Class 
 Book_ 
 
 ^Q^ 
 
 Goipght]^^ 
 
 COP^fRluHT DEPOSn: 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 OF 
 
 >¥ 
 
 J 
 
 FRO]\r 
 
 D'IBERVILLE TO MCENERY, 
 
 BY 
 
 A LOUISIANAISE, 
 
 AS 
 
 A Contribution to the Exhibit of IVomaris IVork, 
 in the Louisiana State Department, 
 
 AT THE 
 
 World 8 Industrial and Kotton Kentennial Exposition, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA, 1884-85. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS: 
 
 A. W. riYATT, STATIONER AND PRTNTER, 78 CAMP ST.-:!1<10 
 1885. 
 
//i-D 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 OF 
 
 
 FIIOM 
 
 D'IBERVILLE TO MCENERY, 
 
 BY 
 
 A LOUISIANAISE, 
 
 AS ^_ ^ 
 
 ^ Contribution to the Exhibit of IVoinaiis IVork, ^^ /o, 
 in the Louisiana State Department, 
 
 AT THE 
 
 World's Industrial and Mm U\\mm^ Exposition, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85, 
 
 NEW ORLEANS: 
 
 A. \V. HYATT, STATIONER AND PRINTER, 73 e'AMP ST.-31601 
 1885. 
 
 ^nPYTO 
 
TO THE 
 
 Hon. C. J. BARROW, 
 
 Louisiana State Commissioner 
 
 AT 
 
 The World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
 
 New Orleans, La., 1884-85, 
 
 these Sketches are dedicated, in admiring recognition of his mvaluabi 
 
 services to the State. 
 
 ■■ail^p/i 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 15 
 
 laws of Tjoiiisiaiia foi- seven years with <>]'eat success ; he earnestly 
 endeavored to give satisfaction ; liis rule was most kindly and 
 Louisiana nourished under it. Wheii, at tlie completion of his 
 term, Ynzaga left Louisiana, he was as uni\ersally regretted as 
 he had beeu universally respected. 
 
 (JATA KZ. 
 
 (xalvez was at the youthful age of twenty-oue when he 
 became Governoi' of Louisiana in 1777. His administration was 
 I)ut a continuation of tlie excellent pcjlicy ot Ynzaga. He per- 
 mitted French shii)s to come from the West India Islands to 
 Louisiana in ballast and return loaded with the i^rodiice of this 
 country, it being paid for eithei- in silvei', bills of exchange, or 
 negroes from Guinea. He authorized the colonial vessels to load 
 with Pjuropean goods at Campeachy ami the Island of Cuba, 
 also to export the produce of th(^ colonies to France and the 
 United States: while at tlie same time all the ports of Spain 
 were open to them. 
 
 The duty on tobacco was re(hiced l)y (Jahez, and furs 
 admitted entirely free : lience. through him. Louisiana prospeied 
 commercially. By him immigi-ation was encouraged, and the 
 Government made to pay the expenses of those who desired to 
 settle in Louisiana, besides furnishing them with lands, cattle, 
 implements of agriculture, etc- 
 
 Galvez favored the cause of tlie American colonies against 
 England; with the cons<'nt of Spain he raised an army with 
 which he obtained possession of Baton Rouge, Fort Bute, Xatchez 
 and the foi-ts on the Amite. In 1 7S(), Galvez captured Fort Char- 
 lotte on IMobile Bay, and secui'cd the conquest of Florida by 
 that of Fort George. For all of these sei'vices Galvez was made 
 Brigadier General, then Major General ; he became Captain Gen- 
 eral of Louisiana and West F'loi-ida. with brevet of Lieutenant 
 General of the armies of the King and the cross of the order of 
 Charles III. In 1785, Galvez was promoted to the Captain - 
 generalship of the Island of Cuba, still retaining that of Lou- 
 isiana and West Florida ; he even continued to hold these 
 positions for some time after the King had appointed him Viceroy 
 of Mexico, which place had been rendered vacant by the death 
 of his father, Don Mathias de Galvez. 
 
Ifi BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 DOisT esteva:n^ miro. 
 
 Don Estevan Miro, Colonel of the Royal Army, who had 
 already acted as (lovernor of the province du^-ing a temporary 
 absence of (lalvez, succeeded him. The poj)nlation of Louis- 
 iana, at this time, 1784, amounted to twenty-seven thousand 
 foui- hundred and thirty-nine persons, while that of the city of 
 Xew Orleans was about five thousand. Within the sixteen 
 years during which Louisiana had belonged to Sj^ain, the number 
 of inhabitants had been more than doubled, and now was still 
 further multii^lied by the arrival of many Canadian families. 
 In 1786, Miro published a manifesto, declaring the principles 
 wliich were to control his administration. In this he strongly 
 advocated a holy observance of Sunday, the closing of all shops 
 and drinking saloons dnring divine service, condemned severely 
 the idleness and licentiousness so pi'evalent among free negroes 
 and quadroons, forbade the women from wearing feathers and 
 jewels, ordering a plain handkerchief to be their only head- 
 dress. Gaming, carrying of concealed weapons and duelling- 
 were strictly forl)idden. Tnhal)itants were prohil)ited from 
 leaving the colony without a passport, oi' Avithout giving secu- 
 rity for their debts. The manifesto contained, besides these, 
 many other wise regulations, some of which are still in force. 
 On Good Friday of 1788, a fire occurred in New Orleans, which 
 destroyed nine hundred houses, and a large quantity of merchan- 
 dise. The people of St. Domingo immediately aided the suffer- 
 ers from this disaster, by sending them a vessel laden with 
 materials for building. Miro availed himself of the misfortune 
 as an excuse to oj)en trade between New Orleans and the United 
 States. In 1791, the St. Domingo insurrection took place and 
 the population of Louisiana received an accession from its 
 refugees ; among them came a company of French actors, the 
 first which ever appeared in New Orleans. Miro being created 
 Major-General in the Spanish army, left Louisiana, to the great 
 regret of its whole community. 
 
 CARONDELET. 
 
 The Baron de Carondelet, having replaced Miro in 1792, 
 began his official life by lighting the town, for which end he 
 
Entered uccording to Act of Congress, in the Year 1885. by 
 
 C. J. BARROW, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Waohington, D. C. 
 
WORLD'S EXPOSITION,! 
 
 GOVERXMKNT BlTILDIXf'r. Loi'ISIAXA I)P:PAKT.M FAT. r 
 
 Nkw Okt.kans, Apiil 2r)tli. ISSf). j 
 
 To His Excellency G»v.S. D. :M(Kxr.i{Y, liaton Kouiie, I.a.: 
 
 Bear Sir — In snbniitting thpl)iograpliical .sketclifsul' Louisi- 
 ana's Governors, written by one of Louisiana's ablest daughters. 
 whose personal eiforts in behalf of the historical collection of 
 our State have done much towards its success, it affords uie 
 pleasure to acknowledge the work i)erfornied by the ladies and 
 Commissioners of Xew Orleans Tt will be seen by careful 
 examination that the ladies who have contributed and those who 
 have installed the magnificent display contained in the annex 
 of the space allotted to Louisiana, deserve the commendation of 
 the w^hole people of our State. The collection in this dej^art- 
 ment, including woman's work, is iinsuri^assed and has been 
 the admiration of visitors from all j)arts of the world, and such 
 another exhibit of priceless and precious relics, historical 
 reminiscences, etc., will, perhaps, never be brought together 
 again. It is to be regretted that the cost will prevent the 
 cataloguing of the whole exhibit as it is presented. 
 
 I desire here to place on record the acknowledgment of my 
 deep sense of gratitude to the ladies of the Committee of 
 Installation of this beautiful display and to return my sinceie 
 and grateful thanks for their a aluable assistance, among whom 
 should be sj)ecially mentioned Miss Amanda Stone, of Madison 
 Parish. 
 
 Yours very resijectfully, 
 
 C. J. BAREOW. 
 United States Commissioner for Louisiana. 
 
FRENCH DOMINION 
 
 D'IBERYILLE. Leader of Expedition ](;97 
 
 SAFYOLLE. First Royal Governor 1699 
 
 BIEXVILLE 171H 
 
 De L'EPINAY 1716 
 
 BIEI^VILLE .1718 
 
 BOISBRIAIfT— ad interim .1724 
 
 PEEIEE 1725 
 
 BIENYILLE 17:52 
 
 VAUDREUIL 1742 
 
 KERLEREC 1758 
 
 ABBADIE 1763 
 
 Louisiana, which, according' to Homann's map, p\iblislied at 
 Xuremberg, in Germany; about 1712, in its early days, begun at 
 the mouth of the Rio del Norte, ascended that river to the mouth 
 of the St. Paul ; thence by a line nearly north until it reached 
 33° north latitude; thence east through what are now the State*'* 
 of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana. Ohio, Kentucky, and Yirginia, to 
 the sources of tlu' James river; was discovered in 1683, by De hi 
 Salle, Father Lewis Hennepin, and the Chevalier Tonti. 
 
 D'IBERYILLE. 
 
 In 1607, Lenioine D' Iberville, a brave naval officer, accom- 
 l)anied by his brothei's, SauvoUe and Bienville, set sail with two 
 vessels from Rochefort, in France, to renew the explorations of 
 La Salle on the Gulf of Mexico. On March 20th, 1698, he 
 arrived at the mouth of the Mississippi and finally settled at 
 Biloxi. After accomplishing much important work he returned 
 to France to solicit assistance for the colony, leaving Sauvolle 
 in command of the Fort, and Bienville, the youngest brothei-, as 
 Lieutenant. December the 7th, 1699, D' Iberville landed in 
 Louisiana, having returned from France, and bi'ought to San- 
 voile his aiDpoiutment as Governor of Louisiana, by the King. 
 Bienville was appointed Lieutenant Governoi- and Boisbriant 
 commander of Fort Biloxi, with rank of Major. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 x\fter explorations up the Mississippi in which the Chevalier 
 Tonti joined him as far as I^^atchez (at that time called Rosalie, 
 by Iberville, in honor of the Countess Pontchartrain, wife of 
 the Chancellor, and marked ont as site of a future town), Iber- 
 ville departed again for France to obtain additional aid for the 
 colony (he returned with troops and pi-ovisions in 1701), 
 but did not remain many months in Louisiana. In 1708, he, 
 as a distinguished naval officer, found a great deal to occujjy 
 him in the Mar which broke out between Great Britain, Spain and 
 France ; he could not, therefoi'c. personally look aftei" colonial 
 matters, and sent iii his place his brother Chateaugue, with 
 seventeen men and imi)lements of agricnlture. After winning 
 celebrity by both land and sea, I)' Iberville died of yellow fever 
 in San Domingo (some say Havana), July 9tli, 1706, regretted 
 bitterly by the colonists and by France. 
 
 SAUVOLLE. 
 
 Sauvolle Avas the brother of D' Iberville and Bienville, and 
 first royal Governor of Louisiana, being api^ointed to that posi- 
 tion by Louis XIY in 1699. He was highly gifted mentally as 
 well as charming in disposition, fitted to honor any court, 
 brave, upright and true; but extremely delicate i)hysically; un- 
 able to stand the deprivations and sufferings which fell to the lot 
 of the colonists, worried in mind at his inability to protect them 
 from hunger and disease, his frail constitution broke down com- 
 pletely and he died suddenly at Biloxi, July 22d, 1701. 
 
 BIENVILLE. 
 
 Bienville was three times Governor of Louisiana, he suc- 
 ceeded his brother Sauvolle in 1 701, his second term began in 1718, 
 his third in 1732. During the first administration of Bienville, 
 Louisiana was greatly injured by the commercial monopoly 
 granted to Anthony Crozat for sixteen years; fortunately Crozat 
 resigned his rights in 1717, after complete failure in his under- 
 taking. Bienville, according to the King's desires, removed the 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 seat of the colouj^ from Biloxi, which he left under charge of his 
 cousin Boisbriant, to the western side of the Mobile river, near 
 the present site of Mobile City. It was to i)ien\ille that were 
 sent the first shii)ment of young girls from France as wives for 
 the colonists; in 1705 he was delighted by the arrival of two 
 sisters of charity, live priests, seventy-five soldiers, besides 
 twenty-five more young girls and a tiuantity of provisions, goods, 
 and ammunition. This same year an epidemic broke out in the 
 colony and thirty-five persons perished. Bienville had many 
 enemies, among those who were envious of him. La K^alle, in 
 particular, was opposed to him, and in 1707 an effort was made 
 to dismiss him from office and appoint DeMuys, instead, the 
 attempt, fortunately, was futile, for DeMuys just at this time 
 died in Havana, and Bienville remained Governor, ad interim, 
 until the arrival of Cadillac. 
 
 In 1718, Bienville became a second time Governor of Louis- 
 iana. The great trouble of the Colony was now the exclusive 
 trade privilege granted in 1717 to the Mississippi Company, 
 under John Law, for twenty-seven years ; the privilege was 
 returned to the King at the end of fourteen years ; it brought 
 about the ruin of many, but was the indirect cause of increased 
 prosperity in the commerce and agriculture of the Colony. The 
 present site of ^ew Orleans was fixed on for the building of a 
 city by Bienville in 1718; it was laid out, by his wish, in imita- 
 tion of Eochefort ; as early as 1723 it was made the seat of gov- 
 ernment ; "it contained at that time only a few wooden cot- 
 tages, a SI ore-house, a small chapel and two hundred inhabi- 
 tants," In May, of 1719, Bienville and his brother, Seringay, 
 appeared with their ships and troops before Pensacola, with the 
 purpose of capturing it, but the Spanish Governor made no 
 defense, and it capitulated immediately, its command being- 
 turned over to Chateaugue ; however, in two months it was 
 recaptured by the Spanish to fall once more in the possession of 
 France at a later date. 
 
 January of 1721, there arrived from France three hundred 
 colonists, and in March, two hundred from Germany. 
 
 In 1723, Bienville had much trouble with the Indians, and 
 with his personal enemies, who finally succeeded in having him 
 recalled to France in January of 1724, to answer the charges 
 they had made against him. 
 
6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 Before leaving Lonisiana he published in March the famous 
 ''Black Code/' 
 
 lu 1732, Bienville was re-appoiuted Governor of Louisiana, 
 and returned to it in ITo.), having been absent eight years ; he 
 found it in a bad condition from disease and lack of provision, 
 and the Indians in a state of disaffection. 
 
 In 1734, Bienville had the troops quartered for the first time 
 in comfortable bari-acks, \\hich he caused to be constructed iu 
 iS[ew Orleans on each side of the square. 
 
 In 1735 and 1736, there were great military preparations iu 
 the Colon} for the purpose of making expeditions against the 
 Indians. Bienville took his final departure from Louisiana in 
 174:1, after having distinguished himself in the wars with the 
 Indians. He was a man of genius, \igilant, courageous, 
 humane and conciliating in nature. France is under deep obli- 
 gations to him for his successful work in Louisiana. Pie died in 
 Paris, March 7th, 1707. 
 
 LAMOTHE CADILLAC. 
 
 In 1712, Louis granted to Anthony Crozat, a merchant of 
 the East Indies, the trade monopoly of Louisiana ; Crozat 
 immediately obtained of the King thatLamothe Cadillac, a Gas- 
 con by birth and captain of infantry in Canada, be appointed 
 <TOvernor in 1713, Bienville was retained as Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor, in the mistaken hope that with his experience and supe- 
 rior intellect he would guide Cadillac aright. The new Governor 
 possessed a long xjedigree, but an empty purse; his intellect 
 was limited, his self-conceit great; his disposition was a singular 
 combination of courage, pride, morality, piety, vindictiveness, 
 and disi>utatiousness. 
 
 In Canada Cadillac had gained some military reputation : 
 but in Louisiana he devoted all his energies to the discovery of 
 mines, from whence he hoped to derive an immense fortune. He 
 rendered himself obnoxious to the Indians whose affections he 
 alienated from France, and made himself ridiculous iu the eyes 
 of the colonists who nicknamed him the Black Prince, which 
 caused the negToes to suppose he was of African descent. This 
 soubriquet was giAcu him because he so constantly boasted an 
 ancestor of his had entertained the Black Prince under his roof. 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 Cadillac quarrelled with all of his subordinate officers, 
 especially Bienville, who had i-efused to marry his daughter. To 
 gratify his vindictiveness, he sent Bienville with a very interior 
 11 limber of tioops to make war against the numerous tribe of 
 Natchez Indians, who had murdered some Frenchmen; he hoped 
 Bienville would either be killed or prove so unsuccessful as to 
 be discharged from liis position : but Bienville was triumphant 
 and earned additional laurels. Cadillac was tinally recalled in 
 1710, much to llu- great joy of everyone. 
 
 L)E L'EPINAY. 
 I)e L'Epinay arrived in Louisiana March 9th, 1717, bring- 
 ing to Bienville the cross of St. Louis, and a royal patent con- 
 ceding to him by mean tenure in soccage Horn Island, on the 
 coast of the present Htate of Alabama. De L'Epinay soon dis- 
 agreed w illi Bienville; consequently two factions again divided 
 the colony, and quarrels among the officers were of constant 
 iccurrence. The most noted event during De L'Epinay's term 
 of office was the resignation by Anthony Crozat of his right of his 
 monopoly of Louisiana trade, which was caused by disgust at 
 failure to bring about increase of emigration to the country oj- im- 
 prove his own fortunes. Tiie trade privilege granted fo Crozat did 
 not cease to exist, it was only transferred by the Duke of Or- 
 leans, Regent during the minority of Louis XV, to a company 
 iiiidcj- a ^Scotchman by the name of John Law : this company 
 was tirst known as the West or Mississippi Company, and after- 
 wards as the (Company of the Indies. De L'Epinay occupied 
 the gubernatorial position for a few months only ; he caused 
 extreme dissatisfaction by wisely prohibiting the sale of liquor 
 to the Indians ; the colonists declared it to be their most protit- 
 able article of commerce and their most powerful source of 
 intiueuce over the Indians : hence they were pleased at De 
 L'Epinay's removal. 
 
 BOISBEIANT. 
 
 Bienville being called to France January 16th, 1724, to 
 answer charges made against him by his enemies in Louisiana, 
 his cousin, Boisbriant, was appointed Governor, ad interim. 
 
8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 The affairs of the Mississippi Company continued to dete- 
 riorate, the currency' of the colony to depreciate, and the popu- 
 lation to decrease in number: it having become reduced from 5400 
 white souls, which it was computed to be in 1721, to 1700 souls 
 in 1724. Louisiana was daily losing favor in the eyes of France, 
 and the government ordered that the greatest economy be used 
 in its affairs, even going so far as to compel the reduction of its 
 military forces from twenty companies to ten. 
 
 During his administration Boisbriant promulgated a law 
 for the protection of domestic animals, which was remarkably 
 severe, going so far as to order the death of a person who would, 
 without leave from proper authority, kill even his own cow or 
 ho]"se. 
 
 There being anticipation of war between Spain and England, 
 in which France, as ally of Spain, would be called upon to join, 
 Boisbriant issued a proclamation bidding the colonists to carry 
 to the King's warehouses at New Orleans and Mobile, all the 
 ammunition and provisions they could command, so as to be 
 ready for it. Boisbriant being soon after summoned to France to 
 answer complaints against his conduct, he was replaced by 
 Perier. 
 
 PERIER. 
 
 Perier became, in 1725, Boisbriant's successor. The India 
 Company, so as to attach him to its interests, presented him, 
 in addition to his salary, a tract of land fronting on the river, 
 besides a donation of eight negroes a year so long as he remained 
 in office. 
 
 Purler caused to be constructed the fii-st Louisiana levee in 
 1727; il was over a mile in length and eighteen feet broad at its 
 summit. This same year there arrived from France the Jesuit 
 Fathers and some Ursuline Xuns. To the first was granted a 
 portion of land, which afterwards became very valuable, and 
 within the limits of which are now situated St. Mary's Market, 
 St. Charles Hotel and the Cotton Exchange. This was after- 
 wards confiscated by order of the French Government, when the 
 Jesuits were expelled, in 1763. To the Ursulines also some laud 
 was given, and a yearly income which was to be continued until 
 
THE GOVERNOES OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 their plantation could be made to support them. A residence 
 was built lor them on Conde, now Chartres street; this they took 
 iwssessiou of in 1730. This same building was used in 1831 as 
 tlie State House, and is now the Archbishopric. The Ursuline 
 Nuns were intended for the care of Hospitals and the education 
 of young girls. A boys' school liad previously been started in 
 1724 by Father Cyril, a Capuchin friar. 
 
 In 1728, another interesting event took place, the arrival ol' 
 the tlrst of the casket girls from France. These were especially 
 chosen for their good conduct as wives for the colonists, and 
 were dowered by the King. The girls who had preceded them 
 had been taken from houses of correction . 
 
