Be jabers, it is not in his looks to do it without choking." Terence's suggestion met with a general laugh of approval. The old fellow, finding himself in a crowd slow to appreciate his claim for damages when his loyalty was at a discount, made off towards his house, a dingy, two-story frame near by, reminded by the Colonel as he left that he would be expected to keep closely within doors while the troops were in that vicinity. This sovereign of the soil was a fair specimen of the landed gentry of Virginia. " On nary side," as he expressed it, when the Federal troops wei'e in his neigh- borhood, and yet malignant and dastardly enough to maltreat any sick or wounded Union soldier that 204 HED-TAPE AND chance might throw into his hands. The less reserved tongues of his daughters told plainly enough where the family stood on the great question of the day. But while they recounted to some of the junior offi- cers who were alwa} 7 s on the alert in making female acquaintances, their long lists of famous relatives, they had all the eagerness of the Yankee, so much despised in the Kichmond prints, in disposing of half- starved chickens and heavy hoe-cakes at extor- tionate prices. With their dickering propensities there was an amount of dirt on their persons and about the premises, and roughness in their man- ners, that did great discredit to the memory of Poca- hontas. " You have the old horse tied up close," casually remarked a spruce young Sergeant who, in obedience to orders from Division Head-quarters, had just sta- tioned a guard in the yard of the premises, alluding to an old, worn-out specimen of horseflesh tied up so closely to the house that his head and neck were almost a straight line. " Yon's no hoss, sir. It's a mare," quickly retorted one of those black-eyed beauties. The polite Sergeant, who. had dressed himself with more than usual care, in the expectation of meeting the ladies, colored somewhat, but the young lady, in a matter-of-course strain, went on to say, " She's the only one left us, too. Preston and Mon- cure took the rest with them, and they say they've nearly used 'em up chasing you Yanks." Her unlady-like demeanor and exulting allusion to the Kebel cavalry tested to the utmost the Sergeant's qualities as a gentleman. A dicker for a pair of chickens, accomplished by his substituting a little ground coffee for a great sum in green-backs, soon PIGE0X-H0LE GEXEKALS. 205 brought about a better understanding, however, on the part of the damsel. A few hours later saw the Adjutant and our poeti- cal Lieutenant snugly seated on split-bottomed chairs in a dirty kitchen. Random conversation, in which the women let slip no opportunity of reminding their visitors of the soldierly qualities of the Rebels, interrupted by the occasional bleating of sheep and bawling of calves in the cellar, made the evening's entertainment novel and interesting. So much so that at a late hour the Lieutenant, who had invested closely the younger of the two, said, half sighing, as he gave her a fond look, " "With thee conversing, I forget all time, All " "Wall, I reckon I don't," broke in the matter-of- fact young lady. " Sal, just kick yon door around." As Sal did her bidding, and the full moon on the face of an old fashioned corner clock was disclosed, she continued, " It's just ten minutes after eleven, and you Yanks had better be off." Although the Adjutant was " Like steel amid the din of arms ; Like wax when with the fair," this lack of appreciation of poetic sentiment so ab- ruptly shown, brought him out in a roar, and com- pletely disconcerted the Lieutenant. They both retired speedily, and long after, the circumstance was one of the standing jokes of the camp. One of the most prominent and eagerly wished-for occurrences in camp, is the arrival of the mail. The well filled bag, looking much like one of the bags of documents forwarded by Congressmen for private pur- poses at Uncle Sam's expense, was emptied out on the sod that evening in front of the Colonel's marquee, 206 RED-TAPE AND and bundles containing boots, tobacco, bread, clothing of all kinds, eatables, and what-not, — for at that time Uncle Sam's army mails did a heavy express busi- ness, — were eyed curiously, by the crowd impatient for distribution. Most singular of all in shape and feeling was a package, heavily postmarked, and addressed to the Colonel. It contained what was a God-send to the larder of the mess, — a quarter of fine tender meat. But what kind of animal, was the query. The Major, who was a Nimrod in his own locality, after the most thorough inspection, and the discovery of a short straight hair upon it, pronounced it venison, or young kid, and confirmed the Colonel in the belief that he had been remembered by one of his Western friends. But deer or dog was a matter of indifference to hun- gry campaigners. A hearty meal was made of it, and speculation continued until the Brigadier, who had perpetrated the joke upon the Colonel, saw fit, long after, to reveal that it was mutton that had been taken from some marauders during the day's march. During the first and second days of the march, can- nonading had been heard at intervals on the right flank. This day, however, the silence was ominous ; and now at its close, with our army in close proximity to Fredericksburg, it indicated peaceable, unopposed possession, or delay of our own forces. But of the delay and its cause, provoking as it was, and costly as it has proved, enough has probably been written. An Investigating Committee has given the public full records. If we do not learn that delinquents have been punished, let us hope that the warning has been sufficient to avoid like difficulties in the future. Our army quietly turned into camp among the wooded heights of Stafford, opposite the town of PIGEOX-HOLE GENERALS. 207 Fredericksburg. The Rebels as quietly collected their forces and encamped on the heights upon the opposite side of the river. Day by day we could see them busily at work upon their fortifications. Each morn- ing fresh mounds of earth appeared at different points in the semi-circular range of hills bounding Fredericksburg upon the South and West. This valuable time was made use of by the pontoon train at the rate of four miles per day. The three Grand Divisions, now that their stately march by the flank was over, had settled comfortably down among the hills of Stafford. Wood and water, essentials for camp comfort, were to be found in abun- dance. While the little parleying between the Com- mander of the Right Grand Division and the civil authorities of Fredericksburg continued, matters were somewhat in suspense. But a gradual quiet crept over the army, and in a few short weeks that heavily timbered country was one vast field of stumps, with here and there clusters of pine trees left standing for the comfort of different Head -quarters. As the tim- ber disappeared, the tents and huts of the army before concealed in the forests were disclosed, and the whole country in the vicinity of the railroad was a contin- uous camp. The few open fields or barrens afforded fine review and drill grounds, and the toils of the march were scarcely over before in all directions could be heard the steady tramp of solid columns engaged in the evolutions of the field. Those who think that duties are light in camp, know nothing of the legions of reports, statements in duplicate and triplicate, required by the too often senseless formalities of red tape. These duties vary greatly in different divisions. With a place-man, mechanical in his movements, and withal not disposed 208 RED-TAPE AND to lighten labor, they multiply to a surprising extent, and subs intrusted with their execution often find that the most laborious part of the service is drudgery at the desk. Night after night would repose at Regi- mental Head-quarters be interrupted by repetitious and in many cases inconsistent orders, the only pur- pose of which appeared to be, to remind drowsy Adjutants and swearing Sergeant-Majors that the Commanding General of Division still ruled at Divi- sion Head-quarters, and that he was most alive between the hours of nine and twelve at night. Inde- pendently of the fact that in most cases in ordinary camp-life there was no reason why these orders should not have issued in business hours, their multiplicity was a nuisance. The pen may be mightier than the sword, but in all conscience when the pen has been through necessity ignored, and the sword is uplifted for rapid and earnest blows, and the heart of a nation hangs in heavy suspense upon its movements, these travelling Bureaux had better be abolished. Su- peradded to all this, was the labor resulting from the mania for Court-Martialing that raged at Division Head-quarters. Mechanical in its movements, not un- frequently malignant in its designs, officer after officer, earnest in purpose, but in some instances per- haps deficient in detail, had been sacrificed to an ab- solutism that could order the charges, detail the Court, play the part of principal witness for the prosecution, and confirm the proceedings. " Our volunteer force will never amount to much, until we attain the exact discipline of the French ser- vice," was the frequent remark of a General of Divi- sion. Probably not. But how much would its efficiency be increased, had the policy of the great Napoleon, from whose genius the French arms derive PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. % 209 their lustre, prevailed, in detailing for desk duty in quiet departments the mechanical minds of paper Generals. His master tact in assigning to comman- ders legitimate spheres of work, and with it the un- tiring zeal of a Cromwell that would run like a purifying fire through the army, imparting to it its own impetuosity, and ridding it of jealousy and disaf- fection, were greatly needed in this Grand Army of the Potomac. Nobler men never stood in ranks! Holier banners never flaunted in the sunlight of Heaven ! God grant its directing minds correspond- ing energy and wisdom. 210 • RED-TAPE AND CHAPTER XV. Red Tape and the Soldier's Widow — Pigeon-holing at Head- Quarters and Weeping at the Family Fireside — A Pigeon-hole General Outwitted — Fishing for a Discharge — The Little Irish Corporal on Topographical Engineers — Guard Duty over a Whiskey Barrel. , Penna., Nov. — , 1862. My Dear George : — This is the first spare time that I have been able to get during the last week for a letter to my dear husband. And now that there is quiet in the house, and our- dear little boys are sound asleep, and the covers nicely tucked about them in their little trundle, I feel that I can scarcely write. There is such a heaviness upon my heart. When I saw the crowd at the telegraph office this morning while on my way to church, and heard that they were expecting news of a great battle on the Rappa- hannock, such a feeling of helplessness, sinking of the heart, and dizziness came over me, that I almost fell upon the pavement. The great battle that all expect so eagerly, may mean our dear little children fatherless and myself a widow. Oh, George, I feel so sad and lonely, and then every footstep I hear at the door I am afraid some one is coming with bad news. Your last letter, too, I do not like. I am afraid that more is the matter with you than you are PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 211 willing to admit. You promised me, too, that you would apply for a furlough. Lieut. H has been twice at home since he went out. You know he is in Sickles' Division. Our precious little boys keep asking continually when papa will come home. Little Georgie says he is a "du-du," you know that is what he calls a soldier, and he gets the old sword you had in the three months' service, and struts up and clown at a great rate. They can both say the Lord's prayer now, and every night when they get through with it, they ask God to bless papa and mamma, and all the Union u du-dus." I do wish that you could see them in their little "Gadi- baldis," as Harry calls them. When I see Mr. B and others take their evening walks with their chil- dren, just as you used to do with Georgie, it takes all the grace and all the patriotism I can muster to keep from murmuring. Mr. G says that we need not trouble about the rent this quarter, that he will wait until you are paid. The neighbors, too, are very kind to me, and I have been kept so busy with work from the shops, that I have made enough to pay all our little expenses. But for all, George, I cannot help wishing every minute of the day that " this cruel war was over" and you safe back. At a little sewing party that we had the other day, Em D sang that old song " AVhen wild war's deadly blast was blown," that you used to read to me so often, and when I heard of "sweet babes being fatherless," and " widows mourning," I burst into tears. I do not know why it is, but I feel as if expecting bad news continually. Our little boys say " don't cry, mamma," in such a way when I put them to bed at night, and tell them that I kiss them for you too, that it makes me feel all the worse. I 212 EED-TAPE AND know it is wrong. I know our Heavenly Father knows what is best for us. I hope by this time you have learned to put your trust in him. That is the best preparation for the battle-field. Do not fail to come home if you can. God bless you, George, and protect you, is the prayer of Your loving wife, Mary. On a low cot in the corner of a hospital tent, near Potomac Creek, propped up by some extra blankets kindly loaned him by his comrades, toward the close of a December afternoon, lay a slightly-built, rather handsome man of about thirty, holding with trem- bling hand the above letter, and hurriedly gathering its contents with an eager but unsteady eye. The Surgeon noticing the growing flush upon his already fevered cheek, suggested that he had better have the letter read to him. So intent was the reader, that the suggestion was twice repeated before heeded, and then only drew the remark " Mary and the boys." A sudden fit of c6ughing that appeared to tear the very life strings came upon him, and at its close he fell back exhausted upon his pillow. "What luck, Adjutant?" inquired the Surgeon in a low tone, as he went forward, cautiously treading among the sick, to admit that officer into the tent. The Adjutant with a shake of the head remarked that the application had gone up two weeks previ- ously from Brigade Head-quarters, and that nothing had been heard of it since. " As usual," he added, " pigeon-holed at Division Head-quarters." " Poor Wilson has been inquiring about it all day, and I very much fear that should it come now, it will be too late. He has failed rapidly to-day." PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 213 ■ " So bad as that ? I will send up to Division Head- quarters immediately." The Lieutenant, a week previously, had been brought into the hospital suffering from a heavy cold and fever in connexion with it. For some weeks he had been in delicate health ; so much so, in fact, that the Sur- geon had urged him to apply for a furlough, and had stated in his certificate to the same, that it was abso- lutely 'necessary for the preservation of his life. As the Surgeon stated, a furlough, that might then have been beneficial, promised now to be of little avail. The disease had assumed the form of conges- tion of the lungs, and the Lieutenant seemed rapidly sinking;. When the Adjutant left the hospital tent besought out a Captain, an intimate acquaintance of the Lieu- tenant's, and charged him with a special inquiry at Head-quarters, as to the success of the application for a furlough. Thither the Captain repaired, through the well trodden mud and slush of the camp ground. The party of young officers within the tent of the Adjutant-Greneral appeared to be in a high state of enjoj^ment, and that functionary himself retained just presence of mind sufficient to assure the Captain, after hearing his statement and urgent inquiry — "that there was no time now to look — that there were so d n many papers he could not keep the run of them. These things must take their regular course, Captain, — regu- lar course, you know. That's the difficulty with the volunteer officers,", continued he, turning half to the crowd, " to understand regular military channels, — channels." As he continued stammering and stutter- ing, the crowd inside suspended the pipe to ejaculate assent, while the Captain, understanding red-tape to his sorrow, and too much disgusted to make further 214 RED-TAPE AND effort to understand the Captain, retraced his steps. Finding the Adjutant he told him of his lack of suc- cess, and together they repaired to the hospital tent to break the unwelcome news. At the time of his entry into the Hospital the Lieutenant was impressed with the belief that the illness would be his last, and he daily grew more soli- citous as to the success of his application for a furlough. Another coughing fit had, during their absence, inter- vened, and as the two cautiously untied the flaps and entered the stifling atmosphere of the crowded tent, the Surgeon and a friend or two were bending anxiously about the cot. Their entry attracted the attention of the dying Lieutenant ; for that condition his faint hurried breathing, interrupted by occasional gasps, and the rolling, fast glazing eye, too plainly denoted. A look of anxious inquiry, — a faint shake of the head from the Captain — for strong-voiced as he was, his tongue refused the duty of informing the dying man of what had become daily, unwelcome news. " Oh, my God ! must I, — must I die without again seeing Mary and the babies ! " with clasped hands he gasped, half rising, and casting at the same time an imploring look at the Surgeon. But the effort was too much. His head fell back upon the blankets. A gurgling sound was heard in his throat. With bowed heads to catch the latest whisper, his friends raised him up; and muttering indistinctly amid his efforts to hold the rapidly failing breath, " Mary and the babies. The babies, — Ma " the Lieutenant left the Grand Army of the Potomac on an everlasting furlough. Mary was busily engaged with the duties of her little household a week later, enjoying, as best she might, the lively prattle of the boys, when there was PIGEONHOLE GENERALS. 215 the noise of a wagon at the door, and closely follow- ing it a knock. " Papa ! papa ! " exclaimed the chil- dren, as with eager haste they preceded the mother. With scarcely less eagerness, Mary opened the door. Merciful God ! " Temper the wind to the shorn lambs." Earthly consolation is of little avail at a time like this. It was " Papa ; " — but Mary was a widow, and the babies fatherless. By some unfortunate accident . the telegram had been delayed, and the sight of the black pine coffin was Mary's first intimation of her loss. Her worst anticipations thus roughly realized, she sank at the door, a worthy subject for the kind offices of her neighbors. A fortnight passed, and the Adjutant was disturbed in his slumbers, almost at the solemn hour of mid- night, to receive from an Orderly some papers from Division Head-Quarters. Among them, was the ap- plication of the Lieutenant, returned " approved." Measured by poor Mary's loss, how insignificant the sigh of the monied man over increased taxes 1 how beggarly the boast of patriotic investments ! how contemptibly cruel, in her by no means unusual case, the workings of Ked Tape ! * * * * * * * Occurrences such as these, may sad- den for the moment the soldier, but they produce no lasting depression. ^ " Don't you think I had oughter Be a going down to Washington o To fight for Abraham's Daughter? " sang our ex-newsboy Birdy, on one of those cold damp evenings in early December, when the smoke of the fires hung like a pall over the camp ground, and the eyes suffered terribly if their owner made any attempt at standing erect. 