74 
 >y 1 
 
 
 BRIE> OUTLINES 
 
 European History 
 
 A SYLLABUS FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS IN THE 
 ^UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
 
 BY 
 
 EARLE WILBUR DOW 
 
 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 
 
 PUBLISHED BY GEORGE WAHR 
 1895 
 
 COURIER PRipT. 
 
BRIEF OUTLINES 
 
 European History 
 
 A Syllabus Designed for the Use of Students in History 
 Course i, University of Michigan 
 
 BY 
 
 EARLE WILBUR DOW 
 
 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 
 
 PUBLISHED BY GEORGE WAHR 
 1895 
 
W. D.John f?toti 
 7 U'02 
 
 V.8T 
 
mTKODUCTICXN. 
 
 I. History and the Study of History. 
 
 Adams, Manual of historical literature, introduction, (catalogue desk). 
 Andrews, Institutes of general history, ch. i, (i. 8. 2. 6.); good for bibliography 
 and outline discussion. Arnold, Introductory lectures on modern history. Atkinson, 
 History and the study of history. Freeman, Historical essays, i series, i, (i. g. 4. 
 4.). Froude, Short studies, I, ser., i; 2 ser., pp. 445-472; (1. 9. 4. 4.). Lecky, 
 Political value of history, (1. 9. 4. 5.). Smith, Gold-win, On the study of history, two 
 lectures. Stubbs, Med. and mod. history, i-v, (1. 10. I. 6.). Harrison, F., The 
 meaning of history and other historical pieces, i, ii, iv. 
 
 1. The word "history." 
 
 2. Province of history. 
 
 a. Problems for the general student. 
 
 b. View of the chief lines of study. 
 
 c. Common and important terms. 
 
 3. Aiding sciences. 
 
 4. The historical method. 
 
 a. Its place. 
 
 b. Its aims. 
 
 c. Prominent features. 
 
 5. Value of historical study. 
 
 6. Divisions of the study. 
 
 a. Ethnological and philological. 
 
 b. Chronological. 
 
 c. Topical. 
 
 II. Means and Methods for Courses i and 2. 
 
 1. Lectures. 
 
 a. Purpose. 
 
 b. Use of the syllabus. 
 
 c. Notes and note-taking. 
 
2. Collateral reading. 
 
 a. Purpose. 
 
 b. Extent. 
 
 c. Prescribed books. 
 
 d. Use of the syllabus. 
 
 e. Use of the library. 
 
 i. Aids. 
 
 2. Primary and secondary sources. 
 
 3. Maps and tables. 
 
 a. Purpose and importance. 
 
 b. Different kinds. 
 
 4. Quizzes. 
 
 a. Purpose. 
 
 b. Oral. 
 
 c. Written. 
 
TBAlsTSITKOT PEKIOD. 
 
 c- 375~ c - 800. 
 
 Bibliographies. — Adams, in his Manual of historical literature, (catalogue 
 desk). Andrews, at beginning of the chapters and paragraphs in his Institutes of 
 general history, (1. 8. 2. 6.). Dictionary of Christian biography, bibliography 
 connected especially with the most important articles. Emerton, at the beginning 
 of chapters in his Introduction. Fisher, appended to his History of the Christian 
 Church. Schaff, in his History of the Christian Church. 
 
 Maps and Tables. — Colbeck, The public schools historical atlas, (map table). 
 Droysen, Historischer Hand-Atlas, (map table). Freeman, Historical geography, 
 (1. 9. 5. 5.). Gardiner, School atlas of English history. Lamed, in his History 
 for ready reference, especially the following: (1) Four developed maps of Asia 
 Minor and the Balkan Peninsula, I, 242; (2) Development map showing the diffu- 
 sion of Christianity, I, 432; (3) Four maps of France, II, 1168; (4) Italy at begin- 
 ning of seventh century, III, 1804; (5) Roman Empire under Trajan, A. D. 116 
 IV, 2712; (6) Europe at death of Justinian, IV, 2742; (catalogue desk). Putz- 
 ger, Historischer Schul-Atlas. Spruner-Menke, Historischer Hand-Atlas, (map 
 table). 
 
 The most serviceable genealogical tables may be found in Ploetz, Epitome; 
 Oman, Europe from 476 to 918; Kitchin, History of France; and especially in the 
 appendix of Lamed, see vol. V. See Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, for parallel- 
 column statement of the Popes and Emperors. 
 
 Histories and General Literature. — Adams, Mediaeval civilization, (1. 9. 3. 
 3.). Alzog, Universal Church history, 3 vols., (3. II. 3.6.). Andrews, Institutes 
 of general history, (1. 8. 2. 6.). Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, (1. 9. 5. 6.). Bury, 
 The later Roman Empire, 2 vols. (1. 9. 2. 6.). Carlyle, The hero as prophet, in 
 his Hero-worship, (F 1, W. C.-12-2.) Cheetham, The Christian Church during the 
 first six centuries, (3. 11. 3. 6.). Church, Beginnings of the middle ages, (1. 9. 3. 
 3.). Clarke, Ten great religions, (3. 1 1. 3. 2.). Coxc, Institutes of Christian history, 
 (3. 11. 3. 4.). Creighton, The Papacy during the reformation, ch. i, (3. 11. 4. 5.). 
 Crowe, History of France, (1. 14. 1. 5.) Draper, Intellectual development of 
 Europe, (1. 10. 1. 7.). Duruy, History of France, (1. 14. 1. 5.). Duruy, The 
 middle ages. Einhard, Life of Charlemagne, (1. 14. 2. 1.) Emerton, Introduction 
 to the middle ages, (1. 9. 5. 5.) E}icyclopedia Britannica, various articles. Far- 
 rar, Lives of the fathers, (3. II. 3. 4.). Fisher, Church history, (3. II. 3. '4.). 
 Fiske, American political ideas, ii, (1. 2. 5. 6.). Freeman, Chief periods of Euro- 
 pean history, (1. 9. 4. 4.); Historical essays, 1 ser., The Franks and the Gauls; 
 
