■■*^ *> 
 
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 F 
 124 
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, "' */^£f^' 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS,— FROM THE AMERICAN SHORE. 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE, 
 
 AKD ILLUSTRATED UESCRIPTIOiN OF 
 
 CENTRAL NEW YORK, 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS, SARATOGA SPRINGS, ETC. 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 RAIL ROAD TIME TABLES. 
 
 BUFFALO : 
 FELTOX & BROTHER, PUBLISHER? 
 
 159 Main Street. 
 1866. 
 
ELECTROTYPED AND PRl.VTED AT THE FRANKLIX PRINTING HOUSE, 
 BUFFALO, N. T. 
 
 
TEAVELEE'S GUIDE 
 
 CENTRAL NEW YORK 
 
 When the peace loving Hollanders explored the Hudson in search of 
 a suitable site for a town, or an eligible point for trading with the Indians, 
 they selected a spot several miles above the overslaugh or shoal, with a 
 view to security from maritime attacks by the English, then the most 
 considerable naval power in the world. The Dutch still entertained a 
 wholesome dread of their troublesome and arrogant neighbor, and they 
 not unnaturally sought to shelter themselves behind a natural obstacle in 
 the river, exposed as they must otherwise be to the rapacity of the lawless 
 English buccaneers, who were ravaging every accessible part of the civ- 
 ilized world. For commercial purposes, and the transaction of general 
 business, the situation of Albany is the worst imaginable. Seven or 
 eight miles down the river would have avoided the shallow water which 
 is now such a nuisance to the larger class of steamboats, and all sail craft 
 drawing over seven feet water. And three miles further up would have 
 avoided the precipitous acclivity which a considerable portion of the in- 
 habitants are constrained to climb nearly every day of the year. But 
 Mynheer values his personal security above all such considerations, and 
 the extra labor demanded by the conditions by which he found himself 
 surrounded, had not the weight of a feather in the scale. 
 
 Albany, the capital of the State, was described by old Jedediah Morse 
 as a city of 1,500 houses and 7,000 inhabitants, " all with their gable ends 
 to the street.'' This was sixty years ago. Now Albany contains up- 
 wards of 62,000 people. Then the quaint Dutch style of architecture, 
 with its sharp pointed roofs and diminutive windows generally prevailed; 
 but the Yankee spirit of innovation has crept slowly into the manners 
 and habits of the citizens, as well as the mode in which they build their 
 
TRAVELEB'S GUIDE. 
 
 houses, and the peculiarities which formerly marked the appearance of 
 the city have long since disappeared. The Dutch tongue was the jire- 
 vailing language as late as the middle of the last century, more than a 
 hundred years after the English had taken possession of the country, and 
 during that period the chief improvements and additions to the city were 
 made in the queer style of that extraordinaiy people. All this will ap- 
 pear incredible to those who look upon the array of elegant and taste- 
 ful public edifices, mansions, stores and hotels that now adorn the city. 
 
 Albany is a wealthy town, and its Imsiness men have always been dis- 
 tinguished for liberality, mercantile honor, and much intelligent entCF- 
 prise. The consequence has been a large measure of prosperity. The 
 society is noted for cultivation and refinement. The old Knickerbocker 
 families, with the Patroon at their head, long constituted a class by them- 
 selves, having their own modes of recreation, and keejung people of a 
 different lineage at arm's length. In process of time, however, the apcial 
 tone became modified. More liberal views took the place of the narrow 
 notions that had previously prevailed, and at the present time, while 
 Albany has a well ordered and excellent society, quite different from 
 the democratic hurly-burly of most of our westera towns, there is no 
 invidious exclusiveness, such as was formerly complained of 
 
 Albany is a place of great business importance, both in a commercial 
 and manufacturing point of view. The early growth of the city was 
 exceedingly slow. At the expiration of two centuries from the period of 
 its foundation, it numbered less than 10.000 inhabitants. Steam naviga- 
 tion on the Hudson, and the completion of the Erie and Chamijlain canals, 
 gave it an immense impulse, and in less than half a centuiy it gained 
 more than 50,000 people. Standing practically at the head of navigation, 
 and enjoying almost a monopoly of the noble Hudson, the enterprise and 
 sagacity of its large minded merchants and capitalists, have secured for 
 it commercial advantages such as few other cities enjoy. It is connected 
 with New York by t^vo lines of railway and the river, and with the great 
 Lakes by the Central Railroad and the Erie Canal. "With Canada and 
 the North it has communication by means of the Champlain Canal and 
 different lines of railway. Railways connect it with New England, and 
 during the season of navigation a heavy business is transacted with dif- 
 ferent Eastern ports by way of the river and Long Island Sound. The 
 
 4 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 lumber and barley markets of Albany are something wonderful. A large 
 portion of tlio barley received here is converted into ale, of the best qual- 
 ity known to the lovers of malt. The ale is all of the choicer kiuds, the 
 modern slops, known as lager beer, being generally eschewed by the solid 
 people of Albany. 
 
 The great workshops of the Central road, and the establishments where 
 dificrent articles are manufactured for that gigantic institution, give em- 
 ployment to more than a thousand persons. The safe, hollow ware, and 
 iron freight car manufactory of Mr. J. M. B. Davidson, employs between 
 three and four hundred men, turning out a million dollars worth of work 
 a year. Seventy thousand barrels of ale are made annually at the brew- 
 ery of Taylor & Son. The stoves manufactured in Albany are famous 
 all over the coimtiy. 
 
 The next station is Schenectady, a cheerful old city of about 10,000 
 inhaliitants, lying on the beautiful Mohawk, with the Erie Canal run- 
 ning through its centre. The distinguishing feature of Schenectady 
 is Union College, of which Laurens P. Hickok, is President. This 
 celebrated seat of science and literature, was incorijorated nearly seventy 
 years ago. The college buildings were first erected in the heart of the 
 city, where they still remain, although in a dilapidated condition. The 
 College now stands on an eminence in the eastern part of the town, so 
 commanding as to overlook the whole city and the valley of the Mohawk 
 for many miles, both east and west. The manufacturing interest of Sche- 
 nectady is quite an extensive one ; and it is the centre of a considerable 
 agricultural district The settlement of the place was commenced more 
 than two centuries ago, and in 1G90 it contained eighty houses. -That 
 year a tragic event occurred in its history. When first constructed, the 
 city, being comparatively remote from any substantial settlement, was 
 surrounded by palisades, with several entrance gates. Notwithstanding , 
 it was a frontier village, a quarter of a century of security had inspired 
 general confidence among the inhabitants, and no precautions were ever 
 taken against a nocturnal surprise. On the night of the 8th of February, 
 1G90, some three hundred French and Indians fired the town, surprised 
 the sleeping inhabitants, killing sixty-three and carrying off twenty-seven 
 a-s prisoners.' It was a bitter cold night, the ground was covered with 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 snow, and those who escaped with their lives made for Albany, the near- 
 est jjoint where succor was to be obtained, many of them perishing by 
 the way. Nearly all the buildings were burned to the ground. Three 
 different forts were subsequently built to check the marauding bands of 
 French and Indians. But no successful or serious attacks were after- 
 wards made upon the town, 
 
 The growth of Schenectady has been gradual, but slow, for many years 
 past. It is an opulent town, and contains many families distinguished 
 for cultivation and refinement. The inhabitants are social in their habits, 
 and dispense a liberal hospitality in admirable taste. About the middle 
 of the last century an extensive fur trade was prosecuted from Schenec- 
 tady, and this lucrative enterprise brought much treasure to the town. 
 In 1795 it was the mart of the "Western Navigation Company," which 
 traded with the "West bj' means of the Mohawk, Wood Creek, and lakes 
 Oneida and Ontario. It is now a great market for broom corn, one of 
 the staple products of the fertile bottom lands of the Mohawk. 
 
 The railway from Troy strikes the main tiiink of the Central at this 
 point ; and so does the railroad from Saratoga. 
 
 The name of the next station is Hoffman's Ferrt, a small namlet in 
 Schenectady county, about nine miles from Schenectady. John Hoff- 
 man, who formerly kept a ferry at this point, gave his name to the clus- 
 ter of houses tliat constitute the settlement 
 
 Crane's Village — is the name of the next .stopping place. The first 
 grist mill erected on the north side of the Mohawk, was built here one hun- 
 dred and thirty-two years ago. For half a century the inhabitants of the 
 German Flats, for more than fifty miles in extent, obtained their bread- 
 stuff from this mill. 
 
 I Amsterdam — is the largest town in Montgomery county, containing 
 upwards of four thousand inhabitants — distant about thirty-three miles 
 from Albany. The village lies upon the left bank of the Mohawk, a 
 pleasant situation, and exhibiting considerable architectural taste. Sev- 
 eral manufactories are in successful operation here, the most extensive 
 of which are an esta])lishment for making skates, an oil factoiy, and a 
 foundry and agricultural works. 
 
 . About three miles from Amsterdam is Johnstown, formerly famous as 
 the residence of the distinguished Sir William Johnson. In the early 
 
 6 
 
part of the last century, Admiral Warren received from George the First 
 an extensive grant of land on which the village of Florida now stands. 
 This was in consideration of important services rendered the English 
 king in his wars with France. Young Johnson, a nephew of the Admi- 
 ral, having just attained his majority, came out here as the agent of his 
 uncle. .The valley of the ]\Iohawk was then an almost unbroken wilder- 
 ness, Avhere the red man hunted and fished without molestation. John- 
 son, who was undoubtedly a man of ujicommon intellectual powers, had 
 also great personal advantages, and his address and manners were of the 
 most engaging description. He soon conciliated the favorable regard of 
 the savages, and ultimately acquired an influence over them exceeding 
 that attained by the French, including Jesuits and soldiers, during the 
 intercourse of a centuiy. His appointment as Indian agent, obtained 
 through the instrumentality of his uncle, gave him additional conse- 
 quence with the natives, and during his residence of nearly half a cen- 
 tury among them, his power and authority were never diminished. He 
 built a fine stone mansion on a small stream running through his estate, 
 which at that time was regarded as the most imposing edifice in the col- 
 ony. This he fortified as a means of defence against the French, and 
 there he lived in true baronial style, maintaining a retinue of depend- 
 ents, and dispensing a liberal hospitriity. 
 
 In 1759, he led a body of two thoirsand Indians through the wilder- 
 ness to the head of Lake George, and there defeated a large body of 
 French under the command of a distinguished soldier. He Mas made a 
 baronet and received a grant of £5,000 in money for this act of gallantry. 
 He died in 1774, leaving his title, estate, &c., to his son John, who seems 
 to have been greatly inferior to his father. The younger Johnson es- 
 poused the royal cause, whev the revolution broke out, and he was con- 
 sequently driven out of the country, his large domain having meantime 
 been confiscated. His old mansion-house still remains in a state of good 
 preservation. It is visible from the railway, a short distance west of 
 Amsterdam. 
 
 Many anecdotes were formerly in circulation in the valley of the Mo- 
 hawk, illustrative of the peculiarities of the Indian character, and at the 
 same time showing the tact and adroitness of Sir AVilliam Johnson. One 
 orthem may be worth repeating here. A chief of the Mohawks who had 
 
 7 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 fallen into habits of some intimacy with Sir AYilliam, became enamored 
 of the splendid uniform of a General officer, which had just arrived from 
 England, and after much consideration of the suljjoct, devised a plan for 
 obtaining possession of the gorgeous ti'appings. He informed Sir William 
 that he had dreamed on the preceding night that the General had made 
 him a present of the coat with all its decorations, and his sword besides. 
 Sir William immediately fulfdled the Indian's dream in all its particulars. 
 In the course of a short time the (general had a dream, which he commu- 
 nicated to his copper colored friend. He dreamed that the Indian had 
 given him a large and most desirable tract of land. Of course the land 
 was granted, but the Indian protested, with many expi'essive gestures, 
 that he would dream no more dreams with the General. " Ugh ! " said 
 the disconcerted savage, " you dream too big." 
 
 Tribes' Hill — a village of about four hundred inhabitants, is situate on 
 the Mohawk, about five miles west of Amsterdam. It stands on an emi- 
 nence where the Indians were accustomed to assemble on important occa- 
 sions and hold their solemn councils, hence its name. A suspension 
 bridge spans the river at this i)oint, Avhich is near the mouth of Schoharie 
 creek. 
 
 In May, 1780, Sir John Johnson made a sudden descent upon the 
 neighborhood of his old homo, in command of five hundred Indians and a 
 band of scoundrelly tories. He attacked the settlement at Tribes' Hill, 
 destroyed every house not occupied by a tory, and killed or captured 
 nearly all the inhabitants. These atrocities, however, were merely inciden- 
 tal, the chief object of his expedition being to recover the family plate, which 
 he had buried when driven out of the country. This he exhumed and 
 conveyed to Canada in the knapsacks of sLxty of his followers. Johnson 
 made another predatory incursion into this region in the autumn of the 
 same year. As before, his following was made up of tories and Indians, 
 the latter being led by the chiefs Brandt and Cornplanter. These ma- 
 rauders destroyed all the property upon which they could lay their hands, 
 and inflicted every species of cruelty upon the poor people who fell in 
 their way. This was Johnson's last visit to the valley of the Mohawk. 
 His tenantry were succeeded by settlers from New England, and the 
 British Government gave him $300,000 and a command in the army, as 
 a compensation for his losses. 
 
INDIAN ENCAMPMENT, SHARON SPRINGS. 
 
 Take Stages at Palatine Bridge. 
 
FoxDA — about five miles from Tribes' Hill, is the capital of Montgom- 
 eiy county. It contains several manufactories, and a population of about 
 seven hundred. The village was named for a Dutchman named Douw 
 Fonda, who removed here from Schenectady, in 1751. He was murdered 
 by the Indians under Johnson, in 1780. There is a record of the mur- 
 der of two Jesuit priests at this place in 1G46. These zealous and 
 devoted men appeared in this valley on their Christian mission as early 
 as 1640. 
 
 Spraker's — is a little village of about hundred inhabitants, about nine 
 miles west of Fonda. 
 
 Palatine Bridge — a small hamlet in Montgomery county, connected 
 with Canajoharie by a bridge across the Mohawk, is the point where 
 passengers take the stage for Sharon Springs, a place of considerable re- 
 sort during the fashionable season. The ride from Canajoharie to the 
 Springs, a distance of some fourteen miles, is one of the most picturesque 
 and beautiful to be found in that charming country of hill and dale. The 
 accommodations at the Springs are ample and of the most satisfactory 
 description. In addition to the large hotels, the Pavilion being one of 
 the best in the couutiy, there are several other good houses, and invalids, 
 seeking quiet and seclusion, can find comfortable quarters in private 
 dwellings. The mineral springs gush out from the bed of a small brook, 
 and from a steep wooded slope on its margin. The curative properties 
 of the waters were known to the .inhabitants of the adjacent regions as 
 long ago as the beginning of the present century, and parents often gave 
 their distempered children the benefit of the sulphur bath ; but their repu- 
 tation was confined to the neighborhood until about the year 1830. Now 
 Sharon is annually visited l)y fashionable people from the large cities, for 
 purposes of relaxation and social enjoyment, quite as much as by inva- 
 lids, seeking a restoration to health. 
 
 Springs furnishing water of a character totally distinct and different 
 are often found within a few rods, and sometimes a few feet of each 
 other. This phenomenon is seen at Van Buren, Arkansas, where the 
 famous hot and cold springs are found. The stream from the hot spring 
 mingles with that from the cold, not more than half a dozen rods from 
 the fountains. The difference between the temperature of the two springs 
 is more than 200 degrees. 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 A phenomenon almost as oxtraordinaiy is exhibited at Sharon. On 
 the slope from which the sti-eams flow, are five different springs — chaly- 
 beate, white sulphur, liliie sulphur, magnesia, and pure water. The 
 white sulphur, that is, sulphur held in solution, and the magnesia, are of 
 the highest repute. 
 
 Fort Plain — three miles above Palatine Bridge, is a thriving village of 
 about fifteen hundred inhabitants. A popular Female Academy, well 
 conducted and well supported, contrilmtes to the prosperity of the place. 
 When Johnson infested the valley with his savage allies, in 1780, the 
 men of Fort Plain were absent on military service, and the women and 
 children took refuge in a neighboring fort for safety. When the savages 
 prepared to invest the feeble fortification, the women, clad in their 
 husbands' gamients, stood boldly forth upon the ramparte, and so in- 
 timidated the red warriors that they retreated without attempting the 
 reduction of the ^vork. 
 
 Throe miles from Fort Plain is a little hamlet called Palatine Church, 
 taking its name from a stone church built here in 1770, and which is still 
 standing. The funds for the purpose were chiefly contriljuted by the 
 Nellis family, who took the wrong side in the revolution, thus saving the 
 church from destruction when Johnson ravaged the valley. Still it was 
 fired upon, in pure wantonness, by the marauders, and one of the bullet- 
 holes still remains for the inspection of the curious. 
 
 St. Johnsville — about sixty-four miles from Albany, is the next sta- 
 tion, and quite an important one it is too; for the excellent eating-house 
 here is extensively patronized by passengers going both ways. The village, 
 which is named from the church of St. John, built in the township at an 
 early period, cont.ains about seven hundred inhabitants, and two or three 
 considerable manufactories. Like most of the settlements on the Mo- 
 hawk, St. Johnsville was a sutferer from the depredations of the Indians 
 and their tory confederates ; and for years after these wretches were 
 finally expelled from the valley, the wrongs the inhabitants had endured 
 still rankled in their minds, and the life of a tory who should have ven- 
 tured among them -sNOuld not have been worth a penny's purchase. 
 
 19 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 LITTLE WJ^1L.TL.S. ' 
 
 Little Falls is a neat looking village, of nearly six thonsand inlial)i- 
 tants, curiously built against the side of an A orujit acclivity, which rises 
 to the height of several hundred feet, overlooking the noisy rapids in the 
 Mohawk, from which the ^jlace takes its name. The mountain ridge, 
 through which the river has forced its way, is a pai't of the chain which 
 traverses the State from the Pennsylvania line to Lake Champlain, where 
 it unites with the Adirondacks. The Mohawk here leaps over rocks in 
 a turbulent cascade, making a descent of nearly fifty feet in half a mile. 
 The gorge in the mountain is about two hundred yards in width, and 
 through it passes the river, the canal and the Central Railroad, the cliffs 
 on either side towering to a suflfieient height to constitute a striking feat- 
 ure in a scene of romantic beauty. The extensive water power is made 
 available, most of the machinery of the multitudinous manufacturing 
 establishments, consisting of woollen and cotton factories, paper mills, 
 flour mills, planing and saw mills, machine sho2:»s and foundries, being 
 driven thereby. An attempt was made here to manufacture paper out 
 of wood, and so adroitly was the first experiment made, and so plausil^Iy 
 were the results stated by the ingenious inventor, that a number of capi- 
 talists were induced to invest money in the enterprise. But it proved a 
 failure. Fair paper was produced, represented to have been fabricated 
 from basswood, but careful observation led to the conclusion that some 
 material of longer fibre had been mixed with the wood, and the better 
 opinion now is, that no substance of a ligneous character can be advan- 
 tageously used in the manufacture. 
 
 Farming produce, in large quantities, is forwarded from this active 
 village, especially butter and cheese. Herkimer is the largest cheese 
 county in the State^ the fertile slopes of her hills affording the finest pas- 
 ture imaginable. Cheese equal to the most noted English kinds, is sent 
 to market from the county. 
 
 In the latter part of the last century, an English gentleman — EUice — 
 purchased the larger portion of the village lying on the northern side of 
 the river, and the property was held by his family until 1831. Regard- 
 ing his investment as an advantageous one, Mr. Ellice declined to sell, 
 and would onlv lease his lands, and the leases forbade the erection of 
 
 11 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 mills or stores. The inhal)itants became restiff under these onerous re- 
 strictions. They held mcetin.srs, conceived schemes for dispossessing the 
 owners of the property; and finally managed to procure a b'ill to be 
 introduced into the Legislature declaring the proprietor, as a nonresident 
 alien, incapable of receiving rents. The question Avas fully discussed by 
 able counsel, before a committee, but was finally rejected l)y the House 
 of Assembly. The owners, however, wei-c taught a wholesome lesson 
 by the proceeding, and immediately disposed of the whole property. 
 The purchasers sold some of the lots without the wat^r power, and it was 
 not until the water power became the property of a resident of the vil- 
 lage, in ISSf), that any decided improvement was effected in this great 
 source of prosperity to the place. 
 
 Hekkimku — eight miles west of Little Falls, is the shire toMTi of the 
 county. The settlement was originally called " Stone Ridge," but the 
 name was changed in honor of General Herkimer, who died from wounds 
 received in the disastrous battle of Oriskany, in 1777. Herkimer lies on 
 the banks of the Mohawk, and near West Canada Creek. The village 
 was incorporated in 1807, and contains the county buildings, a paper 
 mill and grist mill, and nearly three thousand inhabitants. 
 
 In the l)loody times which followed the outbreak of the Revolution, 
 when the Mohawk valley was the scene of many a horrible massacre, 
 Fort Dayton, erected before the Declaration of Independence, stood near 
 the centre of the village, and was the only refuge of the poor settlers from 
 the cruelty of the red fiends, who hunted them as the trapper hunts the 
 wild beast of the forest. 
 
 Imon — a place of about a thousand inhabitants, is the next station west 
 of Herkimer. The Erie Canal also passes through it, and thus it has 
 great advantages for the transit of goods and passengers in every direc- 
 tion. The principal feature of Ilion is a mammoth manufactory of arms, 
 belonging to E. Remington & Son. More than one half of the people of 
 the village are employed in the works. The Iniildings occupy an area 
 of two acres, and present a very striking appearance. The daily manu- 
 facture of arms is not less than one hundred rifles and one hundred and 
 fifty revolvers. A little exercise in arithmetic will satisfy one that these 
 works alone are capable of supplying a full regiment with rifles every 
 ten days, and a cavalry regiment with revolvers each succeeding week. 
 
 12 
 
RICHFIELD SPRINGS. 
 
 Take S.H^cs at Little Falls or He.ki.ner. Distance about 12 miles. 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 TJTICA.. 
 
 Utica, a handsome, thriving and prosperous city, the second in size in 
 all central New York, contains nearly twenty-five thousand inhabitants. 
 It shares with Rome the honor of the county seat of Oneida, each having 
 its court house, jail and county ofiSces. It is one of the most important 
 stations on the Central Railroad. Several stage routes converge to a 
 point — the Chenango Canal connects with the Erie, the Utica & Black 
 River Railroad, all conspiring to increase the business activity of Utica. 
 The surrounding country is rich in agricultural productions, the butter 
 and cheese of Oneida county being of the highest repute in the market. 
 
 The State Lunatic Asylum stands upon a fine farm on the western bor- 
 der of the city. The building is a spacious and costly structure, with 
 accommodations for four hundred patients. The institution is organized 
 and conducted with excellent judgment, every arrangement being made 
 to suit the different kinds and degrees of insanity requiring to be treated. 
 Gardens and shops are provided for those who are able to divert them- 
 selves by manual labor, and well chosen amusements are offered to pa- 
 tients whose malady is calculated to be improved by musical and theatri- 
 cal diversions. The statistics of the Asylum show that a large proportion 
 of the inmates have received essential benefit from the treatment and 
 discipline of the Institution. 
 
 The public schools of Utica are of an excellent character. The num- 
 ber of children attending them is about nine thousand. The district 
 libraries contain thirty-five hundred volumes. 
 
 Visitors to Trenton Falls take the Utica & Black River Rail-road cars 
 at this point. The distance is nearly twenty miles. These Falls, now a 
 place of great resort during the fashionable season, were scarcely known 
 to tourists or seekers of pleasure, until 1822, when an enterprising tavern- 
 keeper erected a house for the accommodation of visitors, near the bank 
 of the river, between the upper and lower fall. Although neither the 
 volume of water nor the height of the falls is of much account when com- 
 pared with the majestic Niagara, or even the Genesee Falls, at Roches- 
 ter, when the river is running " banks full," still the strange wildness of 
 the surrounding sceneiy, united with the picturesque character of the 
 stream, renders it a spot of extraoi-dinary attractiveness. 
 
 1^ 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 rom:e. 
 
 Rome is one of the largest and most prosperous villages in the State, 
 containing a population of about ten thousand. The first settlement ^vas 
 made here in 1755. It was called Fort Stanwix, from a fortification con- 
 structed by General Stanwix, three or four years afterward. This fort 
 was a formidable bastion, surrounded by a ditch and mounted with heavy 
 cannon. A line of defences against the French, extending from Albany 
 to Oswego, was built at an early day, and Fort Stanwix was one of the 
 number. After the " old French war," which terminated in the surren- 
 der of Canada to the Briti--h crown, this fort fell into decay from disuse; 
 but when the Revolution broke out, it was repaired and occupied by the 
 Americans, under the name of Fort Schuyler. In 1777 it was invested 
 by a considerable force, consisting of British and Indians, under General 
 St. Ledger; but as succor approached, he raised the siege and returned 
 to Canada. 
 
 CHiTTEKAxr.o — a pretty village of about a thousand inhabitants, sev- 
 eral woollen and other factories, and churches to match, thirty-seven 
 miles from Utica, and seventeen from Syracuse. The settlement lies on 
 the right bank of the Erie Canal, at the entrance to the narrow valley 
 through which the Chittenango Creek, the outlet of Cazenovia Lake, 
 makes its way to the great plain which extends from Syracuse to Rome. 
 About a mile from the village, near the eastern bank of the stream, the 
 famous sulphur springs of Chittenango are found. In their medicinal 
 properties they closely resemble the celebrated White Sulphur Springs 
 near Warrenton, Virginia. The best of testimony goes to show that 
 they possess wonderful healing powers, especially in cutaneous aflfections, 
 and diseases of the liver, stomach and bowels. In cases where the pa- 
 tient has a tendency to pulmonary affection, the waters, like all that 
 contain sulphuretted hydrogen gas, seem to have an injurious effect 
 
 The scenery in the neighborhood of the springs is picturesque and 
 beautiful to an extraordinary degi-ee ; and at no point cau the spectator 
 enjoy it more highly than from the spacious galleries of the principal 
 hotel. The southern view is exquisite. The fountain has been so artis- 
 tically arranged, where it leaves the rocky ridge, that the waters fall in 
 a glittering cascade, disappear, and again burst forth at the foot of a ter- 
 
 14 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, CHITTENANGO. 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 race in a beautiful jet^ and fill a spacious basin. Flowing from Ihis un- 
 derground, they again appear on the opposite side of the road, on the edge 
 of the Chittenango Creek, and there present a lovely picture as they leap 
 in mid air in several jets, and cover the rude heaps of stones around with 
 sparkling crystals, like a hoarfrost of December. A little further south 
 is a cottage, with rooms for recreation and refreshment. In a nook of 
 the cliff, full fifty feet above the fountain, and reached by a winding path- 
 way up the steep acclivity, is the gymnasium, shaded by birches and 
 maples and some lofty oalvs. In front of the house a bridge spans the 
 rapid curi'ent of the creek ; and in the noble grove across the stream are 
 four pleasant cottages belonging to the establishment, where families 
 reside during the season. 4 
 
 Here is the narrowest part of the valley ; and from an eminence on 
 the opposite side one of the most pleasing views in all that region may 
 be obtained, including Cazenovia and Oneida lakes. The valley termi- 
 nates about two miles above the springs, where the Chittenango falls 
 perpendicularly one hundred and forty feet, and forms, in harmony with 
 the deep gorge and other accessories, a scene of extraordinary beauty. 
 
 KiRKViLLE — a small village in Onondaga county, four miles from Chit- 
 tenango, is the next station. Most of the lands in this county were as- 
 signed by the State to her soldiers at the conclusion of the war of Inde- 
 pendence, and formed a portion of what was called the Military Tract. 
 The land was divided into twenty-eight townships of sixty thousand 
 acres each. This munificent benefaction amounted to one million si?: 
 hundred thousand acres, of which six hundred acres were allotted to 
 each soldier. These lands extended into eight counties, and thousands 
 of the acres are now covered with opulent cities, towns, and villages. 
 
 Manlius — two miles west of Kirkville, contains several mills and fac- 
 tories, and a thousand inhabitants. 
 
 SYRACUSE!. 
 
 Syracuse stands nearly equi-distant from Albany and Buffalo. It is 
 an enterprising and prosperous city, containing nearV .30.000 inhabi- 
 tants, and is chiefly distinguished for its very extensive salt works* 
 and no end of salt-boilers. It is one of the most important stations 
 on the Central road. The Syracuse <fc Binghamtoa road, and the 
 
 15 
 
TBAVELEES GUIDE. 
 
 Syracuse »fc Oswego, here connect Nvith the main trunk. Hero also the 
 old track, which runs to Rochester by the way of Auburn, Geneva 
 and Canandaigua, strikes the main line. Scarcely a train passes over 
 the Central from the West that does not receive a large accession of pas- 
 sengers at Syracuse; and the trains from the East drop about an equal 
 number here. 
 
 The great salt springs constitute the most interesting feature of Onon- 
 daga county, of which Syracuse is the chief town. The extensive marshes 
 bordering on Onondaga Lake are filled with brine which yields about 
 seventeen per cent of pure salt. In the early stage of the salt manufac- 
 ture most of the wells were sunk to the depth of about thirty feet ; but 
 on making experiments, it was ascertained that the bi-ine increased in 
 strength as the sinkings grew deeper, and now it is drawn from a depth 
 of 2.')0 to 300 feet Attempts have been made to obtain rock salt by bor- 
 ing upon the hills, but no traces of that mineral have ever been discov- 
 ered. Dilfcrent theories have been broached to account for the brine in 
 the marshes, but its cause or source has not Ijeen satisfactorily determined. 
 Perhaps the most ingenious notion is that which ascril^es it to the con- 
 stant dissolution of saline crystals supposed to reside in the shales that 
 form a thick bed in the bowels of the surrounding hills, and which in a 
 liijuid state penetrate the mar.sh, where it is held by the deep and thick 
 lloor of limestone which is known to underlie the surrounding region. 
 ConsideraT)le fanciful evidence has been adduced in support of thLs 
 theoiy ; and as no more plausiljle one has been started, we may as well 
 accept it as true. Practically, the origin of the brine is of the least pos- 
 sible consequence. There it is in great richness and abundance, and 
 salt now forms one of the most valuable productions of the State. Dur- 
 ing the year 1861, the enormous quantity of 7,200,371 bushels of salt 
 were manufactured, of which 1,884,097 bushels were by solar evapora- 
 tion. The State duties for that year were $72,000, and the expenses in- 
 curred by the State, in the same period, amounted to $-15,000. 
 
 'The first successful attempt by civilized man to extract salt from the 
 saline waters, was made in 1789. A couple of pioneers, who had settled 
 in Onondaga Hollow, a short distance south of the lake, having discov- 
 ered the saline flavor of the waters, hung a kettle upon poles fixed in the 
 earth, and boiling the brine for twelve hours, obtained thirteen bushels 
 
 16 
 
TBAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 of salt. Tho fame of the discovery spread slowly, anu five years later 
 there were only sixty-three inhabitants in the neighborhood. And it was 
 not until the Erie Canal was projected in 1817, that the salt boilers saw 
 their way through the almost insurmountable difficulties of transporting 
 such a bulky article as salt. When the canal was completed in 1825, the 
 salt business received a great impulse. And it has gone on increasing, 
 the increase of Syracuse proceeding in the same i-atio, until the manufac- 
 ture reaches nearly 30,000 bushels a day. 
 
 • There is a tradition that these salt springs were known to the French 
 before the middle of the seventeenth century; and it is known that a few 
 French families settled in the neighborhood of Onondaga Lake, about 
 IGGO, with the acquiescence of the Indians. But the red men soon be- 
 came jealous of their white neighbors, and the colonists only escaped 
 with their lives by stealing away from their homes in the night season. 
 A few years subsequently a second colony of Frenchmen planted them- 
 selves near the salt springs. They wore all slaughtered by the Indians, 
 under circumstances of an extraordinary natui-e. 
 