216 KED-TAPE AND " And who is Abraham's Daughter ? " queried one of a prostrate group around a camp fire. "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," continued Birdy, to another popular air, until he was joined by a manly swell of voices in the closing line — " Three cheers for the Red, "White, and Blue ! " "Hot much life here," continued Birdy, seating himself. "I have just left the % — th; There is a high old time over there. ■ They have got the dead wood on old Pigey nice." "In what way? " inquired the crowd. " You know that long, slim fellow of Co. E, in that Begiment, who is always lounging about the Hospi tal, and never on duty." " What 1 The fellow that has been going along nearly double, with both hands over the pit of his stomach, for a week past ? " " The same," resumed Birdy. " He has been going it on diarrhoea lately ; before that he was run- ning on rheumatism. Well, you know he has been figuring for a discharge ever since he heard the can- nonading at the second Bull Run, but couldn't make it before yesterday." " How did he make it ? " inquired several, ear- nestly. " Fished for it," quietly remarked Birdy. " Come, Birdy, this is too old a crowd for any jokes of yflurs. Whose canteen have you been suck- ing Commissary out of? " broke in one of his hearers, " Nary time ; I'm honest, fellows. He fished for it, and I'll tell you how," resumed Birdy, adjusting the rubber blanket upon which he had seated him- self. "You see old Pigey was riding along the path PIGEON-HOLE GEXERALS. *2l7 that winds around the hill to Corps Head-Quarters, when he spied this fellow, Long Tom, as they call him, sitting on a stump, and alongside of the big sink, that some of our mess helped to dig when on police duty last. Tom held in both hands a long pole, over the sink, with a twine string hanging from it — for all the world as if he was fishing. On came old Pigey ; but Tom never budged. " ' What are you doing there, sir ? ' said the General. " ' Fishing,' said Tom, without turning his head. " ' Fishing ! h 1 and d n ! Must be crazy ; no fish there.' " ' I've caught them in smaller streams than this,' drawled out Tom, turning at the same time his eyes upon the General, with a vacant stare. * But then I had bet- ter bait. The ground about here is too mean for good red worms. Just look,' and Tom lifted up an old sar- dine box, half full of grubs, for the General to look at. " ' Crazy, by G — d, sir,' said the General, turning to his Aid, ' Demented ! Demented ! Might be a dan- gerous man in camp ; must be attended to,' continued the General ; striking, as he spoke, vigorous blows across his saddle-bow, with his gauntlet ; Tom all the while waiting for a bite, with the patience of an old fisherman. " It was after three in the afternoon, and the Gene- ral took the bait. " ' Must be attended to. Dangerous man ! danger- ous man ! ' said he, adjusting his spectacles. " 4 Your name and Regiment, sir ? ' " Tom drawled them out, and the General directed his Aid to take them down. " ' Go to your Quarters, sir,' said the General. " ' Havn't caught anj'thing yet, and hard tack is played out,' replied Tom. 218 RED-TAPE AND " At this the General put spurs to bis horse, and left. Half an hour afterward, a Corporal's Guard came after Tom. They took him up to the marquee of the Surgeon of the Division. Tom played it just as well there, and yesterday his discharge came down, all O.K., and they've got the Commissary on the strength of it, and are having a high old time generally." " Bully boy with a glass e}^e ! How are you, dis- charge !" and like slang exclamations broke rapidly and rapturously from the -crowd. " But," said one of the more thoughtful of the crowd, as the condition of a brother then lying hopelessly ill, with no prospect of a discharge, — although it had been promised repeatedly for months past, — pressed it self upon his attention, " how shameful that this able- bodied coward and idler should get off in this way, when so* many better men are dying by inches in the hospitals. A General who understood his command and had more knowledge of human nature, could not be deceived in that way." " Tom had lounged about Division Head-Quarters so much, that he knew old Pigey thoroughly, and just when to take him," said a comrade. " All the greater shame that our Generals can be taken off their guard at any time," retorted the other. "Oh, well," continued he, "about what might be expected of one educated exclusively as a Topogra- phical Engineer, and having no acquaintance with active field service, and with no talent for com- mand ; for it is a talent that West Point may educate, but cannot create." " And what is a Tippo, Typo, or Toppographical Engineer, Sergeant? " broke in the little Irish Corpo- ral, who chanced to be one of the group, rather seri- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 219 ously. " Isn't it something like a land surveyor ; and be Jabers, wasn't the great Washington himself a land surveyor? Eh? Maybe that's the ray son these Tippos, Typos, or Toppographical Engineers ride such his;h horses." " Not badly thought of, Corporal," replied the Sergeant, amid laughter at Terence's discovery, and his attempt at pronunciation ; " but Washington was a man of earnestness and ability, and not a guzzler of whiskey, and a mouther of indecent profanity. There are good officers in that Corps. There is ' Meade, the fighter of the noble Pennsylvania Re- serves; Warren, a gentleman as well as a soldier. Others might be named. Meritorious men, but kept in the background while the place-men, cumberers of the service, refused by Jeff. Davis when making his selections from among our regular officers, as too cheap an article, are kept in position at such enor- mous sacrifices of men, money, and time. I have heard it said, upon good authority, that there is a nest of these old place-men in Washington, who keep their heads above water in the service, through the studied intimacy of their families with families of Members of the Cabinet — a toadyism that often elevates them to the depression of more meritorious men, and always at the expense of the country, — but — " Dark shall be light." Keep up your spirits, boys." " Keep up your spirits," echoed Birdy ; " that is what they are doing all the time at Division Head- Quarters, — by pouring spirits down, Jim," continued he, turning suddenly to a comrade, who lounged lazily alongside of him, holding, at the same time, at the end of a stick, a tin cup with a wire handle, over 220 BED-TAPE AND the fire, " tell the crowd about that whisky bar- rel." Some of the crowd had heard the story, from the manner in which they welcomed the suggestion, and insisted upon its reproduction. " Can't, till I cook my coffee," retorted Jim, point- ing to the black, greasy liquid in the cup, simmering slowly over the half-smothered fire. Jim's cup had evidently been upon duty but a short time previously as a soup-kettle. " But it is about done," said he, lifting it carefully off, " and I might as well tell it while it cools." w About one week ago I happened to be detailed as a Head-Quarter guard, and about four o'clock in the afternoon was pacing up and down the beat in front of the General's Head-Quarters. It was a plea- sant sun-shiny spring day, — when gadflies like to try their wings, and the ground seems to smoke in all directions, — and the General sat back composedly in the corner of his tent on a camp stool, with his elbow on his knee and his head hanging rather heavily upon his hand. The flaps were tied aside to the fly- ropes. I had a fair view of him as I walked up and down, and I came to the conclusion from his looks Kbat Pigey had either a good load on, or was in a "brown study. While I was thinking about it up comes a fellow of the 2 — th, that I used to meet often while we were upon picket. He is usually trim, tidy- looking, and is an intelligent fellow, but on that day everything about him appeared out of gear. His old grey slouch hat had only half a rim, and that hung over his eyes — hair uncombed, face unwashed, hands looking as if he had been scratching gravel with them, his blouse dirty and stuffed out above the belt, mak- ing him as full-breasted as a Hottentot woman pan- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 221 taloons greasy, torn, and unevenly suspended ; and to foot up his appearance shoes innocent of blacking, and out at the toes. When I saw him, I laughed out- right. He winked, and asked in an undertone if the General was in, stating at the same time that he was there in obedience to an order detailing one man for special duty at the General's Head Quarters, 'and you know,' said he, 'that the order always is for intelligent soldierly-looking men. Well, all our men that have been sent up of that stripe have been detained as orderlies, to keep his darkies in wood and water, and hold his horses, and we are getting tired of it. / don't intend running any risk.' "' Don't think you will,' said I, laughing at his make-up. " Just then I noticed a movement of the General's head, and resumed the step. A moment after, the General's eye caught sight of the Detail. He eyed him a moment in a doubtful way, and then rubbing his eyes, as if to confirm the sight, and straightening up, shouted — " - Sergeant of the guard ! Sergeant of the guard !' " The sergeant was forthcoming at something more than a double-quick ; and with a salute, and ' Here, sir,' stood before the General. " Old Pigey's right hand extended slowly, pointing towards the Detail, who stood with his piece at a rest, wondering what was to come next. " ' Take away that musket, sergeant ! and that G — d looking thing alongside of it. What is it, any- how ?' said the General, with a significant emphasis on the word ' thing.' " And off the sergeant went, followed by the man, who gave a sly look as he left." 222 KED-TAPE AND " Pretty well played," said one of the crowd ; "but what has that to do with a whisky barrel ?" " Hold on, and you will see ; 1 am not through yet. " About half an hoar afterward another man from the same regiment presented himself, and asked per- mission to cross my beat, saying that he had been de- tailed on special duty, and was to report to the Gene- ral in person. This one looked trim enough to pass muster. He presented himself at the door of the tent and saluted ; but the General had taken two or three plugs in the interim, and was slightly oblivious. Anxious to see some sport, I suggested that he should call the General. " ' General,' said he, lowly, then louder, all the while saluting, until the General awoke with a start. " ' Who the h — 11 are you, sir?' '"I was ordered to report to you in person, sir, for special duty.' " ' Special duty, sir ! Has it come to this ? Must I assign the duty to be performed by each individual man, sir, in the Division, sir !' "The disheveled hair, flashing eyes, and fierce look of the General, startled this new Detail, and he com- menced explaining. The General broke in abruptly, however, as if suddenly recollecting ; and rubbing his hands, while his countenance assumed a bland smile : " { Oh, yes; you are right, sir, right; special duty, sir : yes, sir ; follow me, sir.' " And the General arose and with somewhat uncer- tain strides left his marquee, and, followed by the man, entered a Sibley partly in its rear. " ' There, sir,' said the General, pointing, with rather a pleased countenance; ' do you see that barrel, sir?' " ' Yes, sir,' replied the Detail, saluting. " ' That barrel holds whisky, sir — whisky ;' — rising PIGEON-HOLE GEXERALS. 223 upon his toes and emphasizing the word ; c and I want you to guard it G — d d well. Don't let a d n man have a drop, sir. Do you understand, sir?' "'Yes, sir,' rejoined the Detail, saluting, and com- mencing his beat around the barrel. " The General was about leaving the Sibley, when he turned suddenly ; " ' Do you drink, sir ?' 11 ' Once and a while, sir,' replied the Detail, salut- ing. " ' Have you had any lately ?' "'No, sir.' " ' By G — d, sir, I'll give you some, sir ;' and he strides into his marquee and returns with a tin cup full of liquor, which he placed upon the barrel, and told the man to help himself. After the General had gone, the Detail did help himself, until his musket lay on one side of the Sibley and himself on the other." " The General knows how to sympathize with a big dry," said one, as the crowd laughed over the story. Pen cannot do justice to the stories abounding in wit and humor wherewith soldiers relieve the tedium of the camp. To an old campaigner, their appear- ance in print must seem like a faded photograph, in the sight of one who has seen the living original. Characters sparkling with humor, such as was never attributed to any storied Joe Miller, abound in every camp. The brave Wolfe, previously to the victory which cost him his life, is reported to have sung, while floating down the St. Lawrence : "c " Why, soldiers, why, Should we be melancholy, "Whose business 'tis to die ?" 224 BED-TAPE AND "Whether induced in his case by an effort to bolster up the courage of his comrades or not, the sentiment has at all times been largely practised upon in the army of the Potomac. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 225 CHAPTER XVI. The Battle of Fredericksburg — Screiving Courage up to the Stick- ing Point — Consolations of a Flask — Pigeon-IIolc Nervousness — Abandonment of Knapsacks — Incidents before, during, and after the Fight. IN" this wintry weather, striking tents meant strip- ping the log huts of the bits of canvas that ordinarily served as the shelter-tents of the soldiers. The long rows of huts thus dismantled, — soldiers at rest in ranks, with full knapsacks and haversacks, — groups of horses saddled and bridled, ready for the ride, — on one of these clear, cold December mornings, indicated that the army was again upon the move. Civilians had been sent back freighted with letters from those soon to see the serious struggle of the DO field ; the sick had been gathered to hospitals nearer home; the musicians had reported to the surgeons, and the men were left, to the sharp notes of sixty rounds of ball cartridge carried in their boxes and knapsacks, — in the plight of the Massachusetts regi- ment that marched through the mobs of Baltimore, to the music of the cartridge-box, in the first April of the Rebellion. The time intervening between the removal of McClellan and the battle of Fredericksburg, was a period of uneasy suspense to the .nation at large and i(J* 226 RED-TAPE AND its representatives in the field. Dear as the devoted patriotism, the earnest conduct of the Rhode Island Colonel — the hero of the Carolines and now the leader of the Grand Army of the Potomac — were to the patriotic masses of the nation, the fact of his being an untried man, gave room for gloom and foreboding. With the army at large, the suspense was accompanied by no lack of confidence. The devotion of the Ninth Army Corps for its old commander appeared to have spread throughout the army ; and his open, manly countenance, bald head, and unmistakable whiskers, were always greeted with rounds for "Burny." The jealousy of a few ambitious wearers of stars may have been ill concealed upon that morning, only to be disclosed shortly to his detriment ; but the earnest citizen-soldiery were eager, under his guidance, to do battle for their country. Time has shown, how much of the misfortune of the subsequent week was attri- butable to imperfect weeding of McCleilanism at Warrenton. Like a lion at bay, restless in easy view of the hosts of the Rebellious, the army had remained in its camp upon the heights of Stafford until the arrival of the pontoons. For miles along the Rappahannock, the picket of blue had his counterpart in the picket of grey upon the opposite shore. Unremitting -labor upon fortifications and earthworks, had greatly in- creased the natural strength of the amphitheatre of hills in the rear of Fredericksburg. Countless sur- mises spread in the ranks as to the character and direction of the attack ; though the whims of those who uttered them were variant as the reflections of a kaleidoscope. But the sun, that through the pines that morning, shone upon burnished barrels, polished breast- plates, and countenances of brave men, PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 227 radiant, as if reflecting their holy purpose, has never, since the shining hosts of Heaven were marshalled for the suppression of the great prototype of this Rebel- lion, seen more earnest ranks, or a holier cause. The bugles call " Attention/ 7 then " Forward." Horses are rapidly mounted ; and speedily coming to the shoulder, and facing to the right, the army is in motion b} r the flank towards the river. Far as the eye could see, in all directions, there were moving masses of troops. Cowardly beneath contempt is the craven, who in such a cause, and at such a time, would not feel inspirited by the firm tread of the martial columns. 11 Hear 'em ! Oh, Hear 'em ! "' exclaimed an earnest- looking country boy, hastily closing a daguerreotype case, into which he had been intently gazing, and replacing it in his pocket, as the booming of a heavy siege gun upon the Washington Farm, followed in- stantly by the reports of several batteries to the right, broke upon the ear like volleyed thunder. A clap of thunder from a clear sky could not have startled him more, had he been at work upon his father's farm. His earnest simplicity afforded great amusement to his comrades, and for a while made him the butt of a New York Regiment that then chanced to be march- ing abreast. Raw recruit as he was, cowardice was no part of his nature, and he indignantly repelled the taunts of his comrades. Gloom deep settled was visible upon his countenance, however, although firm his step and compressed his lip. " Terence," said he, to the little Irish Corporal who marched by his side, as another suggestive artil- lery fire that appeared to move along the entire front, made itself heard, " may I ask a favor of you r 228 RED-TAPE AXD " Indade ye may, John, and a thousand ov them if ye plaze, to the last dhrop in my canteen." One of those jams so constant and annoying in the movements of large masses of men, here gave the op- portunity, for John to unbosom himself, which he did, while both leaned upon the muzzles of their pieces. u Terence, I do not believe that I will be alongside of you many days," said John, with an effort. " Why, what's the matter wid ye, boy ? if I didn't know ye iver since you thrashed that bully in the Zouaves, I wud think ye cowardly." " It is not fear, Corporal," continued John, more determinedly. " I'm looking the danger squarely in the face, and am ready to meet it, and I want to be prepared for it." " Be jabers, John," retorted Terence, " ye should have prepared for it before you left home. I saw Father Mahan just before I left, and he tould me to do my duty like a thrue Irishman ; and that if I was kilt in such a cause I wud go straight through, and be hardly asked to stay over night in Purgatory. There's my poor brother, peace to his soul ; — and did ye hear " But, Terence," interrupted John, " I am not afraid of death ; and for the judgment after death I have made all the preparation I could in my poor way, and I can trust that to my Maker ; but "— and here John clapped his hand over his left breast. " Oh, I see," said Terence. " It's a case of disease of the heart." " I want you, in case I fall, to take the daguerreo- type that you will find in the inside pocket on the left side of my blouse, and a sealed letter, and see that both are sent to the address upon the letter," continued John. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 229 " Faith, will I, John. But who tould you that you wud be kilt, and meself that's alone and friendless escape ? Well, I'll take them, John, if I have to go meself; and it's Terence McCarty that will not see her suffer ; and maybe — but it's hard seeing how a girl could take a fancy to a short curly-headed Irish- man, like meself, after having loved a sthrapping, straight-haired man like you." How John relished the winding-up of the corpo- ral's offer could not well be seen, as an order to resume the step interrupted the conversation. Progress was slow, necessarily, from the caution required in the approach to the river. Over the rolling ground, to an artillery accompaniment un- equalled in grandeur, the troops trudged slowly along. Here and there was a countenance of serious determination, but the great mass were gay and reck- less, as soldiers proverbially are, of the risks the future might hold in reserve. After a succession of short marches and halts, the forward movement appeared to cease about four o'clock in the afternoon, and the men quietly rested on their arms, as well as the damp, and in many places muddy ground would allow. Towards evening countless fires, fed by the dry bushes found in abun- dance upon the old fields of Virginia, showed that amidst war's alarms the men were not unmindful of coffee. Throughout the day, with but brief cessation, artil- lery firing had continued. The booming of the siege guns, mingled with the sharp rattle of the light, and the louder roar of the heav}' batteries, all causing countless echoes among the neighboring hills, com- pleted the carnival of sound. Night crept gradually on, the fires were extin- 230 RED-TAPE AND guished, the cannonading slackened gradually, then ceased, and the vast army, save those whom duty kept awake, silently slept under frosted blankets. Cannonading was resumed at early dawn of the next day, and the slow progress of the troops towards the river continued. Before night our advance had crossed upon the pontoon bridges, notwithstanding a galling fire of the Rebel sharpshooters under cover of the buildings along the river, and was firmly esta- blished in the town. Late in the day our Division turned into a grove of young pines, a short distance in the rear of the Phillips House. . Upon beds of the dead foliage, soft as carpets of velvet, after the fatigues of the day, slumber was sound. The reveille sounded at early morn of the next day, — Saturday, the memorable thirteenth of Decem- ber, — by over three hundred pieces of artillery, again aroused the sleeping camps to arms, and in the grey fog, the groves and valleys for some miles along the river appeared alive with moving masses. As soon as the fog lifted sufficiently, a large balloon between us and the river arose, upon a tour of observation. It was a fine mark for a rifled battery of the Rebels, and some shells passed close to it, and exploded in dangerous proximity to our camp. Under an incessant artillety fire the main movement of the troops across the river commenced. Leaving our camp and passing to the right of the Phillips mansion, we found our Division, one of a number of columns moving in almost parallel lines to the river. On the western slope of the hill or ridge upon which the house stood, we came to another halt, until our turn to cross should come. Whatever modern armies may have lost in dazzling appearance, when contrasted with the armies of old PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 231 that moved in glittering armor and under " banner, shield, and spear," they certainly have lost nothing in the enginery of death, and in the sights and sounds of the fight itself. A twelve-pound battery under stern old Cato's control, would have sent Caesar and his legions howling from the gates of Rome, and have saved the dignity of her Senate. The shock of battle was then a medley of human voice?, confused with the rattle of the spear upon the shield ; now a hell of thunder vol umed from successive batter- ies, — and relieved by screaming and bursting shell and rattling musketry. The proper use of a single shell would have cleared the plains of Marathon. More appropriately can we come down to later times, when " The old Continentals, In their ragged regimentals, Faltered not," for the ground upon which our army stood had re- peatedly been used as a rallying point for troops, and a depot for military stores in Continental and Revo- lutionary times. How great the contrast between the armies now upon either side of the Rappahannock, and the numbers, arms, and equipage then raised with difficulty from the country at large. Our forefathers in some measure foresaw our greatness ; but they did not foresee the magnitude of the sin of slavery, tole- rated by them against their better judgment, and now crowding these banks with immense and hostile armies. Since that day the country has grown, and with it as part of its growth, the iniquity, but the purposes of the God of battles prevail nevertheless. The explosion that rends the rock and releases the toad confined and dormant for centuries, may not have been intended for that end by the unwitting 232 EED-TAPE AND miner, nor the civil convulsion that shatters a mighty nation to relieve an oppressed people and bestow upon it the blessings of civilization, may not have been started with that view by foul conspirators. But while we are digressing, a cavalcade of mounted men have left the area in front of the Phillips mansion, and are approaching us upon the road at a full gallop. The boys recognize the foremost figure, clad in a black pilot frock, his head covered with a regulation felt, the brim of which is over his eyes and the top rounded to its utmost capacity, and cheer upon cheer for " Burney" run along the column. With a firm seat, as his horse clears the railroad track and dashes through the small stream near by, he directs his course to the Lacy House on the bank of the river. It was near noon when we passed over the same ground, and taking a road to the right of the once tasteful grounds of that mansion, debouched by a narrow pass cut through the bank to the water's edge. As we did so, some shells thrown at the mounted officers of the Regiment passed close to their heads and exploded with a dull sound in the soft ground of the bank. With a steady tramp the troops crossed, scarcely the slightest motion being perceptible upon the firm double pontoon bridge. Another column was moving across upon the bridge below. Gaining the opposite bank, the column filed to the left, in what appeared to be a principal street of the town. Here knapsacks were unslung and piled in the store rooms upon either side. The few citizens who remained had sought pro- tection from the shells in the cellars, and not an inhabitant