STANDARD 
 ITERATURE SERIES 
 
 Number 30 ' ^^ ^^f^ 
 act OF 
 
 'iftB231b9B '^P^ 
 
 I 
 I 
 i 
 
 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN BUNYAN 
 
 ABRIDGED FOR YOUNG READERS BY 
 EDWARD EVERETT HALE, Jr, 
 
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 NEW YORK: 43-4-7 East Tenth Street 
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The Standard Text- Books on Geography 
 
 Maupy's New Elementary Geography. 
 Maury's Revised Manual of Geography. 
 Maury's New Physical Geography. 
 
 These books were not. p^mnilftrl t^r^rr^ *»««^«T^~^5as, but are 
 
 »lie live 
 Maury, ^ 
 Superinte 
 of the ^ 
 Geograph 
 mony wit 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
 ChapTPB-^^Copyright No. 
 
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 Th6 I VJNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
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 avy ; first 
 discoverer 
 } Physical 
 »pt in har- 
 
 hmetic 
 
 Venahle's New Elementary Arithmetic. 
 Venable's New Practical Arithmetic. 
 
 These books, only recently published, embody all that is 
 best in modern methods. Their characteristic is their teaching 
 power. An able educator writes of them : 
 
 " The singular teaching power of the examples as displayed 
 in the skillful grading of each group not only into ' oral ' and 
 • written,' but in the groups within the groups, each subordmate 
 group serving as a sort of drill table for clearing and fixing 
 lome phase of the thinking and work,— it is just m this aU 
 important point, skillful teaching by examples,— ih&t the books 
 seem to me to excel." 
 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 
 NEW YORK and NEW ORLEANS. 
 
STANDARD LITERATURE SERIES 
 
 THE 
 
 PILGRIM'S'^ROGRESS 
 
 JOHN BUNYAN 
 ABRIDGED FOR YOUNG READERS 
 
 WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY 
 
 EDWARD EVERETT HALE, Jr., Ph.D. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC AND LOGIC IN UNION COLLEGE 
 
 2nd COPY, V ^ n c> 
 ieS3. TWG 
 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 NEW YORK . BOSTON • NEW OELEANS 
 
-^ 1^33-30 
 
 M^ 
 
 \\^ 
 
 5529 
 
 Copyright, 1898, by 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 *** 1958 
 
PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 This edition of the ^^ Pilgrim's Progress "is made espe- 
 cially for younger readers. Those of us who first heard the 
 great allegory from our mothers will remember that much 
 that we could not well understand was omitted from those 
 early readings. For the present text I am indebted to Mrs. 
 Maurice Perkius, who gives here those parts of the story 
 which will excite and hold the interest of the child. She has 
 omitted a good deal that does not appeal to the child's mind, 
 but the language is Bunyan^s throughout. Only in two or 
 three cases have even single words been supplied. 
 
 In printing this abridgment I have been guided by a desire 
 to present the peculiarities of the original edition (using 
 generally Elliot Stock^s facsimile) wherever it was consistent 
 with clearness. This will explain the cut-in notes, the irreg- 
 ular use of capitals and of quotation marks. The original 
 spelling, however, wherever it differs from current usage, has 
 not been preserved, nor the original punctuation, nor the 
 original use of italics. These matters, it was felt, would 
 confuse the young reader. The result of this plan is a cer- 
 tain inconsistency, which arises generally from the incorrect 
 or inconsistent printing of the first edition, but partly from 
 the partial reproduction. For the additions from the second 
 and third editions I have generally followed in the main the 
 third American edition of 1844. 
 
 The notes do not assume to explain everything. To have 
 tried to give all Scripture references and allusions, to explain 
 all the examples of archaic expression, to note all matters 
 illustrated by Bunyan^s experience, or that of the typical 
 
IV PKEFATOKY NOTE. j 
 
 Christian, would have resulted in surrounding the text with 
 a far greater volume of commentary. The notes, then, deal 
 only with the most characteristic or obvious cases. They 
 indicate, however, the direction which the teacher's explana- 
 tion and comment may take. 
 
 Edwaed Everett Hale, Jr. 
 Uniok College. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Pkefatoky Note iii 
 
 Introduction : 
 
 I. The Time and the Man. 
 
 1. The Puritans vii 
 
 2. John Bunyan ....... ix 
 
 II. The Book. 
 
 1. The Story xii 
 
 2. The Allegory xvii 
 
 3. The Language xxi 
 
 III. Useful Books about Bunyan xxvii 
 
 The Pilgrim's Progress 1 
 
mTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. The Time an^d the Mak. 
 
 The Puritans. — The '^ Pilgrim's Progress " is a book which 
 many have read with the greatest interest and delight, with 
 no knowledge of the author, except perhaps that his name 
 was John Bunyan, and no knowledge at all of the period in 
 which the book was written. You may read it so yourself, 
 and you like it, and understand it. It is one of the great 
 things about this book, that it makes its appeal to all, young 
 and old, ignorant as well as learned. It speaks of things 
 that everybody feels, in a way that everybody understands. 
 
 But we always like to know something about a man who 
 has written that which we like to read, and often we can 
 read his book better for knowing something about him. It 
 may be no great help to us to know just what he did all his 
 life, but it will be a help to us to catch something of his 
 spirit, if we can, and to learn what was in his heart when he 
 wrote his book. And often, too, it is a good thing to know 
 something of the time in which the author lived. We may 
 not get much by knowing the dates of his birth and his 
 death, but often (and especially is it so with Bunyan) a man 
 has so much of the spirit of his time in him, that we need to 
 know something of history to know much of him. 
 
 John Bunyan lived in an important time in England. He 
 was born in 1628, and was therefore in early manhood in 
 1649, when the people of England, as represented in their 
 Parliament, deposed their king and set up a more republican 
 government under Oliver Cromwell. The people objected to 
 the King and the royal government for two reasons. One 
 
Vlll INTEODUCTION. 
 
 was, that King Charles I. had made the name of king 
 hateful to so many, that they longed to have no more kings 
 at all. But another reason, and for us just now more im- 
 portant, was that there were many who were dissatisfied with 
 the form of religious worship which was carried on under 
 royal sanction, and felt that Grod called on them to worship 
 in other ways. These people had long been called Puritans. 
 From them had gone out those who settled New England, 
 men who saw no chance for worshipping as they thought 
 right and needful in England, and who therefore came to 
 America to worship in the way that they held was most 
 pleasing to God. But not all the Puritans came to America. 
 The greater number stayed in England, took part in the 
 great political struggle between the King and the Parliament, 
 casting in their lot with the latter. Then, when the Com- 
 monwealth was proclaimed, they established those forms of 
 religious worship that they thought best. 
 
 The Puritans were men to whom religion was an all-im- 
 portant thing. Their effort in life was to stand yery near to 
 God, and to do his will as they found it in the Bible. They 
 believed that each man, so far as. might be, should stand in 
 close relation to God, without the interposing of church or 
 priest. How far they succeeded we need not try to deter- 
 mine ; what is important for us, was their spirit. The great 
 work of the Puritans was religious. To them go back the 
 great bodies of Christians called Presbyterian, Congregational, 
 Baptist. Politically, they were of the Parliamentary side, 
 and stood for civil liberty as opposed to any great power of 
 the King. But they were not chiefly a political party, and 
 they remained, when the political commonwealth which they 
 supported came to an end. It was not in politics that their 
 great force was disj^layed. 
 
 Nor did they as a rule express themselves in literature. 
 On the whole, the Puritans did not care for literature, save 
 such as they found in the Bible. Still, they produced two 
 
THE TIME AND THE MAN". IX 
 
 of the great authors of tlieir time, John Milton and John 
 Bunyan. John Milton was a great scholar and a great poet, 
 and he gave the world his thoughts on man^s sin and man^s 
 salvation in two great poems, called ^^ Paradise Lost^' and 
 '^Paradise Eegained/^ Bunyan was not a scholar or a poet, 
 but he, too, as eyery other earnest Puritan, had thought and 
 felt most earnestly on these matters, and he, too, wrote 
 much. But of all his writings the one that had vitality and 
 life beyond his own day was the *^ Pilgrim's Progress.^' 
 
 John Bunyan was the son of Thomas Bunyan, of Elstow, 
 a town near Bedford, in Bedfordshire, which is one of the 
 central or midland counties of England. His father was 
 a whitesmith or brasier, or, as he is more often called, a 
 tinker. Tinkers were in those days a rough, wandering 
 set, but Thomas Bunyan was a man of settled life and per- 
 haps better than the general run of such men. At any 
 rate he gaye his son a little schooling, if not very much, 
 and taught his son his own trade. John Bunyan seems to 
 haye been much like other young apprentices of his day. 
 He speaks of himself as having been a very great sinner, but 
 this was later in his life, when he had become a religious 
 man. It hardly seems that he was worse than the average 
 young man of his time. In one place he says that his chief 
 sins were dancing, bell-ringing, j)laying tip-cat, and reading 
 stories. It is true that these pursuits gaye occasion, in those 
 days, to yery great abuses ; but Bunyan assures us elsewhere 
 that he had none of the greater vices. He was yery profane 
 in his speech, but on being strongly reproved one day, he 
 gaye up the habit. In fact he was not really wicked as far 
 as we can see ; he may have been idle and boisterous, and, 
 perhaps, had no farther idea of life than to do no more work 
 than he could help and to enjoy himself as much as he 
 could. 
 
 When the war was going on between the King and the 
 Parliament, Bunyan went into the army and saw some ser- 
 
X INTRODUCTIOK 
 
 yice. We do not know on which side he fought, but as 
 Bedfordshire was strongly in favor of the Parliament, it 
 would seem most probable that he went into the Parlia- 
 mentarian army. ^ It was afterwards that he became a Puritan. 
 At any rate he received one great shock during the war. He 
 was drawn for some duty during the siege of Leicester, but 
 another went in liis place. The man was killed, and Bunyan 
 thought, *^ Suppose I had gone !" On coming back from the 
 army he married a young woman, who, as he says, brought 
 nothing with her but two religious books. By her influence, 
 perhaps, Bunyan changed his manner of life. He gave up 
 his former sports, and went to church. He became even 
 vigorously religious as far as externals were concerned, and 
 was indeed very well satisfied and well pleased with himself. 
 
 But this easy-going content did not last very long. Soon 
 began for him a period of mental distress which he has 
 described for us in a story of his life, which he called 
 "Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners.''' His troubles 
 were of a kind not uncommon at any time perhaps, but 
 certainly more common in his day than in ours. More and 
 more utterly evil and sinful did he seem to himself. Less 
 and less did his religious observances seem to him sufficient 
 for the saving of his soul. We need not tell at length all his 
 troubles and struggles. His excited imagination made for 
 him difficulties of which many of us have never dreamed. 
 But he read his Bible constantly, and fortunately he fell in 
 with other people whose religious life was at first a wonder 
 to him and afterwards a means of help. 
 
 In time he overcame his doubts and troubles and joined a 
 small congregation of Baptists in Bedford, whose minister 
 was John Gifford, a man who, like Bunyan, had formerly 
 lived a careless, irreligious life. As time went on Mr. Gifford 
 
 ' Mr. Brown, the best authority, thinks Froude, and some others, think he was in 
 he was in the Parliamentarian army, and so the Royal army. There is very little evi- 
 do Macaulay and Canon Venablcs. Jlr, dence on either side. 
 
THE TIME AND THE MAN. xi 
 
 died, and Buiiyan took liis place and became widely known 
 for liis preaching. 
 
 The year 1660 came, the year in which Charles II. was 
 restored to his kingdom, and with the king was restored the 
 form of worship which had passed away from England when 
 the former king had been dethroned. Bunyan was by this 
 time a well-known man, a leading minister of the Baptist 
 body. But it was resolved that only one form of worship 
 should be allowed in England, and so, with many more. 
 Baptists and others, Bunyau was seized and committed to 
 prison for not attending the parish church and for preaching 
 unlawfully. He admitted the charge, but refused to give up 
 his ministry. The judge sent him to prison for three 
 months, telling him if, at the end of that time, he would not 
 give up his preaching, he should be banished from England, 
 under pain of hanging if he returned. He was not banished, 
 however, but remained in prison for twelve years, although for 
 part of that time he was allowed a little liberty, sometimes 
 more, sometimes less. And even after this long time he 
 had only been free for a few years when he was imprisoned 
 again. 
 
 It was in the Bedford town prison that the '^Pilgrim's 
 Progress^' was written. You will see that it begins : '^As I 
 walked through the wilderness of this world I lighted on a 
 certain place where was a den, and laid me down in that 
 place to sleep ; and as I slept I dreamed a dream. ^' Else- 
 where he tells us that as he was writing something else the 
 idea came to him. He meant to introduce it in another 
 writing, but as he thought of it more and more, it grew more 
 and more in his mind, and he made an independent story of 
 it. At first it seemed a slight thing not worth printing. 
 Some of his friends thought he had better let it be as it was. 
 But others advised printing, and Bunyan was of that mind 
 himself. It was published in 1678, and became popular, 
 though not at once. When, however, it became known, new 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 editions were called for year by year, and even imitations 
 appeared. Almost to protect himself from those who thus 
 took liberties with his story, Bunyan wrote in 1684 a second 
 part. The second part tells how, after Christian had left his 
 wife and children (p. 2), they were themselves moved to 
 undertake the pilgrimage that he had successfully passed 
 over, and how they too started for the Wicket Gate and made 
 their way to the Celestial City. 
 
 Besides these two books, Bunyan wrote many more, but 
 none that the world has so taken to its heart. There is 
 much in the '^Holy War^" and in '^' Grace Abounding^' 
 which will be read with interest and pleasure, but neither is 
 a book like the " Pilgrim's Progress. ^^ 
 
 After he was finally released from prison Bunyan continued 
 his life as a preacher. He went every year to London to 
 preach, and visited other parts of the country. He lived for 
 sixteen years in this way, but in 1688 he was overtaken by 
 rains in a journey to London, took cold, and then a fever, 
 and so died on August 12th of that year, in the sixty-first year 
 of his age. 
 
 Of the man and his character we need say nothing more ; 
 but a word or two more may well be said of the '^ Pilgrim^s 
 Progress, ^^ of the story, of the allegory, of its language, and 
 of what it is that has given it the character it has in the 
 literature of the world. 
 
 II. The Book. 
 
 The Story. — The *^ Pilgrim's Progress" is one of the 
 world's famous allegories, and what an allegory is we will 
 learn later. But one may read the ^'^ Pilgrim's Progress^' as 
 a story, without any more thought of an allegorical meaning 
 than any story may have for us. That is the way that one 
 first reads the '' Pilgrim's Progress,"' at least those of us who 
 read it or have it read to us as children. We just read about 
 
THE BOOK. Xlll 
 
 the adventures of Christian as we might read the adventures 
 of anybody else, because they are interesting. Then we re- 
 member them, and afterwards come to see the meaning that 
 Bunyan had in mind. It is a simple story, full of common, 
 every-day incidents, on the one hand, such as spending the 
 night at a mansion house (p. 30), falling asleep under an 
 arbor (p. 28), talking with shepherds or other wayfarers 
 (p. 72), and yet, on the other, with fierce battles (p. 42), and 
 cruel trials (p. 58), and escapes from prison (p. 71), and from 
 lions (p. 30), and giants (p. 66), and dragons of the pit 
 (p. 44). If some of Christianas adventures are very wonder- 
 ful, and others very like what might happen to one of us, 
 we must remember that it is " in the similitude of a dream," 
 and that in a dream we mingle strangely what we have known 
 and what we have imagined, all in great confusion, and yet 
 all natural enough at the time. 
 
 A good deal of the " Pilgrim^s Progress "" came from Bun- 
 yan's own experience, as we shall see ; for the rest, we shall 
 generally find it in the Bible. When Bunyan told of the 
 battle with Apollyon, he had in mind the text : " Resist the 
 devil and he shall fly from you." When he wrote of the trial 
 of Faithful, he was thinking perhaps of the trial of Stephen. 
 When the Pilgrims fall into a net, it is because Bunyan 
 remembered Proverbs, xxix. 5 ; when the ^^ voice of the turtle 
 is heard," in the land of Beulah, it is a reminiscence of the 
 Song of Solomon, ii. 12. The Celestial City may well have 
 come to his mind from the book of Eevelation, and in writing 
 of the River of Death, he thought of Isaiah, xliii. 2. 
 
 But much of his story came from his own experience. In- 
 deed the Bible was really as much his own experience as 
 anything else, for he must have read it continually to be as 
 familiar with it as he was ; but we speak now of the ordinary 
 comings and goings which might have belonged to the life 
 of anybody else of that day. Thus Christian, in starting out, 
 runs heedlessly from the path, and flounders about in a great 
 
XIV INTKODUCTION. 
 
 mire, in spite of the stepping-stones, which make a good 
 means for careful travellers to get across. As he goes along 
 he stops to rest in a pleasant arbor half-way np the hill, and 
 indeed goes to sleep and loses his roll. He sees on his way 
 a fine house with a porter's lodge, and thinks he might get 
 a night's lodging there. He falls in with a fellow traveller, 
 and meets with others on the same journey. The way is often 
 hard and rough, but at other times it is pleasant, and even 
 runs along for some days by a pleasant river. As is often 
 the case in England, there are many paths across the fields, 
 and once Christian and Hopeful get over the stile, thinking 
 to get easier walking, and perhaps a short cut. And the way 
 on which they go, though the straitness of it and the narrow- 
 ness of it come from the Scripture text, yet the road itself 
 is not so unlike an English highway. It goes over hill and 
 dale; many other paths ^^butt into it"; '^ a little crooked 
 lane" comes into it ; sometimes a branch road leads the way- 
 farer astray. There are thieves about, and in these same 
 lanes are murders done. Indeed, when we think how much 
 more people travelled afoot in those days than they do now, 
 when railroad tickets may be bought for so little, we can see 
 how the simple incidents of the '^Pilgrim's Progress" came 
 home to every one who had ever gone beyond the boundary 
 of his native town. 
 
 One rather curious indication of how entirely Bunyan was 
 writing of what he knew and had seen, comes from one of 
 those few cases where he wrote of what we may suppose he 
 had not seen and did not know much about. Bunyan's 
 home was in Bedfordshire, a flat, level country in the middle 
 of England. It does not appear, from anything that we 
 know, that he had ever been much farther from home than 
 to London on the south, or to Leicester, possibly, on the 
 north. So he probably had never seen anything that could 
 properly be called a mountain. At any rate, when he speaks 
 of mountains or hills his words sound strange in the ears of 
 
THE BOOK. XV 
 
 one who has lived among them. Thus, Mount Smai (p. 13), 
 which had great beetling crags and overhanging cliffs, which 
 Christian feared would fall on him, is always called a hill. 
 And, on the other hand, when Christian and Hopeful are on 
 the toj) of one of the Delectable Mountains, called Caution 
 (p. 73), they see at the bottom some men walking among 
 the tombs, and see them so plainly that they know them 
 to be blind ; so evidently the mountains were not very high. 
 And lest it might be thought that Banyan was only using 
 the words hill and mountain interchangeably, we may 
 quote farther a very strange expression, of which it is hard 
 to make any meaning at all. Bunyan says of Hypocrisy 
 that, on turning out of the way, his path '^ led him into a 
 wide field, full of dark mountains, where he stumbled and 
 fell and rose no more" (p. 27), all of which would go to 
 show that Bunyan made no very great distinction between 
 hills and mountains ; indeed, perhaps had no very real con- 
 ception of either, but thought of them rather vaguely, just as 
 one who has always lived inland has hardly a real conception 
 of the expanse and power of the sea. 
 
 But generally he had very clearly in mind the thing he 
 wished to describe, which is one of the secrets of much good 
 writing. In some cases even it is thought that he had in mind 
 not merely the common occurrences of every day, but some 
 particular things that he was especially familiar with. Thus 
 Vanity Fair is thought to be drawn from the great Sturbridge 
 Fair, which in Bunyan's time was held every year at Stur- 
 bridge, which lies not far from Bedford, near Cambridge, to 
 which came dusty-footed traders and pedlars from all over Eng- 
 land, and indeed from the Continent as well.' And the House 
 Beautiful, with its porter^s lodge; its great upper chamber, whose 
 window opened towards the sun-rising, and its library with all 
 the records of the house, and its well-provided armory, may well 
 have been one of the houses of the nobility or gentry near 
 
 1 Brown's Life (p. 270) gives an interesting account of Sturbridge Fair. 
 
XVI INTKODUCTION. 
 
 Elstow, perhaps the manor house of Sir Thomas Hillersdon. 
 Some people have gone a bit farther, and said that the very 
 grave person in the picture in the Interpreter's house (p. 18) 
 was John GifPord, the pastor of the congregation in Bedford 
 to which Bunyan belonged. It may be so ; the language 
 used in describing that picture is used by St. Paul in speaking 
 of himself, and might be used of any apostle. It is here more 
 probable, however, that Bunyan was thinking of no particular 
 person, for the Interpreter says: ^^This is the only man 
 whom the Lord of the place whither thou art going hath 
 authorized to be thy guide in all difficult places thou may'st 
 meet with in the way/' It is hardly probable Bunyan could 
 have had in mind any especial man in writing such words. 
 On the other hand, it is not at all improbable that in writing 
 of the trial of Faithful at Vanity Fair, Bunyan was thinking 
 of some of the times he had himself been brought before an 
 unjust judge.' When he was first imprisoned, his indictment 
 ran as follows: '^ That John Bunyan . . . hath devil- 
 ishly and perniciously abstained from coming to church to 
 hear divine service, and is a common upholder of several 
 unlawful meetings and conventicles, to the great disturb- 
 ance and distraction of the good subjects of this kingdom, 
 contrary to the laws of our sovereign, the King . . ." 
 When we consider that Bunyan's crime was only that of going 
 to the church that he thought was according to the law of 
 God, we may think that this indictment was harsher than 
 that of Faithful (p. 58). Perhaps the most striking differ- 
 ence between the two was that Faithful had a jury to give a 
 verdict, although an evil one, while Bunyan had no jury at all. 
 There was, then, a great deal of real life put into this book, 
 
 1 Macaulay says : " The iinagiuary trial does not mean that Bunyan was thinking 
 
 of Faithful before a jury composed of per- of Jeffries, or Alice Lisle either, for the 
 
 sonified vices, was just and merciful, com- celebrated trial of which he speaks took 
 
 pared with the trial of Lady Alice Lisle place several years after the " Pilgrim's 
 
 before that tribunal where all the vices sat Progress " was written. It was, however, of 
 
 in the person of Jeffries." But Macaulay the same historic period. 
 
THE BOOK. XVU 
 
 and that is one reason, probably, why the book still remains 
 alive for us. And even when Bunyan is not writing of any 
 particular thing or person, how lifelike he is ! Notice the dif- 
 ference between the two companions of Christian, Faithful 
 and Hopeful, and see how each has his especial character 
 well brought out. Other good characters there are too, as 
 Great-heart in the second part, the brisk young lad named 
 Ignorance, and Talkative, who thinks nothing so pleasant 
 nor so profitable as to talh of the things of God. These are 
 not people of Bunyan's time only; they are characters of com- 
 mon humanity, and it was the genius of Bunyan to discern 
 them in the life about him, and to present them so surely, 
 tliat we know them ourselves when we read of them. 
 
 The AUeg-ory. — We may now turn our attention to the 
 allegory. An allegory, to use the words of the book, is a 
 figure of similarity ; that is, like a simile or a metaphor, an 
 allegory is the expression of a resemblance. Similes are very 
 common, as, for instance, ^'^Ile stood like a rock,^' or "He is 
 as true as steel. '^ There you have a figurative comparison 
 directly stated. Metaphors are also common ; "Now is the 
 winter of our discontent made glorious summer" is a 
 metaphor. In a metaphor we imply a resemblance, by speak- 
 ing of one thing as if it were another. But there is another 
 way still of expressing a figurative comparison. When things 
 seem rather hard, and you think of the proverb " It's a long 
 lane that has no turning,^^ there you have a comparison. 
 When you have a good opportunity to do something at once, 
 and think of the proverb "Make hay wdiile the sunshines," 
 there you have a comparison. But in these comparisons the 
 only part really stated is the figurative part; it is not said or 
 implied that there is a likeness ; you see it for yourself. All 
 proverbs are not allegories, but a good many are, as, for 
 instance : 
 
 " The early bird catches the worm," 
 
 "A stitch in time saves nine." 
 
XVIU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 '^ All is not gold that glitters/' 
 
 "An iron hand in a velvet glove." 
 
 "It is always the darkest before dawn.'' 
 
 These sayings we constantly apply to the doings of daily 
 life, but we do not state directly that there is any resem- 
 blance. We leave it to be guessed. 
 
 Now, some of these proverbs might be stated at greater 
 length. We might tell how it rained at night, so that a few 
 earthworms came out of the ground, as you may see them 
 any summer morning after a rain; and how the robins had to 
 sit all night under the leaves to keep out of the rain, with 
 their heads under their wings; and how one of them got up 
 very early and flew down out of the apple tree to the grass 
 and found a great worm, and seized it in its bill and hauled 
 it all out of the ground; and then how the sun came up very 
 hot, so that the worms went back way down into the earth ; 
 and the other robins, who had been lazy and stayed in their 
 nests asleep, didn't get any worms at all, and had to eat 
 woolly caterpillars instead, which are not nearly as nice as 
 fat earthworms. If you told a story like that, it would be 
 like a proverb, only longer; in fact, it would be what we 
 should call a fable. Like the proverb, it would be a sort of 
 lesson about life, but it would be expressed in the form of 
 something else. There would be the comparison of people 
 wn'th birds, of course, but you would leave it to be guessed. 
 Such figures are very common whenever one has something 
 to say about the hard things or the great things of life, for 
 those things cannot easily be said plainly and outright. 
 
 So in the Bible, the psalmist says: 
 
 "Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth 
 them that fear him,^' — and that is a simile. 
 
 And again he says : 
 
 "The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. He maketh 
 me to lie down in green pastures. He leadeth me beside still 
 waters," — and that is a metaphor. 
 
THE BOOK. XIX 
 
 But when Jesns wanted to make the people feel more fully 
 that God was their Father, he did not content himself with 
 the short simile. He took the same idea and told a story 
 about it : he told them how a certain father had two sons, 
 and how one was wild and unruly, and did not care for his 
 father, but went off in his own way, and wasted his money 
 and came to want; and how finally he saw how wrong it all 
 was, and returned to his home; and how his father saw him 
 yet a great way off, and ran to him, and fell upon his neck 
 and kissed him. We all know what that means, and we all 
 know the power and beauty of the parable of the Prodigal 
 Son. And when Jesus wanted the people to know all that 
 was meant by saying that the Lord is our Shepherd, he told 
 how a certain shepherd had a hundred sheep, and how one 
 was lost, and how the shepherd left all the rest and went to 
 look for that one, and sought and sought for it until he had 
 found just that one; and how, when he found it, he called all 
 his friends to come together and rejoice because of the lost 
 sheep that had been brought back to the fold. 
 
 Now, those two parables are two little allegories. They are 
 stories ; but we know that the stories are not told just for 
 their own sakes. We know that the really important thing 
 is what the story makes us think of. The real meaning is 
 not said directly as in a simile, and it is not partly said, as in 
 a metaphor. It may not be said at all — the real truth — and 
 yet we see that it is there; we guess at it; and just because it 
 is not said outright, we prize the story the more highly 
 because it is the story and the meaning, all in one. 
 