 The story is, that a party of Spaniards down the Mississippi, learned 
 from the Indians that something white and sparkling, much valued l)y 
 the whites, existed in limitless quantities in the country of the Ononda- 
 gas. .'The Indians, whether ignorantly or by design, does not appear, 
 deceived the Spaniards as to the character of the material in question. 
 They described the mineral as a glittering substance, with which the wa- 
 ter and the earth were both impregnated, and the Spaniards had no 
 doubt that it was silver. They engaged an Indian to conduct them to 
 the spot where the treasure was to be found. The Spaniards, twenty- 
 eight in number, elate with hope, wrought their way painfully up the 
 Mississippi to the mouth of the Ohio, ascended that stream to its source, 
 and finally landed from the Allegany at a point near where Olean now 
 'stands! After traversing upwards of 2,000 miles of land and water, they 
 reached the valley of the Onondagas, to find a salt deposit, instead of the 
 expected silver. Theav protracted and toilsome journey had been taken 
 in vain ; and tbeir disappointment taking V/:- form of rage, they quarrel- 
 led with the peaceful Frenchmen wl-o were living quietly in the valley. 
 Jhe wily Onondagas fell upor; tne combatants, and murdered lx)th par- 
 ties. »iumbering about- 2: fjundred souls. » 
 
 17 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 Cltdk — is a place of more note, being in fact a village second only to 
 Lyons, in the county of "Wayne. It is situate on the Clyde river, the 
 Erie canal running through its southern part The village is in the 
 township of Galen, so called from being a portion of the militaiy tract 
 assigned to the medical department of the Revolutionary army, as a re- 
 compense for its sufferings and sacrifices during the war. - At an early 
 day the Indian traders erected a rough building there for inirposes of 
 defence, and the location was originally termed " Block House." It was 
 used as a smuggling station l)y the tories, in the Revolution, and contra- 
 band goods were introduced there from Canada by way of Sodus Bay. 
 At the time of it.s incorporation, the village was called Lam-aville, from 
 Laura, Countess of Bath, daughter and heiress of Sir William Pulteney; 
 but William McNab, the agent of the great Hornby estate, changed it to 
 Clyde, in 1818. The population is about 2,000. There is a large capi- 
 tal employed in various kinds of manufacturing here. Glass, of excel- 
 lent quality, is made in Clyde. It has also two extensive distilleries, two 
 steam tlour mills, two steam saw mills, two furnaces and shops for the 
 manufacture of agricultural implements, two malt-houses, a tannery, and 
 other manufactories. The cause of religion is not neglected in Clyde, as 
 is seen by the six temples of divine worsliip which adorn the village. ' 
 
 The bottom lands of the Clyde, and alJto of Mud Creek and the outlet 
 of Caniuulaigua Lake, which unite and form the Clyde river, are distin- 
 guished for uncommon i)roductiveness. They are annually overflown, 
 and the vegetable sediment left by the flood keeps them constantly in a 
 fine fertile condition. Tobacco, of a good quality, is raised there with 
 signal success. Extensive fields of peppermint are noticeable on each 
 side of the road, during the summer season. The plant is grown for mak- 
 ing the essence, and is said to be one of the most remunerative crops that 
 can be cultivated. About one-third of all the peppermint raised in the 
 Ufiited States for medicinal purposes, is grown in this valley. 
 
 Wayne is rich in agricultural products, and horticultiu-e is one of the 
 favorite pursuits of the people. Apples, peaches and pears, are culti- 
 vated here in perfection. Wayne has derived greater benefits from the 
 construction of the Central Railroad than almost any other county in the 
 State. Her chief productions being of a perishable nature, transporta- 
 tion on the canal was too slow to be available. 
 
 18 
 
TRAVELER GUIDE. 
 
 Ltoxs, the capital of Wayne county, is a hundred and ninety-three 
 miles from Albany. It stands on the Erie canal, at the coKfluence of 
 Canandaigua outlet and Mud Creek, and contains about four thousand 
 inhabitants. It is one of the prettiest villages in the State, being orna- 
 mented by a large number of handsome edifices of difierent descriptions. 
 The court-house is a tasteful cut stone edifice, with a fine portico of the 
 Ionic order of architecture, and surmounted by a towering dome. There 
 are seven churches, some of them being of a neat style and well ccn- 
 Btrucfed; a union school house^ where nine hundred children are taught; 
 two banks; a great variety of stores; manufactories of different kinds, in- 
 cluding a furnace, a machine and agricultural implement shop, pottery, 
 brewery, fanning mill establishment, &c. 
 
 Lyons is one of the oldest towns in Western New York, a settlement 
 having been made on the site of the village as early as 1789. Three 
 men, with their families, numbering twelve persons in the aggregate, who 
 had previously settled on the Mohawk, and had become discontented 
 with their location, started west under the pilotage of an Indian trader, 
 who was an expert navigator of the river, and finally brought up in the 
 valley of the Clyde. The surrounding country was then an almost unbro- 
 ken wilderness, and these people lived there until 1794, when permanent 
 settlements were made on the river by Charles Williamson, the agent of 
 the Pulteney estate. Small accessions of inhabitants were made, however, 
 until after the close of the war of 1812, owing to the remoteness of the 
 situation, the unfriendly feeling of the Indians, and the unsettled state of 
 our relations with Great Britain. The general prosperity of the country 
 which followed the peace of 1814, was only partially shared by Lyons 
 and that portion of the State in which it is situate. And it was not until 
 the completion of the canal, some ten years later, that the centrul coun- 
 ties of the State began to fill up at a rapid rate. 
 
 Palmyra, twenty-three miles east of Rochester, is the last station in 
 Wayne county. The town contains upwards of four thousand inhabi- 
 tants. The population of the village is about twenty-five hundred. It 
 contains five churches, a union school where five hundred pupils are con- 
 
 19 
 
TRAVELER'S OUIBE. 
 
 etantly taught; a bank, and several considerable inanufaetories. Joseph 
 Smith, the father of the famous Mormon prophet, who was murdered at 
 Nauvoo, in Illinois, some fifteen years ago, settled near this village, in 
 1819. A short distance from the Palmyra line, on the side of a little 
 mound, in Manchester, Ontario county, the younger Joe pretended to 
 have discovered the plates of the famous Mormon Bible. And this was 
 the germ of the famous system of which Brigham Young is now the apos- 
 tle. The mormon Joe was a worthless vagabond and scamp from his 
 youth up. Although married to a reputable woman, he neglected his 
 family in the most flagrant manner, frequently absenting himself from 
 home for long periods, and leaving them without the necessaries of life, 
 lie was strolling exhorter among the Methodists at one time, and ac- 
 quired some notoriety as an extemporaneous speaker; but his tastes and 
 proclivities were all of the most debasing description; and the unl*ridled 
 license which is one of the principal features of mormon life, had its ori- 
 gin in the strong lusts of Joe Smith as much as in any other source. He 
 was a scoundrel of so deep a dye that he preferred defrauding his friends 
 and proselytes, rather than practice his rascality upon indifferent per- 
 Bons. He commenced his mormon schemes by mining Martin Harris, 
 his earliest convert to the pernicious heresy, and his whole career, until 
 his slaughter by the outraged people of Illinois, was an unmixed series of 
 villainies. 
 
 ROCHESTER. 
 
 Rochester is a modem town, having risen from a wilderness in less 
 than half a century. The first white child born in Rochester is sfill liv- 
 ing near by, in the prime of manhood. A population of fifty thousand 
 people now dwell about the cataracts of the Genesee, upon the spot 
 which the early settlers of the " Genesee Country " avoided because it 
 was swampy and unfavorable to health. Here the waters of the Genesee, 
 in their course northward from the Allegany hills, make their last leaps 
 ei-e they lose themselves in the bosom of Lake Ontario. There are four 
 distinct cataracts within a distance of two miles, the total fall being about 
 two hundred and fifty feet These waterfalls affording great facilities 
 for milling, deteraiined the location of the town, and despite the swamps 
 it was settled, and in a few years became as healthy and prosperous a 
 city as there is in the Union. 
 
 20 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 Rochester was a thriving village when the great Erie canal was con- 
 structed; but that stupendous work gave a new impetus to trade here as 
 elsewhere, and soon it became the greatest flour manufacturing town in 
 the world. The Erie canal divides the city near its business centre, and 
 crosses the Genesee by an aqueduct of cut stone, which cost the State 
 more than $600,000. The Genesee Valley canal, tributary to the Erie, 
 has its northern terminus here, its southern being at Olean, on the Alle- 
 gany river. 
 
 While Rochester was making gigantic strides in her career of prosper- 
 ity, and had already attained a population of more than thirty-five thou- 
 sand, the great line of railway between Albany and Buffalo, since con- 
 solidated, and known as the New York Central, was completed, thus 
 adding immensely to her facilities for trade and intercourse with the 
 world. At this point five sections of the Central converge, viz: lines to 
 Buffalo, to Niagara Falls, to Syracuse direct, to Syracuse by the way of 
 Auburn, and to Charlotte at the mouth of the Genesee. The Genesee 
 Valley R. R. extends from Rochester nineteen miles to Avon, there con- 
 necting with the Buffalo, N. Y. & Erie Railroad, giving the city railway 
 connection with Southern New Yoi-k. 
 
 Rochester has some lake trade. The Genesee is a fine harbor, and 
 navigable waters extend within the city limits, but the business of the 
 port is chiefly done at the mouth of the river, seven miles distant, acces- 
 sible by rail. 
 
 Manufacturing in Rochester is extensive, flour taking the lead. From 
 000,000 to 1.000,000 bbls. of flour are made here annually. Other 
 branches of manufacturing are prosperous. The mercantile business is 
 considerable, as a population of nearly half a million people are within 
 two hours travel by rail of the city. 
 
 Rochester has been not inaptly styled a city of foliage and flowers. 
 Ornamental trees are cultivated with care, and the growth of fruit trees 
 in the town and adjacent country is extensive. Here are the great nur- 
 series of the American continent. Thousands of acres within five miles 
 cf the centre of Rochester are devoted to the culture of fruit trees and 
 ornamental shrubs, and millions of trees are annually sent abroad to dis- 
 tant counties, States, and even to foreign countries. The annual product 
 of these nurseries is valued at $2,000,000. 
 
 21 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 ^ Situated in the centre of the most fertile region of New York State, sur- 
 rounded with a population of industrious and wealthy farmers, it is not 
 strange that Rochester is a flourishing city. The wealth that her citizens 
 have accumulated has not been hoarded, but has been lavishly bestowed, 
 so as to add to the beauty of the town and enhance the comfort of the 
 people. There are nearly thirty miles of improved streets — including 
 many finely paved with stone. There are twenty-five miles of excellent 
 sewerage; nearly one thousand street gas lamps, a dozen spacious parks, 
 four elegant bridges over the Genesee — including one of cut stone, cost- 
 ing nearly $100,000, upon which are fine blocks of brick stores; and 
 there are many handsome public buildings: the court house and city 
 hall cost $80,000. There are eighteen public school houses, some of 
 which cost $15,000 each; fifty churches, the best of which cost $70,000. 
 The University of Rochester, a popular college, is situated in the eastern 
 part of the city, near the Central railroad. The Western House of Ref- 
 uge, a State reform school for boys, is situated in the northern part of 
 the city, and the immense pile of buildings can be seen from the Roches- 
 ter & Niagara Falls Railroad. There are two large hospitals — one un- 
 der the management of the Sisters of Charity, the other a city institution. 
 
 A line of street railways, seventeen miles in length, is being con- 
 structed by a company, who will complete ten miles by the summer of 
 1863. 
 
 Mt. Hope Cemetery, in the south part of Rochester, two miles from the 
 Central Railroad, is an object of local pride, and is visited annually l)y 
 thousands of strangers. The cemetery contains about one hundred acres 
 of hill and dale, thickly studded with forest trees, and beautified by the 
 expenditure of many thousands in making its winding paths, towering 
 monuments, massive tombs and grassy mounds, pleasing to the eye and 
 becoming to the " City of the Dead." Mt. Hope has not received that 
 lavish expenditure of wealth bestowed upon Mt. Auburn or Greenwood' 
 but in natural advantages it vastly excels both. 
 
 , " The traveler who crosses Rochester by the Central Railroad, has but a 
 faint idea of the town, for he sees but little of it, and that by no means 
 the most attractive part To appreciate the beauties of Rochester one 
 must drive through its broad and shady avenues, stroll in its parks, gaze 
 upon its waterfalls, enter its elegart T>ublic and private buildings. 
 
 22 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 We must devote a little more space to Batavia, for various reasons. It 
 is the chief town in Genesee county, as it formerly was of the whole 
 Genesee district, always celebrated for its fine wheat. Batavia is a flour- 
 ishing and very handsome village, of nearly three thousand inhahitants. 
 Its principal streets are built up with neat, tasteful, and in many cases, 
 elegant houses, surrounded with trees and shrul)heiy. The main street 
 is one of the handsomest avenues to be found in any village in Western 
 New York. It is broad, straight, with double rows of trees, and forms 
 one of the finest drives imaginable. The village, with the surrounding 
 country, was settled in 1798, by Joseph Ellicott, Benjamin Ellicott, 
 James Brisbane, J. W. Stevens, and others, acting as agents or em- 
 ployees of the Holland Land Company, the owners of the soil. 
 
 In 1780, or thereabouts, Robert Morris, of Philadelphia, bought of the 
 State of Massachusetts that part of the State of New York lying west of 
 the Genesee River, containing four millions of acres. He purchased it 
 at eleven cents an acre. Soon after Morris sent his son to Holland, who 
 sold the land to a company for thirty-seven and a-half cents per acre. 
 This company established an agency at Philadelphia, and a sub-agency 
 at Batavia, with Joseph Ellicott at the head. They sold the land at from 
 two to five dollars per acre. 
 
 The pioneers of this new country, densely covered with forests, were 
 mostly from the New England States, hardy, intelligent and adventurous 
 men. The early settlement was one of great activity, enterprise, hard- 
 ship and indomitable will and perseverance. 
 
 Before the constniction of the Erie canal, and the payment of debt on 
 the land, the country progressed and improved slowly. Wheat often 
 sold at twenty-five cents a bushel, and the cash capital of the people was 
 sent aln-oad. Since the building of the canal and the railroads, every- 
 thing has changed. Some events have transpired in the now quiet town 
 of Batavia, which may entitle it to a historical remembrance. It was 
 here that the first meeting to advocate the construction of the Erie canal 
 was held. This was in 1809. James Brisbane was chairman of the 
 meeting. The war of 1812 put a stop to the agitation of the sulyect; but 
 it was renewed soon after peace was proclaimed in 1815. Joseph Elli- 
 
 23 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 cott, who hud early advocated its construction, made some most able re- 
 ports on its practicability. These reports did more than any other single 
 act to determine its commencement. He convinced the leading men 
 connected with the Government of the State that the project was feasible. 
 He was a man of genius and power, and deserves to be remembered. 
 
 Another event — of less importance, but which made a great noise at 
 the time — was the abduction of Mougan, who published a work divulg- 
 ing the secrets of Freema.somy. Jlorgan came to Batavia to write and 
 piint his work. He made no secret of his intention, and soon an excite- 
 ment began to be aroused in the community. A friend to whom we are 
 indebted for these details, happened to be a witness of one of the acts of 
 the drama. Coming down the principal street from an early breakfast, 
 be saw a stage driving rapidly east with a few men in it; this was a con- 
 stant occurrence, and attracted no attention. As he approached the 
 Stage House, then k('i)t by Hinman Holden, he observed a respectable 
 citizen of the place, George W. Harris, gesticulating and vociferating 
 violently. He soon learned that the stagecoach contained Morgan; that 
 some individuals of Canandaigua, among the first citizens of the town, 
 had come with a writ to arrest him for a dolit of a few dollars there owed, 
 and take him to that place for trial. Imprisonment for debt had not then 
 been abolished. Morgan Avas lodged in the Canandaigua jail, whence he 
 was taken in the night. Since that night, his fate has remained unknown; 
 he has ncvov re-appeared or been heard of. Persons of veracity, claim 
 to know that he was taken to Fort Niagara, at the mouth of the Niagara 
 River, and there executed. It is a curious fact, that the men designated 
 as the actors in this tragedy, all came to their end by violent deaths. 
 
 The publication of the work continued; James W. Miller was the prin- 
 ter; his office was set on fire, wc lielieve more than once, but the flames 
 were extinguished. His office was in the second story; a small cannon 
 was placed o])i»osite the entrance, loaded to the muzzle, and the intrepid 
 sons of Miller declared that its contents should be emptied upon those of 
 the mob that first entered. A civil war on a small scale arose; men 
 armed with clubs, etc., met in numbers near the town for the purpose of 
 attacking and demolishing Miller's office; the citizens organized and 
 were prepared to receive them. The town was kept in a commotion un- 
 til the book was out; then direct violence ceased. 
 
 24 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 "We have now followed the main, direct line of the road, from Albany 
 to Buffalo, its western terminus. Many streams of travel and business of 
 all kinds, converge into a single current at this point, and this cun-ent 
 flows almost exclusively over the rails of the Central. Of course we ex- 
 clude the heavy freight which seeks a market through that magnificent 
 channel of commerce, the Erie canal, during the season of navigation. 
 Every avenue of trade is crowded, and the business which the Central is 
 unable to transact, fills the others for a portion of the year. The accom- 
 modations of the road, both in respect to passengers and freight, are 
 ample and complete. The main line, entering the city from the east, 
 terminates in a capacious and admirably arranged depot; which, how- 
 ever, is in no respect superior to that in the western part of the town 
 where the track mnning to Niagara Falls commences. 
 
 The history of the great cities of the old world, except in later years, 
 can alone be traced by the dim light of tradition, and their origin is for 
 the Host part buried in fable In our own country, the history of cities 
 is more readily traced, for being of recent origin and growing up during 
 a period when the incidents of their history were written down l)y cotem- 
 porary chroniclers, there is little to be found which is important, that 
 cannot be verified by the record. 
 
 We design to sketch briefly the history of the city of Buffalo, one of 
 the wonderful developments of our time and country, as well for the 
 amusement of the reader as to illustrate the growth and commercial im- 
 portance of the place. 
 
 We shall not undertake to state from what source the city derives its 
 name for that has been the subject of great debate, and nothing entirely 
 satisfiictory has been presented in favor of either theory. Among the 
 distinguished names which grace the discussion is that of Ex-President 
 Fillmore, who referred to the matter at some length in his discourse 
 before the " Buffalo Historical Society." The city of Buffalo is situated 
 in the county of Erie and State of New York, at the eastern extremity of 
 Lake Erie. There is no well authenticated notice of the place earlier 
 than 1795, when the site of the present city was visited by a French tra- 
 veler, who speaks of it as a settlement of a few houses, under the name 
 
 25 
 
TRAVELEES GUIDE. 
 
 of Lake Eric. In the same yeai-, the late Judge Porter, of Niagara Falls, 
 who has writtt!n for the Young Men's Association of the city an interest- 
 ing narrative of his i)ioncer visit to Buffalo Creek, speaks of the settle- 
 ment as containing four or five families, approached from the village of 
 Avon by means of an Indian trail, and the only house on that was about 
 ten miles east of the present village of Le Roy. 
 
 After (ho Holland Land Conqjany had hecomo the owners of the tract 
 of land known as the *• Holland Purchase," their liberal system of sales, 
 and the advantageous terms otfcrcd to settlers, induced a large immigra- 
 tion, and in l^'Ol, the company laid out the village of New Amsterdam, 
 upon the site of the present city. There was nothing, however, in the 
 advantages of the location, or in the time, which fostered a rapid growth 
 of the new village, and its progress was retarded by the fact that new 
 lands and bettor, could be obtained nearer the cities of the eastern part 
 of the State, and a country better inhal>ited, and in the long and weary 
 route which travelers were obliged to take in order to reach Lake Erie. 
 There was no commerce upon the lakes, lying undisturbed in their native 
 silence and majesty, which was not monopolized by the neighboring vil- 
 lage of Black Rock, which by means of its more favorable natural posi- 
 tion, became from the first a formidable rival of Buffalo. 
 
 In 1808, the immigration into the West from the East, had become so 
 large that the county of Niagara was organized by the Legislature. The 
 villagers, elated by the growth of the place, and the prospect for the fu- 
 ture, which had become more flattering, changed the name New Amster- 
 dam to that of Buffalo. The business of the village steadily increased; 
 new traders came to the place; stores were built, shops opened, and the 
 commerce of the lakes had its origin in the few vessels that were loaded 
 or were discharged of their cargoes at '• Bird Island," in the Niagara river, 
 on which there was a rude store house. That island has now disappeared 
 from the surface of the river, but forms a part of the western terminus of 
 the pier running to Squaw Island. 
 
 On the 30th day of December, 1813, a large force of British troops, 
 with Indian auxiliaries, crossed the river at Black Rock, took possession 
 of the village of Buffalo, and burnt it, despite the resistance of the inhab- 
 itants. But two dwellings were left unconsumed, one of which now forms 
 the rear part of a store. No. 360 Main street. It was then the rcs'.dence 
 
 26 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 of Margaret St. John. The Inhabitants were driven in mid winter from 
 their homes; some of them were cai)tiired, and the remainder found shel- 
 ter in the adjoining villages. The re-building of the place was not com- 
 menced until 1815. 
 
 In May, 1816, a new charter was passed, and the first election of Trus- 
 tees was immediately held. The first tax imposed in the village, was by 
 vote of the Trustees, on the 11th day of November, 1816, and amounted 
 to fourteen hundred dollars. In 1817, the taxable property of the village 
 was valued at about $134,000. The year 1822 is distinguished in the 
 annals of the city for the re-enactment of the village charter, and the 
 adoption of a corporate seal, and the first corporate notice of the Harbor 
 of Buft'alo. The seal was changed in July, 1826, and the device, a ship 
 or vessel, a section of the canal, a canal boat and horses drawing the 
 same; and around the periphery or the circle, the words " corporate seal," 
 and at the bottom, '' Bufiflilo," was afterwards adopted by the common 
 council, and is now the seal of the city of Buffalo. 
 
 In the year 1822, the new village was languishing and the inhabitants 
 were about to despair of success, when the eff'ectual prosecution of the 
 Erie canal revived their hopes and gave a new impulse to their energies. 
 Buffalo owes its early growth and prosperity to this great pul)lic work> 
 and we wish it were possible for us to introduce into our sketch the his- 
 tory of the struggle which was for a long period carried on befrvveen the 
 rival villages of Black Rock and Buffalo, upon the question of the west- 
 ern terminus of the canal; and we should be glad also to sketch the 
 character of the leading gentlemen who represented the rival places. 
 The limits permitted to us in this paper, do not allow that, and it must 
 be reserved for the future historian of Buffalo to narrate that controversy. 
 
 In 1822 the village of Buffalo contained between four and five hun- 
 dred buildings, and the census of January of that year states the num- 
 ber of its inhabitants at two thousand four hundred and twelve ; and the 
 village of Black Rock contained one thousand and thirty-nine inha1>- 
 itants. 
 
 The dispute between the villages ended in the selection of Buffalo as 
 the western terminus of the canal, and from that time her prosperity has 
 been certain, increasing every year, until it has attained its present great 
 sLse and commercial importance. In 1824-5, the shipping belonging to 
 
 27 
 
the port of Buffalo was upwards of one thousand and fifty tons, consist- 
 ing of one steamboat, the Superior, of three hundred and forty-six tons 
 hurthen; one hrig, eight schooners, one sloop, and four transportation 
 l)oats, averaging over twenty-five tons each. There were about sixty 
 sail owned upon Lake Erie, forty-two of which entered Buffalo in 1824; 
 and there were that season two hundred and eighty-six arrivals, and as 
 many clearances. - The Superior ran between Buffalo and Detroit every 
 eight or nine days. The first steamboat on the lake was the Walk-in-the- 
 AVater, built at Black Rock in 1822, and was soon afterwards wrecked in 
 the bay above the lighthouse, during a heavy gale. It would require a 
 volume to give a history of the commerce of BuiTalo, from the humble 
 lu'ginning to which we have referred, through the years of its growth, 
 until now, when it requires millions of tons to transport its burtliens, and 
 thousands of active men to conduct it successfully. Its demands upon 
 our harl)or room made it necessary in the year 1847, to take measures 
 for its enlargement, which resulted, ultimately, though not immediately, 
 in the construction of the Ohio and Erie Basins, and the Main and Ham- 
 burgh street canal. In addition to those, the Blackwell has been built 
 and completed; and all of them do not yet afford adequate room for our 
 growing commerce. Railroads have changed the character of the lake 
 commerce. The old fashioned side wheel steamboat has been driven 
 from the lakes, for the most part, and in their place, more as carriera of 
 burthen than of passengers, though fitted for both, we have the propel- 
 ler, and the sail vessel, which comprises brigantines, barques, and schoon- 
 ers of a size large enough to have been the ocean going marine of the 
 last centuiy. Not a few of them have visited Europe, freighted with 
 grain, and returned with cargoes assorted for markets on the lakes. In 
 1846, there were in commission on the upper lakes, sixty-four steam- 
 boats, and only twenty-one propellers; while in 18C1, the register of 
 Buffalo showed only nine steamboats, (of which five were ferry boaf.s, 
 and four were laid iip) while the list of propellers owned in Buffalo was 
 forty-eight in number. Nearly all the shipping of the upper lakes is 
 tributary to Buffalo, of which in 1861 there were eleven hundred and 
 eighty-six vessels, comprising all descriptions of lake going craft In- 
 stead of the old and laborious system of unloading grain vessels by man- 
 ual labor, there are now about twenty elevators upon Btiffalo harbor, at 
 
 28 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 any one of which a vessel may be discharged of her cargo on the day of 
 her arrival, and despatched upon another voyage. 
 
 * Railroads enter the city from the east and from the west, while the 
 Lake Huron railroad runs through Western Canada, crossing the Niag- 
 ara by means of a steam bridge, brings its cars and freight directly into 
 the heart of the city. 
 
 No city in the land is so proudly situated, being on high ground, slop- 
 ing gently to the lake, affording an opportunity for drainage, which has 
 been seized upon and improved. Probably there is not a city of its size 
 more thoroughly well drained. 
 
 Thia notice, at best desultory and imperfect, must be brought to a 
 close. The city which it attempts to describe, is now growing greater 
 under the influence of the propitious and fostering commerce which has 
 made it the greatest grain port in the world. Under the influence of this 
 commerce, and the success of the manufacturing interest which is rapidly 
 increasing, Buffalo is destined to occupy a most important and influential 
 position among the cities of the North, as she now does among her sister 
 cities in the State of New York. The country immediately around the 
 city is rapidly growing better under the hand of the agriculturist. 
 
 We have now followed the main line of the road from Albany to Buf- 
 falo. Our next movement is down the line to Niagara Falls, and thence 
 to Lewiston. We shall then return to the eastern extremity of the Cen- 
 tral, in order to traverse the several branches, beginning with the track 
 from Troy to Schenectady. 
 
 The region of country lying along the Niagara river, the most remark- 
 able stream of water in the world, although its length is not more than 
 thirty miles, has been the scene of more stirring events during the last 
 hundred years, than any other of the same extent in Western New York. 
 We can only glance at a few of them, in following the railroad from Buf- 
 falo to Lewiston, at the head of navigation of Lake Ontario. Many re- 
 markable features of the river are visible from the cars, which with the 
 wild and romantic scenery on its banks, conspire to render the ride one 
 of the most interesting that can be imagined. 
 
 Proceeding down the road about two miles, we come to Black Rock 
 
 29. 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 Ferry, a station where passengers bound for Canada leave the cars. 
 Black Rock, formerly a village of some note, was included in the city 
 limits of Buffalo about ten years ago. A mile below the Ferry, the road 
 crosses a sluggish stream known as " Sca-ja-quad-dy Creek." . This 
 stream runs through what was formerly the lower village of Black Rock, 
 and enters the Niagara river near the foot of Squaw Island. During the 
 war of 1812, it became quite noted as being the place where the largest 
 number of the vessels composing Com. Perry's fleet were fitted out, and 
 for an important battle fought near its mouth in 1814. Soon after the 
 declaration of war in 1812, the British having a naval force and the com- 
 mand of Lake Erie, the few American vessels then upon the lake had to 
 retire. ' Some four or five of them ran into this creek as their only place 
 of safety. During the fall of 1812, they were purchased by the Govern- 
 ment, and in the following winter were fitted for war puri)oscs. In Oc- 
 tober of that year, a party of seamen in boats, under the command of Lt. 
 Elliot, crossed over the foot of the lake from Buffalo creek to Fort Erie, 
 surprised and captured the brigs " Adams " and " Caledonia." The for- 
 mer was an American vessel Avhich hud been surrendered by General 
 Hull at Detroit, in August. The day before her capture by Lieut. Elliot, 
 she had arrived from Detroit with a few American ])ri.soncrs on board; 
 the other was a British .vessel, with a full cargo of furs and peltries. 
 
 After the capture, the night being dark, in taking the vessels down the 
 river, the Adams run aground on the outer side of, and near the head of 
 Squaw Island. Here the American party left her, and in a short time 
 she. was again in possession of a British force; they were soon driven off, 
 and finding it impossible to get afloat, she was destroyed. The Caledo- 
 nia and her cargo of furs were saved. This vessel was added to the 
 others in the creek, and fitted out as a war vessel. To protect these ves- 
 sels while fitting out, a large battery, called the " sailors' battery," and a 
 strong wooden block house, were constructed on the rise of ground quite 
 close to the present iron works. 
 
 In the spring of 1S13, on the 27th of May, Fort George, at the mouth 
 of the Niagara river, was captured, and a few days afterwards Col. Pres- 
 ton passed o^'er the liver from Black Rock, and took possession of Fort 
 Erie. This enabled the vessels, five in number in this creek, to pass into 
 the Niagara river, where, after waiting a few days, a fair wind took 
 
 30 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 them up the rapids into the lake and on to Erie, where they joined Com. 
 Perry, who, with the aid of these vessels, fought the celebrated battle of 
 Lake Erie, on the 10th of September following. 
 
 In July, 1813, a party of British troops, nearly three hundred in num- 
 ber, crossed over the Niagara river and landed on the American shore 
 below the foot of Sqaaw Island. They soon passed the bridge over this 
 creek and got possession of the block house, which they burned. Find- 
 ing nothing to obstruct them, they passed on and captured the village of 
 Black Rock, and then proceeded on their way towards Buffalo, as far as 
 the high ground where the horse railroad stables now stand. Here they 
 came to a halt. They were soon after attacked by a small force hastily 
 collected, composed of about one hundred regular soldiers, thirty Indians, 
 and a company of militia from Buffalo ; after a short but spirited contest, 
 the British were defeated, their commander, Col. Bishop, wounded, Capt. 
 Saunders taken prisoner, with a further loss of killed and wounded. 
 
 In the month of August, 1814, while the American army was shut up 
 in Fort Erie, and closely besieged by General Drummoud, their supplies 
 of ammunition, provisions and forage were drawn from the depot at Buf- 
 falo, where were also the hospitals for the sick and wounded of our army. 
 From this depot daily supplies were sent to Fort Erie in boats, which 
 had to pass under the fire of British batteries to reach that place. Gen. 
 Drummond being aware of this fact, conceived a project to break up this 
 depot, deprive our army of its supplies, and thus compel them to surren- 
 der. With the view of carrying the project into operation and accom- 
 plishing his purpose, Col. Tucker, with about twelve hundred highly dis- 
 ciplined troops, were thrown across the river on the American shore, a 
 little before daylight on the morning of the 5th of August, aljout half a 
 mile below this creek. The Biitish expedition did not expect to encoun- 
 ter much, if any, opposition in their march to Buffalo, which they knew 
 was quite unguarded, there not being two hundred and fifty soldiers in 
 the place. They anticipated an easy capture of Buffalo, the complete 
 destruction of our army supplies, and the hospitals containing our sick 
 and wounded soldiers. 
 