V > 
 
— 5 — 
 
 3 ser., The Goths at Ravenna and the Byzantine Empire, (i. 9. 4. 4.)- Gibbon, 
 Decline and fall of the Roman Empire, 8 vols., (1. 9. 2. 2.). Gieseler, Church 
 history, 4 vols., (3. 11. 3. 6.). Gilman, Story of the Saracens. Gteen, History of 
 the English people, 4 vols, (1. 10. 3. 4.); The making of England, (1. 10. 4. 3.) 
 Gregorovius, History of the city of Rome in the middle ages, (1. 9. 2. 7.). Guizot, 
 History of civilization in Europe and France, 3 vols., (1. 15. 3. 2.); Popular history 
 of France, 6 vols., (1. 14. 1.3.). Gummere, Germanic origins. Hallam, The mid- 
 dle ages, 3 vols., (1. 9. 3. 3.). Hatch, Organization of the early Christian churches; 
 Hibbert lectures, (3. 12. 5. 2.). Heiiderson, Historical documents of the middle 
 ages, (1. 9. 5. 5.). Hodgkin, Dynasty of Theodosius, (1. 9. 2. 7.); Italy and her 
 invaders, 6 vols., (1. 9. 2. 7.); Theodoric, (1. 9. 2. 7.). Irving, Mahomet and his 
 successors, (2. 9. 2. 3.). Kingsley, The hermits, (2. 8. 2. 6.); The Roman and the 
 Teuton, (1. 9. 3. 5.). Kitchin, History of France, 3 vols., (1. 14. 1. 3.) Lane, 
 Arabian society in the middle ages, (1. 18. 2. 2.). Lea, Studies in Church history, 
 (3. 1 1. 3. 7.). Maclear, Christian missons in the middle ages, (3. 13. 1. 5.). Maine, 
 Village communities, see for early Germans, (5. 1. 1. 3.) Merivale, Conversion of 
 the Roman Empire, (3. 11. 3. 7.); Conversion of the northern nations, (3. 11. 3. 7-); 
 General history of Rome, (1. 9. 1. 2.). Milman, History of Latin Christianity, 8 
 vols., (3. 11. 3.5.) Michelet, History of France, 2 vols., (1. 14. 1. 3.) Moetter, 
 History of the Christian Church. Mombert, Charles the Great, (1. 14. 2. 1.). 
 Muir, The Caliphate, its rise, decline and fall, (1. 18. 2. 2.) Mullinger, Schools 
 of Charles the Great, (5. 6. 3. 5.). Myers, General history; Ancient history, (1. 8 
 2. 5.); Med. and mod. history. Neander, History of the Christian Church, 5 vols., 
 (3. II. 3. 5.). Ockley, History of the Saracens, (1. 18. 2. 2.). Oman, European 
 history, 476-918, (1. 9. 5. 5.); The Byzantine Empire, (1. 9. 2. 7.) Palmer, 
 Haroun Al Raschid, (1. 18. 2. 2.); Translation of the Qur'an, especially the intro- 
 duction, vols, vi and ix in "Sacred books of the East," (3. 12. 3. 3.). Ploetz, Epi- 
 tome of universal history. Sale, Translation of the Koran, (3. 12. 3. 2.). Schaff, 
 History of the Christian Church; Creeds of Christendom, 3 vols., see vols, i and 
 ii, (3. 12. 4. 4.). S/iedd, Creeds of Christendom, 2 vols., (3. 12. 4. 3.). Sheppard, 
 The fall of Rome and rise of new nationalities, (1. 9. 3. 3.). Sismondi, Fall of the 
 Roman Empire, 2 vols., (1. 9. 2. 3.). Smith and Wace, Dictionary of Christian 
 biography, various articles, (3. II. 3. I.). Stanley, History of the Eastern Church, 
 (3. 11. 3. 7.). Stephen, Lectures on the history of France, (1. 15. 3. 2.). Stille, 
 Studies in med. history, (I. 9. 3. 3.). Stnbbs, Constitutional history of England, 
 i-iii, (1. 12. 5. 5.); Select charters, introd., (1. 12. 5. 5.). Uhlhorn, Conflict of 
 Christianity with heathenism, (3. 11. 3. 7.). 
 
 Among the best historical novels dealing with this period, together with the 
 authors, and the subjects and times they discuss, are: (1) Conquering and to Con- 
 quer, by Mrs. Charles; Christianity in times of St. Jerome, early 5th century. (2) 
 Quadratus, by Emma Leslie; Christianity, Chrysostom, early 5th century. (3) 
 Alypius of Tagaste, by Mrs. Webb; Christianity, Augustine, early 5th century. 
 (4) Attila, by G. P. R. James; Gaul and Italy, late 5th century. (5) A Struggle 
 
— 6 — 
 
 for Rome, by Felix Dahn; Belisarius, middle 6th century. (6) Antonina, by 
 Wilkie Collins; The Fall of Rome, 546. (7; Homo Sum, by Ebers; Arabia and 
 the monks, 4th century. (8) Hypatia, by Chas. Kingsley; Neo-Platonism, early 
 5th century. (9) Ingraban, by Freytag; A. D. 734. (10) The early dawn, by 
 Mrs. Charles; Saxon Christianity, early 7th century. (11) Imogen, by Emily 
 Holt; Mission of Augustine, late 6th century. 
 
 I. The Europe of the Migrations. 
 
 1. The Roman world. 
 
 Adams, ii, iii. Freeman, Chief periods, i-iii. Durny, i. Gibbon, xiii, 
 xiv. Guizot, Civ. in France, iii-iv. Emerton, Introduction, i. Bryce, ii. 
 
 a. Rome in the study of history. 
 
 b. Sources of the Roman world. 
 
 Adams, ii, iii. 
 
 i. Greek. 
 
 a. Political incorporation of Greece. /t~v> '»'*-" 
 
 b. Greek factors in Roman society. 
 
 c. Extent of assimilation of Greek elements. 
 
 Um » ' * Cfa. n i — J <}* 
 
 2. Roman. 
 
 a. Linguistic. 
 
 b. Governmental. 
 
 c. Legal. (L^tAZ*-*-**— jrA ^ 
 
 d. Economic. 
 
 3. Christian. 
 
 a. Terms and definitions. 
 
 b. Contributions by the Christian Religion and 
 
 the Christian Church. 
 
 c. Leading phenomena in the Rome-izing of the world. 
 
 1. Territorial; extension of the Roman dominions. 
 
 Myers, pp. 243-324. 
 
 2. Social and industrial. 
 
 Duruy, in i. 
 
 3. Political. 
 
 Myers, part I, sec. Ill, passim. 
 
 a. Republicanism and imperialism. 
 
i. Founding of the Empire. 
 
 2. The early Emperors. 
 
 3. Diocletian. 
 
 4. Constantine. 
 
 Diet, of Christian biog., art. on Constantius I 
 Ency. Brit., art. on Constantine. Gibbon, xiv, 
 xvii, xviii. Milrnan, b'k I, ii. 
 
 b. From Constantine to Leo. 
 
 Sheppard, i, ii, Kingsley, The dying Empire, in Rom. 
 and the Teut. 
 
 / c. Imperial organization. 
 
 1/ 
 Hodghn, Italy and her inv., b'k I, iii. Hodgkin, Dyn. Cx^f"* *%*' 
 
 of Theodosius, i, ii. Gibbon, xvii. jOj.^- _ Qju*~~S tL< 1-3' 
 
 1. Administrative divisions. ~~ " \A- " <*(|**j*** 
 
 2. The official hierarchy. &•**-»-*£** « I 
 
 Political methods. 
 
 (l?tie^Ch(CW<* 
 
 4. Intellectual and religious. ff**"v *»*1 * ^_1 - 
 
 </. The Christian Church. 
 
 Andrews, iii, §§ 15-20. Gibbon, xv. Emerton, in ix. 
 i. Rome a preparation. 
 
 2. Its early history: prominent features. 
 if Gibbon, xvi. 
 
 a. Its struggles and persecutions. 
 
 b. Its spread. 
 
 c. The Church under Constantine. 
 ^ Gibbon, xx. 
 
 3. Its organization. 
 
 Hatch, Organization of the early Christian churches. Chap- 
 ters in the various Church histories. 
 
 a. The ecclesiastical hierarchy. 
 
 b. The ecclesiastical divisions. 
 
 c. The councils. 
 
 d. The patriarchates. 
 
 e. Rise of the Papacy. 
 
Adams, in vi. 
 
 4. Its faith. 
 
 a. Early doctrine and heresies. 
 
 b. The fathers. 
 
 1. Their theology. 
 
 2. Their influence. 
 
 (a) Social. 
 {b) Religious. 
 (V) Ecclesiastical. 
 
 c. Leading controversies. 
 
 Cheetham, xi. Andrews, iii, § 19. Gibbon, xxi, xlvii. 
 i. Over the Trinity. 
 
 2. Over the Son. 
 
 3. Over the Church. 
 
 4. Over grace and free-will. 
 
 5. Social features. 
 
 a. The Christian life. 
 
 b. Asceticism. 
 
 c. Celibacy. 
 
 d. Monasticism. 
 
 Emerton, in xi. Milman, in b'k III, vi. Schaff, 
 Bibliotheca Sacra, April, 1864. Encyc. Brit., art. on 
 monachism. Gibbon, in xxxvii. 
 
 1. Rise and progress. 
 
 2. Eastern and western. 
 
 3. Influence. 
 
 6. Its ceremonies. 
 
 S Cheetham, viii, xiii. 
 
 The Barbarian world. 
 Dtiruy, i. Emerton, in ii. 
 a. Distribution of peoples in the fourth century. 
 
 1. Germanic. 
 
 2. Slavic. 
 
 3. Turanian. 
 
— 9 — 
 
 b. The Germans. 
 