 Such a story is the '^Pilgrim's Progress," only longer than 
 proverbs, or parables, or fables. It came about, Bunyan 
 tells us, in this way. He was writing something else, when 
 he '^fell suddenly into an Allegory," as he says — that is, he 
 thought : ^^How like a pilgrimage is the life of a Christian! 
 We are all of us like pilgrims to a Celestial City,"^ and he 
 
 * Perhaps lie had been reading the Epistle to the Hebrews, xi. 13-16. 
 
XX INTKODUCTION. 
 
 thought of a number of different little things in which the 
 two were alike. ^'More than twenty things ^^ he put down, 
 he tells us, and no sooner had he done so than he had twenty 
 more in his head. Then he thought he would put the idea 
 by itself, and let it stand alone. So he told the story of the 
 poor man who learned that the city he lived in was sooner or 
 later to be destroyed, and himself to be brought to judgment, 
 and this made him terribly afraid. And just then meeting 
 with a good man who asked about his troubles, he was put 
 on the road to a greater and better city than his own, a city 
 that can never be destroyed, and of which the citizens live as 
 freemen, without fear of a coming Judge ; in which Bunyan 
 was thinking of men in this world who have not known God 
 or Christ, who find themselves in a terrible case, for they 
 know that this world cannot last forever, and they fear for 
 what may happen to them afterward. To such a one comes 
 some minister of the Gospel — the good man is called Evan- 
 gelist in the story — from whom he learns of the Kingdom of 
 Heaven, and how he can go and attain his part in it, and 
 every part of Christian's pilgrimage is like some part of the 
 experience of a Christianas life. There is the Slough of 
 Despond, which means that people sometimes get involved in 
 a sort of helplessness that prevents their ever getting ahead; 
 and there is Vanity Fair, which means that we cannot avoid 
 the temptations of unthinking, worldly ones, but must even 
 sometimes undergo their persecutions. But then, too, there 
 is the House Beautiful, which means that in the Church we 
 have a place for quiet strengthening in our journey, and 
 there are the Delectable Mountains, which mean that to- 
 wards tlie end of life one has periods of happy peace, and 
 sometimes even glimpses of the life beyond.^ 
 
 Everything, then, in the story, has its meaning, or, better 
 to say, means something. For the true way to look at an 
 allegory is not to think of the story as one thing and the 
 
 1 For some further explanation of the allegory as it proceeds, see the notes. 
 
THE BOOK. XXI 
 
 meaning as another, but, if you can, to think of the two 
 together as one thing ; rather hard, perhaps, to do, and it 
 may be a seemingly foolish thing, but a necessary thing, for 
 all that, in allegory or poetry. 
 
 One thing we must avoid : we must not try to find out a 
 meaning that will be perfectly consistent throughout the 
 book. In the main the allegory is consistent ; nowhere is 
 there any such inconsistency as seems uncouth to us. But 
 some things have, as it were, a special meaning of their own, 
 aside from the general allegory. Thus, Faithful is put to 
 death at Vanity Fair, and Apollyon threatens Christian with 
 death in the Valley of Humiliation. Each incident has its 
 own meaning ; one, that some Christians have been faithful 
 to their Lord even unto death; the other, that the struggle 
 with Evil is sometimes, in bitterness and intensity, like an 
 actual struggle for life. But in the allegory. Death is repre- 
 sented by the final river. How could any one die before he 
 came to the river ? There are other inconsistencies, if we 
 choose to call them so, in the allegory, but we shall probably 
 always find that each has a meaning of its own, even if it 
 does not have its place in the general meaning. It is really 
 hardly possible to think of so long a comparison as this is, 
 complete in every detail. It would really be unnatural if it 
 were more perfect than it is now, with here and there a 
 natural difference. 
 
 The Laiig'uag-e. — A few words must be said about the 
 language of the '^Pilgrim^s Progress," both that you may 
 the more readily read it and also that you may see its ex- 
 cellent qualities. 
 
 And, first, as to the mere understanding the language. There 
 are two things that mai\e it rather hard to understand. One 
 of them is that it is the language of two centuries and a half 
 ago, and another that it is rather conversational language at 
 that. But there are also two things that make it easier to 
 understand : it is to a great degree the language of the Bible, 
 
XXll INTEODUCTION. 
 
 and it has very little of the fashions of the learning or the 
 literature of the time. Of these matters we will speak at a 
 little greater length. The language of some time ago is 
 always apt to he rather hard to understand. Tlie language 
 which was called ^^Englisc^' a thousand years ago can 
 hardly be understood at all, without study, by us to-day. 
 Tiie English language of even five hundred years ago, say of 
 Chaucer, is not always easy to understand. In all languages 
 people are constantly giving up words and expressions, using 
 words in different senses, adopting new words, and so forth, 
 so that insensibly, without our thinking of it, the language 
 of one century becomes something different from the language 
 of the century before. 
 
 It differs in various ways. First it differs in pronunciation, 
 but that is not now a matter of importance. In the time of 
 Bunyan the word tea was pronounced tay, the word clerh was 
 pronounced clarh, as indeed it commonly is in England 
 to-day, and there were other differences. But the pronun- 
 ciation of the "Pilgrim's Progress'' is not of importance 
 to us ; we pronounce the words as we are accustomed to. 
 Another more important point about the language of Bunyan 
 lies in the very words themselves. We find a number of 
 words in the "Pilgrim's Progress" which we do not use 
 to-day. For instance, ivont (p. 3) and wot (p. 13) ; haf (p. 
 10) and Imply (p. 16). We do not say hroidered (p. 33), but 
 embroidered ; not stounded (p. 86), but astounded. Some 
 grammatical forms are different ; we do not say brast (p. 
 42) any more, but only hurst ; not durst (p. 63), but dared. 
 Why words should go out of fashion, as we may say, would 
 take too long to explain, but that they do go out of use, 
 become obsolete, is a fact which may explain some of the 
 unaccustomed words that we meet in the " Pilgrim's Prog- 
 ress," just as we do in any book of a good while ago. 
 
 But such words as these — obsolete words they are called — 
 are not so common as words that are still used but with 
 
THE BOOK. XXlll 
 
 meanings diJfferenfc from those which Bunj^an understood. 
 Thus, Bunyan used the word engine (p. 37), meaning ^* me- 
 chanical contrivance ""; we use it for a particuhir contrivance 
 that in Bunyan's time had not yet been invented. He used 
 the word fair (p. 53) for a great market held in a given 
 town at stated times, but with us there are no more such 
 fairs, and we have to read books, or to travel, to know what 
 sort of a place Vanity Fair may have been. So the following 
 words are now used in meanings different from those set 
 against them : 
 
 Speed — success, p. 8. 
 
 Fact—dQQdi, p. 29. 
 
 Harmless — armor, p. 37. 
 
 Cheapen — bargain, p. 54. 
 
 Essay — endeavor, p. 75. 
 
 Brave — fine, splendid, p. 8. 
 These are matters a little more difiScult than words which 
 themselves are strange to us. We must look out for such 
 words, for these words we know in a certain meaning, but 
 that will be different from the meaning Bunyan wished to 
 convey by them. So we must be always on the lookout to 
 see that we understand what is written. When we see cai^- 
 riages (on p. 2), we must not think it means carriages to 
 ride in, and so hurry on with our reading. We can see that 
 that makes no sense, so we must look it up a little. 
 
 We should find it harder to understand this book were its 
 language not so like the language of the Bible. The author- 
 ized version of the Bible was translated in 1611, at which 
 time many of the words and uses of Bunyan, which are now 
 obsolete, were current. We are familiar, for instance, with 
 several of the obsolete words quoted above, because, although 
 they are no longer used in every-day conversation, we have 
 heard them in the Bible, or read them ourselves. So a num- 
 ber of obsolete meanings in the ^'Pilgrim's Progress^' are 
 familiar to us because of Biblical use. Such an expression 
 
XXIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 as some moching (p. 55)^ although we have probably never 
 heard it in ordinary conversation, does not sound strange 
 to us because we have heard it in the Gospel. So the ex- 
 pression to gird up his loins (p. 17), although it represents 
 something which is now uncommon, is easily enough under- 
 stood because of the use in the Bible. 
 
 The reason for this Biblical character of Bunyan^s language 
 is twofold. First, Bunyan's time was much nearer the time 
 of the translation of the Bible than is ours. There had been 
 no very great change in the language between the translation 
 of the Bible and the writing of the ^' Pilgrim's Progress.^' But 
 another reason, and perhaps a more important one, was that 
 the Puritans, as has been already said (p. viii), gave great study 
 to the Bible and often used Biblical expressions, and Bunyan 
 liimself, a man very thoroughly read in the Bible, expressed 
 himself, especially on a religious subject, with constant remi- 
 niscence of Biblical language. He often quotes texts, and 
 in the original edition these texts were carefully marked in 
 the margin. But even if he does not quote a text exactly, he 
 often gives the substance of a text, or at least gives a word or 
 two from it. 
 
 A word or two more should be said of the language of the 
 ^^ Pilgrim's Progress." It is a very simple form of speech, 
 which makes it perhaps harder to understand, because it is 
 conversational, although it is easier, because it has no diffi- 
 cult or learned expressions. When we say that it is conversa- 
 tional, we mean that it uses expressions such as liad like to 
 (p. 65), luould a heen (p. l^),for me (p. 8), which are nowa- 
 days hardly to be met with in books. Bunyan used the com- 
 mon language of his day, which is one of the reasons that 
 everybody read his book; no one found it hard to understand. 
 We must not go much farther than this, however ; we must 
 not suppose that because Bunyan used common conversation- 
 alisms he was an ignorant man. Several matters which 
 seem to us wholly wrong, were in his day allowable in 
 
THE BOOK. XXV 
 
 common talk. The expression you was, now a vulgarism, 
 lingered in English talk for almost a hundred years after 
 Bunyan. The expression /o?* to go, or for with any infinitive, 
 was in Bunyan^s day not uncommon. 
 
 The words S&raphims and ClieruUms (p. 7) have been 
 spoken of as a sign of Bunyan^'s ignorance, but the first is used 
 by so learned a man as Jeremy Taylor, and the second by so 
 learned a man as Milton. In like manner the joining of 
 ''Satyrs" (p. 47) to ''Hobgoblins . . . and Dragons of the 
 Pit,'' seems like a queer mix-up of ideas, but when we recol- 
 lect that Bunyan took the idea from the Bible, we see that he 
 knew Avhat it was that he was speaking of. 
 
 The " Pilgrim's Progress,'' then, is made up of thoughts 
 and ideas that are familiar to all, and the story is told in 
 homely and familiar language. And yet everybody has read 
 it and will read it for a long time to come. No other book 
 written by an Englishman has been so widely read,' and 
 probably none has taken such a hold of 'the memory and 
 imagination of those who have read it. 
 
 This may serve to impress upon the mind one thing about 
 literature which it will be good to remember. It is not readi- 
 ness, brilliancy, cleverness, that makes a book great ; it is 
 not high-sounding words, nor flowery figures, nor smooth- 
 flowing sentences : for here is a great book that has none of 
 these things.'^ Nor is it great depth of thought, nor wide- 
 ranging knowledge, nor very lofty wisdom that is necessary 
 to make an appeal to one's fellowmen ; for here is a book 
 that has appealed to all, which contains only the simple ideas 
 of a country tinker. What is there in the book, then, that 
 
 1 It has been translated not only into all in which I have here discoursed and could 
 
 the civilized languages of the world, but have adorned all things more than I have 
 
 into many wild and savage dialects. seemed to do, but I dare not. I may not 
 
 3 Bunyan himself, in writing about one play in the relating of them, but be plain 
 
 of his other books, says : "I could have and simple and lay down the thing as it 
 
 stepped into a style much higher than this was." 
 
XXvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 will account for its place among all the books written in our 
 tongue ? Why, for one thing the very fact that its language 
 is simple, straightforward, without effort or display, merely 
 meant to give the idea with the least trouble, sincere — this 
 very fact is a thing pleasing to us. Smart writing has its day ; 
 it amuses once or twice, and then becomes tiresome. Plain 
 writing may become old-fashioned, but it is never out of date. 
 It may have a scattering of forgotten words and meanings, 
 but even those give a quaint and homely air that is attractive 
 rather than tiresome. Still that is not all. Even the simplest 
 language will not be read unless the writer really have some- 
 thing to say. And in this book a plain man spoke to his 
 fellows, to his brothers all the world over ; spoke of the things 
 that had come to be next his heart, of the ideas that were 
 more his life to him than even his eating and drinking and 
 sleeping. Now, a miserable, low sort of person does not 
 have such thoughts as that ; he has no thoughts at all per- 
 haps ; he cares only to enjoy himself, it may be. It is only 
 a high-minded man who can have such ideas. But even 
 high-minded men are often led into error and deceived, so 
 that the ideas to which they give their lives are really 
 founded on nothing and pass away. Bunyan had the ad- 
 vantage of a foundation which has stood the test of time, 
 and of a guide which has, since his day, as before it, led 
 millions, through deceit and error, into the clear assurance 
 of truth. And because he built on this foundation, and built 
 with unselfish care for the increase of others' happiness, for 
 the deliverance of those who were oppressed, to make men 
 feel more keenly the great truths of this life, and to so 
 ennoble them that they should make the best use of it, and, in 
 addition to all this, built immediately to the glory of God,' 
 — wh}^ for all these reasons his work has endured, and has 
 been, to those for whom it was written, more than Bunyan 
 himself could have dared to imagine. 
 
 1 These words were written by Walter Pater in his " Essay on Style." 
 
USEFUL BOOKS ABOUT BUXYAX. XXVll 
 
 III. Useful Books about Buxtax. 
 
 There are so many complete editions of the '^ Pilgrim's 
 Progress " that it is hardly necessary to direct any one who 
 desires to read more than we print in this edition. It may be 
 had in many varying forms and in many languages. Dr. 
 Brown (in the book mentioned below, pp. 453-482) gives an 
 account of a number of the most interesting editions and (pp. 
 489-49'2) a list of the different languages into which the book 
 has been translated, seventy-foar in number. Xo one, there- 
 fore, will find any difficulty in getting an edition to read. It 
 will be interesting to some, perhaps, to see the form in which 
 the book originally appeared. A facsimile of the edition of 
 16TS has been published by Elliot Stock (London), which pre- 
 serves the peculiarities of the time and shows us how the 
 quaint little book looked when it first appeared in the world. 
 
 There are a good many lives of Bunyan. The best is that 
 by Dr. John Brown, ^^ minister for more than twenty years of 
 the church of which Bunyan was minister " (Boston, 1888). 
 It is very full and far more thorough than any other book on 
 the subject. For a short account, the best thing is the article 
 in the * 'Dictionary of Xational Biography,*' by CanonVenables. 
 The most famous and most interesting essays on Bunyan are 
 the two by Macaulay, one of which may be found in the 
 "" Encyclopedia Britannica " and both in his ^* Essays." There 
 are also good lives of Bunyan in the ''English Men of 
 Letters Series " and in the '* Great Writers Series," by J. A. 
 Froude and Canon Venables respectively. Another life worth 
 mentioning is by Rev. James Copner, Vicar of Elstow, Bun- 
 yan's birthplace. 
 
THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS : 
 
 IN THE 
 
 SIMILITUDE OF A DREAM 
 
 As I walked through the wilderness^ of this world, I 
 ho'hted^ on a certain place where was a Den,^ 
 and I laid me down in that place to sleep ; and 
 as I slept, I dreamed a Dream. I dreamed, and behold I 
 saw a Man clothed with Rags, standing in a certain place, 
 with his face from'' his own house, a Book in his hand, 
 and a great Burden ^ upon his back. I looked, and saw 
 him open the Book, and read therein ; and as he read, he 
 wept and trembled ; and not being able longer to contain,^ 
 he brake out with a lamentable cry, savin o^, 
 
 ,-r-r, 1 -.1 -r -. n,, J ^ J O^ Hls OUtCrj. 
 
 "What shall I do?" 
 
 In this plight,'^ therefore, he Avent home, and refrained^ 
 himself as long as he could, that his Wife and Children 
 should not perceive his distress, but he could not be silent 
 long, because that his trouble increased : wherefore at 
 length he brake his mind to his Wife and Children; and 
 thus he began to talk to them : O my dear Wife, said he, 
 
 ^ In this expression Bunyan thinks of the * looking away from, 
 
 world as being like a wilderness, a wild and ^ The man in the allegory stands for the 
 
 rugged place, hard to get along in, seem- Christian ; the rags are his efforts to be 
 
 ingly without plan, and yet really in every worthy by his own power ; the book, as we 
 
 way carrying out the law of its Maker. see later, is the Gospel ; the burden is the 
 
 ^ happened upon. weight of sin. 
 
 ' Bunyan is supposed to have in mind ^ to withhold his feelings. 
 
 Bedford jail, the prison in which he was '' situation, 
 
 writing. See p. si. ® kept away from, 
 
2 THE PILGRIM S PROGRESS. 
 
 and 370U the Children of my bowels,^ I your dear friend ^ 
 am in myself undone^ by reason of a Burden that lieth 
 hard upon me; moreover, I am for certain in- 
 formed that this our City^ will be burned with 
 fire from Heaven ; in which fearful overthrow, both my- 
 self, with thee my Wife, and you my sweet Babes, shall 
 miserably come to ruin, except (the^ which yet I see 
 not) some way of escape can be found, whereby 
 way of es- wc may be delivered." At this his Relations were 
 sore amazed ; not for that '^ they believed that 
 what he had said to them was true, but because they thought 
 that some frenzy distemper^ had got into his head ; there- 
 fore, it drawing towards night, and they hoping that sleep 
 might settle his brains, with all haste they got him to bed. 
 But the night was as troublesome to him as the day ; 
 wherefore, instead of sleeping, he spent it in sighs and 
 tears. So, when the morning was come, they would know 
 how he did ; he told them, "Worse and worse. He also set 
 to talking to them again, but they began to be hardened : 
 they also thought to drive away his distemper by harsh 
 and surly carriages,^ to him ; sometimes they would deride, 
 sometimes they would chide, and sometimes they would 
 quite neglect him. Wherefore he began to retire himself 
 to his chamber, to pray for and pity them, and also to 
 condole his own misery ; he would also walk solitarily in 
 the fields, sometimes reading, and sometimes praying : and 
 thus for some days he spent-his time. 
 
 1 The bowels, among Eastern nations, ^ This use of ^/i6 is of course now obsolete, 
 were supposed to be the seat of the affections. « Modern syntax omits the /or, or more 
 
 2 This word, which seems to be rather cold commonly uses because instead of "for 
 here as used by a father to his wife and that." 
 
 children, had often, in Bunyan's day, the ^ some wild craziness. 
 
 sense of " one who loves warmly." ^ " Carriages " means the way they car- 
 
 ^ ruined. ried themselves, or behaved towards him. 
 
 * "Our City" stands in the allegory for It is in the plural because it refers to sev- 
 
 this world. eral people. 
 
EVANGELIST. 8 
 
 ]^ow, I saw, upon a time, when he was walking in the 
 fields, that he was, as he was wont,^ reading in his Book, 
 and greatly distressed in his mind ; and as he read, he 
 burst out, as he had done before, crying, " "What shall I 
 do to be saved?" 
 
 I saw also that he looked this way and that way, as if 
 he would run ; yet he stood still, because, as I perceived, 
 he could not tell which way to go. I looked 
 then, and saw a man named 'Evangelist, coming comer to 
 to him, and asked, " Wherefore dost thou cry ? " 
 He answered, Sir, I perceive by the Book in my hand, 
 that I am condemned to die, and after that to come to 
 Judgment, and I find that I am not willing to do the first, 
 nor able to do the second. 
 
 Then said Evangelist, Why not willing to die, since this 
 life is attended with so many evils ? The Man answered, 
 Because I fear that this Burden that is upon my back 
 will sink me lower than the Grave, and I shall fall into 
 Tophet.^ And, Sir, if I be not fit to go to Prison, I am not 
 fit to go to Judgment, and from thence to Execution ; and 
 the thoughts of these things make me cry. 
 
 Then said Evangelist, If this be thy condition, why 
 standest thou still ? Pie answered, Because I know not 
 whither to go. Then he gave him a Parchment-roll,^ and 
 there was written within, Fly from the wrath to come. 
 
 The Man therefore read it, and, looking upon Evangel- 
 ist very carefully,'^ said. Whither must I fly ? Then said 
 Evangelist, pointing with his finger over a very wide 
 field, Do you see yonder Wicket-gate ? ^ The Man said, 
 
 > accnetomed to do. out to him the words, " Fly from the wrath 
 
 3 a place near Jerusalem, which came to to come." 
 
 be a type of Hell. See Milton, " Paradise * with great care, or trouble. 
 
 Lost," i. 404. 5 Christ calls Himself "the Door." 
 
 3 "Parchment-roll" probably means the "Strait (or narrow) is the gate and nar- 
 
 Old Testament, in which Evangelist points row is the way which leadeth unto life," 
 
4 THE PILGRIM S PROGRESS. 
 
 No. Then said the other, Do you see yonder shining 
 Light ? ^ He said, I think I do. Then said Evangehst, 
 Keep that Light in your eye, and go up directly thereto : 
 so shalt thou see the Gate ; at which, when thou knockest, 
 it shall be told thee what thou shalt do. 
 
 So I saw in my Dream that the Man began to run. 
 Now he had not run far from his own door, but^ his Wife 
 and Children, perceiving it, began to cry after him to 
 „ ^ . , return ; but the Man put his fino^ers in his ears 
 
 He begins to ' . 
 
 ^^^- and ran on, crying, " Life ! Life ! Eternal Life ! " 
 
 So he looked not behind him, but fled toward the middle 
 of the Plain. 
 
 The Neighbors also came out to see him run ; and as he 
 ran, some mocked,^ others threatened, and some cried after 
 him to return. Now among those that did so, there were 
 two that resolved to fetch him back by force. The name 
 of the one was Obstinate, and the name of the other 
 Pliable. Now by this time the Man was got a good dis- 
 tance from them ; but however they were resolved to pur- 
 sue him, which they did, and in a little time they 
 andpifabie ovcrtook him. Then said the Man, Neighbors, 
 wherefore are you come ? They said, To per- 
 suade you to go back with us. But he said, That can by no 
 means be. You dwell, said he, in the City of Destruction, 
 the place also where I was born, I see it to be so ; and dying 
 there, sooner or later, you will sink lower than the Grave, 
 into a place that burns with Fire and Brimstone. Be coi-- 
 tent, good Neighbors, and go along with me. 
 
 Ohst. What, said Obstinate, and leave our Friends and 
 our comforts behind us? 
 
 Ch7\ Yes, said Christian, for that was his name, because 
 
 1 He must follow the Word, which would 2 ;xn obsolete use ; we should write now 
 be a light to his feet, and he would find before, or when, instead of "but," 
 Christ. 3 scoffed at him, 
 
OBSTINATE AND PLIABLE. 5 
 
 that all which you shall forsake is not worthy to be com- 
 pared with a little of that that I am seeking to enjoy ; and 
 if you will go along with me, you shall fare ^ as I myself ; 
 for there where I go, is enough and to spare. Come away, 
 and prove my words. 
 
 01)8t. What are the things you seek, since you leave all 
 the World to find them ? 
 
 Chr. I seek an Inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and 
 that fadeth not away, and it is laid up in Heaven, and 
 safe there, to be bestowed, at the time appointed, on them 
 that diligently seek it. Eead it so, if you will, in my Book. 
 
 Ohst. Tush, said Obstinate, away with your Book ; will 
 you go back with us or no ? 
 
 Chr. No, not I, said the other, because I have laid my 
 hand to the Plow. 
 
 Olst. Come then, E'eighbor Pliable, let us turn again, 
 and go home without him ; there is a company of these 
 crazed-headed Coxcombs, that, when they take a fancy by 
 the end, are wiser in their own eyes than seven men that 
 can render a reason. 
 
 Pli. Then said Pliable, Don't revile ; if what the good 
 Christian says is true, the things he looks after are better 
 than ours ; my heart inclines to go with my Neighbor. 
 
 Ohst. What ! more Fools still ? Be ruled by me, and go 
 back ; who knows whither such a brain-sick fellow will 
 lead you ? Go back, go back, and be wise. 
 
 Chr. Come with me, Neighbor Pliable ; there are such 
 things to be had which I spoke of, and many more Glories 
 besides. If you believe not me, read here in this Book ; 
 and for the truth of what is expressed therein, behold, all 
 is confirmed by the blood of Him that made it. 
 
 • get along. To fare liad originally the The verb is hardly used, except as regard- 
 senee of actually getting along on the road, ing food. 
 
6 THE PILGHIM S PROGRESS. 
 
 PIL Well, Neighbor Obstinate, said Pliable, I begin to 
 come to a point ; I intend to go along with this good man, 
 and to cast in my lot with him ; but, my good Companion, 
 do you know the way to this desired place? 
 
 Chr. I am directed by a man, whose name is Evangelist, 
 to speed me to a little Gate that is before us, where we 
 shall receive instructions about the way. 
 
 Pli, Come then, good Neighbor, let us be going. 
 
 Then they went both together. 
 
 Ohst. And I will ffo back to my place, said 
 
 Obstinate ^i ^. ^ T -n t. • i I ' 
 
 goes railing Obstmatc ; I Will be no companion oi such mis- 
 led, fantastical fellows. 
 Talk be- Now I saw in my Dream, that when Obstinate 
 
 Sraud^"^' ^^^^ gone back. Christian and Pliable went talk- 
 piiabie. ^jjg ^^^^ |-]^Q Plain ; and thus they began their 
 discourse. 
 
 Chr. Come, ISTeighbor Pliable, how do you do? I am 
 glad you are persuaded to go along with me. Had even 
 Obstinate himself but felt what I have felt of the Powers 
 and Terrors of what is yet unseen, he would not thus 
 hghtly have given us the back.^ 
 
 Pli. Come, Neighbor Christian, since there are none 
 but us two here, tell me now further what the things are, 
 and how to be enjoyed, Avhither we are going ? 
 
 Chr. I can better conceive of them with my Mind than 
 speak of them with my Tongue : but yet, since you are 
 desirous to know, I will read of them in my Book. 
 
 Pli. And do you think that the words of your Book are 
 certainly true ? 
 
 Chr. Yes, verily ; for it was made by Him that can- 
 not lie. 
 
 Pli. Well said ; what things are they ? 
 
 1 turned away from us. 
 
THE EVERLASTING KINGDOM. 7 
 
 Clir. There is an endless Kingxlom to be inhabited, and 
 everlasting Life to be given us, that we may inhabit that 
 Kinofdom for ever. 
 
 Pli. Well said : and what else ? 
 
 Clir, There are Crowns of Glory to be given us, and 
 Garments that will make us shine like the Sun in the 
 firmament of Heaven. 
 
 Pli. This is excellent ; and what else ? 
 
 Ghr. There shall be no more crying, nor sorrow ; for He 
 that is owner of the places will wipe all tears from our eyes. 
 
 Pli. And what company shall we have there ? 
 
 Clir. There we shall be with Seraphims^ and Cherubins, 
 creatures that will dazzle your eyes to took on them : 
 There also you shall meet with thousands and ten thou- 
 sands that have gone before us to that place; none of 
 them are hurtful, but loving and holy ; every one walking 
 in the sight of God, and standing in His presence with 
 acceptance for ever. In a word, there we shall see the 
 Elders with their golden Crowns, there we shall see the 
 Holy Yirgins with their golden Harps, there we shall see 
 men that by the World were cut in pieces, burnt in flames, 
 eaten of^ beasts, drowned in the seas, for the love that 
 they bare to the Lord of the place, all well, and clothed 
 with Immortality as with a Garment. 
 