of the place was to be seen Notwith- standing the heavy concentrated artillery fire, — PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 233 beyond some few buildings burned down, — nothing like the destruction was visible that would be ima- gined. Deserted by its proper inhabitants, the place had, however, a heavy population in the troops that crowded the streets parallel with the river. The day previous the Rebels had opened fire upon the town. It was continued at intervals, but with little effect. Z-i-i-s-s ! a round shot sings above your head, and with a sharp thud strikes the second story of the brick house opposite, marking its passage by a tolerably neat hole through the wall. P-i-i-n-g ! screams a shell, exploding in a room with noise sufficient to justify the total destruction of a block of buildings. The smoke clears away, ceilings may be torn, floors and windows shattered, but the building, to an outside observer, little damaged. From an early hour in the morning the musketry had been incessant, — now in volleys, and now of the sharp rattling nature that denotes severe skirmishing. On the left, where more open ground permitted extended offensive movements, the firing was par- ticularly heavy. But above it all was the continuous roar of artillery, and the screaming and explosion of shells. To this music the troops in light order and ready for the fray, marched up a cross street, and in the shelter of the buildings of another street on the outer edge of the place and parallel with the river, stood at arms, — passing on their way out hundreds of wounded men of different regiments, on stretchers and on foot, some with ghastly wounds, and a few taking the advantage of the slightest scratch to pass from front to rear. Legs and arms carelessly heaped together alongside of one of the amputating tents in the rear of the Phillips House, and passed in the march of the day before, had prepared the nerves 234 RED-TAPE AND of the men somewhat for this most terrible ordeal for fresh troops. Many of the wounded men cheered lustily as the men marched by, and were loudly cheered in return, while here and there an occa- sional skulker would tell how his regiment was cut to pieces, and like Job's servant he alone left. From this point a fine view could be had of the encircling hills, with their crowning earthworks, commanding the narrow plateau in our immediate front. On the right and centre the Rebel line was not to be assailed, but by advancing over ground that could be swept by hundreds of pieces of artil- lery, while to protect an advancing column our batteries from their position must be powerless for good. A stone wall following somewhat the shape of the ridge ran along its base. Properly banked in its rear, it afforded an admirable protection for their troops. As there was no chance for success in storming these works, the object in making the attempt was doubtless to divert the Rebel attention from their right. Column after column of the flower of the army, had during the day charged successively in mad desperation upon that wall; but not to reach it. Living men could not stand before that heavy and direct musketry, and the deadly enfilading can- nonade from batteries upon the right and left. The thickly strewn plain attested at once the heroic cou- rage of the men, and the hopelessness of the contest. " Boys, we're in for it," said a Lieutenant on his way from the right. u Old Pigey has just had three staving swigs from his flask, and they are all getting ready. There goes 'Tommy Totten,'" as the bugle call for " forward" is familiarly called in the army. Our course was continued to the left— two regi- PIGEON-HOLE GENEKAXS. 235 ments marching abreast — until we neared a main road leading westward from the town. In the mean- time the movement had attracted the Rebel fire, and at the last cross street a poor fellow of the 2 — th Regiment was almost cut in two by a shell which passed through the ranks of our Regiment and ex- ploded upon the other side of the street, but without doing further damage. At the main road we filed to the right, and amid dashing Staff officers and orderlies, wounded men and fragments of regiments broken and disorganized, proceeded on our way to the front. There was a slight depression in the road, enough to save the troops, and shot and shell sans: harmlessly above our heads. When the head of the column — really its rear — as we were left in front, was abreast of a swampy strip of meadow land, at the further end of which was a tannery, our Brigade filed again to the right. The occupation of this meadow appeared to be criminally purposeless, as our line of attack was upon the left of the road ; while it was in full view and at the easy range of a few hundred yards from a three-gun Rebel battery. The men were ordered to lie down, which they did as best they could from the nature of the ground, while the mounted officers of the Division and Bri- gade gathered under the shelter of the brick tannery building. The movement was scarcely over, before one head and then another appeared peering through the em- brasures of the earthwork, then a mounted officer upon a lively sorrel cantered as if for observation a short distance to the left of the work. Some sharp- shooters in our front, protected slightly by the ground which rose gently towards the west, tried their breech-loaders upon him. At 450 yards there was 236 EED-TAPE AND certainty enough in the aim to make the music of their bullets unpleasant, and he again sought the cover of the work. An upright puff of smoke, — then a large volumed puff horizontally, — shrill music in its short flight,-— a dull, heavy sound as the shell explodes in the soft earth under our ranks, — and one man thrown ten feet into the air, fell upon lnV back in the ranks behind him, while his two comrades on his left were killed outright, his Lieu- tenant near by mortally wounded, a leg of his com- rade on the right cut in two, and a dozen in the neighborhood bespattered with the soft ground and severely contused. Shells that exploded in the air above us, or screamed over our heads ; rifle balls that whizzed spitefully near, were now out of con- sideration. The motions of loading and firing, and as we' were in the line of direction, the shell itself, could be seen with terrible distinctness. There was the dread certainty of death at every discharge. All eyes were turned toward the battery, and at each puff, the " bravest held his breath" until the smothered explosion announced that the danger was over. From our front ranks, who had gra- dually crept up the side of the hill, an incessant fire was kept up ; but the pieces could be worked with but little exposure, and it was harmless. Fortunately the shells buried themselves deeply before exploding, and were mainly destructive in their direct passage. Again the horseman cantered gaily to his former place of observation on the left ; but our sharp- shooters had the range, and his fine sorrel was turned to the work limping very discreditably. This trifling injury was all that we could inflict in return for the large loss of life and limb. " Well, Lieutenant, poor John is gone ! " said the PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 237 little Irish Corporal, coming to the side of that offi- cer. ' « What, killed ? " "Ivery bit-of it. I have just turned him over, and ehure he is as dead as he was before he was born. That last shot murthered the boy. It is Terence McCarthy that will do his duty by him, and may be " " Corporal ! to your post," broke in the Lieutenant. " Old Pigey is taking another pull at the flask, and we will move in a minute." The surmise of the Lieutenant was correct.' "Tommy Totten" again called the men to ranks, and right in front, the head of the column took the pike on another advance. The .Rebels seeing the movement, handled their battery with great rapidity and dexterity, and shells in rapid succession were thrown into the closed ranks, but without creating confusion. Among others, a Major of the last Regiment upon the road, an old Mexican campaigner, and a most valuable officer, fell mortally wounded just as he was about leaving the field, and met the fate, that by one of those singular premonitions before noticed in this chapter, — so indicative by their fre- quency of a connexion in life between man's mortal and immortal part, — he had already anticipated. It was now about four o'clock in the afternoon. The day was somewhat misty, and at this time the field of battle was fast becoming shrouded by the commingled mist and smoke. On the left of the road the Brigade formed double line of battle along the base and side of a rather steep slope which led to the plateau above. The ground was muddy and well trodden, and littered with dead bodies in spots that marked the localities of exploded 238 BED-TAPE AND shells. Hungry and fatigued with the toil of the day, yet expectant of a conflict which must prove the death scene of many, the men sank upon their arms. From this same spot, successive lines of battle had charged during the day. Brave souls ! With rushing memories of home and kindred and friends, they shrank not because the path of duty was one of clanger. We were there as a forlorn hope for the final effort of the field. With great exertion and consummate skill upon the part of its Commander, a battery had been placed in position on the summit of the slope. Officers and men worked nobly, handling the pieces with coolness and rapidity. What they accom- plished, could not be seen. What they suffered, was frightfully apparent. Man after man was shot away, until in some instances they were too weak- handed to keep the pieces from following their own recoil down the slope, confusing our ranks and bruising the men. Volunteers sprang forward to assist in working the guns. The gallant Commander, almost unaided, kept order in what would otherwise have been a mingled herd of confused men and frightened horses. No force could withstand the hurricane of hurtling shot and shell that swept the summit. " Lieutenant, take command of that gun," was the short, sharp, nervous utterance of a General of Division, as in one of his tours of random riding he suddenly stopped his horse in front of a boy of nineteen, a Lieutenant of infantry, who previously to bringing his squad of men into service, a few brief months before, had never seen a full battery. " Sir ! " he replied, in unfeigned astonishment. " By G cl ! sir, I command you as the Com PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 239 manding General of this Division, sir, to take com- mand of that piece of artillery." " General, I am entirely unacquainted with " " Take command of that piece, sir. You should be ready to enter any arm of the service," replied the General, flourishing his sword in a threatening manner. " General, I will do my duty ; but I can't sight a cannon, sir. I will hand cartridge, turn the screw, steady the wheel, or I'll ram " " Ram — ram !" — echoed the General with an oath, and off he started on another of his mad rides. " Fall in," was passed rapidly along the line, and a moment after our Brigadier, cool as if exercising his command in the evolutions of a peaceful field, rode along the ranks. " Boys, you are ordered to take that stone wall, and must do it with the bayonet." Words full of deadly import to men who for long hours had been in full view of the impregnable works, and the field of blood in their front. Omi- nous as was the command, it was greeted with cheers ; and with bayonets at a charge, up that diffi- cult slope, — preserving their line as best they could while breaking to pass the guns, wounded and strug- gling horses, and bodies thickly strewn over that most perilous of positions for artillery, — the troops passed at a rapid step. The ground upon the summit had been laid out in small lots, as is customary in the suburbs of towns. Many of the partition fences were still remaining, with here and there gaps, or with upper rails lowered for the passage of troops. For a moment, while crossing these fallow fields, there was a lull in the direct musketry. The enfi- lading fire from batteries right and left still con- *• * 240 RED-TAPE AND tinued ; the fierce fitful flashes of the bursting shells becoming more visible with the approach of night. Onward we went, picking our way among the fallen dead and wounded of Brigades who had preceded us in the fight, with feet fettered with mud, strug- gling to keep place in the line. Several regiments lying upon their arms were passed over in the charge. " Captain," said a mounted officer when we had jnst crossed a fence bounding what appeared to be an avenue of the town, " close up on the right." The Captain partly turned, to repeat the command to his men, when the bullets from a sudden flash of waving fire that for the instant lit up the summit of the stone wall for its entire length, prostrated him with a mortal wound, and dismounted his superior. Pity that his eye should close in what seemed to be the darkest hour of the cause dearest to his soul ! Yolley after volley of sheeted lead was poured into our ranks. We were in the proper position on the plain, and a day's full practice gave them ex- act range and terrible execution. In the increased darkness, the flashes of musketry alone were visible ahead, wlwle to the right and left the gloom was lit up by the lurid flashing of their batteries. This very darkness, in concealing the danger, and the loss, doubtless did its share in permitting the men to cross the lines of dead that marked the halting- place of previous troops. Still onward they ad- vanced, — the thunder of artillery above them, — the groans of the wounded rising from below ; — frightful gaps are made in their ranks by exploding shells, and many a brave boy staggers and falls to rise no more, in that storm of spitefully whizzing lead. Regularity in ranks was simply impossible. Many PIGEOX-HOLE GENERALS. 2-11 officers and men gathered about a brick house on the right — a narrow lawn leading directly to the fatal wall was crowded ; indeed, caps bearing the regimental numbers were found, as has since been ascertained, close by the wall, and a Lieutenant who was stunned in the fight and fell almost at its b; was taken prisoner. Nearly every officer who had entered the fight mounted, was at this time upon foot. In the tempest of bullets that everywhere prevailed the destruction; of the force was but a question of brief time, and to prevent farther heroic but vain sacrifices the order to retire was given. With the Brigade, the Regiment fell back, leaving, one-third of its number in dead and wounded to hallow the remembrance of that fatal field. " This way, Pap ! This is the way to get out safe," shouted a Captain as he rose, from the rear of a pile of rubbish, amid the laughter of the men now on their backward move. The burly form of the exhorting Colonel was seen to follow the no less burly form of the Captain, and father and son were spared for other fields. An effort was made to reform after the firing had slackened, but the increased darkness prevented the marshalling of the thinned ranks. Out of range of the still not infrequent bullets and occasional shell, and drowsy from fatigue, the men again lay upon their arms at the foot of the slope ; and the battle of Fredericksburg was over. What happened upon the left, where the main battle should have been fought, and why Franklin was upon the left at all, are problems that perhaps the reader can pass upon to better advantage than the writer of these pages. His " corner of the 11 242 RED-TAPE AND fight" has been described, truthfully at least, what- ever the other failings may be. We had left the field ; but the Rebels had not as yet gained it. Pickets were thrown out to within eighty yards of their line, and details scattered over the field to bear off the wounded. No lights Were allowed, and the least. noise was sure to bring a shell or a shower of bullets. In consequence, their re- moval was attended with difficulty. The evil of the practice too prevalent among company com- manders, of sending skulkers and worthless men in obedience to a detail for the ambulance corps, was now horribly apparent. Large numbers of the dead, and even the dying, were found with their pockets turned inside out, rifled of their contents by these harpies in uniform. But little rest was to be had that night. At 8 p. m. the troops were marched back into the town, only to be brought out .again at midnight and re- formed in line of battle about a hundred yards dis- tant from the wall. The moon had now risen i and in its misty light the upturned faces of the dead lost nothing of ghastliness. Horrible, too, beyond de- scription — ringing in the ears of listeners for a life- time — were the shrieks and groans of the wounded, — principally Rebel, — from a strip of neutral ground lying between the pickets of the two armies. What- ever the object of reforming line of battle may have been, it appears to have been abandoned, as after a short stay we were returned to the town and assigned quarters in the street in front of the Plan- ters' House. Fredericksburg was a town of hospitals. All the churches and public buildings, very many private re- sidences, and even the pavements in their respective PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 243 fronts, were crowded with wounded. In one of the principal churches on a lower street, throned in a pulpit which served as a dispensary, and surrounded by surgical implements and appliances, flourished our little Dutch Doctor, never more completely in his element. Very nice operations, as he termed them, were abundant. " How long ca,n I live ? " inquired a fine-looking, florid-faced young man of two-and-twenty, with a shattered thigh, who had just been brought in and had learned from the Doctor that amputation could not save his life. " Shust fifteen minutes/' was the reply, as the Doctor opened and closed his watch in a cold, busi- ness way. " Can I see a Chaplain ? " " Shaplain ! Shaplain ! eh ? Shust one tried to cross, and he fell tead on bridge. Not any follow him, I shure you. Too goot a chance to die, for Shaplains. What for you want him? Bray, eh ? " The dying man, folding his hands upon his breast, nodded assent. " Ver well, I bray," and at the side of the stretcher the Doctor kneeled, and with fervid utterance, and in the solemn gutturals of the German, repeated the Lord's prayer. When he arose to resume his labor, the soldier was beyond the reach of earthly suppli- cation ; but a smile was upon his countenance. The Sabbath, with the main body of our troops, was a day of rest. 'Chance shots from Rebel sharp- shooters, who had crept to within long range of the cross streets, were from time to time heard, and shell occasionally screamed over the town. To ears accustomed to the uproar of the preceding days, however, they were not in the least annoying. Over 244 RED-TAPE AjSTD t one-half of the army were comfortably housed, bringing into requisition for their convenience the belongings and surroundings of the abandoned dwellings. Notwithstanding our slow approach, the evidences of hasty exit on the part of the in- habitants were abundant on. all sides. Warehouses filled with flour and tobacco were duly appreciated by the men, while parlors floored in Brussels, and elegantly ornamented, were in many instances wan- tonly destroyed. " Tom," said a non-commissioned officer, address- ing a private whom we have before met in these pages, " where did you get that box ? " " Get it ? Why I confiscated it. Just look at the beauties," and opening a fine mahogany case, Tom disclosed a pair of highly finished duelling pistols. " What right have you to confiscate it ? " retorted the Sergeant. " It is contraband of war, and Rebel property. Record evidence of that. Just look at this letter found with it," and Tom pulled out of an inside pocket of his blouse a letter written in a most misera- ble scrawl, assuring some " Dear Capting" of "Here's my heart and here's my hand, For the man who fit for Dixy land." Monday passed in much the same manner. About 9 p. m. of that day the Regiment, with others, was employed in throwing up breastworks, and digging rifle-pits on the west of the town. Expecting to hold it on the morrow against what they knew would be a terrible artillery fire, the men worked faithfully, and by midnight, works strong as the ground would admit of, were prepared. It was a PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 245 perilous work; performed in the very face of the enemy's pickets; — but was only an extensive ruse, as at 1 a. m. we were quietly withdrawn and assigned a position in the left of the town. The sidewalks were muddy, and disengaging shutters from the windows, loose boards from fences, — anything to keep them above the mud, — the men composed themselves for slumber. Before 2 o'clock an excited Staff officer had the Brigade again in line, and after moving and halting until 4 a. m., we crossed the lower bridge in much lighter order than when we entered the place ; for notwithstanding urgent solici- tations of officers, from Brigadier down, permission was refused the men to obtain their knapsacks. Besides the loss of several thousand dollars to the Government in blankets and overcoats, hundreds of valuable knapsacks, and even money in considerable sums, were lost to the men. The matter is all the more disgraceful wdien we consider the abundance of time, and the fact, that details had been sent by the Colonels to arrange the knapsacks upon the side- walk, in order that they could be taken up while the command would pass. It was marched by another route, however, and in the cold, pelting rain, the men, while marching up the opposite slopes of the Rappahannock, had ample reason to reflect upon the cold forethought that could crowd a Head- quarters' train, -and deprive them of their proper allowance of clothing. Six hours later, our Di visi< m had the credit of furnishing about the only booty left by the army that the Rebels found upon their reoccupation of the town. Sadly and quietly, the troops retrod the familiar mud of their old camp grounds. The movement had been a failure — a costly one in private and na- 243 RED-TAPE AilD tional sacrifices, — and no one felt it more keenly than the broad-shouldered, independent, and much in- jured Burnside. Strange that this costly sacrifice should have been offered up on ground hallowed in our early struggle for freedom — that the bodies of our brave volunteers, stripped by traitor hands, should lie naked on the plain that bears a monument to* that woman of many virtues, u Mary, the mother of Washington" — that ground familiar to the early boyhood of the Great Patriot, should have been the scene of one of the noblest, although un- successful, contests of the war. Fit altar for such a sacrifice ! A shrine for all time of devout patriots, wno will here renew their vows, — of fidelity to this God-given Government, — of eternal enmity to trai- tors, — and thus consecrate to posterity the heavy population we have left in the Valley.. PIGEON-HOLE CENEEALS. 