 In November of 1729, began the series of massacres by the 
 ^Natchez and other tribes of Indians which tilled the hearts of 
 the colonists for so long with terror. These had their origin in 
 the tyranny and rapaciousness of Chopart, the French ofticer 
 commanding the white settlement at Natchez. Perier resorted 
 to violent measures to make the Indians feel his power ; not 
 ouly did he meet them on the battlefield, and build many small 
 forts to protect the whites from them, but he caused the negroes 
 to cut the throats of the Caouaches, a small tribe living near 
 New Orleans, and which had threatened its safety. The negroes 
 obeyed his orders with promptness and secresy. He had four 
 men and two women j)risoners belonging to the Natchez tribe to 
 be burned to death as an example. He also permitted the 
 friendly Tunica Indians to burn a captured Natchez squaw with 
 great ceremonies on a platform erected in front of the city. 
 These acts of retaliation only enraged the savages more than 
 ever and caused them to commit other depredations, so that he 
 was compelled to send to France for soldiers to assist him. The 
 India Company, disheartened by the state of affairs, disappointed 
 in their anticipations, concluded they could no longer support 
 the expense of the colony and resigned their privilege of trade 
 monopoly to the King in 1731. There now occurred in Louisiana 
 a tinancial crisis, the result of the withdrawal from the money 
 market of the company's bonds. 
 
 In 1732, the Superior Council of Louisiana was reorganized, 
 with Perier as one of the King's Lieutenant Governors, and, iu 
 
10 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 1733. Bienville returned once mote to Louisiana as its Governor 
 for the third time. 
 
 Note.— A singular incident uccun-cd at the time of llie massacre of the wliites 
 at Natchez in 1729; the Indians spared the life of a man named Lebeau because he 
 was a tailor and compelled liim to retit all tlie ilotliiii'; of Hit- dead so as to be worn 
 by themselves. 
 
 VAUDEEUIL. 
 
 Vaudreuil succeeded to the administration of the ijrovince 
 in 1743 ; five years afterwards Louisiana was swept by a fearful 
 hurricane which destroyed all the rice crop, and, in 1748, the 
 orange trees were, foi- the tirst time, killed by the extraordinary 
 severity of the winter. A compensation for these losses came 
 to the colonists in 1751, when the Jesuits of St. Domingo sent 
 to their Order, on the Mississippi, a gift of the first sugar canes 
 which e\'er entered the colony ; this they accompanied l)y a 
 present of slaves accustomed to its culture, and the cane w as 
 planted on the Jesuit Plantation, afterwards the Faubourg Ste. 
 Marie. An other item connected with this period, which 
 should be remembered, is the writing of the first literary pro- 
 duction of Louisiana, by Leblauc de Villeneuve, an ofdcer of the 
 garrison : it was a tragedy founded on the assassination of a 
 strange Indian by a Choetan. This latter tied to Xew Orleans 
 for safety ; the relatives of the murdered man followed and 
 demanded his .surrender of the Governor. N'audreuil ordered 
 his arrest, but he escaped, and his father, to secure him from 
 further pursuit, offered his own life instead. The irate relatives 
 accepted the compiomise, and the noble old brave endured tor- 
 ture and death without tiinching. 
 
 Vaudreuil conceded to Deruisseau the exclusive right of 
 trading for live years in all the country watered by the Missouri 
 and the streams falling iuto that river. He also encouraged 
 the delusion tliat vast mineral wealth, mines of gold and silver, 
 existed in Louisiana. Finding himself in need of money for 
 colonial uses, he created notes of fiom twenty to thirty livres to 
 be given in payment of the King's debts, and to be exchanged 
 for all other jjapers, obligations and bonds. This brought down 
 on him the disj)leasure of Fi-ance. Vaudreuirs salary was larger 
 than that of any preceding Governor, and he had under him the 
 largest military force ever seen in Louisiana. 
 
THE GOVERNORIS OF LOUISIANA. . ' 11 
 
 In 1753, Yaudreuil left Louisiana to l)ecome Governor of 
 ( 'auada, Avliere lie distinj>uished himself in 1756 by bis resistance 
 to the English invasion. Yaudreuil' s administration in Louisi- 
 ana was a brilliant t'pocli. long remenibt'i-ed with ph'asnre by 
 the i)eoph% who always spoke of him as the (treat Marquis. 
 
 KERLEEEC. 
 
 Kerlerec was a distinguishetl naval officer of 25 years' active 
 ser\ice. During the term of this Governor's administration, the 
 French were dri\'en by the English from Nova Scotia, and 
 refugeed in Louisiana where, during twelve months, Kerlerec 
 supplied each one with the pay and rations of a soldier, besides 
 granting them land, and furnishing thejn with agrieidtural im- 
 plements. The disagreements and lighting betwixt the English 
 and French terminated in the complete overthrow of the power 
 of France. A treaty of peace was signed at Paris, 1762, by 
 which all the territory to which France had claims on the left bank 
 of the Mississippi were ceded to Great Britain, excepting the 
 Island of Xew Orleans, as also were the port and river of Mobile, 
 and all the conquests the tirst country had made of the latter in 
 America. This disaster added to the population of Louisiana, 
 foi* the ( -anadians preferred a remo\'al to its shores to a continu- 
 ance undei' British rule. Many Indians also objected to it, and 
 removed to New Orleans from Baton Kouge, Natchez and Mo- 
 bile, so as to avoid being placed under it. Kerlerec granted 
 them lands on the west of the Mississippi ; for this kindly act 
 the King- oi France sent him to the Bastile, and he died soon 
 after being liberated. The Ohoctaws had bestowed on him the 
 uame of Father of the Ohoctaws. 
 
 I)" ABBADIE. 
 One of the noted events of this Governor's administration 
 was the expulsion of the Jesuits fiom Louisiana, and the confis- 
 cation of their property, in 1764, by order of the French King. 
 An occurrence of still greater importance was the cession, by 
 secret treaty, in 1765, through obedience to an order of Louis 
 
12 • BIOGRAPHIC AT- SKETCHES OF 
 
 XV, to Spain, of all the remaining French possessions in Loni- 
 siana. DWbbadie died befui-e the cession was effected, and tlie 
 position of Governor passed, for the time being, to Anln-y. 
 
 AUBEY. 
 
 In 1766, Charles III sent out Don zVntonio de Ulloa, whom 
 lie liad appointed Governor, to take formal possession of Lonis- 
 iana for Spain. The Frencli in tliat Colony were thrown into a 
 great state of excitement by this event, and bitterly hated 
 Anbry, who connseled them to moderation in their acts of 
 opposition. Anbry sni'rendered Lonisiana to Ulloa at the 
 Balize. 
 
SPANISH DOMINION 
 
 ULLOA 1767 
 
 O'EEILLY , 176J> 
 
 YXZAGA 1770 
 
 GALVEZ 1777 
 
 MIKO 1784 
 
 CARONDELF/r 1792 
 
 DE LEMOS 17<>7 
 
 C"ASA(\VLV() 1790 
 
 tSALCEDO ISOl 
 
 DON ANTON JO DE ILLOA. 
 
 nUoa was at first treated with indififeren(;e by the people oi' 
 Louisiana, and even permitted to examine the conntry, for they 
 could not believe Spain really intended to take possession of 
 Louisiana. 
 
 In 17(37, the yellow fever appeared in New Orleans for the 
 first time. The citizens, imagining they contracted it from the 
 Spaniards, became still more excited against them, and when, on 
 a demand of the Superior Council, IJlloa refused to pi'oduce his 
 credentials, they were firmlj^ convinced Spain had lost all 
 desire to claim their colony, and insisted on his expulsion from 
 it. The Council allowed TTlloa one month in which to make 
 public his authorization fi'om the King, or else to leave the 
 Province ; the citizens took up arms against him, and he chose 
 the latter course, as lie had not sufficient troops with him to 
 oppose them. 
 
 DON ALESSANDKO O'REILLY. 
 
 In 1769, France, as a last act of clemency towards Louisi- 
 ana, relieved it from all its financial difftculties. Soon after 
 this u'ood fortune occurred the noted event w^hich inaugurated 
 Spanish rule in Louisiana, namely : the arrival of O'Reilly, 
 
14 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OV 
 
 who reached the entrance of the Mississippi on the 27th of July, 
 having witli him one trifiate, twenty-eight transports, four 
 thouvsand nine hundred men, a (piantity of arms and ammuui- 
 tion. Lafreniere, (xrandmaisou and Marent were sent to sig- 
 nify to him the subnussion of the colony : he promised a mikl. 
 paternal government. On July 2Sth he landed at New Orleans, 
 marched with his troops in battle array to the French garrison, 
 where they were received by Anbry. The white flag of France 
 was lowered, that of Spain hoisted ; thus ended French domi- 
 nion on the shores of the Mississippi after an existence of seventy 
 years, and Louisiana became a dependence of Spain. 
 
 O'Reilly, who was now (rovei'uor. was of Irish birth, but. 
 visiting Spain, at the head of some Irish troops, ingratiated 
 himself in the favor of the King who ev<M-whelmed him with 
 favors. He is said to have been small, thin, lame, disagreeable 
 but striking in a])pearance, mean, cruel, vindictive, ambitious 
 in dis])Osition and tilled with hatred of the French. 
 
 The following were some of the most noted acts of O'Reilly 
 during his gubernatorial term : he took the census of New Or- 
 leans the year of his arrival, and found it contained only three 
 thonsand one hundred and ninety inhabitants. He a-ri-ested 
 many citizens of Louisiana who opposed him, cansing five to be 
 shot and others to be imprisoned for life in the Moro Castle at 
 Havana. The Cabildo. or Grand Council, was organized by 
 him, and Castilian laws substituted for the French ; he also 
 made regulations respecting unoccupied lands, placed a tax on 
 taverns, coffee houses, billiard rooms, boarding houses, the 
 slaughter house, and on liquors. The purchasing of prisoners 
 from the Indians, so as to save them from tortnre. and theii- use 
 as slaves on plantations was recognized by him. To prevent the 
 French from returning to France, as many, dissatisfied witli 
 Spanish rule, wished to, O'Reilly issued oi-ders no more pass- 
 ports should be granted. O'Reilly returned to Spain in 1770. 
 
 X,,py — j5y jvttentiou tn iiicidi'iits occurring during l^lloa's and o'Keilly's terms, 
 it will be seen the Creoles of Louisiana were the first jieople in America to make open 
 war distinctly for the expulsion of European rule; and as early as 1717 Cadillac, and 
 later in 1726, Valdeterre, Kinfi's Commissioner, complained of the " repulilican spirit" 
 of the Tjouisianians. 
 
 YNZAGA. 
 
 Ynzaga was the successor of O'Reilly ; he administered the 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 17 
 
 taxed each chimney one dollar and tAvelve and a half cents. He 
 encouraged the importation of slaves, exempting vessels em- 
 ployed in it and their cargoes from dnty, while, at the same 
 time, he published regulations for the welfare of slaves. Caron- 
 delet tVn-titied the cit> in ITO.S by two forts, one above and one 
 l>elow it, and by three redoubts: he also built Fort St. Philip 
 and a smaller one o[)posit»', near the mouth of the Mississippi, 
 at the same time organizing a militia of six thousand men. 
 Commercial prosperity now blessed New (Orleans. Oarondelet 
 at this period caused a canal to be dug, which, while it drained 
 the city, made easy communication between Xew Orleans, 
 Mol)ile and Pensacola, 
 
 Don Andreas de Al monaster furnished the greatest assist- 
 ance to Oarondelet in all his i)lans for the improvement of New 
 Orleans, ami, from the proceeds of his own liberal fortune, built 
 the St. Louis Cathedral, City Hall and the Charity Hospital, ' 
 which he endowed, besides other buildings. 
 
 During Carondelet's term of office many French settled in 
 Louisiana, receiving each $100, besides having the expenses of 
 his voyage paid. Some received large grants of land. The 
 Marquis de Maison Rouge was granted 210,000 acres, Baron de 
 Bastrop 881, 58.'}, and Delassus 10,000. About this time an 
 insurrection occurred among the slaves, but was immediately 
 crushed by severe measures. 
 
 In 1794, Le Moniteur de la Lonisiarie, the lirst regular news- 
 pajier of the colony, was i)ublished. 
 
 Carondelet was a shoil -sized plnmp gentleman, somewhat 
 cholei'ic in dis])osition, but not destitute of good nature, firm, 
 pi'udent, active, a man of business capacity, and both popular 
 and respected. 
 
 Note.— New Orleans beiui? for a second time almost destroyed by fire, in 
 1794, (Governor de (Oarondelet advised the; general nse of tile roofing, which previ- 
 ously had been used only in particular instances: and from that time it came into 
 universal use. 
 
 UAYOSO DE LEMOS. 
 
 Brigadier General Gayoso de Lemos became Governor 1797. 
 During his occupancy of the gubernatorial position commerce 
 continued to flourish ; the United States sent a Consul to New 
 Orleans, and, in 1798, the city was visited by the Duke of Orleans, 
 
 2 
 
18 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 afterward Louis XVI, and his two brotliers tlie Duke de Mont- 
 pensiei- and the Count de Beaujolais. (xovernor Gayoso died 
 July 18th, 1798, after liaving, byliis exti-avagant tastes, spent the 
 whole of his large fortune. 
 
 MAEQUIS DE CASACALVO Y O'FxVRETL. 
 
 The oftice of Governor being left vacant by the death of 
 Gayoso de Lemos, the Mari^uis of Casacalvo was sent from Cul)a 
 to act as Governor, ad interim. In the early part of 1799, Casa- 
 calvo solicited that the unlimited introductions of negroes be 
 again permitted; but was refused by the Madiid Cabinet. In 
 June of 1801, Casacalvo, being replaced by Salcedo, retired to 
 Havana. 
 
 Casacalvo is said to have been a man of violent temper. 
 
 DON MANUEL DE SALCEDO. 
 
 Dou Manuel de Salcedo was a Brigadier General in the 
 Spanish army; he came to New Orleans in June of 1801. By 
 secret article of ti-eaty at St. lldefonso, concluded in 1800, Spain 
 had agreed to transfer Louisiana to France in payment for the 
 Kingdom of Etruria; but not until March 26th, 1803, did Mon- 
 sieur Laussat, Prefet Colonial, land at New Orleans to take pos- 
 session of Louisiana for Napoleon 1st. He was received with 
 great rejoicing by the people Avho, in spite of Spanish i-ule, 
 remained French at heart. 
 
 Immediately upon hearing of this retrocession the President 
 of the ITnited States instructed Robert Livingston, American 
 Minister at Paris, to negotiate for the acquisition of New Orleans 
 and the surrounding territory; he was successful, and, on Api'il 
 30th, 1803, the treaty was signed by which, for tifteen millions 
 of dollai'S, Louisiana was purchased by the United States. On 
 November 30th, 1803. Louisiana was ceded to France through 
 Laussat, after having belonged to Spain a little over thii-ty-four 
 years, but the tricolor floated only twenty days over the Prov- 
 ince, for on December 20th, in presence of all the militia and 
 a large concourse of citizens, collected on the public square in 
 
THE GOYEENORS OF LOUISIANA. 19 
 
 front of the City Hall, Claiborne and Wilkinson, American Coin- 
 uiissioners, received the cession of Louisiana to the United States; 
 tlie French tiag- was lowered, the American one went up, batteries 
 w eie discharged, the Province became part of the Union, the 
 colonial history of Louisiana was ended. Within ninety-six 
 years Louisiana hdd changed hands six times; it passed from 
 Louis Xn', in 1712, to the commercial dominions of Anthony 
 Cj'ozal: from him, in 1717, to the Compagnie de P Occident; from 
 that, in 1731, totheundelegatedantliority of Louis XV; fromhim, 
 in 17()2, to Spain; from Spain, in KSOl, back to France; in 1803, 
 from Fi-ance to the United States. 
 
AMERICAN DOMINION. 
 
 W. C. C. CLAIBORNE, Governor of Territory of Oileans..l804 
 
 W. C. C. CLAIBORXE, Governor of Louisiiuia 1812-lG 
 
 JACQUES YILLER]^ 1816-L>0 
 
 THOMAS B. ROBERTSON 18l>0-24 
 
 HENRY S. THIBODAUX 1824 
 
 HENRY JOHNSON 1824-28 
 
 PIERRE DERBIGNY 1828-29 
 
 ARMAND BEAUVAJS 1829 
 
 JACQUES DUPRE.. 1829-31 
 
 ANDREW B. ROMAN 1831-35 
 
 EDWARD D. WHITE 1835-39 
 
 ANDREW B. ROMAN 1839-43 
 
 ALEXANDER MOUTON 1843-40 
 
 ISAAC JOHNSON 1840-50 
 
 JOSEPH M. WALKER 1850-53 
 
 PAUL O. HEBERT 1853-50 
 
 ROBERT C. WICKLIFFE 1850-00 
 
 THOMAS O. MOORE 1800-04 
 
 HENRY W. ALLEN, under C. S. A 1804-05 
 
 MICHAEL HAHN, under U. S. A 1804-05 
 
 J. MADISON WELLS, acting U.S. A 1805-07 
 
 JOSHUA BAKER, Appointed by military authority 1807 
 
 BENJ. F. FLANDERS^ Appointed by military authority..l807 
 
 HENRY" C. WARMOTH 1808-73 
 
 JOHN MoENERY— de jure 1873 
 
 W. P. KELLOGG— de facto 1873-77 
 
 STEPHEN B. PACKARD 
 
 FRANCIS T. NICHOLLS 1877-79 
 
 LOUIS A. WILTZ 1879-81 
 
 SAMUEL D. McENERY 1881 
 
THE GOA^EKNOE^^ OF LOUISIANA. 21 
 
 WM. CHARLES COLE CLAIBORNE. 
 
 Wm. C. C. Claiborne, a Virginian by birth, was the first Gov- 
 ernor of the State of Louisiana. In his early youth he removed 
 to New York, where he met a friend whose influence obtained 
 Cor him the position of enrolling clerk in the House of Represen- 
 tatives of the United States Congress, in 1791. Later on he 
 studied law in Richmond, Virginia, aftei-wai'ds settling in Sulli- 
 van County, Territory of Tennessee, w here he began the prac- 
 tice of his profession. Claiborne was chosen member of the 
 Convention which framed the Constitution of Tennessee when 
 it became a State ; subsequently he was elected by the Legisla- 
 ture Judge of the Supreme Couit of Law and Equity ; this he 
 resigned to become Rej^resentative in Congress in 1797 ; lie was 
 re elected to the same position in 1799. when his ^'ote. as mem- 
 ber from Tennessee, decided the pi'esidential contest in favor of 
 Jefferson over Aaron Burr. In July, 1801, Jefferson appointed 
 Claiborne Governor of the Mississippi Territory. While still 
 holding this position he was commissioned November lOth. 1803, 
 in conjunction with General Wilkinson, to accept the transfer of 
 the pi'ovince of Louisiana to the TTnited States. He was then 
 appointed G()^'ernoT-General of the pi'ovince for the term of three 
 years. The appointment of an Ameiican to this high position 
 gave dissatisfaction to the French, and they demanded of Con- 
 gress that a Governor be cliosen from two candidates of their 
 own selection. The request was not asquiesced to. The Territory 
 of Orleans was created March 2d, 1805. Governor Claiborne 
 resigned the control of the Territory of Mississippi to assume 
 that of the former. This vSame year New Orleans was incorpo- 
 rated as a city ; a branch of the first bank of the United States, 
 a library, some insurance comj)anies and a university were 
 located within its limits. In 180(i, many new laws were enacted 
 and murder made ]mnishable by death. In 1809. five thousand 
 nine hundred and seven French, who had refugeed to Havana 
 Irom St. Domingo, left it on account of trouble between France 
 and Spain, and. bringing their slaves with them, made their 
 homes in Louisiana. C'laiborne. in 1810. took possession ol" 
 Baton Rouge and Mobile, which, up to that period, were still 
 held by Spain. When, in 1812, the Territory of Orleans 
 ])ecame, by act of Congress, a State, and i-eceived again the name 
 
22 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 of Ijonisiana, Claiborne, wlioliad by this time wontlie admiration 
 of the people, was chosen by them Governor ovei' Villere and Des- 
 trehan, two very jjopular and influential citizens. The use of the 
 French ltnguag:e was now discontinued in public acts, and the 
 legislative power war formed into a Senate and House of Eepre- 
 sentatives. This year was further marked by the first steand^oat 
 arrival at the levee of New Orleans, the boat itself bearing the 
 name of Orleans. 
 
 On January 8th, 1815. was fought the Battle of Ncm' Orleans, 
 and in December of 181(i, (lovernor Claiboriu^'s occupancy of 
 the Executive chair terminated. He had been for twenty years 
 in the public service of his country. He was now ineligible for 
 re-election, but the people, who had learned to appreciate him 
 at his proper value, determined he should not remain a private 
 citizen, and he was elected by the Legislature of Louisiana to 
 represent that State in the Senate of the Ignited States, in Janu- 
 ary of 1817. Death prevented the completion of his term. He 
 passed from life November 23d, 1817, admiied, beloved, re- 
 gretted, having, by his iiitegrity, courage and patriotism, gained 
 the good will of his fellow citizens, even of those who at first 
 looked upon him with disfavor because he was an Ameiican and 
 stranger. 
 
 Governor C-laiborne was, by his three mai'riagc^s, connected 
 with some of the very first families of Tennessee and Louisiana, 
 the Lewises, Duraldes and Bosques, and, by that of his daughter, 
 with Mandeville de Marigny. 
 