 PIL The hearing of this is enough to ravish " one's 
 heart ; but are these things to be enjoyed ? How shall we 
 get to be sharers hereof ? 
 
 ' The true Hebrew plurals of Seraph and of the Bible we have SeraiJhims and Cher- 
 
 Cheruh are -SerapMin and Cherubim. But iibims, and these plurals may be found 
 
 the words first came mto English through later, even in the works of learned men, 
 
 the medium of several other languages, and like Jeremy Taylor. According to the gen- 
 
 commonly in the forms Seraphin and eral practice of his day, Bunyan's forms 
 
 Cherubin, of which the plurals were formed were correct enough, 
 
 by adding an s. These are still the forms 2 by. 
 
 in French. A knowledge of Hebrew intro- ' as we say, " I was quite carried away 
 
 duced the ?m. In the King James version by it " ; delighted. 
 
b THE PILGRIMS PROGRESS. 
 
 Chr. The Lord, the Governor of the country, hath 
 recorded that in this Book ; the substance of which is. If 
 we be truly wilhng to have it, he will bestow it upon us 
 freely. 
 
 Pli. "Well, my good Companion, glad am I to hear of 
 these things ; come on, let us mend ^ our pace. 
 
 Clir. I cannot go so fast as I would, by reason of this 
 Burden that is upon my back. 
 
 E'ow I saw in my Dream, that just as they had ended 
 this talk, they drew near to a very miry Slough,''^ 
 of%Spond. that was in the midst of the plain ; and they, 
 being heedless, did both fall suddenly into the 
 bog. The name of the slough was Despond. Here, 
 therefore, they wallowed ^ for a time, being grievously 
 bedaubed with the dirt ; and Christian, because of the 
 Burden that was on his back, began to sink in the mire. 
 
 Pli. Then said Phable, Ah, ^N'eighbor Christian, where 
 are you now \ 
 
 Chr. Truly, said Christian, I do not know. 
 
 Pli. At that Pliable began to be offended, and angrily 
 said to his fellow. Is this the happiness you have told me 
 all this while of ? If we have such ill speed ^ at our first 
 setting out, what may we expect 'twixt this and our Jour- 
 ney's end ? May I get out again with my life, jt'ou shall 
 possess the brave ^ Country alone for me.^ And with that 
 he gave a desperate struggle or two, and got out of the 
 mire on that side of the Slough which was next to his 
 own House : so away he went, and Christian saw him no 
 more. 
 
 1 improve ; let us get on a bit faster. ^ tumbled about. 
 
 2 The slough signifies the despondency or < success : both words are commonly used 
 failure of heart that sometimes comes upon of favorable events ; good speed is the com- 
 one in a Christian life. Bunyan placed it at mon expression. Ill speed is like ill success. 
 the beginning, before Christian has even ^ gue, splendid. 
 
 been received at the gate. ' so far as I am concerned. 
 
CHEISTIAN ESCAPES FROM THE SLOUGH. 
 
 Wherefore Christian was left to tumble in the Slough of 
 Despondency alone: but still he endeavored to christian 
 struggle to that side of the Slough that was still geekritiu to 
 further from his own House, and next ^ to the IS^ mb^' 
 Wicket-gate; the which he did, but could not «^^^ House, 
 get out, because of the Burden that was upon his back. 
 But I beheld in my Dream, that a Man came to him, 
 whose name was Help, and asked him. What he did there ? 
 
 Chv. Sir, said Christian, I was directed this way by a 
 man called Evangelist, who directed me also to yonder 
 Gate, that I might escape the wrath to come ; and as I 
 was going thither, I fell in here. 
 
 Heljp. But why did you not look for the T^^eProm- 
 steps?^ '''''^■ 
 
 Chr. Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the next way, 
 and fell in. 
 
 Help. Give me thy hand. So he gave him his hand, 
 and he drew him out, and set him upon sound ground, and 
 bid him go on his way. 
 
 Now I saw in my Dream, that by this time Pliable was 
 got home to his house again. So his ISTeighbors came to 
 visit him; and some of them called him Wise Man for 
 coming back, and some called him Fool for hazarding 
 himself with Christian : others again did mock at his cow- 
 ardliness, saying, Surely since you began to venture, I 
 would not have been so base to have given out for a few 
 difficulties. So Pliable sat sneaking among them. But 
 at last he got more confidence, and then they all turned ^ 
 their tales, and began to deride poor Christian behind his 
 back. And thus much concerning Pliable. 
 
 Now as Christian was walking solitary by himself, he 
 
 1 Next is the superhitive of nigh. salvation. " He laid help upon One mighty 
 
 2 The steps symbolize the promises of to save." ^ changed their tone. 
 
10 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 espied one afar off come crossing over the field to meet 
 him ; and their hap ^ was to meet just as they were cross- 
 ing the way of each other. The gentleman's name that 
 met him was Mr. Worldly Wiseman: he dwelt in the 
 Town of Carnal Policy, a very great Town, and also hard 
 by from whence Christian came. This man then meeting 
 with Christian, and having some inkling ^ of him, — for 
 Christian's setting forth from the City of Destruction was 
 much noised abroad, not only in the Town where he dwelt, 
 but also it began to be the town-talk in some other places, — 
 Master Worldly Wiseman therefore, having some guess of 
 him, by beholding his laborious going, by observing his 
 sighs and groans, and the like, began thus to enter into 
 some talk with Christian. 
 
 World. How now, good fellow, whither away after this 
 burdened manner? 
 
 Chr. A burdened manner indeed, as ever I think 
 
 poor creature had. And wdiereas you ask me, 
 
 Mr. worwfy Whither away, I tell you. Sir, I am going to 
 
 andc^ris- youdcr Wickct-gatc before me ; for there, as I 
 
 am informed, I shall be put into a way to be rid 
 
 of my heavy Burden. 
 
 World. Hast thou a Wife and Chiklren ? 
 
 Chr. Yes, but I am so laden with this Burden, that I 
 cannot take that pleasure in them as formerly ; methinks 
 I am as if I had none. 
 
 World. Wilt thou hearken to me if I give thee counsel ? 
 
 Chr. If it be good, I will ; for I stand in need of good 
 counsel. 
 
 Wo7'ld. I would advise thee, then, that thou with all 
 speed get thyself rid of thy Burden ; for thou wilt never 
 be settled in thy mind till then ; nor canst thou enjoy the 
 
 1 chance. ^ slight knowledge. 
 
christian's burden. 11 
 
 benefits of the blessing which God hath bestowed upon 
 thee till then. 
 
 Clir. That is that which I seek for, even to be rid of this 
 heavy Burden ; but get it off myself, I cannot ; nor is 
 there any man in our country that can take it off my 
 shoulders ; therefore am I going this way, as I told you, 
 that I may be rid of my Burden. 
 
 World. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of thy 
 Burden ? 
 
 Ghr. A man that appeared to me to be a very great 
 and honorable person ; his name, as I remember, is Evan- 
 gelist. 
 
 World, I beshrew ^ him for his counsel ; there is not 
 a more dangerous and troublesome way in the world than 
 is that unto which he hath directed thee ; and that thou 
 shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his counsel. Thou hast 
 met with something (as I perceive) already ; for I see the 
 dirt of the Slough of Despond is upon thee; but that 
 Slouo^h is the beo^innino^ of the sorrows that do attend 
 those that go on in that way. Hear me, I am older than 
 thou ; thou art like to meet with, in the way which thou 
 goest, Wearisomeness, Painfulness, Hunger, Perils, Naked- 
 ness, Sword, Lions, Dragons, Darkness, and in a word, 
 Death, and what not ! ^ These things are certainly true, 
 having been confirmed by many testimonies. And why 
 should a man so carelessly cast away himself, by giving 
 heed to a stranger ? 
 
 Chr, Why, Sir, this Burden upon my back is more terri- 
 ble to me than are all these things which you have men- 
 tioned ; nay, methinks I care not what I meet with in the 
 way, so be ^ I can also meet with deliverance from my 
 Burden. 
 
 1 curse, execrate. 2 and every other evil. ^ jf. 
 
12 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 World. How earnest thou by thy Burden at first 1 
 
 Chr. By reading this Book in my hand. 
 
 Wo7'ld. I thought so ; and it is happened unto thee as 
 to other weak men, who, meddhng with things too high 
 for them, do suddenly fall into thy distractions ; ^ which 
 distractions do not only unman men (as thine, I perceive, 
 has done thee), but they run them upon desperate ven- 
 tures, to obtain they know not what. 
 
 Chr. I know what I would obtain ; it is ease for my 
 heavy burden. 
 
 World. But why wilt thou seek for ease this way, see- 
 ing so many dangers attend it ? Especially, since (hadst 
 thou but patience to hear me) I could direct thee to the 
 obtaining of what thou desirest, without the dangers that 
 Mr woridry ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^J ^^'^^^ ^'^^ thysclf iuto ; yea, and 
 Si?Mo- ^l^e remedy is at hand. Besides, I will add, that 
 th?stSfr^ instead of those dangers, thou shalt meet with 
 Gate. much Safety, friendship, and content. 
 
 Chr. Pray, Sir, open this secret to me. 
 
 World. Why in yonder Tillage^ (the village is named 
 Morality) there dwells a Gentleman whose name is Le- 
 gality, a very judicious man, and a man of a very good 
 name, that has skill to help men off with such burdens as 
 thine are from their shoulders : yea, to my knowledge he 
 hath done a great deal of good this way. 
 
 Now was Christian somewhat at a stand, but presently ^ 
 he concluded, If this be true which this Gentleman hath 
 said, my wisest course is to take his advice ; and with that 
 he thus further spoke. 
 
 Chr. Sir, which is my way to this honest man's house? 
 
 1 crazy fits. We still say "distracted," fies the attempt to live amoral life accord- 
 meaning not quite in the right mind. ing to the precepts of the Law only. 
 
 2 The attempt of Christian to find Mr. ^ The word used to mean "at once," "at 
 Legality, of the village of Morality, typi- the present moment." 
 
The terrors of sinai. 13 
 
 World. Do you see yonder high Hill ? ' ^^^^^^ ^.^^. 
 
 C/ir. Yes, very well. 
 
 Wo7'ld. By that Hill you must go, and the first house 
 you come at is his. 
 
 So Christian turned out of his Avay to go to Mr. Le- 
 gality's house for help ; but behold, when he was got now 
 hard by^ the Hill, it seemed so high, and also that side of 
 it that was next the wayside did hang so much over, that 
 Christian was afraid to venture further, lest the Hill 
 should fall on his head ; wherefore there he stood still, 
 and he wot^ not what to do. Also his Burden now 
 seemed heavier to him than while he was in his way. 
 There came also flashes of fire out of the Hill, that made 
 Christian afraid that he should be burned. Here there- 
 fore he sweat and did quake for fear. And now he began 
 to be sorry that he had taken Mr. Worldly Wiseman's 
 counsel. And with that he saw Evangelist coming to 
 meet him ; at the sight also of whom he began to blush for 
 shame. So Evangelist drew nearer and nearer ; and com- 
 ing up to him, he looked upon him with a severe and dread- 
 ful countenance, and thus began to reason with Christian. 
 
 Evan. What dost thou here, Christian ? said he : at 
 which words Christian knew not what to an- 
 
 swer ; wherefore at present ^ he stood speechless ^^''^^^^ 
 
 Evangelist 
 reasons 
 afresh with. 
 
 before him. Then said Evangelist farther. Art ^^i^^^tiau. 
 not thou the man that I found crying without the walls of 
 the City of Destruction? 
 
 Chr. Yes, dear Sir, I am the man. 
 
 Evan. Did not I direct thee the way to the little 
 Wicket-gate ? 
 
 Chr. Yes, dear Sir, said Christian. 
 
 ' The hill is Siiiai, which typifies the and Christian fears that it will destroy 
 Jewish law ; it is stern and threatening, him. 2 uear, ^ knew. * now. 
 
14 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 Evan. How is it then that thou art so quickly turned 
 aside ? For thou art now out of the way. 
 
 Ch7\ I met with a Gentleman so soon as I had got over 
 the Slough of Despond, who persuaded me that I might, in 
 the village before me, find a man that could take off my 
 Burden. 
 
 Evan. What was he? 
 
 Clir. He looked like a Gentleman, and talked much to 
 me, and got me at last to yield ; so I came hither : 
 but when I beheld this Hill, and how it hangs over the 
 way, I suddenly made a stand, lest it should fall on my 
 head. 
 
 Evan. Then, said Evangelist, stand still a little, that 
 I may show thee the words of God. So he stood trem- 
 bling. Then said Evangelist, See that ye refuse not him 
 that speaketh ; for if they escaped not who refused him 
 that spake on Earth, much more shall not we escape, if 
 we turn away from him that speaketh from Heaven. He 
 said moreover, " Now the just shall live by faith : but if 
 Evanc^eiist ^^.7 ^^^ draws baclv, my soul shall have no 
 ciiilsS pleasure in him." He also did thus apply them, 
 of his error, r^^^ov. art thc mau that art running into this 
 misery, thou hast begun to reject the counsel of the Most 
 High, and to draw back thy foot from the way of peace, 
 even almost to the hazarding^ of thy perdition.^ 
 
 Then Christian fell down at his foot as dead, crying. 
 Woe is me, for I am undone.^ At the sight of which. 
 Evangelist caught him by the right hand, saying. All 
 manner of sin and blasphemies shall be forgiven unto men; 
 be not faithless, but believino^. Then did Clhristian ao:ain 
 a little revive, and stood up trembling, as at first, before 
 Evangelist. 
 
 ^ running the risk of. 2 being lost. ' ruined. 
 
THE WICKET GATE. 15 
 
 CJiT. Sir, what think you ? Is there hopes ? ^ May I 
 now go back and go up to the Wicket-gate % Shall I not 
 be abandoned for this, and sent back from thence ashamed ? 
 I am sorry I have hearkened to this man's counsel : but 
 may my sin be forgiven ? 
 
 Evan, Then said Evangelist to him, Thy sin is very 
 great, for by it thou hast committed two evils : thou hast 
 forsaken the Avay that is good, to tread in forbidden paths ; 
 yet will the man at the Gate receive thee, for he has good- 
 will for men ; only, said he, take heed that thou turn not 
 aside again, lest thou perish from the way, when his wrath 
 is kindled but a little. 
 
 Then did Christian address ^ himself to go back ; and 
 Evangelist, after he had kissed him, gave him one smile, 
 and bid him God speed. So he went on with haste, 
 neither spake he to any man by the way ; nor if any man 
 asked him, would he vouchsafe^ them an answer. He 
 went like one that was all the while treading on forbidden 
 ground, and could by no means think himself safe, till 
 again he was got into the way which he left to follow Mr. 
 Worldly Wiseman's counsel. So in process of time Chris- 
 tian got up to the Gate. Now over the Gate By this time, 
 there was written, " Knock and it shall be S,as^gouip 
 opened unto you." He knocked therefore more *» the Gate. 
 than once or twice, saying. 
 
 May I now enter here ? Will he within 
 Open to sorry me, though I have been 
 An undeserving Rebel ? Then shall I 
 Not fail to sing his lasting praise on high. 
 
 At last there came a grave Person to the Gate named 
 Good-will, who asked Who was there? and whence he 
 came ? and what he would have ? 
 
 1 For a similar construction, now obso- ^ get ready, 
 
 lete, see p. 17, 1. 4. 3 grant, give. 
 
16 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 Chr. Here is a poor burdened sinner. I come from the 
 City of Destruction, but am going to Mount Zion, that I 
 may be delivered from the wrath to come. I would 
 therefore, Sir, since I am informed that by this Gate is 
 the way thither, know if you are willing to let me in. 
 
 Good-imll. I am willing with all my heart, said he ; 
 The Gate ^^^ y^\\h that lie opened the Gate, 
 opened to ^^ whcu Christian was stepping in, the other 
 
 hearted g^^® l^i"^ ^ P^ll- Then said Christian, What 
 
 sinners. m^^ji^ that ? The other told him, A little dis- 
 tance from this Gate, there is erected a strong Castle, of 
 which Beelzebub ^ is the Captain ; from thence both he 
 Satan envies ^^^^ ^^ley, that are with him shoot arrows at 
 entl? the* those that come up to this Gate, if haply ^ they 
 strait Gate. ^^^^ j|g before they can enter in. Then said 
 Christian, I rejoice and tremble. So when he was got 
 in, the Man of the Gate asked him. Who directed him, 
 thither? 
 
 Chr. Evangelist bid me come hither and knock (as I 
 did) ; and he said that 3^ou, Sir, would tell me what I 
 must do. 
 
 Good-will. An open door is set before thee, and no man 
 can shut it. 
 
 Chr. Now I begin to reap the benefits of my hazards.^ 
 Oh, what a favor is this to me, that yet I am admitted 
 entrance here. 
 
 Good-will. We make no objections against any ; not- 
 withstanding all that they have done before they come 
 hither, they in no wise are cast out ; and therefore, good 
 Christian, come a little way with me, and I will 
 comforted tcach thee about the way thou must go. Look 
 ^ ' before thee ; dost thou see this narrow way ? 
 
 * called in Matt. xii. 24 " The prince of Devils." ^ by chance. ^ dangers. 
 
THE STRAIGHT AND NARROW WAY. 17 
 
 That is the way thou must go ; it was cast up ^ by the 
 Patriarchs, Prophets, Christ, his Apostles; and it is as 
 straight as a rule can make it. This is the way thou must go. 
 
 Chr. But said Christian, Is there no turnings nor wind- 
 ings, by Avhich a Stranger may lose the way ? 
 
 Good-will. Yes, there are many ways butt ^ down upon 
 this, and they are crooked and wide : but thus thou may- 
 est distinguish the right from the wrong, that only being 
 straiglit and narrow. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream, that Christian asked him fur- 
 ther if he could not help him off with his Burden that was 
 upon his back ; for as yet he had not got rid thereof, nor 
 could he by any means get it off without help. 
 
 He told him. As to the Burden, be content to bear it, 
 until thou comest to the place of Deliverance ; for there it 
 will fall from thy back itself. 
 
 Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to ad- 
 dress ^ himself to his Journey. So the other told him, that 
 by that* he was gone some distance from the Gate, he 
 would come at the House of the Interpreter, at whose 
 door he should knock, and he would show him excellent 
 thintrs. Then Christian took his leave of his Friend, and 
 he again bid him God speed. 
 
 Then he went on till he came at the House of the Inter- 
 pi-eter, ^ where he knocked over and over : at christian 
 hist one came to the door, and asked Who was ff^^^^ ^^ *5;^ 
 
 tliere ? interpreter. 
 
 Chr. Sir, here is a Traveller, who was bid by an ac- 
 quaintance of the Good-man of this house to call here for 
 
 1 built. see that his part in the story is that of one 
 
 2 as we should say, " strike into." who explains and makes clear to Christian 
 
 3 apply. various of the puzzles which every one had 
 * by the time that. observed in the world. Perhaps Bunyan 
 5 It is hard to say just whom Bunyan meant the Holy Spirit, but the only comment 
 
 meant by the Interpreter. But it is easy to that he gives is the note " Illumination." 
 2 
 
18 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 ray profit; I would therefore speak with the Master of 
 the House. 
 
 So he called for the Master of the House, who after a 
 little time came to Christian, and asked him what he 
 would have ? 
 
 Glir. Sir, said Christian, 1* am a man that am come from 
 the City of Destruction, and am going to the Mount Zion ; 
 and I was told by the Man that stands at the Gate, at the 
 head of this way, that if I called here, you would show me 
 excellent things, such as would be an help to me in my 
 Journey. 
 
 Inter. Then said the Interpreter, Come in, I will show 
 thee that which will be profitable to thee. So he com- 
 manded his man to lie-ht the Candle, and bid 
 
 Illumination. r. i i 
 
 Christian follow him : so he had him into a 
 private room, and bid his Man open a door; the which 
 when he had done, Christian saw the Picture of a very 
 
 grave Person ^ hang up against the wall ; and 
 eee"ab?ave this was the fashion of it. It had eyes lifted up 
 
 to Heaven, the best of Books in its hand, the 
 Law of Truth was written upon its lips, the World was 
 behind his back. It stood as if it pleaded with men, and 
 a Crown of Gold did hang over his head. E'ow, said the 
 
 Interpreter, I have showed thee this Picture 
 showed him first, bccausc the Man whose Picture this is, is 
 
 the Picture ' ' 
 
 first. the only man whom the Lord of the place 
 
 whither thou art going hath authorized to be thy Guide in 
 all difficult places thou mayest meet with in the way ; 
 wherefore take good heed to what I have showed thee, 
 and bear well in thy mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy 
 Journey thou meet with some that pretend to lead thee 
 right, but their way goes down to death. 
 
 1 See Introduction, p. xvi. 
 
PASSION AND PATIENCE. 19 
 
 I saw moreover in my Dream, that the Interpreter took 
 him by the hand, and had him into a Httle room, where 
 sat two httle Children, each one in his chair. The name 
 of the eldest was Passion, and the name of the ^^ showed 
 other Patience. Passion seemed to be much dis- ^^ fnl'pa- 
 content ; but Patience was very quiet. Then *^®^^^- 
 Christian asked, What is the reason of the discontent of 
 Passion ? The Interpreter answered, The Gover- ^^^^^^^ ^^iu 
 nor of them would have him stay for his best Jjo^^f/^" 
 things till the beginning of the next year; but he patience is 
 will have all now ; but Patience is willing to wait, ^o^" ^^^iting. 
 
 Then I saw that one came to Passion, and brought him 
 a bag of Treasure, and poured it down at his pagsionhas 
 feet, the which he took up and rejoiced therein ; ^^^ *^^^^^^- 
 and withal, laughed Patience to scorn. But I And quickly 
 beheld but a while, and he had lavished ^ all ^^f^^'^^^ 
 away, and had nothing left him but Kags. 
 
 Ch7\ Then said Christian to the Interpreter, Expound 
 this matter more fully to me. rp^^ ^^^tter 
 
 Inter. So he said, These two Lads are Figures : expounded. 
 Passion, of the Men of this World ; and Patience, of the 
 Men of that which is to come; for as here thou seest, 
 Passion will have all now this year, that is to say, in this 
 world ; so are the men of this world : they must have all 
 their good things now, they cannot stay till next year, that 
 is, until the next world, for their portion of good. Ti^eworidiy 
 That proverb, A Bird in the Hand is worth two ^^^jg^L 
 in the Bush, is of more authority with them than °^''^- 
 are all the Divine testimonies of the good of the World to 
 come. But as thou sawest that he had quickly lavished 
 all away, and had presently left him nothing but Kags ; 
 so will it be with all such Men at the end of this World. 
 
 1 wasted, squandered. 
 
20 THE pilgrim's progeess. 
 
 CliT. Then said Christian, Now I see that Patience has 
 the best wisdom, and that upon many accounts. 
 
 Patience it/ 
 
 had the best 1. Bccause he stavs for the best thino^s. 2. And 
 
 wisdom. ^ ^ 
 
 also because he will have the Glory of his, when 
 the other has nothing but Rags. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream that the Interpreter took 
 Christian by the hand, and led him into a place where 
 was a Fire burning against a Wall, and one standing by 
 it, always casting much Water upon it, to quench it ; yet 
 did the Fire burn higher and hotter. 
 
 Then said Christian, What means this ? 
 
 The Interpreter answered, This Fire is the work of 
 Grace that is wrought in the heart ; he that casts Water 
 upon it, to extinguish and put it out, is the Devil ; but in 
 that thou seest the Fire notwithstanding burn higher and 
 hotter, thou shalt also see the reason of that. So he had 
 him about to the back side of the wall, where he saw 
 a man with a Vessel of Oil in his hand, of the which he 
 did also continually cast (but secretly) into the Fire. 
 
 Then said Christian, What means this ? 
 
 The Interpreter answered, This is Christ, who con- 
 tinually, with the Oil of his Grace,^ maintains the work 
 already begun in the heart: by the means of which, not- 
 withstanding what the Devil can do, the souls of his 
 people prove gracious still. And in that thou sawest that 
 the man stood behind the Wall to maintain the Fire, this 
 is to teach thee that it is hard for the tempted to see how 
 this work of Grace is maintained in the soul. 
 
 I saw also that the Interpreter took him again by the 
 hand, and led him into a pleasant place, where was budded 
 a stately Palace, beautiful to behold ; at the sight of which 
 Christian was greatly delighted : he saw also upon the top 
 
 1 Bunyan refers here to 2 Cor. xii. 9, " My grace is sufficient for thee." 
 
A STOUT MAN. 21 
 
 thereof, certain Persons walking, who were clothed all in 
 gold. 
 
 Then said Christian, May we go in thither ? 
 
 Then the Interpreter took him, and led him up toward 
 the door of the Palace ; and behold, at the door stood a 
 great company of men, as desirous to go in, but durst not. 
 There also sat a Man at a little distance from the door, at 
 a table-side, with a Book and his Inkhorn ^ before him, to 
 take the names of them that should enter therein. He saw 
 also, that in the door-way stood man}^ men in armor to 
 keep it, being resolved to do the men that would enter 
 wdiat hurt and mischief they could. Now was Christian 
 somewhat in a muse.^ At last, when every man started 
 back for fear of the armed men, Christian saw a man of a 
 very stout ^ countenance come up to the man that sat there 
 to write, saying, '^ Set down thy name, Sir : " the which 
 when he had done, he saw the man draw his Sword, and 
 put an Helmet upon his head, and rush toward the door 
 upon the armed men, who laid upon him with deadly 
 force ; but the man, not at all discouraged, fell to cutting 
 and hacking most fiercely. So after he had received and 
 given many wounds to those that attempted to keep him 
 out, he cut his way through them all, and pressed forward 
 into the Palace, at which there w^as a pleasant voice heard 
 from those that were within, even of the Three that 
 walked upon the top of the Palace, saying, 
 
 Come in, Come in ; 
 
 Eternal Glory thou shalt win. 
 
 So he went in, and was clothed with such Garments as 
 
 1 a case for pens and ink. Inkhorns were doubtless made of real horns at first, but 
 afterwards they were more commonly made of metal or wood. 
 * in a fit of thinking. 3 resolute. 
 
22 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 they. Then Christian smiled, and said, I think verily I 
 know the meaning of this. 
 
 Now, said Christian, let me go hence. Nay stay, said 
 
 the Interpreter, till I have showed thee a little more, and 
 
 after that thou shalt go on thy way. So he took him 
 
 by the hand again, and led him into a very 
 
 an Iron ^'^ dark room, where there sat a Man in an Iron 
 
 Cage. ^ 
 
 Cage. 
 
 Now the Man, to look on, seemed very sad ; he sat with 
 his eyes looking down to the ground, his hands folded 
 together ; and he sighed as if he would break his heart. 
 Then said Christian, What means this ? At which the 
 Interpreter bid him talk with the Man. 
 
 Then said Christian to the Man, What art thou? The 
 Man answered, I am what I was not once. 
 
 Clir. What wast thou once % 
 
 Man. The Man said, I was once a fair and flourishing 
 Professor,^ both in mine own eyes, and also in the eyes of 
 others; I once was, as I thought, fair^ for the Celestial 
 City, and had then even joy at the thoughts that I should 
 get thither. 
 