 But quite unexpected to them, and most fortunate for us, a small bat- 
 talion of riflemen, about two hundred and fifty in number, under the 
 aommand of Major Lodowick Morgan, arrived from Sacketts Harbor only 
 
 31 
 
a day or two before the British expedition hmded on the xVmerican side 
 of the river. Major Morgan, with his command, was stationed on this 
 creek, the hirgcr portion of them near where the present bridge now 
 crosses it. He being early apprised of the landing of the enemy below 
 him, got his command together not far from the bridge, many of the 
 planks of which he caused to be removed. A considerable quantity of 
 large hewn timber had been collected at this place for the construction 
 of another block house on the spot where the one burned down the year 
 before by the British, formerly stood. Hastily piling two or three pieces 
 of this timber on the top of each other, behind wnich he sheltered his 
 men, and within short rifle shot of the bridge. All the preparation he 
 was enabled to make was done in a very short time, and he quietly 
 awaited the approach of the enemy. The British marched up the river 
 and came in sight of the bridge, and seeing only a feeble force to defend 
 it, made a rapid dash to cross; but after getting upon the bridge, they 
 found to their surprise that the jilanks on the opposite end had been re- 
 moved, and nothing left for them to cross upon but the string pieces. No- 
 wise daunted at the appearance of things, they dashed ahead and saw the 
 string pieces were covered with men. At this mom.ent Morgan opened 
 upon them a most destructive fire, from which almost every man exposed 
 on the string pieces was shot down, and fell into the creek. This severe 
 check caused the enemy to retire; but being confident of their ability to 
 pass the bridge, they made several other attempts, Init with no l)etter 
 success, being each time driven back with a loss of many men killed and 
 wounded; they finally gave up the attempt to cross. Fn willing, how- 
 ever, to give up the great purpose of the expedition, the destiiiction of 
 our depot of supplies at Buffalo, they retired from the bridge to the 
 higher ground in their rear, and commenced fighting across the creek. 
 After a severe struggle of about three hours' duration, the enemy with- 
 drew entirely and re-crossed to Canada, having suffered sevci'ely in killed 
 and wounded. Major Morgan personally escaped uninjured, several of 
 his ofiicers were wounded, some very severely; he lost a few men killed, 
 and a number wounded. Although Major Morgan escaped uninjured in 
 this close, fierce and protracted encounter, in one week after, in a picket 
 fight behind Foi't Erie, he was shot in the head and expired immediately, 
 and was the only man in his command injured. 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 The results of the victory of Morgaa over Tucker, were many and of 
 the highest importance. It saved the depot of army supplies at Buffalo; 
 it preserved the means of supplying our army, sorely beset in Fort Erie; 
 it gave time for a large militia force to assemble at Buffalo, from which a 
 great number volunteered to go to the relief of General Brown and his 
 army at Fort Erie. The assistance furnished to General Brown by this 
 voluntary force, placed him in a condition to act on the offensive. On 
 the 17th September he made his brilliant sortie — the result of which was 
 the destruction of the enemy's batteries, block houses, cannon, aud kill- 
 ing, wounding and capturing a large portion of the troops employed in 
 the trenches. In a few days after. General Drummond broke up his in- 
 vestment of Fort Erie (which had continued from the 28th of July) and 
 retired upon his works at Chippewa. About this time General Izard 
 arrived with four or five thousand regular troops, and relieved General 
 Brown in the command of the army. General Izard soon followed Gen. 
 Drammond to Chippewa. A brigade from General Izard's army, under 
 the command of Brig. Gen. Bissell, had an encounter with about an equal 
 force of the enemy, under the Marquis of Tweedale, on the 18th of Octo- 
 ber, at Lyons' creek, a few miles up the Chippewa or Welland river. 
 Tliis action closed all the fighting on the Niagara frontier. General 
 Drummond retired from Chippewa, and General Izard fell back to Fort 
 Erie. On the 5th of November, General Izard blew up the works of 
 Fort Erie, and they yet remain very much in the condition he left them 
 forty-eight years ago, and retired with his army to the American side of 
 the river. A treaty of peace between the United States and Great Bri- 
 tain, was signed at Ghent on the 24th of December, 1814, and officially 
 announced at Buffalo about the middle of February, 1815. 
 
 ToxA WANDA — is the principal station on the line between Buffalo and 
 the Falls. It is a village of about twenty-five hundred inhabitants, stand- 
 ing on the Niagara river, with the Erie canal and Tonawanda creek run- 
 ning through its centre. The Canandaigua & Niagara Falls Railroad 
 unites with the Central at this point. The manufactories of the place arc 
 quite extensive, and a large amount of lumJier, principally obtained in 
 Canada, is shipped for the East here. Tonawanda is about half way 
 from Buffalo to the Falls. A few years ago, a considerable impulse was 
 given to the business and general prosperity of the village by a company 
 
 33 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 formed in Cleveland, with tl:e intent of making it a depot for grain and 
 other agricultural jinjducts brought down the lake. The object was to 
 avoid the payment of about twelve miles of toll on the canal. Ware- 
 houses and an elevator were built, and for two or three seasons a large 
 number of ve.ssels came here to unload. But trade soon began to lan- 
 guish, the superior advantages of Buffalo more than compensating for 
 the amount of toll sav(;d, and now the village is nearly at a stand still. 
 
 Opposite to Tonawanda, on Grand Island, is the site of the famous 
 Jewish city, founded some thirty years ago, under the auspices of M. M. 
 Noah, of New York. The monument erected by Noah, and bearing an 
 inscription in the Hebrew langtuige, was standing after the Buffalo & 
 Niagara Falls Railroad was constructed. But it has cmimblcd to 
 the ground, as have the extensive mills built in the vicinity l>y the East 
 Boston Timber Company. There was a flourishing .settlement at this 
 place known as White Haven, built when this company was in a pros- 
 perous state; but few traces of either enterprise now remain. 
 
 La R.ii.LE — six miles further down the river, the only station before 
 you reach the P'all.s, is in Niagara county, on " Cayuga Creek," which 
 was formerly the name of tlie place. It was changed to La Salle, in 
 honor of the famous French traveler, who visited this region nearly two 
 centuries ago. The first vessel that navigated Lake Erie was built here 
 in 1678, under the direction of La Salle and Father Hennepin, a French 
 Jesuit. The craft was of sixty tons burthen. She was tovrcd up the 
 river with much difficulty, the rapids opposite Black Rock being an ob- 
 stacle hard to overcome. She entered Lake Erie on the 7th of August, 
 1679, when Te Deum was celebrated and other interesting ceremonies 
 performed. The first voyage of '• Le Griffon," as the ve.'^.sel was called, 
 had a two-fold object: she carried a company of enteqjrising hunters, 
 who sought the forests beyond the lakes for the rich furs known to abound 
 there; and she also bore La Salle, who burned with a desire to test his 
 theory that the Mississippi had a navigable connection with the lakes. 
 !• ather Hennepin, supposed to have been the first white man that ever 
 looked upon the far-famed Falls of Niagara, was a passenger. The ves- 
 sel reached Green Bay in safety; and after loading with furs and peltries, 
 sailed on her return voyage. She was never again heard from, having 
 undoubtedly perished with crew and cargo. Father Hennepin followed 
 
 34 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 X 
 
 the Mississippi down to St. Louis, constantly engaged in missionaiy 
 labors. We are not aware of the j^recise extent of La Salle's explora- 
 tions. His idea was that a vessel might sail from the Gulf of Mexico to 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence, barring the slight obstructions in the Niagara 
 river — a ■Voyage now feasible enough, the Fox river improvement, the 
 Welland canal, and the Lachine canal having removed all dififtculties. 
 This inland voyage is between 3,000 and 4,000 miles in length. 
 
 ISTJ^-V^ ISLAND A.-N1D SCHLOSSER. 
 
 On the bank of the river, about a mile below La Salle, stand the re- 
 mains of an old wooden warehouse, on a dilapidated wharf. Unpretend- 
 ing as it is in appearance, and unattractive as it may be to the passing 
 traveler, it has a history not altogether devoid of interest On this spot 
 events have occurred within the last twenty-five years, which endangered 
 the peace of the countrj^, and came near involving the United States and 
 Great Britain in war. In fact, peace hung on a single thread on two dif- 
 ferent occasions, and nothing but disobedience of positive orders pre- 
 vented an open rupture between the tn'o countries. The first was in 
 November, 1837, when a couple of armed British schooners, lying off 
 Black Rock, had orders to fire upon the small steamboat Barcelona, ex- 
 pected up the river from Navy Island. This boat the British authorities 
 had reason to suppose was in the service of the sympathizers with the 
 rebels, then encamped on the island. The schooners were under the 
 command of Capt. Drew, of the Royal Navy, and he had peremptory or- 
 ders to sink the Barcelona, if she attempted to pass up the river. Gen. 
 Scott, meanwhile, had placed a battery on the bluff near where the re- 
 doubt now stands, commanding the river for half a mile above and below 
 the anchorage ground of the schooners, communicating to Capt. Drew his 
 determination to sink them the moment he fired upon the Barcelona. He 
 could have sent them to the bottom by a single discharge, beyond all 
 question. This state of things soon became known in Buffalo, and a large 
 number of persons had collected on the bluff" to witness the same. Gen. 
 Scott was in blood earnest, as every body saw, and the character of the 
 orders to Drew were known. At length the Barcelona hove in eight, 
 steaming slowly up against the powerful current of the Niagara. The 
 crews of the schooners were sent to quarters, the guns loaded and run 
 
 35 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 out, ready to open upon her. The giuis of Scott's battery were aimed at 
 the hostile vessels, only waiting for the smoke of the discharge of their 
 broadsides to commence the work of destniction. It was a moment of 
 breathless suspense. A single gun fired at the Barcelona would cer- 
 tainly have precipitated a bloody war. The encouragement tvhich law- 
 less persons on this side of the line had given to the i-ebels in Canada, 
 had produced much bad feeling, both in the provinces and in the mother 
 country. It was alleged, falsely as we now know, that our Government 
 had not used proper exertions to prevent American citizens from aiding 
 the rebellion, and Ministers were prepared to vindicate the honor of the 
 Crown, at all hazards. But the Barcelona passed on unharmed. Drew 
 took the responsibility of disobeying orders, and peace was preserved. 
 
 The other instance will be duly noticed in its proper place. 
 
 The rebellion in Canada, known as the Patriot War, is well known in 
 the history of the couutiy. Political troubles in the Provinces, which 
 had been increasing in violence for a number of years, culminated in the 
 fall of 1837, in an attempt at revolution and separation from the British 
 Crown. The revolutionists, being aware that the Government had no 
 troops in the Upper Province, availed themselves of this favorable cir- 
 cumstance to raise the standard of revolt. Emissaries in large numbers 
 were sent to the American side of the river, and scattered along the en- 
 tire frontier, from Ogdensburgh to Detroit, who earnestly appealed to our 
 citizens for assistance, physically, and in any other form in which they 
 could give it, in perfecting the freedom and independence of Canada. 
 The appeal was made at a time most propitious to the designs of the Ca- 
 nadians. The large number of men employed on our lakes and canals, 
 then just closed, and a long winter of idleness approaching; the multi- 
 tude of others in our frontier cities who have no regular employment, 
 were proper material to act upon, and became ready listeners to repre- 
 sentations in behalf of freedom and independence to a country struggling 
 for both. These appeals were of a character to arouse a strong sympa- 
 thetic feeling; and the whole frontier was animated by a spurious patri- 
 otic furor. Men in large numbers volunteered to join the rebels — patriots 
 as they called themselves — money, provisions, arms and ammunition, 
 were freely given; and expeditions were fitted out and Canada invaded 
 at several dift'erent poinfa. Among these places Navy Island was selected 
 
 36 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 as an eligible field of operations. This island lies in the Niagara river, 
 not much more than a mile above the Falls. It was invaded early in 
 December, under the military direction of Gen. Van Rensselaer, assisted 
 by many of the leaders of the rebellion, who had escaped frem Canada. 
 
 The old warehouse before mentioned, lies directly opposite Navy Island, 
 and was used as a place of deposit for the supplies contributed by our 
 people, which supplies were conveyed to the island for a considerable 
 time in open boats; but late in December they obtained a steamboat 
 called the Caroline, which greatly facilitated communication between the 
 two places. The largest number of men collected on Navy Island at any 
 time, Avas not more than seven or eight hundred ; with a few pieces of 
 cannon. They remained on the island over two months, and were finally 
 removed through the agency of the Government of the United States. 
 Immediately on the occupation of the island by the rebels, the authori- 
 ties of Canada gathered a large force of militia opposite to the place, and 
 frequent firing of cannon took place, without much injury to either side. 
 
 The steamboat Caroline had been but a few days in the service of the 
 patriots, when the British authorities determined to destroy her. For 
 this purpose they fitted out a boat expedition, and in the darkness of the 
 night made their way to the warehouse where the Caroline was lying 
 fastened to the wharf. The boats were moved with such silence and ce- 
 lerity that the enemy were on board and in possession before any alarm 
 was given, and therefore no resistance was encountered. Some firing 
 took place, from which a man named Durfee, standing on the wharf, was 
 killed. The enemy, after getting possession of the boat, towed her into 
 the river current and set her on fire, and she was totally destroyed. This 
 was on the 29th of December, 1837. The killing of Durfee created an 
 intense feeling of indignation among our citizens all along the border. 
 It was alleged that he was merely a spectator, drawn Ijy curiosity from 
 the little tavern near by, to see what was the cause of the uproar — that 
 he had just reached the wharf when he was shot dead. Matters began to 
 assume a serious aspect. Newspapers and orators vied with each other 
 in efforts to inflame the pul>lic mind. Our soil had been invaded, a 
 peaceable citizen murdered in cold blood; and revenge for the national 
 insult and the slaughtered man was the almost universal cry along the 
 frontier. A rupture between the two countries was believed to be immi- 
 
 37 
 
nent! Our Government now eeriouBly interested itself in the inattcr, and 
 by negotiation, pi-oraises and other inducemont.s, caused the horde of tat- 
 terdemalions, calling themselves patriots, to witlidraw from Navy Island. 
 This would have removed all difficulties between the two Governments, 
 Imt for events that sul)Sequently occurred. The blood of Durfee still 
 cried from the ground; and for two or three j'ears after hostilities had 
 ceased and the hope of revolutionizing Canada had been abandoned, the 
 determination to avenge the murder remained fixed in the minds of many 
 of our frontier citizens. The idea was to visit the vengeance of the law 
 upon any of the murderers of Durfee wlio might be caught among us. 
 With this view a vigilant watch was maintained, and several pensons 
 from Canada visiting our side of the river on business or jjleasure, were 
 arrested on the charge of having l)oen concerned in the outrage. These 
 people were discharged after an investigation. But at length a man 
 named McLeod, from Canada, made his appearance in Niagara <onn(y, 
 and it was said ])oa.sted of having l)een one of the party that destroyed 
 the Caroline.. ITe was immediately arrested and placed in confinement, 
 and subsequently indicted as one of the murderers of Durft'C. At this 
 stage of the proceedings, the British Government interposed in a very 
 decided manner, peremptorily demanding the release of McLeod, on th9 
 ground that the act of cutting out the Caroline was performed under the 
 orders of the proper authorities, and that whether he was or was not of 
 the party, holding him for trial was not admissible. Ministers professed 
 their readiness to apologize for invading our soil; but tficy jirstified th<j 
 destruction of the Caroline as a necessary act of scff-defonse, and were 
 prepared to accept all the consequences thereof. And here was the se- 
 concl instance in which hostilities between the two countries were averted 
 by tlie disobedience of a positive order of the Government. Admiral 
 Lord Seymour, commanding Her Majesty's naval forces in British North 
 America, had orders to bombard Portland, Boston, or New York, as 
 should be most feasilde, iu case McLeod should be held for trial. Mr. 
 Fox, then British Minister at "Washington took (he ro.sponsibility of ad- 
 vising a disregard of this order; but Admu-al Seymour, in tho exercise cf 
 a wise discretion, had determined to postpone the execution of tho order 
 until the result of the trial of McLeod should be a.scertained. Ho was 
 acquitted, and the matter was husho,] up. Juhn Bull professed satisfac- 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 tion, because the court failed to couvict the mau of murder; and our 
 Government was rejoiced to get liira off their hands. But looking more 
 closely into the affair, one cannot but admire the placable temper of the 
 British Government. Holding McLcod to trial was the real offence. 
 Whether he was convicted or acquitted made no difference in the charac- 
 ter of this offence. By arresting and bringing him to trial, we asserted 
 the right to execute him, in case he should be found guilty of the crime 
 of murder. And the eagerness with which Ministers seized upon the cir- 
 cumstance of his acquittal to retreat from the position assumed when he 
 was arrested, only goes to show that with all John Bull's bluster, and 
 notwithstanding the genuine pluck of the old gentleman, he weighs all 
 the consequences before going to war upon a point of honor. 
 
 The trial of McLeod was a curious affair, altogether. It took place at 
 Utica, in the United States District Court, the jury rendering a verdict 
 of not guilty. The important consequences that might follow the result 
 of the trial drew large numbers of persons to Utica to witness the i)ro- 
 ccedings. But it was not a very creditable affair to the Government 
 after all. The Federal Executive was terrified at the state of the case, 
 and sent the Attorney General to see what could be done to enaldo the 
 prisoner to evade the law ; and yet it had not the power to interfere and 
 compel his release by the State authorities. It was a complex and difn- 
 cult question ; and the British Government, which has never been able 
 to comprehend the nature of the subsisting relations between the States 
 and the central power, was badly bothered by the line of argument 
 adopted by the Secretary of State in conducting the correspondence, 
 which resulted in a satisfactory settlement of the matter. 
 
 The acquittal of McLeod put an end to a dangerous and all-pervading 
 excitement on the frontier, and he returned to Canada in safety, where 
 he soon dwindled down from a " lion " to his original insignificance. 
 This was the finale of the Canadiefl rebellion, so far as any interest was 
 taken in it by our citizens, and the affair was soon forgotten, or only re- 
 membered to be laughed at. At this distance of time from the transac- 
 tion, it is difficult to appreciate the consequences of this emeutc in Can- 
 ada. When the news of the capture of Navy Island by the patriots 
 reached London, the British funds fell to the amount of a hundred mil- 
 lions of dollare; and great apprehension was felt in respect to our busi- 
 
 39 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 ncss affairs in view of ibe threatening asi)cct of our relations \\itli Great 
 Britain. 
 
 a?IIE OI^D ESNGLISH MiESS HOTTSE. 
 
 Tne old English landing at Schlosscr, a short distance below the old 
 warehouse, is known from a landmark which has withstood the effects of 
 storms and Hre more than one hundred years. This landmark is a very- 
 large stone chimney, around which is a small wooden building, It can 
 readily be seen from the cars, as the railroad jiasses it within a short dis- 
 tance. Soon after the French were dispossessed of the Niagara frontier, 
 in 1759, the English demolished the small French military works at the 
 place long known as the French landing, near Avhere the canal which 
 passes around the Niagara Falls leaves the river, and constructed new 
 ones a little over a mile further up stream. 
 
 In the old field adjoining Gill creek, and about half a mile below its 
 entrance into the Niagara river, they erected military works, consisting 
 of block-houses and earth-works, enclosed by pickets sufficiently strong 
 to resist any attack the Indians (who were the only enemy they had to 
 fear) might make upon them. Below and near these works, where this 
 chimney now stands, they erected a large wooden building, long known 
 to the early settlers on this frontier, as " The old English Mess 
 House." The timber used in this building had been originally gotten 
 out by the French, while they held possession of Fort Niagara, for the 
 purpose of erecting a Catholic church in or near that fortress. After the 
 reduction of Fort Niagara, the timber was hauled to Schlosser, the mess 
 house put up, and this chimney built within it. Near this mess house 
 and at short distances about it, wooden block-houses and other log build- 
 ings were put up for defence and soldiers' quarters. At the i)rijici]jal 
 military works near the river, about thirty rods above the mess house, 
 and within the enclosure of the works, were other store-houses and places 
 of deposit for military stores, and the goods and other articles passing to 
 and from Detroit and their other western possessions. At this spot they 
 built a wharf, the water being deeper than at the French landing below. 
 One object in removing from the old French landing and establishing 
 tlicmselves higher up the river, wa-s to avoid the strong cun'ent and shal- 
 low water between the two places. Their new locality gave them deeper 
 
 40 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 water, easier access to it, and more out of the current of the river. 
 They built a saw mill at the Falls, — being in all probability the first at- 
 tempt ever made to use the immense water power there, for manufactur- 
 ing purposes. 
 
 During the M'ar of 1812, a strong force of British troops and Inaians, 
 crossed over the river at the Five Mile Meadows below Lewiston, a little 
 after midnight, on the 19th of December, 1813. They marched upon, 
 assailed and captured Fort Niagara, and rapidly following up their suc- 
 cess, burned the villages of Lewiston, of Manchester at the Falls, and the 
 old English mess house, then occupied as a tavern. A subsequent inva- 
 sion by the British from Fort Erie, destroyed the villages of Buffalo and 
 Black Rock; and the American frontier, the entire length of the Niagara 
 river, was laid waste. 
 
 The road by which the English communicated with the landing below 
 the Falls, now within the village of Lewiston, ran from their new depot 
 at Schlosser to the old French landing, and then struck across the coun- 
 try and came out upon the river bank, near the Suspension Bridge. This 
 round-al)out course considerably increased the distance between the land- 
 ings at Lewiston and Schlosser. They determined to shorten it by open- 
 ing a new road leading straight from Schlosser landing and intersecting 
 the old French road near the present Suspension Bridge. The determi- 
 nation to open this short piece of road gave great umbrage to the Indians, 
 who were very powerful at the time, and they remonstrated in the strong- 
 est manner. They seemed to apprehend at that early period, that if the 
 English, who were comparatively lew in number, took the liberty of 
 making roads where they pleased in the country, they would, as soon as 
 they acquired sufficient strength, take possession of the whole. Notwith- 
 standing the objections of the Indians the road was opened, and about 
 half way between Schlosser and the Suspension Bridge a stockade was 
 constructed, the wooden pickets of which, above ground, have long since 
 rotted, but the parts under ground could be found by digging, only a few 
 years since, and some remains of them may be seen yet. The opening 
 of this piece of poad, less than three miles in length, against the remon- 
 strances of the Indians, created a deep feeling of indignation in their 
 minds against the English, and they brooded over it, determining to re- 
 venge themselves when a favorable opportunity offered 
 
 41 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 This opportuniiy peomcd to pivsont itsolf in the year 1763, known in 
 history as the yoar of the Great Pontiac wai". This able Indian made the 
 bold attempt, and with astonishing success, of forming a general confed- 
 eracy amongst the Indians of the TVest, of Ohio, Pennsylvania and New 
 York, for the purpose of driving the English out of the country. His 
 plan was to make a simultaneous attack upon all tbe English posts from 
 Mackinac to Erie in Pennsylvania. More than a dozen English sta- 
 tions were attacked, and Mackinac and four or five other i)laces fell into 
 their possession. Pontiac, who led the attack upon Detroit in person, de- 
 feated the English troops at Bloody Bridge, now within or near the cor- 
 poration of Detroit, and drove them back into the fort. He continued to 
 besiege the jdace for a considerable time, but the English receiving re- 
 inforcements from Niagara and other posts on the river, made the p'acc 
 too strong for the Indians to capture. Pontiac broke up the siege and 
 retired into the Indian country, where lie was soon afterwards assassi- 
 nated by an Indian, whom it is believed the English hii-ed for tliat 
 purpose. 
 
 The Indians residing in Western New York, aided in council and in 
 the field by numl)ers of Frenchmen wlio liad settled with the Indians 
 after the French lost this frontier, determined to avail themselves of the 
 opportunity afforded by the Pontiac outbreak, for joint revenge upon the 
 English. They gathered in large force on the Niagara river, nearly half 
 way between the Falls and Lewiston. at a place called the Devil's Hole, 
 about one mile below the great whirlpool. Here they concealed them- 
 selves in the woods and behind a ridge of ground, and awaited the com- 
 ing up of the teams (which always went together under the protection of 
 a strong guafd of soldiers) employed in transportation between the ujiper 
 and lower landing. 
 
 On a bright morning the latter part of June, 1763, a large number of 
 teams with their attendants, under the protection of a guard of soldiers, 
 numbering in all about one hundred, started from the landing at Lewis- 
 ton for Schlosser, under the direction of "William Stedman, who was the 
 superintendent of the transportation business, upon reaching the spot 
 Avhere the Indians and French lay concealed, a sudden and appalling In- 
 dian war whoop pealed upon their eai-s from the woods around them, 
 followed by a sudden rush of the Indians and French, and immediately 
 
 42 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 an indiscriminate slaughter of men and animals, and destruction of pro- 
 perty took place 
 
 It is said, so fiendish was the desire for spilling of blood, that the wa- 
 ter of the little brook which runs into the Devil's Hole, became discolored 
 mth it, and from this cause acquired and yet retains the name of the 
 '' bloody run." The persons of the English were sadly mutilated, and 
 then thrown down the steep banks into the hole, as were such of the 
 horses and oxen as had been killed, and also the wagons and much of the 
 property Only two of the English party escaped: Stedman, who was 
 mounted on a fleet horse, succeeded in extricating himself from one or 
 two Indians who had seized his horse's bridle, and applying his spurs, 
 rushed over the hill under a smart fire from the Indians, made his escape 
 in the woods, and soon after reached the fort at Schlosser landing in 
 safety. The other person saved was a drummer boy, named Matthews. 
 On being thrown down the hole, his drum straps caught in the limbs of 
 a tree, from which he extricated himself, descended the tree, crawled 
 down the river and worked his way to the landing at Lewiston. 
 
 Of all the forts, block-houses, buildings, and other possessions which 
 the English had at old Schlosser landing, more than one hundred years 
 ago, not a vestige remains but this solitary old chimney. 
 
 The traveler usually arranges his journey so as to arrive at Niagara 
 at a convenient hour in the morning. He then delivers himself to the 
 disinterested care of a hackman, who drives him to such points of view 
 as can be reached most conveniently to himself and his horses, until it is 
 time to dress for dinner; this last being dispatch^, he hurries to the 
 cars and goes his way, deluded by the idea that he has seen Niagara 
 Falls; and profoundly impressed by the immensity of the Cataract, the 
 hotel bills and the hackman's charges. In truth, however, he has seen 
 Niagara only as one sees his face in a glass; nor will it be long Ix^fore 
 he will forget what manner of place it was. Granting him the capacity 
 to appreciate the scenery of the Falls, a week's study is not too much to 
 educate him to a complete comprehension, even of their physical propor- 
 tions. Nevertheless, dear sir, or dear madam, (as the case may be) if 
 you will suffer us to be your " guide, philosopher and friend," we will 
 
 43 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 help you to spend the short hours of a single day at Niagara, in such 
 fashion that you shall depart somewhat wiser than you came, and so that 
 hereafter in speaking of its scenery you shall not be reckoned by the 
 knowing ones among those " who find it difficult to express those ideas 
 whereof they themselves are not possessed." 
 
 Supposing then that we are approaching Niagara upon the cars, either 
 from Rochester, Lewiston or Buffalo, you are of course very much aston- 
 ished that you do n't hear the roar of the cataract; and you begin to lose 
 laith in good old geographer Morse, who told you when a child how the 
 Falls in his day wore wont to be hoard forty miles oft". But a fly in a 
 telescope will obscure a planet; and even Niagara is drowned by the 
 rattle of tlie railroad car in its career, and the bawling of the porters in 
 the depot. And yet we assure you, that more than once upon a calm 
 afternoon we have rowed out into Lake Erie at Buffalo, twenty-two miles 
 away, and, the wind being favorable, have distinctly heard the voice of 
 Niagara, rwduced by the distance to a gentle murmur. And now, if you 
 will step aside from the confusion of the depot into any quiet house, you 
 will hear the rattling windows, and a deep sub-bass as ef some mighty 
 organ, and feel the earth trembling beneath you, and will become for the 
 first time conscious that you arc at Niagara. 
 
 The first thing to do, however, on your arrival, is to get rid of the hack- 
 men, black, yellow, brown and white, whose vociferations are enough to 
 drown ten Niagaras: for dispose of them you must, if you would not 
 have them following you like your shadow from dawn to dewy eve. One 
 method is promptly to employ the first one that presents himself; another 
 course is to assure the crowd that you were born and brought up at Ni- 
 agara; a still better course, as we know by ex])erience, is to pick up a 
 huge stone, and with a threatening countenance, assume a hostile atti- 
 tude towards the most obnoxious of the tribe. 
 
 Having in some way escaped from these tormentors, we pass down the 
 street on foot liy the Interuatienal Hotel and the Cataract House, and 
 find ourselves upon the bridge which leads to Goat Island. And we 
 shall find some fault with you, if you are not at least an hour crossing 
 this bridge. We beseech you to study these rapids both above and be- 
 low you, foot by foot. You will not find much at Niagara which will 
 repay you better. AVe shall not call your attention to the beautios of the 
 
 44 
 
5.-\\.0'?S>^ 
 
 HORSESHOE FALL. 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 scenery here or elsewhere. We trust you are not so stupid as to require 
 that. But if you are imaginative, no doubt your mind will travel up the 
 Niagara, thro^igh the four great lakes, the many rivers which bury them- 
 selves in their depths, and the myriads of lesser streams, which, thou- 
 sands of miles away, in lands yet unvisited by the white man, are at this 
 moment hurrying towards the abyss, which, like the grave, finally swal. 
 lows all alike, and sends them down through Lake Ontario and the St- 
 Lawrence to the sea. Or, if you are of a practical turn of mind, you are 
 wondering how it was possible to build a bridge over these rushing and 
 boiling waters. We will tell you: the old bridge, built in 1818, was con- 
 structed by sinking a heavy timber crib filled with stone, near the bank. 
 From this long timbers were projected, strong enoagh to bear the weight 
 of men and material. Another crib was sunk at the end of the projec- 
 tion, and so on until Bath Island, which lies at the further extremity of 
 the bridge, was reached. The present bridge was built in 1856. It is 
 three hundred and sixty feet long and twenty-seven feet wide. 
 
 Before leaving the bridge, and while standing about halfway across, 
 let us call your attention to a log protruding from the river about half 
 way between the bridge and the precipice. On the morning of July 20, 
 1853, Joseph Avery was seen clinging to this log. He and a friend had 
 been sailing on the river the previous evening; the friend was never 
 seen again. During the night the cries of a man, as if in distress, had 
 been heard on Bath Island, but in the darkness no one could tell whence 
 they proceeded. 
 
 Early in the morning the inhabitants of Niagara congregated upon the 
 bridge and shores to the assistance of the unhappy man. The forenoon 
 was consumed in vain attempts to reach him with boats sent down the 
 current by ropes; but the boats were sunk. In the afternoon a raft was 
 sent down and reached him. He binds himself to it; the raft is drawn 
 slowly towards the shore; suddenly it becomes fastened upon the rocks; 
 Avery makes frantic struggles to move it, but in vain. A ferry boat is 
 next sent down; it approaches the raft; he loosens the cords which bind 
 him to it; forgetting the weakness produced by the exertions and fasting 
 of the last twenty-four hours, he springs for the ferry boat, fails to reach 
 it, falls into the foaming current, and is carried helplessly struggling to 
 his doom. 
 
 45 
 
At Bath Island you stop to pay twonty-five cents and inscribe your 
 name in the visitor's register. The fee serves you for the season, and is 
 a very proper charge by the owners of the island for the use of bridges 
 and other conveniences which they have constructed. From Bath Island 
 on your left, you see two other islands, " The lovers' retreat " and more 
 distant " Brig Island." AVe then pass a short bridge, where we will 
 pause a few moments to take a lingering look at the rapids, and then we 
 reach Goat Island. This island contains about sixty acres. Before any 
 bridge was built it was occasionally visited by venturous and daring 
 men; and received its name from the circumstance that as early as 1770 
 it was a pasture lot for Mr. Stedman's goats. So say the books. But 
 who was Mr. Stcdman? This question you will find answered in a pre- 
 ceding page, where the man's escape from the massacre at the Devil's 
 Hole is descriljed. 
 
 Now take with us the road to the right, and walk slowly, very slowly, 
 stopping from time to time to drink in the various beauty which puts to 
 shame those -who speak of the naked sublimity of Niagara. For eighty 
 rods you walk under an arch of noble forest trees; to your left spreads a 
 delightful grove; nor to us is there anything more charming at Niagara 
 than the vistas through the trees upon the right, disclosing every raonieut 
 pleasant views of islands and flashing streams, with now and then a 
 glimpse of the deep green river and the lower fall. We shall begin to 
 think that Niagara possesses in you hardly a fit visitor, if you do not lin- 
 ger here and strive to fix in your memory some of these beautiful land- 
 scapes, whose only drawback is, that they confuse the mind by their 
 almost infinite variety. 
 
 AVe have now reached the north-western corner of the island, named 
 ))y some base wight " fit for barbarous caves," by the swinish appellation 
 of '* Hog's Back." From this point a path and steps lead you down the 
 bank to a picturesque little bridge, across a small section of the river, to 
 Luna Island. From this path you have your first grand view of the 
 American Fall and Niagara River; and if you are fortunate in your sea- 
 son, of those glorious rainbows, which are hardly less famous than the 
 Falls themselves. 
 
 And here we must impress upon you. if you would really know any- 
 thing about Niagara, the importance of educating your eye so that it can 
 
 46 
 
^MJ^^ — <^, 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 appreciate fhe magnitude of these vast cataracts, otherwise you will leave 
 Niagara disappointed by your own want of appreciation. Such is the 
 great width of the Falls, that an optical illusion is produced, which it re- 
 quires a faithful effort of the will and of the reason to overcome. You 
 imagine at first that the falls are a few rods in width. You then gradu- 
 ate the height by the width, and the result is that you have before you 
 nothing but a magnified mill dam. Bnt remember in the first place, that 
 the Horse Shoe or Canadian Fall is twenty-three hundred feet in width, 
 not much less than half a mile, and that it is one hundred and fifty-eight 
 feet high. Get these measurements well fixed in your mind; study the 
 Falls till you realize these great distances, and then you will be prepared 
 to see the Falls as they are, and not the diminutive counterfeit which is 
 presented to the uneducated sense of nine travelers out of ten. 
 
 Ve must spend at least an hour in and about Luna Island. If you 
 love nature you will regret to leave thia delightful spot, where the sub. 
 lime and beautiful have been contending for ages for the mastery, and no 
 one has yet been found who could say which was the winner. We must 
 huriy back to Goat Island. AVe will tarry long enough, however, to 
 show you the spot on the north edge of Luna Island where Mr. Charles 
 Addington, in the summer of ] 849, while playfully swinging the little 
 daughter of a friend over the stream, was precipitated with his charge 
 into the flood, and both were borne lifeless into the abyss below. 
 