247 CHAPTER XVII. The Sorrows of the Sutler — The Sutler's Tent — Generals manu- factured by the Daili"s — Fighting and Writing — A Glandered Horse — Courts-martial — Mania of a Pigeon-hole General on the Subject — Colonel and Lieutenant- Colonel in Strait- Janets. IF the reader can imagine the contents of his nearest corner grocery thrown confusedly to- gether under a canvas covering, he will have a tolerably correct idea of the interior of a Sutler's tent. Probably, to make the likeness more truth- ful, sardines, red herring, and cheese, should be more largely represented than is customary in a corner grocery. Our Sutler, although upon his first campaign, was no novice in the craft. He could be hail-fellow- well-met with the roughest of crowds thronging the outside of his rude counter, and at the same time keep an eye upon the cash drawer. And he was behind no one in " casting his bread upon the wa- ters," in the shape of trifling presents and hospitable welcomes, in order that it might return at the next pay-day. Notwithstanding all his tact, however, Tom Green was in many respects an awkward, hap- hazard fellow, continually in difficulty, although as continually fortunate . in overcoming it. His 248 RED-TAPE AND troubles were known to the Regiment, as the Sut- ler's interests were individualized to a great extent, and while all might be amused, he was never be- yond the pale of sympathy. During the long winter evenings, the barrels and boxes in his tent seated a jovial crowd of officers, who in games and with thrice-told stories, would while away what would otherwise be tedious hours. Not unfrequently was the Chaplain, who quartered close by, disturbed with a "sound of revelry by night,"' to have his good-humor restored in the morning by a can of pickled lobster or brand ied cherries. On one of the merriest of the merry nights of the holidays, our Western Virginia Captain was the centre of a group of officers engaged in gazing in- tently upon a double page wood-cut, in one of the prominent illustrated weeklies, that at oue time might have represented the storming of Fort Donelson, but then did duty by way of illustrating a "Gallant Charge at Fredericksburg." " There it is again," said the Captain. " !Not one half of our Generals are made by honest efforts. Their fighting is nothing like the writing that is done for them. They don't rely so much upon their own genius as upon that of the reporter who rides with their Staffs. By George, if old Rosey in Western Virginia " " Dry up oh that, Captain," interrupted a brother officer. " Old Pigey is the hero of the day. He understands himself. Didn't you notiee how conceit- edly all the dailies after the tight talked about the cool, courageous man of science ; and just look at this how it backs it all up. Old Rosey, as you call him., never had half as many horses shot under him at one time. Just see them kicking and floundering PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 219 about him, and the General away ahead on foot, be- tween our lire and the labels, as cool as when he took the long pull at his flask in the hollow." "And half the men will testify that that was the only cool moment he saw during the whole fight." " Xo matter," continued the other, "he has the inside track of the reporters, and he is all right with all who ' smell the battle from afar.' " " Well, there's no denying old Pigey was brave, but he was as crazy as a boy with a bee in his breeches," said the Captain, holding up the carica- ture to the admiration of the crowded tent. " Our Division gets the credit of it at any rate. Bully for our Division ! " " Not one word," breaks in the Poetical Lieu- tenant, " of Butterfield, with his cool, Napoleonic look, as he rode along our line preparatory to the charge; or of Fighting Old Joe, unwilling to give up the field ; or of our difficulty in clambering up the slope, getting by the artillery, which made ranks confused, and so forth, but 4 On we move, though to self- slaughter, Regular as rolling water.' Never mind criticizing, boys. It will sound well at home. We did our duty, at any rate, if we did not do it exactly as representee! in the picture. The reporter was not there to see for himself, and he must take somebody's word, and it is a feather in our cap that he has taken Pigey's." The conversation was at this stage interrupted by the sudden entry of the Adjutant, with a loud call for the Sutler. That individual, notwithstanding the unusual excitement of the night, had been sin- gularly quiet. Rising from his buffalo in the cor- 250 RED-TAPE AND ner, he approached the Adjutant with a countenance so full of apprehension aiftl alarm as to elicit the inquiry from the crowd of " What's the matter with the Sutler?" " He hasn't felt well since I told him a few hours ago," said a Lieutenant, a lawyer by profession, " that Sutlers were liable to be court-martialed." " And he'll feel worse," adds the Adjutant, " when he hears this letter read." Amid urgent calls for the letter, the Adjutant mounted a box, and by the light of a dip held by the Captain, proceeded to read a letter signed by the Commanding General of the Division, and con- siderably blurred, which ran somewhat in this wise : u Colonel : — " Is your Sutler sagacious? " Has he ordinary honesty? " Has he the foresight common among business men? Is he likely to be imposed upon? The letter was greeted with roars of laughter that were not diminished by the dismay of the Sutler. The Adjutant was forthwith requested by one of the crowd to suggest to the Colonel to reply — " That our Sutler was a sagacious animal. That he had the honesty ordinary among Sutlers. That if the General was disposed to deal with him, he would find out that he had the foresight common among busi- ness men, especially in the way of calculating his profits ; and that as far as making change was con- cerned, he was not at all likely to be imposed upon." Loud calls were now made upon the Sutler for an explanation, and with look and tones that indicated that with him at least it was no laughing matter, he commenced — PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 251 " On the forenoon of the day that we crossed into Fredericksburg " " We crossed !" roared the Captain. " "Well, that's cool for a man who suddenly recollected when that Quarter-Master was killed by a shell near the Lacy House, just before our brigade crossed, that lie had business in Washington." "Well, then, that you crossed," continued the Sutler, correcting himself hastily, to allow the crowd to make as little capital as possible out of his blun- der, u the General sent for me, and said that he had been informed that I thought of going to "Washing- ton, and wanted to know whether I would take a horse with me ; — pointing to one that was blanketed, and that one of his orderlies was leading. I looked upon it as an order to take the horse, and thought that I might as well put a good face on the matter. So I told him that I would take it with pleasure. Well, I mounted the horse, thinking that I might as well ride, and took the road for Aquia. But I found out after half an hour's travel, that the horse was very weak, — in fact hardly able to bear me, and so I took the halter strap in hand and trudged along by his side. Presently I noticed a very bad smell. Carrion is so common here along the road that I didn't pay much attention to it at first, but the smell continued, and got worse, and I thought it strange that the carrion should keep with me. By and by I noticed his nostrils, and then found out to my rage that I, a Regimental Sutler, accustomed to drive good nags, was leading a glandered horse in a country where horse flesh was cheap as dirt. Well, at Aquia we had a great time getting the horse on the boat, — indeed, he fell off the gangway, and we had to fish him out of the water. The passengers 252 BED-TAPE AND crowded me, with the horse, into a little corner in. the stern of the boat, and looked at me as it' I de- served lynching for bringing him on board. But that was nothing to the trouble I had with him in Washington. After the boat landed, I led that horse around from one stable to another in Wash- ington for four mortal hours, but couldn't get him in anywhere; and besides they threatened to prose- cute me if I did not have him shot. Finding that I could do nothing else, I gave a man three dollars to have him taken away and shot. The thing bothered me mightily. I did not want to write to old Pigey, for fear that he might take some course to prevent me from collecting the greenbacks due me in the Regiment, and I did not like to tell him in person. Well, I have been putting it off and off for nearly a week past since my return- — my mind made up to tell him all about it, but delaying as long as possi- ble, until this afternoon he happened to see me, and in about half an hour afterward sent for me. It was after three o'clock, an unsafe time with the Gene- ral, and I expected there would be the d 1 to pay. From the way in which he asked me to be seated, shook hands with me, and went on inquiring about my stock and business, and so forth, I saw at once that he knew nothing of it. All the while I was fairly trembling in my boots. At last says he : " 4 Well, how did you leave the horse V and with- out waiting for an answer, went on to say that he was a favorite animal, highly recommended by the Ohio Captain he had purchased him from, and wound up by repeating the inquiry. " There was no chance to back out now, and gather- ing my breath for the effort, said I — " ' General, I regret to say, that your horse is dead.' PIGEONS-HOLE &EW15KALS. 253 "'Dead ! did you say V echoed the General, rising. " ' Yes, sir ; I was compelled to have him sh "'Shot! did you say, sir?' advancing; 'shot! compelled to have him shot, sir! By G — d, sir, I would like to know, sir, who would compel you to have a horse of mine shot, sir."* " ' He was glandered,' said I timidly. " ' Sir ! sir! ! sir! ! ! D — d lie, sir, — mouth as sweet as sugar. D — d lie, sir, 7 retorted the General. " The General was furiously mad, his eyes flashing, and all the while he took quick and long steps up and down his marquee. "I atttempted an explanation, but he would listen to none; and kept on repeating 'glandered!' 'shot!' and scowling at times at me ; — saying, too, ' By G — d, sir, this matter must be investigated.' " ' General,' said I, at length, ' injustice to myself, I would like' " ' Justice to yourself!' shouted the General, look- ing at me as if he believed me mean enough to murder my grandmother. ' Who the h — 1 ever heard of a sutler being entitled to any justice ? you. sir, I'll teach you justice. Get out of my tent, sir.' " I thought it best not to wait for another oppor- tunity to get away, and as I sloped I heard the General swearing at me until I had passed the Sur- geon's tent. You see what makes the matter worse with the General is, that he has been told several times that the horse was unsound, but would not admit that as much of a horseman as he professed to be, had been taken in by the ' Buckeye Officer.' ' The recital of the story appeared! to have lighten the load upon the breast of the sutler, and he wound up somewhat humorously, by telling the crowd that there was another on the list to be court-martialed, 254 RED-TAPE AND and that they must give him all possible aid and comfort. " Be easy, sutler ! there are too many ahead of you on that list," observed an officer. " Your case can't be reached for some time yet. It is admitted on all sides that our material, officers and men, are as good as any in the army ; and, for all that, although one of the smallest divisions, we have more courts-martial than any other division. Why, just look at it, A day or two before the battle of Fredericksburg, twenty-three officers were released from arrest. Thirteen of them, Lieutenants undercharges for lying, as oldPigey termed it, when, in fact, it was nothing more than a simple misunderstanding of one of his night orders, such as any men might make. Poor fellows ! over one-half of them are out of his power now ; but I wouldn't wonder if the General would be presumptuous and malignant enough to respect- fully refer their cases to the Chancery of Heaven, with endorsements to suit himself!" " Well, that brave Lieutenant," said the Captain, " who asked permission of the Colonel to charge with our regiment when himself and squad had become separated from his own, has been reinstated. You know that at the time old Pigey gave permis- sion to the Colonels to send Volunteer Officers before the board for examination, the Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment, instead of sending him a written order, as was customary, sought him out when engaged in conversation with some non-commissioned officers of his command, and in an insulting manner gave him a verbal order" to report. They had some hot talk about it, and in the course of it the Lieutenant said that ' he'd be d — d if he came into the array to study tactics ; he came to fight," and on the strength PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 255 of that, the General had him tried and dismissed. Our Colonel and Lientenant-Colonel sent np a state- ment to 'Barney,' giving a glowing account of his gallant conduct in the light; and the General seeing how dead in earnest he was when he said he came to light, restored him to his position." " I am very much afraid," said the Lieutenant, slowly, interrupted by frequent whiffs at a well- colored meerschaum, " that the Colonel and Lieute- nant-Colonel w T ill have difficulty to save themselves." " Save themselves !" echoed several, from different parts of the tent, their faces hardly visible through the increasing smoke. " Why, 'what's in the wind now ? " i% A good deal more than a great many of you think," continued the Adjutant. " I think I see the dav/ning of considerable difficulty. The Colonel, you recollect, was compelled to correct our Division- General in some of his commands, to prevent con- fusion ; and the General, although clearly in the wrong, submitted with a bad grace ; and then at the last review you all remember how r a whiffet chanced to yelp at the heels of the Staff horses, and how the General — it was after three, you recollect, — d d the puppy and its ancestry, particularly its mother, until his Staff tittered bejiind him, and the Regiments of his command, officers and men, particularly ours, fairly roared. And then, too, when General Bum- side saluted the colors, and requested Pigey to ride along, how he started off with his Staff', leaving us all at a ' Present Arms ;' and how the quick eye of Old Joe saw the blunder ; and how he called the General's attention to it/without effect, until ' Bur- ney' sharply yelled out, ' General, you had better bring your men to a shoulder, sir;' and then, how 256 UED-TAPE AND the General, amid increased tittering and laughter, rode back, and with a face like scarlet squeaked out — 'Division ! Shoulder arms !' Now I have heard that the General blames the Field Officers of our Regi- ment with a good deal of that laughter ; and that and this Sutler matter will make him provide a pretext for another Court-martial at an early day." "Double, double, toil aud trouble," said the poetical Lieutenant. " Why, the Adjutant talks as if he could -see the witches over the pot; certainly — . ' No lateuess of life gives him mystical lore." " JSTo, but— ' Coming events cast their shadows before " continued the Adjutant, finishing the couplet. " I do not know that any gift of prophecy is given unto me, but I will venture to predict that the pretext will be that very order, — outrageous and unreason- able as it is, — that our Brigadier not only flatly and positively refused to obey before he left, but told his command that it was unlawful and unreasonable, and should not be obeyed. " " What ! that dress-coat order," cried the Western Virginia Captain, springing to his feet ; " compel a man who has two new blouses, and who belongs to a regiment that came out with blouses and never had dress-coats, to put a dress-coat in his knapsack besides, when his clothing account is almost ex- hausted, and the campaign only half through. Is that the order you mean ? By George, you must think that old Pigey is only going to live and do PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 257 business after three o'clock in the afternoon, if yoti think that he will insist upon that order. Our Bri- gadier did right to disobey it. Old Ilosey would have put any officer in irons, who -" "But, Captain," resumed the Adjutant, " unfortu- nately we are not in Western Virginia, and not under old Ilosey, as you call him, but in the Army of the Potomac, where Red Tape clogs progress more than Virginia mud ever did, and where posi- tion is attained, not so much by the merit of the officer, as by the hold lie may be able to get upon the favoritism of the War Department." "Is it possible," continued the Captain, thrusting his hands into the lowest depths of his breeches pockets, and casting upon the Adjutant a half inquir- ing, half reflecting look, " that this Regiment, which the General himself admits is one of the best disci- plined in his Division, and which has been one of the most harmonious and orderly, is to be imposed upon in this way by a whimsical superior officer, who, whatever his reputation for science may be, has shown himself over and over a«;am to have no sense ! I tell you, our men can't stand it. Just look at my own Company, for instance, nearly all mar- ried men, families dependent upon them for support, and now wdien they have each two lined blouse>, as good as new, and their clothing account about square, they are to take seven dollars and a half of their hard earned pay — more than half a month's wages — and buy a coat that can be of no service, and that must be thrown away the first march. I do not believe that the Government designs that our Volunteer Regiments should be compelled to take both blouses and dress coats. The General had bet- ter enter into partnership with some shoddy con- 258 RED-TAPE AND tractor, if he intends giving orders of this kind. I tell you, the men will not take them." " Come, Captain, no ' murmuring or muttering ' against the powers that be," said the Adjutant. '* The men wiU'either take them, in case the order is made, or go to the Rip-raps. I am inclined to think that the Field Officers will not see the men imposed upon. And at the same time they will not bear the brunt of disobeying the order themselves, and not let 'the men run any risk. It is hard to tell," conti- nued the Adjutant, in a measured tone, refilling his pipe as he spoke, " what it will result in ; but Pigey is in power, and like all in authority, has his toadies about him, and you may make up your minds that he will not be sparing in his charges, or in the testi- mony to support them. Our Colonel and Lieut.-Col- onel, I know, feel outraged at the bare idea of being subjected to such an order. They are both earnest men, have both made heavy sacrifices to enter the service, and have never failed in duty, although, like most volunteer officers of spirit, they are somewhat res tiff under authority. The Colonel, being an old soldier, and thoroughly acquainted with his work, is especially restiff under the authority of an officer so poorly fitted for his position as our Division Gener- al. But our turn must come. Every Regiment in the Division has suffered from his Court-martial ling and studied interference, and so far we have been fortunate enough to escape. And with the insight I now have, I believe the glandered horse and the little whiffet that yelped and disturbed the Gene- ral's ideas of a proper Review, will prove to be at the bottom of the whole matter. " Tom," interrupted the Captain, " you will have to put your record in better shape." PIGEOX-HOLE GENERALS. 259 " How can I do it? " said the Sutler. " By sending Pigey a bill for the three dollars yon paid to have the horse shot." The crowd boisterously applauded the proposition, and insisted upon its execution. Desultory conver- sation followed until " Taps" dispersed them to their quarters. Grumbling is claimed as a soldier's privilege, and the Sutler's tent being a lounging place when off duty, becomes a place of grumbling, much like the place of wailing that the Jews have on the outskirts of Jerusalem. A fortnight later saw the crowd in their old posi- tion, but with countenances in which it was difficult to say whether anxiety or anger predominated. "Fellows, it is terminating just as the Adjutant prophesied a short time ago in this very place," said a Captain slightly past the prime of life, but of vigorous build. "In trying to keep the men out of dress coats, the Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel have got themselves into all manner of trouble, and there is no let-up with old Pigey. I saw them this morning both as cheerful as crickets, and determined to have the matter thoroughly investigated." " Did they intimate any opinion as to what we ought to do?" inquired the Adjutant. u Not a word. In that respect they say just as they did before they were placed in close confine- ment, that it is a case in which each man must act for himself. They are willing to shoulder the re- sponsibility of their own acts, and were very indig- nant when they heard that Pigey had ordered the otherBrigade underarms, and two pieces of artillery to be trained upon our camp, as if the whole Regi- ment was guilty of mutiny, when there was not at 260 EED-TAPE AND the same time a more quiet or orderly Regiment in camp." "They understand," remarked the Adjutant, "however, why that was done. The General must have something to justify this unusually harsh treat- ment. A charge of simple disobedience of orders would not do it, so he charges them with mutiny, and trumps up this apprehension and parade to ap- pear consistent. The Lieutenant-Colonel anticipated it, I know. I heard him say, while under simple arrest, that he believed that after three o'clock they would be placed in close confinement, and on the strength of it some letters were sent by a civilian giving full details. Well, I am glad that they are in good spirits." " In the very best," replied the Captain, "although the General starts as if he intended giving them a tough through. The Sibley that they were turned into late last night, was put up over ground so w T et that you couldn't make a track upon it without it would fill with water, and the Lieutenant-Colonel had to sleep upon this ground with a single blanket, as it w r as late when his servant Charlie came to the guard with his roil of blankets, and the General would not permit him to pass. In consequence he awoke this morning chilled, wet through, .and with a fair start for a high fever. And then they are denied writing material, books, even a copy of the Regu- lations. The General relented sufficiently, to tell an aid to inform them, that they might correspond with their families if they would submit the corres- pondence first to inspection at Division Head-quar- ters ; to which they replied — that 'the General might insult them, but could not compel them to humiliate their families.' No one is permitted to PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 261 see them unless by special permission of the Gene- ral." \ " And when I saw those three guards to-day pa- cing about that Sibley," excitedly spoke the Vir- ginia Captain, " I felt like mounting a cracker-box in camp and asking the men to follow me, and find out on what grounds, this puss-in-boots outraged in this way men more well-meaning and determined than himself in the suppression of this rebellion. But it will all come right. They are not to be crowded clear out of sight in a single day. One of my men told me that he was present on duty when that wharf-rat of an Adjutant, that the exhorting Colonel is trying to make an Adjutant-General of, came into the General's tent with the Lieutenant- Colonel, and he said that the General asked the Colonel whether he was still determined to disobey the lawful order of his superior officer, the Com- manding General of the Division? "'The legality of the order is what I question,' said the Colonel. ' An order to be lawful should at least be reasonable. That order is unreasonable, unjust to the men, and I cannot conscientiously obey it.' " ' This money for the coats does not come out of your pocket,' said the General, blandly. 