 Clir. Well, but what art thou now ? 
 
 Man. I am now a man of Despair, and am shut up 
 in it, as in this Iron Cage. I cannot get out ; Oh now I 
 cannot. 
 
 CliT. But how camest thou in this condition ? 
 
 Man. I left off to watch and be sober ; I laid the reins 
 upon the neck ^ of my lusts ; I sinned against the light of 
 the Word and the goodness of God ; I have grieved the 
 Spirit, and he is gone ; I tempted the Devil, and he is 
 
 1 one who professes himself a Chris- ^ as a rider drops the reigns on the neck 
 tian. of a horse wlien he allows him to go as he 
 
 2 in favoring condition. desires. 
 
THE BURDEN FALLS. 23 
 
 come to me ; I have provoked God to anger, and he has left 
 me ; I have so hardened my heart, that I cannot repent. 
 
 Then said the Interpreter to Christian, Ilast thou con- 
 sidered all these things? 
 
 Chr. Yes, and they put me in hope and fear. 
 
 Inte7\ Well, keep all things so in thy mind that they 
 may be as a Goad' in thy sides, to prick thee forward in 
 the way thou must go. Then Christian began to gird up 
 his loins, and to address himself to his Journey. Then 
 said the Interpreter, The Comforter be always with thee, 
 good Christian, to guide thee in the way that leads to the 
 City. So Christian went on his way. 
 
 lN"ow I saw in my Dream, that the highway up which 
 Christian was to go was fenced on either side with a 
 Wall, and that Wall is called Salvation. Up this way 
 therefore did burdened Christian run, but not without 
 great difficulty, because of the load on his back. 
 
 He ran thus till he came at a place somewhat ascend- 
 ing, and upon that place stood a Cross, and a little below 
 in the bottom, a Sepulchre. So I saw in my Dream, that, 
 just as Christian came up with the Cross, his 
 
 Christian's 
 
 Burden loosed from off his shoulders, and fell burden fails 
 from off his back, and began to tumble, and so 
 continued to do, till it came to the mouth of the Sepulchre, 
 where it fell in, and I saw it no more. 
 
 Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said with 
 a merry heart, " He hath given me rest by his sorrow, and 
 life by his death." Then he stood still awhile to look and 
 wonder ; for it was very surprising to him, that the sight 
 of the Cross should thus ease him of his Burden. He 
 looked therefore, and looked again, even till the springs 
 that were in his head sent the waters down his cheeks. 
 
 ' a stick with a pointed end for driving cattle. 
 
24_ THE pilgeim's progkess. 
 
 ]N'ow as he stood looking and weeping, behold three Shin- • 
 ing Ones came to him and saluted him with " Peace be to 
 thee ; " so the first said to him, " Thy sins be forgiven : " 
 the second stripped him of his Rags, and clothed him with 
 change of Raiment ; the third also set a mark in his fore- 
 head, and gave him a RolU with a Seal upon it, which he 
 bid him look on as he ran, and that he should give it in at 
 the Celestial Gate. So they went their way. Then Chris- 
 tian gave three leaps for joy, and went out singing, 
 
 Thus far did I come laden with my sin ; 
 Nor could ought ease the grief that I was in 
 Till I came hither : What a place is this ! 
 Must here be the beginning of my bliss ? 
 Must here the Burden fall from off my back ? 
 Must here the strings that bound it to me crack ? 
 Blessed Cross ! 'blessed Sepulchre ! blessed rather be 
 The Man that there was put to shame for me. 
 
 I saw then in my Dream that he went on thus, even 
 until he came at a bottom,^ where he saw, a little out 
 Simple ^^ ^^^® "^^^y? three men fast asleep, with fetters 
 
 Presump-^ upou their heels. The name of the one was Sim- 
 tion. p|g^ another Sloth, and the third Presumption. 
 
 Christian then seeing them lie in this case,^ went to 
 them, if peradventure^ he might awake them, and cried, 
 You are like them that sleep on the top of a Mast, for the 
 Dead Sea is under you, a Gulf that hath no bottom. 
 Awake therefore and come away ; be willing also, and 
 I will help you off with your Irons. He also told them, 
 If he that goetli about like a roaring Lion comes by, you 
 will certainly become a prey to his teeth. With that they 
 looked upon him, and began to reply in this sort : Simple 
 
 1 This roll appears to represent Christian's 2 a, bottom is a hollow, or, more correctly, 
 
 credentials ratified by the great seal of his the low-lying valley of a river, 
 
 king. He is to present them at the gate of ^ condition, 
 
 the Celestial City, ^ by chance, perhaps. 
 
FORMALIST AND HYPOCRISY. 25 
 
 said, "I see no danger " ; Sloth said, " Yet a little more 
 sleep"; and Presumption said, "Every Yat^ must stand 
 upon his own bottom." And so they lay down to sleep 
 again, and Christian went on his way. 
 
 Yet Avas he troubled to think that men in that danger 
 should so little esteem ^ the kindness of him that so freely 
 offered to help them, both by awakening of them, coun- 
 selling of them, and proffering to help them off with their 
 Irons. And as he was troubled thereabout, he espied two 
 Men come tumbling over the Wall, on the left hand of the 
 narrow way ; and they made up apace to him. The name 
 of the one was Formalist, and the name of the other 
 Hypocrisy. So, as I said, they drew up unto him, who 
 thus entered with them into discourse. 
 
 Chr. Gentlemen, whence came you, and whither do 
 you go ? 
 
 Form, and Hyjp. We were born in the land of Yain- 
 glory, and are going for praise to Mount Zion. 
 
 Ckr. Why came you not in at the Gate which standeth at 
 the beginning of the Way ? Know you not that it is written, 
 that " He that cometh not in by the Door, but climbeth up 
 some other way, the same is a Thief and a Robber ? " 
 
 Form, and H%jp. They said, That to go to the Gate for 
 entrance was by all their countrymen counted too far 
 about ; and that therefore their usual way was to make a 
 short cut of it, and to climb over the wall, as they had done. 
 
 CJir. But will it not be counted a Trespass Ti-,g ^hat 
 against the Lord of the City whither we are J.^^'^^'Ji^^'not 
 bound, thus to violate his revealed will ? ti?inkM!ar' 
 
 Form, and Hyp. They told him. That as forthat, SeSSig'L 
 he needed not to trouble his head there about ; onheS^own 
 for what they did they had custom for ; We see 
 
 1 tub. 2 cousider. 
 
26 
 
 not wherein thou clifferest from us but by the Coat that is 
 on tliy back, which was, as we trow,^ given thee by some 
 of thy Neighbors, to liide the shame of thy nal^edness. 
 
 Chr. As for this Coat that is on my bacl^:, it was given 
 
 me by the Lord of tlie place whither I go ; and that, as 
 
 you say, to cover my nakedness with. And I 
 
 got his Lord's take it as a token of his kindness to me, for I 
 
 back, and is had notliiuff but rao^s before. And besides, thus 
 
 comforted ° _°^ ^ ^ ...^' 
 
 therewith; i comtort myseli as 1 0:0 : Surely, think 1, when 
 
 he is com- '^ ^ ^ 
 
 forted also \ comc to the ffato of the City, the Lord thereof 
 
 with his ^ "^ ' 
 
 Mark and his will kuow me f or o'ood, since I have his coat on 
 
 Roll. ^ ' 
 
 my back ; a Coat that he gave me freely in the 
 day that he stripped me of my rags. I have moreover a 
 Mark in my forehead, of which perhaps you have taken 
 no notice, which one of my Lord's most intimate associates 
 fixed there in the day that my Burden fell off my shoulders. 
 I will tell you, moreover, that I had then given me a Roll 
 sealed, to comfort me by reading as I go in the way ; I 
 was also bid to give it in at the Celestial Gate, in token of 
 my certain going in after it ; all which things I doubt you 
 want,^ and want them because you came not in at the Gate. 
 To these things they gave him no answer ; only they 
 looked upon each other and laughed. Then I saw that 
 they went on all, save that Christian kept before, who 
 had no more talk but with himself, and that sometimes 
 sighingly, and sometimes comfortably ; ^ also he would be 
 often reading in the Roll that one of the Shining Ones 
 gave him, by which he was refreshed. 
 
 I beheld then, that they all went on till they came to 
 
 the foot of an Hill, at the bottom of which was 
 the Hill a Spring. There was also in the same place two 
 
 other ways besides that which came straight 
 
 1 believe. 2 ghould have, and have not. ^ cheerfully. 
 
THE HILL DIFFICULTY. 27 
 
 from the Gate ; one turned to the left hand, and the other 
 to the right, at the bottom of the Hill ; but the narrow 
 way lay right up the Hill, and the name of the going up 
 the side of the Hill, is called Difficulty. Christian now 
 went to the Spring, and drank thereof to refresh himself, 
 and then began to go up the Hill. 
 
 The other two also came to the foot of the Hill ; but 
 when they saw that the Hill was steep and high, and that 
 there was two other ways to go, and supposing also that 
 these two ways might meet again with that up which 
 Christian went, on the other side of the Hill, therefore they 
 were resolved to go in those ways. J^ow the name of one 
 of those ways was Danger, and the name of the r^j^g danger 
 other was Destruction. So the one took the way out "fthl 
 which is called Danger, which led him into a ^^^• 
 great Wood ; and the other took directly up the way to 
 Destruction, which led him into a wide field, full of dark 
 Mountains,^ where he stumbled and fell, and rose no 
 more. 
 
 I looked then after Christian to see him go up the Hill, 
 where I perceived he fell from running to going,^ and from 
 going to clambering upon his hands and his knees, because 
 of the steepness of the place. Now about the mid-way to 
 the top of the Hill was a pleasant Arbor, made by the 
 Lord of the Hill for the refreshing of weary travellers ; 
 thither therefore Christian got, where also he sat down to 
 rest him. Then he pulled his Eoll out of his bosom, and 
 read therein to his comfort ; he also now began afresh to 
 take a review of the Coat or Garment that was given him 
 as he stood by the Cross. Thus pleasing himself awhile, 
 
 1 Bunyan seems sometimes to use the word cannot be very high, for the pilgrims could 
 mmmtain even for small hills ; here, for in- see that certain men at the bottom were 
 stance, and on p. 73, Mount Caution, which blind. ^ walking. 
 
28 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 he at last fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, 
 
 which detained him in that place until it was almost 
 
 night; and in his sleep his Roll fell out of his hand. Now 
 
 as he was sleepino^, there came one to him and 
 
 He that 
 
 sleeps is a awakcd him, saying, "Go to the Ant, thou 
 
 sluggard ; consider her ways, and be wise." And 
 
 with that Christian suddenly started up, and sped him on 
 
 his way, and went apace till he came to the top of the Hill. 
 
 E"ow when he was got up to the top of the Hill, there 
 came two men running against him amain ; ^ the name of 
 the one was Timorous, and the name of the other, Mistrust ; 
 to whom Christian said. Sirs, what's the matter you run 
 the wrong way ? Timorous answered, That they were 
 going to the City of Zion, and had got up that difficult 
 place ; but, said he, the further we go, the more danger 
 we meet with ; wherefore we turned, and are going back 
 again. 
 
 Yes, said Mistrust, for just before us lie a couple of 
 Lions in the way, (whether sleeping or waking we know 
 not,) and we could not think, if we came within reach, but 
 they would presently pull us in pieces. 
 
 Chr. Then said Christian, You make me afraid, but 
 whither shall I fly to be safe ? If I go back to mine own 
 Country, that is prepared for Fire and Brimstone, and I 
 shall certainly perish there. If I can get to the Celestial 
 City, I am sure to be in safety there. I must venture : 
 to go back is nothing but death ; to go forward is fear of 
 death, and life everlasting beyond it. I will yet go for- 
 ward. So Mistrust and Timorous ran down the Hill, and 
 Christian went on his way. But thinking again of what 
 he heard from the men, he felt in his bosom for his Roll, 
 that he might read therein and be comforted ; but he felt, 
 
 1 with speed, hastily. 
 
THE LOST ROLL. 29 
 
 and found it not. Then was Christian in great distress, 
 and knew not what to do; for he wanted that which used 
 to reheve him, and that which shoukl have been his Pass 
 into the Celestial City. Here therefore he began to be 
 much perplexed, and knew not what to do. At last he 
 bethought himself that he had slept in the Arbor that is 
 on the side of the Hill ; and falling down upon his knees, 
 he asked God's forgiveness for that his foolish Fact,^ and 
 then went back to look for his Roll. But all the way he 
 went back, who can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of 
 Christian's heart? Sometimes he sighed, sometimes he 
 wept, and oftentimes he chid himself for being so foolish 
 to fall asleep in that place, which was erected only for a 
 little refreshment for his weariness. Thus therefore he 
 went back, carefully looking on this side and on that, all 
 the way as he went, if haply he might find his Roll, that 
 had been his comfort so many times in his Journey. He 
 went thus till he came again within sight of the Arbor 
 where he had sat and slept ; but that sight renewed his 
 sorrow the more, by bringing again, even afresh, his evil 
 of sleeping into his mind. 
 
 Now by this time he was come to the Arbor again, 
 where for a while he sat down and wept ; but at last, as 
 Christian would have it, looking sorrowfully down under 
 the Settle,^ there he espied his Roll ; the which he with 
 trembling and haste catch't up, and put it into his bosom. 
 But who can tell how joyful this man was when he had 
 gotten his Roll again ! for this Roll was the assurance of 
 his life and acceptance at the desired Haven. Therefore 
 he laid it up in his bosom, gave thanks to God for direct- 
 ing his eye to the place where it lay, and with joy and 
 tears betook himself again to his Journey. But oh how 
 
 1 deed. 2 a woodeu bench with arms and a high back. 
 
30 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 nimbly now did he go up the rest of the Hill ! Yet before 
 he got up, the Sun went down upon Christian ; and this 
 made him again recall the vanity ^ of liis sleeping to his 
 remembrance ; and thus he again began to condole with 
 himself. " Ah thou sinful sleep : how for thy sake am I 
 like to be benighted in my Journey ! I must walk with- 
 out the Sun, darkness must cover the path of my feet, and 
 I must hear the noise of doleful Creatures, because of my 
 sinful sleep." Now also he remembered the story that 
 Mistrust and Timorous told him of, how they were frighted 
 with the sight of the Lions. Then said Christian to him- 
 self again, These beasts range in the night for their prey ; 
 and if they should meet with me in the dark, how should 
 I shift ^ them ? How should I escape being by them torn 
 in pieces ? Thus he went on his way. But while he was 
 thus bewailing his unhappy miscarriage,^ he lifted up his 
 eyes, and behold there was a very stately Palace before 
 him, the name of which was Beautiful,^ and it stood just 
 by the High- way side. 
 
 So I saw in my Dream that he made haste and went 
 forward, that if possible he might get Lodging there. 
 Now before he had gone far, he entered into a very nar- 
 row passage, which was about a furlong off of the Porter's 
 lodge ; and looking very narrowly before him as he went, 
 he espied two Lions in the way. Now, thought he, I see 
 the dangers that Mistrust and Timorous were driven back 
 by. (The Lions were chained, but he saw not the chains.) 
 Then he was afraid, and thought also himself to go back 
 
 1 empty uselessness. adventures is the relation of experience by 
 
 2 give them tlie slip. the convert before admission to tlie Lord's 
 '^ misconduct. Supper, The Porter, Watchful, and the 
 * The Ilouse Beautiful stands for the Damsels, Discretion, Piety, Prudence, and 
 
 Church, into which Christian is received as Charity, indicate some of the necessary qual- 
 into a family. Christian's account of his ities of the body of Christians. 
 
THE PORTER WATCHFUL. 31 
 
 ifter them, for he thought nothing but death was before 
 lim : But the Porter at the lodge, whose name is Watch- 
 ful, perceiving that Christian made a halt as if he would 
 yo back, cried unto him, saying, Is thy strength so small? 
 Fear not the Lions, for they are chained, and are placed 
 :here for trial of faith where it is, and for discovery of 
 :hose that have none. Keep in the midst of the Path, and 
 lo hurt shall come unto thee. 
 
 Then I saw that he went on, trembling for fear of the 
 Lions, but taking good heed to the directions of the Porter ; 
 le heard them roar, but they did him no harm. Then he 
 flapped his hands, and went on till he came and stood be- 
 fore the Gate where the Porter was. Then said Christian 
 ;o the Porter, Sir, what House is this ? and may I lodge 
 lere to-night? The Porter answered, This House was 
 3uilt by the Lord of the Hill, and he built it for the relief 
 md security of Pilgrims. The Porter also asked whence 
 le was, and whither he Avas going ? 
 
 Chr. I am come from the City of Destruction, and am 
 ^oing to Mount Zion ; but because the Sun is now set, I 
 lesire, if I may, to lodge here to-night. 
 
 Par. What is your name ? 
 
 Chr. My name is now Christian. 
 
 Por. But how doth it happen that you come so late ? 
 rhe Sun is set. 
 
 Chr. I had been here sooner, but that, wretched man 
 :hat I am ! I slept in the Arbor that stands on the Hill- 
 jide ; nay, I had notwithstanding that been here much 
 jooner, but that in my sleep I lost my Evidence, and came 
 ivithout it to the brow of the Hill ; and then feeling for it, 
 md finding it not, I was forced with sorrow of heart to go 
 Dack to the place where I slept my sleep, where I found 
 it, and noAv I am come. 
 
32 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 Pot. Well, I will call out one of the Yirgins of this 
 place, who will, if she likes your talk, bring 3^ou in to the 
 rest of the Family, according to the rules of the house. So 
 Watchful the Porter rang a bell, at the sound of which 
 came out at the door of the house, a grave and beautiful 
 Damsel named Discretion, and asked why she was called. 
 
 The Porter answered. This man is in a Journey from 
 the City of Destruction to Mount Zion, but being weary 
 and benighted, he asked me if he might lodge here 
 to-night ; so I told him I would call for thee, who, after 
 discourse had with him, mayest do as seemeth thee good, 
 even according to the Law of the House. 
 
 Then she asked him whence he was, and whither he was 
 going ; and he told her. She asked him also, how he got 
 into the way ; and he told her. Then she asked him, what 
 he had seen and met with in the way; and he told her. 
 And last she asked his name ; so he said. It is Christian ; 
 and I have so much the more a desire to lodge here to- 
 night, because, by what I perceive, this place was built by 
 the Lord of the Hill, for the relief and security of Pil- 
 grims. So she smiled, but the water stood in her eyes ; 
 and after a little pause, she said, I will call forth two or 
 three more of the family. So she ran to the door, and 
 called out Prudence, Piety, and Charity, who after a little 
 more discourse with him, had him in to the Family ; and 
 many of them, meeting him at the threshold of the house, 
 said, Come in, thou blessed of the Lord ; this house was 
 built by the Lord of the Hill, on purpose to entertain such 
 Pilgrims in. Then he bowed his head, and followed them 
 into the house. So when he was come in and set down, 
 they gave him something to drink, and consented^ to- 
 gether, that until supper was ready, some of them should 
 
PIETY AND PRUDENCE. 33 
 
 have some particular discourse with Christian, for the best 
 improvement of time ; and the}^ appointed Piety and Pru- 
 dence and Charity to discourse witli him ; and thus they 
 began : 
 
 Piety. Come, good Christian, since we have been so 
 loving to you, to receive you into our house this night, let 
 us, if perhaps we may better ourselves thereby, talk with 
 you of all things that have happened to you in your Pil- 
 grimage. What saw you in the way ? 
 
 Ch7\ I saw one, as I thought in my mind, hang bleed- 
 ing upon the Tree ; and the very sight of him made my 
 Burden fall off my back (for I groaned under a weary 
 Burden), but then it fell down from off me. 'Twas a 
 strange thing to me, for I never saw such a thing before ; 
 yea, and while I stood looking up (for then I could not 
 forbear looking) three Shining Ones came to me. One of 
 them testified that my sins were forgiven me ; another 
 stripped me of my Pags, and gave me this broidred^ Coat 
 which you see ; and the third set the Mark which you see, 
 in my forehead, and gave me this sealed Poll : and with 
 that he plucked it out of his bosom. 
 
 Then Prudence thought good to ask him a few ques- 
 tions, and desired his answer to them. 
 
 Pined. Do you not think sometimes of the Country 
 from whence you came ? 
 
 Chr. Yes, but with much shame and detestation : Truly 
 if I had been mindful of that Country from Qhristian's 
 whence I came out, I might have had oppor- }|Js'Jfadve^ 
 tunity to have returned ; but now I desire a bet- ^^o^^'^t^y- 
 ter Countr\^, that is, an Heavenly. . 
 
 Prucl. And what is it that makes you so desirous to go 
 to Mount Zion ? 
 
 1 embroidered. 
 
 3 
 
34 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 Chr. Why, there I hope to see him alive that did hang 
 dead on the Cross ; and there I hope to be rid of all those 
 Why Chris- ^hings that to this day are in me an annoyance to 
 li^'irMonnt ^^5 there, they say, there is no death; and 
 zion. there I shall dwell with such Company as I like 
 
 best. For to tell you truth, I love him, because I was by 
 him eased of my Burden, and I am weary of my inward 
 sickness ; I would fain be where I shall die no more, and 
 with the Company that shall continually cry, Holy, Holy, 
 Holy. 
 
 Then said Charity to Christian, Have you a family? 
 Are you a married man ? 
 ^^ ., Chr. I have a Wife and four small Children 
 
 Chanty 
 
 wf&him^ 67^(2?^ And why did you not bring them along 
 
 with you % 
 Chr. Then Christian wept, and said, Oh how willingly 
 Christian's would I havc douc it, but they were all of 
 wife^and them utterly averse to my going on Pilgrimage. 
 Children. Qj^^^^^ g^^ ^^^ should havo talked to them, 
 
 and have endeavored to have shown them the danger of 
 staying behind. 
 
 Chr. So I did, and told them also what God had showed 
 to me of the destruction of our City ; but I seemed to 
 them as one that mocked, and they believed me not. 
 
 Char. And did you pray to God that he would bless 
 your counsel to them ? 
 
 Chr. Yes, and that with much affection ; for you must 
 think that my Wife and poor Children were very dear 
 unto me. 
 
 Char. But did you tell them of your own sorrow, and 
 fear of destruction ? For I suppose that destruction was 
 visible enough to you. 
 
 Chr. Yes, over, and over, and over. They might also 
 
DISCOUKSE WITH CHARITY. 35 
 
 see my fears in my countenance, in my tears, and also in 
 my trembling under the apprehension of the Judgment 
 that did hang over our heads ; but all was not sufficient to 
 prevail with them to come with me. 
 
 Char. But what could they say for themselves, why 
 they came not ? 
 
 Chr. Wh}^, my Wife was afraid of losing this World, 
 and my Children were given to the foolish De- T^^e cause 
 lights of youth : so what by one thing, and ^^fe^and 
 what by another,^ they left me to wander in notgo^v?i?h*^ 
 this manner alone. ^"™- 
 
 Cha7\ But did you not with your vain life, damp all 
 that you by words used by way of persuasion to bring 
 them away with you ? 
 
 Chr. Indeed I cannot commend my life ; for I am con- 
 scious to myself of many failings therein : I know also, 
 that a man by his conversation^ may soon overthrow, what 
 by argument or persuasion he doth labor to fasten upon 
 others for their good. 
 
 E'ow I saw in my Dream, that thus they sat talking 
 together until supper was ready. So when they had made 
 read}^, they sat down to meat. ]^ow the Table 
 was furnished with fat things, and with Wine tianhadto 
 that was well refined : and all their talk at the 
 Table was about the Lord of the Hill ; as namely, about 
 what He had done, and wherefore He did what Tj^eir talk at 
 He did, and why He had builded tliat House : ^ppe^-time. 
 and by what they said, I perceived that he had been a 
 great Warrior, and had fought with and slain him that 
 had the power of Death, but not without great danger to 
 himself, which made me love him the more. 
 
 For, as they said, and as I believe (said Christian) he 
 
 ^ The modern idiom is, ' ' wliat with one thing and another." 2 general behavior. 
 
36 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 did it with the loss of much blood ; but that which put 
 Glory of Grace into all he did, Avas, that he did it out of 
 pure love to his Country. And besides, there were some 
 of the Household that said they had seen and spoken with 
 him since he did die on the Cross ; and they have attested 
 that they had it from his own lips, that he is such a lover 
 of poor Pilgrims, that the like is not to be found from the 
 East to the West. 
 
 They moreover gave an instance of what they affirmed, 
 and that was. He had stripped himself of his glory, that 
 he might do this for the Poor ; and that they heard him 
 say and affirm, That he would not dwell in the Mountain 
 of Zion alone. They said moreover, that he had made 
 many Pilgrims Princes, though by nature they were Beg- 
 gars born, and their original ^ had been the Dunghill. 
 
 Thus they discoursed together till late at night ; and 
 after they had committed themselves to their Lord for 
 protection, they betook themselves to rest. The Pilgrim 
 they laid in a large upper chamber, whose win- 
 Bed-cham-^ dow opcucd towards the Sun-rising ; the name 
 of the chamber was Peace, where he slept till 
 break of day ; and then he awoke and sang. 
 
 Where am I now ? Is this the loA^e and care 
 Of Jesus for the men that Pilgrims are 
 Thus to provide ! That I should be forgiven ! 
 And dwell already the next door to Heaven ! 
 
 So in the morning they all got up, and after some more 
 discourse, they told him that he should not depart till 
 they had showed him the Parities of that place. 
 
 They read to him some of the worthy Acts that some of 
 the Lord's Servants had done : as, how they had subdued 
 
 I their origin ; the place whence they had come. 
 
THE ARMORY. 37 
 
 Kingdoms, wrought Eighteousness, obtained Promises, 
 stopped the mouths of Lions, quenched the violence of 
 Fire, escaped the edge of the Sword, out of weakness 
 were made strong, waxed vahant in fight, and turned to 
 flight the Armies of the Ahens. 
 
 The next day they took him and had him into the 
 Armory, where they showed him all manner of 
 Furniture,^ which their Lord had provided for had into the 
 Pilgrims, as Sword, Shield, Helmet, Breastplate, 
 All-prayer, and Shoes that would not wear out. And 
 there was here enough of this to harness ^ out as many men 
 for the service of their Lord as there be Stars in the 
 Heaven for multitude. 
 
 They also showed him some of the Engines^ with which 
 some of his Servants had done wonderful things, d^ristian is 
 They showed him Moses' Eod ; the Hammer and J^jJcient ^^^ 
 I^ail with which Jael slew Sisera ; the Pitchers, *^"^g^- 
 Trumpets and Lamps too, with which Gideon put to 
 flight the Armies of JVIidian. Then they showed him the 
 Ox's goad wherewith Shamger slew six hundred men. 
 They showed him also the Jaw-bone with which Samson 
 did such mighty feats. They showed him moreover the 
 Sling and Stone with which David slew Goliath of Gath; 
 and the Sword also Avith which their Lord will kill the 
 Man of Sin, in the day that he shall rise up to the prey. 
 They showed him besides many excellent things, with 
 
 1 We usually thinlv of laousehold furniture, tion of peace." The text continues, " with 
 
 but the word means anything used for fitting all prayer and supplication praying at all 
 
 out, equipment. seasons in the Spirit.'" Here, therefore, and 
 
 a The word was commonly used for armor, later Cp. 45) Bunyau speaks of " All-prayer " 
 
 The " whole armor of God," mentioned in as a weapon. 
 