 Adams, iv, v. Gibbon, ix. Guizot, Civ. in Fr., vi. 
 Dyn. of Theod., ii. Stubbs, Select charters, introd. 
 
 i. Their origin. 
 
 2. Their characteristics. 
 
 3. Their social classes. 
 
 4. Their political institutions. 
 
 a. The German State. 
 
 b. Political units. 
 
 c. Judicial system. 
 
 d. Military system. 
 
 5. Their industrial system. 
 
 6. Their religion. 
 
 7. Their relations with the Empire. 
 
 Emerton, iii. Andrews, iv, § 8. 
 
 a. The border conflict. 
 
 b. Mingling of the peoples. 
 
 c. What the Germans added. 
 
 Adams, v. 
 
 Hodgkin 
 
 
 
 II. Decline of Rome. 
 
 1. Nature and significance. 
 
 2. Internal causes. 
 
 HodgkinJS'k III, ix. Sheppard, passim. Kingsley, in Rom. and Teut _ ^*~"f fe ,| 
 Social. 
 
 ,3/ieppara, pasbnu. rs.t,ng$i,cy, 111 i\uui. emu. ±^ui. t •— - 
 
 1. Morals. 
 
 2. Education. 
 
 3. Slavery. 
 
 4. Lack of unity. 
 
 Andrews, iv, § 7. 
 Economic. 
 
 1. Sources of wealth. 
 
 2. Slavery. 
 
3. Fiscal policy. 
 
 4. Baneful economic practices. 
 
 c. Political. 
 
 1. Division of political center. 
 
 2. Distribution of political rights and obligations. 
 
 3. Army policy. 
 
 4. Baneful political methods. 
 
 d. Religious and ecclesiastical. 
 
 1. Christianity and the Roman State. 
 
 2. The Christian hierarchy. 
 
 3. Intolerance. 
 
 4. Monasticism. 
 
 III. The Barbarian Migration. sWA^ (HUs 
 
 Bryce, iii. Church, i-v. 
 
 i. The earlier invasions. 
 
 Duruy, ii. Emerton, iii— v. Adams, iv. J£r*-f h'* )-T0&XiK'n $ Dm n.u.*ti* » | Trtj j 
 a. Causes. eA*/*^ 
 
 Emerton, in ii. 
 
 J. Visigoths. £~w~.w\ 
 
 1. Breaking of the frontier. 7^*****n/ «j v ^ tr% _^ <<J 
 
 2. Alaric. - 0^^M - vo*M**- >w, n *n*4,l» 
 
 3. Career in Italy. 
 
 4. Establishment in Gaul. 
 
 y/!«Wl*wt.l 
 
 I.M»^ 
 
 £. Vandals. / ^o 
 
 1. Invasion of Africa. 
 
 2. Invasion of Italy. 
 
 d. Burgundians. 
 
 1. Their path. v 
 
 2. Their conquests and establishment. 
 
 «... kj fr%M*K9 
 
 e. Huns. Qtf 
 
 1. Their gathering. • |r £* 
 
 2. Their scattering. 
 
■** -• _*__,_^ __>_- ^ _> w„ 
 
 2. "Fall" of the Empire in -the West. f7& ( ^C^^W *_t*£&) 
 
 Church, in i. Oman, in i. Bury, in preface. Duruy, ii. 
 «. Circumstances. ' • -^ / v i.j. ...t.d.t, 
 3. Significance. 
 
 *. Odoacer in Italy. ;^«, ^ «W. evwn^. 47& -J I 
 Hadg kin. b'k IILj_____ — . 
 
 3. The Ostrogoths. 7hwtL*rrii> 
 
 Duruy, iii. Emerton, in vi. Oman, i. ii. 
 
 a. Their coming. 
 
 1. Reason. 
 
 2. Consequences. 
 
 <5. Theodoric. 
 
 Gibbon, xxxix. 
 
 1. Character and qualifications. 
 
 2. His government in Italy. 
 
 3. His foreign policy. 
 
 4. Cassiodorus and Boethius. 
 
 4. Barbarians in Gaul and Spain. 
 
 a. The Burgundians. ** *-- J 
 
 Duruy, iii. Emerton, in iv. ^//i-<-/_^*^v ____", A * iJ **^*<i-- 
 
 1. Their royal family; Gundobad. 
 
 2. Their religion. 
 
 3. Their law. 
 
 4. Their decline. 
 
 & The Visigoths. ^* C . 
 
 Duruy, ii. Oman, iv, viii. 
 
 1. Under Theodoric II and Euric. 
 
 2. Leave Gaul (507). 
 
 3. Relations with the Romans. 
 
 4. Their law. 
 
 5. Their religion. 
 c. Suevi. lz> rts C , 
 
 Duruy, ii. 
 
/ 
 
 I 
 
 
i. Their coming. 
 
 2. United with Visigoths (585). 
 
 d. Franks. 
 
 Duruy, iii, v. Adams, in vii. Oman, iv, vii, x. Emerton, v ii 
 
 Church, ii, iii, v, passim. %^WxA V CA "ti? J* ^ ' '* * 
 
 J^ Before Clovis. 
 ^P Under Clovis. 
 
 a. Clovis the heathen. 
 
 b. Clovis the Christian. 
 
 c. Clovis the conqueror. 
 
 3. Under Clovis' successors. 
 
 a. The Merovingian family. 
 
 b. Rivalries and wars. 
 
 c. Dagobert (628-638). 
 
 4. Institutions and customs. 
 
 a. Social classes. 
 
 b. Government of the Jfcanks. 
 
 Oman, pp. 122-127. 
 
 c. Their ideas of law. l * 
 
 Emerton, viii. 
 
 d. The State and the Church. 
 Barbarians in Britain. 
 
 Duruy, iii. 
 
 a. Angles, Saxons, Jutes. ™ 
 
 b. Their invasion and conquest. 
 
 1. What they found. ff 
 
 2. What they brought. 
 
 3. What they did. 
 
 c. Struggles among the kingdoms. 
 Conversion of the Barbarians. 
 
 Gibbon, in xxxvii. Milman, III, ii. £ 
 
 Invasion of the Lombards. 
 (Discussed under V.) 
 
— 13 — 
 IV. The Empire in the East to Heraclius (610). 
 
 Duruy, iv. 
 
 i. Under the house of Leo. 
 Oman, iii. 
 
 a. Leo; Zeno. 
 
 b. Reign of Anastasius. 
 
 i. Political aspect. 
 2. Religious aspect. 
 
 2. Under the house of Justin. 
 
 Oman, v, vi, ix. Emerton, in vi. Church, in vi. Bury, b'k IV. 
 
 a. Relation of the 6th to the 5th century. 
 
 b. Justinian. 
 
 Hodgkin, IV, xiv. 
 
 1. His rise and accession. 
 
 2. His historical position. 
 
 3. The "Greens" and "Blues." 
 
 4. Justinian's achievements. 
 
 Adams, in ii. 
 
 a. As warrior. 
 
 b. As lawgiver. 
 
 Milvian, IJI, v. Gibbon, xliv. 
 
 1. The Code. 
 
 2. The Digest. 
 
 3. The Institutes. 
 
 4. The Novellae. 
 
 c. As churchman. 
 
 d. As architect and builder. 
 
 e. As administrator. 
 
 c. Wars of conquest: struggle for the West. 
 
 1. In Africa: overthrow of the Vandals. £3$ 
 
 2. In Italy: overthrow of the Ostrogoths. ■$"&* 
 
 3. In Spain. 
 
— 14 — 
 
 d. Wars of defense. 
 
 e. Justinian's successors. 
 
 i. Chief features of reigns of Justin II, Tiberius, Phocas. 
 3. Collapse of Justinian's system. 
 
 V. The Church and the Papacy. 
 
 Emerton, ix. Duruy, in viii. 
 
 i. Eastern and western Churches. 
 
 a. Causes of separation. 
 
 b. The Church in the East. 
 c The Church in the West. 
 