 Note.— Up to the time of the cession of Louisiana hy France to the IJnitetl 
 States JSew Orleans was regularly fortified; aUer that time the fortifications were 
 entirely demolished. Previously, the inhabitants passed in and out by means of 
 four large sates, which were defended by military works and mounted with heavy 
 cannon. These gates were closed each night at the hour of nine. After that liour 
 no one was permitted to walk the streets without the (governor's permission. 
 
 JAMES PHILIP VILLEEE. 
 
 James Philip Villere, who succeeded Govei-nor Claiborne, in 
 1817, was the first Creole chosen to control the destinies of his 
 native State. He was the sou of Louise Marguerite de la Chaise, 
 granddaughter of the Chevalier d'Arensbourg, and of Josei^h 
 Koy de Villere, Naval Secretary of Louisiana under Louis X\, 
 and victim of O'Keilly. His grandfather, Etienue Boy de 
 
THE GOVEENOKS OF LOUISIANA. 23 
 
 Viller6, had accompanied d' Iberville in his first voyage to the 
 Mississippi. Thus it will be seen young Villere had a right, by 
 virtue of his ancestry, to inherit talent which would make 
 him a man of mark. In addition to this advantage he enjoyed a 
 second, a careful education given him at the expense of Louis 
 XVI, as reparation for the death of his fathei- at O'Reilly's 
 hands. 
 
 In 1780, at the early age of twenty, Villere received from 
 the King an appointment as first lieutenant of artillery in a 
 regiment at St. Domingo. After a few years he resigned and 
 returned to Louisiana. 
 
 Fn 17(S4, he married the daughter of Gabriel Fazende, mem- 
 ber of the First Colonial Council, and henceforward devoted his 
 time CO the cultivation of sugar on his plantation, .seven miles 
 below the city, on the river. It was on this plantation Packen- 
 ham's armv encamped when he was advancing on Xew Orleans, 
 he making of Villere's residence his own head(iuarters. 
 
 Major Gabi'iel Villere, son of Philip Villere. was surprised 
 in the house, but, jumping thiough a window, made his escape 
 amidst a volley of shots, and. hastening to Xew Orleans, apprised 
 fleneral Jackson of the landing of tlu^ British. 
 
 Philip Villei'6 participated in the battle of New Orleans as 
 Majoi' Ceneial of the State Militia. In this he won great dis- 
 tinction, and his gallant conduct was highly complimented by 
 Jackson. He had been, in 1812, a member of the Convention 
 which framed the first Constitution of the State of Louisiana, 
 and, in bSKi. succeeded Claiborne as Governor. In this caxmcity 
 he made strong efforts to pi-event unlimited emigration, as 
 through it thei'c came to the State so many evil disposed persons 
 dangerous to its well being. Under his care the prosperity of 
 Louisiana increased. Sugar became the most important crop, 
 there being little tess than forty million capital invested in it. 
 Good fortune smiled on New Orleans, her warehouses increased 
 in number, ships and steamboats filled her port, real estate rose 
 in value, her limits were extended, new laws for her welfare 
 were created, and a Second Bank of the Ignited States was incor- 
 porated. 
 
 Governor Villei'e died on his plantation March 7th, 1830, 
 full of vears and honors. 
 
24 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 THOMAS BOLLIKG EOBEKTSON. 
 
 Thomas Boiling Eobertson, aVirginiau, became Louisiana's 
 Governor in 1820 ; lie was not only the embodiment of the ideal 
 Virginia gentleman, but a man of unswerving j)rinciples, possess- 
 ing a high order of intellect and education ; by profession he was a 
 lawyer. Young Eobertson removed from Virginia to the Terri- 
 tory of Orleans in 1805, and soon after was named, by Grovernor 
 Claiborne, its Attorney General. President Jefferson appointed 
 him Secretary of the Territory in 1807, with right to the Execu- 
 tive Chair, in case of the Govei-noi-'s absence, sickness or death: 
 in the last case, until apx)ointment of a new successor by the 
 President, and for five months of 1808 he acted as United States 
 District Attorney for the Teiritory. He was the fii'st Repre- 
 sentative elected to the United States Congress from Louisiana 
 after she became a State ; this position ill health forced limi to 
 resign, in 1818. In July, of 1820, he was elected Governor of 
 Louisiana. He showed himself in every way true to the Tel- 
 fare of the State. He furthered, by all means in his power, 
 popular education. During his period of office the Legion of 
 Louisiana was formed ; for juany years the finest militaiy 
 organization in the Union. There being few good roads in the 
 State, an act was passed for making a I'oad from Xew Orleans to 
 the State frontier, in the direction of Xashville : proprietors 
 whose lands it crossed, and those within fifty miles, were 
 required to contribute to its repaii'S. 
 
 In 1823, the Legislative Assembly authorized six gambling 
 houses to be established in New Orleans, on condition that each 
 would pay annually five thousand dollars towards the support 
 of the Charity Hospital and the College of Orleans. It was also 
 in 1823 that the first theatre in Xcav Orleans, called the Ameri- 
 can, was erected by James H. Caldwell, a citizen of great enter- 
 prise, who was also the first to introduce gas for street lighting. 
 
 Tn November, of 1824, Governor Eobertson resigned his 
 office to accept, at the hands of President Monroe, the United 
 States Judgeship for the Louisiana District ; he remained on the 
 bench until sickness forced his withdrawal : he died October 
 5th, 1828. Louisiana has cause to be proud of Governor Eob- 
 ertson, as has Virginia to be of his brothers, Wyndham and John 
 Eobertson. The wife of (rovernor Eobertsou was a beautiful 
 and gifted woman, daughter of Governor Fulwar Skipwith, of 
 West Florida, and Miss Vanderclooster, a Flemish Countess. 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 25 
 
 HENRY SCHUYLER THIBODAUX. 
 
 H. S. Thibodaux was born in Albany, I^. Y., in ]7()1). his 
 father being Alexis Thibodaux, of Canada. He was orphaned 
 in infancy by the death of his mother and raised by the Schuyler 
 family. His early days were passed in Scotland. On coming- 
 to Louisiana, in 1794. he settled on a plantation in Acadia, now 
 called St- James Parish, and afterwards i-emoved to Bayou 
 Lafourche, near the si^ot where stands at present the town which 
 bears his name, Thibodauxville. 
 
 Ml-. Thibodaux tilled various public offices, always with 
 credit to himself and his adopted State. 
 
 In 1805, he was elected member of the Teri'itorial Jx'gisla- 
 ture : in 1808, Justice of the Peace for Lafourche County, 
 including at that j^eriod Assumption, Lafourche and Teri'e- 
 bonne ; in 1811, he was a delegate to the convention which, in 
 1812, framed the first Constitution of the State of Louisiana. 
 He was three times elected Senatoi" of the General Assembly for 
 the district of Lafourche. A portion of Lafourche was, by his 
 efforts wlu'u in the Legislature, incorporated as Terrebonne 
 Parish. 
 
 In 1824, ^Ir. Thibodaux, in his right as President of the 
 State Senate, completed as acting (Jovernor the unexpired term 
 of Governor Robertson. 
 
 Mr. Thibodaux married a granddaughter of the great 
 French navigator and discoveier of Canada in 1534, Jacfjues 
 Cartier. 
 
 HENRY JOHNSON. 
 
 For a third time was the highest office within the gift of the 
 peoph' of Louisiana bestowed on a son of Viiginia when, in 1824, 
 they chose Henry Johnson to be their Governor. He was an 
 urbane, courteous, chivalric gentleman of the old school; hon- 
 orable and talented, possessed of a keen insight into human 
 nature, and a strong sense of justice and right. 
 
 Pi-evious to his election, Mr. Johnson had occupied various 
 ])ositious of public tiust. In 1809, he Avas Clerk of {he Second 
 Su])erior Court for the Tei'ritory ; in 1811, he became Judge of 
 St. Mary, incorporated at Ihat time from the southern portion 
 
26 BIOGRAPHICAL .SKETCHES OF 
 
 of 8t. Martin's Parish. The County of Attakapas elected him 
 member of the Constitutional Convention of 1812, and, in. January 
 of 1818, he was chosen by the Legislature to till the vacant seat 
 of Covernoi' Claiborne in the United States Senate. Go\ei'nor 
 Johnson was a noted leader of the Whig party in Louisiana. 
 His administration was a very satisfactory one. Jn 1842, he ran 
 a second time for the GoAernorship. but was defeated by Alex- 
 ander Mouton, the democratic candidate. From 183.5 to 1839 
 Governor Johnson had represented his adoi)ted State in the 
 Congressional House of Eepresentatives, and, in January of 
 1844, he was elected to till the vacant seat of Alexander Porter, 
 in the United States Senate. 
 
 While in the Senate he ])re.sented to that body the resolu 
 tions of the Louisiana Legislature favoring the annexation of 
 Texas, and also a memorial from the St. Mary Sugar planters, 
 pleading for a repeal of the tariff of 1846. It was while John- 
 son was Governor that a highly commended code of civil hnv. 
 and a system of rules for the regulation of legal ])roceedings, 
 were drawn up by Edwai'd Livingston, under the direction and 
 at the expense of the State; it is also to Livingston that Louis- 
 iana is indebted for her penal code. It was also during John- 
 son's term that the Bank of Louisiana was created, its capital 
 being four million, the State taking half the stock; the Plant- 
 ers' Banking Association too was formed at this time with a 
 fund of two million. General Lafayette visited Louisiana as the 
 Guest of the Nation while Johnson was at the head of the State, 
 in 182.5, and, in 1827, under his guidance still. Louisiana gave evi- 
 dence of her gratitude to Thomas Jefferson by presenting two 
 thousand dollars to his family. The vacant seat of Charles M. 
 Coni'ad in the Lower House of Congress was contested with Judr^e 
 Bullard, by Governor Johnson in 18.50; he was unsuccessful; he 
 afterwards retired to his plantation in Point e Coupee, where he 
 died, at the age of eighty-eight years, in 18()7. His Avife was Miss 
 Key of Maryland, and he lies by her side in a tree shadowed 
 grave where the rippling waters of the Grosse Tete and Maringoin 
 meet. 
 
 PIERRE DERBIGNY. 
 
 Pierre Auguste Charles Bourisgay Derbigny. elected July 
 1828, fifth Governor of Louisiana, a talented and eloquent man, 
 
THE GOVERNOKS OF L()UIf<lANA. • 27 
 
 was aFj'encliiiian of noble birth. Compelled to leave Fiance 
 (lurinii'the tearful days of revolution he tirst went to San Doniingo, 
 and fioni thenee to the Tnited States, remaining- for a while in 
 Pittsbnr<ih, Pennsylvania, where he married the sister of the 
 French Commandant, Chevalier Pierre De Hanlt De Lassus De 
 Lozier. Mr. Derbigny seems to have been seeking a climate 
 akin to that of his native connti'y for he I'emoved from Pennsyl- 
 vania to Missonri. from there to Florida, finally making his 
 home in Louisiana. Mr. J )erbigny\s talents soon obtained recog- 
 nition in New Orleans; in I<S(),S, he acted as Mayor Borsee's Secre- 
 tary: the later i)art of the same year his linguistic acquirements 
 caused Governor Claiborne to ai)i)oint him to the important 
 position of Interpreter of Languages for the Territory. He was 
 at different times Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, Secretary 
 of the LegislatiA'e Coui»cil, Mendier of the Lower House of the 
 tirst State Legislature, .Judge of the Supreme Court, twice Secre- 
 tary of State and Regent of the Central and Primary Schools 
 of New Oi'leans. 
 
 Ml'. Derbigny had th<' honor of delivering the tirst Fourth 
 of July oration made in the Tenitory: he was also entrusted 
 with the entire management of the lousiness affairs in Louisiana 
 of his personal friend. General Lafayette. After Mi'. Deiingny's 
 death. General Ijafayette's ])owei' of attorney was continued in 
 the hands of his son. Charles Derbigny, In 1820, the first license 
 to run a steam ferry across the ri\er at Xew Orleans was granted 
 to Pierre Derbigny and a few associates. 
 
 Seated in the Executive ('hair. 1.5th December, 1S2.S, 
 Governor Derbigny grasped the reins of State Go\'erninent in a 
 way which gave promise of a brilliant administration; but alas! 
 the shadow of death was hovering near. October 1st, 1,S29, his 
 horses ran away with his carriage, he was thrown from it and so 
 severely injured as to die five days afterwards. The entire 
 State of Louisiana was grief-stricken at the sudden can-ying off' 
 of one whose part predicted so much for his future, and the com- 
 munity of New Orleans gave signal proof of the love and respect 
 his pure patriotism and noble qualities had won from them, by 
 turning out as a single body to his funeral. 
 
 AKMAND BEAUVAIS. 
 Mr. Beauvais, a Creole of Louisiana, being at the date of 
 
28 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHP^S OF 
 
 Governor Derbigiiy's death President of the Senate and ex-officio 
 Lientenant Governor, snceeeded, by eonstitntional ri.2;ht, to the 
 Executive Chaii-. which he occupied nntil January 14th, 183(». 
 In ISIO, lie had filled the office of Justice of the Peace in IV)inte 
 Coupee Parish, and. in 1S14, been elected tothe Lower House of 
 the State Legislature, to Avhich iiosition he was twice re-elect''d 
 afterwards. 
 
 From 182li to IS.'JO, Governor Beanvaiswasa continuons mem- 
 ber of the State Senate ; in the latter year he made an unsuc- 
 cessful run for Governor against A. B. Roman, the successful 
 competitor. Fi'om January 31, 1883, until in 1834, Mr. Beau- 
 vais was State Senator, in lieu of Mr. Chenevert, who had 
 resisi'ued. 
 
 JAGQITES DUPKE. 
 Jaciines I)u])re being elected President ])ro tern, of the State 
 Stmate. he became ex-officio Lieutenant Governor : hence suc- 
 ceeded Armand Beauvais in filling the incompleted term of 
 (xovernor Derbigny ; this h(^ did only temporarily, from January, 
 14, 1830, to January 31, 1831. There l)eing no law ])roviding for 
 the election of a Chief Magistrate until the entire tei-m of four 
 years belonging tothe preceding one had expired. Governor 
 Dupre conld have retained the post much longer. This was not 
 his desire, and he yielded the ]>osition to Governor-elect Roman, 
 who assumed control of the State ; the seat of government having 
 been again transferred to Xew Orleans, which was moi'e conve- 
 nient for business than Donaldsonville. Governor Duj^re's early 
 education had been somewhat limited ; but his strong, practical 
 common sense, compensated, in a great measure, for this ; he 
 was a man of wealth, being a large stock i-aiser in his native 
 county of Opelousas ; in fact, he is rei)orted to have owned more 
 cattle than any other man in Louisiana at that time. 
 
 NoTK. — The Railroad (Company of Pontclmrti-iiiii was incorporalfd in ls.il, being 
 thenfth of the kind in the TTnited States. 
 
 ANDREW BIE:^VENU ROMAN. 
 
 Andrew B. Roman was one of Louisiana's distinguished 
 Creoles : he was born in Opelousas, March 5, 1795, but was 
 raised on his.father's sugar plantation in the Parish of St. James; 
 
THE GOVERNOES OF LOUISIANA. 29 
 
 he received his education at St. Mary' s College, uear Baltimore, 
 graduating at that institution iu July, 1815. On reaching the 
 years of manhood lie purchased a sugar plantation in JSt. .lames, 
 which became his permanent home. He represented his paiish 
 in the House of Representatives for the lirst time in 1S18; he 
 was several times re-elected ; was for four years Speaker, after 
 which he received, at the reipu'st of his constituents, the appoint 
 ment of Parish Judge. 
 
 Elected in IS'M) Governor of the State, (iovernor Komaii 
 entered upon his executive duties January ."^1, 1831 ; he was as 
 prominent foi- his literai-y tastes as he was ]Jolitically, and 
 founded Jefferson College. He had the welfare of his State at 
 heart in every way ; by his untiring efforts the water courses of 
 Louisiana wei-e cleared of rafts, and a company formed to drain 
 
 t the swamp lands around New Orleans aad protect it from over- 
 flow ; to him also is due the construction of the Penitentiary at 
 Baton Eouge. 
 
 He recommended the formation of a State Agiicultural 
 Society. This proposition was acted upon by the Legislature, a 
 model farju was started, but the indifference of the planters 
 killed the project. 
 
 In 1834, he not only heartily endorsed the incorporation, by 
 the Legislature, of the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce, but 
 urged it warmly. 
 
 When Governor Eoman's term of office expiied, in 1835, he 
 retired to private life only to be called again to the same posi- 
 tion in 1838, when his capable and faithful fulfillment of his 
 duties added fresh laurels to those which already crowned his 
 life. Not even after two terms of arduous service was he to be 
 left to the enjoyment of home life. He was elected to the Con- 
 stitutional Convention of 1845, sent to Europe in 1848 as agent 
 of the Consolidated Association and Citizens' Bank, on business 
 of importance. He was* elected to the Constitutional Convention 
 of 1852, and to the Secession Convention of 1861. Governor 
 
 • Roman was a Whig in politics and a Unionist, but yielded his 
 private opinion to that of the majority, and united his fate to 
 
 ■ that of his State and fellow-citizens. 
 
 I He had the honor to be one of the three Commissioners sent 
 
 I by the Confederate Government, at Montgomery, Ala., to Wash- 
 ington City for the purpose of securing a peaceable separation 
 
30 BIOGRAPHKJAL SKETOHP:8 OF 
 
 He refused to take the oath of allegiance to protect hm property, 
 and, at the end of the war, accepted from Goxeiiior Wells a com- 
 mission as Kecorder of Deeds and Mortgages iii New Orleans. 
 
 Governor Komaii died suddenly as he was walking on 
 Dumaine street, January LJOth, 18()(i. He liad servetl Louisiana 
 dui'ing many days of sorrow and trial; for while he was in office 
 she had suffered from severe storms, overflow, cholera and 
 yellow fever. In each misfortune his aid and sympathy were 
 unfailing. When the clouds of war gathered on her horizon, 
 too old to serve her himself on the held, he gave her his sons, 
 and to-day Louisiana gratefully remembers aiul honors his name. 
 
 EDWAKl) DOUGLASS WHITE. 
 
 In 1835, E. D. White, a native of Tennessee, a man of classi- 
 cal education, by profession a lawyer, was raised to the Execu- 
 tive chair. Mr. White came to the Province of Louisiana with 
 his father. Judge White, prior to its cession by France to the 
 United States. He pursued his educational studies at the 
 University of Nashville, in Tennessee, and afterwards his legal 
 ones under Alexander Porter, in Louisiana. 
 
 Governor Henry Johnson appointed Mr. White Associate 
 Judge of the City Court of New Orleans, in 1825. He was three 
 times elected to the Lower House of Congress by the people of 
 Lafourche, in which parish he owned a large sugar estate. 
 Judge White took his seat as Governor of Louisiana February 
 4th, 1885- He served his State with marked ability, but even 
 his strong mind and correct judgment could not avert the 
 evil results of the laud speculation mania which infected so large 
 a number of her citizens and brought to so many of them total 
 ruin. During the short space of two years the General Assem- 
 bly, which seemed stricken with what Was termed by President 
 Jefferson ' ' Bancomania, ' ' had chartered seven new banks and 
 Ijledged the credit of the State in favor of the Citizens' Bank. 
 Paper money continued to be issued to an incredible extent, the 
 bank discounting profusely. The result was, naturally, great 
 distress in tinancial matters. Governor White vetoed a bill 
 which had passed the Legislature chartering the Farmers' Bank, 
 by this move saving the State from an increase of pecuniary 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOITISIANA. 31 
 
 worries. May 13th, 1837, fourteen of the New Orleans banks 
 suspended specie payments, hi addition to the abo\'e disaster, 
 a new tarift had been phiced on American sugar, which caused 
 planters to cease cultivating- cane and bestow theii- care on cot- 
 loji. the price of which was run up to 18 and 20 cents. This 
 condition of affairs brought al)out numerous bankruptcies and 
 (Governor White used tJie most strenuous efforts to save Louisi- 
 ana from the evil consequences of the rash conduct of her own 
 citizens. Previous to the close of his gubernatorial career, the 
 Governor was, for the fourth time, elected to the Lom' er House ol" 
 Congress, this being repeated in 1810 and 1812. 
 
 Governor White, like his intimate friend, Governor Henry 
 Johnson, was a staunch Wliig. He was jjossessed of strong 
 practical sense, frankness of character, and a merry bluff humor, 
 which, combined with his keen wit and capacity foi- harmless 
 sattire, won him many life-long friends, while he evei' held, in 
 an extraordinary degree, the confidence of the people at large. 
 Governor White's w^ell spent life closed April 18, 1847. His 
 wife, who was a Miss Ringgold, of the Distilct of Columbia, still 
 lives in this city, as do his children, among whom are two sons, 
 James, who is a physician, and Edward D., a lawyer. The 
 latter was a democratic member of the State Senate from 1871 to 
 1878, in which yeai" he was also appointed Associate Justice of 
 the Supreme Court of the State by Goveruoi' Xicliolls. 
 