 Ephesians, vi. 13-18, consisted of the "sword ^ any kind of mechanical implement. If 
 
 of the spirit," the "shield of faith," the the pupil does not remember the "engines," 
 
 "helmet of salvation," the " breastplate of he should consult Exodus, vii. 9 ; Judges, 
 
 righteousness," and shoes of " the prepara- iv. 21, vii.20, iii. 31, xv. 15; 1 Samuel, xvii. 48. 
 
38 THE pilgrim's progeess. 
 
 which Christian was much delighted. This done, they 
 went to their rest again. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream, that on the morrqw he got 
 up to go forwards, but they desired him to stay till the 
 next day also ; and then, said they, we will (if the day be 
 Christian G\esi>v) show you the Delectable Mountains, 
 Sdertabil^ which, they said, would yet further add to his 
 Mountains, comfort, bccausc they were nearer the desired 
 Haven than the place where at present he was. So he con- 
 sented and staid. 
 
 When the morning was up, they had him to the top of the 
 House, and bid him look South ; so he did : and behold at a 
 great distance he saw a most pleasant Mountainous Coun- 
 try, beautified with Woods, Vineyards, Fruits of all sorts, 
 Flowers also. Springs and Fountains, very delectable to 
 behold. Then he asked the name of the Country. They 
 said it was Immanuel's Land ; and it is as common,^ said 
 they, as this Hill is, to and for all the Pilgrims. And 
 when thou comest there, from thence, said they, thou 
 may'st see to the gate of the Celestial City, as the Shep- 
 herds that live there will make appear. 
 
 Now he bethought himself of setting forward, and they 
 Christian wcrc willing he should : but first, said they, let 
 sets forward, ^g g^ again iuto the Armory. So they did ; and 
 when they came there, they harnessed him from head to 
 foot with what was of proof,^ lest perhaps he should meet 
 with assaults in the way. He being therefore thus accou- 
 tred,^ walketh out Avith his friends to the Gate, and there 
 he asked the Porter if he saw any Pilgrims pass by. Then 
 the Porter answered. Yes. 
 
 Chr. Pray, did you know him ? 
 
 1 open to all. been tried and tested, and proved to be 
 
 '"Armor of proof" is armor that has good. ^ eq^^ppecl in military 
 
APOLLYON. 39 
 
 Pot. I asked his name, and he told me it was Faithful. 
 
 Ch\ O, said Christian, I know him ; he is my Towns- 
 man, my near I^eighbor, he comes from the place where I 
 was born. How far do you think he may be before? 
 
 Por. He has got by this time below the Hill. 
 
 Ch\ "Well, said Christian, good Porter, the Lord be with 
 thee, and add to all thy blessings much increase, for the 
 kindness that thou hast showed to me. 
 
 Then he began to go forward ; but Discretion, Piety, 
 Charity, and Prudence, w^ould accompany him down to 
 the foot of the Hill. So they went on together, reiterat- 
 ing ^ their former discourses, till they came to go down the 
 Hill. Then said Christian, As it was difficult coming up, 
 so (so far as I can see) it is dangerous going down. Yes, 
 said Prudence^ so it is, for it is an hard matter for a man 
 to go down into the Yalley of Humiliation, as thou art 
 now, and to catch no slip by the way ; therefore, said they, 
 are we come out to accompany thee down the Hill. So 
 he began to go down, but very wearily ; yet he caught a 
 slip or two. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream that these good Companions, 
 w^hen Christian was gone down to the bottom of the Hill, 
 gave him a loaf of Bread, a bottle of Wine, and a cluster 
 of Raisins ; and then he went on his way. 
 
 But now, in this Yalley of Humiliation, poor Christian 
 was hard put up to it ; for he had gone but a little way, 
 before he espied a foul Fiend coming over the field to meet 
 him ; his name is Apollyon. Then did Christian begin to 
 be afraid, and to cast in his mind ^ whether to go back or 
 to stand his o^round. But he considered ao^ain that he had 
 no Armor for his back, and therefore thought that to turn 
 the back to him might give him greater advantage with 
 
 1 going over again. 2 consider. 
 
40 
 
 ease to pierce him with his Darts. Therefore he resolved 
 Christian's ^^ Venture and stand his ground. For, thought 
 thrapproach ^®? ^^^ ^ ^^^ uioro in mine eye than the saving of 
 of Apoiiyon. ^y ^^^^ 't wouM be the best way to stand. 
 
 So he went on, and Apoiiyon met him. Now the Mon- 
 ster was hideous to behold ; he was clothed with scales 
 like a Fish (and they are his pride) ; ^ he had wings like a 
 Dragon, and out of his belly came Fire and Smoke and his 
 mouth was as the mouth of a Lion. When he was come 
 up to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful counte- 
 nance, and thus began to question with him. 
 
 Apol. Whence come you ? and whither are you bound ? 
 
 Chr. I come from the City of Destruction, which is the 
 place of all evil, and am going to the City of Zion. 
 
 ApoL By this I perceive thou art one of my Subjects, 
 for all that Country is mine, and I am the Prince 
 
 Discourse -i /-^ t n • tt • • i ^ 
 
 betwixt and God oi it. How is it then that thou hast 
 
 Christian . 
 
 andApoi- run away from thy King? Were it not that I 
 hope thou may'st do me more service, I would 
 strike thee now at one blow to the ground. 
 
 Ohr. But I have let^ myself to another, even to the 
 King of Princes, and how can I with fairness go back with 
 thee? I have given him ray faith, and sworn my Alle- 
 giance to him ; how then can I go back from this, and not 
 be hanged as a Traitor ? 
 
 Apol. Thou hast already been unfaithful in thy service 
 to him, and how dost thou think to receive wages of him ? 
 
 Ohr. Wherein, O Apoiiyon, have I been unfaithful to 
 him? 
 
 Apol. Thou didst faint at first setting out, when thou 
 wast almost choked in the Gulf of Despond ; thou diddest 
 
 ^ Bunyan is thinking of the description of ^ hired ; the word is used now only for 
 Leviathan in Job, xli. 15 ; of. also 19, 20. things. 
 
BATTLE WITH APOLLYON. 41 
 
 attempt wrong ways^ to be rid of thy Burden, whereas 
 thou shouldest have stayed till thy Prince had taken it off ; 
 thou didst sinfully sleep and lose thy choice thing ; thou 
 wast also almost persuaded to go back, at the sight of the 
 Lions ; and when thou talkest of thy Journey, and of 
 what thou hast heard and seen, thou art inwardly desirous 
 of vainglory in all that thou say est or doest. 
 
 Chr. All this is true, and much more which thou hast 
 left out ; but the Prince whom I serve and honor is merci- 
 ful, and ready to forgive. 
 
 Ajjol. Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage, 
 saying, I am an enemy to this Prince; I hate Apollyon in 
 his Person, Laws, and People; I am come out upof ^"""^ 
 on purpose to withstand thee. christian. 
 
 Chr. Apollyon, beware what you do, for I am in the 
 King's Highway, the way of Holiness, therefore take heed 
 to yourself. 
 
 A^ol. Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole 
 breadth of the way, and said, I am void of fear in this 
 matter, prepare thyself to die ; for I swear thou shalt go 
 no further ; here will I spill thy soul. And with that he 
 threw a flaming Dart at his breast, but Christian had a 
 Shield in his hand, with which he caught it, and so pre- 
 vented the danger of that. 
 
 Then did Christian draw,^ for he saw 'twas time to 
 bestir him : and Apollyon as fast made at him, throwing 
 Darts as thick as Hail ; by the which, notwithstanding all 
 that Christian could do to avoid it, Apollyon wounded 
 him in his head, his hand, and foot. This made Christian 
 give a little back ; Apollyon therefore followed his work 
 amain, and Christian again took courage, and resisted as 
 manfully as he could. This sore combat lasted for above 
 
 1 wrongly. "^ liis sword. 
 
42 THE PILGEIM'S PROGRESS. 
 
 half a day, even till Christian was almost quite ^ spent. 
 For you must know that Christian, by reason of his 
 wounds, must needs grow weaker and weaker. 
 
 Then Apollyon espying his opportunity, began to gather 
 
 up close to Christian, and wrestling with him, gave him a 
 
 dreadful fall; and with that Christian's Sword 
 
 casteth flew out of his hand. Then said Apollyon, I 
 
 down to the pi i • i i i i -i 
 
 ground the am sure 01 thee now: and with that he had 
 
 Christian. in- t i i /--nt • • 
 
 almost pressed him to death, so that Christian 
 began to despair of life. But as God would have it, while 
 Apollyon was fetching of his last blow, thereby to make 
 a full end of this good Man, Christian nimbly reached out 
 his hand for his Sword, and caught it, saying, " Eejoice 
 not against me, O mine Enemy ! when I fall I shall 
 arise ; " and with that gave him a deadly thrust, which 
 made him give back, as one that had received his mortal 
 
 wound : Christian perceiving that, made at him 
 victory^ovlr again, saying, " ^ay, in all these things we are 
 po yo^- xnore than Conquerors." And with that Apol- 
 lyon spread forth his Dragon's wings, and sped him away, 
 that Christian for a season saw him no more. 
 
 In this Combat no man can imagine, unless he had seen 
 and heard as I did, what j^elling and hideous roaring 
 Apollyon made all the time of the fight; he spake like 
 a Dragon : and on the other side, what sighs and groans 
 brast^ from Christian's heart. I never saw him all the 
 while give so much as one pleasant look, till he perceived 
 he had wounded Apollyon with his two-edged Sword ; 
 then indeed he did smile, and look upward ; but 'twas the 
 dreadf ullest ^ sight that ever I saw. 
 
 1 entirely. lar used to be harst., and often hmst, as 
 
 2 burst. The plural of the preterite has here. 
 
 in English always had the ?<, but the singu- ^ gucli superlatives were formerly common. 
 
EEFRESHMENT AFTER BATTLE. 43 
 
 So when the Battle was over, Christian said, I will 
 here give thanks to him that hath delivered ^^h^igti^n 
 me out of the mouth of the Lion, to him that did S^.s^f^'o'^r 
 help me against Apollyon. deliverance. 
 
 Then there came to him an hand, with some of the 
 leaves of the Tree of Life, the which Christian took, and 
 applied to the wounds that he had received in the Battle, 
 and was healed immediately. He also sat down in that 
 place to eat Bread, and to drink of the Bottle that was 
 given him a little before ; so being refreshed, he addressed 
 himself to his Journey, with his Sword drawn 
 in his hand ; for he said, I know not but some goes on his 
 other Enemy may be at hand. But he met with with his 
 no other affront from Apollyon quite throu^-h drawn in 
 
 his hand. 
 
 this V alley. 
 
 Kow at the end of this Yalley was another, called the 
 Yalley of the Shadow of Death, and Christian must needs 
 go through it, because the way to the Celestial City lay 
 through the midst of it. Now, this Yalley is a very soli- 
 tary place. The Prophet Jeremiah thus describes it : ''A 
 Wilderness, a land of Deserts and of Pits, a land of 
 drought, and of the Shadow of Death, a land that no man 
 (but a Christian) passed through, and where no man 
 dwelt." 
 
 ]^ow here Christian was worse put to it than in his fight 
 with Apollyon, as by the sequel^ you shall see. 
 
 I saw then in my Dream, that when Christian was got 
 to the borders of the Shadow of Death, there met him two 
 men, Children of them that brought up an evil report 
 of the good Land, making haste to go back ; to whom 
 Christian spake as follows. 
 
 Ch7\ Whither are you going ? 
 
 ' that which follows. 
 
44 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 Me7i. They said, Back, back; and we wouki have you 
 to do so too, if either Hfe or ^^eace is prized by you. 
 
 Chr. Why, what's the matter? said Christian. 
 
 Men. Matter ! said the}^ ; we are going that way as you 
 are going, and went as far as we durst ; and indeed we were 
 ahuost past coming back; for had we gone a httle further, 
 we had not been here to bring the news to thee. 
 
 Chr. But what have you met with ? said Cliristian. 
 
 Men. "Why we were ahnost in the Yalley of the Shadow 
 of Death ; but that by good hap we looked before us, and 
 saw the danger before we came to it. 
 
 CJir. But what have you seen ? said Christian. 
 
 Men. Seen ! Why, the Yalley itself, which is as dark as 
 pitch ; we also saw there the Hobgoblins,^ Satyrs,^ and 
 Dragons of the Pit ; we heard also in that Yalley a con- 
 tinual howling and yelling, as of a people under unutter- 
 able misery, who there sat bound in affliction and irons ; 
 and over that Yalley hangs the discouraging clouds of 
 Confusion ; Death also doth always spread his wings over 
 it. In a word, it is every whit dreadful, being utterly 
 without Order. 
 
 Chr. Then said Christian, I perceive not yet, by what 
 you have said, but that this is my way to the desired Haven. 
 
 Men. Be it thy way ; we will not choose it for ours. 
 
 So they parted, and Christian went on his way, but still 
 with his Sword drawn in his hand, for fear lest he should 
 be assaulted. 
 
 I saw then in my Dream, so far as tliis Yalley reached, 
 there was on the right hand a very deep Ditch ; that Ditch 
 
 » Hob is an old English word for sprite or knew little or nothing of Latin, was think- 
 
 elf. "Hobgoblin " came to be a term for any ing of Isaiah, xiii. 21: "and their houses shall 
 
 alarming apparition. be full of doleful creatures ; and owls shall 
 
 ' A satyr was a wood creature of the old dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there" ; 
 
 Roman mythology. Bunyan, however, who or perhaps of a similar passage, sxsiv. 14. 
 
THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 45 
 
 is it into which the blind have led the blind in all ages, 
 and have both there miserably perished. Again, behold 
 on the left hand there was a very dangerous Quag,^ into 
 which, if even a good Man falls, he can find no bottom for 
 his foot to stand on. Into that Quag King David once 
 did fall, and had no doubt therein been smothered, had not 
 he that is able plucked him out. 
 
 The path-way was here also exceeding narrow, and there- 
 fore good Christian was the more put to it ; for when he 
 sought in the dark to shun the ditch on the one hand, 
 he was ready to tip over into the mire on the other ; also 
 when he sought to escape the mire, without great careful- 
 ness he would be ready to fall into the ditch. Thus he 
 went on, and I heard him here sigh bitterly ; for, besides 
 the dangers mentioned above, the path- way was here so 
 dark, that ofttimes, when he lifted up his foot to set for- 
 ward, he knew not where, or upon what he should set it 
 next. 
 
 About the midst of this Yalley, I perceived the mouth 
 of Hell to be, and it stood also hard by the wayside. 'Now 
 thought Christian, what shall I do ? And ever and anon 
 the flame and smoke would come out in such abundance, 
 with sparks and hideous noises (things that cared not for 
 Christian's Sword, as did Apollyon before), that he was 
 forced to put up his Sword, and betake himself to another 
 weapon, called All-prayer.^ So he cried in my hearing, 
 "O Lord, I beseech thee deliver my Soul." Thus he 
 went on a great while, yet still the flames would be reach- 
 ing' towards him : Also he heard doleful voices, and rush- 
 ings to and fro, so that sometimes he thought he should be 
 torn in pieces, or trodden down like mire in the Streets. 
 
 1 quagmire ; a marshy elough. given Christian at the House Beautiful 
 
 2 This weapon is mentioned among those (p. 37). 
 
46 THE pilgeim's progress. 
 
 This frightful sight was seen, and these dreadful noises 
 were heard by him for several miles together ; and coming 
 to a place where he thought he heard a company of 
 Fiends coming forward to meet him, he stopped, and 
 Christian began to muse what he had best to do. Some- 
 ?taVd but times he had half a thought to go back ; then 
 for a while, a^gg^ij^ he tliouglit he might be half way through 
 the Yalley ; he remembered also how he had already van- 
 quished many a danger, and that the danger of going 
 back might be much more than for to go forward ; so he 
 resolved to go on. Yet the Fiends seemed to come nearer 
 and nearer ; but when they were come even almost at 
 him, he cried out with a most vehement voice, " I will 
 walk in the strength of the Lord God;" so they gave 
 back, and came no further. 
 
 When Christian had travelled in this disconsolate condi- 
 tion some considerable time, he thought he heard the voice 
 of a man, as going before him, saying, Though I walk 
 through the Yalley of the Shadow of Death, I will fear 
 none ill, for Thou art with me. 
 
 Then was he glad, and that for these reasons : 
 
 First, Because he gathered from thence, that some who 
 feared God were in this Yalley as well as himself. 
 
 Secondly, For that he perceived God was with them, 
 though in that dark and dismal state ; and why not, 
 thought he, with me? though by reason of the impediment 
 that attends this place, I cannot perceive it. 
 
 Thirdly, For that he hoped, could he overtake them, to 
 have company by and by. So he went on, and called to 
 him that was before ; but he knew not what to answer, 
 for that he also thought himself to be alone. And by and 
 by the day broke ; then said Christian, " He hath turned 
 the Shadow of Death into the morning." 
 
NEW DANGERS. 47 
 
 'Now morning being come, he looked back, not out of de- 
 sire to return, but to see, by the light of the day, christian 
 what hazard she had gone througli in the dark. S/day. 
 So he saw more perfectly the Ditch that v,^as on the one 
 hand, and the Quag that was on the other ; also how nar- 
 row the way was which led betwixt them both ; also now 
 he saw the Hobgoblins, and Satyrs, and Dragons of the 
 Pit, but all afar off ; for after break of day, they came not 
 nigh ; yet they were discovered to him, according to that 
 which is written, ** He discovereth deep things out of dark- 
 ness, and bringeth out to light the Shadow of Death." 
 
 Kow was Christian much affected with his deliverance 
 from all the dangers of his solitary way ; which dangers, 
 though he feared them more before, yet he saw them more 
 clearly now, because the light of the day made them con- 
 spicuous to him. And about this time the Sun was rising, 
 and this Avas another mercy to Christian ; for you must 
 note, that though the first part of the Yalley of the Shadow 
 of Death was dangerous, yet this second part which he 
 was yet to go was, if possible, far more dangerous : for 
 from the place where he now stood, even to the end of the 
 Yalle}^, the way was all along set so full of Snares, Traps, 
 Gins,^ and I^ets here, and so full of Pits, Pitfalls, deep 
 Holes, and Shelvings down there, that had it now been 
 dark, as it was when he came the first part of the way, 
 had he had a thousand souls, they had in reason been 
 cast away ; but as I said, just now the Sun was rising. 
 Then said he, " His candle shineth on my head, and by his 
 liglit I go through darkness." In this light, therefore, he 
 came to the end of the Yalley. 
 
 Now as Christian went on his way, he came to a little 
 
 1 This word is short for engine or con- means a trap or a snare. The original mean. 
 trivance. It is not much used now, but ing seems to be that of deceit. 
 
48 THE pilgrim's progeess. 
 
 ascent, which was cast up on purpose that Pilgrims might 
 see before them. Up there therefore Christian went, and 
 looking forward, he saw Faithful before him, upon his 
 Journey. Then said Christian aloud, Ho, ho, So-ho ; stay, 
 and I will be your Companion. At that Faithful looked 
 behind him ; to whom Christian cried again. Stay, stay, 
 till I come up to you. But Faithful answered, E'o, I am 
 upon my life, and the Avenger of Blood ^ is behind me. 
 
 At this Christian was somewhat moved, and putting to 
 all his strength, he quickly got up with Faithful, 
 overtakes and did also overrun him, so the last was first. 
 Then did Christian vain-gloriously smile, because 
 he had gotten the start of his Brother; but not taking 
 good heed to his feet, he suddenly stumbled and fell, and 
 could not rise again, until Faithful came up to help him. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream they went very lovingly on 
 together, and had sweet discourse of all things that had 
 happened to them in their Pilgrimage. 
 
 Chr, Did you not see the house that stood there on the 
 top of that Hill ? 
 
 Faith. Yes, and the Lions too, before I came at it : but 
 for the Lions, I think they were asleep, for it was about 
 Noon ; and because I had so much of the day before me, I 
 passed by the Porter, and came down the Hill. 
 
 Chr. He told me indeed that he saw you go by, but I 
 wish you had called at the House, for they would have 
 showed you so many Parities, that you would scarce have 
 forgot them to the day of your death. But pray tell me, 
 Did you meet nobody in the Yalley of Humility ? 
 
 1 The kinsman or friend of a murdered that he has killed any one, but that he is 
 
 man was the "avenger of blood." The fleeing to the Celestial City as one would 
 
 Jewish law appointed certain "cities of fly to a city of refuge. He says he is upon 
 
 refuge," whither one pursued by the avenger his life— that is, fleeing for his life ; that is, 
 
 of blood might fly. Faithful does not mean fleeing from destruction. 
 
THE ADVENTURES OF FAITHFUL. 49 
 
 Faith. Yes, I met with one Discontent, who would 
 wilhngly have persuaded me to go back again 
 with him; his reason was, for that the Valley assaulted by 
 
 11 .1 TT- 1 T-r 11 Discontent. 
 
 was altogether without Honor. He told me, 
 moreover, that there to go was the way to disobey all my 
 friends, as Pride, Arrogancy, Self-conceit, Worldly-glory, 
 with others, who he knew, as he said, would be very much 
 offended, if I made such a Fool of myself as to wade 
 through this Valley. 
 
 Ch\ Well, and how did you answer him ? 
 
 Faith. I told him. That although all these that he named 
 might claim kindred of me, and that rightly, (for indeed 
 they were my Relations according to the flesh) yet since I 
 became a Pilgrim, they have disowned me, as I also have 
 rejected them ; and therefore they were to me now no 
 more than if they had never been of my Lineage. I told 
 him moreover, that as to this Valley, he had quite mis- 
 represented the thing : for before Honor is Humility, and 
 a haughty spirit before a fall. Therefore said I, I had 
 rather go through this Valley to the honor that was so 
 accounted by the wisest, than choose that which he 
 esteemed most worthy our affections. 
 
 Ghr. Did you meet no body else in that Valley ? 
 
 Faith. No, not I ; for I had Sun-shine all the rest of the 
 way through that, and also through the Valle}^ of the 
 Shadow of Death. 
 
 Chr. 'Twas well for you ; I am sure it fared far other- 
 wise with me ; I had for a long season, as soon almost as 
 I entered into that Valley, a dreadful Combat with that 
 foul Fiend Apollyon ; yea, I thought verily he would have 
 killed me, especially when he got me down and crushed 
 me under him, as if he would have crushed me to pieces. 
 
 1 dishonorable, disgraceful. 
 
 4 
 
50 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 For as be threw me, my Sword flew out of mj hand ; nay, 
 he told me, He was sure of me : but I cried to God, and 
 he heard me, and dehvered me out of all my troubles. 
 Then I entered into the Yalley of the Shadow of Death, 
 and had no light for almost half the way through it. I 
 thought I should a been killed there, over and over ; but 
 at last day brake, and the Sun rose, and I went through 
 that which was behind with far more ease and quiet. 
 
 Thus they went on talking of what they had seen by 
 the way, and so made that way easy, which would other- 
 wise, no doubt, have been tedious to them ; for now they 
 went through a Wilderness. 
 
 'Now when they were got almost quite out of this 
 Wilderness, Faithful chanced to cast his eye back, and 
 espied one coming after them, and he knew him. Oh ! 
 said Faithful to his Brother, Who comes yonder? Then 
 Christian looked, and said, It is my good friend Evangelist. 
 Ay, and my good friend too, said Faithful, for 'twas he 
 that set me the way to the Gate. Now was 
 overtakes Evano^elisfe comc up unto them, and thus saluted 
 
 them. ^ ^ ' 
 
 them : 
 Ev)an. Peace be with you, dearly beloved, and peace be 
 to your helpers.^ 
 
 Chr. Welcome, welcome, my good Evangelist, the sight 
 of thy countenance brino-s to my remembrance 
 
 They are . o .y 
 
 glad at the thy aucicnt kindness and unwearied laborino^ for 
 
 sight of him. *^ ° 
 
 my eternal good. 
 
 Faith. And a thousand times welcome, said good Faith- 
 ful. Thy company, O sweet Evangelist, how desirable is 
 it to us poor Pilgrims ! 
 
 Evan. Then said Evangelist, How hath it fared Avith 
 you, my friends, since the time of our last parting? 
 
 1 all who had been good to them. 
 
EVANGELIST EXHORTS THEM. 51 
 
 What have you met with, and how have you behaved 
 yourselves ? 
 
 Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things that 
 had happened to them in the way ; and how, and w^ith 
 what difficulty, they had arrived to that place. 
 
 Evan. Right glad am I, said Evangelist, not that you 
 have met with trials, but that you have been vie- ^^^ exhorta- 
 tors; and for that you have (notwithstanding tiontothem. 
 many weaknesses) continued in the way to this very day. 
 
 I say, right glad am I of this thing, and that for mine 
 own sake and yours : I have sowed, and you have reaped ; 
 and the day is coming, when both he that sowed and they 
 that reaped shall rejoice together ; that is, if you hold out : 
 for in due time ye shall reap, if you faint not. The Crown 
 is before you, and it is an incorruptible one ; so run that 
 you may obtain it. Some there be that set out for this 
 Crown, and after they have gone far for it, another comes 
 in, and takes it from them ; hold fast therefore that you 
 have, let no man take your Crown. You are not yet out 
 of the gun-shot of the Devil ; you have not resisted unto 
 blood, striving against sin ; let the Kingdom be always 
 before you, and believe steadfastly concerning things that 
 are invisible.^ Let nothing that is on this side the other 
 world get within you : and above all, look well to your 
 own hearts, and to tlie lusts thereof, for they are deceitful 
 above all things, and desperately wicked ; set ^ your faces 
 like a flint ; you have all power in Heaven and Earth on 
 your side. 
 
 Clir. Then Christian thanked him for his exhortation, 
 but told him w^ithal, that they would have him speak 
 farther to them for their help the rest of the w^ay, and the 
 
 1 not to be seen. Some people with the that it is hard to believe in what they cannot 
 proverb in mind, " Seeing is believing,'' feel see. 2 harden ; as plaster hardens or sets. 
 
52 
 
 rather, for that they well knew that he was a Prophet, 
 and could tell them of things that might happen unto 
 them, and also how they might resist and overcome them. 
 To which request Faithful also consented. So Evangelist 
 began as followeth : 
 
 Evan. My Sons, jo\x have heard in the words of the 
 He predict- ^^^h of the Gospcl, that you must through many 
 traubiS* tribulations enter into the Kingdom of Heaven. 
 Slet wfth in ^^^ again, that in every City bonds and afflic- 
 Sfd encoJr-' tious abide you ; and therefore you cannot expect 
 tfsteadS- that you should go long on your Pilgrimage 
 ^^^^' without them, in some sort or other. You have 
 
 found something of the truth of these testimonies upon 
 you already, and more will immediately follow ; for now, 
 as you see, you are almost out of this Wilderness, and 
 therefore you will soon come into a Town that you will 
 by and by see before you ; and in that Town you will be 
 hardly beset with enemies, who will strain hard but they 
 will kill you ; ^ and be ye sure that one or both of you must 
 seal the testimony which you hold, with blood ; but be you 
 faithful unto death, and the King will give you a Crown 
 of life. He that shall die there, although his death will be 
 unnatural, and his pain perhaps great, he will yet have the 
 better of his fellow ; not only because he will be arrived at 
 the Celestial City soonest, but because he will escape many 
 miseries that the other will meet with in the rest of his 
 Journey. But when you are come to the Town, and shall 
 find fulfilled what I have here related, then remember 
 your friend, and quit ^ yourselves like men, and commit 
 the keeping of your souls to your God in well-doing, as 
 unto a faithful Creator. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream, that when they were got out 
 
 1 try hard to kill you. ^ acquit yourselves, behave. 
 