 2. The Papacy in Italy. 
 
 Oman, xi. 
 
 a. Italy after fall of the Ostrogoths. 
 
 b. Relations with the Empire. 
 
 c. Relations with the Lombards. 
 
 1. Invasion of the Lombards. 
 
 2. Lombard customs and institutions. 
 
 d. Gregory the Great (590-604). 
 
 Milman, III, vii. 
 
 3. Monasticism in the West. // 
 
 Emerton, xi. Adams, pp. 1 31-136. Milman, III, vi. Guizot, Civ. in 
 Fr., xiv. 
 
 a. The Benedictine rule. * -. /n — L — 
 
 b. Features and functi ons.^ Q _____ 
 
 4. Extension of the faith. 
 
 Milman, IV, iii— v. 
 
 a. In Spain: conversion from Arianism. 
 
 b. In the British Islands. 
 
 1. Conversion of Anglo-Saxons. 
 
 2. The English Church. 
 
 c. In Germany. 
 
— i5 — 
 VI. Mohammed and Islam. 
 
 Duruy; vi, vii. Gibbon, 1-lii. Milman, IV; i, ii. Draper, xi. Palme r 
 Introd. to his translation of the Qur'an. Clarke, in his Ten great religions. Em- 
 erton, in x. 
 
 i. Arabia and the Arabs. 
 
 a. The Arabs ethnologicaliy. 
 
 b. Their geography. 
 
 c. Their social and political organization. ? 
 
 d. Their religion. 
 
 2. Mohammed. i^V 
 
 a. Youth and training. 
 
 b. Founding of Islam. 
 
 i. Mohammed a prophet. 
 
 2. Early conversions. 
 
 3. Hegira (622). 
 
 4. Submission of Arabia. 
 
 c. His position in history. P<- 
 
 1. In Arabian history. 
 
 2. In general history. 
 
 3. The Koran. 
 
 a. Its origin. 
 
 b. Its leading features. 
 
 c. Its use. ^-r 
 
 4. Islam: the Mohammedan religion. 
 
 a. Its sources and authorities. 
 
 b. Its articles of faith. 
 
 c. Its practical duties. 
 
 d. Its moral standards. 
 
 e. Its influence on the believers. 
 
 5. Extension of the faith, L^^^^^-. 
 
 a. Under the three first caliphs (632-661). 
 
 1. Contests over the succession. 
 
 2. Early conquests. 
 
 3. Civil wars. 
 
 
— 16 — 
 
 b. Under the Ommiades (661-750). 
 
 1. Renewed extension. 
 
 2. Conquest of Africa and Spain. U *-*-*■*- ' */ ' 
 
 3. Political conditions. 
 
 <:. Under the Abbassides. 
 
 1. Their rise. 
 
 2. Political conditions. 
 
 a. Caliphate of Cordova (756). 
 
 b. Fatimite caliphs (968). 
 
 c. Decline and dismemberment. 
 
 d. Islam and the eastern peoples. 
 6. Secrets of its success. 
 
 VII. The Byzantine Empire. 
 
 Durny, iv. Oman, xii, xiv. 
 
 i. Under house of Heraclius (610-717). 
 
 a. The Empire as Heraclius found it. 
 
 b. Wars of defense and conquest. 
 
 c. Bulgarian kingdom. 
 
 d. Character of the Empire. 
 
 2. The Isaurians and the Iconoclasts. 
 
 J In 
 
 Gibbon, xlix. Oman, xviii. W< ■ ^l 
 
 a. Iconoclasm and its rise. 
 
 b. Periods and features of the controversy. 
 
 c. Settlement (842). 
 
 3. Its functions. 
 
 Bury, II, pp. 535-540. 
 
 VIII. The Carolingians and the New Empire. 
 
 Bryce, iv. 
 
 i. Rise of the Carolingian house. 
 
 Emerton, xii.J£,Duruy, viii. Adams, in vii. Oman, xv. Guizot, Civ. in 
 Fr., xix. 
 
a. Decline of the Merovingians. 
 
 b. The Mayors of the Palace. 
 
 i. Their rise. 
 
 2. Their position and duties. 
 
 3. The Pippins. 
 
 c. Work of Pippin the younger (d'Heostal); Mayor (688- 
 
 7i4)- 
 
 1. Battle of Testry (687). 
 
 2. As mayor of the palace. 
 
 d. Charles Martel. 
 
 Oman, xvii. X t4T- * *7 ?<f ■ X— 6-7~-^> ' 
 
 i. His fight for the mayorship: relations with the kings. 
 
 2. His wars. 
 
 a. Against Germans. 
 
 b. Against Mohammedans. 
 
 3. His relations with the nobles. 
 
 4. His relations with the Church. 
 
 a. The local clergy. 
 
 b. The Papacy. 
 
 e. Pippin, "King of the Franks." 
 
 Oman, xix. 
 
 1. Pippin's conundrum. 
 
 2. The Pope's answer. 
 
 3. Pippin crowned king (752). 
 
 2. The Church and Papacy. 
 
 Duruy, in viii. Emerton, xii. Adams, in vii. 
 
 a. The Church in England. 
 
 b. Missions in Gaul and Germany. 
 
 c. Boniface as an organizer. 
 
 d. Boniface as a reformer. 
 
 e. The Popes and the Byzantines. 
 
 1. De jure and de facto position of the Papacy. 
 
 2. The Iconoclastic controversy. 
 
/. The Popes and the Lombards. 
 
 Oman, xvi. 
 
 i. Grounds of trouble. 
 
 2. Kings Liutprand, Aistulf; Popes Gregory, Zacha- 
 rias, Stephen. 
 
 g. The Popes and the Carolingians. 
 Oman, xix. 
 i. Appeals to the Franks. 
 
 2. Action of the Franks. 
 
 3. Pippin's reward. 
 
 4. The Pope's reward; "The States of the Church." 
 
 3. Charlemagne and his Empire (768—814). 
 
 Duruy, ix. Emerton, xiii, xiv. Adams, in vii. Milman, V, i. 
 Guizot, Civ. in Fr., xx. Bryce, iv, v. Gibbon, in xlix. 
 
 a. Personal characteristics and environment. 
 
 b. His wars and conquests. 
 
 Oman, xx, xxi. 
 
 i. Aquitaine, Spain, Bavaria. 
 
 2. King of the Lombards (774). 
 
 3. Saxon conquest. 
 
 4. Against other peoples: Avars, Slaves, Danes. 
 
 c. His government. 
 
 1. Means and methods of administration. 
 
 2. Means and methods of legislation. 
 
 3. Relations with the Church. 
 
 a. Charles and the Papacy. 
 
 b. His use of the Church. 
 
 c. The filioque. 
 
 d. Reforms in the Church. 
 
 d. Schools and literature. 
 
 e. Creation of the mediaeval Empire, 7^,/ff. i//iWWa^>v '•> mU. o<x 
 
 Oman, xxii. C*f^K*U*y y CL*^>.^^~~/<- 
 
 1. Favoring conditions. 
 
 2. The crowning of Charles (800). 
 
 3. Consequences. 
 
— i 9 — 
 
 a. Immediate. 
 
 b. Prospective. 
 
 Beginnings of feudalism. 
 
 Emsrtorij xy. Adams, in ix. Andrews, vi, §§ 1-6. 
 
 a. Introductory. 
 
 b. Causes of its rise. Alu^C* fh,%iL>. 
 
 c. Elements. 
 
 i. Benefice. 
 
 2. Vassalage. 
 
 3. Immunity. 
 
 d. Leading consequences. 
 
 1. Social. 
 
 2. Political. 
 
 3. Ecclesiastical. 
 
MEDIAEVAL EUROPE. 
 
 c. 800— c. 1300. 
 
 Bibliographies. — Adams, Andrews, Fisher, Schaff, as for the previous period. 
 Emerton, in the bibliographical introduction and at the beginning of chapters in 
 his Mediaeval Europe, (1. 9. 5. 5.). 
 