'Why need you concern yourself about it ? ' " ' It comes out of the pockets of my men, Gene- ral,' said the Colonel, ' and I consider it my duty to concern myself sufficiently to prevent imposition upon them.' " ' Tut,' said the General. ' You wouldn't hear a Regular officer say that.' " ' The greater shame for them,' said the Colonel. ' My men "are my neighbors and friends. They look' 262 RED-TAPE AND to me to^otect their interests. As a general thing the Regulars are recruited from the purlieus of great cities, and are men of no character.' "'Colonel,' said the General, sternly, 'listen to this detinition of ' Mutiny,' and then, as you are a lawyer, think of your present position.' "The Colonel heard it read and replied that ' it had nothing whatever to do with the case, as there was no mutiny, nor even an approach to it.' Con- sidering the time of day, the General, so far, had been unusually cool, but he could keep in no longer. " ' Colonel,' said he, in a loud, angry tone, as he advanced towards him, ' by G d, sir, you are mu- tinous, sir ! ' " ' General,' replied the Colonel, coolly, and look- ing him full in the eye, ' with all due deference to your superior rank, permit me to say, that if you say I am guilty of mutiny you overstep the bounds of truth.' " The Colonel's confident manner rather staggered the General, and he turned to the Adjutant, who has been his runner throughout this matter, and called upon him to substantiate his assertion ; which he did. " With the remark that he would not dare to make such false assertions away from the General's head- quarters, the Colonel turned upon him indignantly, and the General called for the Provost Guard to conduct him to the Sibley. Now I tell you, fel- lows," continued the Captain, " the General will make nothing out of this matter." " He has his malice gratified by the present punishment he is subjecting them to, as if fearful that they might come unharmed from a Court-mar- tial. But I don't believe that he will be able to PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 263 get the Regiment into dress coats," remarked the Adjutant. The Adjutant was right. The Regiment did not get into dress coats ; although its Colonel and Lieu- tenant-Colonel slipped into strait -jackets. 264 BED-TAPE AND CHAPTER XVIII. Dress Coats versus Blouses — Military Law — Bill the Cooh — Courts Martial — Important Decision inMi'itary Law — ' A Man with Two Blouses on 1 can be compelled to put a Dress Coat on top — A Colored French Cook and a Beefy-browed Judge- Advocate — The Mud March — No Pigeon-holing 'on a Whiskey Scent — Old Joe in Gommand — Dissolution of Partnership between the Dutch Doctor and Chaplain. NECESSITY knows no law. Military law springs from the necessity of the case, and may be said, therefore, to be equivalent to no law. However plausible the principles embodied in the compact periods of Benet and De Hart may -appear, in actual practice they dwindle to little else than the will of the officer who details the court. General Officers, tried at easy intervals, before pains-taking courts, in large cities, may have opportunity for equal and exact justice ; but Heaven help their inferiors who have their cases put through at lightning speed, before a court under marching orders, and expecting mo- mentarily to move. The Act of Congress, with a wise prescience of the jealousies and bickerings always arising between Regulars and Volunteers, provides that .Regulars shall be tried by Regular, and Volunteers by Volun- teer Officers. In practice, the spirit of the law is PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 265 evaded by the su bterfuge, that a Regular Officer, tem- porarily in command of "Volunteers, hpro tempore a Volunteer Officer. In the Mexican War, where the number of Volunteer Officers was comparatively small, there may have been a necessity for this. With our present immense Volunteer force there can be none whatever ; and the practice is the more inexcusable, when we consider the great amount of legal as well as military ability among the officers of this force. The gross injustice of this violation of the act, must be apparent to any one upon a moment's reflection. Officers, whose only offence may be their belonging to the Volunteer Service, are too frequently subjected to the tender mercy of a Board of Mar- tinets ; — men of long service and tried ability, degraded by the fiat of a court composed of officers as tender in intellect as in years, and whose only recommendation to be members of the court, is their recent transfer from lessons in gunnery and drills, — with patent leather knapsacks, to field or higher positions in the Volunteer Service. Thus, the officer whose earnestness in the cause and heavjr sacritice of family ties and business affairs, first raised the com- mand, — who grew with its growth during months, perhaps years, of hard service, — saw through his un- tiring efforts the awkwardness of his men change gradually for the precision of the veteran, — not unfre- quently by the snap judgment of men whose only service has been in Pay, Quartermaster, Com- missary Departments, — anywhere but in a Fighting Department, — finds himself dishonored, his service thrown aside for naught, and his worst enemy the misuse of the laws he had taken arms to vindicate. Not an officer or soldier but must recollect a case in point. Now, this mainly arises from the undue 12 266 BED-TAPE AND and unjust deference paid by the "War Department to Regular Officers, and the cnrse that attends them and upholds them — Red Tape. Undue and unjust deference. Does not the history of the Army of the Potomac prove it? Its heroic fighting, but ill-starred generalship ! * * * * "Halloa, Bill! what news from the Sibley?" shouted one of a group of officers who sat and lay upon the ground, cheerfully discussing hard tack and coffee in the camp of a grand picket reserve, near the Rappahannock. The man addressed would, in build, have made a good recruit for the armies of New Amsterdam in their warfare against the Swedes, so graphically described by Irving. Short and thickly set, with a face radiant as a brass kettle in a preserving season, trousers thrust in a pair of cast-away top boots, the legs of which fell in ungainly folds about his ancles, a greasy blouse, tucked in at the waist-band, and a cap ripped behind in the vain effort to accommodate it to a head of Websterian dimensions. With all his shortcomings, and they were legion, Bill's education, unfailing humor and kindness of heart made him a favorite at regimental Head-quarters, where he had long been employed as an attendant. When the sickness of the Lieutenant- Colonel grew serious in the Sibley, Bill took his post by the side of his blankets, and in well-meaning atten- tion made up what he lacked in tenderness as a nurse. "Nothing new since the trial," drawled out Bill, seating himself meanwhile, and mopping with his coat sleeve the perspiration that stood in beads upon his forehead. " Since the trial !" echoed the officer. " Why, they have not had notice yet, and the General said PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 2G7 he would give them ample opportunity for prepara- tion for trial." " So he did," continued Bill. "They were put into the Sibley on Monday night, and on Tliursdav night following, about half-past ten, when it was raining in torrents, and storming so that the guards and myself could scarcely keep the old tent up, that sucker-mouthed Aid of old Pigey's popped his head inside the flaps and handed the Colonel and Lieut. - Colonel each a letter. Both letters went on to say, that their trial would take place the next day, at ten o'clock, at Pigey's Head-quarters, and that each letter contained a copy of the charges and specifica- tions, and that, in the meanwhile, they could prepare for trial, provide counsel, and so forth. The best part of two sheets of large-sized letter paper was filled with the charges against each, all in Pigey's hand-writing. 1 Disrespectful language towards the General Commanding Division ;' 'Conduct tending to Muti- ny ;' ' Disobedience of Orders,' and ' Yiolation of at least half a dozen different articles of war.' The ink was green yet, as if it had all been done after three o'clock. The Lieutenant-Colonel, you know, told that wharf rat of an Adjutant before the General, that he would not dare to make such mis-statements away from Division Head- quarters. Well, on the strength of that, he had him charged with sending a challenge to fight a duel, and telling his superior officer that he lied. Lord ! when I heard them read, I thought they ought to be. thankful that one of the darkies about Division Head- quarters hadn't died in the meanwhile, or there would have been a charge of murder. It might just as well, at any rate, have been murder as mutiny, that we all know. Time for trial ! — lots of time ! Just 268 RED-TAPS AXD the time to hunt a lawyer, consult law books, and drum up testimony." " Timed purposely, of course," broke in the offi- cer, indignantly, " and the Court, no doubt, packed to suit. But," his face brightening, " there is an appeal to Father Abraham." " It is all very well to talk about Father Abra- ham," continued Bill, in the same drawling tone ; " but if you have to hunt up Honest Old Abe through the regular military channels, as they say you have to, he'll seem about as far off as the first old Father Abraham did to that rich old Cockey that had a big dry on in a hot place." " Bill," said the officer, as he saw the crowd in- clined to laugh at the remark, " this is by far too serious a matter to jest about. Here are two men of character and position, devoted to the cause body and soul, completely at the mercy of an officer whose conduct is a reproach to his command, and who is malicious alike in deeds and words." " Especially the latter," interrupted Bill, more hurriedly than before. " The Colonel says he was chief witness, and swore the charges right straight through, without wincing. The judge Advocate, they said, was a right clever gentlemanly fellow, but ignorant of law, and completely at the disposal of the General. I saw him several times when I was pass- ing backwards and forwards, and he looked to me as if the beef was a little too thick on the outside of his forehead, for the brains to be active inside. Still, the Colonels have no fault to find with him, except that between times he would talk about drinking to Little Mac, and brag about the prospect, as the papers seem to say, of Fitz John Porter's being cleared. But then most of the Court did as much at that as PIGEON-HOLE GEXEEALS. 209 he did. He did liis duty in the trial, I guess, as well as his knowledge and old Pigey's will would allow." " Well, Bill, give us some particulars of the trial.-, if you know them," suggested an officer of a neigh- boring regiment — the party during the conversation being increased by additions of officers and privates. " 1 only know what I saw passing back and forth, and what I heard from the Colonels themselves. They wouldn't allow any one to go within three yards of the tent in which they held Court ; but I'll give you what I have, although to do it I must go back a little : — Before it was light on the day of trial the Major posted off to our Corps Commander with an application for a continuance, on the ground of want of time for preparation. About daylight the General came out, rubbing his eyes, wanting to know who that early bird was ? " i Playing Orderly, sir,' said he, as his eye lit upon the letter in the Major's hand. ' Fine occupa- tion for a man of six feet two, with a Major's straps npon his shoulders.' " The Major wilted till he felt about two feet six, but mustered presence of mind sufficient to tell the General his errand, and how his personal solicitude had prompted him to perform it himself. The Gen- eral heard him kindly ; stated that he had no doubt but that the Court'would act favorably upon the application, and that it should be referred to them. The Court, when it met, acted favorably, so far as to give the Colonel, who was tried first, fifteen minutes to hunt a lawyer. But they wouldn't let the Lieut. - Colonel act, as he was a party, and several others were excluded on the ground of being witness . although they took good care not to call them. Both 270 EED-TAPE AND pleaded guilty to the ' simple disobedience of orders,' and the Court was ashamed to try them upon anything besides but the ' disrespectful conduct ; ' in regard to which old Pigey's assertions were taken, instead of the circumstances being proved. The Colonel was too indignant at the treatment to set up any de- fence, but the Lieutenant-Colonel cross-examined old Pigey until his testimony looked like a box of fish-bait. The General swore that he had given him 1 the lie,' but upon being questioned by the Colonel, stated that ' he did not believe the Colonel intended to call his personal veracity into question.' In the same manner he had to explain away that duelling charge. At last he got so confused that he would ram wood into the stove to gain time, bite the ends of his moustache, play with the rim of his hat, and when cornered as to the Lieutenant-Colonel's cha- racter as an officer, to relieve himself, stated ; — that he must say that the Colonel had hitherto obeyed every order with cheerfulness, promptitude, great zeal and intelligence, and that his intercourse with the Commanding General had been marked by great courtesy at all times." The Colonel also stated further, that he had tes- timony to contradict that Adjutant, or Wharf-Pat, as you know him best by. He had told me. before the trial to tell that young law student, Tom, a private of Co. C, who heard the conversation that the Adjutant had testified to, to be within call- ing distance during the trial, with his belt on, hair combed, and looking as neat as possible. Well, in Tom came, his face and eyes swelled up from a bad cold, a stocking that had been a stranger to soap and water for one long march at least, tied about his neck to cure a sore throat, his belt on properly, but PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 271 his blouse pockets stuffed out beyond it with six months' correspondence, and his matted and bleached head of hair, through the vain effort to comb it, re- sembling the heads of Feejee Islanders, in Sunday- school books. A smile played around the lips of the gentlemanly old Massachusetts Colonel, who pre- sided over the Court, as he surveyed him upon entering, and a titter ran around the Board, especi- ally among some of the young West-Pointers. The Colonel's face colored, and the Judge Advocate's eyes glowed as if he had a soft block. But Tom w T as a singed cat ; he always was a slovenly fellow, you know, and he turned out to be a file for the viper. " ' Colonel,' said the Judge Advocate haughtily, S have you any officers who are prepared to vouch for the character and credibility of this witness, as I see he is but a private ? ' " ' Yes, sir, if the Court please,' retorted the Colo- nel indignantly, — then remembering how this same Judge Advocate had upon former occasions affected to despise privates, he added : ' His character and credibility are quite as good as those of half the shoulder-strapped gentry of the Corps.' " ' Colonel,' said the President, blandly, i there is an old rule requiring privates to be vouched for, rarely insisted upon, at this day, however,' casting, as he said this, a half reproachful look upon the Judge Advocate ; ' but we desire you to understand that your word is as good as that of any officer before this Court.' " The Colonel vouched for him, and Tom was examined, and contradicted still further than his own cross-examination had done, the statement of the Adjutant, besides snubbing the Judge Advocate handsomely. A string of witnesses, from our Briga- 272 HED-TAPE AND dier down to all the line officers of the command, was then offered to prove character, but the Court very formally told the Colonel that a superior offi- cer, the Commanding General of the Division, had already testified to this, and that this rendered the testimony of officers inferior in rank quite superflu- ous. So you see from this and Tom's case, Justice don't go it blind in Courts-Martial, but keeps one eye open to see whether the witness has shoulder- straps on or not." " But, Bill," inquired a lawyer in the crowd, " did not the Colonel offer to prove that the Regi- ment was amply supplied with clothing, and that the order was unreasonable, and that it was not therefore a lawful order, as the law is supposed to be founded upon reason ? " " Oh, yes, both did ; but the Lieutenant-Colonel was told by the President, that if General Burnside were to order the President to make a requisition in dog-days for old Spartan metal helmets for his Regi- ment, he would make the requisition.' " Said the Colonel, ' the President of the United States is by the Regulations empowered to prescribe the uniform.' " ' That,' said the President, i General Burnside must judge of. I must' execute the order, however unreasonable it may seem, first, and question it afterwards.' " ' Suppose the General would order yon to black his boots ; or,' said the Colonel, thinking that a little too strongly put ; ' suppose that you were second in command of a battery lying near a peaceful and loyal town, and your superior, drunk or otherwise, would order you to shell it, would you obey the order, and question it after having murdered half riGEON-HOLK GENERALS. 273 the women and children of the place?' To which questions, however, the Court gave the go-by, remarking simply, that they did not suppose that the Colonel had any criminal intentions in disobeying the order. So, really, it is narrowed down to the dis- obedience of, to say the least, a most uncalled for order." " And faithful, well intentioned officers are, for what is at most but an honest blunder, treated like felons," said one. " From their lively and confident manner," said Bill, "I believe that they have assurances from Washington that all will be right. There is no tell in g how long the Lieutenant-Colonel will last under this confinement, however. He has failed greatly, and although so weak as to be unable to walk alone, the General insists upon the guards being upon either side whenever -he has occasion to leave the tent. Even the sinks were dug at over one hundred yards distance from the Sibley. And the tent itself is located in such a maimer that old Pigey can at all times have his vengeance gratified by a full view of it, the three guards about it, and my assisting the Lieutenant-Colonel from time to time. But the guards esteem, and we all esteem the officers inside the Sibley more than the General, who abuses his power in his marquee. Letters and newspapers come crawling under the canvas. Boast partridges, squirrels, apples, and delicacies that officers and men deny themselves of, find their way inside, and while my name is Bill Gladdon they shan't suffer through any lack upon my part, and I know that this is the opinion of all of us." " You all recollect the Sibley," said a Lieutenant, " that stands in the rear of old Pigey's marquee, in 12* 274 RED-TAPE AND which he gave the collation after the last corps re- view, and welcomed onr officers as he steadied him- self at the table, with ' Here comes my gallant 210th.' The Court met in that." " Yes," resumed Bill, " the same. It stands near his cook tent, and while his darkies were serving up French cookery, the Judge Advocate did the work allotted him in endeavoring to justify by the trial, in some slight manner, the General's outrageous con- duct. I heard that Tom said, that after the Judge Advocate had asked that he be vouched for, and the Colonel became indignant, the Judge Advocate said somewhat blandly, u ' You must remember, Colonel, that this is not one of your ordinary Courts of Justice.' " ' That it is not a Court of Justice,' retorted the Colonel, ' is very apparent.' " Both were put through in a hurry, at any rate. The different members of the Court said that they all had marching orders, and they had no sooner left the Sibley, than they were upon horseback and on the gallop towards their different commands. Our Doctor had detailed an ambulance to take the Colonels in the rear of the Division. Old Pigey, in his usual morning survey of the premises, saw it in front of the Sibley, and sent an Orderly to take the rather lively, good-looking bays that were in it and exchange them for jthe old rips that haul the ambu- lance his cooks ride in. But we did not move then, although they say we will certainly to-morrow." That inevitable " they say," the common prefix to rumors in camp as well as civil life, had given Bill correct information. For next morning, in spite of the lowering sky, the camps were all astir with busy PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 275 life, and during the course of the forenoon column after column trudged along over the already Boft roads in a south- westerly direction. The movement was the mad desperation of a Commander of un- daunted energy. A vain effort to appease that most capricious of masters, popular clamor. The rains descended, and that grand army of the Potomac literally floundered in the mud. In an old field, thickly grown with young pines, very near the farthest point reached in the inarch, our Itegiment rested towards the close of the last day of the advance, or to speak more truly, attempted advance. Fatigued with the double duty of strug- gling with the mud and corduroying the roads, the repose w T as heartily welcome. "It does a fellow good to feol a little frisky," sang, or rather shouted, a little Corporal, whom we have met before in these pages, as he made ridicu- lous efforts to infuse life into heels clodded with mud. " Talk as you please about old Pigey, boys, he's a regular trump on the whiskey question. He'll cut red-tape any day on that. Don't you see the boys ?" continued the Corporal, addressing a crowd reposing at full length upon the freshly cut pine boughs, con- spicuous among whom was the Adjutant ; — pointing as he spoke to several men in uniform, but boys in years, who were being forced and dragged along by successive groups of their comrades. "Couldn't stand the Commissary — stomachs too tender. Ha ! ha ! Pigey and myself are in on that." " What is up now, Corporal ? " queried the Adj u- tant. " Nothing is up ; it's all down," retorted the Cor- 276 RED-TAPE AND poral, in a half serious air, as he saluted the Colonel respectfully. "You see, Adjutant, they are bits of boys at any rate, just from school, and the Commis- sary was too much for their empty stomachs. I was sent back to hurry up the stragglers, and while we were catching up as rapidly as possible, old Pigey came ploughing up the mud alongside of us, followed by that sucker-mouthed Aid. I saw at once that Division Head-quarters had a good load on. With a patronizing grin, said the General stop- ping short alongside of a wagon belonging to another corps, and that was fast almost up to the wagon-bed, while the mules were fairly floating, ' What's in that wagon ? ' and without waiting for answer, ' whiskey, by G — d,' he broke out, snuffing at the same time towards the wagon. ' Boys, unload a couple of barrels,' he continued, good-humoredly, as if trying to make up for the outrage he has just committed upon the Regiment. The driver protested, and the wagon guards said that it could not be taken without an order ; but it was after three, and old Pigey ripped and swore that his order was as good as any- body's, and the guards were frightened enough to let our boys roll out two barrels. ~No pigeon-holing on a whiskey scent ! One barrel he ordered up to his head-quarters, and the head of the other was knocked in, and he told us to drink our fill, and at it the boys went. Tin cups, canteens, cap-covers, anything that would hold the article, were made use of, and they are a blue old crowd, from the General down. The boys had had nothing but a few hard- tack during the clay, and it was about the first driuk to some, and from the way it tastes it must have been made out of rotten corn and not two months old, and altogether straggling increased considerably." PIGEON-HOLS GENERALS. 