VANITY FAIR. 53 
 
 of the Wilderness, they presently saw a Town before them, 
 and the name of that Town is Yanity.^ And at the Town 
 there is a Fair kept, called Yanity Fair : it is kept all the 
 year long ; it beareth the name of Yanity Fair, because the 
 Town where 'tis kept is lighter than Yanity ; and also 
 because all that is there sold, or that cometh thither, is 
 Yanity. As is the saying of the wise, " All that cometh is 
 Yanity." 
 
 This Fair is no new-erected business, but a thing of 
 ancient standing ; I will show you the original of it. 
 
 Almost five thousand years agone, there were Pilgrims 
 walking to the Celestial City, as these two 
 honest persons are ; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, qufty o/' 
 and Legion,^ with their Companions, perceiving 
 by the path that the Pilgrims made, that their way to the 
 City lay through this Town of Yanity, they contrived 
 here to set up a Fair ; a Fair wherein should be sold all 
 sorts of Yanity, and that it should last all the year long : 
 therefore at this Fair are all such Merchandise sold, as 
 Houses, Lands, Trades, Places, Honors, Preferments, 
 Titles, Countries, Kingdoms, Lusts, Pleasures, 
 and Delights of all sorts, as Wives, Husbands, cha^ndise'of 
 Children, Masters, Servants, Lives, Blood, Bodies, 
 Souls, Silver, Gold, Pearls, Precious Stones,^ and what 
 not. 
 
 And moreover, at this Fair there is at all times to be 
 seen Jugglings, Cheats, Games, Plays, Fools, Apes, Knaves, 
 and Rogues, and that of all sorts. 
 
 Here are to be seen too, and that for nothing, Thefts, 
 
 1 Vanity is worthlessness, falseness, illu- 2 gee Mark, v. 9 : "My name is Legion." 
 
 sion. By the town of Vanity Bunyan means A legion is a great number, so the text goes 
 
 the worldly life as opposed to the Christian on, " For we are many." 
 
 life. For Vanity Fair see Introduction, 3 i. e., all sorts of things which people 
 
 p. XV. care about and think of great value. 
 
64 
 
 Murders, Adulteries, False-swearers, and that of a blood- 
 red color. 
 
 And as in other Fairs of less moment there are the 
 several Rows and Streets under their proper^ names, 
 Avhere such and such Wares are vended, so here likewise 
 you have the proper places, Rows, Streets, (viz. Countries 
 and Kingdoms) where the Wares of this Fair are soonest 
 to be found : Here is the Britain Row, the French Row, 
 the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German 
 Jnws Fa^r. Row, wherc several sorts of Vanities are to be 
 sold. 
 
 Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just 
 through this Town where this lusty ^ Fair is kept; and he 
 that will go to the City, and yet not go through this 
 Town, must needs go out of the world. The Prince of 
 Princes himself, when here, went through this Town to 
 his own Country, and that upon a Fair-day too ; yea, and 
 as I think, it was Beelzebub, the chief Lord of this Fair, 
 that invited him to buy of his Vanities: yea, would have 
 made him Lord of the Fair, would he but have done him 
 reverence as he went through the Town.^ Yea, because he 
 was such a person of honor, Beelzebub had him from 
 Street to Street, and showed him all the Kingdoms of the 
 World in a little time, that he might, (if possible) allure 
 that Blessed One to cheapen^ and buy some of his Vanities ; 
 but he had no mind to the Merchandise, and therefore left 
 the Town, without laying out so much as one Farthing 
 upon these Vanities. This Fair therefore is an Ancient 
 thing, of long standing and a very great Fair. 
 
 1 own. 4 To cheapen vfHB originally "to bargain 
 
 2 strong, powerful, lively. for," " to offer a price," '^ to buy " ; the in- 
 
 3 The allusion is to the Temptation : variable desire of tlie buyer has given the 
 Matt. iii. 8-11. word its present meaning. 
 
THE HUBBUB OF VANITY. 55 
 
 Now these Pilgrims, as I said, must needs go through 
 this Fair. Well, so they did ; but behold, even 
 as they entered into the Fair, all the people in gnms enter 
 the Fair were moved, and the Town itself as it 
 were in a hubbub about them; and that for in a hubbub 
 
 I J, about them. 
 
 several reasons : tor 
 
 First, The Pilgrims were clothed with such kind of 
 Kaiment as was diverse from the Eaiment of any that 
 traded in that Fair. The people therefore of the Fair 
 made a great gazing upon them : some said they were 
 Fools, some they were Bedlams,^ and some they are Out- 
 landish-men. 
 
 Second!}^, And as they wondered at their Apparel, so 
 they did likewise at their Speech ; for few could under- 
 stand what they said : they naturally spoke the language 
 of Canaan, but they that kept the Fair were the men of 
 this World ; so that, from one end of the Fair to the other, 
 the}^ seemed Barbarians ^ each to the other. 
 
 Thirdly, But that which did not a little amuse the Mer- 
 chandisers was, that these Pilgrims set very light by all 
 their Wares ; they cared not so much as to look upon 
 them ; and if they called upon them to buy, they would put 
 their fingers in their ears, and cry. Turn away mine eyes 
 from beholding Vanity, and look upwards, signifying that 
 their trade and traffic was in Heaven. 
 
 One chanced mockingly, beholding the carriages^ of the 
 men, to say unto them. What will ye buy? But they, 
 looking gravely upon him, answered. We buy the Truth. 
 At that there was an occasion taken to despise the men 
 the more; some mocking, some taunting, some rpi^gya^e 
 speaking reproachfully, and some calling upon ^^o^ked. 
 
 1 crazy people. Bedhirn, corrupted from 2 people of a strange and foreign Ian- 
 Bethlehem, was the name of a great asylum guage : 1 Cor. xiv. 11. 
 near London. s behavior, as on p. 2. 
 
66 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 others to smite them. At last things came to a hubbub 
 and great stir in the Fair, insomuch that all order was 
 confounded. E'ow was word presently brought to the 
 Great One^ of the Fair, who quickly came down and 
 deputed some of his most trusty friends to take those men 
 into examination, about whom the Fair was almost over- 
 The are tumcd. So the men were brought to examina- 
 esamined. ^|qj^ . ^^^ they that sat upon them ^ asked them 
 whence they came, whither they went, and what they did 
 
 there in such an unusual Garb ? The men told 
 whJthej them that they were Pilgrims and Strangers in 
 whence they the World, and that they were going to their 
 
 own Country, which was the Heavenly Jerusa- 
 lem ; and that they had given no occasion to the men of 
 the Town, nor yet to the Merchandisers, thus to abuse 
 them, and to let ^ them in their Journey, except it was for 
 that, when one asked them what they would buy, they 
 said they would buy the Truth. But they that were 
 appointed to examine them did not believe them to be 
 They are not ^^7 othcr than Bcdlams and Mad, or else such 
 believed. ^^ came to put all things into a confusion in the 
 Fair. Therefore they took them and beat them, and 
 besmeared them with dirt, and then put them into the 
 They are put ^^agc, that they might be made a spectacle to all 
 in the Cage, ^j-^g j^^j^ ^f ^i^q Fair. There therefore they lay 
 for some time, and were made the objects of any man's 
 sport, or malice, or revenge, the Great One of the Fair 
 laughing still at all that befell them. But the men being 
 patient, and not rendering^ railing for railing, but con_ 
 trariwise ^ blessing, and giving good words for bad, and 
 
 1 the ruler ; man of authority. ^ hinder, 
 
 a We should say " sat upon their case." It * returning, 
 means those who examined them. ^ on the other hand. 
 
THEY ARE BEATEN. 57 
 
 kindness for injuries done, some men in the Fair that were 
 more observing, and less prejudiced than the rest, began to 
 check and blame the baser sort for their continual abuses 
 done by them to the men ; they therefore in angry man- 
 ner let fly at them again, counting them as bad as the 
 men in the Cage, and telling them that they seemed con- 
 federates, and should be made partakers of their 
 misfortunes. The others replied, that for aught the^rSfrVo 
 they could see, the men were quiet, and sober, among 
 and intended no body any harm; and that there about these 
 
 1 11. 1 • -I-. . 1 two men. 
 
 were many that traded m their Fair that were 
 more worthy to be put into the Cage, yea, and Pillory^ 
 too, than were the men that they had abused. Thus, 
 after divers words had passed on both sides, (the men 
 themselves behaving themselves all tlie while very wisely 
 and soberly before them) they fell to some blows among 
 themselves, and did harm one to another. Then were 
 these two poor men brought before their examiners again, 
 and there charged as being guilty of the late Hubbub that 
 had been in the Fair. So they beat them pitifully and 
 hanged Irons upon them, and led them in They are led 
 Chains up and down the Fair, for an example S?e^FaiMi7^ 
 and a terror to others, lest any should speak in a^tSor to"^ 
 their behalf, or join themselves unto them. But '^*^^^^- 
 Christian and Faithful behaved themselves yet more 
 wisely, and received the ignominy^ and shame that was cast 
 upon them, with so much meekness and patience, that it 
 won to their side (though but few in comparison of the 
 rest) several of the men in the Fair. This put the other 
 party yet into a greater rage, insomuch that they con- 
 
 ' The pillory was an old means of punish- ing and worse, of the crowd gathered 
 ment. It held the head and hands fast, and about, 
 exhibited the criminal to the scoffing, rail- 2 disgrace, contempt, dishonor. 
 
58 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 eluded the death of these two men. "Wherefore they 
 threatened, that the Cage, nor irons should serve 
 
 verearfet their tum, but that they should die, for the abuse 
 
 kiuthem. they had done, and for deluding the men of the 
 Fair. 
 Then were they remanded^ to the Cage again, until 
 further order should be taken with them. So 
 
 again pift they put them in, and made their feet fast in the 
 
 into the 
 
 Cage, and btOCKS.^ 
 
 after 
 
 brought to Then a convenient time being appointed, they 
 
 brought them forth to their Trial, in order ^ to 
 their condemnation. When the time was come, they were 
 brought before their enemies, and arraigned.^ The Judge's 
 name was Lord Hategood. Their Indictment was one and 
 the same in substance, though somewhat varying in form, 
 the Contents whereof was this : 
 
 That they were enemies to, and disturbers of their trade ; 
 that they had made Commotions and Divisions in the 
 Town, and had won a party to their own most dangerous 
 Opinions in contempt of the LaAV of their Prince. And 
 Faithful came to trial first. 
 
 The names of the Jury were, Mr. Blind-man, Mr. 'No- 
 good, Mr. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, Mr. Live-loose, Mr. 
 Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. Enmity, Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, 
 Mr. Hate-light, and Mr. Implacable ; who every one gave 
 in his private Yerdict against him among themselves, and 
 afterwards unanimously concluded to bring him in guilty 
 before the Judge. And first Mr. Blind-man, the foreman, 
 said, I see clearly that this man is an Heretic. Then said 
 Mr. JSTo-good, Away with such a fellow from the Earth. 
 
 1 sent back, ^ in ordinary course for condemnation. 
 
 2 The stocks held the feet firm, much as * This is the legal word for " called to the 
 the pillory the hands. bar to answer an accusation." 
 
THE DEATH OF FAITHFUL. 59 
 
 Ay. said Mr. Malice, for I hate the very looks of him. 
 Then said Mr. Love-lust, I could never endure him. ^N'or 
 I, said Mr. Live-loose, for he Avould always be condemning 
 my way. Hang him, hang him, said Mr. Heady. A 
 sorry Scrub, said Mr. High-mind. My heart riseth against 
 him, said Mr. Enmity. He is a Rogue, said Mr. Liar. 
 Hanging is too good for him, said Mr, Cruelty. Let us 
 dispatch him out of the way, said Mr. Hate-light. Then 
 said Mr. Implacable, Might I have all the world given me, 
 I could not be reconciled to him; therefore let us forth- 
 with bring him in guilty of death. And so they did ; 
 therefore he was presently condemned to be had from the 
 place where he was, to the place from whence he came, 
 and there to be put to the most cruel death that could be 
 invented. 
 
 They therefore brought him out, to do with him accord- 
 ing to their Law ; and first they Scourged him, then they 
 Buffeted him, then they Lanced his flesh with Knives; 
 after that they Stoned him with stones, then 
 pricked him with their Swords; and last of all death™f 
 they burned him to ashes at the Stake. Thus 
 came Faithful to his end. 
 
 Now I saw that there stood behind the multitude a Chariot 
 and a couple of Horses, waiting for Faithful, who (so soon 
 as his adversaries had dispatched him) was taken up into 
 it, and straitway was carried up through the Clouds, with 
 sound of Trumpet, the nearest way to the Celestial Gate. 
 But as for Christian, he had some respite and ^vas re- 
 manded back to prison; so he there remained 
 for a space. But he that overrules all things, SnfluvJ/^ 
 having the power of their rage in his own hand, 
 so wrought it about, that Christian for that time escaped 
 them, and went his way. 
 
60 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 N"ow I saw in my Dream, that Christian went not forth 
 
 alone, for there was one whose name was Hopeful, (being 
 
 made so by the beholding of Christian and Faith- 
 
 has^another ful in their words and behavior, in their suffer- 
 
 ompamon. ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ Fair) wlio joined himself unto him, 
 
 and entering into a brotherly covenant, told him that he 
 would be his Companion. Thus one died to make Testi- 
 mony to the Truth, and another rises out of his ashes to 
 be a Companion with Christian. This Hopeful 
 mo?eVnhe also told Christian, that there were many more 
 FaS will of the men in the Fair that would take their 
 time and follow after. 
 Then Christian and Hopeful went till they came at a 
 delicate Plain called Ease, where they went with much 
 content; but that Plain was but narrow, so they were 
 quickly got over it. Now at the further side of that Plain 
 was a little Hill called Lucre, and in that Hill a Silver- 
 Mine, which some of them that had formerly 
 a dangerous goue that Way, becausc of the rarity of it, had 
 turned aside to see ; but going too near the brink 
 of the pit, the ground being deceitful ^ under them, broke, 
 and they were slain ; some also had been maimed there, 
 and could not to their dying day be their own men again. 
 Then I saw in my Dream, that a little off the road, over 
 against the Silver-Mine, stood Demas ^ (gentleman-like) to 
 call to Passengers to come and see ; who said to Christian 
 and his fellow, Ho ! turn aside hither, and I will show you 
 a thing. 
 
 CliT. What thing so deserving as to turn us out of the 
 way? 
 
 1 We should hardly use this word except ^ por Demas see 2 Tim. ii. 10. He stands 
 for a person. We do, however, say " treach- here, of course, as typifying the temptations 
 erous ■" in very much the same sense. to sndden,unreasonahle,and dangerous gain. 
 
THE PILLAR OF SALT. 61 
 
 Demas. Here is a Silver-Mine, and some digging in it 
 for Treasure. If you will come, with a little pains you 
 may richly pi'ovide for yourselves. Hopeful ' 
 
 Hope. Then said Hopeful, Let us go see. goTCt*^^" 
 
 Chr. ISTot I, said Christian ; I have heard of Swf SSi 
 this place before now, and how many have there ^^^^* 
 been slain ; and besides that Treasure is a snare to those that 
 seek it, for it hindereth them in their Pilgrimage. Then 
 Christian called to Demas, saying. Is not the place danger- 
 ous ? Hath it not hindered many in their Pilgrimage ? 
 
 Demas. Xot very dangerous, except to those that are 
 careless. But withal, he blushed as he spake. 
 
 Chr. Then said Christian to Hopeful, Let us not stir a 
 step, but still keep on our way. 
 
 Now I saw, that just on the other side of this Plain, 
 the PiloTims came to a place where stood an old 
 
 . . They see 
 
 Monument, hard by the Hioliway-side, at the a strange 
 
 ., p-,.,1 1 1 IT Monument. 
 
 Sight 01 which they were both concerned, because 
 of the strangeness of the form thereof ; for it seemed to 
 them as if it had been a Woman transformed into the 
 shape of a Pillar ; here therefore they stood looking and 
 looking upon it, but could not for a time tell what they 
 should make thereof. At last Hopeful espied written 
 above upon the head thereof, a writing in an unusual 
 hand ; but being no Scholar, called to Christian (for he 
 was learned) to see if he could pick out the meaning ; so 
 he came, and after a little laying of letters together, he 
 found the same to be this, Remember Lot's Wife. So he 
 read it to his fellow ; after which they both concluded 
 that that was the Pillar of Salt into which Lot's Wife was 
 turned, for her looking back with a covetous heart, when 
 she was going from Sodom for safety. Which sudden and 
 amazino^ sig-ht o:ave them occasion of this discourse. 
 
 o o o 
 
62 THE pilgrim's progeess, 
 
 Chr. All, my Brother, this is a seasonable sight ; it 
 came opportunely to us after the invitation which Demas 
 gave us to come over to view the Hill Lucre ; and had we 
 gone over as he desired us, and as thou wast inclining to 
 do, my Brother, we had, for ought I know, been made 
 ourselves like this Woman, a spectacle for those that shall 
 come after to behold. 
 
 I saw" then that they went on their way to a pleasant 
 Biver, which David the King called the Biver of God, but 
 John, the Biver of the Water of Life. ]^ow their way 
 lay just upon the bank of the Biver ; here therefore Chris- 
 tian and his Companion walked with great delight ; they 
 drank also of the water of the Biver, which was pleasant 
 and enlivening to their weary spirits : besides, on the banks 
 of this Biver on either side were green Trees, that bore all 
 manner of Fruit ; and the Leaves of the Trees were good 
 for Medicine ; with the Fruit of these Trees they were 
 also much delighted ; and the Leaves the}'' eat to prevent 
 Surfeits and other Diseases that are incident to those that 
 heat their blood by Travels. On either side of the Biver 
 was also a meadow, curiously beautified with 
 in which Lilics I and it was e:reen all the year lono^. In 
 
 they lie . ^ J o 
 
 down to this Meadow they lay down and slept, for here 
 they might lie down safely. When they awoke, 
 they gathered again of the Fruit of the Trees, and drank 
 again of the water of the Biver, and then lay down again 
 to sleep. Thus they did several days and nights. 
 
 Behold ye bow these crystal streams do glide, 
 
 (To comfort Pilgrims) by the Highway side; 
 
 The Meadows green, besides their fragrant smell, 
 
 Yield dainties for them : and he that can tell 
 
 What pleasant Fruit, yea Leaves, these Trees do yield, 
 
 Will soon sell all, that he may buy this Field. 
 
BYPATH MEADOW. 63 
 
 So when they were disposed to go on (for thej were not 
 as yet at their Journey's end), they eat and drank, and 
 departed. 
 
 JSTow I beheld in my Dream, that they had not journeyed 
 far, but ^ the Eiver and the way for a time parted ; at 
 which they were not a httle sorry, yet they durst not go 
 out of the way. ^ow the way from the River was rough, 
 and their feet tender by reason of their Travels; so the 
 soul of the Pilgrims was much discouraged because of the 
 way. Wherefore still as they went on, they wished for 
 better way. I^ow a little before them, there was on the 
 left hand of the road a Meadow, and a Stile ^ to ^ ^^^ 
 go over into it, and that Meadow is called By- ^^adow. 
 path-Meadow. Then said Christian to his fellow. If this 
 Meadow lieth along by our way -side, let 's go over into it. 
 Then he went to the Stile to see, and behold a Path lay 
 along by the way on the other side of the fence. 'Tis 
 according to my wish, said Christian, here is the easiest 
 going ; come, good Hopeful, and let us go over. 
 
 Hope. But how if this path should lead us out of the 
 way? 
 
 Ckr. That 's not like, said the other ; look, doth it not 
 go along by the way-side ? So Hopeful, being persuaded 
 by his fellow, went after him over the Stile. When they 
 were gone over, and were got into the Path, they found it 
 very easy for their feet: and withal, they looking before 
 them, espied a man walking as they did, (and his name 
 was Yain-confidence), so they called after him, and asked 
 him whither that way led? He said. To the Celestial 
 Gate. Look, said Christian, did I not tell you so? By 
 this you may see we are right. So they followed, and he 
 
 » See p. 4, note 2. paths across the meadows than in America, 
 
 5 In England, where there are more by- stiles are common. 
 
64 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 went before them. But behold the night came on, and it 
 grew very dark, so that they that were behind lost the 
 sight of him that went before. 
 
 He therefore that went before (Yain-confidence by 
 A Pit to name) not seeing the way before him, fell into a 
 vlinViori- ^^^P ^^^? which was on purpose there made by 
 ousin. ^YiQ Prince of those grounds, to catch vain- 
 glorious fools withal, and was dashed in pieces with his 
 fall. 
 
 'Now Christian and his fellow heard him fall. So they 
 called to know the matter, but there was none to answer, 
 only they heard a groaning. Then said Hopeful, Where 
 are we now? Then was his fellow silent, as mistrusting 
 that he had led him out of the way ; and now it began to 
 rain, and thunder, and lighten in a very dreadful manner, 
 and the water rose amain. 
 
 Then Hopeful groaned in himself, saying, Oh that I had 
 kept on my way ! 
 
 Chr. Who could have thought that this path should 
 have led us out of the way ? 
 
 Hope. I was afraid on 't at very first, and therefore gave 
 you that gentle caution. I would have spoke plainer, but 
 that you are older than I. 
 
 CJiT. Good Brother, be not offended ; I am sorry I 
 Christian's ^^^® brought thcc out of the way, and that I 
 forieadini ^^^® P^^ ^^®® 1^^^ ^w.^ imminent danger ; pray, 
 ther'o^^Sf ^y Brother, forgive me, I did not do it of an evil 
 
 the way. -^^^^^^^ 
 
 Hojpe, Be comforted, my Brother, for I forgive thee ; 
 and believe too that this shall be for our good. 
 
 Chr. I am glad I have with me a merciful Brother ; but 
 we must not stand thus ; let 's try to go back again. 
 
 Hojpe. But, good Brother, let me go before. 
 
DOUBTIXG CASTLE. 65 
 
 Chr. No, if you please, let me go first, that if there be 
 any danger, I may be first therein, because by my means 
 we are both gone out of the way. 
 
 Hope. No, said Hopeful, you shall not go first ; for your 
 mind being troubled may lead you out of the way again. 
 Then for their encouragement, they heard the voice of one 
 saying '' Let thine heart be towards the Highway, even 
 the way that thou wentest, turn again." But by this time 
 the waters were greatly risen, by reason of which the way 
 of going back was very dangerous. (Then I thought that 
 it is easier going out of the way when we are in, than 
 ffoinff in when we are out.) Yet they adven- ^, 
 
 o o / J They are m 
 
 tured^ to ffo back ; but it was so dark, and the danger of 
 
 o ' ' drowning as 
 
 flood was so high, that in their going back they {Jf^J:^" 
 had like to have been drowned ^ nine or ten times. 
 
 Neither could they, with all the skill they had, get 
 again to the Stile that night. Wherefore at last, lighting 
 under a little shelter, they sat down there till the 
 
 They sleep 
 
 day brake ; but being wear}^, they fell asleep, in the 
 Now there was not far from the place where Giant ce- 
 
 A spair. 
 
 they lay, a Castle called Doubting Castle, the 
 owner whereof was Giant Despair, and it was in his 
 grounds they now were sleeping : wherefore he, getting 
 up in the morning early, and walking up and down in his 
 Fields, caught Christian and Hopeful asleep in ^^ ^^^^ 
 his grounds. Then with a grim and surly voice gJoSlii" ^and 
 he bid them awake, and asked them whence they trSoubtfng 
 were, and what they did in his grounds ? They ^^^^'^' 
 told him they were Pilgrims, and that they had lost their 
 way. Then said the Giant, You have this night trespassed 
 on me, by trampling in and lying on my grounds, and 
 therefore you must go along with me. So they were 
 
 ' ventured, tried. 2 came near being drowned. Like is here an adverb, meaning likely. 
 
 5 
 
66 THE pilgrim's peogress. 
 
 forced to go, because he was stronger than they. They 
 also had but httle to say, for they knew themselves in a 
 fault. The Giant therefore drove them before hhn, and 
 put them into his Castle, into a very dark Dungeon, nasty 
 and stinking to the spirits of these two men. Here then 
 they lay from Wednesday morning till Saturday night, 
 without one bit of bread, or drop of drink, or light, or any 
 to ask how they did ; they were therefore here in evil 
 case/ and were far from friends and acquaintance. ISTow 
 in this place Christian had double sorrow, because 'twas 
 through his unadvised^ haste that they were brought into 
 this distress. 
 
 JNTow Giant Despair had a Wife, and her name was Dif- 
 fidence. So when he was gone to bed, he told his Wife 
 what he had done, to wit, that he had taken a couple of 
 Prisoners and cast them into his Dungeon, for trespassing 
 on his grounds. Then he asked her also what he had best 
 do further to them. So she asked him what they were, 
 whence they came, and whither they were bound ; and he 
 told her. Then she counselled him that when he arose in 
 the morning he should beat them without any mercy. So 
 
 when he arose, he getteth him a grievous crab- 
 day, oiSt tree cudgel, and goes down into the Dungeon 
 beats his to them, and there first falls to rating of them 
 
 as if they were dogs, although they gave him 
 never a word of distaste.^ Then he falls upon them, and 
 beats them fearfully, in such sort, that they were not able 
 to help themselves, or to turn them upon the floor. This 
 done, he withdraws and leaves them, there to condole their 
 misery, and to mourn under their distress : so all that day 
 they spent the time in nothing but sighs and bitter lamenta- 
 tions. The next nio^ht she talkino^ Avith her husband fur- 
 
 1 condition. 2 thoughtless. ^ never a word to show they did not like it. 
 
GIANT DESPAIB. 67 
 
 ther about them, and understanding that they were yet 
 ahve, did advise him to counsel them to make away them- 
 selves. So when morning was come, he goes to them in a 
 surly manner as before, and perceiving them to be very 
 sore with the stripes that he had given them the ^^ j,^..^^ 
 day before, he told them, that since they were ^^ar/coun- 
 never like to come out of that place, their only |fj5 {S.^^ 
 way would be forthwith to make an end of them- ^^^^^^• 
 selves, either Avith Knife, Halter, or Poison. For why, said 
 he, should you choose life, seeing it is attended with so 
 much bitterness? But they desired him to let them 
 go. "With that he looked ugly upon them, and rushing to 
 them had doubtless made an end of them himself, but 
 that he fell into one of his Fits, (for he sometimes 
 in Sunshine weather ^ fell into Fits) and lost for eometimea 
 a time the use of his hand ; wherefore he with- 
 drew, and left them as before, to consider what to do. 
 Then did the Prisoners consult between themselves, 
 whether 'twas best to take his counsel or no ; and thus 
 they began to discourse : 
 
 Chr. Brother, said Christian, what shall we do? The 
 life that Ave now live is miserable : for my part 
 I know not whether is best, to live thus, or to crSd^ 
 die out of hand. " My soul chooseth strangling 
 rather than life," and the Grave is more easy for me than 
 this Dungeon. Shall we be ruled by the Giant? 
 