 Returning to Goat Island, we take the path up the river edge till we 
 reach the staircase erected by Nicholas Biddle, President of the United 
 States Bank, in 1829. The bank (of the river, not of the United States) 
 at this spot is one hundred and eighty-five feet high ; the staircase itself 
 eighty feet. The journey down and back is somewhat wearisome ; not 
 enough so, however, to daunt an enthusiastic mineralogist of our acquaint- 
 ance, who, on a hot summer's day, carried a specimen of rock, weighing 
 eighty pounds, from the river's edge up the staircase to the top of the 
 bank; a feat which you will appreciate after you have carried yourself 
 up, better, perhaps, than you can now. 
 
 Descending the Biddle staircase, we find at its foot two paths, one lead- 
 ing to the fall formed by the little stream flowing between Goat and 
 Luna Islands; and the other leading to the Horse Shoe Fall. Both of 
 these paths are wet, and the latter pretty rough, but they are neither 
 
 47 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 Blippcry nor dangerous. Let us take the former first; and do not be sat- 
 isfied until you have penetrated into the Cave of the Winds and bearded 
 tlie fury of this, the smallest of the falls, in this very den. What you will 
 see and feel here, you may tell to us if you can. We shall not try to tell 
 you. We can only say that when we visit Niagara this is our first resort; 
 because we feel that we can really comprehend this fall so diminutive as 
 compared with the others; while at the Horse Shoe and the great Amer- 
 ican Fall, we are constantly perplexed and annoyed by the consciousness 
 that we do not comprehend them. Return now and take the other path. 
 If you are a tnio traveler, push to the edge of the river and the groat cat- 
 aract. He who does not see the fall from beneath, does not see it at all. 
 Go below and give the scene one hour's faithful study, and you will 
 know the fact, even if you cannot fully explain the reason. 
 
 Having ascended the Biddle staircase, we continue our course until 
 we roach Terrapin Bridge, which leads to Prospect Tower, erected by 
 Judge rurter, in 1833. From this point of Goat Island, from the bridge 
 and from the tower, you have the finest view of the Canadian or Horse 
 Shoe Fall, which can be obtained from above upon the American side; 
 and are moi-e fully impressed than perhaps at any other point, with the 
 sea-like vastness of Niagara. 
 
 By this time, if you have faithfully done your duty, your mind and 
 body both need rest; and we will show you were to find it, in a lovely 
 spot, where the brain, wearied by excitement and suljlimity, can refresh 
 itself by a scene of quiet beauty, unsurpassed in our experience. Con- 
 tinuing our walk towards the east upon the edge of Goat Island, we come 
 to three little islands, called the Three Bisters, between the nearest of 
 which, called Moss Island and Goat Island, there falls a little cascade, 
 which is to Niagara what one of Queen Mab's fairies would be to a giant 
 Here is something we can appreciate without an effort. Let us lie upon 
 the grass, and while we enjoy the landscape, refresh ourselves with the 
 lunch which he who has felt the fatigues of Niagara, is taught by " sage 
 experience " to provide. 
 
 While quietly resting in this spot, the bathing place of Francis Abbor^ 
 the hermit, we will tell you something of what is known about him. 
 From his family it has been learned that his father was John Abbot, a 
 resident of Plymouth, England. As a youth he was both studious and 
 
 48 
 
;/ '■ >^>^^ 
 
 ENTRANCE TO CAVE OF THE WINDS. 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 dissipated; and M-bile yet a young man, left England, came to America, 
 and in the summer of 1839, took up his abode in a log house at the head 
 of Goat Island, lie lived here about two years, studious and devoted to 
 music, with no companion but a dog. He afterwards crossed to the main 
 land and buiit a hut near the American Fall, at Prospect Place or Point 
 View, where ho continued to reside until he was accidentally drowned 
 while bathing at the foot of the ferry, on the 10th June, 1841. This is 
 pretty much all that is known about '' The Hermit," except that he was 
 a gentleman in his manners, and a scholar in his tastes; as was well 
 known to the few with whom he was in the hahit of conversing. 
 
 But it is now past noon, and we have a hard afternoon's work before 
 i:s. We pass on to the head of Goat Island, where we Mill pause a mo- 
 ment to catch a glimpse of several interesting objects. On the right 
 bank, a mile off, is a white farm house with a large chimney, the site of 
 old Fort Schlosser; near the Canada shore lies Navy Island; and shortly 
 above, lies Grand Island, twelve miles long and from two to seven miles 
 wide, where Major Noah founded the City of Ararat, as a home for the 
 wandering tribes of Israel. But Grand Island not furnishing a very in- 
 viting field for those kinds of speculation and trade which gentlemen of 
 the Jewish persuasion most affect The city, we believe, was never occu- 
 pied by a single member of the twelve tribes. 
 
 We continue our walk around Goat Island, and recross the bridge, af- 
 ter which it is worth while to spend a few moments in one of the '' curi- 
 osity shops" which form a peculiar feature of the civilization of Niagara. 
 These shops are not like that in which dwelt the old gentleman and little 
 Nell, and which Sampson Brass and Dick Swiveller were wont to fre- 
 quent ; nor would they afford any satisfaction to the appetite of the 
 antiquary. We suppose they are called curiosity shops because they 
 have no curiosities in them, on the " lucus a non lucendo " principle. 
 But they are very rich in Indian work and agates. We know of no place 
 where either of these articles can be found so beautiful or in so great va- 
 riety as in some of these shops ; and it is an opportunity of knowledge 
 and pleasure lost to pass them unvisited. 
 
 Arriving back upon the main land, we take the path down the river's 
 edge until we come to Prospect Place, where we spend half au hour en- 
 joying the magniticent view, here presented, of tl)C Great American Fall, 
 
 49 
 
which, if you are fond of facts, jon -will bo glad to know is nine hundred 
 foci wide and one hundred and sixtj^-throe feet high. A few steps hv. 
 low the Ferry House is Point View, which is well worth a few moments 
 of our time. "We then descend the Bank on the Ferry Railway, By no 
 means omit this. He who does so throws away an experience and loses 
 a sensation. We beg you, by way of enlivening the trip, to observe the 
 distance to the bottom of the bank, no less than three hundred and sixty 
 feet The cable which draws the car is three hundred feet long. Of 
 course it is barely possible that it might lireak, and you will observe that 
 there are no cogs in the track or wheels to arrest your ])rogress; so that 
 if any accident should hapjx'n your individuality is extinguished at once, 
 and it is hardly possible your body could be found. But do not be 
 alarmed. Everything is perfectly safe. 
 
 Arriving at the bottom, the uninitiated take the ferry boat and cross 
 the river at once, and thereby miss the very finest view upon the Ameri- 
 can side, and so far as we know, the most awe-inspiring spectacle which 
 the world affords. .Step with us towards the American Fall around the 
 Ijottom of the railroad upon the rocks. We hope the wind blows up the 
 river, so as to clear away the mist and give us a fair chance. But never 
 mind the spray. You will get the worth of a hundred ^\■ettings. Climb 
 up these rocks with us. Get as close to the G reat Fall as you can. Look 
 up and l)ehold Niagara falling from the clouds npon your head. You 
 feel now, if you never have felt before, how sublime and fearful Niagara 
 is, how beside it all other cataracts are but toys and playthings. You 
 are fascinated and spell bound. You Avill spend an hour here and then 
 tear yourself away, reluctantly. In our opinion there is nothing to be 
 seen on either side of the river which fills the imagination like the view 
 from this spot. It is perfectly satisfactory; and will haunt and chaini 
 and glorify the memory as long as you live. 
 
 And now for the •• Ijoat across the ferry." It ueeds no lover eloping 
 with Lord Ullin's daughter, nor stormy wind, nor poet's rhyme, to lend 
 romance to your journey. Give the boatman an extra quarter, be it sil- 
 ver or dul)ious shinplaster; in '-tender consideration whereof," aa the 
 chancery lawyers say, he will row you out of the usual course, up the river, 
 as near the sheet aa you deem prudent What you w ill see there we will 
 not describe. If you are not paid, call upon us, we will refund the outlay. 
 
 50 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 ■ Arriving on the Canada side, we advise you for the first time, to take a 
 carriage. We have a high hill to climlj, and longer distances to "drive. 
 Besides the day is nearly spent and we have no time to spare. Drive 
 first to Table Rock; now but a ruin, with hardly a trace of former glory. 
 In July, 1818, it lost forty feet of its width and one hundred and sixty 
 feet of its length. In 1828 three other pieces fell off. In 1829, another 
 body broke away; and on the twenty sixth day of June, 1850, a huge 
 mass, two hundred feet long, sixty feet wide, and one hundred feet thick, 
 was precipitated down the bank. We will descend the stairs, walk down 
 the pathway to as near the sheet as you can; if you have time, go under. 
 Then, having re-ascended to the light of day, drive up the river and take 
 a studious look at the Canadian rapids. They are very beautiful; and 
 afford a pleasant relief to the mind fatigued by the sublimity of the Horse 
 Shoe Fall. 
 
 The driver will suggest the propriety of your visiting Lundy's Lane; 
 and we advise you to go. The prospect from the observatory there is as 
 expansive as the best champagne, and the keeper gives you a minute and 
 intelligent • description of the battle, with illustrations on the spot. In 
 driving back (we hope you have chosen an open carriage) do not fail to 
 enjoy the views of the Falls, seen through the openings of the trees as you 
 pass from point to point. Nothing can be more channing than these 
 glimpses of snowy foam and translucent green which form so rich a fea- 
 ture of the Falls. 
 
 It is the general opinion that the Canada side affords the finest single 
 view of Niagara Falls as a whole; but not the same variety; nor is there 
 any other spot which combines such various charms as Goat Island. 
 We need therefore spend but comparatively a short time in the Queen's 
 dominions ; and we will drive down the river to Suspension Bridge, ad- 
 miring the scenery as we go. One of the chief features of Niagara is the 
 narrow and deep gorge through which the imprisoned waters of four 
 great lakes rush foaming, eddying, struggling, boiling, to Lewiston, 
 whence in a broader and more peaceful current the weary river glides 
 calmly on, until it falls asleep upon the peaceful breast of lake Ontario. 
 While in this chasm the water is of a deep dull green, peculiar to this 
 river, and forming with its savage and lofty banks a scene, which would 
 itself be famous were it not so near Niagara. At Suspension Bridge we 
 
 51 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 can dismiss our carriage. Some facta relating to this bridge are worth 
 remembering. It was commenced in 1852, John A. Ilobeling, of New 
 Jersey, being chief engineer. It is eight hundred feet between the toweK- 
 The towers are fifteen feet square at the base, and eight feet square at 
 the top, eighty-eight feet high on the American side, seventy-eight feet 
 high on the Canada side; tlie total weight of the bridge is eight hundred 
 tons; the cables are capable of sustaining twelve thousand four hundred 
 tons. There are more than four thousand miles of wire in the cables and 
 ropca; on an average of 3,684 wires in each cable. But let not the 
 beauty of this noble sti-ucture, which looks like a web shot across the 
 river by some gigantic spider, distract us from the view we get of the 
 Falls, nor from the rapids underneath and below us. You will hardly 
 believe that the steamer " Maid of the Mist" was navigated through them 
 to lake Ontario. 
 
 You must, if possible, take the time to walk from Suspension Bridge 
 to Prospect Place, upon the bank of the river, and thence also upon the 
 bank to your hotel or the depot. The scenery is varied and beautiful, 
 and you catch noble views of the Falls from time to time. It is a plea- 
 sant way of reviewing the studies of the day. 
 
 " And now," as the old rhyme says, " our story's done." If you can 
 spend a week or more at the Falls, you can sec many things which we 
 have not shown you, and the louger you stay the better you can see. 
 But what we have indicated can be seen, and seen well, in the long 
 hours of a single summer's day ; and you will leave Niagara with some 
 adequate conception of what it is that makes it one of the wonders of the 
 world; and, in any event, profoundly impressed with the conviction, that 
 you can get more tired there in any given time, than in any other place 
 you were ever in in your life. 
 
 SUSPENSION 33RI33GE. 
 
 The railway from the Falls to Lewiston runs on the bank of the Niag- 
 ara all the way, with the exception of the space from the great wire 
 bridge to the frightful chasm known as the '• Devil's Hole," a distance of 
 about two miles. The wonderful rapids, commencing at the bridge and 
 terminating in the whirlpool, form one of the grandest spectaclea in the 
 world. The current rushes down the gorge at the rate of twenty miles 
 
 52 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 an hour, presenting a mass, of snow white foam all the way. At the 
 whirlpool the river makes a right angle, running due east, and from that 
 point to Lewiston it is a series of boiling rapids, broken at intervals by 
 huge rocks and scant spots of comparatively smooth water, until you 
 come to a beautiful suspension bridge thrown across to Queenston, at the 
 point where the Great Falls were originally situated. 
 
 The village of Suspension Bridge contains about two thousand inhabi- 
 tants. It is a busy, thriving place, and a railroad station of much impor- 
 tance. The Great Western Railway, which connects with the Central at 
 this point, crosses the Niagara on the wire bridge, and passing through 
 several handsome cities and villages in Canada, terminates at Windsor, 
 opposite Detroit, 
 
 The branch of the Central, from Rochester to the Bi'idge, which we 
 shall notice in another place, is seveuty-seven miles in length. 
 
 The scenery observable from the cars going from the Falls to Lewit^ 
 ton, is unequalled for grandeur and sublimity. For a considerable por- 
 tion of the way you are on the verge of a frightful precipice, with the 
 dashing and roaring Niagara two hundred feet below; but the solidity of 
 the road bed and the perfection of the track, impart a feeling of perfect 
 security. On the Canada side, in full view from the cars, towers the 
 beautiful shaft erected to the momory of General Brock, who fell in the 
 battle of Queenston. The view from the Lewiston Bridge is of the most 
 striking and impressive character. The bridge is sixty feet above the 
 water. Jjooking up stream, you are struck Avith the wild torrent, tumb- 
 ling down between harsh and rugged banks, becoming gradually less 
 rough, until it subsides into the broad, smooth river, gliding still with a 
 strong current, and finally losing itself in Lake Ontario about six miles 
 distant. 
 
 Lewistox — is a pretty village of about t\velve hundred inhabitants. 
 During the season of navigation lines of steamboats run from this place 
 to Toronto and to Ogdensburglu 
 
 TROY 
 
 May be classed among the large inland cities of the State, and in many 
 respects, it is not the least remarkable of them. It stands at the head of 
 sloop and steamboat navigation on the Hudson, six miles above Albany. 
 
 53 
 
TBAVELEES GUIDE. 
 
 It is the capital of Ronssolaer county, and a well built, handsome and 
 thriving town, of about forty thousand inhabitants. The prosperity of 
 Troy has long been retarded by a sort of morbid, insane jealousy of Al- 
 bany, with which its citizens are afflicted; but the malady seems to be 
 yielding to a common sense treatment, and we may look for a complete 
 recovery in process of time. The machine and iron works of Troy con- 
 stitute the most noticeable feature of its trade and business. They em- 
 ploy in the aggregate not less than three thousand men. The educa- 
 tional and other jiublic institutions of the city, arc numerous and well 
 supported. The Female .Seminary, conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Willard 
 for many years, has long enjoyed a reputation inferior to that of no other 
 establishment of the kind in the country. This institution was com- 
 menced in the beautiful village of Middlebury, Vermont, in 1813, and 
 some six years afterwards it was removed to Waterfoid, and soon after to 
 Troy, where it has nourished for more than forty years. Upwards of 
 seven thousand young ladles liave received their education here, a large 
 portion of them being among the first gentlewomen of tlie countiy. The 
 University, situate on Mount Ida, overlooking the city; tlie Polytechnic 
 Institute, endowed by Stephen Van Kensselacr, established for 'the 
 purpose of instruction in the higher mathematics, and their application 
 to civil engineering and the natural sciences; the Lyceum of Natural 
 History; the Young Men's Association; and several philanthropic and 
 benevolent institutions, are all in a thriving condition, and constantly 
 accomplishing much good. 
 
 In short, Troy has all tlie attributes of a finished modem city, with its 
 multitudinous churches, it.s well paved and Lighted streets, its extensive 
 water works, <fec., Ac. 
 
 It is an important railroad station, as well. The Hudson River Rail- 
 road has its northern terminus at Troy. The Northern road, running 
 into Vermont; the Troy &, Whitehall road, a link in the lino from New 
 York to Montreal; and the Rensselaer <fc Saratoga road, with the Cen- 
 tral, have a common depot here, and a very spacious and suitable struc- 
 ture it is. The route to Saratoga, passing through Waterford, Mechanics- 
 ville and Ballston, is crowded with passengers during the pleasure season; 
 and this brings us to speak of the most famous watering place on this 
 continent, to wit: 
 
 54 
 
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, SARATOGA LAKE. 
 
TRAVELEES GUIDE. 
 
 The name of tliis celebrated Spa is said to be of Indian origin, and 
 means, literally, the salt place or spring. The Kayaderrosseras patent 
 incluftles it, and embraces a large proportion of the county of Saratoga. 
 In 1683, when the county of Albany was organized, it included the town- 
 ship of Saratoga; and in 1791, one hundred and eight years afterwards, 
 it became a part of the new county of the same name. Its boundary is 
 the river on the east, the Saratoga lake on the west, while the Fish creek, 
 meandering from this lal« to Schuylerville. encloses it on the other sides. 
 Throughout this region, every step of the way has the most interesting 
 revolutionary associations, now well preserved and illustrated by Mr. 
 Lossing in his Pictorial History. 
 
 These mineral springs, it is said, were visited by Sir William Johnson 
 at an early da}"^, he being the first white man M'ho ever saw them and 
 applied their remedial powers; and the High Rock spring, which from its 
 peculiarity was first noticed by jhe natives themselves, was the fountain 
 which restored him to health. In 1773 their fame became so well estab- 
 lished, that attempts were even then made to build in their neighborhood 
 for the purpose of settlement; and in 1774, one John Arnold, an adven- 
 turer from Rhode Island, where his name still reputably survives, came up 
 from Albany to Stillwater, there crossed to the lake, thence paddled in a 
 canoe to the mouth of the Kayaderrosseras, folio-wed it up two miles, 
 loaded, and with his pack on his back and his family trudging after him, 
 made his way by a trail to Saratoga, found the High Rock and the ruins 
 of a cabin erected the previous year, improved it and opened it as a tav- 
 ern. Disappointed, however, in the result of the experiment, he aban- 
 doned the business after the second summer, and was succeeded by a 
 person of the name of Norton. The revolution breaking out, be became 
 alarmed, left the place, joined the British army, and soon after died. A 
 son of his, in i 783, returned and took possession of the proi^erty, but sold 
 out to others who persevered in making improvements, in the confidence 
 of future success. Various changes of proprietorship occurred, but the 
 real pioneer and hero of Saratoga was a Massachusetts man of the name 
 of Gideon Putnam, who, after experiencing the various vicissitiules and 
 trials of an emigrant, found liLs way from Vermont to Bemis Flats, and 
 
tlience to the Springs in 1789. The prosperous career of Mr. Putnam, in 
 his various industrial pursuits, would flirnish full materials for a most 
 interesting biography, as well as a memoir of the progress of the settle- 
 ment itself. His industry, sagacity and perseverance Una. < ■.ilaiiuated 
 in the ownership of a large landed estate, and tlic erection, iu 1802, oi'lhe 
 Union Hall, then a structure of seventy feet, and still remaining as a 
 part of the noble pile which now measures on its three fronts more than 
 six hundred and fifty feeL But even then it was in the midst of a foresl) 
 and there are gentlemen still alive and in the vigoi- of health, who have 
 killed game on the site of the present Congress Hall, from the front door 
 of the old Union. In 180G, Mr. Putnam tubed the present Washington 
 si)ring, and soon after the Columbia. As Ballston was of early settle- 
 ment, and its mineral springs were known to the whites in 1772, and in- 
 deed a house of entertainment was in that year erected by a Mr. Doug- 
 lass, for invalids and other guests, it became a custom for the visitors at 
 the former place to drive over a rough wagon way to Saratoga to taste 
 the newly discovered spring, dine at Putnam's, and return to their quar- 
 ters in the nfternoon. Bathing houses were next constructed, the Ham- 
 ilton spring waftubed, and Congress Hall commenced in 1812. 
 
 Congress spring, however, Avas discovered soon after the High Rock 
 became frequented. It was found in 1792 by three gentlemen who were 
 shooting in the neighborhood, one of them no less a personage than Jch.i 
 Taylor Oilman, a member of Congress, and afterwards Governor of New 
 Hampshire. They observed a small stream of water issuing from an 
 aperture iu the side of a rock, the face of which firmed the border of the 
 brook, and on testing it ascertained its mineral qualities and pungent 
 properties. It was situated a few feet west of tLo spring which is now 
 used. By universal consent it was named the Congress spring. At that 
 time the water came through a small n.nerture in the side of a calcareous 
 rock, about eighteen inches from the ground; here it was caught in 
 tumblers, and in this way it was obtained and drank for years afterwards. 
 Such however, was the crowd of visitors that the supply became insuffi- 
 cient, and by some awkward attempts to obtain a large quantity, the 
 spring itself was lost, and for a time supposed to be irretrievably so. But 
 Mr. Putnam, the same intelligent person Avhose enteiTirise we have al- 
 luded to, underteok to ascertain the nature of the diflficulty. After close 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 observation, he discovered bubbles of gas coming up through the water 
 in the middle of the brook. " I have found it," exclaimed he in the 
 words of the ancient philosopher, and he at once proceeded to .turn the 
 brook from its channel, excavated the bed bubblcward, for about eight 
 feet, and at once discovered a strong mineral water issuing out of a con- 
 glomera'e of marl, rounded pebbles and coarse gravel. He immediately 
 tubed it with strong plank ten inches square, replaced the earth around 
 it, and from thence Ave have continued to receive this delightful beverage 
 ever since. 
 
 The. Empire, Columbian and some other springs here, are much used, 
 each differing from the other in medicinal properties. 
 
 THE ROUTINK OF THE SPA. 
 
 Our American watering places are like themselves only. '• None but 
 themselves can be their parallel." The Spas of Germany have an entou- 
 rage^ entirely different, and their habits of society are very much gauged 
 by its ofticial and social rank. At our own, it is a full dress circle 
 where all may enter on terms of perfect equality, if they have the tickets, 
 and these may he purchased at the door. 
 
 The first thing to be done in the morning if the weather is pleasant, is 
 to visit Congress spring, sheltered by a modest little temple of a classic 
 model, with a marble floor Here amidst a group of elegantly dressed 
 but desh.ibilled ladies, with the blush of the morning on their cheeks, 
 attended by solid, well to do, well dressed and pleasant old fellows, or 
 dapper youth just let loose into society, or quite middle aged philosophic 
 looking men, who have come on to pay the bills and look after their 
 wives' luggage. Here you get your tumbler of the water, dipped up by 
 an Irish lad to the manner born, who distributes his f\ivors with much 
 adroitness to those who have taught him the color of their money on for- 
 mer occasions. It is amusing to witness the delay which occurs with 
 some persons, who are waiting their turn. The dippers well know who 
 is who, and act accordingly, for all they get for watering the thousands 
 at the spring, is their own, and they have no other remuneration. Plea- 
 sant are the meetings at these morning potations; friends jostle each 
 other before they know it Bless my soul, are you here too ? When did 
 you arrive? Meantime the band, perched in their s immer orchestra, 
 
 57 
 
TRAVELEKS GUIDE. 
 
 pour forth the finest morceaux from the latest operas, and the groups, 
 when saturated sufficiently, proceed to promenade through the very 
 pretty grounds laid out in the adjacent wood. A vast improvement this 
 from what it was in former days. In a short time breakfast awaits the 
 appetising i)edestrians, who return to their hotels, allowed by the rules 
 of the proprietors to choose their own time })etween eight and ten o'clock 
 in which to break (heir fast. These meals are bountiful and refreshing. 
 The finest hot bread and rolls, raised by the carbonic acid of the spring 
 water, the sweetest of butter, the freshest of milk and eggs, of fish, of 
 delicate entrees and crispy potatoes, with coffee of unimpeachable flavor 
 make up the meal, and dispose every one to amiability. Friendships of- 
 ten commence in the half hour after breakfast, and become devotion by 
 bedtime.' A stroll in the village to the numerous shops in which the 
 surplus fabrics of the New York fashion dealers are displayed to good 
 effect; a walk perhaps to the High Rock, that wonder of all new comers; 
 or a lounge m the drawing room, where somf clever girl fresh from Mil- 
 let or Barilli, performs her last pieces to the delight of pere el mere, fill 
 u]) the morning hours, varied perhaps by a game of crochet, the last 
 pretty amusement of France for ladies in the country. 
 
 Then comes the preparation for the dinner, and the duties of the toilet, 
 "sweet and long,'' and finally at an early hour, for this is the healthful 
 custom of Saratoga, at innumerable well served tables and in immense 
 halls constructed for the purpose, a thousand people may sit down at 
 each of the large houses and make themselves comfortable over deli- 
 ciously cooked viands, washed down with the choicest of the wines of 
 Europe, Asia, Africa and America. And this is literally true. No bet- 
 ter in the world are anywhere drank, than at the United States, the 
 Union, Congress, and the Clarendon. This scene of physical enjoyment 
 lasts for an hour or two, though it must be admitted that a large propor- 
 tion of Amei'ican eaters are literally "early risers" — from the dinner 
 table. But there are always groups who linger around the board, and 
 "seem loath to depart." From the dessert, always neat and well chosen, 
 the crowd repair to the lawns in the rear of the Hotels, or to tlie spacious 
 piazzas to listen to the music, where another hour or two is passed by 
 groups of pleased listeners, while the young children tumble about in 
 the grass and tread upon every body's toes. Others again take to their 
 
 58 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 carriages, or to their saddle horses, and repair to the lake to spend the 
 afternoon. This sheet of water never tires. It is a noble picture, beau- 
 tifully set in a frame of Nature's best designing, alive with boats, or stir- 
 red up by the waves from the swift little steamers as they speed along 
 filled with cargoes rich and rare, of youth and beauty. 
 
 On the colline which overlooks this lovely expanse is a refreshment all 
 piazzed and shaded, and cool with ice creams and jellies. And as the 
 sun begins to shed its last rays, the crowds betake themselves to their 
 vehicles and steeds, and dust each other on the road back to the Spa. 
 Then comes, the evening meal, the ieriium quid, the cup that cheers but 
 not inebriates, and darkness steals over the village, and the lights of the 
 hotels appear, a grand illumination. 
 
 The drawing rooms are again crowded, and when the evenings are 
 warm, the piazzas are also filled, and the rustling of fans is like the noise 
 of many waters. Presently the sound of music is heard, the evening hop, 
 or more formal ball of subscription begins; the children always — an in- 
 stitution in American society — are allowed to romp first and last until 
 bedtime, when they are dragged ofiF by their nurses, much against their 
 will. Then the young ladies take the floor, dancing with younger bro- 
 thers, or their fashionable acquaintances, till eleven o'clock, or twelve 
 l)erhaps, when a few brief adieus in the parlors, or wherever they may 
 be convenient, arc made among friends, and they separate for the nigh 
 
 On the "Auburn Road," as the original track from Syracuse to Kuch- 
 ester is called, is 
 
 The only city and chief town of Cayuga county, is a handsome, thriv- 
 ing place, containing upwards of thirteen thousand inhabitants. The 
 Owasco Outlet runs through its centre, with a fall of more than a hundred 
 feet, affording sufficient water power for the large manufacturing business 
 here prosecuted. The first settlement was made here by John Harden- 
 burgh, in 1793, and it was called " Ilardenburgh Corners," until 1805, 
 when the name was changed to Auburn. The surrounding country is 
 rich in argricultural productions, and the whole country is variegated by 
 hill and dale, without abrupt or large elevations in any section. On the 
 
 59 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 west it is bounded Ly that beautiful sheet of water known as Cayuga 
 Lake, upon whose picturesque banks stand several of the most charming 
 viMages in the State. 
 
 Auburn was incorporated as a city in 1848. It has ten churches, and ex- 
 tensive manufactories of almost every description. The public buildings 
 are tasteful and substantial, embracing a Court House, Academy, Theo- 
 logical Scminarj', Orphan Asylum, State Prison, Asylum for Lunatic 
 Convicts, and school housea sufficient for the education of three thousand 
 children. 
 
 The Court House was built upwards of fifty years ago. At the organ- 
 ization of the county in 1799, Seneca county was included in Cayuga, 
 and the judicial seat was erected on the site of the village of Aurora, on 
 the eastern shore of the lake. The structure was of the most primitive 
 kind, being nothing more than a roof of brushwood, sujiported by poles 
 cut from the neighboring forests — the contrast between the present 
 court house and such accommodations indicating the progress in civiliza- 
 tion which has taken place in that region within the last half century. 
 
 The Academy is an institution of considerable repute. It was estal)- 
 lished in 1811, when Auburn was a mere hamlet, and has borne a high 
 character ever since it was founded. 
 
 The Theological Seminary is a Presbyterian institution, established by 
 the Genesee Synod. 
 
 The Orphan Asylum, is supported by private benefactions, and by ap- 
 propriations from the county and State. 
 
 The Prison, one of the tlirce belonging to the State, stands on the 
 northern bank of the 0wi\6C0 Outlet, covering, with the otfices and yard, 
 about ten acres of ground. The building cost three hundred thousand 
 dollars, exclusive of the labor of the convicts employed in its erection. 
 The number of prisoners averages about eight hundred. 
 
 The Asylum for Lunatic Convicts stands on the ground formerly used 
 as the prison garden, in extent about ten acres. 
 
 Auburn has a cemetery, occupying a site of much interest to those 
 who are curious in the traditionary lore of the Indians It stands upon 
 an artificial eminence, supposed to have been the work of a race who 
 lived in the country anterior to its occupancy by the Indians. The red 
 men called them the '-Mound Builders." 
 
 60 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 Seneca is the largest town in the county of Ontario, and Geneva is the 
 largest village, although Canandaigua is the county seat Geneva is one 
 of the most beautiful places in the country. It lies on the left bank of 
 Seneca Lake, near its foot — a charming site, commanding a view of the 
 whole of that One sheet of water and the surrounding country, which is 
 distinguished alike for fertility and picturesque beauty. The main street 
 of the village runs parallel with the shore of the lake, and many of the 
 handsome residences of the wealthy citizens have gardens attached, which 
 are terraced down to the shore, a declivity of nearly a hundred feet. The 
 village was not incorporated until 1806, but the neighborhood was set- 
 tled at an early day. The Rev. Samuel Kirkland visited the shores of 
 the lake, on a mission to the Indians, in 1765. The most interesting fea- 
 ture of the village is the Ilobart Free College, so called from its chief 
 promoter, Bishop Hobart. Education is free to all in this excellent insti- 
 tution, no charge being made either for tuition or room. 
 
 Oak's Corners — is the next station Avest of Geneva, and about four 
 miles distant, a small hamlet containing about eighty inhabitants. 
 
 Phelps — so called from Oliver Phelps, one of the firm of Phelps & 
 Gorhara, who bought a large tract of land in this region about seventy- 
 five years ago, lies three miles further west, on Flint creek, near its junc- 
 tion with Canandaigua outlet. The village contains fifteen hundred in- 
 habitants. The town, which was formerly named Vienna, has a popula- 
 tion of nearly six thousand. -» 
 
 Cliftox, or Clifton Springs — four miles from Phelps, is a small vil- 
 lage of foiw hundred inhabitants. The place is noted for its medicinal 
 springs, and a large hydropathic establishment, where hundreds of pa- 
 tients, afiiicted with every ailment, real and imaginaiy, are soaked and 
 packed, week after week, some improving and others growing worse 
 under the treatment; but all flattering themselves that their ultimate 
 cure is certain. People may well differ in their opinion of the efficacy of 
 the water curt. Poor Lamb detested water, on account of its flavor. He 
 eaid it had tasted of sinners ever since the Flood. And then he had no 
 
 61 
 
TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 faith in its curative properties. The first experiment was made in 
 Noah's time, and ho had always understood that it killed more than it 
 cured. The system, as practiced at Clil'ton, has its advantages, undoubt- 
 edly. It cleans the patient up thoroughly; it enforces a rigid and whole- 
 some diet, ami secures habits of perfect regularity; while the sensible 
 and discreet head of the institution encourages all kinds of amusements 
 as promotive of cheerfulness and good nature. The situation of the Wa- 
 ter Cure is all that could be desired. The buildings stand on a living 
 stream ■Whicli descends from the adjacent liills, in close proximity to the 
 c'uirming grove, in the midst of which the sulphur springs arc foundl In 
 the summer Clifton is a place of considerable resort for pleasure seekers, as 
 well as those in search of health. The Spa House was built more than 
 half a century ago, when the springs, then gushing out from the borders 
 of a wild marsh and tangled forest, were visited by persons from the sur- 
 rounding country, who were afiBicted with bilious or cutaneous disorders. 
 It has been enlarged and improved within a few years, and although not 
 remarkable either for its table or accommodations, is a tolerable stopping 
 place for travelers on the wing. The glory of the spot is the noble old 
 grove, through which you pass in going from the hotel to the Water 
 Cure, the gymnasium, the springs and the luith houses. Below the grove, 
 and many feet lower than the mineral fountains, is a broad marsh, 
 through which the stream above alluded to flows, the volume of water 
 being considerably augmented by the overflow of th* sulphur springs on 
 its margin. Here it is proposed to form a lake, witk an artificial island 
 in its cen+re, to be planted with trees and shrubben , and adorned with 
 a i)avilion. Around the lake is to be a circular railway, similar to that 
 in the fairy -like Congress grounds at Saratoga, the laargin to be skirted 
 with shrubs and flowers. Should this design be exe uted, the Bcene will 
 be one of marvelous beauty. 
 