 ALEXANDRE MO U TON. 
 Tlie venerable Alexandre Mouton, who so lately died on his 
 plautation, near Vermillionville, in Lafayette parish, retaining 
 to the last the love and esteem of all who had known him 
 through his long and untarnished career, became the ninth Go\'- 
 ei-nor of Louisiana. Governor Mouton was born on Bayou 
 Carencro, in Attakapas, November the 19th, 1801, and, at the 
 time of his death, was probably the oldest surviving United States 
 Senator ; to him also belongs the distinction of having been the 
 first Democrat to fill the Executive Chair. Governor Mouton 
 was a descendant of one of the Acadian refugee families whom 
 Longfellow's pen so glowingly described ; his first wife was the 
 
32 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 granddaughter of Governor Jacques Dupre, and his second one 
 the daughter of an old oflfleer of the United States Army ; he 
 was the father of General Alfred Mouton, killed at Mansfield in 
 1S64, and father-in-law of General Gardnei-, who defended Port 
 Hudson. Alexandre Mouton studied law in his youth, but did 
 not practice it long, having a preference foi- the quiet of a coun- 
 try life ; he undertook planting near the town of Vermillioiiville, 
 which was built on land donated, for the purpose, by his father, 
 Jean Mouton ; but his fellow-citizens called hiju again and again 
 from the retirement of his home. In 1826, they chose him as 
 their Eepresentative in the State Legislature, re-electing him 
 three times consecutively, and again in 1836. For two sessions 
 he was Speaker of the House. January, 1837, he was elected to 
 fill the unexpired term of Judge Porter, and was chosen as his 
 successor for the six-year tei'iu. While in Congress he was on 
 many important committees ; he resigned his position in the 
 Senate to accept that of State Governor, and entered upon his 
 new duties January 3()th, 1843 ; these came to an end in three 
 years, on account of an entire change in the State Constitution. 
 Following this the Governor retired to private life until he 
 came again to the front as delegate to the Cincinnati National 
 Convention of 1856 ; he was also delegate, in 1860, to the Na- 
 tional Convention, at Charleston, S. C, for the nomination of the 
 United States President, delegate to and President of the Seces- 
 sion Convention at Baton Eouge in 1861, and, finally, candidate 
 for the Senate of the Confederate Congress. In all the positions 
 of private and public life Governor Mouton was efficient and 
 trustworthy, leaving behind him the reputation of being one of 
 the best Governors the State ever had. 
 
 ISAAC JOHNSON. 
 Again, iu 1846, was a Democrat installed iu the Executive 
 Chair, Isaac Johnson, of West Feliciana Parish. He was a 
 gentleman of high social position, the sou of a British officer 
 who settled in the province of Louisiana during the Spaiiish 
 regime. Mr. Johnson belonged to the legal profession, in 
 which he was successful and popular. When member of the 
 Legislature, and afterwards Judge of the Third District, he 
 
THE GOVERNOKS OE EOUISIANA. 33 
 
 gave complete satisfactiou. As Governor he fully justified the 
 eoufideuce aud esteem of tJie people. Wheu l^e issued a procla- 
 mation calling lor voluuteejs to leiuforce General Taylor, in 
 Mexico, tliousands rallied to liis call ; these reiufor cements 
 enabled Taylor to add the conquest of Matamoras to his other 
 glorious achievements. 
 
 Governor Johnson was ever ready to uphold State rights, 
 and was bitterly opposed to auy meddling, by Congress, with the 
 slavery question ; he was also a strong supporter of our public 
 schools. During his ofti(;ial term both the State House and 
 Penitentiary, at Baton Kouge, were completed. 
 
 On Maich the 15th, 1.S53, Governor Johnson, of whom it 
 was said ''he possessed so many fine traits of cluuacter, hegai;:ed 
 friends innumerable, but never an enemy," expired suddenly in 
 New Oi'leans, at the Verandah Hotel. 
 
 JOSEPH MARSHALL WALKER. 
 The subject of this sketch was born and grew into manhood 
 on St. Ann street, in ^ew Orleans, almost under the shadow of 
 the old St. Louis Cathedral ; he was of French descent, upon 
 the maternal, and English on the paternal, side. Y^oung Walker 
 was educated in the best schools existing at the time of his youth 
 in his native city; when grown he purchased, with a legacy be- 
 queathed by his English grandmother, plantations iu Rapides 
 parish, where he became an eminently successful cotton planter. 
 Being an unswerving Democrat, an ardent supporter of Southern 
 States rights, he was ever a favorite with his party. For a 
 series of years he filled various official positions previous to 
 being placed at the helm of the State. He had been in the 
 Legislature, both as Representative and Senator, besides Presi- 
 dent of the State Constitutional Convention of 1845 and State 
 Treasurer, iu 1846. Never. were such determined efforts made 
 by the Wliigs to crush the Democratic party, as iu 1849, when 
 Mr. Walker was nominated for Governor, and the esteem in 
 which he was held is signally evidenced by the fact that he was 
 victorious when the opposing party had such influential leaders 
 as General Alexander De Clouet and Mr. Duncan F. Kenuer. 
 
 3 
 
;M biographical sketches of 
 
 Ou tlie 28th of Jauiiiiry, 1850, his triumph ciiliuiuated by liis 
 iiistallatioii iu tlie Executive Chair at Batou Kouge, beiu*^ Mie 
 hrst Uoveruor iuaugurated there. 
 
 The people of Louisiana were so dissatistied with the Con- 
 stitution of 1845, that a new one was adopted in 1852 ; this was 
 strongly opposed by Governor Walker, as was also the with- 
 drawal of the p]-ohibition to create banking institutions, he 
 considering that neither one of these measures would be bene- 
 hcial to the [State. It was during Governor \V alker's adminis- 
 tiation, and that of his predecessor, the Cuban expeditions irom 
 the United States took jjlace : these ended in complete failure. 
 The leader. General Narcisso Lopez, was executed, which excited 
 the friends of the cause to such an extent there was a riot in A'ew 
 Orleans against the Spanish tlag, for w hich the Federal Govern- 
 ment was obliged to give redress to Spain. 
 
 The new Constitution of 1852 coming into operation. Gover- 
 nor Walker resigned at the end of three years, having, from tirst 
 to last, conducted the administration of the State with marked 
 ability and success. Efforts wei-e made to have him take up 
 again the thread of public life ; but he refused every honor 
 offered him, even the position of Congressman. 
 
 In 1812-15, Go\'ernor Walker served as Brigadier General 
 of the State Militia. Death deprived Louisiana of this devoted 
 son, January 2(5, 185G, but he left a record on her annals that 
 both his family and State can be proud of, for in e\ery phase of 
 his existence, private and public, civil and military, he did his 
 duty and did it Avell. Can greater meed of praise be glAen i 
 
 PAUL OCTAVE HEBEKT. 
 
 In Louisiana, on the banks of the Mississippi Kivei', at the 
 Acadia Plantation, so called because its owner, Paul Hebert, 
 was of acadian descent, was born on November 12th, 1818, l*aul 
 Octave Hebert, twelfth Governor of the State. From his earliest 
 years he o-ave evidence of those characteristics and talents which 
 were in the future to procure him a high place among men. He 
 o-raduated at the head of the Jefferson College Class of 1880, and 
 again at the head of the West Point graduates of 1810; these 
 
THE GOYEENOES OF LOUISIANA. 
 
 were forty-four in number, and among them were several wlio 
 became distinguislied in after life. So soon as his cadetship 
 expii"ed, he became Second Lieutenant in the Engineer Corps, 
 and, in 1841, Assistant Professor of Engineering at West Point; 
 in 1842, he was ordered to Barataria, in Louisiana, to superin- 
 tend the construction of the defenses of the Western Passes. In 
 1845, he tendei-ed the resignation of his army position, asGover- 
 nor Mouton had appointed him Chief Engineer of the State. It 
 was at this time Governoi" Hebert issued his noted report oppos- 
 ing the liaccourci Cat-off. In 184(), he volunteered against 
 Mexico, starting out as Lieut+'-n:int Colonel 14th Infantry V^olnn- 
 teers ; he took an active part in the battle of ('ontreras, Chei'*- 
 busco, Molino del Key ; at the last named place, he was compli- 
 mented by General Scott personally, and brevetted Colonel foi- 
 his gallantj-y ; he was also at the storming of Chapultepec and 
 the capture ot the (^ity of Mexico, cov'ering himself with glory 
 in all of these engagements. Honors, justly deserved all of them, 
 seemed to crowd upon young Hebert; in 1851, he was called from 
 the quiet of his agricultural pursuits to visit Paris as Commis- 
 sioner to the Workr s E'air ; in 1852, he was chosen member of the 
 State Constitutional Convention, and the same year elected Gover- 
 nor of the State. Governor Hubert being ill at the time. Chief 
 Justice Eustis, accomjjanied by a committee from the Legisla- 
 ture, repaired to his plantation where they administered to him 
 the oath of office. During the war of secession. Governor He- 
 bert, who aftei" his gubernatorial term was concluded, had 
 returned to his planting interests, was appointed by President 
 Davis, early in 1861, one of the live Brigadier Generals for the 
 Provisional Army of the Confederacy, who were subsequently 
 confirmed by the Confederate Congress as officers of the Regular 
 Army. 
 
 Governor Hebert was first in command of Louisiana, then 
 of the Trans-Mississippi Department, afterwards of Texas, and 
 finally of the Galveston defences. At the termination of the 
 war General Hebert surrendered to G^ieral Granger, U. S. A. 
 who returned him his sword, and kindly gave him especial 
 transportation for himself and family to Xew Orleans. Presi- 
 dent Johnson removed General Hebert' s political disabilities in 
 1865. In 1873, he was created State Engineer by Governor Kel- 
 logg : the same year he received from General Grant the ap- 
 
36 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 point iiieut of Coiiuuissiouer and Civil Engineer on the Board of 
 United iState.s Engineers for the Mississippi Le^"ee. When 
 G-reely ran for President aji^ainst Grant, Governor Hebert led 
 that wing ol the Democratic paity in Louisiana which sustained 
 Greely. 
 
 After an illness of some months, General H6bert died April 
 20th, 1880. 
 
 Governor Hebert was a fluent speaker and a brilliant writer ; 
 he was fond of society, which he graced : his hospitality was 
 well known ; he was a club man, and for several years President 
 of the Jockey Club in New Orleans. 
 
 Governor Hebeit married twice, each tijue into a prominent 
 Louisiana family. 
 
 ROBERT CHARLES WIOKLIFFE. 
 
 Louisiana's thirteenth Governor, Robert C. Wickliffe, comes 
 of excellent lineage, and we have only to turn back a page or 
 so of his family history lo learn wiieuce he derived the traits 
 of character which have won for him so many admiring friends. 
 His father was Governor Chas. A. Wickliffe, of Kentucky, also 
 Postmaster General of the United States, and for ten consecutive 
 years member of Congress ; besides, being twice elected to the 
 Lower House of that body, during the civil war. Running for 
 Governor again in 1803 he was unsuccessful, owing to his opposi- 
 tion to Lincoln whom, he asserted, had broken his piomise to 
 preserve slavery. On the maternal side, Governor Robert 
 Wickliffe is grandson of Col. Cripps, who made for himself a 
 name iu the Indian fights of Kentucky, and nephew of Dr.. 
 Brashear, of this State, for whom Brashear City is named. Gov- 
 ernor W^ickliffe is a man of classical attainments and belongs to 
 the legal profession, of which he is an able and successful mem- 
 ber. 
 
 In 1854, he was elected State Senator and re-elected the two 
 succeeding terms without opposition ; he was also President of 
 the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William 
 Farmer. For four years he was Governor of Louisiana, taking 
 possession of his oifice Jaiuiary 22, 1856. The Governor 
 belongs to the Democratic party ; and was opposed to secession 
 
THE GOVEENOES OF LOUISIANA. 37 
 
 SO long as the South could remain in the Union with honor. 
 Governor Wickliffe gave earnest attention to all the interests of 
 the State, and his administration was a satisfactoi-y one to the 
 people. 
 
 In 1866, they chose him to I'epresent tlieiii in the Lower 
 House of Congress ; but he was denied admittance for refusing 
 to take the oath demanded of him, in accordance with Recon- 
 struction laws. In 187(), Goveimor Wickliife was an elector for 
 the State at large, on the Tilden ticket- He is now practising 
 his profession at the bar in West Feliciana, where he has resided 
 ever since 1846. A handsome man in his youth. Gov. Wick- 
 liffe is still so in his older days, and he is noted everywhere for 
 his conversational gifts, courtly manners and refinement ; he was 
 twice married, his first wife being the charming daughter of the 
 well-known Judge Dawson, of Feliciana, and his second. Miss 
 Anderson, of Kentucky. 
 
 THOMAS OVERTOX MOORE. 
 
 This gentleman was a ISTorth Carolinian. The esteem in 
 which his family were held in their native State is evidenced 
 by the naming of Moore County for them. Governor Moore's 
 grandfather on the distaff side was General Tliomas Overton, 
 who held the position of nmjor during the Revolutionary War 
 under General Lee\s father. He acted as second for Genera] 
 Jackson in a duel, and his son. General Walter H. Overton, 
 was aid to Jackson at New Orleans. 
 
 When Governor Moore came to Louisiana lie settled in 
 Rapides Parish as a cotton planter, and was sent fiom there 
 to the State Senate in isr)(), where his political course was so 
 creditaV)le he was elected Governor on the Democratic ticket 
 of 1860. Early in his administration 'he convened the Legis- 
 lature in extra session to determine the course Louisiana should 
 pursue in view of the evident determination of the General 
 Government to destroy the institution of slavery." 
 
 Through Governor Moore's advice a convention was called 
 by the Legislature, at Baton Rouge, on the 23d of January, 
 1861. The 26th of the same month the Convention passed the 
 Ordinance of Secession and Louisiana bid farewell to the Union. 
 
38 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 Thus were fulfilled the prophetic warnings of every Governor 
 who had controlled the State for durino- more than forty years, 
 beginning with Governor Robertson, in 1820. No sooner had 
 the decree of Secession been declared than Governor Moore 
 ordered Adjutant General (rrivot to organize the militia force 
 of the State, consisting of 24,000 men, i-eady for active service. 
 With these troops the military posts and garrisons within the 
 State were taken possession of, with many thousands of stands 
 of arms and immense quantitiV;s of ammunition. A Soldiers' 
 Relief Association was formed, and free markets opened in 
 ]N"ew Orleans. Governor Moore compelled the banks to sus- 
 pend specie payments, even thougli by this move they forfeited 
 their charters, as he considered this necessary for their pro- 
 tection. Being petitioned by many cotton factors of New Or- 
 leans to issue an order forbidding the introduction of cotton 
 within its limits, he did so, although such a course was not 
 guaranteed by law of any kind but that of practical sense and 
 emergency of circumstance. When, by the disastrous fate of 
 war, NcAv Orleans passed under Fedei'al control, in 18(52, Gov- 
 ernor Moore called together the Legislature at Opelousas ; the 
 quorum of members being small, they were reassembled at 
 Shreveport. Here his official term drew to a close, and he 
 passed the scepter of State Government on to his successor, the 
 brave and gallant Allen. 
 
 Governor Moore cannot be described better than in the 
 words of Meynier : "He was remarkable for his truthfulness and 
 strict integrity as well as for the purity of his private life. His 
 disposition was fiery, and, politically a democrat, he believed in 
 the precepts of Jefferson and Jackson, being a great admirer of 
 the General's determination whose example he followed in his 
 gubernatorial career." 
 
 Governor Moore's life ended at his home in Rapides I*arish, 
 June, 1876, aged seventy-one. 
 
 HENRY W ATKINS ALLEN. 
 
 Louisiana's fifteenth Governor was Henry W. .Vllen, the idol 
 of the peoi^le, whose name is a household word, and of whom it 
 vtisij be said : " There is glory in his dust." To Virginia, the 
 
THE GOVEKNOKS OF LOUISIANA 80 
 
 mother of statesmen and soldiers, belongs the honor of having- 
 given Governor Allen birtli. Through his ancestors, he was of 
 Scotch and AVelsh extraction. ^ Of his parents we need no clearer 
 picture than the following words of Meynier, which, at the same 
 time, eulogize son and parents. In speaking of the Governor, 
 he remarks : " He inherited the energetic determination, strict 
 integrity and courage of his father, softened by the constancy 
 and impulsive tenderness of his mother. While yet a lad, at 
 Marion College, Missouri, the fnture soldier gave proof of the 
 determined character wliich marked his after life, by challenging 
 an officer of the State militia, who had insulted his father, and 
 forcing him to apologize. The restless disposition which pos- 
 sessed young Allen caused him to run away from college, but 
 destiny led him with kindly hand, for, landing at Grand Gulf, 
 he obtained a position as tutoi- in the family of W. R. McAlpiue, 
 where he made life-long friends. Two years later he opened a 
 school within the town of Grand Gulf, devoting his leisure hours 
 to stndying law, the practice of which he began so soon as licensed, 
 and in which his native talent brought him success. When 
 Sam Houston, President of Texas, called for volunteers, in 1S42, 
 to aid her in defying Mexico, both Allen and his brother 
 Kathaniel enlisted for six months, for which stnnice they were 
 thanked by the Secretary of War and the President- In 1842. 
 Mr. Allen married Miss Salome Crane, of Rodney, Miss., a lady 
 noted for her brilliant wit, quickness of repartee and many 
 loveable traits of character. She brought him, as dowei'. a plan- 
 tation in Claiborne County; this became their home. In 1846, 
 Mr, Allen was elected to the State Legislature of Mississippi, a 
 position he filled with honor. After the death of his wife, which 
 occurred in 1850, Mr. Allen's fancy for roving reasserted itself. 
 He removed to Tensas, La., and afterwards to West Baton 
 Rouge. Here, as in Mississippi, his merit soon became mani- 
 fest. The people of the jiarish recognized it by electing him to 
 the House of Rej)resentatives, in 185.3- He had previously been 
 defeated for the State Senate. In 1854, he resumed his collegiate 
 course at Cambridge University ; but, ever restless and fond of 
 adventure, neither planting, uorlaw, nor literature, could cliarm 
 him long, and, in 18.59, we find him crossing the Atlantic, with the 
 intention of taking part in the Italian war and travelling through 
 Europe. During his absence, his friends again elected him to the 
 
40 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 Louisiana Legislatiirf. When the war tocsin sonnded, in 1861, 
 Mr. AUt'U *vas in Havana. Pl<*asnre had no witcliei-ies for him 
 when country called. He immediately returned home, where he 
 joined, as A'olunteei-, the Delta Eitles. of the Confederate Army. 
 Before very long he was elected Lieutenant Colonel of the Fourth 
 Louisiana. In this capacity he figured at Ship Island and Fort 
 Berwick, becoming, eventually, after his Colonel's death. Mili- 
 tary Governor of Jackson, Miss. At 8hiloli, where he gave a 
 rare example of courage, he was wounded in tlie cheek, and at 
 Baton Rouge was desj)erately \\'ounded, N^ot being one to shield 
 himself from what he held as sacred duty, he barely allowed 
 himself time for recovery ere he returned to the army, when he 
 was appointed Brigadier Ceneral and ordered to the Trans- 
 Mississippi Department. Scarcely had he reached Shreveport 
 and entered on his new i"es])onsibilities when, by unanimous 
 choice, he was placed at the helm of the State, being inaugurated 
 Governor January 25th, 1854. His message to the Legislatnre 
 touched upon all the necessities of the State and i)ointed out 
 clearly those matters calling for legislation. He addressed a 
 personal communication to General KirbySmitli. December 21st, 
 18G4, opposing strongly that officiars unfortunate order to the 
 planters of Louisiana, bidding them burn their cotton. June 
 2d, 1805, his term of administration being ended, the pilot wlio 
 had guided the bark of State thi'ough such troublous waters 
 gave up its helm and sought fortune's favor in the City of the 
 Incas. The people of Louisiana, whom absence could not teach 
 to forget him, made a futile effort to have him return among 
 them and accept, for a second time, the Executive Chaii'. In 
 Mexico a newspaper was started especially for him, and he was 
 acting as editor, with success and credit to himself, when, on 
 April 22d, 1866, death overtook him whom we had learned to 
 cherish for his valor and high deeds, and to whom we offered the 
 incense of our hearts. Henry Watkins Allen has passed away, 
 but 
 
 ■' His s])iritual influence is upon his kind ; 
 He lives in glory : and his speakiiig dust 
 Has more of life tiian half its hreathing moulds." 
 
 Though he died among strangers, his bo<ly does not lie in 
 foreign soil. Here, in the Crescent City, he rests under a monu- 
 ment of marble until loving hands will have prepared a more 
 
THE GOVERNOBS OF LOTTISTANA. 41 
 
 suitable place of repose. Amid the fragrant magnolias and 
 weeping- willoAvs m Inch surronnd the State Cai)itol is a spot his 
 own fancy loved. \o sound disturbs its silence but the low 
 whispering- of the winds, the warbling- of the birds, and here, at 
 some future day, will the State ijlace him who has a right to the 
 honoi- she will gratefuUv bestow on him. 
 