 Maps and Tables. — Colbeck, Droysen, Freeman, Gardiner, Putzger, Spruner- 
 Menke, as for the previous period. Lamed, History for ready reference, espec- 
 ially the following: (1), (2), (3), as for the same numbers under the previous 
 period; (4) Europe at the close of the 10th century, II, 1020; (5) Two maps of 
 central Europe, in 843 and in 888, II, 1404; (6), Four development maps of Spain, 
 IV, 2976; (catalogue desk). The genealogical tables in Ploetz, Kitchin, George's 
 Genealogical tables illustrative of modern history, and the appendix to Larned, will 
 be the handiest and the most serviceable. Refer to Bryce for parallel-column 
 statement of the Popes and the Emperors. 
 
 Histories and General Literature. — Adams, Alzog, Andrews, Bryce, Coxe 
 Creighton, Crowe, Draper, Duruy, Britannica, Fisher, Freeman 's Chief periods, 
 Gibbon, Gieseler, Green, Gregorovius, Guizot, Hallam, Henderson, Kitchin, Lea, 
 Milman, Michelet, Moeller, Myers, Neander, Oman's Byzantine Empire, Ploetz, 
 Schaff, Sismondi, Stanley, Stephen, Stil/e, — as for the previous period. Ashley, In- 
 troduction to English economic history, (5. 2. 4. 7.). Balzani, The Popes and the 
 iiohenstaufen, (3. 11. 4. 5.). Cox, History of the crusades, (1. 9. 3. 4.). Creigh- 
 ton, Epochs of English history, (1. 10. 3. 5.). Cunningham, Growth of English 
 industry and commerce, (5. 2. 4. 6.). Button, History of the crusades, (1. 9. 3. 4.). 
 Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, (1. 9. 5. 5.). Freeman, Growth of the English consti- 
 tution, (1. 12. 5. 6.); The Norman conquest, 6 vols.; (1. 10. 4. 4.); Short his- 
 tory of the Norman conquest, (1. 10. 4. 4.); William I, (1. 10. 4. 4.). Gardiner, 
 Student's history of England, (1. 10. 3. 5.) Geffcken, Church and State, 2 vols., 
 (3. 13. 1. 3.). Green, Henry II, (1. 10. 4. 5.). Gross, The gild merchant, 2 vols.; 
 (5. 2. 3. 1.). Henderson, History of Germany in the middle ages, (1. 16. 1. 3.). 
 Johnson, The Normans in Europe, (1. 10. 1. 6.). Keary, The Vikings of western 
 Christendom, (1. 9. 2. 7.). Lea, History of the inquisition of the middle ages, 3 
 vols., (3. 11. 4. 5.); Sacerdotal celibacy, (3. II. 4. 6.). Lewis. History of Germany, 
 (1. 16. 1. 4.). Mathews, Select mediaeval documents, (1. 9. 5. 5.). May, Demo- 
 cracy in Europe, (1. 10. 1. 5.). Oman, History of England, (1. 10. 3. 5.). Pauli, 
 Alfred the Great, (1. 10. 4. 3.); Simon de Montfort, (1. 10. 4. 5.). Prothero, 
 Simon de Montfort, (1. 10. 4. 5.). Ransome, Short history of England, (1. 10. 3. 
 5.). Stephens, Hildebrand and his times, (3. 11. 4. 3.). Stubbs, The early 
 
Plantagenets, (I. 16. 4. 5.). Vinogradoff, Villainage in England, (1. 12. 5. 1.). 
 Sybel, History and literature of the crusades, (1. 9. 3. 4.). Wheatotz, History of the 
 Northmen, (1. 16. 5. 6.)- Zimmern, The Hansa towns, (1. 16. 1. 5.) 
 
 Among the best historical novels dealing with this period, together with the 
 authors, and the subjects and times they discuss, are: (1) Count Robert of Paris 
 by Scott; Palestine and Constantinople, and the second crusade, late nth and 
 12th century. (2) Ivanhoe, by Scott; third crusade, late 12th century. (3) The 
 Talisman, by Scott; same. (4) Lady Sybil's choice, by Emily Holt; same. (5) 
 The boy crusaders, by J. G. Edgar; middle 13th century. (6) The prince and 
 the page, by C. M. Yonge; crusades, late 13th century. (7) Ekkehard, by J. V. 
 Scheffel; barbarian invasion, 10th century. (8) The Truce of God, by G. H. 
 Miles; Gregory vii and Henry iv, nth century. (9) The Castle of Ehrenstein, by 
 G. P. R. James; robber barons of the 13th century. (10) The Little Duke, by C. 
 M. Yonge; Richard the Fearless, 10th century, (n) In His name, by E. E. Hale; 
 the Waldenses, 12th century. (12) Philip Augustus, by G. P. R. James; 13th 
 century. (13) Harold, by Bulwer; the last of Saxon kings, nth century. (14) 
 Hereward, by Chas. Kingsley; the Norman conquest, nth century. 
 
 I. The Feudalization of Europe. 
 
 1. Dissolution of the Carolingian Empire. 
 
 Adams, viii. Duruy, x, xi. Guizot, Civ. in Fr., xxiv. Oman, xxiii-xxv. 
 
 a. Causes of decline. 
 
 1. Internal. 
 
 2. External: invasions of Northmen, Saracens, Hun- 
 
 garians. 
 
 b. Beginnings of modern nations. 
 
 Emerton, i. 
 
 i. Territorial arrangements under Charlemagne. 
 
 2. Under Louis the Pious (814-840); the various par- 
 
 titions. 
 
 3. Under Louis' successors (840-887). 
 
 a. Quarrels of the sons. 
 
 b. Treaty of Verdun (843). 
 
 c. The three kingdoms. 
 
 d. The last union (887). 
 
 e. Fortunes of the "middle kingdom." 
 
 c. Decline of the Emperorship. 
 
i. The imperial idea under Charlemagne. 
 
 2. Under Louis the Pious. 
 
 3. Under Louis' successors. 
 
 a. Effect of Verdun. 
 
 b. Attitude toward the Papacy. 
 
 c. The Empire Italian. 
 
 d. Outlook of the Carolingian family. 
 
 1. In East Francia. 
 
 2. In West Francia. 
 
 <?. The Papacy under the Carolingians. 
 
 Emerton, ii. Guizot, Civ. in Fr., xxvii. 
 
 i. Under Charlemagne. 
 
 Emerton, pp. 42—53. 
 
 a. Basis of power. 
 
 b. Its status. 
 
 c. Its functions. 
 
 2. Under Louis the Pious. 
 
 3. Under Louis' successors (840-887). 
 
 a. Pope Nicholas I (858-867). 
 
 b. Hadrian II; John VIII. 
 
 4. Special legal foundations. 
 
 a. The Forged Decretals. 
 
 b. The Donation of Constantine. 
 
 2. France in the 9th and 10th centuries. 
 
 a. Establishment of feudalism. 
 
 b. Triumph of feudal forces. 
 
 1. Overthrow of the Corolingian family. 
 
 a. Question of the century's struggle. 
 
 b. Part played by house of Robert. 
 
 c. The struggle: its incidents and outcome. 
 
 2. Rise of the Capetians. 
 
 a. Reasons for their success, 
 
 b. Their early rule (987-1108). 
 
— 23 — 
 
 c. Geography of feudal France. 
 3. In Germany and Italy; the Empire and the Papacy. 
 Duruy, xiv. Adams, x. Bryce, vi-viii. 
 a. Revival of the Empire and the Papacy. 
 
 Emerton, iii, iv. 
 
 i. The German kingdom and its feudal features. 
 
 a. Under kings from Carolingian family: Arnulf, 
 
 Ludwig the Child. 
 
 1. Troubles on the borders. 
 
 2. The great duchies. 
 
 b. Under Conrad the Franconian (91 1-9 19). 
 
 1. Electoral system. 
 
 2. Internal policy. 
 
 3. Relations with the Saxons. 
 
 c. Under kings from the Saxon house. 
 
 1. Henry I, the Fowler; relations with the 
 
 Hungarians (919-936). 
 