 About five miles west of Clifton is a station called Siiortsville, a 
 neighborhood of about thirty-five dwellings and a large distillery. 
 
 The most noted jdace in Western New York, during the latter part of 
 the last century, is now one of the handsomest villages in the country. 
 It is the capital of Ontario county, and was about the earliest point Bef>- 
 62 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 tied west of Utica. Pheljis <fe Gorham, who purchased a large tract of 
 land in this region, opened here the first land office ever established in 
 the United States. This was in 1789. The village contains the county 
 buildings, five churches, a State Arsenal, an Academy founded by 
 Phelps & Gorham, in 1795, and which is still in a flourishing condition, 
 and about five thousand inhabitants. The situation of the town is re- 
 markable for its picturesque character. Standing on a gentle eminence, 
 at the outlet of Canandaigua Lake, one of the finest of those beautiful 
 sheets of water with which the centre of the State abounds, and com- 
 manding an extensive view of the lake and surrounding country, taste- 
 fully laid out and well built, one can hardly imagine a more attractive 
 spot Brigham Young, the famous Mormon Chiet^ resided here, many 
 years, and at Fayette, in the adjoining county of Seneca, the first Mor- 
 mon society was formed in 1830. 
 
 Victor --is the next station, a place about ten miles from Canandai- 
 gua, containing four hundred inhabitants. The Seneca Indians formerly 
 had a considerable village neiir the place where Victor now stands. In 
 1687, the French Governor of Canada invaded the Seneca country with a 
 force two thousand strong,consisting of sixteen hundred soldiers and four 
 hundred Indians. A furious battle was fought, in which the French were 
 victorious, and several Indian villages destroyed. But the next year the 
 fierce Senecas invaded New France, as Canada was then called, and 
 slaughtered more than a thousand of their former conquerors. 
 
 From Rochester, -we follow tV.e branch to Suspension Bridge, hav- 
 ing first taken a run down the eight mile track to Charlotte, on the 
 bank of Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the Genesee river. This is the 
 lake port of Rochester, although the steamers to Toronto and Ogdens- 
 burgh make their principal landing at Carthage, at the foot of the 
 lower Genesee Falls, and only touch at Charlotte, on their way up and 
 down. The village contains only about four hundred inhabitants, but it 
 in a place of considerable activity and business enterprise, having three 
 ship yards, elevators, saw and planing mills, Ac, <fec. Sir James Yeo, 
 who commanded the British forces on the lake during the war of 1812, 
 and who strove so long with Commodore Chaunceyfor the mastery of its 
 waters, visited the Genesee several times, but he gathered no laurels in 
 either expedition. 
 
 63 
 
TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 Proceeding M-est from Rochester, we come to the towns of Brockiioit, 
 AH)ion and Medina, large, beautiful villages — Albion particularly so— 
 and all lull of enterprise. Immense quantities of fruit are raised ia this 
 sectioa and shipped abroad. 
 
 LocKPORT — the capital of Niagara county, is the largest village m the 
 State, containing upwards of thirteen thousand inhabitants. It is a place 
 of great enterprise and business activity, its early prosperity having been 
 caused by the Erie canal. Its growth since the construction of the rail- 
 road has proceeded with accelerated rapidity. The canal is made to 
 overcome the acclivity of the moiintain ridge, here some sixty feet in 
 lieight, by means of five locks — hence the name of the village — the sur- 
 plus wafer furnishing motive power for the extensive manufacturing es- 
 tablishments in operation there. As the water from the canal flows 
 directly from Lake Erie, the supply is abundant and uniform. Indeed, 
 the water required for this great channel of commerce for a hundred and 
 fifty-seven miles, is drawn from that exhaustless source. The advantages 
 
 "We have thus concluded our description of the most interesting places 
 in central New York, and in guiding the Tourist in his westward journey^ 
 where he will be most interested, in the scenery as well as in comfort of 
 traveling, let him get in the cars at Buftalo, that run along the shore of 
 Lake Erie, through Dunkirk, Erie and Cleveland, to Chicago, St. Louis, 
 Cincinnati or any other point in the West or South. We feel certain he 
 will never regret his journey or experience. 
 
 We would acknowledge our obligaUont to (he publishers of Harpers Ma^azinx for 
 iVustraiinns. 
 
 64 
 

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fG.W. WILLIAMS?) 
 
 TlCKIi r Ai.EN'I'. 
 
 Nov 19 1863 
 
 rorlUm.l, Main 
 
 f ornARU A 
 
 I IAStK.I%(E (O. I 
 
 ISov 24 lots] 
 
 EXCELSIOR STAMP 
 
 l^<»««nled Octot«. 31, jaee.) 
 
 8^^ THE RIBBON MOVES WITH THE MOTION OF THE MACHINE i 
 
 Ahiay- insiuingnbrigl.Hniiiro.8ion, ana Iromwliich can bo taken u].war.ls of 230.000 Impressions. \o ^ '^\ 
 
 Feb 23 18641 
 
 \ BOSTON. 
 
 641 
 
 This new mftchlne ha.s many ailvan(a;;cs over any other .'^tamp in ii-se; the Die is more easily r<>moTcd and replaced 
 tUan in any other machine; it is substantially made and so simple that it cannot get out of order. 
 
 x>xixN7ei n.iG»-HT sxx>z: xri" : 
 
 Every Half road and Ticket Agent! 
 
 Every Insurance Agent, Banker and Broker! 
 
 Every Merchant and Manufacturer ! 
 
 Every City and County Treasurer! 
 Ill fact every business man thotild ttave one of these machines. 
 
 A.I5IDK,ESS ORIDBRS TO 
 
 198 Washington Street, (up stairs,) BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 11. M. S & F . 
 June 22 1863 
 
 ALBANY, N. Yr 
 
 ^H. W. M.N 
 
 PAID 
 
 \ N.Y.C.R. y 
 
 PAYABLE IN CURRENT FUNDS 
 
 -A.T THE 
 
 PARK BANK, NEW YORK. 
 
 PAY Cash'r," 
 
 OR ORDER FOR COLLECTION 
 ON ACCOUNT OF 
 
 UNION B.\NK, NEW YORK. 
 
 Cashier. 
 
 ADAMS 
 
 [EXPRESS Co. 
 
 ,,241 
 
 £)y NEW YORK. 
 
 Persons ordering Btan&pa please ^ve the number and style of 2>xe. 
 
June 23 18 
 
Me vised Semi-3Iontlily. 
 
 TIME TABLES 
 
 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS 
 
 UNITED STATES AND CANADAS. 
 
 Express Trains, stopping only at the Principal Stations, printed in Bold-Face Figures, 
 in the Condensed Tables. Way and Mail Trains are printed in common figures. 
 
 BUFFALO : 
 
 FELTOX & BROTHER, PUBLISHERS, 
 
 159 Main Street. 
 
 1866. 
 
RAILWAY IXDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Advertiacmcnts on cover, nnd pa;rpB... 95 & i)K 
 
 Albany & Susquehanna 81 
 
 Albany North(n'u '" 
 
 Allechan V Vti lliw 81 
 
 Atlsinta & West Point 81 
 
 Atl'intic & GiviU Western 81 
 
 Atlantic &, North Carolina 81 
 
 Auburn & f'an'uclaiiiua 10 
 
 }5nltiraore <fc Ohio... 8! 
 
 Ba t'l via & Attica, see advertiaemeul (W 
 
 Bellefontaine. Terre Haute & St. Louis 81 
 
 Belvidere, Dtlwvare & Flemington 81 
 
 Boiston & Maini' 81 
 
 Boston & Providence 80 
 
 BoPton & Worcester ^2 
 
 Boston i Lowell 80 
 
 Buftalo & Erie, .'"'•; advertisement 73 
 
 Burlinpton cVs Alissouri River 8"2 
 
 Camden & Ambov 8-i 
 
 Camden & Atlantic 82 
 
 Canal, or New llaveu & Northampton 89 
 
 Canindaiiiua «& Bat.ivia, see advertisement... 71 
 
 Catawissa - 82 
 
 Central New Jersey 82 
 
 Central Ohio - 82 
 
 Cheshire 82 
 
 Chiciiso. Alton & St. Louis 8:^ 
 
 ChiciiL'o & Great Eastern 83 
 
 Chicajro, Burlin'.ton & Quincy 8:^ 
 
 Chica<ro it Milwaukee 83 
 
 Chicago & North Western 83 
 
 Chicago & Rock Island 83 
 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton 83 
 
 Cincinnati & Zanesville... 83 
 
 Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati 83 
 
 Cleveland & Eric, fe adrertiseinent 73 
 
 Cleveland & Pittsburi: 84 
 
 Cleveland* Toledo 84 
 
 Columbus & Indianapolis 84 
 
 Concord. Manchester* Lawrence 84 
 
 Connecticut* Passumpsic 84 
 
 Connecticut Kiver 84 
 
 Cumberland Vallev 84 
 
 Danbury & Norwalk 84 
 
 Dayton & I'nion 84 
 
 Delaware & Hudson 84 
 
 Del ware, Newcastle & Wilmin'.'ton 85 
 
 belaw'ire. Lfckawanna & Western 85 
 
 Detroit & Milwauk'e 85 
 
 Dover* Winninisse'gee 85 
 
 Dubuque* Sioux City 85 
 
 E.asteni, Mass 85 
 
 East Pennsvlvmia 85 
 
 EsstTennessae & Geornia 85 
 
 East Tennessee & Virginia 8^ 
 
 Erie 8' 
 
 Erie & Httsbur' 92 
 
 Evansville & » r wlordsville 8"> 
 
 Fitchhura: & Boston 8o 
 
 Georoia.. 8" 
 
 Grind Tiamk 8(5 
 
 I'AGE 
 
 Grand Trunk, Bnllalo Division wi 
 
 Great Western 8(J 
 
 Greenville & Columbia 8:; 
 
 Hannil)al & St Joseph 8!) 
 
 Housitonic, Conn. SH 
 
 Hudson River 86 
 
 11 r nois Centra 1 Wi 
 
 Indimapol s & Ciuciun-iti 87 
 
 Indiinipidis. Pera & Chicago 8i) 
 
 Indi !u \\H\m * Madison 87 
 
 Jetli'i'sonville 87 
 
 Kentucky Centr 1 87 
 
 Lackiwanna & Bloomsburg t;7 
 
 Lafayette & Indi'inapolis..". ST 
 
 Lake Shore, see advertisement a 
 
 Lehi'.'h Valley 87 
 
 Little Miami, Columbus & Xenia 87 
 
 Long Island 87 
 
 Louisville, Frankl'orr & Lexinvton 87 
 
 Louisville & Nashvillcs, see adwrtisement BO & 88 
 
 Louisville. New .\ll)any & Chicago b7 
 
 Macon * Western ." S8 
 
 Maine ( 'en tr 1 88 
 
 Marietta & Cincinnati S8 
 
 Memnliis & Ch rl'Ston ,•-8 
 
 Membhis, Clarksville & Louisville ^H) & S'8 
 
 Michi'.'in Central... ' SS 
 
 Micliicran Southern 88 
 
 Milwaukee * Pr '.irie dn Chien 88 
 
 Mihviukee* St. Paul 88 
 
 Minnesota Ceutr.il 88 
 
 Mississi))])! * Tennessee 88 
 
 Mol)'le * Ohio 89 
 
 Montreal & Champlain 89 
 
 Mcit:s * Essex 89 
 
 Nashville & Chatt'inooga 89 
 
 Ni'shvilie & Decatur 89 
 
 Nau'-',"tuck 89 
 
 New Haven, Hartford* Springfield 89 
 
 New Il.'iven & Northampton 89 
 
 Nl: 
 
 ■y 
 
 New London, Amherst & Belchertown . . 
 New Orleans. Jackson * Great Northern... 
 
 New York Centr il. .«<■<; adv j;8. (19, 70 & 
 
 New York Centr il Line of Steamers, see adv. 
 
 New Y'ork & Harlem 
 
 New York & New Haven 
 
 Northern , Ca nada 
 
 North Eastern. S. C 
 
 North ^Missouri, see advertisement mi rover, 
 
 Northern Central, see advertisements . .14, 75 & 
 
 Northern, N H 
 
 Norwich * Worcester 
 
 Osrdensbvu'g & Lake ChampLiin 
 
 Oil Creek 
 
 Ohio & Mississippi 
 
 Old Colony * Newnort 
 
 Orancre & Alexandria 
 
 Ott'iwa * Prescott 
 
 Pacific 
 
 Pennsvl vauiii Central 
 
 90 
 89 
 89 
 71 
 (;7 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 89 
 
 70 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 90 
 91 
 91 
 91 
 91 
 
BAIL WAY INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Philadelphia* Erie... 91 
 
 Philndelphia & Readina- 91 
 
 Phil idelphia, Wilm'naton & Baltimore 91 
 
 Pittsbiu-g & Connellsville 91 
 
 Pittsburg, Port Wnyne & Chicago 91 
 
 Pittsburg, Columbua & Ciucinnati 91 
 
 Pittsburg & Erie 92 
 
 Phittsburg & Montreal, Canada 02 
 
 Portland & Kennebec 92 
 
 Providence & Worcester 92 
 
 Raleiiih & Gaston 92 
 
 R'lritm & Debiware Bay 92 
 
 Reading & Columbia 92 
 
 Rensselaer & Saratoga, see advertisentent 77 
 
 Richmond & Dnnville, Va 92 
 
 Richmond & Petersburg '.•2 
 
 Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac 92 
 
 Rochester & Charlotte 69 
 
 Rome. Watertowu & Ogdensburg 92 
 
 Rutl'ind A BUrlinston 92 
 
 Rutlind & Washington' 77 
 
 St. Louis <fc Iron Mountain. 93 
 
 I Sandusky, Dayton & Cincinniti 93 
 
 Snndiisky. Mansfield & Newark... 93 
 
 Schuylkill & Susquehanna 93 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Shamoktn Valley & Pottsville 75 
 
 Shore Line, Conn 9g 
 
 South Carolina 93 
 
 South Western, Ga 93 
 
 Stonington & Providence 93 
 
 Syracuse & Bingharatou 93 
 
 Terre Haute & Indianapolis 93 
 
 Toledo, Wabash & Western 93 
 
 Toledo, Loganspovt & Buj-lington 94 
 
 Troy <fc Boston, see advertisement 79 
 
 Union Pacific 94 
 
 Utica & Black River 94 
 
 Vermont Central 94 
 
 Virginia Central 94 
 
 Virginia & Tennessee 94 
 
 Welland 91 
 
 Western & Atlantic 95 
 
 Western, Mass 94 
 
 Western Union 94 
 
 V/estern Vermont 77 
 
 West Jersey 95 
 
 Wilmington & Manchester... 95 
 
 Wilminston & Weldon 95 
 
 Worcester & Nashua _ . ..95 
 
 M'rightsville, York & tiolumbia 75 
 
 N. Y. CENTRAL RAILWAY 
 
 XjXX^X3 03?" iST^l.A.TSa.'EtlE=Lt&. 
 
 BUFFALO, CLEVELAND, SANDUSKY,TOLEDO 
 
 DETROIT AND GREEN BAY. 
 
 JPOR FMEI6HT OR PASSAGE APPLY TO 
 
 JOHN H. MORE, 239 Broadway, N. 
 M. B. SPAULDIXG, 2 A.stor House, 
 M. JI. CALEB & CO., 7 Coenties Slip, ' 
 J. H. WILGUS & CO., 127 Broad St., ' 
 R. G. BROWN, 5 Coenties Slip. ' 
 
 JOHN G. DALY, Boston, Mass. 
 
 ^OnN H. DOYLE, 
 
 Eastern Agent. 
 
 E. A. BUCK, Agent, Cleveland, O. 
 E. W. FITZHUGH, Agent, Sandusky, 0. 
 JOHN B. CARSON, Agent, Toledo, 0. 
 J. L. HURD & CO., Agts, Detroit, Mic»i,. 
 DOUSMAN & ELMOKE, Agents, 
 
 Green Bay, Wis. 
 
 T. D. DOTjE, General Affen/, 
 
 Foot of Michigan St., Buffalo. 
 
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 5 35 
 
 5 55 
 
 6 05 
 
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 3 30 
 
 4 05 
 
 4 32 
 
 5 00 
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 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rochester niid Syracuse 
 
 Division K. Y. Central. (Anbiirn Road.) 
 
 SYRACUSE TO ROCHESTER. 
 
 1 
 
 ROCHESTER TO SYRACUSE. | 
 
 Roch 
 Exp 
 
 Thro 
 Fgt 
 
 NY. 
 
 Mail 
 
 Ft& 
 Pass 
 
 Stm 
 Exp 
 
 Mail 
 
 Mis 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Mis 
 
 NY 
 
 Exp 
 
 Loc'I 
 
 V'A 
 
 Stm 
 Exp 
 
 Ft& 
 Pass 
 
 Alb. Roch ! 
 Exp 1 Exp 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. >I. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 
 LEAVE ARRIVE 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 1». M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 r. M. 
 
 
 12 00 
 
 6 45 
 
 7 00 
 
 1 45 
 
 (i 40 
 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 Geers 
 
 104 
 
 98 
 
 10 40 
 
 (j (x:' 
 
 1 25 
 
 8 00 
 
 11 15 
 
 
 
 
 7 07 
 
 7 45 
 
 2 05 
 
 7 02 
 
 S 
 
 Camillus 
 
 9() 
 
 10 11 
 
 5 20 
 
 1 03 
 
 
 10 50 
 
 
 
 
 7 13 
 
 7 55 
 
 2 13 
 
 7 OS 
 
 10 
 13 
 
 Marcelhis 
 
 Hallway 
 
 <t4 
 91 
 
 10 11 
 
 5 10 
 
 IS 58 
 
 7 08 
 
 10 40 
 
 
 
 1 20 
 
 7 30 
 7 40 
 
 8 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 7 25 
 
 17 
 21 
 
 Skaiif,at.ele8 
 
 Sennett 
 
 87 
 
 9 55 
 
 4 40 
 4 25 
 
 12 40 
 
 20 
 
 10 20 
 
 
 
 1 55 
 
 7 55 
 
 30 
 
 255 
 
 7 45 
 
 2(i 
 30 
 
 Aubm-n 
 
 Shiinpilse 
 
 78 
 71 
 
 9 30 
 
 4 00 
 3 05 
 
 12 20 
 
 5 35 
 
 9 55 
 
 j 
 
 
 2 45 
 
 H 30 
 
 10 25 
 
 3 'is 
 
 S 25 
 
 37 
 
 Cavxijra 
 
 O'i 
 
 9 (H' 
 
 2 (Kl 
 
 11 52 
 
 4 35 
 
 9 2(1 
 
 
 
 3 05 
 
 8 45 
 
 10 55 
 
 3 40 
 
 8 42 
 
 42 
 
 Seneca JFalls 
 
 ()2 
 
 8 45 
 
 1 30 
 
 11 38 
 
 4 05 
 
 9 05 
 
 j 
 
 
 3 20 
 
 8 55 
 
 11 3(1 
 
 3 50 
 
 ,s 55 
 
 45 
 
 Waterloo 
 
 .5!) 
 
 8 35 
 
 1 05 
 
 11 30 
 
 3 .50 
 
 8 .55 
 
 ] 
 
 
 3 50 
 
 it 13 
 
 12 20 
 
 4 10 
 
 9 14 
 
 52 
 
 Geneva 
 
 52 
 
 8 V, 
 
 12 20 
 
 11 13 
 
 3 05 
 
 8 ;!5 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 '.» 25 
 
 12 50 
 
 4 25 
 
 '.) 27 
 
 54 
 
 Oak8 Corners 
 
 48 
 
 8 05 
 
 11 55 
 
 
 2 .50 
 
 8 20 
 
 I 
 
 
 4 25 '.) 35 
 
 1 15 
 
 4 35 
 
 9 30 
 
 00 
 
 Phelps 
 
 44 
 
 7 55 
 
 11 40 
 
 10 53 
 
 2 40 
 
 8 10 
 
 1 
 
 
 •15 
 
 i 40 
 
 4 45 
 
 9 40 
 
 (J4 
 
 Chiton SpriiiLS 
 
 40 
 
 7 45 
 
 11 15 
 
 10 40 
 
 2 25 
 
 7 .55 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 9 5«^ 
 
 2 1(1 
 
 5 (X1 
 
 10 (XI 
 
 (19 
 
 Shortwville 
 
 .•!5 
 
 7 :« 
 
 10 .55 
 
 10 30 
 
 2 10 
 
 7 40 
 
 1 
 
 4 00 
 
 5 30 
 
 10 15 
 
 3 00 
 
 5 20 
 
 10 20 
 
 1.) 
 
 Cana nda i L'ua 
 
 29 
 
 7 15 
 
 10 2(! 
 
 10 15 
 
 1 45 
 
 7 25 
 
 10 15 
 
 
 
 10 30 
 
 3 25 
 
 5 35 
 
 10 35 
 
 H) 
 
 Farminjitou 
 
 24 
 
 7 00 
 
 9 4(; 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 25 
 
 (i 15 
 
 10 42 
 
 3 45 
 
 5 51) 
 
 10 45 
 
 K> 
 
 Victor 
 
 19 
 
 H 50 
 
 9 20 
 
 9 50 
 
 1 2(» 
 
 (J 55 
 
 9 50 
 
 
 () 40 
 
 1(1 52 
 
 4 (K» 
 
 li (XI 
 
 10 55 
 
 89 
 
 Fishers 
 
 15 
 
 40 
 
 9 05 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 (i 40 
 
 
 
 7 10 
 
 11 10 
 
 4 25 
 
 (i 20 
 
 11 15 
 
 9(5 
 
 Pittsford 
 
 8 
 
 (i 21 
 
 8 35 
 
 9 20 
 
 12 .50 
 
 (i 20 
 
 
 5 15 
 
 T45 
 
 11 30 
 
 5 00 
 
 (i 45 
 
 11 40 
 
 104 
 
 Rochester 
 
 
 (5 00 
 
 8 00 
 
 9 (X) 
 
 12 30 
 
 00 
 
 9 00 
 
 A. SI. 
 
 A. M 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 P. M. 
 
 p. -yi. 
 
 
 ARRIVE I-EAVE 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. • 
 
 Trains leaving Syracuse at 12 00 & 7 00 A. M., and 1 45 P. M., connect at Rochester with t"ain8 
 for Buffalo. Trains leaving at 12 00 & 7 (H) A. M., connect with trains for Suspension Bridt'c. 
 
 Trains leaving Rochester at (i 00 & 9 (X) A. M., and O 00 P. M., connect at SjTacuse with trains 
 for Albany. 
 
 JC^ The (i 45 A. M. train from Syracuse, and (5 00 P. M. train from Rochester, run on Sunday. 
 
 Rochester and \ia«ara Falls Division IV. Y. Central. 
 
 ROCHESTER TO NIAGARA FALLS. 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS TO ROCHESTER. 
 
 Exp Ace Mail Ace Exp r Exp Mis 
 
 4 48 
 
 5 10 
 
 (1 35 
 (i 50 
 
 A. M 
 
 A. M. 
 
 5 at 
 
 A. M 
 
 10 20 
 
 11 35 
 
 4011 
 
 00 
 
 2012 
 
 50l ' 
 12! 
 
 40' 1 
 
 55 1 
 
 M. P. 
 
 12 00 
 
 12 30 
 12 37 
 12 .5(1 
 1 01 
 1 15 
 1 .35 
 
 1 53 
 
 2 Oii 
 2 20 
 2 35 
 2 50 
 
 2 58 
 
 3 13 
 3 .35 
 3 50 
 
 p. M, 
 
 9 35 
 
 10 13 
 
 10 38 
 
 11 20 
 11 32 
 
 12 15 
 12 30 
 
 p. M. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 LEAVE ARRIVE 
 
 lincfiester 
 
 Gates 
 
 Spencevport 
 
 Ad.'Uns Basin 
 
 Brockport 
 
 .Holley 
 
 Murray 
 
 .Albion 
 
 Knowlesville 
 
 Medina 
 
 Middlepcnt 
 
 - O.T sp o rt 
 
 Lockpoit 
 
 Lockport Junction 
 
 S.iuboru 
 
 Suspension Bridge 
 
 Niagara Falls 
 
 AiaSlVE LEAVE 
 
 Mis : Exp Exp Mail I Exo Ex]) 
 
 7 50 
 
 7 10 
 
 Ci 5: 
 43 
 
 5 50 
 
 5 10 
 4 .55 
 A. ;« 
 
 9 55 
 
 9 28 
 9 22 
 9 08 
 8 57 
 8 4)S 
 8 35 
 8 2; 
 8 12 
 8 00 
 7 48 
 7 35 
 
 7 10 
 (i ,50 
 (i 35 
 
 A. M 
 
 4 50 
 
 1 35 
 
 11 48 
 
 11 20 
 11 05 
 10 ,55 
 
 10 20 
 10 05 
 
Caiiaii(l!ii«*ii{i, Batanji and Toiiawauda Divisou jV. Y. Centra!. 
 
 Mis 
 
 CANANDA IGUA TO TON A\VA>J DA. 
 
 Mail Ace Fr't 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 LEAVE 
 
 Canandaijgua _ 
 
 En St Bloomfleld 
 
 Miller's Cornera 
 
 West Bloomfleld 
 
 Honeoye Fulls... 
 
 West Kush 
 
 G. Val. R. R. Junction. 
 
 Maxwell's 
 
 Caledonia _ 
 
 Le Rov - 
 
 Stafford 
 
 (arrive. 
 
 I leave 
 
 East Pembroke 
 
 Richville 
 
 P.'Ukivk... 
 
 Akron _ 
 
 Clirence Centre 
 
 Transit 
 
 Getzvillu 
 
 ARRIVE 
 
 TonawanUa 
 
 Bataeia 
 
 p. M. 
 
 3 45 
 
 4 05 
 4 ];j 
 4 '>1 
 
 4 r, 
 
 4 40 
 
 4 45 
 
 5 10 
 5 40 
 
 5 55 
 
 6 15 
 a 3.5 
 
 3 55 
 
 4 11) 
 4 15 
 4 20 
 4 40 
 4 50 
 U5 
 
 o 20 
 
 p. Ji. 
 5 25 
 
 •V-o 
 
 (i 10 
 
 I! 2.5 
 
 (i 40 
 
 1 10 
 
 7 15 
 
 7 50 
 
 8 25 
 
 8 45 
 
 9 10 
 
 TONAWANDA TO CANANDAIGUA. 
 
 Mis 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 J.EAVE 
 
 Tonawanda 
 
 Gctzville 
 
 Transit 
 
 Clirence Centre. 
 
 Akron 
 
 F.'ilkirk 
 
 Richville 
 
 East Pembroke . 
 
 Batavia {j^'f;;" 
 
 Stafford 
 
 ve 
 
 Le Roy 
 
 C'lledouia 
 
 Maxwell's 
 
 O. Val. R. R. Junction.. 
 
 Wc-st Rush 
 
 Iloneove Falls 
 
 W.'st Bloomfleld 
 
 Miller's Corners 
 
 East Bloomfleld 
 
 ARRIVE 
 
 Canandaigua 
 
 Ace B"r t Mail 
 
 4 20 
 4 35 
 
 4 45 
 
 5 10 
 
 5 30 
 5 35 
 
 5 50 
 
 6 00 
 (j 10 
 6 20 
 
 G 40 
 
 j\ew York Central Railway Connections. 
 
 At Albany, with Hudson River and Harlem Railways and Steamers for New York— and Western 
 Railway for Boston, and Rensselaer and Sarato^ra R. R.. for all points North and North East. 
 
 At Troy, with Troy and Boston Railway for Rutland and Boston— and Rensselaer and Saratoga 
 Railway for Saratoga Springs, Whitehall, Rutland and Boston. 
 
 At Schenectady, with Rensselaer and Saratoga Railway for BiUston, Sai-atoga Springs, and all 
 points North and East. 
 
 At Vtica, with Black River and TJtica Railway for Trenton Falls and Boonville. 
 
 At Rome, with Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh Railway for Watertown, Cape Vincent and 
 Ogdensburgh. 
 
 At Syracicse, with Syracuse and Binghamton Railway— and Oswego and Syracuse Railway. 
 
 At Cayuga, with Steamers on the Lake. 
 
 At Geneva, with Steamers on the Lake. 
 
 At Canandaigua, with Northern Central Railway for Philadclphi!, Baltimore and Washington. 
 
 At Rochester, with Genesee Valley Railway. 
 
 At Charlotte, by Steamers to all ports on LakcjOntario. 
 
 At Buffalo, with Buffalo and Erie Railway to Cleveland— Grind Trunk Railway — and Steamers 
 on Lake Erie. 
 
 At Susperision Bridge, -with Great Western Railway through Canada West to Detroit. 
 
 At Lewiston, with Lake Ontario Steamers for Toronto, Kingston, Sackelt's Harbor, Cape Vin- 
 cent, Ogdensburgh, Montreal and Quebec. 
 
Through Routes by EYpress Passeii«'er Trains. 
 
 GOING WEST. 
 
 A. M. A. M. P. 
 
 7 45 11 00 5 
 
 M.lP. m.Ip m. 
 
 oo| : 00 n w 
 
 STATIONS. 
 . New York 
 
 GOING EAST. 
 
 p. M.lA. M. A. M.IP. M. : 
 
 10 30| 6 00| 7 00|l2 40| 
 
 BOSTON LINE. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. P. M. 
 
 
 p. M. 
 
 4 45 
 
 8 03 2 30 
 
 
 8 30 
 
 15 
 
 10 05 4 00 
 
 
 10 00 
 
 
 P. M. 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 8 :!(! 
 
 12 25 6 20 
 
 
 12 2(1 
 
 P. >i. 
 
 
 
 
 12 4(1 
 
 5 2i") 10 50 
 
 
 5 25 
 
 Leave 
 
 AiTive 
 
 Boston .. 
 
 . .Worcester . 
 ..Springfield 
 ... Albnny... 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. JI. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 Arrive 
 
 12 15 
 
 p. M. 
 
 00 
 
 3 50 
 
 3 5( 
 
 Leave 
 
 10 45 
 
 4 15 
 
 2 00 
 
 A. M. 
 
 2 00 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 8 53 
 
 2 10 
 
 p. M. 
 
 11 30 
 
 11 30 
 
 14 45 
 
 9 10 
 
 H 30 
 
 G 30 
 
 p. N. 
 
 5 00 
 3 40 
 1 46 
 
 V. M. 
 
 9 50 
 
 NEW YORK CENTRAL. 
 
 p. M 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 1 m 
 
 (i (Kl 
 
 11 15 
 
 12 a5 
 
 7 30 
 
 12 40 
 
 5 50 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 7 15 
 
 1 45 
 
 6 50 
 
 12 (M) 
 
 1 20 
 
 8 15 
 
 4 45 
 
 10 20 
 
 A. M. 
 
 3 25 
 
 4 20 
 
 11 ;J5 
 
 p. M. 
 
 ti 40 
 
 12 25 
 
 00 
 
 (i 40 
 
 1 40 
 
 10 20 
 
 4 00 
 
 3 00 
 
 10 15 
 
 5 30 
 
 n 40 
 
 5 15 
 
 5 00 
 
 11 30 
 
 t) 45 
 
 P. M. 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 35 
 
 3 55 
 
 9 40 
 
 p. M. 
 
 10 20 
 
 p. M. 
 
 5 15 
 
 12 15 
 
 (i ;« 
 
 1 15 
 
 1 15 
 
 8 :^o 
 
 12 30 
 
 6 50 
 
 1 80 
 
 1 30 
 
 8 45 
 
 11 50 
 
 6 20 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 00 
 
 8 00 
 
 Leave 
 
 .Albany Annve 
 
 ...Troy Leave 
 
 .Schenectady 
 Utica ... 
 
 > Arrive 
 i Leave . 
 I .\rrive 
 
 ...Syracuse... 
 Canandaigua. 
 