 Hope. Indeed our present condition is dreadful, and 
 death Avould be far more welcome to me than thus for ever 
 to abide ; but yet let us consider, the Lord of the 
 Country to which we are going hath said. Thou comforts 
 shalt do no murder, no not to another man's per- 
 son ; much more then are we forbidden to take his counsel 
 
 1 lu bright, sunny weather despair loses its power. 
 
68 
 
 to kill ourselves. Besides, he that kills another can but 
 commit murder upon his body ; but for one to kill himself 
 is to kill body and soul at once. And moreover, my Brother, 
 thou talkest of ease in the Grave ; but hast thou forgotten 
 the Hell, whither for certain the murderers go ? For no 
 murderer hath eternal life. And let us consider again, 
 that all the Law is not in the hand of Giant Despair. 
 Others, so far as I can understand, have been taken by 
 him as well as we, and yet have escaped out of his hand. 
 Who knows but that God that made the world may cause 
 that Giant Despair may die? Or that at some time or 
 other he may forget to lock us in? Or but he may in short 
 time have another of his Fits before us, and may lose the 
 use of his limbs ? And if ever that should come to pass 
 again, for my part I am resolved to pluck up the heart of 
 a man, and to try my utmost to get from under his hand. 
 I was a fool that I did not try to do it before ; but, how- 
 ever, my Brother, let 's be patient, and endure a while ; the 
 time may come that may give us a happy release ; but, let 
 us not be our own murderers. With these words Hopeful 
 at present did moderate the mind of his Brother. So they 
 continued together (in the dark) that day, in their sad and 
 doleful condition. 
 
 Well, towards evening the Giant goes down into the 
 Dungeon again, to see if his Prisoners had taken his coun- 
 sel ; but when he came there he found them alive, and 
 truly, alive was all ; for now, what for want of Bread and 
 Water, and by reason of the Wounds they received when 
 he beat them, they could do little but breathe. But, I say, 
 he found them alive ; at which he fell into a grievous rage, 
 and told them that seeing they had disobeyed his counsel, 
 it should be worse with them than if they had never been 
 born. 
 
HOPEFUL COMFORTS HIS BROTHER. 69 
 
 At this they trembled greatly, and I think that Christian 
 fell into a Swoon ; but coming a little to himself 
 again, they renewed their discourse about the Sn"^*'^^ 
 Giant's counsel, and whether yet they had best ^""^^ ^ ' 
 to take it or no. N'ow Christian again seemed to be for 
 doing it, but Hopeful made his second reply as followeth : 
 
 Hope. My Brother, said he, rememberest thou not how 
 valiant thou hast been heretofore ? Apollyon ^^ ^^^^ 
 could not crush thee, nor could all that thou Sl^gain 
 didst hear, or see, or feel in the Yalley of the fo^r^Jr "^ 
 Shadow of Death. "What hardship, terror, and ieS*^ 
 amazement hast thou already gone through, and ^^^'^^^• 
 art thou now nothing but fear ? Thou seest that I am in 
 the Dungeon with thee, a far weaker man by nature than 
 thou art ; also this Giant has wounded me as well as thee, 
 and hath also cut off the Bread and Water from my 
 mouth ; and with thee I mourn without the light. But 
 let's exercise a little more patience ; remember how thou 
 playedst the man at Yanity Fair, and was neither afraid 
 of the Chain, nor Cage, nor yet of bloody Death : where- 
 fore let us (at least to avoid the shame, that becomes not a 
 Christian to be found in) bear up with patience as well as 
 we can. 
 
 Now night being come again, and the Giant and his 
 Wife being in bed, she asked him concerning the Prisoners, 
 and if they had taken his counsel. To which he replied. 
 They are sturdy Rogues ; they choose rather to bear all 
 hardship, than to make away themselves. Then said she, 
 Take them into the Castle-yard to-morrow, and show them 
 the Bones and Skulls of those that thou hast already dis- 
 patched, and make them believe, ere a week comes to an 
 end, thou also wilt tear them in pieces, as thou hast done 
 their fellows before them. 
 
70 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 So when the morning was come, the Giant goes to them 
 
 again, and takes them into the Castle-yard and 
 
 the G^ant ^^ shows them as his Wife had bidden him. These, 
 
 that shortly said he, Were Pile:rims as you are, once, and they 
 
 hewould \n ■ 1 I, 1 
 
 pull them in trcspasscd m my grounds, as you have done ; 
 
 plGCC8« 
 
 and when I thought fit, I tore them in pieces, 
 and so within ten days I will do you. Go get you down 
 to your Den again ; and with that he beat them all the 
 way thither. They lay therefore all day on Saturday in 
 a lamentable case, as before. Now when night was come, 
 and when Mrs. Diffidence and her Husband the Giant 
 were got to bed, they began to renew their discourse of 
 their Prisoners ; and withal the old Giant wondered, that 
 he could neither by his blows nor counsel bring them to an 
 end. And with that his Wife replied ; 1 fear, said she, 
 that they live in hope that some will come to relieve them, 
 or that they have picklocks about them, by the means of 
 which they hope to escape. And say est thou so, my dear ? 
 said the Giant, I will therefore search them in the morn- 
 ing. 
 
 Well on Saturday about midnight they began to pray, 
 and continued in Prayer till almost break of day. 
 
 IS'ow a little before it was day, good Christian, as one 
 half amazed, brake out in this passionate speech : What a 
 AKe in ^^^^' quoth hc, am I, thus to lie in a stinking 
 bosom caifed P^uugcou, whcu I may as well walk at liberty. 
 opens^lny ^ ^^^^^^ a Kcy iu my bosom called Promise, that 
 D?ubtkig ^i^lj I ^^^^ persuaded, open any Lock in Doubt- 
 castie. -j^g Castle. Then said Hopeful, That's good 
 
 news ; good Brother, pluck it out of thy bosom and try. 
 
 Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom, and began to 
 try at the Dungeon door, whose bolt (as he turned the 
 Key) gave back, and the door flew open with ease, and 
 
THE KEY CALLED PROMISE. 71 
 
 Christian and Hopeful both came out. Then he went to 
 the outward door that leads into the Castle-yard, and with 
 his Key opened that door also. After, he went to the iron 
 Gate, for that must be opened too, but that Lock went 
 damnable hard, yet the Key did open it. Then they 
 thrust open the Gate to make their escape with speed, 
 but that Gate as it opened made such a creaking, that 
 it waked Giant Despair, who hastily rising to pursue his 
 Prisoners, felt his limbs to fail, so that he could by no 
 means go after them.^ Then they went on, and came to 
 the King's Highway again, and so were safe, because they 
 were out of his Jurisdiction. 
 
 Now when they were gone over the Stile, they began to 
 contrive with themselves what they should do at that 
 Stile, to prevent those that should come after from falling 
 into the hands of Giant Despair. So they consented ^ to 
 erect there a Pillar, and to engrave upon the side thereof 
 this sentence. Over this Stile is the way to Doubting Cas- 
 tle, which is kept by Giant Despair, who despiseth the 
 King of the Celestial Country, and seeks to destroy his 
 holy Pilgrims. Many therefore that followed after read 
 what was written, and escaped the danger. This done, 
 they went till they came to the Delectable Mountains, 
 which Mountains belono^ to the Lord of that Hill 
 
 The Delec- 
 
 of which we have spoken before; so they went taWeMoun- 
 up to the Mountains, to behold the Gardens 
 and Orchards, the Vineyards and Fountains of water; 
 where also they drank, and washed themselves, and did 
 freel}^ eat of the Vineyards. E'ow there was on the tops 
 of these Mountains Shepherds feeding their flocks, and 
 they stood by the Highway side. The Pilgrims therefore 
 
 1 Christian had too long forgotten that when one trusts to the promise, despair must 
 necessarily lose all power. 2 agreed together. 
 
72 
 
 went to them, and leaning upon their staves (as is common 
 with weary Pilgrims, when they stand to talk with any 
 by the way) they asked. Whose Delectable Mountains 
 are these? And whose be the sheep that feed upon 
 them ? 
 
 Bhejp. These mountains are Immanuel's Land, and they 
 are within sight of his City ; and the sheep also are his, and 
 he laid down his life for them. 
 
 Chr. Is this the way to the Celestial City % 
 
 Shep. You are just in your way. 
 
 Chr. How far is it thither ? 
 
 Shep. Too far for any but those that shall get thither 
 indeed. 
 
 Chr. Is the way safe or dangerous ? 
 
 Shep. Safe for those for whom it is to be safe, but trans- 
 gressors shall fall therein. 
 
 Chr. Is there in this place any relief for Pilgrims that 
 are weary and faint in the way ? 
 
 Shep. The Lord of these Mountains hath given us a 
 charge, ITot to be forgetful to entertain strangers ; therefore 
 the good of the place is before you. 
 
 I saw also in my Dream, that when the Shepherds per- 
 ceived that they were wayfaring men they also put ques- 
 tions to them, (to which they made answer as in other 
 places) as. Whence came you ? and, How got you into 
 the way ? and. By what means have you so persevered 
 therein ? For but few of them that begin to come hither 
 do show their face on these Mountains. But when the 
 Shepherds heard their answers, being pleased therewith, 
 they looked very lovingly upon them, and said. Welcome 
 to the Delectable Mountains. 
 
 The Shepherds, I say, whose names were Knowledge, 
 Experience, Watchful, and Sincere, took them by the 
 
THE MEN AMONG THE TOMBS. 73 
 
 hand, and had ^ them to their Tents, and made them par- 
 take of that which was ready at present.^ They said 
 moreover. We would that ye should stay here a while, to 
 acquaint ^ with us ; and yet more to solace yourselves with 
 the good of these Delectable Mountains. They told them 
 that they were content to stay ; and so they went to their 
 rest that night, because it was very late. 
 
 Then I saw that they had them to the top of ^^^^^ ^^^_ 
 a Mountain, and the name of that is Caution, *^°°- 
 and bid them look afar off ; which when they did, they 
 perceived, as they thought, several men walking up and 
 down among the Tombs that were there ; and they per. 
 ceived that the men were blind, because they stumbled 
 sometimes upon the Tombs, and because they could not 
 e:et out from amono^ them. Then said Christian, What 
 means this ? 
 
 The Shepherds then answered. Did you not see a little 
 below these Mountains a Stile, that led into a Meadow, on 
 the left hand of this way ? They answered. Yes. Then 
 said the Shepherds, From that Stile there goes a path that 
 leads directly to Doubting Castle, which is kept by Giant 
 Despair ; and these men (pointing to them among the 
 Tombs) came once on Pilgrimage, as you do now, even till 
 they came to that same Stile ; and because the right way 
 was rough in that place, they chose to go out of it into 
 that Meadow, and there were taken by Giant Despair, 
 and cast into Doubting Castle ; where, after they had been 
 awhile kept in the Dungeon, he at last did put out their 
 eyes, and led them among those Tombs, where he has left 
 them to wander to this very day, that the saying of the 
 Wise Man might be fulfilled, " He that wandereth out of 
 
 1 took them. ^ to get acquainted. This intransitive 
 
 2 at the time then present. use is obsolete. 
 
74 
 
 the way of understanding, shall remain in the Congrega- 
 tion of the Dead." Then Christian and Hopeful looked 
 upon one another, with tears gushing out, but yet said 
 nothing to the Shepherds. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream, that the Shepherds had them 
 to another place, in a bottom,^ where was a door in the 
 side of a Hill ; and they opened the door, and bid them 
 look in. They looked in therefore, and saw that within it 
 was very dark and smoky ; they also thought that they 
 heard there a lumbering ^ noise as of Fire, and a cry of some 
 tormented, and that they smelt the scent of Brimstone. 
 Then said Christian, What means this? The Shepherds 
 told them. This is a by-way to Hell, a way that Hypocrites 
 go in ,at ; namely, such as sell their Birthright, with Esau,^ 
 such as sell their Master, as Judas ; such as blaspheme the 
 Gospel, with Alexander ; and that lie and dissemble, with 
 Ananias and Sapphira his "Wife. 
 
 Hojpe. Then said Hopeful to the Shepherds, I perceive 
 that these had on them, even every one, a show of Pil- 
 grimage, as we have now ; had they not ? 
 
 Bhep. Yes, and held it a long time too. 
 
 Hope. How far might they go on Pilgrimage in their 
 day, since they notwithstanding were thus miserably cast 
 away ? 
 
 Shep. Some further, and some not so far as these 
 Mountains. 
 
 Then said the Pilgrims one to another. We had need to 
 cry to the Strong for strength. 
 
 Shep. Ay, and you will have need to use it when you 
 have it too. 
 
 1 a hollow or valley. 3 For Esau, 8ee Gen, xxv. 29-34 ; for 
 
 2 The word is often used indefinitely for a Alexander, 2 Tim. iv. 14 ; for Ananias and 
 heavy, dull, rumbling sound. Sapphira, Acts, v. 1-10. 
 
THE VIEW OF THE CITY. 75 
 
 By this time the Pilgrims had a desire to go forwards, 
 and the Shepherds a desire they should ; so they walked 
 together towards the end of the Mountains. Then said 
 the Shepherds one to another, Let us here show to the Pil- 
 grims the Gates of the Celestial City, if they have skill to 
 look through our Perspective-Glass.^ The Pilgrims then 
 lovingly accepted the motion ; so they had them to the top 
 of an high Hill, called Clear, and gave them their Glass to 
 look. 
 
 Then they essayed^ to look, but the remembrance of 
 that last thing that the Shepherds had showed them, made 
 their hands shake, by means of which impediment they 
 could not look steadily through the Glass; yet they 
 thought they saw something like the Gate, and also some 
 of the Glory of the place. When they were about to de- 
 part, one of the Shepherds gave them a Note of th6 way. 
 Another of them bid them beware of the Flatterer. The 
 third bid them take heed that they sleep not on the En- 
 chanted Ground. And the fourth bid them Godspeed. 
 So I aAVoke from my Dream. 
 
 And I slept, and dreamed again, and saw the same two 
 Pilgrims going down the Mountains along the Highway 
 towards the City. N^ow when they had passed a little 
 way, they entered into a very dark Lane. Then said 
 Christian to his fellow, 'Now I call to remem- 
 brance that which was told me of a thing that teiieth ws 
 happened to a o^ood man hereabout. The name a story of 
 
 n Y -r . I -r^ . i -, 1 n Little-Faith. 
 
 of the man was Little-Faith, but a good man, and 
 he dwelt in the Town of Sincere. The thing was this ; at 
 the entering in of this passage, there comes down from 
 Broad-way Gate, a Lane called Dead Man's Lane, so called 
 because of the Murders that are commonly done there; 
 
 1 a telescope. . 2 tried. 
 
76 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 and this Little-Faith going on Pilgrimage as we do now, 
 chanced to sit down there and slept. ]^ow there happened 
 at that time, to come down the Lane from Broad-way 
 Gate, three sturdy Rogues, and their names were Faint- 
 heart, Mistrust, and Guilt, (three Brothers) and they espy- 
 ing Little-Faith where he was, came galloping up with 
 speed. 'Now the good man was just awaked from his 
 sleep, and was getting up to go on his Journey. So they 
 came all up to him, and with threatening language bid 
 him stand. At this Little-Faith looked as white as a 
 Clout,^ and had neither power to fight nor fly. Then 
 
 said Faint-heart, Deliver thy Purse. But he 
 robbed by making no haste to do it (for he was loth ^ to 
 Mistrust,' ' lose his Money) Mistrust ran up to him, and 
 
 thrusting his hand into his Pocket, pulled out 
 thence a bag of Silver. Then he cried out, " Thieves, 
 Thieves." With that Guilt with a great Club that was in 
 his hand, struck Little-Faith on the head, and with that 
 blow felled him flat to the ground, where he lay bleeding 
 as one that would bleed to death. All this while the 
 Thieves stood by. But at last, they hearing that some 
 were upon the road, and fearing lest it should be one 
 Great-grace that dwells in the City of Good-confidence, 
 they betook themselves to their heels, and left this good 
 man to shift for himself. Now after a while Little- Faith 
 came to himself, and getting up made shift to scrabble on 
 his wa}^. This was the story. 
 
 Hope. But did they take from him all that ever he had ? 
 Chr. No ; the place where his Jewels were they never 
 
 ransacked, so those he kept still ; but as I was 
 lost not his told, the good man was much afflicted for his 
 
 loss, for the Thieves got most of his spending 
 
 1 clotli. a reluctant. 
 
LITTLE-FAITH. 77 
 
 Money. That which they got not (as I said) were Jewels ; 
 also he had a little odd Money left, but scarce enough to 
 bring him to his Journey's end ; nay, if I was not mis- 
 informed, he was forced to beg as he went, to 
 keep himself alive, for his Jewels he might not forcS to^ 
 sell. But beg, and do what he could, he went Jolrney'l 
 (as we sa}^) with many a hungry belly the most 
 part of the rest of the way. • 
 
 Ilojpe. But is it not a wonder they got not from him his 
 Certificate, by which he was to receive his admittance at 
 the Celestial Gate? 
 
 Ch\ 'Tis a wonder : but they got not that, though they 
 missed it not through any good cunning of his ; for he being 
 dismayed with their coming upon him, had neither power 
 nor skill to hideanj^thing; so 'twas more by good Providence 
 than by his endeavor, that they missed of that good thing. 
 
 Hope. But it must needs be a comfort to him that they 
 got not this Jewel from him. 
 
 Chr. It might have been great comfort to him, had he 
 used it as he should ; but they that told me the story said 
 that he made but little use of it all the rest of the way, and 
 that because of the dismay that he had in their taking 
 away his Money ; indeed he forgot it a great part of the 
 rest of his Journey ; and besides, when at any time it 
 came into his mind, and he began to be comforted there- 
 with, then would fresh thoughts of his loss come again 
 upon him, and those thoughts would swallow up all. 
 
 Hope. Alas poor man! This could not but be a great 
 grief unto him. 
 
 Chr. Grief ! ay, a grief indeed ! Would it not ^;K!''*^ 
 a ^ been so to any of us, had we been used as he, 
 to be robbed, and wounded too, and that in a strange 
 
 » a ia for have, as one pronounces it rapidly between other more important words. 
 
78 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 place, as he was ? 'Tis a wonder he did not die with grief, 
 poor heart ! I was told he scattered almost all the rest of 
 the way with nothing but doleful and bitter complaints ; 
 telling also to all that over-took him, or that he over-took 
 in the way as he went, where he was robbed, and how ; 
 who they were that did it, and what he lost ; how he was 
 wounded, and that he hardly escaped with life. 
 
 Ho;pe. ^ut 'tis a wonder that his necessity did not put 
 him upon selling or pawning some of his Jewels, that he 
 might have wherewith to relieve himself in his Journey. 
 
 Clir. Thou talkest like one upon whose head is 
 snibbeth his the Shell ^ to this very day. For what should he 
 
 fellow for 
 
 imadvieed pawn them, or to whom should he sell them ? In 
 all that Country where he was robbed, his Jewels 
 were not accounted of ; nor did he want that relief which 
 could from thence be administered to him. Besides, had his 
 Jewels been missing at the Gate of the Celestial City, he had 
 (and that he knew well enough) been excluded from an In- 
 heritance there ; and that would have been worse to him 
 than the appearance and villainy of ten thousand Thieves. 
 Hojpe. But, Christian, these three fellows, I am per- 
 suaded in my heart, are but a company of Cowards ; 
 would they have run else, think you, as they did, at the 
 Hopeful noise of one that was coming on the road ? Why 
 swaggers. ^^^ ^^^^ Littlc-Faith pluck up a greater heart"? 
 He might, methinks, have stood one brush with them, 
 and have yielded when there had been no remedy. 
 
 Clir. That they are Cowards, many have said, 
 he°art for but fcw havc fouud it so in the time of Trial. 
 ther^isbut As for a fi^rcat heart, Little-Faith had none; 
 
 little faith. ^ ^ ^., ,' -r^, ,, , 
 
 and I perceive by thee, my Brother, hadst thou 
 been the man concerned, thou art but for a brush, and 
 
 1 a bird so young as not yet to have got rid of the shell. 
 
THE king's champion. 79 
 
 then to yield. And verily since this is the height of thy 
 stomach, now they are at a distance from us, behave 
 should they appear to thee as they did to him, ^e'^^yhe"' 
 they might put thee to second thoughts. whe*n we are 
 
 But consider again, they are but Journeymen ^^• 
 Thieves ; they serve under the King of the Bottomless Pit, 
 who, if need be, will come in to their aid himself, and his 
 voice is as the roaring of a Lion. I myself have been engaged 
 as this Little-Faith was, and I found it a terrible christian 
 thing. These three Villains set upon me, and I expeSlncr'' 
 beginning like a Christian to resist, they gave ^^*^^^^^^^- 
 but a call, and in came their Master : I would, as the say- 
 ing is, have given my life for a penny ; but that, as God 
 would have it, I was clothed with Armor of proof. 
 Ay, and 3^et though I was so harnessed^ I found it hard 
 work to acquit myself like a man : no man can tell what 
 in that Combat attends us, but he that hath been in the 
 battle himself. 
 
 Hope. Well, but they ran, you see, when they did but 
 suppose that one Great-grace was in the way. 
 
 Chr. True, they have often fled, both they and their 
 Master, when Great-grace hath but appeared; Tj^e King's 
 and no marvel, for he is the King's Champion, champion. 
 But I trow you will put some difference between Little-Faith 
 and the King's Champion. All the King's Subjects are 
 not his Champions, nor can they when tried do such feats 
 of War as he. Is it meet to think that a little child should 
 handle Goliath as David did ? Or that there should be the 
 streno-th of an Ox in a Wren ? Some are strono;, some are 
 weak ; some have great faith, some have little : this man 
 was one of the weak, and therefore he went to the walls. 
 
 Hojpe. I would it had been Great-grace, for their sakes. 
 
 CJir. If it had been he, he might have had his hands 
 
80 
 
 full ; for I must tell you, that though Great-grace 
 is excellent good at his Weapons, and has, and can, so 
 long as he keeps them at Sword's point, do well enough 
 with them ; Yet if they get within him,^ even Faint-heart, 
 Mistrust, or the other, it shall go hard but they will throw 
 up his heels. And when a man is down, you know, what 
 can he do ? 
 
 Whoso looks well upon Great-grace's face, shall see those 
 scars and cuts there, that shall easily give demonstration 
 of what I say. Yea, once I heard he should say, (and 
 that when he was in the Combat) We despaired even of 
 life. How did these sturdy Rogues and their fellows make 
 David groan, mourn, and roar ? Yea, Heman and Heze- 
 kiah too, though Champions in their day, were forced to 
 bestir them when by these assaulted ; and yet, that not- 
 withstanding, they had their Coats soundly brushed by 
 them.^ Peter upon a time would go try what he could 
 do ; but though some do say of him that he is the Prince 
 of the Apostles, they handled him so, that they made him 
 at last afraid of a sorry Girl.^ 
 
 I for my part have been in the fray before now, and 
 though (through the goodness of him that is best) I am, as 
 you see, alive, yet I cannot boast of my manhood. Glad 
 shall I be, if I meet with no more such brunts, though I 
 fear we are not got beyond all danger. However, since 
 the Lion and the Bear have not as yet devoured me, I 
 hope God will also deliver us from the next uncircumcised 
 Philistine. 
 
 So they went on till they came at a place where they 
 saw a way put itself into their way, and seemed withal to 
 lie as straight as the way which they should go : and here 
 
 1 iuside his guard. The figure comes 2 had been well beaten, 
 from boxing or wrestling. s when he denied his Lord. 
 
THE PILGRIMS IN A NET. 81 
 
 they knew not which of the two to take, for both seemed 
 straight before them ; therefore here they stood still to con- 
 sider. And as they were thinking about the way, behold 
 a man black of flesh, but covered with a very light Eobe, 
 came to them, and asked them why they stood there ? 
 They answered they were going to the Celestial City, but 
 knew not which of these ways to take. Follow me, said 
 the man, it is thither that I am going. So they 
 followed him in the way that but now came into ancfhiTei- 
 the road, which by degrees turned, and turned 
 them so from the City that they desired to go to, that in 
 little time their faces were turned away from it : yet they 
 followed him. But by-and-by, before they were 
 aware, he led them both within the compass of a taken ma 
 Net, in which they were both so entangled, that 
 they knew not what to do ; and with that the white Robe 
 fell oif the black man's back : then they saw where they 
 were. "Wherefore there they lay crying some time, for 
 they could not get themselves out. 
 
 Chr. Then said Christian to his fellow, N"ow do I see 
 myself in an error. Did not the Shepherds bid 
 
 , r-ir* n A • ^ • n 'They bewail 
 
 us beware of the flatterers j As is the sayino: ot their condi- 
 
 ^ ° tions. 
 
 the Wise man, so we have found it this day, A 
 
 man that flattereth his N"eighbor, spreadeth a 'Net for his 
 
 feet. 
 
 Hope. They also gave us a ]N"ote of directions about the 
 way, for our more sure finding thereof ; but therein we 
 have also forgotten to read, and have not kept ourselves 
 from the Paths of the Destroyer. Here David was wiser 
 than we ; for saith he. Concerning the works of men, by 
 the word of thy lips I have kept me from the Paths of the 
 Destroyer. Thus they lay bewailing themselves in the 
 Net. At last they espied a Shining One coming towards 
 
82 THE pilgeim's progress. 
 
 them with a Whip of small cord in his hand. When he 
 was come to the place where they were, he asked them 
 whence they came? and what they did there? 
 
 A Shining 
 One com 
 to them ^ 
 a Whip i 
 his hand 
 
 One comes They told him that they were poor Pilgrims going 
 
 to them with , 
 
 awhipin to Zion, but WGYQ led out of their way by a 
 black man, clothed in white, who bid us, said 
 they, follow him, for he was going thither too. Then said 
 he with the Whip, It is Flatterer, a false Apostle, that 
 hath transformed himself into an Angel of Light. So he 
 rent the 'Net, and let the men out. Then said he to them, 
 They are ex- Follow me, that I may set you in your way 
 ?^'vfcte(fof again: so he led them back to the way which 
 nesf ^''^" they had left to follow the Flatterer. Then he 
 asked them, saying. Where did you lie the last 
 night? They said. With the Shepherds upon the Delec- 
 table Mountains. He asked them then. If they had not of 
 them Shepherds a N'ote of direction for the way ? They 
 answered, Yes. But did you, said he, when you was at a 
 stand, pluck out and read your Note? They answered, 
 No. He asked them. Why ? They said they forgot. He 
 Deceivers asked morcov^cr. If the Shepherds did not bid 
 fine spoiien. ^j^^^^ be Ware of the Flatterer ? They answered, 
 Yes ; but we did not imagine, said they, that this fine 
 spoken man had been he. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream, that he commanded them to 
 They are ^^^ dowu ; wliich whcu they did, he chastised 
 senK'tiiefr'^ them sorc, to teach them the good way wherein 
 ^'^^' they should walk ; and as he chastised them he 
 
 said. As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten ; be zealous 
 therefore, and repent. This done, he bids them go on 
 their way, and take good heed to the other directions of 
 the Shepherds. So they thanked him for all his kindness, 
 and went softly along the right way. 
 
THE ENCHANTED GROUND. 83 
 
 Come hither, you that walk along the way. 
 
 See how the Pilgrims fare that go astray ; 
 
 They catched are in an entangling Net, 
 
 'Cause they good Counsel lightly did forget ; 
 
 'Tis true they rescued were, but yet you see 
 
 They're scourged to boot : Let this your caution be. 
 