 :\rTCHAEL HAHX 
 
 Was born in Bavaria, in [KM). Soon after his birth, his 
 parents remoTe<l to New York: and. in a few years, from thence 
 to New Orleans : here he graduated in tlie high schools, entered 
 the law oltice of Christian Koselius and gra<luated. ere yet 
 twenty years of age. with the degree of L. L. B., in the Loui- 
 siana TTniversity. By an exception made in his favor, he was 
 permitted to practice his profession previous to the legitimate 
 period for so doing. Mr. Hahn had a natural inclination for 
 politics, and while attending to his business, still found some 
 leisure to bestow on them: he was antagonistic to the Slidell 
 wing of the Democratic party: opposed the nomination of James 
 Buchanan for President, in '[H~^^'^. He wasastrong Douglass advo- 
 cate and a bitter oi)x>ouent to shivery. Member of the commit- 
 fe*e who, in 1<S()()-61, canvassed against secession, he did all he 
 could to prevent the dismemberment oi' the Union. When, 
 during the early pei'iod of the late agitation, all public, State 
 and Parish officers took the oath to the Confederacy, Michael 
 Hahn omitted it in renewing his oath of office as Notary: no 
 public notice was evei" taken of this omission. 
 
 Farragut's Federal fleet ari'iving at New Orleans, April 2.5, 
 1862, Mr. Halm hastened to i)ledge his allegiance to the Ignited 
 States GovernnuMit. according to the oath administei-ed by the 
 Federal Office. >. 
 
 The latter part of the same year, lie be('anie Representative 
 of the Second Congressional District in Congress, when his able 
 advocacy of what he chose to consider "Louisiana's cause,'' 
 ovei'canie the objections made by leading Re])ublicans against 
 himself and Mr. Flanders. Representative of the First District, 
 taking the seats they claimed. 
 
i2 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 On returning to ]S^ew Orleans, Mr. Hahn advised that no 
 more Congressional elections be held until Louisiana became 
 more thoroughly reconstructed. He bestowed his attention on 
 the re-opening of the Federal Courts and endeavored to have 
 the State immediately reorganized as a free one. To furtlier the 
 ])lans of Lincoln and Grant, he bought and edited the Xew Or- 
 leans True Delta. 
 
 Mr. Hahn Avas inaugurated as (loverni^r. March 4, 1864, 
 being elected in New Orleans on the Free State ticket, in opposi- 
 tion to Mr. Fhinders and Mr. P>llows, who was the Conservative 
 candidate. In the meanwhile. Gov. Allen, who had been elected 
 by the Confederates and inaugurated at Shreveport, January 25. 
 1S()4, was in control of all that portion of the State not occupied 
 by Federal forces. 
 
 President Lincoln had gi-eat contidence in Gov. Hahn, and 
 addressed him a letter advising the elective franchise be ex- 
 tended to the colored race, so as to enable the using of them in 
 furthering the Reconstruction policy. Gov. Hahn attempted to 
 bring this about; but could only succeed in having the Fifteenth 
 Section adopted. The State Legislature chose him to till a 
 Senatorial position in the Congress of 1865; he presented his 
 <'laims, but did not press them, owing to the fact that the recon- 
 struction views of Mr. Johnson varied from those ot this prede- 
 cessor. President Lincoln. 
 
 Mr Hahn was the organizer and chief editor of the Xew Or- 
 leans BepuhUcan, started in 1867. He has been several times 
 member of the School Board, three times member of the Legis- 
 lature for the parish of St. Charles, and once speaker of 
 the House. In^^l876, he was State Registrar of Voters, sub- 
 sequently Superintendent of the United States Mint, in New 
 Orleans; since then. Judge of the Twenty-sixth Judicial Dis- 
 trict, and is now, 1885, Congressman elect from Louisiana. 
 Governor Hahn is an able speaker and writer; as a politician, he 
 is ever actuated by that which he considers the true principle; he 
 is extremely popular in his own parish, and has the respect and 
 good opinion of many who are to the opposing party. 
 
 JAMES MADISON WELLS, 
 
 Seventeenth Governor of Louisiana, was born in the State, but 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 43 
 
 raised partly in Washington City, partly in Kentucky. On 
 reaching manhood he returned to his birthplace, where he has 
 always lived on his estates as sugar and cotton planter. In 
 1.S40, he filled the position of SheriiT; in 1<S64, Lieutenant 
 (lovernor on the Hahn ticket, and assumed the position of 
 Governor in lieu of Mr. Hahn when he resigned. In l.S()5, he 
 was elected Governor on the Citizens' ticket, and i-emoved by 
 General Sheridan in 1<S(>7. By appointuient of General Grant, 
 at that time President, lie l)ecame Surveyor of the Port of 
 New Orleans, an office he continued to hold under President 
 Hayes. He was also ciiairnian of the Returning Board of 1S7(), 
 which decided the Presidential contest in favor of Haves. 
 
 JOSHTTA BAKER 
 
 Was born in Kentucky, Marcli 28d, 1799. His parents renu)ved 
 to Mississippi when he was only four years of age, and subse- 
 quently to Louisiana, in ISll, settling in St. Mary's Parish. 
 Mr. Baker grew into manhood amid the grand old oaks which 
 beautify the banks of the limpid Teche, and the decline of his 
 years is passing peacefully under their moss-bannered branches. 
 In 1S19, he graduated at West Point, and is to-day its oldest 
 graduate in existence. When Governor Baker travelled to 
 West Point from St. Mary's Parish, in 1817, the entire jour- 
 ney was made in a wheeled conveyance. What a difference 
 between then and now! Wliile still pursuing his studies there 
 he was appointed assistant Professor of Engineers, and was aftei-- 
 wards, for many years, a luember of the Board of Examiners of 
 the Academy. Louisianahas many evidences of his knowledgein 
 mechanics in the bridges he has built in several parishes, and in 
 the Franklin Court Hous»', constructed under his supervision. 
 Mr. Baker studied law in Connecticut, but entered the Kentucky 
 bar, eventually returning to Louisiana, where he continued to 
 practice his profession. In 1829, he was appointed Judge of St. 
 Mary's Parish. Judge Baker owned several large plantations, 
 still he gave much of his attention to steamboating and the 
 lumber trade. In politics, the Judge was a conservative Denu)- 
 crat, and an opponent of secession. General Hancock, of the 
 
44 BIOOEAPHTCAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 United States Army, the Gulf Department Commandant, in 
 1867, appointed him Governor of the State at that time. 
 
 Governor Baker is one of Lonisiana's well-known citizens, 
 who has won many friends, not only by his kindly ways and 
 generous nature, but by the fact that he has always been an 
 upright man. honest in his opinions and principles. 
 
 Note. — Since wi'iting the above (Joveriior Baker lias gone to give tlie record of 
 long years well spent; he died at the residence of his daughter, in Connecticut, on 
 Aprif lath. Disease did not carry him off. 
 
 " He fell like autumn fruit that mellowed long. 
 Even wonder'd at because he dropped no sooner."' 
 
 BBNJAMm FEAIS^KLIN^ FLANDEES. 
 
 B. F. Flanders left New Hampshire, his native State, and 
 made New Orleans his home in 1848: hei-e he studied for the bar. 
 Much of his time has been devoted to teaching in the public 
 schools of Xew Orleans, in which he was. for many years. Princi- 
 pal, being finally chosen Superintendent in the Third Munici- 
 pality, a position he refused. The newspaper business has also 
 received his attention, he ha\ ing been at one time i)ai't propri- 
 etor and one of the editors of the New Orleans Tropic. 
 
 Mr. Flanders has tilled various public positions, all of them 
 important, and in CA'ery instance with merit; but at no time has 
 he been so occupied otherwise, as to overlook the cause, of popu- 
 lar education, of which he lias been so warm an advocate, and 
 for which he has accomplished so much In 1848, he was elected 
 Alderman of the Third Municipality, and again in 18.52; the 
 latter year, he was also appointed Secretary and Treasurer of 
 the Opelousas and Great Western Railroad Company. In 1862, 
 the Federal military authorities made him Treasurer of New 
 Orleans: this office he resigned in a few months, having been 
 elected to represent the First District in Congress. 
 
 In 1868, Mr. Chase appointed him Supervising Special 
 Agent of the Treasury Department for Louisiana, Mississippi 
 and Texas; this he resigned in 1866. For one year he was Presi- 
 dent of the First National Bank of New Orleans, at the comple- 
 tion of which period he withdrew, (reneral Sheridan, U. S. A., 
 created him Military Governor of Louisiana, in June, 1867; he 
 resigned in six months. Governor Warmoth made him Mayor 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 46 
 
 of New Orleans in May of 1870; the ensuing November he was 
 elected to the ottice and held it for the two following years. In 
 1873. General Grant appointed him United States Assistant 
 Treasurei' at New Orleans; this office he has held up to the i>re- 
 sent time. 
 
 HENEY CLAY W AEMOTH. 
 
 Governor Warmoth was born in Illinois, in 1842; he entered 
 the Missouri bar as early as 18tJ0, being soon afterwards aj)- 
 pointed District Attorney for the Eighteenth Judicial District of 
 Missouri. During the late war. Mr. Warmoth was at one time 
 Brigadier General of the Missouri State troops; he resigned to 
 become Lieutenant Colonel of the Thirty-second Kegiment of 
 Missouri Infantry, remaining in this capacity from the first fight 
 at Vicksbujg, until the capture of Lookout Mountain and Mis- 
 sionary Kidge. Afterwards he was Chief of Staff to Major Gen- 
 eral McClernand in the Gulf Department: subsequently, Gen. 
 Banks appointed him Judge of the Provost Court of the Depait- 
 ment of the Gulf 
 
 Col. Warmoth left the Federal Army in 1865, when he un- 
 dertook the practice of law in New Orleans; the following yeai- 
 began his political career, he was sent to Congress by the 
 Republicans; but failed to obtain his seat, on account of the 
 decision by Congress not to re-admit Louisiana. In 1868, the 
 Republicans elected him Governor in opjxjsition to the candi- 
 date on the Indeijendent ticket. 
 
 Gov. Warmoth's party had chosen him pre\'ions to this to 
 represent Plaquemines Parish in the Lower Honse of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of Louisiana, and subsequently elected him to the 
 Constitutional Convention of 1879; he, at one time, made an 
 unsuccessfid run for the State Senate. 
 
 For many years. Governor Warmoth has resided on his 
 plantation, in Platpiemines Parish; it is one of the show places 
 of the State, and is frequently visited by strangers, who are ever 
 sure of a hospitable welcome, from the Governor and his charm- 
 ing wife. 
 
46 BIOGRAPHTCAT. SKETCHES OF 
 
 JOHN McENERY 
 
 Is the bi'other of our j^reseiit Governor, 8. I). McP^iiery; he 
 was born in Virginia, educated at Hanover College, Indiana; is 
 a graduate of tlie New Orleans Law University, and l)egan the 
 practice of his profession in Monroe, Louisiana. At one time 
 he was Registrar in the Monroe Land Office, a position histather 
 had once tilled for eight years; but President Buchanan removed 
 him because he strongly advocated Stephen Douglas for the 
 Presidency, whereupon he returned to the law. During the late 
 troubles between the North and South, Mr. McEnery served 
 with honor and distinction in the Confederate Army, he began 
 as Captain, but was twice promoted for his daring. He was in 
 the field both in Virginia and Georgia, and held the advanced 
 posts at Savannah. In 1.SG3, he took part in the battle of Seces- 
 siouville, recapturing the Eoi't on James Island which had been 
 taken by the Federals, thereby saving Charleston, foj- which act 
 he was greatly commended; he participated in many other bat- 
 tles, being twice wounded. In 1860, he was elected to the Legis- 
 lature, but the Reconstruction Acts of Congress deprived him 
 of his place in 1867. In 1871, Col. McEnery was nominated 
 three times for the Executive Office; in June, by the Democrats, 
 July, by the Democrats and Reformers, and August, by the 
 Democrats and Liberals; he carried the State, as he so worthily 
 deserved to, by a majority often thousand, and yet was counted 
 out by the Republican Returning Board In 1865, under the 
 Allen State Government, (lovernor McEnery had been elected 
 Judge of the Twelfth Judicial Disti-ict of the State. For some 
 years he has been living in New Orleans, where he devotes him- 
 self to his profession. 
 
 WILLIAM PITT KELLOGG 
 Ls a Vermonter, his education was acquired at Norwich I^ni- 
 versity; he removed to Illinois in 1848, where he studied law 
 and applied himself to its practice. He was in the Federal 
 Army during the war of Secession as Colonel of the 7th Illinois 
 Cavalry, and, up to the evacuation of Corinth, commanded 
 Granger's Cavalry Brigade. The last official signature from 
 President Lincoln's hand was that signed to the commission of 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 47 
 
 Kellogg, as Collector of the New Orleans Port, in 1865; Repub- 
 lican Senator from Louisiana to Cougress, elected in 18G8. he 
 resigned in November, 1ST2. tobecoun' Kepublicau candidate for 
 (jioveruor of the State. 
 
 John McEuery was elected by a large majority; but the 
 Keturniug Board so managed matters that Kellogg obtained 
 possession of the Executive Chair which he occupied, under the 
 protests of the peo^jle of Louisiana, until January 5th, 1877. 
 The result of this occupancy was the memorable "Fourteenth 
 of September,'' during which disturbance Kellogg concealed 
 himself in the United States Customhouse, where Federal bayo- 
 nets protected him. A Kepublicau Legislature elected him to 
 the United States Senate, and, in the latter part of 1877, he took 
 his seat; but for years it was contested by the opposing candi- 
 date, Judge Spofford. Govei'uor Kellogg was Louisiana Dele- 
 gate to the Chicago Convention of 18G8, which gave Grant his 
 lirst nomination; Chairman of the Louisiana Delegation to 
 Chicago in 1880, which nominated Gartield, besides having been, 
 in 187G, Chairman of the Louisiana Delegation to the Cincinnati 
 Convention. 
 
 STEPHEN BENNETT PACKARD 
 Was born in Maine, educated at its public schools, and 
 studied law at its bar. He entered a Maine regiment at the 
 very commencement of the civil disturbances, remaining until 
 their close, having earned the grade of captain. During Presi- 
 dent Grant's two administrations he held the ofticial position of 
 United States Marshal of Louisiana. The Republican Conven- 
 tion of 1876 nominated him as candidate for Governor. General 
 Francis T. Nicholls, the Democratic nominee, was favored with 
 eight thousand more votes than were polled for Mr. Packard, 
 yet the latter claimed the Executive Chair, and determined to 
 take it by force. With this view he and his friends, accom- 
 panied by a number of the city police, took possession of the 
 State House (now the Hotel Royalj, whei'e they remained barri- 
 caded for several weeks. President Hayes' recognition uf Gen- 
 eral Nicholls' claims, combined with the effect of the Wheeler 
 compromise, and a change of opinion on the part of some of the 
 
48 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 Republican members of the Legislature, then in sessiou, forced 
 Mr. Packard to yield. President Hayes afterwards sent Mr. 
 Packard to Liverpool, as United States Consul to that port : this 
 responsible position has remained his ever since. 
 
 FRANCIS TILTON NICHOLLS. 
 
 In his biographical sketches Meynier so truthfully depicts 
 Nicholls, the "Chevalier sans peur et sans rej)roche" of Louis- 
 iana. We will quote his words in describing this "Bayard of the 
 South :" •' Brave and capable as a soldier, and incorruptible as 
 a civilian, his private lite lias been above reproach, and his 
 public career in the discharge of both military and civil duty, 
 an unbroken testimonial of his self-sacrilicing devotion to what 
 he considered the best interests of the State in which he was 
 born, and of the people amongst wliom he had spent the most 
 delightful portion of man's existence — boyhood days." 
 
 Governor Nicholls' birth place is Donaldson ville. La. His 
 father, Thomas C. Nicholls, was a Mary lander. He was a lawyer, 
 and had tilled several judicial positions ; but the crowning honor 
 of his life is the fact that to him is due the organization of the 
 tirst temperance society of Louisiana, he himself being its Presi- 
 dent. Governor Nicholls was partially educated at the New 
 Orleans Jefferson Academy ; he completed his studies at West 
 Point, where he graduated in 1855, receiving at the same time a 
 lieutenancy in the Second Regiment of United States Artillery. 
 Later he passed into the Third Regiment, from which he re- 
 signed in the latter part of 185G, with the intention of prepar- 
 ing for the legal profession. After completing his law course 
 he was examined before the Supi^eme Court and licensed in 1858, 
 when he immediately began practicing in Donaldson ville. At 
 the outbreak of the war Governor Nicholls donned the grey, and 
 his military record proves he was "brave as the bravest who 
 wore it." He was at tirst elected captain of a company from 
 Ascension and Assumption. In June, of 18GI, he was chosen 
 Lieutenant Colonel of the Eighth Regiment ol Louisiana V^olun- 
 teers. In 18G2, he was appointed Colonel of the Fifteenth Lou- 
 isiana. Only a few days later he received the commiissiou of 
 
THE GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA. 49 
 
 Brigadier General commanding the Second Louisiana Brigade. 
 Governor Xicholls was no "carpet knight;" his was an active 
 pai't at Wiiicliester, Chancellorsville, Port Royal. At the hrst 
 pUice he lost his right arm and was captured ; at the second a 
 sliell deprived liini of a foot. But neither prison nor wounds 
 could damp his ardent love ol" country. So soou as he was ex- 
 changed, so soon as his wounds wonld permit, he took the 
 field again. He was ordered, iifter Chancellorsville, to take 
 charge of the defence of Lyuchburg, Va., and, in 18()4, was 
 l)laced in conti'ol of the Conscript Bureau of the Trans-Missis- 
 sippi Department : there the close of the war found him. He 
 returned to his extensive practice after the surrender, but was 
 called from it by the Baton Kouge Convention of 187G, which 
 nominated him for Governor. In the election he triumphed 
 over his opponent to the extent of eight thousand votes : the 
 circumstances attending it being related in the sketch of Gover- 
 nor Packard, there is no need to repeat them; suffice it to say, 
 that in his political career, as in his military, he ever led in the 
 [)ath of honor. To-day he lives in New Orleans, quietly attend- 
 ing to his profession : politics know him not ; he is among old 
 friends who esteem him, sui-rounded by a loving family, honored 
 by all who know his name ; and to whom in the whole State of 
 Louisiana is the nanie of Francis T. Nicholls unknown ? 
 
 LOUIS ALFRED WILTZ 
 
 Was born in New Orleans, January 21st, 1843, and educated, 
 in a great measure, at the City Public Schools. He volunteered 
 in the (.Confederate service, as private in the Orleans Artillery, 
 when a lad scarcely eighteen. Before attaining his majority, he 
 was elected Captain of Company E, of the Chalmette Regiment. 
 Not very long after this event, the Regiment had the misfortune 
 of being captured. Governor Wiltz, however, was soon ex- 
 changed, and was ordered on detached duty in the Mississippi 
 Department, being transferred afterwards to the Trans-Missis- 
 sippi Department; subsequently he became Provost Marshal 
 at Franklin, Louisiana, remaining there until the war ended. 
 On his return from the scene of national strife, he felt a growino- 
 
50 RIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES OF 
 
 interest in politics and entered the arena of political strife. In 
 1 SGS, he was chosen by the Democrats to represent them in the 
 State Legislature ; the same year Mr. Wiltz was elected to the 
 Common Council of the City, made School Director, member of 
 the Board of Aldermen and its President. Mr. Wiltz ran twice 
 for Mayor of Ncav Orleans : the tirst time he was elected, but 
 counted out by political trickery ; the second time the Eepubli- 
 cans had the election postponed, but jMr. Wiltz was eventually 
 elected. In 1875, he was a member of the Legislature and 
 Speakei" of the House. 
 
 When Governor NichoUs was the Executive head of the 
 State, Mr. Wiltz became Lieutenant Governor and President of 
 the State Senate: subsequently he was President of the Constitu- 
 tional Convention, and became the choice of the people for the 
 Gubernatorial office in 1879. Not two years of his term had 
 elapsed when all Louisiana was thrown into mourning by his 
 death, on ()ctol)e]' 16, 1881, His demise Avas a shock to the 
 entire community; he was the leader of his party, and hadgi\eii 
 Louisiana his active support in tlie days when her political 
 hoi'izon was one of intense gloom; his was a career of golden 
 promise, and all hearts grieved to see it so prenmturely closed. 
 In his military life Gov. Wiltz was enthusiastic, brave and faith- 
 ful; his political acts wei'e prompted by a desire to ser\ e the 
 State of his birth, and in all things he gave entire satisfaction 
 to his constituents. IS^ever will Louisiana forget the brilliant 
 young Governor, who, in ])eace as in war, was so unselfishly, so 
 entirelv devoted to her cause. 
 