 . Rochester . 
 , Rochester . 
 
 l^upnension Bridge 
 
 .. Niagara Falls 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 4 30 
 ,4 85 
 
 3 45 
 12 50 
 
 A. M. 
 
 10 55 
 
 7 15 
 
 (i 00 
 
 8 10 
 
 5 10 
 
 4 45 
 
 5 30 
 
 p. M 
 
 7 45 
 7 50 
 
 7 00 
 3 45 
 
 1 35 
 10 15 
 
 10 05 
 
 (1 50 
 6 &5 
 
 7 30 
 
 1 40 
 
 1 00 
 
 10 a 
 
 8 10 
 1 45 
 
 12 80 
 4 50 
 
 1 80 
 1 15 
 
 2 20 
 
 H 00 
 6 30 
 
 5 15 
 2 15 
 
 12 10 
 7 25 
 
 9 00 
 
 5 40 
 5 20 
 
 A. M. 
 
 9 40 
 9 50 
 
 9 00 
 
 10 
 
 4 25 
 10 15 
 
 p. M. 
 
 9 (X) 
 
 A. M. 
 
 1 40 
 
 P M. 
 10 20 
 
 10 05 
 
 11 20 
 
 CINCINNATI LINE 
 
 p. M 
 11 45 
 
 5 50 
 
 4 20 
 
 A. JI. 
 
 6 30 
 
 
 p. M. 
 
 1 10 
 
 p. M. 
 
 9 W 
 
 10 10 
 
 
 4 25 
 
 A. M. 
 1 10 
 
 p. M. 
 2 10 
 
 
 7 55 
 
 5 0- 
 
 11 00 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 2 00 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 4 45 
 
 
 6 40 
 
 
 Leave 
 
 .\rrivc 
 
 ...Buffalo Annve 
 
 Erie Leave 
 
 .Cleveland 
 
 .Columbus 
 
 .Cincinnati 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 p. JI. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 4 50 
 
 
 1 35 
 
 A. M. 
 
 5 20 
 
 1 25 
 
 
 10 15 
 
 2 00 
 
 I'. M. 
 
 
 
 A. W. 
 
 9 40 
 
 
 30 
 
 p. M. 
 
 9 51 
 
 1 15 
 
 
 12|30 
 
 
 \. M. 
 
 
 
 
 8 25 
 
 
 8 00 
 
 
 P. 31. 
 
 10 40 
 7 35 
 4 00 
 
 A. M. 
 !1 00 
 
 7 00 
 
 CHICAGO LINES. 
 
 A. M 
 
 A. M.i 
 
 12 15 
 
 7 00 
 
 
 p. M. 
 
 10 30 
 
 5 25 
 
 p. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 11 45 
 
 G 30 
 
 2 55 
 
 10 10 
 
 
 p. M. 
 
 5 50 
 
 2 40 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 10 45 
 
 7 40 
 
 9 15 
 
 6 40 
 
 P M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 8 OU 
 
 G 00 
 
 p. 
 1 30 
 
 10 45 
 1 10 
 4 24 
 
 8 30 
 
 A. M 
 
 1 10 
 
 12 00 
 
 11 30 
 
 9 00 
 
 A. M 
 
 1 10 
 
 5 05 
 
 Leave Suspension Bridge Arrive 
 
 Detroit Leave 
 
 Buffalo AiTive 
 
 ..., .Erie Leave 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Toledo 
 
 Ci-estline 
 
 .•ive - Chicago 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 4 2.". 
 
 
 
 4 40 
 
 p. M. 
 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 7 :jo 
 
 
 
 7 30 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 
 P. M. 
 
 4 50 
 
 
 1 35 
 
 A. M. 
 
 5 20 
 
 1 25 
 
 
 10 15 
 
 2 00 
 
 p. M 
 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 9 40 
 
 
 « 30 
 
 9 50 
 
 5 05 
 
 
 
 4 50 
 
 6 25 
 
 
 
 6 25 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 
 V. M. 
 
 7 o;) 
 
 
 
 5 30 
 
 9 25 
 
 A. M. 
 11 00 
 
 3 25 
 
 12 50 
 
LAKE 8H0BE RAILWAY LIXE. 
 
 Buffalo <£■ Erie Railway.— D. Richmond, Pi-es., and J. Lewis Grant, Supt., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Cleveland <f: Erie Railway.— K. Stonb, Jr., Pres., and H. Nottingham, Supt., ClevelaBd, O. 
 
 Otis Kimball, General Aa;ent, Buffalo, N. Y. John F. Pokter, General Ap;ent, 247 Broadway, 
 
 New York. H. W. Carr, Western Agent, 54 Clark street, Chicago. I. J. Bassett, and H. K. 
 
 HoBART, Agents, Old State House, Boston. [July 2. 
 
 GOING WEST. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 GOING EAST. 
 
 Stm. 
 
 Tol, 
 
 llav 
 
 
 Ni-t 
 
 
 
 Cin. 1 Day i ] Ni't 
 
 N Y 
 
 Exp 
 
 p. M, 
 
 Exp. 
 
 Kxp. 
 
 Mail 
 
 p. M. 
 
 Esp. 
 
 Mis 
 
 
 Mis 
 
 Exp. 
 
 Kxp. 
 
 Mail 
 
 Exp. 
 
 Exp. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 LEAVE ARRIVE 
 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 9 00 
 
 30 
 
 6 55 
 
 7 09 
 
 1 10 
 
 4 00 
 4 25 
 4 40 
 4 46 
 
 11 45 
 
 10 
 15 
 
 .- Buffalo 
 
 ..Hamburg 
 
 538 
 523 
 
 10 40 
 
 5 20 
 
 10 10 
 9 45 
 
 9 30 
 
 4 50 
 
 1 .35 
 
 North Evans 
 
 
 9 55 
 
 7 22 
 
 2 00 
 
 5 03 
 
 
 21 
 
 Angola 
 
 ,517 
 
 
 4 .35 
 
 9 14 
 
 
 12 44 
 
 10 25 
 
 7 32 
 7 40 
 7 50 
 
 2 2(5 
 
 5 10 
 5 25 
 5 :33 
 
 12 55 
 
 26 
 29 
 31 
 
 Farnham 
 
 509 
 
 507 
 
 9 33 
 
 4 10 
 
 9 00 
 8 51 
 
 8 44 
 
 3 35 
 
 
 ..Irvinsr 
 
 
 ..Silver Creek 
 
 12 20 
 
 10 50 
 
 8 15 
 
 8 35 
 8 41 
 
 2 50 
 
 t; 00 
 6 10 
 38 
 6 45 
 
 1 15 
 
 40 
 
 48 
 50 
 
 leave 5 "-- ^^"'•^"' \ an-ive 
 
 Brocton 
 
 Portland 
 
 498 
 490 
 
 9 14 
 
 3 50 
 3 45 
 
 8 15 
 
 7 .52 
 
 7 46 
 
 3 15 
 
 12 02 
 
 11 40 
 
 9 00 
 
 3 34 
 
 7 10 
 7 20 
 
 1 50 
 
 57 
 62 
 
 Westfield 
 
 481 
 
 8 37 
 
 3 00 
 
 7 30 
 7 17 
 
 2 35 
 
 11 25 
 
 Riplev Crossing _ , 
 
 
 
 9 IS 
 
 
 7 3(i 
 
 
 65 
 
 Ripley 
 
 
 
 
 7 1(1 
 
 
 11 05 
 
 
 9 27 
 
 
 7 46 
 
 
 68 
 
 State Line 
 
 
 
 
 7 01 
 
 9. 19 
 
 
 12 25 
 
 9 40 
 9 55 
 
 4 05 
 
 8 05 
 8 16 
 8 25 
 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 80 
 
 ...North East 
 
 
 8 05 
 
 
 6 52 
 6 44 
 6 35 
 
 
 10 47 
 
 Haibor Creek 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 37 
 
 
 84 
 
 Wesle vville 
 
 
 
 
 6 20 
 
 
 
 1 05 
 
 10 15 
 10 37 
 
 4 S5 
 
 8 50 
 
 2 55 
 
 88 
 
 EHe 
 
 Fairview 
 
 450 
 
 7 .35 
 
 2 00 
 
 6 10 
 
 1 25 
 
 10 15 
 
 1 40 
 
 10 48 
 
 11 00 
 
 5 08 
 
 
 3 16 
 
 103 
 
 ....Girard 
 
 Sprinirfield 
 
 435 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 18 
 
 11 18 
 11 .30 
 
 5 37 
 
 
 
 115 
 123 
 
 Conneaut 
 
 Kings\ille 
 
 423 
 415 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 51 
 
 11 51 
 
 12 15 
 12 28 
 
 6 09 
 
 
 4 05 
 
 129 
 138 
 143 
 
 Ashtabula 
 
 Geneva, 
 
 .- Madison 
 
 409 
 400 
 395 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 53 
 
 12 55 
 1 20 
 1 45 
 
 7 00 
 
 
 4 55 
 
 154 
 165 
 
 174 
 
 Painesville 
 
 .Willouchby 
 
 Euclid 
 
 384 
 .373 
 .364 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 05 
 
 2 10 
 7 30 
 6 00 
 1 15 
 10 50 
 
 4 45 
 
 5 10 
 
 7 55 
 1 00 
 11 .30 
 S 30 
 1 50 
 40 
 5 10 
 
 5 30 
 
 5 50 
 
 10 40 
 9 30 
 1 15 
 
 11 30 
 
 4 20 
 
 5 20 
 
 183 
 295 
 5.38 
 
 Clevland 
 
 ...Toledo ._ 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Louis^^lle 
 
 355 
 
 243 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 10 45 
 
 p. M. 
 
 10 45 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 9 00 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 St. Loui.s, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ARRIVE LEAVE 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. p. M.'p. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 All Express Trains, make direct connections at Buffalo, with Express Trains on New York 
 
 Central Railway, for Niagara Falls, Albany. New York, Boston, &c. 
 
 All Express Trains connect at Cleveland with Cleveland & Toledo and Cleveland, Columbus 
 
 & Cincinnati Railways, for Cincinnati, Chicago. St. Louis, &c. Also connect at Cleveland, with 
 
 Cleveland & Pittsburg Railway, Cleveland & Mahoning Railway and with steamers for upper 
 
 Lakes. 
 
 Connect at Girard with Pittsburg & Erie Railway ; at Dunkirk with Ei-ie Railway. 
 
NOKTIICRN CEIVTKAL KAILWAY. 
 
 Jas. D. Cameron, President: J. ^. Du Barhy, Gt-n Siiiit. ; J. S. Leib. Ti-ens. ; R. S. HoixiNS, 
 Sec. : and E. S. Youso. Gen. Freip;lit and Passi-nirer Acrent. B-iltimore. [Auff. 5. 
 
 GOING NOPiTH. 
 
 Har. |F;i?t!Y'rk Erie Buff. 
 Ace. Ma' Line Ace. Exp. Exp. Mis 
 
 7 20 
 7 28 
 
 8 00 
 8 08 
 
 8 25 
 
 8 35 
 
 !) 15 
 '.) 28 
 
 9 44 
 
 10 00 
 
 10 0' 
 
 10 35 
 10 40 
 
 10 58 
 
 11 10 
 11 
 
 12 00 
 
 A. M. 
 
 7 00 
 9 .50 
 9 25 
 
 9 3;: 
 
 A. HI 
 
 7 3(1 
 
 11 50 
 
 12 in 
 12 IC 
 
 9 5 
 
 10 00 
 10 11 
 
 10 21 
 
 10 30 
 
 10 45 
 
 11 02 
 11 10 
 
 1 2' 
 11 44 
 
 11 51 
 
 12 15 
 12 20 
 
 12 34 
 12 43 
 12 55 
 
 1 20 
 
 2 20 
 
 1 35 
 
 2 05 
 2 2' 
 2 40 
 
 2 50 
 
 3 05 
 3 20 
 3 35 
 
 3 50 
 
 4 00 
 4 13 
 4 27 
 
 12 42 
 12 51 
 
 1 03 
 
 1 10 
 
 1 23 
 
 1 3! 
 
 1 4 
 
 2 00 
 2 12 
 
 2 18 
 
 .- 40 
 2 45 
 
 2 .57 
 
 3 0(1 
 3 16 
 
 3 7 
 
 3 40 
 
 3 .50 
 
 4 10 
 
 4 35 
 
 4 50 
 
 5 08 
 5 23 
 
 5 38 
 
 5 48 
 
 6 00 
 6 15 
 
 4 40 (J 30 
 
 P. M. P. M. P. M 
 
 3 30 
 3 38 
 
 4 18 
 4 30 
 
 4 45 
 
 4 50 
 
 5 15 
 
 p. M. 
 
 4 .'JO 
 8 50 
 7 20 
 7 28 
 
 8 00 
 8 11 
 
 8 2(3 
 
 8 37 
 
 8 55 
 
 5 35 9 15 
 5 44 9 20 
 
 5 58 
 
 6 12 
 
 6 20 
 6 50 
 
 9 35 
 9 50 
 
 10 25 
 10 30 
 
 10 45 
 
 10 58 
 
 11 3 
 
 11 27 
 
 11 45 
 
 12 30 
 12 00 
 12 20 
 
 1 00 
 
 r. M 
 
 8 00 
 8 50 
 10 10 
 .0 Ifi 
 
 10 28 
 
 10 38 
 10 45 
 
 10 5". 
 
 11 o;, 
 
 11 15 
 
 11 28 
 1 S£ 
 
 11 47 
 
 11 5t, 
 
 12 
 
 12 25 
 12 » 
 
 12 4: 
 1) 5 
 
 1 0,: 
 1 1 
 
 1 30 
 
 2 20 
 
 1 4 
 
 2 05 
 
 2 4.'-, 
 
 2 5 
 
 3 o; 
 
 3 40 
 
 3 5i 
 
 4 03 
 4 
 
 4 30' 
 
 4 4 
 
 A. M. 
 
 GOING SOITTII. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 iBnff. Y'rk Fa?t lh\T. Cin. 
 I :M18 Mail Exp. Ace. Line Ace. Exp. 
 
 LEAVE ARRIVE 
 
 .. Washinpton 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Baltimore 1 
 
 Bolton 
 
 Woodberry 
 
 Melvnle 
 
 . . Mt. Washington . . 
 
 Relay 
 
 Rider's 
 
 Luthcnille 
 
 Timonium 
 
 Texns 
 
 Cock< vsville 
 
 Aahland 
 
 Phoenix 
 
 Sparks' 
 
 Glencoe 
 
 Corbitt'8 
 
 Moukton 
 
 B' le Mourt 
 
 White Hall .... 
 
 Parktoii 
 
 Bee Tree 
 
 Freelands 
 
 Summit No. 1... 
 
 Shvewsbc' ry 
 
 Glenrock 
 
 . Hanover Junction 2 
 
 Smvser's 
 
 Glatft;!ter'8 
 
 Brilhart's 
 
 '"T ^ Vnvi.- 3 S Ive 
 Ivej -YoikS. ^^^^ 
 
 Emigrsville 
 
 Simmit No. 2... 
 
 Cnnew.igon 
 
 Goldf>bbro 
 
 . Middletown Terry . 
 
 .{•■dBnn' 
 
 New Cumberland 
 arr J Bridsje 
 port 1 
 
 Harris- < he 
 Ivo j burf/ 5 \ arr 
 
 Fairview 
 
 Marysville 
 
 Dauphin 6 
 
 ... Clark's Fen-y ... 
 
 Halifax 
 
 M - n e 
 
 Liveipool 
 
 Mah;' ntonro 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 Trevorton 
 
 Selin'8 Grove ... 
 
 ARRIVE LEAVE 
 
 z\ 
 
 (Iv, 
 
 ) an 
 
 25(1 
 
 9 25 
 5 40 
 () 00 
 5 55 
 
 5 1 
 5 04 
 
 4 20 
 
 4 01 
 3 55 
 
 3 35 
 3 21. 
 
 3 IS 
 
 2 50 
 2 45 
 
 2 30 
 
 1 58 
 
 1 4 
 
 1 '^ 
 1 35 
 1 15 
 12 .53 
 12 40 
 12 30 
 12 l(i 
 11 51) 
 
 11 30 
 11 20 
 11 0(i 
 10 52 
 
 10 40 
 
 A. M 
 
 10 20 
 7 00 
 7 00 
 (i 5; 
 
 6 23 
 G 15 
 
 6 02 
 
 5 37 
 
 5 24 
 5 1 
 
 5 00 
 
 4 43 
 
 4 ir 
 
 4 10 
 
 3 
 3 45 
 3 33 
 
 3 20 
 
 3 05 
 
 2 20 
 2 50 
 2 30 
 
 1 55 
 1 45 
 
 1 28 
 1 11 
 12 5(; 
 
 12 
 
 12 .31 
 12 20 
 12 05 
 
 11 50 
 
 P. M 
 
 10 \: 
 10 Oi 
 
 9 25 
 9 12 
 
 8 58 
 
 8 4- 
 
 8 30 
 
 8 15 
 8 07 
 
 7 50 
 7 35 
 
 7 2' 
 
 7 00 
 
 p. M. 
 
 5 05 
 1 00 
 12 31) 
 12 24 
 
 12 0': 
 
 11 52 
 11 45 
 
 11 31 
 
 10 58 
 10 52 
 
 10 40 
 10 25 
 
 10 19 
 
 10 00 
 9 5' 
 
 9 43 
 
 9 35 
 9 25 
 
 9 13 
 
 9 00 
 
 8 nr. 
 8 a- 
 
 8 05 
 7 50 
 7 33 
 7 18 
 
 7 03 
 ti 53 
 (J 43 
 6 2' 
 
 6 15 
 
 A. .M 
 
7". 
 
 
 
 
 . Noitheni 
 
 feiitial Raihv;iy 
 
 (eontiniietl.) 
 
 
 
 
 GOING NORTH. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 GOING SOUTH. 
 
 Har. 
 
 
 Fast 
 
 Y'rk 
 
 Erie 
 
 Bnff. 
 
 
 
 
 Buff. 
 
 Y-rk 
 
 Fast 
 
 H^rir 
 
 Cin. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Mail 
 
 Line 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Ksp. 
 
 Exp. 
 
 Mis 
 
 
 Mis 
 
 Ma'l 
 
 Exp. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Line 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Exp. 
 
 V. 51. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 .4. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 
 LEAVE ARRIVE 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 4 40 
 
 C 30 
 
 
 
 4 45 
 
 138 
 
 ..Northumberland .. 
 
 Lewisburg 
 
 Milton 
 
 Watsontown 
 
 Dewart 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Muncy. .". 
 
 118 
 
 10 40 
 
 11 50 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 fi 5(1 
 
 S «,•) 
 
 
 
 6 55 
 
 17S 
 
 nrr } yVilhams- ( Ive 
 Ive 3 port I arr 
 
 78 
 
 8 45 
 
 55 
 
 
 4 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 185 
 
 Cocau Ynlley ... 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 188 
 
 Crescent .. 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19-> 
 
 Trout Run 
 
 04 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 yoo 
 
 Lycomins: 
 
 51 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 yot' 
 
 Kahton 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 'J17 
 
 Canton 
 
 3!! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 yoo 
 
 _..Alba 
 
 3-; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y-Jn 
 
 .. West Granville .. 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y30 
 
 Trov 
 
 yt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y35 
 
 Columbia X R( ads 
 
 ai 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ] 1.5 
 
 
 
 11 :-!5 
 
 2.5r, 
 
 ...Elmira 8 
 
 
 
 
 5 30 
 
 
 1 05 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 01) 
 
 
 
 3 0€ 
 
 
 CauandniLTUa 
 
 
 
 a 00 
 
 
 10 ao 
 
 
 
 
 
 b ao 
 
 
 
 5 0(! 
 
 
 Eocheeter 
 
 
 
 -i-i 30 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 30 
 
 
 
 8 00 
 
 
 Biill'ilo 
 
 
 
 7 30 
 
 
 () 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 y 3.5 
 
 
 
 8 00 
 
 
 Ni-isara Falls... 
 
 
 
 (J 3,5 
 
 
 5 aO 
 
 
 
 
 
 H 20 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 
 Pittsburc; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 .^. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 P. M 
 
 A. M. 
 
 
 ARRIVE LEAVE 
 
 
 p. M. 
 
 P. M. 
 
 P. M. 
 
 A. 51. 
 
 P. M. 
 
 P. M. 
 
 1 Connects 
 
 1 Connects 
 
 2 Connects 
 
 3 Connects 
 t Connects 
 5 Connects 
 
 5 Connects 
 
 6 Connects 
 
 7 Connects 
 * Connects 
 
 witli 
 with 
 with 
 w'th 
 w'th 
 with 
 with 
 w'th 
 with 
 with 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railway, and Washinsrton Branch. 
 
 Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore liiiilway. 
 
 Hanover Branch Railway. 
 
 Wrifrhtsville. York & Columbia Railway. 
 
 Cumberland Valley Raihwiy. 
 
 Pennsylvania Centr.'il Railway. 
 
 Lebanon Valley Railway. 
 
 Schuylkill & Susquehanna Railway. 
 
 Phila'delphia & Erie Railw.iy. 
 
 Erie Railway, and Elmira & Canandaipiia Railway. 
 
 Parkton Trains.— Trains leave Baltimore (Calvert Station) for Parkton, at I'i 30 & 5 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Parkton at 30 A. M. and 2 45 P. M. 
 
 WRIGBITSVILLE, Y RK & COIXMBIA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave York for Wrightsville at (5 45 A. M., and 12 10 & 3 00 P. M. 
 
 Returning— Leave Wrightsvill ■ at 8 GO A. M., and 1 20 & 7 00 P. M. Distance 13 miles. Con- 
 nects at Wrightsville with Philadelphia trains. 
 
 SHAMOKIJV VALLEY & P0TT8VILLE RAILWAY. 
 
 (LE_\SED AND RUN BY NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY.) 
 
 Going West — Leaves Mt. Carmel at 7 50 A. M., arr. at Shamokin at 8 25, and Sunbury at 9 40 A. M. 
 Going East— heaves Sunbury at 4 40 P. M., arr. at Shamokin at 5 55, and Mt. Carmel 6 40 P. M. 
 Distance 28 miles. 
 
7(; 
 
 Northern Central Railway 
 
 DIRECT SOUTHERN ROUTE! 
 
 PASSENGER AND FREIGHT LINE. 
 
 TO BALTIMOEE, WASHINGTON, PHILADELPHIA, 
 Ilarrisbiirj^. Williamsport, and all Points Sonlli! 
 
 Passenger Trains run through between ROCHESTER and BALTIMORE 
 
 without change of Cars. Only one change between ROCHESTER 
 
 and PHIIjADELPHIA or WASHINGTON. 
 
 Freij^Iit carried tliroiigli from Biiffiilo, Suspension Bridge, or any point on New 
 York Central icithoiit transfar. Only one change from points on 
 
 ERIE RAILWAY AND BALTIMORE OR PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 This route to the Sonth offers to passengers and shippers of freight, greater advan- 
 tages than those possessed by any other line, being from 100 to 200 miles shorter 
 from Northern, Central and AVestern New York, than via New York City, with a 
 corresponding reduction of fare and rates of freight, and less changes of cars. Cars 
 loaded with freight in Buflalo. Rochester, or any point on New York Central, go 
 through to destination without breaking bulk. Freight from points on Erie Railway 
 is carried to destination with only one change. 
 
 The arrangements with our connections at Canandaigua with the New York Cen- 
 tral, and at Elmira with the Erie Railway, at AVatkins with Lake and Canal Navi- 
 gation from points not reached by rail, are such as to enable us to guarantee to our 
 patrons full satisfaction in time and rates of transportation. 
 
 The devastation of the Sotithern States by the late war. in the destruction of 
 almost tlieir entire stock of cereals, fruits, &c., will compel our Southern planters to 
 seek in the North the means of renewing their stock, and this great and direct 
 avenue, now successfully opened, offers a quick and safe transit. 
 
77 
 
 RENSSELAER & SARATOGA RAILWAY. 
 
 Compnsing Rensselaer & Saratoga, Albany Northeim, Saratoga <£■ Schenectady, Saratoga cC White- 
 hall and Rutland <£• Washington Railways. 
 Geo. H. Cramer, President. [July 16.] I. V. Baker, Superintendent. 
 
 TRAINS GOING NORTH. 
 
 TRAINS GOING SOUTH. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Mis 
 
 Mail 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Exp. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Mis 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Mail 
 
 Exp. 
 
 
 1 
 5 
 6 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 43 
 4S 
 4'.) 
 52 
 57 
 61 
 65 
 71 
 73 
 
 79 
 81 
 85 
 91 
 93 
 95 
 
 A. M. 
 
 7 10 
 
 8 00 
 7 30 
 7 36 
 7 49 
 
 7 58 
 
 8 13 
 8 38 
 
 8 46 
 
 9 05 
 9 20 
 9 47 
 
 10 00 
 10 05 
 10 13 
 10 25 
 10 36 
 
 10 47 
 
 11 05 
 11 15 
 11 10 
 11 33 
 11 40 
 
 11 50 
 
 12 m 
 
 12 13 
 12 20 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 5 15 
 
 4 00 
 
 5 3f) 
 5 35 
 5 4S 
 
 5 57 
 
 6 15 
 639 
 
 6 48 
 
 7 05 
 7 15 
 7 42 
 
 7 58 
 
 8 05 
 8 13 
 8 25 
 8 35 
 
 8 45 
 
 9 03 
 9 13 
 9 10 
 9 35 
 9 43 
 9 55 
 
 10 12 
 10 18 
 10 25 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 12 40 
 
 1 00 
 1 05 
 1 10 
 1 24 
 
 1 41 
 
 2 06 
 2 14 
 2 35 
 
 p. M. 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 10 
 14 
 16 
 24 
 26 
 
 31 
 
 a5 
 
 38 
 43 
 46 
 47 
 52 
 
 63 
 
 69 
 
 83 
 89 
 91 
 94 
 95 
 
 A. M. 
 
 5 00 
 5 06 
 5 12 
 5 28 
 5 37 
 
 5 4^ 
 
 6 05 
 6 00 
 6 10 
 6 28 
 6 39 
 
 6 50 
 
 7 02 
 7 13 
 7 19 
 
 7 33 
 
 8 00 
 8 10 
 8 29 
 
 8 38 
 
 9 01 
 9 18 
 9 23 
 9 .35 
 9 40 
 9 55 
 9 40 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 2 45 
 2 51 
 
 2 57 
 
 3 20 
 3 30 
 
 3 38 
 
 4 05 
 4 05 
 4 15 
 4 33 
 4 43 
 
 4 53 
 
 5 03 
 5 12 
 
 5 20 
 
 5:k 
 
 6 00 
 6 10 
 6 29 
 
 6 39 
 
 7 02 
 7 20 
 7 25 
 7 40 
 7 45 
 7 .50 
 6 .50 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 Schenectady 
 
 Troyi 
 
 Centre Rutland 
 
 West Rutland 
 
 Castleton 
 
 
 
 
 Watei-ford 
 
 
 
 Albany Junction... 
 
 Mechanicville 
 
 East Line 
 
 
 
 i^ I Junction, arr. 
 5 3 ^ L. Cham. I've. 
 K-^^ (Junction, I've. 
 Comstocli's La" ding 
 
 
 Ballston 2 
 
 
 Gansevoorts 
 
 Moreau 3 
 
 
 Smith's Basin 
 
 Dunham's Basin... 
 Fort Edward 
 
 
 Fort Edward, 
 
 
 Smith's Basin 
 
 Fort Ann 
 
 Gansevoorts 
 
 ^-'■atoga[S,l- 
 
 
 Comstock's La'diug 
 
 3 00 
 3 19 
 
 
 East Line 
 
 
 ::•*= (Junction, I've 
 Fairiiavea 
 
 Mechanicville 
 
 Albany Junction . . . 
 Waterford 
 
 3 50 
 
 4 05 
 
 
 4 13 
 
 Castlcton5 
 
 Green Island 
 
 AiT. at Troy 
 
 4 25 
 
 West Rutland .. . 
 
 4 30 
 
 Centre Rutland 
 
 Albany 
 
 4 40 
 
 AiT. at Rutland 6 
 
 Schenectady 
 
 
 
 p. M. 
 
 j 1 Connects with Hud. Riv. R'way; Troy & Sche- 
 nectady R'way; Troy & Greenbush R'way. 
 
 1 Steamboats to New York, &c. 
 
 2 June, of Saratoga & Schenectady Railwav. 
 
 3 Glen's Falls, Lake George, i&c. 
 '' St'inboats to Burlington, Plattsb'h & Mont. 
 5 June, of Rutland & Washington Railway. 
 •5 Connects witli Rutland & Burlington R'wav. 
 
 Rutland & Wasliiii«'t«ii Division. 
 
 GOING NORTH. | GOING SOUTH. 
 
 Mail 
 
 NEx 
 
 Mis 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 Mis 
 
 NEx 
 
 Mail 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 
 LEAVE ARRIVE 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 1 00 
 
 40 
 
 
 Troy 
 
 
 4 40 
 
 4 15 
 
 1 45 
 
 10 30 
 
 
 . Eagle Bridge . 
 
 63 
 
 3 50 
 
 3 15 
 
 1 59 
 
 10 46 
 
 6 
 
 - _ Cambridge . . 
 
 57 
 
 3 33 
 
 9 58 
 
 2 11 
 
 10 58 
 
 11 
 
 Shushan ... 
 
 . . Baxten'ille . . 
 
 52 
 
 3 20 
 
 2 46 
 
 2 27 
 
 11 15 
 
 18 
 
 Salem 
 
 45 
 
 3 03 
 
 2 27 
 
 2 47 
 
 11 37 
 
 27 
 
 Rupert 
 
 36 
 
 2 40 
 
 2 05 
 
 3 02 
 
 11 55 
 
 M 
 
 Pawlet 
 
 29 
 
 2 23 
 
 1 49 
 
 3 09 
 
 12 03 
 
 37 
 
 . - - Granville . _ . 
 
 26 
 
 2 15 
 
 1 41 
 
 3 14 
 
 12 OS 
 
 .39 
 
 .Mid. Granville. 
 
 24 
 
 2 10 
 
 1 36 
 
 3 28 
 
 12 2;^ 
 
 45 
 
 ... Poultney ... 
 ... Hostbrds ... 
 
 18 
 
 1 55 
 
 1 22 
 
 3 44 
 
 19, 39 
 
 .52 
 
 ... Castleton... 
 
 11 
 
 1 37 
 
 1 06 
 
 4 00 
 
 1 00 
 
 59 
 
 .West Rutland. 
 
 4 
 
 1 20 
 
 12 50 
 
 4 05 
 
 1 05 
 
 61; 
 
 Centre Rutland 
 
 2 
 
 1 15 
 
 12 45 
 
 4 10 
 
 1 10 
 
 63 
 
 Rutland 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 12 40 
 
 p. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 
 ARRIVE LEAVE 
 
 
 A. M. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 Sclieiiectady DiAlsioii. 
 
 Trains going North, leave Schenectady for 
 Hall'wav House, Ballston and Saratoga, at 8 00 
 A. M., 4^00 and 7 20 P. M. 
 
 Going South, leave Saratoga for Ballston, 
 Half-way House and Schenectady, at 6 15 A. M. 
 and 6 00 P. M., connecting with trains on New 
 York Central Railway. 
 
 Distance 22 miles. 
 
 Albany Division. 
 
 Trains going North, leave Albany for Ceme- 
 tery, West Trov, Cohoes, Waterford and Junc- 
 tion, at 7 10 and 8 15 A. M., 12 40, 2 40 and 5 15 
 P. M. 
 
 Going South, leave Junction for Waterford, 
 Cohoes, West Troy, Cemetery and Albany, at 
 8 05 and 9 20 A. M., 1 30, 4 00 and 7 20 P. M. 
 
 Distance 12 miles. 
 
NORTH MISSOURI RAILWAY. 
 
 Isaac II. Sturgeon, President and Gen. Supt., St. Louis. John O. Parrar, Yke Pi-es. John 
 F. Hume, Fund Commissioner. Henry Overstolz, Business Director. J. B. Moulton, Chief 
 Enp., St. Louis. Jas. A. Pelps. Asst. Supt. H. H. Wheeler, Gen. Ticket Agent, and W. W. 
 Ehninger, Gen. Freight Agent, St. Louis, Mo. R. T. Brown, Gen. Trav. Agent. [Jan. 19. 
 
 CONNECTIONS. 
 
 At St. Joseph, vrith the Platte Coun- 
 ty Railway, to Atchison, Weston, 
 and Savannah; also, with Tri- 
 Weekly Line of Packets and Daily 
 Line of Stapes for Nebraska City, 
 Council BlulTs and Omaha. 
 
 At Atchison, with the Daily Over- 
 land Stages, to Denver City, Salt 
 Lake City, the Gold Mines of 
 Idaho and Nevada. Bannock City, 
 Virginia City and California. 
 
 At Weston, with Daily Packets for 
 Kansas City. 
 