 I saw then in my Dream, that they went till they came 
 into a certain Country, whose air naturally tended 
 to make one drowsy, if he came a strano^er into come to the 
 
 All TTPii 1 Til T Enchanted 
 
 it. And here Hopeiul beo^an to be very dull and Ground. 
 
 ^ ^ *^ Hopeful 
 
 heavy of sleep : wherefore he said unto Christian, begins to be 
 
 •^ ^ ^ ^ drowsy. 
 
 I do now begin to grow so drowsy that I can 
 scarcely hold up mine eyes ; let us lie down here and take 
 one Nap. 
 
 Gli7\ By no means, said the other, lest sleeping we never 
 awake more. 
 
 Hope. Why, my Brother ? Sleep is sweet to geepfhSi 
 the laboring man ; we may be refreshed if we ^^^ke. 
 take a nap. 
 
 Gkr. Do you not remember that one of the Shepherds 
 bid us beware of the Enchanted Ground ? He meant by 
 that, that we should beware of sleeping ; wherefore let us 
 not sleep as do others, but let us watch and be sober. 
 
 Hope. I acknowledge myself in a fault, and had I been 
 here alone I had by sleeping run the danger of He is thank- 
 death. I see it is true that the Wise man saith, ^'^^• 
 Two are better than one. Hitherto hath thy company been 
 my mercy, and thou shalt have a good reward for thy labor. 
 
 Now I saw in my Dream, that in good time the Pilgrims 
 were got over the Enchanted Ground, and entering into 
 the Country of Beulah,^ whose air was very sweet and 
 
 I "Thou shalt no more be termed For- Hephzibah, and thy land Beulah : for the 
 sakeu ; neither shall thy land any more be Lord delighteth in thee, and thy laud shall 
 termed Desolate : but thou shalt be called be married."— Isaiah, Ixii. 4. 
 
84 THE pilgeim's peogress. 
 
 pleasant, the way lying directly through it, they solaced 
 themselves there for a season. Yea, here they heard con- 
 tinually the singing of Birds, and saw every day the Flowers 
 appear in the earth, and heard the voice of the Turtle ^ in 
 the Land. In this Country the Sun shineth night and day ; 
 wherefore this was beyond the Yalley of the Shadow of 
 Death, and also out of the reach of Giant Despair, neither 
 could they from this place so much as see Doubting Castle. 
 Here they were within sight of the City they were going 
 to, also here met them some of the inhabitants thereof ; for 
 in this land the Shinine: Ones commonly walked, 
 
 Angels. . " J J 
 
 because it was upon the borders of Heaven. 
 In this land also the contract between the Bride and 
 Bridegroom was renewed ; yea, here, " as the Bridegroom 
 rejoiceth over the Bride, so did iheir God rejoice over 
 them." Here they had no want of Corn and Wine ; for 
 in this place they met with abundance of what they had 
 sought for in all their Pilgrimage. Here they heard 
 voices from out of the City, loud voices, saying, '' Say ye 
 to the daughter *of Zion, Behold thy salvation cometh, be- 
 hold his reward is with him." Here all the inhabitants of 
 the Country called them, " The holy People, The redeemed 
 of the Lord, Sought out, &c." 
 
 'Now as they walked in this land, they had more rejoic- 
 ing than in parts more remote from the Kingdom to which 
 they were bound ; and drawing near to the City, they had 
 yet a more perfect view thereof. It was builded of Pearls 
 and Precious Stones, also the Street thereof was paved 
 with Gold ; so that by reason of the natural glory of the 
 City, and the reflection of the Sun-beams upon it, Christian 
 with desire fell sick ; Hopeful also had a fit or two of the 
 same disease. Wherefore here they lay by it awhile, cry- 
 
 1 the turtle dove. See the Song of Solomon, ii. 12. 
 
THE LAND OF BEULAH. 85 
 
 ing out because of their pangs, " If you see my Beloved, 
 tell him that I am sick of love." 
 
 But being a little strengthened, and better able to bear 
 their sickness, they walked on their way, and came yet 
 nearer and nearer, where were Orchards, Vineyards, and 
 Gardens, and their gates opened into the Highway. 
 IS'ow as they came up to these places, behold the Gardener 
 stood in the way, to whom the Pilgrims said. Whose 
 goodly Vineyards and Gardens are these ? He answered. 
 They are the Kitig's, and are planted here for his own 
 delights, and also for the solace of Pilgrims. So the Gar- 
 dener had them into the Vineyards, and bid them refresh 
 themselves with Dainties. He also showed them there 
 the King's walks, and the Arbors where he delighted to 
 be ; and here they tarried and slept. 
 
 Now I beheld in my Dream, that they talked more in 
 their sleep at this time than ever they did in all their 
 Journey ; and being in a muse thereabout, the Gardener 
 said even to me. Wherefore musest thou at the matter ? 
 It is the nature of the fruit of the Grapes of these Vine- 
 yards to go down so sweetly as to cause the lips of them 
 that are asleep to speak. 
 
 So I saw that when they awoke, they addressed ^ them- 
 selves to go up to the City. But, as I said, the reflections 
 of the Sun upon the City (for the City was pure Gold) was 
 so extremely glorious, that they could not as yet with open 
 face behold it, but through an Instrument made for that 
 purpose. So I saw that as they went on, there met them 
 two men, in Paiment that shone like Gold, also their faces 
 shone as the light. 
 
 These men asked the Pilgrims whence they came, and 
 they told them. They also asked them where they had 
 
 1 made themselves ready. 
 
86 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 lodged, what difficulties and dangers, what comforts and 
 pleasures they had met in the way, and they told them. 
 Then said the men that met them. You have but two 
 difficulties more to meet with, and then you are in the 
 City. ^ 
 
 Christian then and his Companion asked the men to go 
 along with them, so they told them they would. But, said 
 the}^, you must obtain it by your own Faith. So I saw in 
 my Dream that they went on together till they came in 
 sight of the Gate. * 
 
 Now I further saw that betwixt them and the Gate was 
 a Eiver, but there was no Brido;e to s'o over ; 
 
 Death o o ^ 
 
 the Eiver was very deep : at the sight therefore 
 of this Eiver the Pilgrims were much stounded ; ^ but the 
 men that went with them said, You must go through, or 
 you cannot come at the Gate. 
 
 The Pilgrims then began to inquire if there was no 
 other way to the Gate ; to which they answered. Yes, but 
 there hath not any, save two, to wit, Enoch and Elijah, 
 been permitted to tread that path, since the foundation of 
 the "World, nor shall, until the last Trumpet shall sound. 
 The Pilgrims then, especially Christian, began to despond^ 
 in his mind, and looked this way and that, but no way 
 could be found by them by which they might escape the 
 Eiver. Then they asked the men if the Waters were all 
 of a depth ? They said, 'No ; yet they could not 
 us"ioudm? help them in that case, for said the}^, you shall 
 through find it deeper or shallower, as you believe in the 
 
 death. 4J .1. 1 
 
 Kmg of the place. 
 They then addressed themselves to the Water; and 
 entering. Christian began to sink, and crying out to his 
 good friend Hopeful, he said, I sink in deep Waters ; the 
 
 1 struck with amazement. ^ to be despondent. 
 
THE RIVER OF DEATH. 87 
 
 Billows go over my head, all his Waves go over me, 
 Selah.i 
 
 Then said the other. Be of good cheer, my Brother, I 
 feel the bottom, and it is good. Then said Christian, Ah 
 my friend, the sorrows of death have compassed christian's 
 me about, I shall not see the land that flows with the hoiir^of 
 milk and honey.^ And with that a great dark- ^^^^^' 
 ness and horror fell upon Christian, so that he could not 
 see before him. Also here he in great measure lost his 
 senses, so that he could neither remember, nor orderly talk 
 of any of those sweet refreshments that he had met with in 
 the way of his Pilgrimage. But all the words that he 
 spake still tended to discover that he had horror of mind, 
 and hearty fears that he should die in that Biver, and never 
 obtain entrance in at the Gate. Here also, as they that 
 stood by perceived, he was much in the troublesome 
 thoughts of the sins that he had committed, both since and 
 before he began to be a Pilgrim. 'Twas also observed 
 that he was troubled with apparitions of Hobgoblins and 
 evil Spirits, for ever and anon he would intimate so much 
 by words. Hopeful therefore here had much ado to keep 
 his Brother's head above water ; yea sometimes he would 
 be quite gone down, and then ere a while he would rise up 
 again half dead. Hopeful also would endeavor to comfort 
 him, saying, Brother, I see the Gate, and men standing by 
 to receive us. But Christian would answer, 'Tis you, 'tis 
 you they wait for, you have been hopeful ever since I 
 knew you. And so have you, said he to Christian. Ah 
 Brother, said he, surely if I was right, he would now arise 
 to help me ; but for my sins he hath brought me into the 
 
 1 This expression is from the Psalms, to be sung. To many, however, it seems to 
 where it is thought to be an indication con- be a part of the text which it follows, 
 cerning the music to which the psalm was ^ Exodus, iii. 8. 
 
88 THE pilgrim's progress. 
 
 snare, and hath left me. Then said Hopeful, My Brother, 
 you have quite forgot the Text, where it is said of the 
 wicked, " There is no band in their death, but their strength 
 is firm, they are not troubled as other men, neither are 
 they plagued like other men." These troubles and dis- 
 tresses that you go through in these Waters are no sign that 
 God hath forsaken you, but are sent to try you, whether 
 you will call to mind that which heretofore you have 
 received of his goodness, and live upon him in your 
 distresses. 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream, that Christian was as in a muse 
 
 a while. To whom also Hopeful added this word, 
 
 delivered Be of good chccr, Jcsus Christ maketh thee 
 
 from his -, -, i • t i r^T • - 
 
 tears in whole I and With that Christian brake out with 
 
 death. ' 
 
 a loud voice. Oh I see him again, and he tells 
 me, " When thou passest through the Waters, I will be 
 with thee ; and through the Rivers, they shall not over- 
 flow thee." Then the}^ both took courage, and the Enemy 
 was after that as still as a stone, until they were gone 
 The An els ^vcr. Christian therefore presently found ground 
 ?hem^soS)on ^^ staud upou, and so it followed that the rest of 
 pIsswTouTof the River was but shallow. Thus they got over. 
 this world, ^^q^;^ upou the bank of the River on the other 
 side, they saw the two Shining Men again, who there 
 waited for them ; wherefore being come out of the River, 
 they saluted them saying, " We are ministering Spirits, 
 sent forth to minister for those that shall be heirs of salva- 
 tion." Thus they went along towards the Gate. 'Now 
 you must note that the City stood upon a mighty Hill, 
 but the Pilgrims went up that Hill with ease because they 
 had these two men to lead them up by the arms ; also 
 they had left their Mortal Garments behind them in the 
 River, for though they went in with them, they came out 
 
THE GLORIES OF THE CITY. 89 
 
 without them. They therefore went up here with much 
 agihty and speed, though the foundation upon which the 
 City was framed was higher than the Clouds. They 
 therefore went up through the Regions of the Air, sweetly 
 talking as they went, being comforted, because they safely 
 got over the River, and had such glorious Companions 
 to attend them. 
 
 The talk they had with the Shining Ones was about 
 the glory of the place, who told them that the beauty and 
 glory of it was inexpressible. There, said they, is the 
 Mount Zion, the heavenly Jerusalem, the innumerable 
 company of Angels, and the Spirits of Just Men made per- 
 fect. You are going now, said they, to the Paradise of 
 God, wherein you shall see the Tree of Life, and eat of 
 the never-fading fruits thereof ; and when you come there, 
 you shall have white Robes given you, and your walk and 
 talk shall be every day with the King, even all the days 
 of Eternity. There you shall not see again such things as 
 you saw when you were in the lower Regions upon the 
 earth, to wit, sorrow, sickness, affliction, and death, for 
 the former things are passed away. You are now going 
 to Abraham, to Isaac, and Jacob, and to the Prophets, 
 men that God hath taken away from evil to come, and 
 that are now resting upon their Beds, each one walking in 
 his righteousness. The men then asked. What must we do 
 in the holy place ? To whom it was answered, You must 
 there receive the comfort of all your toil, and have joy for 
 all your sorrow ; you must reap what you haA^e sown, even 
 the fruit of all your Prayers and Tears, and sufferings for 
 the King by the way. In that place you must Avear 
 Crowns of Gold, and enjoy the perpetual sight and vision 
 of the Holy One, for there you shall see him as he is. 
 There also you shall serve him continually with praise, 
 
90 THE pilgrim's PROGRESS. 
 
 with shouting, and thanksgiving, whom you desired to 
 serve in the World, though with much difficulty, because 
 of the infirmity of your flesh. There your eyes shall be 
 delighted with seeing, and your ears with hearing the 
 pleasant voice of the Mighty One. There you shall enjoy 
 your friends again, that are gone thither before you ; and 
 there you shall with joy receive even every one that fol- 
 lows into the holy place after you. There also shall you 
 be clothed with Glory and Majesty, and put into an equi- 
 page 1 fit to ride out with the King of Glory. When he 
 shall come with sound of Trumpet in the Clouds, as upon 
 the wings of the Wind, you shall come with him ; and 
 when he shall sit upon the Throne of Judgment, you 
 shall sit by him ; yea, and when he shall pass sentence 
 upon all the workers of Iniquity, let them be Angels or 
 Men, you also shall have a voice in that Judgment, because 
 they were his and your enemies. Also when he shall again 
 return to the City, you shall go too, with sound of Trum- 
 pet, and be ever with him. 
 
 E'ow while they were thus drawing towards the Gate, 
 behold a company of the Heavenly Host came out to meet 
 them; to whom it was said by the other two Shining 
 Ones, These are the men that have loved our Lord when 
 they were in the World, and that have left all for his holy 
 Name, and he hath sent us to fetch them, and we have 
 brought them thus far on their desired Journey, that they 
 may go in and look their Redeemer in the face with joy. 
 Then the Heavenly Host gave a great shout, saying, 
 " Blessed are they that are called to the Marriage Supper 
 of the Lamb." There came out also at this time to meet 
 them several of the King's Trumpeters, clothed in white 
 
 1 and be equipped so as to be fit to ride, page as meaning " carriage," as the word is 
 It may, liowever, be that Buuyan used equi- more commonly used at present. 
 
THE GATE. 91 
 
 and shining Eaiment, who with melodious noises and loud, 
 made even the Heavens to echo with their sound. These 
 Trumpeters saluted Christian and his fellow with ten 
 thousand welcomes from the World, and this they did 
 with shouting and sound of Trumpet. 
 
 This done, they compassed them round on every side ; 
 some went before, some behind, and some on the right 
 hand, some on the left, (as 'twere to guard them through 
 the upper Regions) continually sounding as they went with 
 melodious noise, in notes on high : so that the very sight 
 was to them that could behold it, as if Heaven itself was 
 come down to meet them. Thus therefore they walked 
 on together ; and as they walked, ever and anon these 
 Trumpeters, even with joyful sound, would, by mixing 
 their music with looks and gestures, still signify to Chris- 
 tian and his Brother, how welcome they were into ^ their 
 company, and with what gladness they came to meet 
 them ; and now were these two men as 'twere in Heaven 
 before they came at it, being swallowed up with the sight 
 of Angels, and with hearing of their melodious notes. 
 Here also they had the City itself in view, and they 
 thought they heard all the Bells therein ring to welcome 
 them thereto. But above all, the warm and joyful thoughts 
 that they had about their own dwelling there, with such 
 company, and that for ever and ever. Oh, by what tongue 
 or pen can their glorious joy be expressed ! And thus they 
 came up to the Gate. 
 
 I^ow when they were come up to the Gate, there was 
 written over it in Letters of Gold, 
 
 '^BLESSED ARE THEY THAT DO HIS COMMANDMENTS, 
 THAT THEY MAY HAVE RIGHT TO THE TREE OP LIFE, 
 AND MAY ENTER IN THROUGH THE GATES INTO THE CITY." 
 ' The preposition into comes from the thought of welcome as a verb. 
 
92 
 
 Then I saw in my Dream, that the Shining Men bid 
 them call at the Gate ; the which Avhen they did, some 
 from above looked over the Gate, to wit, Enoch, Moses, 
 and Elijah, to whom it was said, These Pilgrims are come 
 from the City of Destruction for the love that they bear 
 to the King of this place ; and then the Pilgrims gave in 
 unto them each man his Certificate, which they had re- 
 ceived in the beginning ; those therefore were carried in 
 to the King, who when he had read them, said, Where 
 are the men ? To whom it was answered. They are stand- 
 ing without the Gate. The King then commanded to 
 open the Gate, "That the righteous nation," said he, 
 "that keepeth the Truth may enter in." 
 
 'Now I saw in my Dream that these two men went in at 
 the Gate : and lo, as they entered, they were transfigured, 
 and they had Eaiment put on that shone like Gold. There 
 was also that met them with Harps and Crowns, and gave 
 them to them, the Harps to praise withal, and the 
 Crowns in token of honor. Then I heard in my Dream 
 that all the Bells in the City rang again for joy, and that 
 it was said unto them, 
 
 "ENTER YE INTO THE JOY OF YOUR LORD." 
 
 I also heard the men themselves, that they sang with a 
 loud voice, saying, 
 
 "BLESSING, AND HONOR, AND GLORY, AND POWER 
 BE UNTO HIM THAT SITTETH UPON THE THRONE, AND 
 UNTO THE LAMB, FOR EVER AND EVER." 
 
 ISTow just as the Gates were opened to let in the men, 
 I looked in after them, and behold, the City shone like 
 the Sun ; the Streets also were paved with Gold, and in 
 them walked many men, with Crowns on their heads, 
 Palms in their hands, and golden Harps to sing praises 
 withal. 
 
THE END. 93 
 
 There were also of them that had wings, and they an- 
 swered one another without intermission, saying, " Holy, 
 Holy, Holy, is the Lord." And after that they shut up 
 the Gates. Which when I had seen, I wished myself 
 among them. So I awoke, and behold it was a Dream. 
 
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 Spy,' for school use, is so condensed and supplied with useful notes as to 
 make it a good book for supplementary reading in schools," 
 
STANDARD LITERA TURE SERIES. 
 
 Henry A. Wise, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Baltimore, Md. 
 " I write to thank you for a copy of * Horse-Shoe Robinson ' sent for my 
 examination. I have frequently recommended this book to the children 
 studying the Revolutionary period of our history, as excellent supplementary 
 reading matter, and I am glad that your house has seen fit to put it in this 
 shape for the use of the schools. I have shown the book to several of our 
 principals, who highly approve of its use in the schools. I think the editors 
 have reduced the size with good judgment, decreasing the size, while 
 sacrificing little, if anything, material. 
 
 Chas. M. Jordan, Superintendent, Minneapolis, Minn. " I have 
 examined them carefully so far as the books have been issued, and it seems 
 to me that they are worthy of hearty commendation, and will do good work 
 in the public schools. " 
 
 W. D. Parker, President State Normal School, River Falls, Wis. " I 
 am of the opinion that the mechanics of the books, the exclusions of matter, 
 and the selection of topics for notes, mark a departure that gains for pupil 
 and teacher." 
 
 W. S. Dudley, School Commissioner, Cuthbert, Ga. " The Standard 
 Literature Series received. I am delighted with them." 
 
 Mrs. Anna D. Pollard, Plantsville, Conn. " It is just what we want." 
 
 J. G. Crabbe, Superi^itendent, Ashland, Ky. " It [' The Spy'] is one 
 of the very best books of its kind that I have seen, and is admirably adapted 
 to school work. We shall always be glad to use such books." 
 
 Prof. W. H. Keister, Harrisonburg, Va. "I am much pleased 
 with the Literature Series and am thinking strongly of introducing the series 
 in my Intermediate and Grammar Grades." 
 
 J. W. Freese, Washington School, Cambridgeport, Mass. " It seems 
 to me that they are sure to make their way in the schools." 
 
 E. F. Eddins, Palmerville, N. C. "Allow me to testify to the won- 
 derful perfection of your Standard Literature Series. I have been teaching 
 ten years and I do not hesitate to say that your publication is the best of the 
 kind I have ever seen. I shall introduce it as soon as practicable." 
 
 F. T. Oldt, Superintendent, Dubuque, Iowa. " The effort to bring 
 standard literature within the reach of all is most commendable. This can 
 be done only through the schools, and by the aid of cheap editions in 
 attractive form. I like your edition, and hope to make a few selections." 
 
 A. W. Tressler, Superintendent, Monroe, Mich. " I have found them 
 well printed, nicely bound and very cheap. We shall be able to use some 
 of them another year." 
 
STANDARD LITERA TURE SERIES. 
 
 E. H. Davis, Superinte^ident, Chelsea, Mass. "I have read through 
 with much interest the copies of your Standard Literature Series, and have 
 placed several of them on our list of approved supplementary readers. The 
 wonder is that any house can offer such books at so small cost." 
 
 C. F. Boyden, Superintendent, Taunton, Mass. "I am thoroughly 
 convinced that the real reading of all our pupils should be standard litera- 
 ture. I think your Standard Literature Series well selected and well adapted 
 for this work." 
 
 Mason S. Stone, State Superintendent, Monfpelier, Vermont. "Admi- 
 rably adapted to our public schools." 
 
 G. A. Southworth, Superintendent, Somerville, Mass. " I have exam- 
 ined copies of your Standard Literature ' Series with interest and pleasure. 
 The subjects selected are excellent and the plan of the series commends 
 itself. The low price brings the books within easy reach." 
 
 Eugene Bouton, Superintendent, Pittsfield, Mass. "The ideal read- 
 ing would take the masterpieces complete. Lack of time and money, how- 
 ever, must usually make the attainment of this ideal in many cases impracti- 
 cable. In all such cases your Standard Literature Series seems a happy 
 solution of the greatest good attainable under existing conditions." 
 
 Wm. H. Huse, Principal Hallsville School, Manchester, N. H. "I 
 have examined the Standard Literature Series and can hardly use language 
 too strong in praise of both the books and the plan on which they are 
 arranged and issued, as well as the motive that brings them out." 
 
 Franklin Carter, President Williajtis College, Williamstown, Mass. 
 "I think the idea a good one of making the reading of our schools cover 
 some such fine stories as are embodied in the Standard Literature Series, 
 The abbreviations are necessary, and I judge are well done. The notes 
 are certainly discriminating and helpful." 
 
 S. T. Dutton, Superijitendent, Brookline, Mass. " I am glad to say 
 that I have been much pleased with the form and the execution of the 
 Standard Literature Series. The selections thus far have been excellent 
 and the books are attractively constructed." 
 
 Thos. M. Balliet, Superintendeitt, Springfield, Mass. "I like your 
 series of the classics so far as I have seen the different numbers." 
 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 43-47 East JOth Street, New York 
 
Modern Readers for Graded Schools. 
 
 Davis' Beginner's Reading- Book 
 Davis' Second Reading* Book. 
 Davis' Third Reading- Book. 
 Davis' Fourth Reading" Book. 
 
 These books present the * ' Thought Method ** or *' Sentence 
 Method " of teaching reading, and are the only Readers prepared 
 especially on that pJan. The author is Supt. Ebbn H. Davis, 
 of Chelsea, Mass. 
 
 Natural Science in Simple Stories. 
 
 Holmes' New First Reader. 
 Holmes' New Second Reader. 
 Holmes' New Third Reader. 
 Holmes' New Fourth Reader. 
 Holmes' New Fifth Reader. 
 
 These books are most beautifully illustrated and wonderfully 
 attractive. Interesting facts about plant and animal life are 
 woven into charming stories, well graded, and so judiciously in- 
 terspersed with other reading matter as not to become monotonous. 
 As leading Readers, or for supplemental reading, they are 
 unsurpassed. 
 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING CO., 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 43, 45, 47 East lOth Street. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS: BOSTON: 
 
 7 1 4-7 1 6 Canal Street. 352 Washington Street. 
 
SUPPLEMENTAl 
 
 Standard Liter 
 
 Works of standard authors — selec 014 
 schools, with introductory and explanav...j 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 158 866 7 ^ 
 
 csingie niilnbers, in 
 
 4 (Single). 
 
 5 (Single). 
 
 6 (Single). 
 
 By J. Fenlmore Cooper. 
 By J. Fenimore Cooper. 
 By Sir Walter Scott. 
 By Washington Irving. 
 
 stiff paper sides, 64 to 128 pages, 123^ cents; double numbers, IGO to 224 
 pages, 20 cents. In cloth, 20 cents and 30 cents. 
 
 No. 1 (Single). THE SPY, - - - 
 " 2(Double). THE PILOT, - - - 
 " 3 (Single). ROB ROY, - - - 
 
 THE ALHAMBRA. - 
 
 CHRISTMAS STORIES. By Charles Dickens. 
 
 ENOCH ARDEN and Other Poems, 
 
 By Alfred Lord Tennyson. 
 7(Double). KENILWORTH, - - By Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 8 (Double). THE DEERSLAYER, By J. Fenlmore Cooper. 
 
 9 (Double). LADY OF THE LAKE, By Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 10 (Double). HORSE-SHOE ROBINSON, By John P.Kennedy. 
 
 11 (Single). THE PRISONER OF CHILLON and Other Poems 
 
 By Lord Byron. 
 
 12 (Double). HAROLD, - - - By Sir E. Bulwer-Lytton. 
 13 (Single). GULLIVER'S TRAVELS, By Jonathan Swift. 
 
 PAUL DOMBEY, - 
 
 TWICE-TOLD TALES, 
 
 A WONDER-BOOK, 
 
 THE SKETCH BOOK, 
 
 18 (Double). NINETY-THREE, 
 
 19 (Double). TWO YEARS BEFORE THE MAST, 
 
 By Richard H. Dana, Jr. 
 
 20 (Single). THE SNOW IMAGE, Etc., By Nath'l Hawthorne. 
 
 EVANGELINE, - - By H. W. Longfellow. 
 
 LITTLE NELL, - - By Charles Dickens. 
 
 KNICKERBOCKER STORIES, By Wash'n Irving. 
 :i4 (Double). IVAN HOE, - - _ By Sir Walter Scott. 
 25 (Single). ROBINSON CRUSOE, By Daniel Defoe. 
 :i6 (Double). POEMS OF KNIGHTLY ADVENTURE, 
 
 By Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, Macaulay, Lowell. 
 
 27 (Double). THE WATER WITCH, By J. Fenlmore Cooper. 
 
 28 (Single). TALES OF A GRANDFATHER, 
 
 By Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 ;J9 (Double). THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS, 
 
 By J. Fenlmore Cooper. 
 
 14 (Single). 
 
 15 (Single). 
 
 16 (Single). 
 
 17 (Single). 
 
 31 (Single). 
 33 (Single). 
 21^ (Single). 
 
 By Charles Dickens. 
 By Nath'l Hawthorne. 
 By Nath'l Hawthorne. 
 By Washington Irving. 
 By Victor Hugo. 
 
 THE GOLDEN-ROD BOOKS 
 
 Contain choice literature for children, graded to supplement First, Second, 
 Third arid Fourth Readers. Illustrated. These are the title.s : 
 
 - I. RHYMES AND FABLES. 12 cents. II. SONGS AND 
 STORIES, 15 cents. III. FAIRY LIFE, 20 cents. IV. BAL- 
 LADS AND TALES, 25 cents. 
 
 Special Discounts to Schools and Dealers. 
 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 43-47 E. Tenth Street. New York.