27 7 "Straggling ! why they are wallowing ]jk ( > ] K >rrs in the mud, Adjutant ! It is a shame, and if Borne one of my superiors will not prefer charges against the General and his Adjutant, I will. Mm of mine are drunk that I never knew to taste a drop before," indignantly exclaimed the Western Virginia ( laptain, as, with hat off, face aglow with perspiration, eyea flashing, and boots that indicated service in taking the soundings of the mud on the march, he came panting up with rapid strides. " Now, sir, fourteen of my best men are drunk — the first drunken man I have had during the campaign — and I'll be shut to death with musketry sooner than punish a. single man of them." " But discipline must be kept up," said the Adju- tant. " Discipline ! do you say, Adjutant ? " retorted the Captain. "If you want to see discipline- go to Divi- sion Head-quarters. Why old Pigey is prancing around like a steed at a muster, — crazy ! absolutely crazy! His cocked hat is more crooked than ever, and the knot of his muffler is at the back of his neck, and the ends flying like wings. Just a few minutes ago he stopped suddenly while on a can- ter, right by one of my men, lying along the road- side, that he had made drunk, and chuckled and laughed, and lolled from side to side in his saddle, and then at a canter again rode to another one and w T ent through the same performance. And his Ad- jutant-General — why one of my men not ten minutes ago led his horse to Head-quarters. He was so drunk, actually, that his eyes looked like those shad out of water a day, — his feet out of the stirrups, the reins loose about his horse's neck, his hands hanging listlessly down, and the liquor oozing out 278 BED-TAPE AND of the corners of his sucker mouth. And there he was, his horse carrying him about at random among the stumps, and officers and men laughing at him, expecting to see him go over on the one side or the other every moment. Now, it is a burning shame. And I, for one, will expose them, if it takes the hide off. Here are our Colonels confined just for no offence at all, — for doing their duty, in fact, — and this man, after having Court-martialed all that he could of his command, trying to demoralize the rest by whiskey. Now, sir, the higher the rank the more severe the punishment should be. Just before we started Barney had an order read that we were about to meet the enemy, and that every man must do his duty. And here is a General of Division, in command of nine thousand men, as drunk as a fool." " Let Pigey alone on the whiskey question, Cap- tain," interrupted the Corporal, who had in the meantime been refreshing his inner man by a pull at his canteen. " He's a regular trump — yes," slap- ping his canteen as he spoke, " a full hand of trumps any time on that topic. Like other men, he drinks to drown his grief at our poor prospect of a fight." "A fine condition he is in to lead men into a fight ; — but not much worse than at Fredericksburg," slowly observed the Preacher Lieutenant, who, as one of the crowd, had been a listener to the story of the Captain. " Drunkenness has cursed our army too much. But we cannot consistently be silent in sight of conduct like this on the part of Com- manders. The interests of our men" " Have a care, Lieutenant," quietly observed the Adjutant, " how you talk. i The interests of the men' have placed our Colonels under guard in the Sibley." " Not bolts, nor bars a prison make," resumed PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 279 the Preacher more spiritedly, "and I would sooner have a quiet conscience in confinement, than the reproach of disgraceful conduct and command a Division." Corduroying the entire route had not been pro- posed, when the army commenced its movement ; but it became apparent to all that progress was only tolerable with it, and without it, impossible. On the day after the above conversation, the army com- menced to retrace its steps. Some days, however, intervened before the smoke ascended from their old huts, and the men in lazy circles about the camp fires rehashed their recollections of the " mud march." Like our repulse at Fredericksburg, it was, as far as our Commander-in-Chief was concerned, a mis- fortune and not a fault. A change in command was evident, however, and the substitution of the whole-hearted, dashing Hooker for the equally earnest but more steady Burnside, that took place in the latter part of January, occasioned no surprise in the army. The new Commander went much farther, than old attachments had probably permit- ted his predecessor in going, in removing McClel- lanism. Grand Divisions were abolished ; rigid inquiries into the comforts and conveniences of the men were frequent, and senseless reviews less fre- quent. Bakeries were established in every Brigade, and fresh bread and hot rolls furnished in whole- eome abundance, to the great benefit of the Govern- ment, for hospital rolls were thereby depleted, and reports for duty increased. Rigid discipline and daily drills too were kept up, as " Old Joe" was a frequent visitor, when least expected. His constant. solicitude for the welfare of the men, manifested 280 RED-TAPE AXD by close personal attention, which the men them- selves were witness to, rather than by concocted newspaper reports, by which the friends of the soldier in their loyal homes might be imposed upon, and the soldier himself not benefited, endeared him to his entire command. One clear, cold morning, during these palmy days of the army, the men of the regiment nearest the Surgeon's Quarters were greatly surprised by the sudden exit of a small-sized sheet iron stove from the tent occupied by the Surgeon and Chaplain, closely followed up by the' little Dutch Doctor in his shirt sleeves, sputtering hurriedly — "Tarn schmoke pox!" and at every ejaculation bestowing a vigorous kick. At a reasonably safe distance in his rear was the Chaplain, in half undress also, remonstrating as coolly as possible, — consider- ing that the stove was his property. The Doctor did not refrain, however, until its badly battered frag- ments lay at intervals upon the ground. " Efry morn, and efry morn, schmoke shust as the Tuyfel. I no need prepare for next world py that tarn shmoke pox. Eh V ' continued the Doctor, facing the Chaplain. " Come, Doctor," said the Chaplain, soothingly, " we ought to get along better than this in our de- partment." " Shaplain's department ! Eh ! * By G — t ! One Horse-Doctor and one Shaplain enough for a whole Division !" The sudden appearance of Bill, the attendant upon the Colonels in the Sibley, at the Adjutant's quarters, had the effect of transferring hither the crowd, who were enjoying what proved to be a PIGEOX-HOLE GENERALS. 281 final dissolution of partnership between the Chap- lain and the Doctor. "I know your errand, Bill," remarked the Ad- jutant, looking him full in the face. "An orderly has just handed me the General Order. But what is to become of the Lieutenant-Colonel ?" , "You only have the order dismissing the Colonel, then. There was a message sent about ten o'clock last night, a little after the General Order was received at the Sibley, stating that at day-break this morning the Colonel should be escorted to Aquia under guard, and that before leaving he should have no intercourse whatever with any of his command. Old Pigey also tried further to add insult to injury, by stating that the Lieutenant-Colonel, who cannot, from weakness, walk twenty steps, even though it would save his life, would be released from close confinement, and might have the benefit of Brigade limits in our new camp ground for exercise. You know that is so full of stumps and undergrowth that a well man can hardly get along in it." " So an officer of the Colonel's merit and services," remarked the Adjutant, " was dragged off before daylight, and disgraced for what was in its very worst light but a simple blunder, made under the most extenuating of circumstances. Boys, if there be faith in Stanton's pledged word, matters will be set right as soon as the record of the case reaches the War Department. I am informed that he denounced the whole proceeding as an outrage, and telegraphed the General; and we all know that the General has been spending a good portion ofthfl time since the trial in Washington." " And he came back," observed Bill, " yesterday morning, in a mood unusual with him before three 282 RED-TAPE AND o'clock in the afternoon. He had his whole staff, all his orderlies and the Provost Guard out to stop a Maine Regiment from walking by the side of the road, when the mud was over shoe top in the road itself, — and he flourished that thin sword of his, and raved and swore and danced about until one of the Maine boys wanted to know who ' that little old Cockey was with a ramrod in his hand, — 'and that set the laugh so much against him that his Aids returned their pistols and he his sword, and he sneaked back to his marquee, and issued an order requiring his whole command to stand at arms along the road side upon the approach of troops from either direc- tion." " Which," remarked the Adjutant, "if obeyed, would keep them under arms well nigh all the time, and would provoke a collision, as it would be an insult to the troops of other commands, to whom the road should be equally free. But it is a fair sample of the judgment of Pigey." PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 283 CHAPTER XIX. TJte Presentation Mania — The Western Virginia Captain in the War Department — Politeness and Mr. Secretary Stanton — Capture of the Dutch Doctor — A Genuine Newspaper Sell. PRESENTATIONS by men to officers should be prevented by positive orders ; not that the recipients are not usually meritorious, but the prac- tice by its prevalency is an unjust tax upon a class little able to bear it. A costly sword must be presented to our Captain, — intimates a man perhaps warmly in the Captain's confidence. Forthwith the list is started, and with extra guard and fatigue duty before the eyes of the men, it makes a unanimous circuit of the command. Active newspaper reporters, from the sheer merit of the officer, may be, and may be from the additional inducement of a little com- pensation, give an account of the presentation in one of the dailies that tills the breasts of the officer's friends with pride, while the decreased remittance of the private may keep back some creature comfort from his wife and little ones. Statistics showing how far these presentations are spontaneous offer- ings, and to what extent results of wire-working at'Head-quarters, would prove more curious than creditable. Our Brigade did not escape the Presentation 284 RED-TAPE AND Mania. Never did it develop itself in a command, however, more spontaneously. The plain, practical sense of our Brigadier was the more noticeable to the men, on account of its marked contrast to the quibbles and conceit of the General of Division. The officers and men of the Brigade had with great care and cost selected a noble horse of celebrated stock upon which to mount their Brigadier, and, on a pleasant evening in March, a crowd informally assembled was busied in arranging for the morrow the programme of presentation. The General of Division, so far in the cold in the matter, was just then making himself sensibly felt. " Colonel," said an officer, who from the direction of Brigade Head-quarters neared the crowd, address- ing a central iigure, " you might as well take the General's horse out to grass awhile." " Explain yourself," say several. " Pigey has his foot in the whole matter nicely. The General, you know, just returned this evening from sick leave. Well, he and his friends, who came with him to see the presentation ceremonies, had not been at Head-quarters an hour before that sucker-mouthed Aid made his appearance, and said that he was directed by the General Commanding the Division to place him under arrest. The fellow was drunk, and the General hardly deigned to notice him. As he staggered away, he muttered that there were fifteen charges against him, and that he would find the General's grip a tight one." u Amid exclamations, indicating tha't the per- plexity of the matter could not prevent a sly smile at the ludicrous position in which the Brigadier and his friends from abroad were placed, the officer continued — PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 286 " But the General brings good news from Wash- ington. The Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel of the 210th return at an early day." _ " Yes, sir, that is so," broke in our Western Vir- ginia Captain, who had just returned from enjoying one of the furloughs at that time so freely dis- tributed. " At last the War Department, or rather Mr. Secretary Stanton, for all the balance of the department, as far as I could learn, thought the delay outrageous, fulfils its promise. After the Lieutenant-Colonel had been at home on a sick leave for some time, and we all thought the matter about dropped ; what should I see one day but his name, with thirty-two others, in a daily, under the head of ' Dismissals from the Army.' There it was, dismissed for doing his duty, and published right among the names of scoundrels who had skulked live times from the battle-field ; men charged with drunkenness, and every offence known to the Military Decalogue. My furlough had just come, and I started for Washington by the next boat, bound to see how the matter stood. The morning after I got there, I posted up bright and earl} r to the War Department, but a sergeant near the door, with more polish on his boots than in. his manners, told me that I had better keep shady until ten o'clock, as business hours commenced then. I sat down on a pile of old lumber near by, and pa— I very nearly three hours in wondering why so many broad-shouldered fellows, who could make a sa!>re fall as heavy as the blow of a broad-axe, wlm-c lounging about or going backward and forward upon • errands that sickly boys might do as well. A- it grew nearer ten, able-bodied, bright-looking offic Kegulars, as I was told, educated at Uncle Sam's 286 . EED-TAPE AND expense to fight, elegantly shoulder-strapped, passed in to drive quills in a quiet department, ' remote from death's alarms,' and I wondered if some spirited clerks and schoolmasters thac I knew, who would have been willing to have gone bent double under knapsacks, if the Surgeon would have accepted them, would not have performed the duty better, and have permitted the country to have the benefit of the military education of these gentlemen." " I see, Captain, that you don't understand it," interrupted an officer. " Our Regular Officers are not all alike patriotic up to the lighting point ; and it is a charitable provision that permits one, say, — who is married to a plantation of niggers, or who has other Southern sympathies or affinities, or who may have conscientious scruples about fighting against our ' Southern brethren,' — to take a snug salary in some peaceful department, or to go on recruiting service in quiet towns, where grass- hoppers can be heard singing for squares, and where he is under the necessity of killing nothing but time, and wounding nothing but his country's honor and his own, if a man of that description can be said to possess any. In their offices, these half-hearted Lieutenants, Captains, and Colonels, are like satraps in their halls, unapproachable, except by passing bayonets that should be turned towards Richmond." " Well, if 1 don't understand it," resumed the Captain, " it is high time that Uncle Sam under- stood it. If these men are halfhearted, they will write no better than they fight, and I guess if the truth could be got at, they are responsible for most of the clogging in the Commissary and Quarter- master Departments. But you've got me off my story. At ten o'clock I staved in, just as I was, PIGEON-HOLE GENEHALS. 287 my uniform shabby, and my boots with a tolerably fair representation of Aqnia mud upon them. Pass- ing from one orderly to another, I brought up at the Adjutant-General's office, and there I was referred to the head clerk's office, and there a pleasant-look- ing, gentlemanly Major told me that the matter would be certainly set straight as soon as the court- martial records were forwarded ; that they had telegraphed for them again and again ; arid that at one time they were reported lost, and at another carried off by one of General Burnside's Stan Officers. As I had heard of records of the kind being delayed before, I intimated rather plainly what I thought of the matter, and told him that "l wanted to see the Secretary himself. He smiled, and told me to take my place in the rear of an odd- looking mixed assemblage of persons in the hull, who were crowding towards an open door. It was after two o'clock and after I had stood until I felt devotional about the knees, when my turn brought me before the door, and showed me Mr. Secretary himself, standing behind a desk, tossing his head, now on this side and now on that, with quick jerks, like a short-horned bull in fly time, despatching business and the hopes of the parties who had it from their looks, about the same time. Right manfully did he stand up to his work.; better than to his w r ord perhaps, if reports that I have heard be true." " A pretty-faced, middle-aged lady approached his desk, and I thought that I could see a rather awk- ward effort at a smile hang around the upper corners of his huge, black beard, as his eye caught her fea- tures through his spectacles, and he received her papers. .But the gruff manner in which he told her 288 RED-TAPE AND the next moment that he would not grant it, showed I was mistaken. " ' But I was told, Mr. Secretary,' said the woman, in tremulous tones, ' that my papers were all right, and that your assent was a mere formality. I have three other sons in the service, and this boy is not' " ' I don't care what you have been told,' retorted the Secretary, in a manner that made me so far for- get my reverence that my toes suddenly felt as if disposed to propel something that, strange to say, had the semblance of humanity, and was not distant at the time, ' You had better leave the room, madam !' continued the same voice, somewhat gruffer and sterner, as the poor woman burst into tears at the sud- den disappointment. ' You only interrupt and annoy. We are accustomed to this sort of thing here.' " I looked at him as he took the papers of another for examination, and wondered whether we were really American citizens — sovereigns as our politi- cians tell us when on the stump, and whether he was really a public servant. But 1 couldn't see it. " Now, civility is a cheap commodity,, and, in my humble opinion, the least that can be expected of men filling public positions is that they should pos- sess it in an ordinary degree. " Three o'clock came, but it was not my turn yet. In fact, the treatment of the lady had so disgusted me, that I was quite ready to leave when a servant announced that business hours were over. That evening, I found out to my great satisfaction that men considerably more influential than myself had held the Secretary to the promises he had made them, and that notwithstanding all his backing and filling the order for their return would be issued." PIGEOX-IIOLE GENERALS. 