 At Leavenuiorth City, with Daily 
 Stage Line for Lawrence. Le- 
 compton. Port Riley, Santa Fe, 
 and all points of New Mexico; 
 also, with Tri -Weekly I.iine to 
 Ossawatomie and Fort Scott. 
 
 At Omaha, with Daily Stage Line to 
 Ft. Kearney, at which place they 
 connect with the California Over- 
 land Stages for Denver City, Sac- 
 ramento, ifcc. 
 
 St. LOUIS TO St. JOSEPH. | St. JOSEPH to St. LOUIS. 
 
 ExDiMls 
 
 Jl^Bc sure and call for Tickcl- 
 "Via yoiih Missouri Hailwaj/." 
 CARS WITH RUTTAN S PATENT 
 for Warming and Ventilating in 
 Winter, and for Cooling and Venti- 
 lating in Summer, are in use on the 
 A'ocWi Missouri Railway. 
 
 [[-^ Tickets on sale at all the 
 piincipal ticket offices in the coun- 
 try, and !it No. 4(1 Fourth street, 
 under ••Phinters' House." and the 
 depot at North Market Street, St. 
 Louis. 
 
 I. n. STURGEON. 
 
 Pres. <t Gim. Sttpt. 
 H. H. Wheeler, 
 
 Gen. Ticket Agent. 
 
 8 5G 
 
 <) 11 
 (I .32 
 
 10 10 
 H) 54 
 
 11 12 
 11 3.5 
 
 11 44 
 
 12 06 
 12 20 
 
 1 12 
 
 I ai 
 
 1 48 
 
 2 05 
 2 20 
 
 2 40 
 
 3 08 
 3 25 
 
 3 48 
 
 4 14 
 
 5 05 
 5 35 
 ti 11 
 G 30 
 T 15 
 
 7 .54 
 
 8 30 
 
 9 05 
 !) 25 
 
 10 27 
 10 .52 
 
 II 40 
 12 05 
 
 1 4i 
 
 2 09 
 
 3 05 
 3 4 
 5 li 
 
 5 40 
 
 6 1 
 
 7 00 
 
 8 W 
 
 A. M 
 
 LEAVE 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 MlsiExp 
 
 ARRIVE 
 
 St. Louis 1 
 
 Bellefontaine 
 
 Jennings 
 
 Fei"guson 
 
 Grahams 
 
 Bridarton 
 
 Ferrv Laudina 
 
 St.. 'Charles^ 
 
 Dnrdenne 
 
 O'Pallon 
 
 _ . PeiTuquc 
 
 Wentzville 
 
 ..Millville 
 
 Wrights 
 
 W'arrfnUm 3 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 Jonesburg 
 
 High Hill 
 
 Florence 
 
 Montsromery 
 
 Wellsville 
 
 Martinsburg 
 
 Jeffstown 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Centralia 
 
 Sturgeon 
 
 Renick 
 
 Allen 
 
 Jacksonville 
 
 Bevier 
 
 Callao 
 
 Bucklin 
 
 St. Catherine 
 
 Brookficld 
 
 Laclede 
 
 ChiUcothe 5 
 
 _ Utica 
 
 Breckenridge .- 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Cameron 
 
 Osborn 
 
 Stewartsville 
 
 Easton 
 
 St. Joseph 6 
 
 ARRIVE LEAVE 
 
 JI^^ A'o Sunday Trains. 
 
 1 Con. with Railways diverging from St. Louis. 2 Steam- 
 ers to Nebraska. Kansas, &c. 3 Staires to all towns on the 
 Missouri River. 4 Connects with Hannibal & St. Joseph 
 Railway. * Stages to Brunswick. 6 Connects with Platte 
 Co. Ruilwav.-and Steamers to Kansas Citv, Leavenworth, 
 Council Bhilfs, &c. 
 
TROY & BOSTON \M> WESTKRIV VERMOiVT RAILWAYS. 
 
 D. T. Vail. Pivsidpiit; D. Robix?on, Yico-Presideiit; C. W. Moslet, Siipt. Troy, N. Y. F. C. 
 White. Supt. Western Vermont Rjiihvny. L. A. McClitre, Geu. Ticket Agent, Troy, N. Y. 
 M. B. Waters, Pnsaenger Agent, 273 Broiidway, New York. [July 16. 
 
 GOING NORTH. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 GOING SOUTH. 
 
 M.ail 
 
 Exp. 
 Fr't. 
 
 Exp. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Nt. 
 Esp. 
 
 Mis 
 
 Mis 
 
 Nt. 
 Esp. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 NY 
 
 Exp. 
 
 Mail 
 
 A. M. 
 8 1.^ 
 
 M. 
 
 12 00 
 
 12 n 
 
 12 29 
 12 42 
 12 47 
 12 53 
 1 13 
 1 25 
 
 p. M. P. M. 
 
 1 00 4 45 
 
 P. M. 
 
 9 45 
 9 55 
 10 05 
 10 13 
 10 Iti 
 10 21 
 10 32 
 10 35 
 
 4 
 9 
 12 
 14 
 17 
 21 
 23 
 26 
 
 LEAVE ARRIVE 
 . jTroj/ 1 
 
 48 
 44 
 39 
 
 a5 
 
 31 
 
 27 
 25 
 22 
 
 A. M. 
 
 4 40 
 4 29 
 4 18 
 4 10 
 4 08 
 4 03 
 3 54 
 3 50 
 
 p. M. 
 
 9 30 
 9 19 
 9 10 
 9 02 
 8 59 
 8 53 
 8 40 
 8 ,30 
 8 30 
 
 A. JI. 
 
 2 4.5 
 2 33 
 2 22 
 2 13 
 2 09 
 2 02 
 1 50 
 1 45 
 1 .38 
 
 p. M. 
 
 4 15 
 4 03 
 3 .52 
 3 43 
 3 39 
 3 32 
 3 20 
 3 15 
 
 p. M. 
 
 5 50 
 
 8 a.T 
 8 3t; 
 
 8 4-1 
 8 47 
 8 53 
 
 1 00 
 1 19 
 1 25 
 1 28 
 1 32 
 1 42 
 1 45 
 1 50 
 
 4 5(i 
 
 5 OS 
 5 10 
 5 20 
 5 2(3 
 5 39 
 5 45 
 5 50 
 
 Liinsingburgh 
 
 AlSrs 
 
 .Sctmghticoke 
 
 ..Valley Falls 
 
 Johnson ville 
 
 5 40 
 5 .30 
 5 23 
 5 20 
 5 15 
 
 9 04 
 9 09 
 
 Bu sk i rk Sj 
 
 Eagle Bridge 2 
 
 5 04 
 4 58 
 
 9 15 
 
 Hoosick Junction 
 
 4 50 
 
 9 20 
 
 
 2 00 
 2 09 
 2 17 
 2 27 
 2 34 
 2 44 
 
 2 ,50 
 
 3 00 
 
 5 58 
 (J 06 
 14 
 tj 24 
 () 32 
 43 
 
 6 49 
 6 55 
 
 
 07 
 .^0 
 33 
 31; 
 39 
 43 
 45 
 48 
 
 . . Hoonck Falh 
 
 21 
 18 
 15 
 12 
 9 
 5 
 3 
 
 57 
 56 
 52 
 49 
 44 
 39 
 36 
 30 
 25 
 22 
 18 
 13 
 9 
 6 
 
 
 8 16 
 8 04 
 7 57 
 7 49 
 7 41 
 7 .3? 
 
 7 20 
 
 1 30 
 1 19 
 1 13 
 1 06 
 1 00 
 12 ,52 
 12 40 
 12 40 
 
 
 4 45 
 
 9 27 
 9 33 
 9 42 
 9 48 
 
 Hoosick Comers 
 
 Peterslnii-g 
 
 _ North Fownal 
 
 Pownal 
 
 4 37 
 4 31 
 4 25 
 4 19 
 
 9 57 
 
 10 0? 
 
 Williamstowu 
 
 Blackinton 
 
 4 11 
 4"06 
 
 10 10 
 
 North Adams 
 
 4 00 
 
 
 
 
 9 20 
 9 24 
 
 
 1 .54 
 
 1 58 
 
 2 10 
 
 P. M 
 
 5 .54 
 
 5 .58 
 10 
 (i 17 
 29 
 42 
 
 6 50 
 
 7 05 
 7 17 
 7 25 
 7 35 
 7 47 
 
 7 55 
 
 8 03 
 8 20 
 
 p. M. 
 
 
 28 
 3.3 
 35 
 40 
 45 
 48 
 .54 
 59 
 02 
 06 
 71 
 75 
 7S 
 
 North Hoosick 
 
 Walloorasac 
 
 A. M. 
 
 8 24 
 8 20 
 8 12 
 8 01 
 7t47 
 7 35 
 7 2" 
 7 12 
 6 52 
 6 48 
 6 .32 
 6 19 
 6 09 
 6 OC 
 5 45 
 
 A. M. 
 
 1 35 
 1 32 
 1 25 
 
 p. M. 
 
 11 40 
 11 25 
 11 00 
 10 22 
 9 53 
 9 16 
 8 55 
 8 30 
 7 50 
 7 25 
 7 02 
 6 32 
 6 09 
 5 46 
 5 27 
 
 A. M 
 
 4 41 
 4 37 
 
 9 35 
 9 41 
 9 53 
 10 05 
 
 North B'^nninqion 3 
 
 South Sim ftsbury 
 
 ..Shaftsbury 
 
 .' Arlington 
 
 4 25 
 4 19 
 4 06 
 3 .54 
 
 10 1-.; 
 
 Sunderland . 
 
 3 46 
 
 10 30 
 
 Manchester 
 
 3 33 
 
 10 43 
 
 
 3 18 
 
 10 .50 
 
 North Dorset 
 
 3 10 
 
 10 .5! 
 
 
 3 00 
 
 11 13 
 11 22 
 
 South Wallingford 
 
 . Wallingford 
 
 2 48 
 2 .39 
 
 11 3t 
 
 
 2 30 
 
 11 45| 
 
 184 
 
 Rutland ^ 
 
 2 15 
 
 A. M 
 
 |P. M. 
 
 P. M. 
 
 1 
 
 ARRIVE LEAVE 
 
 p. M, 
 
 1 Connects at Troy by Railway and Steamboat for New York ; also, with Rensselaer & Saratoga 
 
 and New York Centnil R''ilw«y8. 
 
 2 Connects with Rutlmd & Washington Railway. 
 
 3 Branch R;iilwav to Benninston, makinc close connections, 
 
 1 Connects with Jutland & Burlington Railway for Burlington, Rouse's Point, Montreal, &c. 
 
 TiiKoroH Routes from New York to Boston.— Vir. New York & New Haven; New Haven, 
 
 Hartford & Springfield ; Western ; and Boston & Worcester Railways. 
 Leave New York at 8 00 A. M., 12 15, 3 00 & 8 00 P. M., arriving at Boston at 5 05 P. M., 
 
 12 15 &6 00 A. M. 
 Retiu-niug— Leave Boston at 4 45 & 8 30 A. M., and 2 30 & 8 30 P. M. 
 
 Also by the following Steamboat Routes, lea\ing at 5 00 P. M., an-, at Boston about 6 00 A. M. 
 
 Via Steamboat to Fall River, and Old Colony & Boston Railway. 
 
 Via Steamboat to StoniugtoU; and Boston & Providence Railway. 
 
 Vi:i Steamboat to Norwich, and Norwich & Worcester and Boston & Worcester Railways. 
 
80 
 
 Great Middle Route to the South! 
 
 Louisville & JXTashville 
 
 AM) 
 
 MEMPHIS & LOUISVILLE RAILWAY LINE, 
 
 COMPRISING THE 
 
 MEMPHIS, CLAEKSVILLE & LOUISVILLE, AND MEMPHIS & OHIO EAILWAYS. 
 
 The completion of this line opens np a direct all rail route between Louisville 
 and iMemphis. passing throtigh Bowling Green, Clarksville, Paris and Humboldt. 
 Distance ','>n miles, being 118 miles shorter than avy other route. 
 
 The pleasure and business travel returning Sontli, will find this the shortest, quick- 
 est, and in every respect the most desirable route to 3Iemphis, Vicksburg, New 
 Orleans, Mobile, and all points in the lower Mississip])! valley. 
 
 Two daily trains run through from Louisville to Memphis without change of cars. 
 Only one change of cars between Louisville and Jloljile, and two changes between 
 Louisville and New Orleans. 
 
 Passengers taking the Lake Shore Railway from Buffalo make direct connection 
 either via Indianapolis or Cincinnati with trains south on this line, via Clarksville 
 and Humboldt to Memphis, or via Nashville and Chattanooga, to Atlanta, and 
 points in Central Georgia and Alabama. 
 
 Steamers of the U. S. Mail and People's Line, leaving Cincinnati daily at 12.00 
 noon, 4 00 P. M. and 5.00 P. M.. connect with morning train from Louisville, .south. 
 
 Steamers of the Atlantic and Ml.ssissippi Steamship Co. depart from Memphis 
 daily on the arrival of evening trains on this line. 
 
 Direct connection is made at Humboldt witli the Mobile and Ohio, and Alississippi 
 Central Railroads for Mobile, New Orleans, Vicksburg and all intermediate points. 
 
 Connection is also made at Memphis with the Mississippi and Tennessee Railway 
 for New Orleans, Vicksburg and intermediate points. 
 
 Ask for Tickets via LOUISVILLE. 
 THIS ROUTE IS 125 MILES SHORTER THAN THE NORTHERN ROUTE VIA CHICAGO. 
 
 Passengers holding through tickets have privilege of stopping over at Cave City 
 to visit Mammoth Cave, resuming their journey at pleasure, without additional cost. 
 
 SAM. B. JONES, A. F. GOODHUE, ALBERT FINK, 
 
 Supt. M. & O. K. R Supt. M. C. & L. R. R. Gen'l Supt. L. & N. R. R. 
 
Express Trains in Bold-Face Figures. 81 
 
 ALBANY & SlISQl EIIANNA RAILWAY. 
 
 Lo'ive Albanv for Fnadilla, and way stations, at 7 30 A. M. and 1 10 P. M. 
 Returnin.ir— Leave Unadilla at 10 00 A. M. and 2 45 P. M. Distance 100 miles. 
 
 ALLEGHENY VALLEY RAILWAY. 
 
 l^eave Pittsbiirs for Kitlanintr, Mahonin£r, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. and 4 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Maliouing at 6 20 A. M. and 2 15 F. M. Distance 44 miles. 
 
 ATLANTA & WEST POINT RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Atlanta for West Point, and way stations, at 7 00 A. IVI. 
 Ketnmiug — Leave West Point at 11 45 P. M. Distance 87 miles. 
 
 ATLANTIC & GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave S.nlamanca for Meadville, WaiTen, Cleveland, Cincinnati, and way stations, at 5 30 A. M. 
 
 and 12 10, 6 35 & 11 00 P. M. 
 Ketiirning— Leave Cincinnati at 40 A. M. and 10 40 P. M., and Cleveland at U 10 & 9 30 A. 
 
 M., and 4 15 & 9 25 P. M. Distance to Cincinnatti 448 miles. 
 
 Franklin Branch. — Leave Meadville for Franklin, Oil Citv, and way stations, at 15 A. M. 
 
 and 9 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Oil City at 9 15 A. M. and 2 30 P. M Distance 3() miles. 
 
 ATLANTIC & NORTH CAROLINA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Goldshoro for Newbnrn, Morehead City, and way stations, at 8 15 A. M. 
 Returning at 3 15 P. M. Distance 05 miles. 
 
 BALTOIORE & OHIO RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Baltimore for Harper's Feii-y, Grafton, Wheeling, and way stations, at S 50 A. M. and 
 
 9 00 P. M. 
 Retnraing— Leave Wheeling at 7 00 A. M. and 12 28 & 8 25 P. M. Distance 379 miles. 
 
 Washington Branch. — Leave Baltimore for Washington, and way stations, at 4 10, 7 05, 8 45 
 
 & 9 45 A. M., and 3 15, 4 15 & 7 45 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Washington at 7 00, 8 00 & 11 15 A. M., and 2 45, 4 30, 6 30 & 7 30 P. M. 
 
 Distance 40 miles. 
 
 BELLEFONTAINE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cleveland for Bellefontaine, Indianapolis, and way stations, at 7 45 A. M. and 8 20 P. M. 
 Retm-ning — Leave Indianapolis at 4 00 A. M. and 7 45 P. M. Distance 282 miles. 
 
 BELVIDERE, DELAWARE & FLEMINGTON RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia for Manunka Chunk, Scranton, Great Bend, and way stations, at 7 30 A. M 
 
 and 3 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Great Bend at 7 30 A. M. and 2 00 P. M. Distance 213 miles. 
 
 BOSTON & MAINE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Boston for Portland, and way stations, at 7 00, 7 30 & 10 15 A. M. and 12 00 M., and 
 
 3 00 5 00 & 6 0(J P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Portland at 8 40 A. M. and 2 50 P. M. Distance 111 miles. 
 
82 TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 BDSTOIV & WORCESTER RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Boston for Worcest'.-r, and wnv Pt.itioiis, and 7 00 A. M. and 1 30 & 4 30 P. M. Express 
 Trains leave for Framingham aud Worcester only, at 4 45 & 8 30 A. M., and 2 30, 5 30 
 & 8 30 P. M. 
 
 Returniniz— Leave Worcester at 4 Ip, fi 50. 9 25 & 45 A. M., and 2 00, 3 40, 4 15, 10 50 & 
 12 00 P. M. Extra Trains for Lower Falls and Brookline. Distance -15 miles. 
 
 B(KST»3V & LOWELL RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Boston for Lowell and Wilton at 1 00, 8 00, 10 00 A. M. & 12 00 M., and 2 30, 5 30 
 
 & 6 00 P. M. 
 Retiirnins'— Leave Lowell at 7 00, 7 30 & 9 34 A. M., and 12 20, 2 15, 5 30 & 9 30 P. M. 
 
 Leave Wilton, at 6 15 & 1 1 00 A. M., and 3 30 P. M. Distance 55 miles. 
 
 BOSTON & PROVIDEiVCE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Boston for Providence at 7 25. 10 30 & 1 1 10 A. M., and 4 00, 5 30 & 8 30 P. M. 
 Keturnins— Leave Providence at 4 20, 7 00 & 10 -10 A. :M., and 4 10 & 7 30 P. M. 
 Connoctin'j: with cars for Stonington and New London, and with steamboat to and from New York 
 dailj'. Distance 43 miles. 
 
 BIRLINGTON & MISSOl RI RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Burlington for bttnniwa, and wav stations, at 5 00 A. M. and i 40 P. M. 
 Retmiiing— Leave Ottumwa at 10 00 A. M. and 7 45 P. M. Distance 115 miles. 
 
 CAMDEX & AMBOY RAILWAY. 
 
 VIA STEAMBOAT AND UAILWAV. 
 
 Leave Pier No. 1, New York, for Bordeutown, Camden, Philadelphia, and way stations, at 5 00 
 
 A. M. and 2 00 & 4 00 P. M. 
 Ketnrning— Leave Philadelphia at 5 00 A. M. and 2 00 & 5 30 P. M. Distance 92 Miles. 
 
 CAMDEN & ATLANTIC RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia for Camden. Waterford, Atlantic, and wav stations, at 7 30 A. M. and 2 GO P. M. 
 Ketnrning— Leave Atlantic at 7 OS A. M. and 4 42 P. M. Distance 00 miles. 
 
 CATAWISSA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia for Catawissa, Williamsport, and wiy stations, at 8 15 A. M. and 3 30 P. M. 
 Retm'ning— Leave Williamsport at 8 45 A. M. and 1 32 P. M. Distance 197 miles. 
 
 CENTRAL RAILWAY OF NEW .lERSEY. 
 
 Leave New York for Elizabeth, Enston, and way stations, at 7 00, 8 00 & 9 00 A. M., 12 00 M., 
 
 and 4 00, 5 00, 6 15, 7 .30 & 8 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Easton at 2 10, 7 09 & 7 20 A. M., and 1 10, 1 35 & 7 20 P. M. Extra 
 
 Trains from New York, to way stations. Distance 75 miles. 
 
 CENTRAL OHIO RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Columbna for Newark, Zauesville, Bellaire, and way stations, at 5 00 A. M. and 2 35 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Bellaire at 5 00 A. M. and 3 50 P. M. Distance 137 miles. 
 
 CHESHIRE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Fitchburg for Keene, Bellow.-* Falls, and way stations, at 9 15 A. M. and 1 25 & 7 25 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Bellows Falls at 3 50 & 8 00 A. M., and 2 40 P. M. Distance M miles. 
 
jj.^" Express Trains in Bold-Face Figures. 83 
 
 CBIICAfiO, BlRLll^GTOiV & <HH>'CY RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Chicago for Galesbui'g, Bui'liugton, Quincy, and way stations, at 8 20 A. M. and 4 30 P. M. 
 
 & 12 GO night. I 
 
 Rptnrninj:— Leave Quincy at 3 15 A. M. and 4 00 P. M., and Burlington at 6 00 A. M. and 7 00 P 1 
 
 M. Distance to Quincy 2(i5 miles. • i 
 
 CHICAGO, ALTON & ST. LOUIS RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leave Chicago for Joliet, Bloomington, Springfield, Alton, St. Louis, and way stations, at 8 10 A. 
 
 M. and 4 45 & 8 05 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave St. Louis at 7 30 A. M. and 3 50 P. M. Distance 280 miles. 
 
 CHICAGO & GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY. ; 
 
 Leave Chicago for Logansport, Cincinnati, and way stations, at ti 00 A. M. and 5 30 & 9 00 P. M. 
 Returning leave Cincinnati at 7 00 A. M. and 5 40 JP. M. Distance 294 miles. i 
 
 CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, LA CROSSE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY, j 
 
 Leave Chicago for Waukegan, Kenosha, Racine, Milwaukee, La Crosse, and way stations, at 9 00 | 
 A. M., and 2 00, 4 20 & 5 04 P. M. ! 
 
 Returning — Leave La Crosse at 5 00 A. M. and 1 00 P. M. Distance 280 miles. 
 
 CHICAGO & i\ORTII WESTERN RAILWAY. 
 
 Wisconsin Division. — Leave Chicago for Janesville, Fond du Lac, Oshkoeh, Fort Howard and 
 way stations, at 9 00 A. M., and 4 30 P. M. 
 
 Returning — Leave Fort Howard at B 30 A. M., and 3 15 P. M. Distance 242 miles. 
 
 Galena Division.— Leave Chicago for Elgin, Rockford, Freeport, Dunleith, and way stations, at 
 9 00 A. M., and 10 00 P. M. 
 
 Returning- Leave DunleitU at 5 15 A. M., and 4 00 P. M. Distance 188 miles. 
 
 Dixon & Iowa Division.— Leave Chicago for De Kalb, Dixon, Cedar Rapids, Boonsboro, and way 
 stations, at 8 15 A. jM. and V 00 P. M. 
 
 Returning— Leave Boonsboro at 10 00 A. M., and Cedar Rapida at 6 45 A. M., and 5 20 P. M. Dis- 
 tance 342 miles. 
 
 Beloit & Madison Branch. — Leave Chicago for Beloit, Madison and way stations, at 4 30 P. M 
 
 Returning — Leave Madison at 7 50 A. M. and 3 15 P. M. Distance 138 miles. 
 
 CHICAGO & ROCR ISLAND RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Chicago for Joliet, Peoria, Rock Island, Davenport, and way stations, at 9 00 A. M., 4 45 
 
 P. M. and 12 00 night. 
 Returning — Leave Davenport at 7 35 A. M. and 7 50 P. M. Distance 184 miles. 
 
 CINCINNATI, HAM. & DAYTON, and DAY. & MICH. RAILWAYS. 
 
 Leave Cincinnati forDavton, Toledo, Detroit, and way stations, at 7 00 & 9 40 A. M., and 3 00, 
 5 40, 6 00 & 10 50 P. M. For Hamilton only at 7 00 P. M. 
 
 Returning— Leave Dayton for Cincinnati at 3 50 & 7 20 A. M., and 3 00, 4 10 & 6 40 P. M. Accom- 
 modation Trains troiu Hamilton at 4 00, 6 40 & 9 50 A. M. Distance 267 miles. 
 
 CINCINNATI & ZANESVILLE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cincinnati for Zancs\1lle, and way stations, ,it 8 25 A. M. and 4 00 P. M. 
 RetiUTsiug- Leave Zauesville at 9 .55 A. M. and 1 00 P. M. Distance 168 miles. 
 
 CLEVELAND, COLUMBUS & CINCINNATI RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cleveland for Crestline, Columbus, and way stations, at 6 30 A. M. and 2 45 & 8 20 
 
 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Columbus at 11 10 & 12 45 A. M., and 3 00 P. M. Distance 138 miles. 
 
84 TRA VELER S G UID E 
 
 CLEVELAIVI) & PITTSBI Rf; RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cleveland for Alliance, Wellsville, Pittsburg and way stations, at 8 10 A.M., and 2 40 & 
 
 3 40 P. M. 
 Retnrnini;— Leave Pittsburg at 6 10 A. M., and 3 .30 & 1 55 P. M. Distance 150 miles. 
 
 RivKR Division.— Leave Pittsburg for 'WTieeling at (1 10 A. M., and 1 .55 & 4 35 P. M. 
 Keturning— Leave Belle Air at 6 10 & 10 40 A. M., and 4 05 P. M. Distance 95 nulea. 
 
 CLE^TLAXD & TOLEDO RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cleveland for Grafton, Fi-emont, and Toledo, at 8 30 A. M. and 2 40 & 6 25 P. M., 
 
 and for Sanduskv at 4 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leavt! Toledo, at 4 50 & 9 55 A. M., and 5 05 P. M., and leaving Sandusky at 
 
 6 45 A. M. Distance 113 miles. 
 
 ( OLl MBl S & IXDIAXAPOLIS RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Columbus for Urbana, Piqua, Richmond, Indianapolis, and way stations, at 9 20 A. M. and 
 
 1 00. 5 00& 11 45 P. M. 
 
 Returning— Leave Indianai)olis at 4 15 A. M. and 2 45 & 8 00 P. M. Distance 188 miles. 
 
 C OXCORI), MAINCIIESTER & LAAVREXCE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Boston for Lowell, Nashua, Manchester, and Concord, at 7 00 & 8 00 A. M. and 12 00 M., 
 
 and 2 30 & T) 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leaver Concord at 5 30, 7 30 & 10 15 A. M., and 3 30 & T 45 P. M. 
 Leave Boston via Lawi-ence for Concord, at 7 30 instead of 8 00 A. M. as above. All other trains 
 
 same as above. 
 
 ( OXINECTKI T & PASSUMPSIC RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Newport for St. Johnsbury, Wells River, White River Junction, and way stations, at 7 15 
 
 A. M. and 7 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave White River Junction, at 8 20 A. M. and 1 45 P. M. Distance 105 miles. 
 
 CONXECTKUT RIVER RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Springfield for Northampton, Greenfield, South Vernon, and way stations, at 7 45 A. M. 
 
 and 2 (10 & () 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave South Vernon at 4 35 & 9 23 A. M., and 3 40 P. M. Distance 50 miles. 
 
 tlMBERLAlVD VALLEY RAILWAY. 
 
 Lenv(' Harrisburg for Carlisle, Chambersburg, Hagcrstown, and way stations, at 8 40 A. M. and 
 
 2 00 P. Si. 
 
 Returning- Leave Ilagerstown at 8 10 A. M. and 12 00 ISI. Distance 74 miles. 
 
 DANBURY k IVORAVALK RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Danbury for South Norwalk, at 6 25 A. M. and 12 10 & 4 55 P. M. 
 
 Returning— Leave South Norwalk for Danbm-y, at 9 00 A. M., and 2 00 & 6 35 P. M. Distance 
 24 miles. 
 
 DAYTOxX & LXIOX RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Dayton for Union City, and wav stations, at 10 15 A. M. and 1 50 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Union City at 7 30 A. M. and 2 40 P. M. Distance 47 miles. 
 
 DELAW ARE & HLDSOIV RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Scranton for Providence. Carboudale, and way stations, at 10 20 A. M. and 4 20 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Carbondale for Scranton, at 8 20 A. M. and 2 20 P. M. Distance 17 miles. 
 
Express Trains in Bald-Face Figures. 
 
 DELAWARE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Wilmington for Salisbury, nnd way stations, at 10 35 A. M., and for Hnn-ington, 6 00 P. M. 
 Ketuvninc— Le.nve Salisbury lor Wilmington, at 10 30 A. M., and Harrington at 6 10 A. M. and 
 ] -ri 30 P. M. Distance 103 miles. 
 
 DELAW ARE, LACRAWAI\ii\A & WESTERN RAILW AY. 
 
 Leave New York for Mauuuka Chunk, Scranton, Great Bend, and way stations, at fl 00 A. M. and 
 
 4 01) P. M. 
 Pteturniug— Leave Great B(aid at 1 50 & 7 15 P. M. Distance 190 miles. 
 
 DETROIT & MiLWALREE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Detroit for Owasso, Grand Haven, Milwaukee, and way stations, at 8 00 & 10 30 A. M., and 
 
 8 00 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Milwaukee at 8 00 P. M. Distance 2T4 miles. 
 
 DOVER & WIIVIVIPISSEOGEE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Dover for Alton Bay, and way stations, at 11 00 A. M. and 5 50 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Alton Bay at 8 30 A. M. and 2 45 P. ^L Distance 28 miles. 
 
 DIJBIIQI E & SIOl X ( ITY RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Dubuque for Cedar Rapids, Cedar Palls, and way st'itions, at 10 00 A. M. 
 Returning — Leave Cedar Palls at 8 50 A. M. Not t-ompleti^d. 
 
 EASTERN (MASS.) RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Boston for Lynn, Salem, NewburyiDort, Portsmouth. Portland, and way stations, at 7 15, 
 
 7 30 & 10 30 A. M.. and 12 15. 3 00, 5 00 & 10 P. M. ' 
 
 Returning— Leave Portsmouth at 6 15, 9 00 & 11 15 A. M., and 5 30 P. M., and Portland at 
 
 8 40 A. M. and 2 50 P. M. Distance 108 miles. 
 
 EAST PENNSYLVANIA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Reading for Lyons, Allentown, and way stations, 4 49 «fc 10 52 A.M., and 4 25 P.M. 
 Returning— Leave Allentown at 7 00 A. M., and 4 15 & 12 35 P. M. Distance 30 miles. 
 
 EAST TENNESSEE & GEORGIA RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leave Knoxville for Athens, Chattanooga, and way stations, at 7 10 A. M. and 8 30 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Chattanooga at 7 00 A. M. and 7 25 P. M. Distance 112 miles. 
 
 EAST TENNESSEE & VIRGINIA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Bristol for Russellville, Knoxville, and way st'itions, at 12 20 A. M. 
 Returning— Leave Knoxville at 12 30 P. M. Distance 130 miles. 
 
 ERIE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New York for Dunkirk, ButFalo, and way stations, at 7 45 & 10 00 A. M., and 3 00, 
 
 4 30, 5 30, 7 00 & 8 00 P. M. 
 Returniuir- Lea\'e Dunkirk at 7 10 & 9 30 A. M., and 4 15 P. M. Leave Buffalo at 5 30 <fc 
 
 8 30 A. M., and 2 20, 6 15 & 10 45 P. M. Distance to Buftalo 423 miles. 
 
 _ I 
 
 EVANSVILLE & CRAWFORDSVILLE RAILW AY. | 
 
 Leave Evansville for Vincennes, Terre Haute and Rock^ille, at 5 40 & 9 15 A. M. and 2 30 P. M. ! 
 
 Returning- Leave Rockville at 9 30 A. M., Terre Haute at 50 A. M., and 3 40 P. M. Distance 109 : 
 
 miles. ■ i 
 
86 TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 FIT( IlBlRf.! & B0ST03I RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Boston for Fitchlnirg, and way stations, at 20, 7 30 & 11 00 A. M., and 2 15, 4 00, 
 
 5 30, (i (K) & 1 ;iO P. yi. 
 Keturning— Leave Filthburtr at 6 40 & 7 20 A. M,, and 12 15 & 5 15 P. M. Distance 50 miles. 
 
 OEOK(;iA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave AU'jrnsta lor Atlanta, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. and 5 30 P. M. 
 Returuin','— I.fiive Atlant.i at 7 05 A'. M. and (> 30 P. M. Distance 171 miles. 
 
 fiKAM) TRl'XK RAILWAY. 
 
 Going West — Leave Portland for Qnchi-c, ^tontreal, Toronto, Detroit, and way stations, at 7 00 A. 
 