 2. Otto I: his coronation (936); his home 
 
 policy and troubles; the Hungarians 
 and Slaves. 
 
 2. Italy and the Papacy. 
 
 a. Italy in the early 10th century. 
 
 1. Decentralization. 
 
 2. Old Italian Empire. 
 
 3. Kings in Italy. 
 
 4. Influential families. 
 
 5. Alberic at Rome. 
 
 b. The Papacy. 
 
 1. Its status. 
 
 2. Its policy — successive steps. 
 
 3. Otto and the Empire. 
 
 a. Expeditions into Italy. 
 
 b. Imperial coronation (962). 
 
— 24 — 
 
 c. Relations between Empire and Papacy. 
 
 d. Consequences of revival of the Empire. 
 
 b. The Empire under the Saxon house. 
 
 Emerton, latter part of iv, v. Bryce, in ix. 
 
 i. Territorial changes under Otto I (936-973) and 
 Otto II (973-983)- 
 
 2. Otto III (983-1002). 
 
 a. Otto's minority. 
 
 b. His ideas of Empire and his policy. 
 
 c. Relations with the Papacy. 
 
 1. Choice of Popes. 
 
 2. Gerbert as Sylvester II. 
 
 d. Christianizing of Hungary. 
 
 e. His failure. 
 
 3. Henry II (1002-1024). 
 
 a. His German policy. 
 
 b. Beginnings of reform. 
 
 1. Cluny movement. 
 
 2. Ideas of the German clergy. 
 
 3. Ideas of the Pope. 
 
 4. Ideas of the Emperor. 
 
 c. Henry's successes. 
 
 4. The Northmen and Normans in Europe. 
 
 Johnson, The Normans in Europe. Duruy, xii, xiii. Keary, Vikings 
 in western Christendom. 
 
 a. The Northmen. 
 
 Johnson, i, ii. 
 
 i. Their home. 
 
 2. Their characteristics. 
 
 3. Their invasions. 
 
 a. Periods. 
 
 b. Extent. 
 
 c. Features. 
 
— 25 — 
 
 b. England and the Danes. 
 
 Pertinent chapters in Church, Green, and Freeman. 
 
 i. Strife of the kingdoms. 
 
 2. Supremacy of Wessex. 
 
 3. Alfred the Great (871-901). 
 
 a. Danish invasions. 
 
 b. Treaty of Wedmore (878). 
 
 c. Alfred as ruler. 
 
 d. Alfred as civilizer. 
 
 4. The Danish conquest. 
 
 a. Alfred's successors. 
 
 b. England under Dunstan and Edgar. 
 
 c. Swegen. 
 
 d. Cnut, Harold, Harthacnute (101 6-1042). 
 
 1. Cnut as conqueror. 
 
 2. Cnut as ruler. 
 
 e. Results. 
 
 c. The Normans in France. 
 
 1. Their invasions. 
 
 2. Their settlement. 
 
 3. Policy and fortunes. 
 
 d. The Normans in Spain. 
 
 e. The Normans in Italy. 
 
 1. South Italy on their arrival. 
 
 2. Their wars and conquests. 
 
 3. Vassals of the Pope. 
 
 f. The Normans in England. 
 
 Pertinent chapters in Gardiner, Oman, Creighton, Ransome, 
 Johnson, or Green. 
 
 1. England on the eve of the conquest. 
 
 a. The dynastic struggle; Edward the Confessor; 
 Harold. 
 
— 26 — 
 
 b. Ethnological divisions. 
 
 c. Prominent institutions. 
 
 2. The Norman conquest. 
 
 a. William as Duke of the Normans. 
 
 b. William as conqueror; battle of Hastings. 
 
 c. Consequences. 
 
 3. England under the Norman kings (1066-1154). 
 
 a. The English kingship under William. 
 
 1. Its power. 
 
 2. Its dangers. 
 
 b. Struggle with France. 
 
 c. The Norman government. 
 
 Johnson, xvii. 
 
 5. The feudal regime. 
 
 Emerton, xiv. Durny, xv. Adams, ix. 
 
 a. Composition of feudal society. 
 
 1. Noble classes. 
 
 a. Aristocracy. 
 
 1. Lay. 
 
 2. Clerical. 
 
 b. The king. 
 
 2. Non-noble classes. 
 
 a. Peasants. 
 
 b. Burghers. 
 
 b. The "feudal system." 
 
 Emerton, xiv. 
 1. The fief. 
 
 a. Definition. 
 
 b. Principle of inheritance. 
 
 1. Established. 
 
 2. Developed and modified. 
 
 c. Extension in meaning. 
 
2. Usages and government. 
 
 a. Relations between suzerain and vassal. 
 
 i. Rights of the suzerain. 
 2. Rights of the vassal. 
 
 b. Feudal law. 
 
 c. Administrative machinery. 
 
 c. The lesser nobility. 
 
 d. Chivalry. 
 
 i. Origin and development. 
 
 2. Leading features. 
 
 3. Influences. 
 
 e. The Church and the clergy. 
 
 1. Relations with the system. 
 
 2. Influences of the feudal life. 
 
 /. The feudal king. 
 
 1. His position in theory. 
 
 2. His position in fact. 
 
 a. In France. 
 
 b. In Germany. 
 
 c. In Italy. 
 
 g. The peasants. 
 
 1. Their place in society: industrial. 
 
 2. The manorial system. 
 
 a. Definition. 
 
 b. The people in it. 
 
 c. The village. 
 
 d. Manorial usages and government. 
 
 h. The townspeople. 
 i. Consequences. 
 
 II. Germany and Italy: Conflict between Empire and Papacy. 
 
 Adams, x. Bryce, x-xiii. 
 
 i. The Empire at its height: under the first Franconians (1024- 
 1056). 
 
— 28 — 
 
 Emerton, vi. Du?-uy, in xiv and xvii. Bryce, in ix. 
 
 a. Rise of the Franconian house. 
 
 b. Conrad II (1024-1039). 
 
 1. Chief interest of his reign. 
 
 2. His work for Germany. 
 
 a. Border troubles. 
 
 b. Inheritance of the kingship. 
 
 3. His work for the Empire. 
 
 c. Henry III (1039-1056). 
 
 1. Henry and Germany. 
 
 a. Eastern frontiers. 
 
 b. Western and southern frontiers. 
 
 c. The "Truce of God." 
 
 2. Henry and Church reform. 
 
 a. Suppression of simony. 
 
 b. Henry and the Papacy. 
 
 c. Ambitions of the Papacy. 
 
 Claims and resources of each party. 
 Emerton, vii. Duruy, in xvii. 
 
 a. Of the Papacy. 
 
 1. Claims. 
 
 a. Control of reform movement. 
 
 b. Control of the Church. 
 
 c. Control of the Empire. 
 
 2. Hindrances. 
 
 a. Before revival of Papacy. 
 
 b. After revival through the Empire. 
 
 3. Resources. 
 
 a. The " Pataria." 
 
 b. The Normans. 
 
 c. County of Tuscany. 
 
 d. Ascetic movement. 
 
 e. Prevailing discontent. 
 
— 2 9 — 
 
 4. Hildebrand. 
 
 y Milman, VII, i. 
 
 a. His early career and his character. 
 
 b. His ideas of reform. 
 
 c. College of Cardinals (1059). 
 
 b. Of the Empire. 
 
 1. Henry IV (1056-1 106). 
 
 2. Claims. 
 
 3. Resources. 
 
 Conflict over investiture. 
 Emerton, viii. Duruy, xvii. 
 
 a. Program of Gregory VII, Hildebrand (1073-1085). 
 
 1. As to clerical celibacy. 
 
 2. As to simony. 
 
 3. As to lay investiture. 
 
 4. As to Papal supremacy. 
 
 b. Gregory and Henry IV. 
 
 1. Gregory's demands. 
 
 2. The real issue. 
 
 3. Leading features of their struggle. 
 
 c. Henry IV and Gregory's successors. 
 