289 The disappointment of the morrow was a standing topic in camp and on the picket line For the ensiling three weeks. The only doubt that existed with the Court convened for the trial of the Brigadier ap- peared to be whether the numerous charges excelled most in frivolity or malice, as a slight reprimand for writing an unofficial account of an engagement, — an oftence of which several members of the Court had, by their own confession, repeatedly been guilty, — was the sole result of its labor. His restoration to command, the presentation, and the return of the Colonels followed in rapid succession amid the re- joicings of officers and men. — Amid the waste of meadow and woodland that characterized the face of that country, the houses of the farmers, or rather, to use the grandiloquent language of the inhabitants, " the mansions of the planters," were objects of peculiar interest. In their quaint appearance and general air of dilapidation, they stood as relics of the civilization of another age. Centuries, seemingly, of important events in the law of progress are crowded into years of our campaigning. The social status of a large country semi-civilized — whether you regard the intelligence of its people or the condition of its society — is being suddenly altered. The war accomplishes what well-designing men lacked nerve and ability to execute — emancipation. The blessings of a purer civilization will follow as naturally as sunshine f< >1- lows storm. And yet here and there these old buildings would be varied by one evidently framed upon a Yankee model. Such was what was widely known in the army as " the Moncure House." On a commanding site at the ed^e of a meadow several miles in length, 13 290 EED-TArE AND and that seemed from the abrupt bluffs that bordered it to have been once the bottom of a lake, this two- story weather-board frame was readily discernible. Its location made it a prominent point, too, upon the picket line, and it was favored above its fellows by daily and nightly occupancy by officers of the com- mand. At this period the Regiment almost lived upon the picket line. An old wench, with several chalky complexioned children, whose paternal an- cestor was understood to be under a musket of Eng- lish manufacture perhaps, somewhere on the south side of the Rappahannock, occupied the kitchen of the premises. She was unceasing in reminding her military co-lodgers that the room used by them as head-quarters, — from the window of which you could take in at a glance the line expanse of valley, threaded by a sparkling tributary of the Potomac, — was massa's study, and that massa was a preacher and had written a "right smart" lot of sermons in that very place. In the eyes of Dinah the room was invested with a peculiar sanctity. Not so with its present occupants, who could not learn that the minister, who was a large slaveholder, had remem- bered "those in bonds as bound with them," and who were quite content that artillery proclaiming " liberty throughout the land" in tones of thunder had driven away this vender of the divinity of the institution of slavery. In this room, on seats rudely improvised, for its proper furniture had long since disappeared, some officers not on duty were passing a pleasant April afternoon, when their reveries of other days and rehashes of old camp yarns were interrupted by the sudden advent of an officer who a week previously had been detailed* in charge of a number of men to form PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 291 part of an outer picket station some distance up the river. His face indicated news, and he was at once the centre of attraction. " Colonel!" exclaimed he, without waiting to be questioned, " two of our best men have been taken prisoners, and the little Dutch Doctor " "What has happened to him ?"from several at once. " Was taken prisoner and released, but had hie horse stolen." His hearers breathed freer when they heard of the personal safety of the Doctor, and the officer con- tinued — " And the loss of our men and his horse has all happened through the carelessness, — to treat it mildly, — of the exhorting Colonel. He is in com- mand of the station, and yesterday afternoon tho Doctor was on duty at his head-quarters. In came one of the black-eyed beauties that live in a house near the ford, about half a mile from the station, boo-hooing at a terrible rate — that the youngest rebel of her family was dying with the croup — and that no doctor was near — and all that old story. The Colo- nel was fool enough to order the Doctor to mount his horse and go with the woman. "Well, the Doctor had got near the house, when out sprang two Missis- sippi Riflemen from the pines on either side of the road and levelled their pieces at him. The Doctor had to> dismount, and they sent him back on foot. Luckily the Colonel, who, as black Charley says, has been praying for a star for some time past, had borrowed the Doctor's dress sword on the pretence that it was lighter to carry, but on the ground, really, that it looked more Brigadier-like, or lie would have lost that too. I was on duty down by the river hardly two hours after it happened, and as 292 RED-TAPE AND there is no firing now along the picket line the sol- diers were free-and-easy on both sides. All at once I heard laughter on the other side, and looking over, I saw a short, thick-set Grey-back riding the stolen horse near the water's edge. Presently two other Grey-backs sprang on either side of the horse's head, and with pieces levelled, in tones loud enough for us to hear, demanded his surrender. « i Why, shentlemen Rebels, mem Gott, you no take non compatants, me surgeon,' said the Grey- back on the horse, in equally loud voice. " ' No, d — n you ! Dismount ! We don't want you. You can be of more service to the Confede- rate cause where you are. But we must have the nag.' u ' Mine private property,' he replied, as he dis- mounted. " ' In a horn,' said one of the Grey-backs, pointing to the U. S. on the shoulder of the beast. * That your private mark, eh ? ' " i You no shentlemen. By G — t, no honor,' re- torted the Grey-back who personated the Doctor, as he swelled himself and strutted about on the sand in such a high style of indignation as to draw roars of laughter from both sides of the river. "That rather paid us with interest for the way we sold them the day before. You know they have been crazy after our dailies ever since the strict general order preventing the exchange of the daily papers between pickets. Well, that dare-devil of a law student, Tom, determined to have some fun with them. So when they again, as they often had before, came to the river with hands full of Rich- mond papers, proposing exchange-, Tom flourished a paper also. That was the old signal, and forthwith PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 293 a raw-boned Alabamian stripped and commenced wading toward a rock that jutted up in the middle of the rive*. Tom stripped also, and met him at the rock. Mum was the word between them, and each turned for his own shore, the Grey-back with Tom's paper, and Tom with several of the latest Richmond prints. A crowd of Rebel officers met their messenger at the water's edge and received the paper. The one who opened it, bent nearly double with laughter, and the rest rapidly followed as their eyes lit on the stars and stripes printed in glowing colors on the first page of the little religious paper that our Chaplains distribute so freely in camp, called ' The Christian Banner.' One old officer, apparently of higher rank than the rest, cursed it as he went up the bank as a 'd d Yankee sell, — ' which did not in the least lessen our enjoyment of Tom's success. " But with our two men and the Doctor's horse they have squared accounts with us since, and all through the fault of the Colonel." In response to inquiries as to how, when, and where, the officer continued — "There was a narrow strip of open land between a belt of woods and the river. The Colonel posted our two men on the inside of the woods, where they had no open view towards the enemy at all. That rainy night this week the Rebs came over in boats and gobbled them up. The Colonel attributed their loss to their own neglect, and next morning their placevwas supplied by four old soldiers, as he called them, from his own "Regiment. That same day at noon, in broad day-light, they were taken." " And if he were not a firm friend at Divi sion Head-quarters there would be a dismissal from 294 RED-TAPE AND the service for cause," said an officer of the crowd. " Our Corps Commander is too much^f a soldier to let it go by," resumed the officer, " if our Briga- dier can force it through Division Head-quarters, and bring it to his notice." The order that introduced into the service the novelty of carrying eight days' rations on a march, had been discussed for some time in the Regiment. That night the Regiment was withdrawn from the picket line, and preparations were forthwith made for a practical illustration of the order on the mor- row. PIGEON-IIOLE GENERALS. 295 CHAPTER XX. The Army again on the Move — Pack Males and Wagon Trains — A Negro Prophetess — The Wilderness — Hooped Skirts and Black Jack — The Five Days' Fight at Chancellor sville — Trrible Death of an A'jed Slave — A Pij eon-hole General's u Power in Reserve." IT was some weeks after a Rebel Picket, opposite Falmouth, had surprised one of our own, who had not as yet heard of the change in the usual three days' provender for a march, by asking him across the river " whether his eight days' rations were mouldy yet?" that the army actually commenced its movement. While awaiting the word to fall in, this mass of humanity literally loaded with army bread and ammunition resembled, save in unifor- mity, those unfortunate beings burdened with bundles of woe, so strikingly portrayed in the Vision of Mirza. To the credit of the men, it must be stated, however, that the greatest good-humor prevailed in this effort to render the army self-sus- taining in a country that could not sustain itself. Another novel feature in the movement was the long strings of pack mules, heavily freighted with ammunition, which were led in the rear of the differ- ent Brigades. Wagon trains were thereby dispensed with, and the mobility of the army greatly increased. 296 RED-TAPE AND Stringent orders were issued also as to the reduction of baggage, and dispensing with camp equipage and cooking utensils. In lively ranks, although each man was freighted with the prescribed eight days' provender and sixty rounds of ball cartridge, our Division, of almost 9,000 men, moved, followed by two ambulances to pick up those who might fall by the way, in the rear of which were five additional ambulances for the especial use of Division Head-quarters. For a General of whom reporters had said that " he was most at home in the field," the supply of ambulances, full of creature comforts, was unusually heavy. On we moved over the familiar ground of the Warren- ton Pike, in common with several other Army Corps in a grand march ; our Division, with its two ambulances ; our General with his five, — and our proportionate number of pack horses and mules. The obstinacy of the latter animal was sorely punished by the apparent effort during that march to teach it perpetual motion. Halt the Division did statedly, but there was no rest for the poor mule. Experience had taught its driver that the beast would take advantage of the halt to lie down, and when once down no amount of tugging and swearing and clubbing could induce it to rise. Hence, while the command would enjoy their stated halts by the wayside, these strings of mules would be led or driven in continuous circles of steady toil. Despite the vigilance of their drivers, a mule would occasionally drop, and his companions speedily follow, to "Stand a siege of kick's, cuffs, and bayonet pricks, and to be reduced, or what would be more appropriate in their case, raised at length by the application of a mud plaster to the nostrils, which would bring riGEOX-IIOLE GENERALS. «j V the beast up in an effort to breathe freely ; from whieh may arise the slang phrase of*' brinffiDfi it up a snorting. Onward they marched, those wearers of the cross, the square, the circle, the crescent, the star, the lo- zenge, and the tripod ; emblemed representatives of the interests of a common humanity in the triumphal march that the world is witness to, of the progress of Universal Emancipation. Landed aristocracies of the Old World may avow their affinity to the aristocracy of human flesh and blood that has so long cursed the New ; but now that the suicidal hand of the latter has caused the forfeit of its existence, we are the centre of the hopes, fear?, and prayers of the univer- sal brotherhood of man in the effort to blot out for ever the only foul spot upon our national escutcheon. " De Lor bress ye. I know yex all. Yez, Uncle Samuel's children. Long looked for come at las," said an old wench on the second day of our march, enthusiastically to the advanced ranks of our Division, as they wound around the hill in sight of Mt, Hollv Church, on the main road to Kelly's Ford, curtesy ing and gesturing all the while with her right hand, as if offering welcome, while with her left she steadied on her head the cast-away cover of a Dutch oven. A pair of half-worn army shoes covered her feet, and the folds of her tow gown were compressed about the waist, beneath a black leathern belt, the brass plate of which bearing the letters " U. S.," wore a conspicuous polish. " Massa over yonder," continued she, in response to a query from' the ranks, pointing as she spoke across the river. " Hope you cotch him. Golly he'um slyer than a possum in a hen-roost." 13* 298 KEP-TAPE AND The anxiety of the wench for the capture of her master, and her statement of a pre-knowledge of the visit of the troops, were by no means excep tional. Rarely indeed, in the history of the Rebel- lion, has devotion on the part of the slave to the interest of the master been discovered. The vaunted fealty that would make his cause their own, lacks practical illustration. An attempt to arm them will save recruits and arms to Uncle Sam. Nat Turner's insurrection developed their strong faith in a day of freedom. Their wildest dreams of fancy could not have pictured a more auspicious prelude to the realization of that faith than the outbreak of the Rebellion. Well might *• Massa tink it day ob doom, But we ob Jubilee." The face of the country at this point was adorned by the most beautiful variety of hill and dale. Com- pared with the region about Aquia, it had been but little touched by the ravages of war. When it shall have been wholly reclaimed under a banner, then to be emphatically " the Banner of the Free," an inviting door will open to enterprising business. A few miles further on we rested on our arms upon the summit of a ridge overlooking that por- tion of the Upper Rappahannock known as Kelly's Ford. The brilliant cavalry engagement of a few weeks previously, that occurred npon the level ground in full view above the Ford, invested it with peculiar interest. Who ever saw a dead cavalryman ? was a question that had been for a long time uttered as a standing joke. Hooker's advent to command was attended by a sharp and PIGEON-HOLE G EXE HALS. 209 stirring order that speedily brought this arm of the service to a proper sense of duty. Among the first fruits of the order was this creditable light. While no excuse can be given for the slovenly and ungainly riding, rusty sabres, and dirty ac- coutrements, raw-boned and uncurried horses that had too often made many of our cavalry regi- ments appear like a body of Sancho Panzas thrown loosely together ; it would still be exceedingly unfair to have required as much of them as of the educated horsemen and superior horse-flesh that gave the Rebel cavalry their efficiency in the early stages of the war. Since then the scales have turned. Fre- quent successful raids and resistless charges have given the courage, skill, and dash of our Gregg, B u ford, Kilpatrick, Grierson, and others that might be named, honorable mention at every loyal fireside. "While on the top of this ridge, Bush's regiment of lancers, with lances in rest and pennons gaily fluttering beneath the spear heads, cantered past the regiment. Their strange equipment gave an orien- tal appearance to the columns moving toward the ford. With straining eyes we followed their move- ment up the river and junction with the cavalry then crossing at a ford above the pontoons. The Begiment had been almost continually broken np for detached service, at different head-quarters, or for the purpose of halting stragglers. With many .of the men, their service appeared like their equip- ment, ornamental rather than useful, and in con- nexion with their foraging reputation, won for them the expressive designation of "Pig Stickers." Darkness was just setting in when our turn came upon the pontoon bridge, and it was quite chirk when we prepared ourselves, in a pelting rain, for 300 RED-TAPE AND rest for the night, as we thought, in a meadow half a mile distant from the road. At midnight, in mud and rain, we resumed the march, in convoy of a pontoon train, and over a by-road which from the manner its primitive rock was revealed, must have been unused for years. The streams forded during that night of sleepless toil, the enjoined silence, broken only by the sloppy shuffle of shoes half filled with water, and the creaking wagons, the provoking halts that w*ould tempt the eyes to a slumber that would be broken immediately by the resumption of the forward movement, have left ineffaceable memo- ries. A somewhat pedantic order of " Accelerate the speed of your command, Colonel," given by our General of Division, as the head of the Regiment neared his presence towards morning, reminded us of the " long and rapid march" that the Commander- in-Chief intended the army to make. On the last day of April we crossed the Rapidan, fording its breast-deep current, considered too strong for the pontoons, and wondering, especially as the cannonading of the evening previous indicated re- sistance ahead, that our advance was not at this point impeded. Artillery planted upon the circling hills of the opposite shore would have made the passage, if even practicable, perilous to the last de- gree. As it was, however, in jmris naturalibus, with cartridge-box on the musket barrel, and the musket on the shoulder, clothing in many instances bundled upon the head, the troops made the passage. The whys and the wherefores of no opposition — the confidence of Old Joe having stolen a march upon Johnny Reb — and the usual surmises of the morrow — increased in this instance by our having surprised and captured some Rebel pickets when just about PIGEON-HOLE GENKRA IS. halting, constituted ample capital for conversation during our night's rest in a pine grove two mile* sou tli of the ford. With the Army of the Potomac the merry month of May had a lively opening. After a march from early dawn, we found our Division, about the middle of the forenoon, massed in a thick wood in the rear of a large and imposing brick building, which, with one or two buildings of minor importance, consti- tuted what was designated upon our pocket maps as the town of Chancellorsville. The region of country was most appropriately styled u The Wil- derness." A wilderness indeed, of tall oaks, and a dense undergrowth known as " black-jack." There were but few open places or improved spots. In one of the largest of these, at a point where two prominent roads forked, stood the large building above mentioned. The day previous General Lee and his staff had been hospitably entertained within its walls. Now our tine-looking Commander and his gay and gallant staff were busily engaged in its lower rooms, while the ladies of the house of Secesh sympathies kept themselves closely in the upper story, — their curiosity tempting them however, to occasional peeps from half-opened shutters at the blue coats below. At twelve, precisely, just as we had taken a posi- tion in the open ground abreast of the house, the sharp report of a rifled piece, followed quickly by the fainter explosion of a shell, was beard upon oar left. Another and another succeeded, — indicating that the wood was being shelled preparatory to an advance in that direction. Slowly we tiled to the left, proceeding by a narrow winding wood-road until the head of our column had almost reached the 302 RED-TAPE AND river. A sudden order at this stage for the right about created considerable surprise, which ceased shortly after, as the sharp rattle of musketry, now as if picket firing, and now swelling into a volleyed roar, told us of a Rebel movement upon our flank. That our advance upon them in that direction had been quite unexpected, was apparent from their hastily abandoned camp grounds ; rows of tents left standing, but slit from ridge-pole to pins ; abandoned caissons and ammunition ; and the tubs in which their rations of flour were kneaded, with undried dough in the corners. That they had rallied to re- gain their lost ground, was also apparent. " What's the matter, Dinah ? " shouted one of our boys to an active young* wench, who was wending her way from the direction of the firing as rapidly as the frequent contact of an extensive hooped skirt with the undergrowth would allow. " Dunno zackly, massa ! Don't like de racket at all down yonder," she replied, making at the same time vigorous efforts to release the hold some bushes ap- peared to have upon her, upon either side. A sudden roar of artilleiy, apparently nearer by, brought mat- ters to a crisis, and screaming "Oh, Lor," she loosened her clothing, and sprang out of the skirt with a celerity that showed the perfection of muscular deve- lopment, and won shouts of applause from the ranks. A sharp engagement was in progress upon a lower and almost parallel road. The roar of cannon, the explosion of shells, the rattle of musketry, — now ragged as if from detached squads, — and now volle # y- ed as from full ranks, mingled with the shrill cheers or rather demoniac yells of the Rebels, pealing their ban- ner cry of " Hell," in their successive charges, and riGEON-HOLE GENERALS, 303 the gruff hoarse shouts of our troops, as they duly repulsed them, formed a most martial accompani- ment to our march. The unity of pound of well executed volleys, told us how Sykes's Regnlan at- tacked, whilst marching hy the flank, halted at the word, faced to the left with the precision of an ordinary drill, and delivered their fire with murder- ous exactness. A few stray bullets flying in the direction of a temporized corral of pack-horses in a corner of the wood in the rear of the brick house, frightened their cowardly drivers, who commenced a stampede to the rear; and as we emerged from the road to our old position, the beasts were rapidly divesting them- selves of their packs, in their progress through the undergrowth. In conjunction with this the frequent and fierce charges of the Rebel massed columns, favored by the smoke of the burning woods, made a panic imminent among the troops upon the lower road. The quick eye of old Joe saw the danger in a moment, and rushing from the house and spring ing upon his horse, he dashed down that road unat- tended, his manly form the mark of many a rebel rifle. Shouts of applause greeted him, and the con- tinuous rattle of our musketry told us of the regain l'<1 confidence of the men, and the renewed steadiness of our line. It was now four in the afternoon — the usual time with the Rebels for the execution of their favorite movement — charging in massed columns. On they came in their successive charges, howling like fiende, and with a courage that would have adorned an honorable cause. The steady musketry, but above all the terrific showers of canister from cannon that thundered in doublets from right to left along the 304 RED-TAPE AND line of our batteries, could not be withstood, and they fell back in confusion. The nature of the ground did not permit an advance of our forces, and we were compelled to rest content with their repulse. An hour later our Division moved by still another road to the left, to a ridge in the neighborhood of Banks's Ford. Upon its wooded summit, with no sound to break in upon us save the screaming of whip-poor-wills, which the boys with ready augury construed to mean " whip-'em-well," and picket firing, that would occasionally appear to run along the line, we passed a comfortable night. Breastworks were the order of the day following, and at noon we were enjoying our coffee in a cleared space, behind a ridge of logs and limbs that fronted our entire Division, and which we would have been content to hold against any