 U. and 1 10 P. U. ; Muntre-il at 7 00 & !) 05 A. U. and '.» 00 P. M. ; Toronto at 1 00 & 7 30 A. 
 
 M. and 3 -15 P. M. ; (iuel;ec at 7 (10 A. :M. and 2 DO & 7 10 P. M. 
 Buffalo Division.— Leave Buffalo for Brantford, Godurith, Detroit, and way stations, at 12 30 
 
 <fc 7 00 A. M., and 1 25 & 3 30 P. M. 
 Gmnff Sa-T/— Leave Detroit at n 15 & 10 00 A. M. and (i 00 P. M. : Toronto at fi .'^O A. M., and 
 
 12 30 & 6 00 P. n. : Montreal at 7 00 A. 'M.. and 2 00 & 10 10 P. M. 
 
 GREAT WESTFR\ RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Suspension Brid-ie for H:'mlton, Toronto, Paris London. P.othwell, (oil regions.) Detroit, 
 
 and way stitions. at 7 00 A. M . and 1 30, 3 35 & 12 1.5 P. M. (Lichtnino; Exinvss.) 
 Returuiu';— Leave Detroit at 6 30 A. M., and 10 00 & 7 00 P. M. Uisti nee 2;iO miles. 
 
 GREEAVILLE & COLl.^IBIA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Columbia for Abbeville. Anderson. Greenville, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. 
 Keturnine — Leave Greenville at 5 55 A. M. Distance 113 miles. 
 
 IIAAXIBAL & ST. .laSEPII RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Hannibal for Macon Citv, Ht. Joseph, and wav f^tations, at 7 30 A. M. and 3 00 P. M. 
 ReturniuE;— Leave St. Joseph at 4 30 A. .M. and 11 00 P. M. Distance 206 miles. 
 
 IIOrSATOlMC RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave BridsreportforPittsfield. at 10 30 A. M. ; for New Milford, at 5 45 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Pittsfield for Bridireport, at 8 45 A. M. ; for Barrington, at 5 00 P. M. Distance 
 110 miles. 
 
 IRDSOX RIYER RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New York for Poutrh'^eepsie, AUimuv, Trov, and wav stations, at 6 40, 7 45 & 10 00 
 
 A. M., and 4 00, 5 15, 7 00 & 1 1 00 iP. M. ' 
 Retnrninc— Leave Trov at 4 50 & 0.50 A. M.. and 4 40 & 10 45 P. M. ; Albany at 1 45, 
 
 5 15 & 10 15 A. M., and 4 40 & 10 45 P. M. Distance 150 miles. 
 
 ILLIINOIS CENTRAL RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leave Dunleith for Freeport, Dixon, Bloomingtou, C'eutralia, Cairo, and way stations, at 6 00 A. 
 
 M. and 5 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Cairo at 2 .30 A. M. and 12 30 P. M. Distance 456 miles. 
 
 Chicago Branch.— Leave Chicago for Centralia, Cairo, and way stations, at 9 00 A. M. and 
 
 10 05 P. M. 
 Returning- Leave Cairo at 2 30 A. M. and 12 30 P. M. Distance 365 miles. 
 
 * I]\DIANAP0LI8, PERU & CHICAGO RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Indianapolis for Peru, and way stations, at 12 30 & 10 10 P. M. 
 Ueturning— Leave Peru at 3 00 A. JL and 12 25 P. M. Distance 75 miles. 
 
Express Trains in Bold-Face Frqures. 
 
 I]\D1ANAP0LIS & CIlVCOiVATl RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cincinnati for Lawrencobuvs:, Shelbyville, Indianapolis, and way station?, at 7 10 A. M. 
 
 and 1 -20, 4:)0 & 5 00 P. M. 
 Returnins;— Leave Indianapolis at 4 00 & 11 00 A. M., and 7 25 P. M. Distance 115 miles. 
 
 I]\DIA1VAP0LIS & MADLSOIV RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Madison for Columbns, Indianapolis, and way stations, at 6 00 A. M. and 2 o5 P. M. 
 Returnincr — Leave Indianapolis at 3 00 P. M. Distance 86 miles. 
 
 .JEFI i: RSOINVILLE R AILW AY. 
 
 , jisville for India 
 
 Keturuina 
 
 .JEI 1 LKJSW.^ villi: railway. 
 
 Leave Louisville for Indianapolis, and wav stations, at (i 30 A. M.. and 1 4.1 & 8 30 P. M. 
 Keturuing— Leave Indianapolis at 10 15 A." M., and ,o 00 & 9 00 P. M. Distance 108 miles. 
 
 KENTUCKY CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Co^'^n2ton for Cynthiana, Lexington, and way stntions, at 6 00 A. M. and 1 50 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Lexington at 5 50 A. M. and 1 00 "P. M. Distance 09 miles- 
 
 LACKAWAiVXA & BL00M8BIIRG RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave f^cranton for Lackawanna, Kingston, Northumberland, and way stations, at 5 50 A. M. and 
 
 1 40 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Northumberland at 7 00 A. M. and 5 20 P. M. Distance 80 miles. 
 
 LAYFAYETTE & INDIANAPOLIS RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Indianapolis for Layfayette, and way stations, at 12 40, 7 30 & 10 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Lafayette at 1 10 & 50 A. M., and 1 15 P. M. Distance M miles. 
 
 LEHIfill VALLEY RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Eaeton for Mauch Chunk, White Haven, and way stations, at 9 47 A. M., and o 25 & 
 
 7 40 P. M. 
 Returning- Leave White Haven at 9 30 A. M. and 3 00 P. M. ; Mauch Chunk at 4 30 & 10 47 A. 
 
 M., and 4 25 P. M. Distance 71 miles. 
 
 LITTLE MIAMI & COLUMBrS & XENIA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cincinnati for Xenia, Columbus, and way stations, at 6 00 & 8 25 A. M., and 4 00, 
 
 5 45, 8 00 & 1 1 40 P. M. 
 Returning- Leave Columbus at 2 00, 7 20 & 11 30 A. M., and 11 00 P. M. Distance 120 
 
 miles. 
 
 LONG ISLAND RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New York for Greenport, and way stations, .'it S 01) A. M. and 3 30 P. M. 
 Leave New York for Hempstead, at 8 00 & 10 30 A. M., and 3 30 & 4 30 P. M. DistJince 99 
 miles. 
 
 LOUISVILLE, FRANKFORT Si LEXINGTON RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Louisville for Frankfort, Lexington, and wny stations, at 00 A. M., and 2 20 & 5 15 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Lexington at 5 35 A. M. and 2 00 P. M. Distance 112 miles. 
 
 LOLISVILLE, NEW ALBANY & CHICAGO RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New Albanv for Bloomington, Lafayette, Michigan City, Chicago, and way stations, at 
 
 9 30 A. M. and 9 20 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Michigan City, at 8 30 A. U. and 8 45 P. M. Distance 288 miles. 
 
88 TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 LOl LSVII.LE, XASHVILLE, CLARKSVILLE & MEMP. R AIIAVAY. 
 
 (•Sfi; Advertisement. Page SO.) 
 Leave Louis>-\iIle for ^Itimfordsrillc, Bowling Green, Nash-sTlle, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. 
 
 and 7 00 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Nashville at 7 45 A. M. and 6 30 P. M. Distance 18o miles. 
 
 MACO\ & WESTERN RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leave Atlanta for Macon, and way stations, at S 00 A. ^I. and 7 10 P. M. 
 Returning— I./eave Macon at 8 00 A. M. and 7 (H) P. M. Distance 103 miles. 
 
 MAIIVE CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Portland for Bantror, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. and 1 10 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave B.-mgor at 7 30 A. M. and 2 15 P. M. Distance 13« miles. 
 
 MARIETTA & CINCIXXATI RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cincinnati for Cliillicothe, Marietta, Belpre, and way stations, at 12 3o & 9 00 A. M., and 
 
 4 00 P. M. 
 
 Retui-ning — L<'ave Belpre at 6 35 A. M. and 7 00 P. M. Distance 205 miles. 
 
 MEMPHIS & ( HARLESTOX RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Memphis for Corinth, Deciitnr, Stevenson, Chattanooga, and way stations, at (i 25 A. M. 
 Returning — Leave Stt^venson at 12 15 P. M. Distance 272 miles. 
 
 MICIIIf-iA!V CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Detroit for Jackson, Kalamazoo, Chiaiw, and wav stations, at (i 15 & 10 30 A. M., and 
 
 5 25, 11 00 &4 15P. M. 
 
 Returning- Leave Chicago at 4 00 & 6 00 A. M., and 5 30, 5 45 & 10 00 P. M. Distance 281 
 miles. 
 
 MI( IIIfiAN SOITHERA & NORTHERN INDIANA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Toledo for Cliica'_'o, ^-ia Bryan, (ioslien, and way stations, at 1 10 A. ?il. and 12 45 P. M., 
 and via Adrian, AVliite Pigeon, "and way stations, at 7 50 A. M and 7 40 P. M. 
 
 Returning' — Li'avc Cliicairo, \ia Brvan, &"c., at 7 00 A. M. and 5 30 P. M., and via Adrian, at fi 0(1 
 A. M. and 10 00 P. M. Distjxnce 244 miles. 
 
 MILW AlIKEE & PRAIRIE 1)1' CIIIEN RAILWAY. 
 
 I way stations, at 11 10 A. M. and 
 •istance 194 miles. 
 
 MILW AlIKEE & PRAIRIE m CIIIEN 
 
 Leave Milwaukee for Waukesha, Madison, Pr.airie du Chien, and wa; 
 
 (i (K) P. M., connectiuL' with River Steamers. 
 Returning— Leave Prairie du Chien at 7 20 A. M. and 4 00 P. M. Dis 
 
 MILAVAUKEE & ST. PALL RAILWAY. 
 
 LeMve Milwaukee for Watertown, Portage City, La Crosse, and way stations, at 1 40 <t 8 .50 P. 
 
 M., connecting with River Steamers. 
 Returning — Leave La Crosse at (i 00 A. M. and R 15 P. M. Distance 195 miles. 
 
 MINNESOTA CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Minneapolis for Farihault, and way stations, at 8 45 A. M. and 3 40 P. M. 
 Retm-ning— Leave Faribault at (i 00 A. M". and 1 40 P. M. Distance o(i miles. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI & TENNESSEE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Memphis for Grenada, and way stations, at 4 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Grenada at 2 30 A." M. Distance 9!) miles. 
 
1"^ Express Trains in Bold-Face Figures 89 
 
 MOBILE & OHIO RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Mobile for Meridian, Columbus, (Miss.) Coriuth, Jackson, Columbus, (Ky.J Cairo, and 
 
 way stations, at 2 00 P. M. * 
 
 Returning— Leave Columbus at 7 00 A. M. Distance 472 miles. 
 
 MONTREAL & CHAMPLAIN RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Montreal for Rouse's Point, and way stations, at 5 30 A. M. and 3 30 P. M., and for St. 
 
 Johns 8 30 A. M. 
 Returniut'— Leave Rouse's Point 7 00 A. M. and 9 00 P. M., and St. Johns at 8 00 A. M. and 
 
 7 50 & 9 50 P. M. Distance 44 miles. 
 
 M0RRI8 & ESSEX RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leave New York for Hackettstown, and way stations, at 8 30 & 11 30 A. M., and 4 10, 5 00 
 
 & 6 80 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Hackettstown at 6 45 A. M. and 1 45 P. M. Distance 62 miles. 
 
 NASHVILLE & CHATTANOOGA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Nashville for Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, and way stations, at 7 40 A. M. and 4 35 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Chattanooga at ti 15 A. M. and 9 20 P. M. Distance 151 miles. 
 
 NASHVILLE & DECATUR RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Nashville for Columbia, Athena, Decatm-, and way stations, at 9 50 A. M. and 8 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Decjitur at 6 20 A. M. and 8 00 P. M. Distance 122 miles. 
 
 NALftATUCK RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Bridgeport for Waterbury, Winsted, and way stations, at 10 15 A. M., and 130 & 5 20 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Winsted at ti 40 A. M. and 2 10 P. M. Distance &2 miles. 
 
 NEW LONDON, AMHERST & BELCHERTOWN RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New London for Palmer, Amherst, and way stations, at 7 35 A. M. and 1 45 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Amherst at 15 A. M. and 4 00 P. M., and Palmer at 7 50 A. M. and 2 15 P. M. 
 Distance 8(J miles. 
 
 NEW HAVEN & NORTHAMPTON RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New Haven for Granby, Northampton, and way stations, at 5 15 A. M. and 3 20 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Northampton at (1 15 and 10 .50 A. M. Distance 7G miles. 
 
 NEW HAVEN, HARTFORD & SPRINGFIELD RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Springfield for HartfordLNew Haven, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. & 12 00 M., and 
 
 2 20, 6 00, 8 20 & 12 00 P. ]^. 
 Returning— Leave New Haven at 8 10 & 10 55 A. M.,aud 315, 6 05, 8 05, & 11 15 P. M. 
 
 Distance 62 miles. 
 
 NORTH EASTERN (S. C.) RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Charleston for Florence, and way stations, at 12 00 M. 
 Returning — Leave Florence at 4 30 A. M. Distance 102 miles. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, JACKSON & MISSISSIPPI CENT. RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave, New Orleans for Jackson, Grand Junction, Jackson, (Tenn.) Columbus, and Cairo, at 7 00 
 
 A. M. 
 Returning— Leave Grand Junction at 7 50 P. M. Distance 549 miles. 
 
!)0 TRAVELER'S GUIDE. 
 
 jvew jersey railway. 
 
 Leave Cortliuid St., New York, fov New Brunswick. Trenton, Pliiladelphia. Baltimore, and Wash- 
 ineton, at 7 00, 8 00 & 10 00 A. M. and 12 00 M., and 4 00, COO, ? 00 & 12 00 
 P. M. 
 
 Returninsr— Leave Philadelphia at 8 00 A. M., and leave Wasbin"ton at 7 30 & 11 13 A.3L, 
 and 4 35 & 6 30 P. M. 
 
 NEW YORK & HARLE1I RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New York for Chalham Corners and Trov, at S 1.5, 10 00 & 11 00 A. M., and 2.10,4 00, 
 
 5 00 & 5 10 P. M. Extra way Trains to and" from White Pliins. 
 Retiirnini;— Leave Troy at 6 10 A. M. and 3 10 P. M. Dist^ince 160 miles. ■ 
 
 IVEAV YORK & NEW IIAYEIV RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leive Xew York for New Haveu. Bridgeport, .-nid w.iv slMtious, at 7 00, 8 00, it 30, & 11 30 A. 
 
 M., and 12 15, 3 00, 3 45, 4 30. 5 30, (i 30 & 8 00 P. M. 
 Return insr— Leave New Haven at 2 15, 5 30, C 30, 9 45 & 10 00 A. M., and 2 05, 4 30, 
 
 5 00 & 8 00 P. M. Distance 7r> miles. 
 
 NORTHERN (CANADA) RAILAYAY. 
 
 Leaves Toronto for Collinewood, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. and 4 00 P. M. 
 Ueturnin;;— Leaves CollingAvood at 5 30 A. M. and 3 30 P. JL Distance 94 miles. 
 
 NORTHERN (N. II.) RAILWAY. 
 
 Le^ive Concord for West Lebanon, and way stations, at 10 40 & 10 35 A. M., and 3 -il & 
 
 s ::-) P. M. 
 Returnius;— Leave West Lebanon at 1 20 A. M., and 12 20 & 5 20 P. M. 
 
 NORMICII & WORCESTER RAILWAY. 
 
 Lca^'e Worcester for Norwich, connecting with steamboat for New York daily, at 6 30 <fc 10 30 
 
 A. M., and 4 00 & 7 OOP. M. 
 Returnini,'— Leave Norwich at 1 15, 6 00 & 11 30 A. M., and 3 30 P. M, Distance 78 miles. 
 
 OfiDENSBLRfi & LAKE CIIAMPLAIN RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leave Osdensburs for Malone, Rouse's Point, and way stntioua st 5 30 A. M. and 11 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Rouse's Point at 7 15 A. M. and 7 30 P. M. Distance 118 miles. 
 
 OIL CREEK RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Corry for Titnsville, Shaffer, and wav stitinns, ^t ft 15 A. M. and 4 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Shatl'er at 5 15 A. M. and" 12 00 M. Distance 34 miles. 
 
 OHIO & MISSISSIPPI RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Cincinnati for North Vernon, Vincennes, Sandoval, St. Louis, and way stations, at 7 00 A 
 
 M. and 7 15 & 3 45 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave St. Louis at 00 A. M. and 4 00 & G 00 P. M. Distance 340 miles. 
 
 OLD COLONY & NEWPORT RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Boston for Fall River, and Newport, at 8 00 & 1130 A. IL, and 3 30. 4 30, 5 30 & 
 
 ti 00 P. M., connecting with steamboat for New York. 
 Returning- Lea\'e Newport at 4 00, 15 & 8 00 A. M., and 3 00 & 4 00 P. M. Distance 54 
 
 miles. 
 
5^^" Express Trains in Bold-Face Figures. 91 
 
 0R4i\GE & ALEXAJ^DKIA RAliWAY. 
 
 Leave Washiiiuton for Gordonaville, Linchburi;, and way stations, at G 25 A. M. 
 Returning— Leave Lynchburg at 7 lO A. M. Distance 178 miles. 
 
 OTTAWA & PRESCOTT RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Prescott for Ottawa, and wny stations, at 3 20 & 6 00 P. M. 
 Keturning— Leave Ottawa at 7 00 A. M. and b 30 P. M. Distance 54 miles. 
 
 PACIFIC RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave St. Louis for Jefferson City, Kansas City, and way stations, at T 45 A. M. and 4 10 & 
 
 5 45 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Kansas City at 12 40 A. M. Distance 28.3 miles. 
 
 PEIVIVSYLVANIA CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia for Han-isburg, Altoona, Pittsburg, and way stations, at 7 50, 9 50, & 1 1 50 
 
 A. M., and 2 20, 3 50, 8 .50 & 11 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Pittsburg at 3 10, 8 00 & 10 00 A. M., and 3 00, 4 20 & 10 10 P. M. 
 
 Distance 855 miles. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA & ERIE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia for Harrisburg, Erie, and way stations, at 7 50 & 11 50 A. M., and 8 50 
 
 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Erie at 10 25 A. M., and 4 45 & 7 00 P. M. Distance 451 miles. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA & READIi\G RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia for Readintr, Pottsville, and way stations, nt 8 15 A. M. and 3 30 & 
 
 5 00 P. M., and for Harrisburg^via Readinc;, at 8 15 A. M. and 3 30 P. M. 
 
 Returninsr— Leave Pottsville for Philadelphia, at 8 45 A. M. and 100 & 2 45 P. M., and leaving 
 Haifisburgh at 3 00 & 8 10 A. M. and 2 10 P. 1^1. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, WIL5II!\CT0:V & BALTIMORE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia for Wilmington, Havre de Grace, and Baltimore, at 4 15, 8 15, 9 00, 1115 
 
 6 11 45 A. M., and 3 00 & 11 00 P. M. 
 
 Returning— Leave Baltimore at 7 25 & 9 20 A. M., and 1 10, 6 35 & 8 25 P. M. Dis- 
 
 t'lnce 98 miles. 
 
 PITTSBLRG & COIVXELLSYILLE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Pittsburg for Uniontown, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. and 3 00 P. M. 
 Returnina:— Leave Uniontown for Pittsburg, and way stations, at 5 30 A. M. and 1 15 P. M. Dis- 
 tance 72 miles. 
 
 > PITTSBURG, FT. WAYIVE & CHICAGO RAILWAY. I 
 
 Leave Pittsburg for Alliance, Mansfield, Crestline, Ft. Wayne and C^hicago at 2 05, A. M. and i 
 
 2 10 & 11 00 P.M. I 
 
 Returning— Leave Chicago at 7 00 A. M., and 5 30 & 10 00 P. M. Distance 4W miles. i 
 
 PITTSBIRG, COLLMBIIS & CIIVCIMATI RAILWAY. | 
 
 Leave Pittsburi]; for Steubemalle, Newark, Columbus, and way stations, at 4 15 A. M. and 12 58 i 
 
 & 4 25 P. M. 
 Returning- Leave Columbus at 5 00 A. M. and 2 35 & 11 40 P. M. Distance 193 miles. 
 
92 TRAVELER'S GUIDE. _______„ 
 
 PITTSBI RG & ERIE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New Cnstle for Erie nt 10 A. M. 
 
 Returning— Leave Erie at 10 50 A. M. DiatAUce 148 miles'. 
 
 PLATTSBl Rf; & MOiVTREAI. RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Plattsbur^' for Montreal, and way stations, at li 00 A. M. and 3 00 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Montreal at 3 00 P. >L Distance 03 miles. 
 
 PORTLAND & KEXi\EBEC RAILWAY. 
 
 L'vive Portland for Qardinei". Au'.ru?ta, Skowhegan, and way stations, at 1 00 & 3 40 I'. M. 
 K;!turning— Leave Skowhegiin at 9 00 A. M. and 2 30 P. M. Distance 100 miles. 
 
 PROVIDENCE & WORCESTER RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Worcester for Woonsocket, Providence, and way stations, at "« 00 & 1180 A. M., and 
 
 4 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave P^o^^dence at 7 20 & 11 45 A. M. and 4 20 & 7 00 P. M. Distance 4^3 miles. 
 
 RALEKrill & GASTON RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Raleigh for Gaston, Weldon, and wav stations, at 8 15 A. M. 
 Returning — Leave Weldon at 11 00 A. M. Distance 07 miles. 
 
 RARITAX & DELAWARE RAY RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New York for Port Monmoutli, Manchester, Camden, and way stations, at 11 00 A. M. 
 
 and 4 00, .5 00 & 5 00 P. M. 
 Returning- Leave Camden at 3 30 & 9 20 A. M. and 2 30 P. M. Distance 112 miles. 
 
 READIXfi & COLI MBIA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Reading for Colunil)ia, and way stations, nt >'< 10 .\. M. and l.") P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Columbia at 7 30 A. M. and 2 4,7 P. M. Distance 4t) miles. 
 
 RICIIM1>\D & DANVILLE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Richmond for Burkeville, DniiviUe, and w.iy stitions, at 8 00 &, 45 A. M. 
 Returning — Leave Dan\ille at 5 4.5 A. M. Distance 141 miles. 
 
 RICHMOND & PETERSBl RG RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Richmond tor Petersburg, and way stations, at 4 20 A. M. and 4 40 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Pocahontas at 2,5 A. M. and o 30 P. M. Distance 21 miles. 
 
 RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBl RG & POTOMAC RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Washinsrton for Fredericksburg, RU'tmiond, and way stntions at 6 45 A. M. and 7 00 P. M. 
 Retm-ning— Leave Richmond at 8 15 A. M. and 8 00 P. M. Distance 130 miles. 
 
 ROME, AVATERTOWN & OGDENSBl RG RAILWAY. 
 
 I Leave Rome for Watertown, Ogdensburg, Potsdam Junction, and way stations, at 5 10 A. M., 
 and 12 15 & 5 10 P. M. 
 Retiu-ning— Lea^e Potsdam Junction at 7 10 A. M. and 1 40 & 8 00 P. M. Distance 148 miles. 
 
 RUTLAND & BURLINGTON RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Bellows Falls for Rutland, Brandon, Bm-liugton, and wav stations, at 11 40 A. M. and 5 45 
 
 & 10 05 P. M. ^ . 
 
 Returning— Leave Burlington at 10 00 A. M., and 2 45, 5 00 & 10 00 P. M. Distance 120 miles. 
 
Express Trains in Bold-Face Figures. 93 
 
 ST. LOUIS & IROIV MOUIVTAIIV KAILWAY. 
 
 Leave St. Louis for Potosi, Pilot Knob, and way stations, at 6 15 A. M., aud for De Soto at 15 
 ■ A. M. and 4 00 P. M. 
 Returning— I+eave Pilot Knob at 3 00 P. M., and De Soto at 6 00 A. M. and 5 85 P. M. Diistance 
 
 87 miles. 
 
 SAKDISRY, DAYTOM & COCIM^ATI RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Sandusky for Bellefontaine, Springfield, Cincinnati, and way stations, at 10 00 A. M. aud 
 
 7 35 P. M. 
 Retimiing— Leave Cincinnati at 7 00 A. M. and 6 00 P. M. Distance 215 miles. 
 
 SAADUSKY, MAjVSFIELD & NEWARK RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Sandusky for Newark, and wav stations, at 7 20 A. M. and 6 15 P. M. 
 Returnin; —Leave Newark at 6 00 A. "M. and 12 .30 P. M Distance 110 miles. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL & SUSQUEIIAIVIJA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Hanisburg for Auburn, and way stations, at 3 20 P. M. 
 
 Retuniing — Leave Auburn at 7 50 A. M. and 1 50 P. M. Distance 59 miles. 
 
 SHORE LIIVE (COIW.) RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave New Haven for New London, at 7 00 & 10 55 A. M., and 3 15, H 05 & 11 15 P. M. 
 lieturning— Leave New London at 12 10; 40 & 11 10 A. M., and 2 35 & 5 15 P. M. Dis- 
 tance 50 miles. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Charleston for Branch^ille, Columbia, Augusta, and way stations, at 7 00 A. M. 
 Returning — Leave Augusta at 7 10 A. M. ; Columbia at 6 00 A. M. Distance 137 miles. 
 
 SOUTH WESTERN & MUSCOfiEE RAILWAY. 
 
 Lenve Macon for Fort Vallev, Columbus, and way stations, at 7 23 A. M. : for Eufnlia, 7 23 A. M. 
 Returning— Leave Columbus at 7 (X) A. M. ; Eufalia at 5 10 A. M. Distance ilSI miles. 
 
 STONUVGTON & PROYIHENCE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Pi-ovidence for Stoniutrton, New London, and way stations, at 7 10 A. M., and 12 35, 
 
 1 00, 4 00, t 12 & 10 00 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave New London at 1 40 and 6 15 A. M., and 5 15 P. M. 
 
 SYRACUSE & BIM^HAMTON RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Syr.acnse for Biughamton, and way stations, at 8 00 A. M. aud 7 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Binghamton at 7 00 A. M. and 4 10 P. M. Distance 80 miles. 
 
 SYRACUSE & OSWEGO RAILW AY. 
 
 Lenve Oswego for Syracuse, and way stations, at 8 00 A. M. and 2 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave S^i-acuse at 7 10 A. M. and 2 30 P. ]M. 
 
 TERRE HAUTE & INDIANAPOLIS RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Indianapolis for TeiTe Haute, St. Louis, and way stations, at 8 30 A. >!., and 12 55, 3 10 
 
 & 10 15 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave St. Louis at 7 40 A. M. and 5 40 P. M. Distance 262 miles. 
 
94 TRAVELERS GUIDE. 
 
 TOLEDO, WABASH & WESTERN RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leave Toledo for Fort ^Vayne, Lafavctte, Decatur, Qtiincy, and way statioDS, at 1 20 A. M. and 
 
 UK) P. M. ■ 
 
 Returning— Leave Quincy at 4 00 A. M. and 4 30 P. ;M. Distance 476 miles. 
 
 TOLEDO, LOfiAXSPORT & BIRLIINGTOX RAILAVAY. 
 
 Leave Logansport for 8tate Line, Peoria, and way st'itions, at 40 A. M. and 9 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Peoria at 10 00 A. M. and 9 20 P. M. Distance \V2 miles. 
 
 TROY & BOSTO]\ RAIL^^ AY. 
 
 (SrefuU Tahlrs on page V.)) 
 
 IMOX PACIFIC RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Wyandotte for Lawrence, Topoka, and way stntions*, at 7 00 A. M. 
 KeturninI: — Leave Topeka at 1 30 P. >L Distance 70 miles. 
 
 ITICA & BLACK RIYER RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Utica for Trenton Falls, Boonville, and way stations, at 11 25 A. M. and 5 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Boonville at 7 10 A. M. and 2 Oo P. M. Distance 35 miles. 
 
 YERMOXT CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Bellows' Falls for Montpelier, Burlington, St. Albans, Montreal, and way stations, at 
 
 1] 45 A. M. and 10(M1 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Montreal at 8 30 A. M. and 3 30 P. M. 
 
 ^TRMOXT & MASSACm SETTS RAILWAY. 
 
 I,envi> Fitchliiu-g for Athol. Greenfield, Brattleboro. and wav stations, at 9 15 A. M. and 1 CO P.M. 
 Returnin..'— l,eave Brattleboro at 8 55 A. M., and Greenfleld at 9 35 A. M. and 2 40 P. M. Dis- 
 t:ince li'.t mill's. 
 
 VIRGINIA CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Richmond for Gordousville, Staunton, Jackson's River, and way stations, at 7 15 A- M. 
 
 and 7 15 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Jackson's River at 1 30 P. M. ; Staunton at 8 00 A. M. Distance 195 miles. 
 
 YIRGINIA & TENNESSEE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Lynchburg for Dublin. Bristol, and wav stations, at 5 30 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Bristol at 4 2,5 P. M. Distance 204 miles. 
 
 WELLAND RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Port Dalhousie for St. Catharines, Port Colborne, and way stations, at t 30 A. M. and 
 
 2 15 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Port Colbonie at 10 45 A. M. and 5 0(1 P. M. Distance 25 miles. 
 
 WESTERN (MASS.) RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Albany for Pittsfleld, Springfield. 'Worcester, Boston, and way stations, at 6 30 & 9 50 
 
 A. M., and 4 45 & 9 10 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Worcester at 6 15 k 10 05 A, M., and 4 00, 4 15, 8 00 iJlO 00 P. M. 
 
 Distance to Boston 200 miles. 
 
'^'^^ Express Trains in Bold-Face Figures. 95 
 
 WESTERIV UiVIO^ RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Racine for Elkhart, Beloit, Freeport, Savanna, Fulton and Port Byron, at 10 00 A. M. and 
 
 9 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Port Byron at 7 30 A. M. and 6 50 P. M. Distance 181 miles. 
 
 WESTERIV & ATLAiMlC RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Chattanooga for Dalton, Kingston, Atlanta, and way stations, at 5 50 A. M. and 6 10 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Atlanta at 7 30 A. M. and 7 30 P. M. 
 
 :: « 
 
 WEST .JERSEY, CAPE MAY & MILLVILLE RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Philadelphia for Glassboro, Salem, Cape May, and way stations, at 8 00 & 9 00 A. M., 
 
 and 3 00, 3 30 & 00 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Cape May at 6 30 & 9 00 A. M. ; Salem at 7 00 A. M. and 3 35 P. M. 
 
 WILMIiVGTOIV & MAIVCHESTER RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Wilmington for Florence, Kingsville, and way stations, at 8 DO P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Kingsville at 3 00 P. M. Distance 171 miles. 
 
 WILMIXGTOX & WELDOIV RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Wilmington for Goldsboro, Weldon, and way stations, at 3 30 A. M. and 1 00 P. M. 
 Returning — Leave Weldon at 11 00 A. M. and 9 00 P. M. Distance 102 miles. 
 
 WORCESTER & INASHIIA RAILWAY. 
 
 Leave Worcester for Nashua, and wav stations, at 6 30 & 11 15 A. M., and 4 20 P. M. 
 Returning— Leave Nashua at 7 10 A. JI., 12 00 M., and 5 00 P. M. Distance 4G miles. 
 
 BLOOMER'S DININQ HALL. 
 
 JS\ T. Central M. JB. Depot, Buffalo, JST. Y. 
 
 Trains on the New York Central and Lake Sliore Railways stop -sufficient time 
 to procure meals at this 
 
!)6 
 
 Franklin Steam Forge. 
 
 DEULLARD & HAYES, Proprietors, 
 
 Chioago St,, between Mackinaw and Oliio Sts. SJJFFA.LOf H* T". 
 
 MANUPACTVBE ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF 
 
 WROUGHT IRON WORK 
 
 SPECIAL ATTSNTIO.N PAID TO 
 
 HEAVY FORGINGS, STEAMBOAT AND PKOPELLER SHAFTS, 
 
 CAR, CRANK, TRUCK AND DRIVING AXLES, 
 
 LOCOMOTIVE FRAMES, PISTON EODS, OEANK PINS, SHAFTING, &c. 
 
 EVERY DESCRIPTION OF HEAVY BLACKSMITHING. 
 FRAXK O. DRULLARD. Highest Cash Price Paid for Wronght Scrap Iron. george b. hates. 
 
 Cor. Jiroadivay and Maiden Lane, 
 
 (Near the Union Railway Dt-pot.) ALBANY, N. " ' 
 
 This popular Hotel is now open to the public, having been Refitted, Refurnished 
 and rendered first class in every respect. 
 
 DELAVAN PECK, Proprietor. 
 Sharon Springs, N. Y. 
 
 ELDKEDQE & SONS, Proprietors. 
 
 . a . 
 
 This celebrated House, so pleasantly situated, offers superior accommodations to 
 guests visiting the Springs. The Proprietors spare no pains to make it a First- 
 Class House. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS W 
 
 0014 1127573 
 
 * «, 
 
 ^>L 
 
 < 'i 
 
 9P^