 1. Urban I and the first crusade. 
 
 2. Character and features of their struggle. 
 
 d. Concordat of Worms (11 22). 
 
 1. Henry V (1106-1125). 
 
 2. Preliminary steps. 
 
 Conflict involving the independence of Italy. 
 Emerton, ix. Duruy, in xviii. 
 a. Guelfs and Ghibellines. 
 1. Questions at issue. 
 
 a. German. 
 
 b. Imperial. 
 
_ 3 o — 
 
 2. Lothair of Saxony (112 5-1 137). 
 
 3. The rise of the Hohenstaufen. 
 
 a. Conrad III (1138-1 152). 
 
 b. Frederic I, Barbarossa (11 52-1 190). 
 
 4. The Hohenstaufen program. 
 
 Emerton, p. 283. 
 
 b. Italy and Frederic Barbarossa. 
 
 1. The Lombard communes. 
 
 a. Their political organization. 
 
 b. Reasons for opposing the Emperor. 
 
 2. Rome, the Papacy and South Italy. 
 
 3. Roncaglian assemblies (1154, 1158). Legal set- 
 
 tlement. 
 
 4. War with the League. 
 
 a. Destruction of Milan. 
 
 b. Alexander III. 
 
 c. Legnano (11 76). 
 
 d. Treaty of Venice (n 77). 
 
 5. Peace of Constance (1183). 
 
 6. The Norman marriage (1186). 
 
 c. Germany and Frederic Barbarossa. 
 5. Triumph of the Papacy. 
 
 Emerton, x, Duruy, in xviii. 
 
 a. Henry VI (1190-1197). 
 
 b. The Papacy under Innocent III (1198-1216). 
 
 Milman, IX. 
 
 i. Resources. 
 
 2. Innocent's policy. 
 
 a. In affairs of the nations. 
 
 b. In regard to heresy; Albigensian crusade. 
 
 c. Frederic II (12 12-1250). 
 
 1. His Sicilian history. 
 
 2. His work in Germany. 
 
 3. His overthrow. 
 
d. Final overthrow of Hohenstaufen family (1268). 
 6. Results. 
 
 Adams, 256-257. 
 
 a. In Germany. 
 
 b. In Italy. 
 
 III. The Crusades. 
 
 Emerton, xi. Adams, xi. Guizot, Civ. in Europe, viii. Milman, VII, vi. 
 
 i. Occasion. 
 
 Duruy, in xix. 
 
 a. Conditions in the East. 
 
 1. The Christian pilgrims. 
 
 2. The Mohammedan East. 
 
 3. The Eastern Empire. 
 
 b. Ambitions of the Popes. 
 
 2. Causes. 
 
 a. Love of military adventure. 
 
 b. Position of the Papacy. 
 
 c. The ascetic movement. 
 
 d. Absence of other interests. 
 
 3. The Crusades in the East. 
 
 a. First period; universal enthusiasm. 
 
 1. First crusade (1095-1099). 
 
 a. Peter the Hermit; Urban II. 
 
 b. Failures and successes. 
 
 c. Feudalism in the East. 
 
 d. The military orders. 
 
 2. Second crusade (1147-1 149). 
 
 Cause and results. 
 
 3. Third crusade (n 89-1 192). 
 
 Cause, features and results. 
 
 b. Second period; feudal crusades. 
 
i. Fourth crusade (i 202-1204). 
 
 Cause; the Latin Empire (1 204-1 261). 
 
 2. Children's crusade (12 12). 
 
 3. Fifth crusade (12 1 7-1 221). 
 
 4. Sixth crusade (1229). 
 
 c. Third period; crusades by St. Louis. 
 
 1. Seventh crusade (1248— 1254). 
 
 2. Eighth crusade (1270). 
 
 4. Crusades in the West. 
 
 Duruy, xxi. 
 
 a. The Albigensian crusade (1208-1229). 
 
 1. Causes. 
 
 2. Features and consequences. 
 
 b. Conquest and conversion in Prussia, Livonia and Es- 
 
 thonia, by the Teutonic knights. 
 
 c. The Spanish crusade; Spain in the middle of the 13th 
 
 century. 
 
 1. Evolution of the Christian kingdoms. 
 
 2. The battle of religions; triumph of the Christians. 
 
 5. Results. 
 
 Emerton, pp. 388-397. Duruy, in xx and xxi. 
 
 a. Results in detail. 
 
 1. Industrial. 
 
 2. Social. 
 
 3. Political. 
 
 4. Ecclesiastical. 
 
 5. Intellectual. 
 
 b. Result in general. 
 
 IV. The Ecclesiastical System. 
 
 1. The secular clergy. 
 Emerton, in xvi. 
 a. The sacramental system. 
 
— 33 — 
 
 i. Its make-up. 
 2. Its functions. 
 
 <£. Administrative divisions. 
 
 i. Parish. 
 
 2. Diocese. 
 
 3. Province. 
 
 c. The hierarchy. 
 
 1. The bishop. 
 
 a. His position. 
 
 b. His choice. 
 
 c. His functions. 
 
 2. The parish clergy. 
 
 3. The archpresbyter. 
 
 4. The archdeacon. 
 
 5. The archbishop. 
 
 6. The Pope. 
 
 2. The monastic clergy. 
 Emerton, in xvi. 
 
 a. Monasticism in general. 
 
 1. Its establishment. 
 
 2. Its development. 
 
 3. Its status. 
 
 4. Its consequences. 
 
 b. The monastery. 
 
 1. Founding. 
 
 2. Classes of occupants. 
 
 3. Officers. 
 
 c. The Cluny movement. 
 
 1. Its rise. 
 
 2. Its spread. 
 
 3. Its work. 
 
 a. In relation to ascetic movement in general. 
 
 b. In relation to ''the year 1000." 
 
— 34 — 
 
 c. In relation to private warfare. 
 
 d. In relation to monasticism. 
 
 e. In relation to the Church. 
 
 f. In relation to the Papacy. 
 
 d. Monastic reform; the later orders. 
 
 i. The Cistercians; St. Bernard. 
 2. The mendicant orders. 
 
 a. The Dominicans; St. Dominic. 
 
 b. The Franciscans; St. Francis of Assisi. 
 
 c. Their organization. 
 
 d. Their work. 
 
 3. Ecclesiastical law-giving. 
 
 E?nerton, in xvi. 
 
 a. Origin. 
 
 b. The ecclesiastical court. 
 
 c. Its province. 
 
 d. Ecclesiastical and lay jurisdiction. 
 
 e. The Canon Law. 
 
 1. Its foundations. 
 
 2. Its sources. 
 
 3. Collected and arranged. 
 
 4. Prominent features. 
 
 V. Intellectual Life of the Middle Ages. 
 
 Emerton, xiii. Duruy, xvi, xxiii. Milman, VIII, v. Guizot, Civ. in Fr., vi 
 xvi, xviii, xxii, xxiii, xxviii, xxix. 
 
 i. Its general character. 
 
 Emerton, p. 436. 
 
 2. The Carolingian renaissance. 
 
 a. Its representatives. 
 
 b. Its channels. 
 
 c. Its consequences. 
 
 3. Scholasticism. 
 
 a. Asceticism and learning. 
 
 b. Nominalism and realism. 
 
— 35 — 
 
 i. Meaning and importance. 
 
 2. Their appreciation. 
 
 3. Their carty representatives. 
 
 a. Berengar of Tours (998-1088). 
 
 b. St. Anselm (1033-1109). 
 
 c. Peter Abelard (1079-1 142). 
 
 4. Triumph of realism. 
 
 c. Mysticism. 
 
 1. Meaning and nature. 
 
 2. Relations with scholasticism. 
 
 3. Representatives; Bernard of Clairvaux (109 1-1 153). 
 
 d. Later representatives. 
 
 1. Peter Lombard (d. 1164). 
 
 2. The mendicant scholars. 
 
 e. The mediaeval universities. 
 