 SAMUEL DOUGLAS McENERY. 
 Wliile Louisiana still wept over the early death of Governor 
 Wiltz, Lieutenant Governor Samuel D. McEnery succeeded, bj' 
 constitutional J'ight, to the Executive chair. He is a Louisi- 
 anian. His collegiate course was pursued at Spring Hill College, 
 the Naval Academy, at Annapolis, Md., and the Virginia Uni- 
 versity. He graduated in his destined pi-ofession at the State 
 and National Law School, of Poughkeepsie, New Yoi-k, in 1859, 
 upon which he went to Missouri for the purpose of pi'actising, 
 
THE GOVEBNOKS OF LOI'TSTANA. 51 
 
 but in twelve montlis returned to Louisiana. Early in 1861, 
 Mr. McE]iei'y entered the voluiiteei- forces of tlie Confederacy, 
 as Lieutenant of the Pelican (Jreys ; a yeai' later he became 
 Lieutenant in the regulai' (Confederate Army, and was placed in 
 command of a cainj) of instruction, near Trenton, La. When 
 the war terminated he again took up his law practice, which 
 proved successful and remunerative. The Democrats Imiuently 
 requested him to enter the political lists, offering him honoral)Ie 
 preferment in the Legislature, or on the Judicial Bench. Finally, 
 he allowed himself to be placed on the same ticket with Mr. 
 Wiltz, in 1879. When Governor Wiltz died, Governor McEnery 
 completed the term left xacant by that great misfortune. In 
 1881. the people elected hiiu for a second term on his own 
 account. This he now tills. Xeed we say how conscieiiciously 
 and satisfactoi'ilyf No ! his actions are present facts that speak 
 for themselves, and that which they tell is all in his favor. 
 
 The writer of these sketches is all unaccustomed to appear- 
 ing before the public and hesitates to take the step since cir 
 cumstances has compelled her work to be so hastily done; no 
 time was allowed for rounding of sentences, or polishing of 
 rhetoric. She feels, however, as a Louisianian "to the manor 
 born'' she must contribute her ''widow's mite" to ttie 
 •'woman's work" in the Louisiana State Department; this 
 desire must be her excuse, and she hojjes will purchase for her 
 the indulgence of all who may venture to read what she has 
 written. But while the style of the work is certainly faulty, the 
 matter should be correct, having been drawn from such sources 
 as Gayarr6, Bunner, Meynier, Darby and Stoddard, and it is 
 hoped this will compensate for othei' deficiencies. 
 
New Orleans, April 20th, 1885. 
 
 'J'o liis Honor, Mayor .1. V. Guillotte, and the City Council of New Orleans : 
 
 Gentleiiicn — I have the honor to submit this my first report 
 as City Commissioner to the World's Cotton Centennial Expo- 
 sition. 
 
 Early in October last I undertook a thorough and systematic 
 canvass of the ditl'erent industries and manufactures of New 
 Orleans, for the purpose of obtaining exhibits in the Louisiana 
 Department. At first I met with very limited encouragement, 
 some manufacturers refusing to exhibit at all; others, the greater 
 luunbei', preferring to display in the Main Building. To the 
 limited space allowed the State of Louisiana, and to the slight 
 importance attached to the State collective exhibit, must be 
 ascribed their refusal and indifference. Their ei-ror is fully 
 demonstrated by the interest and appreciation of the Govern- 
 ment Building, shown by the general public and all papers 
 throughout the States. This was soon understood by many 
 exhibitors, but too late to avail themselves of the limited space 
 allotted to the City of Xew Orleans, Nevertheless, Louisiana 
 has secured a very fair display of the manufactures of her me- 
 tropolis, such as wood, iion, cotton, cotton seed, fertilizers, 
 chemicals, soaps, leather, saddlery, canned goods, licpiors, 
 tobacco, silks, raw, spun and woven, and many others too nuine- 
 ]'0us to mention. 
 
 In connection with the above, I have organized a Ladies' 
 Committee, over twenty in number, representing all sections of 
 the city, and among whom I will specially mention Mrs. Pierre 
 Lanaux and Mrs. Eugene Soniat. Through the untiring efforts 
 and energy of said committee, there has been collected a splen- 
 did display of woman's work and objects of art, all produced 
 by natives or residents of Louisiana. The work of Charitable 
 Institutions and Asylums, which are nearly all represented, is a 
 feature of this exhibition, and draws the attention and enco- 
 miums of all visitors. 
 
 I must also mention the Historical Collection, made by the 
 same committee. It comprises a nearly complete gallery of por- 
 traits of the Governors of the State since the transfer of the Terri- 
 
KEPORT OF COMMISSroNKR CITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 tory of Louisiana to the riiiited States, a fair number of French and 
 Spanish Governors and officers, liistorical paintings and relics, 
 such as arms, banners, conrmissions. autog'rai)hs, etc. A num- 
 ber of the ab()\'e were contributed directly to the State Commis- 
 sioner by different paiislies. ]S'early all these paintings and 
 relics are heir looms, and so tieasured by the owners that they 
 were obtained with the greatest difficulty. They are now exhi- 
 bited for the tirst tinu- ; it is likely they will never be exhibited 
 again. 
 
 The annex ol' the Louisiana. Department, containing the 
 historical exhibits and woman's work, has become a centre of 
 attraction : at all hours it is thronged Avith visitors. 
 
 To Honorable C. J. Barrow, United States Commissiomu- for 
 Louisiana, I am indebted for many favors and valuable aid ; the 
 State Department contributing materially to the installati(jn of 
 the Woman's Work and Historical exhibition. 
 
 To the Ladies' Committee I must credit the snccess of this 
 department. They have worked assiduously during nearly 
 four months, sparing neither time nor trouble ; they have suc- 
 ceeded in their noble and patriotic efforts ; and to them is due 
 the honor of having made Louisiana a centre of attraction. 
 
 Trusting this first report will meet with youi' approval. J 
 remain, very respectfully, 
 
 A. DELAVIGNE, 
 Commissioner for Kew Orleans. 
 
CATALOG U E 
 
 STORIC P,EL1CS }m JINTIQUITIES 
 
 -l^' THE — 
 
 LOUISIANA STATP: DEPARTMENT 
 
 These articles were mostly collected by a committee com- 
 posed of the following New Orleans Ladies: 
 
 Mrs. Pierre Lananx, 
 Mrs. L. JDolhonde, 
 Mrs. J. Anatole Hi neks, 
 Mrs. Eugene Mioton, 
 Mrs. Chas. (layarre, 
 Mrs. Willie Grunewald. 
 Mrs. M. Ashley Townsend, 
 Miss Blanche Bernard, 
 Miss Stephanie St. Martin, 
 IMiss Emilie Delavigne, 
 Miss Therese Vienne, 
 Miss Valentine Vienne, 
 
 Mrs. Eugene Soniat, 
 Mrs. L. Estorge. 
 Mrs. Alfred Roman, 
 Mrs. L. A. Wiltz, 
 Mrs. W. H. Hyatt, 
 Mrs. Jos. Flanner, 
 Miss Delphine Foistall, 
 ^fiss (^orinne St. ]\[artin, 
 Miss Sydonie Wiltz, 
 Miss Victoire Vienne, 
 Miss Louise Vienne, 
 Miss Emilie Coiron, 
 
 Miss E. JJelavio-ne. 
 
 The space allotted to the "Collective City and Country 
 Exhibit'' of the Louisiana Ladies, is in the Louisiana State 
 Department of the Government Building. It is decorated with 
 the French, Spanish, Fedei-al and Confederate colors as being- 
 illustrative of Louisiana's History, and synd^olical of the four 
 Governments under which she has existed. 
 
 Mr. L. Grunewald and the Jesuit Fathers aided the Com- 
 mittee of Ladies by giving the use of parlors at the hall and 
 college for their meetings. 
 
 The Committee gratefully thank Mrs. Field, of the "Pica- 
 yune," and Miss Bisland, of the "Democrat," for favors ren- 
 dered . 
 
CONTRIBUTOKS AND (JONTJtilBUTIOlSS. 
 
 COXTETBT'TOES A XT) COXTRIBITIOXS. 
 
 31lis. M. ToDZWEJj — Contributed tlint lock li«'Vol\ cr l)roiij;lil 
 IVom Blois, 176.S, used in America in (lie War ol" independence. 
 Sword of Jean Lafitte, Pirate of tlie Gulf, pardoned by Frencli 
 (xoveninient for assistance rendered to the Americans at battle 
 of Xew Orleans. 
 
 GF8TAVE Dafboix — < 'utlass of i)omin,i;d Yen. Fii'st Fjieu- 
 tiMiant on Lafirte's Ship. 
 
 J. Moore Soniat-dv-Fosbat — Sword of Colonel .James 
 Bowie, one of the "Heroes of tlie Alamo.'' 
 
 Captain Wm. Bulljtt — Sword of ('olonel ,Ios. Paniell, 
 who. at his own expense, mounted and equi])ped a cavalry rep,i- 
 ment which served during the Revolutionary war. This Hword 
 was also used at the battle of New Orleans, in ISlf). 
 
 H. M. F'AVROT. West Baton Rouge — Silver mounted S^ord 
 which belonged to General (xellusseau; it was not only used in 
 the French Revolution in T 788, but also in the United States 
 during the 'war of 1812; its history can be traced back one hur,- 
 dred and thirty years. 
 
 J. KlTNEMAX, St. James — ^Sword captured at Shih>ii. 
 
 H. M. Favkot, West Baton Rouge — Extremely antique 
 short Sword. 
 
 (7ENERAL John L. Lewis, New Orleans — Silvei- mounted 
 Swoi'd presented to General Kellermau, commander of cavali-y, 
 by tlie Executive Directory, foi- gallant conduct at the l)att]e of 
 Marengo. By his bravery and skillful niilitai-y tactics, Keller- 
 man secured the victory at Marengo, when it was considered 
 lost. General Kellermau himself presented this Sword to his 
 friend General Lewis. 
 
 Mrs. ,J. a. Hincks, New Orleans— Battle Sword of (General 
 H. W. Allen, Avho not oidy was a valiant leader of the Confed- 
 erate forces during the wai- of secession, but also (lOAcrnor oi" 
 Louisiana at the same period. 
 
 Mme. J. Lavergne, New Orleans— Silver mounted Sword 
 and Silver Spurs of Major General Villere. 
 
56 CUNTKlBUTOKiS AND CUNTK1EU'110N>^. 
 
 Mrs. Walter Stauffer — Gold mounted Sword presented 
 to her o-randfatlier, General Zacliary Taylor, by the State ol" 
 Virginia, in recognition of his victories in Mexico. 
 
 Sword and Helmet used by General Taylor during the 
 Mexican war. 
 
 OuAcMiiTA Parish— Swoi'd presented by the Governor 
 General of Louisiana, Don Estevan Miro, to Don Juan Filhiol, 
 first commandant of the District of Onacliita, an*! donor, in 178.'}. 
 of a scpiare of ground on Mliicli is buill tlic Ouachita Court 
 House. 
 
 Labatut — Sword used t>y (Jeneral Labatut at the battle of 
 ^ew Orleans, and by his son during the Mexican war. 
 
 Emile Daboval — Sword used in l>attle of Xew Orleans ))y 
 Captain Cotre. 
 
 H.-M. Favrot — Sword which lu'longed to a member of tlie 
 Body-Guard of the Count d'Artois, afterwards Cliarles X, of 
 France. This arm was brought from Fiance by one of the 
 D'Arensbourg family; it was used at the battle of Xew Orleans, 
 and later belonged to the Freemasons. 
 
 H. F. Bai.dwin — Sword used at tlie battk' of New Orh^ans 
 by Colonel Michel Fortier, in command of a body of colored 
 troops. 
 
 H. M. Favrot— Sword used in 1812 by a United States 
 officer, who died at Baton Eouge in 1822. 
 
 Jno. Seyhourxe Moore — Silver inlaid tlint lock Kitle of 
 Col. Rezin P. Bowie ; this was used in Virginia during the war 
 of secession by a young Confederate soldier. 
 
 D. M. HOLLINGSWORTH — A EiHe bearing on it this inscrip- 
 tion: " Buena Vista, Mexico, February 22nd and 28rd, 1847, 
 First Sargt. D. M. Hollingsworth, Company A, First Missis- 
 sippi Rifles, Col. Jeff. Davis.'' 
 
 Mrs. Gardanne — ^Flint lock Musket with bayonet attached, 
 used at battle of New Orleans by Cassimir Gardanne. 
 
 Mrs. H. Palfrey — Flint lock Musket with bayonet at- 
 tached, used at battle of Xew Orleans, 1815. 
 
 Jos. W. Leayiere — Pistol used at battle of New Orleans. 
 
CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 S. TuRPiN — Flag used at battle of N^ew Orleans. 
 
 Mrs. McDani el— Parade Flag of the West Feliciana Vol- 
 unteers during the Mexican war. 
 
 B. E. Chism — Flag which was carried by the Americans in 
 the Mexican war. 
 
 Mrs. Frank Parkinson — Confedei-ate Flag presented by 
 the ladies of ISTew Orleans to the Crescent Giiai'ds in 1801. 
 
 Oscar Dx'peike — Conlederate Flag carried by Dreux 
 Battalion during the entire Avar of secession ; it is riddled by 
 l)ullets, tatteied and sinoke stained, showing that, like those 
 who bore it, it did its duty 
 
 T^ioxEL Levy— Blood stained Confederate Flag, carried in 
 Miginia during the war of secession, and used to lay over the 
 dead Confederates at their burial. 
 
 J. Watts Kearney — Tomahawk captured from the Rock 
 Island Indians. 
 
 H. M. Favrot — Tomahawk carried by Le Blanc de Ville- 
 neuve. Commandant at Ojielousas, who always wore Indian 
 costume when he went among Indians, and who wrote the tirst 
 literary work ever produced in Louisiana, in 1753. Knife 
 Scabbard and Leather Belt of Le Blanc de Villeneuve. 
 
 Edmond Villere — Document naming Roy de Villere 
 Brevet Auditor of the Louisiana Navy in 1750 ; it contains the 
 autographic signature of Louis XV, of France. 
 
 Miss Josephine Favrot — Document dated January 1st, 
 1751, signed by the Marquis de Vaudreuil, Governor of Louisi- 
 ana under the French Dominion. 
 
 Leave of absence granted to Lieutenant Favrot of the 
 French army in the Province of Louisiana, dated December 22, 
 1773, and having the autographic signature of Louis XV, of 
 France. 
 
 Orders issued to Pierre Favrot, dated January lOth, 1775, 
 with autograph of Louis XVI. 
 
 Military instructions issued to Favrot, Captain of Infantry, 
 dated September 4th, 17G1, signed by Kerlerec, Governor of 
 Louisiana from 1753 to 1763, 
 
58 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 Mrs. L. Dolhoxde — Spanish Dociiiucnt dated Octo))er 12, 
 177o, signed by J. Lalitte, and the autographic answei- of 
 Ynzaga (Spanish Goveinoi- of Louisiana from 1770 to 177!>). 
 dated October 14, 177o. 
 
 Spanish Document dated .July 1st. 17!>7, witli autograi)h of 
 Baron de Carondelet, Spanish Gov<Mnor of Louisiana from 1 7!)2 
 to 1797. 
 
 Rules governing land concessions in Louisiana, dated .luly 
 17, 171>!>. signed by Juan Ventura Morales. 
 
 French Passport of Francois Xavier Uei-bigny, dated 1797; 
 signatures attached are all illegible. 
 
 Sj)anish Passport of Augustin Derbigny. dated August 7. 
 1804, with autograph of Casacalvo, one of Louisiana's Spanish 
 Governors. 
 
 Miss St. Martin — Document, having attached the auto- 
 graph of Baron de Carondelet, Governoi- of Louisiana, dated 
 June 5, 1795. 
 
 Mrs. L. I)()[,H(>x1)K — Act of Sale to the Frsuline Nuns, 
 dated February 8, 1730 or 17.%, signed by Paul Ducatel, 0. 
 J^erbigny and others. 
 
 Panger's Map of New Orleans, showing also the Levee ; it 
 bears date of May 29, 1724, and the certifications in 1817 of 
 Jacques Villere, Governor of Louisiana: Maziireau, Secretary 
 of State : Macarty, Mayoi- : Tanesse, City Surveyor, and JMicliael 
 de Armas, Notary Public. 
 
 View of the Harbor of New Orleans, certified to by the 
 same iiarties. dated 1817. 
 
 Copy of C'ertificate of Baptism performed in St. Louis 
 Cathedral July 21, 1749, signed Dagobert, Vicar General, and 
 also Ynzaga and Joseph Foucher. This Father Dagobert was 
 the Superior of the Capuchin Fi-iars, who, in 1717, had secured 
 for their body exclusive ecclesiastical jurisdiction over New 
 Orleans and a large portion of the territory of Louisiana ; these 
 Friars came from the Province of Champagne. 
 
 Bdmond Villere — Document written by d' Argenton Octo- 
 ber 20, 1790. 
 
CONTKIEUTOES AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 59 
 
 H. F. Baldwin — Autograph Letter by Gayoso de Lemos, of 
 date June 9, 1 798. 
 
 C. A. Thornton, Eapides I'arish — The original last will 
 and testament of Mary Washington, mother of Gen. George 
 Washington, dated May 20, 17S0. 
 
 Exti'act made from the baptismal registry of St. Gabriel's 
 Church in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, JuDe."), ISOS; this extract 
 is a copy of certiticate of a l)aptism performed at this church in 
 March of 1792 by Father Bonaventui-o de Cabo, ajid is signed 
 by Father Desainthiene, the i)astor. The Chuich of St. Gabriel 
 is said to be built on the site where dMberville heard his tirst 
 mass when settling Louisiana. 
 
 P^DMOND Vii.LP^RE — Bre\'et of First Lieutenant, Second 
 Company of Militia in Louisiana, signed by Laussat, counter- 
 signed by D'Angerot. 
 
 Autogra|)h Letter li'om Thomas Jeflerson, of date Septem- 
 ber 24, 1 808. 
 
 Commission as Colonel of the Third Hegiment of Louisiana 
 Militia, issued to Gabriel Villere by W. C. C. Claiborne. 
 
 Commission of Captain in Seventh Regiment of Louisiana. 
 Militia, given to Jean Baptiste Hebert by Governor W. C. C. 
 Claiborne. 
 
 J. S. AiTKTNS — Shi]) raj)ei's signed V)y Thos. Jefferson, 
 President ol" the Ignited States; James Madison, Secretary of 
 State, and James Simons. Collector of Port at Charleston, dated 
 1802. 
 
 Mrs. L. Dolhonde — Lafond's Claims, dated 1810, with 
 niaj) of the city of IS'ew Orleans of that period. 
 
 EL F. BaIvDWIN — Autograph Letter from (General Andrew 
 Jackson, dated January 24, 1815. 
 
 Jules Laver(tNp: — Autograjdi Letter* from (ieneral Andi-ew 
 Jackson to Major General Villere. dated Pleadquarters, January 
 2;}rd, 1815. 
 
 Letter from Genend Lafayette to Mr. Lavergne, dated June 
 2nd, 1812. 
 
60 CONTK'IBUTOKH AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 Letter dated May 4th, 1815, and directed thus: ''To Mr. 
 — , residing on the Levee, near the Church.'' 
 
 Order issued to Felix Forstall, January 11th, 1815, to 
 deliver twenty-three wounded British prisoners, and to demand 
 receipt for same, signed Lavergne ; on the reverse is the receipt, 
 signed P. L- B. Duplessis. 
 
 :\Irs. L. Dolhondk — Power of Attorney given to Charles 
 Derbigny (son of Governer Pierre Derbigny), by Marie Joseph 
 Paul Roeh Yves Gilbert Dumottier Lafayette, Major General in 
 the Revolutionary Army of the Ignited States, dated February 
 16, 1880 ; signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Kobt. 
 K. Hunter and S. I). Boulanger. 
 
 eTuLES Laviirgne — Card of invitation extended to Mr. 
 Lavergneby General Lafayette, June 17, 1812. 
 
 Alfred Lanaux — Autograph Letter from Lafayette to 
 Governor Villere, dated from Lagrange, the residence of Lafay- 
 ette, September 4, 1712. 
 
 J. LAVEK(iNE — Autograph Letter from Lafayette to Mr. 
 Lavergne. Lagrange, July 26, 1812. 
 
 Miss Blanchi: Lorenzon — Autograph Letter from Lafay- 
 ette to Felix Paul — Lagrange, October 8, 1829. 
 
 Mks. Hardy, of Tangipahoa — Tax Bill 1767 and an account 
 sale of 1800. 
 
 Gov. Mouton, St. Martins^'ille — Verbal Process of Andrew 
 Jackson's electoral vote to the Presidency in 1832, drawn by 
 John R. Grimes. This is one of the three original certificates 
 which the law requires to be deposited in the United States 
 Court. It bears signatures of the following electors : J. B. 
 Plauche, Trasimond Landry, A. Mouton. W. H. Overton ; the 
 fifth is illegible. 
 
 Miss C St. Martin — Autographic Letter of Governor W. 
 C. C Claiborne, addressed to Judge St. Martin. 
 