attacking force. Can- nonading continued at intervals, with occasional musketry firing. As it was considerably to our right, we were not disturbed in our enjoyment of supplies of provisions obtained from vacated Rebel houses in the neighborhood. Our amusement was greatly contributed to, by the sight of some of the men dressed in odd clothing of a by-gone fashion- able a^e. But perhaps the most interesting object was a Text-book upon the Divinity of Slavery, writ- ten by a Reverend Doctor Smith, for the use of schools ; its marked lessons and dirty dog-ears shew- ing that it had troubled the brains and thumbs of youthful Rebels. Instilled into infant minds, and preached from their pulpits, we need not wonder that they, with the heartless metaphysics of northern sympathy, should consider slavery " an incalculable blessing," and should now be in arms to vindicate their treason, its legitimate offspring. PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. SOfi Cannonading had been frequent during the day ; its heavy booming at times varied by the light rati] the rifle. From four until eleven p.m. it was a conti- nuous roar, save about an hour's intermission b«-tween Ave and six. At first sounding sullenly away to the right, then gradually nearing, until at nightfall mus- ketry and artillery appeared to volley spitefully al- most upon our Division limits. It was apparent that our line had been broken, and apprehending the worst we anxiously stood at arms and awaited the onward. Nearer and nearer the howling devils came; loader and louder grew the sounds of conflict. The fiercest of fights was raging evidently in the very centre of the ground chosen as our stronghold. If ever the Army of the Potomac was to be demoralized by the shock of battle, that was the time. But the feeling was not one of fear with our citizen soldiery — the noblest type of manhood — rather of eagerness for the troops in reserve to be called into. the contest. Just before six we heard an honest shout, as the boys would call the cheers of their comrades. It grew fainter ; the firing became more distant — slackened and ceased at six, to be resumed again at seven, upon another and more remote line of attack. The terrible distinctness of this alternate howling and cheering —as perceptible to the ear during the thunders of the fight, as the silver lining that not unfrequently fringes the heavily-charged cloud is to the eye, — is a striking illustration of the power of the human voice. We were to have another, however, and that of but a single voice, which from the agony of soul thrown into it, and its almost supernatural surroundings, must eternally echo in memory. About three hundred yards distant from the left of our Brigade line, in an open field, on elevated 306 RED-TAPE AND ground, stood a large and comfortable looking farm- house. In the morning it had been occupied ; but as its inmates saw our skirmishers prostrating them- selves on the one side in double lines that ran paral- lel to our breastworks, and the Rebel advance at the same time attain the edge of the wood upon the opposite side, — and the skirmishing that occasionally occurred along the lines giving promise of a fight that might centre upon their premises, — they packed up a few valuables and left for a place of safety. But not all. We read of noble Romans offering their lives in defence of faithful slaves. That species of self-sacrifice is a stranger to our Southern chi- valry. In the garret of the building, upon some rags, lay an old woman, who had been crippled from injuries received by being scalded some months before, and had thus closed a term of faithful service which ran over fifty years, of the life of her present master and of that of his father before him. Worn out, and useless for further toil, she had been placed in the garret with other household rubbish. Her poor body crippled, — but a casket, nevertheless, of an immortal soul, — was not one of the valuables taken by the family upon their departure. As the thun- ders of the thickening fight broke in upon her lone- liness, her cries upon the God of battles, alone powerful to save, could be heard with great distinct- ness. Isolated and under the fire of either line, there was no room for human relief. Her strength of voice appeared to grow with the increasing dark- ness, and above the continuous thunder of the cannon were the cries — " God Almighty, help me ! " " Lord, save me ! " " Have mercy on me ! " shrieked and groaned in all the varied tones of mortal agony. Long after the firing had ceased, in fact until we moved at PIGEOX-HOLE GENERALS. 307 early dawn, our men behind the works and in the rifle pits in front could hear with greater or less distinctness, as if a death wail coming up from the carriage of the field, the pigeons plaints of that terror- stricken soul. Rumor has it, that before the build- ing was fired by a shell in the middle of "the follow- ing forenoon, her spirit had taken its flight ; but whether or not, it could not mitigate the retributive justice to be measured out by that God over us all to whom vengeance belongs, upon the heads of the ingrates who had left her to her late. We moved, as we have before mentioned, at early dawn on one of those fair, bright Sabbath days so hap- pily spoken of by " good old George Herbert ;" march- ing b} T the right flank along our works, with a hurried step. It was between five and six when we n eared the front, — passing on our way out, hostsof stragglers and disorganized regiments of the Eleventh Corps. They had suffered badly — some said, behaved badly — and some said, posted in such a way that they could not but behave badly. The merits of the case must remain for decisive history. Conceding equally good general- ship to both, it is not amiss to say, that what happened under Howard might not have happened under Sigel. The desultory firing along our changed front showed too plainly the ground we had lost the day before. In the wood, alongside of the road fronting the right centre of our line, our Regiment lay at arm-, — lis; cu- ing to awfully exaggerated stories from stragglers, — ■ watching the posting of artillery in our immediate front, the entry of Brigades into the wood upon our left, and their exit under skilful artillery practice, — and now and then dodging at ihe sound of the stray shells sent as return compliments from Rebel batteries. " Good-bye, Colonel ; these brass-bull pups will 808 EED-TAPE AND roar bloody murder at Johnny Reb to-day," said a fine looking, whole-souled Lieutenant, in command of an Ohio battery, pointing to his pieces with pride, as he hurried by at a trot, to relieve a battery on our left centre. Poor fellow ! How blind we are to futurity ! His pieces were scarcely in position before a shell struck the caisson at which he was adjusting fuses, and his head, picked up at the distance of a hundred yards, was all that remained unshattered of his manly figure, after the explosion. Files of wounded upon foot, full ambulances, and stretchers laden with the more serious cases, passed us here. " I am done for, fellows," said a slightly built, pale-faced sergeant, resting upon his elbow, and pointing to his shattered side, as he was carried by on a stretcher ; " but stick to the old flag ; it is bound to win." His passage along the line was greeted with cheers, that must have sounded gratefully to ears fast closing to earthly sounds. But why individualize ? The heroism that may be told of such a day, is but a drop compared with the thousand untold currents of unselfish patriot- ism and high resolve that well up in the bosoms of our Union soldiers. Not that daring deeds are not performed by Rebel ranks, but — " True fortitude is seen in great exploits, That justice warrants, and that wisdom guides; All eise is towering frenzy and distraction." About nine in the forenoon, to the sound of lively musketry on our left, our Brigade left in front, PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 309 crossed the open space in front of the wood, and in the rear of a white plastered farm-house. A narrow wood-road led us into the wood, and filing to the left we connected with troops already in line of battle. The position was hardly taken before the zip! zip!! zip!!! of Minie balls informed us that we were objects of especial interest to Rebel sharp- shooters. In another minute flashes of flame and puna of smoke, that appeared to rise from among the dead foliage of the wood — so closely did their Butternut clothing resemble leaves — revealed a strong, well- formed, but prostrate Rebel line. The tiring now became general upon both sides. Fortunately our position was such that they overshot us. Our men continued to aim low, and delivered an effective fire. Three times they tried to rise preparatory to the charge, and were as often thrown into confusion, and forced again upon the ground. For nearly two long hours the rattling of musketry was incessant. Finally, the Rebels made the discovery that the sup- ply of ammunition was exhausted upon the right, and the right itself unsupported. It, of course, was the point to mass upon, and on they came in solid columns to the charge, completely outflanking our right. To hold the ground with our formation was simply impossible. The order to retire was given ; and facing by the rear rank — the Regiments preserving their ranks as best they could in that thicket of black jack, and carrying their wounded, — among them our Major, shot .through the chest — made their way to the open space in rear of the wood. The colors of our regiment were seized, — but the first Rebel hand upon them relaxed from a death shot, — another was taken with the Regiment, — and the flag brought off in triumph. So completely had 310 EED-TAPE AND they gained our flank that our ranks became mixed with theirs, and nothing but the opportune fire of our batteries prevented their taking away a Field Officer, who twice escaped from their hands. As our Brigade re-formed in the rear of the bat- teries, treble charges of canister swept the woods of the Rebel ranks. We had suffered heavily, but nothing in comparison to the destruction now visited upon the Rebels. To complete the horrors of the day, the wood was suddenly fired, evidently to cover their retreat, and the fire swept to the open space, enveloping in flame and smoke the dead and wounded of both sides ; and all this at the very time when throughout the length and breadth of this Christian land, thousands of churches were reso- nant with the words of the Gospel of Peace. But " Woe be unto those by w T hom offences come." " They have taken the sword, and must perish by the sword." So completely were the Rebels masters of the only available fighting ground that no further effort was made to advance our lines, and the army stood strictly upon the defensive. The open space, in which stood the Chancellorsville mansion, at this time a mass of smoking ruins, was in their posses- sion. At arms behind the breastworks we awaited the onset ; but although there was occasional firing, no general attack was made during the remainder of the day. With the thanks of our Copps Com- mander publicly given for services during the fight, our Brigade rested at night, speculating upon which side the heavy firing told then heard in the vicinity of Fredericksburg. During the next day we were stationed as a Reserve upon the right, and called to arms fre- PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 311 quently during the day and night, when the Rebels with their unearthly yells would tempt our artillery by charging upon the works. On the day after we were moved to support the centre, and kept continu- ally at arms. In tiie afternoon a violent thunder- storm raged — the dread artillery of Heaven teaching us humility by its striking contrast to the counter- feit thunder of our cannon. Rain generally follows heavy cannonading. All that afternoon and the greater part of the night it fell in torrents. Cannona- ding in the direction of Fredericksburg had ceased during the day. Sedgwick's disastrous movement was not generally known, — but our wounded had all been sent off; — our few wagon trains and our pack- horses had crossed, — and notwithstanding the show of tight kept up in front, enough was seen to indi- cate that the army was about to recross the Rap- pahannock. Favored by the darkness, battery after battery was quietly withdrawn, their respective Army Corps accompanying in Regiments of two abreast. The movement was in painful contrast to the spi- rited order that gave such a merry May-day to our hope upon the first of the month. In blouses that smoked that wet night around camp fires kept up for the purpose of misleading the enemy, our men stood discussing the orders, and the counter-orders, and what had happened, and what might hap- pen, from the step. Hooker had credit for the suc- cessful execution of his part of the programme. What was w T rong below was conjecture then, and does not yet appear to be certainly understood. " Where is Old Pigey ? " said one of a group of officers, suddenly turning to a comrade, as they 312 RED-TAPE AND stood about one of their camp fires. " He lias not been near our Brigade during the day." " No ! nor near the other, except to damn it in such a style as to draw down the rebuke of a supe- rior officer," replied the man addressed. " Follow me, if you desire to see how a l cool, courageous man of science,' one, whose face, as the Reporters say of him, ' indicates tremendous power in reserve,' meets this crisis." The two retired, and on a camp stool, with cloak wrapped closely about him, in front of a lire whose bright blaze gave him enormous proportions upon the dark background of pines, surrounded by his Staff, his hat more pinched up and askew than usual, and receiving frequent consolation from along, black bottle, evidently his power in reserve upon this occa- sion, the General was discovered in a pensive mood. " Do you know," continued the officer, " that he reports, as a reason for his absence to-day, that he did not consider it prudent to be near our Brigade during the loading and firing exercise." " The torturing of a guilty conscience," was the reply. " Our men, as true soldiers, know but one enemy in the field." ^ At length, at two in the morning of the 6th of May, we cautiously commenced our movement to the river. The dawn of a rainy day saw us formed in line of battle, supporting artillery planted to pro- tect the crossing. About eight our turn came upon the swollen stream. The rain pelted piteously as we ascended the steep slope of the opposite bank, and after a day's march over roads resembling rivers of mud, we slept away our sorrows under wet blan- kets, in the comfortable huts of our old camp ground. riGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 313 CHAPTER XXI. . TJic Pigeon-Hole General and his Adjutant under Charges — The Exhorting Colonels Adieu to the Sunday Fight at Chancellor sville ; Reasons thereof — Speech of the Dutch Doctor in Reply to a Peace- Offering from the Chaplain — The Irish Corporal stumping for Freedom — Black Charlie's Com- pliments to his Master — Western Virginia at the Head of a Black Regiment, " Head- Quarters, Division. " Army Corps, 7th May, 1863. " General Orders, ~No. 22. 6 ^ npHE term of service of six of the eight Regi- JL ments forming my Division is about to ex- pire. In the midst of the pressing duties of an active Campaign there is but little time for leave-taking, yet I cannot part from the brave officers and men of my command without expressing to them the satisfaction and pride I have felt at their conduct, from the time when I assumed command, as they marched through "Washington, in September last, to join the Army of the Potomac, then about to meet the Enemy, np to the present eventful period. " The cheerfulness with which they have borne the unaccustomed fatigues and hardships which it is 14 314 RED-TAPE AND the lot of the soldier to endure ; their zealous efforts to learn the multifarious duties of the soldier ; the high spirit they have exhibited when called on to make long and painful marches to .meet the enemy, and their bravery in the field of battle have won my regard and affection. I shall part from them with deep regret, and wish them, as the time of each regiment expires, a happy return to their families and friends. u 1 m " Brig. Gen'l Com'g Division." However profound the regret of the General at parting, he must, from the phraseology of the above Order, have been conscious, that in his own conduct was to be found the reason that such regret was not in the least reciprocated by his command. So com- pletely had he aliened the affections of officers and men that the ordinary salute in recognition of his rank was given grudgingly, if at all. When there is no gold in the character, men are not backward in proclaiming that they consider " The rank is but the guinea's stamp." As their campaign approached its close, he added studied insult to long continued injury. His incon- sistency, and willingness to make use of a quibble for the accomplishment of tyrannical purposes were shown by his non-approval of the requisition for dress coats, when it was handed in by the officer in com- mand of the .Regiment, a short time after the re- moval of the Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel for refusing to obey the order requiring it. Charges had been preferred against his Adjutant-General for PIGEOX-IIOLE GENEEALS. 315 repeated instances of " Drunkenness upon Duty,'' "Disgraceful Conduct," and " Conduct unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman." They were returned to the Brigadier, through whom they had been sub- mitted, with an insulting note, in which the General took occasion to state, by way of pre-judgment, that the charges were malicious and false, notwithstand- ing the scores of names appended as witnesses ; — and that no Volunteer Captain had a right to prefer charges against one of his Staff; and that, it was the duty of the Brigadier to discountenance any charges" of the kind. They were again forwarded, with the statement of the Brigadier, that the charges were eminently proper, and that he himself would pre- fer them, should objection be taken to the rank of the officer whose signature was attached. But pigeon- holing was a favorite smothering process at Division Head Quarters, and the drunken and disgraceful conduct of the Adjutant-General remains un- punished. Charges supported by a large array of reputable witnesses, ranking from Brigadier to Privates, were preferred against the General himself, for "Drunken- ness," " Un-officerlike conduct," u Conduct tending to mutiny," and the utterance of the following trea- sonable and disloyal sentiments : — "That he wished some one would ask the army to follow General McClellan to Washington, and hurl the whole d d pack into the Potomac, and place General McClellan at the head of the Government, — that the removal of the said General McClellan was a political move to kill the said General ; and that the army had better be taken to Washington, and turned over to Lincoln." 316 BED-TAPE AND The charges and specifications, of one of the latter of which the above is an extract, alleged that the offence was committed at Camp near "Warren ton, about the time of McClellan's removal. Whether they too have been pigeon-holed at Division Head- Quarters is not known. Attention to their merit was promised by superior officers. The patriotic sacrifices of our citizen soldiery are snrely worthy of an unceasing and unsparing effort to procure loyal, temperate, and capable commanders. A timely trial, besides affording a salutary example, might have done much in preventing the disgrace- ful Rebel escape at Williamsport, which alone dims the glory of Gettysburg. ******* The last that was seen of the exhorting Colonel and his Adjutant, was their sudden exit from the wood at Chancellorsville, in an early stage of Sun- day's fight, — the one with a slight wound, and the other with a headache caused by the cannonading, as alleged. A performance which has not, thus far, brought the coveted star. ****** ******* "I propose the health of the Assistant Surgeon," said the Chaplain, at a supper given by the Sutler on the day of our muster out, and the occasion of the presentation of a costly sword to our worthy Colonel, — proposing thereby to make an advance towards healing their differences. The Doctor could not escape ; and winking, as usual with him during excitement, he rose to his feet. " My ver goot kind friend, the English language he am a shtranger to me, No shpeak so goot as Shaplain, but py tarn," and the Doctor struck the PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. 317 table until the plates rattled — " was py the Shaplain over six month, and my opinion is, Shaplains, wo- men, and whiskey not goot for soldiers." The Doctor's look and tones w T ere irresistibly ludi- crous, and a roar of laughter at the expense of the Chaplain ran round the board. ****** The Regiment returned with ranks sadlv thinned. Many of the survivors ; among them, most of the Field and Staff, the poetical and the preacher Lieu- tenants, and privates Tom and Harry, — have re-en- tered service. The two latter now carry swords. Bill the cook is the presiding genius of a restaurant ; his face, in the way of reminding one of hot stews and pepper-pot, his best sign. Charlie, his assistant, was last noticed in a photographic establishment in Philadelphia, inclosing a full length card portrait of himself in uniform, as a Corporal in a Black Regiment, for the benefit of his master's family in Dixie ■£*•&##•*##*■#**■* The little Irish Corporal was heard to tell a brawl- ing peace man, — as he menaced with the stump of an arm, — lost at Chancellorsville — in a saloon a short time after his return, to " hould his tongue ; that the boys who had lost limbs in defence of the country were the chappies to stump for freedom, and that they would keep down all fires in the rear, while our brave boys are fighting in front." * * * * A late mail brings the news that our Western Vir- ginia Captain is soon to take the field at the head of a Black Eegiment, and that the happiest results are 318 RED-TAPE AND PIGEON-HOLE GENERALS. anticipated from his enforcement of military law and tactics, as learned by him under " Old Rosy," in Western Virginia. ********* Thus we go on. Necessity hastens the progress of civilization and freedom. Desolating war — pro- tracted by mistaken leniency — has educated the nation to a proper sense of the treason, and nerved it to the determination to crush it by all possible means and at every hazard. The man who has hereto- fore objected to Negro enlistments, acquiesces when his own name appears upon the list of the Enrolling Officer. The day that saw the change in the miser- able, not to say treasonable, policy of alienating the only real friends we have had in the South, and their successful employment as soldiers, stands first in the decline of the Rebellion. Its suppression is fixed, and is to be measured by the vigor with which we press the war. " Vengeance is secure to him Who doth arm himself with right." THE END, 3477-2