 1. Their rise. 
 
 2. Their organization. 
 
 3. Number and location. 
 
 4. Their work. 
 
 4. Literature, science, arts. 
 Duruy, xvi, xxiii. 
 
 a. Latin literature. 
 
 b. Literature of the popular languages. 
 
 c. The sciences. 
 
 d. The Gothic architecture. 
 
 e. Sculpture and painting. 
 
 VI. Commerce and Industry. 
 
 Duruy ,in xxiii. Adams, xii. 
 
 i. Features of mediaeval commerce. 
 
 a. Revival of Commerce. 
 
 b. Position in industrial world. 
 
 c. Its obstacles. 
 
 d. Its development and extension. 
 
-36- 
 
 i. Centers. 
 
 2. Routes. 
 
 3. Methods. 
 
 e. Commercial organizations and leagues. 
 2. Organization of labor. 
 
 a. The trades. 
 
 b. The workmen. 
 
 c. The craft guilds. 
 
 VII. Progress of Cities. 
 
 Duruy, xxii. Adams, in xii. G/iizot, Civ. in Fr., 2d course, xvi-xix. Emer- 
 ton, in xv. 
 
 1. Origins of mediaeval cities. 
 
 a. Ancient municipal institutions. 
 
 b. Later municipal growths. 
 
 1. Occasions. 
 
 2. Foundations. 
 
 3. Methods. 
 
 2. Municipal development in Italy. 
 
 a. Stages of progress. 
 
 Emerton, pp. 522-523. 
 
 b. Italian communal administration. 
 
 1. Consuls; judices; sapientes. 
 
 2. Parlamentum. 
 
 3. Later administrative institutions. 
 
 a. The podesta. 
 
 b. Greater and lesser councils. 
 
 3. Municipal development in France. 
 
 a. Diverse characteristics of French cities. 
 
 1. As to their origin. 
 
 2. As to their history. 
 
 3. As to their prerogatives. 
 
 b. The communes. 
 
— 37 — 
 
 i. The commune denned. 
 
 2. The communal revolution. 
 
 a. Reasons. 
 
 b. Obstacles. 
 
 c. Steps. 
 
 d. Illustrations. 
 
 3. Features of the communes. 
 
 a. Their rights and duties. 
 
 b. Internal constitution. 
 
 c. Administration. 
 
 d. Internal troubles. 
 
 e. Relations with the monarchy. 
 
 c. Tha consular cities. 
 
 4. In Germany. 
 
 5. In England. 
 
 6. The Third Estate. 
 
 a. Beginnings. 
 
 b. Significance. 
 
 VIII. Progress of the Nations. 
 
 1. Revival of the national spirit. 
 
 a. Idea of "the nation." 
 
 b. Channels of revival. 
 
 1. Monarchy. 
 
 2. Languages and literature. 
 
 3. Commercial interests. 
 
 4. The rise of the lower classes. 
 
 a. Socially. 
 
 b. Politically. 
 
 c. Significance. 
 
 2. France through the reign of St. Louis (1270); the mediaeval 
 
 monarchy. 
 
 Emerton, xii. Duruy, xxiv, xxv. Adams, xiii. Guizot, Civ. in Fr., 2d 
 
 course, xii-xiv. 
 
 a. The Capetian monarchy. 
 
-38- 
 
 i. Its double character. 
 
 2. Its ambitions. 
 
 3. Favouring conditions. 
 
 Adams, in xii. 
 
 a. Industrial factor. 
 
 b. The feudal environment. 
 
 c. The growth of commerce. 
 
 1. Circulation of money. 
 
 2. Demand for security. 
 
 3. Demand for uniformity. 
 
 4. Problems before it. 
 
 a. Geographical unity. 
 
 b. Political unity. 
 
 5. Lines of progress. 
 
 Emerton, p. 417. 
 
 6. Incidental aids. 
 b. Geographical union. 
 
 Emerton, pp. 418-423. Adams, pp. 313-320. 
 
 i. Before Louis VI. 
 
 2. Under Louis VI (1108-1137). 
 
 a. As to lesser nobles. 
 
 b. As to greater nobles. 
 
 3. Under Louis VII (1137-1180). 
 
 Progress of the English. 
 
 4. Philip II, Augustus (1 180-1223). 
 
 a. Relations with the nobility. 
 
 b. Relations with the English kings. 
 
 c. His work. 
 
 5. Louis VIII (1223-1226). 
 
 a. Recoveries from the English. 
 
 b. System of appanages. 
 
 6. Louis IX, the Pious (1226-1270). 
 
i» * 1 * * * '" 
 
— 39 — 
 
 a. Regency of Blanche of Castile. 
 
 b. Arrangement with the English (1259). 
 
 c. With Aragon and with the Count of Toulouse. 
 
 c. The central power. 
 
 i. Its administrative machinery. 
 
 a. Early organs. 
 
 b. Prevots. 
 
 c. Baillis. 
 
 d. Conflict with local centers. 
 
 2. Law and justice. 
 
 a. The curia regis. 
 
 b. The system of appeals. 
 
 c. The Roman law. 
 
 d. King's legislative power. 
 
 e. The parlement. 
 
 3. The king and the nobles. 
 
 4. The king and the Church. 
 
 a. The French clergy. 
 
 b. The Papacy. 
 
 5. The king and the towns. 
 
 d. Position of France in Europe. 
 
 3. England in the 12th and 13th centuries. 
 
 Pertinent chapters in Gardiner, Creightori's Epochs, or Ransome. 
 Duruy, in xxiv and xxvi. Adams, xiv. 
 
 a. Henry II and his government (1154-1189); The 
 
 monarchy supreme. 
 
 1. His dominions. 
 
 2. Judicial reforms. 
 
 3. Relations with the Church; struggle against its 
 
 judicial power. 
 
 b. The struggle with France. 
 
 1. Under Henry II. 
 
 2. Under Richard (1189-1 199). 
 
 3. Under John(ii99-i2i6); battleof Bouvines(i2i4). 
 
— 40 — 
 
 c. Struggle for popular liberties; under John (1199-1216) 
 
 and Henry III (1216-1272). 
 
 1. Causes. 
 
 2. The Great Charter. 
 
 3. The Parliament of 1265. 
 
 d. The English constitution at close of 13th century. 
 
 4. The Spanish kingdoms. 
 
 Adams, in xiv. Duruy, in xxxi. 
 
 a. Features of their organization. 
 
 b. Alphonso X, of Castile. 
 
 c. Peter III, of Aragon. 
 
 d. Grenada. 
 
 5. The State and the Nation in Germany and Italy. 
 
 Adams, xiv. 
 
 6. The Northern peoples. 
 
 Duruy, in xxxi. 
 
 a. Formation of Denmark. 
 
 b. Formation of Sweden. 
 
 c. Formation of Norway. 
 
 7. The Eastern peoples. 
 
 Duruy, in xxxi. 
 
 a. Slaves. 
 
 1. Polabians. 
 
 2. Czechs. 
 
 3. Poles. 
 
 4. Russians. 
 
 b. Lithuanians. 
 
 c. Hungarians. 
 
 IX. The Eastern Empire. 
 
 Gibbon, liii, lix-lxi. 
 
 i. Under the Macedonian Emperors (867-1057). 
 
 a. Position of the new house. 
 
 b. Relations with invaders. 
 
 c. Relations with Italy and Europe. 
 
— 4 i — 
 
 i. As to the Saracens and Normans. 
 2. As to the Empire and Papacy. 
 
 2. Under the Comneni (1057— 1 185). 
 
 3. Under the House of Angelus (1 185-1204). 
 
 a. As to the central administration. 
 
 b. As to local administration. 
 
 1. The themes. 
 
 2. The cities. 
 
 c. Its weaknesses. 
 
 5. Industrial conditions. 
 
 6. The Eastern Church. 
 
 7. The environment of the Empire. 
 
 a. On the side of Europe. 
 
 b. On the side of Asia. 
 
 8. The Latin Empire (1204-1261). 
 
 9. The Greeks restored. 
 
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