 Jules Lavergne — A petition from the citizens of New 
 Orleans begging to have troops raised and offering money for 
 the purpose, dated September 8, 1813; signed R. J. Ducros, J. 
 Etienne Boree (who first succeeded in granulating sugar in 
 
CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUIIONS. 61 
 
 Louisiana), Moriere Fazende, Delery, Jacques Villere, B, 
 Macaity, F. Bieuveuu, L. C Le Breton Descliapelles, P. La- 
 barre, Clias. Oliver Forcelle, Bei-nard de Marisiiiy. li. Devei'ges, 
 T. Soniat Dufossat, Cirille Ai'uoult, kS. C. Fortier, Louis de 
 Feriet, Guichard J. Bitot. Quau de la Croix, Pierre Pedesclaux, 
 Ijivaudais, Foucher, Moreno, P. Sauve, J. Fortier. T. L. 
 Zeringnes, father and son, Hubert Zeringues, Harang, I). 
 Bouligny, Mayronne, De La Roche, Chas. Dehanlt Delassus, 
 Cazelar, Lefebore, L. J. Beauregard, C. Chiapella, Pierre 
 Lacoste, P. Denis de la Bonde, and several illegible. 
 
 Document signed by Lakanal one of the signers of the 
 death warra,ut of Louis XVI, of France, who, after the restoi-a- 
 tion of the regal government, sought refuge in New Orleans, 
 where he became President of Orleans College. 
 
 Olivier Carrierk — Autographic Letter fi'om General 
 Tjafayette, dated Paris, July '2nd, 1S23. 
 
 Note wi-itten by G. W. Lafayette, son of General Lalay- 
 ette, in which he accepts an invitation to a fourth of July 
 dinner, dated Pai-is, July 3, 1823. 
 
 Mrb. C. de Lacy — Consular Commission signed by Presi- 
 dent John Tyler, and Fletchei- Webster, Acting Secretary of 
 State, September 8, 1827. 
 
 Consular Commission signed by President John Quincy 
 Adams, and Henry (-lay, Secretary of State, Septembei' 8th. 
 1827. 
 
 Miss A. W. Elliott — Military Orders issued to Captain 
 Shaw, December 15, 1814 ; signed by A. Laneuville, Adjutant 
 General. 
 
 H. F. Baldwin — Bond issued by General Narcisso Lopez, 
 dated New Orleans, April 30, 1850, and bears autograph of 
 Narcisso Lopez, J. Sanchez Tuzaga, Ambroise Jose Gonzales and 
 C. P. Smith. 
 
 Miss D. Forstall — A newspaper entitled " Olden Times;'" 
 it is a cojjy of the " New Oilcans Telegraph,'' published July 
 21, 1804, containing the first fourth of July oration delivered 
 in Louisiana, on which occasion Mr. Pierre Derbigny,afteiwards 
 fifth Governor of Louisiana, was the orator. 
 
62 CONTRTBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 Mrs. L. Dolhonde — " Moiiiteui- de la Loiiisiane.'" August 
 IG, 1804 : it contains an address of tlie Ignited States Congress 
 to tlie Canadians, in 1774. Tlie " Monitenr " was the tii'st papei- 
 ever published in Louisiana ; it made its appeaiance in 1794. 
 under the auspices of the Baron de Caiondelet. 
 
 "Journal de Paiis," Marcli 1L>, ISIS. 
 
 Miss S^■I)0^'IK Wif/rz — Fiist Directory of the City of New 
 Orleans, i)ublished in 1811. 
 
 Chas. a. Mouton, Lafayette Parish — Folio of the "ruittMl 
 States Gazette," published in New York and Fhiladeli)hia from 
 July 22, 1790, to January 21, 179L. 
 
 Miss FoRSTALL — •' Le Passe Temps,"" publisiied in Louisi- 
 ana in the French language, January 5, 1828. 
 
 ()i.[VIi;k Carrjeke — ''Monitenr de la Louisiane,"" August 
 9, 1809. 
 
 Aloide Momx) — Ulster County "(iazette,"' of January 4tli. 
 1800 : this contains an account of (Jeneral Waslnngton"s death 
 and funeral. 
 
 A. W. Elliott — Ten Colonial Cui-rency Bills: framed. 
 
 H. F. Baldwin — The ''Telegraph,"" of 1804; it is printed in 
 both Fiench and English, and is the lirst paper in wJiich tlie 
 Fnglish language appeaivd in Louisiana; it contains Derbigny's 
 fourth of .Inly oration. 
 
 Miss Helen Eastin, Lafayette J^arish — J*resident Jacksoji's 
 fii'st message to the United States iu 1829. 
 
 Ma.jor Potts — A Colonial Bill of Revolutionary days, a 
 Bill of the F^rench Revolution, and one of f^mfederate Rebel- 
 lion, dated respectively 17 7(5, 179;>, and 1801 : they are framed 
 together so as to repiesent the three great Re\olutions No- 
 vember 2d. 
 
 Miss Laitra G. Keller — Autograph Letter from General 
 Washington to Governor (Minton. of New York, dated Head- 
 quarters, F^redericksburg. 
 
 Very old Map of the City of New Orleans, and of the mouth 
 of the Mississippi rivei". 
 
CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. (>^ 
 
 Mrs. Eug. SoNiiT-Dr-FosiSAT — Land survej' madn on tlic 
 Ohio river, iii the colony of Virginia, for Ensign John Harper, 
 .Inly 20, 177;^. according- to an order issned in 17(j.'}. by his Ma- 
 jesty, George J II. 
 
 Map of I'Ouisiana and of the Mississip])i river at the lime it 
 was explored by DeSoto. 
 
 M. C. Randali. — ^Actsof the first session oil lie first Legisla- 
 tuic of the Territory of Orleans, March 2(), lS()(i. 
 
 (iABRiEL Vtllb:ke — Biography of the Roner de Viller^ 
 family, descendants of Etienne Roy de Villere, who accomi)a- 
 nied Ibei'ville in his very first voyage to the Mississip])i ; and 
 among whom were Joseph Roy de Villere, apx)ointed by Louis 
 XY Secretary of the Navy in Louisiana in 1750, and who after- 
 wards fell victim to O'Reilly in 17<)7, and also James Philip Vil- 
 lere, second Governor of Louisiana. Major Gabriel Villere, son 
 of the Governor, escaped from the British troops who had cap. 
 turedhim on his lather's plantation, and at the risk of his life 
 made his way to New Oi'leans and announced the arrival of the 
 Jiritish to Jackson ; this being his tirst information conceruiug 
 their landing. 
 
 Mrs. Eug. Soniat-du-Fossat — Passport of Colonel Rezin 
 P. Bowie, member of the House of Representatives of Louisiana, 
 giving him permission to gt) by land to '' Texan in Mexico;'' 
 dated June IG, 1831, signed A. B. Roman, Governor of Louis- 
 iana, George A. Waggaman, Secretai-y of State, and R. P. Bowie, 
 Bearer of Passport. 
 
 Address of the Louisiana House of Representatives to the 
 people of France, congratulating them on the success of theii- 
 Revolution of July 27, 28, 29, 1831. This is printed on satin 
 and su]'rounded by the names of the Representatives of each 
 parish. In addition to these are those of A. B. Roman, Gover- 
 nor of Louisiana ; George A. Waggaman, State Secretary ; A. 
 Mouton, President of the House ; A. Pitot, Secretary ; L. Allard» 
 T. C. Nicholls, andChas. Gayarro, Reporter for Committee. 
 
 Mrs. L. Dolhonde — Actsof first session of tirst Legislature 
 of the ^tate of Louisiana, July 27, 1812. 
 
 H. F. Baldwin— The Weekly "Picayune.'' New Orleans, 
 
04 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIiilTTIONy. 
 
 September 7, 1840, containiiio; a notice headed : A niie inven- 
 tion — " Tlie Steam Engine." 
 
 H. F. Baldwin — Sunday '•])elta," New Orleans, Febinaiy 
 10, 18()1, containing sketch of Jeff. Davis' life an<l notice of liis 
 election to the Presidency of the (Confederate States of America. 
 
 Zenon DE MoBUEi.LE — Monilng "Courier." i)ul>lislHHl at 
 Port Hudson, May 11, ISO.'i 
 
 Files of the "x^voyellfs Pelican," from October 12, 1801, to 
 January of 1863, and from end of January, 18();), to March 12, 
 1804. These papers are printed on wall paper, the uni\'ei'sal 
 suV)stitute foi- printing paper when it was exhausted in the South 
 during the war of secession. These files were preserved by A. 
 «& A. D. Lafargue, editors and proprietors of tlie paper. 
 
 Mrs. Fug. Soniat-du-Fo«sat — ^The "Daily Citizen,'' 
 Vicksl»urg, July 2, 1803: it is i)rinted on wall paper. This 
 papei' had been set in type by the Confederates, and some I'cmark 
 made in it as to how little danger there was that (Jraiil would 
 take his fourth of July dinner in Vicksburg : the city was en- 
 tered by Grant l)efore the papei' was issued, the Federals com- 
 j)leted it, adding these lines on July 4th : "Two days bring 
 about great changes ; the banner of the Union floats over Vicks- 
 burg- This is the last M^all paper edition, and is, excepting 
 this note, from the types as we found them.'" 
 
 H. F. Baldwin — Confederate newspaper on wall paper. 
 
 Miss Sadie Marshall — Pen Point used by Henry Mar- 
 shall, of DeSoto Parish, to sign the secession of Louisiana, and a 
 second Pen used by him to sign the act of secession of the Con- 
 federacy. 
 
 Constitution of the Confederate States — desk copy used by 
 Ml". Marshall in the Southern Congress, and corrected aiul 
 revised by him ; also a second copy printed after revision used 
 by him. 
 
 H. F. Baldwin — Louisiana Spelling Book, pul)lislied in 
 the Confederacy in 1864, containing brief sketches of Confed- 
 erate Generals, principal exents in Louisiana History, names of 
 the Government and State officials, roll of the State Legislature 
 of 1864. 
 
CONTRIBUTOK8 AND CONTitlBUTIONS. (>5 
 
 Mrs. Jos. H. Oglesby — A book, "Joseph Tand his Court," 
 printed during the war of secession, and hound in wall paper. 
 
 Miss JosEPiirME Favrot — Docnments signed by Louis XV 
 and Fjouis XVI; one by d* Iberville, oiu' by Kerlerec and 
 auothei- by Vaudreuil. "L"Aini des iiois,'' printed in Xew 
 Orleans, 1815; "Gazette de Baton Eouge," 1821; "Tele- 
 graphe," 18(){>; Supplement of "Moniteur;" Almanacs of 1805 
 and 1812. 
 
 Henry Palfrkv — l^incnshion made of scraps of Hrst (-on- 
 I'ederate flag belonging to Louisiana. 
 
 JoHX A. Watktns — Imperial Hagle from the shako of a 
 Fiench soldier : it Avas found on the battle held of Waterloo. 
 
 Mrs. Barbey — Duchesse lace collar and cuffs worn by 
 Louise de la Valliere during the reign of Louis XfV. 
 
 Mrss Leoxik Pi< 'hot— Rosary of ambei- and I\eli<|uary of 
 Limoges enamel, which belonged to the Duchesse d' Angouleme, 
 daughter of Louis X VI. 
 
 Miss Anna Gordon— Locks of hair of Marie Antoinett<", 
 of her daughter, Mde. Royale, and of hei- son, the Dauphin. 
 
 Mrs. Samuel H. Kennedy — Lock of hair cut from the 
 head of Xajjoleon I by Gen. Bertrand at St. Helena. 
 
 Mrss C St. Martin— Scarf and ribbon badge worn by (ren. 
 Lafayette. 
 
 Mr. PiKiH, of Amite City — Ball dress worn by Miss Chap- 
 man at a reception given to Gen. Lafayette on his visit here 
 in 1825. 
 
 Mrs. L. DoriioNDE — Tea set belonging to (iovernor Piene 
 Derbigny and used at a fete given by him to Gen. Lafayette. 
 
 Set of Rhine Stone Jewelry, belonging for two hundred 
 years to the Derbigny family, and woi-n by Mrs. Governoi- 
 Derbigny. 
 
 Medal commemorating execution of Louis XVl. 
 
 Mrs. de Laca' — Lock of Andrew Jackson's hair. 
 
 Miss B. Bernard — Also a lock of Jackson's hair. 
 
66 CONTRIBUTORS AND (JONTKIBUTIONS. 
 
 Colonial bill of |30, July '^2. 1770, and a copper cent of 
 near the same date. 
 
 Dr. Sam. Logan — Silver medal, fac simile of a gold one 
 presented to Gen. Zachary Taylor by the State of Louisiana in 
 honor of his Mexican victories ; thei-e were several silver and 
 bronze fac similes struck otf and pi-esented by the Legislature ' 
 to men of distinction ; this one was given to Judge King, of 
 Opelousas. 
 
 Inkstand made of the hoof of a horse killed while being 
 ridden by Gen. Beauregard at the battle of Manassas. 
 
 Mrs. Mc'Keough — Sun-bonnet made of pine straw, and 
 Morn in Alabama during the secession war. 
 
 Mrs. E. T. Merrick — Bit of li<>niesi)nn clotli woven in tlie 
 Confederacy, and worn during the wai' as a ball dress by a 
 Southern girl. 
 
 Waiter given with a tea set to .Joseph Locke, of Tennessee, 
 
 as premium on best cotton raised in Ouachita Parish in -, 
 
 and sample of cotton. 
 
 Silver dipper given as preminm to .Joseph Locke for three 
 best bales of cotton in 1S4.'"), and sam])le of cotton. 
 
 Mrs. F. S. de Lacy— Irish newspaper, "The Nation," 
 containing one of Thomas Moore's songs, printed in the Irish 
 tongue. 
 
 ''The Ai-gns," published New Orleans, T.S24. 
 
 " Louisiana Statesman," Lafayette, -June 21st, 1845. (Lafay- 
 ette is now the Fourth District of New Orleans : but in 1845 was 
 a separate corpoi-ation). 
 
 Five water color pictures, repi'esenting female beauties of 
 the beginning of this century. 
 
 Two pieces of tapestry work done in 1820. 
 
 A watch, semi-globular in shape, eighty-five years old. 
 
 Frank T. Bartlett — Watch charm made of bit of flag 
 staff" of Fort Sumter. 
 
 Small white grounded Confederate flag. 
 
 Photograph of hoisting of first Confederate flag put up in 
 New Orleans ; jjicture was taken at the moment. 
 
CONTRIBUTORS AND OONTRFBUTIONS. Cu 
 
 Mrs. M. a. TRIPLER—Mne old books, ])ul)lishefl in London 
 in tlie seventeeutli, eigliteentli and niiieteenth centuries. 
 
 ''Historical Remarques and ( )bservations of the Ancient 
 and Present State of London and Westminster, by Burton. 
 
 Old prayer and psalm book, pi'inted at Oxford. 1704 — 
 Queen Anne's time. 
 
 Christian Sacrifice, printed in London, l(>75 — Charles 11 
 reign. 
 
 Ladies' Magazine, London, 1779, 17S7, JS07. 
 
 (lentlemen's Magazine, London; 1787. 1800. 
 
 Antique cu]) and saucei". from India. 
 
 Pitcher, eighty years old, commemorating victory of Lord 
 Nelson. 
 
 Antique j^itcher, over one hundred years old. 
 
 Mrs. F. S. de Lacy — Antique embroidei-y on silk. 
 
 Autograph letter from Xapoleon Til, written while in exile. 
 
 Memorial medal, worn at Washington's funeral 
 
 Autographs of John Quiucy Adams. John Tyler, Fletcher 
 Webster and Henry Clay. 
 
 A badge worn at, and ode commemorative of, opening of 
 Croton Aqueduct, New York. 
 
 Mrs. Chas. Gayarre — Dagger of Lafitte. 
 
 Mrs. Vredenburgh — Portrait and will of Bishop Dubonrg, 
 who was the second Bishop consecrated expressly for the diocese 
 of Louisiana. Bishop Penalvert, who first had charge of the 
 Church in Louisiana, belonged to Havana. Bishop Porro was 
 consecrated for Louisiana, but died before leaving Rome. 
 Bishop Dubourg was consecrated soon after this. 
 
 Mrs. McDonald — Medal of Commodore Ed. Preble. 
 
 Sword belonging to B. F. Reed in 1804. 
 
 Dr. Souchon — Engraving of battle of Ni^w Orleans. 
 
 Piece of battle flag of 1815. 
 
68 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 Miss Guyot — Flag Staff used at battle of New Orleans. 
 
 Miss Fayrot — Lady's N'etted Cap, OYer 100 years old. 
 
 Miss Emily Coiron — Sunday "Delta" of April 12th. 1S,")7. 
 giYing an account of the introduction of sugar cane into Louisi- 
 ana in 17.")!. by the Jesuits of Leoganne, Bay of Port an Prince. 
 St. Domingo, who sent it, and shives accustomed to its culture, 
 to the branch of tlieir order in New Oi-leans. The cane was of 
 the Malabar oi- Bengal variety, since called Creole cane, and 
 was planted by the Jesuit Fathers, in what is now the first dis- 
 tinct of the city ; but what was at that time their plantation, 
 and just above the upper limits of New Orleans, as i* then ex- 
 isted. The Otaheitan Cane was brouglit fiom the West Indies 
 somewhere in 171>6 or 1707. This paper also describes the intro- 
 duction of the red or purple ribl)on cane, which is a native of 
 Java ; in or near 1814 an Amei-icaii schooner bionglit a few 
 bundles of tliis cane from a Dutch cokmy, at St. Eustatius. to 
 Georgia, where they were planted by a Mi-. King, not fai' from 
 the mouth of the Savannah river, on St. Simon's Island. In 
 1S17, John Jos. Coiron brought a dozen canes fiom there and 
 planted them in his gaiden, at Teriv aux Pweufs. In 18->5, Mr. 
 Coiron, having succeeded in his exi>erinicnt with the first cane, 
 impoi'ted a sloop load from Savaimah. which he planted on his 
 St. Sophie i)lantation (hnown since as the Millaudon Place), 
 about thirty-six miles below New Orleans. In this manner was 
 the Javanese or ]-il)bon cane brought to Louisiana. Mr. Coiron 
 made gifts of it to his friends, and the cultui-e l>ecame genei-al. 
 
 A. P. Palm — Indian Relics — Two pottery vases and eiglit 
 tomahawk heads from Mounds, near Arkadelphia. 
 
 One green tomahawk head, one arrow head, and p(n-tion of 
 bead necklace from Mound, in Virginia. 
 
 Louisiana tomahawk and four arrow heads liom Tangi- 
 j)ahoa. 
 
 Twenty-two roughly finished arrow lieads, eighteen un- 
 finished arrow heads and two knives, found on the Menelas 
 estate, two miles from Brookhaven. Miss. 
 
 One tomahawk, twenty one arrowheads, twelve spear heads 
 and a pestle from CaveC'lty . C'lay head and collection of broken 
 pottery ware from shell mounds, near Portersville, 
 
CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 69 
 
 Two spear heads, one small chisel, seventeen arrow heads, 
 lour siiikei'S, two disks, and portion of tomahawk from sliell 
 mounds near Mobile. 
 
 Stone pi])e from sand hanks near Bainbridge, (ieoioia. 
 
 A. P. Ralli — East India Arms, consisting ol" one black 
 buck horn shield, saciificial knife, bludgeon, sword with gaunt- 
 let, gun, three swords, two daggers, spear spike, calai- bickava 
 and shield of oinanuMited hide. 
 
 Three Japanese swoids. 
 
 One Turkish sword. 
 
 Six Turkish pistols. 
 
 All)anian jdstol with ramrod. 
 
 P'our Circassian daggei's. 
 
 Mrs. C H. Tebault — Silver Tea Spoon brought ovei- on 
 the May Flower, by William Bradford. 
 
 Miss Sidonie Wiltz — Latin Document written on parch- 
 ment, previous to the era of printing. 
 
 OuiviER Carkieke — Papal deci-ee written in Latin on 
 parchment, in 1455: 
 
 Mrs. M. a. Tripler — " Textus Senteutiam" of Peter of 
 Lombardy, teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas ; this book is printed 
 in old Latin and Eoglish black letter ; it is bound in beech- 
 wood and bear skin, and was printed in 1488, printing itself 
 having beeu then in use only forty years. Attached to the book 
 is an iron hook, by which, in the times when books were trea- 
 sures and carefully guai'ded, it was chained to a reading desk in 
 a Monastery. 
 
 Mrs. Tripler — "Historic of Philip de Commines, Knight 
 aud Lord of Argenton ; London, 1596.'' 
 
 Book of Magick of John Baptista Porta, a JSTeapolitan ; 
 printed 1658. 
 
 Fac Simile of Death Warrant of Charles I. with liis por- 
 trait attached; also the signatures of those who ordered his 
 execution. 
 
 Carved Chest of English Black Oak, live hundred years old, 
 
'0 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 which came originally from Worcester Cathedral; church records 
 were kept in it; the Catholic Church was despoiled of it 
 iu the days of Henry VIII. 
 
 Wedding Slippers of George 111 reign. 
 Small painting of English Lady by Sir Joshua Reynolds. 
 Crayon Drawing by Penryn Williams, of Wales. 
 Two extremely old Aquarelles from Somei'set shire, in 
 England. 
 
 Jno. Connelly — Two German China Phites over two hun- 
 dred years old. 
 
 Mrs. E. T. Merrick — Plate with picture of McDouogh's 
 victory on Lake Champlain. 
 
 Mrs. Dolhoxde — Plates which belonged to Governoi- 
 Pierre Derbigny. 
 
 Miss S. Marshal!- — Cup beai-ing picture of Commodore 
 Porter. 
 
 Alfred Kearny — Revolving bronze Inkstand. 
 
 Miss Sidonie Wiltz — Bronze Mortar and I*estle three 
 hundred jears old. 
 
 Miss Julia Herrick — Extremely old Cream Jug. 
 
 Miss Regina Fremaux — Cujj and Saucer which seems to 
 be made from some specie of peculiar marble ; but it is of plain 
 white china, on which this effect was produced by ])urning iu 
 the great Chicago fire. 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Jones — Book bound in alligator hide. 
 
 John Connelly — Medal struck off in honor of Wm. Pitt, 
 Earl of Chatham, ha\ing on it his efiigy. 
 
 Mrs. H. Wehrmann — Original Music Manuscripts of 
 Gottschalk (1855), one of which is veiy curious. Also speci- 
 mens of Music Plate engraving done by the contributoi-. 
 
 Mrs. L. Dolhonde — Game of Patience, dated 1811. 
 
 Mrs. Vredenburgh — Tumbler having on it a smdl like- 
 ness or picture of the Count de Cbambord : this was once the 
 property of the Duke de Berry. 
 
OONTRIBUTORy AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 71 
 
 Olivier Carriere — Autograph Letter of Victor Hugo. 
 
 George Josse, of Vermillionville — Violiu iiuicle l)y the 
 contributor. The bottom is of Guarnerius, the cek-biated violin 
 inaker Mr. Josse constructed the balance of the instrument, 
 and elaborately inlaid the back with marquetteries representing 
 the Dome of St. Peter, at Rome, and the Escurial, of Madrid. 
 
 Mrs. Christina Harrison — Table Cloth woven in 1750. 
 
 Mrs. M. W. Dodd— Copy of Virgil presented to Eleanor 
 Ckistis by Martha Wii»shington. 
 
 Mrs. W. a. Carey — Embroidered Velvet Cape worn tifty 
 years ago by Mrs. Carey, grand niece of T'homas Jefteison. 
 
 Scarf spun and netted by Thomas Jefferson's sister from 
 some of the first cotton grown in the State of Virginia. 
 
 "News from the Stars," an astronomical pamphlet printed 
 in 1692. 
 
 Portrait of Thomas Jefferson taken in Paris while he was 
 Minister to France, 1784. 
 
 Mrs. J. Y. Gilmore — First issue of the " Morning Herald," 
 New York, May 6, 1835. 
 
 St. Vincent Asylum — Curious Walking Cane made of 
 horn circles joined together, 
 
 E. MgGehee, West Feliciana — Walking Cane made by an 
 Indian, and carved by him to represent his idea of the Egyptian 
 Plague. 
 
 Mrs. E. T. Merrick — A Spinning Wheel presented to Mrs, 
 Benjamin Trumbull when she was married, December, 1760. A 
 towel woven from flax spun by her on this wheel, and a sample 
 of the dax she used. 
 
 Ike C. Dick — French Huguenot Bible, 316 years old. 
 
 Mrs, J. R. Perry — Thimble, sixty years old. 
 
 Mrs. Eug. Soniat-du-Fossat — Antique Spanish gold 
 Needle Case. 
 
 Miss David a Trump y — Norwegian Medal, 
 H. McKnight, Grant Parish — Miniature Portrait of Gen- 
 eral Hugh Waddel, a British ofi&cer, afterwards an officer of the 
 
iJ CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 Colonial Army of tlic ll('\()lutioii. It was painted by Sir Josliiia 
 Keyiiolds. 
 
 Mrs. 1). FoRSTAiJ,— Watch of Lafitte. "the Pirate.'' 
 
 Miss May Cl/ck— Miniature of Commodore John Henry 
 Clack, I'liited States Xavy, a nati\e ol Mecklenburg, N'ii-ginia ; 
 ] tainted 1S2(>. 
 
 Miss E. Bernard — INTetal Buckle of tlie last century. 
 
 Mrss SiDONiE WiLTZ — Coin of KilH. attached as bangle to a 
 bra(;elet eighty years old. 
 
 Mrs. M. C. Kaile — Cross made from a bit of the Charter 
 Oak. 
 
 Box whicli belonged to a Toilette Set presented to Mi's. 
 Martha Washington by (ieneial Washington. 
 
 S. H. Davis, (ireen City, Missouri — The oldest Duplicate 
 Draft of the Banking Mouse of Benoist, Shaw & Co., of Xew 
 Orleans ; being for four hundred dollars, and dated July 24, 185;"). 
 
 Mrs. C. E. Kelly — Antique silver Shoe Buckle, set with 
 brilliants. 
 
 Very old gold Shoe Buckle. OAal shaped, and set with bril- 
 liants. 
 
 T. W. WiLMARSH, Jr. — English Penknife of 1740, used for 
 lifly years, and brought to America in 1790. 
 
 Mrs. C. E. Kelly — Locket, heart-shaped, made of crystal 
 and gold, i^resented to a child in Pensacola, Florida, by a squaw 
 w ho had taken it from the neck of a lady massaci'ed at Fort 
 Mims, Alabama. 
 
 Mrs. EiT(i. Sontat-du-Fossat — Exti-emely old Pincushion, 
 bound around with a silver hoop, and made to hang from a 
 lady's waist. 
 
 Mrs. C. E. Kelly — Two antique Spanish Combs, one of 
 Tortoise shell, the other of silver, set with brilliants; these 
 were worn by a Florida lady during the days of the Spanish 
 Regime. She never wore a bonnet until after the cession of 
 Floiidato the United States. 
 
 M Rs. BuDDENDORF — Quecu Auue Jiible. 
 
CONTEIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 Miss May Clack — Bible of the Livingstone family, pi-inted 
 1765. 
 
 Mrs. EiG. Soniat-du-Fossa'!' — Travels in Anieriea inisoi;. 
 pi'inted in London in ISOS. 
 
 "Primitive Physic" a medical work, written in ITS,") by 
 Jonn Wesley; with prefaces from live ditferent ministers. 
 
 Mks. 1)£ Lacy — Baby Dress, two baby Shiits, and a baby 
 Cap, all being fine needle work, forty-tive years old. 
 
 Waist of ball Diess worn in ISOL'. 
 
 Hand embroidered Fichn made tweuty-tixe years ago, and 
 embroidered Pincushion of same date. 
 
 liaby Dress of transferred work made foity-tiAe years ago. 
 
 •'The Orphans," apiece of embroidery done previous to 
 1812. 
 
 N'ery tine crocheted Collai', piece of point lace, and lady's 
 Reticule, all vei'y old. 
 
 (Jold Chain made in Paj'is. in 177."). 
 
 Mrs. McKEOiKiH — Portrait of Lsaiah Thomas, a Bostonian, 
 who in his youth was a printer, and passed from town to tow n 
 with his press on his back; during the Kevolution he published 
 the "Massachusetts Spy" in Worcester, Mass, and became a 
 celebrated patriot of the Revolution. He founded the Antiqua- 
 rian Society of Worcester, giving land for its buildings, a public 
 hall, a library of one thousand volumes, and several thousand 
 dollars; he was himself first Pi-esident of the Society. 
 
 Green silk Umbrella carried by Isaiah Thomas, when travel- 
 ling through Massachusetts, as a printer. 
 
 Tea Set that came over on the May Flowei-, an<l belonged to 
 Lsaiah Thomas. 
 
 Bible printed by Isaiah Thomas in 1791. 
 Sash worn by wife of Isaiah Thomas in 1785. 
 
 Blue China Bowl, which is one of the first pieces of crockery 
 nnide in the United States, and belonged to Isaiah Thomas.- 
 
 Mrs. de Lacy — Ticket of Invitation to Buchanan's Inau- 
 guration Ball, 1857. 
 
74 C'ONTRIBUTOEH AND CONTRIBl TIONS. 
 
 " The Louisiana Statesman," dated .June Ul, 1845, contain- 
 ing- account of General Jackson's death. 
 
 Mrs. E. M. Kelly— Pictuiv of (leneial Placide Deforest 
 and family, painted one hundred yeai's ago by a Spanish artist. 
 
 Portrait of Auguste Donee, a Parisian, who was present at 
 Marie Antoinette's execution ; not long after, he came to New 
 Orleans, became an American citizen, and carried arms under 
 Jackson all during the war of 1812-15. After the battle of New 
 Orleans Jackson wrote him a complimentary letter for his 
 l)ra\ery. In 1826, Mr. Donee established himself in Mexico, 
 and during the troubles which took place in the City of Mexico 
 December 5, 1828, his store' and house were pillaged ; this pic- 
 ture was mutilated and carried off to head(|uarters, from whence 
 it was afterwards returned to the family. 
 
 Portrait of L. D. Deblanc de St. Denis, of whose bravery 
 and enterprise, such as going by land to Mexico entirely alone, 
 or pursuing the Indians without aid, many anecdotes were told, 
 was the Couunandant at Natchitoches, in 1730, when the French 
 were massacred by the Natchez Indians. 
 
 Sent by Ursitline Convent — An Engraving, i-epresenting 
 the ari'ival of the Ursuline Nuns from Spain in 1727 ; they were 
 live months making the trip. 
 
 Portrait of Pierre Soule, American Minister to Spain. 
 
 John L. Lewis — Portrait of Genei-al Jackson. 
 
 Dr. SotTCHON — p]ngraving of battle of New Orleans. 
 
 Mrs. Sophie Blanoq — Portrait of Chas. F. D'Aunoy, son of 
 Nicholas F. D' Aunoy and Brigitte de Macarty. He was Colonel 
 of Artillery in Louisiana, and entered the service of Spain under 
 the reign of Charles III. When Louisiana was ceded to the 
 United States he followed his regiment to Spain, was promoted 
 to the rank of Major General, and died Captain General of 
 Andalusia under the reign of Ferdinand YII. 
 
 G. D. CouLON — Portrait of Ah-pissah, a Choctaw Prince of 
 Louisiana. 
 
 Pere Antoine de Sedella, who was a Capuchin Friar, and 
 made curate of the old Church of St. Louis in New Orleans, 
 
CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 75 
 
 November 25. 1785, Pere Antoine was a remarkable mau aud 
 idolized by the pe<>i>le of the city : he died January 20, 1829. 
 
 Mit^s May Clack — Portrait of Colonel P^ranklin H. Clack. 
 Ci-esceiit Regiineiit, Conledeaate Army, wIkj was killed at the 
 battle of Mansfield, La., April 9, IS()2. 
 
 (lEN. William E. Dojkie — " The Council of the (Jods," 
 in bronze, by Benevenueto Cellini. 
 
 Mr. Clark — Portrait of Lieutenant Colonel Chas. Didier 
 Dreux, a Creole of Louisiana, descended from some of the best 
 families in the State, a talented man and brave soldier; was the 
 first Confederate officer killed in the late war. Pre\'ious to the 
 war, ('olouel Dreux had oi{;anized the Orleans Cadets, of which 
 he was Captain ; it was the first \ olunteer organization in this 
 city to ofier its sej'\ices to the (3onfedej"acy. This companj^ and 
 tive others, all volunteeis, were formed into Dreux's Battalion, 
 known every where as Dreux's celebrated Battalion, and Captain 
 Dreux became its Lieutenant Colonel. This chivali'ous soldiei- 
 was killed at Xewpoi't News, Va., July 8, 1801. 
 
 Mr8. Eug. SoNiAT-DU-FossAT — Photograph of the old Court 
 House, 219 aud 221 Royal street, where Jackson was sentenced 
 to one hour's imprisonment and $1000 fine for proclaiming mai'- 
 tial law in New Orleans, in 1815. This ancient landmark is now 
 occupied as afui-niturestore by (.'has. Watrigant, a descendant of 
 Louis XIV. 
 
 Chas. Watrigant — Bust of Louis XYI. 
 
 Mrs. Evans — Portrait of Autonio Mendez. 
 
 Ceneral de Clouet — Portrait of Agricole Fuselier, the 
 original of one of Cable's characters in ''The Grandissimes." 
 
 Mrs. Chas. Gayarre — Poitrait of Hon. Chas. Gayarre. 
 
 Mrs. Eug. Sonia t-du-Fossat — Photograph of Hon. (jhas. 
 Gayarre, "Louisiana's Historian.'' Mr. Gayarr6 has held va- 
 rious public ijositions of honor and trust in his native State ; but 
 it is as her Historian, her Biographer, he has won fairest laurels 
 for himself and her. 
 
 Sugar Exchange — Etienne de Bore, grandfather- of Judge 
 Gayarre, was a sugar planter, who after many experiments sue- 
 
76 CONTRIBUTORS AND CONTRIBITTIONS. 
 
 ceeded in doing' that in which Mendez, Soils and others had so 
 utterly tailed; that is iu gi-anuhitiug sugar. In 171)2, Mr. de 
 Bore purchased laud just a few luiles above Xew Oileans, 
 employed a man by the uame ot Moi'iu, who had made sugar in 
 St. Domiugo, purchased caues ol' Mendez, who had endeavored 
 to make sugai- iu 1791, and started a sugar plantation. Mr* 
 Mendez in his ettbrts to granulate the caue juice had purchased 
 the same sugar-making apparatus with which Mr. Solis had 
 tailed iu 1790, at Terre aux Bceuts, below New Orleans, but Mi\ 
 Bor6 caused Morin to put up works exactly like those used in 
 St. Domingo. Two years weie consuuied iu planting and build- 
 ing; in 1795, Mr. Bore's expectations began to be realized, and 
 in 1796 he had the triumpli of making the first sugar crop of 
 Louisiana, which was sold for .1512,000. Aftei- this the culture of 
 cane soon sui)erseded that of indigo, and Louisiana's sugai' crojj 
 of the year 1800, yielded fifteen million livi-es, 
 
 Mr, Genin -Portrait of Gustave de Toutant de Beauregard, 
 Creole of Louisiaiui, General in the Confederate States Army. 
 Beaui-egai'd's uame throughout Louisiana is a household word; 
 he is so widely known there is no need to say aught of him. 
 
 General de Ceouet — Portrait of Commandant De Blanc 
 de St. Denis, Commandant at Natchez, in 1731. 
 
 H. M. Favuot — Portrait of Le Blanc de Villeueuve, Com- 
 mandant at Oj^elousas, who in his day spoke the Indian tongueSj 
 and was a great favorite with the savages, whose costumes he 
 wore when among them. 
 
 Dr. C. Ti'RPiN — Engraving of the old St. Louis Cathedral, 
 which was erected at his own expense, under Carondelet's ad- 
 ministration, by the public spirited Don Andreas de Almon- 
 aster. Almouaster' s daughtei', the Countess de Pontalba, pre- 
 sented to New Orleans that space iu front of the Cathedral 
 known as Jackson Square, formerly "La Place d' Armes." Mde. 
 De Pontalba was the owuer of the tine buildings on each side 
 of the square, which she caused lo be erected for the expi-ess 
 purpose of beautifying the surroundings of the Cathedral. The 
 pro'perty is now owned by her sou. 
 
 Dr. C. H. Tebault — Engraving of "La Grange," the 
 residence, in France, of General Lafayette. The original of 
 
rONTKIBUTORS AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 
 
 this picture was painted in oil by Lafayette's daughter, and 
 sent as a gilt to (leneral Washington. The engraving in the 
 "historic collection"" was presented by Lafayette to Christopher 
 Hall, of Xorfolk, \ a., maternal grandfather of Dr. Tebault. 
 
 W. A. ('AKEY — Portrait of Thomas Jefferson, taken in 
 Palis while he was Minister to France, in 1784. 
 
 Miss Sadie Marshall — Portiait of Hon Henry Marshall, 
 of DeSoto Parish. 
 
 A. I)ei,ayi(4NE — Portiail of Hon. ,1. \. (iuillotte, present 
 Mayor of New Oilea-ns, ISS;"). 
 
 (t. I), ('orj.ox — Portrait of ("ol. .lames Burn, of the Second 
 United States Di'a^iioons, Aide de Camp to General T. A. Wil- 
 kinson. ;ind i)ainted foi' him by Jarvis, in 1812. 
 
 Portrait of General Wilkinson. 
 
 Mks. ('has. Duokos — Portrait of Mademoiselle Emilie 
 Adelard Ducros, born in 1758; tlie picture was painted in 1775, 
 and sei'ves to illustrate the fashions of that period. 
 
 Mrs. Bi^ousseau — Portrait of Commodore Porter, Lnited 
 States Navy. 
 
 Mrss (tTYot — Flag Stafl" used at Battle of New Orleans. 
 Head of Wheat taken from tomb of Egyptian mummy, where it 
 had lain 1500 years. 
 
 Mrs. L. Dolhondk — Portrait of (4o^ernorDerbigny's wife. 
 
 Mrs. Felix Lahatit — Portrait of Chas. L. Trudeau, first 
 Surveyoi' General of Louisiana. 
 
 Mrs. Labatut — Porti-ait of Mrs. ('has. L. Trudeau ; these 
 two pictures were painted in 1779, and, although on sepai'ate 
 canvass, Mr. and Mrs. Trudeau are represented as jdaying a 
 game of backgammon together. 
 
 H. ISI. Favrot — Portrait of Anna Leandre, a mulatto 
 woman, belonging to Mrs. Ilrsin Soniat-du-Fossat. This servant 
 refused to accept her liberty under the emancipation act, and 
 accompanied her mistress to France, where her fidelity was such 
 as to attract the attention of the French Govei-nment, which 
 presented her with the cross of honor. The portrait was painted 
 in affectionate recognition of her services by Mrs. Favrot, Miiom 
 
78 CONTRIEUTORS AND OONTRTP.UTIONS. 
 
 she had nnrsert in infancy : it is an evidonce of the stvonjj at- 
 tachment winch so often existed between masters and slaves in 
 the South. 
 
 Gen. Dk ('lot et — Three portraits of ladies of the- He Clonct 
 laniily ; painted in the past centnry : one in the early bloom of 
 maidenhood, one of matnrer yeai-s, and one in age ; these are ex- 
 hibited to show the costumes worn by ladies of different ages 
 one hundred years ago. 
 
 Mrs. Potter — Portrait of Mrs. Myra Clark <laines, tht^ 
 great and celebrated female litigant of Louisiana, who claimed 
 •' God gave her a long life simply to show man what the enei'gy 
 and perseverance of a woman conld accomplish." 
 
 Mrs. Burke — Portrait of E. A.. Burke, Director General of 
 the Exi^osition. 
 
 Miss BLANCHARD—Grayon Portrait of Mr. Burke, execnted 
 by herself. 
 
 Portraits of A. G. Carter, A. Bondouscpiie, Howard, of 
 Howard's Association. Casimir Lacoste, Wm. B. Barrow, J. C. 
 Bossier, V. Z. Aimand, B. Wiuchester. D. Lanaux. P. Thomas, 
 Geo. S. Guiou, xVndre Martin, M. Downs. Horatio Davis, H. M. 
 Thibodaux, L. DeBlanc, Alex. De Clouet. 
 
 Miss Lttcy Claieorne — Portrait of Governor W. C. C. 
 Claiborne. 
 
 Mde. Jttees Laver(^tNE — Portrait of (rovernoi- Villere. 
 
 The State — Portrait of Governor Thos. B. Robertson. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Bauer — Portrait of Governor H. S. Thibo- 
 daux. 
 
 Mrs. L. Dolhonde — Portrait of Governor Henry Johnson. 
 
 Portrait of Governor Pierre Derbigny. 
 
 Portrait of Governor Jacques Dupre. 
 
 Mrs. Lavtllebeuvre— Portrait of Governor A. B. Roman. 
 
 Miss Susanna White — Poi-trait of Governor E. D. White. 
 
 General Mouton — Portrait of Governor Alex. Mouton. 
 
 Mrs. Julia Johnson— Portrait of Governor Isaac Johnson. 
 
CONTRIBTTTOES AND CONTRIBUTIONS. 79 
 
 Mrs. C. E. Kelly — Portrait of (Tovernor Joseph Walker. 
 Robert Hebert — Portrait of Governor P. O. Hebert. 
 Portrait of (xoveriior T. O. Moore. 
 Portrait of Governoi- H. W, Allen. 
 Mrs. Urban — Portrait of Governor Michael Hahn. 
 Portrait of Governor J. Madison Wells. 
 Judge Pardee — Portrait of Governor H. V. Warmoth. 
 Mrs. Jno. McEnery — Portrait of (iovernor Jno. McEnery. 
 Mrs. F. T. Nichot^ls— Portrait of Governor F. T. Nicholls. 
 Mrs. L. a. Wlltz — Portrait of (Governor L. A. Wiltz. 
 Mtss C. 8t. Martin — Poi-trait <>t (4overnor R. C M^ick- 
 liffe. 
 
 Mrs. p. Lanaux— Portrait of (lOvernor Alex. O'Reilly. 
 Mrs. Culbkktson — Portrait of Governor Bernard Galvez. 
 J, Leopold, of Tyler. Texas — Portrait of Governor Gayoso 
 de fjemos. 
 
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